Wikipédia jvwiki https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Médhia Mirunggan Parembugan Naraguna Parembugan Naraguna Wikipédia Parembugan Wikipédia Barkas Parembugan Barkas MédhiaWiki Parembugan MédhiaWiki Cithakan Parembugan Cithakan Pitulung Parembugan Pitulung Kategori Parembugan Kategori Gapura Parembugan Gapura TimedText TimedText talk Modhul Parembugan Modhul Acara Pembicaraan Acara Mawar 0 881 1760272 1741601 2026-11-06T11:02:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Mawar | image = Rosa alba2.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = ''Rosa alba 'Maiden's Blush'' | regnum = [[Têtanduran|Plantae]] | divisio = [[Têtanduran ngêmbang|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Rosales]] | familia = [[Rosaceae]] | subfamilia = [[Rosoideae]] | genus = '''''Rosa''''' [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] | subdivision_ranks = Spesies | subdivision = &nbsp;&nbsp;antara 100-150 }} '''Kembang Mawar''' iku kalebu kaluwarganing ''Rosa''.<ref name="internet2"/> Cacah jinisé ana atusan. Wiwit kang thukul umbaran (alasan) nganti kang dibudidayakaké.<ref name="internet2"/> Mawar ana kang biyasa, ana uga kang thukulé mrambat.<ref name="internet2"/> Cara membudidayaké utawa nandur [[kembang mawar]] bisa plantaran [[wiji]], [[seték]], [[okulasi]], [[cangkokan]], lan nyigar anakan.<ref name="internet2">[http://tanaman.org/budidaya-bunga-mawar_177.htm Budidaya mawar] (diaksés tanggal 1 Marêt 2011)</ref> Nanging cara kang luwih cepet sarana [[seték]].<ref name="internet2"/> Warnané uga ana rupa-rupa, kang asli racaké awarna [[abang]], [[kuning]], [[kuning tela]], uga ana kang [[jambon]]. Nanging, saiki ana kamajuan [[tèknologi|téknologi]] kang bisa malih rupakaké warna, mawar uga ana kang wernané [[biru]], [[wungu]], malah ana kang [[ireng]].<ref name="internet2"/> Kembang mawar iki wis misuwur ing donya wiwit jaman kalabendu. Lengané didadèkaké [[lenga]] [[wangi]], kang wis misuwur ganda arum lan larang regané. Uga ana manèh kang digawé bahaning [[setrup]], jenengé ''Rosa canina'', amarga akèh [[vitamin]] C-né.<ref name="internet2"/> Mawar akèh-akèhé nduwé [[eri]], nanging ana kang ora ana eriné.<ref name="internet4"/> Eri mawar gunané kanggo njaga mawar supaya ora dirusak [[kéwan]] lan [[gegremet]].<ref name="internet3">[http://kidnesia-dua.gramédiamajalah.com/Kidnesia/Tanya-Nesi/Flora/Fungsi-Duri-Mawar Gramédia Majalah]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 14 April 2011)</ref> Awit ana uga kéwan kang seneng mangan kembang.<ref name="internet3"/> Kéwan iku kalebu kéwan hérbivora[[hérbivora]].<ref name="internet3"/> [[Eri]] kalebu salah sawijiné organ [[tuwuhan]], ya iku [[organ]] ''aksesoris'' utawa rerenggan.<ref name="internet3"/> Eri ana kang kalebu ''aksésoris'' sajati lan ana kang mung ''modifikasi''.<ref name="internet3"/> [[Eri]] minangka aksésori padatan kang ana ing [[pang]], [[wit]], [[godhong]], lan [[woh]] tuwuhan.<ref name="internet3"/> Tuladhané ya iku ing wit mawar.<ref name="internet3"/> <br /> == Mawar bathik == Mawar lumrahé nduwé warna polos, yèn ana campuran warna, lumrahé mung ing pinggiré. Tuladhané mawar [[putih]] kang pinggiré jambon[[jambon]], ana uga mawar [[kuning]] kang pinggiré rupané [[abang]].<ref name="internet4"/> Nanging ana jinis mawar kang trotol-trotol wernané. Mawar iki diarani mawar bathik.<ref name="internet4"/> Mawar [[bathik]] iki ora nduwé eri ing gagangé.<ref name="internet4">[http://www.kebonkembang.com/profil-tanaman-rubrik-33/101.html Profil Tanaman Rubrik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219003224/http://www.kebonkembang.com/profil-tanaman-rubrik-33/101.html |date=2011-02-19 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 13 April 2011)</ref> Mawar bathik bisa urip ing [[dhataran ngisor]], nanging yèn kepéngin kembang luwih gedhé lan wernané luwih cêrah kudu ditandur ing [[dhataran dhuwur]].<ref name="internet4"/> Winih mawar bathik asalé saka sambung pucuk utawa ''grafting''.<ref name="internet4"/> Carané gagangé mawar bathik disambung karo mawar biyasa ing pucukké. Sawisé [[2]]-[[3]] [[wulan]], sambungan iki wis siyap ditandur.<ref name="internet4"/> Tuwuhan iki disiram kaping pindho sedinané.<ref name="internet4"/> Pupuk kang minangka nyuburké tuwuhan ya iku rabuk N-P-K[[N-P-K]], nanging cukup sewulan sapisan.<ref name="internet4"/> Rabuk [[kandhang]] utawa [[rabuk]] diênggo ngrabyuki nalika sepisanan nandur mawar bathik iki. Yèn dirumat kanthi temen, mawar iki bakal rikat ngembang.<ref name="internet4"/> <br /> == Kena ing guna == Kêmbang mawar lumrahé dadi simbol [[''cinta'']] lan katresnan. Nanging sajatiné kembang mawar uga kalebu [[kembang]] kang duwé akèh [[khasiat]].<ref name="internet5">[http://rumahcantikcitra.co.id/node/17631 Rumah Cantik Citra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821011951/http://www.rumahcantikcitra.co.id/node/17631 |date=2019-08-21 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 14 April 2011)</ref> Kembang mawar uga bisa kanggo [[obat]], [[kosmetik]], lan [[terapi]].<ref name="internet5"/> Ing jaman [[Yunani]] [[Kuno]] utawa krajan [[Roma]], sari mawar bisa kanggo [[kosmetik]] lan ngalusake [[kulit]], gawé tenang, lan obat dhéprési, iritasi kulit.<ref name="internet5"/> Ing jaman [[India]], sari mawar kanggo nglancaraké pencernaan lan kanggo kaséhatan [[''metabolismé'']] awak.<ref name="internet5"/> Jaman saiki mawar kêna kanggo [[kosmétik]] lan ngalusaké [[kulit]], têrapi kêcantikan kaya [[serum]] lan [[kosmétik]].<ref name="internet5"/> [[Banyu]] mawar utawa [[ékstrak]] [[sari]] mawar kang diprosés kanthi [[''déstilasi'']] bisa dadi [[krim pelembab]] lan [[sabun]].<ref name="internet5"/> Sari mawar kang luwih kênthêl bisa kanggo sêrum utawa ''ékstrak [[rose oil]]'' lan lenga wangi utawa [[''parfum'']].<ref name="internet5"/> [[Sari]] mawar bisa kagunakaké ing kabéh jinis [[kulit]] lan ora ndadékaké [[''iritasi'']].<ref name="internet5"/> [[Minyak mawar]] uga bisa kanggo ngundhakaké ''élastisitas'' kulit wajah lan ndadékaké luwih ''lêmbab''.<ref name="internet5"/> Garis kêrutan ing rai uga kêna dicêgah nganggo mawar, saéngga kulit katon luwih sêgêr.<ref name="internet5"/> Jinis kulit kang akèh jêrawaté lan sensitif uga kêna nggunakaké sari mawar, awit sari mawar bisa kanggo bahan [[''antiséptik'']] kang maténi [[''baktéri'']].<ref name="internet5"/> Mawar saka spésies [[''Rosa Canina'']] ngandhut [[vitamin C]] kang luwih akèh.<ref name="internet5"/> Vitamin C kang ana ing mawar iki padha karo ping papaté woh [[blackcurrant]] lan ping woluné woh [[jêruk]].<ref name="internet5"/> [[''Kêlopak'']] [[kêmbang]] mawar uga ngandhut [[vitamin]] A lan E, [[lêmak]] [[oméga 3]] kang bisa nglêmbabaké kulit supaya kulit katon sêgêr.<ref name="internet5"/> == Spesies == [[Gambar:Wild rose flower.jpg|thumb|right|''Rosa canina'']] [[Gambar:Wild_Rosa_gallica_Romania.jpg|thumb|right|''Rosa gallica'']] [[Gambar:Rosa_rugosa1.jpg|thumb|right|''Rosa rugosa'']] [[Gambar:Rosa-multiflora01.jpg|thumb|right|''Rosa multiflora'']] Miturut asalé mawar kagolong dadi pira-pira spesiés, mawar saka [[Éropah]], mawar saka [[Amérika]], mawar saka [[Timur Tengah]], mawar saka [[Cina]], lan mawar saka [[Jepang]].<ref name="internet1">[http://www.ibujempol.com/bunga-mawar-taman-mawar-klasifikasi-jenis-mawar/ bunga mawar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530221919/http://www.ibujempol.com/bunga-mawar-taman-mawar-klasifikasi-jenis-mawar/ |date=2011-05-30 }} (diakses tanggal 1 Maret 2011)</ref> * Spesies saka [[Éropah]] ** ''Rosa alba'' ** ''Rosa canina'' ** ''Rosa gallica'' ** ''Rosa chnamomea'' ** ''Rosa cettifolia'' ** ''Rosa spinosissma'' ** ''Rosa wichuraiana'' * Spesies saka [[Timur Tengah]] ** ''Rosa fetida'' ** ''Rosa fetida bicolor'' ** ''Rosa fetida perciana'' ** ''Rosa feicikoana'' ** ''Rosa damascena'' * Spesies saka [[Jepang]] ** ''Rosa roxburghii'' ** ''Rosa roxburghii 'hirthua''' ** ''Rosa aciculaisis nipponensis'' ** ''Rosa mulitiflora'' ** ''Rosa wichuraina'' ** ''Rosa rugosa'' ** ''Rosa uchiyamana'' ** ''Rosa jasminoidesu'' ** ''Rosa fujisanesis'' * Spesies saka [[Amérikah Sarékat]] ** ''Rosa cinemoemea'' ** ''Rosa nitida'' ** ''Rosa california'' == Pêmulia misuwur == [[Gambar:06.2010a white Rosa wp1.jpg|thumb|right|Rosa alba]] * [[Joséphine de Beauharnais]] * [[Jules Gravereaux]] * [[Jean-Baptiste Guillot]] * [[Jean Pernet, père]] * [[Joseph Pernet-Ducher]] * [[Meilland|kulawarga Meilland]] * [[Conard-Pyle Co.]] (Star Roses) *[[David Austin]] ("mawar Inggris") == Gambar kembang == <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="200"> image:Kembang mawar ing ngarep omah.jpg|Kembang mawar abang ingkang éndah image:Aruming Kembang Pethak.jpg|Aruming Kembang Mawar Pethak image:Orange-pink rose 20180210.jpg|kembang mawar oren image:Mawarwarnawarni.jpg|Kembang Mawar kang éndah </gallery> == Gladri == <gallery> Gambar:Illustration Rosa majalis0.jpg|''Rosa majalis'' saka buku Otto Wilhelm Thomé, ''Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz'' 1885 Gambar:Illustration Rosa canina0.jpg|Dog Rose (''Rosa canina'') saka buku karyané Otto Wilhelm Thomé Gambar:Illustration Rosa pimpinellifolia0.jpg|''Rosa pimpinellifolia'' saka buku karyané Otto Wilhelm Thomé </gallery> == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{commons|Rosa|Mawar}} * [http://warintek.bantul.go.id/web.php?mod=basisdata&kat=1&sub=2&file=52 Warung Informasi lan Tèknologi Bantul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928092740/http://warintek.bantul.go.id/web.php?mod=basisdata&kat=1&sub=2&file=52 |date=2007-09-28 }} Budidaya Tetanèn Mawar * [http://www.helpmefind.com/rose/index.php HelpMeFind Roses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026101904/http://www.helpmefind.com/rose/index.php |date=2008-10-26 }} Jênis-jênis mawar lan fotoné * [http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/roses/kinds/drgriffin.html Dr. Griffith Buck Roses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060430071242/http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/roses/kinds/drgriffin.html |date=2006-04-30 }} Mawar asil persilangan Dr. Griffith Buck [[Kategori:Tetuwuhan]] [[Kategori:Kembang]] 7wjmu3hl9ntjglwu6aklxrtkoxx0cv5 Jawa Wétan 0 925 1760065 1734263 2026-11-06T00:06:43Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Jawa Wétan | native_name = ꦗꦮꦮꦺꦠꦤ꧀<br>Jhâbâ Tèmor | native_name_lang =id | other_name = | settlement_type = Provinsi <!-- Disembunyikan sebagai komentar: | image_skyline =Gunung bromo bts.jpeg --> | imagesize =300px | image_alt = | image_caption =[[Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru]] | image_flag =Flag of East Java.svg | flag_size = | flag_alt = | flag_border = | flag_link = | image_seal =Coat of arms of East Java.svg | seal_size = | seal_alt = | seal_link = | seal_type = | image_shield = | shield_size = | shield_alt = | shield_link = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | blank_emblem_alt = | blank_emblem_link = | etymology = | nickname = | motto =''Jer Basuki Mawa Béya'' ([[Basa Jawa Kuna]]) | anthem = | image_map =IndonesiaEastJava.png | map_caption = Pernahé Jawa Wétan ing Indonésia | coordinates = {{coord|7|16|S|112|45|E|region:ID_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Nagara | subdivision_name = {{INA}}| subdivision_type1 =Kutha krajan | subdivision_name1 = [[File:City of Surabaya Logo.svg|20px]] [[Surabaya]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = |established_title = Dikukuhaké |established_date = 14 Agustus 1950, | extinct_title = | extinct_date = | founder = | named_for = | seat_type = Pembagian administrasi | seat ={{Col|1}} * [[Dhaptar kabupatèn lan kutha ing Jawa Wétan|Kutha]]: 9 * [[Dhaptar kabupatèn lan kutha ing Jawa Wétan|Kabupatèn]]: 29 {{EndDiv}} | seat1_type = Kantor Gubernur | seat1 =Jl. Pahlawan No.110, [[Kutha Surabaya|Surabaya]], [[Jawa Timur]] | parts_type = Tokoh Terkenal | parts_style = | parts = {{Col|1}} *[[Soekarno|Ir. Soekarno]] *[[Abdurrahman Wahid|KH. Abdurrahman Wahid]] *[[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] *[[Ario Soerjo|R.M. Suryo]] {{EndDiv}} | p1 = | p2 = | government_footnotes = <ref>[http://banyuwangikab.go.id]</ref> | government_type =[[Pratélan provinsi ing Indonésia|Pemerintah Provinsi]] | governing_body = | leader_party =[[Parté Kebangkitan Bangsa|PKB]] | leader_title =Gubernur | leader_name = [[Khofifah Indar Parawansa]] | leader_title1 =Wakil Gubernur | leader_name1 = [[Emil Dardak]] | total_type = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = <ref name="Jawa Timur Dalam Angka"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mgi.esdm.go.id/content/dinamika-pesisir-jawa-timur |title=Archive copy |access-date=2018-06-19 |archive-date=2018-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606081326/http://www.mgi.esdm.go.id/content/dinamika-pesisir-jawa-timur |url-status=dead }}</ref> | area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink --> | area_total_km2 = 47,779.75 | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_ha = | area_total_acre = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_land_ha = | area_land_acre = | area_water_km2 =75.700 | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_ha = | area_water_acre = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_ha = | area_urban_acre = | area_rural_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_rural_km2 = | area_rural_sq_mi = | area_rural_ha = | area_rural_acre = | area_metro_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_metro_ha = | area_metro_acre = | area_rank = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank1_sq_mi = | area_blank1_ha = | area_blank1_acre = | area_blank2_title = | area_blank2_km2 = | area_blank2_sq_mi = | area_blank2_ha = | area_blank2_acre = | area_note = | dimensions_footnotes = | length_km = | length_mi = | width_km = | width_mi = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | elevation_point = | elevation_max_footnotes = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_max_ft = | elevation_max_point = | elevation_max_rank = | elevation_min_footnotes = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_ft = | elevation_min_point = | elevation_min_rank = | population_as_of =2016 | population_footnotes = <ref name="Jawa Timur Dalam Angka"/> | population_total =39,075,152 | pop_est_as_of =2016 | pop_est_footnotes =<ref name="Jawa Timur Dalam Angka">{{cite book |last = |first = |publisher = Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Timur |title = Jawa Timur Dalam Angka |date = Agustus 2017 |year = 2017 |url = https://jatim.bps.go.id/index.php/publikasi |access-date = 2018-06-19 |archive-date = 2017-12-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171211153002/http://jatim.bps.go.id/index.php/Publikasi |url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jatim.bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/330 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2018-06-19 |archive-date=2017-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114114402/http://jatim.bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/330 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_est = | population_rank = | population_demonym = | population_note = | demographics_type1 = Etnik | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 =Golongan ètnis | demographics1_info1 = [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]] (79.75%)<br>[[Wong Madura|Madura]] (17.32%)<br> [[Wong Using|Using]] (0.79%)<br>[[Wong Tionghoa-Indonésia|Cina]] (0.65%)<br>[[Suku Bawean|Bawean]] (0.16%)<br>[[Suku Batak|Batak]] (0.15%)<br> Liyane (1.18%) | demographics_type2 =Kepercayaan | demographics2_footnotes = | demographics2_title1 =Agama | demographics2_info1 = [[Islam]] 94.35%<br> [[Kristen Protestan]] 3.02%<br> [[Katolik]] 1.17%<br> [[Hindu]] 0.93%<br> [[Buddha]] 0.49%<br> [[Konghucu]] 0.02%<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jatim.bps.go.id/index.php/publikasi/ |title=Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2015" |access-date=2018-06-19 |archive-date=2017-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211153002/http://jatim.bps.go.id/index.php/Publikasi |url-status=dead }}</ref> | timezone1 =[[Wektu Indonésia bagéyan Kulon|Wektu Indonésia Kulon]] | utc_offset1 =+7 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | timezone2 = | utc_offset2 = | timezone2_DST = | utc_offset2_DST = | postal_code_type = Kode Pos | postal_code =60xxx - 69xxx | postal2_code_type = | postal2_code = | area_code_type = Kode Telepon | area_code =+62 031 - 038 | geocode = | iso_code = | registration_plate_type =Tandha tetungganan | registration_plate =L, M, N, P, S, W, AE, AG | blank_name_sec1 =[[Indhèks Pangembanging Manungsa]] (HDI) | blank_info_sec1 ={{increase}} 0.697 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Sedang}}) | blank1_name_sec1 =Peringkat [[Indhèks Pangembanging Manungsa|HDI]] | blank1_info_sec1 =12<ref name="Jawa Timur Dalam Angka"/> (Indonesia) | blank2_name_sec1 = | blank2_info_sec1 = | blank_name_sec2 =Basa | blank_info_sec2 = [[Basa Indonésia|Indonésia]], [[Basa Jawa|Jawa]], [[Basa Madura|Madura]],[[Basa Tengger|Tengger]], [[Basa Using|Using]] | blank1_name_sec2 =Papan Anggegana | blank1_info_sec2 =[[Papan Anggegana Internasional Juanda|Bandara Juanda]] | blank2_name_sec2 = Pelabuhan utama | blank2_info_sec2 = Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak | website = {{URL|jatimprov.go.id}} | footnotes = }} '''Jawa Wétan''' ([[Basa Madura|Madura]]: ''Jhâbâ Tèmor'', [[basa Indonésia]]: ''Jawa Timur'') punika satunggaling [[provinsi]] ing [[Indonésia]] ingkang mapan wonten ing sepertiga pérangan wétan pulo [[Jawa]]. Provinsi punika namung gadhah wates daratan kaliyan provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]] ing sisih kulon; lautan [[Segara Jawa]] lan [[Samudra Hindia]] nyawiji ing sisih lor lan kidulipun, déné selat sempit [[Selat Bali]] ing sisih wétan misahaken Jawa kaliyan [[Bali]] kanthi jarak kirang langkung {{convert|2.29|km|mi}}. Mapan wonten ing sisih wétan pulo [[Jawa]], provinsi punika ugi nggadhahi pulo [[Pulo Madura|Madura]] (ingkang nyambung kaliyan Jawa liwat jembatan paling dawa ing Indonésia, inggih punika [[Jembatan Suramadu]]), kathah ugi [[Kapuloan Kangean|pulo-pulo Kangean]] lan kelompok pulo cilik sanèsipun ingkang mapan langkung wétan (ing sisih lor [[Segara Bali]]) lan kepuloan [[Kapuloan Masalembu|Masalembu]] ing sisih lor. Ibukuthanipun punika [[Surabaya]], kitha ingkang paling ageng nomer kalih ing Indonésia, pusat industri ageng ugi pusat bisnis penting. [[Banyuwangi]] punika kabupatèn ingkang paling ageng ing Jawa Wétan lan ugi paling ageng ing pulo Jawa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jatim.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/08/28/46/luas-wilayah-menurut-kabupaten-kota-di-provinsi-jawa-timur-2016.html |title=BPS Provinsi Jawa Timur |website=jatim.bps.go.id |language=en |access-date=2018-09-18 |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409021013/https://jatim.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/08/28/46/luas-wilayah-menurut-kabupaten-kota-di-provinsi-jawa-timur-2016.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Provinsi puniki ngemot wewengkon kanthi ukuran {{convert|48036.84|km2}}, lan miturut [[Sénsus Indonésia 2010|Sénsus taun 2010]], wonten 37,476,757 tiyang ingkang manggen ing kana,<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011">Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> dadosaken piyambakipun dados provinsi kalih paling akèh pendudukipun ing Indonésia; [[Sénsus Indonésia 2020|Sénsus taun 2020]] nuduhaken paningkatan dados 40,665,696 tiyang,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> déné angka resmi ing pertengahan taun 2022 wonten 41,149,974 tiyang.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2023">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, ''Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2023'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.35)</ref> Méh sapérangan patang tiyangipun manggen ing wilayah métropolitan [[Surabaya|Surabaya Ageng]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ArcGIS Web Application |url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/ |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id |archive-date=5 Juli 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705211227/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/ |url-status=urip }}</ref> Jawa Wétan dipunpanggeni déning golongan étnis ingkang béda-béda, kados ta [[Jawa|Jawiné]], [[Madura|Maduré]], lan [[Cina Indonésia|Ciné]]. Kebanyakan tiyang ing Jawa Wétan nganut [[Islam]], kanthi persentase ngantos 94% saking gunggung penduduk. Agama sanèsipun ugi diamalaken, kados ta [[Kristen]], [[Buddha]], lan [[Konghucu]] ingkang umumipun diamalaken déning wong Tionghoa lan para pendatang saking [[Indonésia Wétan]] lan [[Sumatra Lor]], lan ugi [[Hindu]] ingkang diamalaken déning wong-wong [[Tengger|Tenggeré]] wonten ing [[Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru]] lan wong [[Bali|Baliné]] ingkang manggen ing bagean paling wétan provinsi ingkang wewatesan kaliyan [[Bali]]. === Pratélan Daerah Tingkat II: === # [[Kabupatèn Bangkalan]] # [[Kabupatèn Banyuwangi]] # [[Kabupatèn Blitar]] # [[Kabupatèn Bojanegara]] # [[Kabupatèn Bandhawasa]] # [[Kabupatèn Gresik]] # [[Kabupatèn Jember]] # [[Kabupatèn Jombang]] # [[Kabupatèn Kadhiri]] # [[Kabupatèn Lamongan]] # [[Kabupatèn Lumajang]] # [[Kabupatèn Madhiun]] # [[Kabupatèn Magetan]] # [[Kabupatèn Malang]] # [[Kabupatèn Majakerta]] # [[Kabupatèn Nganjuk]] # [[Kabupatèn Ngawi]] # [[Kabupatèn Pacitan]] # [[Kabupatèn Pamekasan]] # [[Kabupatèn Pasuruan]] # [[Kabupatèn Panaraga]] # [[Kabupatèn Prabalingga]] # [[Kabupatèn Sampang]] # [[Kabupatèn Sidaharja]] # [[Kabupatèn Situbandha]] # [[Kabupatèn Sumenep]] # [[Kabupatèn Trenggalèk]] # [[Kabupatèn Tuban]] # [[Kabupatèn Tulungagung]] # [[Surabaya|Kutha Surabaya]] # [[Kutha Batu]] # [[Kutha Blitar]] # [[Kutha Kadhiri]] # [[Kutha Madiun]] # [[Kutha Malang]] # [[Kutha Majakerta]] # [[Kutha Pasuruan]] # [[Kutha Prabalingga]] == Kagunan lan Budaya == Budaya Jawa Wétanan iku rada béda karo [[Budaya]] Jawa Tengahan sing akèh diwarnani karo [[Kraton]] [[Surakarta]] lan [[Ngayogyakarta]] [[Hadiningrat]]. Apa sing diarani budaya Jawa Wétanan iku kasebar wiwit sisih wétan Kali [[Brantas]] ing [[Kertosono]], [[Nganjuk]]. Yèn ing sisih kulon kali, tansah warna Jawa Tengahan. Kajaba iku, budaya Jawa Wétanan diwatesi karo Kali [[Bengawan]] [[Sala]] ing Babat, [[Lamongan]]; Kandangan, [[Kadhiri]]; lan lor Kali [[Lesti]] ing Kabupatèn [[Malang]]. Cakupan Budayaning Arèkan iki ya nganti tlatah [[Jember]] sanajan kacampur karo budayaning Madura. Tlatah budaya Jawa Wétanan iki paraké ing wewengkon [[Mancanagari]] lan Sabrang Wétan sing prabawa Kratoné ora kuwat. Tenger-tenger khasé yaiku: # [[Egalitèr]], yaiku ora pati nganggo [[unggah-ungguh]] lan iku lumrahé prabawa budaya pasisiran. # Blak-blakan, yèn ngomong ora tèdhèng aling-aling, ora nganggo [[lambang]]-[[lambang]] sing lumrahé dianggo wong Jawa Tengahan. # [[Basa]], basa sing dianggo wong Jawa Wétanan utawa budaya Arèkan ora mbédakaké antaraning [[ngoko]] lan [[krama]], kadhang ngoko lan krama bisa kacampur ing pangucapan. [[Kagunan]] budayaning Jawa Wétanan iku diwiwiti saka [[budaya]] para [[tani]], sing asalé ora saka kraton. Kagunané asalé saka rakyat lan dirasakaké akrab karo warga. Warnané kagunan Jawa Wétanan iki yaiku: * [[Ludruk]] * [[Wayang Jawa Wétanan]] * [[Jogèd Topèng Malangan]] * [[Tayub Térob]] * [[Jogèd Ngrémo]] * [[Jogèd Beskalan Putri Malangan]] * [[Kagunan Parikan]] * [[Réyog|Réyog Panaraga]] * [[Karapan Sapi]] * [[Jogèd Rémo]] == Panganan lan Plesiran == === Panganan kas === * [[Rujak cingur]] * [[Rujak petis]] * [[Soto kupang Sidoarjo]] * [[Soto ayam Lamongan]] * [[sambel Lamongan]] * [[Semanggi Suroboyo]] * [[Lontong balap Wonokromo]] * [[Pecel Madiun]] === Plesir === * [[Kebon binatang Surabaya|Kebon binatang]] * [[Tugu Pahlawan]] * [[Monumen Kapal Selam]] * [[Songgoriti, Batu|Songgoriti]] * [[Padusan Selecta, Batu|Selecta]] == Mitos lan Legenda == * [[Roro Anteng lan Joko Seger]] * [[Joko Tole]] * Pak [[Sakera]] == Tokoh == Tokoh-tokoh Jawa Wétan iki uga kalebu sing asal kelahiran Jawa Wétan. === Babagan pulitik === * [[Mohammad Noer]] * [[Pratélan Gubernur Jawa Wétan]] * [[Hadji Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto|HOS Tjokroaminoto]] * [[Mas Mansur, Kiai Haji|KH Mas Mansur]] * [[Roeslan Abdulgani]] * [[K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid]] * [[K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari]] * [[K.H. Wahid Hasyim]] * [[Nurcholis Madjid]] === Babagan budaya === * [[Emha Ainun Najib]] === Babagan ulah raga === * [[Rudy Hartono]] * [[Alan Budikusuma]] {{Jawa Wétan}} {{Provinsi Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Provinsi Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Géografi Indonésia]] {{stub}} tcteny4btyssphfyjg64gvksxobj896 Durèn 0 1457 1759919 1728609 2026-11-05T15:45:14Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = Durèn | image = Dhurèn.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = '''Durèn''' |regnum = [[Tetuwuhan|Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[tetuwuhan ngembang|Angiospermae]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] | ordo = [[Malvales]] |familia = [[Malvaceae]] |subfamilia = [[Helicteroideae]] |tribus = Durioneae | genus = '''''Durio''''' |genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |synonyms = ''Lahia'' <small>Hassk.</small><ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?4046 |title=''Durio'' L. |work=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] |date=2007-03-12 |accessdate=2010-02-16}}</ref> |subdivision_ranks = Spesies |subdivision = Saiki ana 30 spésies kang diakoni {pirsani tèks) |}} '''Durèn''' iku kalebu [[tetuwuhan|tuwuhan]] [[woh|woh-wohan]] kang wujud [[wit]]. Sebutane durèn diprakirakaké saka istilah [[Malayu]] yaiku saka tembung ''duri'' kang kakhiran panambang-an saéngga dadi [[durén|durèn]].<ref name="internet1">[http://www.juntak.com Durian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605055559/http://juntak.com/ |date=2017-06-05 }}(diundhuh tanggal 15 April 2011)</ref> Tembung iki mligi kanggo nyebut woh kang kulite duwé [[eri]] kang lancip-lancip.<ref name="internet1"/> Wit durèn kalebu jinis famili ''Bombaceae'', bangsane wit kapuk-kapukan. Sing umum ingaran durèn yaiku wit saka marga (gènus) [[Durio]], [[Nesia]], [[Lahia]], [[Boschia]], lan [[Coelostegia]].<ref name="internet1"/> == Sajarah == Tuwuhan durèn asalé saka alas [[Malaysia]], [[Sumatra]], lan [[Kalimantan]].<ref name="internet1"/> Panyebarane durèn menyang arah kulon yaiku ing [[Thailand]], [[Birma]], [[India]], lan [[Pakistan]]. Woh durèn wiwit ngrembaka ing [[Asia Kidul-wétan]] kawit abad 7 M. Ing [[Indonésia]], wit durèn ana ing kabéh pelosok [[Pulo Jawa]] lan [[Sumatra]]. Ing [[Kalimantan]] lan [[Papua]] lumrahé ana ing alas, pinggir kali. Ing donya, wit durèn nyebar marang sakabéhane [[Asia Kidul-wétan]], saka [[Sri Lanka]], [[India]] sisih kidul nganti [[New Guenea]]. Durèn legi rasané.<ref name="internet1"/> == Dasanama == Ana akèh jeneng lokal. Jeneng paling akèh tinemu ing [[Kalimantan]], kang ngacu marang manéka variyetas lan spésies kang béda. Durèn ing [[Sumatra]] ditepungi minangka ''durèn'' (padha karo [[basa Indonésia]]) lan ''duren'' (basa Gayo). Ing tlatah Jawa, durèn ([[basa Jawa]], [[basa Batawi]]) lan ''kadu'' ([[basa Sundha]]). Ing [[Sulawesi]], wong [[Kutha Manado|Manado]] nyebut woh iki minangka ''duriang'', sauntara wong [[Toraja]] nyebut ''duliang''. Lan ing [[Pulo Seram]] pérangan wétan ingaran ''rulen''.<ref name="pusri">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/budidaya/buah/DURIAN.PDF |title=Durian. Petunjuk Budidaya dari PT Pusri. |access-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324120303/http://www.pusri.co.id/budidaya/buah/DURIAN.PDF |archive-date=2012-03-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Dhéskripsi == [[Gambar:Durio zibethinus A.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Wit durèn {kiwa} lan pepagan (tengen).]] [[Gambar:Durian leaves.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Godhong durèn.]] [[Gambar:Meis durian flowers (1038579655).jpg|thumb|right|250px|Kembang durèn.]] [[Wit]] [[tetuwuhan taunan|taunan]], [[tetuwuhan ijo langgeng|ijo langgeng]] (pangguguran [[godhong]] ora gumantung mungsa) nanging ana wektu tinentu kanggo nuwuhaké godhong-godhong anyar (kalamangsa ''flushing'' utawa paronan) kang dumadi sawisé mangsa awoh rampung. Tuwuh dhuwur bisa nganti 25–50 [[mèter|m]] gumantung spésiyése,<ref name=Brown/> wit durèn asring duwé [[oyot|banir]] (oyot papan). [[Pepagan]] (kulit batang) awerna coklat semu abang, nglothok ora aturan. [[Tajuk (botani)|Tajuké]] rindhang lan renggang. [[Godhong]] awangun jorong nganti lansét, 10-15(-17) [[sentimeter|cm]] × 3-4,5(-12,5) cm; manggon seling-seling; mawa tangké; pangkale lancip utawa tumpul lan pucuke lancip nglandhai; sisih ndhuwur warna ijo padhang, sisih ngisor katutup sisik-sisik warna [[pérak]] utawa [[emas|kaemasan]] kanthi wulu-wulu lintang.<ref name="verheij_192">Verheij, E.W.M. dan R.E. Coronel (eds.). 1997. ''Sumber Daya Nabati Asia Tenggara 2: Buah-buahan yang dapat dimakan''. PROSEA – Gramedia. Jakarta. ISBN 979-511-672-2. Hal. 192-198.</ref> [[Kembang]] (uga wohé) muncul langsung saka batang (''cauliflorous'') utawa pang-pang kang tuwa ing pérangan pangkal (''proximal''), maklompok sajeroning karangan isi 3-10 kuntum awangun [[kembang|tukal]] utawa malai rata. Kuncup kembange mbunder, watara 2&nbsp;cm diametere, mawa gagang dawa. Kelopak kembang wangun tabung sadawané lk. 3&nbsp;cm, godhong kelopak tambahan kapecah dadi 2-3 cuping awangun bunder endhog. Makutha wangun [[spatula|sudip]], kira-kira 2× dawané kelopak, cacahé 5 helai, wernané semu putih. [[Benang sari]]né akèh, kapérang dadi 5 dhompol; endhas [[putik]]é mbéntuk bongkol, kanthi gagang mawa wulu.<ref name=verheij_192/> Kembang muncul saka kuncup [[dormansi|dorman]], megar nalika wayah soré lan tahan nganti sapérangan dina. Nalika awan kembang nutup. Kembang iki nyebaraké aroma wangi kang asalé saka [[klanjer]] [[nektar]] ing pérangan pangkalé kanggo narik kawigatèn [[lawa]] minangka panyerbuk mligi.<ref>{{cite book |author=Whitten, Tony |title=The Ecology of Sumatra |publisher=Periplus |year=2001 |isbn = 962-593-074-4 |page=329}}</ref> Kajian ing Malaysia nalika taun 1970-an nuduhaké yèn panyerbuk durèn yaiku lawa ''Eonycteris spelaea''. Panlitèn taun 1996 luwih adoh nuduhaké yèn kéwan liya, kaya ta manuk madu Nectariniidae lan lebah mèlu uga sajeroning panyerbukan telung krabat durèn liyané.<ref name=Brown>{{cite book |author=Brown, Michael J. |title=Durio — A Bibliographic Review |publisher=International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) |year=1997 |url=http://www.bioversityinternational.org/publications/Pdf/654.pdf |format=PDF |isbn=92-9043-318-3 |accessdate=2008-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Bird-pollination of Three Durio Species (Bombacaceae) in a Tropical Rainforest in Sarawak, Malaysia |author=Yumoto, Takakazu |journal=[[American Journal of Botany]] |volume=87 |issue=8 |pages=1181–1188 |year=2000 |doi=10.2307/2656655 }}</ref> [[Woh]] durèn duwé jinis kapsul wangun [[bal (géometri)|bulet]], [[elips|bulet endhog]] nganti [[elips|lonjong]], kanthi dawa tekan 25&nbsp;cm lan diameter tekan 20&nbsp;cm.<ref name=verheij_192/> Kulit wohé kandel, lumahané mawa pojok tajem ("mawa eri", mula diarani "durèn", sanajan iki dudu [[eri]] sajeroning pangertèn [[botani]]), awerna ijo semu kuning, semu coklat, nganti semu klawu. Woh ngrembaka sawisé [[pambuahan]] lan merlokaké 4-6 sasi nganti mateng. Nalika mangsa pamatengan dumadi pasaingan antarwoh ing sawijining golongan, saéngga mung siji utawa sapérangan woh kang bakal mateng, lan sisané palastra. Woh bakal tiba dhéwé yèn wis mateng. Lumrahé bobot woh durèn bisa nganti 1,5 tekan 5 [[kilogram]], saéngga [[kebon]] durèn dadi kawasan kang mbebayani nalika mangsa durèn. Yèn tiba ing sandhuwuré sirah sawijining wong, woh durèn bisa njalari tatu abot utawa malah pepati. Saben woh duwé lima ruwang (awam ngarani "kamar"), kang nuduhaké akèhé [[godhong woh]] kang diduwèni. Saben ruwangan kaisi déning sapérangan [[wiji]], lumrahé telung butir utawa luwih, lonjong tekan 4&nbsp;cm dawané, lan wernané jambon semu coklat ngilap. Wiji kawungkus déning arilus ([[salut wiji]], kang biyasa diarani "daging woh" durèn) awerna putih tekan kuning padhang kanthi kakandelan kang manéka variasiné, nanging ing [[variétas|kultivar]] unggul kakandelan arilus iki bisa tekan 3&nbsp;cm. Wiji kanthi salut wiji sajeroning padagangan diarani ''ponggè''. [[Pamuliaan tetuwuhan|Pemuliaan]] durèn diarahaké kanggo ngasilaké wiji kang cilik kanthi salut wiji kang kandel, amarga salut wiji iki wujud pérangan kang dipangan. Sapérangan variétas unggul ngasilaké woh kanthi wiji kang ora ngrembaka nanging kanthi salut wiji kandel (diarani "sukun"). == Budidaya Lan Panangkaran == === Papan kang cocog kanggo nandur durèn<ref name="internet1"/> === Wit durèn cocogé ditandur ing lemah kang subur (lemah kang sugih unsur organiké). Lemah kang cocog kanggo durèn yaiku jinis lemah grumosol lan andosol. Lemah kang duwé titikan warnané [[ireng]] rada klawu, struktur lemahé kang lapisan ndhuwur yaiku lemah remukan, sisih lapisan sakngisoré awujud gumpalan, lan duwé daya serep [[banyu]] kang gedhé. Drajat keasamané lemah kang cocog kanggo durèn yaiku (pH) 5-7, kanthi pH optimum 6-6,5. Wit durèn kalebu wit taunan kang duwé oyod jero, saéngga mbutuhaké banyu kang cukup. Dhuwuré ora éntuk punjul 800 m dpl. Nanging ana uga wit durèn kang cocog ditandhur ing panggonan kang dhuwur. === Panangkaran === [[Gambar:Durian plant.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Winih durèn (D123/kultivar Chanee) umur 8 sasi, ditandur ing Uppsala, Swèdhen sasi April 2006.]] Panangkaran durèn ing désa-désa lumrahé kanthi migunakaké [[wiji]]. Panangkaran mawa wiji uga dilakokaké kanggo éntuk batang ngisor sajeroning [[panangkaran vegetatif]]. Wiji durèn asifat ''recalcitrant'', mung bisa urip kanthi kadar banyu dhuwur (sandhuwuré 30% bobot) lan tanpa ''perlakuan'' tinentu mung bisa tahan seminggu sadurungé akiré [[embrio]]né mati. Kanthi mangkono wiji kudu énggal disemai sawisé wohé dibukak. Wit durèn wiwit awoh sawisé 4-5 taun, nanging sajeroning budidaya bisa dicepetaké yèn migunakaké [[winih]] asil [[panangkaran vegetatif]]. Tèknik-tèhnik kang dipigunakaké yaiku pancangkokan (arang dilakokaké), panyusuan (arang dilakokaké), panyambungan sandhing (''inarching''), panyambungan celah (''cleft grafting''), utawa okulasi (''budding'').<ref name="pusri"/> Tèknik kang pungkasan iki saiki kang paling akèh dilakokaké. Sapérangan penangkar saiki uga ngetrepaké [[reproduksi vegetatif|panyambungan mikro]] (''micrografting''). Tèknik iki dilakokaké nalika batang ngisor isih enom umuré saéngga nambah rikat mangsa tunggu. Kacathet yèn durèn asil panangkaran vegetatif bisa ngembang sawisé 2-3 taun. Durèn uga mungkinaké ditangkaraké kanthi ''[[in vitro]]'' ([[kultur jaringan]]). === Ama lan lelara === [[Ama]] kang nyerang durèn ing antarané yaiku uler panggèrèk woh (gala-gala), uler panggèrèk kembang, lan ''[[kutu loncat]]'' durèn (ngisep cuwèran godhong enom).<ref name="pusri"/> [[Lelara]] utama durèn yaiku busok oyot lan batang ''[[Pythium complectens]]'', mati bibit (uga déning patogèn kang padha), lelara blendok/kanker ''[[Phytophthora palmivora]]'', lan [[jamur upas]] kang nyerang batang/pang.<ref name="pusri"/><ref>[http://era.deedi.qld.gov.au/1322/ Pythium vexans] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517205659/http://era.deedi.qld.gov.au/1322/ |date=2013-05-17 }} di laman Widely Prevalent Fungi</ref> == Karagaman == === Variétas durèn ing Indonésia === Ing ngisor iki dhaftar variétas durèn (''D. zibethinus'') ing Indonésia:<ref name="capit3">Paimin, F.R. dan E. Syariefa. 2003.''Durèn incaran berbagai daerah. TRUBUS 398'' (halaman 18-19)</ref> {{br}} {| align=center border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #aaa; border-collapse:collapse" |-bgcolor="#ECECEC" ! No. ! Jeneng varietas ! Dhaérah asal ! Karakteristik daging woh |- | 1. | Emas | [[Pandeglang]], [[Jawa Kulon]] | kandel, warnané kuning rada kaemasan, manis, tèksturé garing |- | 2. | Hepe | Pandeglang, Jawa Kulon | kandel, warnané kuning pucet, manis, tèksturé garing |- | 3. | Si kuning | Pandeglang, Jawa Kulon | manis, tèkstur garing, wijiné gedhé |- | 4. | Si boboko | [[Kutha Serang|Serang]], Jawa Kulon | kandel |- | 5. | Si bongkok | Serang, Jawa Kulon | kandel lan duwé aroma kang tajem |- | 6. | Si liter | Serang, Jawa Kulon | wernané kuning pucet lan ora mambu |- | 7. | Matahari | [[Cianjur]], Jawa Kulon | kandel lan manis |- | 8. | Bokor | Cianjur, Jawa Kulon | kandel, kuning, manis, tèksturé garing, wijiné cilik |- | 9. | Gandaria | [[Sukabumi]], Jawa Kulon | kandel, manis, pulen, tèksturé garing |- | 10. | Petruk | [[Jepara]], [[Jawa Tengah]] | kandel, manis, kuning, seraté alus, lan wijiné cilik |- | 11. | Vera | [[Semarang]], Jawa Tengah | kandel, kuning, manis, arum, tèksturé garing |- | 12. | Bubur | Semarang, Jawa Tengah | kandel, putih, manis, tèksturé lembèk kaya bubur, lan wijiné gedhé |- | 13. | Kopek/Kempis | Semarang, Jawa Tengah | kandel, kuning kaemasan, aromané tajem, wijiné cilik |- | 14. | Kendi | Semarang, Jawa Tengah | kuning cerah, manis, arum, tèksturé garing |- | 15. | Kerikil | Semarang, Jawa Tengah | kuning semu putih, manis, tèksturé lembèk |- | 16. | Menorèh | [[Yogyakarta]] | kandel, kuning cerah, manis rada pait, arum, tèksturé garing |- | 17. | Sukun | [[Malang]], [[Jawa Wétan]] | kandel, garing, tèksturé alus, putih rada kuning, manis, lan duwé wiji siji |- | 18. | Sunan | Malang, Jawa Wétan | kandel, garing, tèksturé alus, manis, arum, lan wijiné cilik |- | 19. | Bajul | Malang, Jawa Wétan |- |- | 20. | Dhépok 1 | Malang, Jawa Wétan | kandel, kuning rada putih, manis, aromané tajem |- | 21. | Dhépok 2 | Malang, Jawa Wétan | kandel, kuning kaputihan, manis, aromané tajem |- | 22. | Simas | Malang, Jawa Wétan | kuning pucet, manis, tèksturé garing |- | 23. | Sukarno/Ajimah | Malang, Jawa Wétan |- |- | 24. | Bido | [[Jombang]], Jawa Wétan | kandel, manis rada pait, tèksturé garing |- | 25. | Wonosalam | [[Mojokerto]], Jawa Wétan | kandel, kuning, manis, tèksturé garing |- | 26. | Bestala | [[Buleleng]], [[Bali]] | kuning padhang, manis, aromané kuwat, tèksturé garing |- | 27. | Jering | Buleleng, Bali | rada kapérakan pucet, manis rada pait |- | 28. | Gloso | Buleleng, Bali | manis, tèksturé garing |- | 29. | Setapak | [[Pasaman]], [[Sumatra Kulon]] | kandel, kuning pucet, manis, aromané tajem, tèksturé garing |- | 30. | Belimbing | Pasaman, Sumatra Kulon | kuning, manis, tèksturé garing |- | 31. | Jantung | Pasaman, Sumatra Kulon | kuning, manis, aromané kurang kuwat, lembut, wijiné gedhé |- | 32. | Sari Kampih | [[Tanah Datar]], Sumatra Kulon | kandel, kuning kusem, manis, tèksturé garing |- | 33. | Bantal | [[Bengkulu]] | kandel, putih rada kapérakan, manis |- | 34. | Tembago | Bengkulu | kandel, kuning tembaga, manis |- | 35. | Mentéga | Bengkulu | kandel, kuning padhang, manis |- | 36. | Lepot | [[Kutai Kulon]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]] | kandel, manis, tèksturé garing |- | 37. | Gajah | [[Manado]], [[Sulawesi Lor]] | kuning |- | 38. | Mentéga | Manado, Sulawesi Lor | kandel, wernané rada kuning, manis, tèksturé garing |- |}{{br}} [[Gambar:D101 and random stock.jpg|thumb|250px|Varietas lokal (kiwa) lan klon D101 (tengen)]] === Kultivar unggul saka manca === Ing Malaysia, kultivar durèn unggul asil selèksi diwènèhi kodhe nomer kanthi abjad D ing ngarepé. Sapérangan ing antarané yaiku * 'D24' * 'D99' * 'D123' * 'D145' * 'D158' * 'D159' (klon padha karo varietas 'Montong'). * 'D169' == Paédah == Saliyané wohé kanggo panganan kang seger lan kanggo olahan liyané, pérangan liya saka durèn uga duwé paédah kanggo kauripan [[manungsa]]<ref name="internet1"/>. Wit-witané bisa kanggo nyegah érosi ing lahan utawa [[lemah]] kang miring. [[Kayu]]né bisa kanggo bahan yasan utawa perkakas ''rumah tangga''. [[Wiji]]né kang duwé kandhungan [[pati]] kang gedhé, duwé potènsi kanggo alternatip panganan. Sauntara kulité bisa dimupangataké kanggo awu gosok, carané dipépé nganti garing lan dibakar nganti remuk. == Durèn ing Indonésia == Dilapuraké, saka watara 27 jinis durèn ing alam donya, 18 jinis ing antarané thukul ing [[Kalimantan]], 11 jinis ing [[Malaysia]], lan 7 jinis ing [[Sumatra]].<ref name="capit1">Kostermans, A.J.G.H. 1958.''The gènus Durio Adans''. (Bombac.). Reinwardtia (kaca 47-153)</ref> Akèhé jinis durèn ing Kalimantan duwé gambaran manawa tlatah iki dadi sentra wigati utawa punjer kanggo panyebarané durèn.<ref name="capit4">Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol.11 No.1 Th.2005 (kaca 28)</ref> Ing [[Indonésia]] bisa tinemu jinis durèn kang pirang-pirang warna ana kang béda ing rasané, aromané, lan warna daging wohé (isiné), uga ana durèn kang ora ana wijiné.<ref name="capit4"/> Durèn kalebu komoditas woh-wohan kang duwé pangaji ékonomis ing pasaran.<ref name="capit4"/> [[Indonésia]] ing taun 1985/1986 dilapuraké dadi nagara pangasil durèn paling akèh nomer loro sawisé [[Thailand]], yaiku ngasilaké 200.000 ton<ref name="capit2">Subhadrabandhu, S., J.M.P. Schneemann, and E.W.M. Verheij. 1991.''Edible Fruits and Nuts. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA)''. Netherland: Pudoc</ref>. Nanging saiki Indonésia malah ngimpor woh-wohan saka Thailand, kalebu uga durèn.<ref name="capit4"/> Masalah iki disebabaké amarga kualitas durèn Indonésia luwih cilik ketimbang durèn saka Thailand. Kamangka Indonésia, mligi Kalimantan iku dadi punjer panyebarané durèn.<ref name="capit4"/> == Panganan Saka Durèn == Akeh panganan kang duwé bahan dhasar Durèn, kaya ta ager-ager rasa durèn, ès durèn nganti sop durèn. Sop durèn wis wiwit kondhang ing salah sawijining tlatah kaya ta Dhépok kan Jakarta. Ana salah sawijining warung ès kang nyepakaké sop durèn kanggo pelanggané. Sop durèn iku mau duwé peranganing jeni; ana sop duren ketan, sop duren klapa, sop duren roti, sop duren keju lan liya-liyané. Sop duren kang kondhang ing kutha Dhépok ana ing dalam Margondha. Regané sop durèn iku mau mung Rp 8.000,-nganti Rp 12.000,-. [[Gambar:Sop Durèn.jpg|thumb|250px|Sop Durèn]] == Deleng Uga == * [[Durèn monthong]] * [[Durèn pétruk]] == Cathetan Sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala Njaba == {{sisterlinks|Durèn}} * [http://dhokumèn.deptan.go.id/doc/BDD2.nsf/828b6c655a82612e4725666100335d9e?OpenView&Start=9.26&Count=30&Expand=9.26 Sapérangan kultivar durèn sing dirilis Deptan]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/durian_ars.html Durian - Fruits of warm climates] * {{ms}} [http://agrolink.moa.my/doa/bdc/fruits/durian/durtek.html Info ing situs Dept. Pertanian Malaysia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050309135942/http://agrolink.moa.my/doa/bdc/fruits/durian/durtek.html |date=2005-03-09 }} {{Woh-wohan}} [[Kategori:Woh-wohan]] lzjkkbaqc4wkno8hz2tktgq40k2lo9o Hindhu 0 1887 1760026 1754490 2026-11-05T21:53:57Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760026 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Aum.svg|thumb|Lambang ''[[Aum]]'', lambang suci Agama Hindhu]] '''Agama Hindhu''' iku uga dikenal kanthi sesebutan ''Sanātana Dharma'' ("Pepener Langgeng") lan ''Vaidika-Dharma'' ("Ngèlmu kang Bener") minangka salah sijining [[agama]] [[donya]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p4kzNzII3zAC&pg=PA6|title=Hinduism: A Very Short Introduction|last=Knott|first=Kim|date=2000-02-24|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-160645-8|location=|pages=6|language=en}}</ref> Agama iki terusané agama [[Wéda]] ([[Brahmanisme]]) kang dadi kapercayané bangsa [[Indo-Iran]] ([[Arya]]). Dinuga, agama iki wiwit ana antara taun 3.102 -1.300 SM. Yèn dideleng saka akèhé umat, Hindhu ana ing urutan telu sawisé [[Kristen]] lan [[Islam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/hindu-countries|title=Hindu Countries 2021|website=worldpopulationreview.com|access-date=2021-09-13}}</ref> Ing [[Indonésia]], saliyané ing [[Bali]] lan [[Lombok (pulo)|Lombok]], ing [[Tanah Jawa]] panganuté agama iki uga akèh, mligi ing [[Tengger]], [[Kabupatèn Banyuwangi|Banyuwangi]] lan akèh tlatah ing [[Jawa Tengah]]. Kitab suci utama umat Hindhu iku [[Caturwéda]] kang kabangun saka ''[[Rgwéda]]'', ''[[Samawéda]]'', ''[[Yajurwéda]]'' lan ''[[Atharwawéda]]''.<ref>{{cite book | author= [[Tapan Kumar Pradhan]]| title = Hinduism, Christianity & Islam - A Comparative Study of World Religions | publisher = Kohinoor Books | location = New Delhi | year = 2022 | page= 21-23| isbn = 978-81-952546-1-3 }}</ref> == Referensi == <references /> == Pranala njaba == {{Portal|Hindhu}} * [http://www16.brinkster.com/okanila/phdi/default.asp Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonésia (PHDI)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206144501/http://www16.brinkster.com/okanila/phdi/default.asp |date=2006-12-06 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060810025621/http://www.atributetohinduism.com/index_old.htm A Tribute to Hinduism] * [http://www.encyclopediaofauthentichinduism.org/ Authentic Hinduism Encyclopedia] * [https://shaivam.org/hinduism-a-perspective Hinduism A Perspective] {{Mitologi Hindhu}} [[Kategori:Kapercayan]] [[Kategori:Agama]] [[Kategori:Hindhu]] {{Authority control}} {{stub}} eg5zs7gzpkvoysawtv4aozjmopiew6e Kabupatèn Pemalang 0 1899 1760116 1656804 2026-11-06T03:13:37Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dati2| jeneng = Kabupatèn Pemalang | angka BPS = | provinsi = [[Jawa Tengah]] |kutha krajan=[[Pemalang, Pemalang|Pemalang]] | jembar = 996,09 km² | padunung = 1.320.000 (2003) | kapadhetan = 1.325 |kacamatan=14 | cacah dati4 = 222 |kodearea= 0284 |dau=Rp. 330.900.000.000 |lambang= [[Gambar:Logo Kabupaten Pemalang.png|120px]] |petha = [[Gambar:Locator kabupaten pemalang.png]] |koordinat=- |dhasar ukum=UU No. 13/1950 |tanggal=- |motto=Indah, Komunikatif, Hijau, Lancar, Aman, Sehat (IKHLAS) |Sesanti="Pancasila Kaloka Panduning Nagari" (lima dhasar mashur/kawentar kanggo pedhoman/bimbingan, Nagara/laladan) |kepala laladan=[[Bupati]] |nama kepala laladan= H. Junaedi, SH., M.M. (Bupati) lan Mukti Agung Wibowo, ST. (Wakil Bupati) |alamat email=glomet_16@yahoo.com |web=http://www.pemalangkab.go.id/ }}[[Gambar:Locator kabupaten pemalang.png|thumb|300px]] '''Kabupatèn Pemalang''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦩꦭꦁ) iku kabupatèn kang ana ing [[Provinsi Jawa Tengah]].<ref name="internet1">[http://www.pemalangkab.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=26 Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Pemalang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311001334/http://www.pemalangkab.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=26 |date=2011-03-11 }} (diunduh tanggal 22 Maret 2011)</ref> Adohé kira-kira 135&nbsp;km mengulon saka [[Semarang]].<ref name="internet1"/> Kabupatèn iki wewatesan karo [[Sagara Jawa]] ing sisih lor, [[Kabupatèn Pekalongan]] ing sisih wétan, [[Kabupatèn Purbalingga]] ing sisih kidul, sarta [[Kabupatèn Tegal]] ing sisih kulon. Kabupatèn Pemalang iki jembaré ana 111.530 Ha lan dibagi 14 Kecamatan. Kecamatan sing paling jembar yaiku Kecamatan Bantarbolang, jembaré 139,19 km2 lan kecamatan sing paling cilik jembaré 26,31 km2 yaiku Kecamatan Warungpring. Cacahé warga Kabupaten Pemalang rikala taun 2013 yaiku : 1.279.596 wong. Urutan paling dhuwur yaiku saka Kecamatan Pemalang cacahé 175.994 wong, Kecamatan Taman cacahé 160.277 wong mawa Kecamatan Petarukan ana 145.250 wong. Kecamatan Warungpring, Bodeh lan Pulosari yaiku telung kecamatan kang urutan ngisor paling sethithik, yaiku para warga Kecamatan Warungpring cacahé 38.401 wong, Kecamatan Bodeh saakeh 53,912 wong lan Kecamatan Pulosari 55.253 wong. Laju tuwuhan para warga Kabupatèn Pemalang saben taun sajroné sapuluh taun paling akhir yaiku saka taun 2000-2010 kurang luwih 0,004 persen. Laju tuwuhan iki kalebu cendhèk yèn dibandingna karo laju tuwuhan taun 1990-2000 sing gedhéné 1,28 persen, artiné ana pamudhunan laju tuwuhan para warga sing cukup signifikan. Iki bisa diartekné menawa program pamaréntah Kabupatèn Pemalang nyakaké laju tuwuhan para warga ana kasilé.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sippa.ciptakarya.pu.go.id/sippa_online/ws_file/dokumen/rpi2jm/DOCRPIJM_1505188978BAB_4_PROFIL_KABUPATEN.pdf|title=Profil Kabupaten Pemalang|last=Kabupaten Pemalang|first=Admin|website=Kementrian PU|access-date=2021-10-11|archive-date=2021-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027182755/https://sippa.ciptakarya.pu.go.id/sippa_online/ws_file/dokumen/rpi2jm/DOCRPIJM_1505188978BAB_4_PROFIL_KABUPATEN.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sajarah == Anané Pemalang ing abad XVI bisa digayutaké karo cathetan [[Rijkloff van Goens]] lan dhata ing buku W. Fruin-Mees sing njlèntrèhaké manawa ing taun 1575 Pemalang iku dadi salah siji saka 14 laladan kang mardika ing Pulo Jawa, sing dipanggedhèni déning pangéran utawa ratu. Ing perkembangané, Sénopati lan Panembahan Sedo Krapyak saka [[Mataram]] nelukaké laladan-laladan kasébut, ing antarané Pemalang. Wiwit iku Pemalang dadi laladan vasal Mataram sing dipréntah déning pangéran utawa ratu vasal.<ref name="internet1"/> Pemalang lan [[Kendhal, Kendhal|Kendhal]] ing mangsa sadurungé abad XVII iku laladan sing luwih wigati tinimbang [[Tegal]], [[Pekalongan]] lan [[Semarang]]. Amarga saka iku dalan gedhé sing ngubungaké laladan pasisir lor karo laladan pedalaman Jawa Tengah (Mataram) sing ngliwati Pemalang lan [[Wiradésa, Pekalongan|Wiradésa]] dianggep dalan tuwa dhéwé sing ngubungaké rong kawasan mau. Populasi sing ndunungi minangka pemukiman ing padésan sing wis tumata muncul ing kalamangsa abad wiwitan Masehi nganti abad XIV lan XV, lan sabanjuré tuwuh ngrembaka ing abad XVI, yaiku ing ing sajeroning mangsa perkembangan Islam ing Jawa sangisoré Krajan [[Demak]], [[Cirebon]] lan [[Mataram]]. == Kagunan Kabudayan == [[Gambar:Sintren.jpg|thumb|right|Kesenian tradhisional Sintren]] * [[Sintren]], kesenian iki nggambaraké laku uripé bocah wadon sing isih gadhis, dilakokaké déning gadhis sing isih prawan lan durung akil balik.<ref name="internet3">[http://www.mail-archive.com/artculture-indonesia@yahoogroups.com/msg03875.html Budaya] (diunduh tanggal 23 April 2011)</ref> * [[Ebeg|Jaran Ebleg]] * [[Wayang Kulit]] * [[Wayang Golèk]] * Penganten Pemalangan utawi Penganten Sintren * Jogèd Slendhang Pemalang * Jogèd ATBM, sawijiné jogèd cekakan saka ukara ''Piranti Tenun Bukan Mesin'', jogèd kanggo mromosikake prodhuk unggulan Pemalang wujud [[sarung]] tenun lurik asil kerajinan masarakat ing [[Taman, Pemalang|Kacamatan Taman]]. * Baritan == Géografi == Kabupatèn Pemalang wewatesan: {{Wates LKKW |lor= [[Sagara Jawa]] |kidul= [[Kabupatèn Purbalingga]] |kulon= [[Kabupatèn Tegal]] |wétan= [[Kabupatèn Pekalongan]] }} == Pembagian Laladan Administratif == Kabupatèn Pemalang dibagi dadi 14 [[kacamatan]],<ref name="internet1"/> lan dibagi manèh dadi pirang-pirang [[désa]] lan [[kalurahan]]. Pusat pemerintahané ing Kacamatan [[Pemalang, Pemalang|Pemalang]]. Kejaba Pemalang, kutha-kutha kacamatan liyané sing cukup signifikan perkembanganané yaiku Comal, Petarukan, Ulujami, Randudongkal lan Moga. Kacamatan ing Kabupatèn Pemalang yaiku: * [[Moga, Pemalang|Moga]] * [[Pulosari, Pemalang|Pulosari]] * [[Belik, Pemalang|Belik]] * [[Watukumpul, Pemalang|Watukumpul]] * [[Bodhèh, Pemalang|Bodhèh]] * [[Bantarbolang, Pemalang|Bantarbolang]] * [[Randhudhongkal, Pemalang|Randhudhongkal]] * [[Pemalang, Pemalang|Pemalang]] * [[Taman, Pemalang|Taman]] * [[Petarukan, Pemalang|Petarukan]] * [[Ampèlgadhing, Pemalang|Ampèlgadhing]] * [[Comal, Pemalang|Comal]] * [[Ulujami, Pemalang|Ulujami]] * [[Warungpring, Pemalang|Warupring]] Kabupatèn Pemalang akèhé saka suku Jawa. Ing sisih kulon lan kidul, pendunungé ngomongé nganggo basa Jawa dhialèk [[Tegal]] lan [[Banyumas]], ing sisih wétan kaya ing Petarukan, Comal, Ulujami, Ampelgading lan Bodeh nganggo basa Jawa dhialèk [[Pekalongan]].<!-- [[Berkas:Pembagian administratif kabupatèn pemalang.png|250px|thumb|left|Pembagian administratif Kabupatèn Pemalang]] --> ==Indhustri Rumah Tangga<ref name="internet1"/>== * ATBM, Industri cilik krajinan Tenun ATBM akèh ditemoni ing Désa Wanarejan, Désa Bèji Kec. Taman Kabupatén Pemalang. Prodhuksi sing dihasilké awujud sarung kemabang / goyor sarung palekat kain lurik kas Pemalang Prodhuksi sarung goyor mau wis akèh sing ngerti lan pemasarané nganti luar laladan lan manca nganti tekan Afrika Timur lan Timur Tengah.<ref name="internet1"/> * Konveksi ing Ulujami. * Sapu Glagah ing Majalangu. * Krajinan Kulit Ula ing Comal. ==Panggonan Pariwisata<ref name="internet1"/>== * Pasisir Widuri. Obyèk wisata iki dadi andhalané Pemalang ing sèktor pariwisata, dumunung ing désa Widuri Kacamatan Pemalang. Pasisir iki duwé sesawangan sing éndah, mligi ing wektu ''sunset'' (srengéngé arep kangslup) lan ''sunrise'' (srengéngé arep njedhul).<ref name="internet2">[http://www.wisatamelayu.com/id/news.php?a=Z2tKTi8g= Pasisir Widuri Pemalang Memiliki Keunikan Tersendiri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127115707/http://www.wisatamelayu.com/id/news.php?a=Z2tKTi8g= |date=2024-11-27 }} (diunduh tanggal 23 April 2011)</ref> * Kolam Renang dan Peristirahatan Moga * Cepaka Wulung * Curug Sibedil * Curug Sipendok * Telaga Silating * Curug Bengkawah * Gunung Gajah * Goa Gunung Wangi * Pasisir Joko Tingkir * Pasisir Blendung * Pasisir Widuri * Bukit Mendelem * Curug Lawang * Curug Barong * Telaga Rengganis * Bèji Bening == Kuliner == Panganan kas saka Pemalang yaiku grombyang, lonthong dhekem, kamir, lan apem Comal. == Tokoh Kawentar saka Pemalang == * Jenderal Pulisi (Purn) Drs. [[Sutanto]], mantan [[Kepala Kepulisian Nagara Republik Indonesia|Kapolri]] kalamangsa 8 Juli 2005-30 September 2008, kepala [[Badan Intelijen Nagara]] 21 Oktober 2009-saiki.<ref name="internet7">[http://archive.kaskus.us/thread/5662184 Daftar Kapolri dari Dulu Hingga Sekarang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504163810/http://archive.kaskus.us/thread/5662184 |date=2011-05-04 }} (diunduh tanggal 24 April 2011)</ref> * [[Torro Margens]], aktor.<ref name="internet7"/> * [[Hendra Setiawan]], atlet badminton.<ref name="internet5">[http://www.koni.or.id/index.php/section/athletes/name/Hendra Setiawan/id/107 Hendra_Setiawan]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (diunduh tanggal 24 April 2011)</ref> * [[Kristina]], penyanyi dangdut.<ref name="internet6">[http://pemalang.biz/?p=9&cpage=1 Jebul Artis Kristina Wong Pemalang]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (diunduh tanggal 24 April 2011)</ref> * [[Dulmatin]], salah sijiné dhalang [[Bom Bali 2002|Bom Bali]] taun 2002, tiwas ing penggerebekan teroris di [[Pamulang]], [[Tangerang Selatan]].<ref name="internet4">[http://www.antaranews.com/berita/1268212523/keluarga-tunggu-jenazah-dulmatin Keluarga Tunggu Jenazah Dulmatin] (diunduh tanggal 24 April 2011)</ref> * [[Muammar Z.A.]], qari lan [[hafiz]] internasional.<ref name="internet8">[http://www.2lisan.com/read/al-qur-an-h-muammar al-qur-an-h-muammar]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (diunduh tanggal 24 April 2011)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://pemalang.t35.com Pemalang Membangun, karya pribumi Pemalang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609064904/http://pemalang.t35.com/ |date=2008-06-09 }} * [http://www.pemalangkab.go.id Situs wèb resmi Pamaréntah Kabupatèn Pemalang] * [http://pemalang.biz Pemalang Blog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510042715/http://pemalang.biz/ |date=2018-05-10 }} {{Kabupatèn Pemalang}} {{jateng}} [[Kategori:Kabupatèn ing Jawa Tengah|Pemalang]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn ing Indonésia|Pemalang]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Pemalang| ]] ml7r6fp6jb8wrxhwkt1nrced5fx3pyt Malaysia 0 2105 1760254 1746292 2026-11-06T10:04:16Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Artikel ing krama}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = ꦩꦭꦺꦱꦶꦪ<br>Malaysia | common_name = Malaysia | image_flag = Flag of Malaysia.svg | alt_flag = A blue rectangle with a gold star and crescent in the canton, with 14 horizontal red and white lines on the rest of the flag | image_coat = Coat of arms of Malaysia.svg | symbol_type = Coat of arms | alt_coat = Shield showing symbols of the Malaysian states with a star and crescent above it and a motto below it supported by two tigers | image_map = Location Malaysia ASEAN.svg | map_caption = <center>{{Legend inline|#009900|outline=silver}} '''Malaysia''' in {{Legend inline|#999999|outline=silver}} '''[[ASEAN]]'''</center> | national_motto = "Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu"{{lower|0.2em|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mygov.malaysia.gov.my/EN/Main/MsianGov/MsianFlagAndCrest/Pages/MsianFlagAndCrest.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022191931/http://mygov.malaysia.gov.my/EN/Main/MsianGov/MsianFlagAndCrest/Pages/MsianFlagAndCrest.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 Oktober 2013 |title=Malaysian Flag and Coat of Arms |publisher=Malaysian Government |access-date=9 Sèptèmber 2013}}</ref><!--end lower:-->}}<br />{{small|"Manunggal Nambah Kaunggulan"}} | national_anthem = ''[[Negaraku]]''<center>[[File:Negaraku instrumental.ogg]]</center> | capital = [[Kuala Lumpur]]<br />{{small|{{coord|3|8|N|101|41|E|display=inline}}}}<br />[[Putrajaya]] {{small|(administratif)}}<br />{{small|{{coord|2.9430952|101.699373|region:MY|display=inline}}}} | largest_city = [[Kuala Lumpur]]<br />{{small|{{coord|3|8|N|101|41|E|display=inline}}}} | official_languages = [[Basa Malayu|Melayu Malaysia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agc.gov.my/agcportal/uploads/files/Publications/FC/Federal%20Consti%20(BI%20text).pdf|title=Federal Constitution [As of 1 November 2010]|publisher=Attorney General's Chamber of Malaysia|access-date=10 Novèmber 2017|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010090526/http://www.agc.gov.my/agcportal/uploads/files/Publications/FC/Federal%20Consti%20(BI%20text).pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | languages_type = [[Basa resmi]] | languages = [[Basa latin|Latin]] | languages_sub = yes | languages2_type = Basa sing diakoni | languages2 = [[Basa Inggris|Inggris]] lan [[Basa Cina|Cina]] | languages2_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 69.7% [[Wong Melayu|Melayu]] | 22.9% [[China]] | &nbsp;6.6% [[Indhi]] | &nbsp;1.0% Liya-liyane }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2023<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=155&bul_id=a1d1UTFZazd5ajJiRWFHNDduOXFFQT09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09|title=Current Population Estimates Malaysia 2016–2017|publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia|access-date=14 Juli 2017|archive-date=2017-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721093434/https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=155&bul_id=a1d1UTFZazd5ajJiRWFHNDduOXFFQT09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09|url-status=dead}}</ref> | religion = {{unbulleted list | 63.5% [[Islam]] (resmi)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jac.gov.my/images/stories/akta/federalconstitution.pdf|title=The States, Religion and Law of the Federation|work=Constitution of Malaysia|publisher=Judicial Appointments Commission|access-date=29 Oktober 2017|quote=Islam is the religion of the Federation; but other religions may be practised in peace and harmony in any part of the Federation.|archive-date=2016-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202151159/http://www.jac.gov.my/images/stories/akta/federalconstitution.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 18.7% [[Buddha]] | &nbsp;9.2% [[Kristen]] | &nbsp;6.1% [[Hindu]] | &nbsp;0.9% Liyane | &nbsp;0.7% [[Ora nduwe agama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=117&bul_id=MDMxdHZjWTk1SjFzTzNkRXYzcVZjdz09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09|title=Population Distribution and Basic Demographic Characteristic Report 2010 (Updated: 05/08/2011)|publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia|date=29 Juli 2011|access-date=11 Juni 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820201913/https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=117&bul_id=MDMxdHZjWTk1SjFzTzNkRXYzcVZjdz09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09|archive-date=2017-08-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} | demonym = [[Wong Melayu|Malaysia]] | government_type = [[Monarki Konstitusional]] | leader_title1 = [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] | leader_name1 = [[Ibrahim saking Johor]] | leader_title2 = [[Nayakotama]] | leader_name2 = [[Anwar Ibrahim]] | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | leader_title5 = | leader_name5 = | legislature = [[Parliament of Malaysia|Parlemen]] | upper_house = [[Dewan Negara]] (Senat) | lower_house = [[Dewan Rakyat]] (House of Representatives) | sovereignty_type = [[Kamardikan]] | sovereignty_note = saka [[Karajan Manunggal]] | established_event1 = [[Merdeka Day|Mardhika]] saka [[Federasi Malaya]] | established_date1 = 31 August 1957<ref>{{cite book|author=Mackay, Derek |title=Eastern Customs: The Customs Service in British Malaya and the Opium Trade|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QM5LImNbYusC&pg=PA240|date=2005|publisher=The Radcliffe Press|isbn=978-1-85043-844-1|pages=240–}}</ref> | established_event2 = [[Sarawak Self-government Day|Sarawak Self-government]] | established_date2 = 22 July 1963 | established_event3 = [[Cobbold Commission]] | established_date3 = 17 January 1962 | established_event4 = [[Malaysia Act 1963]] | established_date4 = 31 July 1963 | established_event5 = [[North Borneo Self-government Day|North Borneo Self-government]] | established_date5 = 31 August 1963 | established_event6 = [[Malaysia Mardhika]] | established_date6 = 16 September 1963 | established_event7 = [[Singapura Mardhika]] | established_date7 = 9 August 1965 | established_event8 = [[Deklarasi ASEAN]] | established_date8 = 8 August 1967 | area_rank = 66th | area_magnitude = 1_E+11 | area_km2 = 332.370 | area_sq_mi = 127,720 | percent_water = 0.3 | population_estimate = 34,564,810<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=155&bul_id=a1d1UTFZazd5ajJiRWFHNDduOXFFQT09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09|title=Current Population Estimates, Malaysia, 2016–2017|publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia|date=14 Juli 2017|access-date=11 Juni 2018|archive-date=2017-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721093434/https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=155&bul_id=a1d1UTFZazd5ajJiRWFHNDduOXFFQT09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09|url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_estimate_rank = 44th | population_census_year = 2020 | population_census = 32,447,385<ref name="Population"/> | population_density_km2 = 92 | population_density_sq_mi = 237 | population_density_rank = 116th | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP = $1.002 trillion<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/MYS |title=IMF economies data – GDP}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 26th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,858<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/PPPPC@WEO/MYS|title=IMF economies data – GDP per capita}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 41st | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal = $364.919 billion | GDP_nominal_rank = 38th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $11,237 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 62nd | Gini_year = 2009 | Gini_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 46.3 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=MY |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=11 Januari 2018}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.789<!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report |year=2015 |access-date=15 Dhésèmber 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> | HDI_rank = 59th | currency = [[Malaysian ringgit|Ringgit]] (RM) | currency_code = MYR | date_format = dd-mm-yyyy | time_zone = [[Malaysian Standard Time|MST]] | utc_offset = +8 | time_zone_DST = {{nowrap|not observed}} | utc_offset_DST = +8 | drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic|left]] | calling_code = [[+60]] | cctld = [[.my]] }} '''Malaysia''' punika satunggalipun nagari ingkang dumunung ing son poll dipunjumenengaken ing taun [[1963]]. Malaysia gadhah padunung saking manéka warni [[suku]] lan budaya. Malaysia dados salah satunggalipun nagari ''persemakmuran'' karajan [[Inggris]]. Malaysia awujud nagari fédherasi ingkang kapérang dados 13 wewengkon praja lan 3 pasekutonan. Kutha krajan nagari [[Malaysia]] inggih punika [[Kuala Lumpur]], bilih [[Putrajaya]] dados punjering papréntahan pasekutonan. Gunggungipun padunung Malaysia langkung saking 34 yuta tiyang.<ref name="CIA Fact Book">CIA. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html The World Fact Book: Malaysia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106012832/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html |date=2019-01-06 }}. Dipunakses 5 Fèbruari 2013.</ref> Negari Malaysia dipunpisahaken ing kalih wewengkon Malaysia sisih kilèn lan Malaysia sisih wétan, dipunpisahaken déning [[Kabupatèn Natuna|Kapuloan Natuna]], wewengkon Indonésia ing [[Laut Cina Kidul]].<ref name="CIA Fact Book" /> Malaysia ingkang sisih kilèn asring sinebat [[Semenajung Malaya]]. Wewengkon Malaysia ingkang sisih wétan lan dados wewengkon ingkang paling wiyar kapérang dados kalih laladan papréntahan (satingkat provinsi), inggih punika [[Sarawak]] lan [[Sabah]]. Malaysia dipunlangkungi gugusan pagunungan ingkang panjang ing Malaysia ujung. Wewengkon Malaysia sisih kilèn kalebet wewengkon ingkang kathah padunungipun tinimbang sisih wétan. Malaysia sisih kilèn ugi dados punjering papréntahan. Malaysia sisih wétan taksih awujud laladan ingkang taksih dipunkupengi alas bawera. Kirang langkung 15 % padunung Malaysia gesang ing wewengkon punika. Malaysia wewatesan kaliyan [[Thailand]], [[Indonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]], lan [[Filipina]].<ref name="CIA Fact Book" /> Malaysia punika dados nagari perintis [[Asosiasi Bangsa Bangsa Asia Kidul Wétan|ASEAN]] lan ugi ndhèrèk ing manéka organisasi internasional, kados [[Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa|PBB]].<ref>[http://www.aseansec.org/64.htm Tinjauan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021111125204/http://www.aseansec.org/64.htm |date=2002-11-11 }}. Perhimpunan Bangsa-bangsa Asia Tenggara. Dipunakses tanggal 12 Fèbruari 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.un.org/members/list.shtml Daftar Nagara Anggota]. PBB. Dipunakses tanggal 12 Fèbruari 2013</ref> Amargi Malaysia naté dipunjajah [[Inggris]], Malaysia ugi dados anggota [[Nagara-Nagara Persemakmuran]].<ref>[http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/142227/members/ Anggota]. Sekretariat Persemakmuran. Dipunakses tanggal 12 Fèbruari 2013.</ref> Malaysia ugi dados anggota '''D-8'''.<ref>Kementerian Luar Negeri, Turki. [https://web.archive.org/web/20010816031000/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/d-8/facts.figures01.htm Fakta dan Gambar D-8]. Dipunakses ing 12 Fèbruari 2013.</ref> ==Sajarah Malaysia== Satunggalipun golongan tiyang Malayu kapanggih ing ujung Malayu kinten-kinten 2000 SM. Tiyang-tiyang kalawau gesang ing guwa ing désa-désa. Awit abad angka 8 ngantos abad ka 13 ujung Malayu dipunkuwaosi [[Karajan Sriwijaya]] saking [[Indonésia]]. Sasampunipun punika karajan Hindhu saking [[Jawa]], [[Majapahit]] dados panguwaos ing wewengkon Ujung Malayu. Ing taun 1400-an Malaysia sampun tepang kaliyan agami [[Islam]] ingkang dipunsebar sumarambah déning tiyang-tiyang saking [[Arab]]. Agami Islam sumebar kanthi saé ing Malaysia saéngga ndadosaken Malaysia minangka nagari Islam. Taun [[1511]], [[Portugis]] dhateng ing Malaysia, salajengipun kinten-kinten wonten 4 nagari saking Éropa ingkang nguwaosi wewengkon Malaysia punika. Malaysia dipunkuwaosi [[Walanda]] ing taun [[1641]], lan ing taun [[1786]] [[Inggris]] nguwaosi laladan [[Penang]]. Ing abad kaping 19 nagara inggris saged nguwoasi sadaya wewengkon Malaysia. Ing kawitanipun taun 1900, Inggris saged kasil nguwaosi wewengkon [[Sarawak]] lan [[Sabah]]. Malaysia minangka [[nagara]] pasekutonan sajatosipun dèrèng naté wonten sadèrèngipun taun 1963. Saderengipun punika, wujudipun pakempalan [[koloni]] ingkang dipunjumenengaken déning [[Karajan Manunggal]] ing pungkasaning abad kaping 18, lan Malaysia taksih awujud manéka karajan utawi praja-praja ingkang kapisah-pisah. Pakempalan wewengkon jajahan kalawau dipunsebat [[Malaya Karajan Manunggal]] ngantos dipunbibaraken ing taun 1946, nalika pakempalan punika dipundadosaken manunggal dados [[Uni Malaya]]. Amargi kathahipun tantangan, pakempalan kalawau dipun-gantos malih dades [[Federasi Malaya]] nalika taun 1948 lan salajengipun angsal kamardikan tanggal [[31 Agustus]] [[1957]].<ref name="TIME New Nation">Majalah Time. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,893616,00.html A New Nation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106015538/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,893616,00.html |date=2007-11-06 }}. 9 September 1957.</ref> Nalika tanggal [[16 September]] [[1963]] jumbuh kaliyan prosès dhékolonisasi, [[Singapura]], [[Sarawak]], [[Borneo Ler]] utawi sapunika dipunmangertosi kanthi nama Sabah gantos dados praja saking fédherasi damelan énggal ingkang namanipun Malaysia kalebet kaliyan [[Federasi Malaya]].<ref name="LOC p22">Paragraf 22. Singapura. [http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm Jalan menuju kemerdekaan]. Divisi Penelitian Federal, Kapustakan Konggrès. Seri Buku Pegangan Wewengkon/Pengkajian Nagara. Departemen Angkatan Darat Amérika Sarékat. Diakses padha 9 Dhésèmber 2006.</ref> Tanggal 9 Agustus 1965 Singapura dipunwedalaken saking fédherasi Malaysia lan dados nagari mardika kanthi nama [[Singapura|Républik Singapura]].<ref name="TIME Art">Majalah Time.[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,828327,00.html The Art of Dispelling Anxiety] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227090850/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,828327,00.html |date=2010-12-27 }}. Agustus.</ref><ref name="LOC p25">Paragraf 25. Singapura. [http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm Jalan menuju kemerdekaan]. Divisi Penelitian Federal, Kapustakan Konggrès. Seri Buku Pegangan Wewengkon/Pengkajian Nagara. Departemen Angkatan Darat Amérika Sarékat. Diakses padha 9 Dhésèmber 2006.</ref> Nalika prosès mujudaken papréntahan fédherasi ingkang énggal, wonten pasulayan saking [[Filipina]] lan [[Konfrontasi Indonésia-Malaysia]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/16/16/00030780.pdf |title=United Nations — Treaty No. 8029 |access-date=2013-02-06 |archive-date=2010-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011185953/http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/16/16/00030780.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Iklim Malaysia== Malaysia kalebet nagari ingkang caket kaliyan garis [[ekuator]] ingkang gadhah témperatur ingkang inggil. Saben dintenipun asring kraos benter, lan adhem ing wayah dalunipun. Ing wewengkon pagunungan, temperaturipun langkung adhem. ==Alam== Malaysia dados nagari prodhusèn [[tin]] paling ageng sadonya. Prodhuksi tin punika saged narik tiyang kathah minangka dados adamelanipun. Malaysia ugi ngasilaken [[Bauksit]], ingkang dipundamel dados [[Alumunium]]. Kinten-kinten 40% prodhuksi [[karèt]] donya dipunasilaken ing Malaysia. Prodhuksi karèt punika ndadosaken sapérangan kathah tiyang Malaysia nyambut damel ing indhustri karèt. Malaysia ugi dados prodhusèn wigati [[kopra]]. Sapérangan jinis [[kayu]] ingkang wonten ing Malaysia kados kayu teak, [[eboni]], lan kayu sandal. Lisah (lenga) dipunwedalaken ing [[Sarawak]]. ==Basa== Basa resmi ing Malaysia inggih punika [[Basa Malayu]]. Basa punika dipunserat nganggé seratan Arab. Basa Inggris dipunangge ing papréntahan. Ing Malaysia ugi wonten [[Basa Cina]] lan [[Basa India Kidul]] ingkang sinebat basa Tamil. ==Agama== [[File:Sultan Iskandar Mosque.jpg|thumb|Masjid Sultan Iskandar]] Sapérangan ageng padunung Malaysia punika agamanipun Islam, agami punika dipunbekta dhateng Malaysia atusan taun kapungkur déning tiyang [[Arab]]. Padunung ingkang asalipun saking [[India]] agaminipun [[Hindhu]] lan tiyang saking [[Cina]] agaminipun [[Konghucu]] utawi [[Buda]]. Sapérangan alit padunung Malaysia agaminipun [[Kristen]]. ==Pagesangan== Cara gesang modhèren padunung Malaysia saged kapanggih ing kutha-kutha ageng, nanging ing désa-désa tiyang Malaysia taksih gesang kanthi cara tradhisional. ==Ékonomi== Langkung saking sepalih padunung Malaysia nyambut damel ing babagan tetanèn. Kathah tiyang tani ingkang nyambut damel kaliyan kaluwarganipun. Saking babagan tetanèn punika Malaysia ngasilaken manéka jinis asil kados [[wos|beras]], [[kacang]], uwoh-uwohan, lan sayuran. Prodhuksi uwos punika ugi saged dipunimpor dhateng nagari sanès. Negari Malaysia ngasilaken manéka warni barang asil padamelan kagunan kreatif, kados tenun, sarung, bathik, lan sanèsipun. ==Papréntahan== Negari Malaysia kalebet nagari [[monarki konstitusional]]. Malaysia dipunpandhegani [[ratu]] ingkang asring sinebat ''"yang dipertuan agong"'' ingkang dipunpilih gangsal taun sapisan. Minangka dados pangarsaning praja, ''"yang dipertuan agong"'' gadhah hak kanggé milih [[nayakotama]] lan sadaya mantri ing kabinèt-ipun. [[Kepala nagara]] Malaysia inggih punika [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]]<ref>Yang di-Pertuan Agong limrah dipunsebat "Raja", "Kepala", utawi "yang Agung"</ref> lan pemarentahanipun dipunpimpin [[Nayakotama Malaysia|Nayakotama]].<ref>Pasal 33. Konstitusi Malaysia.</ref><ref>Pasal 43. Konstitusi Malaysia.</ref> Modhèl papréntahan Malaysia mirib kados déné [[sistem parlementer]] [[Westminster]].<ref>'''Federation of International Trade Associations'''. [http://www.fita.org/countries/malaysia.html?ma_rubrique=cadre Informasi Umum Malaysia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226105342/http://www.fita.org/countries/malaysia.html?ma_rubrique=cadre |date=2010-12-26 }}. Dipunakses 5 Fèbruari 2013.</ref> == Sumangga dipunpirsani ugi == * [[Miss Malaysia]] == Pranala njawi == {{Portal|Malaysia}} * [http://www.dromoz.com/directory/maps/ Peta Malaysia] === Cathetan suku === {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Malaysia| ]] {{stub}} nfxx52f8gw3xacdtyuc0si333ztc62q Kabupatèn Purbalingga 0 4317 1760117 1644203 2026-11-06T03:15:44Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dati2 | jeneng = Kabupatèn Purbalingga | angka BPS = | provinsi = [[Jawa Tengah]] |kutha krajan=[[Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Purbalingga]] | luas = 777.764,122 ha (2,39% luas Jawa Tengah) | penduduk = 890.779 (2007) | kepadatan = 1.343,19 | kacamatan = 18 | kalurahan = 239 |kodearea=0281 |dau=Rp. 263.393.000.000 |lambang= [[Gambar:lambang kabupatèn purbalingga.jpg|80px]] | peta = [[Gambar:Locator_kabupatèn_purbalingga.png]] | hari jadi = | apbd = |koordinat= 101°11’ – 109°35’ BW, 7°10’ – 7°29’ LK |dhasar ukum= UU No. 13/1950 |tanggal=- |bebrayan=[[Wong Jawa]] |agama=[[Islam]], [[Protèstan]], [[Katulik]], [[Hindhu]] lan [[Buda]] |bahasa=[[Basa Banyumasan]], [[Basa Jawa]] lan [[Basa Indonésia]] |motto= Prasetyaning Nayaka Amangun Praja |flora = [[Jamblang|Duwet]] |fauna = [[Jalak suren]] |zona waktu = WIB |bandar udara = |kepala daerah = [[Bupati]] |nama kepala daerah = Dyah Hayuning Pratiwi |web=http://www.purbalinggakab.go.id/ }} '''Kabupatèn Purbalingga''' iku sawijining kabupatèn ing [[Jawa Tengah]], pernahé ing sisih kulon, kutha [[Purbalingga]] iku [[kutha krajan]] kabupatèné, kutha-kutha liyané:, lan liya-liyané. Jembar wewengkon kabupatèn iki ± 777,65&nbsp;km² utawa hèktar. Wates-watese kabupatèn Purbalingga iki saka sisih Lor: [[Kabupatèn Pemalang]] Wetan: [[Kabupatèn Banjarnegara]] lan Pekalongan Kidul: Kabupatèn Banyumas lan Banjarnegara Kulon: Kabupatèn Banyumas == Sajarah == Kyai Arsantaka sing nalika isih timur asesilih Kyai Arsakusuma iku putra Bupati Onje II. Sawisé dngancik diwasa kyai Arsakusuma ninggal Kadipaten Onje nglakoni lelana menyang wétan lan saktekané désa Masaran (Saiki ing Kacamatan Bawang, Kabupatèn Banjarnegara) diangkat anak déning Kyai Wanakusuma sing isih anak keturunan Kyai Ageng Giring saka Mataram. Ing taun 1740 – 1760, Kyai Arsantaka dadi demang ing Kademangan Pagendolan (saiki kalebu wewengkon désa Masaran), sawijining wewengkon sing isih ana ing sangisoring papréntahan Karanglewas (saiki kalebu kacamatan Kutasari, Purbalingga) sing dipanggedhèni déning Tumenggung Dipayuda I. Amarga jasa Kyai Arsantaka marang Kadipaten Banyumas sajeroning perang Jenar, mula Adipati banyumas R. Tumenggung YudaNagara ngangkat putra Kyai Arsantaka sing aran Kyai Arsayuda dadi mantu. Sabanjuré Kyai Arsayuda dadi Tumenggung Karangwelas kanthi gelar Radèn Tumenggung Dipayuda III. Sabanjuré, punjer papréntahan dipiindah saka Karanglewas menyang désa Purbalingga kanthi yasa pendhapa Kabupatèn lan alun-alun. Jeneng Purbalingga iki bisa dideleng ing carita-carita babad, yaiku Babad Onje, Babad Purbalingga, Babad Banyumas lan Babad Jambukarang. Saliyané papat babad mau, bisa diurut saka arsip-arsip paninggalan Pamaréntah Hindia Walanda sing kasimpen ing koleksi Aarsip Nasional Républik Indonésia. Miturut sumber-sumber mau, mula liwat Peraturan laladan (perda) No. 15 Taun 1996 tanggal 19 Novèmber 1996, dikukuhaké dina dadi Kabupatèn Purbalingga yaiku 18 Dhésèmber 1830 utawa 3 Rajab 1246 Hijriyah utawa 3 Rajab 1758 Je.<ref>[http://www.purbalinggakab.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=93&Itemid=42 Situs web Pemkab Purbalingga] {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Géografi == Kabupatèn Purbalingga dumunung ing posisi 101°11’ – 109°35’ Bujur Wétan, lan 7°10’ – 7°29’ Lintang Kidul.<ref name="internet1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090814232703/http://my.opera.com/purbalingga/about](diundhuh tanggal 22 Maret 2011)</ref> Wates administratipe yaiku: * Sisih Lor: Kabupatèn [[Pemalang]]; * Sisih Kidul: Kabupatèn [[Banyumas]] lan [[Banjarnegara]]; * Sisih Wétan: Kabupatèn Banjarnegara. * Sisih Kulon: Kabupatèn Banyumas; Purbalingga dumunung ing cekungan sing diapit sawatara rerangkèn pagunungan. Ing sisih lor minangka rerangkèn pagunungan ([[Gunung Slamet]] lan [[Dataran Tinggi Dieng]]). Sisih kidul wujud Depresi Serayu, sing diilèni loro kali gedhé yaiku [[Kali Serayu]] lan anak kaliné, Kali Pekacangan. Kutha krajan Kabupatèn Purbalingga dumunung ing sisih kulon wewengkon kabupatèn, watara 21&nbsp;km sisih wétan [[Purwakerta]]. == Pamaréntahan == Kabupatèn Purbalingga katata sajeroning 18 [[kacamatan]], [[kalurahan]] lan [[désa]]. Kacamatan-Kacamatan ing Kabupatèn Purbalingga yaiku: * [[Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Kemangkon]] * [[Bukatéja, Purbalingga|Bukatéja]] * [[Kejobong, Purbalingga|Kejobong]] * [[Kaligondhang, Purbalingga|Kaligondhang]] * [[Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Purbalingga]] * [[Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Kalimanah]] * [[Kuthasari, Purbalingga|Kuthasari]] * [[Mrèbèt, Purbalingga|Mrèbèt]] * [[Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Bobotsari]] * [[Karangreja, Purbalingga|Karangreja]] * [[Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Karanganyar]] * [[Karangmoncol, Purbalingga|Karangmoncol]] * [[Rembang, Purbalingga|Rembang]] * [[Bojongsari, Purbalingga|Bojongsari]] * [[Padhamara, Purbalingga|Padhamara]] * [[Pengadegan, Purbalingga|Pengadegan]] * [[Karangjambu, Purbalingga|Karangjambu]] * [[Kertanegara, Purbalingga|Kertanegara]] == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Deleng uga == * [[Pratélan kabupatèn lan kutha ing Indonésia]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.purbalingga.go.id Situs Web Resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205011933/http://purbalingga.go.id/ |date=2006-12-05 }} {{Kabupatèn Purbalingga}} {{Jawa Tengah}} [[Kategori:Pratélan Daerah Tingkat II]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn ing Jawa Tengah|Purbalingga]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Purbalingga]] {{indo-geo-stub}} myqj6sz0dbdr4pqjt1rc9v8xb08u3ma Kalkulus 0 4330 1760132 1730577 2026-11-06T03:49:52Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{calculus}} '''Kalkulus''' ([[basa Latin]]: ''calculus'', tegesé "watu cilik", kanggo ngétung) iku cabang èlmu [[matématika]] kang nyakup [[limit]], [[turunan]], [[integral]], lan [[0,999...#Dhèrèt lan barisan ora kakira étungané|dhèrèt ora kakira étungané]]. Kalkulus iku èlmu ngenani owah-owahan, kaya déné [[géometri]] iku èlmu ngenani wangun lan [[aljabar]] iku èlmu ngenani panggarapkan kanggo mecahaké pepadhan sarta aplikasiné. Kalkulus dikembangké saka [[aljabar]] lan [[geometri]]. Kalkulus mligi nyinaoni kang ana gayutané karo laju utawa tingkat pagerakan, misalé [[percepatan]], [[kurva]], lan [[kamiringan]]. Kalkulus duwé aplikasi kang wiyar sajeroning babagan-babagan [[èlmu|sains]], [[ékonomi]], lan [[tèhnik]]; sarta bisa mecahaké manéka masalah kang ora bisa dipecahaké mawa [[aljabar èlemèntèr]]. Dhasar kalkulus yaiku [[turunan]], [[integral]], lan [[limit]]. Salah siji tujuan utama perkembangan kalkulus yaiku kanggo pamecahan masalah [[garis singgung]]. Kalkulus duwé rong cabang utama, '''[[kalkulus diferensial]]''' lan '''[[integral|kalkulus integral]]''' kang silih gegandhèngan liwat [[téoréma dhasar kalkulus]]. Pelajaran kalkulus iku lawang gerbang nuju wulangan matématika liyané kang luwih dhuwur, kang mirunggan nyinaoni [[fungsi (matématika)|fungsi]] lan [[limit]], kang kanthi umum dijenengi [[analisis matématika]]. Perkembangan kalkulus mligi dijurung déning [[Archimedes]], [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]], [[Isaac Newton|Newton]], [[Isaac Barrow|Barrow]], [[René Descartes|Descartes]], [[Pierre de Fermat|de Fermat]], [[Christian Huygens|Huygens]], lan [[John Wallis|Wallis]]. ==Sajarah== [[Gambar:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Sir [[Isaac Newton]]'' iku panemu lan kontributor kalkulus kang misuwur.]] [[Gambar:Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''[[Gottfried Leibniz|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]]'' ing awalé ditutuh njiplak saka asil makarya Sir Isaac Newton kang ora dipublikasikaké, nanging saiki dianggep kontributor kalkulus kang asil kerjané dilakokaké kanthi kapisah.]] ===Perkembangan=== {{main|Sajarah kalkulus}} Sajarah perkembangan kalkulus bisa dideleng ing sapérangan périodhe jaman, yaiku [[abad Kuna|jaman kuna]], [[abad Patengahan|jaman patengahan]], lan [[jaman modhèren]]. Ing périodhe jaman kuna, sapérangan pamikiran ngenani kalkulus integral wis mijil, nanging ora dikembangaké kanthi becik lan sistematis. Pangétungan [[volume]] lan wiyar kang wujud fungsi utama saka kalkulus integral bisa ditlusuri manèh ing [[Papirus Matématika Moskwa|Papirus Moskwa]] [[Mesir]] (c. 1800 SM). Ing papirus mau, wong [[Mesir]] wis bisa ngétung volume [[piramid]]a kapancung.<ref name="Aslaksen">Helmer Aslaksen. [http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/calculus.html Why Calculus?] [[Universitas Nasional Singapura|National University of Singapore]].</ref> [[Archimedes]] ngembangaké pamikiran iki luwih adoh lan ngripta [[heuristik]] kang mèmper [[integral|kalkulus integral]].<ref>Archimedes, ''Method'', in ''The Works of Archimedes'' ISBN 978-0-521-66160-7</ref> Nalika jaman patengahan, matématikawan [[India]], [[Aryabhata]], migunakaké konsèp cilik ora kaétung nalika taun [[499]] lan ngèksprèsikaké masalah [[astronomi]] sajeroning wangun [[pepadhan diferensial]] dhasar.<ref>[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Aryabhata_I.html Aryabhata the Elder]</ref> Pepadhan iki banjur ngeteraké [[Bhāskara II]] ing abad angka 12 kanggo ngembangaké wangun awal [[turunan]] kang makili owah-owahan kang cilik banget ora kaétung lan njelasaké wangun awal saka "[[Téoréma Rolle]]".<ref>Ian G. Pearce. [http://turnbull.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Projects/Pearce/Chapters/Ch8_5.html Bhaskaracharya II.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901092504/http://turnbull.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Projects/Pearce/Chapters/Ch8_5.html |date=2016-09-01 }}</ref> Watara taun [[1000]], matématikawan [[Irak]] [[Ibnu Haitham|Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhazen) dadi wong pisanan kang ngedhunaké rumus pangétungan asil gunggung pangkat papat, lan kanthi migunakaké [[indhuksi matématika]], panjenengané ngembangaké siji métodhe kanggo ngedhunaké rumus umum saka asil pangkat integral kang wigati banget marang perkembangan kalkulus integral.<ref>Victor J. Katz (1995). "Ideas of Calculus in Islam and India", ''Mathematics Magazine'' '''68''' (3), pp. 163-174.</ref> Nalika abad angka 12, siji wong [[Pèrsi]] [[Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi]] nemu [[turunan]] saka [[fungsi kubik]], siji asil kang wigati sajeroning kalkulus diferensial.<ref>J. L. Berggren (1990). "Innovation and Tradition in Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi's Muadalat", ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'' '''110''' (2), pp. 304-309.</ref> Nalika abad angka 14, [[Madhava saka Sangamagrama|Madhava]], bebarengan karo matématikawan-astronom saka [[madahab astronomi lan matématika Kerala]], njelasaké kasus mirunggan saka [[dhèrèt Taylor]]<ref name="madhava">{{cite web | publisher=School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland | work=Biography of Madhava | url=http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Madhava.html | title=Madhava | accessdate=2006-09-13 | archive-date=2006-05-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514012903/http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Madhava.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>, kang ditulisaké sajeroning tèks ''[[Yuktibhasa]]''.<ref name="scotlnd">{{cite web | publisher=School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland | work=Indian Maths |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Indian_mathematics.html | title=An overview of Indian mathematics | accessdate=2006-07-07 }} </ref><ref name="pdffile3">{{cite web | publisher=Prof.C.G.Ramachandran Nair | work=Government of Kerala — Kerala Call, September 2004 | url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/keralcallsep04/p22-24.pdf | title=Science and technology in free India | accessdate=2006-07-09 | archive-date=2006-08-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821195309/http://www.kerala.gov.in/keralcallsep04/p22-24.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="charles">{{cite book | author =Charles Whish | year = 1835 | title = Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland | publisher = }} </ref> Ing jaman modhèren, panemon indhepèndhen dumadi nalika awal abad angka 17 ing Jepang déning matématikawan kaya déné [[Seki Kōwa|Seki Kowa]]. Ing Éropah, sapérangan matématikawan kaya déné [[John Wallis]] lan [[Isaac Barrow]] mènèhaké terobosan sajeroning kalkulus. [[James Gregory]] mbuktèkaké siji kasus mirunggan saka [[téoréma dhasar kalkulus]] nalika taun 1668. [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]] lan [[Isaac Newton|Newton]] nyurung pamikiran-pamikiran iki bebarengan minangka siji kamanunggalan lan kaloro èlmuwan mau dianggep panemu kalkulus kanthi kapisah ing sajeroning wektu kang mèh bebarengan. Newton ngaplikasikaké kalkulus kanthi umum menyang babagan [[fisika]] sauntara Leibniz ngembangaké notasi-notasi kalkulus kang akèh dipigunakaké saiki. Nalika Newton lan Leibniz mublikasikaké asilé kanggo sepisanané, mijil kontrovèrsi ing antarané matématikawan ngenani endi kang luwih patut kanggo nampa bebungah marang kerjané. Newton ngedhunaké asil kerjané luwih dhisik, nanging Leibniz kang pisanan mublikasikaké. Newton nutuh Leibniz nyolong pamikirané saka cathetan-cathetan kang ora dipublikasikaké, kang asring disilihaké Newton marang sapérangan anggota saka [[Royal Society]]. Pamriksan kanthi princi nuduhaké yèn kaloroné nyambut gawé kanthi kapisah, kanthi Leibniz miwiti saka integral lan Newton saka turunan. Saiki, Newton lan Leibniz diwènèhi bebungah sajeroning ngembangaké kalkulus kanthi kapisah. Leibniz kang mènèhi jeneng marang èlmu cabang matématika iki minangka kalkulus, sauntara Newton njenengi "The science of fluxions". Wiwit wektu iku, akèh matématikawan kang mènèhaké kontribusi marang pangembangan luwih lanjut saka kalkulus. Kalkulus dadi topik kang umum banget ing SMA lan universitas jaman modhèren. Matématikawan saindhenging donya terus mènèhaké kontribusi marang perkembangan kalkulus.<ref>[[Organisasi Wiyata, Widya, dan Kebudayaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|UNESCO]]-World Data on Education [http://nt5.scbbs.com/cgi-bin/om isapi.dll?clientID=137079235&infobase=iwde.nfo&softpage=PL frame]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> ===Prabawa wigati=== Sanajan sapérangan konsèp kalkulus wis dikembangaké luwih dhisik ing [[Mesir]], [[Yunani]], [[Tiongkok]], [[India]], [[Iraq]], [[Pèrsi]], lan [[Jepang]], panggunaaan kalkulus modhèren diwiwiti ing [[Éropah]] nalika abad angka 17 wektu [[Isaac Newton]] lan [[Gottfried Leibniz|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]] ngembangaké prinsip dhasar kalkulus. Asil kerjané banjur mènèhi prabawa kang kuwat marang perkembangan [[fisika]]. Aplikasi kalkulus diferensial ngambah pangétungan [[karikatan]] lan [[percepatan]], [[kamiringan]] siji kurva, lan optimalisasi. Aplikasi saka kalkulus integral ngambah pangétungan [[wiyar]], [[volume]], [[dawa busur]], [[punjer massa]], [[makarya]], lan [[tekanan]]. Aplikasi luwih adoh ngambah [[dhèrèt pangkat]] lan [[dhèrèt Fourier]]. Kalkulus uga kanggo éntuk pamahaman kang luwih rinci ngenani ruwang, wektu, lan obah (''obah''). Sakwéné maabad-abad, para matématikawan lan [[Filsafat|filsuf]] ngupaya mecahaké paradhoks kang ngambah pambagian wilangan karo nol utawa uga gunggung saka dhèrèt ora kaétung. Sawijining filsuf Yunani kuna mènèhaké sapérangan conto misuwur kaya déné [[paradhoks Zeno]]. Kalkulus mènèhaké solusi, mligi ing babagan limit lan dhèrèt ora kaétung, kang banjur kasil mecahaké paradhoks mau. ==Prinsip-prinsip dhasar== ===Limit lan cilik ora kakira étungané=== {{main|Limit}} [[Gambar:Límite 01.svg|thumb|300px|Dhéfinisi limit: ditélakaké yèn limit f(x) nalika x nyeraki titik p iku L yèn kanggo saben wilangan ε > 0 apa waé, ana wilangan δ > 0, samengkono rupané: <math> 0 < |x-p| <\delta \Rightarrow |f(x)-L|<\epsilon </math>]] Kalkulus lumrahé dikembangaké kanthi manipulasi sapérangan kuantitas kang cilik banget. Objèk iki, kang bisa dilakokaké minangka angka, iku cilik banget. Sawijining wilangan ''dx'' kang ciliké ora kakira étungané bisa luwih gedhé tinimbang 0, nanging luwih cilik tinimbang wilangan apa waé ing dhèrèt 1, ½, ⅓,... lan wilangan réal positif apa waé. Saben pangepingan karo cilik ora kakira étungané (infinitesimal) tetepa cilik ora kakira étungané, mawa tembung liya cilik ora kakira étungané ora nyukupi [[properti Archimedes]]. Saka pandelengan iki, kalkulus iku sakumpulan tèhnik kanggo manipulasi cilik ora kakira étungané. Nalika abad angka 19, konsèp cilik ora kakira étungané iki ditinggalaké amarga ora cukup tliti, suwaliké konsèp iki digantèkaké déning konsèp [[limit]]. Limit njelasaké pangaji siji fungsi ing pangaji input tinentu kanthi asil saka pangaji input paling cerak. Saka pandelengan iki, kalkulus iku sakumpulan tèhnik manipulasi limit-limit tinentu. Sacara tliti, dhéfinisi limit siji fungsi yaiku: <blockquote class="toccolours" style="text-align:justify; width:50%; float:center; padding: 10px; display:table; margin-left:80px;"> Diwènèhaké fungsi ''f(x)'' kang kadhéfinisikaké ing interval ing saubengé p, kajaba mungkin ing p iku dhéwé. Awaké dhéwé nelakaké yèn '''limit ''f(x)'' nalika x nyeraki p iku L''', lan nulisaké: :<math>\lim_{x \to p}{f(x)}=L</math> yèn, kanggo saben wilangan ε > 0, ana wilangan δ > 0 kang silih korèspondhèn karo dhèwèké samengkono rupané kanggo saben x: :<math> 0 < |x-p| <\delta \Rightarrow |f(x)-L|<\epsilon \,</math> </blockquote> ===Turunan=== {{main|Turunan}} [[Gambar:Derivative.svg|thumb|250px|right|Grafik fungsi turunan.]] Turunan saka siji fungsi makili owah-owahan kang cilik banget saka fungsi mau marang variabelé. Prosès nemu turunan saka siji fungsi diarani pandiferensialan utawa uga diferensiasi. Sacara matématis, turunan fungsi ƒ(x) marang variabel x iku ƒ′ kang pangajiné ing titik x yaiku: :<math>f'(x)=\lim_{h \to 0}{f(x+h) - f(x)\over{h}}</math> , kanthi sarat limit mau èksis. Yèn ƒ′ èksis ing titik x tinentu, awaké dhéwé bisa nélakaké yèn ƒ kadiferensialaké (duwé turunan) ing x, lan yèn ƒ′ èksis ing saben titik ing domain ƒ, awaké dhéwé sebut ƒ kadiferensialaké. Yèn ''z'' = ''x'' + ''h'', ''h'' = ''x''-''z'', lan ''h'' nyeraki 0 yèn lan mung yèn ''z'' nyeraki ''x'', mula dhéfinisi turunan ing ndhuwur bisa uga ditulis minangka: :<math>f'(x)=\lim_{z \to x}{f(z) - f(x)\over{z-x}}</math> [[Gambar:Tangent derivative calculusdia.jpeg|thumb|250px|right|Garis singgung ing (''x'', ''f''(''x'')). Turunan ''f'''(''x'') siji kurva ing siji titik yaiku kamiringan saka garis singgung kang nyinggung kurva ing titik mau.]] Gatèkna manawa èksprèsi <math>{f(x+h) - f(x)\over{h}}</math> ing dhéfinisi turunan ing ndhuwur wujud gradièn saka garis sekan kang ngliwati titik (''x'',ƒ(x)) lan (''x''+''h'',ƒ(x)) ing kurva ƒ(x). Manawa awaké dhéwé njupuk limit ''h'' nyeraki 0, mula awaké dhéwé bakal éntuk kamiringan saka garis singgung kang nyinggung kurva ƒ(x) ing titik x. Iki ateges uga garis singgung siji kurva wujud limit saka garis sekan, semono uga turunan saka siji fungsi ƒ(x) wujud gradièn saka fungsi mau. Minangka conto, kanggo nemu gradièn saka fungsi <math>f(x)=x^2</math> ing titik (3,9): :<math> \begin{align} f'(3)&=\lim_{h \to 0}{(3+h)^2 - 9\over{h}} \\ &=\lim_{h \to 0}{9 + 6h + h^2 - 9\over{h}} \\ &=\lim_{h \to 0}{6h + h^2\over{h}} \\ &=\lim_{h \to 0} (6 + h) \\ &= 6 \end{align} </math> Èlmu kang nyinaoni dhéfinisi, properti, lan aplikasi saka [[turunan]] utawa [[kamiringan]] saka siji grafik diarani [[kalkulus diferensial]] [[Gambar:Sec2tan.gif|thumb|250px|Garis singgung minangka limit saka garis sekan. Turunan saka kurva ''f''(''x'') ing siji titik yaiku kamiringan saka garis singgung kang nyinggung kurva ing titik mau. Kamiringan iki ditemtokaké kanthi migunakaké pangaji limit saka kamiringan garis sekan.]] ====Notasi pandhiferènsialan==== Ana manéka jinis notasi matématika kang bisa kanggo nélakaké turunan, ngambah [[notasi Leibniz]], notasi Lagrange, [[notasi Newton]], lan notasi Euler. '''Notasi Leibniz''' ditepungaké déning [[Gottfried Leibniz]] lan wujud salah siji notasi kang paling awal digunakaké. Iki asring digunakaké mligi nalika gegandhèngan antar ''y'' = ƒ(x) dideleng minangka gegandhèngan fungsional antarané variabel bébas karo variabel kaiket. Turunan saka fungsi mau marang x ditulis minangka: : <math>\frac{dy}{dx},\quad\frac{d f}{dx}(x),</math>  utawa uga  <math>\frac{d}{dx}f(x).</math> '''Notasi Lagrange''' ditepungaké déning [[Joseph-Louis de Lagrange|Joseph Louis Lagrange]] lan wujud notasi kang paling asring digunakaké. Sajeroning notasi iki, turunan fungsi ƒ(''x'') ditulis minangka ƒ′(''x'') utawa uga mung ƒ′. '''Notasi Newton''', uga diarani notasi titik, mapanaké titik ing sandhuwuré fungsi kanggo nengeri turunan. Yèn ''y'' = ''ƒ''(''t''), mula <math>\dot{y}</math> makili turunan ''y'' marang ''t''. Notasi iki mèh kanthi èksklusif kanggo nglambangaké turunan marang wektu. Notasi iki asring katon sajeroning babagan [[fisika]] lan babagan matématika kang gegandhèngan karo fisika. '''Notasi [[Leonhard Euler|Euler]]''' migunakaké operator diferensial ''D'' kang ditrapaké ing fungsi ''ƒ'' kanggo mènèhaké turunan pisanané ''Df''. Yèn ''y'' = ''ƒ''(''x'') iku variabel kaiket, mula asring ''x'' dilekataké marang ''D'' kanggo nglarifikasikaké kabébasan variabel ''x''. Notasi Euler banjur ditulis minangka: :<math>D_x y\,</math>   atau   <math>D_x f(x)\,</math>. Notasi Euler iki asring digunakaké sajeroning ngrampungaké [[pepadhan diferensial linear]]. {| class=prettytable |- ! ! align="center"|Notasi Leibniz ! align="center"|Notasi Lagrange ! align="center"|Notasi Newton ! align="center"|Notasi Euler |-align=center ||'''Turunan ƒ(''x'') marang ''x'''''||<math>\frac{d}{dx}f(x)</math>||ƒ′(''x'')||<math>\dot{y}</math><br /> kanthi ''y'' = ''ƒ''(''x'')||<math>D_x f(x)\,</math> |} {{clear}} ===Integral=== {{main|Integral}} [[Gambar:Integral as region under curve.svg|right|thumb|250px|Integral bisa dianggep pétungan wiyar laladan ing ngisor kurva ''ƒ''(''x''), antara loro titik ''a'' lan ''b''.]] Integral wujud siji objèk matématika kang bisa diinterpretasikaké minangka wiyar wewengkon utawa uga generalisasi siji wewengkon. Prosès nemu integral siji fungsi diarani pangintegralan utawa uga integrasi. Integral dipérang dadi loro, yaiku: integral tinentu lan integral ora tentu. Notasi matématika kang kanggo nélakaké integral yaiku <math>\int \,</math>, kaya ta huruf S kang manjang (S singkatan saka ''"Sum"'' kang tegesé panggunggungan). ====Integral tinentu==== Diwènèhaké siji fungsi ''ƒ'' mawa variabel réal ''x'' lan interval antara [a, b] ing garis réal, '''integral tinentu''': : <math>\int_a^b f(x)\,dx \, ,</math> kanthi informal didhèfinisikaké minangka wiyar wewengkon ing babagan xy kang diwatesi déning kurva grafik ''ƒ'', sumbu-x, lan garis vèrtikal ''x'' = ''a'' lan ''x'' = ''b''. Ing notasi integral ing ndhuwur: ''a'' iku ''wates ngisor'' lan ''b'' iku ''wates ndhuwur'' kang nemtokaké domain pangintegralan, ''ƒ'' yaiku integran kang bakal diévaluasi marang ''x'' ing interval [a,b], lan ''dx'' wujud variabel pangintegralan. [[Gambar:Riemann.gif|thumb|250px|right|Bebarengan karo saya akèhé subinterval lan saya ciuté amba subinterval kang dijupuk, wiyar sakabèhing batangan bakal saya nyeraki wiyar laladan ing ngisor kurva.]] Ana manéka jinis pandhefinisian formal integral tinentu, nanging kang paling umum digunakaké yaiku dhefinisi [[integral Riemann]]. Integral Rieman didhèfinisikaké minangka limit saka [[panggunggungan Riemann]]. Upamané awaké dhéwé arep golèk wiyar laladan kang diwatesi déning fungsi ''ƒ'' ing interval katutup [''a'',''b'']. Nalika nggolèki wiyar laladan mau, interval [''a'',''b''] bisa dipérang dadi akèh subinterval kang ambané ora kudu padha, lan awaké dhéwé milih sapérangan ''n''-1 titik {''x''<sub>1</sub>, ''x''<sub>2</sub>, ''x''<sub>3</sub>,..., ''x''<sub>n-1</sub>} antara a karo b saéngga njangkepi gegandhèngan: ::<math> a = x_0 \le x_1 \le x_2 \le \cdots \le x_{n-1} \le x_n = b . \,\!</math> Himpunan <math> P = \{x_0, x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_{n-1}, x_n\}\,</math> iku ingaran minangka '''partisi''' [''a'',''b''], kang mbagi [''a'',''b''] dadi sapérangan ''n'' subinterval <math> [x_0, x_1], [x_1,x_2], \ldots, [x_{n-1}, x_n] </math>. Amba subinterval pisanan [''x''<sub>0</sub>,''x''<sub>1</sub>] dinyatakaké minangka Δ''x''<sub>1</sub>, mangkono uga amba subinterval angka ''i'' dinyatakaké minangka Δ''x''<sub>i</sub> = ''x''<sub>''i''</sub>-''x''<sub>''i''-1</sub>. Ing saben subinterval iki dipilih siji titik sembarang lan ing subinterval angka ''i'' mau dipilih titik sembarang t<sub>i</sub>. Mula ing saben subinterval bakal ana batangan pasagi dawa kang ambané Δ''x'' lan dhuwuré wiwit saka sumbu ''x'' tekan titik (''t''<sub>i</sub>, ''ƒ''(''t''<sub>i</sub>)) ing kurva. Yèn awaké dhéwé ngétung wiyar saben batangan mau kanthi ngepingaké ''ƒ''(''t''<sub>i</sub>)· Δ''x''<sub>i</sub> lan nggunggungaké sakabèhing wiyar laladan batangan mau, awaké dhéwé bakal éntuk: :<math>S_p = \sum_{i=1}^{n} f(t_i) \Delta x_i </math> Panggunggungan ''S''<sub>''p''</sub> diarani '''panggunggungan Riemann kanggo ''ƒ'' ing interval [''a'',''b''].''' Gatèkna yèn saya cilik subinterval partisi kang dijupuk, asil panggunggungan Riemann iki bakal saya nyeraki pangaji wiyar laladan kang dipénginaké. Yèn awaké dhéwé njupuk limit saka norma partisi <math>\lVert P \rVert</math> nyeraki nol, mula awaké dhéwé bakal éntuk wiyar laladan mau. Sacara tliti, dhéfinisi integral tinentu minangka limit saka panggunggungan Riemann yaiku: <blockquote class="toccolours" style="text-align:justify; width:80%; float:center; padding: 10px; display:table; margin-left:80px;"> Diwènèhaké ''ƒ''(''x'') minangka fungsi kang kadhéfinisikaké ing interval katutup [''a'',''b'']. Ditélakaké yèn wilangan ''I'' iku '''integral tinentu''' ''ƒ'' ing sadawané [''a'',''b''] lan yèn ''I'' iku limit saka panggunggungan Riemann <math>\sum_{i=1}^{n} f(t_i) \Delta x_i </math> ing kaanan: Kanggo saben wilangan ε > 0 apa waé ana siji wilangan δ > 0 kang silih korèspondhènsi karo dhèwèké <!--sedemikian rupanya--> kanggo saben partisi <math>P = \{ x_0, x_1, \ldots, x_n \}</math> ing sadawané [''a'',''b''] kanthi <math>\lVert P \rVert < \delta </math> lan pilihan ''t''<sub>''i''</sub> apa waé ing [''x''<sub>''k''-1</sub>, ''t''<sub>''i''</sub>], awaké dhéwé éntuk ::<math>\left|\sum_{i=1}^{n} f(t_i)\Delta x_i - I \right| < \epsilon.</math> </blockquote> Sacara matématis bisa ditulisaké: :<math>\lim_{\lVert P \rVert \to 0}\sum_{i=1}^n f(t_i) \Delta x_i = I = \int_a^b f(x)\,dx</math> Yèn saben partisi duwé sapérangan ''n'' subinterval kang padha, mula amba Δ''x'' = (''b''-''a'')/n, saéngga pepadhan ing ndhuwur bisa uga ditulis minangka: :<math>\lim_{n \to \infty}\sum_{i=1}^n f(t_i) \Delta x = I = \int_a^b f(x)\,dx</math> Limit iki mesthi dijupuk nalika norma partisi nyeraki nol lan gunggung subinterval kang ana nyraki ora kaétung akèhé. ;'''Conto''' Minangka conto, yèn awaké dhéwé arep ngétung integral tinentu <math>\int_0^b x\, dx</math>, yaiku golèk wiyar laladan ''A'' ing sangisoré kurva ''y''=''x'' ing interval [0,''b''], ''b''>0, mula pangétungan integral tinentu <math>\int_0^b x\, dx</math> minangka limit saka panggunggungan Riemanné yaiku <math>\lim_{\lVert P \rVert \to 0}\sum_{i=1}^n f(t_i) \Delta x_i</math> Pamilihan partisi utawa titik ''t''<sub>''i''</sub> kanthi sembarang bakal ngasilaké pangaji kang padha sadawané norma partisi mau nyeraki nol. Yèn awaké dhéwé milih partisi ''P'' mbagi-bagi interval [0,''b''] dadi n subinterval kang ambané padha Δ''x'' = (''b''-0)/''n'' = ''b''/''n'' lan titik ''t'''<sub>''i''</sub> kang dipilih yaiku titik akir kiwa saben subinterval, partisi kang diéntuki awaké dhéwé yaiku: :<math> P = \{0, \frac{b}{n}, \frac{2b}{n}, \frac{3b}{n}, \ldots, \frac{nb}{n}\}</math> lan <math>t_i = \frac{ib}{n}</math>, saéngga: :<math>\begin{align} \int_0^b f(x)\, dx &= \lim_{n \to \infty}\sum_{i=1}^n f(t_i) \Delta x\\ &= \lim_{n \to \infty}\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{ib}{n}.\frac{b}{n} \\ &= \lim_{n \to \infty}\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{ib^2}{n^2} \\ &= \lim_{n \to \infty}\frac {b^2}{n^2}\sum_{i=1}^n i \\ &= \lim_{n \to \infty}\frac {b^2}{n^2} . \frac{n(n+1)}{2}\\ &= \lim_{n \to \infty}\frac {b^2}{2} (1+\frac{1}{n}) \\ \end{align}</math> Bebarengan karo ''n'' nyeraki ora kaétung lan norma partisi <math>\lVert P \rVert</math> nyeraki 0, mula diéntuki: :<math>\int_0^b f(x)\, dx = A = \frac {b^2}{2} </math> Sajeroning praktèké, panrapan dhéfinisi integral tinentu nalika nggolèki pangaji integral tinentu mau arang banget digunakaké amarga ora praktis. [[Kalkulus#Téoréma dhasar|Téoréma dhasar kalkulus]] ([[Kalkulus#Téoréma dhasar|delengen pérangan ngisor)]] mènèhaké cara kang luwih praktis sajeroning panggolèkan pangaji integral tinentu. ====Integral ora tentu==== Nalika integral tinentu iku wilangan kang gedhéné ditemtokaké kanthi njupuk limit gunggungan Riemann, kang diasosiasikaké kanthi partisi interval katutup kang norma partisiné nyeraki nol, [[téoréma dhasar kalkulus]] ([[Kalkulus#téoréma dhasar kalkulus|delengen pérangan ngisor]]) nélakaké yèn integral tinentu siji fungsi kontinu bisa diétung kanthi gampang yèn awaké dhéwé bisa golèk antiturunan/antiderivatif fungsi mau. <blockquote class="toccolours" style="text-align:justify; width:80%; float:center; padding: 10px; display:table; margin-left:80px;"> Yèn :<math>F'\!(x) =\frac {d}{dx} F(x) = f(x).</math> Sakabèhing hmpunan '''antiturunan'''/'''antiderivatif''' siji fungsi ''ƒ'' iku '''integral ora tentu''' utawa uga '''primitif''' saka ''ƒ'' marang x lan ditulisaké kanthi matématis minangka: :<math>\int f(x) dx = F(x) + C</math> </blockquote> Èksprèsi ''F(x) + C'' iku '''antiderivatif umum''' ''ƒ'' lan ''C'' iku konstanta sembarang. Upamané ana siji fungsi <math>f(x) = x^2</math>, mula integral ora tentu utawa uga antiturunan saka fungsi mau yaiku: :<math>\int x^2 dx = \frac{1}{3} x^3 + C</math> Gateèkna yèn integral tinentu béda karo integral ora tentu. Integral tinentu sajeroning wangun <math>\int_a^b f(x) dx </math> iku wilangan, nalika integral ora tentu:<math>\int f(x) dx </math> iku fungsi kang duwé tambahan konstanta sembarang ''C''. ===Téoréma dhasar=== {{Main|Téoréma dhasar kalkulus}} Téoréma dhasar kalkulus nélakaké yèn turunan lan integral iku rong operasi kang silih adu arep. Luwih tepaté, téoréma iki nggandhèngaké pangaji saka anti derivatif karo integral tinentu. Amarga luwih gampang ngétung siji anti derivatif tinimbang nerapaké dhéfinisi integral tinentu, téoréma dhasar kalkulus mènèhi cara kang praktis sajeroning ngétung integral tinentu. Téoréma dhasar kalkulus nélakaké: <blockquote class="toccolours" style="text-align:justify; width:80%; float:center; padding: 10px; display:table; margin-left:80px;"> Yèn siji fungsi ''f'' iku [[Fungsi kontinu|kontinu]] ing interval [''a'',''b''] lan yèn ''F'' iku fungsi kang ing ngendi turunané iku ''f'' ing interval (''a'',''b''), mula :<math>\int_{a}^{b} f(x)\,dx = F(b) - F(a).</math> Luwih lanjut, kanggo saben ''x'' ing interval (''a'',''b''), :<math>F'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}\int_a^x f(t)\, dt = f(x).</math></blockquote> Minangka contoné yèn awaké dhéwé arep ngétung pangaji integral <math>\int_a^b x\, dx</math>, tinimbang migunakaké dhéfinisi integral tinentu minangka limit saka gunggung Riemann ([[kalkulus#integral tinentu|delengen pérangan ndhuwur]]), awaké dhéwé bisa migunakaké téoréma dhasar kalkulus kanggo ngétung pangaji integral mau. Anti derivatif saka fungsi <math>f(x)= x\, </math> iku <math>F(x)= \frac{1}{2} x^2 + C</math>. Mula saka iku, selaras karo téoréma dhasar kalkulus, pangaji saka integral tinentu <math>\int_a^b x \,dx</math> yaiku: :<math>\begin{align} \int_{a}^{b} x\,dx &= F(b) - F(a) \\ &= \frac{1}{2} b^2 - \frac{1}{2} a^2 \\ \end{align}</math> Yèn awaké dhéwé arep golèk wiyar laladan A sangisoré kurva y=x ing interval [0,b], b>0, mula awaké dhéwé bakal éntuk: :<math>\int_{0}^{b} x\,dx = \frac {b^2}{2} </math> Gatekna yèn asil kang diéntuk awaké dhéwé kanthi migunakaké téoréma dhasar kalkulus iki padha karo asil kang diéntuk kanthi nerapaké dhefinisi integral tinentu ([[kalkulus#integral tinentu|delengen pérangan dhuwur]]). Amarga luwih praktis, téoréma dhasar kalkulus asring kanggo golèk pangaji integral tinentu. ==Aplikasi== [[Gambar:NautilusCutawayLogarithmicSpiral.jpg|thumb|right|Pola spiral logaritma cangkok Nautilus wujud conto klasik kanggo nggambaraké perkembangan lan owah-owahan kang magepokan karo kalkulus.]] Kalkulus digunakaké ing saben cabang sains fisik, sains komputer, [[statistika|statistik]], [[tèhnik]], [[ékonomi]], [[bisnis]], [[kadhokteran]], [[démografi|kapendhudhukan]], lan ing babagan-babagan liyané. Saben konsèp ing [[mékanika klasik]] silih magepokan liwat kalkulus. [[Massa]] saka siji bandha karo [[massa jinis]] kang ora dikawruhi, [[momen inersia]] saka siji objèk, lan total ènèrgi saka siji objèk bisa ditemtokaké kanthi migunakaké kalkulus. Sajeroning subdhisiplin [[listrik]] lan [[magnètisme]], kalkulus bisa kanggo nggolèki total [[fluks]] saka siji [[médhan èlèktromagnètik]]. Conto historis liyané yaiku panggunaan kalkulus ing [[ukum obah Newton]], ditélakaké minangka ''laju owah-owahan'' kang ngrujuk menyang turunan: '''Laju owah-owahan''' ''momèntum saka siji bandha yaiku padha karo résultan gaya kang makarya ing bandha mau kanthi arah kang padha.'' Malah rumus umum saka ukum kaloro Newton: Gaya&nbsp;=&nbsp;Massa&nbsp;×&nbsp;Percepatan, migunakaké parumusan kalkulus difèrènsial amarga percepatan bisa ditélakaké minangka turunan saka karikatan. [[Pepadhan Maxwell|Téyori èlèktromagnètik Maxwell]] lan téyori rélativitas [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]] uga dirumusaké migunakaké kalkulus difèrènsial. ==Réferènsi== ===Sumber=== {{Reflist|2}} ===Pratélan pustaka=== * Donald A. McQuarrie (2003). ''Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers'', University Science Books. ISBN 978-1-891389-24-5 * James Stewart (2002). ''Calculus: Early Transcendentals'', 5th ed., Brooks Cole. ISBN 978-0-534-39321-2 ==Sumber liya== ===Wacan terusan=== <!-- Please use APA style; it's a lot easier for it to stay universally readable. --> * Robert A. Adams. (1999) ISBN 978-0-201-39607-2 ''Calculus: A complete course''. * Albers, Donald J.; Richard D. Anderson and Don O. Loftsgaarden, ed. (1986) ''Undergraduate Programs in the Mathematics and Computer Sciences: The 1985-1986 Survey'', Mathematical Association of America No. 7, * John L. Bell: ''A Primer of Infinitesimal Analysis'', Cambridge University Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-521-62401-5. * Florian Cajori, "The History of Notations of the Calculus." ''Annals of Mathematics'', 2nd Ser., Vol. 25, No. 1 (Sep., 1923), pp. 1-46. * Leonid P. Lebedev and Michael J. Cloud: "Approximating Perfection: a Mathematician's Journey into the World of Mechanics, Ch. 1: The Tools of Calculus", Princeton Univ. Press, 2004 * Cliff Pickover. (2003) ISBN 978-0-471-26987-8 ''Calculus and Pizza: A Math Cookbook for the Hungry Mind''. * Michael Spivak. (Sept 1994) ISBN 978-0-914098-89-8'' Calculus''. Publish or Perish publishing. * Silvanus P. Thompson dan Martin Gardner. (1998) ISBN 978-0-312-18548-0 ''Calculus Made Easy''. * Mathematical Association of America. (1988) ''Calculus for a New Century; A Pump, Not a Filter'', The Association, Stony Brook, NY. ED 300 252. * Thomas/Finney. (1996) ISBN 978-0-201-53174-9 ''Calculus and Analytic geometry 9th'', Addison Wesley. * Weisstein, Eric W. [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SecondFundamentalTheoremofCalculus.html "Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus."] dari MathWorld—A Wolfram Web Resource. === Pustaka daring === * Crowell, B., (2003). "''Calculus''" Light and Matter, Fullerton. Retrieved 6th May 2007 from [http://www.lightandmatter.com/calc/calc.pdf http://www.lightandmatter.com/calc/calc.pdf] * Garrett, P., (2006). "''Notes on first year calculus''" University of Minnesota. Retrieved 6th May 2007 from [http://www.math.umn.edu/~garrett/calculus/first_year/notes.pdf <nowiki>http://www.math.umn.edu/~garrett/calculus/first_year/notes.pdf</nowiki>] * Faraz, H., (2006). "''Understanding Calculus''" Retrieved Retrieved 6th May 2007 from Understanding Calculus, URL [http://www.understandingcalculus.com/ http://www.understandingcalculus.com/] (HTML only) * Keisler, H. J., (2000). "''Elementary Calculus: An Approach Using Infinitesimals''" Retrieved 6th May 2007 from [http://www.math.wisc.edu/~keisler/keislercalc1.pdf <nowiki>http://www.math.wisc.edu/~keisler/keislercalc1.pdf</nowiki>] * Mauch, S. (2004). "''Sean's Applied Math Book''" California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 6th May 2007 from [http://www.cacr.caltech.edu/~sean/applied_math.pdf <nowiki>http://www.cacr.caltech.edu/~sean/applied_math.pdf</nowiki>] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614183657/http://www.cacr.caltech.edu/~sean/applied_math.pdf |date=2007-06-14 }} * Sloughter, Dan., (2000) "''Difference Equations to Differential Equations: An introduction to calculus''". Retrieved 6th May 2007 from [http://math.furman.edu/~dcs/book/ http://math.furman.edu/~dcs/book/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715014621/http://math.furman.edu/~dcs/book/ |date=2011-07-15 }} * Stroyan, K.D., (2004). "''A brief introduction to infinitesimal calculus''" University of Iowa. Retrieved 6th May 2007 from [http://www.math.uiowa.edu/~stroyan/InfsmlCalculus/InfsmlCalc.htm http://www.math.uiowa.edu/~stroyan/InfsmlCalculus/InfsmlCalc.htm] (HTML only) * Strang, G. (1991) "''Calculus''" Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 6th May 2007 from [http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/resources/Strang/strangtext.htm http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/resources/Strang/strangtext.htm]. ===Kaca wèb=== * [http://www.calculus.org Calculus.org: The Calculus page] di Universitas California, Davis * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071014015130/http://www.math.temple.edu/~cow/ COW: Calculus on the Web] di Universitas Temple * [http://integrals.wolfram.com/ Online Integrator (WebMathematica)] dari Wolfram Research * [http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9217/calculus.htm The Role of Calculus in College Mathematics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726234750/http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9217/calculus.htm |date=2021-07-26 }} dari ERICDigests.org * [http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Mathematics/index.htm OpenCourseWare Calculus] dari [[Institut Teknologi Massachusetts]] * [http://eom.springer.de/I/i050950.htm Infinitesimal Calculus] Encyclopaedia of Mathematics, Michiel Hazewinkel ed.. {{artikel pilihan}} [[Kategori:Kalkulus| ]] [[Kategori:Matématika]] {{stub}} m9yggadrtva3wj37msvsljc90d498kv Kabupatèn Boyalali 0 4878 1760112 1751524 2026-11-06T03:00:04Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dwiaksara}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Boyolali<br>كابوڤاتَين بَويالالي<br>ꦑꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦨꦺꦴꦪꦭꦭꦶ<br> | settlement_type = [[Kabupatèn]] | imagesize = | image_seal = [[Gambar:Lambang Kabupaten Boyolali.jpeg|80px|Lambang Kabupatén Boyolali]] | motto = '''Boyolali Tersenyum'''<br>(Tertib, Elok, Rapi, Sehat, Nyaman untuk Masyarakat) | image_map = [[Gambar:Locator kabupaten boyolali.gif]] | mapsize = | map_caption = Pernahé Boyolali ing [[Jawa Tengah]] | coordinates = | subdivision_type = [[Nagara]] | subdivision_name = [[Indonésia]] | subdivision_type1 = Provinsi | subdivision_name1 = [[Jawa Tengah]] | established_title = | established_date = | seat_type = Kutha krajan | seat = [[Boyalali, Boyalali|Boyalali]] | established_title = Dina Dadi | established_date = | established_title1 = | established_date1 = | leader_title = [[Bupati]] | leader_name = Drs. Seno Samodro | leader_title1 = Wakil Bupati | leader_name1 = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_total_km2 = 1,015.10 | population_total = 930,531 | population_as_of = Sensus 2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = Bebrayan | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Wong | demographics1_info1= [[wong Jawa|Jawa]], [[Wong Arab-Indonésia|Arab]], [[wong Cina|Cina]] lan liya-liya | demographics1_title2 = Basa | demographics1_info2 = [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] lan [[basa Indonesia|Indonesia]] | demographics1_title3 = Kepercayan | demographics1_info3= [[Islam]], [[Kristen Protestan]], [[Katulik]], [[Buddha]], [[Hindu]] | timezone1 = WIK | utc_offset1 = +7 | postal_code_type = Kodhe pos | postal_code = | area_code = (+62) 0276 | registration_plate = | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = | blank1_name_sec1 = | blank1_info_sec1 = | website ={{URL|http://www.boyolali.go.id/}}<br>{{id icon}} }}'''Kabupatèn Boyalali''' ([[aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: {{jav|ꦑꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦨꦺꦴꦪꦭꦭꦶ}}, [[Pegon]]: كابوڤاتَين بَويالالي), ([[Basa Indonésia|cara Indonésia]]: [[:id:Kabupatèn Boyolali|Kabupatèn Boyolali]]), iku Kabupatén ing [[Jawa Tengah]], pernahé ing sisih wétan, kutha [[Boyalali]] iku [[kutha krajan]] kabupaténe. Boyalali saka sasanti boya (aja) lan lali, kang ateges aja lali. Bisa uga Boyalali saka tembung bhaya (bebaya) lan lali, kang ateges bebaya (wis) lali, utawa lali marang bebaya. == Sajarah == {{Sect-stub}} == Géografi == Pusat administrasi Kabupatèn Boyalali ana ing [[Kemiri, Majasanga, Boyalali|Kemiri]] lan [[Majasanga, Boyalali|Majasanga]], kurang luwih [[25]] [[km]] sakuloné [[Kutha Surakarta]]. Kabupatèn Boyalali ing sisih lor wewatesan karo [[Kabupatèn Semarang]] lan [[Kabupatèn Grobogan]]; ing sisih wétan karo [[Kabupatèn Sragèn]], [[Kabupatèn Karanganyar]], [[Kabupatèn Sukaharja]], lan [[Kutha Surakarta]] [[Sala]]; ing sisih kidul wewatesan karo [[Kabupatèn Klathèn]] lan [[Kabupatèn Sléman]] ([[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]]); sarta ing sisih kulon wewatesan karo [[Kabupatèn Magelang]] lan [[Kabupatèn Semarang]]. Kabupatèn iki kalebu kawasan [[Sala Raya]]. == Kacamatan == Kabupatèn Boyalali katata saka 19 [[Kacamatan]], yaiku: * [[Sela, Boyalali|Sela]] * [[Ampèl, Boyalali|Ampèl]] * [[Cepaga, Boyalali|Cepaga]] * [[Musuk, Boyalali|Musuk]] * [[Boyalali, Boyalali|Boyalali]] * [[Majasanga, Boyalali|Majasanga]] * [[Teras, Boyalali|Teras]] * [[Sawit, Boyalali|Sawit]] * [[Banyudana, Boyalali|Banyudana]] * [[Sambi, Boyalali|Sambi]] * [[Ngemplak, Boyalali|Ngemplak]] * [[Nagasari, Boyalali|Nagasari]] * [[Sima, Boyalali|Sima]] * [[Karanggedhé, Boyalali|Karanggedhé]] * [[Kléga, Boyalali|Kléga]] * [[Andong, Boyalali|Andong]] * [[Kemusu, Boyalali|Kemusu]] * [[Wanasegara, Boyalali|Wanasegara]] * [[Juwangi, Boyalali|Juwangi]] == Plesiran == == Deleng uga == * [[Pratélan Daerah Tingkat II]] == Pranala njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220215054719/http://boyolali.go.id/ Situs Web Resmi] {{Kabupatèn Boyalali}} {{Jawa Tengah}} [[Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:Pratélan Daerah Tingkat II]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn ing Jawa Tengah|Boyalali]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Boyalali]] {{Stub}} 7mt8b6kcilq9c2mihmsz89r9sj81lgg Kabupatèn Panaraga 0 5057 1760115 1751639 2026-11-06T03:13:04Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dwiaksara}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Panaraga<br>ꦑꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦦꦤꦫꦒ<br>كابوڤاتَين ڤاناراڮا | settlement_type = [[Kabupatèn]] | imagesize = | image_seal = [[Gambar:Lambang Kabupaten Ponorogo.png|100px]] | motto = | image_map = [[Gambar:Locator kabupaten ponorogo.png]] | mapsize = | map_caption = Pernahé Panaraga ing [[Jawa Wétan]] | coordinates = | subdivision_type = [[Nagara]] | subdivision_name = [[Indonésia]] | subdivision_type1 = Provinsi | subdivision_name1 = [[Jawa Wétan]] | established_title = | established_date = | seat_type = Kutha krajan | seat = [[Panaraga, Panaraga|Panaraga]] | established_title = Dina Dadi | established_date = 11 Agustus 1496 | established_title1 = | established_date1 = | leader_title = [[Bupati]] | leader_name = Sugiri Sancoko | leader_title1 = Wakil Bupati | leader_name1 = Lisdyarita | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_total_km2 = 1.371.78 | population_total = 1,130,648 | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = Bebrayan | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Wong | demographics1_info1= [[wong Jawa|Jawa]] lan liya-liya | demographics1_title2 = Basa | demographics1_info2 = [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] lan [[basa Indonesia|Indonesia]] | demographics1_title3 = Kepercayan | demographics1_info3= [[Islam]] 98,11%<br> [[Kristen Protestan]] 0,33%<br> [[Katulik]] 0,27%<br>[[Buddha]] 0,03<br>[[Hindu]] 0,01%<br>[[Kong Hu Cu]] 0.002% | timezone1 = WIK | utc_offset1 = +7 | postal_code_type = Kodhe pos | postal_code = 634xx | area_code = (+62) 352 | registration_plate = AE | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = | blank1_name_sec1 = | blank1_info_sec1 = | website ={{URL|https://ponorogo.go.id}}<br>{{id icon}} }} [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Eerste bedrijf uit een dansvoorstelling waarin een draak met vier ruiters wordt opgevoerd TMnr 10004817.jpg|thumb|240px|Reyog Ponorogo taun 1920]] '''Kabupatèn Panaraga''' ([[aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: {{jav|ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦤꦫꦒ}}, [[Pegon]]: كابوڤاتَين ڤاناراڮا), (utawa ing éjaan [[basa Indonésia]] katulis ''Ponorogo'') iku kabupatèn ing [[Jawa Wétan]], [[Indonésia]], kutha [[Panaraga]] iku [[kutha krajan]] kabupatèné. Kabupatèn iki ana ing sisih kulon [[Provinsi Jawa Wétan]]. Kabupatèn Panaraga kaloka ''Kutha Réyog'' amargi laladan iki yaiku laladan asal saka kesenian Reyog sing wis kaloka teka manca nagara. == Géografi == 111° 17’-111° 52’ [[Bujur wétan]] lan 7° 49’-8° 20’ [[Lintang kidul]]. Wates wewengkon Kabupatèn Panaraga yaiku; {{Batas_USBT |lor=[[Kabupatèn Madhiun]] {{br}} [[Kabupatèn Magetan]] {{br}} [[Kabupatèn Nganjuk]] |wétan=[[Kabupatèn Tulungagung]] {{br}} [[Kabupatèn Trenggalèk]] |kidul=[[Kabupatèn Pacitan]] |kulon=[[Kabupatèn Pacitan]] {{br}} [[Kabupatèn Wanagiri]] }} Jarak kutha krajan [[Panaraga]] karo kutha krajan [[Provinsi Jawa Wétan]] (Surabaya) +/-200 Km menyang arah Wétan lan menyang kutha krajan Nagara (Jakarta) +/-800 Km menyang arah kulon. Kabupatèn Panaraga dibagi 2 sub area, yaiku area dataran dhuwur yaiku kacamatan [[Ngrayun, Panaraga|Ngrayun]], Sooko dan Pulung lan Kacamatan Ngebel sisané yaiku laladan dataran cendhak. Kali sing liwat ana 14 kali sing dawané udakara 4 teka 58 Km. Fungsi kali iki yaiku sumber [[irigasi]] kanggo papan tetanèn.<ref name="géografis">[http://www.ponorogo.go.id/web2/ponorogo/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=101&Itemid=473 "Letak Geografi"]{{Pranala mati|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2011.</ref> == Papréntahan == Kabupatèn Panaraga ketata saking 21 [[kacamatan]], 305 [[désa]] lan [[kalurahan]]. Kacamatan-Kacamatan ing kabupatèn iki yaiku: {{col-css3-begin|2}} # [[Slahung, Panaraga|Slahung]] # [[Ngrayun, Panaraga|Ngrayun]] # [[Bungkal, Panaraga|Bungkal]] # [[Sambit, Panaraga|Sambit]] # [[Sawo, Panaraga|Sawo]] # [[Soka, Panaraga|Soka]] # [[Pulung, Panaraga|Pulung]] # [[Mlarak, Panaraga|Mlarak]] # [[Jetis, Panaraga|Jetis]] # [[Siman, Panaraga|Siman]] # [[Balong, Panaraga|Balong]] # [[Kauman, Panaraga|Kauman]] # [[Badhegan, Panaraga|Badhegan]] # [[Sampung, Panaraga|Sampung]] # [[Sukareja, Panaraga|Sukareja]] # [[Babadan, Panaraga|Babadan]] # [[Panaraga, Panaraga|Panaraga]] # [[Jenangan, Panaraga|Jenangan]] # [[Ngebel, Panaraga|Ngebel]] # [[Jambon, Panaraga|Jambon]] # [[Pudhak, Panaraga|Pudhak]] {{col-css3-end}} Bupati Panaraga wis diganti kaping 17 saka taun 1944<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.kotareyog.com/sejarah-bupati-ponorogo-dari-tahun-ke-tahun/|title=Sajarah Bupati Ponorogo dari Tahun ke Tahun|date=2010-06-30|accessdate=2011-07-12|archive-date=2011-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216191613/http://blog.kotareyog.com/sejarah-bupati-ponorogo-dari-tahun-ke-tahun/|url-status=dead}}</ref>. yaiku: # [[Susanto Tirtoprodjo|R. Soesanto Tirtoprodjo]] (1944–1945) # R. Tjokrodiprodjo (1945–1949) # R. Prajitno (1949–1951) # R. Moehamad (1951–1955) # R. Mahmoed (1955–1958) # R. M. Harjogi (1958–1960) # R. Dasoeki (1960–1967) # R. Soejoso (1967–1968) # R. Soedono Soekirdjo (1968–1974) # H. Soemadi (1974–1984) # Drs. Soebarkah Poetro Hadiwirjo (1984–1989) # Drs. R. Gatot Soemani (1989–1994) # DR. H.M. Markum Singodimedjo (1994–2004) # H. Muryanto, SH, MM (2004–2005) # H. Muhadi Suyono, SH, MSi (2005 – 2010) # H. Amin, SH (2010-2015) # Drs. H. Ipong Muchlissoni (2015-saiki) == Padunung == Jumlah sing ndunungi kabupatèn Panaraga ing Sensus penduduk taun 2010 yaiku 855.281 jiwa.<ref name="penduduk">[http://www.bps.go.id/aboutus.php?sp=0&kota=35 Tabel Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 Propinsi JAWA TIMUR], diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2011.</ref> Sajarah Padunung kabupatèn Panaraga saka taun 1980 yaiku; {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:70%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;" ! style="background: #FFEBCD; color: #000080" height="17" | Tahun ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1980 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1990 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2000 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2010 |-Align="center" ! style="background: #FFEBCD; color: #000080" height="17" | Jumlah sing ndunungi | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 783.356 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 837.055 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 841.497 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 855.281 |- | colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|<small>Sumber:Badan Pusat Statistik<ref name="jumlah-penduduk">[http://www.bps.go.id/hasilSP2010/jatim/3502.pdf Publikasi Kabupatèn Hasil Sementara SP2010], diakses tanggal 19 Juli 2011.</ref> |} === Agama === Agama sing dianut sing ndunungi kabupatèn Panaraga saka data Bappeda Jawa Wétan ing taun 2009 yaiku<ref name="bappeda">[http://bappeda.jatimprov.go.id/bappeda/wp-content/uploads/format-data-kab-kota/kab-ponorogo-2011.xls Profil Laladan Kabupatèn/Kota di Jawa Timur Tahun 2007 - 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305025022/http://bappeda.jatimprov.go.id/bappeda/wp-content/uploads/format-data-kab-kota/kab-ponorogo-2011.xls |date=2016-03-05 }}, diakses tanggal 19 Juli 2011.</ref>: * [[Islam]] 99,42% * [[Katulik]] 0.31% * [[Kristen Protèstan]] 0.16% * [[Hindhu]] 0.06% * [[Buda]] 0.05% Ing Kabupatèn Panaraga dumunung sawijining pondhok pesantrèn modhèren yaiku [[Pondhok Modhèren Darussalam Gontor]]. == Deleng uga == * [[Pratélan Daerah Tingkat II]] * [[Réyog]]moto Panaraga yaiku Panaraga mukti wibawa == Réferènsi == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://ponorogo.go.id Situs web resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309135648/https://ponorogo.go.id/ |date=2021-03-09 }} * [https://pariwisata.ponorogo.go.id Situs web Dinas Pariwisata Panaraga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003223226/https://pariwisata.ponorogo.go.id/ |date=2019-10-03 }} {{Kabupatèn Panaraga}} {{Jawa Wétan}} [[Kategori:Pratélan Daerah Tingkat II]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn ing Jawa Wétan]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Panaraga]] {{stub}} bsdesa43lmm2xne9z9tr1yegb8dapun Kembang sepatu 0 6491 1760156 1724245 2026-11-06T05:12:09Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = Kembang sepatu | image = Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Blanco2.270.png | image_width = 275px | image_caption = ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'' | regnum = [[Tetuwuhan|Plantae]] | divisio = [[Tetuwuhan ngembang|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Malvales]] | familia = [[Malvaceae]] | genus = ''[[Hibiscus]]'' | species = '''''H. rosa-sinensis''''' | binomial = ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'' | binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] }} '''Kembang sepatu''' ('''''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis''''' L.) iku tetuwuhan semak suku [[Malvaceae]] sing asalé saka [[Asia Wétan]] lan akèh ditandur minangka tetuwuhan hias ing tlatah [[tropis]] lan [[subtropis]]. Kembangé gedhé, wernané abang lan ora ana ambuné. Kembang saka manéka warna [[kultivar]] lan hibrida bisa wujud kembang tunggal (godhong makutha salapis) utawa kembang dhobel (godhong makutha malapis-lapis) sing wernané putih nganti kuning, oranye nganti abang tuwa utawa jambon. Ing [[Sumatra]] lan [[Malaysia]], kembang sepatu karan '''bunga raya'''. Kembang iki dikukuhaké minangka kembang nasional [[Malaysia]] ing tanggal [[28 Juli]] [[1960]]. Wong Jawa nyebut kembang iki ''kembang worawari''. == Dhéskripsi == Kembang sepatu kapérang saka 5 helai godhong kelopak sing direksa déning kelopak tambahan (''epicalyx'') saéngga katon kaya rong lapis [[kelopak kembang]]. Makutha kembang kapérang saka 5 lembar utawa luwih yèn wujud hibrida. Gagang putik wangun silindher dawa diklilingi gagang sari wangun oval kang tetaburan serbuk sari. Wiji ana ing njeron woh wangun kapsul kanthi limang bilik. Lumrahé dhuwuré tetuwuhan sakiwa-tengené 2 tekan 5 mèter. Wangun godhong bunder endhog sing amba utawa bunder endhog sing ciut kanthi pucuk godhong lancip. Ing tlatah [[tropis]] utawa ing [[omah kaca]] tetuwuhan ngembang setaun teras, éwadéné ing tlatah subtropis ngembang wiwit saka usum panas nganti usum palastra. Wangun kembang kaya [[trompet]] kanthi dhiameter sakiwa-tengené 5&nbsp;cm nganti 20&nbsp;cm. Putik (''pistillum'') njulur metu saka dhasar kembang. Kembang bisa mekar ngadhep munggah, mudhun, utawa ngadhep nyamping. Lumrahé, tuwuhan iki nduwé sipat steril lan ora ngasilaké woh. Tuwuhan iki tangkar-tumangkar kanthi cara stèk, cangkok, lan nempel. == Kagunaan == Kembang sepatu akèh didadèkaké tetuwuhan hias amarga kembangé sing élok. Kembang digunaaké kanggo nyemir sepatu ing [[India]] lan minangka kembang persembahan. Ing [[Tiongkok]], kembang sing wernané abang digunaaké minangka bahan pawarna panganan. Ing Indonésia, godhong lan kembang digunaaké ing manéka warna pangobatan tradhisional. Kembang sepatu sing digaringaké uga bisa diombé minangka tèh. Ing [[Prefektur Okinawa|Okinawa]], [[Jepang]] digunaaké minangka tetuwuhan pager. Ing sisih kidul Okinawa, tetuwuhan iki karan {{nihongo|''Gushōnu hana''|後生花||kembang kauripan sawisé mati}} saéngga akèh ditandur ing pasaréan kanggo ndongakaké kebahagiaan ing alam kana. == Khasiat == Kanthi manéka warna lan wangun mahkotané, kembang sepatu katon éndah lan mranani ati wong-wong sing nyawang. Tujuné kembang sing éndah iki gambang banget urip ing Indonésia. Saliyané bisa disawang kaéndahané amarga kembang sepatu iki ngembang setaun teras, kembang iki uga nduwéni khasiat obat. Kembang iki ngandhut unsur [[kimia]] Flavonoida, dat lemak, lan lendhir. Kanthi kandhutan mau, saora-orané kembang sepatu bisa nglancaraké haid, nyarasaké watuk lan absès mawa cara; # nglancaraké haid: Jupuk telung kuncup kembang sepatu, campur karo cukak sing dinggo masak sacukupé, dilarutaké nganggo banyu mateng sithik. Saring, banjur diombé sadina pisan, suwéné telung dina. # Watuk: Jupuk telung kuncup kembang, remes-remes kaliyan 100 ml banyu anget, simpen sewengi ing wadhah katutup. Yèn perlu ditambahi sasendhok madu, diombé sadina pisan suwéné pitung dina. # Absès: Pakar Kasehatan Filipina Hermina de Guzman Ladion nelakaké, kembang sepatu bisa nyarasaké absès. Carané: jupuk 5 lembar godhong lan 2 kuntum kembang, dirajang alus, banjur ditempelaké ing pérangan awak sing kéna absès. lakonana saben ésuk lan soré. (ros/Nova) == Gallery == <gallery> Barkas:Wora-wari.jpg|Kembang Sepatu Abang Barkas:Kembang Sepatu Hibiscus rosa.JPG|Kembang Sepatu Jambon Barkas:Cayena (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), Icod de los Vinos, Tenerife, España, 2012-12-13, DD 01.jpg|Kembang Sepatu Kuning Barkas:Bunga-Sepatu.jpg|Kembang Sepatu Putih Barkas:Hibiscus bleu 2.jpg|Kembang Sepatu Biru Barkas:Hibiscus 06 Yellowish orange double.jpg|Kembang Sepatu Oranye </gallery> == Pirsanana uga == * [[Hibiscus]] * Worawari gantung * [[Waru]] (''Hibiscus tiliaceus'') == Pratélan pustaka == * [http://home.att.net/~SHA-IV/alistfor.htm#Botanical%20Concerns Varieties and cultivars of ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'' L.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060616141258/http://home.att.net/~SHA-IV/alistfor.htm#Botanical%20Concerns |date=2006-06-16 }} – Rerembugan ngenani taksonomi * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927202230/http://www.strictlyhibiscus.com/care.html Parawatan tetanduran Hibiscus lan informasi panyakit tetanduran] * [https://www.faunadanflora.com/penjelasan-klasifikasi-jenis-serta-manfaat-bunga-sepatu-bagi-kesehatan/ "Bunga Sepatu – Penjelasan, Klasifikasi, Jenis, Serta Manfaat Bunga Sepatu Bagi Kesehatan"] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.bisnisbali.com/2005/02/07/news/agrobisnis/sep%5Batui.html "Kembang Sepatu, Tanaman Pagar yang Indah"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929022803/http://www.bisnisbali.com/2005/02/07/news/agrobisnis/sep%5Batui.html |date=2007-09-29 }} Bisnis Bali Online {{commons|Hibiscus rosa-sinensis}} [[Kategori:Kembang]] [[Kategori:Tetuwuhan obat]] [[Kategori:Malvaceae]] 806m6dkp2pjdvbp3h3lo8q536bg854y Sugriwa 0 12757 1759971 1624912 2026-11-05T19:25:32Z Rotondus 15316 /* Sugriwa lan Subali */ 1759971 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wajangpop voorstellende Sugriwa TMnr 3582-81.jpg|250px|thumb|Narpati Sugriwa]] '''Narpati Sugriwa''' iku [[Pratélan paraga wayang|paraga wayang]] ing wiracarita [[Ramayana]]. Dhèwèké putraning [[Resi Gotama]] lan [[Dewi Indradi]]sing wuragil Sasedhulur cacahé ana telu, ya iku Dewi Anjani, Guwarsa iya Subali, lan Guwarsi iya Sugriwa. Nalika isih anom Subali uga karan Anjana utawa''Anjanarka.', déné Sugriwa uga sok karan Anjaningrat. Sugriwa iku maune wujud satriya bagus. Amarga péngin ndarbeni Cupu Manik Asthagina, banjur nggebyur ing telenge tlaga Madhirda (ing padhalangan karan tlaga Sumala) saperlu ngupadhi cupu mau, temahan wujudé malih dadi kethèk. Déné critane mangkene: ==Mula bukaning Sugriwa== Sawijining dina, Dewi Windradi utawa Dewi Indradi kang wektu iku wis kawengku ing priya, Resi Gotama, lan malah wis peputra barang, kanthi sesidheman sapatemon karo Bathara Surya. Bathara Surya rumangsa marem marang Windradi anggoné caos leladhi, mula banjur kaparingan pusaka wujud cupu jenengé [[Cupu Manik Astagina]]. Cupu mau uga banjur diparingake Dewi Indradi marang Anjani lan diwanti-wanti aja nganti kapriksan sapa waé, luwih-luwih kapriksan Sang Resi Gotama. Nanging sawijiné dhina Guwarsa lan Guwarsi weruh cupu kang digawa aAnjani lan kepéngin duwé. Bocah telu mau banjur rebutan. Mranggulangi kaanan mau, Resi Gotama banjur mbuwang cupu mau lan tumiba ing tlaga Sumala. Guwarsa lan Guwarsi nekad nyemplung tlaga, déné Anjani mung wani raup rai. Resi Gotama sepata yèn kelakuwan bocah telu mau kaya [[kethèk|réwanda]]. Kocap mangkono, Guwarsa dalah Guwarsi dadi kebak wulu lan nduwé buntut kaya déné kethèk. Déné Anjani mung rainé sing wujud kethèk. Wiwit iku, Guwarsa banjur ganti jeneng Subali lan Guwarsi ngalih jeneng dadi Sugriwa. ==Sugriwa lan Subali== Kadang loro iki mauné rukun-rukun waé. Sawijining dina, wong loro iki diminta sraya déning jawata supaya nyirnakaké [[Prabu Mahesa Sura]], ratu buta asirah Maesa (kebo) ing nagara [[Guwa Kiskendha]]. Déné patihe jenenge Lembusura (buta sirahé sapi). Nalika semana Prabu Maesasura kongkonan patihe supaya nglamar Dewi Tara, satemah gawé geger kahyangan. Para déwa banjur minta sraya marang Subali lan Sugriwa supaya nyirnakake Maesasura sawadyabalane. Nalika Subali arep lumebu ana nagara Guwa Kiskendha, weling karo Sugriwa kang nungga ana jaba. Mengko yèn iline banyu saka jero guwa rupané abang, iku ateges sing mati Maesasura lan Lembusura. Yèn sing mili metu rupané putih, sing mati Subali. Anggoné perang rame banget, lan suwé. Wasana Subali bisa matèni Maesasura lan Lembusura kanthi sirahé diadhu-kumba. Sirahe buta loro mau pecah metu getih abang campur polo (basa Indonésia, polo) putih. Déning Sugriwa dikira Subali mati sampyuh, mula lawanbge guwa banjur ditableg. Sugriwa banjur munggah ing kahyangan nyuwun kanugrahan Dewi Tara. Dewi Tara iya banjur diparingake Sugriwa lan Sugriwa uga banjur jumeneng nata ana Guwa Kiskendha. Subali kang isih ana jero guwa akhire iya bisa metu. Dhèwèké kandha yèn wis trima, nuli bali mbacutake tapabratane ana Sonyapringga kang banjur ambegawan kanthi peparap Resi Subali. Dasamuka kang nuju nganglang jagad kanthi ngambah gegana, nalika ngungkuli pertapane Subali, tiba njungkel ing bantala. Dasamuka muring-muring, Subali arep dipateni. Nanging wasana Dasamuka malah sign kalah, banjur nyuwita. Déning Subali, Dasamuka banjur kaparingan aji Pancasona, mula Dasamuka tambah digdaya. Dhasar Dasamuka iku watake angkara murka, dhèwèké ora seneng yèn ana pawongan liya sing luwih sekti, sanadyan iku gurune dhéwé. Dasamuka golèk cara kanggo nyirnakake Subali. Ya Dasamuka iki sing ngithik-ithik Subali supaya ngucik Dewi Tara lan nagara Guwa Kiskendha. Subali klakon ngrebut Dewi Tara lan nagara Guwa Kiskendha. Sugriwa banjur utusan Jembawan supaya golèk pawongan sing bisa mitulungi dhèwèké lan matèni Subali. Jembawan kasil mboyong Raden Rama Regawa lan Laksmana Widagda supaya mitulungi kasangsarane Sugriwa. Saka pitulungane Rama Regawa, Subali bisa tiwas ketaman jemparing Guhyawijaya. Sugriwa sawadyabalane (wujud kethèk) banjur nyuwita marang Rama Wijaya ngrabasa nagara Alengka, saperlu numpes memalaning jagad kang sinandhang déning Dasamuka. {{ramayana}} {{Tokoh wayang}} [[Kategori:Paraga wayang]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Ramayana]] hbolc3sf169yt2j909bii8mh82qlxqd Kutha Médan 0 14568 1760210 1738961 2026-11-06T07:37:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Medan | official_name = Kutha Médan | native_name = | settlement_type = Kutha | translit_lang1 = Liyané | translit_lang1_type1 = [[Aksara Jawi]] | translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|ar|ميدن}} | translit_lang1_type2 = [[Aksara Batak]] | translit_lang1_info2 = {{btk|ᯔᯮᯑ᯲}} | translit_lang1_type3 = [[Basa Tamil]] | translit_lang1_info3 = மேடான் | image_flag = Flag of Medan City.png | image_seal = Logo Kota Medan (Seal of Medan).svg | nickname = ''[[Paris|Parijs]] van Sumatra'' {{small|([[Dutch language|Dutch]])}} (Paris of Sumatra) | motto = ''Bekerja sama dan sama-sama bekerja'' <br> | image_map = Lokasi Sumatra Utara Kota Medan.svg | map_caption = Location within [[North Sumatra]] | pushpin_map = Indonesia_Sumatra#Indonesia | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Sumatra]] and [[Indonesia]] | coordinates = {{coord|3|35|N|98|40|E|region:ID|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[Nagara]] | subdivision_name = {{INA}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Wewengkon]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Sumatra]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinsi]] | subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Sumatra Lor}} | established_title = Diadegaké | established_date = 1 July 1590 | leader_title = Walikutha | leader_name = Dzulmin Eldin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=328081:eldin-resmi-jadi-walikota-medan|title=Eldin resmi jadi Walikota Medan|date=2014-06-18|accessdate=2015-03-10|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113820/http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=328081:eldin-resmi-jadi-walikota-medan|url-status=dead}}</ref> | leader_title2 = Wakil walikutha | leader_name2 = Akhyar Nasution | area_total_km2 = 265.10 | area_metro_km2 = 1,991.1 | elevation_m = 2.5–37.5 | elevation_ft = 8–123 | population_total = 2,097,610 | population_as_of = sènsus 2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 2,046,973 | population_metro = 4,103,696 | population_density_metro_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_demonym = [[Wong Médan]] | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = | demographics1_info2 = | timezone = [[Time in Indonesia|IWST]] | utc_offset = +7 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | area_code_type = [[Kodhé aréa]] | area_code = (+62) 61 | registration_plate_type = [[Plat nomer]] | registration_plate = BK | website = {{URL|https://pemkomedan.go.id/}} }} '''Kutha Médan''' iku salah siji kutha ing provinsi [[Sumatra Lor]] uga dadi [[kutha krajan]] provinsi iki. Kutha iki mujudaké kutha paling gedhé katelu ing Indonésia sakwisé Jakarta lan Surabaya. Jembar wewengkon kutha iki ± 265,10&nbsp;km², lan kutha paling gedhé sanjabané pulo Jawa.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/09/18/indonesians-torch-us-flag-in-protest-in-country-third-largest-city.html|title=Indonesians torch US flag in protest in country's third-largest city|date=18 Sèptèmber 2012|work=Fox News|access-date=12 Sèptèmber 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823000437/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/09/18/indonesians-torch-us-flag-in-protest-in-country-third-largest-city.html|archivedate=23 Agustus 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304887104579302192697469538|title=Indonesian Volcano Erupts 77 Times in 24 Hours|work=The Wall Street Journal|first=Ben|last=Otto|date=5 Januari 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306103546/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304887104579302192697469538|archivedate=6 Maret 2016|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/04/01/medan-offers-historical-and-religious-tourist-sites.html|title=Medan offers historical and religious tourist sites|work=[[The Jakarta Post]]|date=1 April 2014|first=Apriadi|last=Gunawan|access-date=12 Sèptèmber 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310021646/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/04/01/medan-offers-historical-and-religious-tourist-sites.html|archivedate=10 Maret 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> == Papréntahan == Kutha Médan dina iki dibawahi [[Dzulmi Eldin]] minangka Wali kutha lan [[Akhyar Nasution]] minangka Wakil Wali kutha.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/pilkada/16/01/23/o1eqk5354-kpu-pasangan-eldinakhyar-wali-kota-dan-wawali-kota-medan-terpilih |title=KPU: Pasangan Eldin-Akhyar Wali Kota dan Wawali Kota Medan Terpilih |first1=Issha |last1=Harruma |first2=Bayu |last2=Hermawan |date=23 Januari 2016 |work=[[Republika (surat kabar)|Republika]] |access-date=12 Sèptèmber 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912023026/http://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/pilkada/16/01/23/o1eqk5354-kpu-pasangan-eldinakhyar-wali-kota-dan-wawali-kota-medan-terpilih |archive-date=12 Sèptèmber 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wewengkon Kutha Médan kapéran dadi 21-[[kacamatan]] lan 151-[[kalurahan]]: {{col|3}} * [[Médan Tuntungan, Médan|Médan Tuntungan]] * [[Médan Johor, Médan|Médan Johor]] * [[Médan Amplas, Médan|Médan Amplas]] * [[Médan Denai, Médan|Médan Denai]] * [[Médan Area, Médan|Médan Area]] * [[Médan Kota, Médan|Médan Kota]] * [[Médan Maimun, Médan|Médan Maimun]] * [[Médan Polonia, Médan|Médan Polonia]] * [[Médan Baru, Médan|Médan Baru]] * [[Médan Selayang, Médan|Médan Selayang]] * [[Médan Sunggal, Médan|Médan Sunggal]] * [[Médan Helvetia, Médan|Médan Helvetia]] * [[Médan Petisah, Médan|Médan Petisah]] * [[Médan Barat, Médan|Médan Barat]] * [[Médan Timur, Médan|Médan Timur]] * [[Médan Perjuangan, Médan|Médan Perjuangan]] * [[Médan Tembung, Médan|Médan Tembung]] * [[Médan Deli, Médan|Médan Deli]] * [[Médan Labuhan, Médan|Médan Labuhan]] * [[Médan Marelan, Médan|Médan Marelan]] * [[Médan Belawan, Médan|Médan Belawan]] {{end-col}} ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} == Uga delengen == * [[Pratélan kabupatèn lan kutha ing Indonésia]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.pemkomedan.go.id Situs Web Resmi] {{Kutha Medan}} {{Sumatra Lor}} {{Kutha gedhé ing Indonésia|image=Surabaya-night-skyline.jpg}} [[Kategori:Kutha ing Sumatra Lor|Medan]] [[Kategori:Kutha Medan]] bvuitomzicxxligm7dm1vr1jdwnol33 Kabupatèn Merauke 0 14729 1760114 1723423 2026-11-06T03:12:03Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760114 wikitext text/x-wiki {| {{InfoboxAttribs}} |+ <big>'''Kabupatèn Merauke'''</big> |- | style="background: #ffffff;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="2" | align="center" width="140" | [[Gambar:Lambang Kabupaten Merauke.jpg|120px|Lambang Kabupatèn Merauke]] |- | align="center" width="140" | <small>'''Lambang Kabupatèn Merauke'''</small> |} |- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 3px solid gray;" | <small>[[Sesanti]]: "Izakod Bekai Izakod Kai"</small> |- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[File:91.01.00 Papua Merauke.svg|200|Peta Lokasi Merauke]] |- | Dina Dadi: |--- |- | [[Kutha krajan]]: | [[Merauke]] |- | [[Bupati]]: | Johanes Gluba Gebze |- | Wakil Bupati: |--- |- | Jembar<br />&nbsp;-Total: | <br />45.071&nbsp;km² |- | Distrik<br />&nbsp;-Cacahe: | <br />11 Distrik |- | [[Padunung]]<br />&nbsp;-Total:<br />&nbsp;-Kapadhetan: | <br />+/-307.343 (2000)<br />+/----jiwa/km² |- | [[Suku Bangsa]]: |--- |- | [[Agama]]: | [[Protèstan]], [[Katulik]], [[Islam]] lan liyané |- | Basa: | [[Basa Indonésia]] lan liyané |} '''Kabupatèn Merauke''' iku kabupatèn ing Provinsi [[Papua]], [[Indonésia]]. Kutha [[Merauke]] iku [[kutha krajan]] kabupatèné, kutha-kutha liyané: [[Ulilin, Merauke|Ulilin]] lan liya-liyané. Jembar wewengkon Kabupatèn iki ± 45.071&nbsp;km² utawa---hèktar. == Géografi == 5'00'-9'00' [[Lintang kidul]] lan 137'30'-141'00' [[Bujur wétan]] == Papréntahan == Kabupatèn Merauke ketata saking 11 [[dhistrik]],---[[désa]]/[[kalurahan]]. Distrik-dhistrik ing Kabupatèn iki yaiku: # [[Eligobel, Merauke|Eligobel]] # [[Jagebob, Merauke|Jagebob]] # [[Kimaam, Merauke|Kimaam]] # [[Kurik, Merauke|Kurik]] # [[Merauke, Merauke|Merauke]] # [[Muting, Merauke|Muting]] # [[Okaba, Merauke|Okaba]] # [[Semangga, Merauke|Semangga]] # [[Sota, Merauke|Sota]] # [[Tanah Miring, Merauke|Tanah Miring]] # [[Ulilin, Merauke|Ulilin]] == Deleng uga == * [[Pratélan Daerah Tingkat II]] == Pranala njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110607222538/http://www.merauke.go.id/ Situs Web Resmi] [[Papua]] {{Kabupatèn Merauke}} {{Papua}} [[Kategori:Papua]] {{indo-geo-stub}} 9ruf22n0yd8c8lss6w8gcqby7g8wrug Internèt 0 16433 1760048 1704357 2026-11-05T22:55:42Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Internèt|ꦆꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂꦤꦺꦠ꧀}} [[Gambar:Internet map 1024.jpg|thumb|Sambungan kang ana rerangkèn Internet]] Manut [[basa]]né, '''internèt''' (cekakan saka tembung 'inter-network') iku tegesé jaringan [[komputer]] kang kaubung ngliwati sawatara rerangkèn. Déné, nalika Internet (aksara 'I' murda/gedhé) iku artiné sistem komputer umum, kang kaubung ing tlatath global lan migunakaké [[TCP]]/[[IP]] dadi protokolé kanggo ijol-ijolan pakèt (''packet switching communication protocol''). rerangkèn internèt kang gedhé dhéwé dijenengi '''Internet'''. Cara ngubungaké rerangkèn kanthi tatacara kaya mangkéné iku dijenengî internetworking. == Lairé Internet == Rerangkèn pusat kang nggawé Internèt diwiwti ing [[taun]] [[1969]] kang karan [[ARPANET]]. ARPANET iki dibangun déning ARPA ''(United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)''. Sawetara panalitèn kawitan kang disumbangaké déning ARPANET kalebu tatacara rerangkèn tanpa-pusat ''(decentralised network)'', téyori queueing, lan ijol-ijolan paket ''(packet switching)''. Ing [[1 Januari]] [[1983]], ARPANET ngijoli protokol rerangkèn pusaté, saka [[NCP]] menyang TCP/IP. Iki dadi wiwitaning Internet kaya kang kita sawrungi saiki. Ing udakara taun [[1990-an]], Internet sumrambah lan nyambungaké jaringan-jaringan komputer kang ana == Uga delengen == * [[komunitas maya]] * [[ISOC]] * [[Internet troll]] * [[Istilah Internet Indonésia]] * [[Pangiriman pesen instan]] * [[Portal web]] * [[TLD]] * [[Wi-Fi]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.apjii.or.id/ Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonésia (APJII)] * [http://www.iix.net.id/ Indonésian Internet Exchange (IIX)] * [http://www.idnic.net.id/ IDNIC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102132933/http://www.idnic.net.id/ |date=2007-11-02 }} * [http://www.idnic.net.id/Info/ISP.html Daftar panyelenggara jasa internet (ISP) ing Indonésia (ing situs IDNIC)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308013646/http://www.idnic.net.id/Info/ISP.html |date=2005-03-08 }} * [http://ip-number.com ndeleng alamat IP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910031026/http://ip-number.com/ |date=2020-09-10 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200302070206/https://www.total.or.id/ Kamus Komputer lan Istilah Teknologi informasi] * [http://wikihost.org/wikis/indonesiainternet/ Sejarah Internet Indonésia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002093447/http://wikihost.org/wikis/indonesiainternet/ |date=2006-10-02 }} [[Kategori:Internet]] [[Kategori:Tèknologi dhigital]] 90vqa89tqf7knip4mrbgwjixceu5jft Komputer 0 16460 1760184 1746683 2026-11-06T06:24:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Komputer|ꦏꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦠꦼꦂ}} '''Komputer''', utawa '''kasub''' ([[basa Arab]]: الحاسوب) iku piranti kanggo ngolah [[informasi]] miturut [[prosedur]] kang wis katemtokaké. [[Gambar:Computer lab showing desktop PCs warwick.jpg|left|thumb|right|200px|Laboratorium komputer ing [[Universitas Warwick]]]] Tembung ''computer'' wiwitané kanggo nggambaraké manungsa kang gawéané ngitung [[aritmatika]], kanthi utawa tanpa piranti biyantu, nanging tegesé tembung iki banjur pindhah menyang mesin mau. Mula bukané, pangolahan informasi mèh tansah sesambungan klawan prakara [[aritmatika]], nanging komputer modern kanggo uga digunakaké ing saknjabané [[matématika]]. Ing panyebutan kaya mangkéné iki uga ana piranti kaya ''[[slide rule]]'', jinis [[kalkulator mekanik]] wiwit saka [[abakus]] lan sabanjuré, nganti kabèh komputer ''elektronik'' kontemporer. Istilah iki luwih cocog kagunakaké ing arti kang luwih amba, ya iku komputer iku "[[pamroses informasi]]" utawa "[[sistem pangolah informasi]]." {{Infobox |title = Komputer |image = {{nowrap begin}}[[Gambar:Acer Aspire 8920 Gemstone.jpg|x81px]][[Gambar:Columbia Supercomputer - NASA Advanced Supercomputing Facility.jpg|x81px]][[Gambar:Intertec Superbrain.jpg|x81px]]{{wrap}}[[Gambar:2010-01-26-technikkrempel-by-RalfR-05.jpg|x79px]][[Gambar:Thinking Machines Connection Machine CM-5 Frostburg 2.jpg|x79px]][[Gambar:G5 supplying Wikipedia via Gigabit at the Lange Nacht der Wissenschaften 2006 in Dresden.JPG|x79px]]{{wrap}}[[Gambar:DM IBM S360.jpg|x77px]][[Gambar:Acorn BBC Master Series Microcomputer.jpg|x77px]][[Gambar:Dell PowerEdge Servers.jpg|x77px]]{{nowrap end}} }} == Sajarah == {{artikelutama|Sajarah perkomputeran}} Komputer kang ana saiki, ora luput saka tinemu mesin-mesin kanggo ngetung ing dina-dina kapungkur.<ref name="buku1">(id) Riana, Deny. Komputer dan [[Komunikasi]]. [[Duta Grafika]]. (kaca 7-15)</ref> Ditemokakene mesin-mesin kaya ''abacus'' (sempoa), ''Pascaline'', ''Arithometer'', lan mesin [[analitik]] iku kang njalari anané komputer kaya saiki.<ref name="buku1"/> {{terjemah|Indonésia}} [[Gambar:Personal computer, exploded 4.svg|left|thumb|300px|Bagean-pérangan Komputer Personal.<br /> <small>1: [[Monitor]]<br /> 2: [[Papan induk]]<br /> 3: [[Pemroses]]<br /> 4: Slot [[ATA]]<br /> 5: [[Memori Akses Acak (MAA)]] <br /> 6: [[PCI|Slot PCI]]<br /> 7: [[Catu Daya]]<br /> 8: [[Optical Storage|Pamuteran cakram optik]]<br /> 9: [[Cakram Padhet]]<br /> 10: [[Papan Tutul]]<br /> 11: [[Tetikus]]</small>]] {{clear}} == Jinis Komputer == * [[komputer analog]] * [[komputer pulsa]] * [[mikrokomputer]] ** [[komputer omah]] (''home computer'') ** [[komputer pribadi (PC)]] ** [[server]] * [[minikomputer]] * [[komputer rangka utama]] (''mainframe computer'') * [[superkomputer]] == Uga delengen == {{clear}} * [[Piranti alus]] * [[Piranti kasar]] * [[Ngèlmu komputer]] * [[Komputer ing carita rekan]] * [[Laptop]] * [[Desktop]] * [[Tablet PC]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200302070206/https://www.total.or.id/ Kamus Komputer lan Istilah Teknologi informasi] [[Kategori:Komputer]] {{Stub}} 4hx56haqh5nkqfvpxamnauzcvfv2gxr Ilir Wétan I, Palembang 0 17188 1760043 1747622 2026-11-05T22:33:46Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kacamatan | jeneng = Ilir Wétan I | dati2 = Kutha | jeneng dati2 = Palembang | jeneng camat = | jembar = | padunung = | kapadhetan = | angka BPS = | provinsi = Sumatra Kidul | cacah dati4 = / |}} '''Ilir Wétan I''' ([[Basa Indonésia]]: '''Ilir Timur I''') iku [[kacamatan]] ing [[kutha Palembang]], [[Sumatra Kidul]], [[Indonésia]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lensaindo.com/2017/04/17/profil-kecamatan-ilir-timur-1-palembang-sumatera-selatan/ |title=Kecamatan Ilir Timur 1, Palembang, Sumatera Selatan" |access-date=2018-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718114502/https://lensaindo.com/2017/04/17/profil-kecamatan-ilir-timur-1-palembang-sumatera-selatan/ |archive-date=2019-07-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Désa/Kalurahan <ref>[http://kodepos.nomor.net/_kodepos.php?_i=cari-kodepos&laladan=&jobs=Palembang&perhal=60&urut=3&asc=001101&sby=000000&no1=1&no2=60&kk=2 Indonésia Kode Pos 2010]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>== *13 Ilir *14 Ilir *15 Ilir *16 Ilir *17 Ilir *18 Ilir *20 Ilir D.I *20 Ilir D.III *20 Ilir D.IV *Kepandean Baru *Sungai Pangeran == Rujukan == {{reflist}} {{Ilir Wétan I, Palembang}} {{Kutha Palembang}} [[Kategori:Kutha Palembang]] {{kacamatan-stub}} 27cro8h18wc76vmurt4nbla8uikddz0 Inter Milan 0 17451 1760047 1731409 2026-11-05T22:55:28Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football club infobox | | clubname = Inter Milan | | image = [[File:FC Internazionale Milano 2021.svg|190px]]| | fullname = F.C. Internazionale Milano S.p.A | | nickname = ''Nerazzurri'' | | founded = [[9 Maret]] [[1908]] | | ground = [[Giuseppe Meazza]], [[San Siro]]<br />[[Milano]], [[Italia]] | | capacity = 80.018 | | chairman = [[Steven Zhang]] | | manager = [[Antonio Conte]] | | league = [[Seri A]] | | season = 2023/24 | | position = [[Serie A]] (1) | pattern_la1 = _internazionale2425h | pattern_b1 = _internazionale2425h | pattern_ra1 = _internazionale2425h | pattern_sh1 = _internazionale2425h | pattern_so1 = _internazionale2425hl | leftarm1 = 0041FF | body1 = 000000 | rightarm1 = 000000 | shorts1 = 000000 | socks1 = 000000 | pattern_la2 = _internazionale2425a | pattern_b2 = _internazionale2425a | pattern_ra2 = _internazionale2425a | pattern_sh2 = _internazionale2425a | pattern_so2 = _internazionale2425al | leftarm2 = F1F6F7 | body2 = F1F6F7 | rightarm2 = F1F6F7 | shorts2 = F1F6F7 | socks2 = F1F6F7 | pattern_la3 = _internazionale2425t | pattern_b3 = _internazionale2425t | pattern_ra3 = _internazionale2425t | pattern_sh3 = _internazionale2425t | pattern_so3 = _internazionale2425tl | leftarm3 = ffcc00 | body3 = ffcc00 | rightarm3 = ffcc00 | shorts3 = 000050 | socks3 = ffcc00 }} [[File:San Siro Stadium, Inter fans Derby - 2009.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Stadhion Giuseppe Meazza Kandhang Inter Milan & AC Milan]] '''Football Club Internazionale Milano S.p.A''' utawa luwih kaloka kanthi jeneng '''Inter [[Milan]]''' utawa jejuluk liyané '''il Nerazurri''' (si biru ireng), '''il Biscone''' (si ula gedhé), lan uga '''La Beneamata''' (kang paling disayang) yaiku sawijining klub bal-balan utawa [[sepakbola]] [[Italia]], kang main ing [[Seri A]] (divisi kapisan). == Sajarah == Klub iki diadhegaké ing [[9 Maret]] [[1908]] sawisé pecahé ''Klub Kriket lan Sepak bola Milan'' (Milan Criket and Football Club), kang saiki luwih kaloka kanthi jeneng [[AC Milan]]. Sawijining grup sing anggotané wong-wong Italia lan Switserlan ora pati seneng marang dominasi wong-wong Inggris & Italia ing AC Milan saéngga mutusaké misah saka AC Milan. Jeneng Internazionale dijupuk saka kepinginané para pendiri kanggo nggawé sawijining klub kang para pemainé akèh sing asalé saka nagara-nagara njaba. Klub iki dadi juara ing taun [[1910]] lan kapidhoné ing taun [[1920]]. Sajeroning mangsa perang, klub iki dipeksa ngganti jenengé dadi ''Ambrosiana-Inter'' kanggo nyesuaiaké diri karo kepemimpinan [[Benito Mussolini]]. Sanajan mangkono, Inter isih tetep bisa menangaké trofi katelu ing taun 1930. Sakbanjuré, trofi kapapat dimenangké ing taun 1938. Inter, sapisanan menangké Copa Italia (Piala Italia) ing taun 1940 lan ing taun iku uga Inter menangaké trofi ka lima. Wiwit taun 1942 nganti sapréné, jeneng [[Ambrosiana-Inter]] ora naté dianggo manèh lan Inter nganggo jeneng asliné yaiku ''Internazionale Milano''. Sawisé perang, Inter ngrengkuh gelar Seri A manèh ing taun 1953 lan kang kaping pitu ana ing taun 1954. Sawisé menang sawatara trofi iki, Inter wiwit lumebu ing mangsa keemasan kang ingaran '''Grande Inter'''. Sajeroning mangsa keemasan mau, Inter menangaké telu trofi ing taun 1963, 1965, lan 1966. Wektu-wektu iki, Inter uga misuwur amarga kemenangané ing [[Piala Éropa]] kaping pidho berturut-turut. Ing taun 1963, Inter menangaké trofi Piala Éropa sawisé ngalahaké klub kondhang [[Real Madrid]]. Mangsa sabanjuré, main ing kandangé, Inter menangaké trofi Piala Éropa kanggo kaping pindhoné kanthi ngalahaké klub saka [[Portugal]], [[Benfica]]. Sawisé mangsa keemasan ing taun 1960, Inter kasil menangaké gelar ka sewelas ing taun 1971 lan ka rolas ing taun 1980. Ana ing taun 1970 lan 1980, Inter uga menangaké loro trofi Piala Italia ing taun 1978 lan 1982. Inter kasil ngrengkuh gelar ''scudetto'' kang kaping telulas ana ing taun 1989 lan mbutuhaké wektu sing suwé nganti 17 taun lagi bisa menang manèh ing taun 2006, nanging nganggo cara liya sing ora biyasa yaiku "Scudetto of Honesty" (juara saka kejujuran), amarga Inter ora salah sajeroning skandal ''calciopoli'' kang nyeret sawatara klub gedhé Italia kang kabuktèkaké salah lan éntuk ganjaran penalti pengurangan poin uga pencopotan gelar juara sadurungé. Nembé taun 2007 Inter kasil dadi juara bertahan, sisan ngukir rekor kanthi 17 kamenangan beruntun ing kompetisi lokal. Gelar iki ndadèkaké Inter ping 15 dadi juara peringkat ka telu sajeroning jumlah gelar sajeroning kompetisi Seri A. Ing peringkat ngisoré [[Juventus]] kaping 27 lan [[AC Milan]] kaping 17. Sanajan mangkono, Inter minangka siji-sijiné tim Seri A kang durung naté terdegradasi wiwit Seri A diguliraké, mulané iku sajeroning lagu kebangsaané '''C'e solo l'Inter''' (mung ana Inter siji-sijiné) disebutaké yèn Inter duwé gèn Seri A lan ora tepung karo Seri liyané. Internazionale uga menang ing [[Piala UEFA]] kaping telu. Pisanan ing mangsa 1990/1991 nglawan [[AS Roma]]/ ing mangsa 1993/1994, Inter ngrengkuh gelar Piala UEFA kanthi ngalahaké klub [[Ostenrik]] [[Casino Salzburg]]. Ing kamenangan Piala [[UEFA]] kang kaping telu, Inter ngalahaké [[SS Lazio]] ing [[Parc des Princes]], [[Paris]]. === Présidhèn Klub === {| |valign="top"| * 1908 - 1909 = Giovanni Paramithiotti * 1909 - 1910 = Ettore Strauss * 1910 - 19112 = Carlo De Medici * 1912 - 1914 = Emilio Hirzel * 1914 - 1914 = Luigi Ansbacher * 1914 - 1919 = Giuseppe Visconti Di Modrone * 1919 - 1920 = Giorgio Hulss * 1920 - 19223 = Francesco Mauro * 1923 - 1926 = Enrico Olivetti * 1926 - 1929 = Senatore Borletti |width="50"|&nbsp; |valign="top"| * 1929 - 1930 = Ernesto Torrusio * 1930 - 1932 = Oreste Simonotti * 1932 - 1942 = Ferdinando Pozzani * 1942 - ? Mèi 1955 = Carlo Masseroni * 28 Mèi 1955 - 1968 = Angelo Moratti * 1968 - 1984 = Ivanoe Fraizzoli * 1984 - ? Fèbruari 1995 = Ernesto Pellegrini * 18 Fèbruari 1995 - 30 Januari 2004 = Massimo Moratti * 30 Januari 2004 - 4 September 2006 = [[Giacinto Facchetti]] * 2006-2015 = Massimo Moratti * 2015-2018 = Erick Tohir * 2018-sekarang = Steven Zang|} == Stadion == [[Stadion]] tim Inter wektu iki yaiku [[Stadion Giuseppe Meazza]] kang kapasitasé 85.000 pemirsa. Stadion iki uga kaloka kanthi jeneng [[San Siro]]. Stadion iki dibukak kanthi Tetandhingan Derby antara AC.Milan nglawan Inter, kang dimenangaké déning Inter kanthi skor 6 - 3. Stadion iki digunakaké bebarengan karo [[AC Milan]] ("AC Milan"), klub gedhé liyané ing Milan. Suporter AC Milan nggunakaké "San Siro" kanggo nyebut stadion iku amarga mbiyèné [[Giuseppe Meazza]] sawijining juru main bintang Inter lan ora pati seneng siji lan sijiné. Sadurungé Stadio Giuseppe Meazza, Inter nggunakaké [[Stadio Arena]]. == Rekor == Inter dadi siji-sijiné klub ing [[Seri A]] kang ora tau mudhun ka [[Seri B]], déné klub [[Juventus]] tau mudhun ka Seri B ing mangsa 2006/2007 amarga terkait kasus ''[[Calciopoli]]'' utawa pengaturan skor tetandhingan. tu ma lercia == Pemain Paling Apik == Pemain paling apik Inter sepanjang mangsa yaiku: {| |valign="top"| * [[Corrado Aebi]] * [[Virgilio Fossati]] * [[Luigi Cevenini]] * [[Pino Fossati]] * [[Giuseppe Meazza]] * [[Giovanni Ferrari]] * [[Stefano Nyers]] * [[Naka Skoglund]] * [[Faas Wilkes]] * [[Annibale Frossi]] |width="50"|&nbsp; |valign="top"| * [[Benito Lorenzi]] * [[Gino Armano]] * [[Lorenzo Buffon]] * [[Sandro Mazzola]] * [[Giacinto Facchetti]] * [[Angelo Domenghini]] * [[Armando Picchi]] * [[Aristide Guarneri]] * [[Tarcisio Burgnich]] * [[Roberto Boninsegna]] |width="50"|&nbsp; |valign="top"| * [[Luis Suarez]] * [[Giorgio Ghezzi]] * [[Alessandro Altobelli]] * [[Evaristo Beccalossi]] * [[Karl Heinz Rummenigge]] * [[Giuseppe Baresi]] * [[Giuseppe Bergomi]] * [[Walter Zenga]] * [[Lothar Matthäus]] * [[Andreas Brehme]] |width="50"|&nbsp; |valign="top"| * [[Juergen Klinsmann]] * [[Roberto Baggio]] * [[Ronaldo]] * [[Dennis Bergkamp]] * [[Matthias Sammer]] * [[Marco Tardelli]] * [[Angelo Peruzzi]] * [[Francesco Toldo]] * [[Ramon Diaz]] * [[Christian Vieri]] |width="50"|&nbsp; |valign="top"| * [[Javier Zanetti]] * [[Emre Belözoğlu]] * [[Adriano Leite Ribeiro]] * [[Alvaro Recoba]] * [[Obafemi Martins]] * [[Edgar Davids]] * [[Juan Sebastian Veron]] * [[Kily Gonzales]]. |} == Nomor Kang Diabadèkaké == 3 [[Giacinto Facchetti]] == Gelar == * Seri A '''19''' 1909/10 1919/20 1929/30 1937/38 1939/40 1952/53 1953/54 1962/63 1964/65 1965/66 1970/71 1979/80 1988/89 2005/06(1) 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10, 2020/21 (1) FIGC nyataake Internazionale minangka Juara Seri A sawisé Juventus kabukti terlibat sajeroning ''Calciopoli''. * [[Liga Champions|Piala/Liga Champions]] '''3''' 1963/64 1964/65 2009/10 * [[Piala Italia]] '''6''' 1938/39 1977/78 1981/82 2004/05 2005/06 2009/10 * [[Piala UEFA]] '''3''' 1990/91 1993/94 1997/98 * [[Piala Interkontinental]] '''2''' 1964 1965 * [[Piala Super Italia]] '''3''' 1989 2005 2006 * Copa Presidente De La Republica '''1''' 1982 * Copa Santiago Bernabeu '''1''' 2001 * Coppa Dell'Amicizia Italo-Francese '''1''' 1959 * Coppa Pirelli '''7''' 1996 1997 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 * Coppa Sky '''1''' 2004 * Coppa Sud Tirol '''2''' 2003 2005 * Memorial Giorgio Ghezzi '''1''' 1992 * Memorial Luigi Campedelli '''1''' 1993 * Mohamed V Trophy '''1''' 1962 * Torneo Natale Milano '''1''' 1934 * Torneo Milano '''1''' 1993 * Trofeo Valle D'Aosta '''1''' 1998 * Trofeo Birra Moretti '''2''' 2001 2002 * Trofeo Ciudad De Vigo '''1''' 1996 * Trofeo Vincenzo Spagnolo '''1''' 1998 * Triangolare Bolzano '''1''' 2005 === Final === * Piala/Liga Champions '''3''' 1966/67 1971/72 2009/10 * Piala UEFA '''1''' 1996/97 * Piala Éropa Tengah (Central Europe Cup) atau (Piala Mitropa) '''1''' 1933 (Mbiyen Piala Mitropa duwé kalungguhan kang padhakaro [[Piala/Liga Champions]] ing jaman saiki) * Piala Italia '''3''' 1958/59 1964/65 1976/77 1999/00 === Rivalitas & Head To Head === == Ing Italia == AC Milan FC Juventus == Rivalitas Ing Éropa == Real Madrid == Pranala njaba == * [https://www.inter.it/ Situs Resmi] * [http://www.interclub.or.id/ Situs Tifosi Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210405/http://www.interclub.or.id/ |date=2007-09-27 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071008092250/http://www.iostoconmancini.com/ Situs Inter-Roberto Mancini] * [http://www.archivio.inter.it Situs Resmi Statistik & Sejarah] * [http://www.storiainter.com Situs Statistik & Sejarah] * [http://www.forza-inter.com/forums/ Forum Forza Inter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010013035/http://www.forza-inter.com/forums/ |date=2007-10-10 }} * [http://only-inter.fateback.com/default.htm Only Inter Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107160715/http://only-inter.fateback.com/default.htm |date=2006-11-07 }} * [http://www.intermilan-online.com Inter Milan Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009172734/http://www.intermilan-online.com/ |date=2007-10-09 }} * [http://www.interfans.org Inter Fans] * [http://www.archiviotoro.it Situs Statistik FC.Internazionale vs Torino Calcio] * [http://www.asia.groups.yahoo.com/group/all4one-1forall-just4all Milis Data, Fakta , Stats & Sejarah]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://youtube.com/watch?v=FKTIZTzil3k C'e solo l'Inter] {{Seri A}} [[Kategori:Inter Milan| ]] [[Kategori:Tim bal-balan Italia]] == Werna lan Lambang == Lambang klub kasebut yaiku huruf FCIM ing njeroné bunder, kang dirancang ana ing taun 1908, pelukis sing ngrancang logo klub kang isih eksis nganti saiki iku jenengé [[Giorgio Muggiani]] kang uga dadi salah sawijining wong sing miwiti pawangunan Inter. Inter idhentik karo werna ireng lan biru. Werna ireng nggambarake pepeteng ing wayah wengi lan werna biru nggambarake langit. Sempet ana owah-owahan nalika Inter digabungaké karo Unione Sportiva Milanese ana ing taun 1928, yaiku kostum seragame kang diganti putih kang ana lambang salib abangé ana ing bagéyan dhadha, nanging sawise Perang Donya II rampung, Inter bali manèh menyang werna asline. pdgdy9v1m8ou7okckq31il1u3pmv6tt Luxemburg 0 18290 1760249 1746136 2026-11-06T09:38:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country | native_name = Grand-Duché de Luxembourg<br />Großherzogtum Luxemburg<br />Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg | common_name = Luxemburg | image_flag = Flag of Luxembourg.svg | image_coat = Greater coat of arms of the grand-duchy of Luxembourg.svg | image_map = LocationLuxembourg.png | national_motto = Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn<br />([[Basa Luksemburg|Luksemburg]]: "Kita péngin tetep ana ing endi kaya saiki") | national_anthem = [[Ons Hémécht]] | official_languages = [[Basa Prancis|Prancis]], [[Basa Jerman|Jerman]], [[Basa Luksemburg|Luksemburg]]<sup>1</sup> | capital = [[Luksemburg (kutha)|Luksemburg]] | capitals_coordinates = <small>{{coor dm id|49|36|N|6|7|E||LU|BT}}</small> | largest_city = [[Luksemburg (kutha)|Luksemburg]] | government_type = [[Kadhipaten]] | leader_titles = [[Haryapatih Luxemburg|Haryapatih]]<br />[[Perdana Menteri Luxemburg|Perdana Menteri]] | leader_names = [[Haryapatih Henri saka Luxemburg|Haryapatih Henri]]<br />[[Jean-Claude Juncker]] | area_rank = 167 | area_magnitude = | area = 2.586 | percent_water = mèh ora ana | population_estimate = 468.571 | population_estimate_year = 2005 | population_estimate_rank = 162 | population_census = - | population_census_year = - | population_density = 171 | population_density_rank = 45 | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = US$28,91 milyar | GDP_PPP_rank = 94 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = US$87.955 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 1 | sovereignty_type = [[Kemerdekaan]] | established_events = &nbsp;- Proklamasi<br />&nbsp;- Diakoni | established_dates = <br />[[1815]]<br />[[1839]] dan [[1867]] | currency = [[Euro]] <sup>2</sup> | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = +2 | cctld = .lu | calling_code = 352 | footnotes = 1. <small>Bahasa Luksemburg iku basa ''de jure'' wiwit 1984.</small> 2. <small>Valuta sadurungé 1999 iku [[Franc|Franc Luksemburg]].</small> }} '''Kadipatèn Luxemburg'''<ref>https://www.sastra.org/koran-majalah-dan-jurnal/kajawen/1959-kajawen-balai-pustaka-1937-11-17-1666</ref> utawi ingkang resmi dipunsebat Kadipaten Ageng Lëtzebuerg, punika salah satunggaling nagari ingkang alit saha boten gadhah palabuhan lajeng mapan wonten ing [[Éropa Kulon|Eropa Kulon]]. Nagari menika winatesan dening [[Bèlgi|Belgia]] wonten ing sisih kilen saha ler, [[Jerman]] wonten ing wetan, saha [[Prancis]] wonten ing kidul. Ibu kutha saha kutha ingkang paling akeh pendudukipun, inggih Lëtzebuerg,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/luxembourg/|title=Europe :: Luxembourg — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=12 December 2020|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109075735/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/luxembourg|url-status=dead}}</ref> punika salah satunggaling papan panaliti institusi [[Uni Éropa|Uni Eropa]] (sesarengan kaliyan [[Brussel]], [[Frankfurt]], saha [[Strasbourg]]) saha papan pinunggil institusi Uni Eropa, mligi Pengadilan Uni Eropa, ingkang peparengipun lingkungan hukum ingkang paling inggil.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cvce.eu/en/obj/decision_of_the_representatives_of_the_governments_of_the_member_states_on_the_location_of_the_seats_of_the_institutions_12_december_1992-en-c57a4cd5-71e9-4447-b126-912081822a50.html|title=Decision of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States on the location of the seats of the institutions (12 December 1992)|year=2014|website=[[Centre virtuel de la connaissance sur l'Europe]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013095409/https://www.cvce.eu/en/obj/decision_of_the_representatives_of_the_governments_of_the_member_states_on_the_location_of_the_seats_of_the_institutions_12_december_1992-en-c57a4cd5-71e9-4447-b126-912081822a50.html|archive-date=13 October 2019|access-date=24 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Luxembourg-capital|title=Luxembourg {{!}} national capital, Luxembourg|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=12 December 2020}}</ref> Budaya, tiyang, saha basa-basa Lëtzebuerg punika rumaket sanget kaliyan tetangganipun inggih Prancis saha Jerman; sinaosa Lëtzeburghish punika satunggal-satunggaling basa nasional tiyang Lëtzebuerg saha Kadipaten Ageng Lëtzebuerg,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/1984/02/24/n1/jo|title=Loi du 24 février 1984 sur le régime des langues|website=legilux.public.lu|access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Constitution du Grand Duché de Luxembourg|last=|first=|publisher=Brochure distribuée par la chambre des députés (48 pages)|year=2023|at=p. 4 : Chapter I, Section 1, article 4. "La langue du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg est le luxembourgeois. La loi règle l'emploi des langues luxembourgeoise, francaise et allemande."|language=french, luxembourgish, german}}</ref> ananging basa Prancis ingkang dipunginakaken kangge perundang-undangan, sarta katiga-tiga – Lëtzeburghish, Prancis saha Jerman – dipunginakaken kangge perkawis administratif wonten ing negari menika. Kanthi wilayah ingkang wontening 2.586 km persegi, Lëtzebuerg punika negara kaping 7 ingkang paling alit wonten ing [[Éropa|Eropa]].<ref name="europa1">{{cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1|title=Eurostat&nbsp;– Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table|publisher=Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu|access-date=21 February 2010}}</ref> Wonten warsa 2023, negari menika gadhah penduduk 660.809, ingkang ndadosaken Lëtzebuerg salah satunggaling negara ingkang paling sakedhik pendudukipun wonten ing Eropa,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://statistiques.public.lu/catalogue-publications/en-chiffres/2021/010421-demographie-en-chiffres.pdf|title=La démographie luxembourgeoise en chiffres|website=Le Portail des Statistiques|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321153835/https://statistiques.public.lu/catalogue-publications/en-chiffres/2021/010421-demographie-en-chiffres.pdf|archive-date=21 March 2022|access-date=1 November 2021}}</ref> sinaosa gadhah angka [[pertumbuhan penduduk]] ingkang paling inggil;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2002rank.html|title=Country comparison :: POPULATION growth rate|work=The World Factbook|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527070418/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook//rankorder/2002rank.html|archive-date=27 May 2016|access-date=16 April 2017}}</ref> tiyang manca nggatosaken kirang langkung kalih perangan pendudukipun.<ref>{{cite news|title=Piping Hot Gromperekichelcher, Only if You Pass the Sproochentest|last=Krouse|first=Sarah|date=1 January 2018|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|page=1}}</ref> Lëtzebuerg punika salah satunggaling negara demokrasi perwakilan ingkang dipun-bendhi dening [[raja konstitusional]], [[Adipati Ageng Henri]], ndadosaken nygari menika minangka satunggal-satunggaling kadipaten ageng ingkang isih berdaulat wonten ing dunya. Lëtzebuerg punika salah satunggaling negara maju kanthi ekonomi ingkang majeng saha gadhah [[Prodhuk dhomèstik bruto|PDB]] per kapita (PPP) ingkang paling inggil wonten ing dunya miturut anggitan [[IMF]] saha [[Bank Donya]]. Tingkat pembangunan manungsa saha keadilan [[LGBT]] nagari menika karanking antawisipun ingkang paling inggil wonten ing Eropa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rainbow-europe.org/country-ranking|title=Country Ranking - Rainbow Europe|website=rainbow-europe.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521004552/https://rainbow-europe.org/country-ranking|archive-date=21 May 2019|access-date=28 October 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kutha ingkang sumebar budayanipun kalebet bentengipun dipunpitadosi dening [[UNESCO]] wonten ing 1994 amargi pelestarian kelengkapan benteng saha lingkungan sejarahipun ingkang klentu.<ref name="UNESCO, World Heritage Convention">{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/699|title=City of Luxembourg: its Old Quarters and Fortifications|work=World Heritage List|publisher=UNESCO, World Heritage Convention|access-date=16 April 2017}}</ref> Lëtzebuerg punika anggota pendiri Uni Eropa, [[OECD]], [[Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa]], [[NATO]], saha [[Benelux]]. Nagari menika sampun mbakten wonten ing [[Dhéwan Kaamanan PBB|Dhéwan Keamanan PBB]] kaping sepindah wonten warsa 2013 saha 2014. == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} {{EU}} {{Éropa}} [[Kategori:Luksemburg]] {{geo-stub}} pvco4lv5zw72ckb4sgvme9p7061sqec Ghana 0 18552 1759974 1642758 2026-11-05T19:34:42Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Républik Ghana |native_name = |common_name = Ghana |image_flag = Flag of Ghana.svg |image_coat =Coat of arms of Ghana.svg |image_map = Ghana (orthographic projection).svg |map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=dark green |region= |region_color= |subregion= |subregion_color= }} |national_motto="Freedom and Justice" |national_anthem = {{vunblist |''[[God Bless Our Homeland Ghana]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emefa.myserver.org/Ghana.mp3 |title=Emefa.myserver.org |access-date=21 Dhésèmber 2010 |archive-date=2012-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426061344/http://www.emefa.myserver.org/Ghana.mp3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |{{small|''God Bless Our Homeland Ghana''}} |}} |official_languages = [[Basa Inggris|Inggris]]<ref name="The Ghanaian Government states that English is the official language">{{cite web |quote=The Ghanaian Government states that English is the official language. It is being widely used in business, law, and government documents, as well being taught throughout schools as a medium of instruction. For the official percentage of English language speakers in Ghana see [[List of countries by English-speaking population]] |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh |publisher=Government of Ghana |title=Welcome |year=2013 |access-date=5 Juni 2013}}</ref><ref name="Ghana – 2010 Population and Housing Census" /> |languages_type = [[Basa nasional]] |languages = {{hlist|[[Akuapem Twi]], [[Dhialèk Asante|Asante Twi]], [[Dagaare]], [[Basa Dagomba|Dagbani]], [[Basa Adangme|Dangme]], [[Basa Ewe|Ewe]], [[Basa Ga|Ga]], [[Basa Gonja|Gonja]], [[Basa Kasem|Kasem]], [[Dhialèk Fante|Fante]], [[Basa Nzema|Nzema]], [[Basa Wasa|Wasa]], [[Basa Talensi|Talensi]], [[Basa Frafra|Frafra]]}} |ethnic_groups_year = 2010<ref name="Ghana – 2010 Population and Housing Census">{{cite web |url=http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/Census2010_Summary_report_of_final_results.pdf |title=Ghana – 2010 Population and Housing Census |work=Government of Ghana |year=2010 |access-date=1 Juni 2013 |archive-date=2013-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925192147/http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/Census2010_Summary_report_of_final_results.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/People/Ethnic-groups |title=People > Ethnic groups: Countries Compared |publisher=NationMaster|access-date=22 Juli 2014}}</ref> |membership_type = [[Nationality]] and<br />[[Citizenship]] |membership = [[Paspor Ghana]] |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | {{nowrap|47,5% [[Wong Ashanti|Ashanti]]{{\}}[[Wong Akan|Akan]] <small>(11.5 yuta)</small>}} | 16,6% [[Wong Dagomba|Dagbani]]{{\}}[[Wong Mossi|Mole]] <small>(4 yuta)</small> | 13,9% [[Wong Ewe|Ewe]] <small>(2.9 yuta)</small> | 7,4% [[Wong Ga-Adangbe|Ga-Adangbe]] <small>(1.8 yuta)</small> | 5,7% [[Gurma]] <small>(0.7 yuta)</small> | 3,7% [[Wong Guan|Guan]]{{\}}[[Wong Gonja|Gonja]] <small>(0.3 yuta)</small> | 2,5% [[Gurunsi]] <small>(0.1 yuta)</small> | 1,1% [[Wong Bissa|Bissa]]{{\}}[[Wong Mande|Mande]] <small>(0.1 yuta)</small> | 1,6% Liyane <small>(0.1 yuta)</small> }} |capital = [[Accra]] |latd=5 |latm=33 |latNS=N |longd=0 |longm=12 |longEW=W <!--|largest_city = [[File:Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (KMA) logo.png|20px|link=Kumasi|Seal of Kumasi]] [[Kumasi]]<br />{{small|{{coord|6|40|N|1|37|W|display=inline}}}}--> |government_type = {{nowrap|[[Républik konstitusional]]<br />[[Sistem présidhènsial|présidhènsial]] [[Negara manunggal|manunggal]]}} |leader_title1 = [[Présidhèn Ghana|Présidhèn]] |leader_name1 = [[John Dramani Mahama]] |leader_title2 = [[Wakil Présidhèn Ghana|Wakil Présidhèn]] |leader_name2 = {{nowrap|[[Kwesi Amissah-Arthur]]}} |legislature = [[Parlemèn Ghana|Parlemèn]] |area_rank = 82 |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_km2 = 238,535 |area_sq_mi = 92,099 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = {{nowrap|4.61 (11,000&nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}{{\}}4,247&nbsp;mi{{smallsup|2}})}} |population_estimate = {{increase}} 27,043,093<ref name=popest>{{cite web |title=Population projection by sex, 2010 to 2014, National |publisher=Ghana Statistical Service |url=http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/National%20Population%20Projection_2010%20to%202014.pdf |access-date=3 Agustus 2014 |archive-date=2016-04-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416153615/http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/National%20Population%20Projection_2010%20to%202014.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_estimate_rank = 45 |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_census =24,2 yuta<ref name=unpop>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4712:2010-provisional-census-results-out&catid=88:daily-news-summary&Itemid=236 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615141322/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4712:2010-provisional-census-results-out&catid=88:daily-news-summary&Itemid=236 |archive-date=15 Juni 2011 |title=2010 Provisional Census Results Out |version=4 February 2011 |publisher= Population Division, Ghana Government |year=2010 |access-date=7 Fèbruari 2011 |author= Antoinette I. Mintah}}</ref> |population_census_year =2010 |population_density_km2 = 101.5 |population_density_sq_mi = 258.8 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 103 |GDP_PPP = $121,074 milyar<ref name=IMF>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=38&pr.y=8&sy=2016&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=652&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=|title=Ghana|publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = 70 |GDP_PPP_year = 2016 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4.390<ref name=IMF/> |GDP_nominal = $38,171 milyar<ref name=IMF/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 126 |GDP_nominal_rank = 69 |GDP_nominal_year = 2016 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1.384<ref name=IMF/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 126 | Gini_year = 2006 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 42.8 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref =<ref name="worldbank">{{cite web | url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?page=1 | title=GINI index – World Bank | publisher=[[World Bank]] | access-date=15 Dhésèmber 2014}}</ref> | Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2014<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.579 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report |year=2015 |access-date=15 Dhésèmber 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> |HDI_rank = 140 |sovereignty_type = Kamardikan {{nobold|saka Britania Raya}} |established_event1 = [[Gold Coast legislative election, 1956|Declared]] |established_date1 = 6 Mareh 1957 |established_event2 = [[Ghana (Commonwealth realm)|Realm]] |established_date2 = 6 Maret 1957 – 1 Juli 1960 |established_event3 = [[Républik]] |established_date3 = 1 Juli 1960 |established_event4 = [[Konstitusi Ghana|Konstitusi saiki]] |established_date4 = 28 April 1992 |currency = [[Ghana cedi]] (GH₵) |currency_code = GHS |country_code = GH |time_zone = [[GMT]] |utc_offset = +0 |drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic#Ghana|tengen]] |calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Ghana|+233]] |cctld = [[.gh]] |image_map3 = |map_caption3 = | footnotes = <div style="background:#ddf;padding:0.2em;font-size:135%;text-align:center;">'''[[Portal:Ghana|Republic of Ghana portal]]'''</div>}} '''Ghana''', kanthi resmi disebut '''Républik Ghana''' iku nagara ing [[Afrika]]. Ghana diwatesi karo [[Panté Gadhing]] ing sisih kulon, [[Burkina Faso]] ing sisih lor, [[Togo]] ing sisih wétan, lan [[Lempongan Guinea|teluk Guinea]] lan [[Samodra Atlantik]] ing sisih kidul. Kutha krajané yaiku [[Accra]]. Nagara iki nduwé padunung kurang luwih 27.043.093 lan jembaré ana 238.535&nbsp;km². Jembaré nagara iki arep kaping pindhoné [[Jawa|pulo Jawa]]. Ghana misuwur kanthi pangasil [[soklat]] gedhé dhéwé ing donya, liyané iku nagara iki uga misuwur pangasil [[alumuniyum]] akeh dhéwé ing Afrika. == Étimologi == Tembung Ghana duwé teges yaiku raja prajurit saka basa Soninke<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46851448|title=Introduction to African civilizations|last=Jackson, John G.|first=|last2=Rashidi, Runoko.|date=2001|publisher=Citadel Press|year=|isbn=0806521899|location=New York|pages=201|oclc=46851448}}</ref> lan sesebutan iku kanggo raja Karajan Ghana ing [[Abad Tengahan|abad tengahan]] ing Afrika Kulon. Nanging, karajan iki kapernah ing laladan Guinea lan sisih loré (adoh) saka negara Ghana modhèrn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/ghana|title=ghana Origin and meaning of the name ghana by Online Etymology Dictionary|last=|first=|date=|website=www.etymonline.com|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> == Iklim == Iklim ing Ghana yaiku tropis, kang dumadi rong mangsa yaiku [[mangsa udan]] lan [[mangsa katiga]]. {{Weather box |location = Ghana |collapsed = yes |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan high C = 30.1 |Feb high C = 31.2 |Mar high C = 31.6 |Apr high C = 31.0 |May high C = 30.0 |Jun high C = 28.3 |Jul high C = 27.1 |Aug high C = 26.8 |Sep high C = 27.4 |Oct high C = 28.6 |Nov high C = 30.0 |Dec high C = 29.5 |year high C = 29.2 |Jan low C = 24.5 |Feb low C = 25.8 |Mar low C = 26.2 |Apr low C = 26.2 |May low C = 25.4 |Jun low C = 24.6 |Jul low C = 23.5 |Aug low C = 23.2 |Sep low C = 23.6 |Oct low C = 24.2 |Nov low C = 24.3 |Dec low C = 24.1 |year low C = 24.6 |rain colour=green |Jan rain mm = 13.6 |Feb rain mm = 40.3 |Mar rain mm = 88.2 |Apr rain mm = 115.7 |May rain mm = 160.7 |Jun rain mm = 210.4 |Jul rain mm = 121.3 |Aug rain mm = 88.9 |Sep rain mm = 133.0 |Oct rain mm = 128.1 |Nov rain mm = 56.5 |Dec rain mm = 24.6 |year rain mm = 1184.1 |Jan rain days = 2 |Feb rain days = 2 |Mar rain days = 5 |Apr rain days = 7 |May rain days = 11 |Jun rain days = 14 |Jul rain days = 7 |Aug rain days = 6 |Sep rain days = 8 |Oct rain days = 9 |Nov rain days = 4 |Dec rain days = 2 |year rain days = |humidity colour= |Jan humidity= 79 |Feb humidity= 77 |Mar humidity= 77 |Apr humidity= 80 |May humidity= 82 |Jun humidity= 85 |Jul humidity= 85 |Aug humidity= 83 |Sep humidity= 82 |Oct humidity= 83 |Nov humidity= 80 |Dec humidity= 79 |year humidity= 85 |Jan sun = 214 |Feb sun = 204 |Mar sun = 223 |Apr sun = 213 |May sun = 211 |Jun sun = 144 |Jul sun = 142 |Aug sun = 155 |Sep sun = 171 |Oct sun = 220 |Nov sun = 240 |Dec sun = 235 |year sun = |source 1 = weatherbase.com<ref name="climate monitor">{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/city.php3?c=GH|title=Ghana Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)|access-date=1 Juni 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030004016/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/city.php3?c=GH|archive-date=30 Oktober 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |date=June 2013}} == Réferénsi == {{reflist}} {{Geographic location | Centre = Ghana | North = {{flagu|Burkina Faso}} | East = {{flagu|Togo}} | Southeast = '''[[Tlaga Volta]] & [[Lempongan Guinea]]''' | South = '''[[Lempongan Guinea]]''' | Southwest = '''Samodra Atlantik''' | West = {{flagu|Panté Gadhing}} }} {{Afrika}} [[Kategori:Ghana]] {{geo-stub}} 4lht9yvltk5flxz8ucr3fvh0cyhq37f Guatémala 0 18555 1760003 1733206 2026-11-05T20:19:05Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Guatemala}} '''Guatemala''' yaiku [[nagara]] ing [[Amerika Tengah]]. Kutha krajané yaiku Guatemala.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://syadiashare.com/nama-kutha |title=krajan-nagara-di-dunia.html Nama Kutha krajan Nagara di Dunia |access-date=2016-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250605105300/http://syadiashare.com/nama-kutha |archive-date=2025-06-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Guatemala wewatesan karo [[Mèksiko]] ing seblah lor, [[Belize]] ing seblah kulon laut, [[Honduras]] lan [[Èl Savador]] ing seblah tenggara. Cacahé pendhudhuk ing Guatemala yaiku 14.280.596 lan jembar wewengkoné 108.880&nbsp;km².<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.jogjabelajar.org/modul/e-smartschool/pnu/008/guatemala.htm |title=Guatemala |access-date=2012-09-16 |archive-date=2012-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024062703/http://www2.jogjabelajar.org/modul/e-smartschool/pnu/008/guatemala.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{Amérika Lèr}} [[Kategori:Guatemala]] {{geo-stub}} ssogpompmwhfd8inxum8uajxi2o2abh Lurung Gaza 0 19081 1760248 1732348 2026-11-06T09:35:56Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country or territory |native_name = <span style="line-height:1.33em;"><big> قطاع غزة רְצוּעַת עֵזָה </big></span> |conventional_long_name = Lurung Gaza |image_map = Gz-map2.png |latd=31 |latm=25 |latNS=N |longd=34 |longm=20 |longEW=E |largest_city = [[Kutha Gaza]] |official_languages = [[Arab]] Palestina (''[[de facto]]'') |government_type = {{nowrap|[[Hamas]]-led [[Gaza Strip government|government]] ([[de facto]])}}<br />[[Palestinian National Authority|Otoritas Nasional Palestina]] ([[de jure]]) |leader_title1 = [[Nayakotama]] [[De facto]] |leader_name1 = [[Ismail Haniyeh]] ([[Hamas]]) |leader_title2 = [[Nayakotama]] [[De jure]] |leader_name2 = [[Salam Fayyad]] ([[Third Way (Palestine)|Third Way|Dalan Katelu]]) |leader_title3 = [[President of the Palestinian National Authority|Presidhn Otoritas Nasional Palestina]] |leader_name3 = [[Mahmoud Abbas]] ([[Fatah]]) |area_rank = angka 212 |area_magnitude = 1 E7 |area_km2 = 360 |area_sq_mi = 130 |percent_water = |population_estimate = 1,482,405 |population_estimate_rank = angka 151<sup>1</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2007 |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = 3,823 |population_density_sq_mi = 10,586 |population_density_rank = angka 6<sup>1</sup> |GDP_PPP = $770 million |GDP_PPP_rank = angka 160<sup>1</sup> |GDP_PPP_year = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = 600 $ |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = angka 167<sup>1</sup> |sovereignty_type = Didegaké |sovereignty_note = 13 September, 1993 Oslo accords |established_event1 = Diparaf |established_date1 = PA wiwit nyekel kendhali sapérangan Mèi 1994, lan penuh ing September 2005 (Israèl tetep ngontrol [[airspace|ruang udara]] lan aksès maritim lepas pasisir) |currency = [[Israèli new sheqel|Sheqel]] (de facto) |currency_code = ILS |time_zone = |utc_offset = +2 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +3 |calling_code = 970 |footnote1 = Yèn bisa dianggep nagara mardika }} [[Gambar:Ancient Levant routes.png|thumb|left|300px|''The Via Maris'' (ungu), ''King's Highway'' (abang), lan jalur dhagang Levantine kuna liyané, c. 1300 BCE]] '''Lurung Gaza''' ({{lang-en|Gaza Strip}} {{lang-ar|قطاع غزة}} {{ArTranslit|''Qitˁɑ' Ġazzah/Qita' Ghazzah''}}, {{lang-he|רצועת עזה}} ''Retzu'at 'Azza'') dikenal uga kanthi jeneng ([[Basa|Indonesia: Jalur Gaza]]), iku tlatah lurung ing sadawaning pasisir [[Mediterranean Sea|Sagara Mediteran]], dadi tapel wates antara [[Egypt|Mesir]] ing kidul-kulon lan [[Israèl]] ing sisih lor-wétan. Dawané tlatah iki watara 41&nbsp;km, lan watara 6 lan 12&nbsp;km ambané, kanthi amba total 360&nbsp;km,<sup>2</sup>. Jeneng tlatah iki njupuk saka jeneng [[Gaza]], yaiku kutha mligi. Sing ndunungi watara 1.4 yuta, kabèh wong [[Palestina]].<!--{{Fact|date=October 2007}}--> Tlatah lurung iki lan kang ndunungi kanthi nominal dibawahi [[Palestinian National Authority|Otoritas Nasional Palestina (ONP)]], senajansawisé [[Battle of Gaza (2007)|pertempuran Gaza]] [[Juni 2007]], kendhali sakbeneré ana ing tangan [[Gaza Strip government|papréntahan ''de facto'']] kang didominasi déning [[Hamas]]. Israèl ngontrol [[wewengkon udara]] lan aksès maritim lepas pasisir. Lurung Gaza wektu iki ora diakoni kanthi internasional minangka péranganing sawenèh nagara kang ndarbèni kadhaulatan dhéwé. == Sajarah == === Sajarah kuna === [[Gambar:Southeast mediterranean annotated geography.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Israèl lan tlatah Mediteran kidul-wétan]] Cathetan sajarah kutha Gaza kang pisanan kasebutake ing ''Pharaoh'' ''[[Thutmose III]]'' (dinasti angka 18; abad angka 15 BCE), sanajan kanyatane mesthi tlatah mau wis ana luwih lawas saka apa kang tinulis kanthi resmi. Gaza uga wis kapacak ing ''[[Amarna letters|Tell el-Amarna tablets]]'', sawijining cathetan diplomatik lan administratif [[Mesir]] kuna. Amarga panggonané kang strategis ing ''[[Via Maris]]'' (delengen peta), dalan pasisir kuna kang ngubungaké[[Mesir]] karo [[Palestina]] lan tlatah samburiné, Gaza wiwit biyèn ora tau tentrem. Tlatah Gaza, miturut sajarah minangka pusat dhagang kang sugih, dumunung ing jalur sagara. Tlatah iki dikuwasani Mesir punjul 300 taun nalika bangsa [[Philistines|Filistin]] nguwasani lan manggon ing kutha mau lan tlatah saubengé. Gaza dadi pusat dhagang Filistin lan péranganing [[Pentapolis]] (liga lima kutha). Kitab Injil mratélakaké bab Gaza minangka panggonan [[Samson]] didadèkaké batur tukon déning [[Delilah]] lan mati nalika ngrubuhaké kuil [[Dagon]].<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article1949775.ece] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907214539/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article1949775.ece |date=2008-09-07 }}[http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9036254/Gaza] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018090114/http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9036254/Gaza |date=2007-10-18 }}</ref> <!--It fell to the [[Israèlite]] [[King David]] in [[1000 BCE]]. The area fell to the [[Assyrian]]s in [[732 BCE]], to the Egyptians, to the [[Babylonian]]s in [[586 BCE]], [[Persia]]ns in [[525 BCE]], and the Greeks. [[Alexander the Great]] met stiff resistance there in [[332 BCE]]. After conquering it, he sold its inhabitants into slavery.[http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9036254/Gaza] [http://www.bpnews.net/bpnews.asp?ID=23777][http://www.archaeologynews.org/link.asp?ID=193104&Title=Abbas%20to%20inaugurate%20Gaza%20exhibition%20in%20Switzerland] In 145 BCE Gaza was conquered by [[Jonathan Maccabaeus|Jonathan the Hasmonean]] (Brother of [[Judas Maccabeus|Judah the Maccabee]]). In [[Hellenistic]] and [[Roman Empire|Roman times]] the harbour, about 3 miles (5 km) from the city proper, was called Neapolis (Greek: “New City”). It was conquered by [[Arabs]] in the 630s after a siege during which the Jewish population of the city defended it alongside the [[Byzantine]] garrison. Believed to be the site where [[Muhammad]]'s great grandfather was buried, the city became an important Islamic center. In the 12th century, Gaza was taken by Christian [[Crusader]]s; it returned to [[Muslim]] control in 1187. The area fell to the [[Ottomans]] in 1517.--> <!--===Ottoman and British control (1517-1948)=== In [[1517]] Gaza fell to the [[Ottomans]] and was part of the [[Ottoman Empire]] until the [[World War I|First World War]]. Starting in the early 19th century, Gaza was culturally dominated by neighboring Egypt. Though part of the Ottoman Empire, a large number of its residents were Egyptians (and their descendants) who had fled political turmoil. [http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-savage20jun20,0,263343.story?coll=la-opinion-center] The region served as a battlefield during the [[World War I|First World War]] (1914-18). The Gaza Strip was taken by the British in the [[Third Battle of Gaza]] on 7 November 1917. Following [[World War I]], Gaza became part of the [[British Mandate of Palestine|British mandate for Palestine]] under the authority of the [[League of Nations]]. [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761579828_2/Gaza_Strip.html] British rule of Palestine ended with the [[Israèli War of Independence]] in 1948.--> <!--===Egyptian occupation (1948-67)=== {{main|Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt}} According to the terms of the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181|1947 United Nations partition plan]], the Gaza area was to become part of a new [[Palestinian state|Palestinian Arab state]]. The Arabs rejected the United Nations plan. Following the dissolution of the [[British mandate of Palestine]] and [[1947-1948 Civil War in Palestine]], Israèl [[Declaration of Independence (Israèl)|declared its independence]] in May 1948. The Egyptian army invaded the area from the south, starting the [[1948 Arab-Israèli War]]. [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761579828_2/Gaza_Strip.html] The Gaza Strip as it is known today was the product of the subsequent [[1949 Armistice Agreements]] between Egypt and Israèl, often referred to as the [[Green Line (Israèl)|Green Line]]. Egypt occupied the Strip from 1949 (except for four months of Israèli occupation during the 1956 [[Suez Crisis]]) until 1967. The Strip's population was greatly augmented by an influx of Palestinian Arab refugees who fled or were expelled from Israèl during the fighting. Towards the end of the war, the [[All-Palestine Government]] (Arabic: حكومة عموم فلسطين ''hukumat 'umum Filastin'') was proclaimed in [[Gaza|Gaza City]] on 22 September 1948 by the [[Arab League]]. It was conceived partly as an Arab League attempt to limit the influence of [[Transjordan]] over the Palestinian issue. The government was not recognized by Transjordan or any non-Arab country. It was little more than a façade under Egyptian control, had negligible influence or funding, and subsequently moved to [[Cairo]]. Palestinians living in the Gaza Strip or Egypt were issued All-Palestine passports until 1959, when [[Gamal Abdul Nasser]], President of Egypt, annulled the All-Palestine government by decree. Egypt never annexed the Gaza Strip, but instead treated it as occupied territory and administered it through a military governor. [http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/Gaza_Strip/m0003877.html?from=hotlink] The refugees were never offered Egyptian citizenship nor permitted to enter Egypt. During the [[Suez Crisis|Sinai campaign of November 1956]], the Gaza Strip and the [[Sinai Peninsula]] were overrun by Israèli troops. International pressure soon forced Israèl to withdraw. Israèl captured the Gaza Strip during the 1967 [[Six Day War]].--> <!--===Israèli occupation (1967-2005)=== The area was again occupied by [[Israèl]] in the [[Six-Day War]] in June [[1967]]. The military occupation was to last for 38 years, until 2005. During the six day war Israèli unmarked fighter planes fired on a US ship off the coast.It is believed this was a ploy to incite America into believing this was an attack by the Palastinians and retalation would be executed. However while some Americans on board the ship{ name needed ) were killed no action was taken against Israèl or Palastine. During the period of occupation Israèli created a settlement bloc, [[Gush Katif]] in the south west corner of the Strip near [[Rafah]] near the Egyptian border. Besides ideological reasons for being there, the settlement bloc also served Israèl's security concerns. The Gaza Strip remained under Israèli military administration until 1994. During that period the military administration was also responsible for the maintenance of civil facilities and services. In March 1979 [[Israèl]] and [[Egypt]] signed the [[Israèl-Egypt Peace Treaty]]. Among other things, the treaty provided for the withdrawal by Israèl of its armed forces and civilians from the Sinai Peninsula which Israèl had captured during the 1967 [[Six-Day War]]. The final status of the Gaza Strip as with relations between Israèl and Palestinians was not dealt with in the treaty. The treaty did settle the international border between Gaza Strip and Egypt. Egypt renounced all territorial claims to the region beyond the international border. In May 1994, following the Palestinian-Israèli agreements known as the [[Oslo Accords]], a phased transfer of governmental authority to the Palestinians took place. Much of the Strip (except for the settlement blocs and military areas) came under [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian Authority]] control. The Israèli forces left [[Gaza|Gaza City]] and other urban areas, leaving the new Palestinian Authority to administer and police the Strip. The Palestinian Authority, led by [[Yasser Arafat]], chose Gaza City as its first provincial headquarters. In September 1995, Israèl and the [[Palestine Liberation Organization|PLO]] signed [[Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip|a second peace agreement]] extending the Palestinian Authority to most [[West Bank]] towns. The agreement also established an elected 88-member [[Palestinian National Council]], which held its inaugural session in Gaza in March 1996. The [[Second Intifada]] broke out in September 2000. In February 2005, the Israèli government voted to implement a [[Israèl's unilateral disengagement plan|unilateral disengagement plan]] from the Gaza Strip. The plan began to be implemented on [[15 August]], [[2005]] (the day after [[Tisha B'av]]) and was completed on [[12 September]], [[2005]]. Under the plan, all [[Israèli settlement]]s in the Gaza Strip (and four in the West Bank) and the nearby [[Erez bloc]] were dismantled with the removal of all 9,000 Israèli settlers (most of them in the [[Gush Katif]] settlement area in the Strip's southwest) and military bases. On 12 September 2005 the Israèli cabinet formally declared an end to military rule in the Gaza Strip after 38 years of control. To avoid any allegation that it was still in occupation of any part of the Gaza Strip, Israèl also withdrew from the [[Philadelphi Route]], which is a narrow strip adjacent to the Strip's border with [[Egypt]], after Egypt's agreement to secure its side of the border. Under the [[Oslo Accords]] the [[Philadelphi Route]] was to remain under Israèli control, to prevent the smuggling of materials (such as ammunition) and people across the border with Egypt. With Egypt agreeing to patrol its side of the border, it was hoped that the objective would be achieved.--> <!--===Palestinian Authority control (2005-2007)=== In accordance with the [[Oslo Accords]], the [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian Authority]] took over the administrative authority of the Gaza Strip (other than the settlement blocs and military areas) in 1994. After the complete [[Israèl's unilateral disengagement plan|Israèli withdrawal]] of Israèli settlers and military from the Gaza Strip on 12 September 2005, the Palestinian Authority had complete administrative authority in the Gaza Strip. Palestinians maintain that the Israèli occupation is not over because Israèl still controls Gazan borders, airspace and territorial waters. The Israèli [[human rights]] organization [[B'tselem]] said in November 2006 that "the broad scope of Israèli control in the Gaza Strip creates a strong case for the claim that Israèl's occupation of the Gaza Strip continue." <ref>[http://www.btselem.org/English/Gaza_Strip/20061116_Brief_on_Gaza.asp Gaza Humanitarian Crisis - A Joint Statement by Israèl 's leading human rights organizations].</ref> [[University of London]], School of Oriental and African Studies, law professor Iain Scobbie noted in 2006 that "Israèl retains absolute authority over Gaza’s airspace and territorial sea. It is manifestly exercising governmental authority in these areas.... it is clear that Israèli withdrawal of land forces did not terminate occupation." <ref>[http://www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR26/FMR2608.pdf Is Gaza still occupied territory?], Forced Migration Review.</ref> And according to some Palestinians, Israèl's occupation of the Gaza Strip continued. "They control the water, the sky and the passages. How can you say occupation is over?" said Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat in 2005. <ref>[http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/27030/edition_id/518/format/html/displaystory.html Is Gaza still occupied?], The Jewish News Weekly of Northern California, Friday September 16, 2005.</ref> Similar viewpoints have been presented by many other Palestinian organizations and leaders.<ref>[http://www.aljazeerah.info/News%20archives/2005%20News%20Archives/September/12%20n/PLO,%20PNA%20Gaza%20Is%20Still%20Occupied,%20Dahlan%20Israèl%20Deluding%20Itself%20If%20It%20Believes%20Its%20Occupation%20Has%20Now%20Ended.htm PLO, PNA: Gaza Is Still Occupied].</ref><ref>[http://www.palestinemonitor.org/new_web/disengagement_plan_gaza_Palestine.htm The Israèli “Disengagement” Plan: Gaza Still Occupied].</ref> <ref>[http://www.prc.org.uk/data/aspx/d8/3878.aspx Gaza Still Occupied: Israèli Report].</ref> The Al Mezan Center for Human Rights also argues that the Gaza Strip remains occupied by Israèl.<ref>[http://www.mezan.org/site_en/campaign_disengagement/index.php GAZA STILL OCCUPIED!]</ref> Prior to Israèl's withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, the [[United States]] considered the Gaza Strip to be an Israèl-occupied territory. Following the withdrawal, no official US government statement has been made on the status of the Strip. However, the [[CIA World Factbook]] (which is an official U.S. government publication), which was last updated in 2007, continues to list the Gaza Strip as an [[Israèli-occupied territories|Israèli-occupied territory]]. Hamas won the [[Palestinian legislative election, 2006|2006 Palestinian legislative elections]]. However, when a Hamas-controlled government was formed, continuing to refuse to recognise Israèl, renounce violence and agree to honour agreements previously made by the PLO, Israèl, the United States, Canada, and the [[European Union]] froze all funds to the Hamas-controlled government. They view Hamas as a [[terrorist]] organization. In December 2006, news reports indicated that a number of Palestinians were leaving the Gaza Strip, due to political disorder and economic stagnation there.<ref> [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2006/12/09/international/i104249S77.DTL More Palestinians flee homelands], Sarah El Deeb, Associated Press, December 9, 2006. </ref> In January 2007, fighting continued between [[Hamas]] and [[Fatah]], without any progress towards resolution or reconciliation. The worst clashes occurred in the northern Gaza Strip, where Gen. [[Muhammed Gharib]], a senior commander of the Fatah-dominated [[Preventative Security Force]], was killed when a rocket hit his home. Gharib's two daughters and two bodyguards were also killed in the attack, which was carried out by Hamas gunmen.<ref name=jp200713a> [http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467655416&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull Hamas, Fatah continue clashes; 8 killed], jpost.com, 1/3/07. </ref> At the end of January 2007, it appeared that a newly-negotiated truce between Fatah and Hamas was starting to take hold .<ref> [http://apnews.excite.com/article/20070131/D8N050P00.html Palestinian Cease-Fire Holds on 1st Day], Ibrahim Barzak, 1/31/07, Associated Press; [http://apnews.excite.com/article/20070130/D8MVFSI00.html Cease-Fire Starts Taking Hold in Gaza] Ibrahim Barzak, 1/30/07, Associated Press. </ref> However, after a few days, new fighting broke out.<ref> [http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070201/wl_nm/palestinians_dc Hamas attacks convoy] Associated Press, 2/1/07. </ref> Fatah fighters stormed a Hamas-affiliated university in the Gaza Strip. Officers from Abbas' presidential guard battled Hamas gunmen guarding the Hamas-led Interior Ministry.<ref> [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070202/ap_on_re_mi_ea/israel_palestinians Gaza erupts in fatal clashes after truce], Associated Press, 2/2/07. </ref> In May 2007, the deal between Hamas and Fatah appeared to be weaker, as new fighting broke out between the factions. This was considered a major setback. <ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070515/ap_on_re_mi_ea/israel_palestinians Hamas kills 8 in Gaza border clash], By Ibrahim Barzak, Associated Press Writer, 5/15/07. </ref> Interior Minister [[Talab al-Qawasmi|Hani Qawasmi]], who had been considered a moderate civil servant acceptable to both factions, resigned due to what he termed harmful behavior by both factions. <ref> [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070515/ap_on_re_mi_ea/israel_palestinians_34;_ylt=AjoLFAN_35SNS_Y9GqjHedwUvioA Top Palestinian security official quits] By Sarah El Deeb, Associated Press, 5/14/07; [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6653437.stm Resignation deepens Gaza crisis], BBC, 5/14/07. </ref> Fighting spread in the Gaza Strip with both factions attacking vehicles and facilities of the other side. In response to constant attacks by rocket fire from the Gaza Strip, Israèl launched an air strike which destroyed a building used by Hamas. Some Palestinians said the violence could bring the end of the [[Palestinian government of March 2007|Fatah-Hamas coalition government]], and possibly the end of the Palestinian authority. <ref> [http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070516/ts_nm/palestinians_dc Israèl attacks in Gaza amid factional violence], by Nidal al-Mughrabi, Associated Press, 5/16/07. </ref> [[Hamas]] spokeman [[Moussa Abu Marzouk]] blamed Israèl and the [[EU]] for the worsening situation in the Strip. As the situation worsened and his government was on the verge of collapse, he indicated no acceptance of the idea that maybe the way to give the Palestinian people a better life is by working towards some form of mutual recognition and acceptance, instead of just continuing to call for more conflict and war. <ref> [http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1178708616387&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull Hamas Blames World], Associated Press, 5/16/07. </ref> Expressions of concerns were received from many Arab leaders, with many offering to try to help by doing some diplomatic work between the two factions. <ref> [http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20070516/wl_mideast_afp/mideastpalestinian Gaza bloodshed alarms West's Arab allies] by Hala Boncompagni, Associated Press, 5/16/07. </ref> One journalist wrote an eyewitness account stating: <blockquote> Today I have seen people shot before my eyes, I heard the screams of terrified women and children in a burning building, and I argued with gunmen who wanted to take over my home. I have seen a lot in my years as a journalist in Gaza, but this is the worst it's been.--> <!--<ref> [http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1178708618493&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull Eyewitness: Carnage in Gaza], By Ibrahim Barzak, Asoociated Press, (via Jpost website), 5/16/07. </ref> </blockquote>--> <!--===Hamas control (2007-Present)=== In [[June 2007]], the [[Fatah-Hamas conflict|Palestinian Civil War]] between [[Hamas]] (Islamic Resistance Movement) and [[Fatah]] (Palestine Liberation Movement) intensified. Hamas routed Fatah, and by [[14 June]], [[2007]], the Gaza Strip was completely [[Battle of Gaza (2007)|overtaken by Hamas]], resulting in a de facto [[Gaza Strip government|government]] maintaining it is the legitimate government of the [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian Authority]]. Retaliation by Fatah against Hamas in the [[West Bank]] has led to the opposite result there. Hamas continues to consolidate its position in Gaza. It has ousted Fatah-linked officials from positions of power and authority in the Strip (such as government positions, security services, universities, newspapers etc) and is in the process of consolidating its monopoly of fire power by progressively removing guns from the hands of peripheral militias, clans, and criminal groups. It is also harassing journalists.<ref name=AI_torn>{{cite web| url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE210202007| title=Torn apart by factional strife| publisher=[[Amnesty International]]| date=[[24 October]], [[2007]]| accessdate=2007-10-23}}</ref> While clamping down on lawlessness in the Strip, it has made no effort to control the continued firing of [[Qassam rockets]] from the Strip across the border into Israèl, targeted at Israèli civilians.--> <!--===Current status=== The [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian Authority]] has been responsible for the civil and security administration in the Gaza Strip since 1994. There have been no Israèli settlements or military bases in the Gaza strip since the [[Israèl's unilateral disengagement plan|unilateral disengagement]] on 12 September 2005. After Hamas' takeover in Gaza on 14 June 2007, [[Palestinian Authority]] Chairman [[Mahmoud Abbas]] of Fatah dismissed Hamas from the government and formed a Cabinet based in the West Bank. Abbas' government has won widespread international support. Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia said in late June 2007 that the West Bank-based Cabinet formed by [[Abbas]] was the sole legitimate Palestinian government, and Egypt moved its embassy from Gaza to the West Bank.[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/874106.html]. Hamas, which has effective control of the Strip, faces international diplomatic and economic isolation. Nevertheless, the Gaza Strip has been under the effective control of [[Hamas]] since June 14, 2007. Hamas also effectively controls the Strip's international border with Egypt, as well as with Israèl (subject to equal corresponding control by the other side). However under the [[Israèl-Egypt Peace Treaty]] of 1979 the only crossing between Gaza and Egypt is to be through the [[Rafah Border Crossing]]. Since the [[Israèl's unilateral disengagement plan|unilateral disengagement]] in September 2005 this crossing has been supervised by [[European Union Border Assistance Mission Rafah|EU Border Assistance Mission Rafah]] under a separate Agreement. Since the Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip, the monitors have not been able to perform their functions under the Agreement, citing security concerns, resulting in the [[Rafah Crossing]] being closed. <!--any indication on EU BAM's status?--> <!--The only land access into the Strip to Israèl is via the [[Erez Crossing|Erez]] and [[Karni crossing]]s.--> == Géografi == Lurung Gaza dumunung ing tlatah [[Timur Tengah]] (at {{coor at dm|31|25|N|34|20|E|region:PS_type:adm1st_scale:300000}}). Nduwèni wates dawané {{km to mi|51}} karo [[Israèl]], lan 11&nbsp;km karo [[Mesir]], cedhak kutha [[Rafah]]. [[Khan Yunis]] dumunung {{km to mi|7}} lor-wétan Rafah, lan sawatara kutha cilik kang dumunung ing sadawaning pasisir antara [[Deir el-Balah]] lan [[Gaza|Kutha Gaza]]. Déné kutha [[Beit Lahia]] lan [[Beit Hanoun]] dumunung ana ing sisih lor lan lor-wétan kutha Gaza. <!--The [[Gush Katif]] bloc of Israèli localities used to exist on the [[Dune|sand dune]]s adjacent to Rafah and Khan Yunis, along the southwestern edge of the {{km to mi|40}} [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] coastline. A few months after the [[Israèl's unilateral disengagement plan|disengagement]] in [[December 2005]], a controversial [[buffer zone]] was created on the northern border with Israèl, in the area often used to launch [[Qassam rocket]]s into Israèl. Part of it reaches {{km to mi|2.5|precision=1}} into the Palestinian Authority-controlled territory, on roughly the area of the former northern Israèli localities. The Gaza Strip has a [[temperate]] climate, with mild [[winter]]s, and dry, hot [[summer]]s subject to [[drought]]. The terrain is flat or rolling, with dunes near the coast. The highest point is Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Auda), at {{m to ft|105|precision=0}} above [[sea level]]. Natural resources include [[arable land]] (about a third of the strip is irrigated), and recently discovered [[natural gas]]. Environmental issues include [[desertification]]; [[Biosalinity|salination]] of fresh water; [[sewage treatment]]; [[water-borne disease]]; [[soil degradation]]; and depletion and contamination of underground water resources. The Strip currently holds the oldest known remains of a man-made bonfire, and some of the world's oldest dated human skeletons. It occupies territory similar to that of ancient [[Philistia]], and is occasionally known by that name.--> <!--==Demographics== {{main|Demographics of the Palestinian territories}} In 2007 approximately 1.48 million Palestinians live in the Gaza Strip, of whom almost 1.0 million are UN-registered refugees <ref>[http://www.un.org/unrwa/refugees/gaza.html UNRWA: palestine refugees]</ref>. The majority of the Palestinians are descendants of refugees who fled or were expelled from their homes during the [[1948 Arab-Israèli War]]. The Strip's population has continued to increase since that time, one of the main reasons being a [[total fertility rate]] of more than 5 children per woman. In a ranking by total fertility rate, this places Gaza 19th of 222 nations.[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html] The vast majority of the population are [[Sunni Muslims]], with an estimated 2,000 [[Christians]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4514822.stm Middle East Christians: Gaza pastor] BBC News, 21 December 2005</ref> No Jews live in Gaza since Israèl's voluntary withdrawal in 2005 and Israèl's forced expulsion of all Jews from Gaza, in an effort by Israèl to allow the Palestinians full control of Gaza and enable them to build a nation-state that could live side by side with Israèl in peace.--> <!--== Economy == {{seealso|Palestinian economy}} Economic output in the Gaza Strip declined by about one-third between 1992 and 1996. This downturn has been variously attributed to corruption and mismanagement by [[Yasser Arafat]], and to [[Israèl]]i closure policies—the imposition of generalized border closures--><!-- in response to [[Palestinian terrorism|terror attacks in Israèl]]—/!--> <!--which disrupted previously established labor and commodity market relationships between Israèl and the Strip. A serious negative social effect of this downturn was the emergence of high unemployment. Israèl's use of comprehensive closures decreased during the next few years and, in 1998, Israèl implemented new policies to reduce the impact of closures and other security procedures on the movement of [[Palestinian]] goods and labor into Israèl. These changes fueled an almost three-year-long economic recovery in the Gaza Strip. Recovery ended with the outbreak of the [[al-Aqsa Intifada]] in the last quarter of 2000. The [[al-Aqsa Intifada]] triggered tight [[Israèl Defense Forces|IDF]] closures of the border with Israèl, as well as frequent curbs on traffic in Palestinian self-rule areas, severely disrupting trade and labor movements. In 2001, and even more severely in early 2002, internal turmoil and Israèli military measures in Palestinian Authority areas resulted in the destruction of capital plant and administrative structure, widespread business closures, and a sharp drop in [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]. Another major factor has been the decline of income earned due to reduction in the number of Gazans permitted entry to work in Israèl. After the Israèli withdrawal from Gaza, the flow of a limited number of workers into Israèl again resumed, although Israèl has stated its intention to reduce or end such permits due to the victory of [[Hamas]] in the [[Palestinian legislative election, 2006|2006 parliamentary elections]]. The Israèli settlers of [[Gush Katif]] built [[greenhouse]]s and experimented with new forms of agriculture. These greenhouses also provided employment for many hundred Gazan Palestinians. When Israèl withdrew from the Gaza Strip in the Summer of 2005, the greenhouses were purchased with money raised by former [[World Bank]] president [[James Wolfensohn]], and given to the Palestinian people to jump-start their economy. However, the effort faltered due to limited water supply, inability to export produce due to Israèli border restrictions, and corruption in the Palestinian Authority.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/10/31/news/greenhouse.php | title=Greenhouses in Gaza symbolize Palestinian hopes and barriers | author =Thanassis Cambanis |publisher=[[Boston Globe]] |date=2005-10-31}}</ref> Most of the greenhouses were subsequently looted or destroyed.<ref name="nydaily0523">{{cite web |url=http://www.nydailynews.com//news/wn_report/story/420138p-354711c.html |title=Harvest of sorrow |author=Netzer Hazani |publisher=[[New York Daily News]] |date= |accessdate=}}</ref> According to the [[CIA World Factbook]], [[GDP]] in 2001 declined 35% to a [[per capita income]] of $625 a year, and 60% of the population is now below the [[poverty]] line. Gaza Strip industries are generally small family businesses that produce [[textile]]s, [[soap]], [[olive-wood]] carvings, and [[mother-of-pearl]] souvenirs; the Israèlis have established some small-scale modern industries in an industrial center. Israèl supplies the Gaza Strip with [[electricity]]. The main agricultural products are [[olive]]s, [[citrus]], [[vegetable]]s, [[Halal]] [[beef]], and [[dairy products]]. Primary exports are citrus and cut flowers, while primary imports are food, consumer goods, and construction materials. The main trade partners of the Gaza Strip are Israèl, Egypt, and the West Bank. Before the second Palestinian uprising broke out in September 2000, around 25,000 workers from the Gaza Strip used to work in Israèl every day.[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5g7NNG7m5AEfoCjIspXI7lya2LTFg] Israèl, the United States, Canada, and the [[European Union]] have frozen all funds to the Palestinian government after the formation of a [[Hamas]]-controlled government after its victory in the [[Palestinian legislative election, 2006|2006 Palestinian legislative election]]. They view the group as a [[terrorist]] organization, and have pressured Hamas to recognize Israèl, renounce violence, and agree to past agreements. Since Israèl's withdrawal, the [[gross domestic product]] of the Gaza Strip has been crippled. The enterprise and industry of the former Jewish villages has been impaired, and the previously established work relationships between Israèl and the Gaza Strip have been disrupted. Job opportunities in Israèl for Gaza Palestinians have been largely lost. Prior to disengagement, 120,000 Palestinians from Gaza were employed in Israèl or in joint projects. Only about 20,000 have been able to keep these jobs.{{Fact|date=October 2007}} After the seizure by Hamas militias of the Gaza Strip on 14 June 2007, all of the outside world has cut off all contact with the Strip. The only goods permitted into the Strip through the land crossings are goods of a humanitarian nature.--> <!--==Health== A study carried out by [[Johns Hopkins University]] (USA) and [[Al-Quds University]] (in [[Jerusalem]]) for [[Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere|CARE International]] in late 2002 revealed very high levels of dietary deficiency among the Palestinian population. The study found that 17.5% of children aged 6–59 months suffered from chronic [[malnutrition]]. 53% of women of reproductive age and 44% of children were found to be [[Anemia|anemic]]. In the aftermath of the [[Israèl's unilateral disengagement plan|Israèli withdrawal]] of [[August 2005|August]] and [[September 2005|September]] [[2005]], the [[healthcare system]] in Gaza continues to face severe challenges.<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm//lf_nm/mideast_gaza_health_dc </ref>After the Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip and the subsequent Israèli declaration of Gaza Strip as a " hostile entity" , the health conditions in Gaza Strip faces new challenges exacerbated by the intensified Israèli closure. The WHO expressed its concerns about the consequences of the Palestinian internal political fragmentation; the socioeconomic decline; military actions; and the Physical, psychological and economic isolation on the health of the population in Gaza.<ref>http://www.who.int/hac/crises/international/wbgs/sitrep_25sept2007/en/index.html</ref>--> <!--== Transport and communication == [[Image:Gaza airport 03.jpg|thumb|Damaged part of [[Yasser Arafat International Airport]].]] The Gaza Strip has a small, poorly developed road network. It also had a single [[standard gauge]] railway line running the entire length of the Strip from north to south along its center; however, it is abandoned, in disrepair, and little trackage remains. The line once connected to the [[Egyptian National Railways|Egyptian railway system]] to the south, as well as the [[Israèl Railways|Israèli system]] to the north. The strip's one port was never completed after the outbreak of the [[al-Aqsa Intifada]]. Its airport, the [[Yasser Arafat International Airport|Gaza International Airport]], opened on [[24 November]], [[1998]], as part of agreements stipulated in the [[Oslo II Accord]] and the [[23 October]] [[1998]] [[Wye River Memorandum]]. The airport was closed in October 2000 by Israèli orders, and its runway was destroyed by the [[Israèl Defense Forces]] in December 2001. It has since been renamed [[Yasser Arafat International Airport]]. The Gaza Strip has rudimentary land line telephone service provided by an open-wire system, as well as extensive mobile telephone services provided by PalTel (Jawwal), or Israèli providers such as [[Cellcom (Israèl)|Cellcom]]. Gaza is serviced by four [[internet service provider]]s that now compete for [[ADSL]] and dial-up customers. Most Gaza households have a radio and a TV (70%+), and roughly 20% have a [[personal computer]].{{Fact|date=September 2007}} People living in Gaza have access to [[FTA]] satellite programs, broadcast TV from the [[Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation]], the [[Israèl Broadcasting Authority]], and the [[Second Israèli Broadcasting Authority]].--> == Deleng uga == * [[Israèl]] * [[Konflik Israèl-Palestina]] * [[Konflik Gaza 2008-2009]] * [[Kfar Darom]] == Réferènsi == * {{factbook}} {{Refs}} == Pranala njaba == {{sisterlinks|Gaza Strip}} * [http://www.btselem.org/English/Gaza%5FStrip/ B'Tselem The Israèli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories on the status of Gaza since the disengagement.] * Bregman, Ahron (2002). ''Israèl's Wars: A History Since 1947''. London: Routledge. ISBN * Ward, Richard J. (1977). ''The Palestine State: A Rational Approach''. London: National University Publications. * [http://www.gaza.net Directory of Palestinian related websites] * [http://electronicIntifada.net The Electronic Intifada] * [http://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/palestine/ United Nations - Question of Palestine] * {{PDFlink|[http://www.careusa.org/newsroom/pressreleases/2003/jan/01032003_study.pdf Nutritional Assessment of the West Bank and Gaza Strip]|72.0&nbsp;bytes<!-- application/pdf, 72 bytes -->}} * [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/gazastrip91.jpg 1991 Map of the Gaza Strip] from the [[University of Texas at Austin]] * [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/gaza_strip_1999.jpg 1999 Map of the Gaza Strip] from the [[University of Texas at Austin]] <!--*[http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=14121 General Moufaz about current Israèli plans for Philadelphi corridor]--> * [http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=&p= Gaza women join Hamas fighters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716061013/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=&p= |date=2011-07-16 }} by [[Khaled Abu Toameh]], published in the [[Jerusalem Post]] August 21, 2005. * [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=31.,34.&spn=0.,0.&t=k Gaza Strip at Google Maps] * [http://www.moh.gov.ps/index.asp?deptid=0&pranchid=62&action=details&serial=350 Palestine Ministry of Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220135314/http://www.moh.gov.ps/index.asp?deptid=0&pranchid=62&action=details&serial=350 |date=2006-02-20 }} * [http://www.ynetnews.com/home/0,7340,L-4244,00.html ''Special: Gaza kidnapping'' Israèli News] - Ynetnews English version of [[Yedioth Ahronoth]] * [http://www.aldameer.org/index.php?id=maindata&sid=15 History of Gaza from Aldameer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015201412/http://aldameer.org/index.php?id=maindata&sid=15 |date=2007-10-15 }} * [http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=36439 War Enters the Classrooms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212155248/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=36439 |date=2012-02-12 }} - the consequences of the Mideast conflict for the children of the Gaza Strip, by [[Inter Press Service]], February 5, 2007 * {{PDFlink|[http://www.mezan.org/document/release108.2006.pdf "Gaza Still Occupied" by Mazan Human Rights organization]|29.6&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 30394 bytes -->}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6754499.stm Hamas In Control of Gaza Strip] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6760975.stm New Palestinian Cabinet Sworn In] <br/>{{Cities in the Gaza Strip}} [[Kategori:Timur Tengah]] [[Kategori:Tlatah Palestina]] {{geo-stub}} <!--Other languages--> bn2pd1nhrs38gm3w2vjr197st4lbb7k Subali 0 19410 1759976 1673282 2026-11-05T19:39:30Z Rotondus 15316 nambah [[:Kategori:Tokoh Ramayana]] ([[Wikipedia:HotCat|HotCat]]) 1759976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{TMH Infobox| | Image = COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wajangpop voorstellende een aap mogelijk Subali TMnr 4833-25.jpg | Caption = Resi Subali | Nama = Subali | Devanagari = वाली | Ejaan_Sansekerta = Valī | Nama_lain = Wali, Balin, Raden Guwarsa | Golongan = Pandhita [[Wanara]] | Pasangan = [[Dewi Tara]] | Asal = [[Padhepokan Grastina]] |Senjata=[[Aji Pancasona]]}} '''Subali''' iku putrané [[Resi Gotama]] ing Pertapan Grastina (ing padhalangan sok diarani pertapan Pancuranmanik) klawan [[Dèwi Indradi]] utawa Windradi. Wujudé Subali iku kethèk, nanging bisa tatajalma (omong). Cupu manik Asthagina Mauné Subali iku wujud manungsa lumrah, kepara wujudé satriya bagus, kanthi asma Guwarsa iya Anjanarka. Dhèwèké bisa salin wewujudan kaya ngono iku, amarga péngin ndarbèni cupu manik Asthagina duwèké mbakyuné kang sesilih Dèwi Anjani. Dèwi Anjani duwé dolanan wujud cupu manik kang banget éndahé. Yèn tutupé cupu dibukak, ing njeron cupu iku katon ana jagad saisiné, lan bisa kanggo mangerteni kaanan marcapada utawa lelakon apa kang bakal dumadi samengkoné. Mula Guwarsa klawan adhiné kang asma Guwarsi utawa Anjaningrat iya banjur kepéngin ndarbèni cupu ajaib iku. Sekawit cupu iku ditembung mung arep disilih sawatara, nanging Anjani ora mènèhaké. Wusana Guwarsa lan Guwarsi enték kesabarané. Cupu manik arep direbut saka tangané Anjani, lan mesthi waé Anjani iya ngukuhi cupu dhuwèké iku. Wusanana dadi padudon ramé. Endang Suwareh (Suwarsih), pamomongé Anjani gagé misah bocah telu kang padha regejegan nanging dikipataké nganti tiba klumah. Dèwi Anjani banjur lumayu sowan ramané, Resi Gotama. Äna apa kok padha oyak-oyakan kaya patrapé bocah cilik ?,"pitakoné Resi Gotama. Guwarsa matur, "Rama, Kakangmbok Anjani gadhah cupu manik ingkang wujudipun saklangkung saé sanget. Cupu wau saged kanggé mriksani lelampahan ingkang badhé dumados. Lha kula péngin saged ngampil boten kétang namung sakedhéping netra, nanging boten dipunkeparengaken déning kakangmbok Anjani," "Boten dhing rama. Piyambakipun meksa péngin ngrebat cupu gadhahan kula,"Anjani suwala. "Wis..wis, damar mancung cinupet, kowé kabèh ora susah padha regejegan. Coba endi saiki cupu kang marakaké ramé iku ?,"pangandikané Resi Gotama. Pucet sanalika pasuryané Dèwi Anjani. Dhèwèké kelingan piwelingé ibuné, aja pisan-pisan cupu iku kepriksan déning Sang Resi Gotama. Barang iku pancèn wadi banget. Cupu kang kanggo rebutan iku mau banjur disuwun déning Sang Resi Gotama. Dèwi Anjani sangsaya luwih wedi marang dukané ramané ketimbang ibuné. Wusana cupu manik Asthagina iku dicaosaké. Kaget Sang Resi Gotama dupi priksa wewujudané cupu manik kang éndah sumorot anelahi. Sangsaya kejot manèh panggalihé Sang Resi bareng ngawuningani isi njeron cupu iku, katon ana gegambarané jagad saisiné: srengéngé (surya), rembulan lan lintang-lintang, tathit lan méga, warna-warna téjané. "Cupu iki saka sapa, Anjani ?,"pandanguné Resi Gotama. Dèwi Anjani ora wani dora, amarga wedi yèn kena soté (upatané) ingkang rama, mula dhèwèké matur walaka (blaka) manawa cupu manik Asthagina iku paringané ingkang ibu, Dèwi Windradi. Resi Gotama nuli dhawuh marang Endang Suwareh supaya ngaturi Dèwi Windradi. Sawisé marak, Dèwi Windradi dinangu déning sang Resi, saka sapa pinangkané cupu manik kang kanggo dolanan Anjani. Dèwi Windradi ora wangsulan, kaya-kaya ana bab kang disingidaké. Brol, waspané tumetes nelesi pipiné. "Hé Windradi, kowé iku duwé kuping apa ora ? Ana wong ditakoni kok meneng waé ora wangsulan. Kepara adol tangis. Apa nék ngono iku terus enték perkarané, iya ? Kaya-kaya ana bab kang winadi kang mbok dhelikaké. Coba yèn aku isi mbok-anggep garwamu, kowé blakaa, ora perlu wedi," Nganti ambal kaping telu Sang Resi anggoné mundhut priksa, nanging Sang Dèwi Windradi tetep meneng waé ora wangsulan. Wasana ndadèkaké dukané Sang Resi Gotama. "Hem, becik temen tekonmu iku Windradi. Ana wong diajak guneman kok mung meneng waé ora wangsulan, malah njegegreg kaya patrapé tugu," Mandi sabdané Sang Resi Gotama, sanalika Dèwi Windradi malih dadi tugu watu. Padha kaget kang samiya mulat. Dèwi Anjani angrerepa supaya Sang Resi njabel "soté"(upatané). Nanging Sang Resi Gotama ora merduli. Kepara tugu watu kedadèyané Dèwi Windradi malah dibuncang anglayang ing gegana. Pungksané tugu watu tiba ing tapel wates kukuban nagara Alengka. Ing tembé tugu iku bisa dadi sarana patiné Patih Prahasta kang dikepruk mustakané nganggo tugu iku déning Jaya Anila, senopatiné Prabu Ramawijaya. Mbarengi sirnané Prahasta, tugu bisa bali dadi wujudé Dèwi Windradi manèh. Sawisé iku, Resi Gotama banjur nyawataké cupu manik Asthagina. Para putrané kadhawuhan mbujung kumleyangé cupu. Anèhé bareng tiba ing bantala, cupu mau dadi sendhang (tlaga kang banjur diarani tlaga Madirdha iya tlaga Sumala. Guwarsa lan Guwarsi kang mbujung kumleyangé cupu, ngira yèn cupu kecemplung ing sendhang. Kekaroné nuli nyemplung sendhang bebarengan. Bareng mentas saka sendhang, kekaroné salin wujud dadi pragosa alias kethèk. Déné Dèwi Anjani lan Endang Suwareh kang tumeka ing sendhang iku ora nyemplung, nanging mung suryan (raup) lan wijik tangan karo sikilé. Wanita kekaroné uga banjur salin wujud dadi manungsa nanging pasuryan lan tangané metu wuluné kadidéné kethèk. Bisané ruwat, Dèwi Anjani banjur kadhawuhan déning ingkang rama, Resi Gotama, supaya mbangunaké tapa "nyanthok" ana ing bengawan Bagiratri. Tembé mburiné Anjani nglairaké putra wujud wanara séta kekasih Bambang Senggana iya Anoman, Endhang Suwareh uga nglairaké wanara ulesé ireng mulus (lutung) banjur kaparingan asma Kapi Suwidha. Sabanjuré Guwarsa uga kadhawuhan tapa ngalong ana alas Sonyapringga lan banjur salin asma dadi Subali. Déné Guwarsi kang kadhawuhan tapa ngidang ana ing alas Dhandaka uga banjur salin asma dadi Sugriwa.==Cupu manik Asthagina== Mauné Subali iku wujud manungsa lumrah, kepara wujudé satriya bagus, kanthi asma Guwarsa iya Anjanarka. Dhèwèké bisa salin wewujudan kaya ngono iku, amarga péngin ndarbèni cupu manik Asthagina duwèké mbakyuné kang sesilih Dèwi Anjani. Dèwi Anjani duwé dolanan wujud cupu manik kang banget éndahé. Yèn tutupé cupu dibukak, ing njeron cupu iku katon ana jagad saisiné, lan bisa kanggo mangerteni kaanan marcapada utawa lelakon apa kang bakal dumadi samengkoné. Mula Guwarsa klawan adhiné kang asma Guwarsi utawa Anjaningrat iya banjur kepéngin ndarbèni cupu ajaib iku. Sekawit cupu iku ditembung mung arep disilih sawatara, nanging Anjani ora mènèhaké. Wusana Guwarsa lan Guwarsi enték kesabarané. Cupu manik arep direbut saka tangané Anjani, lan mesthi waé Anjani iya ngukuhi cupu dhuwèké iku. Wusanana dadi padudon ramé. Endang Suwareh (Suwarsih), pamomongé Anjani gagé misah bocah telu kang padha regejegan nanging dikipataké nganti tiba klumah. Dèwi Anjani banjur lumayu sowan ramané, Resi Gotama. Äna apa kok padha oyak-oyakan kaya patrapé bocah cilik ?,"pitakoné Resi Gotama. Guwarsa matur, "Rama, Kakangmbok Anjani gadhah cupu manik ingkang wujudipun saklangkung saé sanget. Cupu wau saged kanggé mriksani lelampahan ingkang badhé dumados. Lha kula péngin saged ngampil boten kétang namung sakedhéping netra, nanging boten dipunkeparengaken déning kakangmbok Anjani," "Boten dhing rama. Piyambakipun meksa péngin ngrebat cupu gadhahan kula,"Anjani suwala. "Wis..wis, damar mancung cinupet, kowé kabèh ora susah padha regejegan. Coba endi saiki cupu kang marakaké ramé iku ?,"pangandikané Resi Gotama. Pucet sanalika pasuryané Dèwi Anjani. Dhèwèké kelingan piwelingé ibuné, aja pisan-pisan cupu iku kepriksan déning Sang Resi Gotama. Barang iku pancèn wadi banget. Cupu kang kanggo rebutan iku mau banjur disuwun déning Sang Resi Gotama. Dèwi Anjani sangsaya luwih wedi marang dukané ramané ketimbang ibuné. Wusana cupu manik Asthagina iku dicaosaké. Kaget Sang Resi Gotama dupi priksa wewujudané cupu manik kang éndah sumorot anelahi. Sangsaya kejot manèh panggalihé Sang Resi bareng ngawuningani isi njeron cupu iku, katon ana gegambarané jagad saisiné: srengéngé (surya), rembulan lan lintang-lintang, tathit lan méga, warna-warna téjané. "Cupu iki saka sapa, Anjani ?,"pandanguné Resi Gotama. Dèwi Anjani ora wani dora, amarga wedi yèn kena soté (upatané) ingkang rama, mula dhèwèké matur walaka (blaka) manawa cupu manik Asthagina iku paringané ingkang ibu, Dèwi Windradi. Resi Gotama nuli dhawuh marang Endang Suwareh supaya ngaturi Dèwi Windradi. Sawisé marak, Dèwi Windradi dinangu déning sang Resi, saka sapa pinangkané cupu manik kang kanggo dolanan Anjani. Dèwi Windradi ora wangsulan, kaya-kaya ana bab kang disingidaké. Brol, waspané tumetes nelesi pipiné. "Hé Windradi, kowé iku duwé kuping apa ora ? Ana wong ditakoni kok meneng waé ora wangsulan. Kepara adol tangis. Apa nék ngono iku terus enték perkarané, iya ? Kaya-kaya ana bab kang winadi kang mbok dhelikaké. Coba yèn aku isi mbok-anggep garwamu, kowé blakaa, ora perlu wedi," Nganti ambal kaping telu Sang Resi anggoné mundhut priksa, nanging Sang Dèwi Windradi tetep meneng waé ora wangsulan. Wasana ndadèkaké dukané Sang Resi Gotama. "Hem, becik temen tekonmu iku Windradi. Ana wong diajak guneman kok mung meneng waé ora wangsulan, malah njegegreg kaya patrapé tugu," Mandi sabdané Sang Resi Gotama, sanalika Dèwi Windradi malih dadi tugu watu. Padha kaget kang samiya mulat. Dèwi Anjani angrerepa supaya Sang Resi njabel "soté"(upatané). Nanging Sang Resi Gotama ora merduli. Kepara tugu watu kedadèyané Dèwi Windradi malah dibuncang anglayang ing gegana. Pungksané tugu watu tiba ing tapel wates kukuban nagara Alengka. Ing tembé tugu iku bisa dadi sarana patiné Patih Prahasta kang dikepruk mustakané nganggo tugu iku déning Jaya Anila, senopatiné Prabu Ramawijaya. Mbarengi sirnané Prahasta, tugu bisa bali dadi wujudé Dèwi Windradi manèh. Sawisé iku, Resi Gotama banjur nyawataké cupu manik Asthagina. Para putrané kadhawuhan mbujung kumleyangé cupu. Anèhé bareng tiba ing bantala, cupu mau dadi sendhang (tlaga kang banjur diarani tlaga Madirdha iya tlaga Sumala. Guwarsa lan Guwarsi kang mbujung kumleyangé cupu, ngira yèn cupu kecemplung ing sendhang. Kekaroné nuli nyemplung sendhang bebarengan. Bareng mentas saka sendhang, kekaroné salin wujud dadi pragosa alias kethèk. Déné Dèwi Anjani lan Endang Suwareh kang tumeka ing sendhang iku ora nyemplung, nanging mung suryan (raup) lan wijik tangan karo sikilé. Wanita kekaroné uga banjur salin wujud dadi [[manungsa]] nanging pasuryan lan tangané metu wuluné kadidéné kethèk. Bisané ruwat, Dèwi Anjani banjur kadhawuhan déning ingkang rama, Resi Gotama, supaya mbangunaké tapa "nyanthok" ana ing bengawan Bagiratri. Tembé mburiné Anjani nglairaké putra wujud wanara séta kekasih Bambang Senggana iya [[Anoman]], Endhang Suwareh uga nglairaké wanara ulesé ireng mulus (lutung) banjur kaparingan asma Kapi Suwidha. Sabanjuré Guwarsa uga kadhawuhan tapa ngalong ana alas Sonyapringga lan banjur salin asma dadi Subali. Déné Guwarsi kang kadhawuhan tapa ngidang ana ing alas Dhandaka uga banjur salin asma dadi Sugriwa. ==Subali lawan Prabu Maésasura== Nalika Subali lan Sugriwa mbangunaké tapa, kekaroné disraya déwa ngalahaké kraman kang munggah ana kahyangan, ya iku [[ Prabu Mahesasura|Prabu Maésasura]], nata Guwa Kiskendha. Prabu Maésarura iku wujudé buta gedhé nanging asirah maésa (kebo), déné patihé kang aran Lembusura, wujudé buta asirah lembu/ sapi. Sadurungé lumebu ana kedhatoné Prabu Maésasura kang wujud guwa, Subali weling marang Sugriwa supaya nunggu ana jaba. Mengko yèn kang mili saka jero guwa banyu rupané abang, iku ateges kang mati Maésasura lan Lembusura. Yèn kang mili metu rupané putih, tegesé kang mati Subali, mula Sugriwa didhawuhi énggal nablek guwa iku karebèn buta loro iku mati. Anggoné perang ana jero guwa ramé lan suwé banget. Nalika Maésasura-Lembusura léna, déning Subali kekaroné dicandhak, sirahé diadukumba. Sirah ajur metu getih abang campur polo (utek) putih. Dupi priksa iliné banyu abang campur putih, Sugriwa ngira yèn Subali mati sampyuh. Lawangé guwa gagé ditableg, lan Sugriwa banjur munggah kahyangan nyuwun kanugrahan widodari Dèwi Tara. Déwa banjur maringaké Dèwi Tara dadi garwané Sugriwa lan kraton Guwa Kiskedha uga banjur diparingaké Sugriwa. Sugriwa kalilan jumeneng nata ana nagara Guwa Kiskendha kanthi jejuluk Narpati (Prabu) Jaya Sugriwa. ==Aji Pancasona== Kacarita, Subali kang ana sajeroning guwa akhiré bisa metu. Dhèwèké kandha yèn wis trima, nuli ambegawan ing Sonyapringga kanthi peparab Resi Subali. Anggoné tapa ing Sonyapringga, Subali éntuk kanugrahan aji Pancasunya (Pancasona) kang dayané sanajan sadina mati kaping pitu janji isih kambah ing pratala, utawa kasiliring samirana lan kasiram banyu, bisa bali urip manèh. Mula Subali iya digdaya banget. ==Subali lawan Dasamuka== [[Gambar:Rama kills vali.jpg|250px|thumb|Adegan kang nggambaraké patiné Subali ing tangané Rama]] Nalika [[Dasamuka]] lagi nganglang jagad ngambah gegana, dumadakan ngungkuli pertapané Subali saéngga tiba njungkel ing bantala. Dasamuka muring-muring lan ngamuk. Subali arep dipatèni, ning wasana Dasamuka kalah. Dasamuka banjur nglenggana lan banjur nyuwita. Déning Resi Subali Dasamuka kaparingan aji Pancosona, mula tambah digdayané. Dasamuka kang dhasar wataké angkara murka ora seneng yèn ana pawongan kang ngungkuli kadigdayané, sanajan iku guruné pisan. Mula Dasamuka banjur golèk rekadaya supaya Subali ngucik Dèwi Tara lan nagara Guwa Kiskendha. Subali klakon ngrebut Dèwi Tara lan nagara Guwa Kiskendha. Sugriwa banjur kacekel lan disawataké adoh, tumangsang ana wit asem dhampit gedhé. Kejepit pang nganti ora bisa obah. ==Subali tiwas== Sugriwa banjur utusan marang abdiné, Jembawan, supaya golèk pitulungan. Ana dalan Jembawan kepanggih Radhén Rama Reghawa lan Laksmana saka Ayodya kang nuju nggolèki garwané Rama, Rekyan Sinta kang didhusta Dasamuka. Jembawan nyuwun pitungan marang Rama. Saka pitulungané Rama, Subali bisa tiwas ketaman panah Guhyawijaya. Sugriwa sawadyabalané banjur nyuwita marang Rama reghawa mbiyantu adeging nagara anyar ing alas Pancaloka. Nagara anyar iku banjur karan nagara Pancawati, déné Rama Reghawa banjur jumeneng nata kanthi jejuluk Prabu Ramawijaya. Sugriwa banjur jinunjung dadi sénopati agung kanthi pangkat ratu utawa narpati. Mula iya banjur éntuk sesebutan Narpati Jaya Sugriwa. Sugriwa sawadyabalané mbiyantu Prabu Ramawijaya ngrabasa ing Alengka numpes memalané jagat kang siandhang déning Prabu Dasamuka. ==Ugi pirsani== *[[Wayang]] == Pranala njaba == *[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03278.htm Mahabharata, Book III: Vana Parva, Section 278]: online text for the section of the Mahabharata describing Rama's alliance with Sugriva and the killing of Bali. *[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rama/ry290.htm Ramayana, Book IV, Canto 16]: online text for the section of the [[Ramayana]] of [[Valmiki]] describing Bali's death at the hands of Rama. *[http://angkorblog.com/_wsn/page2.html Photographs of a bas relief] at the temple of Banteay Srei in Cambodia depicting the combat between Bali and Sugriva. *[http://www.valmikiramayan.net/kishkindha/sarga11/kishkindha_11_prose.htm Valmiki Ramayana Kishkindha Kanda Prose Sagara 11] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602015802/http://www.valmikiramayan.net/kishkindha/sarga11/kishkindha_11_prose.htm |date=2012-06-02 }} {{Ramayana}} {{Mitologi Hindhu}} [[Kategori:Tokoh Ramayana]] bg4ygc1eu31k7nfnag958ttrfsb0oz4 Kali Alabama 0 21191 1760129 1708747 2026-11-06T03:37:38Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=Maret 2016}} [[Gambar:MobileAlabamaCoosa3.png|thumb||right|300px|Kali Mobile, Alabama, lan Coosa, sajatiné iku siji kali, mung dibédakaké miturut laladan ilèné.]] [[Gambar:Alabama_River.jpg|thumb|300px|Kali Alabama ing [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]] ing taun 2004]] '''Kali Alabama''', ing praja Alabama, [[Amérikah Sarékat]], iku kawangun déning [[Kali Tallapoosa|Tallapoosa]] lan [[Kali Coosa|Coosa]], kang nyawiji watara 6 mil sakdhuwuré [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]]. Kali iki mili mangulon tumuju menyang [[Selma, Alabama|Selma]], banjur mangidul nganti, watara 45 mil (72&nbsp;km) saka [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], lan nggabung karo [[Kali Tombigbee|Tombigbee]], dadi [[Kali Mobile|Mobile]] lan [[Kali Tensaw|Tensaw]] rivers, lan pungkasané lumebu menyang [[Pasisir Mobile]]. Iliné kali ini akèh mènggak-ménggoké. Ambané watara 200 nganti 300 m, lan jeroné antara 1 nganti 2 m). Dawané kali iki diukur kanthi survé géologi ya iku 502&nbsp;km, lan kanthi pangukuran ''steamboat'' ya iku 676&nbsp;km. Kali iki mili ngliwati tlatah tetanèn lan alas ing praja Alabama, lan [[ril sepur]] ngubungaké karo tlatah panambangan ing Alabama Lor-tengah. <!-- After the Coosa and Tallapoosa river, the principal tributary of the Alabama is the [[Cahaba River]], which is about 200 miles (300 km) long and joins the Alabama River about 10 miles (16 km) below Selma. The Alabama River's main tributary, the Coosa River, crosses the mineral region of Alabama and is navigable for light-draft boats from [[Rome, Georgia]] to about 117 miles (188 km) above [[Wetumpka River|Wetumpka]] (about 102 miles below Rome and 26 miles (42 km) below Greensport), and from Wetumpka to its junction with the Tallapoosa. The channel of the river has been considerably improved by the federal government. The navigation of the Tallapoosa river - which has its source in [[Paulding County, Georgia]], and is about 250 miles (400 km) long - is prevented by [[shoal]]s and a 60 foot (18 m) fall at [[Tallassee, Alabama|Tallassee]], a few miles north of its junction with the Coosa. The Alabama is navigable throughout the year. --> Kali iki wigati banget tumrap tuwuhing [[ékonomi]] ing tlatah iki sajeroning abad angka 19 minangka sarana [[transportasi]] barang. [[Kali]] iki isih dipigunakaké kanggo ngangkud kasil tetanèn nanging ora pati wigati kaya jaman biyèn marga anané jaringan [[dalan]] lan [[ril sepur]]. Kali [[Alabama]], [[Coosa]], lan [[Tallapoosa]] minangka papan dunungé suku Indian Creek sadurungé dipindhahaké ing wiwitan abad angka 19. == Pranala njaba == * [http://reference.allrefer.com/gazetteer/A/A02218-alabama-river.html Allrefer.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070817212610/http://www.alabamamilebymile.com/ Alabamamilebymile.com] Fitur lan pta ''online'' Kali Alabama. (''Dead link'' 2007-04-28) == Gladri == <gallery> Image:USACE Claiborne Lock and Dam.jpg|Claiborne Lock lan Dam ing Kali Alabama, kira-kira 8&nbsp;km saka Claiborne, Monroe County, Alabama Image:USACE Robert F Henry Lock and Dam.jpg|Robert F. Henry Lock lan Dam ing Kali Alabama, watara 24&nbsp;km sisih wétan Selma, Alabama Image:Cesam249.jpg|Millers Ferry Lock lan Dam ing Kali Alabama ing Wilcox County, Alabama, watara 15&nbsp;km lor-kulon Camden </gallery> [[Kategori:Kali]] [[Kategori:Kali ing Alabama]] [[Kategori:Kali ing Amérika]] 4rkr2zvnlnjhbpey8d2abl8ldfbuyza Kali Cikapundung 0 21498 1760130 1734248 2026-11-06T03:40:17Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760130 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kali Cikapundung''' iku [[kali|lepen]] kang nyigar kutha [[Bandung]], wiwit saka kawasan sisih lor parané mangidul lang nyawiji karo [[Kali Citarum]] banjur tumuju muara ing Ujung [[Karawang]]. Kali iki wiwitané saka loré Kutha [[Bandung]] ya iku ing laladan [[Lembang]] kang banyuné asal saka grojogan [[Ciomas]]. Sadawaning kali Cikapundung kaya déné ing kutha-kutha gedhé liyané ing [[Indonesia]] tansah dipadheti déning pamukiman, perdagangan lan liya-liyané kang padha manfaataké fungsi [[banyu]] saka [[kali\lepen]] mau. Wiwit taun [[1906]] kali Cikapundung wis dipigunakaké kanggo sumber tenaga listrik <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bandungheritage.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=63&Itemid=1 |title=Bandung Heritage, Sejarah PLN Jawa Barat |access-date=2008-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818034716/http://www.bandungheritage.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=63&Itemid=1 |archive-date=2019-08-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref>, sanajan dayané wektu iku mung 800 KW. == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.korantempo.com/news/2005/3/24/Budaya/48.html Koran Tempo, Potret murung di Cikapundung]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Kategori:Kali ing Jawa|Cikapundung, Kali]] [[Kategori:Kutha Bandhung]] {{geo-stub}} p4zc4cvr5d214u9gsea7vd1fn2qbkmm Kali Comal 0 22309 1760131 1711065 2026-11-06T03:40:50Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760131 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kali Comal''' iku sawijining [[kali]] kang mili ing wewengkon [[Kabupatèn Pemalang]], Provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]]. Miturut pamérangan administrasi talatah ilèn kali saka Departemen Pekerjaan Umum [[Indonésia]], kali ini kalebu laladan Sub wewengkon kali Pemali - Comal. Kali Comal minangka kali kang gedhé dhéwé ing Kabupatèn Pemalang, [[Jawa Tengah]]. Kali iki mili menyang [[Sagara Jawa]] lan muarané dumunung ana ing [[Ujung Pemalang]]. [[Barkas:Sungai Comal.jpg|jmpl|Kali Comal ing Desa Kemuning]] ==Laladan ilèn== Jembaré laladan ilèn Kali Comal ya iku: 764.56&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> kanthi jembar kali paling amba: 118.00 m. Kacepatan ilèn: 744.11 m<sup>3</sup>/det Kali kang dawané 165&nbsp;km iki duwé anak kali kang cacahé 230.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sda.pu.go.id/SDA/sdainfo_sungai_sws1.asp?id=1018 |title=SDA Dep PU Data Kali Comal. URL diakses 22 Feb 2008 |access-date=22 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241224084403/https://sda.pu.go.id/SDA/sdainfo_sungai_sws1.asp?id=1018 |archive-date=24 December 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing mangsa udan kali iki sok banjir kang bisa njupuk kurban jiwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wawasandigital.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19151&Itemid=34 |title=Wawasan Digital: Cari korban hanyut Kesbang Linmas minta bantuan TNI AL. Url diakses 22 Feb 2008 |access-date=22 February 2008 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202026/http://www.wawasandigital.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19151&Itemid=34 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rujukan == <references/> == Uga delengen == * [[Kabupatèn Pemalang]] == Pranala njaba == [[Kategori:Kali]] [[Kategori:Kali ing Indonésia]] gukqyheu7t4j4a8burghgnmks5abghq Larungan 0 22949 1760226 1727509 2026-11-06T08:23:46Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760226 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Larungan''' iku upacara kang dianakaké saben tanggal 1 Sura ana ing tlatah pasisir segara kidul. Larungan asalé saka tembung 'larung' kang artiné ngèntiraké sawetara macem sesaji kaya tumpeng lan liya-liyané ményang jroning segara utawa panté kidul. == Tatacara == [[Kategori:Budaya Jawa]] Prosèsi diawiwiti karo tradhisi tlutur, yaiku ngandharaké silsilah utawa trah utawa keturunan saka simbah buyut masarakat , ngandharaké surasa lan tujuwan larungan saka para sesepuh, diterusaké karo atraksi janggrungan utawa ngibing [[Kethèk oglèng|lèdhèk]] (penari jawa). Anyar banjur diterusaké karo arak-arakan pinuju menyang pinggir panté kanggo ngèntiraké sesaji.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://desatepus.gunungkidulkab.go.id/first/artikel/2559-TRADISI-LARUNGAN-DI-DESA-WISATA-TEPUS|title=TRADISI LARUNGAN DI DESA WISATA TE|website=Tepus|access-date=2025-05-27}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> {{stub}} b0po460sg5m25pbjtvjk4gesokfn628 Fitna (film) 0 23564 1759955 1759576 2026-11-05T17:50:38Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759955 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{Infobox Film |name = Fitna |image = Fitnathemovie.jpg |image_size = 232 |caption = Title card for Fitna |writer = Geert Wilders |director = [[Geert Wilders]] |producer = Geert Wilders |released = [[March 27]], [[2008]] |runtime = 16:48 |country = [[The Netherlands]] |website = http://www.fitnathemovie.com |imdb_id = 1198399 |language = [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[English language|English]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], others }} '''''Fitna''''' iku filem saka [[Walanda]] karya [[Pulitikus]] [[Geert Wilders]], pamimpin [[Parté Kabébasan]] (PVV) ing [[Parlemèn Walanda]]. Film iki nawakaké panemuné bab [[Islam]] lan [[Al Qur'an]]. Irah-irahan filem iki njupuk saka [[basa Arab]] ''[[Fitna (tembung)|fitna]]'' kang dipigunakaké kanggo njlèntrèhaké "kaanan ora setuju lan béda wacana (''disagreement and division among people'')", utawa "tès marang kapitayan sajeroning pacoban (''test of faith in times of trial'')". ''Fitna'' dirilis ing Internet tanggal [[27 Maret]] [[2008]].<ref name="bbc27mar">{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7317506.stm|title=Dutch MP posts Islam filem on web|work=[[BBC]]|date=2008-03-27|accessdate=2008-03-27|}}</ref><ref name="sciam27mar">{{cite news|url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=dutch-mp-launches-anti-ko|title=Dutch MP launches anti-Koran filem online|work=[[Reuters]]|publisher=[[Scientific American]]|date= 2008-03-27|accessdate=2008-03-27|first=Emma|last=Thomasson}}</ref> == Rilis == Wilders ngrilis filem mau ing tanggal [[27 Maret]] [[2008]] jam 7 wengi wektu ([[Walanda]]) ing video website [[Liveleak]]. Ésuké, website mau wis njabel video filem iku saka serveré amarga anané anceman marang staf Liveleak.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.informationweek.com/management/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=207000505|title=Anti-Islamic Film Taken Offline Following Threats|first=Thomas|last=Claburn|date=2008-03-28|accessdate=2008-03-28|work=[[InformationWeek]]}}</ref> Sanadyan mangkono, wiwit iku, situs-situs liya wis njupuk video iku saka Liveleak lan wiwit nyiaraké. == Plot == Film iki nuduhaké sawatara [[Surah]] {{Al Qur'an]] kang dipilih lan dijumbuhaké karo kliping koran lan média.<ref name="repetition">{{cite news|url=http://www.nrc.nl/international/article1028543.ece/Fitna_the_Movie_not_hyperbole_or_metaphor_but_repetition|title=Fitna the Movie: not hyperbole or metaphor but repetition|first=Bas|last=Blokker|date=2008-03-28|accessdate=2008-03-28|work=[[NRC Handelsblad]]}}</ref> Film iki diiringi musik saka [[Peer Gynt suite]] déning [[Edvard Grieg]], mligi wektu patiné Aase (Aase iku ibuné Per ing drama kang tinulis déning [[Henrik Ibsen]]).<ref name="dpr">{{cite news|work=[[Deutsche Presse-Agentur]]|url=http://news.trend.az/index.shtml?show=news&newsid=1163839&lang=EN|title=Euromed states condemn Dutch anti-Islam filem|date=2008-03-28|accessdate=2008-03-28}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Téma === Wilders nyatakaké yèn filem kanthi dhurasi 15-menit iku bakal nuduhaké yèn sawatara ayat (''verses'') saka Al Qur'an dina iki dipigunakaké kanggo ngasut umat Muslim modhèren supaya tumindak kejem lan anti-democrati dhedhasar ayat-ayat mau.<ref name="content">{{cite news|title=Koranfilem Wilders heet 'het kwaad'|language=Dutch|url =http://www.telegraaf.nl/binnenland/3253921/_Koranfilm_Wilders_heet__het_kwaad___.html?pageNumber=2|work=telegraaf.nl|date=2008-02-09|accessdate=2008-03-08}}</ref><ref name="spectator_interview">{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/print/the-magazine/features/553681/a-filmmaker-who-lives-in-the-shadow-of-a-fatwa.thtml|title=A filem-maker who lives in the shadow of a fatwa|first=Douglas|last=Murray|work=Spectator.co.uk|date=2008-03-12|accessdate=2008-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite mailing list | url=http://www.pvv.nl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=931&Itemid=1 |last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Nieuwsbrief Maart | mailing-list = Nieuwsbrief-Partij voor de Vrijheid (The PVV)| date = 2008-03-11 | accessdate = 2008-03-11}}</ref> Wilders njlèntrèhaké yèn filem iku minangka ajakan kanggo nguwalaké saka tirani Islamisasi (''a call to shake off the creeping tyranny of [[Islamization]]'').<ref name="foxiranwarn">{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,324406,00.html|title=Iran Warns Netherlands Not to Air Controversial 'Anti-Muslim' Film|work=[[FOX News]]|first=Michael|last=Park|date=2008-01-21|accessdate=2008-03-08|archive-date=2013-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516013901/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,324406,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Gambar:Menkominfo fitna.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Instruksi Menkominfo kepada APJII]] == Reaksi == Dikuwatiraké filem mau bakal mancing anané démonstrasi kanthi kakerasan déning umat Muslim kaya déné protès marang [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy|Kartun Muhammad]] kang diterbitaké déning koran [[Dhénemarken]] '[[Jyllands-Posten]]' ing taun [[2005]].<ref name="embassyburning">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4681294.stm|title=Embassies burn in cartoon protest|date=2006-02-04|accessdate=2008-03-08|publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> [[Iran]], [[Pakistan]] lan [[Indonésia]] wis nglarang (''condemned'') filem iki.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0326/p01s03-woeu.html|title='Fitna': Dutch leader's anti-Islam filem brings strife|first=Robert|last=Marquand|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|date=2008-03-26|accessdate=2008-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://voanews.com/english/2008-03-28-voa15.cfm|title=Iran, Indonésia Condemn Anti-Islamic Dutch Film|work=[[Voice of America]]|date=2008-03-28|accessdate=2008-03-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331012107/http://voanews.com/english/2008-03-28-voa15.cfm|archivedate=2008-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pakistan wis ngusulaké diskusi bab ''Fitna'' ing konferènsi OKI kang bakal teka.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.radionetherlands.nl/news/international/5671207/Pakistan-summons-Dutch-ambassador|title=Pakistan summons Dutch ambassador|date=2008-03-05|accessdate=2008-03-30|work=[[Radio Netherlands Worldwide]]}}</ref> Kecaman terus muncul kanthi diputaré filem propaganda iki. Sekjen PBB [[Ban Ki Moon]] ngutuk penayangan filem iki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://international.okezone.com/index.php/ReadStory/2008/03/29/18/95826/sekjen-pbb-kutuk-penayangan-fitna |title=Okezone.com |access-date=2008-04-09 |archive-date=2008-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331173040/http://international.okezone.com/index.php/ReadStory/2008/03/29/18/95826/sekjen-pbb-kutuk-penayangan-fitna |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://beritasore.com/2008/03/29/sekjen-pbb-kecam-keras-film-fitna/ Harian Berita Sore]</ref> Pamaréntah Iran ngundang dhuta besar [[Walanda]] kanggo mrotès penayangan filem mau. Samono uga Malaysia. Malah, mantan PM Malaysia [[Mahathir Mohamad]], nyerokaké marang kabèh ummat [[Islam]] supaya mboikot kabèh produk Walanda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eramuslim.com/berita/int/8331135623-film-quotfitnaquot-pemerintah-belanda-jangan-cuma-kecam-seret-wilders-ke-pengadilan.htm |title=Era Muslim |access-date=2008-04-09 |archive-date=2008-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927185224/http://www.eramuslim.com/berita/int/8331135623-film-quotfitnaquot-pemerintah-belanda-jangan-cuma-kecam-seret-wilders-ke-pengadilan.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://epemudapas.wordpress.com/2008/03/30/tun-mahathir-gesa-boikot-produk-belanda-fitna-the-movie-sialan/ Wordpress]</ref> Déné pamaréntah [[Indonésia]] kanthi ''tegas'' ngecam lan nyegah supaya Geert Wilders ora bisa lumebu Indonésia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.liputan6.com/actual/?id=10586 |title=Liputan 6 |access-date=2008-04-09 |archive-date=2008-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080401234237/http://www.liputan6.com/actual/?id=10586 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Pemblokiran situs ing Indonésia == Tanggal [[2 April]] [[2008]], [[Mantri Komunikasi dan Informatika]] [[Muhammad Nuh]] mréntahaké marang [[APJII]] supaya mblokir situs lan blog kang ngamot filem Fitna. Tanggal [[8 April]] [[2008]], [[ISP]] [[Telkom Speedy]] lan [[Indonet]] wiwit mblokir situs [[Youtube]], [[Multiply]], [[Myspace]], [[Metacaf]]e, [[Liveleak]], situs resmi filem Fitna lan [[Rapidshare]]. Sauntara iku situs www.fitnathemovie.info [http://www.fitnathemovie.info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215103336/http://www.fitnathemovie.info/ |date=2020-12-15 }} ora kena pamblokiran. <!-- == Uga delengen == *''[[Al Mouftinoun]]'', reaksi marang ''Fitna'' déning [[Liga Arab Éropah]]. *''[[Obsession: Radical Islam's War Against the West]]'', a documentary critical of Islam. *''[[Submission (film)|Submission]]'', a film critical of Islam by [[Theo van Gogh]]. *''[[Undercover Mosque]]'', a British documentary on hate-preaching at [[mosque]]s. --> == Réferènsi == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala njaba == <!-- Please do not add any more links!!! Backup site: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3369102968312745410 ONLY add this if the video on Wikileaks becomes unavailable! --> * [http://www.fitnathemovie.com/ Original official website of ''Fitna''] (currently suspended) * Original [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506042055/https://www.liveleak.com/view?i=ee4_1206625795 Dutch] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506102341/https://www.liveleak.com/view?i=7d9_1206624103 English] versions of ''Fitna'' at [[LiveLeak]] (removed due to threats) * [http://wikileaks.org/wiki/Fitna_anti-islam_movie_by_Geert_Wilders "Fitna anti-islam movie by Geert Wilders"] at [[Wikileaks]] <!-- Please do not add any more links!!! {{Muslims and controversies footer}} --> [[Kategori:Kontroversi 2008]] [[Kategori:Film Walanda]] [[Kategori:Islam ing Walanda]] 8k1dbvkxqdk0j6f19icuezlucn97zwa Jepang 0 24403 1760069 1755555 2026-11-06T00:18:44Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jepang infobox}} '''Jepang''' ([[basa Jepang]]: 日本 ''Nippon/Nihon''{{Audio|ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg|rungokna}}, teges kang barès: "asal-usuling [[srengéngé]]") yaiku [[Nagara]] ing [[Asia Wétan]] sing papané ing siji ranté kapuloan bawana [[Asia]] ing pojok kulon [[Samodra Pasifik]]. Ing sisih wetan Sagara Jepang, lan tetanggan karo [[Républik Rakyat Cina]], [[Korea]], lan [[Ruslan]]. Pulo sisih paling lor ana ing Sagara Okhotsk, lan wilayah paling kidul minangka klompok pulo cilik ana ing Sagara China Wétan, ing sisih kidul [[Préfèktur Okinawa|Okinawa]], sing cedhak karo [[Républik Cina|Taiwan]]. Jepang kapérang saka 6.852 pulo<ref>{{cite web | title = ''Facts and Figures of Japan 2007 01: Land'' | url = http://fpcj.jp/old/e/mres/publication/ff/pdf_07/01_land.pdf | publisher = Foreign Press Center Japan | accessdate = 2009-07-04 | archive-date = 2009-07-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090731072744/http://fpcj.jp/old/e/mres/publication/ff/pdf_07/01_land.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> kang ndadekaken Jepang kalebu nagara [[kapuloan]]. Pulo-pulo utama saka lor menyang kidul yaiku [[Hokkaido]], [[Honshu]] (pulo gedhé dhéwé), [[Shikoku]], lan [[Kyushu]]. Gunggung 97 % wewengkon dharatan Jepang ana ing patang pulo gedhé iki. Sapérangan gedhé pulo ing Jepang wujud pagunungan, lan sapérangan liyané wujud gunung kang ngandhut geni. Gunung paling dhuwur ing Jepang yaiku [[Gunung Fuji]]. Jepang duwe 128 yuta wong, lan dadi [[Pratélaning nagara lan jajahan miturut cacah jiwa|negara paling katah pedununge nomer 10 ing saindenging jagad]]. [[Tokyo]] minangka kutha krajan de facto Jepang, lan uga dadi prefektur piyambak. Tokyo Raya minangka jeneng wilayah kutha Tokyo lan sawetara kutha ing prefektur sekitarnya. Minangka wilayah metropolitan paling gedhe ing donya, Wilayah Tokyo Raya duwe pedunung luwih saka 30 yuta wong. Miturut [[Mitologi Jepang|mitologi tradisional]], Jepang didegake dening [[Jimmu Tenno|Kaisar Jimmu]] ing [[abad kaping-7 SM]]. Kaisar Jimmu miwiti rantai monarki Jepang sing nganti saiki durung rusak. Nanging, sajrone sejarah, kekuwatan paprentahan ana ing tangan para anggota kraton, [[shogun]], militer, lan saiki ing tangan [[Nayakotama]]. Miturut Konstitusi Jepang taun 1947, Jepang minangka negara monarki konstitusional kapimpin dening Kaisar Jepang lan Parlemen Jepang. Minangka negara maju ing perekonomian,<ref name="ciawfbjapan">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html |title=World Factbook; Japan |publisher=[[CIA]] |date=2007-03-15 |accessdate=2007-03-27 |archive-date=2010-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228224107/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jepang duwe produk domestik bruto paling gedhé nomer loro sawisé [[Amérikah Sarékat|Amerika Serikat]]. Jepang uga anggota saka [[Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa|PBB]], G8, [[OECD]], lan APEC. Jepang uga duwe kekuwatan militer sing cukup lengkap karo sistem pertahanan modern kaya ta sistem kombat AEGIS lan armada perusak. Ing perdagangan luar negeri, Jepang dadi negara eksporter nomer 4 lan negara importer nomer 6 paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad. Minangka negara maju, masarakat Jepang duwe standar urip sing dhuwur (rangking nomer 8 ing [[Pratélaning nagara miturut Indhèks Pangembanging Manungsa|Indeks Pembangunan Manungsa]]) lan harapan urip paling dhuwur ing donya miturut prakiraan PBB.<ref>[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf United Nations World Population Propsects: 2006 revision] – Table A.17 for 2005-2010</ref> Ing bidang teknologi, Jepang uga maju ing bidang telekomunikasi, mesin lan robot. == Etimologi == Jepang diarani ''Nippon'' utawa ''Nihon'' ing [[basa Jepang]]. Kaloro tembung mau ditulis nganggo kanji sing padha, yaiku {{lang|ja|日本}} (teges kang barès: asal-usuling [[srengéngé]]).<ref name="schreiber">{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2019/11/26/language/nihon-nippon-japan/|title=You say 'Nihon,' I say 'Nippon,' or let's call the whole thing 'Japan'?|last1=Schreiber|first1=Mark|date=26 Novèmber 2019|website=[[The Japan Times]]|access-date=20 Mèi 2020}}</ref> Sebutan Nippon asring digunakake ing urusan ingkang resmi, kalebu jeneng negara kasebut ing [[Yen|dhuwit Jepang]], [[prangko]], lan acara [[Ulah raga|olahraga]] internasional. Istilah ''Nihon'' digunakake kanggo perkara sing ora resmi kaya ta pacelathon saben dinane. Tembung ''Nippon'' lan ''Nihon'' ateges "negara/tanah srengéngé mletek." Jeneng iki disebutake ing korespondensi keakaisaran Jepang lan Dinasti Sui ing Cina, lan ngrujuk lokasi Jepang sing ana ing sisih wetan China daratan. Sadurunge Jepang duweni hubungan karo Cina, negara kasebut dikenal kanthi jeneng ''Yamato'' ({{lang|ja|大和}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/japanese/message/jpnEVwSABIuEVrrH_51.html|title=Re: にほん or にっぽん|website=www.sf.airnet.ne.jp|access-date=2020-09-12|archive-date=2013-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116032709/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/japanese/message/jpnEVwSABIuEVrrH_51.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing Cina sajrone jaman Tiga Bangsa, istilah kanggo Jepang yaiku negara Wa ({{lang|ja|倭}}). Ing [[basa Cina]] dialek Shanghai sing minangka salah sawijining dialek Wu, aksara Tionghoa {{lang|zh|日本}} diwaca dadi ''Zeppen'' ([{{IPA|zəʔpən}}]). Ing dialek Wu, karakter {{lang|zh|日}} secara ora resmi diwaca dadi [{{IPA|niʔ}}] lan kanthi resmi diwaca dadi [{{IPA|zəʔ}}]. Ing dialek Wu Kidul, {{lang|ja|日本}} diwaca [niʔpən] ingkang padha karo jeneng ing [[basa Jepang]]. Tembung ''Jepang'' ing [[basa Indonesia]] bisa uga asale saka basa Cina, luwih tepat dialek Cina Wu. Basa Melayu kuno uga nyebut negara iki yaiku ''Jepang'' (nanging ejaan basa Malaysia saiki: ''Jepun'').<ref name="ahd">{{cite book|url={{Google books|cZ88p_bSt1EC|page=PA146|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|title=Word Histories and Mysteries: From Abracadabra to Zeus|date=October 13, 2004|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0-547-35027-1}}</ref> Tembung Jepang ing basa Melayu banjur digawa menyang Kulon dening pedagang [[Portugis]], sing ngenal sebutan iki nalika ing Malaka ing abad kaping 16. Dhèwèké minangka sing pertama ngenalake jeneng ing basa Melayu iki menyang Eropa. Dokumen paling tuwa ing basa Inggris sing nyebutake Jepang yaiku surat ing taun 1565, ingkang wonten tembung ''Giapan'' katulis.<ref>Luīs Fróis, "Of the Ilande of Giapan" (February 19, 1565), published in Richard Willes, "The History of Travayle in the West and East Indies" (London 1577), cited in "Travel Narratives from the Age of Discovery", by Peter C. Mancall, pp. 156–57.</ref><ref>{{cite book|url={{Google books|giZnAgAAQBAJ|page=PA79|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|title=London: The Selden Map and the Making of a Global City, 1549–1689|last=Batchelor|first=Robert K.|date=January 6, 2014|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-08079-6|pages=76, 79}} In Richard Wille's 1577 book "The History of Travalye in the West and East Indies"</ref> == Sajarah == === Prasajarah === Miturut penilitian [[arkéologi]] nuduhake manawa Jepang didunungi manungsa wiwitan paling ora 600.000 taun kepungkur, sajrone jaman [[Palaeolitikum]] andhap. Sawise pirang-pirang [[jaman ès]] sing kedadeyan pirang-pirang yuto taun kepungkur, Jepang gegandhengan karo daratan asia kaping pirang-pirang nganggo jembatan dharatan (karo Sakhalin ing sisih lor, lan bisa uga Kyushu ing sisih kidul), saéngga bisa gawe pindhah manungsa, kewan lan tanduran menyang [[kapuloan]] Jepang saka wilayah sing saiki dadi [[Républik Rakyat Cina]] lan [[Koréa]]. Ing sajrone jaman Paleolitik Jepang ngasilake alat watu sing wus dipoles pisanan ing jagad, udakara 30.000 SM. Kanthi pungkasane jaman es lan tekane periode sing luwih anget, budaya [[Jaman Jomon|Jomon]] muncul udakara 11.000 SM, sing ditondoi kanthi gaya urip [[Juru bedhag-kayal|pamburu lan pangumpul]] semi-sedhenter [[Mesolitikum|Mesolitik]] tekan [[Neolitikum|Neolitik]] lan nggawe krajinan tembikar paling awal ing donya. Diperkirake wong Jomon yaiku leluhur saka wong Proto-Jepang lan [[wong Ainu]] saiki. Wiwitane [[jaman Yayoi]] udakara taun 300 SM lan menehi tandha teknologi-teknologi anyar kaya ta budidaya pari ing [[sawah]] lan teknik nggawe alat saka [[wesi]] lan [[prunggu]] sing digawa para migran saka tanah Cina utawa Korea. Ing sejarah cina, wong Jepang pisanan disebutake ing naskah sejarah klasik, ''Buku Han'', ingkang ditulis ing taun 111.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/A3_6lp8IOK8C|title=The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1|last1=Brown|first1=Delmer M.|last2=Hall|first2=John Whitney|last3=Jansen|first3=Marius B.|last4=Shively|first4=Donald H.|last5=Twitchett|first5=Denis|date=1988|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-22352-2|page=275|language=en}}</ref> Sawise jaman Yayoi diarani periode Kofun sekitar taun 250, sing ditandhani karo ngadheke negara-negara militer sing kuwat. Miturut ''Cathetan Sejarah Telung Negara'', negara sing paling sukses ing kepuloan Jepang nalika semana yaiku Yamataikoku. === Jaman klasik === Babagan Sejarah Jepang ninggali dokumen tertulis wiwit abad kaping 5 lan 6 Masehi, nalika sistem nulis Cina, agama [[Buda]], lan budaya Tiongkok liyane digawa menyang Jepang saka Kerajaan Baekje ing [[Ujung Koréa]]. Perkembangan Sabanjure babagan agama Buda ing Jepang lan seni patung akeh dipengaruhi dening agama [[Buda]] Tionghoa.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Delmer M. Brown|year=1993|title=The Cambridge History of Japan|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=140–149}}</ref> Sanajan wiwitane tekane agama Buda ditentang dening para panguwasa sing nganut agama [[Shinto]], kalangan pamarentah pungkasane mbantu promosi agama Buda ing Jepang, lan saiki wus dadi agama ingkang populer ing Jepang wiwit jaman Asuka.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Japanese Experience: A Short History of Japan|author=William Gerald Beasley|publisher=University of California Press|year=1999|url=http://books.google.com/books?visbn=0520225600&id=9AivK7yMICgC&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=Soga+Buddhism+intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:Japan&sig=V65JQ4OzTFCopEoFVb8DWh5BD4Q#PPA42,M1|pages=42|isbn=0520225600|accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> Miturut perintah Reformasi Taika ing taun 645, Jepang nyusun sistem papréntahan kanthi nuladha Cina. Hal iki mbukak dalan kanggo filsafat [[Konfusianisme]] Cina kangge dadi dominan ing Jepang nganti abad kaping 19. [[Periodhe Nara]] ing abad kaping 8 ditandhani negara Jepang kanthi kekuwatan terpusat. Kutha krajan lan istana kekaisaran ana ing Heijo-kyo (saiki Nara). Ing sajrone jaman Nara, Jepang terus nggunakake praktik administrasi pamrentah saka China. Salah sawijining prestasi sastra Jepang sing paling gedhe sajrone periode Nara yaiku ngrampungake buku sejarah Jepang sing diarani ''Kojiki'' (712) lan ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (720).<ref>{{cite book|author=Conrad Totman|year=2002|title=A History of Japan|publisher=Blackwell|pages=64–79|isbn=978-1405123594}}</ref> Ing taun 784, Kaisar Kammu mindhah kutha krajan menyang Nagaoka-kyō, lan tetep ana ing kana mung 10 taun. Sawise iku, kutha krajan dipindhah maneh menyang Heian-kyō (saiki [[Kyoto]]). Relokasi kutha krajan menyang Heian-kyō diwiwiti saka jaman Heian, yaiku jaman keemasan budaya klasik pribumi Jepang, utamane ing bidang seni, puisi lan sastra Jepang. ''Hikayat Genji'' gaweane [[Murasaki Shikibu]] lan lirik lagu kebangsaan Jepang ''[[Kimigayo]]'' diwiwiti saka jaman Heian iki.<ref>{{cite book|author=Conrad Totman|year=2002|title=A History of Japan|publisher=Blackwell|pages=122–123|isbn=978-1405123594}}</ref> === Jaman pertengahan === Jaman abad pertengahan ing Jepang yaiku jaman [[feodalisme]] sing ditandhani karo parebutan kakuasaan antar klompok panguwasa sing kalebu saka [[ksatriya]] sing diarani [[samurai]]. Ing taun 1185, sawise ngancurake [[klan Taira]] sing dadi klan saingane klan Minamoto, Minamoto no Yoritomo diangkat dadi [[shogun]], lan nggawe dhèwèké dadi pamimpin militer sing mbagi kakuasaan karo Kaisar. Papréntahan militer sing digawe dening Minamoto no Yoritomo diarani Kashogunan Kamakura amarga pusat papréntahan ana ing Kamakura (sisih kidul [[Yokohama]] saiki). Sawise sedane Yoritomo, klan Hōjō nulungi kashogunan dadi ''shikken'', yaiku sajinis [[patih]] kanggo para shogun. Kashogunan Kamakura bisa nahan serangan Mongol saka wilayah Cina sing dikuasai Mongol ing taun 1274 lan 1281. Sanajan stabil ing politik, kashogunan Kamakura akhire [[Restorasi Kemmu|digulingake]] dening [[Kaisar Go-Daigo]], sing mulihake kakuasaan ing tangan kaisar. Kaisar Go-Daigo akhire digulingke dening Ashikaga Takauji ing taun 1336.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[George Sansom]]|year=1961|title=A History of Japan: 1334–1615|publisher=Stanford|pages=42|isbn=0-8047-0525-9}}</ref> Kashogunan Ashikaga gagal nyegah kekuwatan para panguwasa militer lan tuan tanah feodal (''[[daimyo]]'') lan perang sipil pecah ing taun 1467 (Perang Ōnin) sing miwiti abad sing ditandhani karo perang-perang faksi sing diarani negara-negara saling perang utawa jaman Sengoku.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[George Sansom]]|year=1961|title=A History of Japan: 1334–1615|publisher=Stanford|pages=217|isbn=0-8047-0525-9}}</ref> Ing abad kaping 16, pedagang lan misionaris [[Yésuit|Sarekat Yesuit]] saka Portugal teka kaping pisanan ing Jepang, lan miwiti pertukaran perdagangan lan budaya ingkang aktif antarane Jepang lan Donya Kulon (Dagang karo Nanban). Wong Jepang ngarani wong asing saka Kulon minangka ''namban'' sing tegese barbar saka sisih kidul. Oda Nobunaga ngalahake daimyo-daimyo saingane kanthi nggunakake teknologi lan sanjata api Eropa. Nobunaga meh sukses nyawijikake Jepang sadurunge tiwas ing Kejadian Honnōji 1582. Toyotomi Hideyoshi nggenteni Nobunaga, lan ndhaptarke dèwèké minangka penyawiji Jepang ing taun 1590. Toyotomi Hidesyoshi nyoba nguwasani wliayah Korea, lan kaping pindho nginvasi menyang [[Koréa]], nanging kabeh gagal sawise kalah ing partempuran ngelawan tentara Korea sing dibantu karo kekuwatan [[Wangsa Ming]]. Sawise Hideyoshi sedha, pasukan Hideyoshi ditarik mundur saka Semenanjung Korea ing taun 1598.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Stephen Turnbull (historian)|Stephen Turnbull]]|year=2002|title=Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War|url=https://archive.org/details/samuraiinvasionj0000turn|publisher=Cassel|pages=[https://archive.org/details/samuraiinvasionj0000turn/page/227 227]|isbn=978-0304359486}}</ref> Sawise sedane Hideyoshi, putrane Hideyoshi, Toyotomi Hideyori, entuk kekuwasaane bapake. [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] njupuk kauntungan saka jabatane minangka adipati kanggo Hideyori kanggo golek dhukungan politik lan militer saka daimyo liyane. Sawise ngalahake klan-klan pandukung Hideyori ing [[Peperangan Sekigahara]] ing taun 1600, Ieyasu diangkat dadi shogun ing taun 1603. Papréntahan militer Ieyasu sing didegake ing Edo (saiki [[Tokyo]]) diarani Kashogunan Tokugawa. [[Keshogunan Tokugawa]] curiga karo kegiatan misionaris Katulik, lan nglarang kabeh kontak karo wong Eropa. Hubungan perdagangan diwatesi mung karo pedagang [[Walanda]] ing Pulo Dejima, [[Nagasaki]]. Pamrentah Tokugawa uga ngetrapake macem-macem kabijakan kaya ta undang-undang ''buke shohatto'' kanggo ngontrol daimyo ing wilayah kasebut. Ing taun 1639, Kashogunan Tokugawa miwiti kabijakan ''sakoku'' ("negara tertutup") ingkang lumaku rong setengah abad sing diarani [[jaman Édo]]. Sanajan ngalami periode isolasi, wong Jepang tetep sinau ilmu-ilmu saka Donya Kulon. Ing Jepang, ilmu saka buku-buku Kulon diarani ''rangaku'' (ilmu Walanda) amarga saka kontak Jepang karo enklave Walanda ing Dejima, Nagasaki. Sajrone periode Edo, masarakat Jepang uga miwiti pasinaon bab Jepang, lan diarani "studi nasional" bab Jepang minangka ''kokugaku''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hooker |first=Richard |url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/KOKUGAKU.HTM |title=Japan Glossary; Kokugaku |publisher=Washington State University |date=1999-07-14 |accessdate=2006-12-28 |archive-date=2006-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828004748/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/KOKUGAKU.HTM |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Jaman Modern === Ing tanggal 31 Maret 1854, tekane Komodor Matthew Perry lan "Kapal Ireng" Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat meksa Jepang supaya mbukak diri marang donya Kulon liwat Perjanjian Kanagawa. Kesepakatan sabanjure karo negara-negara Kulon sajrone jaman Bakumatsu nggawe Jepang dadi krisis ekonomi lan politik. Samurai nganggep Keshogunan Tokugawa ringkih, lan nindakake pambrontakan nganti Perang Boshin pecah ing taun 1867-1868. Sawise Keshogunan Tokugawa digulingake, kekuasaan banjur dibalekakke menyang tangan kaisar ([[Restorasi Meiji]]) lan sistem domain dihapus. Sajrone Restorasi Meiji, Jepang nggunakake sistem politik, hukum, lan militer saka Donya Kulon. Kabinet Jepang ngatur Dewan Penasihat Kekaisaran, nyusun [[Konstitusi Meiji]], lan nggawe Parlemen Kekaisaran. Restorasi Meiji ndadekake Kekaisaran Jepang dadi negara industri modern lan sekaligus dadi kekuwatan militer dunia sing nyebabake konflik militer nalika nyoba ngembangake pengaruh wilayah ing Asia. Sawise ngalahake [[Républik Rakyat Cina|Cina]] ing Perang Cina-Jepang lan [[Ruslan]] ing [[Perang Ruslan-Jepang]], Jepang nguwasani Taiwan, setengah saka Sakhalin, lan [[Koréa]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://filebox.vt.edu/users/jearnol2/MeijiRestoration/imperial_japan.htm |title=Japan: The Making of a World Superpower (Imperial Japan) |author=Jesse Arnold | publisher = vt.edu/users/jearnol2 | accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> Ing wiwitan abad kaping 20, Jepang ngalami "demokrasi Taisho" sing dibayang-bayangi karo tuwuhing ekspansionisme lan militerisme Jepang. Sajrone [[Perang Donya I]], Jepang ana ing pihak Sekutu sing menang, saengga Jepang isa nggedhekake pengaruh lan wilayah kekuasaan. Jepang nglajengake politik ekspansionis kanthi ngrebut Manchuria ing taun 1931. Rong taun sabanjure, Jepang ninggalake Liga Bangsa-Bangsa sawise dikutuk internasional amarga penjajahan Manchuria. Ing taun 1936, Jepang lumebu Pakta Anti-Komintern karo [[Jerman Nazi]], lan gabung karo Jerman lan Italia kanggo mbentuk [[Poros (Perang Donya II)|Blok Poros]] ing taun 1941.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.friesian.com/pearl.htm |title= The Pearl Harbor Strike Force |author= Kelley L. Ross | publisher = friesian.com |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref> Ing taun 1937, invasi Jepang ing Manchuria nyebabake Perang Cina-Jepang kaping pindho (1937-1945) sing nyebabake Jepang dikenake embargo minyak dening [[Amérika Sarékat]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Roland H. Worth, Jr.|title=No Choice But War: the United States Embargo Against Japan and the Eruption of War in the Pacific|publisher=McFarland|year=1995|isbn=0-7864-0141-9}}</ref> Tanggal 7 Desember 1941, Jepang nyerang markas Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat ing Pearl Harbor, lan ngumumake perang karo Amerika Serikat, [[Karajan Manunggal|Inggris]], lan [[Walanda]]. Serangan Pearl Harbor narik AS menyang [[Perang Donya II]]. Sawise kampanye militer dawa ing [[Samodra Pasifik]], Jepang kelangan wilayah sing diduweni nalika wiwitan perang. Amerika Serikat nindakake pamboman strategis menyang [[Tokyo]], [[Osaka]] lan kutha-kutha utama liyane. Sawise AS ngeculake bom atom ing [[Hiroshima, Hiroshima|Hiroshima]] lan [[Nagasaki]], Jepang pungkasane nyerah tanpa sarat karo Sekutu ing tanggal 15 Agustus 1945 (Dina Kamenangan kalawan Jepang).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.educationworld.net/txt15/surrend1.html |title=Japanese Instrument of Surrender |publisher=educationworld.net |accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref> Perang kasebut nyebabake kasengsaran gawe masarakat Jepang lan masarakat ing wilayah jajahan Jepang. Mayuta-yuta wong sedha ing negara-negara Asia sing dikuasai Jepang kanthi slogan Kemakmuran Bareng Asia. Meh kabeh industri lan infrastruktur ing Jepang rusak amarga perang. Sekutu nindakake repatriasi etnis Jepang gedhe-gedhean saka negara-negara Asia sing dikuwasani Jepang.<ref>[http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/WATWHC.html When Empire Comes Home: Repatriation and Reintegration in Postwar Japan by Lori Watt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304030637/http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/WATWHC.html |date=2009-03-04 }}, Harvard University Press</ref> Pengadilan Militer Internasional kanggo Timur Jauh sing digawe Sekutu ing tanggal 3 Mei 1946, dipungkasi kanthi ukuman gawe sawetara pimpinan Jepang sing terbukti salah nindakake Kadurjanan perang. Ing taun 1947, Jepang nggunakake Konstitusi Jepang sing anyar. Adhedhasar konstitusi anyar, Jepang ditunjuk minangka negara sing nganut faham pasifisme lan prioritasake praktik demokrasi liberal. Pendudukan AS ing Jepang resmi dipungkasi ing taun 1952 kanthi ditandatanganine Prajanjian San Francisco.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070306f3.html|title='52 coup plot bid to rearm Japan: CIA|author=Joseph Coleman|date=2006-03-06|publisher=[[The Japan Times]]|accessdate=2007-04-03|archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20120717182855/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20070306f3.html%23.UAWu3Kgo9Rw|archivedate=2012-07-17|url-status=live}}</ref> Sanajan mangkono, pasukan AS isih njaga basis-basis penting ing Jepang, utamane ing [[Prefektur Okinawa|Okinawa]]. [[PBB]] resmi nampa Jepang dadi anggota ing taun 1956. Sawise [[Perang Donya II]], Jepang ngalami pertumbuhan ekonomi sing cepet, lan Jepang dadi kekuatan ekonomi paling gedhe nomer loro ing donya, kanthi rata-rata pertumbuhan [[prodhuk dhomèstik bruto]] 10% per taun suwene patang dekade. Pertumbuhan ekonomi Jepang sing cepet dipungkasi ing wiwitan taun 1990an sawise tibane ekonomi gelembung.<ref name=kobayashi>{{cite book|title=日本の経済: Japanese Economy, The|last=Kobayashi|first=Kayo|authorlink=|year=2005|publisher=IBC Publishing|location=|isbn=4-8968-4147-6|page=|pages=|url= }}</ref> == Geografi == [[Barkas:Satellite View of Japan 1999.jpg|thumb|Poto Kapuloan Jepang dijupuk saka satelit.]] Jepang dumunung ing 30°LU-47°LU lan 128°BT-146°BT, dene geografise Jepang ing antarane [[Asia]] lan [[Samodra Pasifik]]. Wates wewengkone Jepang ing sisih elor-kulone yaiku [[Supitan Korea]], ing sisih lor [[Laut Okhtosk|Sagara Okhtosk]], ing sisih wetan Samudera Pasifik, lan ing sisih kidule [[Sagara Cina Kidul]] lan [[Laut Filipina]].Jepang kapérang saka 6.852 pulo ing pesisir [[Samodra Pasifik|Pasifik]] [[Asia]]. Udakara luwih saka 3.000&nbsp;km (1.900 mil) saka wétan-kidul mangulon saka Sagara Okhotsk nganti Sagara China Wétan.<ref name=water>{{cite web |title = Water Supply in Japan |url = https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/health/water_supply/1.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126130519/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/health/water_supply/1.html |archivedate = January 26, 2018 | publisher = Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare | accessdate = September 26, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=An Invitation to Japan's Borderlands: At the Geopolitical Edge of the Eurasian Continent|last=Iwashita|first=Akihiro|pages=279–282|doi=10.1080/08865655.2011.686969|year=2011|journal=Journal of Borderlands Studies|volume=26|issue=3}}</ref> Lima pulo utama wiwit saka sisih lor tekan kidul, yaiku [[Hokkaido]], [[Honshu]] (pulo paling gedhé dhéwé), Shikoku, Kyushu lan Okinawa.<ref name="main-islands-japan">{{cite web |script-title=ja:離島とは(島の基礎知識) |trans-title=what is a remote island? |publisher=[[Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism]] |url=http://www.mlit.go.jp/crd/chirit/ritoutoha.html |date=August 22, 2015 |language=Japanese |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113053915/http://www.mlit.go.jp/crd/chirit/ritoutoha.html |archivedate=November 13, 2007}}</ref> Kapuloan Ryukyu, kalebu Okinawa, yaiku ranté kauploan ing sisih kidul Kyushu. Kapuloan Nanpō ana ing sisih kidul lan wétan saka pulau-pulau utama Jepang. Bareng, dhèwèké asring dikenal minangka Kapuloan Jepang.<ref>{{cite book|last=McCargo|first=Duncan|title=Contemporary Japan|year=2000|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-333-71000-5 |pages=8–11|url={{Google books|8au8QgAACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Ing taun 2019, wilayah Jepang gedhene udakara 377.975.24&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (145.937.06 sq mi).<ref name="area-2019" /> Jepang duwe garis pantai paling dawa nomer enem ing saindenging jagad (29.751&nbsp;km (18.486&nbsp;mi)). Amarga akeh pulau sing jarake adoh banget, Jepang duwe Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif paling gedhe nomer wolu ing jagad iki sing ndunungi 4.470.000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (1.730.000 sq mi).<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/JODC/ryokai/ryokai_setsuzoku.html |script-title=ja:日本の領海等概念図| publisher=海上保安庁海洋情報部| accessdate=August 12, 2018| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812151410/http://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/JODC/ryokai/ryokai_setsuzoku.html| archivedate=August 12, 2018}}</ref> Udakara 73 persen Jepang iseh alas-alasan, pegunungan lan ora cocog kanggo panggunaan pertanian, industri utawa perumahan.<ref name="cia">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html |title=CIA Factbook: Japan |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=August 27, 2019 |archive-date=December 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228224107/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Japan|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm|publisher=US Department of State|accessdate=January 16, 2011}}</ref> Akibate, zona sing bisa dihuni, utamane ing wilayah pesisir, duwe kepadatan penduduk sing akeh banget. Jepang yaiku salah sawijining [[Pratélaning nagara lan tlatah miturut karapetan cacah jiwa|negara sing paling padhet ing donya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statisticstimes.com/demographics/countries-by-population-density.php|website=Statistics Times|title=List of countries by population density|access-date=12 Oktober 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Geographic Dependency of Population Distribution|journal=Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Modeling and Simulation, plus Econophysics Colloquium |pages=151–162|first1=Shouji |last1=Fujimoto|first2=Takayuki|last2= Mizuno|first3=Takaaki |last3=Ohnishi|first4=Chihiro |last4=Shimizu|first5=Tsutomu |last5=Watanabe|year=2014|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-20591-5_14}}</ref> Kira-kira 0,5% saka total wilayah Jepang direklamasi (umetatechi). Proyek ing pungkasan abad kaping 20 lan awal abad kaping 21 kalebu pulo-pulo buatan kaya ta [[Papan Anggegana Internasional Centrair Chūbu|Bandara Internasional Chubu Centrair]] ing Teluk Ise, Bandara Internasional Kansai ing tengah Teluk Osaka, Surga Laut Yokohama Hakkeijima lan Kutha Marina Wakayama.<ref name="reclaimed-land">{{cite web |url=http://japanpropertycentral.com/real-estate-faq/reclaimed-land-in-japan/ |title=Reclaimed Land in Japan |publisher=Japan Property Central |date= |accessdate=September 26, 2018 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226211747/http://japanpropertycentral.com/real-estate-faq/reclaimed-land-in-japan/ |archivedate=February 26, 2018}}</ref> Jepang rawan [[Lindhu]], [[tsunami]] lan [[gunung geni]] amarga Jepang ana ing sadawane [[Ali-ali geni|Cincin Geni Pasifik]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Israel|first=Brett|date=March 14, 2011|title=Japan's Explosive Geology Explained|url=http://www.livescience.com/30226-japan-tectonics-explosive-geology-ring-of-fire-110314.html|publisher=Live Science}}</ref> Jepang dadi negara sing nduwe risiko bencana alam paling dhuwur nomer 15 ing sadonya sing diukur ing Indeks Risiko Sedunia 2013.<ref name="2013 World Risk Report">{{Cite web|title=2013 World Risk Report|url=http://www.worldriskreport.com/uploads/media/WorldRiskReport_2013_online_01.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816173655/http://www.worldriskreport.com/uploads/media/WorldRiskReport_2013_online_01.pdf|archive-date=August 16, 2014|access-date=May 20, 2014}}</ref> Jepang nduwe 111 gunung geni aktif.<ref>{{cite journal|title=A New Japan Volcanological Database|last1=Fujita|first1=Eisuke|last2=Ueda|first2=Hideki|last3=Nakada|first3=Setsuya|journal=Frontiers in Earth Science|date=July 2020|doi=10.3389/feart.2020.00205}}</ref> Lindhu gedhe, asring nyebabake tsunami, kedadeyan kaping pirang-pirang ing saben abad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_asia/japan_tec.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204064754/http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_asia/japan_tec.html |archivedate=February 4, 2007 |title=Tectonics and Volcanoes of Japan |publisher=Oregon State University |accessdate=March 27, 2007}}</ref> [[Lindhu Gedhé Kantō 1923|Lindhu Tokyo ing taun 1923]] niwaske luwih saka 140.000 wong.<ref>{{cite web|last=James |first=C.D. |title=The 1923 Tokyo Earthquake and Fire |url=http://nisee.berkeley.edu/kanto/tokyo1923.pdf |publisher=University of California Berkeley |accessdate=January 16, 2011 |year=2002 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316050633/http://nisee.berkeley.edu/kanto/tokyo1923.pdf |archivedate=March 16, 2007}}</ref> Lindhu gedhe paling anyar yaiku Lindhu Gedhe Hanshin 1995 lan [[Lindhu lan tsunami Sendai 2011|Lindhu Tōhoku 2011]], sing nyebabake tsunami gedhe.<ref name="nytimes-tsunami">{{cite news|last=Fackler|first=Martin; Drew, Kevin|title=Devastation as Tsunami Crashes Into Japan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/12/world/asia/12japan.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 11, 2011}}</ref> === Iklim === Iklim Jepang akehe duweni iklim sedheng nanging beda-beda gumantung wilyahe saka lor nganti kidul. Wilayah paling lor, [[Hokkaido]], duwe iklim bawana lembab, mongso adhem seng adem lan dawa sarta musim panas seng anget nganti sejuk. Curah udan ora deres banget, nanging pulo kasebut biasane nggawe tumpukan salju seng jero ing musim adhem.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite book|last=Karan|first=Pradyumna Prasad|title=Japan in the 21st century|year=2005|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=978-0-8131-2342-4|pages=18–21, 41|author2=Gilbreath, Dick|url={{Google books|oze_mWihnU0C|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Ing wilayah Laut Jepang ing pesisir kulon Honshu, angin musim adhem Lor-kulon nggawa salju gedhe nalika ing musim adhem. Ing mangsa panas, wilayah kasebut kadang ngalami suhu sing panas banget amarga foehn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/cpd/longfcst/en/tourist/file/Hokuriku.html|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|title=Climate of Hokuriku district|accessdate=October 24, 2020}}</ref> Dataran tinggi tengah duwe iklim bawana lembab sing khas ing pedalaman, seng duweni beda gedhe antarane suhu ing musim panas lan musim adhem. Pegunungan ing wilayah Chūgoku lan Shikoku nglindungi Sagara Pedalaman Seto saka angin mangsan, saengga nggawa cuaca sejuk ing sajrone taun.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> Pesisir Pasifik nduwe iklim subtropis lembab saengga ngalami musim salju sing luwih sejuk kanthi salju seng kadang midun lan musim panas sing panas lan lembab amarga angin mangsan saka kidul-wétan. Pulo Ryukyu lan Nanpō duwe iklim [[subtropis]], kanthi musim adhem sing luwih anget lan mangsa panas sing panas banget. Curah udan deres banget, luwih-luwih nalika musim rendheng.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> Suhu rata-rata mangsa adhem ing Jepang yaiku {{convert|5.1|C|°F}} lan suhu rata-rata mangsa panas yaiku {{convert|25.2|C|°F}}.<ref name="climate">{{cite web|title=Climate|url=http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/arrange/essential/climate.html|publisher=[[Japan National Tourism Organization|JNTO]]|accessdate=March 2, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218041449/http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/arrange/essential/climate.html|archive-date=February 18, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Suhu paling dhuwur sing pernah diukur ing Jepang yaiku {{convert|41.1|°C}}, kacathet tanggal 23 Juli 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/07/23/world/asia/ap-as-asia-heat-wave.html |title=Record High in Japan as Heat Wave Grips the Region |access-date=July 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723124113/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/07/23/world/asia/ap-as-asia-heat-wave.html |archive-date=July 23, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Mangsa udan]] diwiwiti ing wiwitan Mei ing Okinawa, lan pindhah menyang sisih Lor nganti tekan Hokkaido ing pungkasan Juli. Ing pungkasan mangsa panas lan wiwitan mangsa gugur, topan asring nggawa udan deres.<ref name="climate" /> Miturut Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup udan deres lan munggahe suhu nyebabake sawetara masalah ing industri pertanian lan ing papan liya.<ref name=climatechange>{{Cite web|title=Japan 2030: Tackling climate issues is key to the next decade|url=https://features.japantimes.co.jp/climate-crisis-2030/|website=The Japan Times|last=Ito|first=Masami|accessdate=September 24, 2020}}</ref> === Keanekaragaman hayati === Jepang duwe sangang wilayah alas ekologi sing nggambarake iklim lan geografi ing pulo kasebut. Kasedhiya wiwit alas subtropis lembab ing Pulo Ryūkyū lan [[Kapuloan Bonin|Bonin]], nganti alas campuran ing daerah iklim ing pulo-pulo utama, nganti alas konifer ing daerah mangsa adhem sing adhem, ing sisih lor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/jicc/spotflora.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213035135/http://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/jicc/spotflora.htm |archivedate=February 13, 2007 |title=Flora and Fauna: Diversity and regional uniqueness |publisher=Embassy of Japan in the USA |accessdate=April 1, 2007}}</ref> Jepang duwe luwih saka 90.000 spesies satwa, kalebu bruwang coklat, monyet Jepang, asu rakun Jepang, tikus lapangan gedhe Jepang, lan salamander raksasa Jepang.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Wildlife in Japan |url=http://www.env.go.jp/nature/yasei/pamph/pamph01/en.pdf |publisher=[[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment]] |accessdate=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323165908/http://www.env.go.jp/nature/yasei/pamph/pamph01/en.pdf |archivedate=March 23, 2011}}</ref> Jaringan [[Pratélaning taman nasional ing Jepang|taman nasional]] sing gedhe wis digawe kanggo nglindhungi wilayah flora lan fauna sing penting uga 37 situs lahan basah Ramsar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/ |title=National Parks of Japan |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |accessdate=May 11, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-annolist-japan/main/ramsar/1-30-168^16573_4000_0__ |title=The Annotated Ramsar List: Japan |publisher=Ramsar |accessdate=May 11, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917191036/http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-annolist-japan/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E16573_4000_0__ |archivedate=September 17, 2011}}</ref> Papat situs wis katulis ing Daftar Warisan Dunia UNESCO amarga nilai alam sing luar biasa.<ref name="unesco1">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/jp |title=Japan&nbsp;– Properties Inscribed on the World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=July 5, 2011}}</ref> === Lingkungan === Ing periode pertumbuhan ekonomi sing cepet sawise Perang Donya II, kabijakan lingkungan disepeleke dening pamrentah lan perusahaan industri, asile, polusi lingkungan nyebar ing taun 1950an lan 1960an. Nanggepi saya gedhene kekhawatiran, pamrentah nggawe sawetara undang-undang perlindungan lingkungan ing taun 1970.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:日本の大気汚染の歴史 |url=http://www.erca.go.jp/taiki/history/ko_syousyu.html |publisher=Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency |accessdate=March 2, 2014 |language=Japanese |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501085231/http://www.erca.go.jp/taiki/history/ko_syousyu.html |archivedate=May 1, 2011}}</ref> [[Krisis lenga 1973|Krisis lenga]] ing taun 1973 uga ndorong panggunaan energi kanthi efisien amarga Jepang kekurangan sumber daya alam.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sekiyama|first=Takeshi|title=Japan's international cooperation for energy efficiency and conservation in Asian region|url=http://nice.erina.or.jp/en/pdf/C-SEKIYAMA.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216005103/http://nice.erina.or.jp/en/pdf/C-SEKIYAMA.pdf|archivedate=February 16, 2008|publisher=Energy Conservation Center|accessdate=January 16, 2011}}</ref> Ing taun 2020, luwih saka 22 pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara direncanakake dibangun ing Jepang, sawise mateni armada nuklir Jepang sawise bencana nuklir Fukushima 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/japan-new-coal-power-plant-climate-change-tokyo-a9316271.html|website=The Independent|title=Japan to build up to 22 new coal power plants despite climate emergency|last=Tabuchi|first=Hiroko|date=February 4, 2020}}</ref> Jepang rangking nomer 20 ing Indeks Kinerja Lingkungan 2018, sing ngukur komitmen negara kanggo kelestarian lingkungan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Environmental Performance Index: Japan|url=https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/epi-country-report/JPN|publisher=Yale University|accessdate=February 26, 2018|archive-date=November 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119100506/https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/epi-country-report/JPN|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jepang yaiku pengasil emisi [[karbon dioksida]] paling gedhe kaping lima ing donya.<ref name=climatechange/> Minangka tuan omah lan panandha tangan [[Protokol Kyoto]] 1997, Jepang duwe kewajiban kanggo nyuda emisi karbon dioksida lan njupuk langkah-langkah liyane kanggo ngatasi perubahan iklim.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUST191967 |title=Japan sees extra emission cuts to 2020 goal&nbsp;– minister |date=June 24, 2009 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> Ing taun 2020 pamrentah Jepang ngumumake target netralitas karbon ing taun 2050.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Davidson |first1=Jordan |title=Japan Targets Carbon Neutrality by 2050 |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/japan-carbon-neutral-2648499409.html |website=Ecowatch |date=26 Oktober 2020}}</ref> Masalah lingkungan saiki kalebu polusi udara kutha (NOx, partikulat ingkang tersuspensi, lan racun), manajemen limbah, eutrofikasi banyu, [[konservasi]] alam, perubahan iklim, manajemen bajan kimia lan kerja sama internasional kanggo konservasi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Environmental Performance Review of Japan|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/0/17/2110905.pdf|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|accessdate=January 16, 2011}}</ref> == Politik == Jepang yaiku negara kesatuan lan monarki konstitusional sing kekuwatane Kaisar mung diwatesi dadi peran seremonial.<ref name=euparl>{{cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI%282020%29651951|publisher=European Parliament|title=Japan's Parliament and other political institutions|date=June 9, 2020}}</ref> Kekuwatan eksekutif dicekel dening Nayakotama Jepang lan Kabinet, sing kedaulatane dicekel dening masarakat Jepang.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web|url=http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html |title=The Constitution of Japan |publisher=Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet |date=November 3, 1946 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214104438/http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html |archivedate=December 14, 2013}}</ref> [[Naruhito]] yaiku Kaisar Jepang saiki sing munggah Tahta Krisan ing taun 2019, sawise nggenteni bapake [[Akihito]].<ref name=euparl/> Badan legislatif Jepang yaiku Diet Nasional, ingkang kabentuk parlemen rong kamar.<ref name=euparl/> Badan iki kalebu Dewan Paheman Asor kanthi cacahe 465 kursi, dipilih kanthi pemilihan umum saben patang taun utawa dibubarake, lan Dewan Paheman Luhur ingkang cacahe uga 245 kursi, sing anggota sing dipilih saben nem taun pisan.<ref name=sec>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/837056/000119312520211213/d477441dex1.htm|publisher=US Securities and Exchange Commission|date=August 6, 2020|title=Japan}}</ref> Ana hak pilih kanggo wong diwasa luwih saka 18 taun,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/2016/07/japan-youth-can-make-difference-new-voting-rights-u-n-envoy/|publisher=UN Envoy on Youth|title=Japan Youth Can Make Difference with New Voting Rights: UN Envoy|date=July 2016}}</ref> kanthi pamungutan suoro rahasia kanggo kabeh kantor sing dipilih.<ref name="Constitution" /> Nayakotama minangka kepala pamrentah duwe kekuwatan kanggo milih lan nolak Menteri Negara, lan dhèwèké ditunjuk dening kaisar sawise dipilih saka anggota Diet.<ref name=sec/> Yoshihide Suga yaiku nayakotama Jepang saiki ingkang kapilih ing pemilihan nayakotama Jepang taun 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/09/14/national/politics-diplomacy/yoshihide-suga-japan-prime-minister/ |title=Yoshihide Suga set to become Japan's prime minister after winning LDP election |work=Japan Times |date=September 14, 2020 }}</ref> Secara historis politik jepang dipengaruhi karo hukum Tiongkok, sistem hukum Jepang berkembang sacara mandiri ing sajrone periode Edo liwat teks kaya ''Kujikata Osadamegaki''.<ref name=dean>{{cite book|last=Dean|first=Meryll|title=Japanese legal system: text, cases & materials|year=2002|publisher=Cavendish|isbn=978-1-85941-673-0|pages=55–58, 131|edition=2nd|url={{Google books|lt9jB5CjfRIC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Nanging, wiwit pungkasan abad kaping 19, sistem hukum biasane adhedhasar saka hukum perdata Eropa, utamane Jerman. Ing taun 1896, Jepang nggawe hukum perdata adhedhasar Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch Jerman, sing tetep berlaku lan dimodifikasi sawise Perang Donya II.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kanamori|first=Shigenari|title=German influences on Japanese Pre-War Constitution and Civil Code|journal=European Journal of Law and Economics|date=January 1, 1999|volume=7|issue=1|pages=93–95|doi=10.1023/A:1008688209052|s2cid=85450010}}</ref> Konstitusi Jepang, sing diadopsi ing taun 1947, yaiku konstitusi paling tuwa sing durung diowahi nganti saiki ing donya.<ref name="anomalous-constitution">{{cite news|title=The Anomalous Life of the Japanese Constitution |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/in-depth/a05602/the-anomalous-life-of-the-japanese-constitution.html |date=August 15, 2017 |website=Nippon.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811213143/https://www.nippon.com/en/in-depth/a05602/the-anomalous-life-of-the-japanese-constitution.html |url-status=live |archive-date=August 11, 2019}}</ref> Hukum Perundhang-undhang diwiwiti saka ing badhan legislatif, lan konstitusi negesake supaya kaisar ngumumake undang-undang sing disahake dening Diet tanpa menehi kekuwatan kanggo nglawan undang-undang. Badan utama hukum Jepang diarani ''Six Codes'' utawa Nem Hukum.<ref name=dean/> Sistem pengadilan Jepang dipérang dadi patang tingkat dhasar: Pengadilan Asor lan telung tingkat pengadilan andhap.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/judiciary/0620system.html |publisher=Office of the Prime Minister of Japan |title=The Japanese Judicial System |date=July 1999}}</ref> === Pembagean administratif === Jepang dipérang dadi 47 prefektur, sing masing-masing diawasi karo gubernur lan legislatif sing dipilih.<ref name=euparl/> Ing tabel ing ngisor iki, prefektur diklompokaké miturut wilayah: [[File:Regions and Prefectures of Japan 2.svg|jmpl|center|upright=1.5|Prefektur ing Jepang]] {| style="margin:auto;" | style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" | <div class="center">{{color box|#EF7979}} '''[[Hokkaido]]'''</div> ---- 1.&nbsp;[[Hokkaido]] | style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" | <div class="center">'''{{color box|#EFE979}} [[Daerah Tōhoku|Tōhoku]]'''</div> ---- 2.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Aomori|Aomori]]<br /> 3.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Iwate|Iwate]]<br /> 4.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Miyagi|Miyagi]]<br /> 5.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Akita|Akita]]<br /> 6.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Yamagata|Yamagata]]<br /> 7.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Fukushima|Fukushima]] | style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" | <div class="center">'''{{color box|#87EF79}} [[Kantō region|Kantō]]'''</div> ---- 8.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Ibaraki|Ibaraki]]<br /> 9.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Tochigi|Tochigi]]<br /> 10.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Gunma|Gunma]]<br /> 11.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Saitama|Saitama]]<br /> 12.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Chiba|Chiba]]<br /> 13.&nbsp;[[Tokyo]]<br /> 14.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Kanagawa|Kanagawa]] | style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" | <div class="center">'''{{color box|#79EFDB}} [[Daerah Chūbu|Chūbu]]'''</div> ---- 15.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Niigata|Niigata]]<br /> 16.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Toyama|Toyama]]<br /> 17.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Ishikawa|Ishikawa]]<br /> 18.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Fukui|Fukui]]<br /> 19.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Yamanashi|Yamanashi]]<br /> 20.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Nagano|Nagano]]<br /> 21.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Gifu|Gifu]]<br /> 22.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Shizuoka|Shizuoka]]<br /> 23.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Aichi|Aichi]] |- | style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" | <div class="center">'''{{color box|#9579EF}} [[Kansai]]'''</div> ---- 24.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Mie|Mie]]<br /> 25.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Shiga|Shiga]]<br /> 26.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Kyoto|Kyoto]]<br /> 27.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Osaka|Osaka]]<br /> 28.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Hyōgo|Hyōgo]]<br /> 29.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Nara|Nara]]<br /> 30.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Wakayama|Wakayama]] | style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" | <div class="center">'''{{color box|#EFB179}} [[Daerah Chūgoku|Chūgoku]]'''</div> ---- 31.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Tottori|Tottori]]<br /> 32.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Shimane|Shimane]]<br /> 33.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Okayama|Okayama]]<br /> 34.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Hiroshima|Hiroshima]]<br /> 35.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Yamaguchi|Yamaguchi]] | style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" | <div class="center">'''{{color box|#CC79EF}} [[Shikoku]]'''</div> ---- 36.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Tokushima|Tokushima]]<br /> 37.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Kagawa|Kagawa]]<br /> 38.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Ehime|Ehime]]<br /> 39.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Kōchi|Kōchi]] | style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" | <div class="center">'''{{color box|#B4B4B4}} [[Kyūshū]]'''</div> ---- 40.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Fukuoka|Fukuoka]]<br /> 41.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Saga|Saga]]<br /> 42.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Nagasaki|Nagasaki]]<br /> 43.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Kumamoto|Kumamoto]]<br /> 44.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Ōita|Ōita]]<br /> 45.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Miyazaki|Miyazaki]]<br /> 46.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Kagoshima|Kagoshima]]<br /> 47.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Okinawa|Okinawa]] |} {{clear}} === Hubungan luar negri === Jepang dadi anggota PBB wiwit taun 1956, Jepang yaiku salah sawijining negara G4 sing pengin dadi anggota permanen ing [[Dhéwan Kaamanan PBB]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/09024.pdf|publisher=FES|title=Japan's quest for a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council|date=January 2012|last=Katsuno|first=Masatsune}}</ref> Jepang yaiku anggota saka G7, APEC, lan "ASEAN Plus Three", uga dadi peserta ing KTT Asia Wétan.<ref name=terada>{{cite book|url=https://www.jcie.org/researchpdfs/PacificNation/Terada.pdf|last=Terada|first=Takashi|chapter=The United States and East Asian Regionalism|title=A Pacific Nation|editor1=Borthwick, Mark|editor2=Yamamoto, Tadashi|editor2-link=Tadashi Yamamoto |year=2011|isbn=978-4-88907-133-7}}</ref> Jepang nandatangani pakta keamanan karo Australia ing wulan Maret 2007<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/australia/joint0703.html |title=Japan-Australia Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> lan karo India ing Oktober 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/india/pmv0810/joint_d.html |title=Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation between Japan and India |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |date=October 22, 2008}}</ref> Jepang dadi negara pendonor pambiyantu pembangunan nomer lima paling gedhe ing donya, kanthi nyumbang US$ 9,2 milyar ing taun 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics from the Development Co-operation Report 2015|url=http://www.oecd.org/dac/japan.htm|publisher=OECD|accessdate=November 15, 2015}}</ref> Ing 2017, Jepang duwe jaringan diplomatik kaping lima paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad.<ref name="global-diplomacy-index">{{Cite web|url=https://globaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org/country_rank.html|title=Global Diplomacy Index&nbsp;– Country Rank|publisher=Lowy Institute|access-date=April 1, 2018|archive-date=February 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201012801/http://globaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org/country_rank.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jepang duwe hubungan ekonomi lan militer sing cedhak karo Amerika Serikat.<ref name=us-relations>{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-japan/|publisher=US Department of State|title=US Relations with Japan|date=January 21, 2020}}</ref> Amerika Serikat dadi pasar utama ekspor Jepang lan sumber impor Jepang, Amerika Serikat uga duwe komitmen kanggo mbela negara kasebut, kanthi nggawe basis militer ing Jepang.<ref name=us-relations/> Sawise Jepang kalah ing Perang Dunia II, [[Kapuloan Mariana Lor]] sing dikuasai Jepang dadi dikuasai Amerika Serikat.<ref>''The Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union With the United States of America'', {{USStatute|94|241|90|263|1976|03|24}}</ref> Hubungan Jepang karo Korea Selatan sacara historis ora kuwat amarga tindakane Jepang ing Korea nalika jaman kolonial Jepang, utamane babagan masalah Ianfu. Ing 2015, Jepang setuju kanggo ngrampungake perselisihan babagan Ianfu karo Korea Selatan kanthi menehi permintaan maaf lan mbayar dhuwit kanggo wanita sing isih urip.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35188135|title=Japan and South Korea agree WW2 'comfort women' deal|date=December 28, 2015|work=BBC News}}</ref> Ing taun 1990an minat ing budaya Korea ing Jepang saya nambah, utamane ana ing babagan panganan, lelungan, lan Piala Donya.<ref name=miller>{{Cite journal|last=Miller|first=Laura|title=Korean TV Dramas and the Japan-Style Korean Wave|url=https://www.academia.edu/170803/Korean_TV_Dramas_and_the_Japan_Style_Korean_Wave|journal=Post Script|volume=27|issue=3|pages=17–24|access-date=2020-11-28|archive-date=2020-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115164743/https://www.academia.edu/170803/Korean_TV_Dramas_and_the_Japan_Style_Korean_Wave|url-status=dead}}</ref> Penyebaran [[Hallyu|Gelombang Korea]] ing wiwitan taun 2000an (diarani gelombang hanryu utawa kanryu ing Jepang) nyepetake tren iki, contone serial televisi Korea Winter Sonata.<ref name=miller/> Jepang dadi importir utama musik Korea ([[K-pop]]), televisi (K-drama), lan produk budaya liyane.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ju|first=H.|date=July 2018|title=The Korean Wave and Korean Dramas|website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication|url=https://oxfordre.com/communication/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228613-e-715}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20190814000566|website=The Korean Herald|title=21 years after ‘Japanese invasion,’ Korean pop culture stronger than ever|last=Min-sik|first=Yoon|date=August 14, 2019}}</ref> Jepang duwe sawetara perselisihan wilayah karo tangga teparo. Jepang nglawan kontrol Ruslan ing Pulo Kuril Kidul, sing dikuwasani Uni Soviet ing taun 1945.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/europe/russia/territory/index.html |title=Japanese Territory, Northern Territories |date=April 4, 2014 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|MOFA]]}}</ref> Nglawan kontrol Korea Kidul ing Liancourt Rocks sing diakoni Korea Kidul nanging ora ditampa amarga diklaim Jepang.<ref name="takeshima">{{cite web|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/takeshima/index.html |title=Japanese Territory, Takeshima |date=July 30, 2014 |publisher=MOFA}}</ref> Jepang negesake hubungan sing ora apik karo China lan Taiwan babagan Kapuloan Senkaku lan status Okinotorishima.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1177/0920203X16665778|date=September 2016|title=The Senkaku Shoto/Diaoyu Islands and Okinotorishima disputes: Ideational and material influences|last=Fox|first=Senan|journal=China Information|volume=30|issue=3}}</ref> === Militer === Jepang dadi negara Asia nomer loro paling dhuwur ing Indeks Perdamaian Global.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GPI_2020_web.pdf|title=Global Peace Index 2020|publisher=Institute for Economics & Peace|date=June 2020}}</ref> Jepang dadi salah sawijining negara paling gedhe ing donya babagan anggaran militer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globalfirepower.com/defense-spending-budget.asp|website=Global Firepower|title=Defense Spending by Country (2020)|accessdate=November 9, 2020}}</ref> Militer negara kasebut (Pasukan Bela Diri Jepang) diwatesi dening Pasal 9 Konstitusi Jepang, sing nolak hak Jepang kanggo ngumumake perang utawa nggunakake kekuwatan militer ing perselisihan internasional.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/japan-constitution/article9.php|publisher=Library of Congress|title=Japan: Article 9 of the Constitution|accessdate=November 9, 2020}}</ref> Militer dipimpin dening Menteri Pertahanan, lan utamane kalebu Angkatan Darat Bela Diri Jepang, Angkatan Laut Bela Diri Jepang, lan Angkatan Udara Beli Diri Jepang. Angkatan Laut Bela Diri Maritim dadi peserta rutin latihan maritim RIMPAC.<ref>{{cite web|title=About RIMPAC |url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/exrimpac/abt_rimpac.html |publisher=Government of Singapore |accessdate=March 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806203903/http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/exrimpac/abt_rimpac.html |archivedate=August 6, 2013}}</ref> Penyebaran pasukan menyang Irak lan Afghanistan dadi panggunaan militer Jepang ing jaban jepang kaping pisanane wiwit Perang Dunia II.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/japan-and-its-military|last=Teslik|first=Lee Hudson|date=April 13, 2006|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|title=Japan and its military}}</ref> Pamrentah Jepang wis nggawe perubahan babagan kebijakan keamanan sing kalebu pembentukan Dewan Keamanan Nasional, adopsi Strategi Keamanan Nasional, lan pangembangan Pedoman Program Pertahanan Nasional.<ref name="Japan's Security Policy">{{cite news |title= Japan's Security Policy |publisher= Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan |url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/security/|date=April 6, 2016}}</ref> Ing wulan Mei 2014, Nayakotama Shinzō Abe ujar manawa Jepang pengin ngeculake pasife sing wus dipertahanke wiwit pungkasan Perang Dunia II lan njupuk tanggung jawab seng luwih akeh kanggo keamanan regional.<ref name="JapanAsia">{{cite news|title=Abe offers Japan's help in maintaining regional security|url=http://www.japanherald.com/index.php/sid/222467193/scat/c4f2dd8ca8c78044/ht/Abe-offers-Japans-help-in-maintaining-regional-security|accessdate=May 31, 2014|newspaper=Japan Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531184828/http://www.japanherald.com/index.php/sid/222467193/scat/c4f2dd8ca8c78044/ht/Abe-offers-Japans-help-in-maintaining-regional-security|archive-date=May 31, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ketegangan anyar-anyar iki, utamane karo Korea Lor lan Cina, nyebabake debat babagan status JSDF lan hubungane karo masarakat Jepang.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/09/japan-dealing-with-north-koreas-growing-missile-threat/|work=The Diplomat|last=Yoji|first=Koda|date=September 18, 2020|title=Japan: Dealing with North Korea’s Growing Missile Threat}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/japan-china-military-provocations-revival-disputed-islands-pacifism-11594735596|work=The Wall Street Journal|title=China Provocations Hasten Japan’s Military Revival|last1=Gale|first1=Alastair|last2=Tsuneoka|first2=Chieko|date=July 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2019/04/17/japans-self-defence-forces-are-beginning-to-focus-on-china|work=The Economist|title=Japan's Self-Defence Forces are beginning to focus on China|date=April 17, 2019}}</ref> === Penegak ukum domestik === Keamanan domestik ing Jepang utamane diwenehake dening departemen kepolisi prefektur, ing sangisoré pengawasan Badan Polisi Nasional.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Supreme Court of Japan|year=2005|title=Who will conduct the investigation?|url=http://www.courts.go.jp/saiban/qa_keizi/qa_keizi_09/index.html|accessdate=November 1, 2018}}</ref> Minangka badan koordinator pusat kanggo Departemen Kepolisian Prefektur, Badan Kepolisian Nasional dikelola dening Komisi Keamanan Publik Nasional.<ref name="NPA1977-2">{{Cite book|editor=National Police Agency Police History Compilation Committee|year=1977|title=Japan post-war police history|publisher=[[:ja:警察協会|Japan Police Support Association]]|language=Japanese}}</ref> Tim Serangan Khusus kalebu unit taktis kontra terorisme tingkat nasional sing kerja sama karo Pasukan Anti Senjata Api tingkat teritorial lan Pasukan Pelawan Terorisme-NBC.<ref name="WP">{{cite web|url=http://www.npa.go.jp/english/kokusai9/White_Paper_2009_7.pdf|title=Chapter IV. Maintenance of Public Safety and Disaster Countermeasures|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5xSaWNCYB?url=http://www.npa.go.jp/english/kokusai9/White_Paper_2009_7.pdf|accessdate=March 25, 2011|archivedate=March 26, 2011|publisher=[[National Police Agency (Japan)|Japanese National Police Agency]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kajaba iku, ana Panjaga Pantai Jepang sing njaga perairan teritorial jepang. Penjaga pesisir ngawasi sagara ing sekitaran Jepang lan nggunakake upaya pengawasan lan kontrole tumprap penyelundupan, tindak pidana lingkungan laut, perburuan, pembajakan, kapal mancing asing sing ora sah, lan imigrasi ilegal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/e/image/15_b%20of%20jcg.pdf |title=Japan Coast Guard|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708235951/https://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/e/image/15_b%20of%20jcg.pdf |accessdate=July 8, 2019 |archivedate=July 8, 2019 |publisher=[[Japan Coast Guard]] |url-status=live}}</ref> Hukum Kontrol Senjata Api lan Pedhang ketat ngatur kepemilikan senjata, pedhang lan gaman liyane kanggo rakyat sipil.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2008/11/29/national/diet-tightens-laws-on-knives-guns/#.XS9faShKi01 |title=Diet tightens laws on knives, guns |date=November 29, 2008 |work=The Japan Times |access-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-date=April 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413233016/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2008/11/29/national/diet-tightens-laws-on-knives-guns/#.XS9faShKi01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/07/a-land-without-guns-how-japan-has-virtually-eliminated-shooting-deaths/260189/ |title=A Land Without Guns: How Japan Has Virtually Eliminated Shooting Deaths |date=July 23, 2012 |first=Max |last=Fisher |work=[[The Atlantic]] }}</ref> Miturut Kantor PBB babagan Narkoba lan Kadurjanan, ing antarane negara-negara anggota PBB liyane, tingkat kedadeyan kriminal ganas kaya ta rajapati, penculikan, kekerasan seksual lan perampokan sithik banget ing Jepang.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=UNODC|title=Victims of intentional homicide, 1990&ndash;2018|url=https://dataunodc.un.org/content/data/homicide/homicide-rate|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=UNODC|url=https://dataunodc.un.org/data/crime/kidnapping|title=Kidnapping: 2018|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=UNODC|title=Sexual violence|url=https://dataunodc.un.org/data/crime/sexual-violence|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=UNODC|title=Robbery: 2018|url=https://dataunodc.un.org/data/crime/Robbery|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> == Ekonomi == Ekonomi Jepang dadi ekonomi nasional nomer telu paling gedhe ing donya, sawise Amerika Serikat lan Cina, ing babagan PDB nominal,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true&year_high_desc=true|publisher=World Bank|title=GDP (current US$)|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> lan dadi ekonomi nasional paling gedhe nomer papat ing donya, sawise Amerika Serikat, Cina lan India, ing babagan [[paritas daya tuku]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP_PPP.pdf|accessdate=November 11, 2020|title=Gross domestic product 2019, PPP|publisher=World Bank}}</ref> Ing taun 2019, utang negara Jepang kira-kira ana 230 persen saka [[produk domestik bruto]] tahunan, lan dadi sing paling gedhe saka negara liya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fitchratings.com/research/sovereigns/japan-coronavirus-response-increases-public-debt-challenge-15-04-2020|publisher=Fitch Ratings|title=Japan's Coronavirus Response Increases Public Debt Challenge|date=April 15, 2020}}</ref> Ing taun 2019, tenaga kerja Jepang ana kira-kira 67 yuta tenaga kerja.<ref name=sec/> Jepang duwe tingkat pengangguran sing sitik, udakara 2,4 persen.<ref name=sec/> Udakara 16 persen populasi Jepang ana ing sangisore garis kemiskinan ing taun 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/17/japans-rising-child-poverty-exposes-truth-behind-two-decades-of-economic-decline|work=The Guardian|title=Japan's rising child poverty exposes true cost of two decades of economic decline|last=McCurry|first=Justin|date=January 17, 2017}}</ref> Ekspor Jepang gunggunge 18,5% saka PDB ing taun 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS?locations=JP|publisher=World Bank|title=Exports of goods and services (% of GDP): Japan|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> Ing taun 2019, pasar ekspor utama Jepang yaiku Amerika Serikat (19,8 persen) lan China (19,1 persen).<ref name=sec/> Ekspor utamane yaiku peralatan transportasi, kendaraan bermotor, produk besi lan baja, semikonduktor lan suku cadang.<ref name="cia" /> Pasar impor utama Jepang ing taun 2019 yaiku Cina (23,5 persen), Amerika Serikat (11 persen), lan Australia (6,3 persen).<ref name=sec/> Impor utama Jepang yaiku mesin lan peralatan, bahan bakar fosil, bahan pangan, bahan kimia, lan bahan baku kanggo industri.<ref name=sec/> Jepang dadi nomer 29 saka 190 negara ing indeks kegampangan nindhakake bisnis ing taun 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/rankings|publisher=World Bank|title=Ease of Doing Business rankings|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> Jepang uga duwe sektor koperasi sing gedhe, kanthi telu saka sepuluh [[koperasi]] paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad, kalebu koperasi konsumen paling gedhe lan koperasi pertanian paling gedhe ing donya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ica.coop/sites/default/files/publication-files/wcm2018-printx50-227290600.pdf |title=The 2018 World Cooperative Monitor: Exploring the Cooperative Economy |date=October 2018 |publisher=[[International Co-operative Alliance]] }}</ref> Jepang duweni peringkat duwur ing babagan daya saing lan kebebasan ekonomi. Peringkat nomer enem ing Laporan Daya Saing Global kanggo 2015–2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2015-2016/economies/#indexId=GCI&economy=JPN |title=Country/Economy Profiles: Japan|publisher=World Economic Forum |accessdate=February 24, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2015-2016/competitiveness-rankings/ |title=Competitiveness Rankings |publisher=World Economic Forum |accessdate=February 24, 2016 |archive-date=April 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419144553/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2015-2016/competitiveness-rankings/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Pertanian lan perikanan === Sektor pertanian Jepang nyumbang udakara 1,2% saka total PDB negara.<ref name=sec/> Mung 11,5% lahan Jepang sing cocok kanggo ditandur.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.ARBL.ZS|title=Arable land (% of land area)|publisher=World Bank|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> Amarga kurang lahan sing bisa ditanduri, sistem terasering digunakake kanggo pertanian ing wilayah cilik.<ref name="Urbanites Help Sustain Japan's Historic Rice Paddy Terraces">{{cite web |url=http://ourworld.unu.edu/en/the-people-who-sustain-japans-historic-terraced-rice-fields |title=Urbanites Help Sustain Japan's Historic Rice Paddy Terraces |website=Our World |date=May 22, 2012|author1=Nagata, Akira |author2=Chen, Bixia}}</ref> Negara iki ngasilake salah sawijining asil panen paling dhuwur ing saindenging jagad, kanthi tingkat swasembada pertanian udakara 50%.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The spatial patterns in long-term temporal trends of three major crops' yields in Japan|doi=10.1080/1343943X.2018.1459752|year=2018|volume=21|last=Chen|first=Hungyen|journal=Plant Production Science|issue=3|pages=177–185}}</ref> Sektor pertanian cilik Jepang, uga disubsidi lan dilindhungi.<ref>{{cite web|work=Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation|title=Japan: Support to agriculture|year=2020|publisher=OECD|accessdate=November 11, 2020|url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/751935f0-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/751935f0-en|archive-date=June 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620151745/https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/751935f0-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/751935f0-en|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ana kekuatiran babagan pertanian amarga para petani saya tuwa lan angel golek penerus.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/12/31/grown-from-necessity-vertical-farming-takes-off-in-ageing-japan.html|title=Grown from necessity: Vertical farming takes off in aging Japan|last=Nishimura|first=Karyn|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=January 1, 2020|website=The Jakarta Post}}</ref> Jepang ana ing urutan kaping pitu ing jagad in babaan tonase iwak sing dicekel lan nangkep 3.167.610 metrik ton iwak ing 2016, mudhun saka rata-rata tahunan 4.000.000 ton sajrone dasawarsa sadurunge.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/i9540en.pdf |title=The state of world fisheries and aquaculture |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization |date=2018 |accessdate=May 25, 2020}}</ref> Jepang nduweni salah sawijining armada mancing paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad lan nyumbang meh 15% saka tangkapan global,<ref name=cia /> iki nyebabake kritik yen mancing ing Jepang nyebabake stok iwak kaya ta tuna dadi suda.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/24/japan-criticised-exceed-bluefin-tuna-fishing-quota|newspaper=The Guardian|last=McCurry|first=Justin|title=Japan to exceed bluefin tuna quota amid warnings of commercial extinction|date=April 24, 2017}}</ref> Jepang uga nuwuhake kontroversi kanthi ndhukung mancing komersial paus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48821797|website=BBC News|title=Japan resumes commercial whaling after 30 years|date=July 1, 2019}}</ref> === Industri === Jepang duwe kapasitas industri sing gedhe lan dadi omah kanggo sawetara "produsen kendaraan bermotor, alat mesin, logam baja lan logam nonferrous, kapal, [[Zat Kimia|bahan kimia]], tekstil, lan [[Pangan olahan|panganan olahan]] paling gedhe lan paling maju sacara teknologi".<ref name="cia"/> Sektor industri Jepang nyumbang udakara 27,5% PDB.<ref name=cia/> Sawetara perusahaan industri utama Jepang kalebu [[Canon|Canon Inc.]], Toshiba lan Nippon Steel.<ref name="cia" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Forbes Global 2000|url=https://www.forbes.com/global2000/list/|website=Forbes|accessdate=November 14, 2016}}</ref> Hasil produksi negara kasebut dadi nomer telu paling dhuwur ing saindenging jagad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manufacturing, value added (current US$) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true|access-date=March 17, 2020|publisher=World Bank}}</ref> Jepang minangka produsen mobil nomer telu paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad lan dadi omah saka [[Toyota]], perusahaan mobil paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/|title=Production Statistics|publisher=OICA|date=2016|accessdate=November 13, 2016|archive-date=November 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106174001/http://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/features/time-running-out-japans-car-industry|website=Autocar|title=Is time running out for Japan's car industry?|last=Holder|first=Jim|date=December 15, 2019}}</ref> Industri galangan kapal Jepang ngadhepi persaingan saka Korea Selatan lan China; inisiatif pamrentah taun 2020 ngidentifikasi sektor iki minangka target peningkatan ekspor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://japan-forward.com/japan-targets-to-export-more-ships-revive-global-market-share/|website=Japan Forward|title=Japan Targets to Export More Ships, Revive Global Market Share|last=Okada|first=Mizuki|date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> === Jasa lan Pariwisata === Sektor jasa Jepang nyumbang kira-kira 70% saka total output ekonomi ing taun 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.SRV.TOTL.ZS|publisher=World Bank|title=Services, value added (% of GDP)|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> Perbankan, ritel, transportasi, lan telekomunikasi minangka industri utamane, kanthi perusahaan kayata Toyota, Mitsubishi UFJ, NTT, ÆON, Softbank, Hitachi, lan Itochu sing kalebu salah sawijining sing paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad.<ref name="Fortune Global 500 ">{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/global500/2020/search/?fg500_country=Japan&non-us-cos-y-n=true |title=Fortune Global 500 |accessdate=November 11, 2020|website=Fortune}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/global2000/#2cb352db335d |title=The World's Largest Public Companies |work=Forbes |accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> Jepang narik udakara 31,9 yuta turis internasional ing taun 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://statistics.jnto.go.jp/en/graph/#graph--inbound--travelers--transition|title=Trends in the Visitor Arrivals to Japan by Year|publisher=JNTO|accessdate=December 11, 2020}}</ref> Kanggo pariwisata lumebu, Jepang ana ing peringkat nomer 11 ing jagad ing taun 2019.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.5|date=August–September 2020|publisher=UNWTO|title=Statistical Annex|journal=World Tourism Barometer|volume=18|issue=5|page=18|doi=10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.5|doi-access=free}}</ref> Laporan Daya Saing Pariwisata 2017 menggonke Jepang ana ing peringkat 4 saka 141 negara, lan sing paling dhuwur ing Asia.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017 |publisher=World Economic Forum |url=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TTCR_2017_web_0401.pdf |date=April 2017}}</ref> === Sains lan teknologi === Jepang yaiku salah sawjining negara sing unggul ing [[Métodhe èlmiah|riset ilmiah]], utamane ing ilmu alam lan teknik. Negara kasebut rangking nomer rolas ing antarane negara paling inovatif ing Indeks Inovasi Bloomberg 2020 lan kaping 13 ing Indeks Inovasi Global ing taun 2021, munggah saka 15 ing taun 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Innovation Index 2021 |url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2021/|work=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]]|publisher=[[United Nations]]|accessdate=March 5, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=JAPAN|url=https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_gii_2020/jp.pdf|work=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]]|publisher=[[United Nations]]|accessdate=September 2, 2021}}</ref> Miturut produk domestik bruto, anggaran riset lan pangembangan Jepang minangka sing paling dhuwur nomer loro ing donya,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uis.unesco.org/apps/visualisations/research-and-development-spending/|publisher=UNESCO|title=How much does your country invest in R&D?|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> kanthi 867.000 peneliti nuduhake anggaran riset lan pangembangan 19 triliun yen ing taun 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00388/japan%E2%80%99s-science-and-technology-research-spending-at-new-high.html|website=Nippon.com|date=February 19, 2019|title=Japan's Science and Technology Research Spending at New High}}</ref> Negara iki wis ngasilake rong puluh loro pamenang [[Bebungah Nobel|Nobel]] ing salah siji fisika, kimia utawa kesehatan,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/|publisher=Nobel Media|title=All Nobel Prizes|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> lan telung medali Fields.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal|publisher=International Mathematical Union|title=Fields Medal|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> == Wigati == {{reflist}} == Réferènsi == * Conrad Totman, 2000. 'A History of Modern Japan. Blackwell Publishers.' * C.H. Kwan. 2001. 'Yèn Bloc: Toward Economic Integration in Asia.' Brookings Institution Press. * Bernson, Mary Hammond and Elaine Magnusson, eds. Modern Japan: An Idea Book for K-12 Teachers. Multicultural Education Resource Serial. Olympia, WA: Office of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1984. ED 252 486. * Cogan, John J. and Donald O. Schneider, eds. Perspectives on Japan: A Guide for Teachers. Washington, DC: National Council for the Social Studies, 1983. ED 236 090. * East Meets West: Mutual Images. Stanford, CA: California Center for Research in International Studies, l980. ED 196 765. * Kaderabeck, Leslie. The Japanese Automobile Worker: A Microcosm of Japan's Success. 1985. ED 263 041. * Murphy, Carole. A Step by Step Guide for Planning a Japanese Cultural Festival. 1983. ED 238 748. * Wojtan, Linda S. Free Resources for Teaching about Japan. Bloomington, IN: Midwest Program for Teaching about Japan, Indiana University, 1986. ED 270 3891. == Peringkat internasional == * [[Pratélan nagara miturut Indèks Pembangunan Manungsa|Indèks Pembangunan Manungsa]]-peringkat angka 9 * [[Reporters Without Borders]]/Kabébasan Pers-peringkat kaping 44 * [http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html PDB saben kapita]-peringkat kaping 17 == Pirsanana uga == {{wikiportal}} * [[Komunikasi Jepang]] * [[Masalah ètnis ing Jepang]] * [[Hubungan manca nagara Jepang]] * [[Kalender Jepang]] * [[Budaya ponsel Jepang]] * [[Militer Jepang]] * [[Transportasi ing Jepang]] * [[Pratélan masakan Jepang]] * [[Pratélan nagara]] * [[Ninja]] * [[Samurai]] * [[Wakizashi]] * [[Pratélan tembung serapan saka basa Jepang ing basa Indonésia]] == Pranala njaba == === Resmi === * [http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/index-e.html Kantei.go.jp]-Situs resmi kantor nayakotama lan kabinèt * [http://www.sangiin.go.jp/eng/index.htm Sangi-in.go.jp]-Situs resmi Badan Penasehat * [http://www.shugiin.go.jp/index.nsf/html/index_e.htm Shugi-in.go.jp]-Situs resmi Dewan Perwakilan * [http://www.courts.go.jp/english/ehome.htm Courts.go.jp]-Situs resmi Mahkamah Agung Jepang * [http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/eindex.html Kunaicho.go.jp]-Situs resmi kulawarga Kakaisaran * [http://www.id.emb-japan.go.jp/expljp.html Informasi ngenani Jepang ing situs web resmi Kadutaan Besar Jepang ing Indonésia] === Liyané === {{Commons|Category:Japan}} {{wikivoyage|Japan}} * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ja.html CIA World Factbook - Japan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040906074816/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ja.html |date=2004-09-06 }} * [http://www.japan-travel-guide.de/ Jepang - Nihon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603201442/http://www.japan-travel-guide.de/ |date=2013-06-03 }} {{Asia Wétan}} {{Asia}} [[Kategori:Jepang| ]] [[Kategori:Kakaisaran]] e5ywpdo46x9j7iclz0082dvom01hxij Maasbree 0 24871 1760251 1720635 2026-11-06T09:44:23Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760251 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300px" align="right" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<span style="font-size:large;">'''Gemeente Maasbree'''</span> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {| |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Gambar:Flag of Maasbree.svg|132px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Gambar:Coat of arms of Maasbree.png|110px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|<small>Gendéra {{PAGENAME}}</small> |align="center" width="140px"|<small>Lambang {{PAGENAME}}</small> |} |- |align=center colspan=2| <br />[[Gambar:LocatieMaasbree.png|240px]]<br /><br /><div class="center">Maasbree ing Walanda</div><br /> |- ! colspan="2" | Katrangan cekak |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Provinsi ing Walanda|Provinsi]]: || [[Provinsi Limburg, Walanda|Limburg]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Jembar: || 49,93 [[kilometer persegi|km²]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Pedunung]]: || 12.944 jiwa <small>(1 Fèbruari 2008)</small> |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Situs wèb resmi: || https://web.archive.org/web/20030325121530/http://maasbree.nl/ |- ! colspan="2" | Pulitik |- style="background: #ffffff;" | ''Burgemeester'' (Walikutha): || Gerard Rabelink |} '''Maasbree''' iku sawijining ''[[gemeente]]'' ing [[provinsi]] [[Limburg, Walanda|Limburg]] ing [[Walanda]]. ''Gemeente'' iki sing ndunungi ana 12.944 jiwa (1 Fèbruari 2008) lan ambané ana 49,93&nbsp;km². {{GemeentenNL-Limburg}} [[Kategori:Gemeente ing Walanda]] fx9f8en68hbo27abg10z3gl4at9488y Edwin van der Sar 0 25368 1759927 1730163 2026-11-05T16:04:50Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |fullname = Édwin van der Sar |image = [[Gambar:Edwin van der Sar 2015.jpg|250px|Édwin Van der Sar]] |dateofbirth = {{Tanggal lair dan umur|1970|10|29|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Edwin Van der Sar ESPN|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/8884/edwin-van-der-sar?cc=5901|work=Soccernet.espn.go.com|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=29 April 2011|accessdate=29 April 2011|archive-date=25 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025095426/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/8884/edwin-van-der-sar?cc=5901|url-status=dead}}</ref> |fullname = Édwin van der Sar |nickname = The Jolly Green Giant |cityofbirth = [[Voorhout]], [[Holland Kidul]] |countryofbirth = [[Nèderlan]]<ref name="mupinfo">{{cite web|title=Edwin van der Sar Manchester United|url=http://www.manutd.com/en/Players-And-Staff/First-Team/Edwin-Van-der-Sar.aspx|work=ManUtd.com|publisher=Manchester United|date=29 April 2011|accessdate=29 April 2011}}</ref> |height = {{height|m=2.00}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Edwin Van der Sar BBC Sport|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/shared/bsp/hi/football/statistics/players/v/van_der_sar_15350.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=29 April 2011|accessdate=29 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Edwin Van der Sar Sky Sports|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/player/0,19754,11667_15350,00.html|work=SkySports.com|publisher=Sky Sports|date=3 February 2011|accessdate=29 April 2011}}</ref> |position = [[Kiper]] |currentclub = [[Pensiun]] |clubnumber = 1 |youthyears = 1980–1985 <br /> 1985–1990 |youthclubs = Foreholte<ref name="idol">{{cite web|title=Profile Sport idol Edwin van der Star|url=http://sportidol.blogspot.com/2008/12/profile-sport-idol-edwin-van-der-sar.html|work=SportIdol.blogspot|publisher=Sport Idol|accessdate=29 April 2011|archive-date=8 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708063852/http://sportidol.blogspot.com/2008/12/profile-sport-idol-edwin-van-der-sar.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br /> [[VV Noordwijk]]<ref name="idol"/> |years = 1990–1999 <br /> 1999–2001 <br /> 2001–2005 <br /> 2005–2011 |clubs = [[Ajax Amsterdam]] <br /> [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] <br /> [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] <br /> [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |caps(goals) = 226 (1) <br /> 66 (0) <br /> 127 (0) <br /> 177 (0) |nationalyears = 1995–2008 |nationalteam = {{Fb|Nèderlan}} |nationalcaps(goals) = 130 (0) |pcupdate = 29 April 2011, 12.08 [[Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi|UTC]] }} '''Édwin van der Sar''' lair [[Voorhout]], [[Holland Kidul]], [[Walanda]] [[29 Oktober]] [[1970]] punika juru main bal ''profésional'' saking Walanda, minangka [[kiper]].<ref name="internet3"/> Piyambakipun punika kaptèn ing tim nasional Walanda. Piyambakipun sapunika main wonten ing [[Manchéster United F.C.|Manchéster United]] ing [[Liga Inggris]].<ref name="internet3"/> == Karier klub == === Wiwitane === Van der Sar miwiti karieripun minangka juru main bal saking tim [[Foreholte]] lan [[VV Noordwijk]], banjur piyambakipun kepincut kaliyan tim [[Ajax Amsterdam]].<ref name="internet4">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/9377719.stm Man Utd Edwin van der Sar pensiun pada akhir musim](dipunundhuh tanggal 1 Mèi 2011)</ref> Bibar main wonten tim ''junior'' [[Ajax Amsterdam]], piyambakipun ndhèrèk tim ''senior'' saha mbekta [[Ajax Amsterdam]] dados juara [[Piala UEFA 1991-92|1991-92]] kaliyan [[Liga Champions UEFA 1994-95|Liga Champions UEFA 1995]].<ref name="internet2"/> Piyambakipun pikantuk kanugrahan dados juru main kang paling apik ing [[Éropah]] lan dados [[Kiper Terbaik Éropah]] ing [[taun]] [[1995]].<ref name="internet2"/> Piyambakipun main ing [[Ajax Amsterdam]] kaping 226.<ref name="internet2"/> Piyambakipun main kaping 66 kaliyan [[Juventus F.C.]], nanging piyambakipun kalah saing kaliyan [[Gianluigi Buffon]].<ref name="internet2">[http://en.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/players/player=14622/index.html title=Player profiles: Edwin van der Sar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212063334/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/index.html |date=2012-02-12 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 29 April 2011)</ref> == Statistik Karier == * Préstasinipun Édwin van der Sar:<ref name="internet3">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/football/edwin-vandersar.html Édwin van der Sar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203034051/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/football/edwin-vandersar.html |date=2012-02-03 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 1 Mèi 2011)</ref> # 1993 Walanda Piala Winner (Ajax) # 1994 Dutch Eredivisie Winner (Ajax) 1994 Walanda Jawara Eredivisie (Ajax) # 1995 Dutch Eredivisie Winner (Ajax) 1995 Walanda Jawara Eredivisie (Ajax) # 1995 Champions League Winner (Ajax) Juara Liga Champions 1995 (Ajax) # 1995 World Club Cup Winner (Ajax) 1995 World Cup Winner Club (Ajax) # 1995 European Super Cup Winner (Ajax) 1995 Juara Piala Super Éropah (Ajax) # 1996 Dutch Eredivisie Winner (Ajax) 1996 Walanda Jawara Eredivisie (Ajax) # 1998 Dutch Eredivisie Winner (Ajax) 1998 Walanda Jawara Eredivisie (Ajax) # 1998 Netherlands Cup Winner (Ajax) 1998 Walanda Jawara Winner (Ajax) # 1999 Netherlands Cup Winner (Ajax) 1999 Walanda Jawara Winner (Ajax) # 2006 League Cup Winner (Manchéster United) 2006 Jawara Piala Liga (Manchéster United) # 2007 Premier League Winner (Manchéster United) 2007 Jawara Liga Premier (Manchéster United) # 2007 FA Cup Runner-up (Manchéster United) 2007 FA Cup Runner-up (Manchéster United) # 2008:: Premier League Winner (Manchéster United) 2008:: Pemenang Liga Premier (Manchéster United) # 2008:: European Super Cup Runner-up (Manchéster United) 2008:: Super up Piala Éropah Runner-(Manchéster United) # 2008:: Champions League Winner (Manchéster United) 2008:: Pemenang Liga Champions (Manchéster United) # 2008:: Vainqueur du Mondial des Clubs (Manchéster United) 2008:: Vainqueur du Mondial des Clubs (Manchéster United) # 2009 Premier League Winner (Manchéster United) 2009 Juara Liga Premier (Manchéster United) # 2009 Champions League Runner-up (Manchéster United) Liga Champions 2009 Runner-up (Manchéster United) # 2010:: Community Shield Winner (Manchéster United) 2010:: Community Shield dados pemenangipun (Manchéster United) * Klub {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !rowspan="2"|Klub !rowspan="2"|Musimipun !colspan="2"|Liga !colspan="2"|Cup !colspan="2"|League Cup !colspan="2"|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]] !colspan="2"|Sanèsipun<ref>Includes other competitive competitions, including the [[Johan Cruijff Shield]], [[FA Community Shield]], [[UEFA Super Cup]], [[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]], [[FIFA Club World Cup]]</ref> !colspan="2"|Cacahipun |- !Apps!!Gol!!Apps!!Gol!!Apps!!Gol!!Apps!!Gol!!Apps!!Gol!!Apps!!Gol |- |rowspan="10" valign="center"|[[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] |[[Eredivisie 1990-91|1990–91]] |9||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||0||0||0||0||9||0 |- |[[Eredivisie 1991-92|1991–92]] |0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||0||0||0||0||0||0 |- |[[Eredivisie 1992-93|1992–93]] |19||0||3||0||colspan="2"|–||3||0||0||0||25||0 |- |[[Eredivisie 1993-94|1993–94]] |32||0||4||0||colspan="2"|–||6||0||1||0||43||0 |- |[[Eredivisie 1994-95|1994–95]] |33||0||3||0||colspan="2"|–||11||0||1||0||48||0 |- |[[Eredivisie 1995-96|1995–96]] |33||0||2||0||colspan="2"|–||11||0||4||0||50||0 |- |[[Eredivisie 1996-97|1996–97]] |33||0||1||0||colspan="2"|–||10||0||1||0||45||0 |- |[[Eredivisie 1997-98|1997–98]] |33||1||5||0||colspan="2"|–||8||0||0||0||46||1 |- |[[Eredivisie 1998-99|1998–99]] |34||0||5||0||colspan="2"|–||6||0||1||0||46||0 |- !Total !226!!1!!23!!0!!colspan="2"|–!!55!!0!!8!!0!!312!!1 |- |rowspan="3"|[[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] |[[Serie A 1999-00|1999–2000]] |32||0||3||0||colspan="2"|–||11||0||0||0||46||0 |- |[[Serie A 2000-01|2000–01]] |34||0||2||0||colspan="2"|–||6||0||0||0||42||0 |- !Total !66!!0!!5!!0!!colspan="2"|–!!17!!0!!0!!0!!88!!0 |- |rowspan="5" valign="center"|[[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] |[[2001–02 FA Premier League|2001–02]] |37||0||4||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||41||0 |- |[[2002–03 FA Premier League|2002–03]] |19||0||0||0||0||0||11||0||0||0||30||0 |- |[[2003–04 FA Premier League|2003–04]] |37||0||6||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||43||0 |- |[[2004–05 FA Premier League|2004–05]] |34||0||5||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||40||0 |- !Total !127!!0!!15!!0!!1!!0!!11!!0!!0!!0!!154!!0 |- |rowspan="7" valign="center"|[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |[[2005–06 FA Premier League|2005–06]] |38||0||2||0||3||0||8||0||0||0||51||0 |- |[[2006–07 FA Premier League|2006–07]] |32||0||3||0||0||0||12||0||0||0||47||0 |- |[[2007–08 Premier League|2007–08]] |29||0||4||0||0||0||10||0||1||0||44||0 |- |[[2008–09 Premier League|2008–09]] |33||0||2||0||0||0||10||0||4||0||49||0 |- |[[2009–10 Premier League|2009–10]] |21||0||0||0||2||0||6||0||0||0||29||0 |- |[[2010–11 Premier League|2010–11]] |30||0||2||0||0||0||8||0||1||0||41||0 |- !Total !183!!0!!13!!0!!5!!0!!54!!0!!6!!0!!261!!0 |- !colspan="2"|Cacahipun Karier !602!!1!!56!!0!!6!!0!!137!!0!!14!!0!!815!!1 |} ''Statistik punika ngantos dumugi tanggal 29 April 2011<ref name="internet1">[http://www.stretfordend.co.uk/playermenu/vandersar.html Van der Sar](dipunundhuh tanggal 29 April 2011)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid={FE60904B-C2A8-4E60-9B05-700DBBC29BBC}&section=playerProfile&teamid=458&bioid=91951 Profil ing situs resmi Manchéster United] {{wikiquote}} * [http://www.icons.com/vandersar/home.html Situs web resmi Édwin van der Sar di Icons.com] * [http://www.footballdatabase.com/site/players/index.php?dumpPlayer=659 Profil lan statistik karier] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sar, Edwin van der}} [[Kategori:Lair 1970]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan Walanda]] [[Kategori:Pamain Manchester United]] [[Kategori:Pamain Manchester United FC]] [[Kategori:Pamain Juventus FC]] fg3lrwazhpvq5xre7qcn4s4ogkyr978 Liliyana Natsir 0 25618 1760240 1645707 2026-11-06T08:58:34Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox badminton player | name = Liliyana Natsir | image = Yonex IFB 2013 - Quarterfinal - Tontowi Ahmad - Liliyana Natsir vs Chris Adcock - Gabrielle White 26.jpg | size = 260px | caption = Liliyana Natsir ing French Open Superseries taun 2013 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1985|9|9}} | birth_place = [[Manado]], [[Indonésia]] | height = 1,68 m | weight = 59 kg | event = Rangkep campuran | years_active = 2001–saiki | highest_ranking = 1 | highest_ranking_date = 2 Sèptembèr 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bwfbadminton.org/file_download.aspx?id=23279 |title=BWF Historical Ranking – Mixed Doubles |access-date=2017-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105143827/http://www.bwfbadminton.org/file_download.aspx?id=23279 |archive-date=2022-11-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | current_ranking = 2 (karo Tontowi Ahmad) | current_ranking_date = 12 Dhésèmber 2016<ref>[http://bwfbadminton.com/rankings/2/bwf-world-rankings/10/mixed-doubles/2016/47/?rows=25&page_no=1 BWF World Rankings Mixed Doubles]</ref> | country = {{INA}} | coach = Richard Mainaky | handedness = Tengen | bwf_id = A7355D9C-1D9A-4300-A939-BE6D9DD4F00A }} '''Liliyana Natsir''' (lair ing [[Manado]], [[Sulawesi Lor]], [[9 Sèptèmber]] [[1985]]) iku juru main [[badminton]] rangkep campuran asal [[Indonésia]] sing pasangan karo [[Nova Widianto]]. Kajaba iku, dhèwèké uga lumebu ing tim putri sapasang karo [[Vita Marissa]]. Liliyana asalé saka klub Tangkas Bogasari Jakarta. Sawenèh pangalamané kaya ta tandhing ngrebut Bèker Uber ([[2004]], [[2008]], lan [[2010]]) sarta Bèker Sudirman ([[2003]], [[2005]], [[2007]], [[2009]], [[2011]], [[2013]], lan [[2015]]), menang medhali pérak ing Gim Olympiadé Beijing 2008 nomer rangkep campuran pasangan karo Nova Widianto, sarta menang medhali emas ing Gim Olympiadé Rio de Janeiro 2016 nomer rangkep campuran pasangan karo [[Tontowi Ahmad]].<ref name="thejakartapost.com_Mixeddoublesduo">{{Cite web |title=Mixed doubles duo Tontowi/Liliyana secure final berth at Rio Olympics |trans-title= |last=Post |first=The Jakarta |work=The Jakarta Post |date= |accessdate=2016-08-18 |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/08/16/mixed-doubles-duo-tontowililiyana-secure-final-berth-at-rio-olympics.html |language=Inggris |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com_Rio2016:MixedDo">{{Cite web |title=Rio 2016: Mixed Doubles Tontowi and Liliyana Present Gold on Independence Day |trans-title= |author= |work=Jakarta Globe |date= |accessdate=2016-08-18 |url=http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/sports/badminton-mixed-double-presents-gold-indonesias-independence-day/ |language=Inggris |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821073338/http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/sports/badminton-mixed-double-presents-gold-indonesias-independence-day }}</ref><ref name="jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com_Indonesia'sTopS">{{Cite web |title=Indonesia's Top Shuttler Liliyana Natsir Aims at Olympic Gold |trans-title= |author= |work=Jakarta Globe |date= |accessdate=2016-08-18 |url=http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/sports/indonesias-top-shuttler-liliyana-natsir-aims-olympic-gold/ |language=Inggris |url-status=live }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <!-- == Préstasi == * Juwara Donya 2005, 2007 * Medhali Emas SEA Games 2005, 2007 * Juwara Asia 2006 * ''Runner-up'' [[All England]] 2008 * ''Runner-up'' Kajuwaraan Asia [[2008]] * Medhali Emas Olimpiade 2016 in Rio de Janeiro karo [[Tantowi Ahmad]] (ganda campuran) --> == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category}} * [http://www.bulutangkis.com/mod.php?mod=userpage&menu=2303&page_id=84&PHPSESSID=095457dfa5d3e9cb053039921206f271 Profil Tim Uber Cup Indonésia] [[Kategori:Lair 1985]] [[Kategori:Pamain badminton Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tionghoa-Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Pamain olimpiade badminton saka Indonésia]] {{indo-bio-stub}} 8wbydp940ckyhazdqz50kr54e4012py Hak manungsa 0 26532 1760011 1758241 2026-11-05T21:01:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760011 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hak manungsa''' utawa '''asasi manungsa''' (dicekak '''HAM''') iku hak-hak sing wis didarbèni [[manungsa]] wiwit lair lan minangka pawèwèh saka [[Pangèran]]. Dhasar-dhasar HAM kapacak sajeroning dhéklarasi kamardikan [[Amérika Sarékat]] (''[[Declaration of Independence of USA]]'') lan kapacak ing [[UUD'45|UUD 1945]] Républik Indonésia, ya iku ing [[Tèks UUD 1945#BAB X-WARGA NEGARA|pasal 27 ayat 1]], [[Teks UUD 1945#BAB X-WARGA NEGARA|pasal 28]], [[Teks UUD 1945#BAB XI-AGAMA|pasal 29 ayat 2]], [[Teks UUD 1945#BAB XII-PERTAHANAN NEGARA|pasal 30 ayat 1]], lan [[Teks UUD 1945#BAB XIII-PENDIDIKAN|pasal 31 ayat 1]] Conto hak asasi manungsa (HAM): * Hak kanggo urip. * Hak kanggo nampa pendidikan. * Hak kanggo urip bebarengan kaya wong liya. * Hak kanggo nampa ''perlakuan'' sing padha. * Hak kanggo ngéntukaké pagawéan. == Pranala njaba == === Informasi === * [http://www.ihrc.org/ IHRC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914132445/http://www.ihrc.org/ |date=2008-09-14 }} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Human_Rights_Commission The Islamic Human Rights Commission] is an independent, not-for-profit, campaign, research and advocacy organization based in London, UK * [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/hr/c1470.htm Country reports on human rights] from the U.S. Department of State * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070806114911/http://www.unholywars.org/category/human-rights/ Human Rights Blog] Blog maintained by a senior journalist. * [http://www.ngochr.org/custom/index.php ngoCHR.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060404094927/http://www.ngochr.org/custom/index.php |date=2006-04-04 }} – Volunteer reporting on the United Nations Commission on Human Rights * [http://pages.globetrotter.net/pcbcr/dr1789.html human rights history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509095554/http://pages.globetrotter.net/pcbcr/dr1789.html |date=2008-05-09 }} * [http://www.justice.gouv.fr/textfond/ddhc.htm Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321025304/http://www.justice.gouv.fr/textfond/ddhc.htm |date=2007-03-21 }} * [http://www.betterworldlinks.org/menschenrechte.htm Better World Links on Human Rights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202101713/http://betterworldlinks.org/menschenrechte.htm |date=2007-02-02 }} * [http://www.le.ac.uk/library/hmb11/law/humanr.html University of Leicester, UK, list of sources and links.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503125145/http://www.le.ac.uk/library/hmb11/law/humanr.html |date=2006-05-03 }} * [http://www.tamilnation.org/humanrights.htm Introduction to Human Rights & Humanitarian Law] {{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://hropunika.info/?l=en Human Rights in Russia]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.detroitfocus.org/Issues/0410/CryForCompassion/index.html Photojournalist's approach to human rights in Sudan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331030133/http://www.detroitfocus.org/Issues/0410/CryForCompassion/index.html |date=2022-03-31 }} * [http://www.liberalislam.net/adam.html A Muslim approach to human rights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212233009/http://www.liberalislam.net/adam.html |date=2014-02-12 }} from LiberalIslam.net * [http://www.missionandjustice.org Mission and Justice] – Human Rights, Justice and Peace news from the Asia Pacific region. * [http://www.tamilnation.org/humanrights/tamil.htm Sri Lanka – Human Rights of the Tamil People] {{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.childrensrights.ie/convention.php Children's Rights Alliance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127035646/http://www.childrensrights.ie/convention.php |date=2008-01-27 }} * [http://www.languages-on-the-web.com/onu/hr-ing-fra.htm French human rights] * [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rights-human/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry] * [http://www.aasgaard.com/home/publications/thesis/inquiry-into-basic-rights.html Inquiry Into Basic Rights: Advancing Rights in the Theories of Lomasky, Shue and Gewirth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227201358/http://www.aasgaard.com/home/publications/thesis/inquiry-into-basic-rights.html |date=2008-02-27 }}-foundations and derivations of basic rights; justifications for going beyond basic rights === Organisasi hak asasi manungsa === * [http://www.betterworldlinks.org/index.php?cat=1312 Better World Links on Human Rights Organizations] * [http://www.amnesty.org Amnesty International] * [http://www.antislavery.org Anti Slavery] * [http://www.article19.org ARTICLE 19] * [http://www.justicefortheworld.org Justice For The World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105161040/http://justicefortheworld.org/ |date=2009-01-05 }} * [http://www.freedomhouse.org Freedom House] * [http://www.globalrights.org Global Rights: Partners for Justice] * [http://www.ihf-hr.org International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights] * [http://www.forum18.org Forum 18 News Service] pelayanan berita kebebasan beragama * [http://www.cchr.com Citizens Commission on Human Rights]-didirikan olèh Gréja [[Scientology]] yang kontroversial * [http://www.memo.ru/eng/ Memorial] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210065801/http://memo.ru/eng/ |date=2015-12-10 }} * [http://www.cartercenter.org The Carter Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060916211729/http://www.cartercenter.org/ |date=2006-09-16 }} * [http://www.hrw.org Human Rights Watch] * [http://www.ohchr.org UN High Commissioner for Human Rights] * [http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts University of Minnesota Human Rights Library] * [http://www.ifex.org International Freedom of Expression eXchange] * [http://www.hrc.org Human Rights Campaign] * [http://www.splcenter.org Southern Poverty Law Center] * [http://www.tolerance.org Tolerance] * [http://www.montagnard-foundation.org/homepage.html Yayasan Montagnard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050207183336/http://www.montagnard-foundation.org/homepage.html |date=2005-02-07 }} * [http://www.olympicwatch.org/ Olympic Watch: Hak Asasi Manusia di Tiongkok dan Beijing 2008] * [http://www.aprodeh.org.pe APRODEH] (Péru) * [http://www.imparsial.org] (Indonésia) [[Kategori:Hak manungsa]] [[Kategori:Hubungan internasional]] {{stub}} j558rjvtvo6zmewsu2ykgoxytij5qp6 IPhone 0 27454 1760034 1750577 2026-11-05T22:12:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|IPhone|ꦍꦦꦺꦴꦤ꧀}} {{lowercase}} {{Infobox information appliance|name=iPhone|logo=|image=IPhone XS Gold.svg|image_size=145px|caption=[[iPhone XS]]|developer=[[Apple Inc.]]}} '''iPhone''' iku sawijining ''smartphone'' ("tilpun pinter") utawa tilpun genggam multimédia gawéané Apple. iPhone ora nduwé kibor fisik lan namung nduwé kibor virtual sing muncul ing "kelir demok" (''touch screen''). Piranti iki duwé fungsi kodhak lan juru main média (mèmper [[iPod]]). iPhone kapisan diumumaké ing tanggal [[9 Januari]] [[2007]] lan dirilis ing [[Amérika Sarékat]] tanggal [[29 Juni]] [[2007]]. Nganti sepréné iPhone isih kudu dibabar ing donya sajabané AS. == Katoh iPhone == <gallery> Gambar:Apple iPhone 2G 8GB.jpg|iPhone 2G Gambar:IPhone 3G.png|iPhone 3G Gambar:IPhone-3GS.png||iPhone 3GS Gambar:IPhone 4 Mock No Shadow PSD.png||iPhone 4 Gambar:IPhone 4S No shadow.png|iPhone 4s Gambar:IPhone 5.png|iPhone 5 Gambar:IPhone 5s.png|iPhone 5s Gambar:IPhone 5C (blue).svg|iPhone 5c Gambar:IPhone6 silver frontface.png|iPhone 6 Gambar:IPhone 6s vector.svg|iPhone 6s Gambar:IPhone SE (1st generation) rose gold.svg|iPhone SE (generasi 1) Gambar:IPhone 7 Jet Black.svg|iPhone 7 Gambar:IPhone 8.png|iPhone 8 Gambar:IPhone X vector.svg|iPhone X Gambar:IPhone XS Gold.svg|iPhone Xs Gambar:IPhone XR Blue.svg|iPhone Xr Gambar:IPhone 11 Green.svg|iPhone 11 Gambar:IPhone SE (2nd generation) white vector.svg|iPhone SE (generasi 2) Gambar:Iphone-12-product--red.png|iPhone 12 Gambar:IPhone 13 vector.svg|iPhone 13 </gallery> == Spesifikasi == {{Update|Pérangan saka halaman kanthi topik telekomunikasi}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !style="background:#silver;width:12%;"|Model !style="background:#ffdead;width:22%;"|[[iPhone (original)|iPhone 2G]] !style="background:#ffdead;width:22%;"|[[iPhone 3G]] ! style="background:#3d4; width:22%;"|[[iPhone 3GS]] ! style="background:#3d4; width:22%;"|[[iPhone 4]] |- |-<!-- Pending sources and notability; please do not uncomment without citation: !Nomor Model |4 GB (MA501*/A), 8 GB (MA712*/A), 16 GB (MB384*/A) |8 GB/Black (MB489*/A), 16 GB/Black (MA496*/A), 16 GB/White (MB500*/A) |16 GB/Black (MC131*/A), 16 GB/White (MC132*/A), 32 GB/Black (MC133*/A), 32 GB/White (MC134*/A) |32 GB/Black (MD532*/A), 32 GB/White (MD532*/A), 64 GB/Black (MD532*/A), 64 GB/White (MD532*/A) |- !Indentitas Model |iPhone1,1 |iPhone1,2 |iPhone2,1 |iPhone3,1--> !Initial [[operating system]]<!--Use iPhone OS for 1, 2, 3 and iOS for 4--> |[[iOS (Apple)|iOS]] 1.0 |iOS 2.0 |iOS 3.0 |[[iOS (Apple)|iOS]] 4.0 ([[GSM]] version)<br />iOS 4.2.5 ([[Code division multiple access|CDMA]] version) |- !Sistem operasi tertinggi [[Sistem operasi]] |iOS 3.1.3 |iOS 4.2.1 |iOS 4.3.3<br />iOS 5.0 (versi Beta) |iOS 4.3.3 (versi [[GSM]])<br />iOS 10.1(versi [[Code division multiple access|CDMA]])<br />iOS 5.0 (versi Beta) |- ![[Layar perangkat|Layar]] |colspan=2|3.5 [[Inch|in]] (89 [[Millimetre|mm]]), 3:2 aspect ratio, scratch-resistant<ref name=jun18PressRelease>{{cite press release|publisher=[[Apple Inc.]]|date=June 18, 2007|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2007/06/18iphone.html|title=iPhone Delivers Up to Eight Hours of Talk Time}}</ref> glossy glass covered screen, 262,144-color [[LCD]], 480 × 320 [[Pixel|px]] ([[HVGA]]) at 163 [[pixels per inch|ppi]] |In addition to previous, features a fingerprint-resistant [[Lipophobicity|oleophobic]] coating<ref>{{cite web|first=Eric |last=Slivka |url=http://www.macrumors.com/2009/06/10/more-wwdc-tidbits-iphone-3g-s-oleophobic-screen-find-my-iphone-live/ |title=More WWDC Tidbits: iPhone 3G S Oleophobic Screen, "Find My iPhone" Live |publisher=Mac Rumors |date=2009-06-10 |accessdate=2009-07-03}}</ref> |3.5 [[Inch|in]] (89 [[Millimetre|mm]]), 3:2 aspect ratio, [[aluminosilicate]] glass covered [[TFT LCD#In-plane switching (IPS)|IPS]] [[LCD]] screen, 960 × 640 [[Pixel|px]] at 326 [[pixels per inch|ppi]], 800:1 contrast ratio, all screen layers (protective glass, touch sensor, display) glued together for strength and to fight parasitic refraction |- ![[Kapasitas Memori|Kapasitas]] |4, 8 and 16 [[Gigabyte|GB]] |8 and 16 GB |8, 16 and 32 GB |8 GB |- ![[Central processing unit|Prosesor]] |colspan=2|620&nbsp;[[Hertz|MHz]] ([[underclocking|underclocked]] to 412&nbsp;MHz) [[Samsung]] [[32-bit]] [[Reduced instruction set computer|RISC]] [[ARM architecture|ARM]] {{nowrap|1176JZ(F)-S}} v1.0<ref name="Processor">{{cite web|url=http://toucharcade.com/2008/07/07/under-the-hood-the-iphones-gaming-mettle/|title=Under the Hood: The iPhone’s Gaming Mettle|last=Patterson|first=Blake|date=2008-07-07|publisher=touchArcade|accessdate=2009-03-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roughlydrafted.com/2008/03/20/iphone-20-sdk-video-games-to-rival-nintendo-ds-sony-psp/|title=iPhone 2.0 SDK: Video UGames to Rival Nintendo DS, Sony PSP|last=Dilger|first=Daniel Eran|date=2008-03-20|publisher=RoughlyDrafted Magazine|accessdate=2009-05-12|archive-date=2012-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712091806/http://www.roughlydrafted.com/2008/03/20/iphone-20-sdk-video-games-to-rival-nintendo-ds-sony-psp/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |833&nbsp;MHz ([[underclocking|underclocked]] to 600&nbsp;MHz) [[ARM architecture|{{nowrap|ARM Cortex-A8}}]]<ref name="3G_S_Processor"/><ref name="3G_S_Processor2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2009/06/t-mobile-accidentally-posts-secret-iphone-3g-s-specs/|title=Gadget Lab Hardware News and Reviews T-Mobile Accidentally Posts Secret iPhone 3G S Specs|last=Sorrel|first=Charlie|date=2009-06-10|publisher=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired.com]]|accessdate=2009-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090613001825/http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2009/06/t-mobile-accidentally-posts-secret-iphone-3g-s-specs/|archive-date=2009-06-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br /> Samsung S5PC100<ref name="3G_S_Processor" /><ref>{{cite web |title=iPhone 3Gs&nbsp;– Teardown and Analysis |publisher=phoneWreck |date=June 19, 2009 |url=http://www.phonewreck.com/2009/06/19/iphone-3gs-teardown-and-analysis/ |accessdate=April 20, 2010}}</ref> |1&nbsp;GHz (underclocked to 800&nbsp;MHz) ARM {{nowrap|Cortex-A8}} [[Apple A4]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/iPhone-4-Teardown/3130/2 |title=iPhone 4 Teardown&nbsp;– Page 2 |publisher=iFixit |date= |accessdate=2010-06-23}}</ref> |- ![[Computer graphics|Grafik]] |colspan=2|[[PowerVR]] [[PowerVR#MBX|MBX]] Lite 3D [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]<ref name="GPU">{{cite web|url=http://www.eetimes.com/news/semi/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=200900740|title=Update: U.K. graphics specialist confirms iPhone design win|publisher=[[EE Times]]}}</ref> |colspan=2|[[PowerVR]] [[PowerVR#Series5 (SGX)|SGX535]] [[GPU]]<ref name="3G_S_Processor">{{cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/gadgets/showdoc.aspx?i=3579&p=2|title=The iPhone 3GS Hardware Exposed & Analyzed|last=Shimpi|first=Anand|date=2009-06-10|publisher=AnandTech|accessdate=2009-06-10|archive-date=2010-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308085851/http://www.anandtech.com/gadgets/showdoc.aspx?i=3579&p=2|url-status=dead}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2009/06/t-mobile-accidentally-posts-secret-iphone-3g-s-specs/|title=Gadget Lab Hardware News and Reviews T-Mobile Accidentally Posts Secret iPhone 3G S Specs|last=Sorrel|first=Charlie|date=2009-06-10|publisher=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired.com]]|accessdate=2009-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090613001825/http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2009/06/t-mobile-accidentally-posts-secret-iphone-3g-s-specs/|archive-date=2009-06-13|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="4_Processor">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Apple-A4-Teardown/2204/3|title=Apple A4 Teardown|date=2009-06-10|publisher=ifixit.com|accessdate=2010-09-09}}</ref> <!--see discussion--> |- ![[Random access memory|Memori]] |colspan=2|128&nbsp;[[megabyte|MB]] [[Dynamic random access memory|DRAM]]<ref name="DRAM">{{cite web|url=http://www.ubmtechinsights.com/reports-and-subscriptions/device-library/Device-Profile/?SINumber=18016|title=Apple (Samsung S5L8900) applications processor with eDRAM|publisher=UBM TechInsights|accessdate=2009-05-12|archive-date=2016-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710154615/http://www.ubmtechinsights.com/reports-and-subscriptions/device-library/Device-Profile/?SINumber=18016|url-status=dead}}</ref> |{{nowrap|256 MB}} DRAM<ref name="3G_S_Processor"/><ref name="3G_S_Processor2"/> |{{nowrap|512 MB}} DRAM<ref name="iPhone4-DRAM">{{cite web|url=http://www.macrumors.com/2010/06/17/iphone-4-confirmed-to-have-512mb-of-ram-twice-the-ipad-and-3gs/|title=iPhone 4 Confirmed to Have 512MB of RAM (Twice the iPad and 3GS)|publisher=MacRumors|accessdate=2010-06-17}}</ref> |- |'''Konektifitas''' |rowspan=2|[[Wi-Fi]] ([[802.11b/g]]),<br />[[Universal Serial Bus|{{nowrap|USB 2.0}}]]/[[Dock connector]],<br />[[Quad band]] [[GSM]]/[[General Packet Radio Service|GPRS]]/[[Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution|EDGE]] ([[GSM frequency ranges|850, 900, 1800, 1900&nbsp;MHz]])<br />[[Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR]] [[CSR plc|Cambridge]] Bluecore4<ref name="Bluetooth">{{cite web|url=http://www.iphonefreak.com/2007/07/iphone-componen.html|title=iPhone Components revealed|accessdate=2009-06-22|archive-date=2009-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223193135/http://www.iphonefreak.com/2007/07/iphone-componen.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |rowspan=2|In addition to previous:<br />[[Assisted GPS]],<br />[[Tri-band]] [[Universal Mobile Telecommunications System|UMTS]]/[[High-Speed Downlink Packet Access|HSDPA]] ([[UMTS frequency bands|850, 1900, 2100&nbsp;MHz]])<ref name=3G_tech_specs>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/iphone/specs-3g.html|title=Apple &nbsp;— iPhone &nbsp;— Technical Specifications|publisher=[[Apple Inc.]]|accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref>,<br />Includes [[IPod earbuds|earphones with mic]] |rowspan=2|In addition to previous:<br />7.2&nbsp;[[Megabit|Mbit/s]] [[High-Speed Downlink Packet Access|HSDPA]],<br />Voice Control, [[Digital compass]], [[Nike+]],<br />[[Bluetooth#Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR|Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR]] [[Broadcom]] 4325<ref name="3G_S_Bluetooth">{{cite web|url=http://www.phonewreck.com/2009/06/19/iphone-3gs-teardown-and-analysis/|title=iPhone 3Gs Teardown and Analysis|publisher=phonewreck|accessdate=2009-06-22}}</ref>,<br />Includes [[IPod earbuds|earphones with remote and mic]] |In addition to previous:<br />Penta-band [[Universal Mobile Telecommunications System|UMTS]]/[[High-Speed Downlink Packet Access|HSDPA]] ([[UMTS frequency bands|800, 850, 900, 1900, 2100&nbsp;MHz]])<ref name=4_tech_specs>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/iphone/specs.html|title=Apple &nbsp;— iPhone &nbsp;— Technical Specifications|publisher=[[Apple Inc.]]|accessdate=2010-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.engadget.com/2010/06/07/iphone-4-hits-fcc-becomes-worlds-second-announced-pentaband-3g/2 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-07-30 |archive-date=2012-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025091810/http://www.engadget.com/2010/06/07/iphone-4-hits-fcc-becomes-worlds-second-announced-pentaband-3g/2 |url-status=dead }}</ref>,<br />5.76&nbsp;[[Megabit|Mbit/s]] [[High-Speed Uplink Packet Access|HSUPA]],<br />2.4&nbsp;GHz [[802.11n]],<br />3-axis [[gyroscope]],<br />Dual-mic [[Active noise control|noise suppression]],<br />[[microSIM]] |- | CDMA: [[Multi-band|Dual-band]] [[Code division multiple access|CDMA]]/[[Evolution-Data Optimized#TIA-856 Rev. A|EV-DO Rev. A]] (800 1900 [[Hertz|MHz]]) |- !Kodhak |rowspan=2 colspan=2|2.0 [[Pixel#Megapixel|MP]] with [[geotagging]] |rowspan=2|In addition to previous, {{nowrap|3.0 MP}} with [[Video Graphics Array|VGA]] [[camcorder|video]] at 30 [[frame rate|fps]], tap to focus, and [[Autofocus|focus]], [[color balance|white balance]], [[Macro photography|macro]] focus & [[exposure (photography)|exposure]] |In addition to previous, a rear {{nowrap|5.0 MP}} [[Backside illumination|backside illuminated]] [[CMOS image sensor]] with [[720p|720p HD]] [[camcorder|video]] at 30 [[frame rate|fps]] and [[LED]] flash |- |Ngarep {{nowrap|0.3 MP}} ([[VGA]]) with geotagging, tap to focus, and [[720p|720p HD]] video at 30 fps |- !Audio codec |[[Wolfson Microelectronics]] WM8758BG<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/iPhone-1st-Generation/599/4 |title=iPhone 1st Generation Teardown&nbsp;– Page 4&nbsp;– iFixit |accessdate=2010-06-24}}</ref> |Wolfson Microelectronics WM6180C<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/iPhone-3G-Teardown/600/3 |title=iPhone 3G Teardown&nbsp;– Page 3 |publisher=iFixit |accessdate=2010-06-25}}</ref> |colspan=2|[[Cirrus Logic]] CS42L61<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.electronicproducts.com/Apple_iPhone_3GS_16GB-whatsinside_text-82.aspx |title=Apple iPhone 3GS 16GB&nbsp;– What's Inside_text |publisher=Electronic Products |accessdate=2010-06-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/iPhone-4-Teardown/3130/3 |title=iPhone 4 Teardown&nbsp;– Page 3&nbsp;– iFixit |accessdate=2010-06-24}}</ref> |- !Materials/Bahan |[[Aluminum]], glass and plastic |colspan=2|Glass and plastic; black or white (white not available for 8 GB models) |[[Aluminosilicate]] glass and [[stainless steel]]; black or white |- !Tenaga Listrik |colspan=4|Built-in non removable rechargeable [[lithium-ion polymer battery]]<ref name=iPhone_battery>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/iPhone-1st-Generation/599/2 |title=iPhone 1st Generation Teardown &nbsp;— Page 2&nbsp;– iFixit |publisher=iFixit |accessdate=2009-10-04}}</ref><ref name=3G_battery>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/iPhone-3G/600/4 |title=iPhone 3G Teardown &nbsp;— Page 4&nbsp;– iFixit |publisher=iFixit |accessdate=2009-10-04}}</ref><ref name=3GS_battery>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/iPhone-3GS/817/2 |title=iPhone 3GS Teardown &nbsp;— Page 2&nbsp;– iFixit |publisher=iFixit |accessdate=2009-10-04}}</ref> |- |3.7&nbsp;[[Volt|V]] 1400&nbsp;[[Ampere-hour|mA·h]] (5.18 [[Kilowatt hour|W·h]]) {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |{{nowrap|3.7 V}} {{nowrap|1150 mA·h}} (4.12 W·h) <ref name="3G_battery"/> |3.7 V 1219 mA·h (4.51 W·h)<ref name="3G S teardown">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/iPhone-3G-S/817/2|title=iPhone 3G S Teardown|date=2009-06-19|publisher=iFixit.com|page=2|accessdate=2009-06-19}}</ref> |{{nowrap|3.7 V}} {{nowrap|1420 mA·h}} (5.25 W·h) <ref name="iPhone 4 Teardown">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/iPhone-4-Teardown/3130/1|title=iPhone 4 Teardown|date=2010-06-23|publisher=iFixit.com|page=2|accessdate=2010-06-23}}</ref> |- !Rata-rata kanggoné batrai (hours) |''audio'': 24<br />''video'': 7 <br />''Talk over 2G'': 8<br />''Browsing internet'': 6<br />''Standby'': 250 |''audio'': 24<br />''video'': 7 <br />''Talk over 3G'': 5<br />''Browsing over 3G'': 5<br />''Browsing over Wi-Fi'': 9<br />''Standby'': 300 |''audio'': 30<br />''video'': 10<br />''Talk over 3G'': 5<br />''Browsing over 3G'': 5<br />''Browsing over Wi-Fi'': 9<br />''Standby'': 300 |''audio'': 40<br />''video'': 10<br />''Talk over 3G'': 7<br />''Browsing over 3G'': 6<br />''Browsing over Wi-Fi'': 10<br />''Standby'': 300<ref name="4_Battery_Life">{{cite web|url=http://gizmodo.com/5557101/iphone-4-the-definitive-guide|title=iPhone 4: The Definitive Guide|last=Diaz|first=Jesus|publisher=Gizmodo|accessdate=2010-06-09}}</ref> |- !Ukuran |115 × 61 × 11.6&nbsp;[[Millimetre|mm]] (4.5 × 2.4 × 0.46&nbsp;[[Inch|in]]) |colspan=2|115.5 × 62.1 × 12.3&nbsp;mm (4.5 × 2.4 × 0.48&nbsp;in) |115.2 × 58.6 × 9.3&nbsp;mm (4.5 × 2.31 × 0.37&nbsp;in) |- !Bobot |135&nbsp;[[Gram|g]] (4.8&nbsp;[[Ounce|oz]]) |{{nowrap|133 g}} (4.7&nbsp;oz) |{{nowrap|135 g}} (4.8&nbsp;oz) |{{nowrap|137 g}} (4.8&nbsp;oz) |- !Rilis |4 and 8&nbsp;[[Gigabyte|GB]]: June 29, 2007<br />16&nbsp;GB: February 5, 2008 |July 11, 2008 |16 and 32&nbsp;GB: June 19, 2009<br />Black 8&nbsp;GB: June 24, 2010 |June 24, 2010 |- !Madeg Produksi |4&nbsp;GB: September 5, 2007<br />8 and 16&nbsp;GB: July 11, 2008 |16&nbsp;GB: June 8, 2009<br />Black 8&nbsp;GB: June 4, 2010 |16 and 32&nbsp;GB: June 24, 2010<br />Black 8&nbsp;GB: In production |In production |- ![[Type Allocation Code]]s |01/124500 |01/161200, 01/181200 |01/194800 |01/233800 |} == Uga delengen == * [[iPhone Girl]] == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Apple]] [[Kategori:Tilpun]] {{Stub}} rk254tjs0qlawjyq2egjucsev9j3gm9 Istilah Internet Indonesia 0 28499 1760054 1677269 2026-11-05T23:12:48Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760054 wikitext text/x-wiki Sayuti erlangga Tetemsing disesep saka [[basa manca]] amarga majuning pariundhagi [[internet|inthernet]]. Akeh-akehing tetembungan pligi mau ya iku wiwitan saka [[basa Inggris]] Amérikah, amarga dianggep duwé tetembungan inthernet sing paling akèh. == Jarwa == Jarwa (Ind: terjemahan) tetembungan pligi inthernet lan kompyuther kerep nuwuhaké prakara kanggoné para juru basawidya amarga [[ngèlmu komputer|kompyutherwidya]] lan inthernet awujud pariundhagi (Ind: teknologi) anyar sing terus tuwuh lan nggawe tetembungan pligi anyar sing sadurungé ora naté dingreteni sajeroning [[linguistik|basawidya]]. Amarga saka iku kerep pertalan langsung sawijining istilah krasa ''aneh'' yèn diucapaké utawa ditulis. Minangka conto tetembungan ''cookie'' krasa janggal yèn dijarwakake dadi 'roti' jroning [[basa Indonésia]] utawa [[basa Jawa]]. Juru basa / juru jarwa (Ind: penerjemah) kudu ngupayakaké satya marang teges wiwitan lan ora gawé padanan tetembungan sing ora bakal dianggo déning naraguna-naraguna sing wis lumrah kanthi tetembungan ing basa wiwitane. <!-- Banyak dari istilah-istilah internet dan komputer yang memiliki sejarah panjang yang membuat makna kata sesungguhnya kabur, sebagai contoh adalah nama-nama merek terkenal yang seringkali mengambil dari kosakata basa di mana perusahaan tersebut berada. Dengan demikian, istilah-istilah yang sudah bercampur dengan kebudayaan dan sejarah suatu bangsa akan semakin sulit diterjemahkan ke dalam budaya yang sama sekali berlainan dan tidak memiliki sejarah internet dan komputer yang sama panjangnya. Sebagai contoh dalam hal ini adalah istilah ''desktop'' sama sekali tidak ada hubungannya dengan 'meja' ataupun 'permukaan' di dalam basa Indonésia. --> Perlu digatèkake yèn ora kabèh tetembungan pligi sajeroning artikel iki minangka tetembungan pligi resmi kaya sing ditetepaké dening pamaréntah [[Indonésia]]. == IetembungansPligi Inthernetternet == * ''attachment'' = [[Lampiran surat elektronik|lampiran]] * ''bandwidth'' = jembar pita * ''broadband'' = [[pita jembar]], jalur jembar * ''browser'' = peramban, [[panjelajah]] * ''bulletin board'' = [[papan buletin]] * ''chat'' = obrol, obrolan, rumpi * ''crash'' = tabrakan (biyasa kanggo perangkat alus/kasar sing kena masalah) * ''collission'' = tabrakan data * ''connection'' = [[sambungan]] * ''copy'' = salin, kopi * ''cut'' = potong * ''cyberspace'' = donya [[maya]] * ''database'' = pangkalan dhata, basis dhata * ''delete/del'' = busak * ''domain'' = ranah * ''download'' = jupuk data, undhuh, amot mudhun * ''edit'' = sunting, owah * ''e-mail'' = imel, ratel / surel ([[surat elektronik]]), posel (pos elektronik), surat-e * ''forward/fwd'' (e-mail) = terusan * ''homepage'' = laman * ''hosting'' = [[hosting]] * ''interferensi'' = gangguan sinyal (magepokan karo signal wireless) * ''install'' = [[instalasi]] * ''interface'' = antarmuka (silih sambung??) * ''keyword'' = tembung kunci * ''lag'' = alon * ''link'' = taut, kait, pautan, [[pranala]] * ''load'' = amot * ''login / log in / log on / logon'' = log lumebu, lumebu log * ''logout / log out / log off / logoff'' = log metu, metu log * ''network'' = jaringan * ''newsgroup'' = kelompok warta, kelompok dhiskusi * ''mailing list'' = milis, senarai, forum ratel * ''network'' = jaringan * ''networking'' = jejaring * ''off line'' = ora kahubung, kapedhot * ''online / on line'' = kahubung, kasambung * ''password'' = tembung sandi, tembung kunci * ''paste'' = tèmpèl * ''preview'' = pratonton, pratilik, pratayang * ''(internet service) provider'' = [[Panyadiya Jasa Internet|panyadiya jasa internet]] * ''save'' = simpen * ''scan'' = pindhai * ''server'' = peladèn * ''sign in / signin / sign on'' = deleng ''login'' * ''sign out / sign off'' = deleng ''logout'' * ''surfing'' = selancar, selancar maya * ''update'' = pamutakhiran * ''upload'' = unggah, ngamot munggah * ''username'' = jeneng naraguna * ''virtual reality'' = realitas maya * ''webpage'' = kaca web * ''website'' = situs web * ''wireless'' = nirkabel <!-- == Istilah liya == * ''japri'' (''jalur pribadi'') biasanya istilah ini muncul di forum umum seperti milis atau web forum, kata japri digunakan oleh seseorang yang menghendaki komunikasi dilaksakanan melalui jalur pribadi, biasanya mengacu pada media email. * ''jalum'' (''jalur umum'') * ''jambat'' (''jalur lambat'') * ''jamban'' (''jalur lamban'') * ''jambat'' dapat dimengerti sebagai "tarik". --> == Pranala njaba == {{wikisource|Panduan Pembakuan Istilah, Pelaksanaan Instruksi Présidhèn Nomor 2 Tahun 2001 Tentang Penggunaan Komputer Dengan Aplikasi Komputer Berbasa Indonésia}} * [http://dhani.singcat.com/internet/dict.php Kamus istilah internet dalam basa Indonésia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912022605/http://dhani.singcat.com/internet/dict.php |date=2008-09-12 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200302070206/https://www.total.or.id/ Kamus komputer dan istilah tèknologi informasi] * [http://direktif.web.id/arc/2004/02/senarai-padanan-istilah Senarai Padanan Istilah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927182732/http://direktif.web.id/arc/2004/02/senarai-padanan-istilah |date=2008-09-27 }} * [http://www.vlsm.org/etc/baku-0.txt Panduan Pembakuan Istilah -- Pelaksanaan Intruksi Presiden No 2 Tahun 2001 tentang Penggunaan Komputer Berbasa Indonésia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915152916/http://vlsm.org/etc/baku-0.txt |date=2008-09-15 }} [[Kategori:Internet]] s7rdsdsskmr68mgy0fcj3868vnjdi3l Komando Daerah Militer 0 39358 1760179 1758816 2026-11-06T06:14:19Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760179 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Peta Komando Daerah Militer (2026).png|thumb|458x458px|Péta Komando Daerah Militer]] '''Komando Daerah Militer''' (dicekak '''Kodam''') iku komando utama pembinaan lan operasional kawewengkonan [[TNI Angkatan Dharat]]. Kodam minangka kompartemen strategis sing ndarbèni tugas pokok nyelenggarakaké pembinaan kesiapan operasional tumrap komandoné lan operasi pertahanan aktif ing dharatan miturut kawicaksanan [[Panglima TNI]]. Sawijining Kodam dipanggedhèni déning [[Panglima]] Kodam utawa dicekak '''Pangdam'''. Kakuatan Kodam dumadi saka [[Komando Resor Militer]] (''Korem''), [[Komando Distrik Militer]] (''Kodim''), [[Komando Rayon Militer]] (''Koramil'') lan [[Bintara Pembina Désa]] (''Babinsa''). Kodam uga ngemban tugas sajeroning ngayahi pendidikan pembentukan lan pengembangan kanggo tataran [[Tamtama]] lan [[Bintara]] sing kanthi operasional ditindakaké déning Rèsimèn Induk Daerah Militer. == Kodam ing Indonésia == Ana 21 Komando Kewewengkonan sing dumadi saka: {| {{Prettytable}} |- bgcolor="#98A869" | <span style="color:white;">'''No'''</span> | <div class="center"><span style="color:white;">'''Jeneng'''</span></div> | <div class="center"><span style="color:white;">'''Logo'''</span></div> | <div class="center"><span style="color:white;">'''Wilayah Pertahanan'''</span></div> | <div class="center"><span style="color:white;">'''Kantor pusat'''</span></div> | <div class="center"><span style="color:white;">'''Website resmi'''</span></div> |- |1.|| [[Kodam Iskandar Muda|Komando Daerah Militer I]] ||<div class="center">[[File:2. LOGO KODAM IM.png|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of Aceh.svg|30px]] [[Aceh]]||<div class="center">[[Banda Aceh]]</div>||[http://kodamim-tniad.mil.id/ kodamim-tniad.mil.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810024638/http://kodamim-tniad.mil.id/ |date=2020-08-10 }} |- |2.|| [[Kodam I/Bukit Barisan|Komando Daerah Militer II]] ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Bukit Barisan.webp|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of North Sumatra.svg|30px]] [[Sumatra Lor]]||<div class="center">[[Medan]]</div>|| [http://kodam1-bukitbarisan.mil.id/ kodam1-bukitbarisan.mil.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202150231/http://kodam1-bukitbarisan.mil.id/ |date=2019-12-02 }} |- |3.|| [[:id:Kodam XX/Tuanku Imam Bonjol|Komando Daerah Militer III]] ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Tuanku Imam Bonjol.png|50px]]</div>||[[File:West Sumatra coa.svg|30px]] [[Sumatra Kulon]]<br>[[File:Coat of arms of Jambi.svg|30px]] [[Jambi]]||<div class="center">[[Padang]]</div>|| |- |4.|| [[Kodam II/Sriwijaya|Komando Daerah Militer IV]] ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Sriwijaya.svg|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of South Sumatra.svg|30px]] [[Sumatra Kidul]]<br>[[File:Coat of arms of Bangka Belitung.svg|30px]] [[Kapuloan Bangka Belitung]]||<div class="center">[[Palembang]]</div>|| [https://web.archive.org/web/20090209040956/http://www.kodam-ii-sriwijaya.mil.id/ kodam-ii-sriwijaya.mil.id] |- |5.|| [[Kodam Jayakarta|Komando Daerah Militer V]] ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Jaya.svg|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of Jakarta.svg|30px]] [[Jakarta]]||<div class="center">[[Jakarta Wétan]]</div>||[http://www.kodamjaya-tniad.mil.id/ kodamjaya-tniad.mil.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103174930/https://kodamjaya-tniad.mil.id/ |date=2019-11-03 }} |- |6.|| [[Kodam III/Siliwangi|Komando Daerah Militer VI]] ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Siliwangi.png|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of Banten.svg|30px]] [[Banten]]<br>[[File:Coat of arms of West Java.svg|30px]] [[Jawa Kulon]]||<div class="center">[[Bandung]]</div>|| [http://www.siliwangi.mil.id/ siliwangi.mil.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031222218/https://siliwangi.mil.id/ |date=2021-10-31 }} |- |7.|| Komando Daerah Militer VII ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Diponegoro.svg|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of Central Java.svg|30px]] [[Jawa Tengah]]||<div class="center">[[Semarang]]</div>|| [http://www.kodam4.mil.id/ kodam4.mil.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003034051/http://www.kodam4.mil.id/ |date=2019-10-03 }} |- |8.|| Komando Daerah Militer VIII ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Brawijaya.svg|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of East Java.svg|30px]] [[Jawa Wétan]]||<div class="center">[[Surabaya]]</div>|| [http://www.kodam5-brawijaya.mil.id/ kodam5-brawijaya.mil.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220112754/http://www.kodam5-brawijaya.mil.id/ |date=2018-12-20 }} |- |9.|| Komando Daerah Militer IX ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Mulawarman.svg|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of East Kalimantan.svg|30px]] [[Kalimantan Wétan]]<br>[[File:Coat of arms of North Kalimantan (2021 version).svg|30px]] [[Kalimantan Lor]]||<div class="center">[[Kutha Balikpapan|Balikpapan]]</div>|| [http://www.kodam-mulawarman.mil.id/ kodam-mulawarman.mil.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113190705/http://www.kodam-mulawarman.mil.id/ |date=2017-01-13 }} |- |10.|| Komando Daerah Militer XI ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam XXII Tambun Bungai (2025).png|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of Central Kalimantan.svg|30px]] [[Kalimantan Tengah]]<br>[[File:Coat of arms of South Kalimantan.svg|30px]] [[Kalimantan Kidul]]||<div class="center">Palangka Raya</div>|| |- |11.|| Komando Daerah Militer XII ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Tanjungpura.svg|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of West Kalimantan.svg|30px]] [[Kalimantan Kulon]]||<div class="center">[[Kabupatèn Kubu Raya|Kubu Raya]]</div>|| [http://kodamtanjungpura-tniad.mil.id/ kodamtanjungpura-tniad.mil.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223123331/http://kodamtanjungpura-tniad.mil.id/ |date=2019-12-23 }} |- |12.|| Komando Daerah Militer XIII ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Merdeka.png|50px]]</div>|| [[File:Coat of arms of North Sulawesi.svg|30px]] [[Sulawesi Lor]]<br>[[File:Coat of arms of Gorontalo.svg|30px]] [[Gorontalo]]||<div class="center">[[Manado]]</div>|| [http://www.kodam13-tniad.mil.id/ kodam13-tniad.mil.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322035514/https://kodam13-tniad.mil.id/ |date=2020-03-22 }} |- |13.|| Komando Daerah Militer XIV ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Hasanuddin.svg|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of South Sulawesi.svg|30px]] [[Sulawesi Kidul]]<br>[[File:Coat of arms of Southeast Sulawesi.svg|30px]] [[Sulawesi Kidul-wétan]]||<div class="center">[[Makassar]]</div>||[http://www.kodam14hasanuddin-tniad.mil.id/ kodam14hasanuddin-tniad.mil.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927141532/http://kodam14hasanuddin-tniad.mil.id/ |date=2019-09-27 }} |- |14.|| Komando Daerah Militer XV ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Pattimura.svg|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of Maluku.svg|30px]] [[Maluku]]||<div class="center">[[Ambon]]</div>|| [http://www.kodam16pattimura.mil.id/ kodam15pattimura.mil.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822125556/http://kodam16pattimura.mil.id/ |date=2019-08-22 }} |- |15.|| [[Komando Dhaérah Militer IX/Udayana|Komando Daerah Militer XVI]] ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Udayana.svg|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of Bali.svg|30px]] [[Bali]]||<div class="center">[[Denpasar]]</div>|| [http://www.kodam-udayana.mil.id/ kodam-udayana.mil.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823082220/https://kodam-udayana.mil.id/ |date=2020-08-23 }} |- |16.|| [[Kodam XVII/Cenderawasih|Komando Daerah Militer XVII]] ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Cenderawasih.svg|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of Papua 2.svg|30px]] [[Papua]]<br>[[File:Lambang Papua Pegunungan.svg|30px]] [[Papua Pagunungan]]||<div class="center">[[Jayapura]]</div>|| [http://www.kodam17cenderawasih-tniad.mil.id/ kodam17cenderawasih-tniad.mil.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131092546/http://kodam17cenderawasih-tniad.mil.id/ |date=2019-01-31 }} |- |17.|| Komando Daerah Militer XVIII ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Kasuari.png|50px]]</div>||[[File:Logo Papua Barat Daya1.png|30px]] [[Papuah Kidul Kulon|Papua Kidul-kulon]]<br>[[File:Coat of arms of West Papua.svg|30px]] [[Papua Kulon]]||<div class="center">[[Kutha Manokwari|Manokwari]]</div>|| [http://www.kasuari18-tniad.mil.id/ kasuari18-tniad.mil.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926013750/http://kasuari18-tniad.mil.id/ |date=2019-09-26 }} |- |18.|| Komando Daerah Militer XIX ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Tuanku Tambusai.png|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of Riau.svg|30px]] [[Riau]]||<div class="center">Pekanbaru</div>|| |- |19.|| Komando Daerah Militer XX ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Komando Daerah Militer Radin Inten.png|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of Bengkulu.svg|30px]] [[Bengkulu]]<br>[[File:Coat of arms of Lampung.svg|30px]] [[Lampung]]||<div class="center">[[Bandar Lampung]]</div>|| |- |20.|| Komando Daerah Militer XXIII ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam Palaka Wira.png|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of Central Sulawesi.svg|30px]] [[Sulawesi Tengah]]<br>[[File:Coat of arms of West Sulawesi.svg|30px]] [[Sulawesi Kulon]]||<div class="center">[[kutha Palu|Palu]]</div>|| |- |21.|| Komando Daerah Militer XXIV ||<div class="center">[[File:Lambang Kodam XXIII Mandala Trikora.png|50px]]</div>||[[File:Logo Papua Selatan.png|30px]] [[Papua Kidul]]||<div class="center">Merauke</div>|| |- |22.|| Komando Daerah Militer XXV ||<div class="center">[[File:LOGO KODAM XXV SMR.png|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of Riau Islands.svg|30px]] [[Kapuloan Riau]]||<div class="center">Batam</div>|| |- |23.|| Komando Daerah Militer XXVI ||<div class="center">[[File:LOGO KODAM XXVI MATARAM.png|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of Yogyakarta.svg|30px]] [[Daérah Istiméwa Yogyakarta]]||<div class="center">Sleman</div>|| |- |24.|| Komando Daerah Militer XXVII ||<div class="center">[[File:LOGO KODAM XXVII SOBE SONBAI.png|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of Arms of East Nusa Tenggara NEW.png|30px]] [[Nusa Tenggara Wétan]]||<div class="center">[[Kupang]]</div>|| |- |25.|| Komando Daerah Militer XXVIII ||<div class="center">[[File:LOGO KODAM XXVII MOLOKU KIE RAHA.png|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of North Maluku.svg|30px]] [[Maluku Lor]]||<div class="center">Sofifi</div>|| |- |26.|| Komando Daerah Militer XXIX ||<div class="center">[[File:LOGO KODAM XXIX MAMBRUK.png|50px]]</div>||[[File:Lambang Papua Tengah.png|30px]] [[Papua Tengah]]||<div class="center">Nabire</div>|| |- |27.|| Komando Daerah Militer XXX ||<div class="center">[[File:LOGO KODAM XXX RINAMBORA.png|50px]]</div>||[[File:Coat of arms of West Nusa Tenggara.svg|30px]] [[Nusa Tenggara Kulon]]||<div class="center">[[Mataram]]</div>|| |- |} {{Kodam}} [[Kategori:TNI-AD]] [[Kategori:Kodam ing Indonésia| ]] cg0q54xicj1bo2jmz71tb4h4yb4zk7l Komando Daerah Militer II/Sriwijaya 0 39363 1760180 1730219 2026-11-06T06:14:20Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Logo kodam-2.gif|right|200px]] '''[[Kodam]] II/Sriwijaya''' iku Komando Kewewengkonan Pertahanan sing nyakup [[provinsi]] [[Bengkulu]], [[Jambi]], [[Sumatra Kidul]], [[Kapuloan Bangka Belitung]] lan [[Lampung]]. Pangdam II/Sriwijaya sing saiki diwengku déning [[Syarifuddin Tippe|Mayor Jenderal TNI Syarifuddin Tippe]] wiwit [[20 Juni]] [[2006]]. == Sajarah Kodam II Sriwijaya == Diwiwiti anané manéka organisasi mawa senjata sing tau ana ing wewengkon Sumatera Kidul kaya déné Badan Penjaga Keamanan Rakyat (BPKR), sabanjuré owah dadi Badan Keamanan Rakyat (TKR) minangka bibit kawit sajarah madegé KODAM II/SRIWIJAYA. === Ganti jeneng === * [[1 Januari]] [[1946]], jenengé '''Sub Komandemen Sumatera Selatan''' * [[10 Januari]] [[1946]], jenengé '''Divisi VIl/Garuda''' * [[1 Juli]] [[1946]], bali dadi '''Sub Komandemen Sumatera Selatan''' sing mbawahi 4 Teritorium ya iku Palembang, Jambi, Bengkulu lan Lampung * [[29 Juli]] [[1950]], miturut putusan KASAD Nomer:83/KSAD/Pati/1950 dadi, '''Tentara lan Teritorium (TT) II/Sriwijaya''' * [[1 Fèbruari]] [[1961]], dadi '''Komando Laladan Militer IV/Sriwijaya''' * [[12 Fèbruari]] [[1985]] s/d saiki, dadi '''Komando Laladan Militer II/Sriwijaya''' mituruti Surat Dudutan KASAD Nomer: Skep/346/II/1985. == Korem ing sangisoré Kodam II Sriwijaya == # [[Korem 041/Gamas]], nyakup wewengkon Provinsi [[Bengkulu]] # [[Korem 042/Gapu]], nyakup wewengkon Provinsi [[Jambi]] # [[Korem O43/Gatam]], nyakup wewengkon Provinsi [[Lampung]] # [[Korem 044/Gapo]], nyakup wewengkon Provinsi [[Sumatera Kidul]] lan [[Kapuloan Bangka Belitung]] === Ékan infanteri ing Kodam II/Sriwijaya === * [[Yonif 141/Aneka Yudha]], * [[Yonif 142/Satria Jaya]], * [[Yonif 143/Triwira Eka Jaya]], * [[Yonif 144/Jaya Yudha]], * [[Yonif 200/Raider]]. Wektu iki '''Kodam II/Sriwijaya''' mbawahi lima [[Provinsi]] sing dumadi saka 4 [[Korem]], 24 [[Kodim]], 228 [[Koramil]] lan 1832 [[Babinsa]]. == Panglima Kodam II/Sriwijaya == Pratélan panglima sing tau mengku kalungguhan minangka Pangdam II/Sriwijaya: {| {{prettytable}} |+'''Panglima Kodam II/Sriwijaya''' |- style="background-color: #cfc; color: black;" !No !Pangkat !Nama !wiwit menjabat !akir menjabat |- ||1.||[[Letkol]]||[[Bambang Utoyo]]||[[17 Fèbruari]] [[1950]]||[[5 September]] [[1952]] |- ||2.||[[Letkol]]||[[R.A. Kosasih (prajurit TNI)|R.A. Kosasih]]||[[5 September]] [[1952]]||[[25 November]] [[1952]] |- ||3.||[[Letkol]]||[[Bambang Utoyo]]||[[25 November]] [[1952]]||[[11 Maret]] [[1955]] |- ||4.||[[Letkol]]||[[Ibnu Sutowo]]||[[5 September]] [[1955]]||[[2 Juli]] [[1956]] |- ||5.||[[Letkol]]||[[Barlian]]||[[2 Juli]] [[1956]]||[[14 Mèi]] [[1958]] |- ||6.||[[Kolonel]]||[[Harun Sohar]]||[[14 Mèi]] [[1958]]||[[28 Agustus]] [[1962]] |- ||7.||[[Letkol]]||[[Makmun Murod]]||[[28 Agustus]] [[1962]]||[[17 Juni]] [[1967]] |- ||8.||[[Brigjen]]||[[Ishaq Djuarsa]]||[[17 Juni]] [[1967]]||[[7 Fèbruari]] [[1970]] |- ||9.||[[Brigjen]]||[[Satibi Darwis]]||[[7 Fèbruari]] [[1970]]||[[30 November]] [[1971]] |- ||10.||[[Brigjen]]||[[Himawan Sutanto]]||[[30 November]] [[1971]]||[[9 Mèi]] [[1974]] |- ||11.||[[Brigjen]]||[[Amir Yudowinarno]]||[[9 Mèi]] [[1974]]||[[5 Fèbruari]] [[1976]] |- ||12.||[[Brigjen]]||[[Haroen Soewardi]]||[[5 Fèbruari]] [[1976]]||[[22 Oktober]] [[1977]] |- ||13.||[[Brigjen]]||[[Obrin Satjakusumah]]||[[22 Oktober]] [[1977]]||[[4 Mèi]] [[1979]] |- ||14.||[[Brigjen]]||[[Try Sutrisno]]||[[4 Mèi]] [[1979]]||[[24 Dhésèmber]] [[1982]] |- ||15.||[[Brigjen]]||[[Arie Bandiyoko]]||[[24 Dhésèmber]] [[1982]]||[[9 Mèi]] [[1983]] |- ||16.||[[Brigjen]]||[[Rustandi A.M]]||[[9 Mèi]] [[1983]]||[[23 Mèi]] [[1985]] |- ||17.||[[Mayjen]]||[[Siswandi]]||[[23 Mèi]] [[1985]]||[[24 Agustus]] [[1987]] |- ||18.||[[Mayjen]]||[[Soenardi]]||[[24 Agustus]] [[1987]]||[[30 Maret]] [[1989]] |- ||19.||[[Mayjen]]||[[Soewardi]]||[[30 Maret]] [[1989]]||[[7 Agustus]] [[1992]] |- ||20.||[[Mayjen]]||[[F.X. Sudjasmin]]||[[7 Agustus]] [[1992]]||[[3 Agustus]] [[1993]] |- ||21.||[[Mayjen]]||[[Samsir Siregar]]||[[3 Agustus]] [[1993]]||[[30 Agustus]] [[1994]] |- ||22.||[[Mayjen]]||[[Yunus Yosfiah]]||[[30 Agustus]] [[1994]]||[[26 Juni]] [[1995]] |- ||23.||[[Mayjen]]||[[R. Karyono]]||[[26 Juni]] [[1995]]||[[23 Agustus]] [[1996]] |- ||24.||[[Mayjen]]||[[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]||[[23 Agustus]] [[1996]]||[[7 Agustus]] [[1997]] |- ||25.||[[Mayjen]]||[[Suadi Atma]]||[[7 Agustus]] [[1997]]||[[13 Oktober]] [[1998]] |- ||26.||[[Mayjen]]||[[Affandi]] ||[[13 Oktober]] [[1998]]||[[13 Oktober]] [[1999]] |- ||27.||[[Mayjen]]||[[Sutardjo]]||[[13 Oktober]] [[1999]]||[[15 Juni]] [[2001]] |- ||28.||[[Mayjen]]||[[Sudibyo T.J.]]||[[15 Juni]] [[2001]]||[[15 Juni]] [[2002]] |- ||29.||[[Mayjen]]||[[Sunarso]]||[[15 Juni]] [[2002]]||[[24 Dhésèmber]] [[2003]] |- ||30.||[[Mayjen]]||[[Syahrial BP. Peliung]]||[[24 Dhésèmber]] [[2003]]||[[20 Juni]] [[2006]] |- ||29.||[[Mayjen]]||[[Syarifuddin Tippe]]||[[20 Juni]] [[2006]]||saiki |} == Pranala njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090209040956/http://www.kodam-ii-sriwijaya.mil.id/ Situs resmi Kodam II/Sriwijaya] {{kodam}} [[Kategori:Kodam ing Indonésia|Sriwijaya]] [[Kategori:Kodam II/Sriwijaya| ]] {{tni-stub}} 1jxxfsblpmnf14y8ivqhr86rz67lr6t Melon 0 39372 1760275 1749247 2026-11-06T11:12:49Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = Melon | image = Melon.jpg | image_width = 200px | regnum = [[Tetuwuhan|Plantae]] | divisio = [[Tetuwuhan ngembang|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Cucurbitales]] | familia = [[Cucurbitaceae]] | genus = '''''[[Cucumis]]''''' | species = '''''C. melo''''' | binomial = ''Cucumis melo'' | binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] }} [[File:Muskmelon Seeds.jpg|thumb|Wiji muskmelon]] '''Melon''' (''Cucumis melo'' [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) wujud jeneng [[woh]] uga jeneng tetuwuhan sing ngasilaké woh mau, sing kalebu sajeroning [[familia|suku]] labu-labuan utawa [[Cucurbitaceae]].<ref name="internet3"/> Wohé racaké dipangan seger minangka woh méja utawa diiris-iris minangka campuran ès woh.<ref name="internet3"/> Pérangan sing dipangan ya iku daging wohé (mesokarp).<ref name="internet3"/> Teksturé empuk, awerna [[putih]] tekan [[abang]], gumantung [[kultivar]]é.<ref name="internet3"/> == Pamerian == Tetuwuhan sausum, mrambat nanging njalar, ora munggah.<ref name="internet3"/> Godhongé wangun ndriji mawa lekuk modherat saéngga kaya bunderan mawa pojok-pojok.<ref name="internet3"/> Watangé racaké ora ngandhut kayu.<ref name="internet3"/> Tetuwuhan iki omahé siji kanthi rong tipe [[kembang]]: kembang lanang lan [[hermafrodit]].<ref name="internet3"/> Kembang lanang muncul racaké nalika tetuwuhan isih enom utawa yèn tuwuhé kurang becik.<ref name="internet3"/> Tipe wohé ''pepo''. Pérangan mesokarp saya kandel dadi [[daging]] [[woh]] sing ngandhut banyu. [[Pamuliaan tetuwuhan|pamuliaan]] diarahaké ing daging woh sing kandel, [[legi]], sarta yèn mungel, [[wangi]]. Mélon duwé jeneng latin ''Cucumis melo''.<ref name="internet3"/> Mélon kalebu tuwuhan saka famili Cucurbitaceae.<ref name="internet3"/> Mélon asalé saka [[Lembah]] Panas [[Pèrsi]] utawa laladan [[Mediterania]].<ref name="internet6">[http://sentia.poltek-malang.ac.id/search/tehnik-menanam-melon/ sentia.poltek-malang.ac.id]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 19 Mèi 2011)</ref> Laladan iki manggone ing perbatasa [[Asia Barat]] lan [[Éropa]], [[Afrika]].<ref name="internet3"/> Mélon nyebar ing [[Timur tengah]] lan Éropa.<ref name="internet3"/> Ing [[abad]] kaping [[14]], melon digawa ing Amérika.<ref name="internet3"/> Déné kang nggawa ya iku [[Cristoper Columbus]].<ref name="internet3"/> sawisé iku mélon banjur ditandur ing [[Colorado]], [[California]], lan [[Texas]].<ref name="internet3"/> Mélon urip subur ing laladan [[tropis]] lan [[subtropis]] kalebu ing Indonésia.<ref name="internet3">[http://www.warintek.ristek.go.id/pertanian/melon.pdf warintek.ristek.go.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626045040/http://www.warintek.ristek.go.id/pertanian/melon.pdf |date=2011-06-26 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 19 Mèi 2011)</ref> == Karagaman genetik == Melon akèh banget ragamé, mligi dideleng saka wangun wohé. Ana wolung <ref name="internet1">[http://www.victoryseeds.com/catalog/vegetable/melons.html Situs web perusahaan winih Victory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501223822/http://www.victoryseeds.com/catalog/vegetable/melons.html |date=2009-05-01 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 8 Juni 2007)</ref> [[golongan budidaya]] ('Group') sajeroning spésies iki.<ref name="internet1"/> Telu sing paling populèr ya iku ''Cantalupensis'' (ing jeroné kalebu [[bléwah]], ''true European cantaloupe''), ''Reticulatus'' (melon sing biyasa ditepungi, kulit wohé racaké "mawa jala"), lan ''Inodorus'' (melon 'Honeydew', sing wanguné oval kanthi kulit ngerut).<ref name="internet1"/> Ana siji golongan liya sing wohé uga dipangan, Group ''Dudaim''.<ref name="internet1"/> == Jinis == Jinis mélon kang misuwur ya iku [[melon Christianism]] ([[1850]]); melon Sill Hybrid ([[1870]]); melon Surprise ([[1876]]); [[mélon Ivondequoit]], [[Miller Cream]], [[Netted Gem]], [[Hacken Sack]] lan [[Osage]] ([[1881]]–[[1890]]); mélon Honey Rock dan Improved Perfecto ([[1933]]); melon Imperial ([[1935]]); melon Queen of Colorado dan Honey Gold ([[1939]]).<ref name="internet3"/> Jinis mélon kang paling disenengi ya iku jinis [[melon swing]] lan ''sky rocket''.<ref name="internet4"/> Melon swing asalé saka [[Jepang]].<ref name="internet4"/> Melon iki rasané [[legi]] lan daginge luwih kandel. Yèn dibandingake karo sky rocket, melon swing duwé jaring kang luwih kasar lan luwih kasar.<ref name="internet4"/> Melon swing wujudé bunder lan abote kurang luwih [[1,4]] kg. Déné melon sky rocket boboté nganti tekan [[2]] [[kg]].<ref name="internet4"/> == Nandur == Nandur melon mbutuhae [[panas]] [[srengéngé]].<ref name="internet4"/> Melon kang kakéyan kodan marakaké wite kebaceken lan mati.<ref name="internet4"/> Yèn mélon kodanan terus nalika wayah panén bisa nggawé woh melon rasané anyep ora legi manèh.<ref name="internet4"/> Suhu udara kang diperlokake ya iku antarané [[20]]-[[30]] derajat [[celcius]].<ref name="internet4">[http://www.tabloidnova.com/Nova/Griya/Taman/Menanam-Buah-di-Halaman-Rumah-2 tabloidnova.co] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501004125/http://www.tabloidnova.com/Nova/Griya/Taman/Menanam-Buah-di-Halaman-Rumah-2 |date=2010-05-01 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 19 Mèi 2011)</ref> == Asil olahan == Mélon kena dipangan dadi buah yèn rampung mangan.<ref name="internet2"/> Mélon uga kena kanggo nggawé [[sirup]] rasa mélon. Saliyané iku mélon uga kena digawé [[jus]] melon, [[ès]] buah, lan uga [[bubur]].<ref name="internet2"/> Mélon uga kena digawé [[bolu]] utawa [[pay]] mélon.<ref name="internet2">[http://www.greecehotèlsrooms.com/info-hasil-olahan-dari-kacang-hijau--resep-kue-kering greecehotèlsrooms.com]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 19 Mèi 2011)</ref> Melon kalebu woh kang ngandhut vitamin C kang akèh.<ref name="internet3"/> == Khasiat == Melon ngandhut [[vitamin]] [[C]] kang akèh mulané mélon kena kanggo tamba [[sariawan]].<ref name="internet3"/> Saliyané iki, mélon uga kena kanggo tamba [[hiperténsi]] utawa ''blegudreg''.<ref name="internet3"/> == Habitat == Sadurungé taun [[1980]] mélon kalebu woh-wohan kang diimpor ing [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet3"/> Nanging akèh [[perusahaan]] [[agribisnis]] kang nandur lan mbudidayakaké mélon ing laladan [[Cisarua]] ([[Bogor]]) lan [[Kalianda]] ([[Lampung]]).<ref name="internet3"/> Mélon kang ditandur iki kalebu mélon variétas saka [[Amérika]], [[Taiwan]], [[Jepang]], [[Cina]], [[Prancis]], [[Dhènemarken]], [[Walanda]] lan [[Jerman]].<ref name="internet5">[http://binaukm.com/2011/01/peluang-usaha-budidaya-melon-asal-usul-buah-melon/ binaukm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110080709/http://binaukm.com/2011/01/peluang-usaha-budidaya-melon-asal-usul-buah-melon/ |date=2011-01-10 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 19 Mèi 2011)</ref> Mélon banjur ditandur lan dibudidayakaké ing laladan [[Ngawi]], [[Madiun]], [[Ponorogo]] nganti tekan wewengkon ing èks-[[karesidènan Surakarta]] ([[Sragén]], [[Sukaharja]], [[Boyalali]], [[Karanganyar]] lan [[Klathèn]]).<ref name="internet3"/> Laladan-laladan iku kalebu laladan kang akèh ngasilaké mélon.<ref name="internet3"/> == Gladri == <gallery> Gambar:Honigmelone-Oberfläche.JPG|kulit melon Gambar:Meloenzaden 'Oranje ananas' (Cucumus melo seeds).jpg|wiji melon Gambar:Starr 080914-9945 Cucumis melo.jpg|melon ing wit Gambar:Cantaloupe Talebi.JPG|melon dikerok isiné Gambar:Half cut of Yubari melon.JPG|melon yuhari Gambar:Cucumis melo var. reticulatus (photo by Scott Bauer).jpg|melon diiris Gambar:Squeredmelon inside001.jpg|melon kothak </gallery> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons|Cucumis melo}} * [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Cucumis_melo_nex.html Cucumis melo L.] &ndash; Purdue University, Center for New Crops & Plant Products. * [http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Cucumis.html Sorting Cucumis names] &ndash; Multilingual multiscript plant name database * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100327193411/http://www.foodsubs.com/Fruitmel.html Cook's Thesaurus: Melons] &ndash; A great online list of names and pictures. {{Pala kesimpar}} [[Kategori:Pala kesimpar]] [[Kategori:Cucurbitaceae]] jbdggufsfhc30mc5fbdwa161rj4cihk Magna Carta 0 40840 1760253 1759454 2026-11-06T09:54:30Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} [[Gambar:Magna_Carta_(British_Library_Cotton_MS_Augustus_II.106).jpg|thumb|250px|Magna Carta]] '''Magna Carta''' ([[Basa Latin]] : "Piagam gedhé") iku [[piagam]] [[Inggris]] [[taun]] [[1215]] kang mbatesi kakuwasan [[Monarki Inggris]], mligi [[John saka Inggris|Raja John]], saka kakuwasan absolut. Magna Carta iku asil saka ora sarujuké [[Paus (Katholik Roma)|Paus]] lan [[John saka Inggris|Raja John]] lan [[baron]] ngenani hak [[raja]]: Magna Carta ngatur supaya raja mbatalaké sawatara hak lan ngregani sawatara prosedur legal, lan nampa yèn raja bisa diwatesi déning hukum. Magna Carta iku langkah pisanan sajeroning prosès [[sajarah]] tumuju marang panyusunan [[hukum konstitusional]]. == Pratélan kang ngrawuhi == Para [[Baron]], Bishop lan [[Abbot]] kang ngrawuhi panyusunan Magna Carta.<ref>[http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/magna_carta/translation.html Magna Charta translation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003133836/http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/magna_carta/translation.html |date=2016-10-03 }}, [http://www.brookfieldpublishing.com/Barons/magna_charta_barons_at_runnymede.htm Barons at Runnymede], [http://www.magnacharta.com/articles/article09.htm Magna Charta Period Feudal Estates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203153941/http://www.magnacharta.com/articles/article09.htm |date=2010-02-03 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Para Baron – penanggung kalaksanané Magna Carta ! Para Bishop – seksi ! Para Abbot – seksi |- | [[William d'Aubigny (rebel)|William d'Aubigny]], Lord saka [[Belvoir Castle]] | [[Stephen Langton]], [[Archbishop saka Canterbury]], [[Kardinal saka gréja suci Roma]] | Abbot saka [[Bury St Edmunds Abbey|St Edmunds]] |- | [[Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl saka Norfolk|Roger Bigod]], [[Earl saka Norfolk]] and [[Earl saka Suffolk|Suffolk]] | [[Henry de Loundres]], [[Archbishop saka Dublin (Roman Catholic)|Archbishop saka Dublin]] | Abbot saka [[St Albans Cathedral|St Albans]] |- | [[Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl saka Norfolk|Hugh Bigod]], Heir to the Earldoms saka [[Earl saka Norfolk|Norfolk]] and [[Earl saka Suffolk|Suffolk]] | E., [[Bishop saka London]] | Abbot saka [[Beaulieu Abbey|Bello]] |- | [[Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl saka Hereford|Henry de Bohun]], [[Earl saka Hereford]] | [[Jocelin saka Wells]], [[Bishop saka Bath and Wells]] | Abbot saka [[St Augustine's Abbey|St Augustine ing Canterbury]] |- | [[Richard de Clare, 4th Earl saka Hertford|Richard de Clare]], [[Earl saka Hertford]] | [[Peter des Roches]], [[Bishop saka Winchester]] | Abbot saka [[Evesham Abbey|Evesham]] |- | [[Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl saka Hertford|Gilbert de Clare]], heir to the earldom saka Hertford | [[Hugh de Wells]], [[Bishop saka Lincoln]] | Abbot saka [[Westminster Abbey|Westminster]] |- | [[John FitzRobert]], Lord saka [[Warkworth Castle]] | [[Herbert Poore]] (aka "Robert"), [[Bishop saka Salisbury]] | Abbot saka [[Peterborough]] |- | [[Robert Fitzwalter]], Lord saka [[Dunmow Castle]] | W., [[Bishop saka Rochester]] | Abbot saka [[Reading Abbey|Reading]] |- | [[William de Forz, 3rd Earl saka Albemarle|William de Fortibus]], [[Earl saka Albemarle]] | [[Walter de Gray]], [[Bishop saka Worcester]] | Abbot saka [[Abingdon Abbey|Abingdon]] |- | [[William Hardel]], **[[List saka Lord Mayors saka London|Mayor]] saka the [[City saka London]] | [[Gesakafrey de Burgo]], [[Bishop saka Ely]] | Abbot saka [[Malmesbury Abbey]] |- | [[William de Huntingfield]], [[High Sheriff saka Norfolk and Suffolk|Sheriff saka Norfolk and Suffolk]] | [[Hugh de Mapenor]], [[Bishop saka Hereford]] | Abbot saka [[Winchcombe Abbey|Winchcomb]] |- | [[John de Lacy, 1st Earl saka Lincoln|John de Lacy]], Lord saka [[Pontefract Castle]] | [[Richard Poore]], [[Bishop saka Chichester]] (brother saka Herbert/Robert above) | Abbot saka [[Hyde Abbey|Hyde]] |- | [[William de Lanvallei]], Lord saka [[Standway Castle]] | W., [[Bishop saka Exeter]] | Abbot saka [[Chertsey Abbey|Chertsey]] |- | [[William Malet (Magna Carta)|William Malet]], Sheriff saka [[Somerset]] and [[Dorset]] | | Abbot saka [[Sherborne Abbey|Sherborne]] |- | [[Gesakafrey FitzGesakafrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl saka Essex|Gesakafrey de Mandeville]], [[Earl saka Essex]] and [[Earl saka Gloucester|Gloucester]] | | Abbot saka [[Cerne Abbey|Cerne]] |- | [[William Marshal, 2nd Earl saka Pembroke|William Marshall Jr, heir to the earldom saka Pembroke]] | | Abbot saka [[Abbotsbury Abbey|Abbotebir]] |- | [[Roger de Montbegon]], Lord saka [[Hornby Castle, Lancashire]] | | Abbot saka [[Milton, Dorset|Middleton]] |- | [[Richard de Montfichet]], Baron | | Abbot saka [[Selby Abbey|Selby]] |- | [[William de Mowbray]], Lord saka [[Axholme Castle]] | | Abbot saka [[Cirencester Abbey|Cirencester]] |- | [[Richard de Percy]], Baron | | Abbot saka [[Harstary Abbey|Hartstary]] |- | [[Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl saka Winchester|Saire/Saher de Quincy]], [[Earl saka Winchester]] | | |- | [[Robert de Ros|Robert de Roos]], Lord saka [[Hamlake Castle]] | | |- | [[Gesakafrey de Saye]], Baron | | |- | [[Robert de Vere, 3rd Earl saka Oxford|Robert de Vere]], heir to the [[Earl saka Oxford|earldom saka Oxford]] | | |- | [[Eustace de Vesci]], Lord saka [[Alnwick Castle]] | | |} Liya {{colbegin|colwidth=30em}} * [[Llywelyn the Great]]. Uga para pangèran Welsh {{Who|date=September 2010}} * [[Pandulf Masca|Master Pandulff]], subdeacon lan anggota saka rumahtangga Paus * Brother Aymeric, Master saka [[Knights Templar]] ing Inggris * [[Alexander II saka Scotland]] {{colend}} == Rujukan == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{Refbegin|2}} * [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9050003/Magna-Carta Magna Carta] in ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' Online. * [http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/pubs/occa_lect/flyers/171097.htm Article from Australia's Parliament House about the relevance of Magna Carta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217044011/http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/pubs/occa_lect/flyers/171097.htm |date=2012-02-17 }} * {{Cite book| author=J. C. Holt | title=Magna Carta | url=https://archive.org/details/magnacarta0000holt_l1c7 | location=Cambridge | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1992 |isbn=0-521-27778-7 |authorlink=J. C. Holt}} * I. Jennings: ''Magna Carta and its influence in the world today'' * H. Butterfield; ''Magna Carta in the Historiography of the 16th and 17th Centuries'' * G.R.C. Davis; ''Magna Carta'' * J. C. Dickinson; ''The Great Charter'' * G. B. Adams; ''Constitutional History of England'' * W. S. McKechnie; ''Magna Carta: A Commentary'' (2d ed. 1914, repr. 1960) * A. Pallister; ''Magna Carta the Legacy of Liberty'' * A. Lyon; ''Constitutional History of the United Kingdom'' * G. Williams and J. Ramsden; ''Ruling Britannia, A Political History of Britain 1688–1988'' * Royal letter promulgating the text of Magna Carta (1215), [http://libraries.theeuropeanlibrary.org/UnitedKingdom/treasures_en.xml treasure 3] of the [[British Library]] displayed via [[The European Library]] {{Refend}} == Pranala njaba == {{Wikiquote}} {{Wikisource}} {{Wikisourcelang|la|Magna Carta}} * {{UK-LEG|title=Magna Carta 1297|norig=yes|path=aep/Edw1cc1929/25/9/contents}} * [http://www.bl.uk/collections/treasures/magna.html "Treasures in Full: Magna Carta"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050414081808/http://www.bl.uk/collections/treasures/magna.html |date=2005-04-14 }}, two copies from 1215 from the [[British Library]] in multi-médhia format. * [http://www.constitution.org/sech/sech_044.htm Annotated English translation of 1215 version] * [http://alexpeak.com/twr/mc "Magna Carta"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927133210/http://alexpeak.com/twr/mc/ |date=2011-09-27 }} Document contains side-by-side translations in ** Latin (original), ** English, ** English (again), ** Spanish, and ** French * [http://www.lebrelblanco.com/anexos/a0250.htm The Magna Carta in Medieval History of Navarre] * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/magnacarta.html "Magna Carta"] Latin Text * [http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Latin/Texts/06_Medieval_period/Legal_Documents/Magna_Carta.html "Magna Carta Libertatum"] Latin and English text * [http://www.magnacharta.com/ Baronial Order of Magna Charta] * [http://www.utoledo.edu/as/history/faculty/plinebaugh.html The Magna Carta Manifesto: Liberties and Commons for All] by Peter Linebaugh U of C Press 2008 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130216101520/http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/magna_carta/legacy.html "Magna Carta and Its American Legacy"] The influence of Magna Carta on the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights * [http://www.aph.gov.au/ Parliament House, Canberra, Australia] and [http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/pubs/occa_lect/flyers/171097.htm Bad King John and the Australian Constitution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217044011/http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/pubs/occa_lect/flyers/171097.htm |date=2012-02-17 }} Lecture commemorating the 700th anniversary of the 1297 issue of Magna Carta. * [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/10000 The Magna Carta] English translations. [[Project Gutenberg]] celebratory etext 10000 * [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/magnacarta.html Text of Magna Carta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910155351/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/magnacarta.html |date=2014-09-10 }} English translation, with introductory historical note. From the [[Internet Medieval Sourcebook]]. * [http://www.constitution.org/eng/magnacar.htm Notes prepared by Nancy Troutman] * [http://www.magnacartaplus.org/magnacarta/definitions.htm Magna Carta glossary] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7014220.stm Magna Carta copy to be auctioned] from BBC News * [http://www.sothebys.com/liveauctions/event/N08461_MagnaCarta.pdf Scholarly essay on Magna Carta at Sotheby's website]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.unlockdemocracy.org.uk/?p=1222 Magna Carta – a Guide] from Unlock Democracy. * [http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/2008/07/04/2008-07-04_the_magna_carta_to_be_displayed_in_city.html New York Daily News article on Magna Carta coming to Manhattan, 4 July 2008] * [http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2007/09/24/nyregion/20070924_MAGNA_GRAPHIC.html Interactive, high-resolution view] of a copy from 1297, previously owned by [[Ross Perot]] and given to the [[National Archives and Records Administration|US National Archives]] * [http://bookbinding.com/index.php?page=magna-carta The coats of arms of the barons together with the will of King John] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812191417/http://bookbinding.com/index.php?page=magna-carta |date=2011-08-12 }} [[Kategori:Sajarah Britania Raya]] ldtj3symre564uuirsl7y2h6i56hy2p Krupuk 0 42819 1760196 1720625 2026-11-06T07:03:06Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760196 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Kerupuk.jpg|thumb|Krupuk]] '''Krupuk''' iku panganan saka [[Tanah Jawa]] lan uga [[Nuswantara]] kanthi umum.<ref name="internet1"/> Panganan iki wujudé tipis kumripik.<ref name="internet1"/> Krupuk lumrahé digawé saka glepung tapioka kang ditambahi bahan pangrasa, kaya ta [[urang]], [[kakap]], [[bawang putih]], lan sapanunggalané.<ref name="internet1"/> Banjur jladrèn iki diulèni lan diiris tipis-tipis, dipépé ing [[srengéngé]].<ref name="internet1"/> Banjur digorèng mawa lenga sing akèh tur panas.<ref name="internet1">[http://www.kompas.com/ Kompas.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 20 April 2011)</ref> == Cara nggawé == Cara nggawé krupuk bisa kanthi manual.<ref name="internet2"/> Carané ya iku jladrèn krupuk digawé [[londor]]-londor dawa.<ref name="internet2"/> Sawisé dadi londoran banjur dimasak kanthi dikukus.<ref name="internet2"/> Yèn wis mateng banjur diirisi lan dipépé.<ref name="internet2"/> Irisan krupuk kang wis garing banjur digoréng ing lenga panas.<ref name="internet3"/> Londoran krupuk iki bisa digawé saka godhong utawa saka plastik.<ref name="internet3"/> Krupuk kang dipépé iki ancasé supaya krupuk bisa mekar yèn digorèng.<ref name="internet3">[http://vivaindonesia.com/ Viva Indonésia](dipunundhuh tanggal 20 April 2011)</ref> Krupuk kalebu panganan kang rikat [[gosong]] nalika digoréng, dadi yèn nggorêng krupuk cukup sedhéla waé, aja nganti krupuk dadi [[gosong]].<ref name="internet3"/> Yèn nganti gosong rasané krupuk bakal dadi pait lan wernané dadi [[ireng]].<ref name="internet2">[http://www.femina.co.id/tanya_redaksi/default.asp Tabloid Femina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420044737/http://www.femina.co.id/tanya_redaksi/default.asp |date=2010-04-20 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 20 April 2011)</ref> == Nggorèng == Krupuk bisa digadho utawa dipangan minangka lawuh.<ref name="internet2"/> Sadurungé digorèng lumrahé krupuk dipépé dhisik, ancasé supaya krupuk bisa ngembang lan amba nalika digorèng.<ref name="internet2"/> Kanggo ngasilaké krupuk kang ora [[gosong]] tur asilé katon apik, cukup nggunakaké geni kang ora patiya gedhé nalika nggorèng.<ref name="internet2"/> Saliyané iku, yèn nggorèng krupuk ora kena ditinggal-tinggal supaya ora gosong.<ref name="internet2"/> == Cemilan == Krupuk kalebu jajanan kang ora gawé wareg.<ref name="internet2"/> Yèn ing [[basa Indonésia]] diarani ''makanan ringan'' utawa 'panganan êntèng' ing [[basa Jawa]].<ref name="internet2"/> Krupuk lumrahé kanggo lawuh nalika mangan. Krupuk uga kena kanggo camilan nalika lagi nonton [[TV]] utawa lagi lungguhan. Krupuk uga kena kanggo kanca yèn lagi ngombé [[tèh]] utawa [[kopi]].<ref name="internet2"/> == Mlempem == Yèn suwé ora dipangan lan ora diwadhahi sajeroning wadhah sing rapet krupuk lumrahé banjur dadi mlempem.<ref name="internet2"/> Mlempem tegesé ora renyah manèh.<ref name="internet2"/> Krupuk kang wis mlempem rasané wis béda karo nalika kaya isih renyah.<ref name="internet2"/> Yèn wis [[mlempem]] krupuk lumrahé arang dipangan.<ref name="internet2"/> Supaya krupuk ora rikat mlempem, lumrahé dipépé dhisik.<ref name="internet2"/> Saliyané iku, nalika lagi ngentas saka [[wajan]] krupuk ora langsung diwadhahi toplès nalika isih [[panas]].<ref name="internet2"/> Hawa panas agawé krupuk dadi mlempem nalika disêlêh toplès pas isih panas.<ref name="internet2"/> Krupuk sing wis mlempem bisa digawé renyah manêh mawa dilebokaké ing [[oven]] utawa panggangan [[roti]] sadhéla.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dapurbundaku.wordpress.com/2011/08/25/tips-memasak-%E2%80%93-agar-gorengan-tetap-renyah/ |title=''Dapur Bundaku'. Diaksès tanggal 23 Mei 2012 |access-date=2012-05-23 |archive-date=2016-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404124414/https://dapurbundaku.wordpress.com/2011/08/25/tips-memasak-%E2%80%93-agar-gorengan-tetap-renyah/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rasa woh-wohan == Kanthi kemajuané jaman, krupuk uga ana sing wènèhi perasa woh-wohan.<ref name="internet6"/> Déné woh-wohan kang dadi perasa krupuk ya iku rasa [[nanas]], [[nangka]], [[apel]] rasa [[strobèri]],[[gedhang]], [[gadung]], [[jèngkol]], [[jagung]], rasa [[coklat]], rasa [[durén]].<ref name="internet6"/> Saliyané iku uga ana krupuk kang diwènèhi perasa bumbu ''barbeque'', rasa [[pedhes]] kaya ta [[sambel]] [[balado]], rasa [[legi]], [[kèju]], [[bawang]] lan [[urang]], ana uga krupuk kang rasa [[iwak]].<ref name="internet6">[http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=2987753 kaskus.us]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 19 Mèi 2011)</ref> == Jinis krupuk == Jinisé krupuk.<ref name="internet4"/> * krupuk [[urang]]<ref name="internet4"/> * Krupuk [[iwak]].<ref name="internet4"/> Krupuk iwak kalebu krupuk kang akèh disenengi masarakat.<ref name="internet5"/> Saka bocah cilik nganti tekan wong tuwa uga seneng.<ref name="internet5"/> Rasané kang gurih lan renyah saya gawé krupuk [[iwak]] tambah énak.<ref name="internet5"/> Akèh [[iwak]] kang bisa dadi bahan dhasar kanggo nggawé krupuk.<ref name="internet5"/> Tuladhané iwak [[tongkol]], [[tengiri]], [[bandeng]], lan liya-liyané.<ref name="internet5">[http://pustaka.litbang.deptan.go.id/agritek/dkij0101.pdf Deptan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127012004/http://pustaka.litbang.deptan.go.id/agritek/dkij0101.pdf |date=2012-01-27 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 20 April 2011)</ref> * Krupuk [[aci]]<ref name="internet4"/> * [[Kemplang]]<ref name="internet4"/> * Krupuk bawang putih<ref name="internet4"/> * Krupuk [[bawang]]<ref name="internet4"/> * Krupuk [[kulit]]<ref name="internet4"/> * Krupuk [[mlarat]]<ref name="internet4"/> * Krupuk [[gendar]]<ref name="internet4"/> * Krupuk [[sanjai]]<ref name="internet4"/> * [[Rengginang]]<ref name="internet4"/> * [[Rempeyek]]<ref name="internet4"/> * Krupuk Tahu * [[Rambak]]. [[Rambak]] iku krupuk kang digawé saka kulit [[kebo]]. Laladan [[Bumiayu]], [[Brebes]].<ref name="internet4"/> Jawa Tengah dadi salah sawijining laladan penghasil rambak nganti tekan luar jaban rangkah.<ref name="internet4"/> Kulit kebo nyatane ora mung bisa diolah dadi bedug lan kerajinan tangan nanging uga bisa digawé [[rambak]].<ref name="internet4"/> [[Rambak]] kang diolah dadi krupuk iki arané krupuk [[rambak]].<ref name="internet4"/> [[Kulit]] [[kebo]] sing wis dipépé nganti [[garing]] banjur digodhog nganti empuk ing [[banyu]] kang wis dibumboni.<ref name="internet4"/> Sawisé iku [[kulit]] [[kebo]] kang wis empuk mau banjur diiris tipis-tipis lan dipépé manèh nganti garing.<ref name="internet4"/> Sawisé iku banjur digoréng supaya krupuk dadi ngembang.<ref name="internet4"/> Sajeroning krupuk dipépé lan digoréng iki kang nemtokaké rasa [[gurih]] lan renyahé ing krupuk.<ref name="internet4"/> Krupuk [[rambak]] uga duwé rega kang luwih larang ya iku saben sekilo regané 90 éwu rupyiah.<ref name="internet4"/> Krupuk iki rasané renyah lan gurih rada asin.<ref name="internet4"/> Laladan [[Bumiayu]] diarani laladan sentra produsén krupuk [[rambak]].<ref name="internet4"/> Awit kurang luwih ana [[75]] perajin krupuk rambak ing [[Bumiayu]].<ref name="internet4"/> Krupuk rambak asil olahan ing [[Bumiayu]] uga diékspor ing [[Malaysia]] lan [[Brunei Darussalam]].<ref name="internet4">[http://www.indosiar.com/fokus/57841/kerupuk-rambak-tembus-ekspor Situs Indosiar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506230126/http://www.indosiar.com/fokus/57841/kerupuk-rambak-tembus-ekspor |date=2009-05-06 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 20 April 2011)</ref> * Krupuk mi<ref name="internet4"/> * Krupuk mlarat<ref name="internet4"/> * Krupuk sarmièr<ref name="internet4"/> == Gladri krupuk == <gallery> Gambar:KRUPUK.JPG|krupuk Gambar:Kerupuk Mlarat Cirebon.jpg|krupuk mlarat Cirebon Gambar:Kerupuk kulit.JPG|krupuk kulit renyah Gambar:Kerupuk putih.jpg|krupuk putih Gambar:Kerupuk kulit1.jpg|krupuk kulit Gambar:Kaleng kerupuk.jpeg|krupuk kaleng Gambar:Kempelang Bangka.jpg|kemplang bangka Gambar:Kerupuk.jpg|krupuk Gambar:Kerupuk Bangka.JPG|krupuk Bangka Gambar:Market of Sukawati, Sukawati, Bali 200507-13.jpg|kripuk ing pasar Gambar:Kerupuk mlarat.JPG|krupuk mlarat Gambar:Kerupuk merah.JPG|krupuk abang Gambar:Kerupuk ikan.JPG|krupuk iwak Gambar:Kerupuk puli kerupuk lempeng.JPG|krupuk puli/lémpéng Gambar:Kerupuk mi kuning.JPG|krupuk mi kuning Gambar:Kerupuk kedelai.JPG|krupuk delé Gambar:Krupuk Petis.jpg|krupuk petis </gallery> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Uga delengen == * [[Emping]] * [[Karak]] {{Masakan Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Krupuk|*]] qcobw7ai29v7om6lnr03w3k5z0gf2np James Bond 0 45792 1760061 1757525 2026-11-05T23:41:27Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760061 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Fleming007impression.jpg|thumb|Gambar James Bond rekan [[Ian Fleming]].|pra=Special:FilePath/Fleming007impression.jpg]] [[Gambar:SeanConneryJune08.jpg|thumb|right|175px|[[Sean Connery]] aktor resmi pisanan James Bond.]] '''''James Bond 007''''' (kondhang kanthi jejuluk '''James Bond''', '''Agen 007''', utawa '''JB''') ya iku karakter fiksi sing diciptakna taun 1953 déning penulis [[Ian Fleming]], sing sakterusé muncul ing rolas basa novèl lan loro kolèksi carita cendhak versi original.<ref>[http://www.lilith-ezine.com/articles/2006/understanding007.html Understanding 007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104170128/http://www.lilith-ezine.com/articles/2006/understanding007.html |date=2010-11-04 }}. Retrieved 6 June 2007.</ref> Karakter iki dadi waralaba médhia filem paling laris lan paling suksès sadonya nganti saiki<ref>[http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=jamesbond22.htm Quantum of Solace (2008) - International Box Office Results]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_6980000/newsid_6989800/6989823.stm|title= Potter filems most successful ever|publisher=[[CBBC]]|date=2007-09-11|accessdate=2007-12-15}}</ref>, diawali taun 1962 ing ''[[Dr. No (filem)|Dr. No]]''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Copyright 1998-2007 |url=http://www.mi6.co.uk/sections/movies/index.php3 |title=MI6:: The Home Of James Bond 007 |publisher=Mi6.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2009-01-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=By |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117971747.html?categoryid=1236&cs=1 |title='Harry Potter' toots box office horn - Entertainment News, Los Angeles, Media - Variety |publisher=Variety.com |date=2008-12-30 |accessdate=2009-01-06 |archive-date=2009-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303144307/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117971747.html?categoryid=1236&cs=1 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="jamesbond1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.jamesbond007.se/quantum_of_solace_pr_stockholm.asp |title=Agent James Bond 007 - Quantum of Solace |access-date=2009-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314213007/http://www.jamesbond007.se/quantum_of_solace_pr_stockholm.asp |archive-date=2011-03-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sawisé Fleming séda ing taun 1964, panulisan novèl James Bond diterusake déning [[Kingley Amis]] (Robert Markham), [[John Pearson]], [[John Gardner]], [[Raymond Benson]], lan [[Sebastian Faulks]]. Saliyané iku, [[Christopher Wood]] menovelisasi loro filem dadi?<!--jantene--> novèl. [[Charlie Highson]] nulis carita ngenani ''Young James Bond'', lan para panulis liyané éntuk kapercayaan kanggo ngembangaké carita James Bond non-resmi.<ref>{{cite news |author=Copyright 1998-2007 |url=http://www.mi6.co.uk/sections/literary/index.php3 |title=MI6:: The Home Of James Bond 007 |publisher=Mi6.co.uk |date=1953-04-13 |accessdate=2009-01-06 |archive-date=2019-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530131951/http://www.mi6.co.uk/sections/literary/index.php3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ing jaman iki wis ana 22 filem James Bond resmi sing dirilis déning pihak [[EON Productions]] (déning prodhuser Albert R. Broccoli lan Harry Saltzman)<ref>{{cite book |last=Winder |first=Simon |year=2006 |title=The Man Who Saved Britain |url=https://archive.org/details/manwhosavedbrita0000wind_b3d6 |publisher=Picador |isbn=0-330-43954-5}}</ref>, saliyané sawatara versi non-resmi sing dikembangake déning prodhuser-prodhuser liyané. == Aktor == === Versi resmi === Tercatat enem actor wis memerano karakter James Bond ing versi resmi ing jaman iki ya iku: * [[Sean Connery]] (enem filem) * [[George Lazenby]] (siji filem) * [[Roger Moore]] (pitung filem) * [[Timothy Dalton]] (loro filem) * [[Pierce Brosnan]] (patang filem) * [[Daniel Craig]] (loro filem, ing jaman iki)<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6312375.stm "Bond's late arrival in China"] - BBC News. Retrieved 23 April 2007.</ref> === Versi non-resmi === Lang awe versi non resmi ana pitu actor sing memerano peran tersebut, ya iku: * [[Barry Nelson]] ([[Casino Royale (episode Climax!)|Casino Royale]] 1954) * [[Bob Holness]] (sandiwara radio [[Moonraker (novèl)|Moonraker]] 1956) * [[David Niven]] ([[Casino Royale (filem 1967)|Casino Royale]] 1967) * [[Sean Connery]] ([[Never Say Never Again]] 1983) * [[Michael Jayston]] (sandiwara radio [[You Only Live Twice (novèl)|You Only Live Twice]] 1990) * [[Corey Burton]] (serial kartun 1991) * [[Toby Stephens]] (sandiwara radio [[Dr. No (novèl)|Dr. No]] 2008) == Film == === EON Productions === # 1962: ''[[Dr. No (filem)|Dr. No]]'' # 1963: ''[[From Russia with Love (filem)|From Russia with Love]]'' # 1964: ''[[Goldfinger (filem)|Goldfinger]]'' # 1965: '''[[Thunderball (filem)|Thunderball]]'' # 1967: ''[[You Only Live Twice (filem)|You Only Live Twice]]'' # 1969: ''[[On Her Majesty's Secret Service (filem)|On Her Majesty's Secret Service]]'' # 1971: ''[[Diamonds Are Forever (filem)|Diamonds Are Forever]]'' # 1973: ''[[Live and Let Die (filem)|Live and Let Die]]'' # 1974: ''[[The Man with the Golden Gun (filem)|The Man with the Golden Gun]]'' # 1977: ''[[The Spy Who Loved Me (filem)|The Spy Who Loved Me]]'' # 1979: ''[[Moonraker (filem)|Moonraker]]'' # 1981: ''[[For Your Eyes Only (filem)|For Your Eyes Only]]'' # 1983: ''[[Octopussy]]'' # 1985: ''[[A View to a Kill]]'' # 1987: ''[[The Living Daylights]]'' # 1989: ''[[Licence to Kill]]'' # 1995: ''[[GoldenEye]]'' # 1997: ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' # 1999: ''[[The World Is Not Enough]]'' # 2002: ''[[Die Another Day]]'' # 2006: ''[[Casino Royale (filem 2006)|Casino Royale]]''<ref> {{cite web | title = Stars out for Bond royal premiere | publisher = BBC | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6146090.stm | accessdate = 2006-11-15 }}</ref> # 2008: ''[[Quantum of Solace]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7206997.stm |title=BBC NEWS &#124; Entertainment &#124; New Bond filem title is confirmed |publisher=BBC News |date=2008-01-24 |accessdate=2009-01-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7304920.stm |title=BBC NEWS &#124; Entertainment &#124; Next Bond filem gets early release |publisher=BBC News |date=2008-03-19 |accessdate=2009-01-06}}</ref> #2012 Skyfall #2015 [[Spectre (filem 2015)|Spectre]] === Presentasi lan wilayah liyane=== Sacara visual lan [[musik]], nanging uga sacara artistik ing umum, James Bond lan cara [[Inggris]] asring menehi inspirasi kanggo [[seniman]] kaya Marc Engelhard lan protagonis liyane utawa gaya sing padha.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinterest.de/MarcEngelhardCelebrity/musik-film/ |title=Galleries for artistic photos|date=2022}}</ref> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Wikiquote}} {{Commons category}} ;Website resmi: * [http://www.jamesbond.com/ Situs resmi James Bond] * [http://www.ianflemingcentre.com/ Pusat penerbitan novel Ian Fleming] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613124446/http://www.ianflemingcentre.com/ |date=2017-06-13 }} * [http://www.youngbond.com/ Situs resmi Young Bond] * [http://www.pinewoodgroup.com/ Pinewood Studios – rumah dari James Bond] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128072515/http://www.pinewoodgroup.com/ |date=2011-01-28 }} * [http://www.007stage.com/ Website resmi Pinewood Studios Albert R. Broccoli 007 Stage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930160508/http://www.007stage.com/ |date=2011-09-30 }} * [http://www.30AU.co.uk/ Ian Fleming's 'Red Indians' - 30AU - Literatur James Bond Wartime unit] ;Website non-resmi: * [http://www.007james.com/ 007James – Situsnya Mr. Bond, James Bond] * [http://mi6.co.uk/ MI6 – Rumah dari James Bond] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906114842/http://www.mi6.co.uk./ |date=2008-09-06 }} [[Kategori:Fiksi]] [[Kategori:James Bond]] 9dpsoo7hh3f1o5ujsb1pa08upjfwx29 Gréja Katulik 0 45964 1760000 1754834 2026-11-05T20:14:00Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Greja Katulik}} '''Gréja Katulik''', ingkang ugi sinebat '''Gréja Katulik Roma''',{{#tag:ref|Nami "Gréja Katulik" ngandhut kerancuan, amargi Gréja punika boten namung satunggal-satunggalipun lembaga ingkang mratélakaken dhiri minangka [[Katulik]]. Gréja punika sinebat lan nyebat piyambak kanthi sawatawis nama, miturut kondhisi ing saubengipun. Tembung Yunani καθολικός (katholikos), asal saking tembung "Katulik", tegesipun "universal".<ref>{{cite web | title =Concise Oxford English Dictionary | publisher =Oxford University Press | date =2005 | url =http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/catholic?view=uk | format =online version | accessdate =10 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20071030174857/http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/catholic?view=uk | archive-date =30 October 2007 | url-status =dead }}</ref> Tembung punika ingkang kaping sepindhahan dipunagem kanggé nyebat Gréja Kristen ing wiwitan abad kaping 2.<ref>{{cite web| last =Marthaler| first = Berard| title =The Creed | publisher =Twenty-Third Publications| year =1993| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=TY3-aZIo9HEC&pg=PA303&dq=catholic+Ignatius+of+Antioch&lr=#PPA303,M1| df=dmy|access-date=9 Mèi 2008}} kaca. 303</ref> Pasca [[Skisma Wétan-Kilèn|Skisma Akbar]], Gréja Kilèn ngagem nama "Katulik", sauntawis Gréja Wétan nganggé nama "Ortodoks".<ref name="McBrien"/> Pasca [[Reformasi Protèstan|Reformasi]] ing abad kaping 16, Gréja ingkang dumunung wonten ing salebeting pasekuton kaliyan Biskop Roma nganggé sebatan "Katulik" kanggé mbèntenaken saking manéka Gréja Protèstan.<ref name="McBrien">McBrien, Richard (2008). ''The Church''. Harper Collins. kaca. xvii. Vèrsi online cumawis ing [http://browseinside.harpercollins.com/index.aspx?isbn13=9780061245213 mriki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827023130/http://browseinside.harpercollins.com/index.aspx?isbn13=9780061245213 |date=2009-08-27 }}. Pethikan: ''Pangginaan adjektiva "Katulik" minangka tambahan ing tembung "Gréja" mawi sipat divisif namung sasampunipun Skisma Wétan-Kilèn... lan Réformasi Protèstan... Ing salebeting kasus sepindhahan, Gréja Kilèn mawi nama Gréja Katulik, déné pihak Wétan migunakaken nama Gréja Ortodoks ingkang Suci. Ing kasus kaping kalih, pihak ingkang dumunung ing pasekuton kaliyan Biskop Roma ''mempertahankan'' adjektiva "Katulik", déné gréja-gréja ingkang mutusaken sesambetan kaliyan Kepausan dipunsebat Protèstan.''</ref> Nami "Gréja Katulik", sanès "Gréja Katulik Roma", punika nama ingkang biyasa dipun-ginakaken Gréja punika wonten salebeting dhokumèn-dhokumènipun. Nami punika dipun-ginakaken ing judhul saking ''[[Katekismus Gréja Katulik]].''<ref>Libreria Editrice Vaticana (2003). [http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_INDEX.HTM "Katekismus Gréja Katulik."] Dipunaksès ing: 2009-05-01.</ref> Nami punika ugi ingkang dipun-ginakaken déning Paus Paulus VI nalika napakastani dhokumèn-dhokumèn Konsili Vatikan Kaping kalih.<ref>Vatikan. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/ Dhokumèn-dhokumèn Konsili Vatikan II]. Diakses ing: 2009-05-04. Pènget: Tapak asta Paus katingal ing vèrsi Latin.</ref><ref>''Declaration on Christian Formation'', dipunterbitaken déning Konferensi Waligréja Amérikah Sarékat, Washington DC 1965, kaca 13</ref><ref>Whitehead, Kenneth (1996). "[http://www.ewtn.com/faith/teachings/churb3.htm. "How Did the Catholic Church Get Her Name?"] Eternal Word Television Network. Dipunaksès ing 9 Mèi 2008.</ref> Mligi ing nagara-nagara mawi penutur Basa Inggris, Gréja punika biyasa dipunsebat Gréja Katulik "Roma"; ing kesempatan-kesempatan tinamtu Gréja punika ugi nyebat dhiri piyambak nganggé sebatan wau.<ref>Conto: [http://www.vatican.edu/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/chrstuni/angl-comm-docs/rc_pc_chrstuni_doc_19770429_paul-vi-coggan_en.html 1977 Pasetujon kaliyan Uskup Agung Donald Coggan saking Canterbury] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720110327/http://www.vatican.edu/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/chrstuni/angl-comm-docs/rc_pc_chrstuni_doc_19770429_paul-vi-coggan_en.html |date=2011-07-20 }}</ref> Ing sawatawis wekdal, sebatan punika saged mbèntenaken Gréja punika kaliyan gréja-gréja sanès ingkang ugi nyatakaken dhiri minangka Katulik. Istilah punika dipun-ginakaken ing judhul dhokumèn-dhokumèn ingkang magepokan kaliyan sesambetan-sesambetan ekumenis. Sinaosa makaten, nama "Gréja Katulik Roma" boten dipunsenengi déning kathah umat Katulik ingkang nganggep minangka satunggiling labèl ingkang dipunsemataken déning pihak sanès ingkang gadhah makna manawi Gréjanipun namung salah satunggal saking sawatawis gréja katulik, lan gadhah makna manawi kasetyan dhumateng Sri Paus andadosaken karaos boten layak dipunpitados.<ref>Walsh, Michael (2005). ''Roman Catholicism''. Routledge. kaca. 19. Vèrsi online sumadiya ing [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=a3u1xyovVx0C&pg=PA19&vq=properly&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_1#PPA19,M1 sini]</ref> Ing gréja punika, nama "Gréja Roma", ing makna ingkang paling alit, tegesipun [[Kauskupan]] Roma.<ref>{{cite web| last =Beal| first = John| title =New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law| publisher =Paulist Press| year =2002| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=X5rcnhLnRYMC&pg=PA464&dq=%22roman+church%22+%22holy+see%22&lr=&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES#PPA468,M1| df=dmy|access-date=13 Mèi 2008}} kaca. 468</ref><ref>The ''New Catholic Encyclopedia'' mratélakaken: "Wnten satunggal aspèk ingkang langkung tebih prekawis istilah Katulik Roma ingkang perlu dipunfahami. Gréja Roma saged dipun-ginakaken kanggé nyebat, sanès Gréja universal ingkang gadhah satunggiling primat inggih punika Biskop Roma, nanging kanggé nyebat Gréja lokal ing Roma, ingkang gadhah kaistiméwaan amargi uskupipun ugi njabat minangka primat kanggé sadaya Gréja."</ref>|group=note}} punika [[Gréja]] [[Agama Kristen|Kristen]] paling ageng ing donya, lan gadhah 1,4 milyar anggota, inggih punika kinten-kinten setengah saking sedanten umat Kristiani{{#tag:ref|Buku taunan kepausan 2007 mratélakaken manawi wonten 1,115 milyar umat Katulik ing donya.<ref name="Zenit">{{cite web| title =Number of Catholics and Priests Rises| publisher =Zenit News Agency| date =12 Fèbruari 2007| url =http://www.zenit.org/article-18894?l=english |df=dmy|accessdate=21 Fèbruari 2008}}</ref> Data CIA ugi mbabaraken kintenan ingkang sami.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web| title =CIA World Factbook| publisher =United States Government Central Intelligence Agency| year =2009| url =https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html| df =dmy| accessdate =6 Juli 2009| archive-date =2018-12-24| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211306/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html| url-status =dead}}</ref>{{br}} Mbandhingaken cacahing kaanggotaan Gréja Katulik kaliyan statistik-statistik ingkang cumawis bab gréja-gréja Kristen sanèsipun nuwuhaken kangèlan-kangèlan metodologis amargi boten wonten dhéfinisi ingkang sami bab kaanggotaan kanggé sedanten dhénominasi Kristen. Wonten satunggal rentang estimasi ingkang nyebataken manawi warga Gréja Katulik minangka 50% <ref>{{cite web |title=Major Branches of Religions Ranked by Number of Adherents |url=http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html#Christianity |accessdate=2009-07-05 |publisher=adherents.com |archive-date=2019-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106014508/http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html#Christianity |url-status=dead }}</ref> saking gunggung umat Kristiani ing donya.|group=note}} lan sepraenem saking [[populasi donya]]. Gréja Katulik punika satunggal [[komuni]] (pasekuton) saking Ritus Kilèn ([[Ritus Latin]]) lan 22&nbsp;[[Ritus Wétan|Gréja Katulik Wétan]] (dipunsebat [[Gréja Partikular#Gréja-Gréja utawi Ritus-Ritus otonom|gréja-gréja partikular]]), ingkang mbentuk 2.795&nbsp;[[kauskupan]] ing 2008. Otoritas kadonyan paling inggil Gréja punika wonten ing babagan iman, moral lan pamaréntahanipun inggih punika [[Paus|Sri Paus]],<ref name="Schreck158">Schreck, kaca. 158–159.</ref> wekdal punika [[Paus Benediktus XVI]], ingkang nyepeng otoritas paling inggil sesarengan kaliyan [[Dewan Biskop]], ingkang dipunketuani piyambak.<ref name="LumenG3">{{cite web| last = Paulus VI| first = Paus| title =Lumen Gentium bab 3, pérangan 22| publisher =Vatikan| year =1964| url =http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html| df=dmy|accessdate=9 Maret 2008}}</ref><ref>Hukum Kanon, kanon [http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P15.HTM 331] lan [http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P16.HTM 336]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=u9VOAzAZM8YC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=%22College+of+bishops%22+%22supreme+and+full+power%22+Catholic&source=web&ots=cUI3uA9sC3&sig=ubR7qJv7f78tD_t9EoUO3jJAbAE&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result Teaching with Authority, déning Richard R. Gaillardetz, kaca. 57]</ref> Komunitas Katulik dumados saking panglados-umat katahbis (rohaniwan) lan umat [[awam]]; rohaniwan utawi umat awam saged ugi dados anggota saking [[Ordo kaagamaan Katulik|komunitas-komunitas religius]].<ref name="Schreck153">Schreck, kaca. 153.</ref> Gréja punika ndefinisèkaken manawi misinipun inggih punika martakaken Injil [[Yesus Kristus]], ngladosi [[Sakramèn (Katulik)|sakramèn-sakramèn]] lan ngayahi karya amal.<ref name="OneFaith50">Barry, kaca. 50–51.</ref> Gréja punika nglampahi program-program lan lembaga-lembaga sosial ing donya, kalebet ugi [[sekolah Katulik|sekolah-sekolah]], universitas-universitas, griya-griya sakit, misi-misi lan perumahan, sarta organisasi-organisasi kados [[Catholic Relief Services]], [[Caritas|Caritas Internasionalis]] lan [[Catholic Charities]] ingkang mbiyantu kaum papa, kulawargi-kulawargi, tiyang-tiyang jompo, lan tiyang-tiyang sakit.<ref name="OneFaith98">Barry, kaca. 98–99.</ref> Langkung [[Suksesi Apostolik|suksesi apostolik]], Gréja punika pitados bilih dhirinipun minangka kalajengan saking komunitas Kristiani ingkang dipunadegaken déning Yesus kaliyan nahbisaken [[Santo Petrus]], satunggal pandhangan ingkang ugi dipunanut déning kathah sajarawan.<ref name="NatGeographic281">Wilken, hal. 281, kutipan: "Sawetawis (Komunitas Kristiani) dipunadegaken déning Petrus, murid ingkang dipuntetepaken Yesus minangka pendhiri Gréja kagunganipun.... Kados makaten kadhudhukan kasebat kalembagakaken, para sajarawan ninjo malih lan ngakeni Petrus minangka paus sepindhahan Gréja Kristen ing Roma"</ref> Gréja punika netepaken dhoktrin-dhoktrinipun liwat manéka [[konsili Ekumenis|konsili ekumenis]], nulad para rasul sepindhahan ing [[Konsili Yerusalem]].<ref name="Schreck152">Schreck, kaca. 152.</ref> Kanthi dhasar janji-janji Yesus dhumateng rasul-rasulipun ingkang kasebat wonten ing [[Injil]], Gréja punika pitados manawi dipuntuntun déning [[Hyang Roh Suci]] lan amargi saking punika kalindhungi saking kasalahan dhoktrin.<ref name="OneFaith43">Barry, kaca. 37, kaca. 43–44.</ref><ref name="Matthew">(Mat. 16:18–19)</ref><ref>(Yoh. 16:12–13)</ref> Kayakinan-kayakinan Katulik dipundhasaraken dhumateng [[Tradhisi Suci|deposit iman]] (nyakup [[Alkitab|Kitab Suci]] lan [[Tradhisi Suci]]) ingkang dipunwarisi saking jaman [[Kalihwelas Rasul|Rasul-Rasul]], lan ingkang dipuninterpretasi déning [[Magisterium|Otoritas Pangajaran]] Gréja. Keyakinan-keyakinan kasebat karangkum wonten ing [[Pangakenan Iman Nicea|Kredo Nicea]], lan kanthi resmi dipunrinci wonten ''[[Katekismus Gréja Katulik]]''. Peribadatan Katulik ingkang formal, ingkang dipunsebat [[liturgi]], dipunatur déning otoritas Gréja. [[Ekaristi]], salah satunggal saking pitung [[sakramèn]] Gréja lan pérangan wigatos saking saben [[Misa]] Katulik utawi [[Liturgi Suci]] Katulik Wétan, punika pusat saking peribadatan Katulik. Kanthi sajarah ingkang kalih èwu taun, Gréja punika minangka salah satunggal lembaga paling sepuh ing donya<ref name="O'CollinsPref">O'Collins, hal. v (pengantar).</ref> lan gadhah peran wigatos ing salebeting [[sajarah peradaban Kilèn]] sabotenipun wiwit abad kaping 4.<ref name="Ordandis">Ordandis, pengantar</ref> Ing abad kaping 11, satunggal perpecahan ageng, ingkang sok dipunsebat [[Skisma Wétan-Kilèn|Skisma Akbar]], dumadi antawisipun Kristianitas Wétan lan Kilèn ingkang mliginipun dipunakibataken awit padudon babagan [[Primasi Pontif Romawi|primasi kepausan]]. Gréja-Gréja Wétan ingkang tetep lan ingkang tembé wingking manunggal kaliyan Biskop Roma, Sri Paus, mbentuk [[Ritus Wétan|Gréja-Gréja Katulik Wétan]], lan Gréja-Gréja ingkang tetep wonten ing njawi otoritas kepausan limrahipun dipunsebat minangka Gréja-Gréja [[Gréja Ortodoks Wétan|Ortodoks Wétan]]. Ing abad kaping 16, ugi minangka tanggepan dhumateng tuwuhipun [[Reformasi Protèstan]] ing Éropah Kilèn, Gréja punika nyelenggarakaken prosès reformasi lan renovasi internal, ingkang dipuntepangi minangka [[Kontra-Reformasi]]. Senaos Gréja punika mratélakaken minangka "[[Papat Ciri Gréja|Gréja ingkang satunggal, suci, katulik, lan apostolik]]," dipunadegaken déning [[Yesus Kristus]], panggénan tiyang saged manggih kapenuhan sarana kaslametan,<ref>{{cite web| last = Konsili Vatikan| first = Kedua| title =Lumen Gentium paragraf 14| publisher =Vatikan| year =1964| url =http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html| df=dmy|access-date=17 Dhésèmber 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| last =Paragraf nomer 846| title =Katekismus Gréja Katulik| publisher = Libreria Editrice Vaticana| year = 1994| url = http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P29.HTM| df=dmy|accessdate=27 Dhésèmber 2008}}</ref> Gréja punika inggih ngakeni manawi Hyang Roh Suci saged migunakaken komunitas-komunitas Kristiani sanèsipun kanggé mbekta tiyang tumuju [[kaslametan]].<ref>{{cite web| last =Paragraf nomer 819| title =Katekismus Gréja Katulik| publisher = Libreria Editrice Vaticana| year = 1994| url = http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p123a9p3.htm| df=dmy|accessdate=16 Mèi 2009}}</ref><ref name="Kreeft110"/> Gréja punika pitados manawi panjenenganipun dipuntimbali déning Hyang Roh Suci kanggé ngupadosaken kamanunggalan umat Kristiani, satunggal obahan ingkang dipuntepangi minangka [[ekumenisme]].<ref name="Kreeft110">Kreeft, hal. 110–112.</ref> Tantangan-tantangan modhèren ingkang dipunadhepi Gréja punika nyakup bangkitipun [[sekularisme]] lan panentangan dhumateng sikap bab [[aborsi]], [[euthanasia]], [[kontrasepsi]], lan [[moralitas sèksual]].<ref>{{cite news| last =Shorto| first =Russel| title =Keeping the Faith| work =The New York Times| date=8 April 2007| url =http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/08/magazine/08pope.t.html| df=dmy|accessdate=29 Maret 2008}}</ref> == Cathetan suku == <div class="reflist4" style="height: 220px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px" > {{reflist|2}} </div> <references group="note"/> == Pratélan pustaka == * {{cite web |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/ccc_toc.htm |publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana |year=1993}} * {{cite web |title=Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church |url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html |publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana |year=2005}} * {{cite web |title=Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (Annual Church Statistics) |url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/CHISTORY/annu2004.HTM |date=July 2004 |publisher=EWTN |accessdate=2006-09-14}} * {{cite book |title=History of Christendom |last=Carroll |first=Warren |date=October 2004 |publisher=Christendom Press |id=ISBN 0-931888-21-2}} 4 Volumes. * {{cite book |title=[[Annuario Pontificio]] |year=2006 |id=ISBN 88-209-7806-7 |publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana |author=Central Statistics Office}} * {{cite book |title=Triumph: The Power and the Glory of the Catholic Church: A 2,000-Year History |last=Crocker, III |first=H. W. |date=November 2001 |publisher=Prima Lifestyles |id=ISBN 0-7615-2924-1}} * {{cite web |title=Catholic Encyclopedia |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/index.html |date=April 1913 |publisher=Encyclopedia Press |author=Herbermann, Charles G. et al.}} * {{cite book |title=A History of the Church: The World in Which the Church Was Founded |url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_P9-APT-187 |last=Hughes |first=Philip |year=1947 |publisher=Sheed & Ward |id=ISBN 0-7220-7981-8}} * {{cite book |title=The Roman Catholic Church: A Divine Institution or a Human Invention? |last=Miller |first=Adam S. |year=1997, 2006 |publisher=Tower of David Publications}} * {{cite book |title=How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization |last=Woods, Jr. |first=Thomas |date=May 2005 |publisher=Regnery Publishing |id=ISBN 0-89526-038-7}} == Pranala njawi == * [http://www.vatican.va/ Vatican: the Holy See] situs web resmi Vatikan * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/ Catholic Hierarchy] Informasi mengenai para biskop Katulik lan keuskupan-keuskupan * [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/cardinals.htm The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703095216/http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/cardinals.htm |date=2009-07-03 }} Informasi mengenai para Kardinal Gréja Katulik * [http://www.earthhealing.info/catholicstats.pdf Global Catholic Statistics: 1905 and Today] déning Albert J. Fritsch, SJ, PhD * [http://www.catholic.com Catholic Answers] Salah satunggal saking apostolat-apostolat apologetika lan evangelisasi Katulik terbesar ingkang dikelola déning umat awam * [http://www.maryfoundation.com Mary Foundation] CD gratis berisi ringkasan ajaran Gréja Katulik mengenai Misa, Maria, dst. * [http://www.americancatholic.org/UpdateYourFaith American Catholic] Pertanyaan-pertanyaan Gréja Katulik-FAQ mengenai Katolisisme * [http://www.catecheticsonline.com/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page Catholic Wiki]-Satunggal situs orthodox wiki ingkang dibaktikan bagi pengumpudan limpahan informasi mengenai Gréja Katulik * [http://www.masstimes.org/ MassTimes]-Satunggal database komprehensif saking sedanten Gréja lan Misa Katulik ing sedanten donya * [http://www.parishesonline.org/ ParishesOnline] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428225338/http://www.parishesonline.org/ |date=2015-04-28 }}-U.S. directory of the Catholic Church. {{featured article}} {{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}} [[Kategori:Gréja Katulik Roma| ]] t9279bfc0omr9jafgzdrvwn49siqwf0 Kabupatèn Tabalong 0 52206 1760118 1703787 2026-11-06T03:19:41Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dati2 | jeneng = Kabupatèn Tabalong | angka BPS = | provinsi = [[Kalimantan Kidul]] | kutha krajan=[[Kutha Tanjung]] | jembar = 3.496 km² | padunung = 187.208 jiwa (2006) | kacamatan=12 | kalurahan=131 | kodearea=0526 | motto='''Saraba Kawa''' | lambang=[[Gambar:Lambang_Kabupatèn_Tabalong.jpg|120px|Lambang Kabupatèn Tabalong]] | peta = [[Gambar:Lokasi Kalimantan Selatan Kabupatèn Tabalong.svg‎|300px]] | koordinat=1°18'-2°25' [[Lintang Lor|LU]]{{br}}115°9'-115°47' [[Bujur Wétan|BT]]. | dau = | apbd = | dhasar ukum=UU No. 8 Taun 1965 | tanggal=[[1 Dhésèmber]] [[1965]] | kapadhetan = 47 | kepala laladan=[[Bupati]] | nama kepala laladan=[[Drs. H. Rachman Ramsyi, M.Si]] | web=[http://www.tabalong.go.id/ www.tabalong.go.id] }} '''Kabupatèn Tabalong''' iku [[kabupatèn]] ing [[Provinsi Kalimantan Kidul]], [[Indonésia]]. [[Kutha krajan]] kabupatèn iki dumunung ing [[Kutha Tanjung]], kurang luwih 235&nbsp;km saka [[Banjarmasin]] kutha krajan Provinsi Kalimantan Kidul. Adohé iki yèn lumantar menyang [[Kutha Amuntai]], nanging padha luwih seneng lumantar [[Paringin, Balangan|Paringin]] sing luwih adoh 10&nbsp;km amarga dalané luwih amba. Kabupatèn iki duwé jembar wewengkon 3.496&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> lan sing ndunungi cacahé 187.208 jiwa (2006). Kabupatèn iki nduwè sesanti ''Saraba Kawa'' (saka [[basa Banjar]]) artiné bisa kabèh. == Suku bangsa == Suku asli yaiku: * [[Suku Banjar]] * [[Suku Dayak Dusun Deyah]] (ing Kacamatan Muara Uya) * [[Suku Dayak Warukin]] (subetnis [[Suku Dayak Maanyan]] * [[Suku Dayak Lawangan]] * [[Suku Dayak Bukit]] Suku bangsa liyané: # [[Suku Banjar]] # [[Wong Jawa]] # [[Suku Bugis]] # [[Suku Madura]] # [[Suku Dayak Bukit]] # [[Suku Mandar]] # [[Suku Dayak Bakumpai]] # [[Suku Sunda]] # Lan liya-liyané. == Sajarah == * [[8000 SM]]: [[Manungsa]] ras Australoid utawa ras Austrolomelanesia]] manggon ana ing guwa-guwa ing pagunungan [[Meratus]]. Fosilné ditemokna ing Guwa Babi sing ana ing Gunung Batu Buli, [[Randu, Muara Uya, Tabalong|Désa Randu]]. * [[2500 SM]]: Migrasi bangsa Malayu Proto saka Yunan menyang pulo [[Borneo]] sing dadi mbah buyuté suku [[Dayak]] (rumpun Ot Danum). * [[1500 SM]]: Migrasi bangsa Malayu Deutero menyang pulo Borneo. * [[400]]: Migrasi wong [[Sumatera]] sing gawa basa [[Malayu]] kuna. * [[520]]: Wiwité[[Karajan Tanjungpuri]] di [[Tanjung, Tabalong|Tanjung]] sing miwiti wong Malayu kuna. * [[600]]: [[Suku Dayak Maanyan]] pindhah menyang [[Pulo Bangka]], sak banjuré menyang [[Madagaskar]]. * [[1200]]: Ampu Jatmika, wong sugih saka nagari [[Keling]] ([[Tamil]]) miwiti [[karajan Nagara Dipa]], sadurungé ana ing cedhak Kali Tapin, panggonan sing dewekné miwiti Candhi Laras. * [[1200]]: Wong Tabalong sing nganggo [[basa Malayu Bukit]] lan [[basa Maanyan]] manggoni Tabalong, salah siji saka lima ''laladan ilèn sungai'' ([[Banua Lima]]) sing ditakluké karo prajurit Ampu Jatmika saka Karajan Nagara Dipa sing ana ing Candhi Agung, [[Amuntai]]. * [[1362]]: [[Karajan Nan Sarunai]], karajan Suku Dayak Maanyan éntuk serangan saka Majapahit. * [[1363]]: Wewengkon [[Barito]], [[Tabalong]] dan [[pulau Sebuku|Sawuku]] dadi laladan taklukan [[Karajan Majapahit]]. Pangeran Suryanata saka [[Majapahit]] kasil dadi ratu Nagara Dipa. * [[1400]]: Wewengkon Tabalong lumebu ana ing wewengkon [[Karajan Nagara Daha]], sing neruské wangsa Nagara Dipa. * [[1526]]: Wewengkon Tabalong lumebu ana ing wewengkon Banua Lima, sawijining provinsi saka [[Kesultanan Banjar]]. * [[17 Agustus]] [[1860]]: [[Pangeran]] [[Antasari]] miwiti Benteng Tabalong. * [[1899]]: [[Residen]] C.A Kroesen mimpin Zuider en Ooster Afdeeling van Borneo. * [[1900]]: Onderafdeeling Tabalong lan Kelua, pimpinane Controleur Klas I [[C.H. Hall]]. Kepala Wewengkon Tabalong yaiku [[Kiai Mohammad Seman]] lan Kepala Wewengkon Kelua yaiku [[Kiai Tjakra Widana]] * [[1938]]: [[Wester afdeeling van Borneo]], Zuider en Ooster [[Afdeeling]] van Borneo dadi sawijining provinsi ing [[Indhiya Nèderlan]]. * [[1927]]: Pambrontakan [[Gusti Barmawi]] tumuju soal rodi. * [[1937]]: Pambrontakan Hariang, [[Banua Lawas, Tabalong]] ndadèké matiné [[kepala wewengkon]] yaiku [[Kiai]] Masdulhak. * [[6]] [[Fèbruari]] [[1942]]: [[Jepang]] manggoni kutha [[Tanjung, Tabalong|Tanjung]]. * [[18 Maret]] [[1942]]: [[Kiai]] [[Pangeran Musa Ardi Kesuma]] dikongkon Jepang dadi Ridzie, penguasa sing paling kuwasa lang paling dhuwur pamrintah sipil sak sajeroning wewengkon Banjarmasin, Hulu Sungai, Kapuas lan Barito. * [[18 Agustus]] [[1945]]: Papréntahan [[Sukarno]]-[[Hatta]] ngongkon Ir. H. [[Pangeran Muhammad Noor]] dadi gubernur [[Kalimantan]] * [[3 Juni]] [[1949]]: Paperangan Serangan Umum Kutha [[Tanjung, Tabalong|Tanjung]], [[Tabalong]]. * [[7 Dhésèmber]] [[1956]]: Tabalong lumebu ana ing Kabupatèn Hulu Sungai Lor péranganing provinsi Kalsel. * [[1 Dhésèmber]] [[1965]]: Tabalong dadi kabupatèn. <! == Riwayat Nama Tabalong == Legenda tentang terciptanya nama [[Tabalong]] menurut hikayat lésan dari mulut ke mulut yang tersebar sejak taun empat puluhan, ialah seperti yang di tulis [[seniman Tabalong]] dalam buku [[antologi]] [[gurit]] "'''Duri-duri Tataba'''" taun [[1996]] yang di terbitkan [[Dewan Kesenian Laladan]] (DKD) [[Tabalong]], menyebutkan bahwa terwujudnya sebutan [[Tabalong]] yaiku bermula dari para perambah [[hutan]] yang mencari [[ladang]] dan [[huma]] hingga kakinya terinjak duri-duri [[Tataba]], sejinis pohon yang seluruh batangnya penuh berduri keras, jinis tanaman ini mempunyai [[akar Tunjang]] dan berbuah hanya menjadi makanan burung-burung hutan. Mereka menjerit (dalam [[basa Banjar Hulu]], dikatakan "Jerit" sama dengan Tahalulung atau sama dengan melolong), karena kesakitan terkena duri-duri [[Tataba]], inilah akhirnya menjadi penyebutan "TABALONG". Artinya terinjak duri Tataba…..jadi [[Tahalulung]] menjadi nama …"'''Tabalong'''". == Tokoh Kelahiran Tabalong == * [[Titiek Puspa]] > == Pranala njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091216125837/http://tabalongkab.go.id/ Situs resmi] * [http://www.tabalong.net/ Situs Alternatif] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916172644/http://tabalong.net/ |date=2008-09-16 }} {{Kabupatèn Tabalong}} {{Kalimantan Kidul}} [[Kategori:Kabupatèn ing Kalimantan Kidul|Tabalong]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Tabalong| ]] cew0m4zvmq0m8wrj1u6tl1s692o2h14 Kisruhing leladi dirgantara sawisé Eyjafjallajökull mbledhos ing 2010 0 57123 1760173 1645039 2026-11-06T05:51:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760173 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash 17 April 2010.png|thumb|right|Citra awan awu sing kira-kira sumebar saindhenging Éropa ing tabuh 18:00 ing tanggal 17 April 2010. Ramalan ini bakal dianyari ing situs wèb [http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/aviation/vaac/vaacuk_vag.html London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre site] ([[Met Office]], Britania Raya.]] {{wikinews|European airspace closed by volcanic ash}} Sawisé érupsi gunung geni [[Eyjafjallajökull]] ing tanggal 14 April 2010, lalu lintas udara sadhuwuring Éropa Lor dadi amburadul. Perkara iki njalari yutanan para penumpang montor mabur dadi kedampar. Érupsi iki dumadi sangisoring ès gletser, lan banyu anyep saka ès sing lèlèh njendhelaké lava kanthi gelis lan njalari fragmèn-fragmèn iku dadi kaca sing kagawa déning angina. Barang-barang iki karo gedhéné érupsi nggawé awu awan sing mbebayani banget kanggo lalu lintas udara. Akibaté, pamaburan dadi katundha ing [[Ostenrik]], [[Bèlgi]], [[Britania Raya]], [[Republik Ceko]], [[Dhènemarken]], [[Éstlan]], [[Kapuloan Pharur]], [[Finlan]], [[Jerman]], [[Honggari]], [[Èslan]], [[Republik Irlandia|Irlandia]], [[Kroasia]], [[Lètlan]], [[Litowen]], [[Luksemburg]], [[Malta]], [[Moldova]], [[Nurwègen]], [[Polen]], [[Prancis]], [[Ruslan]], [[Slowak]], [[Slowén]], [[Spanyol]], [[Swèdhen]], [[Switserlan]] lan [[Walanda]], mawa akèh lapangan mabur ing Éropa sing ditutup.<ref name="NASInfo">{{cite web|url=http://www.norwegian.com/en/landingssider/cancellations-due-to-volcanic-ash-in-the-air/ |title=Cancellations due to volcanic ash in the air |date=15 April 2010 |publisher=[[Nurwègenn Air Shuttle]] |accessdate=15 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2010/04/15/bloomberg1376-L0WS531A74E9-1.DTL |title=Iceland Volcano Spewing Ash Chokes Europe Air Travel |date=15 April 2010 |work=San Francisco Chronicle |accessdate=15 April 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821063035/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2010/04/15/bloomberg1376-L0WS531A74E9-1.DTL |archivedate=21 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8622438.stm |title=Live: Volcanic cloud over Europe |publisher=BBC News |date= |accessdate=2010-04-15}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:2010]] ke9w1bhlrw831lo93xgs3rdl2e8e9my Manggis, Leksana, Wanasaba 0 58548 1760257 1733783 2026-11-06T10:13:59Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{désa |peta = |jeneng =Manggis |provinsi =Jawa Tengah |dati2 =Kabupatèn |jeneng dati2 =Wanasaba |kacamatan =Leksana |jeneng pemimpin =- |wewengkon =- |sing ndunungi =- |kapadhetan =- }} '''Manggis''' iku salah siji désa ing [[Leksana, Wanasaba|Kacamatan Leksana (Leksono)]], [[Kabupatèn Wanasaba]], [[Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/data-wilayah|title=Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan (Permendagri No.56-2015) - Kementerian Dalam Negeri - Republik Indonesia|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kemendagri.go.id|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429140519/http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/data-wilayah|archive-date=2017-04-29|url-status=dead|access-date=2017-10-31}}</ref> Desa iki manggon ing sisih lor Kecamatan Leksono, adohé kira-kira 8 km saka pusat kecamatan lan 11 km saka kutha Wonosobo menyang arah kulon. Desa Manggis misuwur minangka produsen salak pondoh ing Kabupaten Wonosobo. Kajaba iku, desa iki uga duwé stadion lan lapangan paling gedhé ing Wonosobo, yaiku Stadion Tanggul Asih. Desa Manggis ana ing dhuwur 815 nganti 880 meter saka permukaan laut (mdpl), saengga hawane adhem kanthi suhu rata-rata 23°C lan curah udan nganti 2500 mm saben taun. Ambane désa iki 332.424 m² kanthi wujud lemahé perbukitan, ndadèkaké jarak antarané papat dhusuné rada adoh. Saben dhusun manggon ing bukit sing béda-béda, mènèhi pemandangan alam sing apik banget nalika lelungan saka siji dhusun menyang dhusun liyané.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://manggis.desacantik.id/index.php/artikel/2023/12/30/sejarah-desa-manggis|title=SEJARAH DESA MANGGIS|last=Setiyadi|first=Isrom|date=30 Desember 2023|access-date=2025-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007121732/https://manggis.desacantik.id/index.php/artikel/2023/12/30/sejarah-desa-manggis|archive-date=2025-10-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> Desa iki dienggoni 2.757 jiwa sing kapérang dadi 766 kepala keluarga. Akèh-akèhé warga padha dadi petani (408 wong), banjur ana sing nyambut gawé ing home industry (97 wong), tukang kayu/batu (67 wong), buruh tani (50 wong), pedagang (37 wong), PNS (15 wong), pensiunan (5 wong), lan liyané nyambut gawé serabutan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://manggis.desacantik.id/index.php/artikel/2023/12/30/sejarah-desa-manggis|title=Sejarah Desa Manggis|last=Setiyadi|first=Isrom|date=30 Desember 2023|access-date=2025-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007121732/https://manggis.desacantik.id/index.php/artikel/2023/12/30/sejarah-desa-manggis|archive-date=2025-10-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Uga delengen == * [[Leksana, Wanasaba]] * [[Kabupatèn Wanasaba]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.wonosobokab.go.id/ Situs resmi Kabupatèn Wanasaba] {{Leksana, Wanasaba}} {{Kabupatèn Wanasaba }} {{Jawa Tengah}} {{kalurahan-stub}} sszndqydm21dw21s685hx40usv9vnsi FUPEI 0 60755 1759946 1752611 2026-11-05T17:19:04Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759946 wikitext text/x-wiki '''FUPEI''' (''Friends Uniting Program Especially Indonesian'') iku situs jaringan sosial sing mawujud ing wulan [[Mèi 2004]]. Diwiwiti saka situs-situs jaringan sosial liya sing ngrembaka kaya ta [[Friendster]] ing taun [[2004]], FUPEI mèlu mènehi panggonan kanggo naraguna [[Internet]] ing [[Indonesia]]. FUPEI iku migunakaké sistem ''user-generated-content'' sing ana fasilitas foto, musik, video, lan liya-liyané. Naraguna-naraguna mau terus diceluk kanti peparab ''fupeis''. Saiki FUPEI wis mandek.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://republika.co.id/berita/koran/pendidikan-koran/16/08/16/oc01865-menantang-raksasa-digital|title=Menantang Raksasa Digital|date=2016-08-16|website=Republika Online|access-date=2020-04-26}}</ref> == Sajarah == FUPEI diyasa déning '''Sanny Gaddafi'''. Mula bukané saka hobi lan ngrembakané Friendster ing Indonesia rikala iku. FUPEI ngowahi tèknologi lan antar-muka naraguna ing [[Agustus 2006]]. == Fitur-fitur == FUPEI migunakaké fasilitas kaya lumrahé situs jejaring sosial ing Internet liyané, ing antarané: * kothak celukan ''(shoutbox)'' * album foto * musik * video * kalender acara * dolanan * ngobrol ''(chatting)'' * fitur-fitur eksklusif mirunggan fupeis Indonesia (forum) == Pranala njaba == <references /> * [http://www.fupei.com FUPEI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522133328/http://www.fupei.com/ |date=2010-05-22 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250222180817/https://alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?url=fupei.com Ranking ing ALEXA] [[Kategori:Situs jejaring sosial]] c7mxsuqfvdr3ji1kp9z0thgw626g8e1 Hara 0 64182 1760014 1733315 2026-11-05T21:19:53Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760014 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Nutrient-cycle hg.png|thumb|Siklus unsur hara ing lautan]] '''Hara''' utawa '''nutrien''' iku [[unsur kimia|unsur]] utawa [[senyawa kimia]] kang dipigunakaké kanggo [[metabolisme]] utawa [[fisiologi]] [[organisme]]. Hara racaké dikategorikaké dadi [[nutrien]] kang nyedhiakaké [[ènergi]] lan kang kanggo komponèn kanggo awak utawa struktur [[sel (biologi)|sèl]]. Sawijining nutrien diarani [[nutrien esensial|esensial]] kanggo organisme yèn [[zat]] mau ora bisa [[sintesis|disintesis]] déning organisme lan kudu dicukupi saka sumber [[panganan]]. == Pranala njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120129030429/http://www.thevitaminmag.com/ Vitamin Blog] * [http://www.healthvitaminsguide.com Health Vitamins Guide] * [http://timothyhowe.com/cgi-bin/compfoods.pl Compare the nutrients in 100 calories of any two foods] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071121005609/http://timothyhowe.com/cgi-bin/compfoods.pl |date=2007-11-21 }} * [http://www.sankey.ws/dietref.html Recommendations for human diet] [[Kategori:Nutrien| ]] [[Kategori:Nutrisi]] {{biokimia-stub}} a0cjzbmtahy4p5zwv4ak1n29qd7nabj Kapal Perang Republik Indonésia 0 65516 1760141 1730216 2026-11-06T04:15:02Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760141 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Kapal Perang Républik Indonésia'' biyasa dicekak dadi '''KRI''' iku [[kapal]] duwèké [[TNI AL]] sing gunggungé kurang luwih 148 [[kapal perang]] manéka kelas lan jinis, durung kalebu kapal patroli yang dawané kurang saka 36 mèter sing biyasa karan '''KAL''' utawa kapal angkatan laut sing cacahé 317 unit lan 2 kapal layar cagak dhuwur. == Glosarium == Arti dari singkatan-singkatan yang dipakai olèh TNI-AL untuk fungsi KRI: {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} * ASG-Kapal Angkut Serba Guna * AT-Kapal Angkut Tank * BA-Kapal Bengkel Apung / ''Repair'' * BAP-Kapal Bantu Angkut Personel * BCM-Bantu Cair Minyak / Kapal Tanker * BHO-Kapal Bantu Hidro Oseanografi * BR-Kapal Buru Ranjau * BTD-Kapal Bantu Tunda * BU-Kapal Bantu Umum {{col-2}} * KCR-Kapal Cepat Rudal * KCT-Kapal Cepat Torpedo * LAT-Kapal Latih * MA-Kapal Markas * PC-Kapal Patroli Cepat * PK-Kapal Perusak Kawal * PKR-Kapal Perusak Kawal Rudal * PR-Kapal Penyapu Ranjau * KS-Kapal Selam {{col-end}} == Réferènsi == === Sumber === {{reflist|2}} === Uga delengen === * [[Pratélan kapal perang TNI-AL non-aktif]] === Pranala njaba === * [http://www.cvl.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~kazmi/KRI.html Gambar-gambar Kapal Perang TNI-AL.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812043708/http://www.cvl.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~kazmi/KRI.html |date=2007-08-12 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160120212254/http://www.hazegray.org/worldnav/asiapac/indones.htm World Navies Today: Indonésia] [[Kategori:KRI| ]] 67dk3b79eske21kpghbxe479kh6k61p Institut Tèknologi Bandung 0 66318 1760046 1748851 2026-11-05T22:50:56Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox University |name = Institut Téknologi Bandung |image_name = itb.gif |image_size = 150px |motto = ''In Harmonia Progresio'' ([[basa Latin|Latin]]:"Kemajuan dalam keselarasan") |established = 3 Juli 1920 (Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng)<br>2 Maret 1959 (Institut Téknologi Bandung) |type = Universitas nagari kanthi status Badan Hukum Milik Nagara |rector = Prof. Dr. Ir. Tatacipta Dirgantara, M.T. |city = [[Bandhung]] |state = [[Jawa Kulon]] |country = [[Indonésia]] |faculty = |students = 19.747 (2014) |undergrad = 14.320 |postgrad = 4.776 |doctoral = 651 |profess = |specialist = |extension = |int'l class = |campus = [[area urban|Urban]] |colors = Biru |nickname = Kampus Ganésha |affiliations = ABET, ASIIN e. V., JABEE, KAAB, RSC, ABEST21, ASAIHL, [[ASEAN University Network|AUN]], EBA Consortium, ASEA UNINET, Global E3, AOTULE, SEATUC |website = {{url|https://www.itb.ac.id/}} |footnotes = |address = |telephone = +62 22 2500935 }} '''Institut Téknologi Bandung''' ('''ITB''') iku [[perguruan tinggi]] nagari sing dumunung ing [[Kutha Bandung]]. ITB diadegaké tanggal [[2 Maret]] [[1959]]. Wektu iki status ITB yaiku BHMN (Badan Hukum Milik Nagara). Kampus utama ITB sapunika ana ing sekolah tinggi tèhnik kapisan [[Indonésia]].Lan duwé institusi [[pandhidhikan]] tinggi ngutamakake ITB duwé karakteristik lan misi.Banjur mènèhi prabawa lan perkembangan kang tumuju ing madegé ITB Rektor ITB sapunika yaiku Prof. Dr. Ir. Tatacipta Dirgantara, M.T. kanggo periode 2025-2030. == Sajarah == Sajarah ITB asal usulé wiwit abad kalihdasa, kanthi prakarsa masarakat panguasa ing mangsa iku. Gagasan utama madegake kanggo nyukupi kabutuhan tenaga tèhnik kang siyap ing mangsa ngarep antara gayutan Inonésia lan njaba nagari kaya ta gayutan antara nagari [[Walanda]] uga tlatah jajahan ing kawasan Nusantara, kang njalari anané [[Perang Donya Kapisan]]. ''De Techniche Hoogeschool te'' Bandung madeg tanggal 3 Juli 1920. ITB madeg kapisanan ing tanggal [[3 Juli]] [[1920]] kanthi jeneng "Technische Hooge School (THS)" te Bandoeng lan duwé siji fakultas ''de Faculteit van Technische Wetenschap'' sarta duwé siji jurusan yaiku ''de afdeeling der Weg en Waterbouw''. ITB uga dadi tlatah [[Pratélan Présidhèn Indonésia|présidhèn]] [[Indonésia]] kapisanan, [[Soekarno]] nyabet gelar insinyur sajeroning ngangsu ngèlmu ing babagan [[Teknik Sipil]]. == Fakultas == [[Gambar:ITBPlazaWidya.jpg|thumb|Plaza Widya ITB kanthi [[Gunung Tangkuban Perahu]] ing kadohan.]] [[Gambar:ITB library building.JPG|thumb|Wangunan [[pabukon]] pusat ITB]] Wektu iki ITB duwé 12 [[fakultas]] utawa [[sekolah]]. Karolas fakultas/sekolah mau yaiku: # Fakultas Matematika lan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA) ## [[Astronomi]] ## [[Kimia]] ## [[Matematika]] ## [[Fisika]] # Sekolah Ilmu lan Teknologi Hayati (SITH) ## [[Biologi]] ## [[Mikrobiologi]] # Sekolah Farmasi (SF) ## [[Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi]] ## [[Farmasi Klinik lan Komunitas]] # Fakultas Teknik Pertambangan lan Perminyakan (FTTM) ## [[Teknik Metalurgi]] ## [[Teknik Pertambangan]] ## [[Teknik Perminyakan]] ## [[Teknik Geofisika]] # Fakultas Ilmu lan Teknologi Kebumian (FITB) ## [[Teknik Geodesi lan Geomatika]] ## [[Teknik Géologi]] ## [[Meteorologi]] ## [[Oseanografi]] # Fakultas Teknologi Industri (FTI) ## [[Teknik Kimia]] ## [[Teknik Fisika]] ## [[Teknik Industri]] # Fakultas Teknik Mesin lan Dirgantara (FTMD) ## [[Teknik Mesin]] ## [[Aeronotika lan Astronotika]] ## [[Teknik Material]] # [http://stei.itb.ac.id Sekolah Teknik Elektro dan Informatika (STEI)] ## [[Teknik Elektro]] ## [[Teknik Tenaga Elektrik]] ## [[Teknik Telekomunikasi]] ## [[Teknik Informatika]] ## [[Sistem lan Teknologi Informasi]] # Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan (FTSL) ## [[Teknik Sipil]] ## [[Teknik Lingkungan]] ## [[Teknik Kelautan]] # Sekolah Arsitektur, Perencanaan lan Pengembangan Kebijakan (SAPPK) ## [[Arsitektur]] ## [[Perencanaan Wewengkon lan Kutha]] # Fakultas Seni Rupa lan [[Desain]] (FSRD) ## [[Seni Rupa Murni]] ## [[Desain Komunikasi Visual]] ## [[Desain Interior]] ## [[Desain Produk]] ## [[Kriya Seni]] # [[Sekolah Bisnis lan Manajemen (SBM)]] ## [[Manajemen]] == Rektor == {{utama|Pratélan rektor Institut Teknologi Bandung}} * Prof. Ir. R. [[Soemono]] (2 Maret 1959-1 November 1959)<ref>Ketua Presidium: Prof. Ir. [[Soemono]]; Anggota: Prof. Ir. [[Goenarso]]; Prof. dr. [[Djoehana Wiradikarta]] (Ketua/Dekan FIPIA UI Bandung); Prof. Ir. [[Soetedjo]] (Ketua/Dekan FT UI Bandung); Panitera: Prof. Dr. Ir. R. M. [[Soemantri Brodjonegoro]] (Ketua Jurusan Teknologi Kimia).</ref> * Prof. Ir. R. [[Otong Kosasih]] (1 November 1959-20 April 1964) * Ir. R. [[Ukar Bratakusumah]] (14 April 1964-22 Fèbruari 1965)<ref>http://www.itb.ac.id/news/46 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119194755/http://www.itb.ac.id/news/46 |date=2016-01-19 }} ITB News Portal, 13 Maret 2003, ''Mantan Rektor ITB, Ir. Ukar Bratakusumah Meninggal''</ref> * Letnan Kolonel Ir. [[Koentoadji]] (22 Fèbruari 1965-1969) * Prof. Dr. [[Doddy Achdiat Tisna Amidjaja]] (1969-7 Dhésèmber 1976) * Prof. Dr. Ing. [[Iskandar Alisjahbana]] (7 Dhésèmber 1976-14 Fèbruari 1978) * Dr. [[Soedjana Sapi'ie]] (16 Fèbruari 1978-30 Mèi 1979)<ref>Ketua Rektorium: Dr. [[Soedjana Sapi'ie]]; Anggota: Prof. Dr. [[Moedomo Soedigdomarto]]; Prof. Ir. [[Wiranto Arismunandar]], MSME; Ir. [[Djuanda Suraatmadja]].</ref> * Prof. Dr. [[Doddy Achdiat Tisna Amidjaja]] (30 Mèi 1979-22 November 1980)<ref name="Pejabat Sementara">Pejabat Sementara.</ref> * Prof. [[Hariadi Paminto Soepangkat]], Ph.D. (22 November 1980-12 Dhésèmber 1988) * Prof. Ir. [[Wiranto Arismunandar]], MSME (12 Dhésèmber 1988-7 Maret 1997) * Prof. Ir. [[Lilik Hendrajaya]], M.Sc., Ph.D. (7 Maret 1997-10 November 2001) * Ir. [[Kusmayanto Kadiman]], Ph.D. (10 November 2001-21 Oktober 2004) * Prof. Ir. [[Adang Surahman]], M.Sc., Ph.D. (23 Oktober 2004-29 Januari 2005)<ref name="Pejabat Sementara"/> * Prof. Dr. Ir. [[Djoko Santoso (rektor ITB)|Djoko Santoso]], M.Sc. (29 Januari 2005-29 Januari 2010) * Prof. [[Akhmaloka]], Dipl.Biotech., Ph.D. (29 Januari 2010-sekarang) == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == === Umum === * [http://www.itb.ac.id/ Situs resmi] * [http://www.itb.or.id/ Situs komunitas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520064435/http://www.itb.or.id/ |date=2007-05-20 }} * [http://forum.itb.or.id/ Forum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070402004044/http://forum.itb.or.id/ |date=2007-04-02 }} === Fakultas/departemen/sekolah === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101024100312/http://www.chem.itb.ac.id/ Program Studi Kimia] * Program Studi Teknik Géologi * [http://www.gd.itb.ac.id/ Program Studi Teknik Geodesi dan Geomatika] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621112754/http://www.gd.itb.ac.id/ |date=2016-06-21 }} * [http://www.math.itb.ac.id/ Departemen Matematika] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070905184001/http://www.math.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-09-05 }} * [http://www.as.itb.ac.id/ Departemen Astronomi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070425065440/http://www.as.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-04-25 }} * [http://www.ee.itb.ac.id/ Departemen Teknik Elektro] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070425133435/http://www.ee.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-04-25 }} * [http://www.tf.itb.ac.id/ Departemen Teknik Fisika] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070916064446/http://www2.tf.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-09-16 }} * [http://www.ti.itb.ac.id/ Departemen Teknik Industri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014110030/http://www.ti.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-10-14 }} * [http://www.if.itb.ac.id/ Departemen Teknik Informatika] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517105035/http://www1.if.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-05-17 }} * [http://www.ae.itb.ac.id/ Departemen Teknik Penerbangan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421225131/http://www.ae.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-04-21 }} * [http://www.che.itb.ac.id/ Departemen Teknik Kimia] * [http://www.sbm.itb.ac.id/ Sekolah Bisnis dan Manajemen (SBM)] * [http://www.fi.itb.ac.id/ Departemen Fisika]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.sith.itb.ac.id/ Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati (SITH)] * [http://www.metallurgy.itb.ac.id/ Program Studi Teknik Metalurgi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203065850/http://www.metallurgy.itb.ac.id/ |date=2011-02-03 }} === Unit kagiyatan mahasiswa === * [http://www.lfm.itb.ac.id/ Liga Film Mahasiswa (LFM) ITB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503091942/http://lfm.itb.ac.id/ |date=2017-05-03 }} * [http://hati.unit.itb.ac.id/ Unit Kajian Islam Ideologis HATI ITB (Harmoni Amal Titian Ilmu)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029193022/http://hati.unit.itb.ac.id/ |date=2010-10-29 }} * [http://www.boulevard.or.id/ Situs Boulevard ITB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422210132/http://www.boulevard.or.id/ |date=2007-04-22 }} * [http://pstk.unit.itb.ac.id/ Perkumpulan Seni Tari&Karawitan Jawa-ITB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312131140/http://pstk.unit.itb.ac.id/ |date=2008-03-12 }} * [http://www.gamais.itb.ac.id/ Keluarga Mahasiswa Islam "GAMAIS" (Islamic Student Society)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070430025329/http://gamais.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-04-30 }} * [http://loedroek.itb.ac.id/ Paguyuban Seni Budaya Jawa Timuran (Loedroek ITB)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310215723/http://loedroek.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-03-10 }} * [http://www.arc.itb.ac.id/ Amateur Radio Club ITB (ARC ITB)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422120306/http://www.arc.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-04-22 }} * [http://www.psik-itb.org/ Unit Perkumpulan Studi Ilmu Kemasyarakatan (PSIK)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513090935/http://www.psik-itb.org/ |date=2007-05-13 }} * [http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1256601233514116&url=www.geocities.com/akarnaisea Unit Matematika dan Linguistik (Akarna ISEA)] * [http://scout.itb.ac.id/ Pramuka ITB]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://psm-itb.itgo.com/ Paduan Suara Mahasiswa ITB] * [http://www.pmk-itb.com/ Persekuthuan Mahasiswa Kristen (PMK) ITB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070420185339/http://www.pmk-itb.com/ |date=2007-04-20 }} * [http://www.psik-itb.org/ Situs resmi PSIK ITB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513090935/http://www.psik-itb.org/ |date=2007-05-13 }} * [http://uksu.unit.itb.ac.id/ Unit Kesenian Sumatera Utara (UKSU) ITB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312191114/http://uksu.unit.itb.ac.id/ |date=2008-03-12 }} * Unit Kebudayaan Jepang (UKJ) ITB * [http://genshiken.unit.itb.ac.id/ Kelompok Studi Visual Budaya Modern (Genshiken ITB)]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}* Unit Pendidikan ** [http://www.ksep-itb.org/ Kelompok Studi Ekonomi dan Pasar Modal ITB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002044546/http://www.ksep-itb.org/ |date=2009-10-02 }} ** [http://lfm-itb.com// Liga Film Mahasiswa "LFM" ITB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128014211/http://lfm-itb.com/ |date=2011-11-28 }} ** [http://hati.unit.itb.ac.id/ Unit Kajian Islam Ideologis HATI ITB (Harmoni Amal Titian Ilmu)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029193022/http://hati.unit.itb.ac.id/ |date=2010-10-29 }} ** [http://www.psik-itb.org PSIK - ITB ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513090935/http://www.psik-itb.org/ |date=2007-05-13 }} ** Unit Matematika dan Linguistik-Akarna ISEA ** Pramuka ** [http://e-club.itb.ac.id/ Entrepreneur Club ITB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125122356/http://e-club.itb.ac.id/ |date=2010-01-25 }} ** [http://radiokampus.ee.itb.ac.id/ Radio Kampus - ITB community radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627190042/http://radiokampus.ee.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-06-27 }} ** [http://www.arc.itb.ac.id/ Amateur Radio Club ITB - ARC ITB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422120306/http://www.arc.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-04-22 }} ** [http://www.gamais.itb.ac.id/ Keluarga Mahasiswa Islam "GAMAIS" (Islamic Student Society)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070430025329/http://gamais.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-04-30 }} ** Keluarga Mahasiswa Katulik "KMK" (Catholic Student Society) ** [http://www.pmk-itb.blogspot.com/ Persekuthuan Mahasiswa Kristen "PMK" (Christian Student Fellowship)] ** Keluarga Mahasiswa Hindhu "KMH" (Hindhu Student Society) ** Keluarga Mahasiswa Budhis "Dhammanano" (Buddhist Student Society) ** Kulawarga Donor Darah ITB "KDD" (Blood Donor Society) ** Perkumpulan Studi Ilmu Kemasyarakatan "PSIK" (Societal Study Union) ** [http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_English_Forum_ITB Student English Forum "SEF"]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ** Keluarga Mahasiswa Pencinta Alam Ganesha "KMPA" ** Pramuka ITB ** Resimen Mahasiswa Batalyon I/ITB (Student Regiment Battalion I / ITB) ** Unit Pembinaan Kewirausahaan Mahasiswa "UPKM" ** Koperasi Kesejahteraan Mahasiswa "KOKESMA" ** [http://www.boulevard.or.id/ Tabloid Mahasiswa Boulevard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422210132/http://www.boulevard.or.id/ |date=2007-04-22 }} ** Salman ITB (Karisma) ** Unit Kelompok Studi Ékonomi dan Pasar Modal (KSEP) ** Kolaborasi Studi Ilmiah Mahasiswa ITB (SICOS: Scientific Collaboration Studies) ** Kelompok Studi Sajarah Ékonomi dan Pulitik (KS-SEP) ** GaneshaTV (GTV) ** Lingkar Studi Gerakan Mahasiswa Madani (LSGMM) ** Korps Sukarela Palang Merah Indonésia (KSR-PMI) ** Lembaga Kajian dan Praksis Dhémokrasi (VERITAS) ** Kelompok Analisa dan Komunikasi Islam Strategis ** Studi Komunikasi Massa ITB ** Cendekia ITB ** Pers Mahasiswa ITB ** ITB Internet Community (COMMUNET-ITB) ** Online Game Research Group (OGRG) ** [http://genshiken.unit.itb.ac.id/ Kelompok Studi Visual Budaya Modern (Genshiken ITB)]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ** [http://ugreenitb.multiply.com/ U-green ITB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722085720/http://ugreenitb.multiply.com/ |date=2011-07-22 }} * Unit Kesenian ** [http://ukj.unit.itb.ac.id/ Unit Kebudayaan Jepang] ** Studi Teater Mahasiswa (STEMA) ** Unit Kebudayaan Acèh ** [http://lss.unit.itb.ac.id/ Lingkung Seni Sunda (LSS)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013005052/http://lss.unit.itb.ac.id/ |date=2011-10-13 }} ** [http://ukm.itb.ac.id/ Unit Kesenian Minangkabau (UKM)] ** [http://uksu.unit.itb.ac.id/ Unit Kesenian Sumatra Utara (UKSU)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312191114/http://uksu.unit.itb.ac.id/ |date=2008-03-12 }} ** [http://mgg.unit.itb.ac.id/ Maha Gotra Ganesha (MGG) ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312190423/http://mgg.unit.itb.ac.id/ |date=2008-03-12 }} ** [http://pstkjawa.unit.itb.ac.id/ Perkumpulan Seni Tari&Karawitan Jawa-ITB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904072046/http://pstkjawa.unit.itb.ac.id/ |date=2011-09-04 }} ** Paguyuban Seni Budaya Jawa Timur ** Unit Kesenian Sulawesi Selatan (UKSS) ** Kulawarga Paduan Angklung (KPA) ** [http://www.mbwg.net/frontpage/ Marching Band Waditra Ganesha (MBWG)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426005812/http://www.mbwg.net/frontpage/ |date=2011-04-26 }} ** [http://psm.unit.itb.ac.id/?page_id=2 Paduan Suara Mahasiswa (PSM-ITB)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804080926/http://psm.unit.itb.ac.id/?page_id=2 |date=2011-08-04 }} ** Unit Apres ITB ** Grup Aspresiasi Sastra ITB "GAS-ITB" ** [http://ubala.itb.ac.id/ Unit Kesenian Budaya Lampung (UBALA)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912085408/http://ubala.itb.ac.id/ |date=2011-09-12 }} ** Unit Kesenian Borneo (UKB) ** Unit Kebudayaan Betawi ** Kebudayaan Irian Jaya (UKIR) ** [http://musi.itb.ac.id Mahasiswa Bumi Sriwijaya (MUSI)] ** ITB Students Ochestra (ISO) * Unit Ulah raga ** Kendo ITB ** Unit Karate ITB ** Kyokushinkai ** Unit Yudo ITB ** Pencak Silat Tenaga Dasar Indonésia ** Unit Capoeira Quizumba ITB (UCQI) ** Unit Renang dan Polo Air (URPA) ** Unit Catur ** Unit Hoki ** Unit Basket "GANESHA" (UBG-ITB) ** Unit Bridge ** Unit Tenis ITB ** Unit Aktivitas Tenis Meja ITB (UATM ITB) ** Unit Bola Voli (UBV) ** Unit Bulu Tangkis ** Persatuan Beladiri Kempo Indonésia ** Satria Nusantara ** Perisai Diri ** Tae Kwon-Do ** Persatuan Sepak Bola ITB (PS ITB) ** Pendawa Padma ** Unit Soft Ball ** Wanadri ** Sinar Putih ** Panahan ** Tri Eka Dharma Margaluyu "313" ** Tarung Drajat (Boxer) ** Bela Diri Hikmatul Iman ** Bridge (UAB) ** Aikido ** Aerokreasi ** [http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=994627&op=1&o=global&view=global&subj=1451291274&id=1078967531#!/group.php?gid=49321944735&ref=ts Ganesha Bicycler] * Himpunan mahasiswa Program Studi ** HMFT ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Fisika Teknik) *** http://skullers.tf.itb.ac.id {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904035611/http://skullers.tf.itb.ac.id/ |date=2011-09-04 }} *** http://hmft.tf.itb.ac.id {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110729073358/http://hmft.tf.itb.ac.id/ |date=2011-07-29 }} *** http://avantgarde.tf.itb.ac.id {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112120951/http://avantgarde.tf.itb.ac.id/ |date=2012-01-12 }} ** HIMAFI ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Fisika) ** [http://hmp.pl.itb.ac.id HMP PANGRIPTA LOKA ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Planologi Pangripta Loka) ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913140102/http://hmp.pl.itb.ac.id/ |date=2011-09-13 }} ** [http://hmif.itb.ac.id HMIF ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817002906/http://hmif.itb.ac.id/ |date=2011-08-17 }} ** [http://himpunan.ee.itb.ac.id HME ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Elektroteknik) ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808124704/http://himpunan.ee.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-08-08 }} ** [http://img.gd.itb.ac.id IMG ITB (Ikatan Mahasiswa Geodesi) ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212035741/http://img.gd.itb.ac.id/ |date=2007-12-12 }} ** [http://himastron.as.itb.ac.id HIMASTRON ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Astronomi)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411022531/http://himastron.as.itb.ac.id/ |date=2010-04-11 }} ** [http://hmt.mining.itb.ac.id HMT ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Tambang) ] ** [http://hms.si.itb.ac.id HMS ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Sipil)] ** HMTM PATRA ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Perminyakan) ** HMME Atmosphaira (Himpunan Mahasiswa Meteorologi) ITB ** HMO TRITON (Himpunan Mahasiswa Oseanografi) ITB ** HMTL ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Lingkungan) ** [http://www.himatekitb.com HIMATEK ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Kimia)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825051211/http://www.himatekitb.com/ |date=2011-08-25 }} ** [http://mti.ti.itb.ac.id MTI ITB (Keluarga Mahasiswa Teknik Industri)Avanti MTI ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902060712/http://mti.ti.itb.ac.id/ |date=2011-09-02 }} ** [http://web.himatika-itb.or.id HIMATIKA ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Matematika)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713103359/http://web.himatika-itb.or.id/ |date=2011-07-13 }} ** [http://amisca.chem.itb.ac.id HMK AMISCA ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Kimia)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720143548/http://amisca.chem.itb.ac.id/ |date=2011-07-20 }} ** [http://ima-g.ar.itb.ac.id IMA-G (Ikatan Mahasiswa Arsitektur - Gunadharma) ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628150744/http://ima-g.ar.itb.ac.id/ |date=2011-06-28 }} ** HMM ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Mesin) ** KMPN ITB (Keluarga Mahasiswa Teknik Penerbangan) ** MTM ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Material) ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20110903025541/http://hmf.fa.itb.ac.id/ HMF 'Ars Praeparandi' ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Farmasi)] ** HIMASITH NYMPHAEA ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati, "Nymphaea") ** HIMATG TERRA ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Geofisika) ** KMSR ITB (Keluarga Mahasiswa Seni Rupa) ** [http://gea.itb.ac.id HMTG "GEA" ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Géologi "GEA" ITB)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109202356/http://gea.itb.ac.id/ |date=2012-01-09 }} ** KM-SBM (Keluarga Mahasiswa SBM) ** IMMG ITB (Ikatan Mahasiswa Metalurgi ITB) ** [http://gea.itb.ac.id HMTG "GEA" ITB (Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Géologi "GEA" ITB)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109202356/http://gea.itb.ac.id/ |date=2012-01-09 }} ** [http://kmkl.ocean.itb.ac.id KMKL ITB (Keluarga Mahasiswa teknik Kelautan ITB)]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Alumni == * [[Abdullah Puteh]], Mantan Gubernur Nanggroe Acèh Darrusalam * [[Al Aziz Abbie Roossano]], pengusaha * [[Afrizal ssi.]], pengusaha * [[Aburizal Bakrie]], [[Menko Kesra]], pengusaha terkaya Indonésia 2007 * [[Al Hilal Hamdi]], Mantan Mantri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi * [[Alvin Anderson]], Analis keuangan RI, Direktur Utama Exxon Indonésia * [[Aming]], Komedian Lokal * [[Arifin Panigoro]], Anggota [[DPR]], Pemilik [[Medco Group]] * [[Azwar Anas]], mantan Mantri Koordinator Kesejahteraan Rakyat, mantan Gubernur Sumatera Barat * [[Armein Z R Langi]], Kepala Pusat Penelitian Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi ITB (PPTIK-ITB) * [[Bambang Harymurti]], Mantan Pemimpin Redaksi TEMPO * [[Bambang Hidayat]], Astronom Dunia * [[Bambang Subianto]], Mantan Mantri Keuangan * [[Betti Alisjahbana]], CEO IBM Indonésia * [http://budi.insan.co.id/ Budi Rahardjo], nimpuna ''IT-Security'' Indonésia, kolumnis Majalah Info Linux * [[BJ Habibie]], [[Présidhèn RI]] ke-3, Ahli Teknik Penerbangan * [[Cacuk Sudarijanto]], Mantan Direktur [[Indosat]], Direktur Utama [[Telkom]] dan mantan Kepala [[BPPN]] * [[Ciputra]], Pengusaha * [[Dian Angreniwati Soerarso]], Direktur Bank Niaga * [[Djuanda Kartawidjaja]], Mantan [[Nayakotama|Nayakotama Indonésia]] * [[Dimitri Mahayana]], Dosen ITB, Pengusaha * [[Eddie Widiono]], Mantan Direktur Utama [[PLN]] * [[Erna Witoelar]], Mantan Mantri Pemukiman & Prasarana Wewengkon * [[Enda Nasution]], Penulis * [[Fadel Muhammad]], Mantri Kelautan dan Perikanan * [[Fariz RM]], musisi * [[Ginandjar Kartasasmita]], Ketua DPD * [[Giri Suseno Hadihardjono]], mantan Mantri Perhubungan Indonésia * [[Gito Rollies]], penyanyi dan aktor * [[Hans Wospakrik]], Fisikawan * [[Harijono Djojodihardjo]], Mantan Ketua [[LAPAN]] * [[Harry Roesli]], musisi, politisi, budayawan * [[Hartono Rekso Dharsono]]. Mantan Pangdam Siliwangi, tokoh [[Petisi 50]] * [[Hartarto Sastrosoenarto]], Mantan Mantri Perindustrian * [[Hasnul Suhaimi]], Direktur Utama PT XL Axiata * [[Hatta Rajasa]], [[Mantri Koordinator babagan Perékonomian]] * [[Herman Johannes]], Mantan Mantri Pekerjaan Umum, Mantan Rektor [[Universitas Gadjah Mada]] * [[Hilmi Panigoro]], Pengusaha * [[Hokky Situngkir]], Ilmuwan * [[Indra Herlambang]], Artis * [[Istiqlal]],pengusaha * [[Jero Wacik]], [[Mantri Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Républik Indonésia|Mantri Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata]] * [[Joko Anwar]], penulis naskah filem * [[Jusman Syafii Djamal]], Mantan Direktur Utama PT DI, Mantri Perhubungan * [[Karlina Leksono]], Astronom * [[Kuntoro Mangkusubroto]], [[Ketua Unit Kerja Présidhèn Babagan Pengawasan dan Pengendalian Pembangunan]] * [[Kusmayanto Kadiman]], Mantan [[Mantri Nagara Riset dan Teknologi Républik Indonésia|Mantri Nagara Riset dan Teknologi]] * [[Laksamana Sukardi]], Mantan [[Mantri Nagara Badan Usaha Milik Nagara Républik Indonésia|Mantri Nagara BUMN]] * [[Luluk Sumiarso]], Deputi ESDM * [[Muslimin Nasution]], Mantan [[Mantri Kehutanan Républik Indonésia|Mantri Kehutanan]] dan Ketua [[ICMI]] * [[Nabiel Makarim]], Mantan Mantri Nagara Lingkungan Hidup (2 semester di FIKTM ITB) * [[Onno W Purbo]], nimpuna tèknologi informasi dan tokoh [[Sumber terbuka]] Indonésia * [[Pantur Silaban]], Fisikawan * [[Pangeran M. Noor]], Mantan Mantri Pekerjaan Umum, Mantan Gubernur Kalimantan * [[Pater Drost]], Rohaniwan, Pakar pendidikan * [[Pramono Anung]], Mantan Ketua HMT ITB, Pulitikus,Sekjen PDI-P * [[Purnomo Yusgiantoro]], [[Mantri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Républik Indonésia|Mantri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral]] * [[Rachmat Witoelar]], Mantan Mantri Nagara Lingkungan Hidup * [[Raden Pardede]], Komisaris Bank Central Asia * [[Revantino]], Seniman, Budayawan * [[Rinaldi Firmansyah]], Direktur Utama PT Telkom * [[Rizal Ramli]], Mantan Menko Perékonomian * [[Rozik Boedioro Soetjipto]], mantan Mantri Nagara Pekerjaan Umum * [[Said Djauharsjah Jenie]], Ketua [[BPPT]] * [[Salahuddin Wahid]], Rohaniwan, Politisi * [[Samaun Samadikun]], Profesor, Guru Besar di Babagan (Mikro) Elektronika, Mantan Direktur [[PAUME Pusat Mikroelektronika]] * [[Sanyoto Sastrowardoyo]], Mantan Mantri Nagara Investasi, Kepala BKPM * [[Sarwono Kusumaatmadja]], Anggota DPD, Mantan Mantri Nagara Pendayagunaan Aparatur Nagara * [[Sedyatmo]], Penemu Pondasi Cakar Ayam * [[Siswono Yudo Husodo]], Mantan Mantri Perumahan Rakyat * [[Soekarno]], [[Présidhèn RI]] pertama * [[Sri Bintang Pamungkas]], Politisi * [[Sudjiwo Tedjo]], Seniman, Budayawan * [[Suhono Harso Supangkat]] Staf Ahli Menkominfo * [[Syafruddin Arsjad Temenggung]], Mantan Kepala BPPN * [[Taufik Akbar]], Ahli Satelit * [[Tjia May On]], Fisikawan * [[Tjokorda Raka Sukawati]], Ahli Konstruksi * [[Tri Haryo Susilo]], CEO PT Rekayasa Industri * [[Wimar Witoelar]], Pengamat Sosial & Pulitik * [[Winardi Sutantyo]], Astronom * [[Wiranto Arismunandar]], Mantan Mantri Pendidikan & Kebudayaan * [[Wiratman Wangsadinata]], Ahli Konstruksi * [[Wiyoto Wiyono]], Ahli Konstruksi * [[Yusuf Bilyarta Mangunwijaya]], rohaniwan, novelis, aktivis HAM * [[Zuhal]], mantan Mantri Riset & Teknologi, mantan Dirut PLN {{PTN ing Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Institut Teknologi Bandung| ]] [[Kategori:Perguruan tinggi nagari ing Jawa Kulon|Teknologi Bandung, Institut]] [[Kategori:Perguruan tinggi ing Jawa Kulon]] [[Kategori:Arsitèktur Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Wangunan Walanda ing Indonésia]] {{Indo-perti-stub}} 6fpb2sikarr8jmr8xm7z73nv51aigw1 Clorot 0 67911 1759891 1641660 2026-11-05T13:13:55Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Clorot|image=Cerorot.jpg|image_size=240px|caption=''Cerorot'', sweets made of coconut milk and rice flour wrapped in coconut leaves; sold in Bali.|alternate_name=''Celorot, cerorot, jelurut''|country=[[Indonesia]]|region=[[Java]] and Nationwide in Indonesia, also popular in [[Maritime Southeast Asia]]|creator=|course=|type=[[Snack]] ([[Kue]]/[[Kuih]])|served=|main_ingredient=[[Rice flour]], [[coconut milk]], wrapped with young coconut leaf|variations=|calories=|other=}}'''Clorot''', '''celorot''', '''cerorot''', utawa '''jelurut''' minangka cemilan ( ''[[Kuwé|kue]]'' utawa ''[[kuih]]'' ) tradisional [[Kuwé|Indonesia]] saka kue tepung legi lan empuk karo santen, dibungkus karo ''janur'' utawa godhong [[Krambil|klapa]] enom kanthi bentuk kerucut. <ref name="Femina">{{Cite web|url=http://www.femina.co.id/kuliner/info.kuliner/dari.celorot.sampai.engkak.ketan/004/002/365|title=Dari Celorot Sampai Engkak Ketan|publisher=Femina|language=Indonesian|access-date=19 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030654/http://www.femina.co.id/kuliner/info.kuliner/dari.celorot.sampai.engkak.ketan/004/002/365|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Iki minangka cemilan manis tradisional sing umum ditemokake ing [[Masakan Indonésia|Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]] lan [[Brunéi Darussalam|Brunei]] . <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UVJ1XW7L6CkC&pg=PA127|title=Beraraklah awan pilu|last=Abd. Latip Talib|publisher=Utusan Publications|year=2006|isbn=978-967-61-1899-8|pages=127–|language=Malay|access-date=17 August 2013}}</ref> Ing [[Jawa]], iki dikenal kanthi jeneng ''clorot'' utawa ''celorot'', lan umume digandhengake karo ''jajan pasar'' tradisional Jawa (munchies pasar). <ref name="Femina" /> <ref name="sajian">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sajiansedap.com/recipe/detail/5179/clorotjawa#.VYNDKlK6LIU|title=Clorot (Jawa)|date=15 December 2010|publisher=Sajian Sedap|language=Indonesian|access-date=19 June 2015|archive-date=28 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128154858/http://www.sajiansedap.com/recipe/detail/5179/clorotjawa#.VYNDKlK6LIU|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing [[Bali|Pulo Bali]] lan [[Lombok|Lombok ing]] Indonesia, diarani ''cerorot'' . Ing Brunei lan ing negara - negara Malaysia [[Sabah]], iki dikenal minangka ''jelurut'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sabah.gov.my/pd.ppr/kebudayaan.htm|title=Kebudayaan (Brunei)|publisher=Papar District Office|language=Malay|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041026035455/http://www.sabah.gov.my/pd.ppr/kebudayaan.htm|archive-date=26 October 2004|access-date=17 August 2013}}</ref> == Bahan lan cara masak == ''Cara masak panganan iki ya kuwi Gula jawa'' ( [[Gula jawa|gula aren]] ), godhong pandan, uyah lan banyu digodhog nganti rampung lan dicampur karo [[santen]] . Cairan manis iki banjur diwutahake menyang [[glepung beras]] lan [[sagu]] utawa tepung [[Glepung kanji|tapioka]], lan dicampur rata. Godhong ''janur'' utawa klapa enom digulung dadi kerucut dawa, padha karo trompet cilik, diamanake lan ditata mujur. Adonan legi-cair cair banjur diiseni ing kerucut godhong klapa iki nganti telung prapat diisi. Banjur bagean sisih ndhuwur diisi karo campuran santen, tepung beras lan uyah. Kerucut sing diiseni banjur [[Kukus|dikukus]] udakara 15 menit nganti adonan ing jero kerucut dimasak lan dikencengi. <ref name="sajian"/> == Referensi == 8gfc3dvg4lu6q0ycy9f7s4du8lhaxke Kursi 0 67928 1760208 1729395 2026-11-06T07:31:03Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760208 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chair.jpg|thumb|250px]] '''Kursi''' utawa '''dhampar''' iku piranti kang kanggo lungguh. Lumrahé kursi nduwéni sikil cacahé papat. Ana uga kursi kang duwé sikil siji ing tengah, ya iku kursi ''barstool''. Lumrahé kursi duwé sèndènan lan pancikan kanggo sikil ing ngisor. Jinisé dideleng saka bahané antawis kursi kang digawé saka kayu, plastik utawa wesi. Miturut kagunaané kursi dipérang dadi sawatara jinis, antawis: [[kursi tamu]], [[kursi goyang]], [[kursi rodha]], [[kursi listrik]] lan sapanunggalané. Sajinis kursi sing wujudé dawa diarani bangku. Bangku iki wujudé dawa lan isa dilungguhi wong loro utawa luwih. Lumrahé bangku dianggo prabot ing ruang tunggu, taman utawa [[pekarangan]]. == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.humanics-es.com/ergonomics.htm#Sitting Ergonomics of sitting postures and seating] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310233723/http://humanics-es.com/ergonomics.htm#Sitting |date=2007-03-10 }} * [http://www.arm-chairs-arm.com/what-is-an-armchair.aspx What is an armchair] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816001219/http://www.arm-chairs-arm.com/what-is-an-armchair.aspx |date=2009-08-16 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110203092532/http://foldingchairstation.com/folding-chairs-what-are-they/ The versatile folding chairs] * [http://samudera-furniture.com/ Office Furniture Store] [[Kategori:Prabot]] {{stub}} glg358tsorol5jmfdpidg207bpchfzt Kutha Subulussalam 0 68022 1760211 1657307 2026-11-06T07:38:45Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dati2 | nama=Kutha Subulussalam | provinsi=[[Acèh]] | luas=1.391 km² | penduduk=60.298 <ref>http://www.nad.go.id/uploadfiles/PENDUDUK/PENDUDUKBULANJUNI_08.pdf</ref> | kepadatan=44 | kacamatan=5 | kalurahan=74 | kodearea=0627 | apbd=- | lambang=[[Gambar:Lambang_Kota_Subulussalam.png|80px]] | peta=[[Gambar:Lokasi Aceh Kota Subulussalam.svg|300px]] | koordinat= | dhasar hukum=[http://www.depdagri.go.id/konten.php?nama=ProdukHukum&op=detail_hukum&id=626 UU No. 8 Tahun 2007] | tanggal=[[2 Januari]] [[2007]] | motto=[[Sada Kata]] | kepala laladan=[[Walikota]] | nama kepala laladan= Merah Sakti Kombih, SH | web=- }} {{coor title dm|2|43|N|97|55|E|region:ID-AC_type:adm2nd|display=title}} '''Kutha Subulussalam''' iku siji [[kutha]] ing provinsi [[Acèh]], [[Indonésia]]. Kutha iki diwangun miturut Undhang-Undhang Nomer 8 Taun 2007, tanggal [[2 Januari]] [[2007]]. Kutha iki minangka pamekaran saka [[Kabupatèn Acèh Singkil]]. == Géografi == === Wates-wates wewengkon === {{Batas USBT | lor=[[Lawe Alas, Acèh Tenggara|Kacamatan Lawe Alas]], [[Kabupatèn Acèh Kidul-wétan]] lan [[Kabupatèn Dairi]], [[Sumatra Lor]] | kidul=[[Singkohor, Acèh Singkil|Kacamatan Singkohor]] lan [[Suro Baru, Acèh Singkil|Suro Baru]], [[Kabupatèn Acèh Singkil]] | wétan=[[Kabupatèn Dairi]] lan [[Kabupatèn Pakpak Bharat]], [[Sumatra Lor]] | kulon=[[Trumon, Acèh Kidul|Kacamatan Trumon]] lan [[Trumon Wétan, Acèh Kidul|Trumon Wétan]], [[Kabupatèn Acèh Kidul]] }} == Walikutha == # H. lamat, SE (PJ Walikota) # Drs. H. Marthin Desky, MM (PJ Walikota) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://subulussalam.co.cc/2008/07/07/marthin-deski-dilantik-jadi-pj-walikota-subulussalam/ |title=''Marthin Desky Dilantik Menjadi PJ Walikota Subulussalam'' |access-date=2011-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251226005514/http://subulussalam.co.cc/2008/07/07/marthin-deski-dilantik-jadi-pj-walikota-subulussalam/ |archive-date=2025-12-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> # Merah Sakti Kombih, SH (walikota)-H. Affan Alfian Bintang, SE (wakil walikota) == Uga delengen == * [[Kabupatèn Acèh Singkil]] == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == http://blog.subulussalam.net {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326234434/http://blog.subulussalam.net/ |date=2010-03-26 }} http://subulussalam.co.cc * [http://tarumon.blogspot.com/2007/03/subulussalam-kota-baru.html ''Pamaréntah Diminta Bijak Tetapkan Pj. Walikota Subulussalam''. WASPADA Online, 15 Maret 2007] {{Kutha Subulussalam}} {{Acèh}} [[Kategori:Kutha ing Acèh|Subulussalam]] [[Kategori:Kutha ing Indonésia|Subulussalam]] [[Kategori:Kutha Subulussalam| ]] {{Indo-geo-stub}} 5wuh2mc64pbfcbio2rq9n1eid9swd2d Kapuloan Galapagos 0 69686 1760144 1720600 2026-11-06T04:17:31Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760144 wikitext text/x-wiki {| {{prettytable}} align="right" width=280 | colspan="2" align=center bgcolor="#000000"style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"| <div style="color:black;font-weight:bold;font-size:150%;">Situs Warisan Donya UNESCO </div><div style="color:black;font-weight:bold;">The World Heritage</div> |- ! colspan="2" align=center bgcolor="#aaaaaa"style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|[[Gambar:Galapagos-satellite-2002.jpg|270px|Kapuloan Galapagos]] |- |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|'''Jeneng''' |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|Kapuloan Galapagos |- |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|(Jeneng Inggris) |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|''Galapagos Islands'' |- |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|(Jeneng Prancis) |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|''Iles Galapagos'' |- |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|'''Nagara''' |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|[[Ekuador]] |- |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|'''Wiyar''' |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|7.665,14&nbsp;km² |- |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|'''Kriteria''' |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|(i), (ii), (iii), (iv) |- |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|'''Didhaftaraké''' |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|[[1978]] |- |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|'''''Diperpanjang''''' |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|[[2001]] |- |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|'''Situs web''' |style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"|[http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=1 Situs UNESCO] |} [[Gambar:Tour of the Galapagos.OGG|right|thumb|277px| Kapuloan Galápagos]] '''Kapuloan Galápagos''' utawa '''Galapagos''' waé iku nagara [[kapuloan]] kang kapérang saka 13 pulo-pulo mawa geni lan wewaton kang ana ing [[Samodra Pasifik]] watara 1.000 kilomèter sisih kulon pasisir [[Amérika Kidul]]. Sacara pulitis, Galapagos wujud péranganing [[Ekuador]]. Pulo paling tuwané umuré watara 4 yuta taun lan kang paling enom isih sajeroning prosès pambentukan. Galapagos pancèn wujud salah siji laladan [[gunung geni]] kang paling aktif ing donya. Galapagos misuwur amarga gunggung [[spésies endemis]]é kang gedhé lan panlitèn kang dilakokaké déning [[Charles Darwin]] kang nggawa panjenengané nemu téyori [[selèksi alam]]. Kapuloan iki dipérang dadi rong wilahan: lor lan kidul [[khatulistiwa]]. Garis khatulistiwa ngliwati pérangan lor pulo gedhé dhéwé, Isabela. Galapagos dikukuhaké minangka [[cagar alam]] taun [[1959]], ngreksa 97,5% wewengkon kapuloan iki. Sisané diwènèhaké marang pamukiman manungsa kang wis ana wektu iku. Watara 1.000 nganti 2.000 wong manggon ing kana. Taun [[1972]] sawijining sènsus dilakokaké lan 3.488 jiwa kacathet. Tekan taun [[1980-an]], gunggung iki wis mundhak nganti 15.000 wong. Taun [[1986]] lautan ing saubengé ditélakaké minangka [[cadhangan kalautan]]. [[UNESCO]] ngukuhaké Galapagos minangka [[Situs Warisan Donya UNESCO|Situs Warisan Donya]] taun [[1978]] kang banjur ''diperpanjang'' nalika Dhésèmber [[2001]] kanggo nglebokaké wewengkon cadhangan kalautan. Yayasan Charles Darwin kang didhèdikasikaké kanggo njaga kapuloan iki diyasa ing [[Bèlgi]] taun [[1959]]. Spesies kang wigati kalebu: * [[Iguana]] dharat, ''Conolophus subcristatus'' * Iguana laut, ''Amblyrhynchus cristatus'' (siji-sijiné jinis iguana kang mangan panganan saka laut) * [[Bulus]] Raksasa Galapgos, ''Geochelone elephantopus'', ditepungi minangka Galápago sajeroning [[basa Spanyol]], iku kéwan kang dadi asal jeneng kapuloan iki. * 13 spésies endemis [[kutilang|manuk kutilang]]. * [[Pinguin Galapagos]], ''Spheniscus mendiculus'' * [[Manuk laut]] kang ora mabur, ''Nannopterum harrisi'' == Pulo-pulo == Jeneng pulo-pulo gedhé ing Kapuloan Galapagos ya iku: * San Cristóbal * Española * Santa Fé * Genovesa * Floreana * South Plaza * Santa Cruz * Baltra * North Seymour * Marchena * Pinzón * Rábida * Bartolomé * Santiago * Pinta * Isabela * Fernandina * Wolf * Darwin <gallery> File:Galapagos giant tortoise Geochelone elephantopus.jpg| File:Gigantic Turtle on the Island of Santa Cruz in the Galapagos.JPG| File:Side angle shot of a gigantic galapagos turtle on the island of santa cruz.JPG| File:A gigantic galapagos tortuga on the island of santa cruz.JPG| File:Gigantic galapagos turtle on the island of santa cruz.JPG| File:Galápagos tortoise - Chelonoidis nigra on the Santa Cruz Island - Galapagos.jpeg| File:The Galápagos tortoise or Galápagos giant tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra) - Santa Cruz Island.jpeg| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve Galápagos tortoise.JPG|(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. a.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. b.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. c.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. d.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. e.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. f.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. g.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. h.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. i.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. j.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. k.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. l.JPG File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. m.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. q.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. r.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. s.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. t.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. u.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. v.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. w.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. x.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. y.JPG| File:(Chelonoidis nigra) El Chato Reserve, Santa Cruz Galapagos )pic. z.JPG| </gallery> == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category|Galápagos Islands}} * [http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/nt/nt1307_full.html Artikel ing WorldWildLife.org] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110108172116/http://galapagos-islands.net/ Galapagos-Islands.net] * [http://www.darwinadventure.com/galapagos-facts.htm Kapuloan Galapagos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715141925/http://www.darwinadventure.com/galapagos-facts.htm |date=2006-07-15 }} [[Kategori:Kapuloan Galapagos| ]] [[Kategori:Situs Warisan Donya]] [[Kategori:Tèktonik lempeng]] acspt4mdlqiurzgpubvg1vsrx6tl420 Gunungan 0 70764 1760005 1750573 2026-11-05T20:39:05Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760005 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wajangfiguur van karbouwenhuid voorstellende een pauzeteken TMnr 4551-27.jpg|thumb|250px| Gunungan]] '''Gunungan''' inggih punika gambar [[wayang]] ingkang wujudipun kados [[gunung]].<ref name="buku1">Hardjowirogo. (1982). ''Sajarah Wayang Purwa''. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka</ref><ref name="internet1">{{cite web |url=http://www.oneearthmedia.net/ind/?p=271 |title=''Makna Gunungan'' |author=Triwidodo |date=23 November 2008 |publisher=OneEarthMedia |accessdate=5 Maret 2011 |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628180002/http://www.oneearthmedia.net/ind/?p=271 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Salebetipun gunungan wonten gambar lawang kados déné [[gerbang]], ingkang dipunjagi déning buta cacah kalih cepengan [[gada]] lan [[tébéng]].<ref name="internet1"/> Gunungan ing [[wayang|pawayangan]] ugi asring sinebat '''Kayon'''.<ref name="internet1"/> Sanésipun gunungan punika nggambaraken karajan, gunungan ugi kanggé pratandha giyaran [[wayang]] badhé dipunwiwiti.<ref name="buku1"/> Gunungan utawi kayon wiwitanipun dipunripta déning [[Radèn Patah]].<ref name="internet2"/> Winastan gunungan amargi wujudipun mèmper gunung limrahipun.<ref name="internet2"/> Gambar wayang punika dipun-ginakaken saben pagelaran wayang ([[wayang purwa]], [[Wayang Krucil|wayang krucil]], [[wayang golèk]], [[wayang gedhog]], [[wayang suluh]], lan sanèsipun).<ref name="internet2">{{cite web |url=http://wayangprabu.com/galeri-wayang/kayongunungan/ |title=''Kayon/Gunungan'', Budaya Wayang "World Masterpiece" |author= |year= |publisher=Media Berbagi Paguyuban Pecinta Wayang |accessdate=28 April 2011 |archive-date=28 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528182939/http://wayangprabu.com/galeri-wayang/kayongunungan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Jinisipun Gunungan == Mituhu wujudipun, gunungan utawi kayon saged dipunpérang dados kalih, inggih punika: * Kayon Gapuran, wujudipun radi alit kanthi gambar [[gapura]].<ref name="internet2"/> Sisih kiwa tengenipun dipunjagi déning buta utawi raseksa. Sisih wingking kayon wonten gambaran utawi wewujudan [[geni]] warna abrit.<ref name="internet2"/> * Kayon Blumbangan, wujudipun radi ageng lan langkung endhèp upami dipunbandhingaken kaliyan kayon gapuran.<ref name="internet2"/> Sisih ngandhapipun wonten gambar kolam kanthi toya wening, samadyanipun kayon wonten gambar [[iwak|ulam]] cacahipun kalih ingkang sami adhep-adhepan, lan sisih wingkingipun wonten gambar sagara ingkang warninipun sami kaliyan warni langit.<ref name="internet2"/> == Gambar Salebetipun Gunungan == Sedaya gambar ing salebetipun gunungan inggih punika: * griya éndah kanthi undhag-undhagan ingkang cacahipun tiga lan korinipun dipunrengga gambaripun Bethara [[Kamajaya]] ingkang adhep-adhepan kaliyan [[Dèwi Ratih]], * buta utawi raseksa ingkang sami adhep-adhepan, kanthi mbekta gada utawi pedhang jangkep kaliyan taméngipun, * naga ingkang ngghadhahi swiwi kalih, * alas ingkang dipunrengga déning para kéwan, * [[macan]] ingkang adhep-adhepan kaliyan [[banthèng]], * wit-witan ageng ing tengahipun alas, dipunubeti déning sawer, * makara ing tengahipun wit, * [[kethèk]] cacahipun kalih lan [[lutung]] ingkang mapan ing wit, * [[pitik alas]] cacah kalih ing sanginggilipun wit-witan.<ref name="internet2"/> == Ginanipun Gunungan == [[Gambar:Wayang Kulit Indonésia, Yogyakarta.jpg|235px|thumb|Gunungan ing pagelaran wayang gagrag [[Yogyakarta]].]] Gambar-gambar salebetipun gunungan nggambaraken saisining jagad raya jangkep kaliyan isinipun. Gunungan ing pagelaran [[wayang]] gadhah jejer ingkang wigati.<ref name="internet2"/> * Minangka tandha pagelaran wayang badhé dipunwiwiti, inggih nalikanipun gunungan dipunbedhol ing tengah-tengahipun [[kelir]], lajeng dipuntancepaken ing sisih tengen. * Minangka tandha gantosipun jejer lan ugi dipun-ginakaken [[dhalang]] kanggé nggambaraken owah-owahanipun swasana. * Minangka tandha gantosipun [[pathet]]. * Nggambaraken tumuruning wahyu saking déwa, angin, lan sanèsipun. * Nggambaraken geni, inggih punika kanthi malik gunungan ingkang sisihipun gadhah gambar geni. * Minangka sarana dhalang anggènipun nggambaraken medalipun kekiyataning paraga wayang. * Minangka tandha purnanipun pagelaran [[wayang]], kanthi nancepaken gunungan ing tengah-tengahipun [[kelir]]. == Werdinipun Gunungan == Gunungan saged dipunmaknani:<ref name="internet3">{{cite web |url=http://setyawara.webnode.com/news/makna-kayon-atau-gunungan/ |title=''Makna Gunungan atau Kayon'' |author=Setya Amrih Prasaja, S.S |date=27 Juni 2009 |publisher=E - Learning Basa Jawa di SMA Negeri 1 Sanden, Kabupatèn Bantul - DIY |accessdate=28 April 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100905193506/http://setyawara.webnode.com/news/makna-kayon-atau-gunungan/ |archivedate=2010-09-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Gunungan saged dipunmaknani minangka lambang pancer, inggih punika jiwa utawi sukma.<ref name="internet3"/> Kajawi punika, wujudipun ingkang wujud wajik (''segitiga'') gadhah teges [[manungsa]] punika gadhah unsur cipta, rasa, lan karsa. Lambang gambar pesagi (''segiempat'') ngemu werdi, manungsa gadhah sekawan sadhérék. Sadhérék kasebat inggih punika (1) [[lemah|siti]], (2) [[geni]], (3) [[toya]], lan (4) hawa utawi [[angin]].<ref name="internet3"/> * Gunungan minangka lambang alam ing pawayangan. Mituhu kapitayanipun [[Hindhu]], segi makrokosmos gunungan ingkang dipunputer-puteraken kaliyan dhalang, ngetingalaken campuhipun sadaya piranti dados satunggal. Salajengipun, samudayanipun dados wewujudan donya saisinipun.<ref name="internet3"/> * Gunungan ngadhahi werdi, minangka tandha panguripan. Saben gambar ing gunungan, ngetingalaken saisining piranti ing sajeroning jagad. Wiwit saking manungsa, [[kéwan]], alas, lan samudayanipun.<ref name="internet4"/> Wujud gunungan wujud limas (''segilima''), nggambaraken gangsal wekdal ingkang kedah dipunlampahaken déning manungsa [[muslim]]. Wujud lancip punika gadhah werdi gandhéng cénéng antawisipun manungsa kaliyan gustinipun.<ref name="internet4"/> Gambar wit minangka pratandha ingkang mbabaraken digdayanipun Gusti Ingkang Maha Wikan, ingkang sampun maringi pangayoman dhumateng sadaya titah ing ngalam donya.<ref name="internet4"/> Sedaya kéwan ingkang karipta ing gunungan gadhah 3 (tigang) teges, (1) sipat, (2) bebudén, lan (3) watek, ingkang dipungadhahi saben manungsa.<ref name="internet4"/> Gambar sirah raseksa utawi buta nggambaraken kaanan manungsa ingkang gesangipun ing ngalam donya gadhah sipat rakus lan awon kados [[sétan]].<ref name="internet4"/> Gambar ilu-ilu [[geni]] nggambaraken lampahipun gesang manungsa karidhu déning manéka warna godha, coba, bebaya, lan sanès-sanèsipun.<ref name="internet4"/> Gambar sagara ngemu pratandha ingkang njléntrehaken pikiranipun manungsa.<ref name="internet4"/> Gambar buta nyepeng gada gadhah werdi panjagining rasa ing ngalam peteng lan padhang.<ref name="internet4"/> Gambar [[Omah Joglo|Joglo]] mbabaraken kahananipun nagari ingkang aman lan tenterem, awit sampun kinayoman déning ngrembakanipun wit-witan lan isén-isén sanèsipun.<ref name="internet4"/> Gambar raseksa minangka lambangipun manungsa ingkang kirang tata.<ref name="internet4">{{cite web |url=http://eprints.umm.ac.id/8567/ |title=''Simbolisme Dalam Ukiran Gunungan "Kayon" Wayang Kulit (Telaah Semiotika Budaya)'' |author=Eko Stiyono |year=2007 |publisher=UMM Institutional Repository, University Of Muhammadiyah Malang |format=PDF |accessdate=29 April 2011 |archive-date=11 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011071253/http://eprints.umm.ac.id/8567/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * [http://wayangprabu.com/galeri-wayang/kayongunungan/ '''Kayon / Gunungan'''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528182939/http://wayangprabu.com/galeri-wayang/kayongunungan/ |date=2011-05-28 }} * [http://filsafat.kompasiana.com/2011/06/19/filosofi-gunungan-wayang-kulit/ ''Filosofi Gunungan Wayang Kulit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622202025/http://filsafat.kompasiana.com/2011/06/19/filosofi-gunungan-wayang-kulit |date=2011-06-22 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100905193506/http://setyawara.webnode.com/news/makna-kayon-atau-gunungan/ ''Makna Kayon atau Gunungan''] * [http://www.oneearthmedia.net/ind/?p=271 ''Makna Gunungan dalam Pagelaran Wayang Kulit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628180002/http://www.oneearthmedia.net/ind/?p=271 |date=2022-06-28 }} * [http://www.pantheon.org/articles/k/kayon.html '''Kayon'''] [[Kategori:Wayang]] [[Kategori:Paraga Wayang]] [[Kategori:Artikel mawa basa krama]] m1zhokbwtq57wuac54o1m93s8prdov2 Évora 0 70961 1760051 1759840 2026-11-05T23:09:16Z Kent Wang 74942 Nambah kothak info nganggo gambar Wikidata lan katrangan; Ngganti galeri nganggo versi terjemahan saka basa Portugis 1760051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Évora | image_skyline = {{#property:P18}} | image_caption = [[:pt:Templo romano de Évora|Candhi Romawi ing Évora]], kanthi [[:pt:Sé Catedral de Évora|Katedral Évora]] (ing sisih tengen mburi) lan [[:pt:Palácio dos Duques de Cadaval (Évora)#Igreja de São João Evangelista|Gréja São João Evangelista]] (ing sisih kiwa) }} [[Gambar:LocalEvora.svg|ka|175px]] '''Évora''' wujud [[kutha]] sing ana ing [[Portugal]] pérangan tengah. Pendhudhuké gunggunggé 56.000 jiwa ([[2005]]). Évora wujud [[Situs Warisan Donya UNESCO]]. == Galeri == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Views from Igreja de São Francisco (Évora) 47.jpg|[[:pt:Igreja de São Francisco (Évora)|Pemandhangan Évora saka Gréja São Francisco]] File:Main facade of Sé Catedral de Évora 98.jpg|[[:pt:Sé Catedral de Évora|Katedral Évora]] File:Praça do Giraldo 72.jpg|[[:pt:Praça do Giraldo|Praça do Giraldo, alun-alun utama Évora]] File:Facade of Igreja de São Francisco (Évora) 34.jpg|[[:pt:Igreja de São Francisco (Évora)|Gréja São Francisco]] File:Capela dos Ossos 50.jpg|[[:pt:Capela dos Ossos|Njero Kapèl Balung ing Gréja São Francisco]] File:Paços de Évora 61.jpg|[[:pt:Paço Real de Évora|Kedhaton Karajan Évora]] File:Coreto de Évora 58.jpg|Paviliun musik ing taman umum File:EvoraUniversityCourtyard.jpg|[[:pt:Universidade de Évora|Plataran Universitas Évora]] File:Interior of Igreja dos Lóios 81.jpg|[[:pt:Palácio dos Duques de Cadaval (Évora)#Igreja de São João Evangelista|Njero Gréja São João Evangelista (Gréja Lóios) kang dipaèsi ubin azulejo]] File:EvoraWalls1.jpg|Tembok kutha </gallery> == Pranala njaba == * {{pt}} [http://clientes.netvisao.pt/dagalv/english.htm Évora] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203529/http://clientes.netvisao.pt/dagalv/english.htm |date=2007-09-27 }} * {{pt}} [http://www.cm-evora.pt/ Situs resmi] {{DEFAULTSORT:Evora}} [[Kategori:Kutha ing Portugal]] [[Kategori:Situs Warisan Donya ing Portugal]] {{geo-stub}} eyckrp7rq4l7j4w8l9ou5om43exs1l5 Kanker payudara 0 71028 1760137 1758932 2026-11-06T04:07:33Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Penyangkalan medis}} {{Infobox disease | Name = Kanker payudara | DiseasesDB = 1598 | Image = Mammo breast cancer.jpg | Caption = [[Mamogram]] nuduhaké sawijining payudara néormal (kiwa) lan payudara mawa kanker (tengen). | ICD10 = {{ICD10|C|50||c|50}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|174}}-{{ICD9|175}},{{ICD9|V10.3}}| ICDO = | OMIM = 114480 | MedlinePlus = 000913 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 2808 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|med|3287}} {{eMedicine2|radhio|115}} {{eMedicine2|plastic|521}} | MeshID = D001943 }} '''Kanker payudara''' iku [[kanker]] ing jaringan [[payudara]]. Iki wujud jinis kanker paling umum kang ditandhang kaum [[wanita]]. Kaum [[priya]] uga bisa kaserang kanker payudara, sanajan kamungelané luwih cilik tinimbang wanita. Pangobatan kang paling umum ya iku kanthi [[pambedhahan]] lan yèn perlu diterusaké mawa [[kemoterapi]] uga [[radiasi]]. Lelara kanker iku bisa kadadéan amarga ''pola'' panguripan kang kurang séhat. ==Réferènsi== {{Reflist|2}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category|Breast cancer}} {{Wikibooks|Sexual Health|Cancer#Breast Cancer}} * {{dmoz|/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Cancer/Breast/}} * {{Yahoo directory|Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/Breast_Cancer/|Breast cancer}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110316115522/http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cancer-of-the-breast-female/Pages/Introduction.aspx Female Breast Cancer] from [[NHS Choices]] * [http://www.sesiahs.health.nsw.gov.au/publications/cancerControl/26%20Alcohol.PDF Alcohol and cancer risk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204213010/http://www.sesiahs.health.nsw.gov.au/publications/cancerControl/26%20Alcohol.PDF |date=2012-02-04 }} from the Cancer Control Program of South Eastern Sydney and Illawarra Area Health Service * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030826035117/http://envirocancer.cornell.edu/FactSheet/Diet/fs13.alcohol.cfm Alcohol and the Risk of Breast Cancer] from [[Cornell University]] * [http://www.lifemath.net/cancer/index.html CancerMath.net] Calculates survival with breast cancer based on prognostic factors and treatment. From [[Massachusetts General Hospital]]. * [http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=breastcancer&bhcp=1 Radiology Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118032325/http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=breastcancer&bhcp=1 |date=2007-11-18 }} from the [[Radiological Society of North America]] * [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/53091/touched-by-breast-cancer Touched by Breast Cancer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214080404/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/53091/touched-by-breast-cancer |date=2010-12-14 }} - slideshow by ''[[Life magazine]]'' [[Kategori:Kanker|Payudara]] nkp3xdxq48lurqze95q2awwchza2l78 Maliyabara 0 71203 1760255 1759217 2026-11-06T10:05:03Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Maliyabara|ꦩꦭꦶꦪꦧꦫ}} {{Yogyakarta-stub}}[[Gambar:Malioboro Street, Yogyakarta.JPG|thumb|250px|Dalan Maliyabara]] '''Maliyabara''' ([[Jawa]]: ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦩꦭꦶꦪꦧꦫ, [[basa Indonésia]]: ''Jalan Malioboro'') iku papan [[pariwisata]] wujud dalan gedhé ing [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|Dhaérah Istiméwa Ngayogyakarta]]. Ing dalan iki ana [[Gedhong Agung]], [[Pasar Beringharjo|Pasar Beringharja]], lan [[Musiyum Bèntèng Vredeburg]] kang anjalari dalan iki dadi dalan strategis ing [[Kutha Ngayogyakarta|Kutha Yogyakarta]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://terasmalioboro.jogjaprov.go.id/2022/08/11/sejarah-jalan-malioboro/|title=Sejarah Jalan Malioboro|last=Pemerintah|first=Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|date=2022-08-11|website=Teras Malioboro|language=|access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref> Dalan iki nduwèni wates karo Dalan Mangkubumi ing sisih lor, Dalan Trikora ing sisih kidul, Dalan Abu Bakar Ali lan Dalan Senopati ing sisih wétan, Dalan Pasar Kembang lan K.H. Ahmad Dahlan ing sisih kulon.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mahadi|first=Khairul Ishak|last2=Budiarti|first2=Fitria|date=2016-11-01|title=STRATEGI PENATAAN KAWASAN MALIOBORO MENJADI KAWASAN PEDESTRIAN|url=https://ejurnal.esaunggul.ac.id/index.php/planesa/article/view/2384|journal=Jurnal Planesa (Planologi)|language=en|volume=7|issue=02|issn=2087-2151}}</ref> Dalan iki mujur saka [[Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat|Karaton Ngayogyakarta]] tèkan [[Setasiyun Yogyakarta|Sètasiyun Tugu]]. Dalan iki dadi papan panggonan manéka warna aktivitas masyarakat kaya ta dodolan, jasa, lan pariwisata.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wahyu|first=Firda|last2=Amalia|first2=Khorina Dwi Disti|last3=Wahyu|first3=Gusti Kinanti|last4=Maulana|first4=Irham Zulfi|last5=Susila|first5=Rheynaldi Lintang|date=2021-09-02|title=Pengembangan Kawasan Pariwisata Malioboro dengan Menggunakan Konsep Heritage dan Teras Budaya|url=https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/MATRAPOLIS/article/view/26808|journal=MATRAPOLIS: Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota|language=|volume=2|issue=1|pages=16–32|doi=10.19184/matrapolis.v2i1.26808|issn=2745-8520|access-date=2023-09-17|archive-date=2023-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009070728/https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/MATRAPOLIS/article/view/26808|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sujarah == Awalé Dalan Maliyabara digawé kanggo kapentingan acara-acara kraton, kaya ta acara nyambut gubernur jéndral utawa nambut tamu-tamu kang sowan menyang karaton. Dalan Maliyabara uga dadi péranganing sumbu filosofis Karaton Ngayogyakarta saka Panggung Krapyak - Karaton Ngayogyakarta - Tugu Yogyakarta sing nduwèni makna ''sangkan paraning dumadi'' utawa asal lan ancasing urip.<ref name=":0" /> Akèh kang nduwèni panemu babagan asal-usulé jeneng Maliyabara. Miturut cathètan saking pihak kapujanggan kraton, jènèng Maliyabara dijupuk saking salah sawijining jènèng pesanggrahan Jayanegara ing [[roman]] Jawa-Islam populer. Miturut C. C. Berg, jènèng Maliyabara dijupuk saking [[basa Sangsekerta]] yaiku ''malyhabara'' sing duwé arti yaiku "dalan sing dihiasi kembang". Miturut garis filosofi Kraton Ngayogyakarta saking [[Panggung Krapyak]] nganti [[Tugu Yogyakarta]], jènèng Maliyabara katuran saking ''malia'' sing duwé arti wali lan ''bara'' katuran saking ngumbara.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Fauziah|first=Siti Mahmudah Nur|date=2019-05-07|title=Dari Jalan Kerajaan Menjadi Jalan Pertokoan Kolonial: Malioboro 1756-1941|url=https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/lembaran-sejarah/article/view/45438|journal=Lembaran Sejarah|language=id|volume=14|issue=2|pages=171–193|doi=10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.45438|issn=2620-5882}}</ref> Uga ana pendhapat sing nyebut jeneng Maliyabara kapundhut saking jènèng basa Inggris yaiku ''Marlborough'', nanging teori iki dibantah dening sejarawan Peter Carey amarga mboten nawi jènèng dalan utama kanggo kraton kapundhut saking basa Inggris. Miturut Peter Carey, jènèng Maliyabara kapundhut saking jènèng pesanggrahan sing dianggo dening Jayengrana ing Hikayat Amir Hamzah utawa Crita Menak ing basa Jawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Carey|first=Peter|date=1984|title=Jalan Maliabara ('Garland Bearing Street'): The Etymology and Historical Origins of a much Misunderstood Yogyakarta Street Name|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_1984_num_27_1_1879|journal=Archipel|volume=27|issue=1|pages=51–62|doi=10.3406/arch.1984.1879}}</ref> == Aktipitas Ing Maliyabara == Ing kiwa tengen dalan Maliyabara akèh bakul kang dodolan manéka warna barang kas Yogyakarta kaya [[bathik]] lan panganan kas Yogyakarta kaya [[gudheg|gudheg,]] [[bakpia]], lan dodolan angkringan sing dodolan kanthi didhasaraké ing lemah (lèsèhan).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2022/09/27/jalan-malioboro-jogja|title=Jalan Malioboro, Jantung Kota Jogja yang Menawan|last=Putra|first=R.|website=www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-09-16}}</ref> Nanging wiwit taun 2022, kabéh bakul ing sisih dalan sampun dipindhah mènyang Teras Maliyabara 1 lan Teras Maliyabara 2.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.tempo.co/read/1605176/pkl-sudah-pindah-ke-teras-malioboro-yogyakarta-ini-daftar-pr-yang-belum-tuntas|title=PKL Sudah Pindah ke Teras Malioboro Yogyakarta, Ini Daftar PR yang Belum Tuntas|last=Wicaksono|first=Pribadi|date=2022-06-24|website=Tempo|language=|access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref> Bakul-bakul dipindhah amarga Maliyabara mlèbu kawasan sumbu filosofis [[Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat|Kraton Ngayogyakarta]] sing lan bakal diusulake dadi salah sawijining warisan budaya dunya déning [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/wiken/read/2022/02/05/101900781/ini-alasan-pemindahan-dan-lokasi-baru-pkl-yang-ada-di-malioboro|title=Ini Alasan Pemindahan dan Lokasi Baru PKL yang Ada di Malioboro|last=Citra Rosa|first=Maya|date=2022-02-05|website=KOMPAS.com|language=|access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref> Dalan iki ugi dadi papan panggonan aktipitas-aktipitas masyarakat Yogyakarta kaya acara [[jathilan]], konser [[gamelan]] karo [[Pesindhèn|sindhen]], lan dina bebas kendaraan utawa ''car free day'' saben dina minggu.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Saraswati|first=Titien|date=2019-10-16|title=Perspektif Jalan Malioboro di Yogyakarta pada Era Revolusi Industri 4.0|url=https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ruang/article/view/53847|journal=RUANG: Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan (SPACE: Journal of the Built Environment)|language=en-US|volume=6|issue=2|pages=187–200|doi=10.24843/JRS.2019.v06.i02.p07|issn=2355-570X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009070728/https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ruang/article/view/53847|archive-date=2023-10-09|access-date=2023-09-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saben dina selasa wage, mboten enten bakul sing dodolan ing Dalan Maliyabara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://warta.jogjakota.go.id/detail/index/5704|title=Portal Berita Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta - Tiap Selasa Wage Kawasan Malioboro Bersih Dari PKL|website=warta.jogjakota.go.id|language=|access-date=2023-09-16}}</ref> Tradisi iki diwiwiti awit taun 2017. Dina selasa wage dipilih marga dina iki dadi dina pasaran utawa dina lair [[Hamengkubuwana X|Sultan Hamengkubuwana X]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.tempo.co/read/1216427/sebab-pkl-malioboro-yogyakarta-tak-berjualan-pada-selasa-wage|title=Sebab PKL Malioboro Yogyakarta Tak Berjualan pada Selasa Wage|last=Wicaksono|first=Pribadi|date=2019-06-20|website=Tempo|language=|access-date=2023-09-16}}</ref> Ing selasa wage, aktipitas dodolan ing Maliyabara diganti karo kerja bhakti reresik kawasan Maliyabara dening bakul-bakul ing kawasan Maliyabara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20170926201403-269-244214/pedagang-malioboro-meliburkan-diri-setiap-selasa-wage|title=Pedagang Malioboro Meliburkan Diri Setiap Selasa Wage|last=|date=2017-09-12|website=CNN Indonesia|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-09-16}}</ref> Saliyane reresik uga ana kegiyatan selasa wagen sing diisi karo acara pentas seni lan pentas busana tradisional.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2992541/kegiatan-seni-budaya-selasa-wagen-kembali-digelar-di-malioboro|title=Kegiatan seni-budaya "Selasa Wagen" kembali digelar di Malioboro|last=Hakim|first=Luqman|date=2022-07-12|website=Antara News|access-date=2023-09-16}}</ref> == Gladri == <gallery> File:Jalan Malioboro 001.JPG| File:Malioboro at night.jpg| File:Teras Malioboro Satu.jpg| File:Jalan-jalan Siang di Malioboro-2.jpg| File:Afternoon atmosphere along the Malioboro pedestrian area (2).jpg File:Daytime atmosphere along Malioboro Street.jpg File:Kimia Farma Pharmacy Building located on Malioboro Street.jpg File:Andhong, a traditional horse-drawn carriage, is one of the modes of transportation on Malioboro Street (5).jpg File:Andhong, a traditional horse-drawn carriage, is one of the modes of transportation on Malioboro Street (1).jpg File:Daytime atmosphere on Malioboro Street, Yogyakarta.jpg File:Ketandan, the Chinatown area on Malioboro Street, Yogyakarta (5).jpg File:The front facade of Beringharjo Market in 2021.jpg File:Pedestrian area in front of Gedung Agung.jpg File:Gedung Agung is one of the presidential palaces of Indonesia located in Yogyakarta (2).jpg File:Pedestrian area around the 0 kilometer point of Yogyakarta (1).jpg </gallery> == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.jogjatrip.com/id Panduan Pariwisata Yogyakarta lan saubengé] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609020059/http://jogjatrip.com/id |date=2018-06-09 }} [[Kategori:Pariwisata]] [[Kategori:Pariwisata ing Ngayogyakarta]] [[Kategori:Ngayogyakarta]] == Rujukan == <references /> 2d7w6hdx8iytu5tuk5zxkyngi782i27 Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah 0 71528 1760265 1739023 2026-11-06T10:36:19Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious building |image = Masjid Agung Jateng Indonésia4.jpg |caption = Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah |building_name = Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah |location = [[Semarang]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]] |religious_affiliation = [[Islam]] |website = |architect = Ir. H. Ahmad Fanani |architecture_type = Masjid |architecture_style = Campuhan Aritektur Jawa, Arab, lan Éropa |groundbreaking = 10.000 M<sup>2</sup> |year_completed = [[14 November]] [[2006]] |construction_cost = |capacity = 6.000 ditambah 10.000 jamaah (Kapasitas serambi masjid) |dome_quantity = 1 |dome_height_outer = |dome_dia_outer = 20 mèter |minaret_quantity = 4 Menara masjid ditambah 1 Menara kang kapisah |minaret_height = 62 mèter (Menara Masjid), 99 mèter (Menara ''Asmaul Husna'') | website = {{url|www.majt.org}} }} [[Gambar:Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah Indonésia.jpg|250px|thumb|Gapura Masjid Agung Semarang Jawa Tengah]] [[Gambar:MAJT.jpg|thumb|250px|Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah kang mapan ing [[Gayamsari, Semarang]], Kutha [[Semarang]].]] [[Gambar:Masjid Agunge Jawa Tengah.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah nalika awan.]] '''Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah''' yaiku salah sawijining [[masjid]] paling megah ing [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet 1">[http://visitsemarang.com/artikel/masjid-agung-jawa-tengah.visitsemarang Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250807180848/http://visitsemarang.com/artikel/masjid-agung-jawa-tengah.visitsemarang |date=2025-08-07 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 27 Maret 2011)</ref> Masjid kanthi arsitèktur kang éndah iki wiwit diyasa nalika taun [[2001]] lan dadi ing taun [[2006]].<ref name="internet 1"/> Komplèks masjid yaiku gedhong utama ambané 7.669 m2 déné lataré ambané 7.500 m2.<ref name="internet 1"/> Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah mapan ing [[dalan]] Gajah Raya, ing Désa [[Sambirejo, Gayamsari, Semarang]], Kacamatan [[Gayamsari, Semarang]], Kutha [[Semarang]].<ref name="internet 5">[http://seputarsemarang.com/masjid-agung-jawa-tengah-1726.seputarsemarang Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 27 Maret 2011)</ref> Masjid iki diyasa wiwit [[dina]] [[Jumat]], [[6]] [[September|Septèmber]] [[2002]] kanthi dipasangé cagak pancang utawa saka sing sepisanan déning Mantri Agama Républik Indonésia [[Prof. Dr. H. Said Agil Husen al-Munawar]], [[KH. MA Sahal Mahfudz]] lan [[Gubernur]] [[Jawa Tengah]], [[H. Mardiyanto]].<ref name="internet 4">[http://www.majt.org/.majt:Sejarah Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 27 Maret 2011)</ref> Pemasangan cagak pancang pisanan iku uga dirawuhi pitu duta besar saka nagara-nagara sahabat, ing antarané [[Arab Saudi]], [[Uni Emirat Arab]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]], [[Mesir]], [[Palestina]], lan [[Abu Dhabi]].<ref name="internet 4"/> [[Gambar:Menara Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah, Indonésia.jpg|175px|thumb|Menara Masjid Agung]] == Gunggungè jamaah kang bisa mblebu ing Masjid iki == Masjid iki bisa dienggo jamaah akèhé nganti 15.000 jamaah.<ref name="internet 1"/> Masjid iki diresmèkaké [[Prèsidén Republik Indonesia]], [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]], ing taun 2006.<ref name="internet 1"/> Ing adicara kepyakan, Bapak Présidhèn napak asmani watu prasasti sing dhuwuré 3,2 m lan aboté 7,8 ton sing ana ing ngarep masjid.<ref name="internet 1"/> [[Prasasti]] iki digawé saka watu alam sing asalé saka lèrèng [[Gunung Merapi]].<ref name="internet 1"/> Prasasti iki dipahat déning [[Nyoman M. Alim]] sing uga dipercaya nggawé miniatur candhi [[Borobudur]] ing [[Minimundus]], [[Wina|Vienna]], [[Ostenrik]] ing taun [[2001]].<ref name="internet 3"/> Saliyané napak asmani prasasti, ing tanggal [[14 November]] [[2006]] iku Bapak Prèsidén uga mencét tombol serine.<ref name="internet 3">[http://info.indotoplist.com/.info.indotoplist.com:Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 27 Maret 2011)</ref> Saliyané kanggo panggonan [[ngibadah]], Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah uga minangka obyèk wisata terpadu pendidikan, rèligi, punjer pendidikan, lan punjer aktivitas syiar [[Islam]].<ref name="internet 1"/> Kanthi lumebu ing masjid iki, pengunjung bisa nonton apa kang dadi khasé arsitèktur masjid sing campuran [[arsitèktur]] [[Jawa]], [[Roma]] lan [[Arab]].<ref name="internet 1"/> == Arsitèktur Masjid == Arsitèktur Jawa bisa katitik saka sawènèhing pérangan, antarané ing pérangan ngisor saka utawa cagak masjid migunakaké motif [[bathik]] kaya ta tumpal, [[untu]] [[walang]], kawung, lan parang-parangan.<ref name="internet 1"/> Tandhané arsitèktur Timur Tengah (Arab) katitik ing témbok masjid yaiku ana rerenggan [[kaligrafi]].<ref name="internet 1"/> Kajaba iku, ing èmpèran Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah ana 6 [[payung]] [[hidrolik]] raksasa sing bisa mbuka lan nutup kanthi otomatis, payung iki minangka adopsi arsitèktur yasan [[Masjid Nabawi]] ing Kota [[Madinah]].<ref name="internet 1"/> Masjid iki uga diwènéhi gaya [[arsitèktur]] [[Roma]], katitik ing [[désain]] interior lan lapisan [[warna]] sing kanthil ing pojok-pojok yasan.<ref name="internet 1"/> == Kang Bisa tinemu ing wewengkon Masjid iki == Saliyané kanggo ngibadah [[salat]], masjid iki uga nyediakaké papan panggonan kanggo kaperluan liya, tuladhané: # ruwang kantor,<ref name="internet 2">[http://semarang.go.id/pariwisata/.semarang.go.id:pariwisata:Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 27 Maret 2011)</ref> # ruwang kursus lan pelatihan,<ref name="internet 2"/> # ruwang [[pabukon]],<ref name="internet 2"/> # ruwang akad nikah lan [[auditorium]],<ref name="internet 2"/> Auditorium ana ing sisih kiwa lan tengen iki bisa nampung punjul 2.000 wong. Auditorium iki padatan kanggo acara paméran, nikahan, lan liya-liyané.<ref name="internet 1"/> # gladri pertokoan,<ref name="internet 2"/> # ruwang kantor yang diséwakan,<ref name="internet 2"/> # hotèl,<ref name="internet 2"/> # toko cinderamata.<ref name="internet 2"/> # [[Menara Asmaul Husna]] utawa ''Al Husna Tower''.<ref name="internet 1"/> Menara iki dhuwuré 99 mèter.<ref name="internet 1"/> Manggon ing pojok kidul kulon masjid.<ref name="internet 1"/> Ing pucuké menara iki ana [[teropong pandang]].<ref name="internet 1"/> Ing menara iki, pengunjung bisa nonton sesawangan kutha Semarang nganti tekan [[kapal]]-kapal ing [[Pelabuhan]] [[Tanjung Mas]] uga katon.<ref name="internet 1"/> # Ing Masjid iki uga ana [[Al Qur'an]] raksasa tulisan tangané H. Hayatuddin, juru nulis kaligrafi saka [[Universitas Sains dan Ilmu Al-qur`an]] [[Kabupatèn Wanasaba|Wonosobo]], [[Jawa Tengah]].<ref name="internet 1"/> # Réplika [[bedhug]] raksasa sing digawé para santri [[Pesantrèn Alfalah]] [[Mangunsari]], [[Jatilawang, Banyumas]], Jawa Tengah.<ref name="internet 1"/> # pemandu wisata,<ref name="internet 1"/> # musiyum kabudayan Islam,<ref name="internet 1"/> # café muslim,<ref name="internet 1"/> # sarana panglipur kaya ta pancuran banyu, arèna dolanan bocah, lan keréta kelinci sing bisa ngeteraké pengunjung ngubengi komplèks masjid iki.<ref name="internet 1"/> [[Gambar:Bedug Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah Indonésia.jpg|thumb|175px|Bedug kang ana ing Masjid Agung Jateng,Indonésia]] Kanggo lumebu Kawasan Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah iki, pengunjung ora dijaluki biaya.<ref name="internet 1"/> Nanging, yèn pengen lumebu ing aréa tinamtu kaya ta Menara Asmaul Husna, pengunjung diwajibaké mbayar Rp 3.000 saben wong yaiku nalika tabuh 08.00-17.30 WIB.<ref name="internet 1"/> Nanging yèn lumebuné jam 17.30-21.00 WIB tarif iku mau munggah dadi Rp 4.000 saben wong.<ref name="internet 1"/> Déné katur pengunjung sing péngin nganggo teropong pandhang, cukup mbayar Rp 500,-saben menité.<ref name="internet 1"/> == Pranala njaba == * Wisata Semarang-http://www.visitsemarang.com/artikel/masjid-agung-jawa-tengah * Foto foto: [http://seputarsemarang.com/masjid-agung-jawa-tengah-1726 Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah Semarang] * http://www.indotoplist.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305184641/http://indotoplist.com/ |date=2011-03-05 }} == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{Masjid ing Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Masjid ing Indonésia|Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:Gayamsari, Semarang]] [[Kategori:WikiSemawis]] [[Kategori:Dana Wiki GSF25 Wikimedia Yogyakarta]] {{masjid-stub}} 00n1sli0by99gyskz8899pl6lzogu0b Layang kabar 0 71823 1760230 1729971 2026-11-06T08:29:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760230 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Street Scene - Salta - Argentina.jpg|thumb|250px]] '''Layang kabar''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦭꦪꦁꦏꦧꦂ, [[Aksara Pégon|Pégon]]: لاياڠ كابار), uga diarani '''ariwarti''' utawa '''koran''' yaiku lembaran-lembaran [[dluwang]] utawa kertas kang isiné [[warta]] lan kapérang dadi kolom-kolom (8-9 kolom).<ref name="Internet1">[http://www.artikata.com/arti-103051-koran.html Arti Kata] (diaksès 4 April 2011)</ref> Layang kabar kababar saben dina utawa kala-kala.<ref name="Internet1"/> Tembung koran ing basa Jawa dijupuk saka basa Walanda ''krant'' kang sadurungé dijupuk saka [[basa Prancis]] ''courant''. Layang kabar iku racaké dicithak ing kertas kang béyané murah.<ref name="Internet3">[http://www.enformasi.com/2008/04/carita-tentang-koran.html enformasi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203150206/http://www.enformasi.com/2008/04/carita-tentang-koran.html |date=2024-12-03 }}(diunduh tanggal 12 April 2011)</ref> Dluwang iku karan kertas layang kabar.<ref name="Internet3"/> == Jinis tulisan == Akèh macemé tulisan kang ana ing layang kabar.<ref name="Internet2">[http://edukasi.kompasiana.com/2011/02/12/i-love-writing-5-apa-saja-jinis-tulisan-di-koran/Kompasiana]{{Pranala mati|date=November 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (kaunduh 4 April 2011)</ref> Ana tulisan kang metuné saben [[dina]], ana tulisan kang metuné ing dina-dina kang wis ditemtokaké.<ref name="Internet2"/> Jinis tulisan kang metuné saben dina ing layang kabar yaiku: :* ''Berita'' utawa warta.<ref name="Internet2"/> Layang kabar kang terbité saben dina paling akèh ngemot berita lémpang (''straighnews'') yaiku berita saka laporan para reporter utawa wartawan.<ref name="Internet2"/> :* ''[[Tajuk]]'' yaiku pamikiran rédaksi marang kawicaksanan, peristiwa, utawa kedadeyan tartamtu.<ref name="Internet2"/> :* ''[[Opini]]'' (panemu) yaiku pamikiran wong kang ahli ing babagan kang ditulis ing opini iku.<ref name="Internet2"/> :* ''[[Feature]]'' yaiku tulisan kang isiné ngenani ''penggalian lebih dalam'' mligi ing aspek ''Human Interest''.<ref name="Internet2"/> :* ''[[Pojok]]'' yaiku tulisan kang didokok ing pojokan, sakaca karo ''tajuk'', panemu (''opini'') lan ''surat pembaca''. Lumrahé, tulisanné iku mung rong kalimat singkat kang isiné ''kalimat berita'' lan ''kalimat tanggapan/sentilan''<ref name="Internet2"/> :* ''[[Karikatur]]'' iki [[kolom]] kang isiné [[gambar]] kang kadang uga ngemot [[carita-carita]] nyentil marang kadadéan kang lagi ''booming''.<ref name="Internet2"/> :* ''[[Surat Pembaca]]'' iku isiné masalah-masalah [[warga]].<ref name="Internet2"/> Wujudé bisa wujud panyaruwé utawa kritik.<ref name="Internet2"/> == Sajarah == Layang kabar wiwit dikènal wong yaiku ing jaman [[Romawi Kuno]] (59SM).<ref name="Internet4">[http://wartawarga.gunadarma.ac.id/2010/02/sejarah-koran-dunia/ wartawarga.gunadarma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217113411/http://wartawarga.gunadarma.ac.id/2010/02/sejarah-koran-dunia/ |date=2010-02-17 }}(kaundhuh tanggal 12April 2010)</ref> Layang kabar sepisanan iku isih awujud tulisan tangan kang ditémpél ing témbok.<ref name="Internet4"/> Isiné layang kabar iku ngenani sosial lan pulitik.<ref name="Internet4"/> Déné layang kabar céthak kang sepisanan iku saka Cina. Metu ing taun 700-an kanthi jeneng Di-Bao (Ti-Pao).<ref name="Internet4"/> [[Metode]] nggarapé yaiku nganggo balok kayu kang diukir nganggo huruf Cina.<ref name="Internet4"/> Wujud layang kabar kang sawisé yaiku: [[''Newsletter'']] ing taun 1400-an. Wartané ngenani bisnis lan bab dodolan ing Éropah.<ref name="Internet4"/> Ing taun 1500-an ngrembaka manèh dadi lembar warta/ ''newssheet''.<ref name="Internet4"/> Wetuné layang kabar ing Éropah diwiwiti karo mesin cithak temuané [[Johann Gutenberg]] ing satengahing abad XV kang nggampangaké prosès prodhuksi.<ref name="Internet4"/> Dhisik warta kang dimot mung siji kedadeyan tur metuné ora tèratur.<ref name="Internet4"/> Banjur ngalami évolusi lan terbit kanthi teratur kaya kang dilakoni minggon Avisa Relation oder Zeitung, wiwit taun 1609 ing Strasbourg, Jerman.<ref name="Internet4"/> Pranyata abad XVII dadi abad wigati lairé layang kabar ing Éropah.<ref name="Internet4"/> Ing taun 1665 Inggris wiwit prodhuksi layang kabar.<ref name="Internet4"/> Layang kabar kang sepisanan yaiku The London Gazette kang wetuné isih kala-kala.<ref name="Internet4"/> Layang kabar sèpisanan ing Inggris yaiku The London Daily Courant (1702).<ref name="Internet4"/> The Times, layang kabar Inggris kang terbit wiwit abad XVII nganti saiki yaiku layang kabar kang paling dhisik nganggo sistem cetak [[rotasi]].<ref name="Internet4"/> Ditemokakéné télégram lan jaringan kabèl internasional ing satengahing taun 1800-an marakaké wartawan bisa luwih rikat golék warta.<ref name="Internet4"/> == Sajarah ing Indonésia == [[Gambar:International_newspaper,_Rome_May_2005.jpg|thumb|250px|Layang kabar]] Ing Indonésia, wis wiwit ana ing taun [[1744]], nalika papréntahané Gubjen Van Imhoff,yaiku Bataviasche Nouvelles.<ref name="Internet4"/> Nanging umuré mung rong taun.<ref name="Internet4"/> Nalika taun 1776, ing Jakarta metu layang kabar Vendu Nieus, kang ngemot manéka warna barang lélangan.<ref name="Internet4"/> Layang kabar minggon iki mandheg terbit mèrga Gubjén Daendeles ''mengambil alih'' [[''percetakan'']].<ref name="Internet4"/> [[Deandels]] nerbitaké Bataviascche Koloniale Courant (1810) kang umuré uga cekak amarga Walanda kudu nyingkir kanggo [[Inggris]].<ref name="Internet4"/> Inggris ngèrti prèlune layang kabar, mangka dicétak ''Java Government Gazette'', kanggo ''corong'' pamarintah.<ref name="Internet4"/> Pas Walanda balik dadi panguwasa Indonésia, layang kabar iku diganti dadi ''[[Bataviasche Courant]]'' (1816), banjur dadi ''[[Javasche Courant]]'' (1827).<ref name="Internet4"/> Taun 1942, Walanda sumingkir mèrga Jepang mara.<ref name="Internet4"/> Layang kabar banjur dijupuk papréntahan anyar lan diowahi dadi ''Ken Po'', kang artiné berita pamaréntah.<ref name="Internet4"/> Layang kabar swasta kang diterbitaké ing Indonésia diwiwiti déning wartawan landa kang arané [[W.Bruining]].<ref name="Internet4"/> Layang kabar terbitané Bruining iku jenengé ''Batavia Advertentieblad''.<ref name="Internet4"/> Déné pribumi kasil duwé layang kabar dhéwé yaiku ing taun 1854 ing Weltevreden [[Gambir]], Jakarta.<ref name="Internet4"/> Banjur mètu [[majalah]] Bianglala saka pihak Zanding.<ref name="Internet4"/> Mingguan basa Jawa Bromartani terbit sèpisanan ing taun 29 Maret 1855.<ref name="Internet4"/> Nanging mboh géné Van der Muelen ing de Courant Stijhoff (Leiden 1885), ngomong yèn prakarsa iku nembé mètu taun 1856, nalika terbit ''Soerat Kabar Basa Melajoe'' ing [[Surabaya]].<ref name="Internet4"/> Wiwit iku akèh layang kabar [[Malayu]] kang ''dikelola'' wong ''landa'' asli utawa ''peranakan''.<ref name="Internet4"/> Taun 1904 pers [[Indoensia]] ''bangkit'', nalika Raden Mas Djokomono karo akte notaris Simon Mendirikan NV Javaansche Boekhandel & Drukkerij en handel in Schrijfbehoeften Medan Prijaji ing [[Bandung]], ditutké mètuné minggon [[Medan]] Prijaji (1907).<ref name="Internet4"/> Pas wèktu iku kanggo sepisanan bangsa Indonésia duwé layang kabar dhéwé.<ref name="Internet4"/> == Piguna == Layang kabar kang dadi salah sawijining [[''médhia massa'']] duwé peran lan fungsi kang gedhé ing prosès pambentukan [[identitas nasional]].<ref name="Internet5">[http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0507/14/nas28.htm suaramerdeka](kaunduh tanggal 12 April 2011)</ref> Manéka warna tulisan kang ana ing layang kabar iku ngréwangi nyiptakaké ''pemahaman'' anyar marang warga ngènani wèktu, wewengkon lan basa.<ref name="Internet5"/> Telung unsur iku kang mbentuk ''kesadaran'' wong-wong yèn dhèwèké iku péranganing [[komunitas]] kang arané "bangsa".<ref name="Internet5"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Koran]] 6ewm5oenlyz0r394rbspig74eag3nc9 Kayu putih 0 72274 1760148 1657031 2026-11-06T04:45:51Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = Kayu putih | image = Kayu putih kembang.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = Kayu putih dari Koehler | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Myrtales]] | familia = [[Myrtaceae]] | genus = ''[[Melaleuca]]'' | species = '''''M. leucadendra''''' | binomial = ''Melaleuca leucadendra'' | binomial_authority = ([[L.]]) [[L.]] }} '''Kayu putih''' (''Melaleuca leucadendra'') wis dikenal ning masarakat désa atawa kutha kanggo ngurangi abuh lan nyeri <ref name="ums">[http://eprints.ums.ac.id/1315/1/2._PRATITA_%28KAYU_PUTIH%29.pdf EFEK ANALGETIKA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KAYU PUTIH (''Melaleuca Ieucadendron L'') PADA MENCIT JANTAN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229181146/http://eprints.ums.ac.id/1315/1/2._PRATITA_(KAYU_PUTIH).pdf |date=2010-12-29 }} dipununduh tanggan 18 April 2011</ref>. Lenga kayu putih, kasil saka kayu putih iku uga wis dadi salah sawijining produk kahutanan kang kondhang<ref>[http://www.dephut.go.id/Halaman/STANDARDISASI_&_LINGKUNGAN_KEHUTANAN/info_5_1_0604/isi_6.htm STANDARISASI & LINGKUNGAN HUTAN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006193339/http://www.dephut.go.id/Halaman/STANDARDISASI_%26_LINGKUNGAN_KEHUTANAN/info_5_1_0604/isi_6.htm |date=2011-10-06 }} dipununduh tanggal 20 April 2011</ref> Kabèh saka bagiané kayu putih bisa dimanfaatké, saka kulit[[kayu]]né,[[godhong]], [[epang]] lan [[uwoh]]é bisa dimanfaatké dadi obat<ref name="ums"/>. kayu putih bisa digunakaké kanthi cara diremes lan ditempelaké marang awak kang lara, atawa diombè banyu godhoganné<ref name="ums"/>. Lenga Kayu Putih iku lenga atsiri kang disuling [[godhong]]é lan [[epang]] saka [[tuwuhan]] kayu putih (Melaleuca leucadendron)<ref name="com"/>. [[Tuwuhan]] iki ana ing laladan [[Indonésia]] Wétan lan [[Australia]] Lor, lan ning laladan liya kang duwé mangsa katiga kang jelas<ref name="com">[http://www.scribd.com/doc/31471244/Pengujian-Mutu-Cajuput-Oil Pengujian Mutu Cajuput Oil] dipununduh tanggal 18 April 2011</ref>. Minyak kayu putih gampang ngabar <ref name="com"/> == Khasiaté Kayu Putih == * Ngilangaké bengkak<ref name="ums"/> * ngilangaké nyeri ([[analgetika]])<ref name="ums"/> * Lara radang usus<ref name="ums"/> * Mencret<ref name="ums"/> * Rematik<ref name="ums"/> * Gatel-gatel<ref name="ums"/> * Asma<ref name="ums"/> * Radang [[kulit]] ''ekzema<ref name="ums"/> * [[Imsomnia]]<ref name="ums"/> * Mumet<ref name="ums"/> * Parfum<ref name="com"/> * Lenga gosok <ref name="com"/> * [[Godhong]]é kang wis garing bisa kanggo panambah stamina <ref name="KOMPAS">[http://m.kompas.com/news/read/2010/07/03/19151216/Kayu-Putih-Peredam-Beragam-Keluhan KOMPAS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305033121/http://m.kompas.com/news/read/2010/07/03/19151216/Kayu-Putih-Peredam-Beragam-Keluhan |date=2016-03-05 }} dipununduh tanggal 20 April 2011</ref> * Ngusir [[nyamuk]]<ref name="KOMPAS"/> * [[Ekzema]], kulit lara amarga alergi<ref name="iptek">[http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pd_tanobat/view.php?id=79 www.iptek.net.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818101548/http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pd_tanobat/view.php?id=79 |date=2011-08-18 }} dipununduh tanggal 20 April 2011</ref> * radang [[kulit]] <ref name="iptek"/> * [[Neuralgia]]. nyeri ning [[balung]] lan [[syaraf]] <ref name="iptek"/> * Mabuk kendaraan<ref name="iptek"/> == Morfologis Tuwuhan Kayu Putih == Ciri-ciriné tuwuhan kayu putih ya iku: * Dhuwuré watara 10 nganti 20 mèter<ref name="ums"/> * [[Kulit]] [[kayu]] lapis-lapis, warnané [[putih]], atawa klawu lan nglotok ora karuan<ref name="ums"/> * [[kayu]]né ora patiya gedhé, [[epang]]é nggantung mengisor<ref name="ums"/> * [[Godhong]] tunggal dhapuré ''jorong'' lan langset dawane kira-kira 4,5-15 cm, ambané 0.75-4. pucuk lan bongkoté lancip, pinggiré rata, lan [[balung]] [[godhong]]é ''sejajar''<ref name="ums"/> * pinggir [[godhong]] duwé rambut<ref name="ums"/> * warnané [[godhong]] [[ijo]] kasoklatan<ref name="ums"/> * manawa [[godhong]] kayu putih diremes ambuné wangi tinuli seger<ref name="ums"/> == Kandhungané Kayu Putih == Kayu putih duwé kandhutan <ref name="iptek"/>: # ''sineol'' # ''melaleucin'' # lenga atsiri (kang kalebu ''erpineol, cineol'' lan '' lignin {{bumbon crakèn}} == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Tetuwuhan]] [[Kategori:Tetuwuhan jamu lan bumbu]] 7sopzvn9cgbcinyli8ah67h7f2zoc6u Kiwi (manuk) 0 72420 1760174 1657161 2026-11-06T05:52:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Kiwi | color = pink | image = Apteryx mantelli -Rotorua, North Island, New Zealand-8a.jpg | image_width = 200px | regnum = [[Kéwan|Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Manuk|Aves]] | ordo = [[Struthioniformes]] | familia = '''Apterygidae''' | familia_authority = G.R. Gray, 1840 | genus = '''''Apteryx''''' | genus_authority = [[George Shaw|Shaw]], 1813 }} '''Kiwi''' iki salah siji jinis manuk kang ora bisa mabur. Manuk iki urip ing [[Niu Selan]] saka ''génus'' ''Apteryx''(siji-sijiné ''génus'' ing ''family'' Apterygidae). Mnuk kiwi ukurane cilik, kaya [[pitik]]. Manuk iki kagolong ''spésies'' kang kaancam cures. Kiwi uga digunakaké simbol nagara Niu Selan.<ref name="internet1">[http://www.lintasberita.com/Lifestyle/Pendidikan/sebaran-kiwi-di-new-zealand Sebaran Kiwi di New Zealand]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Manuk kang ora bisa miber iki boboté mung 2–5&nbsp;kg. Wulune wernane klawu utawa soklat. Manuk iki ora nduwé buntut, lare uga cilik. Cucuke cilik lan landhep. Béda karo manuk liyané bolongan irung manuk iki ana ing cedhak pucuk cucuke.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bukucatatan-part1.blogspot.com/2009/02/burung-kiwi.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2010-12-08 |archive-date=2010-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208205701/http://bukucatatan-part1.blogspot.com/2009/02/burung-kiwi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Spesies Kiwi == Manuk kiwi ing donya iki mung ana ing [[Niu Selan]]. Spesies kiwi ing donya mung ana 5, lan kabèh urip ing Niu Selan. Spesies manuk kiwi antarané<ref name="internet1"/>: # ''Great Spotted Kiwi (Apteryx haastii)'' # ''Little Spotted Kiwi (Apteryx owenii)'' # ''Okarito Brown Kiwi / Rowi (Apteryx rowi)'' # ''Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)'' # ''Tokoeka (Apteryx australis)'' == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Sato kéwan]] [[Kategori:Manuk]] culy7v7fhjxmhtx65phkirkdnsj8583 Menara Pisa 0 72465 1760277 1675521 2026-11-06T11:17:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Menara Pisa | Image = [[Gambar:Leaning Tower of Pisa.jpg|280px|]] | State Party = {{ITA}} | Type = Budaya | Criteria = i, ii, iv, vi | ID = 395 | Region = [[Pratélan Situs Warisan Donya ing Amérika Lor lan Èropah|Amérika Lor lan Èropah]] | Year = 1987 | Session = ke-15 | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/395 }} '''Menara Pisa''' ([[Basa Italia]]: '''''Torre pendente di Pisa''''' utawa dicekak '''''Torre di Pisa''''') ya iku ''[[campanile]]'' utawa menara loncèng katedral ing kutha [[Pisa]], [[Italia]].<ref name="pisa">{{Cite web |url=http://www.metrogaya.com/home/sejarah-hari-ini/sejarah-menara-eiffel |title=Metro Gaya |access-date=2011-04-25 |archive-date=2011-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420012459/http://metrogaya.com/home/sejarah-hari-ini/sejarah-menara-eiffel |url-status=deviated |archivedate=2011-04-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420012459/http://metrogaya.com/home/sejarah-hari-ini/sejarah-menara-eiffel }}</ref> Saben pelancong sing menyang [[Italia]] ora lali nekani menara miring “Pisa” sing wis misuwur ing [[donya]].<ref name="buku">Jajak MD dkk. 1979. 17 Keajaiban Dunia. Jakarta:Aqua Press</ref> Menara iku digawé saka marmer, yasan iku duwé jeneng Campanile kanggo nggantungaké [[jam]] [[gréja]] {{fact}} [[Wangunan]] kang awujud segi lima iku digawé [[taun]] [[1174]].<ref name="buku"/> Ora suwé menara iku dibangun pondasiné ambles ing jero lemah lan miring 4,2 mèter saka garis tengahé.<ref name="menara">{{Cite web |url=http://www.indosiar.com/ragam/54199/menara-pisa-kebanggaan-italia |title=Situs Indosiar |access-date=2011-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803212937/http://www.indosiar.com/ragam/54199/menara-pisa-kebanggaan-italia |archive-date=2009-08-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Satus taun sawisé taun [[1274]], ana [[arsitek]] nambahi patang ruangan manèh gawé ngimbangi kemiringane. Nanging gandhèng majuné jaman, yasan iku saya miring lan bisa dideleng nyata.<ref name="buku"/> Dhuwuré menara iki ya iku 55,86 [[mèter|m]] saka ''lumah tanah'' paling endèk lan 56,70 m saka ''lumah tanah'' paling dhuwur. Ambanè témbok ing ngisoré tekan 4,09 m lan ing puncak 2,48 m. Bobote kira-kira tekan 14.500 [[ton]]. Menara Pisa duwé 294 anak undhak-undhakan.<ref name="buku"/> [[Menara]] Pisa kang megah lan éndah iku duwé pilar-pilar akèh, kori gerbang setengah bunder lan frescone(rerenggan témbok) kang serasi uga kaca warna ing jero jendhéla sing pancèn agawé narik kawigatèné para pelancong.<ref name="pisa"/> Ing jero ruangan Katedral iku kagantung lampu lan rerenggan papat patung widadari cilik.<ref name="menara"/> Lan sing paling apik ya iku pajangan sing obah-obah dhéwé kang awujud dolanan pot-pot [[bunder]] [[lonjong]] lan [[lancip]] ing ngisore.<ref name="menara"/> == Sajarah == Pembangunan menara iki ana telung tahap ing wektu 200 taun. Pembangunan lantai siji saka [[campanile]] sing saka watu marmer putih dimulai saka 9 Agustus [[2001]].<ref name="satu">{{Cite web |url=http://erabaru.net/wisata/64-pariwisata/12520-wisata-menara-miring-pisa- |title=Erabaru.net |access-date=2011-05-01 |archive-date=2011-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824065502/http://erabaru.net/wisata/64-pariwisata/12520-wisata-menara-miring-pisa- |url-status=deviated |archivedate=2011-08-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824065502/http://erabaru.net/wisata/64-pariwisata/12520-wisata-menara-miring-pisa- }}</ref> Lantai siji dikupengi cagak sing ngarah miring marang lengkungan kerai.<ref name="satu"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Markah lemah]] [[Kategori:Menara ing Italia|Pisa]] [[Kategori:Paninggalan sajarah]] [[Kategori:Situs Warisan Donya ing Italia]] [[Kategori:Menara miring]] {{Stub}} ml47fearr8bdevq8zu07o5g2mtw4c8t Lionel Messi 0 72681 1760243 1757647 2026-11-06T09:10:39Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |playername = Lionel Messi |image = |caption = |fullname = Lionel Andrés Messi |height = {{height|m=1.69}} |dateofbirth = {{Tanggal lair dan umur|1987|6|24}} |cityofbirth = [[Rosario]] |countryofbirth = [[Argentinal]] |currentclub = [[Paris Saint-Germain FC]] |clubnumber = 30 |position = [[ngarep (striker)]] |youthyears = 1995–2000 |youthclubs = [[Grandoli FC|Grandoli]] |years = 2000–2004 <br /> 2009–''2026'' |clubs = <br /> [[F.C. Barcelona]] |caps(goals) = 59 (23) <br /> 304 (275) <br /> 32 (10) |nationalyears = 2005–''2026'' |nationalteam = {{fb|Argentina}} |nationalcaps(goals) = 97 (45) |pcupdate = 29 September 2007 |ntupdate = 26 September 2007 }} '''Lionel Messi''' utawa '''Messi''' punika salah sawijiné juru main ana ing club [[Paris Saint-Germain FC]].<ref name="messi5">[http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/futbol/temporada_10-11/plantilla/jugadors/messi.html www.fcbarcelona.cat]</ref> Lionel Messi kang jeneng asliné Lionel Andrés Messi (lair ing [[Rosario]], [[Argentina]], [[24]] [[Juni]] [[1987]]; umur 24 taun) ya iku juru main ngarep bal-balan [[Argentina]] sing saiki maén ana ing [[Paris Saint-Germain FC]] lan tim nasional [[Argentina]].<ref name="messi">{{Cite web |url=http://archive.kaskus.us/thread/3888436 |title=archive.kaskus.us |access-date=2011-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811034112/http://archive.kaskus.us/thread/3888436 |archive-date=2025-08-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Messi kerep diparabi “[[maradona]] anyar” amarga akèh padhané ya iku awaké péndék, luwih sikil kiwa, jago dribel bal, lan pinter ngliwati mungsuh.<ref name="messi1">[http://www.goal.com/id-ID/people/argentina/8012/lionel-messi/profile www.goal.com]</ref> Messi miwiti karir bal-balan umur liman taun, Umur sewelas taun dhèwèké miwiti karir ana ing klub lokal.<ref name="messi2"/> Messi padatan main ing posisi glandhang serang utawa penyerang.<ref name="messi2">[http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=8121508 www.kaskus.us]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Messi dikenal duwé ''dribble'' sing apik sing sarta umpan-umpan sing ''akurat''.<ref name="messi1"/> Taun [[2005]] [[Barcelona]] nawakaké kontrak tekan [[2010]] regané €150 juta, €30 juta luwih dhuwur tinimbang kontrak [[Ronaldo]] rikala iku.<ref name="messi"/> Bareng karo [[Barcelona]] taun [[2009]], dhèwèké isoh olih nem gelar.<ref name="messi5"/> Dhèwèké uga dadi juru main paling apik [[Éropah]] lan Dunia.<ref name="messi1"/> Salah siji kalawarti saka [[Perancis]] ''France Football'' ngliris pratélan juru main bal kanthi gaji gedhé dhéwé.<ref name="internet"/> Lionel Messi dadi peringkat siji kanthi gaji paling akèh.<ref name="internet"/> Pemain Barcelona iki dikira-kirakake éntuk gaji nganti 33 juta euro per taune.<ref name="internet"/> Gaji iku dikumpulake saka gaji, bonus, lan kontrak iklan liyané.<ref name="internet">[http://id.ulah raga.yahoo.com/news/lionel-messi-jadi-pemain-dengan-pendapatan-tertinggi-054400013--soccer.html '''Lionel Messi Jadi Pemain Dengan Pendapatan Tertinggi ''']{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} dipunundhuh tanggal 21 Maret 2012)</ref> == Rikala cilik == Messi lair ing [[Rosario]], [[Argentina]] tanggal 24 Juni 1987, anak saka Jorge Horacio Messi lan Celia María Cuccittini iki pancén katon jago bal-balan wiwit cilik.<ref name="messi1"/> September 2000, nalika umuré sewelas taun, Messi ngalami gangguan hormon lan dikhawatirké ora bisa tumbuh gedhe utawa bakal cébol selawasé.<ref name="messi8"/> [[River Plate]] sajatiné péngin jupuk messi nanging ora kuat mbayar $800 per wulan kanggo nambani.<ref name="messi8"/> Bejané [[Barcelona]] gelem mbayari kabèh ragadé, nanging kulawargané gelem pindah menyang [[Spanyol]].<ref name="messi"/> Yèn Messi ora terapi hormon, awaké Lionel Messi mung bisa tekan 150-an séntimèter waé.<ref name="messi8">{{Cite web |url=http://radensomad.com/menguak-penyebab-lionel-messi-bertubuh-pendek.html |title=radensomad.com |access-date=2011-05-09 |archive-date=2011-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520210927/http://radensomad.com/menguak-penyebab-lionel-messi-bertubuh-pendek.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kurangan hormon pertumbuhan (''growth hormone deficeincy'') nggawé dhuwuré messi ora lancar lan lelara iki uga nyerang wong akèh ing donya.<ref name="messi8"/> == Karir == === Klub === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align: center;" |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|[[La Liga|League]] !colspan="3"|[[Copa del Rey|Cup]] !colspan="3"|[[Supercopa de España|Supercup]] !colspan="3"|[[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] !colspan="3"|[[UEFA Super Cup]] !colspan="3"|[[FIFA Club World Cup|Club World Cup]] !colspan="3"|Total |- !Apps !Goals !Assists !Apps !Goals !Assists !Apps !Goals !Assists !Apps !Goals !Assists !Apps !Goals !Assists !Apps !Goals !Assists !Apps !Goals !Assists |- | rowspan="7"|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] |[[2004–05 FC Barcelona season|2004–05]] |7||1||0||1||0||0||colspan=3|—||1||0||0||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||9||1||0 |- |[[2005–06 FC Barcelona season|2005–06]] |17||6||3||2||1||0||0||0||0||6||1||1||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||25||8||4 |- |[[2006–07 FC Barcelona season|2006–07]] |26||14||2||2||2||1||2||0||0||5||1||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||36||17||3 |- |[[2007–08 FC Barcelona season|2007–08]] |28||10||12||3||0||0||colspan=3|—||9||6||1||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||40||16||13 |- |[[2008–09 FC Barcelona season|2008–09]] |31||23||11||8||6||2||colspan=3|—||12||9||5||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||51||38||18 |- |[[2009–10 FC Barcelona season|2009–10]] |35||34||10||3||1||0||1||2||0||11||8||0||1||0||1||2||2||0||53||47||11 |- |[[2010–11 FC Barcelona season|2010–11]] |33||31||18||7||7||3||2||3||0||12||11||3||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||54||52||24 |- !colspan=2| Career total !177!!119!!56!!26!!17!!6!!5!!5!!0!!56!!36!!10!!2!!0!!1!!2!!2!!0!!268!!179!!73 |} === International === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align: center;" |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals!!Assists |- |rowspan=7|'''[[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] |2005||5||0||0 |- |2006||7||2||1 |- |2007||13||6||3 |- |2008||8||2||1 |- |2009||10||3||2 |- |2010||10||2||2 |- |2011||2||1||2 |- !colspan=2|Total!!55!!16!!11 |} === International goals === ==== Under–20 ==== :''Scores and results list Argentina's goal tally first.''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/messi-intlg.html |title=Lionel Andrés Messi – Goals in International Matches |publisher=RSSSF |accessdate= 2 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=229397/index.html |title=Lionel Messi |publisher=FIFA.com |accessdate=2 February 2011 |archive-date=29 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629095408/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=229397/index.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> {|class=wikitable style=font-size:90% |- !Goal !Date!!Venue!!Opponent!!Score!!Result!!Competition |- | 1 || 14 June 2005 || [[De Grolsch Veste|Arke Stadion]], [[Enschede]], [[Netherlands]] || align=left| {{fb|EGY}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–0 || [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship|2005 World Youth Championship]] |- | 2 || 22 June 2005 || [[Univé Stadion]], [[Emmen, Netherlands|Emmen]], Netherlands || align=left| {{fb|COL}} || '''1'''–1 || 2–1 || 2005 World Youth Championship |- | 3 || 24 June 2005 || Arke Stadion, Enschede, Netherlands || align=left| {{fb|ESP}} || '''3'''–1 || 3–1 || 2005 World Youth Championship |- | 4 || 28 June 2005 || [[Stadion Galgenwaard|Galgenwaard Stadion]], [[Utrecht]], Netherlands || align=left| {{fb|BRA}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–1 || 2005 World Youth Championship |- | 5 || 2 July 2005 || Galgenwaard Stadion, Utrecht, Netherlands || align=left| {{fb|NGA}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–1 || 2005 World Youth Championship |- | 6 || 2 July 2005 || Galgenwaard Stadion, Utrecht, Netherlands || align=left| {{flagicon|NGA}} Nigeria || '''2'''–1 || 2–1 || 2005 World Youth Championship |- |} ==== Under–23 ==== {|class=wikitable style=font-size:90% |- !Goal !Date!!Venue!!Opponent!!Score!!Result!!Competition |- | 1 || 7 August 2008 || [[Shanghai Stadium]], [[Shanghai]], [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align=left| {{fb|CIV}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–1 || [[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2008 Summer Olympics]] |- | 2 || 16 August 2008 || Shanghai Stadium, Shanghai, China || align=left| {{fb|NED}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–1 || 2008 Summer Olympics |- |} ==== Senior team ==== {|class=wikitable style=font-size:90% |- !Goal !Date!!Venue!!Opponent!!Score!!Result!!Competition |- | 1 || 1 March 2006 || [[St. Jakob-Park]], [[Basel]], [[Switzerland]] || align=left| {{fb|CRO}} || '''2'''–1 || 2–3 || [[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- | 2 || 16 June 2006 || [[Veltins-Arena|WM-Stadion Gelsenkirchen]], [[Gelsenkirchen]], [[Germany]] || align=left| {{fb|SCG}} || '''6'''–0 || 6–0 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006 World Cup]] |- | 3 || 5 June 2007 || [[Camp Nou]], [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]] || align=left| {{fb|ALG}} || '''2'''–2 || 4–3 || Friendly |- | 4 || 5 June 2007 || Camp Nou, Barcelona, Spain || align=left| {{flagicon|ALG}} Algeria || '''4'''–2 || 4–3 || Friendly |- | 5 || 8 July 2007 || [[Estadio Metropolitano de Fútbol de Lara|Metropolitano de Fútbol de Lara]], [[Barquisimeto]], [[Venezuela]] || align=left| {{fb|PER}} || '''2'''–0 || 4–0 || [[2007 Copa América]] |- | 6 || 11 July 2007 || [[Polideportivo Cachamay]], [[Puerto Ordaz]], Venezuela || align=left| {{fb|MEX}} || '''2'''–0 || 3–0 || 2007 Copa América |- | 7 || 16 October 2007 || [[Estadio José Pachencho Romero|José Pachencho Romero]], [[Maracaibo]], Venezuela || align=left| {{fb|VEN}} || '''2'''–0 || 2–0 || [[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 World Cup qualification]] |- | 8 || 20 November 2007 || [[Estadio El Campín]], [[Bogotá]], [[Colombia]] || align=left| {{flagicon|COL}} [[Colombia national football team|Colombia]] || '''1'''–0 || 1–2 || 2010 World Cup qualification |- | 9 || 4 June 2008 || [[Qualcomm Stadium]], [[San Diego]], [[United States]] || align=left| {{flagicon|MEX}} Mexico || '''2'''–0 || 4–1 || Friendly |- | 10 || 11 October 2008 || [[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]] || align=left| {{fb|URU}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–1 || 2010 World Cup qualification |- | 11 || 11 February 2009 || [[Stade Vélodrome]], [[Marseille]], [[France]] || align=left| {{fb|FRA}} || '''2'''–0 || 2–0 || Friendly |- | 12 || 28 March 2009 || Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires, Argentina || align=left| {{flagicon|VEN}} Venezuela || '''1'''–0 || 4–0 || 2010 World Cup qualification |- | 13 || 14 November 2009 || [[Vicente Calderón Stadium]], [[Madrid]], Spain || align=left| {{fb|ESP}} || '''1'''–1 || 1–2 || Friendly |- | 14 || 7 September 2010 || Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires, Argentina || align=left| {{flagicon|ESP}} Spain || '''1'''–0 || 4–1 || Friendly |- | 15 || 17 November 2010 || [[Khalifa International Stadium]], [[Doha]], [[Qatar]] || align=left| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] || '''1'''–0 || 1–0 || Friendly |- | 16 || 9 February 2011 || [[Stade de Genève]], [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]] || align=left| {{flagicon|POR}} [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] || '''2'''–1 || 2–1 || Friendly |} == Pranala njaba == {{commons category}} * [http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/futbol/temporada_09-10/plantilla/jugadors/messi.html Lionel Messi biography]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903171616/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/futbol/temporada_09-10/plantilla/jugadors/messi.html |date=2011-09-03 }} at FC Barcelona * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150629095408/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=229397/index.html Lionel Messi statistics] at FIFA * [http://www.football-lineups.com/players/player.php?route=9 Tactical Profile] at Football-Lineups.com * [http://footbalistic.com/en/players/3997/lionel_messi Player Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108223655/http://www.footbalistic.com/en/players/3997/lionel_messi |date=2010-01-08 }} at Footbalistic * [http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=45843&cc=5739 Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323003328/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=45843&cc=5739 |date=2010-03-23 }} at ESPN * [http://www.allforfootball.net/players/Lionel-Messi-53059 Lionel Messi Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706072416/http://www.allforfootball.net/players/Lionel-Messi-53059 |date=2010-07-06 }} at All for Football == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} {{Skuat PD2010 Argentina}} [[Kategori:Lair 1987]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:FC Barcelona]] [[Kategori:Striker(Panyerang)]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan Argèntina]] [[Kategori:Pamain Barcelona]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bèker Donya FIFA 2010]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bèker Éropah UEFA 2012]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bèker Donya FIFA 2014]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan èkspatriat ing Spanyol]] b2icrqp1os37i06wp0ncfc0ghh5v362 Jeruk bali 0 73051 1760070 1662958 2026-11-06T00:19:36Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = Jeruk bali | image = Pomelo fruit.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Sapindales]] | familia = [[Rutaceae]] | genus = ''[[Citrus]]'' | species = '''''C. grandis''''' | binomial = ''Citrus grandis '' | binomial_authority = Osbeck }} {{commons|Jeruk Bali}} '''Jeruk Bali''' ya iku salah sijiné jinis [[jeruk]] kang ana. Nanging wujudé rada gedhé tinimbang jeruk liyané. Kulité wernané ijo lan yèn wis mateng wernané rada semu kuning. Isi ing jeroné wernané abang rada semu jambon. == Mupangaté Jeruk Bali == Jeruk bali akèh manfaaté kanggo keséhatan.<ref name="jer">[http://www.dechacare.com/Manfaat-Jeruk-Bali-I538.html www.dechacare.com](diunduh tanggal 11 mei 2011)</ref> Kandungan pektiné luwih akèh tinimbang jeruk jinis liyané.<ref name="jer"/> Pektin iki kang dipercaya bisa mudhunaké kolesterol lan uga bisa ngurangi resiko lara [[jantung]].<ref name="jer"/> Kandungan [[likopen]] jeruk bali miguna kanggo ngundhakaké daya tahan tubuh.<ref name="jer"/> Miturut para peneliti, daging buah sing segar utawa jusé duwé manfaat kang padha. Temuan iki bisa dipertanggungjawabaké.<ref name="jer"/> == Panganan kang bisa digawé saka jeruk bali == === Jus === Saliyané dikonsumsi seger, jeruk bali asring diolah dadi [[jus]]. Nalika gawé jus, bisa dicampur karo bahan utawa buah liané, saéngga rasaé dadi luwih énak.<ref name="ruk">[http://www.citrusindo.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=135 www.citrusindo.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220064536/http://www.citrusindo.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=135 |date=2008-02-20 }}(diunduh tanggal 11 mei 2011)</ref> Minuman [[antioksidan]] lan [[antikanker]] Jupuk buah jeruk bali siji waé ukurané sedheng sing wis dionceki lan dibuwang isinya.<ref name="ruk"/> Banjur dilebokaké nèng [[blender]], tambahi banyu secukupé bisa uga ditambahi saksendok [[madu]] lan buah liyané kaya ta [[pelem]] utawa [[pir]].<ref name="ruk"/> === Manisan === Daging kulit jeruk bali (kulit jabané dibuwang) diiris-iris wujud juring, digodhok nganggo geni cilik nganti 60 menit.<ref name="ba">[http://www.docstoc.com/docs/19431998/Budidaya-jeruk www.docstoc.com](diunduh tanggal 11 Mèi 2011)</ref> Banyu godhokané banjur dibuwang, ditiriské, banjur ditimbang.<ref name="ba"/> Siapké [[gula pasir]] kang boboté padha karo kulit jeruk kang wis digodhok. Kulit jeruk sing wis digodhok diwadhahi [[panci]], banjur ditambahi banyu, lan ditambahi gula pasir.<ref name="ba"/> Digodhok manèh nganggo geni cilik karo kadhang diudhak nganti dadi [[sirop]] kenthel. Dientas, dinèngake waé kulit jeruk nanging kaselem nèng jero sirop nganti sewengi.<ref name="ba"/> Esuké, masak manèh nganggo geni cilik nganti sirop gula arep entek.<ref name="ba"/> Banjur kulité jeruk ditokaké saka jero sirop, dilèr ing dhuwur nyiru, dipémé nganti rada garing. Diiris-iris rada dawa, dilebokaké nèng jero wadhah sing katutup. Supaya awet (1 wulan), simpen ng jero [[lemari es]].<ref name="ba"/> Saliyané kanggo nyamikan, manisan kulit, jeruk bali bisa dicampurké karo adonan cake, kanggone bisa ngganti manisan sukade utawa kulit jeruk parut. Manisan kulit jeruk kang dicampur manisan garing saka woh-wohanan bisa nambah énak cita rasa fruitcake.<ref name="li">[http://agromaret.com/tag/penjelasan_jenisjenis_jeruk.html agromaret.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917203426/http://agromaret.com/tag/penjelasan_jenisjenis_jeruk.html |date=2011-09-17 }} (diunduh tanggal 11 Mèi 2011)</ref> === Campuran salad buah === Siapké 200 gram [[katès]], 200 gram [[apel]], 200 gram [[nanas]], 200 gram melon (kabèh diiris kotak), lan jeruk bali ukurané sedheng kang wis dionceki, dibuwang isiné, lan diiris-iris manut sing dipengini.<ref name="li"/> Tambahi [[stroberi]] lan kiwi kanggoi rerenggan.<ref name="li"/> Siapké uga bahan dressing, campuran [[alpukat]] kang wis diblender alus karo [[mayones]].<ref name="li"/> Tambahké [[madu]] patang séndhok, kocok nganggo mikser nganti rata, tambahi banyu sacukupé, banjur di aduk rata. Bahan buah segar ditata nèng mangkuk utawa piring, banjur disiram nganggo dressing.<ref name="li"/> == Kandungan Jeruk Bali == * Likopen Kandungan [[likopen]] nèng jeruk bali cukup dhuwur, ya iku 350 mikrogram per 100 gram daging buah. Yèn bersinergi karo betakaroten (provitamin A) sing luwih akèh nèng jeruk bali, likopen bisa duwé peran minangkaantioksidan.<ref name="mu">[http://www.wattpad.com/194988-jenis-dan-manfaat-jeruk-untuk-kita www.wattpad.com] (diunduh tanggal 11 Mèi 2011)</ref> * Pektin Jeruk bali gandut pektin luwih akèh tinimbang jeruk lainnya sawisé dijus.<ref name="mu"/> Sak porsi jus jeruk bali ngandut punjul 3,9 persèn [[pektin]].<ref name="mu"/> Saben 15 gram pektin bisa mudhunké 10 persèn tingkat kolesterol. Dadi jeruk bali bisa mudhunké risiko lara jantung.<ref name="mu"/> * Zat aktif pembersih darah Jeruk bali dipercaya ngandut zat aktif kang bisa ngresiki sel darah merah kang wis twua ing jero awak lan normalaké hematokrit, ya iku persentase sel darah per volume darah.<ref name="de">[http://www.suaramedia.com/gaya-hidup/makanan/20698-segudang-manfaat-séhat-jeruk.html www.suaramedia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250810033818/http://www.suaramedia.com/gaya-hidup/makanan/20698-segudang-manfaat-s%C3%A9hat-jeruk.html |date=2025-08-10 }}(diunduh tanggal 11 Mèi 2011)</ref> Tingkat hematokrit normal kanggo wong wadon ya iku 37-47 persèn, déné wong lanang 40-54 persèn.<ref name="de"/> Hematokrit kang mung sitik njalari anemia, nanging yèn dhuwur banget bisa dadi lara [[jantung]] amarga getihé dadi ngentel.<ref name="de"/> * Kalium Jeruk bali (gravefruit) minangka sumber [[kalium]], [[vitamin A]] (440 IU), [[bioflavonoid]], lan [[likopen]] (350&nbsp;ug/100g). Hasil peneliten, jeruk bali kalebu antikanker kang uga kanggo nyehataké [[prostat]]. * Vitamin C Kaya jeruk liyané, jeruk bali iku sumber [[vitamin C]] (350 mikrogram per 100 gram daging jeruk). Vitamin C apik kanggo sumber antioksidan. Perokok dianjurké supaya ngonsumsi jeruk bali dua "siyung" (helai ing jero buah) saben dina. Peningkatan kadar vitamin C ing jero getih bisa ndandani jaringan kang rusak, malah [[kanker]], amarga ora stabilé molekul radikal bébas amarga [[rokok]] lan polusi udara. == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Jeruk]] oe9feh3mmikhdgivimulv87r54q5eo1 Kopi tubruk 0 73098 1760191 1748370 2026-11-06T06:39:08Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760191 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Kopi Tubruk Jakarta.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Kopi]] tubruk di [[Jakarta]].]] '''Kopi tubruk''' iku ombènan [[kopi]] saka [[Indonesia]] sing digawé kanthi ngumobaké bubuk kopi bebarengan karo [[banyu]] lan [[gula]].<ref name="coffee">[http://www.talkaboutcoffee.com/types-of-coffee-coffee-varieties-II.html Types Of Coffee – Coffee Varieties II], ''Talk About Coffee''. Diaksès 5 Juni 2010.</ref> Kopi iki duwé kamèmperan karo kopi saka [[Turki]] lan [[Yunani]] ing babagan kabuketané.<ref name="coffee"/> Kopi tubruk cukup populèr ing [[Pulo]] [[Jawa]] lan [[Bali]].<ref name="coffee"/> Resep saka kopi tubruk iki digawa déning pedagang saka [[Wétan Tengah]] menyang [[Indonésia]].<ref name="kopi tubruk">[http://www.indonesialogue.com/destinations/kopi-tubruk-%E2%80%93-mud-coffee.html Kopi Tubruk - Mud Coffee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020155124/http://www.indonesialogue.com/destinations/kopi-tubruk-%E2%80%93-mud-coffee.html |date=2011-10-20 }}, “Indonesialogue''. Diaksès 10 Juni 2010.</ref> Ing Wétan Tengah, kopi tubruk iki dikenal minangka "kopi blethok.<ref name="kopi tubruk"/> Kopi tubruk minangka cara gawé wédang kopi sing paling gampang.<ref name="kopi tubruk"/> Variasi liya saka kopi tubruk ya iku kopi susu sing digawé kanthi nambahaké susu kenthel legi.<ref name="kopi tubruk"/> Salah siji variasi sing kurang misuwur ya iku sing dicampur nganggo [[jus]] [[alpukat]].<ref name="kopi tubruk"/> Kopi tubruk iki lumrahé diombé bebarengan karo mangan [[gedhang]] gorèng.<ref name="kopi tubruk"/> Bab utama sing kudu digatèkaké nalika gawé kopi tubruk ya iku banyu kudu bener-bener panas amarga yèn ora bakal ana bubuk utawa wiji kopi sing kasisa.<ref name="kopi tubruk"/> == Uga delengen == * [[Kopi]] * [[Wédang kopi]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == [[Kategori:Kopi]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210128013354/https://huongvicafe.com/cac-loai-ca-phe-noi-tieng-o-viet-nam-va-the-gioi Types of Coffee - VietNam] {{ombènan-stub}} mv78iyk33ugm7zqzbl85rj1xjltmzvz Komodho 0 73155 1760183 1757610 2026-11-06T06:21:33Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkna|Éjaan lan basa isih durung njawani}} {{taxobox | nama = Komodho | color = lightblue | status = VU | status_system = iucn3.1 | image = KomodoDragon-SingaporeZoo-20080625.jpg | image_width = 256px | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Reptile|Reptilia]] | ordo = [[Squamata]] | subordo = [[Lacertilia]] | familia = [[Varanidae]] | genus = ''[[Varanus]]'' | subgenus = ''V. (Varanus)'' | range_map=Komodo_dragon_distribution_jv.png | range_map_caption=Distribusi komodo | species = '''''V. komodoensis''''' | binomial = ''Varanus komodoensis'' | binomial_authority = [[Peter Ouwens|Ouwens]], [[1912]] }} '''Komodho''' (''Varanus komodoensis'') yaiku [[spésies]] [[kadal]] gedhé dhéwé sadonya kang urip ning [[pulo]] [[Komodo (pulo)|Komodo]], [[Rinca]], [[Flores]], [[Gili Motang]], lan [[Gili Dasami]] ing [[Nusa Tenggara]].Biawak gedhé iki soko pendhudhuk asli [[Pulo Komodo]] mau déning sesebutan '''ora'''. Komodo kagolong ning kuloworgo [[biawak]] [[Varanidae]] lan [[klad]] [[Toxicofera]], [[kadhal]] kang gedhé dhéwé sadonyo kanthi roto-roto nduwé dowo [[awak]] minongko 2 [[mèter|m]] nganti [[3]] mèter. Wujud komodho kang nduwé bleger awak kang gedhé minongko tondho-tondho [[gigantisme pulo]] yaiku kaanan kang ono ning [[alam]] nggawé awak komodo dadi gedhé koyo [[kéwan]] [[raseksa|rasekso]] kang urip ono ning pulo. Minongko pangowahan kang ono ning wujud awak komodo kéwan-kéwan tartemtu kang urip ning pulo ndadèkaké ora pinuwuhé kayat [[kéwan mamalia]] [[karnivora]] ning pulo kang komodho urip ugo njalari [[metabolisme]] komodo kang urip sancoyo cilik utowo bebayan/longko.<ref name="world">{{cite book |author=Chris Mattison, |title=Lizards of the World (Of the World) |url=https://archive.org/details/lizardsofworld0000matt |publisher=Facts on File |location=New York |year=1989 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/lizardsofworld0000matt/page/16 16], 57, 99, 175 |isbn=0-8160-5716-8 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Burness G, Diamond J, Flannery T |title=Dinosaurs, dragons, and dwarfs: the evolution of maximal body size |journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |volume=98 |issue=25 |pages=14518-23 |year=2001 |pmid=11724953}}</ref> Amargo awaké kang paling gedhé ning sajeroning [[ékosistem]] pulo kang didunungi, kadhal iki dadi prédhator puncak ning papan mau.<ref name="firefly">{{cite book |author=Tim Halliday, Kraig Adler |title=Firefly Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians |year=2002 |url=https://archive.org/details/fireflyencyclope0000unse_u9t8 |publisher=Firefly Books Ltd |location=Hove |pages=[https://archive.org/details/fireflyencyclope0000unse_u9t8/page/112 112], 113, 144, 147, 168, 169 |isbn=1-55297-613-0 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> Komodo tinemu déning peneliti soko [[manca|monco]] [[kulon]] taun [[1910]]. Awaké kang gedhé lan ketok medeni nggawé Komodo misuwur ning kebon binatang. Habitat Komodo ning alam wis samsoyo entek amargo polahé [[manungsa|manungso]]. Kaanan koyo ngono IUCN ndadèkaké Komodo dadi spésies kang arep cures. Biawak gedhé iki saiki dilindungi praturan [[pamarintah]] [[Indonésia]] lan Taman Nasional, yaiku [[Taman Nasional Komodo]]. == Anatomi lan Morfologi == [[Gambar:Komodo dragon skin.jpg|jmpl|ki|Kulit komodo.]] Ing alam bébas Komodo bisa duwé bobot kurang luwih nganti 70&nbsp;kg <ref name="animal" />. Kaanan mangkono bisa katingkatake minangka komodo urip ana ing penangkaran/pangopenan. Spesies kang gedhé dhéwé kang naa ing alam alasan yaiku duwé dawa 3.13 mèter uga bobot kurang luwih 166 kilogram kang kaetung minangka panganan kang ana ing [[weteng]] <ref name="sciam">Ciofi, Claudia. [http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000EFE16-865C-1CD6-B4A8809EC588EEDF The Komodo Dragon]. ''Scientific American'', March 1999. URL diakses padha [[21 Dhésèmber]] [[2006]]</ref> Komodo kacathat minangka kadhal kang pali gedhé kang urip ing [[donya]]. Kéwan kulawarga reptil kang misuwur kejaba komodo yaiku [[biawak Papua]] (''Varanus salvadorii'').<ref name="biz">{{cite web |url=http://www.komododragon.biz/KomodoDragonFactSheet |title=Komodo Dragon-An Information Resource-Fact Sheet |accessdate=2008-03-13 |format= |work= |archive-date=2008-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307024159/http://www.komododragon.biz/KomodoDragonFactSheet |url-status=dead }}</ref> Komodo duwé [[buntut]] kang dawa déning awaké uga kulang luwih 60 [[wiji]] [[untu]] kang lancip uga dawa kurang luwih 2.5 [[sentimeter|cm]].<ref name="whozoo">[http://whozoo.org/students/amabau/komodo_dragon.htm Whozoo Komodo Dragon] URL accessed December 21, 2006.</ref>. == Anatomi dan morfologi == Idu komodo kang asring cecampuran [[getih]] amarga untuné duwé lapisan [[gingiva|jaringan gingiva]] uga jaringan kang ana bisa kacokot wektu mangan.<ref name="location"/> Kaanan mangkono nyipta lingkungan partumbuhan kang ideal kanggo [[baktèri]] bisa mati ing [[cangkem]] komodo.<ref name="docent">[http://szgdocent.org/resource/rr/c-komodo.htm Komodo Dragon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050214110617/http://szgdocent.org/resource/rr/c-komodo.htm |date=2005-02-14 }} URL accessed [[December 21]], 2006.</ref> Komodo duwé [[ilat]] kang dawa, [[warna]] [[kuning]] lan ngepang ''cabang''.<ref name="sciam"/> Komodo [[lanang]] bisa didicireni ing wujud awak kang gedhé tinimbang komodo [[wadon]],Werna kulit komodo kang aneka warna, bisa digolongake utawa dibédakaké minangka jinis lanang utawa wadon.Werna kulit [[klawu]] mateng ngathi [[abang]] [[bata]]. Semanauga komodo wadon duwé warna [[ijo]] [[wong zaitun]] lan duwé warna kuning kang ana ing gorokan utawa [[kalamenjeng]]. Komodo kang isih enom duwé warna kuning,ijo lan [[putih]] kang didasari warna [[ireng]] == Fisiologi == [[Gambar:Varanus komodoensis3.jpg|jmpl|ka|Komodo kang dhèdhè.]] Komodo ora duwé indera pangkugron,sanajan duwé bolongan [[kuping]].<ref name="bbc">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/animals/features/336feature1.shtml |title=BBC-Science & Nature-Articles-The Komodo conundrum |accessdate=2007-11-25 |format= |work= |archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20121223085541/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Komodo_dragon |archivedate=2012-12-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kéwan siji iki duwé kaunggula bisa deleng nganti 300 m.Nanging komodo duwé kakurangan yaiku ora bisa ndeleng ing wektu [[mbengi]] amarga [[retina]] kang diduwèni komodo kapengkar saka [[sèl]] [[krucut]]. Komodo bisa mbedakake warna minangka ing wujud kang lumaku (obah) lan warna ing wujud kang ora lumaku kang ora jelas.<ref name="nzpfactsheet">{{cite web |url=http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/ReptilesAmphibians/Facts/FactSheets/Komododragon.cfm |title=Komodo Dragon Fact Sheet-National Zoo |accessdate=2007-11-25 |format= |work=}}</ref> Komodo migunkake ilat kanggo ngambu/ngerasakake [[stimuli]], kaya ta [[reptil]] liyané, migunakaké indera [[vomeronasal]] mumpangatake [[organ Jacobson]], salah siji kaahlian kang bisa biyantu lumaku ing wayah peteng utawa mbeng.<ref name="draconian"/> Déning anané biyantu [[angin]] lan kabiasaan ngelengake ndhasé ing [[kiwa]] lan [[tengen]] sajeroning malaku, bisa ngerasakake [[daging]] batang ing jarak 4—9.5 [[kilomèter]].<ref name="location"/> Bolongan [[irung]] kang duwé mupangat kanggo piranti pangambungan/ pangambusan amarga komodo ora duwé piranti pangambungan kang luwih apik. [[diafragma]].<ref name="zipcode">[http://zipcodezoo.com/animals/v/varanus_komodoensis.asp Zipcodezoo.com - Varanus komodoensis] URL accessed February 1, 2007.</ref> Hewan ini tidak memiliki indra perasa di lidahnya, hanya ada sedikit ujung-ujung saraf perasa di pérangan belakang tenggorokan.<ref name="draconian">[http://www.draconian.com/dragons/komodo-dragon-background.php Komodo Dragon - Background] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014120152/http://draconian.com/dragons/komodo-dragon-background.php |date=2011-10-14 }} URL accessed April 13, 2007</ref> == Pranala njaba == {{commons|Varanus komodoensis}} {{wikispecies|Varanus komodoensis}} * [http://uninews.unimelb.edu.au/unarticleid_3009.html Discovery of venom in monitor lizards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107074439/http://uninews.unimelb.edu.au/unarticleid_3009.html |date=2007-01-07 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070103043255/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/12/061220-virgin-dragons.html National Geographic NEWS: Virgin Birth Expected at Christmas -- By Komodo Dragon] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6196225.stm BBC NEWS: 'Virgin births' for giant lizards (Komodo Dragon)] * [http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000EFE16-865C-1CD6-B4A8809EC588EEDF The Komodo Dragon] * [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/komodo/ Komodo Dragon Central] == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{featured article}} [[Kategori:Kadhal]] [[Kategori:Satwa nasional Indonésia]] {{kéwan-stub}} frr6d6x6v50h1jqwctnaksqp1rvehhn Kuil Artemis 0 73457 1760199 1758478 2026-11-06T07:16:56Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coor title dms|37|56|59|N|27|21|50|E|type:landmark_source:dewiki}} [[Gambar:Ac artemisephesus.jpg|thumb|300px|Kuil Artemis, kuilipun dewi Artemis.]] '''Kuil Artemis''', (abasa [[Yunani]]: '''Ἀρτεμίσιον''' ''Artemision'', [[Latin]]: '''Artemisium''').<ref name="kas">[http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=7939630 Kuil Artemis]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} dioununduh tanggal 28 Mèi 2011</ref> Sapunika kuil kanggé dewi Artemis ingkang wonten ing tlatah [[Efesus]] (sapunika [[Turki]])<ref name="kuil">[http://www.unmuseum.org/ephesus.htm musium ephesus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408220110/http://www.unmuseum.org/ephesus.htm |date=2011-04-08 }} dupununduh tanggal 28 Mèi 2011</ref> [[Yunani]] kuna<ref name="kunjungan">[http://www.mediaindonesia.com/mediatravelista/index.php/read/2010/08/25/1284/2/Mengunjungi-Tujuh-Keajaiban-Dunia-Kuno kunjungan ke-tujuh keajaiban dunia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610202510/http://www.mediaindonesia.com/mediatravelista/index.php/read/2010/08/25/1284/2/Mengunjungi-Tujuh-Keajaiban-Dunia-Kuno |date=2011-06-10 }} dipununduh tanggal 28 Mèi 2011</ref> dipunyasa laminipun 120 taun<ref name="kunjungan"/>. Dawanipun kuil 425 ''kaki'' (129 [[mèter]]), wonten pinten kolom ingkang nganggé marmerasli.<ref name="kuil"/><ref name="kid">[http://www.kidnesia.com/Kidnesia/Tanya-Nesi/Tempat-Menarik/Kuil-Artemis tempat menarik kuil artemis] dipununduh tanggal 28 Mèi 2011</ref> dipunyasa nalika dinasti [[Achaemenid]]<ref name="kid"/> saking kakaisaran [[Pèrsi]].<ref name="médhia">[http://www.mediahidup.co.cc/2010/12/7-keajaiban-dunia-kuno.html médhia hidu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208122554/http://www.mediahidup.co.cc/2010/12/7-keajaiban-dunia-kuno.html |date=2024-12-08 }} dipununduh tanggal 28 Mèi 2011</ref> Nembe dados nalika taun 550 sadèrèngipun masehi déning raja nalika amarintah tlatah wau.<ref name="eoc">[http://www.eocommunity.com/printthread.php?tid=8425 kaajaiban kuna ing dunya] dipununduh tanggal 28 Mèi 2011</ref> nanging pinten abad sasampunipun dados, kinten-kintan 200 taun sasampunipun (356 sadèrèngipun masehi)<ref name="kunjungan"/>, miturut sumber sanès, kuil kasebat dipunyasa kinten-kinten taun 323 SM.<ref name="kuil"/> kuil kasebat dipunbakar déning tiyang jaler ingkang mados katenaran.<ref name="eoc"/>, tiyang punika namanipun [[Herostratos]] ingkang gadhah pepenginan supados dipuneling ngantos salami-laminipun.<ref name="kunjungan"/> Kuil kasebat dipunyasa kemalih nalika [[Alexander Agung]] sampun ninggal dunya nalika taun 323 SM, namung dipunrusak kemalih déning [[Goth]] taun 268 SM.<ref name="kunjungan"/> Lajeng, kuil kasebat dipundandosi kemalih déning [[Efesus]] (asma tiyang) ugi dipunrusak ingkang pungkasan nalika taun 391 déning sagerombolan tiyang ingkang dipunpimpin kaliyan [[St John Crysostom]].<ref name="kunjungan"/> [[Watu]] saking kuil Artemis dipundamel yasan sanèsipun, ugi yasan [[Hagia Sophia]] wonten tlatah [[Istambul]].<ref name="kunjungan"/> Nalika taun 1900-an kapanggih ''fragmen'' ingkang sapunika saged dipunpirsani wonten [[Britsh Musium]], [[London]], [[Inggris]] ingkang dipunangsal saking pangerukan.<ref name="kunjungan"/> Situs kuil sanèsipun saged dipunpirsani wonten njawinipun [[Selcuk]], [[Turki]] utawi mirsani ''model mini'' ing [[Miniatur Park]], [[Istambul]].<ref name="kunjungan"/> Amargi sapunika kuil mau sampun hancur.<ref name="médhia"/> [[Efesus]] punika 3 [[kilomèter]] pérangan lor kutha [[Selcuk]] utawi kintten-kinten 50 [[kilomèter]] saking Ä°zmir.<ref name="info">[http://liburan.info/content/view/987/44/lang,indonesian/ info kota Efasus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019165950/http://liburan.info/content/view/987/44/lang,indonesian/ |date=2011-10-19 }} dipununduh tanggal 28 Mèi 2011</ref> == Kaajaiban kuna ing dunya == Kuil Artemis sapunika salah satunggaling kaajaiban kuna ingkang wonten ing dunya, tunggalipun saking <ref name="kunjungan"/><ref name="médhia"/>: * [[Piramida Agung Giza]] ([[Mesir]] taun 2500 SM), * [[Taman Gantung Babilonia]] ([[Al Hillah]], [[Bibil]], [[Irak]] taun 600 SM), * [[Patung Zeus ing Olympia]], [[Yunani]] (435-433 SM) * [[Mausoleum Mausolus]] ([[Bodrum]], [[Turki]] taun 350 SM), * [[Colossus Rodos]] ([[Rhodes]], [[Yunani]] taun 290 SM) ugi * [[Mercusuar Iskandariyah]] utawi Mercusuar Alexsandria ([[Alexsandria]], [[Mesir]] taun 280 SM). == Kuil kanggé Dewi Artemis == Kuil ingkang kapisan hambokmenawi dipunyasa nalika taun 800-an SM, ing rawa caket kaliyan [[kali|lepen]] [[Efesus]].<ref name="kuil"/> Dewi Artemis uga dipung tepang '''Diana''', dewi Artemis Yunani punika dewi pemburuan sanès kaliyan dewi Artemis Efesus (dewi kasuburan) asring diwujudaken putri ingkang dipunwungkus tigan (endhog) utawi payudara ingkang luwih saking kalih, simbol kasuburan.<ref name="kuil"/> == Cathetan == {{Reflist}} {{7keajaibandunia}} [[Kategori:Sajarah]] 5ajrapw0ik10gbosbwjpavwclgsi4zr Mercusuar Iskandariyah 0 73461 1760279 1728020 2026-11-06T11:21:12Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760279 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Lighthouse - Thiersch.png|thumb|right|275px|prakiraan saking gambar mercusuar Iskandariyah ingkang dipundamel taun 1909.]] '''Mercusuar Iskandariah''' utawi saged dipunsebat '''Pharos Alexandria''' ([[abasa]] [[Yunani]] <span style="font-size:101% Palatino Linotype">o Φάρος της Αλεξάνδρειας</span>)) sapunika kaajaiban ingkang kuna wonten dunya.<ref name="mercusuar1"/> yasan mercusuar ingkang dipundamel nalika abad kaping 3 SM ingkang dipundamel [[Sostrates saking Knidos]] wonten ing pulau [[Pharos]] <ref name="mercusuar1">[http://unmuseum.mus.pa.us/pharos.htm The Great Mercusuar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609214712/http://unmuseum.mus.pa.us/pharos.htm |date=2011-06-09 }} dipununduh tanggal 30 Mèi 2011</ref> ingkang caket kaliyan kutha [[Iskandariah]] kuna, [[Mesir Kuna]], Inggilipun kinten-kinten luwih saking 115 [[mèter]] kagolong yasan ingkang dipundamel [[manungsa]] paling inggil salami atusan taun, ugi dados mercusuar ingkang kapisan wonten ing dunya.<ref name="mercusuar1"/> [[Antipater]] saking [[Sidon]] nggolongaken yasan kasebat dados yasan ingkang ajaib wonten ing dunya.<ref name="mercusuar3">[http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/pharoslighthouse.htmhttp://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/pharoslighthouse.htmhttp://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/pharoslighthouse.htm kaajaiban kuna ing dunya]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} dipununduh tanggal 31 Mèi 2011</ref> Amargi [[Alexander Agung]] ninggal dunya, pambangunan saking mercusuar punika dipunlajengaken [[Ptolemy Soter]] pangusaha ingkang énggal wonten [[Mesir]].<ref name="mercusuar1"/> == Sajarah == === Pambanguna Mecusuar Iskandariyah === Maecusuar Iskandariyah ingkang dados salah satunggaling kaajaiban kuna ing dunya punika dipunbangung kanggé tujuan praktisi.<ref name="mercusuar3"/> Mercusuar punika dipunyasa wonten pasisir [[Pharos]], mula mercusuar mau dipuntepang ugi '''Pharos Alexandria''', dipundamel déning [[Sostrates saking Knidos]]<ref name="mercusuar1"/> nalika abad kaping 3 Saderengipun Masehi wonten pasisir Pharos ingkang caket kaliyan kutha Iskandariyah kuna, [[Mesir kuna]] kaliyan pangarahan saking Satrap (Gubernur) Ptolemeus kaping I.<ref name="mercusuar2">[http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/worldhistory/pharoslighthouse.htm Mecusuar Iskandariyah] dipununduh tanggal 31 Mèi 2011</ref> Panglima saling Alexandria Agung (Iskandariyah), sasampunipun [[Alexsander Agung]] ninggal dunya, piyambakipun ngangkat dados rajaingkang énggal, ugi nglajengaken pambangunan saking Mercusuar mau.<ref name="mercusuar2"/> Pambangunan Mercusuar Iskandariyah punika dipunsiapalen nalika pamaréntahan putranipun, inggih punika [[Ptolemeus II Philadelphus]].<ref name="mercusuar2"/> Wonten pondasi mercusuar punika dipunangsal ukiran nama saking ''Sostrates'', nanging [[Ptolemy II]] boten sarujuk manawi namanipun ''Sostrates saking Knidos'' dados prasasti wonten mercusuar mau, putra raja Mesir mau namung remen manawi namung namanipun piyambak ingkang wonten mriku.<ref name="mercusuar1"/> Mula, asma saking ''Sosttrates'' dipuntutup plester, nuli wonten plester mau dipunserat namanipun ''Ptolemy''.<ref name="mercusuar1"/> [[Sostrates saking Knidos]] punika saestunipun putra saking [[Dexiphanes saking Cnidia]] ingkang mbakti bangun yasan kanggé para déwa-déwa, kanggé para pelayar ugi kanggé panjelajah laut.<ref name="mercusuar2"/> === Karusakan Mercusuar Iskandariyah === Sami kaliyan yasan kuna sanèsipun, Mercusuar punika dipunmangertosi rusak amargi bencana alam, kaya ta lindhu<ref name="mercusuar1"/>. Mercusuar ingkang sampun jumeneng kanthos 1500 tauh punika, rusak amargi ''tremor'' nalika taun 365 kaliyan 1303 Masehi, wonten laporan ingkang maringi priksa, Mercusuar punika akiripun ambruk nalika taun 1326.<ref name="mercusuar1"/> Wonten lapuran ingkang njentrehaken, manawi mercusuar punika dipunrusak nganggé tipu daya.<ref name="mercusuar1"/> Nalika taun 850 AD, Kaisar Konstantinopel amargi persaingan anggawe rencana kanggé nyingkirake [[Pharos]].<ref name="mercusuar1"/> Piyambakipun nyebar berita ingkang boten estu, bab Mercusuar Iskandariyah ingkang wonten bandha ing andhapipun.<ref name="mercusuar1"/> Monumen saking Mercusuar Iskamdariyah punika dipundadosaken modhèl kangge3 ''prototipe'' wonten pasisir ing laut tengah, [[Spayol]], dipunpanggih saking unsur linguistik, Mercusuar punika maringi asma ''Pharos'' kanggé sakabehing Mercusuar wonten dunya.<ref name="mercusuar3"/> == ''Deskripsi'' saking Mercusuar Iskandariyah == Wonten kalih wedharan ingkang rinci bab mercusuar punika nalika abad kaping 10 Masehi déning ''wisatawan'' [[Moor Idrisi]] kaliyan [[Yusuf Ibn al-Shaikh]]<ref name="mercusuar1"/> Miturut lapuran punika, banguna mercusuar gadhah inggil 300 hasta.<ref name="mercusuar1"/> nanging pangukuran ngagem hasta wonten waneka warni, boten sami kaliyan laladan sanèsipun, saged dipunkinten, inggilipun ngantos 450 dugi 600 kaki.<ref name="mercusuar1"/> Nanging inggil punika boten mesti.<ref name="mercusuar1"/> yasan punika dipunyasa saking blok watuan [[marmer]] kaliyan mortal [[timah]].<ref name="mercusuar1"/> Tingkang ingkang paling andhap kadosipun gadhah inggil 200 [[mèter]], 100 meterpersegi (kados kotak ingkang ageng), wonten pérangan punika wonten ''ramp spiral'' ageng ingkang saged anggawe bahan-bahan kanggé yasa dipunangkut mendhuwur.<ref name="mercusuar1"/> inggilipun saking yasan punika wonten menara ingkang bentukipun sisih wolu, dipunlajengaken ''silinder'' ingkang cungkupipun mbukak (papan geni ingkang dados panerang).<ref name="mercusuar1"/> Wonten patung ageng [[Poseidon]] ing inggilipun kubah, wonten atusan ruwang panyimpanan ing pérangan ingkang ngandhap.<ref name="mercusuar1"/> Wonten mercusuar punika wonten kaca ingkang saged dados piranti kanggé konsèntrasi [[srengéngé|surya]] supados saged mbakar kapal saking mungsuh nalika kapal mau nyedak.<ref name="mercusuar3"/> Kaca punika saged mantulaken geni tebihipun kanthi luwih saking 35 mil.<ref name="mercusuar3"/> Kebul saking pambakaran wonten nginggil mercusuar punika saged dipunpirsani nalika enjang ngantos 100 mil tebihipun.<ref name="mercusuar3"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{7keajaibandunia}} [[Kategori:Yunani kuna]] [[Kategori:Mesir Kuna]] [[Kategori:Sajarah]] anvd13hkrcuq72kgwrfdutq72d9e2cx Koala 0 73476 1760175 1751805 2026-11-06T06:06:52Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = pink | name = Koala | status = LC | trend = unknown | status_system = iucn3.1 | image = Koala climbing tree.jpg | image_width = 220px | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | infraclassis = [[Marsupial]]ia | ordo = [[Diprotodontia]] | subordo = [[Vombatiformes]] | familia = [[Phascolarctidae]] | genus = ''[[Phascolarctos]]'' | species = '''''P. cinereus''''' | binomial = ''Phascolarctos cinereus'' | binomial_authority = ([[Georg August Goldfuss|Goldfuss]], 1817) }} '''Koala''' punika satunggaling [[marsupial]] [[hèrbivor]] ingkang aslinipun saking [[Ostrali]].<ref name="Britannica">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/320721/koala</ref> Koala punika tunggal-tunggalipun wakil saking kulawargi ''Phascolarctidae''.<ref name="Britannica"/> Koala punika gadhah nama latin ''Phasclarctas Cinereus''.<ref name="internet1"/> Koala jaler saha koala wadon punika gadhah ciri fisik ingkang bènten.<ref name="internet1"/> Manawi koala jaler punika ukuran badanipun langkung ageng tinimbang koala wadon.<ref name="internet1"/> Miliginipun Koala ingkang gesang wonten ing pérangan Ostrali Kidul punika ukuranipun langkung ageng kirang langkung 30% tinimbang koala ingkang gesang wonten ing [[Ostrali lor|Ostrali lèr]].<ref name="internet38">[http://www.giftlog.com/pictures/koala_fact.htm giftlog.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Koala punika kados bruwang alit ingkang manggén wonten ing [[wit]]-witan.<ref name="internet7"/> Koala kalebet [[kéwan]] hèrbivor.<ref name="internet7"/> Kéwan koala punika awratipun kirang langkung [[9]] [[kg]] (£ 20).<ref name="internet7"/> Ulesipun kandel, limrahipun awerni ngawu layan saha wonten warni [[coklat]] sakedhik-sakedhik.<ref name="internet7"/> Koala punika boten kalebet bruwang sanajan wujudipun kados [[bruwang]] alit.<ref name="internet2"/> Koala boten gadhah [[plasenta]] utawi boten kalebet salah satunggaling [[mamalia]].<ref name="internet2"/> Nanging koala kalebet kéwan marsupial ingkang nglairaken anak saha ngagengaken wonten ing kanthong.<ref name="internet2"/> Saéngga boten leres manawi koala dipunwastani koala bruwang nanging cekap dipunwastani kanthi nama koala kémawon.<ref name="internet2"/> == Étimologi == Tembung koala asalipun saking [[Basa Sydney|basa Dharuk]] ''gula''. Sanajan vokal {{IPA | / u /}} aslinipun dipunserat wonten ing ortografi [[Inggris]] kados déné /oo/ (wonten éjaan dipunwaos kados wonten ing tembung ''Coola'' utawi ''koolah'') nanging dipunowahi dados /oa/.<ref name="buku1"/> Fonem /oo/ ingkang owah dados /oa/ punika kalasemanten wonten kalepatan nanging sampun dados kabiyasaan saéngga namanipun boten koola nanging koala.<ref name="buku1">[Dixon, R.M.W.; Moore, Bruce; Ramson, W. S.; Thomas, Mandy.2006.Australian Aboriginal Words in English: Their Origin and Meaning edisi 2.South Melbourne:Oxford University Press.isbn=0-19-554073-5]</ref> Sanajan koala punika boten kalebet bruwang nanging kang ndunungi ingkang ngginakaken [[basa Inggris]] nalika [[abad kaping 18]] nalika samanten mastani koala kanthi nama bruwang koala amargi wujudipun koala ingkang mèmpèr kaliyan bruwang.<ref name="buku2"/> Sanajan [[taksonomi]] punika salah, taksih wonten ingkang mastani koala kanthi nama ''bruwang koala''.<ref name="buku2"/> Tiyang-tiyang ingkang mastani kanthi nama punika limrahipun sanès tiyang Ostrali.<ref name="buku2">[Leitner, Gerhard; Sieloff, Inke. 1998.Aboriginal words and concepts in Australian English.World Englishes.volume 17. kaca 153–169]</ref> Nanging nama punika boten dipunwajibaken amargi kirang trep.<ref name="internet2"/> == Titikan == Koala punika kéwan ingkang badanipun katutup déning [[wulu]].<ref name="internet1"/> Wulunipun alus saha warninipun [[ngawu layan]].<ref name="internet1"/> Nanging wonten ing pérangan lan ing pérangan [[jaja]]nipun wonten wulu alus ingkang warninipun [[pethak]].<ref name="internet1"/> Koala punika kalebet kéwan ingkang gadhah irung ingkang [[pésék]] saha [[talingan]] ingkang ageng.<ref name="internet1"/> Kajawi punika koala ugi gadhah [[kuku]].<ref name="internet1"/> Ginanipun kuku punika kanggé ménék wit nalika pados [[ron]]-ronan kanggé madhang.<ref name="internet1"/> Kajawi wulunipun ingkang kandel, alus, saha talinganipun ingkang ageng, koala ugi gadhah [[suku]] saha [[tangan]] ingkang dawa saha wonten kuku landhep wonten ing [[driji]]nipun.<ref name="internet3">[http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/world/koala.html#cr wildlifeextra.com]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 5 Oktober 2011)</ref> Koala punika mangan [[oyot]] saha [[ron]] [[tetuwuhan]].<ref name="internet2">[https://www.savethekoala.com/koalasfacts.html savethekoala.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090913144954/https://www.savethekoala.com/koalasfacts.html |date=2009-09-13 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 29 Mèi 2011)</ref> Koala punika kalebet kéwan kas Ostrali.<ref name="internet1"/> Koala ugi dados maskot utawi ikon kanggé promosi [[wisata]] [[Ostrali]] wonten ing [[indhustri]] [[pariwisata]].<ref name="internet1"/> Wonten ing Ostrali wonten kalih spésies koala, limrahipun dipunwastani koala lor saha koala kidul.<ref name="internet1">[http://www.australianfauna.com/koala.php australianfauna.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204141958/http://australianfauna.com/koala.php |date=2012-02-04 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 29 Mèi 2011)</ref> Koala punika kalebet salah satunggaling kéwan kas Ostrali ingkang gadhah [[kanthong]].<ref name="internet3"/> Koala ugi jarang nginum amargi koala punika nedha [[ekaliptus]] ingkang sampun ngandhut kathah [[toya]] saéngga koala boten prelu mandhap saking wit kanggé nginum.<ref name="internet3"/> [[Gambar:Koala grooming.ogv|thumb|left|Koala ménék wit]] Koala punika kalebet kéwan [[mamalia]] ingkang gesangipun manggén wonten ing [[tetuwuhan]].<ref name="internet5"/> Koala punika radi sami kaliyan [[bruwang]] alit nanging warninipun ngawu layan.<ref name="internet5"/> Koala punika kalebet jinis [[marsupialia]], inggih punika kéwan ingkang gadhah kanthong wonten ing pérangan madharan utawi dipunwastani [[marsupium]].<ref name="internet5"/> Koala limrahipun mbeta anak-anakipun ingkang déréng diwasa wonten ing nglebet kantong punika.<ref name="internet5"/> Koala punika boten gadhah [[buntut]], nanging koala punika gadhah [[grana]] ingkang ageng saha boten katutup [[rambut]] kados pérangan badan ingkang sanès.<ref name="internet5"/> Koala ugi gadhah [[talingan]] ingkang wujudipun bunder.<ref name="internet5"/> Koala diwasa ukuran badanipun inggih punika [[64]] ngantos [[76]] [[cm]] saha awratipun [[7]]-[[14]] [[kg]].<ref name="internet5">[http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/sains/2011/05/09/brk,20110509-333164,id.html tempointeraktif.com](dipununundhuh tanggal 29 Mèi 2011)</ref> Nama koala punika asalipun saking suku [[Aborigin]].<ref name="internet5"/> Koala punika gadhah tegesipun boten nginum utawi boten ngombé.<ref name="internet5"/> Koala saged njagi kirang langkung [[90]] persén cuwèran ingkang wonten ing badanipun saking [[eukaliptus]].<ref name="internet5"/> Koala limrahipun nginum nalika nembé sakit utawi manggon wonten papan panggénan ingkang garing.<ref name="internet5"/> Ron [[eukaliptus]] punika ugi dipunwastani [[ron]] gusi.<ref name="internet7">[http://www.thekoala.com/koala/ thekoala.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 3 Oktober 2011)</ref> Koala punika dados mamalia ingkang saged mertahanaken gesangipun namung nedha ron eukaliptus.<ref name="internet7"/> Koala kalebet kéwan marsupial ingkang taksih gadhah gayutan katurunan kaliyan [[kanguru]].<ref name="internet6"/> Kéwan marsupial punika gadhah kanthong ingkang ginanipun kanggé wadhah koala alit ingkang nembé lair.<ref name="internet6"/> Ibunipun koala limrahipun nglairaken satunggal anak koala saben nglairaken, dados cacahipun namung satunggal bayi koala.<ref name="internet6"/> Koala ingkang lair limrahipun gadhah ukuran sami kaliyan ''kacang jelly''.<ref name="internet6"/> Bayi koala punika nalika lair kanthi kaanan ingkang wuta, wuda, saha gadhah [[talingan]].<ref name="internet6"/> Nalika lair, koala ingkang taksih alit punika saged pados margi piyambak tumuju ing kanthong ibunipun koala.<ref name="internet6">[http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/kids/animals/creaturefeature/koala/ kids.nationalgeographic.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001024015/http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/kids/animals/creaturefeature/koala/ |date=2011-10-01 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 3 Oktober 2011)</ref> Koala saged mlumpat saking wit satunggal ing wit sanèsipun kanthi jarak ngantos [[150]] kaki (45,72 mèter) diukur saking pucuk wit.<ref name="internet26"/> Koala punika kalebet kéwan ingkang kalem saha boten kathah polah.<ref name="internet26"/> Koala namung aktif kirang langkung satunggal jam saben dintenipun.<ref name="internet26"/> Kajawi punika koala ugi saged nyuwanten ingkang santer sanget saha [[swanten]] agresif nalika rumaos wonten bebaya.<ref name="internet26"/> Sanajan koala punika katingal anteng nanging koala ugi saged lumayu.<ref name="internet26"/> Punika amargi koala gadhah [[predhator]] ingkang sawayah-wayah saged mbebayani.<ref name="internet26"/> Predhator punika kados ta [[segawon]].<ref name="internet26"/> Koala punika saged lumayu sami kaliyan [[kelinci]].<ref name="internet26"/> Koala punika gadhah [[buntut]], buntut koala punika ginanipun kanggé lenggah nalika koala manggon ing wit ingkang dangunipun saged pirang-pirang jam.<ref name="internet26"/> Koala punika arang mudhuh saking wit.<ref name="internet26"/> Tujuwanipun supados tetep aman saking prédhator.<ref name="internet26"/> Grananipun koala punika gadhah [[rambut]] ''sensitif'' kanggé nemokaken ron eukaliptus ingkang saé piyambak.<ref name="internet39">[http://www.pocanticohills.org/cook/7thgrade/koalareport.htm pocanticohills.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119081022/http://www.pocanticohills.org/cook/7thgrade/koalareport.htm |date=2012-01-19 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Wonten ugi tiyang ingkang mastani koala punika mirib kaliyan bruwang teddy.<ref name="internet45"/> Kajawi punika wonten tiyang ingkang mastani koala mirib kaliyan [[wombat]] nanging wulunipun koala langkung ketel, saha talinganipun langkung ageng.<ref name="internet45"/> Kajawi wonten ing Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary ing Queensland, koala ugi gesang wonten ing [[Cagar Alam Tidbinbilla]] caketipun [[Canberra]], wonten ing [[Port Stephens]], New South Wales, saha uripliar wonten ing [[Taman Nasional Yanchep]] ing Ostrali Barat.<ref name="internet45">[http://www.australia.com/id/articles/australias_animals.aspx australia.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Koala gadhah waja ingkang jumbuh kaliyan ginanipun minangka kéwan hèrbivor saha [[diprotodontia|diprotodont]] ingkang mirib kaliyan marsupial kados ta [[kanguru]] saha wombat.<ref name="internet48"/> Waja koala punika landhep sanget manawi kanggé nglembutaken ron-ronan.<ref name="internet48"/> Koala gadhah waja ingkang mliginipun kanggé nyepeng ron wonten ing ngajeng tutuk.<ref name="internet48"/>''Gigi susu formula'' koala kasusun déning {{​​DentalFormula | ndhuwur = 3.1.1.4 | ngisirrendah = 1.0.1.4}}<ref name="internet48">[http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/publications/fauna-of-australia/pubs/volume1b/17-ind.pdf environment.gov.au](dipunundhuh tanggal 7 Oktober 2011)</ref> Utek ''nenek moyang'' koala punika gadhah ''volume'' otek ingkang ngebaki ''gronggongan cumplung'', nanging wonten koala sapunika ''volume'' utek punika sampun kirang.<ref name="internet49"/> Miturut panalitén, punika dipunsebabaken amargi dhiet ''cendhèk'' [[énérgi]].<ref name="internet49"/> Nalika kadadéan evolusi koala, koala namung mangan panganan ingkang gadhah ''unsur hara'' ingkang sakedhik, kejawi punika koala ugi gadhah [[metabolisme]] ingkang kirang saha kabiyasaan ''slothlike'' ingkang limrahipun dipunggadhahi kaliyan kéwan ingkang mangan ron-ronan tuwuhan.<ref name="internet49">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120710165749/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1134/is_6_108/ai_55127881/ findarticles.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 7 Oktober 2011)</ref> Kirang langkung sekawan dasa persèn ''gronggongan'' [[cumplung]] koala dipunisi kaliyan. Koala punika dados satunggal-satunggalipun kéwan wonten ing [[donya]] ingkang ''volume'' utekipun sangsaya susut.<ref name="buku4">[Flannery, T.F. 1994. The Future Eaters: An ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People. Sydney:Reed New Holland. kaca 86]</ref> == Koala jaler == Koala jaler punika gadhah swanten ingkang limrahipun dipun-ginakaken nalika mangsa kawin.<ref name="internet40"/> Swanten punika saged ndamel koala jaler punika katingal langkung ageng tinimbang aslinipun.<ref name="internet40"/> Saking panalitèn ingkang dipunpublikasékaken wonten ing [[The Journal of Experimental Biology]], nedahaken bilih swanten punika ndadosaken koala boten saged dipunbéntenaken kaliyan [[bison]].<ref name="internet40"/> Kanthi swanten punika koala jaler saged ngusir mengsahipun saha narik kawigatén koala wadon kanggé kawin.<ref name="internet40"/> Manawi dipunmirengaken saking [[résonansi]] swantenipun punika saged ndamel koala katingal langkung ageng.<ref name="internet40">[http://teknologi.vivanews.com/news/read/251154-lenguhan-koala-bisa--menipu--ukuran-tubuhnya teknologi.vivanews.com]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Wonten ''variasi'' swanten ingkang dipungadhahi koala jaler, punika wonten gèndhèng cènèngipun kaliyan agengipun swanten.<ref name="internet41">[http://sasak.net/nasional/66-teknologi/114888-lenguhan-koala-bisa-menipu-ukuran-tubuhnya.html sasak.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204141243/http://sasak.net/nasional/66-teknologi/114888-lenguhan-koala-bisa-menipu-ukuran-tubuhnya.html |date=2024-12-04 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Bayi Koala == [[Gambar:Cutest Koala.jpg|thumb|150 px|right|Koala ingkang taksih alit]] Koala ingkang taksih alit punika dawanipun [[1]] [[inci]] (2,54 CM).<ref name="internet26"/> Koala ingkang nembé lair punika agengipun kirang langkung sami kaliyan [[tawon]].<ref name="internet26"/> Bayi koala ,manggén wonten kanthong ibunipun ngantos umuripun [[6]] [[wulan]] saha nalika taksih nyusu.<ref name="internet26"/> Nalika bayi koala manggén wonten ing kanthong ibunipun, bayi koala namung pikantuk [[nutrisi]] saking [[susu]].<ref name="buku5"/> Nalika manggèn wonten ing kanthong punika koala lajeng tuwuh [[talingan]], [[mripat]] saha wulunipun.<ref name="buku5"/> Koala lajeng disapih nalika yuswanipun sampun [[12]] [[wulan]].<ref name="buku5">[Handasyde, Kathrine Ann. 1999. The Koala: Natural History, Conservation and Management. UNSW Press. kaca 64–65. isbn:0868405442. Seri:Australian Natural History Series edisi 2]</ref> == Habitat == [[Gambar:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg|thumb|200 px|''Lambang'' nagara Ostrali, nagara ingkang dados habitat koala]] Koala kathah-kathahipun manggén wonten ing pérangan [[pasisir]] wétan Ostrali inggih punika wonten ing [[Adelaide]] ngantos dumugi [[Ujung]] [[Cape York]].<ref name="internet3"/> Kajawi punika koala ugi saged gesang wonten ing tlatah pedalaman.<ref name="internet3"/> Dhaérah pedalaman punika gadhah ''curah hujan'' ingkang saé kanggé gesangipun koala.<ref name="internet3"/> Koala punika kalebet kéwan ingkang dipunjagi wonten ing nagara Ostrali saéngga sinten tiyang ingkang ngingoni koala punika ugi kénging paukuman.<ref name="internet3"/> Koala punika kalebet kéwan ingkang dipunjagi amargi koala cacahipun namung sakedhik ing donya punika.<ref name="internet3"/> Koala dipunlindungi supados boten cures.<ref name="internet3"/> Wonten ing pérangan kidul [[Ostrali]], koala punika gesang wonten ing praja [[Mumbulla]] wonten ing pasisir kidul Ostrali.<ref name="internet4">[http://www.antaranews.com/berita/1271060128/aktivis-berupaya-selamatkan-habitat-koala antaranews.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 29 Mèi 2011)</ref> Koala punika gesang wonten ing praja Ostrali kados ta wonten ing [[Queensland]], [[New South Wales]], [[Victoria]], saha [[Ostrali Selatan]].<ref name="internet5"/> Koala ugi manggén wonten ing [[Atherton Tableland]] (tlatah ing kulon Cairns), wonten ing [[Qld]] saha pulo-pulo lepas [[pasisir Victoria]] saha Ostrali Selatan ing pérangan kidul.<ref name="internet7"/> Habitat Koala Victoria kalebet panggénan ingkang paling asrep wonten ing Ostrali.<ref name="internet11"/> Déné habitat Koala Queensland punika kalebet salah satunggaling papan panggénan ingkang paling panas ing nagara Ostrali.<ref name="internet11"/> Koala limrahipun manggén wonten ing [[wana]] ingkang kathah semakipun.<ref name="internet7"/> Kajawi punika koala ugi asring manggén wonten ing pulo-pulo pasisir saha wonten ing [[wana ekaliptus]].<ref name="internet7"/> Koala punika boten gadhah [[griya]] ingkang [[permanen]] utawi tetep.<ref name="internet10"/> Koala gadhah wewengkon kanggé papan panggénan nanging koala boten manggèn wonten ing wit ingkang tetep, nanging koala punika manggén kanthi [[nomaden]] tegesipun pindhah-pindhah panggénan ing wayah kang tinamtu.<ref name="internet10">[http://www.koala-bears.org/habitat.html koala-bears.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923151508/http://www.koala-bears.org/habitat.html |date=2011-09-23 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 5 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Golékan == Golékan koala punika dados ''souvenir'' kas Ostrali nalika wisata wonten mrika.<ref name="internet25"/> Nanging golekan koala ugi sampun kathah dipundamel wonten ing nagara-nagara sanèsipun.<ref name="internet25"/> Golékan koala punika dipundamel kanthi modhél saha ukuran ingkang bénten.<ref name="internet25"/> Wiwit alit ngantos ageng.<ref name="internet25"/> Werninipun ugi bénten, wonten ingkang awerni [[pethak]], coklat, saha ngawu layan.<ref name="internet25">[http://pariwisata.infogue.com/oleh_oleh_dari_australia_tidak_harus_ke_luar_negeri pariwisata.infogue.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115132003/http://pariwisata.infogue.com/oleh_oleh_dari_australia_tidak_harus_ke_luar_negeri |date=2009-11-15 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Populasi == Koala limrahipun gesang kanthi populasi ingkang awujud kalompok kados ta manungsa.<ref name="internet7"/> Koala ugi asring srawung kaliyan kalompok koala sanèsipun.<ref name="internet7"/> Punika amargi koala mbetahaken wana eukaliptus ingkang wiyar saha saged kanggé gesang populasi koala ingkang séhat.<ref name="internet7"/> Koala punika gadhah tlatah teritorial kanggé satunggal kalompok.<ref name="internet7"/> Wonten ing sajeroning satunggal kalompok punika antawisipun koala satunggal saha satunggalipun gesang sareng lan hangrungkebi.<ref name="internet7"/> Saben kalompok manggén wonten ing salah satunggaling tlatah ingkang dipunkuwasani kalompok punika.<ref name="internet7"/> Dhaérah punika wujud wit-wit ingkang cacahipun langkung saking kalih.<ref name="internet7"/> Kajawi kanggé panggènan gesang, wit-wit kala wau ugi dipun-ginakaken kanggé sumber pangan saha panggènan kanggé [[sosialisasi]].<ref name="internet7"/> Wiyaripun panggénan punika gumantung saking cacahipun kalompok koala.<ref name="internet7"/> Koala gadhah cara kanggé nedahaken bilih panggènan wit punika dados gadhahipun kalompok koala.<ref name="internet7"/> Wit-witan ingkang dipun-ginakaken kanggé omah punika ugi saged nggabung kaliyan kalompok sanèsipun.<ref name="internet7"/> Wit ingkang dados habitat langkung saking satunggal kalompok punika dadod wit ingkang wigati sanget.<ref name="internet7"/> Populasi koala namung saged makempal bilih wonten habitat ingkang pas kanggé populasi punika.<ref name="internet7"/> Wit-witan saha kaanan siti saha curah udan ingkang pas punika ingkang njalari cocog botenipun kanggé populasi koala.<ref name="internet7"/> Limrahipun koala remen manggén wonten ing wit eukaliptus nanging wonten ugi ingkang manggén ing wit sanèsipun.<ref name="internet7"/> Wonten ing salah satunggaling [[populasi]] koala, wonten koala jaler ingkang ageng.<ref name="internet51"/> Koala ageng punika gadhah tanggel jawab dhumateng klompokipun.<ref name="internet51"/> Koala jaler saged kawin kaliyan sekawan koala wadon.<ref name="internet51">[http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/journal/brutish-koala-bellows-attract-mates-not-ward-off-rivals.htm/ australiangeographic.com.au] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213234415/http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/journal/brutish-koala-bellows-attract-mates-not-ward-off-rivals.htm/ |date=2013-12-13 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 8 Oktober 2011)</ref> Koala wadon limrahipung galak utawi ''agresif'' nalika nembé ngandhut saha ing mangsa-mangsa pungkasan nyusoni.<ref name="internet52">[http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/WR9800177.htm publish.csiro.au](dipunundhuh tanggal 8 Oktober 2011)</ref> Koala punika kathah-kathahipun mangan lan aktif nalika wayah [[dalu]].<ref name="internet54">[http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/tsprofile/profile.aspx?id=10616 threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423010221/http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/tsprofile/profile.aspx?id=10616 |date=2011-04-23 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 8 Oktober 2011)</ref> Setunggal populasi koala punika mbetahaken kirang langkung [[20]] ngantos [[25]] wit ingkang dados tlatah kalompok koala.<ref name="internet56">[http://macedon-ranges-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/have-your-say-macedon-ranges-koala-habitat-plea/ macedon-ranges-leader.whereilive.com.au] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812045114/http://macedon-ranges-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/have-your-say-macedon-ranges-koala-habitat-plea/ |date=2010-08-12 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 8 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Variétas Eukaliptus == [[Gambar:Eucalyptus leucoxylon1.jpg|thumb|left|100 px|Wit eucalyptus ingkang dados pakanan Koala]] Ing Ostrali jinis eukaliptus cacahipun langkung saking [[600]], nanging koala namung mangan kirang langkung [[40]]-[[50]] ''varietas''.<ref name="internet7"/> Kajawi punika namung wonten kirang langkung 10 variétas wit eukaliptus ingkang dipunremeni koala.<ref name="internet7"/> Wonten ing sajeroning panggénan ingkang kathah tuwuh tuwuhan eukaliptus, namung wonten kalih ngantos tiga wit eukaliptus ingkang dados panggénan tetep populasi koala, déné wit ingkang sanèsipun namung kanggé pangkringan ingkang wekdalipun boten dangu.<ref name="internet7"/> Saben tlatah wonten ing Ostrali, gadhah jinis utawi variétas eukaliptus ingkang bénten.<ref name="internet7"/> Pramila koala ingkang manggén wonten ing [[Victoria]] umpaminipun, ugi gadhah pakanan ingkang bènten kaliyan koala ingkang menggen wonten ing Queensland.<ref name="internet7"/> Kajawi mangan saking wit eukaliptus koala inggih saged mangan tuwuhan sanèsipun kados ta [[pial]] utawi wit [[tèh]].<ref name="internet7"/> Eukaliptus punika tuwuhan asli Ostrali.<ref name="internet13"/> Wit eukaliptus wonten ingkang nginggilipun namung puluhan mèter nanging wonten ugi ingkang ngantos satunggal atus mèter.<ref name="internet13"/> Eukaliptus punika wit ingkang kayunipun atos.<ref name="internet13"/> Eukaliptus [[kayu]] atos ingkang paling inggil sadonya.<ref name="internet13"/> Wit eukaliputus punika saged tuwuh wonten ing panggénan kanthi [[iklim]] ingkang bénten, umpaminipun wonten ing [[padhang pasir]] saha wonten ing panggénan ingkang asrep sanget.<ref name="internet13"/> Kajawi punika wit eukaliptus ugi saged kapanggih wonten ing caket pasisir menapa déné ing [[pagunungan]].<ref name="internet13"/> Wit eukaliptus kalebet wit ingkang ''tahan'' [[geni]].<ref name="internet13"/> Wit punika gadhah lapisan kandel ingkang saged nglothok sasampunipun kobongan.<ref name="internet13"/> Wijinipun saged tuwuh wonten ing siti utawi wonten ing ''kacang pohon'' mataun-taun dangunipun.<ref name="internet13"/> Wiji punika saged tuwuh sasampunipun kobongan.<ref name="internet13"/> Pramila sanajan wana eukaliptus kobong, wit punika saged tuwuh kanthi rikat sasampunipun kobongan.<ref name="internet13"/> Wit eukaliptus ugi saged gesang nalika mangsa katiga.<ref name="internet13"/> Punika amargi ron-ronipun eukaliptus gogrog nalika wayah katiga.<ref name="internet13"/> Wit eukaliptus ugi saged tuwuh wonten ing siti Ostrali ingkang kirang subur.<ref name="internet13">[http://www.dfat.gov.au/aii/publications/bab03/index.html dfat.gov.au] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925020018/http://www.dfat.gov.au/aii/publications/bab03/index.html |date=2011-09-25 }}(dipunudhuh tanggal 5 Oktober 2011)</ref> Kajawi kanggé pakan koala, wit eukaliptus limrahipun dipun-ginakaken kanggé [[kayu]] [[graji]], ''konstruksi finir'', ''plywood'', ''furniture'', bahan kanggé ndamel ''pulp'' saha [[dluwang]].<ref name="internet17">[http://library.usu.ac.id/download/fp/hutan-siti9.pdf library.usu.ac.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731042033/http://library.usu.ac.id/download/fp/hutan-siti9.pdf |date=2009-07-31 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Eukaliptus kalebet tuwuhan taunan ingkang saged gesang ngrembaka saha mbetahaken cahya [[sréngéngé]] ingkang kathah.<ref name="internet16">[http://www.indonesianforest.com/Tanaman_andalan/Eucalyptus.PDF indonesianforest.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050424194118/http://www.indonesianforest.com/Tanaman_andalan/Eucalyptus.PDF |date=2005-04-24 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Eukaliptus punika tuwuhan ingkang gampil semi nalika dipuntegor saha kalebet tuwuhan ingkang cekap kuwat manawi wonten [[rayap]].<ref name="internet16"/> Eukaliptus tuwuh kanthi rikat mliginipun nalika taksih eném.<ref name="internet16"/> Oyot eukaliptus ingkang taksih eném rikat sanget tuwuh wonten ing salebeting siti.<ref name="internet16"/> Panyebaran [[oyot]] kanthi arah mangisor sami kaliyan ingkang arahipun nyamping kiwa tengen.<ref name="internet16"/> ''Eucalyptus spp'' kalebet famili [[Myrtaceae]].<ref name="internet16"/> Eukaliptus gadhah kirang lankung [[700]] jinis.<ref name="internet16"/> Ron eukaliptus wujudipun lanset saha wonten ugi ingkang ''bulat telur'' dawa.<ref name="internet16"/> Déné wonten ing pérangan pucukipun lincip.<ref name="internet16"/> Wit eukaliptus ingkang taksih ném limrahipun ronnipun adhep-adhepan saha gadhah ron ingkang ukuranipun langkung ageng tinimbang wit eukaliptus ingkang sampun sepuh.<ref name="internet16"/> Nalika wit sampun sepuh, panggènan ronipun punika sgarudha-seling saha boten adhep-adhepan malih.<ref name="internet16"/> Taneman Eucalyptus sampun misuwur wiwit abad [[18]].<ref name="internet18"/> Taneman punika sangsaya nrembaka nalika taun [[1980]] sasampunipun [[Konggrès Kehutanan Sedunia]] kaping [[VIII]] ing [[Jakarta]] nalika taun [[1978]].<ref name="internet18"/> Nanging taun [[1988]] wonten kritik ingkang nedahaken bilih tuwuhan eukaliptus gadhah prabawa négatif tumrap lingkungan.<ref name="internet18"/> Salah satunggaling efek négatif tumrap lingkungan inggih punika amargi eukaliptus saged ngrisak kaseimbangan [[hidrologi]].<ref name="internet18">[http://www.dephut.go.id/index.php?q=id/node/1267 dephut.go.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312073308/http://www.dephut.go.id/index.php?q=id/node/1267 |date=2016-03-12 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Eukaliptus kalebet tuwuhan ingkang miltiguna saha saged tuwuh wonten ing lahan ''marjinal'' utawi ''kritis''.<ref name="internet19">[http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/AC772E/ac772e09.htm fao.org](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktobet 2011)</ref> ==== Wana eukaliptus teles ==== Wit-wit eukaliptus ingkang gesang wonten ing wana ingkang teles utawi ''lembab'' punika kalebet wit-wit eukaliptus ingkang paling inggil.<ref name="internet13"/> Wana punika wonten ing pasisir wétan Ostrali, [[Tasmania]], saha [[Ostrali Barat]].<ref name="internet13"/> Dhaérah punika kalebet tlatah ingkang kathah curah udanipun.<ref name="internet13"/> Wonten ing wana eukaliptus ingkang teles punika kathah wit eukaliptus ingkang nginggilipun ngantos pitung puluh [[méter]].<ref name="internet13"/> ==== Wana eukaliptus garing ==== [[Gambar:Flag of Australia.svg|thumb|200 px|Gendéra Ostrali, nagara konservasi koala]] Wana jinis punika dados wana eukaliptus ingkang paling umum.<ref name="internet13"/> Wana eukaliptus garing punika kathah kapanggih wonten ing tlatah pasisir saking [[Tanjung York]] ngantos Tasmania saha Ostrali Selatan.<ref name="internet13"/> Wana punika ugi wonten ing Ostrali Barat.<ref name="internet13"/> Limrahipun wonten wana punika kathah ''semak'' tuwuh ngrembaka.<ref name="internet13"/> Wit ''semak ''punika kados ta wit [[kasuarina]], [[akasia]], [[banksia]] saha [[kalistemon]].<ref name="internet13"/> Nalika sajeroning sedasa taun wonten kobongan ingkang cacahipun langkung saking satunggal, pramila ''semak'' punika lajeng pejah saha dipungantosaken [[suket]]-suketan.<ref name="internet13"/> ==== Mallee ==== Mallee punika kalebet jinis wana ingkang dipuntuwuhi wit-wit eukaliptus ingkang cendhak.<ref name="internet13"/> Wit-wit eukaliptus punika gadhah pang-pang ingkang kathah.<ref name="internet13"/> Limrahipun wit punika asring sipunsumerepi wonten ing caketipun padhang pasir.<ref name="internet13"/> === Wit omah === Omah saben koala punika wujud wit-witan.<ref name="internet3"/> Limrahipun dipunwastani wit omah.<ref name="internet3"/> Koala-koala punika manggén wonten wit-wit kanthi tumata.<ref name="internet3"/> Saben wit saged dipunanggé koala ingkang cacahipun langkung saking satunggal.<ref name="internet3"/> Kajawi nalika nembé nglairaken utawi ngandhut, koala boten pindhah-pidhah wonten ing panggénan koala sanès wonten satunggal kalompokipun.<ref name="internet3"/> Ukuran saha wiyaripun antawis wit satunggal kaliyan satunggalipun gumantung faktor habitat, seks, yuswa saha sosial sajeroning [[populasi]] koala.<ref name="internet3"/> === Ing Indonésia === Eucalyptus punika salah satunggaling tuwuhan ingkang dipuntanem kanggé [[Alas Tetandurn Industri]] (HTI) amargi sipatipun eukaliptus ingkang gampil kanggé adhaptasi saha ginanipun ingkang kathah sanget.<ref name="internet20"/> Eukaliptus Pelita punika salah satunggaling spesiés [[éndemik]] [[Indonésia]] ingkang tuwuh wonten ing [[Papua]] wonten ing panggénan ingkang nginggilipun ngantos sandhuwuripun [[800]] m dpl kanthi [[curah udan]] 900&nbsp;mm-2.100&nbsp;mm/taun saha iklim garing.<ref name="internet20"/> == Cap driji == [[Gambar:Phascolarctus cinereus 2 Gould.jpg|thumb|150px|Lukisan koala, koala gadhah cap driji kanggé mènèk wit]] Koala punika gadhah cap driji utawi manawi wonten ing basa [[Indonésia]] dipunwastani ''sidik jari'' ingkang wujudipun mirib kaliyan cap driji manungsa.<ref name="internet5"/> Cap driji koala punika wujudipun bènten kaliyan kéwan sanèsipun, bentukipun ugi langkung ''unik''.<ref name="internet5"/> Punika amargi koala ngalami évolusi ingkang kapisah.<ref name="internet5"/> Wonten ing ''pohon evolusi kauripan'', primata saha koala punika kapisah kirang langkung [[70]] [[taun]] kang kapungkur.<ref name="internet5"/> Èvolusi kéwan ingkang gadhah kanthong punika nedahaken manawi namung koala ingkang gadhah cap driji ing pucuking drijinipun.<ref name="internet5"/> Sampun pinten-pinten abad para ahli [[anatomi]] punika neliti ginanipun cap driji wonten ing kéwan koala.<ref name="internet5"/> Tim anatomi saking [[Universitas Adelaide]], [[Ostrali]] punika ingkang nemokaken cap driji koala nalika taun [[1996]].<ref name="internet5"/> Tim punika nedahaken manawi cap driji koala punika ginanipun kanggé mendhet ron-ronan.<ref name="internet5"/> Koala punika pados pakanan saking wit-witan eukaliptus ngantos pang-pang ingkang alit saha ron-ronan.<ref name="internet5"/> limrahipun koala punika mendhet kanthi ngurut sadhompol ron lajeng dipunpangan.<ref name="internet5"/> Miturut [[obsérvasi]] punika para paneliti nedahaken bilih cap driji punika dipunsebabaken amargi adhaptasi prosés nglempakaken panganan.<ref name="internet5"/> Supados ron saged nèmpèl wonten ing tangan dipunbetahaken cap driji wonten ing drijinipun koala.<ref name="internet5"/> Amargi cap driji punika njalari ''tekanan ingkang statis''.<ref name="internet5"/> Kajawi punika cap driji koala ugi mirib kaliyan cap driji manungsa.<ref name="internet5"/> Kanthi ngginakaken [[mikroskop èléktron]], lapisan [[épidermis]] wonten ing pucuking driji koala punika mirib kaliyan cap drijinipun manungsa.<ref name="internet21">[http://bataviase.co.id/node/667788 bataviase.co.id]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Nalika dipunpirsani ngginakaken mikroskop èléktronik cap driji koala saha manungsa angél dipunbéntenaken.<ref name="internet47">[http://naturalscience.com/ns/articles/01-04/ns_hll.html naturalscience.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 7 Oktober 2011)</ref> Cap driji punika wonten amargi [[adhaptasi]] [[biomekanik]] kanggé nyekel barang.<ref name="internet28"/> Punika njalari wontenipun prabawa mékanik ing kulit ingkang ginanipun kanggé ngontrol obahan saha tekanan statis.<ref name="internet28">[http://teknologi.inilah.com/read/detail/1486482/koala-miliki-sidik-jari-mirip-manusia teknologi.inilah.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Koala punika gadhah driji ingkang cacahipun gangsal kalebet jempol ingkang cacahipun kalih.<ref name="buku3"/> Punika ginanipun supados saged nyekel sabarang kanthi langkung saé.<ref name="buku3">[Martin, Roger.1984.The Encyclopedia of Mammals.New York:Facts on File.isbn= 0-87196-871-1]</ref> == Langka == Koala punika kalebet pratélan salah satunggaling kéwan ingkang [[langka]].<ref name="internet8"/> Koala kalebet spésies ingkang dipunlindungi kaliyan [[Konservasi Spesies Terancam UU 1995]] (TSC UU).<ref name="internet8"/> Punika amargi cacahipun koala saben taun sangsaya kirang antawisipun 50 ngantos 75%.<ref name="internet8"/> Kajawi punika koala punika kalebet kéwan ingkang angél dipungulawentah saha dipunkembangaken.<ref name="internet8"/> Kajawi punika kathah sanget bebaya ingkang saged nganggu gesangipun koala.<ref name="internet8">[http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/pnf/07361koalahabitat.pdf environment.nsw.gov.au](dipunundhuh tanggal 5 Oktober 2011)</ref> Koala punika membatahaken panggènan ingkang wiyar supados saged gesang, obah, saha mangan.<ref name="internet9"/> Kajawi punika gesangipun koala ugi gumantung kaliyan koala sanèsipun.<ref name="internet9"/> Sasampunipun koala pejah, mbetahaken wekdal kirang langkung satunggal taun supados koala sanès purung manggén wonten ing panggénan koala ingkang sampun pejah.<ref name="internet9"/> Punika amargi ngentosi gandanipun koala ingkang naté manggén wonten ing panggénan punika ical.<ref name="internet9"/> Koala nelasaken wekdal gesangipun wonten ing wit-wit [[kayu pethak]] utawi eukaliptus kanggé mangan saha tilem.<ref name="internet9"/> Sapunika wonten ugi habitat koala ingkang dipun-ginakaken kanggé [[tetanèn]].<ref name="internet9"/> Punika sangsaya ndamel koala Ostrali langkung rikat cures.<ref name="internet9">[http://people.uwec.edu/TERNESMT/koala_habitat.htm people.uwec.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030012513/http://people.uwec.edu/TERNESMT/koala_habitat.htm |date=2012-10-30 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 5 Oktober 2011)</ref> Cacahipun koala ingkang urip alasan wonten ing Ostrali punika antawisipun [[2000]] ngantos [[8000]] koala.<ref name="internet11"/> Populasi koala punika mandhap 90% sajeroning sedasa taun.<ref name="internet11"/> Punika amargi kathah habitat alami koala dipunrisak saha dipun-ginakaken kanggé yasan-yasan saha tetanèn.<ref name="internet11">[http://library.thinkquest.org/6322/habitat.html library.thinkquest.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002171328/http://library.thinkquest.org/6322/habitat.html |date=2011-10-02 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 5 Oktober 2011)</ref> Wonten ing Ostrali wonten badan ingkang mirunggan neliti kéwan koala, tuladhanipun inggih punika [[Pusat Penelitian Koala]] [[Queensland Tengah]].<ref name="internet12">[http://www.cqnews.com.au/story/2011/10/05/research-partnership-for-habitat-restoration/ cqnews.com.au]{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 5 Oktober 2011)</ref> Kajawi punika wonten ugi ingkang dipunwastani [[Lone Line Sanctuary]].<ref name="internet14"/> Panggénan punika kalebet panggénan ingkang njagi saha nglindungi koala ingkang sepisanan saha paling ageng sadonya.<ref name="internet14"/> Wonten ing papan panggénan ingkang konservatif punika wonten koala ingkang cacahipun langkung saking [[130]] koala.<ref name="internet14">[http://www.koala.net/index.php koala.net](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Koala punika kalebet salah satunggaling kéwan ingkang dipunlindungi.<ref name="internet26"/> Wonten ing nagara Ostrali, koala boten pareng dipuningoni amargi wonten ukuman saking nagara.<ref name="internet26"/> Wonten ing Ostrali, sinten ingkang ngingoni koala bakal pikantuk ukuman kunjara.<ref name="internet26">[http://koranbaru.com/10-fakta-unik-tentang-koala/ fakta unik koala](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Tim panaliti nedahaken manawi koala boten dipunlindungi koala saged cures kanthi wektu [[30]] [[taun]] ingkang badhé dhateng.<ref name="internet31">[http://www.rnw.nl/bahasa-indonesia/article/populasi-beruang-koala-terancam-punah rnw.nl]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> === Ingkang njalari langka === Koala punika manggèn wonten ing salah satunggaling panggènan kanthi kalompok sosial.<ref name="internet11"/> Kajawi njagi badanipun piyambak, koala ugi njagi papan panggénan ingkang dipunpanggeni satunggal kalompok punika.<ref name="internet11"/> Koala punika ugi dipunwastani kéwan ingkang [[teritorial]].<ref name="internet11"/> Koala limrahipun pejah amargi lelara saha dipunbeléh kanggé dipunpendhet wulunipun.<ref name="internet11"/> Kajawi punika koala ugi pejah amargi wana ingkang kobongan.<ref name="internet11"/> Sapunika koala namung gesang wonten ing wana eukaliptus ingkang manggén ing Ostrali.<ref name="internet11"/> Koala punika satwa nasional saha satwa kas Ostrali.<ref name="internet27"/> Populasi koala punika mudhun antawisipun [[80]] persèn.<ref name="internet27"/> Faktor-faktor sanès ingkang njalari koala punika kirang cacahipun inggih punika tata [[kutha]] ingkang dipunowahi, polusi motor, pertambangan, banjir, wana ingkang dipuntegor, predator ingkang wujud segawon.<ref name="internet27">[http://id.berita.yahoo.com/populasi-koala-turun-80-persen-174800087.html id.berita.yahoo.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002182627/http://id.berita.yahoo.com/populasi-koala-turun-80-persen-174800087.html |date=2011-10-02 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Koala ugi kénging [[lelara]] [[chlamydia]].<ref name="internet30"/> Lelara punika ndadosaken koala boten saged reprodhuksi saha gadhah katurunan.<ref name="internet30"/> Wonten ugi lelara sanèsipun inggih punika lelara [[inféksi]] saha [[kanker]].<ref name="internet30"/> Koala boten saged urip manawi suhunipun panas saha garing saéngga koala gampil stress saha dehidrasi.<ref name="internet30"/> Suhu ingkang panas njalari kalembaban ron eukaliptus kirang saéngga koala radi angèl pikantuk toya.<ref name="internet30"/> Kajawi segawon, manungsa ugi dados predhator kanggé koala.<ref name="internet44"/> Awit manungsa asring nyekel koala dados kéwan ingon-ingon utawi dipunpendhet wulunipun.<ref name="internet44">[http://koalas.org/koala-info.html koalas.org](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Manawi suhunipun sampun langkung saking [[37]] drajat [[celsius]], ndadosaken koala kirang saé anggénipun gesang.<ref name="internet30">[http://www.berani.co.id/Artikel_Detail.aspx?ID=5609&URLView=Arsip_Berita_Utama.aspx berani.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829143824/http://www.berani.co.id/Artikel_Detail.aspx?ID=5609&URLView=Arsip_Berita_Utama.aspx |date=2011-08-29 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Nalika pertemuan [[Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa]] ingkang ngrembug babagan iklim dipuntedahaken ugi manawi owahing iklim punika saged mbebayani tumrap spesiés [[penguin emperor]] ngantos koala Ostrali.<ref name="internet36">[http://www.baungcamp.com/?articles&post=Koala_dan_Penguin_Terancam_Punah baungcamp.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423111658/http://www.baungcamp.com/?articles&post=Koala_dan_Penguin_Terancam_Punah |date=2021-04-23 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Koala ingkang wonten ing Ostrali punika ugi kathah ingkang cures amarga ''strèss''.<ref name="internet43">[http://dunia.vivanews.com/news/read/93181-derita_stress__koala_terancam_punah dunia.vivanews.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124151909/http://dunia.vivanews.com/news/read/93181-derita_stress__koala_terancam_punah |date=2010-01-24 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Koala ingkang ''stress'' punika amargi cara ngingoni koala ingkang lepat, kejawi punika koala asring [[foto]]-foto kaliyan para ''wisatawan''.<ref name="internet53">[http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/HansArt.nsf/66662d17d79b79d7ca256cfd000e0c22/ca256d11000bd3aa4a25644a00824515 parliament.nsw.gov.au] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305084613/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/HansArt.nsf/66662d17d79b79d7ca256cfd000e0c22/ca256d11000bd3aa4a25644a00824515 |date=2016-03-05 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 8 Oktober 2011)</ref> Kaanan mangsa kang garing ugi gadhah prabawa kaliyan [[gizi]] koala, amargi ron ekaliptus ingkang sangsaya suda nutrisinipun.<ref name="internet55"/> Gizi ingkang kirang ugi njalari pejahipun koala.<ref name="internet55">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/6537179/Koalas-extinct-within-30-years-after-chlamydia-outbreak.html telegraph.co.uk](dipunundhuh tanggal 8 Oktober 2011)</ref> === Konsérvasi Koala === [[Gambar:Leefgebied koala.JPG|thumb|250 px|left|Peta ingkang nedahaken payebaran koala]] Pakar ékologi Universitas Queensland Clive McAlpine nedahaken supaya koala boten cures caranipun inggih punika nglebetaken koala dados spesiés ingkang saged cures.<ref name="internet32"/> Cara punika dados cara ingkang sepisanan kanggé upaya nglindungi saha njagi habitat koala supados boten cures.<ref name="internet32"/> Sasampunipun punika koala lajeng dipunlebetaken wonten ing papan panggènan konsérvasi koala.<ref name="internet32"/> Kajawi punika ugi saged dipunwontenaken [[panaliten]] ngenani babagan lelara chlamydia.<ref name="internet32">[http://forum.nationalgeographic.co.id/topic-1114.html forum.nationalgeographic.co.id]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Kajawi punika wonten ugi [[Pulo Island]].<ref name="internet33"/> Pulo punika saged kapanggih kirang langkung [[90]] [[menit]] saking [[Melbourne]].<ref name="internet33"/> Pulo punika misuwur lumantar Parade Penguin saha Pusat Konservasi Koala.<ref name="internet33">[http://australiacalling.org/2010/Anastasia%20Ika%20-%20phillip%20island-2.pdf australiacalling.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919192718/http://www.australiacalling.org/2010/Anastasia%20Ika%20-%20phillip%20island-2.pdf |date=2011-09-19 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Pusat konservasi koala punika dipundamel dados panggénan ingkang resik saéngga wonten paugeran-paugeran ingkang trawaca tumrap para tiyang ingkang mlebet.<ref name="internet34">[http://www.seputar-indonesia.com/edisicetak/content/view/369706/ seputar-indonesia.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Kajawi punika wonten Pusat Konsérvasi Koala ing Pulo Philip para wisatawan saged mirsani langsung para koala ingkang nembé turu saha mangan.<ref name="internet35"/> wonten ugi sajarah koala.<ref name="internet35"/> Para Wisatawan ugi saged [[foto]] sareng kaliyan golékan koala ingkang ageng saha kathah ''souvenir'' kas ingkang saged dipuntumbas.<ref name="internet35">[http://wisata.kompasiana.com/jalan-jalan/2011/09/16/pesona-wisata-unik-pulau-penguin/ wisata.kompasiana.com]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Kajawi punika wonten ugi [[Koala Sanctuary]] ingkang ugi dados badan konsérvasi koala saha satwa alasan sanèsipun.<ref name="internet36"/> Koala Sanctuary ugi ndamel ''penemuan konservasi indah'' saha nembé madosi [[vaksin]] kanggé lelara Chlamydia ingkang limrahipun nyerang koala.<ref name="internet36"/> == Lone Pine == Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary punika dipunyasa nalika taun [[1927]].<ref name="internet15"/> Panggènan punika kalebet papan panggénan kanggé nengkaraken koala, kéwan kas Ostrali.<ref name="internet15"/> Kawiwitan saking koala ingkang cacahipun namung kalih.<ref name="internet15"/> Koala punika anami "Jack" saha "Jill".<ref name="internet15"/> Sasampunipun [[67]] taun [[Lone Pine]] lajeng dados cagar alam koala ingkang paling ageng wonten ing donya.<ref name="internet15"/> Ing panggènan punika wonten langkung sakin 130 koala ingkang dipuntengkaraken.<ref name="internet15"/> Kajawi punika wonten ugi satwa asli Ostrali kados ta [[kangguru]], [[manuk emu]], [[wombat]], saha sanès-sanèsipun.<ref name="internet15"/> Sapunika langkung saking 80 species ingkang gesang kanthi aman wonten ing panggénan ingkang konsérvatif punika.<ref name="internet15"/> [[Lone Line]] saged dipupanggihi kinten-kinten satunggal jam saking [[Papan Anggegana Brisbane]], ibu kutha Praja Queensland, Ostrali.<ref name="internet20"/> Kajawi punika saged ugi kapanggih kanthi wekdal [[30]] menit saking punjer kutha manawi nganggé piranti transportasi wujud [[bus]].<ref name="internet20"/> Manawi ngginkakaken [[taksi]] béayanipun kirang langkung $A25 saking punjer [[kutha]].<ref name="internet20">[http://www.mediaindonesia.com/mediatravelista/index.php/read/2009/12/24/164/2/Berkunjung-ke-Penangkaran-Koala-Tertua-di-Dunia mediaindonesia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629101948/http://www.mediaindonesia.com/mediatravelista/index.php/read/2009/12/24/164/2/Berkunjung-ke-Penangkaran-Koala-Tertua-di-Dunia |date=2012-06-29 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> === Wisata === [[Gambar:Koala with young.ogv|thumb|150 px|Koala kanthi joey ing kanthongipun, koala punika manggén wonten ing Hamilton Island, Ostrali]] Lone Pine kalebet salah satunggaling panggénan wisata nalika wisata wonten ing [[Brisbane]], Australia.<ref name="internet15"/> Kajawi misuwur [[kebon binatang]] punika ugi dados [[cagar alam]] koala ingkang sepisanan saha ingkang paling ageng wonten ing donya.<ref name="internet15"/> Wonten ing Lone Pine bakal kapanggih kaanan ingkang taksih alami utawi ''natural''.<ref name="internet15"/> Pramila Lone Pine punika misuwur ugi amarga kahananipun ingkang taksih alami.<ref name="internet15"/> Kajawi punika kahananipun adhem amargi kathah wit eukaliptus padha tuwuh ngrembaka.<ref name="internet15"/> Wit punika dados pakanan pokok kanggé koala.<ref name="internet15"/> Limrahipun nalika wisata wonten ing panggénan punika para wisatawan saged mirsani kawontenan alam ingkang adhem punika kaliyan mlampah.<ref name="internet15"/> Kajawi punika para wisatawan ugi saged mirsani kéwan-kéwan ingkang nmung gesang wonten ing Australia.<ref name="internet15"/> Para wisatawan ugi saged foto-foto kaliyan kéwan-kéwan punika.<ref name="internet15">[http://id.koala.net/index.php/about-lone-pine.html id.koala.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113090452/http://id.koala.net/index.php/about-lone-pine.html |date=2009-11-13 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Lone Pine punika dipundamel kaliyan tiyang ingkang namanipun [[Claude Reid]].<ref name="internet15"/> Wonten ing taman ingkang temanipun ''hi-tech'', Lone Pine ugi njagi saha nglindungi koala saha kéwan-kéwan kas sanèsipun.<ref name="internet15"/> Punika tujuwanipun supaya koala ugi para wisatawan tansah remen manggén wonten ing mriki.<ref name="internet15"/> Sekedhik ingkang mangertos bilih sejatinipun nama Lone Pine punika saking nama wit cemara ingkang tuwuh wonten ing sacedhaking toko cinderamata.<ref name="internet15"/> Wit cemara Hoop punika dipuntanem kaliyan wiyang ingkang namanipun [[Daniel Clarkson]] nalika taun [[1865]], nalika Lone Pine taksih dados kebon [[kapuk]].<ref name="internet15"/> Sanajan dipunsamber petir nalika taun [[1975]], nanging wit punika taksih gesang sasampunipun dipunrimati.<ref name="internet15"/> Wonten ing panggénan punika dipuntengkraken koala wiwit saking koala alit ngantos diwasa.<ref name="internet20"/> Koala dipunrimati miturut yuswanipun koala.<ref name="internet20"/> Koala-koala punika dipunpanggenaken wonten ing kandhang ingkang wonten wit eukaliptus wonten ing kandhang manika.<ref name="internet20"/> Wit manika dados panganan koala.<ref name="internet20"/> Miturut [[Mathew Doherty]], Koordinator Pemasaran Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary, nedahaken bilih pang-pang eukaliptus punika dipun-gantos saben dintenipun.<ref name="internet20"/> [[Guinness World Records]] nyathet bilih panggénan punika naté gadhah koala ingkang paling sepuh ing donya.<ref name="internet20"/> Koala punika anami Sarah.<ref name="internet20"/> Koala ingkang paling sepuh punika pejah nalika taun [[2001]] nalika umuripun [[23]] [[taun]].<ref name="internet20"/> Manawi dipunkonversi kaliyan yuswanipun manungsa punika kirang langkung 161 taun.<ref name="internet20"/> Kangge narik kawigaten para pandhudhuk dipunwontenaken kontès saben dinten antawisipun jam 10.00-15.30 wekdal ing panggénan punika.<ref name="internet20"/> Kontes punika nampilaken satwa-satwa kados ta wonten ing [[Taman Safari Indonésia Cisarua]], [[Jawa Barat]].<ref name="internet20"/> Kajawi punika wonten ugi kontès ''Bird of Prey Flight Show & Photos'' kirang langkung tigang dasa menit.<ref name="internet20"/> Kontes punika nampilaken atraksi [[manuk garudha]] saha [[manuk hantu]] ingkang mabur wonten ing sanginggilipun para panonton saha mangan pangananipun saking asta pelatih.<ref name="internet20"/> Wonten ugi ''Sheep Dog Show'', ingkang meragakaken para tani ingkang manggén wonten ing tlatah pedalaman Ostrali angon menda-mendanipun kanthi dipunbiyantu segawon-segawon.<ref name="internet20"/> Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary ugi nyediakaken fasilitas kanggé foto kaliyan koala.<ref name="internet20"/> Asilipun dipuncithak kanthi wujud tanggalan saha [[kertu pos]].<ref name="internet20"/> Kajawi punika foto punika kapajang wonten ing internet kirang langkung [[60]] dinten.<ref name="internet20"/> Koala ugi saged kapanggih wonten ing kebon binatang ingkang manggén wonten ing [[kutha]] [[Sydney]].<ref name="internet42">[http://wisata.kompasiana.com/jalan-jalan/2011/07/30/berjumpa-koala-imut-dan-kanguru-lucu-di-sydney/ Koala bonbin Sidney]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Panaliten == Wonten ing taman [[Taman Victoria’s Great Otway National]] dipunbikak program kanggé naliti koala.<ref name="internet22"/> Panaliten punika gadhah tujuwan nglestantunaken habitat koala, mliginipun kanggé mangerteni akibat ingkang dipunsebabaken owahing iklim tumrap populasi saha tindak tandukipun koala.<ref name="internet22"/> Ekspedisi dipuntindakaken kirang langkung sedasa dinten wonten ing [[kutha]] [[Apollo Bay]].<ref name="internet21"/> Para panaliti saged kerjasama kaliyan para sarjana ingkang trampil saha gadhah pangalaman ingkang langkung wonten ing babagan punika.<ref name="internet22"/> Kajawi punika para panaliti ugi saged ngemataken habitat kéwan nalika wayah bengi lumantar [[radhio]] saha saged ngukur wit.<ref name="internet22"/> Kanggé wisata punika dipunbetahaken béaya USD3115 utawi kirang langkung Rp26 yuta.<ref name="internet22"/> Béaya punika kalebet akomodasi saha dhahar wonten ing lokasi.<ref name="internet22">[http://travel.okezone.com/read/2011/08/15/409/492242/mandikan-gajah-hingga-berenang-dengan-penyu travel.okezone.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Kéwan arboreal == Koala punika kalebet kéwan [[arboreal]].<ref name="internet10"/> Arboreal tegesipun urip wonten ing wit.<ref name="internet10"/> Koala punika urip, mangan, turu wonten ing wit eukaliptus.<ref name="internet10"/> Koala ingkang jaler gadhah pérangan awak ingkang saged njalari ganda.<ref name="internet10"/> Koala jaler lajeng nggosok-gosokaken [[jaja]]nipun wonten ing wit ingkang dipunpanggeni.<ref name="internet10"/> Punika ancasipun kanggé mratandhani supados koala sanès mangertosi bilih wit punika dados panggénan ingkang dipunkuwaosi.<ref name="internet10"/> == Nggayemi == Kéwan ingkang mamah biak, kados ta [[sapi]] misuwur gadhah madharan sekawan.<ref name="internet23">[http://koranterbaru.com/aneh-misteri/1821156/monyet-makan-seperti-sapi.html koranterbaru.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410184207/http://koranterbaru.com/aneh-misteri/1821156/monyet-makan-seperti-sapi.html |date=2011-04-10 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Nalika mangan, panganan mlebet wonten ing salah satunggaling pérangan madharan saha dipunmuntahaken malih wonten ing tutuk.<ref name="internet23"/> Sasampunipun punika nembé dipunpangan malih saha mlebet wonten ing pérangan madharan sanèsipun saha dipunserep kaliyan [[usus alus]].<ref name="internet23"/> Sasampunipun punika lajeng dipunbuwang kanthi dipundalaken saking awak.<ref name="internet23"/> [[Profesor]] ingkang nyerat [[buku]] kanthi irah-irahan ''Mammalian Herbivore Stomach: Comparative Anatomy, Function and Evolution'' nedahaken manawi koala ugi gadhah tindak tanduk ingkang kados punika.<ref name="internet24">[http://nationalgeographic.co.id/lihat/berita/867/ nationalgeographic.co.id]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Oktober 2011)</ref> Nanging namung nalika wonten ing kaanan ingkang tinamtu kados ta nalika [[pupak]] [[waja]] saha amargi mbetahaken langkung kathah [[nutrisi]] kanggé nyusoni.<ref name="internet24"/> == Ngedab-edabi == Koala punika kalebet kéwan ingkang ngeramaken.<ref name="internet15"/> Wonten babagan ingkang ngédab-édabi saking kéwan koala ingkang boten dipuntindakaken déning kéwan sanèsipun.<ref name="internet15"/> # Sanajan koala punika boten kéwan ingkang saged gesang wonten [[toya]], nanging manawi wonten ing kahahan ingkang nggegirisi saha ''kepepet'' koala punika saged ugi nglangi.<ref name="internet15"/> # Koala jaler Queensland punika awratipun ngantos [[9,5]] [[kilogram]] déné koala wadon ngantos [[7]] [[kilogram]].<ref name="internet15"/> Wonten ing Victoria, awratipun koala ngantos [[14]] kilogram.<ref name="internet15"/> # Koala punika tilem saben dintenipun antawis [[18]]-[[20]] jam.<ref name="internet40"/> Wonten wana, koala gesang antawisipun 10 ngantos 12 taun, nanging koala [[Lone Pine]] ingkang dipunjagi saking mengsahipun, wonten variasi pakanan ingkang saé, saha saking [[iklim]] ingkang ékstrim owahipun saged gesang kirang langkung [[12]] ngantos [[15]] taun.<ref name="internet15"/> # Koala punika saged jungkatan.<ref name="internet15"/> Punika tujuwanipun supados koala katingal tetep saé saha resik.<ref name="internet15"/> Driji ingkang nomer kalih saha tiga nyatunggil saéngga dados sapasang [[cakar]] ingkang saged dados [[jungkat]].<ref name="internet15"/> # Limrahipun wonten ing salah satunggaling wekdal koala katingal [[mabuk]].<ref name="internet15"/> Sejatosipun, koala punika boten mabuk amargi ron eukaliptus nanging punika salah satunggaling cara koala kanggé adhaptasi tumrap ''kadar'' [[enersi]] ingkang sakedhik wonten ing ron [[gum]] utawi eukaliptus. <ref name="internet15"/> == Gladri == <gallery> Image:Eucalyptus microtheca 1.jpg|Ron saha sekar tuwuhan eukaliptus ingkang taksih nguncup Image:Friendly Female Koala.JPG|Koala wadon ingkang manggén wonten ing [[Billabong Koala Park]] Image:700 yr red river gum.jpg|Wit eukaliptus ingkang dados papan panggénanipun Koala Image: Friendly Male Koala.JPG|Koala jaler ingkang manggén wonten ing Billabong Koala Park Image: Koala climbing tree.jpg|Koala gadhah kuku saéngga saged mènèk wit Image: Koala eating.jpg|Koala mangan ron eukaliptus </gallery> == Ugi pirsani == {{Wikispecies|Phascolarctos cinereus}} {{commons|Koala}} * [[Marsupial]] * ''[[Australian Koala Foundation]]'' == Pranala njawi == * [http://www.savethekoala.com/ Australian Koala Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718191029/https://www.savethekoala.com/ |date=2008-07-18 }} * [http://www.koala.net/index.php/koala.html Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary] * [http://www.thekoala.com/koala The Koala] * [http://aso.gov.au/titles/environmental/bird-and-animal-calls/clip1/ sound] * [http://aso.gov.au/ australianscreen online] == Cathetan suku == {{reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Sato kéwan]] [[Kategori:Koala]] [[Kategori:Marsupials saking Australia]] [[Kategori:Kéwan Hèrbivor]] [[Kategori:Artikel mawa basa krama]] inzm5uavi0mqjgtuo4y5b72crfwreun Lamut 0 73649 1760223 1657348 2026-11-06T08:14:34Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760223 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Pelamut.jpg|thumb|200px|Maestro Lamut, Gusti Nafsiah kang lagi ''nglamut''.]] '''Lamut''' ya iku kasenian tradhisional kang nyitakaké babagan pesan lan aji-aji keagamaan , sosial lan budaya [[Banjar]].<ref name="internet1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=6500864 |title=www.kaskus.us |access-date=2011-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204101642/http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=6500864 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Lamut awujud seni carita bertutur, kaya wayang utawa [[ciganjuran]].<ref name="internet1"/> Kang mbedakake ya iku yèn wayang utawa ciganjuran dimainake nganggo piranti [[gamelan]] lan [[kecapi]] nanging yèn lamut diiringi nganggo [[terbang]], piranti tabuh kang racaké kanggo seni [[hadrah]].<ref name="internet1"/> Kang nembé tau ngerti lamut racaké ngira yèn seni lamut iki olèh prabawa saka kesenian [[Timur Tengah]].<ref name="internet1"/> Ana ing jaman [[Karajan Banjar]] kang dibawahi [[Sultan Suriansyah]], lamut ana bareng karo seni tutur Banjar liyané kaya [[Dundam]], [[Madihin]], [[Bakesah]], lan Bapantun.<ref name="internet1"/> Kesenian lamut ditindakaké ana ing wayah wengi wiwit jam 22.00 lan racaké rampung nganti tekan jam 04.00 utawa rampung wayah [[subuh]].<ref name="internet2">[http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2009/01/03/0110455/gusti.jamhar.akbar.tokoh.seni.lamut nasional.kompas.com]</ref> Kang carita ana ing lamut iki dijuluki [[Palamutan]].<ref name="internet2"/> Ana ing seni lamut, Palamutan iku nyambi nggawa terbang gedhé kang digletakake ana ing pangkone kang lungguh senden ana ing [[tawing halat]] (dinding tengah), diubengi déning para kang ngrungokake.<ref name="internet2"/> Khusus kanggo wong wédok racaké disediakake panggon mirunggan ana ing sisih tawing halat mau.<ref name="internet2"/> == Sajarah == Lamut asalé saka daerah [[Cina]], basa kang ana ing lamut wiwitane uga nganggo basa [[Tionghoa]] nanging banjur diterjemahake ana ing basa banjar.<ref name="internet2"/> Lamut teka ana ing banjar kira-kira taun 1816 kang disebarake déning para bakul saka [[Tionghoa]] kang ana ing Banjar nganti tekan [[Amuntai]].<ref name="internet2"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Seni ing Indonesia|Lamut]] [[Kategori:Budaya Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Budaya Banjar|Lamut]] {{Stub}} {{budaya-stub}} 7ampcxo4ytri3h69uvss1zx1ihsunt8 Mesut Özil 0 73662 1760282 1736572 2026-11-06T11:26:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football player infobox | playername = Mesut Özil | image = [[Gambar:20180602 FIFA Friendly Match Austria vs. Germany Mesut Özil 850 0704.jpg|220px]] | fullname = | height = {{height|m=1.80}} |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|10|15|df=y}} |birth_place = {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Gelsenkirchen]], [[Jerman Kulon]] | currentclub = [[Real Madrid]] | clubnumber = 23 | position = [[Glandhang|Glandhang serang]] | youthyears = 1995–1998<br />1998–1999<br />1999–2000<br />2000–2005<br />2005–2006 | youthclubs = DJK Westfalia 04 Gelsenkirchen<br />DJK Teutonia Schalke-Nord<br />DJK Falke Gelsenkirchen<br />[[Rot-Weiss Essen]]<br />[[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]] | years = 2006–2007<br />2008–2010<br />2010-2013<br />2013-saiki | clubs = [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke]]<br />[[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]]<br />[[Real Madrid]]<br />[[Arsenal F.C.]] | caps(goals) = 30 (0)<br />38 (4) | nationalyears = 2006–2007<br />2007–<br />2009–2018 | nationalteam = Jerman U-19<br />{{timnas|Jerman U-21}}<br />{{timnas|Jerman}} | nationalcaps(goals) = 11 (4)<br />11 (4)<br />{{0}}1 (1) | pcupdate = 15 Mèi 2009 | ntupdate = 04:51, 19 Fèbruari 2009 (UTC) }} '''Mesut Özil''' ({{lahirmati||15|10|1988}}) ya iku juru main [[bal-balan]] saka [[Jerman]]. Dhèwèké asline keturunan [[Turki]] kang saiki main ana ing klub [[Real Madrid]] wiwit [[Agustus]] [[2010]].<ref name="internet1">[http://www.goal.com/id-ID/people/jerman/13745/mesut-özil Real Madrid » Mesut Özil] (Dipuntingali tanggal 10 Juni 2011)</ref> Dhèwèké duwé posisi dadi glandhang serang ana ing klub lan uga ana ing timnas.<ref name="internet1"/> Ana ing [[Spanyol]] Özil duwé jejuluk utawa dasanama '''El Búho'''(Si Manuk Setan) amarga operane kang teliti lan lingkup kang amba.<ref name="internet1"/> == Karier == ''' Gelsenkirchen dan Rot-Weiss Essen ''' Ozil miwiti karier bal-balane nalika enom ing tim saka kutha gelsenkirchen lan main sakdawane 5 taun kanggo tim Rot-Weiss Essen.<ref name="internet2">[http://sepakbolaonline.com/mesut-ozil-resmi-milik-real-madrid/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823014331/http://sepakbolaonline.com/mesut-ozil-resmi-milik-real-madrid/ |date=2010-08-23 }} (Dipuntingali tanggal 10 Juni 2011)</ref> ''' Schalke 04 ''' Ana ing taun 2005, dhèwèké pindah ana ing tim junior [[Schalke 04]].<ref name="internet2"/> Özil main ana ing posisi glandhang lan nganggo kaos kang nomer gegere nomer 17.<ref name="internet2"/> ''' Werder Bremen ''' Nalika tanggal tanggal 31 januari 2008, dhèwèké pindhah menyang tim [[Werder Bremen]] kanthi bayaran kompensasi nganti € 4,3 juta, Özil nandatangani kontrak karo weder bremen nganti tekan 30 juni 2011.<ref name="internet2"/> Özil nggantekake posisiné [[Diego Ribas]] ana ing posisi glandhang kang nalika iku diega pindah ana ing tim [[Juventus]] lan ana ing debute Özil bisa menangke tetandhingan mungsuh [[Bayern Leverkusen]] kanthi asil 1-0 ana ing DFB Pokal taun 2009.<ref name="internet2"/> Sadawané ana ing Werder Bremen Ozil wis mènèhi 16 assist ana ing mangsa 2009 lan ngawa dampak kang positif kanggo tim Weder Bremen.<ref name="internet2"/> ''' Real Madrid ''' Sawisé main ana ing piala donya 2010 klub bal-balan saka nagara [[spanyol]] [[Real Madrid]] kepincut karo permainane Özil.<ref name="internet2"/> Banjur Madrid bisa mboyong Özil karo kompensasi kang gedhé ya iku € 15,000,000.<ref name="internet2"/> == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.imscouting.com/player_to_watch.aspx?id=iJ1bUfwUdeCixPGd0NL1fw||&name=Mesut+Ozil On 8 October 2008 IMScouting.com has selected Mesut Özil as "Player to Watch"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706122636/http://www.imscouting.com/player_to_watch.aspx?id=iJ1bUfwUdeCixPGd0NL1fw%7C%7C&name=Mesut+Ozil |date=6 July 2009 }} * [http://www.mesut-oezil.com Situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703092135/http://www.mesut-oezil.com/ |date=2013-07-03 }} {{de icon}}{{tr}} * [http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/spielersteckbrief/object/40577/saison/2008-09 Profile at Kicker.de] {{de icon}} * [http://fussballdaten.de/spieler/ozilmesut/ Career stats at Fussballdaten.de] {{de icon}} * [http://www.transfermarkt.de/de/spieler/35664/mesutoezil/profil.html Profile at Transfermarkt.de] {{de icon}} * [http://id.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-769/_nr-81/i.html Mesut Özil: Pemuda Sopan Berambut Jabrik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822185755/http://id.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-769/_nr-81/i.html |date=2010-08-22 }} [[Kategori:Lair 1988]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan Jerman]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan internasional Jerman]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan internasional kanoman Jerman]] [[Kategori:Pamain tengah bal-balan]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan èkspatriat Jerman]] [[Kategori:Pamain Real Madrid CF]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bundesliga]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bèker Donya FIFA 2010]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bèker Éropah UEFA 2012]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bèker Donya FIFA 2014]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bèker Éropah UEFA 2016]] [[Kategori:Pamain njuwarani Bèker Donya FIFA]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan èkspatriat ing Spanyol]] [[Kategori:Èkspatriat Jerman ing Spanyol]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan]] {{stub}} n6jwoxmxaucs5wr2opukn3vha6l6q55 Gambang Semarang 0 73888 1759964 1748236 2026-11-05T18:35:18Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759964 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Gambang Semarang.jpg|thumb|250px|Gambang Semarang]] '''Gambang Semarang''' ya iku salah sijiné kesenian kang ana ing [[Semarang]], kesenian iki gabungan antarané [[jogèd]] lan diiringi musik [[Gamelan Jawa]] nanging nadhané nadha [[Diatonis]] utawa nadha musik ''modern''.<ref name="internet1">[http://suaramerdeka.com/v1/index.php/read/layar/2010/12/08/723/Gambang-Semarang-Tak-Lagi-Gamang Gambang Semarang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213005932/http://suaramerdeka.com/v1/index.php/read/layar/2010/12/08/723/Gambang-Semarang-Tak-Lagi-Gamang |date=2010-12-13 }}(06 Juni 2011)</ref> Gambang semarang wis ana wiwit taun 1930, paguyuban iki anggotané warga asli lan turunan [[Cina]] kang mapan ing gedung Bian Hian Tiong ing Gang Pinggir.<ref name="internet1"/> Jinis piranti musik kang dienggo ya iku [[kendang]], [[bonang]], [[kempul]], [[gong]], [[suling]], [[kècrèk]], [[gambang]] lan uga nganggo cak lan cuk uga nganggo penyanyi.<ref name="internet1"/> Ing taun 1950-an, kesenian khas Semarang iki sabeneré wis rada suda pamoré.<ref name="internet1"/> Gambang Semarang tau katula-tula supaya bisa ajeg lan ora mati kagusur jogèd modern kontemporer kang dianggep wis makili jaman kang trus maju.<ref name="internet1"/> Kesenian iki racaké dipentasaké ing acara-acara mirunggan, kaya ta: [[Dhugdhèran]] sadurunge [[Ramelan|pasa]]. == Sujarah == Ing jaman biyèn, amarga populasi kutha Semarang iki campuran wong Jawa asli, Cina lan [[Arab]], mula angèl banget anggoné nggawé kesenian sing khas Semarang. Amarga, saben ètnis nggawa peradaban dhéwé-dhéwé. Mula ing wiwitan taun 1930-an ana wong [[Tionghoa]] sing jenengé Lie Ho Sun berinisiatif mboyong Gambang Kromong ([[Jakarta]]) kanggo dikembangaké ing Semarang. Inisiatif kasebut banjur dadi kasunyatan kanthi persetujuan Walikota Semarang nalika semana. Bali saka Jakarta, Lie Ho Sun nggawa sèt gamelan Gambang Kromong uga rombongan seniman. Singkat cerita, komunitas kesenian Gambang Kromong dibentuk di Semarang. Masarakat Semarang nalika semana kandha antusias banget marang kesenian iki, amarga disengkuyung déning wong asli lan Tionghoa. Ing pungkasan taun 1930, wong Tionghoa jenenge Oe Yok Siang nyipta lagu Ampat Penari. Tembang kasebut kanthi filosofis nyritakake Gambang Semarang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jateng/budaya/d-6368182/mengenal-gambang-semarang-dan-sejarahnya-dari-jakarta?single=1|title=Nepangi Gambang Semarang lan Sujarahe saka Jakarta|last=Detik Jateng|first=Tim|date=2022-10-06|website=Detik.com|access-date=2023-03-01|archive-date=2023-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301011135/https://www.detik.com/jateng/budaya/d-6368182/mengenal-gambang-semarang-dan-sejarahnya-dari-jakarta?single=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lair Gambang Semarang asalé saka wong Tionghoa sing dadi Volksraad utawa Majelis Rakyat Semarang mula dhèwèké ngusulaké marang H. E. Boissevain, walikota Semarang wektu iku. Usulané disetujoni lan langsung nggawa alat musik Gambang Kromong menyang Semarang. Gambang Semarang kawiwitan ing taun 1932. Pangrembakané kesenian ing Semarang kasebut ora uwal saka lakon maneka warna paraga. Ora jarang ana sing asale saka etnis Tionghoa. Contone Oei Yok Siang lan Sidik Pramono sing ngarang tembang Gambang Semarang. Kajaba kuwi uga ana penyanyi Gambang Semarang kang kondhang jenengé Bu Sam kang misuwur kanthi gerakan pinggul. Oei Tiong Ham, Raja Gula Semarang uga kerep nindakaké pagelaran Gambang Semarang ing saben acara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radarsemarang.jawapos.com/advertorial/imlek/2021/02/12/gambang-semarang-akulturasi-budaya-jawa-dan-tionghoa/|title=Gambang Semarang Akukturasi Budaya Jawa lan Tionghoa|last=Sèptiadi|first=Baskara|date=2021-02-12|website=Radar Semarang|access-date=2023-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301013250/https://radarsemarang.jawapos.com/advertorial/imlek/2021/02/12/gambang-semarang-akulturasi-budaya-jawa-dan-tionghoa/|archive-date=2023-03-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mangsa Kuncara == [[Gambar:Tari Semarangan.jpg|thumb|200px|Jogèd Semarangan]] Ing taun 1945-an, kesenian iki naté jaya kang kaping sapisan, nganti bisa nglairaké [[ikon]] Gambang Semarang ing wektu iku ya iku Nenny lan Mpok Royom.<ref name="internet1"/> Nanging, kajayan iku mau ora suwé.<ref name="internet1"/> Nalika pentas ing [[Magelang]] lan di[[bombardir]] bala [[Jepang]], anggota Gambang Semarang bubar Nenny lan Mpok Royom mèlu ilang.<ref name="internet1"/> Kesenian Gambang Semarang kang lair wiwit taun 1930 iki digagas Toako Lie Hoo Soen, wong kepercayan raja gula [[Asia Tenggara]] Oei Tiong Ham.<ref name="internet1"/> wektu iku, Gambang Semarang pentas kang kaping pisanan ing gedung pakumpulan [[Bian Hian Tiong]] ing [[Gang Pinggir]].<ref name="internet1"/> Minangka kesenian kang minangka gabungan utawa karukunan warga [[pribumi]] lan warga turunan [[cina]].<ref name="internet1"/> == Lagu == Jaman biyèn lagu Gambang Semarang mirib kaya lagu [[Gambang Kromong]] saka [[Jakarta]].<ref name="internet2">[http://oase.kompas.com/read/2010/09/18/06273414/Gambang.Semarang.yang.Gamang Gambang Semarang]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(07 Juni 2011)</ref> Nanging manut rejaning jaman, lagu Gambang Semarang diganti lagu mirunggan Gambang Semarang.<ref name="internet2"/> Laguné ya iku lagu mirunggan [[Jawa Tengah]] nganggo basa Jawa, dicampur karo [[melodi]] [[keroncong]] digabung karo lagu-lagu pop Jawa.<ref name="internet2"/> Yèn ing jaman biyèn laguné nganggo rasa [[Betawi]], [[Cina]], Jawa-Mandarin, saiki Gambang Semarang luwih nggedhèaké rasa Jawané.<ref name="internet2"/> == Jogèd == Ana ing susunan tari wis digawé rong komposisi yaiku Tari Gambang Semarang lan Tari Goyang Semarang. Iringan musik tari kasebut diatur kanthi cara ngatur tembang Gambang Semarang lan Gadho-gadho Semarang lan nyipta tembang Tari Goyang Semarang kang bisa nyengkuyung perwujudan gerak tari. Penataan dhagelan kuwi ditindakaké kanthi ngrujuk marang wujud dhagelan Gambang Semarang yaiku: dhagelan verbal, nonverbal, saha lelucon musik. Lakon kasebut digawé kanthi ngarang carita Dhadhung Kepuntir ana ing tradhisi Gambang Semarang kanthi irah-irahan [[Dhadhung Ruwet]]. Media komunikasi kang dianggo ana ing tatanan lawakan kasebut yaiku basa masarakat Semarang kang manéka warna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbyogyakarta/gambang-semarang-akulturasi-budaya-dalam-seni-tradisi/|title=Gambang Semarang AKulturasi Budaya jroning Seni Tradhisi|last=Subiyantoro|first=Subiyantoro|date=2018-02-17|website=BPNB Yogyakarta|access-date=2023-03-01|archive-date=2023-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301012717/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbyogyakarta/gambang-semarang-akulturasi-budaya-dalam-seni-tradisi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nguri-uri == Ing jaman saiki Gambang Semarang sangsaya surut, sanajan to ing semarang akèh kelompok utawa sanggar jogèd nanging luwih mentingaké ing gladhèn jogèd kang modern.<ref name="internet2"/> Ora mung gambang semarang, jogèd-jogèd jawa klasik liyané uga wis akèh sing ditinggalaké.<ref name="internet2"/> Ana pawiyatan luhur ing semarang kang isih gelem nguri-nguri Gambang Semarang ya iku [[Fakultas Sastra]] gabung karo [[UKM Jawa]] [[UNDIP]] lan uga ing [[UKM Jawa]] [[UNNES]] gabung karo para karyawan lan dhosèn.<ref name="internet2"/> Tekan puncak ketenaran ing taun 1970-an, Gambang Semarang wiwit ilang minat masyarakat ing taun 1990-an. Mundhut pangembangan seni iki wiwit katon ing taun 1980 nalika pagelarané ora dianakaké kanthi gedhé kaya sadurungé. Ing jaman iki, Gambang Semarang mung ditindakaké kanthi prasaja. Pangrembakané Gambang Semarang ngalami kemunduran amarga kepincut karo kesenian modern utawa manca sing luwih diminati para generasi enom. Kajaba iku, ing taun 1990-an muncul pandangan negatif babagan budaya Tionghoa. Amarga Gambang Semarang mujudaké akulturasi budaya Tionghoa lan Indonesia, panemu iki uga njalari ilangé minat masyarakat marang kesenian “gado-gado” iki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idntimes.com/travel/journal/himatul-aliyah-4/fakta-gambang-semarang-exp-c1c2?page=all|title=Papat Fakta Gambang Semarang|last=Aliyah|first=Himatul|date=2022-06-22|website=IDN Times|access-date=2023-03-01}}</ref> Ing lakuné dadi seni khas Semarang, Gambang Semarang duwé dinamika dhéwé. Nalika teka, pagelaran Gambang Semarang ora naté sepi pengunjung. Nganti taun 1970-an, saben acara ing Semarang tansah mbutuhaké Gambang Semarang minangka salah sawijining péntas. Nanging, lumebu taun 1980-an, minat masyarakat marang kesenian tradhisional iki wiwit suda. Gambang Semarang diresmèkaké minangka Warisan Budaya Takbenda (WBTb) ing taun 2018 selaras karo SK Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI. Saiki, Gambang Semarang lumrahé dileksanakaké ing macem-macem acara kayata pahargyan Taun Anyar Cina ing pura, mantènan, [[khitanan]], karnaval, dhugdhèran (pahargyan adat mapag Ramadhan), sambutan wisatawan mancanegara, lan liya-liyané.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kebudayaan.pdkjateng.go.id/2021/04/16/apa-itu-gambang-semarang/|title=Apa Kuwi Gambang Semarang?|last=Kesenian|first=Tim|date=2018|website=Kebudayaan PDK Jawa Tengah|access-date=2023-03-01|archive-date=2023-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301012126/http://kebudayaan.pdkjateng.go.id/2021/04/16/apa-itu-gambang-semarang/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Kagunan]] [[Kategori:Kagunan Jawa]] [[Kategori:Budaya Jawa]] [[Kategori:Budaya Indhonésia]] [[Kategori:Warisan budaya]] [[Kategori:Warisan budaya dudu barang Indhonésia]] {{stub}} 8kf4re2g5yqs2uqfq6cwowf8opa2gn8 Ganja 0 73897 1759965 1656057 2026-11-05T18:40:01Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name = Cannabis (Ganja) |image = Potleaf.jpg |image_caption = Godhong Ganja | image_width = 250px | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Urticales]] | familia = [[Cannabaceae]] | genus = ''[[Cannabis]]'' | species = '''''C. sativa''''' | binomial = ''Cannabis sativa'' | binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] | subdivision_ranks = [[Subspecies]] | subdivision = ''C. sativa'' L. subsp. ''sativa''{{br}}''C. sativa'' L. subsp. ''indica'' |}} [[Gambar:Marijuana Buds.jpg|jmpl|Ganja]] '''Ganja''' (''Cannabis sativa'' [[sinonim|syn.]] ''Cannabis indica'')<ref name="internet1"/> iku [[tuwuhan]] budidaya pangasil serat, nanging luwih ditepungi amarga kandhutan dat [[narkotika]] ing wijiné, [[tetrahidrokanabinol]] (''THC'', ''tetra-hydro-cannabinol'') sing bisa gawé panganggoné ngalami ''[[euforia]]'' (rasa seneng sing dawa tanpa sebab). Tuwuhan ganja racaké digawé dadi rokok mariyuana. Ganja kalebu [[tuwuhan]] [[herba]] kang jejeg.<ref name="internet1"/> Uripé setaun langsung [[panèn]], dhuwuré lumrahé [[1]]-[[1,5]] [[m]].<ref name="internet1"/> Ganja duwé [[pang]]. Nalika [[enom]] [[rambut]]é akèh.<ref name="internet1"/> [[Godhong]] ganja thukul ing pangkal gagang.<ref name="internet1"/> Godhong ganja duwé gagang dawa, [[stipula]] bébas lan dhapuré kaya [[benang]] utawa kaya [[tombak]].<ref name="internet1"/> == Dasanama == Ginje jawa ([[Jawa]]), ganja, bakong, on mangat, ata pulo, gelek ([[Acèh]]).<ref name="internet1"/> == Habitat == Ganja urip ing panggonan kang duwé [[iklim]] [[tropis]] kang lembab.<ref name="internet1"/> Tujuwané kanggo mrodhuksi résin [[narkotik]]. [[Serat]] kang optimal bisa diasilaké nalika ganja urip ing [[tlatah]] kang suhuné [[15]]-[[27]] drajat [[celcius]].<ref name="internet1"/> Ganja thukul paling akèh ing Acèh.<ref name="internet1"/> == Réprodhuksi == Ganja bisa ditangkaraké wijiné.<ref name="internet1"/> [[Wiji]] nukulaké [[cambah]] ing [[temperatur]] asor nanging ora sangisoré 1 [[drajat]] [[celcius]].<ref name="internet1"/> Temperatur lemah 10-12 drajat celcius paling apik kanggo urip ganja.<ref name="internet1"/> Yèn nganggo cara [[vegetatif]] bisa kanthi cara [[stèk]].<ref name="internet1"/> Nanging ana [[biokimia]] lan [[morfologi]] kang béda antarané ganja kang thukul saka wiji lan kang ditangkaraké kanthi cara [[vegetatif]].<ref name="internet1">[http://archive.kaskus.us/thread/1441242/10 archive.kaskus.us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126203204/http://archive.kaskus.us/thread/1441242/10 |date=2024-11-26 }}(diundhuh tanggal 6 Juni 2011)</ref> == Kena ing guna == Ganja duwé akèh mupangat.<ref name="internet2"/> * ngaktifké sistem [[sèl (biologi)|sèl]]<ref name="internet2"/> * nyehatké [[jiwa]] lan [[raga]], kanggo tamba [[lelara]]<ref name="internet2"/> * èfèktif kanggo ngundhakaké kinerja [[polo]] tengen<ref name="internet2"/> * èfèktif kanggo panlitèn lan pangkajian [[IPTEK]]<ref name="internet2"/> * kanggo ngundhakaké [[ènergi]] [[alam]] ngisor sadhar<ref name="internet2"/> Nanging yèn nganggo ganja kanthi [[dosis]] kang luwih bisa mbebayani kanggo [[kaséhatan]] lan bisa njalari ''ketagihan''.<ref name="internet2">[http://filsafat.kompasiana.com/2010/03/07/daun-ganja-100-bermanfaat-positif/ filsafat.kompasiana.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806020217/http://filsafat.kompasiana.com/2010/03/07/daun-ganja-100-bermanfaat-positif |date=2011-08-06 }}(diundhuh tanggal 6 Juni 2011)</ref> == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Tetuwuhan]] [[Kategori:Narkotika]] {{botani-stub}} jsclkw8w6wohmq0nyl38muugscinaw4 Khālid ibn Yazīd 0 73922 1760169 1707025 2026-11-06T05:37:55Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Julie Perkins at LLNL.jpg|thumb|250px| Para Kimiawan, Panerus babagan ngèlmu Kimia sasampunipun Khalid bin Yazid bin Muawwiyah]] '''Khalid bin Yazid bin Muawwiyah''', (miyos taun 635 Masehi, ninggal yuswa taun 704 Masehi <ref name="khalid ibn Yazid2">[http://www.history-science-technology.com/Articles/articles%204.htm Sajarah Jabir ibnu Hayyan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524150623/http://www.history-science-technology.com/Articles/articles%204.htm |date=2011-05-24 }} dipununduh tanggal 6 Juni 2011</ref>)priyantun [[Arab]] kapisan ingkang gadhah karemenan bab ngèlmu [[kimia|al kemis]] (635-704 Masehi).<ref name="khalid ibn jazid1">[http://www.alshindagah.com/julaug2005/gold.html al Shindagah] dipununduh tanggal 5 Juni 2011</ref> Seratan punika saking pertalan buku damelan [[kimia|al kemis]] [[Yunani]].<ref name="khalid ibn jazid1"/> Piyambakipun uga dipunkenal dados panulis buku bab [[kimia|ngèlmu kimia]], kathah Seratan bab [[kimia|ngèlmu kimia]], nanging buku-buku manika boten wonten ingkang taksih dipunpangihi.<ref name="khalid ibn jazid1"/> Nanging sampun kathah ahli [[kimia|al kemis]] sanès ingkang ngutip seratan saking Khalid bin Yazid, ingkang dipunserat malih wonten buku-buku bab [[kimia|ngèlmu kimia]] Khalid bin Yazid punika guru saking ahli [[kimia|al kemis]] uga panemu ageng [[Jabar bin Hayyan|Jābir ibn Hayyān]] ingkang dipuntepang Bapak [[kimia|ngèlmu kimia]] wonten ing tlatah [[Éropah]].<ref name="khalid ibn jazid3">[http://en.islamstory.com/muslims-innovation-of-chemistry.html islam inovasi kimia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215152040/http://en.islamstory.com/muslims-innovation-of-chemistry.html |date=2010-12-15 }} dipununduh tanggal 5 Juni 2011</ref> Kamunculan Khalid bin Yazid dipunsambungaken kaliyan [[kimia|ngèlmu kimia]], piyambakipun belajar [[kimia|ngèlmu kimia]] kaliyan usada saking [[Monk Marianos]].<ref name="khalid ibn jazid3"/> [[Kimia|Ilmu Kimia]] punika dipunjlentrehaken kemalih déning Khalid bin Yazid saking pertalan abasa [[Yunani]] (tahap kapisan) dipunlajengaken tahap ''inovasi'' sarta panemuan.<ref name="khalid ibn jazid3"/> Ngangge buku-buku bab [[kimia|ngèlmu Kimia]] saking [[Yunani]] sarta [[Mesir]] ingkang piyambakipun angsal, Para ahli [[kimia|al kemis]] saking [[Arab]] saged milai nyobi ugi ngawontenaken panelitian asli nganggé acuan saking buku punika.<ref name="khalid ibn jazid1"/> Deskripsi saking praktek kapisan para ahli [[kimia]] punika dipunserat wonten ''kitab al Fihrist'', ''ensiklopedia ingkang dipunserat déning [[Al Nadim]] saking [[Arab]] nalika taun 988 CE.<ref name="khalid ibn jazid1"/> Wonten ing ensiklopedia punika, wonten bab ingkang mbahas bab [[kimia|ngèlmu kimia]] ingkang nyebataken asal-usul saking ngèlmu punika.<ref name="khalid ibn jazid1"/> Uga wonten pratélan asma-asma saking para ahli [[kimia]] [[Yunani]] ingkang misuwur nalika jaman samana.<ref name="khalid ibn jazid1"/> Antawisipun priyantun [[Arab]], kaya ta '''Yazid bin Khalid''', [[Jabir bin Hayyan|Jābir ibn Hayyān]], [[Ar-Razi]], [[Ibnu Wahshiyya]] uga [[Dhu'n-Nun]] (priyantun [[Mesir]]).<ref name="khalid ibn jazid1"/> Khalid bin Yazid nyerat tiiga risalah bab [[kimia|ngèlmu kimia]]<ref name="khalid ibn jazid3"/>: # Al-Ser Al-Badea fi Fak Al-Ramz Al-Manea # Ferdous Al Hekma fi Elm Al-Chemea sarta # Maqalata Marianos Al-Raheb (loro barang saking Monk Marianos) ingkang isinipun cariyos-cariyos kaliyan [[Monk Marianos|Marianos]] uga belajar wujud saking simbol-simbol.<ref name="khalid ibn jazid3"/> == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} {{Islamic alchemy and chemistry}} '''Teks tebal''' [[Kategori:Penemu]] [[Kategori:Sajarah]] nw8a7odyr4s59rpq9yfk35f8vc2qmkg Lempongan Siam 0 73973 1760235 1747343 2026-11-06T08:44:55Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760235 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Gulf of Thailand in its region.svg|right|Map showing the location]] '''Lempongan Siam''' utawa '''Lempongan Thailand''' yaiku salh siji [[lempongan]] kang manggon ana ing [[Laut China Selatan]] ([[Samodra Pasifik]]), diubengi déning nagara [[Malaysia]], [[Thailand]], [[Kamboja]] lan [[Vietnam]].<ref name="internet1">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://gulfthailand.com/ http://gulfthailand.com]</ref> Pérangan sisih lor lempongan iki yaiku ''Bight of Bangkok'' ana ing hulu [[Kali Chao Phraya]], cedhaké [[Bangkok]].<ref name="internet1"/> Lempongan iki nyakup wilwyah kang ambané 320.000 [[kilomèter persegi|km&sup2;]].<ref name="internet1"/> Wates saka lempongan iki dujelasake déning garis saka Tanjung Bai Bung ing sisih wétan Vietnam (ana ing sisih wétan kali [[Mekong]]) tumuju [[Kota Baru]] ing pasisir Malaysia.<ref name="internet1"/> Lempongan Thailand ora jero, jerone rata-rata yaiku sakiwa-tengené 45 m, lan jerono maksimal mung 80 m.<ref name="internet1"/> Jerone lempongan sing kaya mau ngebabke pertukaran banyu alon lan alirane banyu saka kali-kali nyebabake lempongan iki duwé salinitas cendhek (3,05-3,25%) lan uga akèh [[sedimen]].<ref name="internet1"/> Tingkat salinitas sing luwih dhuwur anané ing perairan sing rada jero, salinitase (3,4%) sing lumebu ana ing lempongan siam iki.<ref name="internet1"/> Kali utama kang ngalir tumuju lempongan iki yaiku kali [[Chao Phraya]] (kalebu saka anak kali Chin) lan [[Mae Klong|Maeklong]] ing Bight of Bangkok, lan [[Kali Nanging, Thailand|Kali Nanging]] tumuju [[Lempongan Bandon]] ing barat daya lempongan.<ref name="internet1"/> Ana ing [[jaman es]] pungkasane Lempongan Thailand ora ana amarga lumah sagara kang cendhek.<ref name="internet2">{{Cite web |url=http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en{{!}}id&u=http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/gulfofthailand.htm |title=www.worldatlas.com |access-date=2011-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203050610/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/gulfofthailand.htm |archive-date=2012-02-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Amarga angete suhu ana ing laladan tropis banyu ana ing Lempongan Thailand dadi panggon saka karang [[koral]], lan uga kanggo panggon resort penyelaman.<ref name="internet2"/> Panggon paling populer kanggo para turis kang dolan menyang lempongan iki yaiku [[Ko Samui]] ing [[provinsi Surat Thani]], lan [[Ko Tao]] yaiku pusat kanggo penyelaman para turis kang dolan menyang lempongan iki.<ref name="internet2"/> Lempongan iki uga duwé kandhutan sumber daya [[lenga]] lan luwih akèh manèh yaiku [[gas alam]].<ref name="internet2"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{Pratélan laut}} [[Kategori:Lempongan|Thailand]] [[Kategori:Géografi Thailand]] {{stub}} f0xzqweaffrcbry17fa3b867t3o7ncy Hello Kitty 0 75044 1760020 1691975 2026-11-05T21:37:27Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760020 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hello Kitty''' ya iku paraga [[kartun]] kang awujud [[kucing]] nganggo [[pita]] cilik.<ref name="internet 1">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.hellokittyuniverse.com/page/Hello%2BKitty%2BBiography Biografi Hello Kitty ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305032010/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://www.hellokittyuniverse.com/page/Hello%2BKitty%2BBiography |date=2016-03-05 }}, diaksés tanggal 24 Juni 2011.</ref> == Lair == Ing alam donya Hello Kitty lair ing Jepang taun 1974, nalika sawijining perusahaan ing [[Tokyo]], ya iku perusaahn [[co]] [[Sanrio]] njaluk désainer Ikuko Shimizu kanggo nemu karakter kartun kang bisa disenengi remaja wadon.<ref name="internet 1"/> Sanrio sadurungé wis nggawe karakter beruang, asu, lan stroberi. mula Shimizu kepéngin nggawe kucing kang peteen-nish. Sakwuse désainer nyusun kucing putih nganggo pita abang lan overall biru ing tanngal 1 November 1974, Sanrio ngenalke Hello Kitty kanggo kang kapisanan gambare lungguh kaapit botol susu lan iwak mas. == Kulawarga == Hello Kitty urip ing pinggiran kutha [[London]] karo bapaké, George White, ibuné, Mary White, lan sadulur kembaré, Mimmy White. Kepiye carané kanggo mbedakake Hello Kitty lan Mimmy White? Gatekna pita kang dienggo, Hello Kitty luwih seneng pita abang ing sakdhuwure kuping kiwa lan Mimmy White luwih seneng pita kuning ing sakdhuwure kuping tengen. == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} 0yahijdudv2115imxsmffdxlb4czlz8 Honda 0 75413 1760030 1756989 2026-11-05T22:00:36Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Company |company_name = Honda Motor Company, Ltd.<br /><small>''Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki-gaisha''<br />本田技研工業株式会社</small> |company_logo = [[Gambar:Honda.svg|270px]] |caption = |company_type = [[Perusahaan publik]]<br />({{tyo|7267}}) & ({{nyse|HMC}}) |slogan = ''"The Power of Dreams"'' |foundation = [[24 September]] [[1948]] |founder = <div> * [[Soichiro Honda]] * [[Takeo Fujisawa]] </div> |location = [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]], [[Tokyo]], Jepang |key_people = <div> * [[Satoshi Aoki]] <small>([[Chairman]])</small> * [[Takanobu Ito]] <small>([[CEO]])</small> </div> |num_employees = 181,876<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zenobank.com/index.php?symbol=HMC&page=quotesearch |title=Company Profile for Honda Motor Co Ltd (HMC) |accessdate=2008-09-29}}</ref> |area_served = Worldwide |industry = <div> * [[Otomotif]] * [[Aeronautika]] </div> |products = <div> * [[Mobil]] * [[Motor]] * [[Skuter]] * [[all-terrain vehicle|ATVs]] * [[Generator elektrik]] * [[Robot]] * [[Electric boat|Marine Equipment]] * [[Jet Aircraft|Jet]] * [[Mesin Jet]] * [[Landscape maintenance|Lawn and Garden Equipment]] </div> |subsid = <div> * [[Acura]] * [[Honda Aircraft Company]] </div> |market cap = [[United States Dollar|US$]] 54.0 Billion (''FY 2009'')<ref name= 09keyFinancialMetrics /> |revenue = {{profit}} [[United States Dollar|US$]] 120.27 Billion (''FY 2009'')<ref name = 09keyFinancialMetrics>[[wikinvest:stock/Honda Motor Company (HMC)/Data|Breakdown of Honda Corporation's key earnings and income metrics via Wikinvest]]</ref> |operating_income = {{profit}} [[United States Dollar|US$]] 2.34 Billion (''FY 2009'')<ref name= 09keyFinancialMetrics /> |net_income = {{profit}} [[United States Dollar|US$]] 1.39 Billion (''FY 2009'')<ref name= 09keyFinancialMetrics /> |assets = {{increase}} [[United States Dollar|US$]] 124.98 Billion (''FY 2009'')<ref name= 09keyFinancialMetrics /> |equity = {{increase}} [[United States Dollar|US$]] 40.6 Billion (''FY 2009'')<ref name= 09keyFinancialMetrics /> |homepage = [http://world.honda.com/ Honda Worldwide] }} [[Gambar:Gambar_Logo_Honda.gif|thumb|right|250px|Logo Honda Motor,Co Ltd]] [[Gambar:honda.rune.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Sepeda motor Honda Rune 1832cc]] {{nihongo|'''Honda Motor Company, Ltd.'''|Japanese: 本田技研工業株式会社|Honda Giken Kōgyō [[Kabushiki kaisha|Kabushiki-gaisha]]|Honda Technology Research Institute Company, Limited}} {{Audio|Honda_giken_kougyou.ogg|pirengaken}} ({{tyo|7267}}) inggih punika prodhusèn [[montor]], [[trek]], [[motor]], lan [[skuter]] ingkang asalipun saking negri [[Jepang]].<ref name="capitans1"/> '''Honda''' wiwit wonten ing tanggal 24 September 1948, déning [[Soichiro Honda]].<ref name="capitans1"/> Honda dados prodhusen [[montor]] ingkang paling ageng sadonya wiwit taun 1959.<ref name="capitans1">[http://books.google.com/books?id=XF7V9w8ByrcC&pg=PA172 ''Cases in contemporary strategy analysis''] dipunundhuh tanggal 2 Juli 2011</ref> Honda ugi dados prodhusen ''[[mesin]] pambesmèn dalam'' paling ageng sadonya kanthi prodhuksi langkung saking sekawan welas [[juta]] saben satunggal [[taun]].<ref name="capitans2">[http://www.ohio.honda.com/pressroom/View_Release.cfm?articleid=174''FIRST MOTORCYCLE AIRBAG EARNS TAKATA AND HONDA 2008 AUTOMOTIVE NEWS PACE INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP AWARD''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308025434/http://www.ohio.honda.com/pressroom/View_Release.cfm?articleid=174 |date=2009-03-08 }} dipunundhuh tanggal 2 Juli 2011</ref> '''Honda''' sukses nggeser [[Nissan]] minangka prodhusen [[mobil]] paling ageng utawa kathah nomer kalih ing [[Jepang]] taun [[2001]].<ref name="capitans3">[http://www.channel4.com/4car/news/news-story.jsp?news_id=3266&ref=archive''Honda overtakes Nissan to become Japan's second-largest carmaker. - Latest Car News from 4Car''] dipunundhuh tanggal 2 Juli 2011</ref> Honda ugi suksès nggèsèr [[Chrysler]] supados dados prodhusèn mobil paling ageng nomer sekawan ing [[pasar]] [[Amérikah Sarékat]].<ref name="capitans4">[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-08-19/honda-founder-s-dream-of-u-s-production-protects-earnings-as-yen-surges.html ''Honda's Dream of U.S. Production Protects Profits as Yen Surges''] dipunundhuh tanggal 2 Juli 2011</ref> Sapunika, '''Honda''' dados [[pabrik]]an [[mobil]] paling ageng nomer [[enem]] sadonya.<ref name="capitans2"/> Taun [[2004]], '''Honda''' sampun mrodhuksi montor [[diesel]], ingkang kaunggulanipun inggih punika boten mbetahaken saringan kanggé nglangkungi standar polusi.<ref name="capitans2"/> '''Honda''' dados pabrikan [[Jepang]] ingkang wiwitan damel mobil ''mewah'' kanthi merek [[Acura]] kanggé mobil ''mewah'' ing [[Amérika Ler]].<ref name="capitans2"/> Kaunggulanipun prodhuk '''Honda''' inggih punika kiyat lan jarang risak.<ref name="capitans2"/> Mligi ing [[Indonesia]], prodhuk '''Honda''' ingkang palung misuwur utawi ''memasyarakat'' inggih punika prodhuk [[montor]].<ref name="capitans2"/> Kantor pusat '''Honda''' wonten ing [[Tokyo]]. Saham '''Honda''' dipunsade ing kathah bursa saham, kados [[Bursa Saham Tokyo]], [[Bursa Saham New York]], [[Osaka]], [[Nagoya]], [[Sapporo]], [[Kyoto]], [[Fukuoka]], [[London]], [[Paris]], lan [[Switserlan]].<ref name="capitans2"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * [http://www.honda.com/ Situs resmi] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230901230112/https://www.honda-indonesia.com/ PT Honda Prospect Motor] (mobil) * [http://enformasi.com/2008/11/sejarah-perusahaan-honda.html Sajarah Perusahaan Honda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820053525/http://www.enformasi.com/2008/11/sejarah-perusahaan-honda.html |date=2011-08-20 }} * [http://www.honda-tech.com/ Honda-Tech, technical expertise] * [http://automobiles.honda.com/ Official automobiles site (US)] * [http://powersports.honda.com/ Official motorcycles site (US)] * [http://www.hondamotorcycle.net Honda motorcycle resources, SOHC4 enthusiast site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909094044/http://www.hondamotorcycle.net/ |date=2006-09-09 }} [[Kategori:Artikel mawa basa krama]] [[Kategori:Otomotif]] [[Kategori:Honda]] {{stub}} dsp7jz88cngw54x9pp7vheh37zmr3ii Donna Harun 0 75436 1759916 1692945 2026-11-05T15:34:24Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person | name = Donna Harun | image = Donna harun.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|2|21}} | birth_place = [[Bandung]], [[Jawa Kulon]], [[Indonesia]] | birthname = Donna Frederika Rubyanti | othername = | death_date = | death_place = | years_active = | occupation = [[Artis]], [[Model]] | spouse = Hendra Rahtomo | partner = | children = [[Ricky Harun]] | parents = | influences = | influenced = | website = }} '''Donna Harun''' ({{lahirmati|[[Bandung]], [[Jawa Kulon]]|21|2|1968}}) iku [[aktris]] lan [[model]] saka [[Indonesia]].<ref name="donna">[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/d/donna_harun/ biografi Donna Harun] dipununduh tanggal 4 Juli 2011</ref><ref name="donna harun">[http://m.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/donna-harun-andalkan-inner-beauty-s6fj4pn-1.html Donna Harun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825074533/https://m.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/donna-harun-andalkan-inner-beauty-s6fj4pn-1.html |date=2019-08-25 }} dipununduh tanggal 4 Juli 2011</ref> Donna Harun, dikenal dadi bintang model lan artis sinétron ning [[Indonesia]].<ref name="donna"/> Donna iku adik kandhung saka [[Sandy Harun]], kang dikenal uga dadi bintang model ning [[Indonesia]].<ref name="donna"/> Bebrayanan karo [[Hendra Rahtomo]], anak saka politisi kang uga putri saka mantan présidhèn [[Soekarno]], [[Rachmawati Soekarnoputri]] iki dikaruniai anak lanang, kang dijenengi [[Ricky Harun]], kang saiki esih ndalami seni peran ning layar kaca.<ref name="donna"/> Nganti saiki Donna Harun dikenal dadi sosok model senior kang kaloka.<ref name="donna"/> Dhèwèké uga sok mèlu mbintangi [[sinétron]] kang ana ning layar kaca.<ref name="donna"/> Garwa saka Donna Harun, [[Hendra Rahtomo]] kang setia karo Donna Harun iki wongé narima Donna Harun apa anané, Donna Harun kang nglakoni uripé kanthi alami, jalan terus ora nganggo pola ttartemtu iki tetep akur-akur baé.<ref name="donna harun"/> Amarga dhewekké duwé pamikiran dhéwé babagan kauripan ning kaluwargané.<ref name="donna harun"/> Manawa kaluwargané iku duwé tata cara dhéwé kang paling apik ning njeroning sistem kang ditata ning ngomahé.<ref name="donna harun"/> Dhèwèké duwé tanggapan, manawa tata cara ning ngomahé ora paling apik, nanging tetep nyoba dadi kang paling apik ning kaluwargané.<ref name="donna harun"/> Artis lan model senior iki duwé pamikiran prasaja babagan masa puber kang kaping loro amarga umur kang wis ora enom manèh Kanggo dhèwèké, babagan iku ora dadi kepikiran amarga dhèwèké duwé pamikiran babagan apa kang wis diolehi saiki kasil panen saka rasa iklas amarga dadi ibu rumah tangga.<ref name="donna harun"/> Kabèh disukuri lan ora mikir kang ora-ora.<ref name="donna harun"/> == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Aktris Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Modhèl Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Bandung]] [[Kategori:Lair 1968]] 04yjp7spbiog50cj1cne3ib23s8yex2 Marsilea 0 75523 1760262 1657590 2026-11-06T10:27:39Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = Marsilea | image = Semanggi.png | image_width = 240px | image_caption = ''Marsilea drummondii'' L. | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Pteridophyta]] | classis = [[Pteridopsida]] | ordo = [[Salviniales]] | familia = [[Marsileaceae]] | genus = '''''Marsilea''''' [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = sakiwa-tengené 35 spésies, di antaranya * ''M. crenata'' * ''M. quadrifolia'' * ''M. drummondii'' * ''M. macrocarpa'' * ''M. exarata'' }} [[Gambar:Marsilea azorica (Habitus).jpg|thumb|250 px|Semanggi]] '''Semanggi''' ya iku jeneng kanggo kulawarga [[paku banyu]] ('''Salviniales''') saka [[génus|marga]] ''Marsilea'' kang ana ing [[Indonésia]] akèh tinemu ing [[sawah]], [[kali]] utawa ing pinggir saluran [[irigasi]]. [[Tuwuhan]] semanggi nduwéni [[morfologi]] kang khas amarga wujud [[ental]]é kang pada kaya [[payung]]. Wujud iki kasusun saka anak godhong kang cacahé papat lan dhapuré adhep-adhepan. Amarga saka wujud [[godhong]] kang kaya ngéné iki, jeneng semanggi dianggo kanggo jinis tuwuhan [[dikotil]] kang duwé godhong kang susunané mirib kaya semanggi. Tuwuhan iki kaya ta [[klover]]. Semanggi nduwé [[spora|heterosporkang]] duwé loro tipe [[spora]] kang jinis kelaminé béda. [[Godhong]] tuwuhan iki, umpamané ''M. crenata'' lumrahé dianggo nggawé masakan kaya ta [[pecel]].<ref name="internet1"/> Pecel kang digawé saka semanggi diarani pecel semanggi. Pecel iki dadi masakan khas [[Surabaya]].<ref name="internet1"/> Pérangan organ kang kanggo nyimpen [[spora]] (diarani sporokarp) ''M. drummondii''.<ref name="internet1"/> Pérangan iki uga dimanfaataké pandhudhuh asli [[Australia]] ([[aborigin]]) dadi masakan. Semanggi ''M. crenata'' uga ngandhut [[fitoestrogen]] ([[estrogen]] tuwuhan) kang nduwéni poténsi kanggo ncegah [[osteoporesis]].<ref name="internet1">[http://www.surya.co.id/web/index.php/Wanita_Kesehatan/Semanggi_Cegah_Osteoporosis.html surya.co.id ]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 5 Juli 2011)</ref> Tuwuhan iki uga duwé potensi dadi tuwuhan [[bioremediasi]], awit bisa nyesep [[logam berat]] [[Cd]] lan [[Pb]]. Kanthi iki perlu ati-ati nalika masak semanggi mligi godhong semanggi kang dijupuk saka panggonan kang akèh [[logam]] ''berat''é.<ref name="internet1"/> Nalika digawé pecel, godhong semanggi lumrahé diwénéhi [[bumbu]] [[pedhes]].<ref name="internet2"/> Carané masak kanthi digodhog utawa didang.<ref name="internet2"/> Semanggi lumrahé dipangan nganggo [[krupuk]] karo bumbu.<ref name="internet2"/> Bumbu kanggo masak semanggi ya iku, [[kacang brol]], [[tela]], [[gula abang]], [[gula putih]], [[asem]], [[bawang]], [[trasi]], [[lombok]], lan [[petis]].<ref name="internet2">[http://www.koranrakyatonline.com/?p=1982 koranrakyatonline.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528220925/http://www.koranrakyatonline.com/?p=1982 |date=2025-05-28 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 5 Juli 2011)</ref> == Uga delengen == * [[Pilularia]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.thekrib.com/Plants/Plants/Marsilea.html Diskusi informatif tentang Marsilea] == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Marsileaceae]] [[Kategori:Salviniales]] [[Kategori:Semanggi]] {{Stub}} [[ja:デンジソウ]] 59qip6lea60d6ofoq21owdlbl4novbj Enno Lerian 0 75815 1759940 1655878 2026-11-05T16:41:52Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artis indonesia |name = Enno Lerian |image = Enno Lerian.jpg |imagesize = |caption = |birthdate = {{birth date and age|1983|10|8}} |birthplace = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Lampung]], [[Indonesia]] |birthname = |othername = |deathdate = |deathplace = |yearsactive = [[1993]]–saiki |occupation = [[aktris]], [[penyanyi]] |spouse = Muhammad Nayaka Untara (pegat) |partner = |children = Bumi Pradipa Pria Untara |parents = Edi Subroto lan Rina Puspita Sari |influences = |influenced = |website = }} '''Enno Lerian''' ({{lahirmati|[[Lampung]]|8|10|1983}}).<ref name="internet1"/> Enno Lerian iku salah sijiné artis [[sinétron]].<ref name="internet1"/> Biyèn Enno dikenal minangka penyanyi cilik kang misuwur ing masarakat [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet1"/> Saiki Enno wis nduwé anak siji lan wis pegat karo bojoné.<ref name="internet1">[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/e/enno_lerian/ selebriti.kapanlagi.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 18 Juli 2011)</ref> == Biografi == Enno wiwit misuwur nalika nyanyekaké lagu kang irah-irahane ''Si Nyamuk Nakal''.<ref name="internet1"/> Nalika iku, umuré lagi 9 taun.<ref name="internet1"/> Sawisé nyanyi lagu iku, Enno banjur dadi idolané bocah-bocah nalika iku.<ref name="internet1"/> Enno wis nggawé album rekaman kang cacahé 8.<ref name="internet1"/> Album-album iki kaya ta ''Si Nyamuk Nakal'', ''Dakocan'', ''Semua Ada Disini'', ''Dudidam'', ''Oioio'', lan album kang nduwéni nuansa islami kang cacahé 3 ya iku ''Salaman'', ''Ikut Lebaran'', lan kang pungkasan irah-irahané ''belajar mengaji''.<ref name="internet1"/> Ora mung nyanyi, Eno uga dadi presenter pogram kang jenengé ''Enno Ceria'' kang nalika iku dibabaraké ing [[SCTV]].<ref name="internet1"/> Enno uga akting ing sinétron kang irah-irahané ''Deru Debu''.<ref name="internet1"/> Enno Lerian tau nampa akèh bebungah kaya ta ''Penyanyi Favorit Pilihan Pemirsa VAN (Video Anak Anteve) [[1997]]'', ''Pembawa Acara Terbaik Panasonic Awards [[1997]]'', lan ''Penyanyi Terbaik saka Anugerah Musik Indonesia (AMI) [[1997]]''.<ref name="internet1"/> Sawisé diwasa jenengé wiwit ora tau keprungu manèh ing jagad hiburan.<ref name="internet2"/> Enno uga tau dadi ''dubber'' kanggo swara Serene ing filem animasi kang judhulé ''Homeland''.<ref name="internet2"/> Saliyané iku, Enno uga tau meranaké tokoh Wulan ing sinétron ''Bintang Rumah Susun''.<ref name="internet2"/> Enno lan bojoné resmi pegatan nalika tanggal [[3 Januari]] [[2006]].<ref name="internet2"/> Saka pernikahan iki, Enno nduwé anak lanang siji kang jenengé Bumi Pradipa Pria Untara.<ref name="internet2"/> Sawisé pegat, Enno banjur main stripping ing sinétron ''Melati untuk Marvel''.<ref name="internet2"/> Kanggo njaga penampilané nalika akir sasi [[Juni]] [[2009]], Enno banjur oprasi kanggo ngilangaké andheng-andheng kang manggon ing [[irung]]é.<ref name="internet2"/> Kamangka andheng-andheng iki wis dadi ciri khasé Enno.<ref name="internet2">[http://www.infoselebindo.com/2010/08/profil-enno-lerian.html infoselebindo.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222115800/http://www.infoselebindo.com/2010/08/profil-enno-lerian.html |date=2025-02-22 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 18 Juli 2011)</ref> == Filmografi == * ''Selimut Berdarah'' ([[2010]]) == Sinetron == * ''Deru Debu'' * ''Bintang Rumah Susun'' * ''Larasati'' (sinétron) * ''Anak Membawa Berkah'' * ''Terlanjur Cinta'' * ''Dia Anakku'' == Album == * ''Si Nyamuk Nakal'' * ''Dakocan'' * ''Semua Ada di Sini'' * ''Dudidam'' * ''Oioio'' * ''Salaman'' * ''Ikut Lebaran'' == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Aktris Indonésia]] {{stub}} ec3jv2ex3pqzha1ypi1t8stycr70nyk Ibnu Taimiyah 0 76444 1760038 1692475 2026-11-05T22:20:49Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Muslim scholars |notability = [[Islamic scholar]] |era = Late Middle Ages |image = |caption = |name = '''Ibn Taymiyyah''' |title = [[Sheikh ul-Islam]] |birth_date = 661 AH, or 1263 CE <ref name="atheism">{{Cite web |url=http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/islam/blfaq_islam_taymiyyah.htm |title=Ibn Taymiyyah: Profile and Biography |publisher=Atheism.about.com |date=2009-10-29 |accessdate=2010-06-09 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224194306/http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/islam/blfaq_islam_taymiyyah.htm%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />[[Harran]]<ref name="muslimphilosophy.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H039.htm |title=Ibn Taymiyya, Taqi al-Din (661-728 AH)/ (1263–1328 CE) |publisher=Muslimphilosophy.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-09}}</ref> |death_date = 728 AH, or {{Death year and age|1328|1263}}<ref name="atheism"/><br />[[Damascus]]<ref name="muslimphilosophy.com"/> |region = Middle Eastern Scholar |Maddhab = [[Hanbali]] |school_tradition = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] |influences = |influenced = <small>[[Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya|Ibn al-Qayyim]] (d 721 AH / 1350 CE),<br />[[Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi|al-Mizzi]] (d 1341 CE),<br />[[al-Dhahabi]] (d 1347 CE),<ref name="Knowledge">Mountains of Knowledge, pg 222</ref> <br />[[Ibn Muflih]] (d 1361 CE),<br />[[Ibn Kathir]] (d 1373 CE),<ref>Mountains of Knowledge, pg 220</ref><br />[[Ibn Abi al-Izz]] (d 1390 CE),<br />[[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab|Ibn Abd al Wahhab]] (d 1792 CE)</small> }} '''Abul Abbas Taqiuddin Ahmad bin Abdus Salam bin Abdullah bin Taimiyah al Harrani''' asring dijekak Taimiyah ([[Basa Arab]]: أبو عباس تقي الدين أحمد بن عبد السلام بن عبد الله ابن تيمية الحراني) ya iku [[imam]], [[Qudwah]], [['Alim]], [[Zahid]] lan [[Da'i]] ila Allah, apik amarga omongane, lakuné, sabare, uga jihade.<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.mail-archive.com/assunnah@yahoogroups.com/msg09285.html], diaksés tanggal 15 Juli 2011.</ref> Ibnu Taimiyah duwé jeneg jangkep [[Taqiyyudin Ahmad bin Abdilhalim bin Taymiyyah]].<ref name="internet 2">[http://www.2lisan.com/biografi/tokoh-islam/ibnu-taymiyah/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717040854/http://www.2lisan.com/biografi/tokoh-islam/ibnu-taymiyah/ |date=2011-07-17 }}, diaksés tanggal 15 Juli 2011.</ref> == Nasab == Dhèwèké ya iku Syaikhul Islam Al Imam Ahmad bin Abdul Halim bin Abdus Salambin Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Al Khadr bin Muhammad bin Al Khadr bin Ali binAbdullah bin Taimiyyah Al Harani Ad Dimasyqi. Jeneng Kunyahe dhèwèké ya iku [[Abul'Abbas]].<ref name="internet 5">[http://www.scribd.com/doc/51771364/biografi-ibnu-taimiyyah], diaksés tanggal 15 Juli 2011.</ref> == Lair == Ibnu Taimiyah lair ing [[Harran]], sawijining kutha induk ing [[Jazirah]] [[Arabia]] kang ana ing antarané kali [[Dajalah]] ([[Tigris]]) karo [[Efrat]], dina Senin 10 [[Rabiu'ul Awal]] taun 661 H.<ref name="internet 3">[http://blog-indonesia.com/blog-archive-13590-90.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122635/http://blog-indonesia.com/blog-archive-13590-90.html |date=2016-03-04 }}, diaksés tanggal 15 Juli 2011.</ref> == Kulawarga == Dhèwèké saka kulawrga taqwa. Bapake [[Syihabuddin bin Taymiyyah]] sawijining Syaikh, hakim, khatib, ‘alim lan wara’. Mbah kakunge [[Majduddin Abul Birkan Abdussalam bin Abdullah bin Taymiyyah Al-Harrani]] sawijining Syaikhul Islam, Ulama fiqih, ahli hadits, tapsir, Ilmu Ushul lan hafidz.<ref name="internet 2"/> == Ijrah == Dhèwèké ijrah ing [[Damasyq]] ([[Damsyik]]) karo wong tuwa lan kulawargané nalika isih cilik, amarga bala [[Tartar]] nyerabg negerine. Dhèwèké sakkaluwarga ijrah ing wayah wengi sinambi nyeret [[grobag]] gedhé kang isiné kebak kitab-kitab [[ngèlmu]]. <ref name="internet 4">[http://berita.univpancasila.ac.id/berita-1720-biografi-ibnu-taimiyyah--sang-mujahid-besar.html]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, diaksés tanggal 15 Juli 2011.</ref> Sawijining wektu, grobage rusak ing tengah dalan nganti meh konangan musuh. ing kaanan kang kaya mangkono, dhèwèké nglakoni [[istighatsah]] marang [[Allah]] Ta'ala. Akhire kabèh padha slamet kalebu kitab-kitabe. == Pendhidhikan == Ing dhèwèké merguru ing akèh guru. Ilmu itung, khat, Nahwu, Ushul fiqih kabèh digoleki. Ing umur kang enom, dhèwèké wis éntuk ngèlmu utama saka manungsa utama. Dhèwèké uga éntuk karunia saka Allah wujud gampang ngapalke lan angèl lai, saéngga ing umur kang enom, dhèwèké wis apal Quran. Dhèwèké uga ngimbangi tamake golèk ngèlmu karo karesikan atine. Dhèwèké seneng banget nekani majelis-majelis mudzakarah (dzikir). Umur 17 taun, kepekaane tumrap donyane ngèlmu wiwit ketara. Umur 19, dhèwèké wis mènèhi fatwa. Ibnu Taymiyyah ngerti rijalul Hadits (perawi hadits) lan Fununul hadits (warna-warna hadits) kang lemah, cacat utawa shahih. Dhèwèké paham kabèh hadits kang ana ing Kutubus Sittah lan Al-Musnad. Ing ngetokaké ayat-ayat kanggo hujjah, dhèwèké duwé kahebatan kang luar biyasa, saéngga bisa ngandakake kesalahan uga kelemahane para mufassir. Saben wengi tansah nulis tapsir, fiqh, ngèlmu ‘ushul sinambi ngomentari para filosof. Sadina sewengi dhèwèké saguh nulis 4 kurrosah (buku cilik) kang isiné penemu-panemuné ing babagan syari’ah. Ibnul Wardi ngandakake ing Tarikul Ibnul Warid manawa karangan dhèwèké wis nganti 500 judhul. Al-Washiti ngendhika: “Demi Allah, syaikh-mu(Ibnu Taymiyyah) duwé keagungan khuluqiyah, amaliyah, ilmiyah lan saguh ngadhepi tantangan wong-wong kang ngidak-idak hak Allah lan kehormatanNe.” == Mujahid lan Mujaddid == Ing uripé, dhèwèké tansah terjun ing masarakat kanggo amar ma’ruf nahi munkar. Sawijining dina ing perjalanan tumuju Damaskus, ing sawijining warung kang biyasa dadi panggonan kanggo kumpule pandai besi, dhèwèké ndeleng wong lagi dolanan catur. Dhèwèké langsung nekani panggonan mau kanggo njupuk papan catur lan diwalik sanalika. Dhèwèké uga naté ngrusak panggonan kanggo mabok. Ing sawijining Jumat, Ibnu Taymiyyah lan pendhereke merangi masyrakat kang manggon ing ing gunung jurdu lan Kasrawan amarga padha sesat lan rusak aqidahe amarga bala tar-tar. Dhèwèké banjur nerangaké hakikat Islam. Dhèwèké uga sawijining mujahid kang ndadèkaké jihad dadi dalan uripé. Jarene: “Jihad kita ing babagan iki kaya jihad Qazan, jabaliah, Jahmiyah, Ittihadiyah lan liya-liya. Perang iki adya iku sapérangan nikmat gedhé saka Allah Ta’ala kanggo kita. Nanging kakehan manungsa padha ora mangerteni. Taun 700 H, Syam dikepung bala tar-tar. Dhèwèké langsung nekani walikota Syam kanggo goleki kabèh kemungkinan kang bisa dadi. Kanthi ayat Alqur’an dhèwèké nggugah kasemngatan warga kanggo mbela tanah air ngusir musuh. Kegigihane mau nggawe dhèwèké dipercaya kanggo njaluk bantuwan sultan ing Kairo. Kanthi argumentasi kang mateng lan pas, dhèwèké bisa njupuk atine sultan kang banjur ngongkon tentarane tumuju Syam saéngga akhire menang. Ramelan 702 H, dhèwèké terjun dhéwé ing perang Syuquq kang dadi pusat komando wadyabala tar-tar. Bareng bala Mesir, kabèh padha maju ing snagisore komando Sultan. Kanthi semangat Allahu Akbar kang seru, akhire kasil ngusir bala tar-tar lan Syuquq bisa dikuasai. == Wafat == Syeikh Ibnu Taimiyah séda ing kunjara dadi tahanan ing kunjara [[Qal‘ah]] ing [[Damsyik]]. Dhèwèké séda malem Senin tanggal [[20 Dzulqa‘dah]] taun 728 [[Hijriyah]].<ref name="internet 6">[http://www.ppnuruliman.com/biografi/211-syaikhul-islam-ibnu-taimiyah.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808033722/http://ppnuruliman.com/biografi/211-syaikhul-islam-ibnu-taimiyah.html |date=2010-08-08 }}, diaksés tanggal 15 Juli 2011.</ref> Penduduk Damsyik lan sakiteré metu kabèh kanggo nyolati lan njujugake jenazah ing kuburan. Pirang-pirang sumber ngandakake manawa nalika séda, jenazahe dijujugake déning masarakat kang akèh banget jumlahe. == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Lair 1263]] [[Kategori:Pati 1328]] [[Kategori:Cendekiawan Muslim]] [[Kategori:Siroh]] [[Kategori:Ulama]] h3i8qkw6itjzc6c58vi76dpxbeqynlm Khadijah binti Khuwailid 0 76537 1760167 1735996 2026-11-06T05:34:49Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760167 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Khadijah.png|thumb|Kaligrafi Ummul Mukminin Sayyidah Khadijah binti Khuwailid Radhiyallahu'anha]] [[File:Ancestors_Khadija_(AS).jpg|thumb|Sarasilah leluhur Siti Khadijah lan Kanjeng Nabi Muhammad Saw]] {{Istri-istri Muhammad}} '''Khadijah binti Khuwailid''' (Basa Arab:خديجة, Khadijah al-Kubra[1]) (watara taun 555/565/570 – 619/623) yaiku garwane Kanjeng Nabi Muhammad Saw kang sepisanan. Khadijah yaiku sakbagus-bagusé wanita ahli [[swarga]] kaya kang disabdakake dening [[Rasulullah]], “ sakbagus-bagusé wanita ahli swarga yaiku [[Maryam|Maryam binti Imran]] lan Khadijah binti Khuwailid.” <ref name="internet 1">[http://www.shalihah.com/panduan-agama/biografi/biografi-khadijah-bintu-khuwailid-radhiyallahuanha www.shalihah.com], diaksés tanggal 17 Juli 2011.</ref> Khadijah yaiku wanita kapisan kang atine kesiram keimanan lan didhawuhake Gusti Allah kanggo mènèhi keturunan kanggo Rasulullah Shallallahu alaihi wassalam. Dhèwèké wanita kapisan kang dadi [[Ummahatul Mukminin]], sarta mèlu ngrasakake pirang-pirang kesusahan lan kasangsaran nalika jaman wiwitaning jihad nyebarake agama Allah kanggo para manungsa.<ref name="internet 4">[http://blog-indonesia.com/blog-archive-13345-41.html blog-indonesia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331044859/http://blog-indonesia.com/blog-archive-13345-41.html |date=2010-03-31 }}, diaksés tanggal 17 Juli 2011.</ref> == Jeneng == Jeneng jangkepé yaiku Khadijah binti Khuwailid bin Asad bin Abdul Uzza bin Qushai. == Kulawarga == Khadijah al-Kubra iku putrane [[Khuwailid bin Asad]] lan garwané kang jenenge [[Fatimah binti Za’idah]], saka [[kabilah]] [[Bani]] [[Asad]] saka suku [[Wong Kurès|Quraisy]]. Dhèwèké minangka salah siji saka[[as-Sabiqun al-Awwalun]].<ref name="internet 4"/> Khadijah digulawenthah ing lingkungan Suku Quraisy lan lair saka kulawarga kajèn 15 taun sadurungé Taun Gajah, saéngga akèh nom-noman Quraisy kang kepéngin nglamar. Sadurungé dhaup karo Rasulullah, Khadijah satemene wis naté rabi ping pindho. Garwa kapisan Khadijah yaiku Abu Halah at-Tamimi, kang sedo kanthi ninggal bandha akèh, uga jaringan dedagangan kang amba lan tumuwuh. Garwa sing kepindho yaiku Atiq bin Aidz bin Makhzum, kang sedo uga kanthi ninggali bandha akèh lan dedagangan. Kabèh mau ndadèkaké Khadijah wong paling sugih nderbala ing suku Quraisy. == Wanita Kang Suci == Sayyidah Khadijah kaloka kanthi paraban wanita suci sakawit dhaupe karo Abu Halah lan Atiq bin Aidz amarga kautaman akhlak lan sipate kang pinuji. Amarga iku, mokal yen Khadijah dikurmati lan diajeni kalangan Quraisy. Bandha akèh ndadèkaké Khadijah tetep nindakake pakaryane bakul. Nanging, Khadijah merlokake pitulungan saka wong liya. Amarga ora bakal bisa yen dhèwèké kudu lunga nggawa barang dagangan tumuju ing tlatah Yaman ing mangsa adhem lan tlatah Syam ing mangsa panas. Kaanan mau kang anjalari Khadijah golèki wong kang bisa njaga amanah kanggo nulungi anggone dedagang utawa bakul. Wong mau bakal digaji kang trep. Kanthi modal kapinterané kang jinurung dening kawruh dhasar babagan bisnis lan makarya, Khadijah bisa milih wong-wong kang bisa dijak bisnis. Saka iku, Khadijah bisa dadi bakul kang sukses. ==Dhaup kang Kaping Telu== Khadijah dhaup karo Kanjeng Nabi Muhammad ing yuswa 40 taun. Banjur nalika yuswa 43 taun, saka bebrayanane marang Kanjeng Nabi, Khadijah nglairake putra kang sepisanan yaiku [[Qasim bin Muhammad|Qasim ibnu Muhammad]], disusul [[Zainab binti Muhammad|Zainab]], [[Ruqayyah binti Muhammad|Ruqayyah]], [[Ummu Kultsum]], [[Fatimah]], lan [[Abdullah]] (nalika umuré Khadijah 56 taun.<ref name="internet 2">[http://kini2u.com/v1/2010/03/riwayat-hidup-khadijah-binti-khuwailid/ kini2u.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127073323/http://kini2u.com/v1/2010/03/riwayat-hidup-khadijah-binti-khuwailid/ |date=2012-01-27 }}, diaksés tanggal 17 Juli 2011.</ref> == Seda == Khadijah séda nalika yuswa [[65]] taun lan wektu iku Rasulullah yuswane 50 taun. <ref name="internet 3">[http://cahayamuslimah.com/blog/suri-teladan-muslimah-biografi-istri-istri-nabi cahayamuslimah.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122204059/http://cahayamuslimah.com/blog/suri-teladan-muslimah-biografi-istri-istri-nabi |date=2011-11-22 }}, diaksés tanggal 17 Juli 2011.</ref> Suwene 13 taun nglakoni panguripan bareng Kanjeng Nabi. == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{sahabat nabi}} [[Kategori:Istri Muhammad]] [[Kategori:Garwa Muhammad]] {{Islam-bio-stub}} ocg4f1oqz9x14dg3wqvof7jigjfmjfl Kirsten Dunst 0 76857 1760172 1740255 2026-11-06T05:49:49Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox actor | name = Kirsten Dunst | image = Kirsten Dunst Cannes.jpg | imagesize = 220px | caption = Dunst nalika main ning filem [[Marie Antoinette]] nalika taun [[2006]]. | birthdate = {{birth date and age|1982|4|30}} | location = [[Point Pleasant, New Jersey|Point Pleasant]], [[New Jersey]], [[Amérikah Sarékat]] | birthname = Kirsten Caroline Dunst | yearsactive = [[1989]] | awards = '''[[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Saturn Award Ingkang maragani Muda Terbaik]]'''<br />1994 ''[[Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles|Interview with the Vampire]]'' }} '''Kirsten Caroline Dunst''' kondhang uga karo jeneng '''Kirsten Dunst''' ({{lahirmati||30|4|1982}}) ya iku aktris [[filem]] [[Amérikah Sarékat|Amérika]] kang duwé katurunan saka [[Jerman]] lan [[Swèdhen]], jeneng undhangané '''Kiki''', dhuwuré 170&nbsp;cm, Awit umur telung taunan, dhèwèké wis sok ning ngarepé kodhak.<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1"/> Mula ora heran ning umur kang esih enom dhèwèké wis dadi model iklan ning stasiun televisi, lan dadi model saka Ford Models lan Elite Model Management.<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1">[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/hollywood/k/kirsten_dunst Kirsten Dunst] dipununduh tanggal 20 Juni 2011</ref> [[Film]] pisanan kang dilakoni déning Kirsten ya iku filem kang judhulé ''OEDIPUS WRECKS'' kang diputer ning taun [[1989]].<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1"/> Film cekak mau dadi péranganing antologi NEW YORK STORIES iku kasil saka arahan déning Sutradara [[Woody Allen]].<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1"/> Jenengé wiwit kondhang nalika dhèwèké mèlu ddai juru main pandukung ning salah sijining [[filem]] kang judhulé INTERVIEW WITH THE VAMPIRE nalika taun [[1994]].<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1"/> Sataun sawisé iku, dhèwèké kapilih ddai bintang kang meranaké tokoh ning [[filem]] JUMANJI bebarengan karo [[aktor]] [[Robin Williams]] lan main ning filem 50 Most Beautiful People versi majalah People ning taun kang padha.<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1"/> Nanging, meski wis akèh filem-filem kang dibintangi dhèwèké.<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1"/> Dhèwèké kondhang amarga meranaké Mary Jane Watson ning sekuel filem SPIDER-MAN.<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1"/> Sawisé mbintangi filem-filem SPIDER-MAN season sak terusé, nganti telung sekuel, Kirsten dikabaraké bakal ngakiri perané dadi [[Mary Jane Watson]], lan bintangi filemé kang anyar ya iku HOW TO LOSE FRIENDS AND ALIENATE PEOPLE.<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1"/> Ning kauripan pribadiné Meski Sukses ning karir, Dunst tergolong ora patiya sukses babagan percintaan.<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1"/> Dunst ora tau suwé anggoné pacaran karo siji priya. Dunst tau dikabaraké kalibat gayutan asmara karo [[Jake Gyllenhaal]] lan musisi [[Johnny Borrell]].<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1"/> Dhèwèké uga tau diisukaké duwé gayutan istimewa karo lawan mainé ing filem SPIDERMAN, [[Toby McGuire]].<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1"/> Uga tau digosipaké karo [[Jeff Smeenge]], penulis skenario.<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1"/> Taun 2010, Dunst bali manèh anggawe gebrakkan ning dunya filem, dhèwèké mbintangi sawijining filem arahan [[Lars von Trier]] bertajuk MELANCHOLIA.<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1"/> Ning taun [[2010]], filem kang anggawe dhèwèké kondhang, filem Spiderman.<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 2"/> Ning sekuel kang kaping papaté, filem mau ora disutradarani [[San Raimi]], Kirsten lan Tobey kang dadi Peter Parker ning filem mau uga ora bakal ana.<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 2"/> Kirsten nyatakaké manawa, sarampungé mbintangi filem SPIDERMAN kang kaping teluné dhèwèké bakal ninggal filem mau.<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 2">[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/hollywood/k/kirsten_dunst/berita berita Kirsten Dunst] dipununduh tanggal 20 Juni 2011</ref> == Filmografi == === Film=== Film-film kang tau dibintangi Kirsten Dunst<ref name="Kirsten Dunst 1"/>: {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- ! scope="col" | Tahun ! scope="col" | Sesirah ! scope="col" | Paraga ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Cathetan ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Réferènsi |- ! scope="row"| 1989 | ''[[New York Stories]]'' | Anaké Lisa | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=AllMovie/> |- ! scope="row"| 1990 | ''{{sortname|The|Bonfire of the Vanities|The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)}}'' | Campbell McCoy | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=AllMovie/> |- ! scope="row"| 1991 | ''[[High Strung (film 1991)|High Strung]]'' | Kenya anom | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AllMovie">{{cite web |url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/kirsten-dunst-p20669/filmography |work=[[AllMovie]] |title=Kirsten Dunst Filmography|access-date=September 13, 2019}}</ref> |- ! rowspan=4 scope="row" | 1994 | ''[[Greedy (film)|Greedy]]'' | Jolene Ault | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AllMovie"/> |- | ''[[Interview with the Vampire (film)|Interview with the Vampire]]'' | Claudia | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite news |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |url=https://variety.com/1994/film/reviews/interview-with-the-vampire-1200439504/ |title=Interview with the Vampire Review |access-date=May 26, 2016 |date=November 6, 1994 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170527004554/http://variety.com/1994/film/reviews/interview-with-the-vampire-1200439504/ |archive-date=May 27, 2017}}</ref> |- | ''[[Little Women (film 1994)|Little Women]]'' | Amy March anom | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |first=Janet |last=Maslin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=950DE0D81038F932A15751C1A962958260 |title=Little Women Review |date=December 21, 1994 |work=[[The New York Times]]|author-link=Janet Maslin |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140103230101/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=950DE0D81038F932A15751C1A962958260&gwh=AB84EA9A9EF3F0EC794BFEC007099761&gwt=pay |archive-date=January 3, 2014}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Mystery Third Planet"| ''[[The Mystery of the Third Planet]]'' | Alisa Seleznyova | rowspan=2|Swara; dubbing basa Inggris | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=tvg/> |- ! rowspan=2 scope="row" | 1995 | data-sort-value="Snow Queen"| ''[[The Snow Queen (1957 film)|The Snow Queen]]'' | Gerda | style="text-align:center;" | |- | ''[[Jumanji]]'' | Judy Shepherd | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2001/01/12/jumanji_1995_review.shtml |title=BBC Films—Jumanji |last=Smith |first=Neil |date=January 12, 2001 |work=[[BBC Films]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114145307/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2001/01/12/jumanji_1995_review.shtml |archive-date=January 14, 2009}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| 1996 | ''[[Mother Night (film)|Mother Night]]'' | Young Resi Noth | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AllMovie"/> |- ! rowspan=2 scope="row" | 1997 | ''[[Anastasia (1997 film)|Anastasia]]'' | Young [[Anya (Anastasia)|Anastasia]] | Swara | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9503E0D91738F937A25752C1A961958260 |title=A Feeling We're Not in Russia Anymore |last=Holden |first=Stephen |date=November 14, 1997 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304022627/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9503E0D91738F937A25752C1A961958260 |archive-date=March 4, 2012}}</ref> |- | ''[[Wag the Dog]]'' | Tracy Lime | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9801/06/wag.dog.review/ |title='Wag the Dog' grabs satire by the tail |last=Tatara |first=Paul |date=January 6, 1998 |publisher=[[CNN|CNN: Showbiz/Movies]]|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205011300/http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9801/06/wag.dog.review/ |archive-date=February 5, 2009}}</ref> |- ! rowspan=4 scope="row" | 1998 | ''[[Kiki's Delivery Service]]'' | Kiki | Swara; dubbing basa Inggris | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117467010?refCatId=18 |title=Bevy of BV videos |last=Sandler |first=Adam |date=January 23, 1998 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106185303/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117467010?refCatId=18 |archive-date=November 6, 2012}}</ref> |- | ''[[Small Soldiers]]'' | Christy Fimple | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=AllMovie/> |- | ''[[All I Wanna Do (film 1998)|All I Wanna Do]]'' | Verena von Stefan | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AllMovie"/> |- | ''The Animated Adventures of Tom Sawyer'' | Becky Thatcher | Swara | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AllMovie"/> |- ! rowspan=4 scope="row" | 1999 | ''[[True Heart]]'' | Bonnie | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AllMovie"/> |- | ''[[Drop Dead Gorgeous (film)|Drop Dead Gorgeous]]'' | Amber Atkins | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/jul/23/drop-dead-gorgeous-20th-anniversary-dark-comedy |date=July 23, 2019 |title=Drop Dead Gorgeous at 20: how dark pageant comedy works better in 2019 |last=Nicholson |first=Rebecca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830184641/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/jul/23/drop-dead-gorgeous-20th-anniversary-dark-comedy|archive-date=August 30, 2019}}</ref> |- | ''[[The Virgin Suicides (film)|The Virgin Suicides]]'' | Lux Lisbon | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/15/the_virgin_suicides_1999_review.shtml |title=The Virgin Suicides |last=Thompson |first=Michael |work=[[BBC Online|BBC Films]]|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105034931/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/15/the_virgin_suicides_1999_review.shtml |date=December 15, 2000|archive-date=January 5, 2009}}</ref> |- | ''[[Dick (film)|Dick]]'' | Betsy Jobs | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/library/film/080499dick-film-review.html |title='Dick': That Gap in the Nixon Tapes? Maybe a Teen-Age Cry of Love |last=Holden |first=Stephen |date=August 4, 1999 |work=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620141217/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/film/080499dick-film-review.html|archive-date=June 20, 2019|author-link=Stephen Holden}}</ref> |- ! rowspan=4 scope="row" | 2000 | ''[[The Crow: Salvation]]'' | Erin Randall | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="AllMovie"/> |- | ''[[Luckytown]]'' | Lidda Doyles | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="AllMovie"/> |- | ''[[Bring It On (film)|Bring It On]]'' | Torrance Shipman | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000825/REVIEWS/8250301/1023 |title=Bring It On |last=Ebert |first=Roger|author-link=Roger Ebert |date=August 25, 2000 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523222558/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000825%2FREVIEWS%2F8250301%2F1023 |archive-date=May 23, 2010}}</ref> |- | ''[[Deeply]]'' | Silly | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="AllMovie"/> |- ! rowspan=4 scope="row" | 2001 | ''[[Get Over It (film)|Get Over It]]'' | Kelly Woods | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |first=Mick |last=LaSalle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2001/03/10/DD157146.DTL&type=movies |title='Get Over It' a Teen Flick With Wit and Energy |access-date=October 27, 2010 |date=March 10, 2001 |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210201948/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fchronicle%2Farchive%2F2001%2F03%2F10%2FDD157146.DTL&type=movies |archive-date=February 10, 2011}}</ref> |- | ''[[Crazy/Beautiful]]'' | Nicole Oakley | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AllMovie"/> |- | ''[[The Cat's Meow]]'' | [[Marion Davies]] | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117798620.html?categoryid=31&cs=1&p=0 |title=The Cat's Meow Review |date=August 5, 2001 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |first=Derek |last=Elley|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612140318/https://variety.com/2001/film/reviews/the-cat-s-meow-2-1200469588/|archive-date=June 12, 2019}}</ref> |- | ''Lover's Prayer'' | Zinaida | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AllMovie"/> |- ! scope="row"| 2002 | ''[[Spider-Man (film 2002)|Spider-Man]]'' | [[Mary Jane Watson (Sam Raimi film series)|Mary Jane Watson]] | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,234775~1~0~spider-man,00.html |title=Spider-Man—Movie Review |last=Gleiberman |first=Owen |date=May 1, 2002 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105182819/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C234775~1~0~spider-man%2C00.html |archive-date=January 5, 2009}}</ref> |- ! rowspan=3 scope="row" | 2003 | ''[[Levity (film)|Levity]]'' | Sofia Mellinger | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=FILM IN REVIEW; 'Levity' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/04/movies/film-in-review-levity.html |date=April 4, 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527225030/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/04/movies/film-in-review-levity.html|archive-date=May 27, 2015 |last=Scott |first=A. O.}}</ref> |- | ''[[Kaena: The Prophecy]]'' | Kaena | Swara; dubbing basa Inggris | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AllMovie"/> |- | ''[[Mona Lisa Smile]]'' | Betty Warren | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Chicago Reader]] |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/history-versus-her-story/Content?oid=914311 |title=History versus her story|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909145310/https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/history-versus-her-story/Content?oid=914311|archive-date=September 9, 2019 |author=Tammy, Elizabeth M. |date=January 15, 2004}}</ref> |- ! rowspan=3 scope="row" | 2004 | ''[[Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind]]'' | Mary Svevo | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article845780.ece |title=Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind |last=Christopher |first=James |date=April 29, 2004 |work=[[The Times]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615141336/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article845780.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> |- | ''[[Spider-Man 2]]'' | [[Mary Jane Watson (Sam Raimi film series)|Mary Jane Watson]] | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2004-06-28-spider-man2_x.htm |title='Spider-Man 2' is a hands-down hit |last=Clark |first=Mike |date=June 28, 2004 |work=[[USA Today]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726134406/http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2004-06-28-spider-man2_x.htm |archive-date=July 26, 2008}}</ref> |- | ''[[Wimbledon (film)|Wimbledon]]'' | Lizzie Bradbury | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2004/09/17/movies/17WIMB.html |title=Learning to Win at Love With a Center Court Rally |first=Stephen |last=Holden|author-link=Stephen Holden |date=September 17, 2004 |work=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530160835/http://movies.nytimes.com/2004/09/17/movies/17WIMB.html |archive-date=May 30, 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| 2005 | ''[[Elizabethtown (film)|Elizabethtown]]'' | Claire Colburn | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2011/10/elizabethtown-duo-kirsten-dunst-orlando-bloom-reunite-for-financial-world-drama-cities-115493/ |work=[[IndieWire]] |date=October 29, 2011 |author=Jagernauth, Kevin |title='Elizabethtown' Duo Kirsten Dunst & Orlando Bloom Reunite For Financial World Drama 'Cities'|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190915014858/https://www.indiewire.com/2011/10/elizabethtown-duo-kirsten-dunst-orlando-bloom-reunite-for-financial-world-drama-cities-115493/|archive-date=September 15, 2019}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| 2006 | ''[[Marie Antoinette (film 2006)|Marie Antoinette]]'' | [[Marie Antoinette]] | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna15292100 |title=Dunst puts fresh face on 'Marie Antoinette' |date=October 23, 2006 |agency=Associated Press |work=[[MSNBC]]|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916205912/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/15292100/ |archive-date=September 16, 2012}}</ref> |- ! rowspan=2 scope="row" | 2007 | ''Welcome'' | {{n/a|align=left}} | Short film; writer and director | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name=bell>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |url=https://ew.com/movies/2019/08/16/kirsten-dunst-not-directing-bell-jar-adaptation/ |title=Kirsten Dunst not directing 'Bell Jar' adaptation |date=August 16, 2019|access-date=September 15, 2019 |author=Nolfi, Joey}}</ref> |- | ''[[Spider-Man 3]]'' | [[Mary Jane Watson (film sérial Sam Raimi)|Mary Jane Watson]] | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |first=Marianne |last=Goldstein |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kirsten-dunst-ready-for-a-break/ |title=Kirsten Dunst Ready For A Break |date=May 3, 2007 |work=[[The Early Show]] |publisher=[[CBS News]]|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926071001/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/05/03/earlyshow/main2757604.shtml |archive-date=September 26, 2009}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| 2008 | ''[[How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film)|How to Lose Friends and Alienate People]]'' | Alison Olsen | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |work=[[MTV]] |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1595987/kirsten-dunst-simon-pegg-discuss-how-to-lose-friends-spider-man-4-villains/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190915014952/http://www.mtv.com/news/1595987/kirsten-dunst-simon-pegg-discuss-how-to-lose-friends-spider-man-4-villains/|archive-date=September 15, 2019 |title=Kirsten Dunst, Simon Pegg Discuss 'How To Lost Friends and Alienate People' |date=September 30, 2008 |last=Horowitz |first=Josh}}</ref> |- ! rowspan=3 scope="row" | 2010 | ''[[All Good Things (film)|All Good Things]]'' | Katie Marks / Katherine McCarthy | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |first=Roger |last=Ebert|author-link=Roger Ebert |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20101222/REVIEWS/101229993 |title=All Good Things |date=December 22, 2010 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104213312/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20101222%2FREVIEWS%2F101229993 |archive-date=January 4, 2011}}</ref> |- | ''[[The Second Bakery Attack#2010 short film|The Second Bakery Attack]]'' | Nat | Short film | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2010/11/first-look-kirsten-dunst-brian-geraghty-in-carlos-cuarons-the-second-bakery-attack-121584/ |work=[[IndieWire]] |title=First Look: Kirsten Dunst & Brian Geraghty In Carlos Cuaron's 'The Second Bakery Attack' |last=Dang |first=Simon |date=November 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116190210/https://www.indiewire.com/2010/11/first-look-kirsten-dunst-brian-geraghty-in-carlos-cuarons-the-second-bakery-attack-121584/|archive-date=November 16, 2017}}</ref> |- | ''Bastard'' | {{n/a|align=left}} | Short film; writer and director | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name=bell/> |- ! rowspan=3 scope="row" | 2011 | ''[[Make Some Noise (Beastie Boys song)|Fight for Your Right Revisited]]'' | Metal Chick | rowspan=2|Short film | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="fight for">{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/stars-line-up-for-beastie-boys-movie-20101215-18xww.html |title=Stars line up for Beastie Boys movie |access-date=January 13, 2011 |date=December 16, 2010 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218183430/http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/stars-line-up-for-beastie-boys-movie-20101215-18xww.html |archive-date=December 18, 2010}}</ref> |- | ''Touch of Evil'' | The Siren | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwWfLI-4tAo |title=Touch of Evil |date=December 7, 2011 |via=YouTube|access-date=September 15, 2019}}</ref> |- | ''[[Melancholia (film 2011)|Melancholia]]'' | Justine | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web |last=Loeb |first=Steven |date=October 15, 2011 |url=http://southampton.patch.com/articles/review-melancholia-one-of-2011-s-best-films |title=Review: 'Melancholia' One of 2011's Best Films |work=Southampton Patch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116060903/http://southampton.patch.com/articles/review-melancholia-one-of-2011-s-best-films |archive-date=January 16, 2012}}</ref> |- ! rowspan=3 scope="row" | 2012 | ''[[Bachelorette (film)|Bachelorette]]'' | Regan Crawford | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/story/2012-09-05/bachelorette-dunst-fisher-caplan/57614558/1 |title=Maids of Dishonor |last=Stevens |first=Dana |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=September 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105223845/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/story/2012-09-05/bachelorette-dunst-fisher-caplan/57614558/1 |archive-date=November 5, 2013}}</ref> |- | ''[[On the Road (film 2012)|On the Road]]'' | Camille Moriarty | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118019196?refCatId=13 |title=Kirsten Dunst joins Stewart 'On the Road' |first=John |last=Hopewell |author2=Keslassy, Elsa |date=May 12, 2010 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201085729/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118019196?refCatId=13 |archive-date=December 1, 2011}}</ref> |- | ''[[Upside Down (film 2012)|Upside Down]]'' | Eden Moore | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.avclub.com/upside-down-1798176103 |title=Upside Down |last=Robinson |first=Tascha |date=March 13, 2013 |work=[[The A.V. Club]]|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105223211/http://www.avclub.com/articles/upside-down%2C93696/ |archive-date=November 5, 2013}}</ref> |- ! rowspan=2 scope="row" | 2013 | ''[[The Bling Ring]]'' | Dhèwèké dhéwé | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |work=[[IndieWire]] |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2012/03/kirsten-dunst-hits-the-set-of-sofia-coppolas-the-bling-ring-252978/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190915020712/https://www.indiewire.com/2012/03/kirsten-dunst-hits-the-set-of-sofia-coppolas-the-bling-ring-252978/|archive-date=September 15, 2019 |title=Kirsten Dunst Hits the Set of Sofia Coppola's The Bling Ring |date=March 28, 2012 |last=Dang |first=Simon}}</ref> |- | ''[[Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues]]'' | El Trousias Maiden of the Clouds | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2013/12/22/ranking-the-anchorman-2-cameos/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=December 22, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019 |title=Ranking the 'Anchorman 2' cameos |author=Bahr, Lindsey}}</ref> |- ! rowspan=2 scope="row" | 2014 | data-sort-value="Two Faces January"| ''[[The Two Faces of January (film)|The Two Faces of January]]'' | Collette Macfarland | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/18/the-two-faces-of-january-review-handsomely-mounted |last=Kermode |first=Mark|author-link=Mark Kermode |date=May 18, 2014 |title=The Two Faces of January review – a handsomely mounted if slight thriller|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190915020456/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/18/the-two-faces-of-january-review-handsomely-mounted|archive-date=September 15, 2019}}</ref> |- | ''Aspirational'' | Dhèwèké dhéwé | Film cekak | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |work=[[IndieWire]] |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2014/09/watch-kirsten-dunst-experiences-selfie-culture-in-short-film-aspirational-271946/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190915031727/https://www.indiewire.com/2014/09/watch-kirsten-dunst-experiences-selfie-culture-in-short-film-aspirational-271946/|archive-date=September 15, 2019 |title=Watch: Kirsten Dunst Experiences Selfie Culture In Short Film 'Aspirational' |last=Jagernauth |first=Kevin |date=September 24, 2014}}</ref> |- ! rowspan=2 scope="row" | 2016 | ''[[Midnight Special (film)|Midnight Special]]'' | Sarah Tomlin | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |first=Owen |last=Williams |url=https://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=38439 |title=Kirsten Dunst Catches Midnight Special |date=August 13, 2013 |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106060352/http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=38439 |archive-date=January 6, 2014}}</ref> |- | ''[[Hidden Figures]]'' | Vivian Mitchell | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/hidden-figures/jim-parsons-and-kirsten-dunst-on-hidden-figures/ |title=Jim Parsons and Kirsten Dunst on racism and gender politics |last=Krizanovich |first=Karen |date=February 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423195246/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/hidden-figures/jim-parsons-and-kirsten-dunst-on-hidden-figures/|archive-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref> |- ! rowspan=2 scope="row" | 2017 | data-sort-value="Beguiled"| ''[[The Beguiled (2017 film)|The Beguiled]]'' | Edwina Dabney | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Robinson |first1=Joanna |title=Sofia Coppola Is Wrangling an Incredible Female Cast to Remake Clint Eastwood's The Beguiled |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/03/sofia-coppola-kirsten-dunst-the-beguiled-nicole-kidman-ella-fanning |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=March 30, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424030112/http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/03/sofia-coppola-kirsten-dunst-the-beguiled-nicole-kidman-ella-fanning |archive-date=April 24, 2016}}</ref> |- | ''[[Woodshock]]'' | Theresa | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cannes-rodarte-sisters-kate-laura-794294 |title=Cannes: Rodarte Sisters Kate and Laura Mulleavy Directing First Feature (Exclusive) |date=May 11, 2015 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526214105/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cannes-rodarte-sisters-kate-laura-794294 |archive-date=May 26, 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| 2021 | data-sort-value="Power of Dog"| ''[[The Power of the Dog (film)|The Power of the Dog]]'' | Rose Gordon | | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>[https://variety.com/2019/film/news/kirsten-dunst-benedict-cumberbatch-power-of-the-dog-1203363622/ Kirsten Dunst to Replace Elisabeth Moss in Benedict Cumberbatch’s ‘Power of the Dog’ (EXCLUSIVE)]</ref> |- ! scope="row"| 2024 | ''[[Civil War (film)|Civil War]]'' | Lee Smith | | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/kirsten-dunst-alex-garland-civil-war-a24-1235159910/ |title=Kirsten Dunst to Star in Alex Garland's Action Epic 'Civil War' at A24 |website=Variety |language=en |date=21 January 2022|access-date=21 January 2022}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2025 | style="background:#FFFFCC;"| ''[[Roofman (film)|Roofman]]'' {{dagger|alt=Not yet released}} | Leigh Wainscott | Pasca-prodhuksi | style="text-align:center;"| |- ! scope="row" | TBA | style="background:#FFFFCC;"| ''[[The Entertainment System Is Down]]'' {{dagger|alt=Not yet released}} | | Lagi syuting | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodfellow |first=Melanie |date=2025-01-28 |title=Ruben Östlund’s ‘The Entertainment System Is Down’ Starts Principal Photography, Reveals Further Cast |url=https://deadline.com/2025/01/ruben-ostlunds-the-entertainment-system-is-down-starts-principal-photography-budapest-1236270339/ |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Réferènsi == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dunst, Kirsten}} [[Kategori:Aktris Amérika]] [[Kategori:Lair 1982]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Wong Amérika Sarékat]] teu6pnzst5uykly2ts2gucpdd3qtc5p Fenita Arie 0 77169 1759952 1655985 2026-11-05T17:41:24Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artis indonesia | name = Fenita Jayanti | image = Fenita.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birthdate = {{birth date and age|1986|8|31}} | birthplace = {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]] | birthname = Fenita Jayanti | othername = | deathdate = | deathplace = | yearsactive = | occupation = [[aktris]], [[presenter]] | spouse = [[Arie Untung]] | partner = | children = | parents = | influences = | influenced = | website = }} '''Fenita Jayanti''' kondhang kanthi jeneng '''Fenita Arie'''.<ref name="internet1"/> Jeneng Arie ing mburi jenengé iki katambahan saka jeneng bojoné ya iku [[Arie Untung]].<ref name="internet1"/> Fenita Arie iku dikenal dadi [[modhél]], [[presenter]], lan bintang [[filem]].<ref name="internet1"/> Fenita Arie iku wong wadon kang lair nalika tanggal [[31 Agustus]] [[1986]].<ref name="internet1"/> Film kang sepisanan kang dibintangi Fenita Arie ya iku filem kang irah-irahané ''12:00 AM''.<ref name="internet1"/> Déné acara kang tau dipandhegani déning Fenita Arie kaya ta acara ''Espresso'' lan reality show ''Selebriti Jam'' kang dibabaraké ing [[antv]].<ref name="internet1"/> Saliyané iku, Fenita Arie dadi presenter program entertainment kang dibabaraké ing salah sijiné tivi swasta ya iku ''Insert''.<ref name="internet1"/> Fenita Arie nikah karo mantan VJ MTV kang saiki dadi aktor kang jenengé Arie Untung.<ref name="internet1"/> Fenita Arie lan Arie Untung nikah nalika tanggal [[5 Fèbruari]] [[2005]].<ref name="internet1"/> Saka pernikahan iki, Fenita Arie nduwé anak loro.<ref name="internet1"/> Anaké Fenita Arie jenenge Misbareta Fathir Gavin Daffa kang lair nalika tanggal [[10 November]] [[2005]] lan Misbareta Aisyah Mikhaila kang lair tanggal [[5 Maret]] [[2008]].<ref name="internet1">[http://www.infoselebindo.com/2011/01/fenita-arie-profile.html infoselebindo.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221103207/http://www.infoselebindo.com/2011/01/fenita-arie-profile.html |date=2025-02-21 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 27 Juli 2011)</ref> Sawisé Fenita kerja dadi presenter ing donyaning presenter.<ref name="internet2"/> Arie Untung kerep duwé rasa sujana, awit Fenita katon saya ayu lan akèh kang seneng.<ref name="internet2"/> Iki béda nalika sadurungé Fenita kerja ing donyaning entertainment.<ref name="internet2"/> Nalika iku kang kerep cemburu malah Fenita.<ref name="internet2"/> Fenita cemburu nalika Arie Untung lumaku lan akting karo aktris kang ayu.<ref name="internet2">[http://www.kapanlagi.com/takeover.html?http://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/fenita-cantik-arie-jadi-sering-cemburu.html kapanlagi.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 27 Juli 2011)</ref> == Filmografi == * ''12:00 am'' ([[2005]]) * ''Pengantin Cinta'' ([[2010]]) == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Aktris Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Pranata cara télévisi Indonésia]] {{stub}} luzr3rzg75re4yu0m3cukxetg7b8psx Elza Syarief 0 77281 1759935 1642314 2026-11-05T16:20:08Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{artikel ing krama}} {{Infobox_Celebrity | name = Elza Syarief, SH | image = Elza syarief.jpg | imagesize = 120px | birth_date = {{birth date|1957|7|24}} | birth_place = {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[DKI Jakarta]], [[Indonésia]] | occupation = [[Pengacara]] | partner = H. Yuswaji, SIP, MBA | children = Berlianti, Lia Alizia, Mia Vinita, Intan, Fikri Ghanie | parents = Drs. Syarief & Hj. Betty | influences = | influenced = | website = }} '''Elza Syarief''' lair ing ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]]|24|7|1957}}) punika kalebet [[pengacara]] saking [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet1"/> Elza misuwur minangka kuwasa ukum para [[selebritis]] Indonésia.<ref name="internet1"/> Elza lair ing [[Jakarta]] saking pasangan Drs. Syarief lan Hj. Betty.<ref name="internet1"/> Tiyang sepuhipun punika tiyang ingkang ngranto saking [[Sumatra Kulon]].<ref name="internet1"/> Elza punika putra nomer satunggal saking tigang sadherekipun.<ref name="internet1"/> Elza sinau ing Fakultas Hukum [[Universitas Jayabaya]], Jakarta.<ref name="internet1"/> Nalika alitipun, Elza dados laré ingkang mendelan. Ramanipun kalebet punggawa bank pamaréntah lan asring pindhah tugas.<ref name="internet1"/> Amargi punika sekolah dhasar Elza ugi asring gantos.<ref name="internet1"/> Elza naté sekolah ing [[Tegal]], [[Semarang]], [[Ambon]], lan [[Bandar Lampung]].<ref name="internet1">[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/e/elza_syarief/ ''Profil''] dipunundhuh tanggal 28 Juli 2011)</ref> == Karier == Karieripun dados pengacara dipunwiwiti nalika nggabung kaliyan Ikatan Warga Satya, inggih punika kempalanipun tilas CPM lan POM AD.<ref name="internet2"/> Elza naté karier ing kantor pengacara kagunganipun [[O.C Kaligis]].<ref name="internet2"/> Taun [[1991]] Elza mbikak kantor ukum piyambak, Elza Syarief & Partner ingkang alamatipun ing: Jl. Kramat Sentiong 38A Jakarta Pusat, email: elza_lawfirm@hotmail.com. Elza kathah nangani kasus-kasus korporat ageng, mliginipun perusahaan kagunganipun kulawarga [[Soeharto]]. Kados perusahaan ingkang dipuntangani inggih punika Mandala Permai, Citra Nasional, Timor Motor, Timor Industri Complement, Mandala Citra Unggulan, sarta Humpuss.<ref name="internet2">[http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2002/05/13/WAW/mbm.20020513.WAW119597.id.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203042727/http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2002/05/13/WAW/mbm.20020513.WAW119597.id.html |date=2008-12-03 }} dipunundhuh tanggal 28 Juli 2011)</ref> Elza naté dados pengacara [[Bambang Trihatmojo]] lan [[Siti Hardianti Rukmana]].<ref name="internet2"/> Namanipun dados misuwur amargi dados pengcaranipun [[Tommy Soeharto]] wonten ing kasus tukar guling [[Bulog]] kaliyan Goro, perusahaan kagunganipun Tommy.<ref name="internet2"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njawi == # [https://web.archive.org/web/20081203042727/http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2002/05/13/WAW/mbm.20020513.WAW119597.id.html''Publikasi Kasus Suap ing Tempo Interaktif.Com''] [[Kategori:Artikel mawa basa krama]] [[Kategori:Pengacara Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Minangkabau]] {{stub}} 31gf22t37zx2nksxrx3fjxe2livpotf Lee So-yeon 0 77518 1760234 1688892 2026-11-06T08:34:39Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=Maret 2016}} [[gambar:Lee So-yeon1.jpg|thumb|250px|Lee So-yeon]] [[gambar:Lee So-yeon2.jpg|thumb|250px|Lee So-yeon ing filem Dong Yi]] '''Lee So-yeon''' (lair [[16 April]] [[1982]], [[Seoul]]) ya iku aktris saka [[Koréa Kidul]]. == Filmografi == === Film === * [[2007]] ''Bravo My Life'' * [[2007]] ''Highway Star'' * [[2006]] ''One Shining Day'' <ref>[http://www.indiestory.com/English/html/indie_filmcontent.asp?filmIdx=644 One Shining Day] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315225452/http://www.indiestory.com/English/html/indie_filmcontent.asp?filmIdx=644 |date=2012-03-15 }} IndieStory.</ref> * [[2004]] ''Feathers in the Wind'' (from [[anthology|omnibus]] 1.3.6) * [[2004]] ''Joy of Love'' (filem cekak)<ref>[http://jo-hyun-jae.com/category/jhj-short-drama-joy-of-love/ "Joy of Love" is a joy to watch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819005058/http://jo-hyun-jae.com/category/jhj-short-drama-joy-of-love/ |date=2011-08-19 }} Wuli Jo Hyun Jae. May 18, 2009.</ref> * [[2003]] ''Untold Scandal'' === Serial televisi === * [[2011]] ''My Love By My Side'' (SBS) * [[2010]] ''[[Dong Yi]]'' (MBC) * [[2009]] ''Angel's Temptation'' (SBS) * [[2008]] ''My Life's Golden Age'' (MBC)<ref>[http://content.mbc.co.kr/english/drama/09/1710955_31154.html All About My Family] MBC Global Media.</ref> * [[2008]] ''Why Did You Come to Our House?'' (SBS)<ref>[http://global.sbs.co.kr/English/AboutSBSPro/Drama/drama.jsp?vod_id=V0000330581 Wanted Son-in-Law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721183519/http://global.sbs.co.kr/English/AboutSBSPro/Drama/drama.jsp?vod_id=V0000330581 |date=2011-07-21 }} SBS Global.</ref> * [[2006]] ''Spring Waltz'' (KBS) * [[2005]] ''Let's Get Married'' (MBC)<ref>[http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2005100751928 In New MBC Drama, A Good Wife and Mother Marries a Braggart] Dong-A Ilbo. October 7, 2005.</ref> * [[2005]] ''Super Rookie'' (MBC) * [[2005]] ''Spring Days'' (SBS) === Video musik === * [[2007]] ''Wintering'' ([[Eru]]) === Acara variety === * ''Music Bank'' MC ([[26 November]] [[2006]] - [[1 April]] [[2007]]) * ''Happy Sunday - Heroine 6'' ([[2006]]) == Pehargyan == *[[2010]] MBC Drama Awards: Excellence Award, Actress (''[[Dong Yi]]'') *[[2009]] SBS Drama Awards: New Star Award (''Angel's Temptation'') *[[2008]] MBC Drama Awards: Best New Actress (''My Life's Golden Age'') *[[2007]] [[China]] ''Golden Rooster Awards'' lan ''Hundred Flowers Awards'' Film Festival: Best Actress in a Foreign Film (''Bravo My Life'') ==Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202215845/https://www.cyworld.com/worldmk Mini-Homepage] ing ''Cyworld'' * [http://www.hancinema.net/korean_Lee_So-yeon.php Lee So-yeon] ing HanCinema * [http://www.kmdb.or.kr/eng/mm_basic.asp?person_id=00015112 Lee So-youn] ing ''Korean Movie Database'' * [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1452474/ So-yeon Lee] ing ''Internet Movie Database'' * [http://people.naté.com/people/info/so/ye/soyeonlee/ Lee So-yeon]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ing ''Nate'' [[Kategori:Aktris]] [[Kategori:Artis]] b8467fvejv5hh8nwthuuyed8z1us9gi Ferry Salim 0 77568 1759953 1717436 2026-11-05T17:43:58Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artis Indonésia | name = Ferry Salim | image = Ferry Salim.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birthdate = {{birth date and age|1967|1|8}} | birthplace = {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Palembang]], [[Indonésia]] | birthname = | othername = | deathdate = | deathplace = | yearsactive = | occupation = [[aktor]], [[modhèl]] | spouse = Merry Prakasa | partner = | children = Brandon Nicholas Salim <br /> Brenda Nabila Salim | parents = | influences = | influenced = | website = }} '''Ferry Salim''' ({{lahirmati|[[Kutha Palembang|Palembang]], [[Sumatra Kidul]]|8|1|1967}}).<ref name="internet2">[http://www.thebestmoviereview.com/movie/biography-&-profile/international-actor/25718/ferry-salim thebestmoviereview.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219041143/http://www.thebestmoviereview.com/movie/biography-%26-profile/international-actor/25718/ferry-salim |date=2025-12-19 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 31 Juli 2011)</ref> Ferry ya iku salah sijiné juru main [[filem]] lan [[sinétron]] [[Indonesia]].<ref name="internet1"/> Jenengé misuwur nalika dadi bintang filem kang judhulé [[Ca Bau Kan]].<ref name="internet1"/> Kawiwitan saka dadi [[modhèl]] nalika [[SMA]], saiki Ferry wis main ing sinétron kang cacahé punjul [[20]] lan [[filem]] kang cacahé loro ya iku (Ca Bau Kan lan Koper).<ref name="internet1"/> Sanajan wiwit SMA, Ferry wis urip cerak karo donyaning modhel nanging Ferry bisa nutugaké pendhidhikaké.<ref name="internet1"/> Ferry malah éntuk gelar sarjana ékonomi.<ref name="internet1"/> Ing akir taun [[1990]] Ferry nutugaké [[sekolah]] ing [[Amérika Sarékat]]. Sawisé bali saka Amérika Sarékat, Ferry banjur dadi modhél.<ref name="internet1"/> Nalika taun 2004 Ferry Salim dipilih [[UNICEF]] (United Nations Children's Fund) dadi dhuta nasional kanggo Indonesia.<ref name="internet1"/> Sawisé dadi dhuta UNICEF, Ferry Salim saiki sibuk karo urusan [[imunisasi]], kaséhatan [[balita]] lan mbiyantu UNICEF ing kagiyatan-kagiyatan lan panggonan kaya ta toko UNICEF (dibukak Dhésèmber 2005) kang adol warna-warna prodhuk UNICEF kaya ta [[kertas surat]], [[amplop]], piranti tulis, lan [[bonékah]].<ref name="internet1"/> Kabèh asil dodolan prodhuk iku diwenenhaké kanggo anak-anak Indonésia.<ref name="internet1"/> Ferry Salim nikah karo [[Merry Prakasa]], kenya kang wis dipacari suwéné [[10]] [[taun]].<ref name="internet1"/> Ferry nikah nalika taun [[1995]].<ref name="internet1"/> Saka pernikahané iki Ferry nduwé anak kang cacahé loro ya iku [[Brandon Nicholas Salim]] lan [[Brenda Nabila Salim]].<ref name="internet1">[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/f/ferry_salim/ selebriti.kapanlagi.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 31 Juli 2011)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Aktor Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tionghoa-Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh saka Palembang]] [[Kategori:Tokoh UNICEF]] {{stub}} pei5dkfr7fq5v60f8rwi9h95yfeazq6 John Maxwell Coetzee 0 77949 1760079 1704362 2026-11-06T00:42:40Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]] --> | name = John Maxwell Coetzee | image = J.M. Coetzee.JPG | birthdate = {{Birth date and age|1940|2|9|df=y}} | birthplace = [[Cape Town]], [[Afrika Kidul]] | occupation = Novelis, Essayist, Kritikus literatur, Linguist | nationality = [[Australia]] / [[Afrika Selatan]] | influences = [[Samuel Beckett]], [[Ford Madox Ford]], [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]], [[Daniel Defoe]], [[Franz Kafka]], [[Zbigniew Herbert]] | influenced = | awards = [[Pratélan penerima Nobel Kesusastraan|Penghargaan Nobel babagan Kesusastraan]] taun 2003 }} '''John Maxwell Coetzee''' ({{lahirmati|[[Cape Town]], [[Afrika Kidul]]|9|2|1940}}) ya iku penulis saka [[Afrika Kidul]]. Nalika tanggal [[2 Oktober]] [[2003]] dhèwèké nampa kanugrahan [[Nobel]] ana ing babagan [[Sastra]] minangkani penulis angka 4 saka bawana [[Afrika]] kang nampa kanugrahan iku.<ref name="internet1">[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/coetzee-bio.html nobelprize.org Copyright © The Nobel Foundation 2003]</ref> Dhèwèké lair ing [[Cape Town]], nalika lair jenenge John Michael Coetzee.<ref name="internet1"/><ref name="internet">{{Cite web |url=http://english.emory.edu/Bahri/Coetzee.html |title=english.emory.edu |access-date=2011-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718130313/http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Coetzee.html |archive-date=2011-07-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jhon sekolah ana ing [[Universitas Cape Town]], lan éntuk gelar ana ing babagan [[matematika]] lan [[basa Inggris]].<ref name="internet1"/><ref name="internet"/><ref name="internet2">[http://www.nndb.com/people/979/000027898/ www.nndb.com Copyright ©2011 Soylent Communications]</ref> Nalika wiwitan taun [[1960-an]] dhèwèké banjur pindah menyang [[Inggris]], kanggo makarya dadi [[programer komputer]].<ref name="internet"/> Sawisé iku dhèwèké banjur sekolah sastra ana ing [[Universitas Texas]], sawisé lulus Jhon mulang basa Inggris lan sastra ing [[Universitas Negeri New York, Buffalo]] nganti taun 1983.<ref name="internet1"/> Taun 1984 Jhon bali menyang [[Afrika Kidul]] kanggo dadi profesor [[sastra Inggris]] ana ing [[University of Cape Town]].<ref name="internet1"/><ref name="internet"/><ref name="internet2"/> Nalika pensiun ya iku taun 2002, dhèwèké banjur pindah menyang [[Adelaide]], [[Australia]]. Ana ing Australia dhèwèké banjur nampa kanugrahan nobel ana ing [[Universitas Adelaide]].<ref name="internet1"/><ref name="internet"/><ref name="internet2"/> Jhon ya iku panulis pisanan kang nampa kanugrahan ''[[Booker Prize]]'' kaping loro: ''The Life and Times of Michael K'' nalika taun 1983 lan ''Disgrace'' nalika taun 1999.<ref name="internet"/><ref name="internet2"/> Nanging dhèwèké ora duwé salah siji saka kaloron bukune kang menang kanugrahan iku.<ref name="internet1"/> Saliyané kanugraha [[Bebungah Nobel]] lan [[Booker Prize]], Jhon uga tau nampa kanugrahan kang liyané.<ref name="internet1"/> == Bibliografi == * ''[[Dusklands]]'' ([[1974]]) ISBN 0-14-024177-9 * ''[[In the Heart of the Country]]'' ([[1977]]) ISBN 0-14-006228-9 * ''[[Waiting for the Barbarians]]'' ([[1980]]) ISBN 0-14-006110-X * ''[[The Life and Times of Michael K]]'' ([[1983]]) ISBN 0-14-007448-1 * ''[[Foe]]'' ([[1986]]) ISBN 0-14-009623-X. * ''[[Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life]]'' ([[1998]]) ISBN 0-14-026566-X. * ''[[Age of Iron]]'' ([[1990]]) ISBN 0-14-027565-7 * ''[[The Master of Petersburg]]'' ([[1994]]). * ''[[Giving Offense: Essays on Censorship]]'' ([[1997]]) ISBN 0-226-11176-8 * ''[[Disgrace]]'' ([[1999]]) ISBN 0-09-928952-0. * ''[[Youth]]'' ([[2002]]) ISBN 0-670-03102-X. * ''Stranger Shores: Literary Essays, [[1986]]-[[1999]]'' (September [[2002]]) ISBN 0-14-200137-6 * ''[[Elizabeth Costello]]'' ([[2003]]) ISBN 0-670-03130-5. == Pranala njawi == * ''Landscape with Rowers: Poetry from the Netherlands'', Princeton University Press, ([[2004]]) ISBN 0-691-11736-5. == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Vegetarian]] [[Kategori:Lair 1940]] {{stub}} nfz4v4zmz6f63q5lrngshf6yhtg8x3v Jasu 0 77955 1760064 1643674 2026-11-05T23:59:47Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760064 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Hyungbae1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Sulaman lencana (Hyungbae)]] '''Jasu''' utawa '''Sulaman Koréa''' (자수;刺繡) ya iku jinis [[kerajinan]] [[sulaman]] kang asalé saka [[Koréa]].<ref name="jasu">[http://www.koreanculture.org/06about_korea/symbols/17jasu.htm Jasu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213095709/http://www.koreanculture.org/06about_korea/symbols/17jasu.htm |date=2010-02-13 }}, ''koreanculture''. Diundhuh tanggal 29 Mèi 2010.</ref> Teknik gawé jasu (jasujang) dekenalake saka [[Cina]] tekan Koréa ing mangsa [[Dinasti Goryeo]] lan ngrembaka ing [[masarakat]] [[Koréa]].<ref name="jasu"/> [[Wong Koréa]] ngrembakake jasu kanggo ndekorasi bahan tekstil lan asil kerajinan tangan iki nuduhake lingkungan panguripan lan tradisine wong-wong mau.<ref name="jasu"/> Ing mangsa [[Dinasti Goryeo]], kerajinan jasu ngrembaka banget lan dibédakaké dadi pirang-pirang jinis, ing antrane ya iku ''boksik jasu'', ''giyong jasu'', ''gamsang jasu'', lan jasu kang ana gegayutane karo [[agama Buda]].<ref name="jasu"/> ''Boksik jasu'' ya iku jasu kang disulam kanggo rerenggan [[sandhangan]] lan diselarasake karo [[status]] lan [[kalungguhan]].<ref name="jasu"/> Jinis sulaman iki mung dugunakake déning wong-wong ing [[pura]].<ref name="jasu"/> ''Giyong jasu'' ya iku jinis sulaman kang disulam ing pirang-pirang jinis perabotan ing pura raja.<ref name="jasu"/> ''Gamsang jasu'' ya iku jinis sulaman kang digunakaké minangka karya seni kang artistik kaya ta sulaman ing sekat gebyog ing kamar lan ruangan omah.<ref name="jasu"/> ''Jasu Buda'' ya iku sulaman kang gegayutan karo [[agama Buda]].<ref name="jasu"/> == Pameran ing Indonesia == Pameran sulaman Koréa kang wiwitan digelar ing [[Jakarta]] ing wulan Oktober 2009 ing [[Museum Nasional Republik Indonesia|Museum Nasional]].<ref name="han">[http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?article_class=5&no=385721&rel_no=1 Preserving Cultural Heritage through Korean Embroidery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308135907/http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?article_class=5&no=385721&rel_no=1 |date=2012-03-08 }}, ''ohmynews''. Diundhuh tanggal 29 Mèi 2010.</ref> Pameran mau ditekani déning sawijining ahli sulaman tradhisional kang jenenge [[Han Sang-soo]].<ref name="han"/> Han Sang-soo dikenal minangka tokoh kang dianugerahi gelar aset nasional urip nomer 80 déning [[pamaréntah]] [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="han"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Seni ing Koréa]] [[Kategori:Bordir]] {{seni-stub}} 2qjsdu5f9l7as00z1xa5e1gpxd0s5q8 Lee Kuan Yew 0 78563 1760231 1696415 2026-11-06T08:33:43Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_PM |name = Lee Kuan Yew |image = Lee Kuan Yew.jpg |office = [[Mantri Mentor]] |term_start = 12 Agustus 2004 |term_end = 14 Mèi 2011 |president = [[Sellapan Ramanathan|S. R. Nathan]] |primeminister = [[Lee Hsien Loong]] |deputy = |predecessor = '''''Boten wonten, Jabatan ènggal''''' |successor = |office2 = [[Mantri Senior]] |term_start2 = 28 November 1990 |term_end2 = 12 Agustus 2004 |president2 = [[Wee Kim Wee]]<br />[[Ong Teng Cheong]]<br />[[Sellapan Ramanathan|S. R. Nathan]] |primeminister2= [[Goh Chok Tong]] |predecessor2 = [[S. Rajaratnam]] |successor2 = [[Goh Chok Tong]] |office3 = Mahamantri Singapura |order3 = 1 |term_start3 = [[3 Juni]] [[1959]] |term_end3 = [[28 November]] [[1990]] |president3 = [[Yusof bin Ishak]]<br />[[Benjamin Henry Sheares]]<br />[[Devan Nair|C. V. Devan Nair]]<br />[[Wee Kim Wee]] |deputy3 = [[Toh Chin Chye]] (1959-1968)<br />[[Goh Keng Swee]] (1968-1985)<br />[[Goh Chok Tong]] (1985-1990)<br />[[S. Rajaratnam]] (1980-1985)<br />[[Ong Teng Cheong]] (1985-1993) |predecessor3 = '''''Boten wonten, Jabatan ènggal''''' |successor3 = [[Goh Chok Tong]] |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1923|9|16|df=yes}} |birth_place = [[Singapura]] |party = [[Parté Aksi Rakyat|PAP]] |job = [[Ekonom]] |spouse = [[Kwa Geok Choo]] }} '''Lee Kuan Yew''' (miyos ing [[Singapura]], [[16 September]] [[1923]]) inggih punika tilas [[Mahamantri]] [[Singapura]] wekdal taun [[1959]]-[[1990]].<ref name="internet1"/> Sadangunipun dados pangarsanipun nagari kasebat ingkang dangunipun ngantos tigang dasawarsa, Singapura saged ngrembaka saking nagari golongan Donya Katiga dados salah satunggalipun nagari majeng ing [[donya]], kamangka nagari kasebat gadhah sakedhik padunungipun lan ugi sumber daya alam ingkang sakedhik.<ref name="internet1">[http://www.tokohindonesia.com/aneka/tokohdunia/lee-kuan-yew] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916171637/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/aneka/tokohdunia/lee-kuan-yew |date=2024-09-16 }} dipunundhuh tanggal 1 Agustus 2011)</ref> Lee asring ngendikan, bilih satunggalipun sumber daya alam Singapura inggih namung padunungipun lan sengkut anggénipun nyambut damel.<ref name="buku1"/> Panjenenganipun dipunurmati kang ndunungi Singapura.<ref name="buku1"/> Lee dipunakeni minangka [[arsitek]] kamakmuran Singapura ing wekdal samangke, sasanesipun ugi wonten pambiyantunipun Wakil Mahamantri [[Goh Keng Swee]] ingkang ahli [[ékonomi]].<ref name="buku1"/> == Pendhidhikan == Lee Kuan Yew sekolah ing SD [[Telok Kurau]], [[Raffles Institution]], lan [[Raffles Colloge]].<ref name="buku1"/> Kuliahipun naté kandheg amargi wonten [[Perang Donya II]] lan panjajahan [[Jepang]] ing [[Singapura]] ing taun [[1942]]-[[1945]].<ref name="buku1"/> Nalika wekdal samanten, panjenenganipun sadena [[stikfas]], satunggalipun [[lem]] ingkang kadamel saking [[glepung]]an.<ref name="buku1"/> Lee remén maos lan wasis ing bab [[basa]].<ref name="buku1"/> Lee ugi tumbas [[buku|buku-buku]] mirah lan rémen ngentosi duginipun [[kapal]] ingkang mbekta [[kalawarti]] [[basa Inggris|abasa Inggris]].<ref name="buku1"/> Sasampunipun perang pungkasan, Lee mendhet jurusan [[hukum]] ing [[Fitzwilliam College]], [[Inggris]].<ref name="buku1"/> Panjenenganipun kondur dhateng Singapura ing taun [[1949]] lan nyambut damel dados [[pengacara]] ing biro Laycock lan Ong.<ref name="buku1"/> Ing taun [[1954]], kaliyan golongan rekan kelas manengah ingkang naté sekolah ing Inggris damel Parte Aksi Rakyat (PAP) kanggé damel nagari Singapura ingkang mardika saéngga kolonialisme [[Inggris]] saged ical.<ref name="buku1">[Supriyanto. 2008. Teknologi Informasi & Komunikasi. Jakarta:Yudhistira; kaca 42]</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * [http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990823/lee1.html Biografi ''TIMEAsia''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040815041902/http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990823/lee1.html |date=2004-08-15 }} [[Kategori:Artikel mawa basa krama]] [[Kategori:Lair 1923]] {{stub}} bruurblcf48g3zjwa6dn7c4jfasvda5 Shaun the Sheep 0 78868 1760202 1670124 2026-11-06T07:21:34Z Stephan1000000 40126 num_series = 7 | num_episodes = 170 1760202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | show_name = Shaun the Sheep | image = [[File:Wiesbaden Stadtfest 2013 Shaun das Schaf.JPG|250px]] | caption = ''Cosplay'' karakter Shaun | genre = Serial animasi komedi kanggo anak-anak | creator = [[Nick Park]] | developer = [[Richard Goleszowski]]<br />[[Alison Snowden]]<br />[[David Fine]] | director = [[Richard Goleszowski]]<br />[[Christopher Sadler]] | starring = | voices = [[John Sparkes]]<br />[[Justin Fletcher]]<br />[[Kate Harbour]]<br />Richard Webber<br />Jo Allen | narrated = | theme_music_composer = Mark Thomas | opentheme = "Life's a Treat", performed by [[Vic Reeves]] | endtheme = | country = United Kingdom | language = English | num_series = 7 | num_episodes = 170 | list_episodes = List of Shaun the Sheep episodes | producer = Julie Lockhart, Gareth Owen | executive_producer = Miles Bullough<br />[[David Sproxton]]<br />[[Peter Lord]]<br />[[Nick Park]]<br />[[Peter Curtis]] | company = [[Aardman Animations]]<br />[[HiT Entertainment]] | location = | camera = | runtime = 7 menit | network = [[CBBC]] | picture_format = [[PAL]] ([[576i]]) <small>(2007)</small><br />[[HDTV]] ([[1080i]]) <small>(2009–present)</small> | audio_format = [[Stereo]] | first_run = | first_aired = {{Start date|2007|3|5}} | last_aired = saiki <!--{{End date|2010|12|17}}--> | preceded_by = | followed_by = | status = Hiatus | related = ''[[A Close Shave]]''<br />''[[Timmy Time]]'' | website = http://www.shaunthesheep.com }} '''Shaun the Sheep'''<ref name="shaun">{{en icon}}[http://www.shaunthesheep.com/ www.shaunthesheep.com] Situs resmi (kaundhuh tanggal 18 Agustus 2011)</ref> iku animasi gaweyane nagara [[Inggris]].<ref name="the"/> Shaun the Sheep wiwit dibabarake ing sasi [[Maret]] [[2007]] déning CBBC ing Inggris.<ref name="the"/> Shaun the Sheep nyritakake domba-domba cerdas kang tumindake kaya manungsa, asring tumindak konyol, lucu, lan kreatif.<ref name="the"/> Shaun the Sheep nggabungake slapstik lan ''classic silent comedy'', ora ana omonge antarané karakter siji menyang liyané karakter, arep padha karo filem [[Mr.Bean]].<ref name="the">{{en icon}}[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0983983/ imdb.com] Shaun The Sheep (kaundhuh tanggal 18 Agustus 2011)</ref> == Ingkang maragani == Paraga kang ana ing filem Shaun The Sheep ya iku:<ref name="sheep">{{id icon}}[http://mas-tony.com/2011/04/shaun-the-sheep-di-tv.html mas-tony.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817040829/http://mas-tony.com/2011/04/shaun-the-sheep-di-tv.html |date=2011-08-17 }} Shaun The Sheep di TV (kaundhuh tanggal 18 Agustus 2011)</ref> * Shaun: pandheganing gerombolan wedhus, iku dadi karakter utama. Dhèwèké pinter, keren mesthi duwé ide-ide kang kreatif, béda karo wedhus-wedhus liyané kang kadhang-kadhang oon. * Shirley: wedhus kang ukurane gedhé dhéwé, asring didadèkaké piranti déning kanca-kancane yèn mbutuheke barang kanggo ngentèkaké [[panganan]] utawa barang-barang liyané. * Timmy: wedhus paling nom amarga isih bayi, seneng nglakoni prakara kaya déné bayi, main hajar, kadhang uncal-uncalan kana-kéné. Untung ana ibune kang njaga trus. * Bitzer: kanca cedhaké Shaun, iku [[asu]] kang njaga perternakan. Bitzer mesthi ngupayakake kang paling apik kanggo njaga kanca-kancane, wedhus-wedhus kang nakal, supaya ora kangelan. Asu iki uga kurang cerdas yèn dibandhingake karo shaun. * The Farmer, wong tani kang duwé peternakan kanthi direwangi Bitzer. * Pidsley: Mungsuhe Shaun, péngin banget dadi panrima tunggal perhatiane Petani. Dia sujana banget gegayutane Bitzer karo wong tani, dhèwèké uga ora seneng wedhus. Dhèwèké mikir yèn wedhus iku bodo. * The pigs: Telung [[babi]] lemu kang sabendinane mungsuhi Shaun lan kanca-kancane supaya uripé kangelan. Nanging misine iku gagal trus. == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Filem]] [[Kategori:Kartun]] [[Kategori:Komedi]] {{filem-stub}} ga3855jadt4d0yopty950sk0z9cwg2j 1760203 1760202 2026-11-06T07:22:48Z Stephan1000000 40126 190 1760203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | show_name = Shaun the Sheep | image = [[File:Wiesbaden Stadtfest 2013 Shaun das Schaf.JPG|250px]] | caption = ''Cosplay'' karakter Shaun | genre = Serial animasi komedi kanggo anak-anak | creator = [[Nick Park]] | developer = [[Richard Goleszowski]]<br />[[Alison Snowden]]<br />[[David Fine]] | director = [[Richard Goleszowski]]<br />[[Christopher Sadler]] | starring = | voices = [[John Sparkes]]<br />[[Justin Fletcher]]<br />[[Kate Harbour]]<br />Richard Webber<br />Jo Allen | narrated = | theme_music_composer = Mark Thomas | opentheme = "Life's a Treat", performed by [[Vic Reeves]] | endtheme = | country = United Kingdom | language = English | num_series = 7 | num_episodes = 190 | list_episodes = List of Shaun the Sheep episodes | producer = Julie Lockhart, Gareth Owen | executive_producer = Miles Bullough<br />[[David Sproxton]]<br />[[Peter Lord]]<br />[[Nick Park]]<br />[[Peter Curtis]] | company = [[Aardman Animations]]<br />[[HiT Entertainment]] | location = | camera = | runtime = 7 menit | network = [[CBBC]] | picture_format = [[PAL]] ([[576i]]) <small>(2007)</small><br />[[HDTV]] ([[1080i]]) <small>(2009–present)</small> | audio_format = [[Stereo]] | first_run = | first_aired = {{Start date|2007|3|5}} | last_aired = saiki <!--{{End date|2010|12|17}}--> | preceded_by = | followed_by = | status = Hiatus | related = ''[[A Close Shave]]''<br />''[[Timmy Time]]'' | website = http://www.shaunthesheep.com }} '''Shaun the Sheep'''<ref name="shaun">{{en icon}}[http://www.shaunthesheep.com/ www.shaunthesheep.com] Situs resmi (kaundhuh tanggal 18 Agustus 2011)</ref> iku animasi gaweyane nagara [[Inggris]].<ref name="the"/> Shaun the Sheep wiwit dibabarake ing sasi [[Maret]] [[2007]] déning CBBC ing Inggris.<ref name="the"/> Shaun the Sheep nyritakake domba-domba cerdas kang tumindake kaya manungsa, asring tumindak konyol, lucu, lan kreatif.<ref name="the"/> Shaun the Sheep nggabungake slapstik lan ''classic silent comedy'', ora ana omonge antarané karakter siji menyang liyané karakter, arep padha karo filem [[Mr.Bean]].<ref name="the">{{en icon}}[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0983983/ imdb.com] Shaun The Sheep (kaundhuh tanggal 18 Agustus 2011)</ref> == Ingkang maragani == Paraga kang ana ing filem Shaun The Sheep ya iku:<ref name="sheep">{{id icon}}[http://mas-tony.com/2011/04/shaun-the-sheep-di-tv.html mas-tony.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817040829/http://mas-tony.com/2011/04/shaun-the-sheep-di-tv.html |date=2011-08-17 }} Shaun The Sheep di TV (kaundhuh tanggal 18 Agustus 2011)</ref> * Shaun: pandheganing gerombolan wedhus, iku dadi karakter utama. Dhèwèké pinter, keren mesthi duwé ide-ide kang kreatif, béda karo wedhus-wedhus liyané kang kadhang-kadhang oon. * Shirley: wedhus kang ukurane gedhé dhéwé, asring didadèkaké piranti déning kanca-kancane yèn mbutuheke barang kanggo ngentèkaké [[panganan]] utawa barang-barang liyané. * Timmy: wedhus paling nom amarga isih bayi, seneng nglakoni prakara kaya déné bayi, main hajar, kadhang uncal-uncalan kana-kéné. Untung ana ibune kang njaga trus. * Bitzer: kanca cedhaké Shaun, iku [[asu]] kang njaga perternakan. Bitzer mesthi ngupayakake kang paling apik kanggo njaga kanca-kancane, wedhus-wedhus kang nakal, supaya ora kangelan. Asu iki uga kurang cerdas yèn dibandhingake karo shaun. * The Farmer, wong tani kang duwé peternakan kanthi direwangi Bitzer. * Pidsley: Mungsuhe Shaun, péngin banget dadi panrima tunggal perhatiane Petani. Dia sujana banget gegayutane Bitzer karo wong tani, dhèwèké uga ora seneng wedhus. Dhèwèké mikir yèn wedhus iku bodo. * The pigs: Telung [[babi]] lemu kang sabendinane mungsuhi Shaun lan kanca-kancane supaya uripé kangelan. Nanging misine iku gagal trus. == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Filem]] [[Kategori:Kartun]] [[Kategori:Komedi]] {{filem-stub}} p2cqkwrnnfkafp02cr52y9fqa1fwnr4 Lasagna 0 78965 1760227 1744316 2026-11-06T08:25:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760227 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Lasagna NIH.jpg|jmpl|250px|Lasagne verdi ing sadhuwuring [[piring]]]] {{commons|Lasagna}} '''Lasagna'''<ref name="a">{{id icon}}[http://resepmasakanindonesia.idcc.info/resep-lasagna-1.htm resepmasakanindonesia.idcc.info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830070134/http://resepmasakanindonesia.idcc.info/resep-lasagna-1.htm |date=2011-08-30 }} Resep Lasagna (1) (kaundhuh tanggal 20 Agustus 2011)</ref><ref name="sa">{{id icon}}[http://www.femina.co.id/kuliner/kuliner_detail.asp?id=210&cid=3&views=417 femina.co.id] {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Lasagna (kaundhuh tanggal 20 Agustus 2011)</ref> utawa '''Lasagne''' iku jinis pasta kang dimasak kanthi cara dipanggang sajeroning oven lan dadi [[panganan]] tradhisional ing [[Italia]].<ref name="la">{{id icon}}[http://inforesep.com/resep-lasagna.html inforesep.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825225011/http://inforesep.com/resep-lasagna.html |date=2011-08-25 }} Resep Lasagna (kaundhuh tanggal 20 Agustus 2011)</ref> Lasagna miturut barès ya iku lasagne kang isiné daging. Lasagna bisa diisi karo isi liyané kang akèh, kaya ta daging, jejanganan, daging [[pitik]], panganan saka [[sagara]] lsp. miturut selerane dhéwé-dhéwé. [[Kulit]] lasagna kagawé saka adonan tepung terigu kang wis diwènèhi isi, banjur dipanggang nganti tekan mateng. Lasagna asring disajèkaké sajeroning balok lapisan [[keju]], [[saus]], lan ug asring diwènèhi tambahan bahan-bahan, kaya saus, daging, utawa janganan. Khas masakan punjer Italia, variasi regional kang ana. Ing pirang-pirang laladan, apa manèh ing laladan sakidule Italia, saus kang dienggo ketoke [[saus tomat]] prasaja dan Ragu, déné ing panggonan liyané, apa manèh ing Italia pérangan lor, diwènèhi [[saus Bechamel]] kang akèh banget. Lasagna wis dadi panganan kang misuwur ing sakupenging donya, lelampahan saka [[Éropah]] menyang [[Amérika]]. Sajarah pesthine babagan pasta lan kepriyé carané lasagna digawé wis ilang dadi legenda purbakala. Mung bisa dinyana-nyana pasta tinemu déning masarakat Mediterania sawisé dhèwèké nemu tèhnik nggiling [[gandum]] dadi tepung. Pirang-pirang sejarawan duwé pamikiran yèn jeneng lasagna asalé saka basa [[Yunani]], ''lasanon'' kang tegesé wadhah sajeroning kamar. Wong [[Romawi]] njupuk tembung iku kanggo hidangan kang disajekake ing wadhah. Dadi, Lasagna iku tegesé panganan kang disajekake wadhah kang jenenge lasanum.<ref name="na">{{id icon}}[http://ahmadsyarifhidayat.com/?p=236 ahmadsyarifhidayat.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123140327/http://ahmadsyarifhidayat.com/?p=236 |date=2012-01-23 }} Lasagna (kaundhuh tanggal 20 Agustus 2011)</ref> == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Panganan]] [[Kategori:Pasta]] [[Kategori:Olah-olahan]] [[Kategori:Tradisional]] [[Kategori:Budaya]] [[Kategori:Itali]] {{panganan-stub}} lbz6pd1r5ct4smhfg572z923capdia3 Julius Axelrod 0 79280 1760083 1729531 2026-11-06T00:56:46Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |name = Julius Axelrod |image =Axelrod01.jpg |image_size =150px |caption = Julius Axelrod won a Nobel Prize in 1970 |birth_date = {{birth date|1912|5|30}} |birth_place = New York City |death_date = {{death date and age|2004|12|29|1912|5|30}} |death_place = [[Bethesda, Maryland]] |residence = [[Bethesda, Maryland]] |citizenship = |nationality = American |ethnicity = |field = [[Biochemistry]] |work_institutions = [[National Institutes of Health]] |alma_mater = [[City College of New York]], [[George Washington University Medical School]] |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |academic_adivsor = [[Bernard Brodie (biochemist)|Bernard Brodie]] |known_for = [[Catecholamine]] metabolism |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1970 |religion = [[Atheist]] |footnotes = |signature = }} [[Gambar:Axelrod.jpg|thumb|250 px|Julius Axelrod]] '''Julius Axelrod''' urip nalika [[taun]] ([[1912]]-[[2004]]).<ref name="internet1"/> Julius Axelrod iku salah sijiné [[farmakolog]] lan [[ahli saraf]] [[Amérika Sarékat]] kang tau éntuk [[Penghargaan Nobel sajeroning Fisiologi utawa Kedhokteran]] nalika taun [[1970]].<ref name="internet1"/>[[Nobel]] iki amarga panemuané ing aksi [[neurotransmiter]] sajeroning ngatur metabolisme [[sistem saraf]].<ref name="internet1">[http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2006-A-Ec/Axelrod-Julius.html notablebiographies.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 26 Agustus 2011)</ref> Julius Axelrod iku anak saka pasangan [[Isadore Axelrod]] salah sijiné tukang nggawe [[kranjang]], lan [[Molly Liechtling Axelrod]].<ref name="internet1"/> Nalika taun [[1929]] Julius Axelrod lumebu ing [[Universitas New York]] ([[NYU]]). Sawisé iku, nalika taun [[1930]] Julius Axelrod banjur pindah ing [[City College of New York]] ([[CCNY]]).<ref name="internet1"/> Ing Universitas iki, Julius Axelrod sinau babagan [[sajarah]], [[filsafat]], [[sastra]], lan [[biologi]].<ref name="internet1"/> Julius Axelrod lulus kanthi gelar [[S.Si.]] ing babagan biologi saka CCNY.<ref name="internet1"/> Julius Axelrod banjur dadi asisten [[laboratorium]] ing [[Harriman Laboratory]].<ref name="internet1"/> Julius Axelrod kerja ing pérangan [[Bakteriologi]], Fakultas Kedhokteran [[New York University]].<ref name="internet1"/> Julius Axelrod dadi [[kimiawan]] inf [[Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene]], New York City Department of Health nalika taun [[1935]] nganti [[1946]].<ref name="internet1"/> Nalika taun [[1938]] Julius Axelrod nikah karo wong wadon kang jenengé [[Sally Taub]].<ref name="internet1"/> Saka pernikahané iki, Julius Axelrod nduwé anak kang cacahé loro.<ref name="internet1"/> Nalika taun [[1941]], Julius Axelrod nampa gelar [[M.Sc.]] ing babagan [[kimia]] saka [[NYU]].<ref name="internet1"/> Gelar iki ditampa sawisé Julius Axelrod nglakoni pendhidhikan [[pascasarjana]].<ref name="internet1"/> Sawisé iku Julius Axelrod banjur dadi kolega peneliti karo [[Bernard B. Brodie]] ing [[Goldwater Memorial Hospital]] kang manggon ing [[Welfare Island, New York]].<ref name="internet1"/> Julius Axelrod banjur pindhah ing [[National Heart Institute]] ([[NHI]]), [[National Institutes of Health]] lan terus kerja karo Brodie nganti taun [[1954]].<ref name="internet1"/> Nanging taun [[2004]], Julius Axelrod mati ing omahé kang manggon ing [[Rockville, Maryland]].<ref name="internet2">[http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/bowman/BioAxel.htm history.nih.gov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827101843/http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/bowman/BioAxel.htm |date=2011-08-27 }}(dipunudhuh tanggal 26 Agustus 2011)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{Penghargaan Nobel ing Fisiologi utawi Kadhokteran}} [[Kategori:Pemenang Bebungah Nobel ing babagan fisiologi utawa kadhokteran|Axelrod]] [[Kategori:Ahli saraf Amérika Sarékat|Axelrod]] [[Kategori:Ilmuwan Yahudi|Axelrod]] [[Kategori:Lair 1912]] {{stub}} fqrwi1qxglapgtplbhvno2rb3z4eh8u Kaisar Jiaqing 0 80198 1760122 1656853 2026-11-06T03:32:50Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760122 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:清 佚名 《清仁宗嘉庆皇帝朝服像》.jpg|thumb|250px|Kaisar Jiaqing]] '''Kaisar Jiaqing''' (Hanzi: 嘉庆, 13 Novèmber 1760-2 September 1820) iku kaisar Manchu ka-6 lan kaisar [[Dinasti Qing]], Tiongkok ka-5 saka suku Manchu kang kuwasa saka taun [[1796]] nganti [[1820]]. Nalika papréntahan Dinasti Qing wiwit mundur amarga papréntahane [[korupsi]] lan ana bangsa kulon kang ngrusuhi Tiongkok.<ref name="asd">[http://www.bluefame.com/index.php?showtopic=35436 www.bluefame.com]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Nalika taun 1795 [[Kaisar Qianlong]] mudun saka kekausaran, banjur Kaisar Jiaqing dadi raja.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kaskus.us/showpost.php?p=443461131&postcount=14 |title=Qing Dynasty |access-date=2011-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130155334/http://www.kaskus.us/showpost.php?p=443461131&postcount=14 |archive-date=2024-11-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jiaqing lair ing pura Yuanming Yuan (圆明园), [[Beijing]] kanthi jeneng '''Aisin Gioro Yongyan''' (爱新觉罗永琰). Dhèwèké iku anak nomer 15 saka [[Kaisar Qianlong]] karo bojo selir ètnis Han, anak saka pejabat [[Wei Qingtai]]. Sawisé lumebu ing pura buri, dhèwèké ganti jeneng dadi '''Weigiya''', salah siji marga saka Manchu, kanthi gelar Selir Ling (令贵妃). Yongyan olèh gelar putra mahkotane nalika taun [[1773]]. Nalika taun [[1789]] dhèwèké dianugrahi gelar [[Pangeran Jia]].<ref name="asd"/> Yongyan ora seneng karo Heshen, amarga wong tuwané seneng korupsi. Dhèwèké banjur duwé sumpah, arep matèni Heshen en wis dadi kaisar. [[Oktober]] [[1795]], Kaisar Qianlong, kang mimpin wis 60 taun, mundur saka kamaharajan amarga umuré wis 80 taun lan kango ngurmati mbahe, [[Kaisar Kangxi]]. Qianlong ora gelem ngluwehi Kangxi angone jabat dadi kaisar, Kiangxi anggoné jabat dadi kaisar suwéné 61 taun. Sanajan Yongyan dadi kaisar, nanging Qianlong tetep mimpin papréntahan. Kedadean iki katekan nganti taun [[1799]], nalika Qianlong mati. Sawisé dadi kaisar, Yongyan ngganti karakter kang pisanan saka jenenge '''永 '''dadi '''颙 ''' kang ejaane padha, Yong. == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Kaisar Tiongkok]] [[Kategori:Sajarah]] {{Stub}} nmyy985wwcf13hi16eo78jzx4kcqmgi Bursa èfèk London 0 80437 1759886 1265597 2026-11-05T11:59:19Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759886 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Paternoster Square.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Paternoster Square. LSE dumunung ing yasan sing nyakup amèh kabèh pérangan tengen foto iki.]] '''Bursa Saham London''' ([[basa Inggris]]: '''''London Stock Exchange''''', '''LSE''') iku sawijining [[bursa saham]] sing dumunung ing [[London]]. Diadegaké taun [[1801]], bursa iki minangka salah siji bursa saham gedhé dhéwé ing donya, kanthi akèh sing nyathetaké saham saka jaban rangkah lan uga parusahan Britania Raya. Ing sasi Juli [[2004]] Bursa Saham London pindhah saka [[Threadneedle Street]] menyang [[Paternoster Square]], cedhak karo [[Katedral St. Paul]], lan isih sajeroning kawasan "Square Mile" (sebutan tumrap wewengkon ''[[City of London]]''). Resmi dibuka déning Ratu Elizabeth II ing tanggal [[27 Juli]] [[2004]]. [[FTSE 100 Index|FTSE]] minangka indeks sing nglacak performa saka pasar London. [[Saham]] sing didagangaké ing LSE nganggo simbul saham ''LSE''. == Tingkat == * Parusahan kaddaptar 249 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20081013063357/http://www.londonstockexchange.com/en-gb/pricesnews/statistics/listcompanies/]) == Uga delengen == * ''[[Market maker]]'' * [[Pratélan bursa èfèk]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.londonstockexchange.com/ London Stock Exchange] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4136827.stm Euronext and Deutsche Boerse head to head in bidding over LSE] [[Kategori:Bursa saham ing Éropah|London]] gtq7mvwo1cs72inokb67qkpyfhlutv8 Kaisar Jingtai 0 80442 1760123 1696738 2026-11-06T03:32:56Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760123 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:kaisarj.jpg|205px|right|thumb]] '''Kaisar Jingtai''' ([[Hanzi]]: 景泰, [[1428]]-[[1457]]) ya iku kaisar kaping 7 saka [[Dinasti Ming]] kang mrentah [[Tiongkok]] nalika taun [[1449]] nganti tekan taun 1457.<ref name="agus">{{Cite web |url=http://id.straightworldbank.com/wiki/Kaisar_Jingtai |title=id.straightworldbank.com |access-date=2011-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528165110/http://id.straightworldbank.com/wiki/Kaisar_Jingtai |archive-date=2025-05-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jeneng asliné ya iku '''Zhu Qiyu''' (朱祁钰).<ref name="agus"/> Dhèwèké putra saka [[Kaisar Xuande]] lan adhi kuwalon saka [[Kaisar Zhengtong]].<ref name="agus"/> Taun 1449, amarga anané kadadéan [[Insiden Tumubao]], ya iku nalika kakange, Kaisar Zhengtong, kalah perang lan dadi tawanane [[Esen Khan]] saka [[Mongol]], saka pamrayoga saka para mantri ibusuri banjur ngangkat dhèwèké dadi kaisar kanggo ngisi kakuwasaan kang kosong.<ref name="agus"/> Nalika sasi September ana ing taun kang padha dhèwèké njenengi rezime Jingtai.<ref name="finna">{{Cite web |url=http://www.kaskus.us/showpost.php?p=443460779&postcount=13 |title=www.kaskus.us |access-date=2011-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130144922/http://www.kaskus.us/showpost.php?p=443460779&postcount=13 |archive-date=2024-11-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sawisé bertahta dhèwèké duwé pangkat [[Yu Qian]].<ref name="finna"/> Yu nguwati angkatan perang Ming kanggo ngadepi prajurit Mongol kang maju terus kanggo nguwasani [[Beijing]].<ref name="finna"/> Amarga lelabuhané Yu, wadya Mongol bisa dikalahake lan dipeksa kanggo negosiasi damai lan mbaleke Zhengtong kang ditawan.<ref name="finna"/> Amarga bantuwan saka Yu Qian, Jingtai banjur musatake perhatian marang prakara kang wigati.<ref name="finna"/> DHeweke mènèhi prentah renovasi [[Kanal Besar]] lan tanggul-tanggul kang na ing laladan [[Kali Kuning]].<ref name="finna"/> Hasile ya iku ékonomi nagara bisa tumbuh lan nagara dadi saya kuwat.<ref name="finna"/> Jingtai terus mrentah nganti tekan taun 1457.<ref name="finna"/> Sawijining dina putrane mati kanthi cara kang misterius, isu kang nyebar ya iku dhèwèké mati amarga diracun.<ref name="finna"/> Perkara iki ndadèkaké dhèwèké nelangsa banget kang ndadèkaké banjur lara.<ref name="finna"/> Kesempatan ini digunakaké déning para mantri kang ora seneng marang dhèwèké, kanggo nyerbu pura kidul lan mbebasaken Zhengtong saka tahanan omah.<ref name="finna"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Tokoh Dinasti Ming|Jingtai]] [[Kategori:Cina]] {{Stub}} tlm7a0i045qzw3jd9drbt5sv39cj7nx Matsutaké 0 80777 1760270 1657758 2026-11-06T10:56:23Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = ''Matsutaké'' | image = Matsutake.jpg | image_caption = Matsutake | regnum = [[Fungus|Fungi]] | divisio = [[Basidiomycota]] | classis = [[Agaricomycetes]] | ordo = [[Agaricales]] | familia = [[Tricholomataceae]] | genus=''[[Tricholoma]]'' | binomial = ''Tricholoma matsutake'' }} '''Matsutaké''' (''Tricholoma matsutake''（S.Ito et Imai）Sing.) utawi '''jamur pinus''' punika nama umum kanggé [[jamur]] [[mikoriza]].<ref name="internet1"/> Jamur punika kalebet jamur langka saking génus ''[[Tricholoma]]'' familia ''[[Tricholomataceae]]''.<ref name="internet1"/> Jamur mikoriza punika ugi dados jamur ingkang déréng saged dipundudidayakaken.<ref name="internet1"/> Kathah-kathahipun, jamur punika urip kanthi sakparan-paran wonten ing nagari [[Cina]], [[Jepang]], [[Koréa]], [[Finlan]], saha ing panggénan-panggénan sanèsipun ing saindenging donya.<ref name="internet1"/> Nalika nembé [[mangsa palastra]], matsutaké tuwuh wonten ing alas-alas [[pinus]].<ref name="internet1"/> Matsutaké limrahipun tuwuh wonten [[alas]]-alas ingkang wonten taneman [[pinus merah jepang]], ''[[Tsuga diversifolia]]'', [[tumbuhan runjung|pohon runjung]] ''[[Tsuga]]'', saha ''[[Pinus pumila]]''.<ref name="internet1"/> Kajawi punika matsutaké ugi asring tuwuh wonten ing [[wana]] ingkang dipuntuwuhi [[pinus ireng jepang]].<ref name="internet1"/> Wonten ing panggénan-panggénan sanèsipun, mastsutaké ugi gesang nalika nembé [[mangsa udan Asia Timur]].<ref name="internet1"/> Jamur punika gadhah [[miselium]] ingkang tuwuhipun rendhet sanget.<ref name="internet1"/> Suhu ingkang saé kanggé tuwuhipun miselium inggih punika kirang langkung 5-30℃, suhu ideal sakiwa-tengené 22-25℃, pH tanah ideal 4,5-5,5.<ref name="internet1"/> Wonten ing nagari Jepang, matsutaké punika kalebet panganan élit ingkang redinipun awis.<ref name="internet1"/> Jamur punika gandanipun wangi saha sedhep sanget.<ref name="internet1"/> Matsutaké limrahipun dipunpanggang wonten ing sandhuwuring geni nanging boten ngantos gosong.<ref name="internet1"/> Kajawi punika matsutaké ugi saged dipunmasak kaliyan [[wos]], saéngga dipunwastani [[sega]] matsutaké utawi (''matsutake gohan'').<ref name="internet1"/> Kajawi punika matsutaké ugi saged dipun-ginakaken kanggé campuran ''dobinmushi'' (sup wonten [[teko]]).<ref name="internet1">[http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=3948843 kaskus.us]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 4 Oktober 2011)</ref> [[Jamur]] matsutaké punika ugi dipunekspor wonten ing nagara-nagara sanès.<ref name="internet2">[http://www.nusantara-news.com/2009/11/jamur-matsutake-impor-capai-95-total-persediaan-di-jepang.html nusantara-news.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528071242/http://www.nusantara-news.com/2009/11/jamur-matsutake-impor-capai-95-total-persediaan-di-jepang.html |date=2025-05-28 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 4 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Jamur pangan]] {{stub}} ijrsd60czboi05wbxzn66fulefzgikb Gedhung Merdheka 0 80882 1759968 1663745 2026-11-05T18:51:56Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759968 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:gedung.Merdeka.jpg|thumb|250px|Gedung Merdeka]] '''Gedhung Merdheka''' salah satunggaling gedhong ingkang dunungipun wonten ing margi Asia-Afrika, [[Bandung]], [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet1"/> Gedhung punika kalebet gedhong ingkang gadhah sajarah awit naté dipun-ginakaken kanggé panggènan [[Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi Asia-Afrika]] nalika taun [[1955]].<ref name="internet1"/> Sapunika gedhong merdheka dipun-ginakaken kanggé musiyum ingkang mameraken piranti-piranti koleksi saha foto-foto Konferensi Asia-Afrika ingkang dados cikal bakal [[Gerakan Non-Blok]] ingkang sepisanan nalika taun 1955.<ref name="internet1"/> Wewangunan punika dipunrancang nalika taun [[1926]] kaliyan [[Van Galen Last]] saha [[C.P. Wolff Schoemaker]].<ref name="internet1"/> Kekalihipun punika Guru Besar wonten ing [[Technische Hogeschool]] (Sekolah Teknik Tinggi), ingkang samangké dipunwasatni [[ITB]].<ref name="internet1"/> Kekalihipun punika [[arsitèktur]] [[Walanda]] ingkang misuwue nalika jaman samanten.<ref name="internet1"/> Gedhung Merdheka punika gadhah nuansa [[art deco]].<ref name="internet1"/> Déné ''lantai''nipun dipundamel saking marmer damelan [[Italia]] ingkang keling-keling, ruwangan-ruwangan panggènan kanggé ngunjuk saha sante dipundamel saking kayu cikenhout, déné kanggé paneranganipun dipun-ginakaken lampu-lampu bias kristal ingkang gumantung.<ref name="internet1"/> Gedhung punika manggèn wonten siti ingkang wiyaripun 7.500 m2.<ref name="internet1"/> Wewangunan punika dipunyasa nalika taun [[1895]] kanthi nama [[Sociëteit Concordia]].<ref name="internet1"/> Nalika taun 1926 yasan punika dipunrenovasi sedayanipun kaliyan [[Wolff Schoemacher]], [[Aalbers]] saha [[Van Gallen]].<ref name="internet1"/> Nalika jaman [[Jepang]] gedhong punika dipunwastani Dai Toa Kaman saha dipun-ginakaken kanggé pusat kabudayan.<ref name="internet1"/> Nalika jaman proklamasi kamardikan [[Republik Indonesia]] nalika tanggal [[17 Agustus]] [[1945]] gedhong punika dipun-ginakaken kanggé markas pemudha.<ref name="internet1"/> Kanthi kaputusan pamarintah [[Republik Indonesia]] nalika taun [[1954]] netepaken manawi kitha [[Bandung]] dipun-ginakaken kanggé panggènan [[Konferensi Asia Afrika]], pramila Gedhung Concordia kapilih dados panggènan konferènsi punika.<ref name="internet1"/> Gedhung punika banjur dipunparingi nama Gedhung Merdheka kaliyan Présidhèn [[Sukarno]] nalika tanggal [[7]] [[April]] [[1955]].<ref name="internet1">[http://www.asianafrican-muséum.org/gedungmerdeka.php?language=eng&page=gedungmerdeka asianafrican-muséum.org]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 19 September 2011)</ref> Nalika wulan [[Maret]] taun [[1980]], Gedhung Merdheka dipun-ginakaken kanggé panyelenggaraan Peringatan kaping 25 Konferensi Asia Afrika ingkang dipuntindakaken tanggal [[24]] [[April]] 1980.<ref name="internet2">[http://www.bandungheritage.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31:gedung-merdeka&catid=20:articles&Itemid=2 bandungheritage.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818034634/http://www.bandungheritage.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31:gedung-merdeka&catid=20:articles&Itemid=2 |date=2019-08-18 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 19 September 2011)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Museum ing Bandung]] {{stub}} nje5h4doy3nps6w3ico2smnrgfocfo1 Kaisar Zhengtong 0 81067 1760126 1656867 2026-11-06T03:34:45Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760126 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:明英宗.jpg|thumb|Kaisar Zhengtong]] '''Kaisar Zhengtong''' ([[Hanzi]]: 正统, [[1427]]-[[1464]]) ya iku kaisar ka-6 saka [[Dinasti Ming]] kang kakuwasaan nalika taun [[1435]] nganti tekan [[1449]] banjur nguwasani manèh nalika taun [[1457]] nganti tekan dhèwèké mati ya iku nalika taun 1464, uga dikenal kanthi jeneng '''Kaisar Tianshun''' (天顺), jeneng kang dianggo nalika sawisé [[restorasi]]ne.<ref name="kaisar">{{Cite web |url=http://www.kaskus.us/showpost.php?p=443460779&postcount=13 |title=www.kaskus.us |access-date=2011-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130144922/http://www.kaskus.us/showpost.php?p=443460779&postcount=13 |archive-date=2024-11-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Dhèwèké lair karo jeneng '''Zhu Qizhen''' (朱祁镇) dadi anak pertama saka [[Kaisar Xuande]] lan Permaisuri Sun.<ref name="kaisar"/> Zhu Qizhen dadi kaisar sawisé Xuande séda nalika taun [[1435]] lan rezime dijenengi Zhengtong.<ref name="kaisar"/> Nalika jaman semana dhèwèké umuré nembé baé 8 taun<ref name="kaisar"/>. Perkara iku ndadèkake kaisar Ming pisanan kang munggah tahta nalika isih bocah.<ref name="kaisar"/> Saka bimbingane para pejabat kang pengalamane wis akèh saka rezim bapake, kestabilan warisan rezim sadurungé bisa dipertahanake.<ref name="zhengtong"/> Nanging sawisé ibune lan sapérangan pejabat tuwa séda, dhèwèké wiwit gumantung marang kasime, [[Wang Zhen]].<ref name="zhengtong"/> Pungkasan iki Wang dipromosikake kanggo dadi pananggung jawab urusan seremonial, posisi kang disalahgunakake déning dhèwèké nalika njabat.<ref name="zhengtong">[http://www.tionghoa.com/tag/sejarah/ www.tionghoa.com]</ref> Wang mèlu cawe-cawe ana ing [[korupsi]] lan nyingkirake para pejabat jujur kang ndadèkaké situasi ana ing nagara wiwit kaco, kajayaan kang wis ana ing sadurungé wiwit ilang lan mrosot nalika ana ing papréntahan Zhengtong.<ref name="zhengtong"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Tokoh Dinasti Ming|Zhengtong]] {{Stub}} nw0nzgaywsflmro1fome5ijv70v26n9 Kaisar Tang Gaozu 0 81069 1760125 1694964 2026-11-06T03:33:35Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760125 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:TangGaozu.jpg|thumb|200px|Kaisar Tang Gaozu (Li Yuan)]] '''Kaisar Tang Gaozu''' ([[Hanzi]]: 唐高祖, [[566]]-[[26 Juni]] [[635]]) utawa kang duwé jeneng asline '''Li Yuan''' (李渊) ya iku kaisar kaping pisan [[Dinasti Tang]] kang maréntah nalika taun [[618]] nganti [[626]]. Dhèwèké uga kang ngadegaké dinasti Tang.<ref name="internet1">[http://indonesian.cri.cn/chinaabc/chapter14/chapter140107.htm Dinasti Sui dan Dinasti Tang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010202650/http://indonesian.cri.cn/chinaabc/chapter14/chapter140107.htm |date=2008-10-10 }} (Dipuntingali tanggal 7 Oktober 2011)</ref> Dhèwèké asline ya iku [[gubernur]] kang duwé kuwasa ing wewengkon kang saiki dadi [[Provinsi]] [[Shanxi]]<ref name="internet1"/> nalika [[Dinasti Sui]] lagi ana kisruh kang nganti dadi pecahe [[Tiongkok]] dadi praja-praja kang dikuwasani déning para pemimpin pambrontak lan mantan pejabat Sui.<ref name="internet1"/> Li Yuan uga nglakokaké prakara kang padha, iku saran saka putrane kang nomer 2, [[Kaisar Tang Taizong|Li Shimin]], dhèwèké mbalela lan ngangkat putune [[Kaisar kang saka Sui]], [[Yang You]] dadi kaisar bonékah kanthi gelar [[Kaisar Gong]] lan dhèwèké dadi waline.<ref name="internet1"/> Mangsa pamaréntahane kanggo naklukake saingan-saingane kanggo usaha nagara.<ref name="internet1"/> Li Yuan lair ing [[Chang'an]] (saiki [[Xi'an]], [[Shaanxi]]). Dhèwèké ya iku keturunan kaping 7 saka raja ing jaman [[Zaman 16 Nagara]], ya iku [[Li Gao]], pangadegé [[Karajan Liang Kulon]].<ref name="internet2">[http://forum.detik.com/putri-pingyang-pahlawan-wanita-awal-dinasti-tang-t36075.html Kaisar Tang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924054121/http://forum.detik.com/putri-pingyang-pahlawan-wanita-awal-dinasti-tang-t36075.html |date=2011-09-24 }} (Dipuntingali tanggal 10 Oktober 2011)</ref> Sawisé ambruke karajan iku, putune Li Gao, Li Chong’er dadi pejabat ing [[Karajan Wei Lor]], nanging génerasi sawisé ambruke keturunan namung dadi pejabat militèr kang tingkate ngisor.<ref name="internet2"/> == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Lair 566|Gaozu]] [[Kategori:Pati 635|Gaozu]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Wangsa Tang|Gaozu]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Wangsa Sui|Gaozu]] [[Kategori:Marga Li]] {{Stub}} 6q1kyu7rwy6ttlp70pak8u3rgkn3vvz Kabupatèn Empat Lawang 0 81092 1760113 1662968 2026-11-06T03:00:44Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dati2|nama=Kabupatèn Empat Lawang |kutha krajan=[[Tebing Tinggi, Empat Lawang|Tebing Tinggi]] |provinsi=[[Sumatra Kidul]] |luas=225644 |penduduk=229552 |kepadatan=- |kacamatan=7 |kalurahan= |kodearea=0702 |lambang= |peta=[[Gambar:Lokasi Sumatera Selatan Kabupatèn Empat Lawang.svg|300px]] |koordinat=- |dhasar ukum=- |tanggal=20 April 2007 |motto=saling keruani sangi kerawati |kepala laladan=[[Bupati]] |nama kepala laladan= H. Budi Antoni Aljufri, SE, MM. |web=http://www.empatlawangkab.go.id/ | dau = Rp. 238.437.199.000,- | dauref =(2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2011/bulan/02/tanggal/17/id/590/|title=Perpres No. 6 Tahun 2011|date=2011-02-17|accessdate=2011-05-23|archive-date=2016-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113052713/http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2011/bulan/02/tanggal/17/id/590/|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} '''Kabupatèn Empat Lawang''' iku sawijining [[kabupatèn]] ing [[provinsi]] [[Sumatra Kidul]], [[Indonésia]]. Kabupatèn Empat Lawang diresmèkaké ing tanggal [[20 April]] [[2007]]<ref>http://forumlintangempatlawang.blogspot.com/2007/08/adat-perkawinan-laladan-lintang-iv_27.html</ref> sawisé disetujoni déning [[Dhéwan Perwakilan Rakyat|DPR]] Rancangan Undang-Undangé ing tanggal [[8 Dhésèmber]] [[2006]] ngenani pambentukan kabupatèn Empat Lawang bebarengan karo 15 kabupatèn/kutha anyar liyané. Kabupatèn Empat Lawang minangka pamekaran saka [[Kabupatèn Lahat]]. == Géografis == Kabupatèn Empat Lawang duwé dunung géografis: {{Batas_USBT |lor =[[Kabupatèn Musi Rawas]] |kidul=[[Kabupatèn Lahat]] lan [[Kabupatèn Bengkulu Kidul]], [[Bengkulu]] |kulon =[[Kabupatèn Kepahiang]] lan [[Kabupatèn Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]] |wétan=[[Kabupatèn Lahat]] }} == Pamaréntahan == Kabupatèn Empat Lawang memiliki 7 (tujuh) kacamatan, ya iku: # [[Lintang Kanan, Empat Lawang|Lintang Kanan]] # [[Muara Pinang, Empat Lawang|Muara Pinang]] # [[Pasemah Air Keruh, Empat Lawang|Pasemah Air Keruh]] # [[Pendopo Lintang, Empat Lawang|Pendopo Lintang]] # [[Talang Padang, Empat Lawang|Talang Padang]] # [[Tebing Tinggi, Empat Lawang|Tebing Tinggi]] # [[Ulumusi, Empat Lawang|Ulumusi]] == Sajarah == Jeneng kabupatèn iki, miturut carita rakyat asal saka tembung ''Empat Lawangan'', sing sajeroning basa saenggon tegesé "Papat Pendhékar (Pahlawan)". Bab mau amarga ing jaman biyèn ana papat tokoh sing tau mimpin laladan iki.<ref>Vebri Al Lintani, ''[http://www.dapunta.com/puyang-kemiri-pesan-pesan-lan-asal-usul-empat-lawang.html Puyang Kemiri: Pesan-pesan lan Asal-usul Empat Lawang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221225543/http://www.dapunta.com/puyang-kemiri-pesan-pesan-lan-asal-usul-empat-lawang.html |date=2025-02-21 }}'', situs Dapunta Online, 3 Oktober 2010. Diakses 8 Oktober 2010.</ref><ref>Ismajid, ''[http://forumlintangempatlawang.blogspot.com/2007/08/asal-mula-nama-empat-lawang.html Asal Mula Nama Empat Lawang]'', situs Komunitas Lintang IV Lawang, 7 Agustus 2007. Diakses 8 Oktober 2010.</ref> Ing mangsa penjajahan Hindhia Walanda (watara 1870-1900), [[Tebing Tinggi]] nyekel peran eigati minangka wewengkon administratif (''onderafdeeling'') lan lalu lintas ékonomi amarga dunungé sing strategis. [[Tebing Tinggi]] tau diusulaké dadi kutha krajan karesidenan nalika [[Walanda]] ngrancang minangka Keresidenan Sumatra Kidul (Zuid Sumatra) taun 1870-an sing nyakup [[Lampung]], [[Jambi]] lan [[Palembang]]. Tebing Tinggi dianggep strategis kanggo nggusak ancaman pambrontakan laladan saubengé, kaya [[Pagar Alam]], [[Pasemah]] lan pinggiran Bengkulu. Rencana iku batal amarga Walanda mung minangka siji keresidenan, ya iku [[Sumatra]]. Ing mangsa penjajahan [[Jepang]] (1942-1945), ''Onderafdeeling'' [[Tebing Tinggi]] ganti jeneng dadi wewengkon kewedanaan lan akhirnya ing mangsa kamardikan dadi péranganing wewengkon sisan kutha krajan tumrap Kabupatèn Empat Lawang. == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.republika.co.id/koran_detail.asp?id=275995&kat_id=43 Empat Lawang Sambut Status Kabupatèn] * [http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/nusa/sumatra/2006/04/04/brk,20060404-75822,id.html Sumatra Kidul Tambah Satu Kabupatèn Baru] * [http://www.depdagri.go.id/konten.php?nama=Berita&op=detail_berita&id=395 10 Laladan Siap Dimekarkan, Empat Punya Potensi Ekonomi Lebih] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926231215/http://www.depdagri.go.id/konten.php?nama=Berita&op=detail_berita&id=395 |date=2007-09-26 }} == Rujukan == {{reflist}} {{Kabupatèn Empat Lawang}} {{Sumsel}} [[Kategori:Kabupatèn ing Sumatra Kidul|Empat Lawang]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn ing Indonésia|Empat Lawang]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Empat Lawang| ]] {{indo-geo-stub}} 6lv0rebuus4m96ft868jl2ossifnjxp Koka 0 81235 1760177 1731327 2026-11-06T06:10:54Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name = Coca<br>''Erythroxylum coca'' |image =Erythroxylum_coca_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-204.jpg |regnum = [[Plant]]ae |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |ordo = [[Malpighiales]] |familia = [[Erythroxylaceae]] |genus = ''[[Erythroxylum]]'' |species = '''''E. coca''''' |binomial = ''Erythroxylum coca'' |binomial_authority = [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lam.]] |}} '''Koka''' ('''''Erythroxylum coca'''''), iku [[tetuwuhan]] ing kulawarga [[Erythroxylaceae]], asal saka Amérika Kidul sisih kulon. Tetuwuhan iki wigati ing tradhisi [[Budaya Andean]]). Koka ditepungi déning kandhutan dat [[alkaloid]], kalebu [[kokain]], siji dat perangsang (''stimulant'') sing kuwat. {{Gallery |title=Morfologi wit koka |lines=1 |width=200 |File:Colcoca02.jpg|Godhong |File:Colcoca04.jpg|Godhong lan woh |File:Colcoca03.jpg|Godong lan pang-pang}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons|Erythroxylum coca}} {{wikispecies|Erythroxylum coca}} * [http://www.sharedresponsibility.gov.co Shared Responsibility] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222235733/http://www.sharedresponsibility.gov.co/ |date=2012-12-22 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120328132402/http://www.undrugcontrol.info/en/issues/unscheduling-the-coca-leaf/item/262-coca-leaf-myths-and-reality Coca leaf: Myths and Reality] website of the Transnational Institute (TNI) * [http://www.undrugcontrol.info/en/issues/unscheduling-the-coca-leaf Unscheduling the coca leaf], UN Drug Control website of the Transnational Institute (TNI) * [http://historyofalcoholanddrugs.typepad.com/alcohol_and_drugs_history/coca_leaf/index.html Coca leaf news page] – [[Alcohol and Drugs History Society]] [[Kategori:Erythroxylum]] [[Kategori:Tetuwuhan]] 8jy20du76tblrs8qzq0ks2aayke41yq Istana Wilanów 0 81238 1760053 1713857 2026-11-05T23:12:40Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760053 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Bellotto_Wilanów_Palace_as_seen_from_the_garden.png|thumb|250px]|Wilanów]] [[Gambar:Warsaw Wilanow Palace 2.jpg|thumb|250px]|Pura Wilanów]] [[Gambar:Warszawa - Wilanów Palace.jpg|thumb|750px]|Pura Wilanów]] '''Pura Wilanów''' inggih punika salah satunggalipun monumen paling wigati saking periode [[Baroque Polen]]. Sajarah gedhong punika ''inseperable'', ingkang dipundamel déning [[Raja Jan Sobieski III]]. Ing taun [[1677]], griya nembé dipunyasa piyambak ing wolls ingkang tebih saking ramenipun kastil. Struktur punika nembé rampung ing taun [[1696]] lan nggabungaken unsur-unsur manor mulia, vila ing nagara [[Italia]] lan [[Perancis]] ing pura gaya [[Louis XIV]]. Interior Pura dipunpundhut saking panobatan [[Sobieski]] lan kamenangan ing [[Vienne]].<ref>[http://www.zacharz.com/wilanow/wilanowen.htm www.zacharz.com](dipuntingali tanggal 25 September 2011)</ref> == Sajarah Pura Wilanów == Rikala raja sampun sèda, Pura dipungadhahi déning lare-larenipun, lan ing taun [[1720]], properti ing Pura dipuntumbas déning tiyang wadon ingkang sugih ing [[Polen]].<!- saking dinten-dinten [[Elizabeth Sieniawska]].(ora cetha karepe)--> Ing taun [[1730]], Pura, tigang taun dipungadhahi raja [[Agustus Strong II]], ingkang dadosaken dekorasi Pura dipun-gantos déning [[Agustus Strong II]]. Ing tengah abad [[18]], properti Wilanów dipunwarisaken déning [[putri Czartoryski]], istri déning panglima, [[Izabela Lubomirska]]. [[69]] taun salajengipun punika, [[Duchess]] maringaken Pura Wilanów kanggé putri lan, [[Stanislaw Kostka Potocki]]. Amargi punika, salah satunggalipun [[museum]] ingkang satunggal ing [[Polen]] dipunbikak ing Pura Wilanów taun [[1805]]. == Arsitektur == Eksposisi gadhah kalih pérangan: ing ngandhap, wonten Gladri Gambar [[Polen]]. Panggènan punika wonten patung saking raja [[Polen]], wakil kulawarga raja abad ageng, wadyabala berontak, seniman ingkang misuwur, lan tyang-tiyang ingkang kinurmatan ing [[Polen]]. Selajengipun Gladri Gambar Polen, wonten apartemen pura karajan. Kamar kanggé parté-parté Polen, papan kanggé mirengaken tembang, papan kanggé tamu, lan kanca-kancanipun, lan papan kanggé nyambut damel. == Gladri == <gallery> Gambar:Pałac Króla Jana III Sobieskiego w Wilanowie 14.JPG|Wilanów Gambar:Wilanów Palace interior.jpg|Interior Wilanów Gambar:Wilanów Palace interior 02.jpg|Arsitektur Wilanów Gambar:Poland. Warsaw. Wilanów Palace 004.jpg|Gambar patung ing Pura Wilanów </gallery> Papan- papan ing Pura Wilanów: # Coffin gambar # Gladri gambar [[Polen]], c. [[16]] lan [[17]] # Gambar kamar Kulawarga [[Sobieski]] # Papan Quiet # Papan Tengah # Papan ngajeng # Kabinet Pastel # Gambar kamar Kulawarga [[Poniatowski]] # Dekorasi Kontusz Sabuk # Gladri gambar [[Polen]], abad [[18]]. # Papan ing menara lor # Gladri gambar [[Polen]], abad [[19]]. Bagean satunggal # Gladri gambar [[Polen]], abad [[19]]. Bagean kalih # Vestibulum # The Raspberry Parlour # Gladri Lukisan kasebat Museum # Gladri Landsekap # Kabinet Etruscan # Gladri Lor # Studi Gladri # Papan ngajeng Ratu # Papan tilem Ratu # Para Vestibulum Agung # Papan ngajeng Raja # Papan tilem Raja # Kapustakan Raja # Kapel # Lapidarium # Gladri [[Kidul]] # Patung [[Jan Sobieski III]] # The White Hall # Apartemen [[Putri Marshall Lubomirska]]<ref>[http://www.wilanow-palac.pl/palace.html www.wilanow-palac.pl] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813170423/http://www.wilanow-palac.pl/palace.html |date=2011-08-13 }}(dipuntingali tanggal 25 September 2011)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Pura ing Polen]] [[Kategori:Situs Warisan Donya]] {{stub}} oa8j7tk21cuab42zkxl1xpmm2skbxi0 Kaisar Taichang 0 81544 1760124 1656858 2026-11-06T03:33:24Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760124 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:明光宗.jpg|thumb|Kaisar Taichang]] '''Kaisar Taichang''' ([[Hanzi]]: 泰昌, [[1582]]-[[1620]]) ya iku kaisar ka-14 saka [[Wangsa Ming]] kang nguwasani tahta taun 1620. Dhèwèké séda kurang saka sepuluh sasi sawisé dhèwèké nyekel tahta.<ref name="kaisar">{{Cite web |url=https://mediaanakindonesia.wordpress.com/2011/05/21/8-kaisar-dinasti-ming-yang-paling-terkenal/ |title=8 Kaisar Dinasti Ming Yang Paling Terkenal |access-date=2011-06-05 |archive-date=2011-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605053533/https://mediaanakindonesia.wordpress.com/2011/05/21/8-kaisar-dinasti-ming-yang-paling-terkenal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="taichang">{{Cite web |url=http://m-search.jp/ms/n_news.cgi?MoN=g&UoN=wapedia.mobi%2Fid%2FKaisar_Taichang |title=m-search.jp |access-date=2011-09-30 |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235137/http://m-search.jp/ms/n_news.cgi?mon=g&uon=wapedia.mobi/id/kaisar_taichang |url-status=dead }}</ref> Perkara mau ndadèkaké dhèwèké dadi kaisar kang paling rikat anggoné nguwasani tahta saka wangsa Ming.<ref name="taichang"/> Dhèwèké lair kanthi jeneng '''Zhu Changluo''' (朱常洛), anak mbarep [[Kaisar Wanli]] kang lair saka sawijining dhayang pura kang margané Wang kang diangkat dadi selir sawisé nglairaké dhèwèké.<ref name="taichang"/> Zhu Changluo dudu anak kang ditresnani bapaké kang tau ora ngakoni yèn dhèwèké iku katurunanné.<ref name="taichang"/> Cathetan urip kang ana mbeneraké.<ref name="taichang"/> Amarga sadurungé duwé anak nalika iku, ibu suri mbujuk Wanli kanggo mpromosikaké dhayang Wang dadi selir lan bayi iku duwé hak kanggo marisi tahta.<ref name="taichang"/> Wanli banjur miwiti ngalihaké pasawangané marang sawijining selir saka marga Zheng kang ndadèkaké selir Wang lan anaké wiwit ora dipikiraké manèh.<ref name="kaisar"/> Nalika selir Zheng nglahiraké putrané kang dijenengi [[Zhu Changxun]], Wanli duwé rencana kanggo mènèhaké gelar putra makutha Zhu Changluo marang putra nomer loroné iki.<ref name="kaisar"/> Nanging para mentriné ora sarujuk lan tetep nyekel prinsipé yèn putra nomer siji kang kuduné dadi putra makutha lan marisi tahta.<ref name="kaisar"/> Perdebatan iki ora rampung-rampung nganti tekan taun [[1601]], akiré Wanli kanthi kabotan banjur ngukuhaké Zhu Changluo dadi pewaris saka tahta kang sah.<ref name="kaisar"/> == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} {{Kotak_mulai}} {{Kotak_suksesi | pendahulu = [[Kaisar Wanli]] | pengganti = [[Kaisar Tianqi]] | kalungguhan = [[Kaisar Tiongkok]] | taun = ([[Wangsa Ming]])<br />1620}} {{Kotak_selesai}} [[Kategori:Lair 1582]] [[Kategori:Pati 1620]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Wangsa Ming|Taichang]] {{bio-stub}} t74m6nptxs9xcjht0sb4v6c42ihaorx Kwétiau 0 82080 1760217 1749990 2026-11-06T07:56:03Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chinese|pic=250px-Kwetiau_Kuah_Ayam_-_rice_noodles_and_chicken.jpg|picsize=250px|piccap=Kwétiau nganggo campuran [[kecap]]|c=沙河粉|p=shā hé fěn|j=saa1 ho4 fan2|altname=hefen|c2=河粉|p2=hé fěn|j2=ho4 fan2}} '''Kwétiau''' (guantiao, sha he fen) ya iku mi gepeng kang wernane putih digawé saka [[beras]]. Kwetiau bisa digoreng utawa dimasak nganggo duduh. Ing nagara-nagara [[Asia Tenggara]] kaya [[Indonésia]], [[Malaysia]] lan [[Singapura]], kwetiau kang paling kawentar ya iku kang digoreng. Ing [[Singapura]] lan [[Malaysia]] dijenengi [[Char Kway Teow]]. Sawetara ing [[Indonésia]] jenenge kwetiau goreng.<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.forumbebas.com/printthread.php?tid=169889]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Kwetiau (diaksés tanggal 9 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Kwétiau ing Indonésia == Kwetiao asalé saka Tiongkok.<ref name="internet 2">[http://kaskusnews.us/2010/03/14/aneka-ragam-mie-nih-gan-pic-cekidot/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109125342/http://kaskusnews.us/2010/03/14/aneka-ragam-mie-nih-gan-pic-cekidot/ |date=2010-11-09 }} kaskusnews.us (diaksés tanggal 9 Oktober 2011)</ref> Ing Indonésia kwetiau goreng dikenalake déning [[Hokkian]] lan [[Tio Ciu]]. Etnis yaiki duwé cara kang béda sajeroning ngolah kwetiau. Etnis Tio Ciu, kang akèh manggon ing [[Kalimantan]], racaké nggawé kwetiau goreng kanthi mènèhi [[daging]] [[sapi]], [[jeroan]], lan [[babat]] sapi kanggo geganep. Mula ing [[Kalimantan]] kawentar kanthi jeneng Kwetiau Sapi. Sawetara ètnis [[Hokkian]] kang akèh manggon ing [[Sumatera]], biyasa ngolah kwetiau nganggo campuran baso iwak, [[lapchiong]] (sosis babi), lan endhog [[bèbèk]].<ref name="internet 1"/> == Sajarah == Kwetiau goreng utawa [[char kway teow]] asalé saka panganan sing digawé déning kaum buruh lan didol kanggo kaum buruh. Para warigaluh, wong tukang ngumpulke kerang, utawa wong tani kang awane nyambut gawé, wengine kerep dodol char kway teow kang digawé saka kwetiau lan sisa-sisa janganan [[daging]] lan digoreng nganggo lemak babi. Menu iki dadi menu kang paling disenengi ing kalangan buruh amarga ana sumber ènergi lan nutrisine murah.<ref name="internet 4">[http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=9643193] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822023137/http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=9643193 |date=2011-08-22 }} kaskus.us (diaksés tanggal 9 Oktober 2011)</ref> Char kway teow tegesé kira-kira "mi beras goreng sing diiris", digawé kanthi nggoreng kwetiau (mirib karo tagliatelle Italia) nganggo kecap kenthel, terasi (belachan), asem, kecambah, godhong bawang China, lap cheong (sosis China) lan kerang, banjur dikudhak. Sajeroning resep asline, kwetiau uga digoreng sajeroning lemak babi kanthi nganggo lemak babi gorengan kang empuk, saéngga rasané énak.<ref name="internet 5">[hhttp://www.yoursingapore.com/content/traveller/id/browse/dining/signature-dishes/char-kway-teow.html#]yoursingapore.com (diaksés tanggal 9 Oktober 2011)</ref> Nanging saiki bakul kwetiau wiwit nambahake luwih akèh godhong-godhongan, kecambah lan ngurangi nganggone lenga. Ing nagara-nagara kaya [[Indonésia]] lan [[Malaysia]] kang duwé mayoritas penduduk [[Muslim]], kwetiau goreng wis ora dimasak nganggo lemak babi manèh.<ref name="internet 4"/> == Cara Nggawé Kwetiau Goreng == === Bahan === * 150 gram kwetiau teles * 2 endhog * 200 gram iwak pitik diiris-iris * 150 gram urang, dionceki * 250 gram cumi diresiki lan diiris dadi 2 * 50 ml banyu * 3 sendok makan lenga kanggo nggoreng.<ref name="internet 3">[http://komunikan.com/kwetiau-goreng-istimewa/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227211254/http://komunikan.com/kwetiau-goreng-istimewa/ |date=2024-12-27 }} komunikan.com (diaksés tanggal 9 Oktober 2011)</ref> === Bumbu === * 4 siyung bawang putih dirajang alus * 1 butir bawang bombay, diiris tipis * 1 sdt mrica bubuk * 1 sendok mangan lenga wijen * 1 sendok mangan kecap iwak * 4 sdm kecap legi * 1 sdt uyah * ½ sdt kaldu.<ref name="internet 3"/> === Cara nggawé === [[Bawang putih]] lan [[bawang bombay]] dioseng. Endhog dilebokake lan digawé orak arik. Banjur ditambah iwak pitik, [[urang]], lan [[cumi]]. Diudhek nganti wernane malih.<ref name="internet 3"/> Bumbu lan banyu dilebokake, dienteni nganti kentel, dimasak nganti bumbune ngresep lan duduhe entek.<ref name="internet 3"/> == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Mi]] [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Cina]] swujpdi0k3o5jgft10utu72yn6bez9n Kuil Sam Poo Kong 0 82494 1760200 1739367 2026-11-06T07:17:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760200 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Sampokong Temple Semarang.JPG|thumb|450px]|Sam Poo Kong]] [[Gambar:Zhenghepainting.jpg|thumb|Gambar '''Cheng Ho'''.]] '''Kuil Sam Poo Kong''' inggih punika kuil utawi klentèng ingkang dumunung ing laladan [[Simongan]], [[Semarang]]. Panggènipun wonten ing tengah kutha [[Semarang]]. Kados gadhah pangaran [[''Gedung Batu'']] amargi ing dalemipun wonten [[guwa]] sela ageng ingkang dipunpitayani dados papan kawiwitan ndharat lan dados pesanggrahanipun [[Laksamana Cheng Ho]] (uga diputepang kanthi asma [[Sam Poo Tay Djien]]) kaliyan prajuritipun ing Pulau [[Jawa]]. [[Laksamana Cheng Ho]] punika saking [[Tiongkok]], lan nglayar ngagem baita ingkang kathahipun [[200]] kapal lan awak kapal [[2.700]] tiyang kanggé misi perdamaian ing [[Asia]] lan [[Afrika]]. Ing tengah pelampahan, wonten prajurit ingkang gerah. Ing pungkasan armada punika nglabuh ing désa, ingkang gadhah asma [[Simongan]]. [[Laksamana Cheng Ho]] uga ngawruhi [[gua batu|guwa watu]] ing laladan punika lan dipundadosaken kanggé semedi lan sembahyang. Uga ngantos samangke masarakat ing [[Simongan]] ngaturi pakurmatan kanggé Cheng Ho kados tandha panuwun kanggé lelabuhan piyambakipun punika. == Wangunan Sam Poo Kong == Kuil punika wiyar sanget lan gadhah kathah yasan. Wangunan satunggal inggih punika memper pendhapa ingkang sadeyan hio kanggé tiyang ingkang badhé sembahyang, sanesipun wonten pendhapa malih ingkang nawakaken jasa foto kaliyan ngagem rasukan tradhisional [[China]], salajengipun wonten wangunan utami inggih punika [[kuil]] atawi [[klentèng]] punika ingkang gadhah kinten-kinten wangunan piyambak. Klentèng punika dipunbikak saking jam [[8.00]] – [[8.15]] lan jam [[11.00]] – [[11.15]]. Klentèng utami punika boten kanggé dipuntingali, amargi kanggé sembahyang. Kuil Sam Poo Kong punika dados situs pamaréntahan kutha [[Semarang]] (www.semarang.go.id), wonten kinten-kinten papan ingkang dipunagem sembahyang inggih punika: * Papan Pemujaan Déwa Bumi utawi [[Fu De Zheng Shen]] ([[Hok Tek Cheng Sin Hokkian]]) wujud [[arca]]. Papan Pemujan Déwa Bumi kasebat [[Klenteng Thao Tee Kong]] inggih punika papan pamujan kanggé matur suwun utawi nyuwun berkah lan kaslametan gesang datheng Déwa ingkang dados pangarsaning [[bumi]]. * Papan Pamujan [[Kyai Juru Mudi]] wujud pasaréan [[Juru Mudi kapal]] ingkang dipuntitih [[Laksamana Zheng He]]. * Papan Pemujaan Sam Poo Kong wujud [[reca]]. Papan Pamujan Sam Poo Kong inggih punika dados pusat sadaya kagiyatan ing komplek Gedung Batu kanggé sembayang nyuwun donga pangestu kaslametan, kasarasan, lan kanggé ngemut-emut [[Sam Poo Tay Djien]] kanthi sembayangan. Ing papan punika wonten sumber toya kanggé ngusadani kulawarga ingkang gerah. * Papan Pemujaan [[Kyai Jangkar]]. * Papan Pemujaan [[Kyai Cundrik Bumi]]. Papan punika wonten pusaka utawi senjata ing jaman Sam Poo Kong. * Papan Pemujaan [[Kyai & Nyi Tumpeng]]. Papan punika wujud [[prasasti]] kanthi wujud pasaréan kanggé semedi lan nyuwun berkah. Ing tengah kuil punika wonten [[lapangan]] ingkang wiyar, kaliyan pinten-kinten [[patung]]. Lan ing sisih pungkasan wonten gerbang ingkang ageng. Wonten lilin-[[lilin]] ageng ingkang wonten asma penyumbangipun.<ref>[http://www.jalanjajanhemat.com/2009/02/kuil-sam-poo-kong-semarang/ www.jalanjajanhemat.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110093859/http://www.jalanjajanhemat.com/2009/02/kuil-sam-poo-kong-semarang/ |date=2011-11-10 }}(dipuntingali tanggal 23 Oktober 2011)</ref> Laksamana Ceng Ho, ingkang damel Sam Poo Kong piyambak, gadhah asma asli inggih punika Ma lan Ma He utawi Ma San Bao. Kulawarganipun inggih punika pangrasuk Agami [[Islam]], ugi piyambakipun punika.<ref>[http://www.xuezhengdao.com/539/sam-po-kong-laksamana-ceng-he/ www.xuezhengdao.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204125258/http://www.xuezhengdao.com/539/sam-po-kong-laksamana-ceng-he/ |date=2012-02-04 }}(dipuntingali tanggal 23 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Gladri == <gallery> Gambar:Sam Poo Kong Semarang.jpg|Sam Poo Kong Semarang Gambar:Sam Poo Kong Temple.jpg |Kuil Sam Poo Kong Gambar:Patung Sam Poo Kong.jpg|Salah satunggalipun patung ing Sam Poo Kong Gambar:Sam Poo Kong.jpg| Patung Singa ing sam Poo Kong[[Barkas:Lampion di Klenteng Sam Poo Kong.jpg|jmpl|192x192px]]Kumpulan lampion ingkang gumantung ing Klenteng </gallery> == Ziarah == Ing Sam Poo Kong, pangujung ziarah ing pasarean prajurit Cheng Ho ingkang wonten ing latar ngajeng Gua Batu. Saking criyos ingkang wonten, masarakat percados manawi patung Cheng Ho wonten ing lebet Gua Batu punika. Masarakat [[Konghuchu]] percados, tiyang ingkang sampun séda saged maringi pambiyantu. Tiyang gadhah pamanggih manawi Cheng Ho dados déwa. Sanèsipun punika, masarakat muslim [[Tiongkok]] kathah ingkang tindak ing Sam Poo Kong kanggé ziarah ing papan petilasan Cheng Ho punika. Sam Poo Kong dipunbikak kanggé umum ing mangsa pamaréntahan Présidhèn [[Abdurrahman Wahid]] atawi [[Gus Dur]]. Wiwit punika, masarakat Semarang lan sanèsipun tindak ing klentèng ingkang paling ageng ing [[Jawi Tengah]] punika, kanggé wisata kaliyan ziarah. Sam Poo Kong dipeecados dados papan kanggé pikantuk berkah. Wisatawan dedonga supados pikantuk berkah wonten pinten-pinten babagan, inggih punika bisnis, kasarasan, lan jodoh.<ref>[http://koran-jakarta.com/index.php/detail/view01/73730 koran-jakarta.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223125915/https://koran-jakarta.com/index.php/detail/view01/73730 |date=2025-02-23 }}(dipuntingali tanggal 24 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Arsitektur Sam Poo Kong == Sedaya yasan gadhah warna abrit kas wangunan [[China]].<ref>[http://seputarsemarang.com/klenteng-sam-po-kong-1356 seputarsemarang.com](dipuntingali tanggal 23 Oktober 2011)</ref>. Wujud yasan klentèng inggih punika wangunan tunggal ingkang gadhah payon susun. Bènten kaliyan tipe klentèng sanès, klentèng punika boten gadhah serambi piyambak. Ing sisih tengah wonten papan pamujan Sam Po.<ref>[http://visitsemarang.com/artikel/klenteng-sam-po-kong visitsemarang.com](dipuntingali tanggal 23 Oktober 2011)</ref>. Arsitektur ing Sam Poo Kong dipunwiwiti saking wujud payon limasan ingkang minangka kas [[Jawi]], arsitèktur payon [[China]] lan interioripun, lan kinten-kinten rerenggan sèla ingkang mirib pahatan candhi ing [[Jawi]]. Sanèsipun, wonten papan kabongan ingkang bentukipun kados labu, kalih buntut [[naga]], kas [[China]].<ref>[http://www.wikimu.com/News/DisplayNews.aspx?id=13426 www.wikimu.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113225632/http://www.wikimu.com/News/DisplayNews.aspx?id=13426 |date=2012-11-13 }}(dipuntingali tanggal 23 Oktober 2011)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Kuil]] [[Kategori:Wangunan ing Semarang]] [[Kategori:WikiSemawis]] [[Kategori:Dana Wiki GSF25 Wikimedia Yogyakarta]] dpsbwyn1xfzgy6zo7rv2xzigvabg7ub Empon-empon 0 88969 1759938 1732279 2026-11-05T16:31:45Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759938 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Bumbu_dan_Rempah_-_rempah.jpg|jmpl|Bumbu lan Empon-empon|250x250px]] '''Empon-empon''' inggih punika manéka warni taneman ingkang mliginipun dipun-ginakaken kanggé tamba utawi [[obat]] tumrap penyakit-penyakit tinamtu.<ref>[http://www.berarti.com/empon-empon empon-empon]</ref> Empon-empon punika saged awujud oyod-oyodan, woh-wohan, utawi gegodhongan. Nanging, boten sadaya oyod, woh, utawi ron saged dipunwastani empon-empon. Namung sapérangan kemawon ingkang mligi damel [[obat]] utawi tamba. Empon-empon tumrap tiyang kathah, kajawi saged damel tamba ugi asring dipun-ginakaken kanggé [[bumbu]] masak, pramila boten nggumun manawi kathah ingkang migunakaken empon-empon punika. wonten sapérangan empon-empon jangkep kaliyan kagunanipun, kados ingkang kapacak ing ngandhap punika. ==Jahé== [[File:Fresh Ginger.JPG|thumb|Jahé|250x250px]] [[Jahé]] inggih punika satunggaling empon-empon ingkang gadhah nama [[latin]] ''Zingiber officinale''.<ref>[http://www.plantamor.com/index.php?plant=1306 Plantamor]</ref>[[Jahé]] adatipun dipun-ginakaken kanggé [[bumbu]] masak ing masakan ingkang gadhah raos panas lan pedhes. Kajawi wonten Jawa, [[Jahe]] ugi dipun-ginakaken wonten [[India]] lan [[Cina]] kanggé [[bumbu masak]]. [[Jahé]] saged ugi kanggé campuran cemilan kados ta [[permèn]] jahé saha [[roti]] jahé. [[Jahé]] ugi dipundadosaken tamba utawi [[jamu]] kanggé manéka warni penyakit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://duniatanaman.com/khasiat-tanaman-jahe.html |title=Khasiat tanaman jahe |access-date=2012-08-13 |archive-date=2012-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529053942/http://duniatanaman.com/khasiat-tanaman-jahe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sampun kabukti manawi [[jahé]] punika kathah manfaatipun. [[Jahé]] saged kanggé komprès keseleo kanthi dipunparut rumiyin, ugi kanggé tamba pegel-pegel, lan sanèsipun. Ugi kanggé tamba masuk angin, mules-mules utawi dipunemut kanggé tiyang èstri ingkang nembé ngandhut kanggé ngicali raos gumoh. [[Jahé]] ugi saged damel campuran unjukan, kados ta [[STMJ]] (Susu Telor Madu Jahé), [[Ginger Alé]], [[Jahé Telor]], [[Sekoteng]], [[Pokak]] lan sanèsipun. Kanggé [[jamu]], [[jahé]] sapunika sampun sumadya kanthi cara ingkang praktis awujud [[jahé]] siyap saji, dados saged dipundamel wonten pundi kemawon. [[File:Ginger Plant vs.jpg|thumb|Tuwuhan jahé karo kembangé|250x250px]] ==Jinisipun Jahé== Wonten sapérangan [[jahé]] ingkang dipunmangertosi kaliyan tiyang kathah, kados ta: * Jaé biyasa * Jaé gajah * Jaé abang ==Temulawak== [[gambar:Curcuma amada 1.JPG|thumb|250px|Temulawak]] Temulawak (''Curcuma xanthorrhiza'') inggih punika taneman [[obat]] ingkang kalebet ing suku temu-temuan ([[Zingiberaceae]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bundakonicare.com/post/from-nature-for-health/temulawak |title=temulawak |access-date=2012-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324010222/http://www.bundakonicare.com/post/from-nature-for-health/temulawak |archive-date=2013-03-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Temulawak taneman asli saking [[Indonesia]], mliginipun Pulo [[Jawa]], lajeng nyebar ing saindhenging nuswantara ngantos dumugi manca nagari. Sapunika, temulawak kathah dipuntanem ing [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Thailand]], lan [[Filipina]]. Wonten ing sunda Temulawak dipunwastani '''koneng gedé''', ewadéné wonten [[madura]] sinebut '''temu labak'''. Taneman punika saged gesang kanthi saé ing dataran cendhèk ngantos inggilipun 1500 [[mèter]] ing salumahing samodra lan subur ing wana tropis. Rimpang temulawak saged gesang kanthi saé ing siti ingkang mawur. ==Ciri-ciri== Temulawak gadhah ciri bonggol semu kanthi dedeg ngantos langkung saking 1 mèter nanging kirang saking 2 mèter. [[Rimpang]] kadhapur kanthi sampurna lan kanthi pang ingkang kiyat, blegeripun ageng, ngepang, lan awerni coklat asemu abang, kuning tuwa utawi awerni ijo peteng. Ing saben tunas saking rimpang mbentuk ron 2 – 9 lembar kanthi mèmper bunder panjang, warni ron ijem utawi coklat semu ungu padhang ngantos peteng, panjangipun ron 31&nbsp;cm – 84&nbsp;cm lan ambanipun 10&nbsp;cm – 18&nbsp;cm, panjangipun pang ron kalebet lembaran 43&nbsp;cm – 80&nbsp;cm, ing saben lembar sinambung kanthi bogol lan pang ron radi panjang. sekaripun awerni kuning tuwa, kanthi wujud unik lan nggrombol. Pang alit lan sisik mèmper garis, panjangipun pang 9&nbsp;cm – 23&nbsp;cm lan ambanipun 4&nbsp;cm – 6&nbsp;cm, kanthi ron ingkang panjangipun nglangkungi utawi imbang kaliyan makutha [[sekar]]. ==Kagunan== Ing [[Indonésia]] namung satunggal pérangan Temulawak ingkang dipun-ginakaken inggih punika rimpang temulawak kanggé damel [[jamu]] godhog. Rimpang punika ngandhut 48-59,64 % zat tepung, 1,6-2,2 % kurkumin dan 1,48-1,63 % lenga asiri lan dipunpitadosi saged mbiyantu kerja ginjel sarta anti inflamasi. kagunan sanès saking rimpang temulawak inggih punika kanggé [[obat]] jerawat, nambah nafsu makan, anti kolésterol, antiinflamasi, anémia, antioksidan, panyegah kanker,lan antimikroba. ==Pambudidaya== Taneman punika dipuntanem kanthi cara konvènsional ing skala alit kanthi migunakaken tèknologi budidaya ingkang prasaja, awit saking punika susah nemtokaken panggènan punjer pambudidaya temulawak ing Indonésia. Mèh ing saben tlatah padésan, mliginipun ing dataran sedang lan inggil, saged dipunprangguli temulawak mliginipun ing lahan ingkang éyup. ==Kencur== [[gambar:Lesser galangal Kencur Luc Viatour.jpg|thumb|250px|kencur]] '''Kencur''' ingkang gadhah nama ilmiah ''Kaempferia galangal L.'' inggih punika empon-empon ingkang taksih sakulawargi kaliyan ''Zingiberaceae'', gadhah woh ingkang dagingipun empuk lan boten gadhah serat. Empon-empon punika gadhah nama sanès inggih punika ''ceuko'' utawi ''tekur'' (ing [[Acèh]]), ''kaciwer'' (ing [[Batak]]), ''cakue'' (ing [[Minang]]), ''cikur'' (ing [[Sunda]]), ''sikor'' (ing [[Kalimantan]]), ''cekuh'' (ing [[Bali]]), ''cakuru'' (ing [[Makasar]]), ''asauli'' utawi ''sahalu'' (ing [[Ambon]]), ''ukap'' (ing [[Irian]]), ''sekur'' (ing [[Lampung]]), saha ''kencor'' (ing [[Madura]]). Manawi wonten ing njawi, kencur dipunwastani ''humula'' (ing [[Benggala]]), ''kamung'' (ing [[Burma]]), ''prao'' utawi ''shan nai'' (ing [[Cina]]), lan ''herbe a kemfer'' (ing [[Perancis]]). ==Gesang lan Wujudipun== [[Barkas:Cekur_(Kaempferia_galanga).jpg|jmpl|Tuwuhan kencur karo kembangé|250x250px]] Empon-empon kencur kalebet taneman ingkang gadhah gagang semu lan rungkut. Taneman punika gadhah ron ingkang bunder lan amba kanthi pucuk ingkang ciut, radi kandel. Ron taneman kencur thukulipun nglèngsrèh ing nginggilipun siti. Taneman punika gadhah ron ingkang cacahipun kathah lan gagang ronipun awarni radi pethak. Kembang kencur awarni wungu semu pethak alit, arum gandanipun, thukul ing sela-selanipun ron, lan gampil prithil. Taneman kencur gadhah oyod ingkang thukulipun nggrombol, manawi oyodipun dipunbelèk katingal daging oyodipun ingkang awarni pethak lan kulit oyodipun awarni soklat tuwa. Kajawi saking punika, gandanipun oyod kencur kraos èca manawi katandhingaken jinis ''Zingiberaceae'' sanèsipun. Taneman kencur asalipun saking [[India]], sadèrèngipun kasebar ing [[Asia]]. Manawi wonten padésan, kencur gampil dipunpadosi amargi kencur limrah thukul ing tegalan utawi ing kebon. Sapunika, taneman kencur gampil dipunprangguli ing pot utawi latar griya minangka bumbu [[pawon]] utawi [[jamu]]. Taneman punika saé dipuntanem ing siti ingkang mawur, subur, lan wonten pasiripun sakedhik. Budidaya kencur kalebet lumayan gampil inggih punika pilih oyod ingkang tuwa, nanging taksih seger lajeng dipuntanem ing siti. Oyod ingkang dipuntanem punika badhé thukul tunas. Kajawi saking punika, saged ugi oyod ingkang seger punika dipunsimpen ing gudhang sadangunipun 1-2 minggu ngantos thukul tunasipun, lajeng tunas punika ingkang badhé dipuntanem. == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Tetuwuhan jamu lan bumbu]] hqyny5iiu6p9bawi8bnzxei0u9fvbch Dhawet ireng 0 91466 1759904 1655710 2026-11-05T14:58:16Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759904 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dhawet Ireng''' inggih punika salah satunggaling jinising dhawet. Dhawet ireng punika umben-umbenan asli saking tlatah Butuh, Purworejo, Jawa Tengah. Nama dhawet ireng punika asalipun saking warninipun dhawet ingkang cemeng. Werni cemeng dhawet punika kaasilaken saking awu obonganipun damen. Awu bakaran damen puniak dipuncampur kaliyan toya saéngga ngasilaké warni item, toya punika dipun-ginakaken kanggé pewarni alami dhawet.<ref name="internet 2"/> Sakjatosipun dhawet ireng boten wonten bedanipun kaliyan dhawet ijo.<ref name="internet 2"/> Cara nyajiake ugi sami, wonten ing mangkok ingkang dipunjengkapi kaliyan santan lan gendhis jawi. Ingkang nyebabake bènten inggih punika warni cemeng ingkang sanget.<ref name="internet 2"/> ==Faedahipun Dhawet Ireng== Faedahipun dhawet ireng punika inggih saged ngredaaken panas dalam lan nglancaraken pencernaanipun.<ref name="internet 2">[http://m.whostas.com/2011/hmm-nyam-nyam-dawet-ireng-ini-dia-es-cendol-hitam-khas-purworejo-resep-pembuatannya.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121111339/http://m.whostas.com/2011/hmm-nyam-nyam-dawet-ireng-ini-dia-es-cendol-hitam-khas-purworejo-resep-pembuatannya.html |date=2025-01-21 }} (diakses tanggal 23 September 2012)</ref> ==Caranipun Damel Dhawet Ireng== '''Bahanipun Dhawet:''' 50 gram glepung sagu 60 gram glepung beras 600 ml toya 1 sendhok teh uyah 1 1/2 sendhok makan (3 gram) awu merang lan 50 ml banyu, dipunlarutaken, lajeng dipunsaring 1 sendhok uyah '''Bahanipun Sirup:''' 250 gram gendhis jawi, dipunsisir 2 lembar godhong pandan 250 ml toya 1/4 sendhok teh uyah 3 buah nangka, dipuniris-iris '''Bahanipun Kuah Santen:''' 500 ml santen saking 1/2 butir klapa 2 lembar godhong pandan '''Bahan ingkang njangkepi:''' 1/2 sendhok teh uyah 2 lembar godhong pandan '''Caranipun ngolah:''' ''Cendol'' Larutaken glepung beras, glepung sagu , toya, toya awu merang, uyah. Masak sinambi diupunudhek-udhek dumugi mateng lan kenthel. Paringake adhonan punika wonten ing cetakan cendhol. Pejet cetakan punika wonten ing dhuwur baskom ingkang isinipun toya es, lajeng saring cendolipun. ''Sirup'' Masak ngginakaken geni alit, gendhis jawi, toya, godhong pandan, lan uyah dumugi kenthel. lajeng dipuntambahi nangka. udhek ngantos rata. ''Kuah santan'' Masak kuahipun santen punika kanthi dipunudhek-udhek dumugi mateng. Sajiaken cendol punika kaliyan sirup, kuah santen lan es serut.<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.sajiansedap.com/recipe/detail/4338/dawet-ireng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309125611/http://www.sajiansedap.com/recipe/detail/4338/dawet-ireng |date=2016-03-09 }} (diakses tanggal 22 September 2012)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Ombèn-ombèn Indonésia]] ddlufnddrn6yl657rc26mxd847wbc3l Kakaisaran Bizantin 0 91621 1760128 1754979 2026-11-06T03:35:59Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Former Country |native_name = {{Polytonic|Ῥωμανία}}<br />''Rhōmanía''<br />Romania<br />{{aut|Imperium Romanum}} |conventional_long_name = Kamaharajan Romawi Bizantin |common_name = Kamaharajan Romawi Wétan |continent = Afrika, Éropa, Asia |region = Segara Tengah |era = Abad Kuno-Akhir Abad Pertengahan |status = Kamaharajan |government_type = [[Otokrasi]] |year_start = 330 |event_start = Pendirian [[Konstantinopèl]] |date_start = 11 Mèi |year_end = 1453 |event_end = [[Lèngsèré Konstantinopèl]] |date_end = 29 Mèi |event1 = Penjatuhan [[Romulus Augustulus]], Kaisar Romawi Kulon |date_event1 = 476 |event2 = Skisma Wétan-Kulon |date_event2 = 1054 |event3 = Lèngsèré Konstantinopèl menyang [[Wadya Salib]] |date_event3 = 1204 |event4 = Penaklukan manèh Konstantinopèl |date_event4 = 1261 |event_pre = [[Diokletianus]] mecah papréntahan kamaharajan antarané kulon lan étan |date_pre = 285 |event_post = Lèngsèré [[Kamaharajan Trebizond|Trebizond]] |date_post = 1461 |image_flag = Flag of Palaeologus Dynasty.svg |flag = Heraldri Romawi Timur |flag_type = Gendéra Kamaharajan ing mangsa pungkasan (abad kaping 14) |image_coat = Byzantine Palaiologos Eagle.svg |symbol = |symbol_type = Lambang kamaharajan ing ngisoré [[Palaiologos]] | |image_map = Byzantine Empire animated.gif |image_map_caption = Perkembangan wewengkon Kamaharajan |p1 = Kakaisaran Romawi |flag_p1 = Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg |s1 = Kesultanan Utsmaniyah |flag_s1 = Ottoman flag.svg |capital = [[Konstantinopèl]] |common_languages = [[Basa Yunani|Yunani]], [[Basa Latin|Latin]] |religion = [[Agama Romawi Kuno|Paganisme Romawi]] nganti taun 391, [[Gréja Ortodoks Wétan|Ortodoks Wétan]] ditoléransi sawisé [[Edictum Mediolanense]] taun 313, lan dadi agama nagara sawisé taun 380 |currency = [[Solidus (koin)|Solidus]], [[Hiperpiron]] | |leader1 = [[Konstantinus I|Konstantinus ingkang Agung]] |leader2 = Konstantinus XI |year_leader1 = 306–337 |year_leader2 = 1449–1453 |title_leader = [[Kaisar Romawi Wétan|Kaisar]] | |legislature = [[Senat Romawi Wétan|Senat]] | |stat_year1 = Abad kaping 4 |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 = 34.000.000 |stat_year2 = Abad kaping 8 (780 AD) |stat_area2 = |stat_pop2 = 7.000.000 |stat_year3 = Abad kaping 11 (1025 AD) |stat_area3 = |stat_pop3 = 12.000.000 |stat_year4 = Abad kaping 12 (1143 AD) |stat_area4 = |stat_pop4 = 10.000.000 |stat_year5 = Abad kaping 13 (1281 AD) |stat_area5 = |stat_pop5 = 5.000.000 |today = {{flag|Albania}}<br />{{flag|Aljazair}}<br />{{flag|Armenia}}<br />{{flag|Bosnia dan Herzegovina}}<br />{{flag|Bulgaria}}<br />{{flag|Georgia}}<br />{{flag|Gibraltar}}<br />{{flag|Israèl}}<br />{{flag|Itali}}<br />{{flag|Kroasia}}<br />{{flag|Lebanon}}<br />{{flag|Libya}}<br />{{flag|Malta}}<br />{{flag|Mesir}}<br />{{flag|Montenegro}}<br />{{flag|Prancis}}<br />{{flag|Républik Makedonia}}<br />{{flag|Rumeni}}<br />{{flag|San Marino}}<br />{{flag|Serbia}}<br />{{flag|Siprus}}<br />{{flag|Slowén}}<br />{{flag|Spanyol}}<br />{{flag|Suriah}}<br />{{flag|Tunisia}}<br />{{flag|Turki}}<br />{{flag|Ukraina}}<br />{{flag|Vatikan}}<br />{{flag|Yordania}}<br />{{flag|Yunani}} }} '''Kakaisaran Byzantium'''' utawi '''Kakaisaran Romawi Wétan''' (Éjaan liya: '''Bizantin''', '''Byzantin''', '''Byzantine''', '''Bizantium''') ya iku wewengkon wétané [[Kamaharajan Romawi]] ingkang mligine nganggo [[basa Yunani|berbasa Yunani]]<ref>{{harvnb|Millar|2006|pages=2, 15}}; {{harvnb|James|2010|p=5}}: "But from the start, there were two major differences between the Roman and Byzantine empires: Byzantium was for much of its life a Greek speaking empire oriented towards Greek, not Latin culture; and it was a Christian empire."</ref> ing [[Abad Kuno]] lan [[Abad Pertengahan|Pertengahan]]. Warga lan tangga cedhaké Kamaharajan Romawi Wétan mènèhi jeneng nagara iki kanthi asma Kamaharajan Romawi, utawa Romania ([[Basa Yunani|Yunani]]: {{Polytonic|Ῥωμανία}}, ''Rōmanía''). Kamaharajan iki musaté ing [[Konstantinopèl]], lan dikuasani déning kaisar-kaisar panggantiné kaisar Romawi kuna sawisé lèngsèré [[Kamaharajan Romawi Kulon]]. Boten wonten konsensus ngenani tanggal wiwité kalamangsa [[Romawi Wétan]]. Pérangan wong nyebat manawi mangsa kekuasaan [[Diokletianus]] (284-305) sebab reformasi-reformasi papréntahan ingkang ditepangake marang dhèwèké, mbagi nagara mau dadi ''pars Orientis'' lan ''pars Occidentis''.<ref>{{harvnb|Treadgold|1997|p=847}}.</ref> Pihak liyané nyebat mangsa kekuasaan [[Theodosius I]] (379-395), utawa sawisé kematiané ing taun [[395]], wektu kamaharajan kepecah dadi pérangan Wétan lan Kulon. Wonten uga ingkang nyebat taun [[476]], ya iku wektu [[Roma]] dijajah kaping telu ing saabad ingkang mertandhakaken lèngsèré Kulon (Latin), lan ngakibatkaké kaisar ing Wétan (Yunani) pikantuk kekuasaan tunggal.<ref>{{harvnb|Benz|1963|p=176}}.</ref> Upama makaten, titik ingkang wigati ing sajarah Romawi Wétan ya iku wektu [[Konstantinus ingkang Agung]] mindhah kutha krajan saka [[Nikomedia]] (ing [[Anatolia]]) menyang [[Byzantium]] (ingang arep dadi Konstantinopèl) ing taun 330. Negera punika madek kirang luwih sampun ewunan taun. Sajeroning anané, Romawi Wétan, dumadi kekiyatan ékonomi, budaya, lan militèr ingkang rosa ing Éropa, sandyan terus ngalami kamunduran, mligi ing mangsa [[Paperangan Romawi Wétan-Sassaniyah|Paperangan Romawi-Pèrsi]] lan [[Paperangan Romawi Wétan-Arab|Romawi Wétan-Arab]]. Kamaharajan iki direstorasi ing mangsa [[Dinasti Makedonia]], bangkit dadi kekiyatan gedhé ing [[Mediterania Wétan]] ing pungkasan abad kaping 10, lan bisa nyaingi [[Kekhalifahan Fatimiyah]]. Sawisé taun 1071, sapérangan gedhé [[Asia Cilik]] direbut déning [[Turki Seljuk]]. [[Restorasi Komnenos]] kasil ngiyataken dominasi ing abad kaping 12, nanging sawisé sedanipun [[Andronikos I Komnenos]] Lan paripurnané [[Dinasti Komnenos]] ing pungkasan abad kaping 12, kamaharajan ngalami kamunduran manèh. Romawi Wétan saya kagoncang ing mangsa [[Perang Salib Kapapat]] taun 1204, wektu kamaharajan iki dibubaraké mawi peksa lan dipisah dadi nagara-nagara Yunani lan Latin ingkang satru. Kamaharajan kasil didekné malih ing taun 1261 ning ngisoré pimpinan kaisar-kaisar [[Palaiologos]], nanging perang sadulur ing abad kaping 14 terus nglemesaké kekiyatan kamaharajan. Turahan wewengkone dicaplok déning [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]] ing [[Paperangan Romawi Wétan-Utsmaniyah]]. Pungkasané, [[lèngsèré Konstantinopel|Konstantinopel ksil direbut]] déning Utsmaniyah ing tanggal 29 Mèi 1453, pratandha paripurnané Kamaharajan Romawi Wétan. == Tata asma == Kamaharajan punika wiwit diarani '''"Bizantium"''' ing [[Éropa Kulon]] taun 1557, wektu sejarawan Jérman [[Hieronymus Wolf]] nerbitake karyané ingkang gadhah sesirah ''Corpus Historiæ Byzantinæ''. Tembung "Bizantium" dumadi saka tembung "[[Byzantium]]", inggih punika namanipun kutha [[Konstantinopèl]] sakdèrèngé dadi kutha krajan [[Konstantinus ingkang Agung]]. Kawiwitan saka iku, jeneng tuwa iki jarang dienggo, kejawi ing konteks sajarah lan geguritan. Sakalajengipun, ''Byzantine du Louvre'' (''Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ'') taun 1648 lan ''Historia Byzantina'' karya [[Du Cange]] taun 1680 saya misuwuraké tetembungan Bizantium ing antarané pangarang-pangarang Prancis, kaya ta [[Montesquieu]].<ref>Fox, [http://www.romanity.org/htm/fox.01.en.what_if_anything_is_a_byzantine.01.htm What, If Anything, Is a Byzantine?]</ref> Istilah punika sabanjuré ngilang nganti abad kaping 19 wektu piyantun Kulon bali nganggo manèh.<ref>{{harvnb|University of Chile: Center of Byzantine and Neohellenic Studies|1971|p=69}}.</ref> Sakdèrèngé, istilah ''Yunani'' iki ingkang diginakaken kanggé kamaharajan punika. Negera punika dipunparingi asma dhumateng rakyaté kanthi asma '''Kamaharajan Romawi''', '''Kamaharajan Orang-orang Romawi''' ([[Basa Latin|Latin]]: ''Imperium Romanum'', ''Imperium Romanorum'', [[Basa Yunani|Yunani]]: {{Polytonic|Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων}}, ''Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn'', {{Polytonic|Αρχη τῶν Ῥωμαίων}}, ''Arche tôn Rhōmaíōn''), '''Romania'''{{#tag:ref|''Romania'' (utawi ''Rhōmanía'') inggih punika asma kamaharajan ingkang misuwur<ref>{{harvnb|Fossier|Sondheimer|1997|p=104}}.</ref> ingkang diginakaken boten resmi, ya iku "nagari tiyang Romawi". Istilah punika boten sarujuk ing [[Rumeni]] modhèren.|group="n"}} ([[Basa Latin|Latin]]: ''Romania'', [[Basa Yunani|Yunani]]: {{Polytonic|Ῥωμανία}}, ''Rhōmanía''), '''Républik Romawi''' ([[Basa Latin|Latin]]: ''Res Publica Romana'', [[basa Yunani|Yunani]]: {{Polytonic|Πολιτεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων}}, ''Politeίa tôn Rhōmaíōn''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dio.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/31/124/47 |title=Nation and Liberty: the Byzantine Example|doi=10.1177/039219218303112403 |publisher=Dio.sagepub.com|date=|accessdate=2010-08-07}}</ref> '''Graikía''' (Yunani: Γραικία),<ref>[[Theodore the Studite]]. ''Epistulae'', 145, Line 19 ("ή ταπεινή Γραικία") and 458, Line 28 ("έν Αρμενία καί Γραικία").</ref> lan uga '''Rhōmaís''' ({{Polytonic|Ῥωμαΐς}}).<ref>{{harvnb|Cinnamus|1976|p=240}}.</ref> Sanadyan Kamaharajan Romawi Wétan duwé ciri multietnis ing sejarahipun,<ref>{{harvnb|Ahrweiler|Laiou|1998|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Mango|2002|p=13}}.</ref> sarta njaga tradhisi Romawi-Helenistik,<ref>{{harvnb|Gabriel|2002|p=277}}.</ref> nagara punika dipunmangertosi nagara-nagara kulon lan lor ing jamané kanthi asma '''Kamaharajan Piyantun Yunani'''{{#tag:ref|"''Imperium Graecorum''", "''Graecia''", "''Yunastan''", ''dll'', asma kulon sanèsipun ingkang diginakaken inggih punika "kamaharajan Konstantinopel" (''imperium Constantinopolitanum'') lan "kamaharajan Romania" (''imperium Romaniae'').|group="n"}} amargi rosané prabawa Yunani.<ref>{{harvnb|Millar|2006|pages=2, 15}}; {{harvnb|Ahrweiler|Laiou|1998|p=vii}}; {{harvnb|Davies|1996|p=245}}; {{harvnb|Moravcsik|1970|pp=11–12}}; {{harvnb|Ostrogorsky|1969|pp=28, 146}}; {{harvnb|Lapidge|Blair|Keynes|1998|p=79}}; {{harvnb|Winnifrith|Murray|1983|p=113}}; {{harvnb|Gross|1999|p=45}}; {{harvnb|Hidryma Meletōn Chersonēsou tou Haimou|1973|p=331}}.</ref> Pangageman istilah ''Kamaharajan Piyantun Yunani'' (Latin: ''Imperium Graecorum'') ing Kulon dumadi lambang penolakan klaim Bizantium makilaké [[Kamaharajan Romawi]].<ref>{{harvnb|Fouracre|Gerberding|1996|p=345}}: "The Frankish court no longer regarded the Byzantine Empire as holding valid claims to universality; instead it was now termed the 'Empire of the Greeks'."</ref> Klaim Romawi Wétan dhumateng warisan Romawi ditentang ing Kulon ngepasi jaman Maharani [[Irene dari Athena]] amargi pangangkatan [[Karel ingkang Agung]] dadi [[Kaisar Romawi Suci]] ing taun 800 déning [[Paus Leo III]], ingkang meruhi takhta Romawi kosong (boten wonten panguasa jaler). Paus lan panguasa saking Kulon luwih nyenengi istilah ''Imperator Romaniæ'' tinimbang ''Imperator Romanorum'', gelar ingkang diginakaken namung kanggé Karel ingkang Agung lan panerus-paneruse.<ref name="Helios">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Hellas, Byzantium|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia The Helios}}</ref> Sawetara iku, ing peradaban [[Perseia]], [[Islam]], lan [[Slavia]], idhèntitas Romawi negera iki diakoni. Ing donya Islam, Kamaharajan Romawi Wétan dingertèni kanthi asma {{lang|ar| روم }} (''[[Rûm]]'' "Roma").<ref>{{harvnb|Tarasov|2004|p=121}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|El-Cheikh|2004|p=22}}.</ref> Wonten ing atlas-atlas sajarah modhèren, kamaharajan punika lumrahé dipunparingi asma ''Kamaharajan Romawi Wétan'' ing kalamangsa antara 395 nganti 610. Ing peta-peta kang nggambaraké Kamaharajan sawisé taun 610, istilah ''Kamaharajan Bizantium'' lumrahé dienggo amargi ing taun 620 kaisar [[Heraklius]] nggantèni basa resmi kamaharajan saking [[Basa Latin|Latin]] menyang [[basa Yunani|Yunani]].<ref name="Davis p. 260">[[#refDavis1990|Davis 1990]], hal. 260.</ref> == Jati diri == '''Kamaharajan Romawi Wétan''' saged dipundefinisikaken dadi kamaharajan multi-ètnis kang njedhul dadi kamaharajan Kristen, banjur kapérang dadi kamaharajan Wétan kang wis di-Helenisasi lan mungkasi sajarah èwuan taun, ing 1453, dadi Nagara [[Ortodoks Yunani]]: Sawijining kraton kang dadi [[nagara]], ingkang mèh padha tegesé modhèren saka tembung mau".<sup>[[#Réferènsi|1]]</sup> Wonten ing abad-abad sawisé penjajahan [[Bangsa Arab|Arab]] lan [[Langobardi]] ing [[abad kaping 7]], watek multi-etnisné (sanadyan dudu multi-bangsa) tetep ana pramila pérangan-bagiané, [[Balkan]] lan [[Asia Cilik]], duwé populasi Yunani kang gedhé. Etnis minoritas lan komunitas gedhé agama liya (contoné bangsa [[Armenia]]) manggon ing cedhak perbatesan. Rakyat Romawi Wétan nganggep dhèwèké wong Ρωμαίοι (Rhomaioi-[[Romawi]]) kang wus dadi sinonim kanggo wong Έλλην (Hellene-[[Yunani]]), lan sregep ngembangaké kesadaran diri dumadi nagara, dadi penduduk Ρωμανία (Romania, ya iku celukané kanggo Nagara Romawi Wétan lan donyané). Perkawis iki gamblang diweruhi ing karya sastra kalamangsa iku, mligi ing [[wiracarita]] kaya [[Digenes Akrites]]. Paleburan resmi nagara Romawi Wétan ing [[abad kaping 15]] ora langsung ngancuraké masarakat Romawi Wétan. Ing mangsa pandudukan Turki, wong Yunani terus nyeluk pribadining dhèwèké kanthi asma Ρωμαίοι (bangsa Romawi) lan Έλληνες (bangsa Yunani), sawijining ciri-ciri ingkang tetep ana nganti wiwité abad kaping 21 lan isih ana ing [[Yunani]] modhèren saiki, sanadyan “Romawi” wus dadi jenengé “rakyat” saka sinonim bangsa kaya ing jaman mbiyèn. == Sajarah == === Wiwité Sajarah Kamaharajan Romawi === Bala wadya Romawi wayah iku kasil nguwasani panggonan kang amba ingkang nyakup sakabèhing wewengkon [[Mediterania]] lan pérangan gedhé [[Éropa Wétan]]. Wewengkon-wewengkon iki kapérang saka akèh golongan budaya, wiwit kang ijik primitif nganti kang wus nduwé peradaban maju. Kadeleng kanthi umum, provinsi-provinsi ing wewengkon Mediterania wétan luwih makmur lan maju amarga wis ngalami perkembangan kang rikat ing jaman [[Kamaharajan Makedonia]] sarta wis ngalami prosès [[hellenisasi]]. Saliyané iku, provinsi ing wewengkon Kulon akèh-akèhé mung wujud padésan kang ketinggalan jaman. Bédané antara kaloro wewengkon iki anané suwé lan dadi wigati ing taun-taun saterusé.<ref>{{harvnb|Wells|1922}}, Chapter 33.</ref> === Pamisahan Kamaharajan Romawi === Dekret [[Caracalla]] ing [[212]], ''Constitutio Antoniniana'', ngambakake [[kewarganagaraan]] ing njaba Italia kanggo kabèh wong lanang gedhé bébas ing sakabèhing Kamaharajan Romawi, kanthi èfèktif ningkatkaké populasi provinsi kanggo madhakaké status karo kutha [[Roma]] dhéwé. Pentingé dèkret iki luwih bersejarah tinimbang cara pulitik. Dekret iku ya iku dhasar kanggo integrasi. Mekanisme ékonomi lan ukum saka nagara bisa diterapkaké ing sakabèhing [[Mediterania]] kang naté dilakoké sadurungé saka [[Latium]] menyang sakabèhing Italia. Wis mesthi, integrasi ora kadadéan kanthi seragam. Masarakat kang wus nyawiji karo Roma, kaya [[Yunani]] ketulung karo dekret iki, dibandingké karo panggoné kang luwih adoh, mlarat banget utawa asing banget kang kaya [[Karajan Manunggal]], [[Palestina (wewengkon)|Palestina]] utawa [[Mesir]]. Ing taun 293, [[Diokletianus]] nyipta sistem administratif kang anyar ([[tetrarki]])<ref name="B1">{{harvnb|Bury|1923|loc=[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/BURLAT/1*.html#1 hal. 1]}}</ref> dadi institusi kang dimaksudke kanggo ngefisienaké kontrol Kamaharajan Romawi kang amaba. Dhèwèké mbagi Kamaharajan dadi loro pérangan, kanthi loro kaisar mréntah saka Italia lan Yunani, pendhak duwé wakil-kaisar. Sabanjuré jaman kakuasaan Diokletianus lan [[Maximianus]] paripurna, tetrarki runtuh, lan [[Konstantinus I]] nggantèkaké kanthi prinsip panggantiyan turun temurun.<ref name="BG">Gibbon (1906), Part II Chapter 14: [https://web.archive.org/web/20080625235855/http://olldownload.libertyfund.org/Tamanexts/Gibbon0105/DeclineAndFall/Vol02/PDFs/0214-02_Pt06_Chap14.pdf200].</ref> Konstantinus mindhahaké punjer kamaharajan, lan nggawa owah-owahan kang wigati ing konstitusi sipil lan religius.<ref name="G168">{{harvnb|Gibbon|1906|loc=III, {{PDFlink| [http://web.archive.org/web/20080625235904/http://olldownload.libertyfund.org/Texts/Gibbon0105/DeclineAndFall/Vol03/PDFs/0214-03_Pt04_Chap18.pdf 168] |2.35&nbsp;MB}}}}.</ref> Ing taun 330, dhèwèké ngadegaké Konstantinopèl dadi Roma kapindho ing Byzantium. Posisi kutha mau strategis ing adol tinuku antarané Wétan lan Kulon. Sang kaisar ngenalaké koin ([[solidus (koin)|solidus]] emas) kang duwé rega dhuwur lan stabil,<ref name="esler-1081">{{harvnb|Esler|2004|p=1081}}.</ref> sarta ngubah struktur angkatan prasenjata. Ing kontrolé Konstantinus, kekiyatan militèr kamaharajan wus mari. Periode kastabilan lan kasejahteran uga bisa dirasakaké. [[Gambar:Raphael Baptism Constantine.jpg|thumb|left|''Pembaptisan Konstantinus'' yang dilukis olèh murid-murid [[Raphael]]]] (1520–1524). [[Eusebius dari Caesaria]] mencatat bahwa Konstantinus menunda [[pembaptisan]] hingga saat sebelum kematiannya, seperti yang menjadi tradisi padha mangsa itu.<ref>Eusebius, IV, [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iv.vi.iv.lxii.html lxii].</ref>]] Ing kakuasan Konstantinus, [[Kekristenan]] ora dadi agama eksklusif nagara, nanging dijurung karo kamaharajan, apamenèh sang kaisar ndukungé kanthi hak-hak kang akèh. Sang kaisar ngenalaké prinsip upama kaisar ora perlu ngebaraké pitakonan dhoktrin, nanging perlu nimbali dewan-dewan kagerejan kanggo tujuwan iku. [[Sinode Arles]] dinyawijikaké karo Konstantinus, lan [[Konsili Nicea Kapisan]] mameraké klaim dhèwèké kanggo dadi kepala gréja.<ref name="B163">{{harvnb|Bury|1923|loc=[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/BURLAT/2*.html#5 hal. 63]}}.</ref> Kaanan kamaharajan taun 395 bisa diarani dadi asil kerjané Konstantinus. Prinsip wangsa kang diterapaké kanthi tegas saéngga kaisar kang séda ing jaman iku, [[Theodosius I]], bisa merisaké kamaharajan tumuju anak-anaké: [[Arcadius]] ing Kulon lan [[Honorius (kaisar)|Honorius]] ing Wétan. Theodosius ya iku kaisar pungkasan kang nguasani sakabèhing Romawi Kulon lan Wétan.<ref name="Br">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Byzantine Empire|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Kamaharajan Wétan kasingkrih saka kangélan-kangélan kang diadhepi karo Kulon ing abad katelu lan kapapat, amarga Wétan duwé budaya urban kang luwih mapan lan sumber daya finansial kang luwih kuwat, saéngga bisa mandhekaké panyerangan nganggo [[upeti]] lan nyéwa wadya-wadya bayaran. [[Theodosius II]] nguatkaké [[témbok Konstantinopel]], saéngga kutha mau aman saka serangan-serangan; témbok iku ora bisa ditembus nganti taun 1204. Kanggo ngusir [[bangsa Hun|wong-wong Hun]] kang ana ing ngisoré kapemimpinan [[Attila]], Theodosius mènèhi dhèwèké subsidi (jaréné 300&nbsp;kg (700&nbsp;lb) emas).<ref name="Nathan">Nathan, [http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo2.htm Theodosius II (408–450&nbsp;AD)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413123203/http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo2.htm |date=2020-04-13 }}.</ref> Dhèwèké uga njurung pedagang Konstantinopel kang dodolan karo wong Hun lan bangsa liyané. [[Berkas:RomanEmpire500AD.jpg|thumb|300px|Kamaharajan Romawi Timur taun 500 M.]] Panerusé, [[Marcianus]], nolak nerusaké mbayar upeti iki. Untungé, Attila wus ngalihaké perhatiané tumuju Kamaharajan Romawi Kulon.<ref>{{harvnb|Treadgold|1995|p=193}}.</ref> Sawisé matiné taun 453, negera Attila ancur lan Konstantinopel mbukak gayutan kang nguntungaké karo wong Hun kang jik ana. Dhèwèké akhiré tempur dadi wadya bayaran ing angkatan bala wadya Romawi Wétan.<ref>{{harvnb|Alemany|2000|p=207}}; {{harvnb|Treadgold|1997|p=184}}.</ref> Sawusé runtuhé Attila, katentreman bisa dirasakaké ing Romawi Wétan, sawatara Romawi Kulon runtuh (karuntuhané kacatet ing taun 476, wayah jenderal Romawi Jermanik [[Odoacer]] nglèngsèraké kaisar [[Romulus Augustulus]]). Kanggo ngrebut manèh Italia, kaisar [[Zeno (kaisar)|Zeno]] mung bisa negosiasi karo [[Ostrogoth]] kang wus manggon ing [[Moesia]]. Dhèwèké ngirim ratu Ostrogoth [[Theodoric kang Agung|Theodoric]] menyang Italia dadi ''magister militum per Italiam'' ("kepala komando kanggo Italia"). Sawusé kasil nglèngsèraké Odoacer ing taun 493, Theodoric nguwasani Italia.<ref name="Br" /> Ing taun 491, [[Anastasius I (kaisar)|Anastasius I]] dadi kaisar. Dhèwèké ya iku wong reformis energetik lan administrator kang cakap. Anastasius nyempurnakaké sistem koin Konstantinus I kanthi ngatur bobot ''[[follis]]'' perunggu, koin kang akèh dienggo ing kauripan sabendina.<ref>{{harvnb|Grierson|1999|p=17}}.</ref> Dhèwèké uga ngubah sistem perpajekan, sarta ngilangaké pajeg [[chrysargyron]] kang ora disenengi. Wayah Anastasius séda ing taun 518, jumlah kas nagara kacathet gedhéné 320.000&nbsp;lbs (145.150&nbsp;kg) emas.<ref>{{harvnb|Postan|Miller|Postan|1987|p=140}}.</ref> === Panaklukan manèh Romawi Kulon === {{main|Yustinianus I}} [[Gambar:Justinian.jpg|thumb|upright|Mosaik Yustinianus I di [[Basilika San Vitale]], [[Ravenna]].]] [[Yustinianus I]], kang munggah singgasana ing taun 527, nglancaraké panaklukan manèh Romawi Kulon.<ref name="BEv">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Byzantine Empire|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}; Evans, [http://www.roman-emperors.org/justinia.htm Justinian (AD&nbsp;527–565)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205190521/http://www.roman-emperors.org/justinia.htm |date=2020-02-05 }}.</ref> Ing taun 532, putra tani [[Illyria]] iku [[Panentreman Abadi (532)|nandatangani prajanjèn damai]] karo [[Khosrau I|Khosrau I saka Pèrsi]]. Sanadyan kudu mbayar upeti taunan kang akèh, front wétan Bizantium dadi aman. Ing taun kang padha, Yustinianus slamet saka [[karusuhan Nika]] ing Konstantinopel, kang dipungkasi kanthi matiné telung puluh èwu perusuh. Kamenangan iki nguataké posisi Yustinianus.<ref name="Ev">Evans, [http://www.roman-emperors.org/justinia.htm Justinian (AD&nbsp;527–565)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205190521/http://www.roman-emperors.org/justinia.htm |date=2020-02-05 }}.</ref> [[Paus Agapetus I]] dikirim menyang Konstantinopel karo ratu [[Ostrogoth]] [[Theodahad]], nanging wurung tumuju prajanjèn perdamaian karo Yustinianus. Nanging, ora kasil agawé [[monofisitisme]] dicela. Panaklukan manèh Romawi Kulon diwiwiti ing taun 533. Yustinianus ngirim jendralé [[Belisarius]] lan 15.000 wadya kanggo ngrebut manèh provinsi Afrika saka [[Vandal|suku Vandal]] kang wus kuwasa saka taun 429.<ref>{{harvnb|Gregory|2010|loc=2E, hal. 145}}.</ref> Karajan Vandal kasil ditundhukaké.<ref name="Ev" /> Sawetara iku, ing [[Italia Ostrogoth]], ratu [[Athalaric]] ninggal ing tanggal 2 Oktober 534. Ibuné, [[Amalasuntha]], dikunjara lan dipatèni [[Theodahad]] ing [[Tlaga Bolsena|pulau Martana]]. Yustinianus ndelok kanthi kesempatan kanggo nglakokaké intervensi. Ing taun 535, wadya Romawi Wétan dikirim menyang [[Sisilia]]. Kamenangan kasil karaih, nanging Ostrogoth nguataké pralawanan dhèwèké. Kamenangan anyar bener-bener kasil ing taun 540, wayah Belisarius ngrebut [[Ravenna]].<ref name="B180-216">{{harvnb|Bury|1923|loc=[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/BURLAT/18C*.html 180–216]}}.</ref> [[Gambar:LocationByzantineEmpire.svg|thumb|left|Wewengkon Romawi Timur padha mangsa Yustinianus.]] Émané, Ostrogoth kasil didakaké manèh ing ngisoré kapemimpinan [[Totila]] lan ngrebut Roma ing tanggal 17 Dhésèmber 546. Belisarius ditarik déning Yustinianus wiwit taun 549.<ref name="B236-258">{{harvnb|Bury|1923|loc=[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/BURLAT/19B*.html 236–258]}}.</ref> Kasim [[Narses]] nggantekaké ing pungkasan taun 551 karo nggawa bala wadya 35.000 akèhé. Totila kasil dikalahaké lan mati ing [[Paperangan Busta Gallorum]]. Panerusé, [[Teia]], kasil ditaklukaké ing [[Paperangan Mons Lactarius]] (Oktober 552). Sakbanjuré iku, suku Goth isih terus nglawan. [[Suku Franka]] lan [[Alamanni]] uga nglancaraké invasiné. Sanadyan mangkono, perang kanggo nguwasani ujung Italia wus rampung kanthi kamenangan Romawi Wétan.<ref name="B259-281">{{harvnb|Bury|1923|loc=[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/BURLAT/19C*.html 259–281]}}.</ref> Ing taun 551, bangsawan [[Visigoth]] ing [[Hispania]], [[Athanagild]], njaluk bantuan Yustinianus ing pamberontakan nglawan ratu. Sang kaisar ngirim wadya ing ngisoré pimpinan Liberius. Kamaharajan Romawi Wétan kasil nguasani sapérangan wewengkon ing pasisir [[Spania]] nganti mangsa kakuasaan [[Heraklius]].<ref name="B86-288">{{harvnb|Bury|1923|loc=[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/BURLAT/19D*.html 286–288]}}.</ref> Sawetara iku, ing wétan, [[Paperangan Romawi-Pèrsi]] kadadéan nganti taun 561, wayah Yustinianus lan Khosrau nyetujoni panentreman 50 taun suwéné. Ing panengahan taun 550, Yustinianus wus éntuk kamenangan ing sakabèhing paperangan, kanthi pengecualian ing [[Balkan]], wektu kamaharajan terus diserang déning [[bangsa Slavia]]. Ing taun 559, kamaharajan diancem déning [[Kutrigur]] lan [[Bangsa Slavia|Sklavinoi]]. Yustinianus ngundang Belisarius, lan mangkono bebaya wus ilang, sang kaisar ngenggoni kakuasaan dhéwékan. Pawarta upama Yustinianus nguataké armada Donaunya agawe Kutrigur bingung, saéngga dhèwèké sarujuk kanthi traktat kang menèhi dhèwèké subsidi lan ngolèhaké dhèwèké mulih kanthi aman ngléwati kali Donau.<ref name="Ev" /> Yustinianus uga misuwur amarga préstasiné ing babagan ukum.<ref name="VJ">Vasiliev, [http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0832/_PC.HTM The Legislative Work of Justinian and Tribonian].</ref> Ing taun 529, komisi kang cacahé sepuluh wong kang dikepalani déning [[Iohannis Orientalis]] merevisi undang-undang Romawi kuna. Sakabèhing "undang-undang Yustinianus" jaman saiki kaloka kanthi jeneng ''[[Corpus Juris Civilis]]''. Sasuwéné abad kaping 6, [[budaya Yunani-Romawi]] isih duwé prabawa kuwat ing Wétan. Filsafat lan budaya Kristen dadi saya wigati lan wiwit ndominasi budaya mbiyen. Himne-himne kang [[Romanus Melodus]] nandai pangembangan [[Liturgi Suci]]. Aristek-arsitèk lan para tukang makarya abot kanggo ngebaraké gréja anyar [[Hagia Sophia]] kang nggantèkaké gréja mbiyèn kang ancur akibat haruhara Nika. Sasuwéné abad kaenam lan kapitu, kamaharajan diguncang déning wabah [[pes]], kang matèni akèh jiwa, sarta ngakibataké kemunduran ékonomi lan lemesé kamaharajan.<ref>{{harvnb|Bray|2004|pp=19–47}}; {{harvnb|Haldon|1990|pp=110–111}}; {{harvnb|Treadgold|1997|pp=196–197}}.</ref> Sawisé Yustinianus séda ing taun 565, panggantiné, [[Yustinus II]], nolak mbayar upeti kanggo Pèrsi. Sawetara iku, [[suku Langobardi]] nyerbu Italia. Pangganti Yustinus, [[Tiberius II Konstantinus|Tiberius II]], mènèhi subsidi menyang [[Avar Eurasia|suku Avar]], sawatara nglancarake serangan tumuju Pèrsi. Subsidi wurung menangaké suku Avar. Dhèwèké ngrebut bètèng [[Sirmium]] taun 582, sinambiyan bangsa Slavia wiwit nyeberang kali Donau. [[Maurice (kaisar)|Maurice]], kang nggantèkaké Tiberius, mèlu cawé-cawé ing paperangan sadulur Pèrsi, sarta manggonaké [[Khosrau II]] bali tumuju kakuasaané lan nikahaké putriné karo dhèwèké. Traktat Maurice karo iparé kang anyar nggawa ''status quo'' anyar ing wétan, lan ngurangi biaya pertahanan sasuwéné perdamaian iki (yutanan solidi kasil dislametaké kanthi remisi upeti kanggo Pèrsi). Sawisé kamenangané ing front wétan, Maurice bisa ngalihaké perhatiané dateng Balkan, lan [ing taun 602, dhèwèké kasil ngusir suku Avar lan Slavia.<ref name="Br" /> === Nyusuté wates === ==== Dinasti Heraklius ==== Sawisé Maurice dipatèni [[Phocas]], Khosrau nyoba naklukaké provinsi [[Mesopotamia]] Romawi.<ref>{{harvnb|Foss|1975|p=722}}.</ref> Phocas, sawijining pemimpin ora populèr kang dideskripsikaké dumadi "tiran" ing sumber-sumber Romawi Wétan, ya iku target konspirasi-konspirasi senat. Dhèwèké dilèngsèraké ing taun 610 déning [[Heraklius]].<ref>{{harvnb|Haldon|1990|p=41}}; {{harvnb|Speck|1984|p=178}}.</ref> Sawisé Heraklius kuwasa, bala wadya Pèrsi terus ndesek nganti lumebu Asia Cilik. Dhèwèké madeki [[Damaskus]] lan [[Yerusalem]], sarta mindhahaké [[Salib Sejati]] menyang [[Ctesiphon]].<ref>{{harvnb|Haldon|1990|pp=42–43}}.</ref> Heraklius nglancaraké serangan walesan kanthi ciri perang suci. Bala wadya Romawi Wétan perang kanthi nggawa citra [[acheiropoietos]] Kristus dumadi panji militèr.<ref>{{harvnb|Grabar|1984|p=37}}; {{harvnb|Cameron|1979|p=23}}.</ref> Bala wadya Pèrsi kasil diancuraké ing [[pertempuran Nineweh (627)|pertempuran di Ninewe]] taun 627. Ing taun 629, Heraklius mbalikaké Salib Sejati menyang Yerusalem ing upacara kang agung.<ref>{{harvnb|Haldon|1990|p=46}}; {{harvnb|Baynes|1912}}, ''passim''; {{harvnb|Speck|1984|p=178}}.</ref> Perang iki nyuda kakuwatané Romawi Wétan lan [[Kamaharajan Sassaniyah|Sassaniyah Pèrsi]], sarta nggawé kaloroné ringkih karo serangan [[penaklukan Islam|Muslim Arab]] kang lagi bangkit ing mangsa iku.<ref>{{harvnb|Foss|1975|pp=746–747}}.</ref> Bala Wadya Arab kasil ngancuraké wadya Romawi Wétan ing [[Pertempuran Yarmuk]] taun 636, lan [[Ctesiphon]] tiba ing taun 634.<ref>{{harvnb|Haldon|1990|p=50}}.</ref> [[Gambar:Byzantiumby650AD.JPG|thumb|left|350px|Kamaharajan Romawi Timur padha taun 650.]] Bala Wadya Arab, kang wus [[panaklukan Islam ing Suriah|naklukaké Suriah lan Levant]], terus nyerang Anatolia, lan antara taun 674 nganti 678 [[Pangepungan Konstantinopel (674)|ngepung Konstantinopel]]. Armada Arab kasil diusir nganggo [[geni Yunani]] lan perang senjata sasuwéné telung puluh taun disetujui antara kamaharajan karo [[Kekhalifahan Umayyah]].<ref>{{harvnb|Haldon|1990|pp=61–62}}.</ref> Serangan marang Anatolia terus kalaksanan lan agawé écepet matiné budaya urban klasik. Panduduk-panduduk akèh kang mbèntèngi manèh wewengkon-wewengkon kang luwih cilik ing njero bètèng kutha lawas, utawa pindhah menyang bètèng-bètèng kang paling cedhak.<ref>{{harvnb|Haldon|1990|pp=102–114}}.</ref> Agungé Konstantinopel uga nyusut, saka 500.000 penduduk dumadi 40.000-70.000 waé, kang disebabaké amarga Konstantinopel kélangan sumber gandum ing taun 618 wayah Mesir direbut déning Pèrsi (provinsi iki bisa direbut manèh taun 629, nanging akhiré dikuasani déning Arab ing taun 642).<ref>{{harvnb|Wickham|2009|p=260}}.</ref> [[Gambar:Greekfire-madridskylitzes1.jpg|right|thumb|[[Api Yunani]] dienggo kang kapisan karo angkatan bersenjata Romawi Wétan sasuwéné [[Peperangan Romawi Timur-Arab]].]] Panarikan wadya ing Balkan kanggo tempur nglawan Pèrsi lan Arab ing wétan wus mbukak lawang kanggo ngambakaké wewengkon [[bangsa Slavia]]. Akibaté, kaya ing Anatolia, akèh kutha nyusut dadi pamukiman kabèntèng kang cilik.<ref>{{harvnb|Haldon|1990|pp=43–45, 66, 114–115}}.</ref> Pada taun 670-an, [[bangsa Bulgaria]] dhidhesek menyang kidul kali Donau karo [[bangsa Khazar]]. Wadya Romawi Wétan kang dikirim kanggo mbubaraké pemukiman-pemukiman anyar iki dikalahaké ing taun 680. [[Konstantinus IV]] sabanjuré iku nandatangani prajanjèn karo khan Bulgaria [[Asparukh saka Bulgaria|Asparukh]], lan [[Kamaharajan Bulgaria Kapisan|nagara Bulgaria anyar]] éntuk kedaulatan saka pérangan suku-suku Slavia kang sadurungé ngakoni kekuasaan Romawi Wétan.<ref>{{harvnb|Haldon|1990|pp=66–67}}.</ref> Ing taun 687–688, kaisar [[Yustinianus II]] mimpin èkspèdhisi nglawan Slavia lan Bulgaria kang cukup kasil.<ref>{{harvnb|Haldon|1990|p=71}}.</ref> Kaisar Heraklius pungkasan, [[Yustinianus II]], nyoba ngancuraké kakuwatan aristokrasi prakuthon mawi perpajekan lan panunjukkan "wong njaba" ing kalungguhan-kalungguhan administratif. Dhèwèké dilèngserké ing taun 695, lan golèk perlindungan menyang bangsa Khazar, banjur Bulgaria. Ing taun 705, Yustinianus II bali menyang Konstantinopel bebarengan wadya khan Bulgaria, [[Tervel saka Bulgaria|Tervel]]. Dhèwèké ngrebut manèh takhta, lan madekaké rezim teror kanggo musuh-musuhé. Yustinianus II dilèsèraké menéh ing taun 711, saéngga paripurna Dinasti Heraklius.<ref>{{harvnb|Haldon|1990|pp=70–78, 169–171}}; {{harvnb|Haldon|2004|pp=216–217}}; {{harvnb|Kountoura-Galake|1996|pp=62–75}}.</ref> ==== Dinasti Isauria tumeka mangsa Basil I munggah singgasana ==== [[Gambar:ByzantineEmpire717+extrainfo+themes.PNG|thumb|350px|Kamaharajan Romawi Timur saat [[Leo III si orang Isauria|Leo III]] munggah takhta taun 717. Wewengkon bergaris ya iku laladan kang diserang déning bangsa Arab.]] [[Leo III si orang Isauria|Leo III]] kasil ngusir serangan Muslim taun 718, lan pikantuk kamenangan kanthi bantuan saka khan Bulgaria, Tervel, kang kasil matèni 32.000 prajurit Arab karo tentarané. Panerusé, [[Konstantinus V]], éntuk kamenangan ing Suriah elor, lan nglemesaké kakuwatan Bulgaria.<ref>{{harvnb|Cameron|2009|pp=67–68}}.</ref> Ing taun 826, Arab ngrebut [[Kréta]] lan nyerang [[Sisilia]], nanging ing 3 September 863, jendral [[Petronas sang Patrician|Petronas]] kasil pikantuk [[Pertempuran Lalakaon|kamenangan gedhé]] ing pertempuran nglawan [[Umar al-Aqta]], [[emir]] [[Melitene]]. Ing ngisoré kapemimpinan kaisar Bulgaria [[Krum]], anceman Bulgaria njedhul manèh, nanging ing taun 814, putra Krum, [[Omortag]], rerukun karo Kamaharajan Romawi Wétan.<ref name="BH">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Byzantine Empire|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}; {{cite encyclopedia|title=Hellas, Byzantium|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia The Helios}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Treadgold|1997|pp=432–433}}.</ref> [[Gambar:Clasm Chludov detail 9th century.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Ikonoklasme|Ikonoklasme Romawi Timur]] padha abad ke-9.]] Abad kawolu lan kasanga rempeg karo kontroversi lan perpecahan religius akibat [[ikonoklasme]]. Ikon-ikon ora diéntuki karo Leo III lan Konstantinus V, ngakibataké pamberontakan kang dilancarkan déning [[ikonodul]] (pandukung ikon) ing sakabèhing kamaharajan. Saka upaya [[Maharani Irene]], [[Konsili Nicea Kaloro]] dikempulaké taun 787, lan negesaké upama ikon bisa dihormati nanging ora disembah.<!--Irene diomongké wus nyoba negosiasèkaké pernikahan antarané dhèwèké karo [[Karel kang Agung]]. Ananging, miturut [[Theophanes Confessor]], rencana iki diobrak - abrik karo Aetios.<ref name="G89">{{harvnb|Garland|1999|p=89}}.</ref>--> Pada taun 813, [[Leo V si orang Armenia|Leo V]] ngukuhaké manèh kebijakan ikonoklasme, nanging [[Theodora (abad kasanga)|Maharani Theodora]] mulihaké pamujan ikon karo bantuan [[Patriark Methodios]] ing taun 843.<ref name="P11">{{harvnb|Parry|1996|pp=11–15}}.</ref> Ikonoklasme ngambakaké jurang kapecahan antarané Wétan lan Kulon, kang saya èlèk ing mangsa [[skisma Photios]], wektu [[Paus Nikolas I]] nentang pangangkatan [[Patriark Photios I dari Konstantinopel|Photios]] dadi patriark.<ref>{{harvnb|Cameron|2009|p=267}}.</ref> === Dinasti Makedonia lan Kebangkitan === ==== Paperangan nglawan Muslim ==== [[Gambar:ByzantineEmpire867AD4lightpurple.PNG|thumb|350px|Kamaharajan Romawi Timur taun 867.]] Ing taun 867, Romawi Wétan wus agawé stabil posisiné ing wétan lan kulon. Amarga efisiensi ing struktur militèr, kaisar bisa ngrencana perang panaklukan manèh ing wétan. Prosès panaklukan manèh diwiwiti kanthi kasil kang ora tetep. [[Kreta]] kasil ditaklukaké kanggo sawatara (843), nanging sabanjuré wadya Romawi Wétan kalah ing [[Bosporus]], sawatara kaisar ora kuwasa nyegah panaklukan Muslim ing [[Sisilia]] (827–902). Kanthi nggunakaké [[Tunisia]] dumadi watu lumpatan, wadya Muslim naklukaké [[Palermo]] taun 831, [[Messina]] taun 842, [[Enna]] taun 859, [[Siracusa]] taun 878, [[Catania]] taun 900, lan bètèng Romawi Wétan pungkasan, [[Taormina]], taun 902. [[Gambar:Paris psaulter gr139 fol1v.jpg|thumb|left|Keberhasilan militèr padha abad kesepuluh diikuti dengan kebangkitan budaya, yang ingaran [[Renaisans Makedonia]].]] Kekurangan mau ndang diseimbangaké mawi keberhasilan èkspèdhisi tumuju [[Damietta]] ing Mesir (856), [[Pertempuran Lalakaon|dikalahké]] Emir [[Melitene]] (863), pamasthèn kakuasaan kamaharajan ing [[Dalmatia]] (867), lan serangan Basil I menyang [[Efrat]] (870s). Basil I bisa nangani situasi ing Italia kidul kanthi apik,<ref name="Browning-1992-96">{{harvnb|Browning|1992|p=96}}.</ref> pramila provinsi mau tetap ing tangané Romawi Wétan sasuwéné 200 taun salajengipun.<ref>{{harvnb|Karlin-Heyer|1967|p=24}}.</ref> Ing taun 904, masalah tumeka ing kamaharajan wayah kaloro kutha iku, [[Thessalopunika]], dijarah déning armada Arab kang dimandhégani déning pengkhianat Romawi Wétan [[Leo saka Tripoli]]. Wadya Romawi Wétan males kanthi ngancuraké armada Arab taun 908, sarta njarah kutha [[Laodicea]] ing Suriah rong taun sawusé. sandyan piwalesan wus kalaksanan, Romawi Wétan ora bisa nginterfensi Muslim, kang wus ngancuraké wadya kamaharajan ing Kreta taun 911.<ref name="B101">{{harvnb|Browning|1992|p=101}}.</ref> Kaanan ing wates karo Arab tetep cair. [[Varangia]], kang nyerang Konstantinopel [[Perang Rus'-Romawi Wétan (860)|kanggo kapisané ing taun 860]], dadi tantangan anyar. Ing taun 941, [[Perang Rus'-Romawi Wétan (941)|dhèwèké njedhul]] ing pasisir Bosporus pérangan Asia. Wayah iki dhèwèké kasil diancuraké, ndudohaké kuaté kekuwatan militèr Romawi Wétan sawusé taun 907, wektu [[Traktat Rus'-Romawi Wétan (907)|namung diplomasi kang bisa ngusir panyerang-panyerang mau]]. Kaisar [[Nikephoros II Phokas]] (kuasané 963–969) lan [[Yohanes I Tzimiskes]] (969–976) njembaraké wewengkon kamaharajan nganti [[Suriah]], nundukaké emir-emir ing [[Irak]] kulon laut, sarta naklukaké manèh [[Kreta]] lan [[Siprus]]. Ing papréntahan Yohanes, wadya kamaharajan sempet ngancem [[Yerusalem]].<ref name="Browning-1992-113">{{harvnb|Browning|1992|pp=113}}.</ref> Emirat [[Aleppo]] lan tangga-tanggané dadi vassal kamaharajan. Sawusé akèh nglancaraké kampanye militèr, anceman Arab kang pungkasan kanggo Romawi Wétan kasil ditaklukaké wayah Basil II kanthi rikat narik 40.000 wadya jaran kanggo mbébasaké Suriah Romawi. Kanthi surplus sumber daya alam, Basil II ngrencana èkspèdhisi menyang Sisilia kanggo ngrebut saka bangsa Arab. Sawusé matiané taun 1025, èkspèdhisi kalaksanan ing taun 1040-an, lan kasil éntuk sukses ing ngarepé, nanging suksèsé iku sabanjuré seret. ==== Paperangan nglawan Kamaharajan Bulgaria ==== {{details|Peperangan Romawi Timur-Bulgaria}} [[Gambar:Basilios II.jpg|thumb|upright|Kaisar [[Basil II]] sang Pembantai Bulgar (976–1025).]] Pargumulan suwé karo [[Takhta Suci]] kalaksanan; wayah iki diakibataké karo perebutan kakuasaan religius Bulgaria kang lagi dikristenaké. Akibaté, [[Tsar]] [[Simeon I dari Bulgaria|Simeon I]] nglancaraké invasi ing taun 894, nanging kasil dimandekaé mawi diplomasi Romawi Wétan, kang njaluk bantuan saka bangsa Honggari. Romawi Wétan akhiré dikalahké ing [[Pertempuran Bulgarophygon]] (896) lan diwajibké mbayar upeti marang bangsa Bulgaria. Sabanjuré (912), Simeon kasil meksa Romawi Wétan mènèhi anugrah takhta ''basileus'' (kaisar) Bulgaria lan agawé Kaisar [[Konstantinus VII]] nikahi salah siji putri Simeon. Wektu pemberontakan ing Konstantinopel nyeretaké upaya iki, Simeon nyerang Trakia lan naklukaké [[Edirne|Adrianopel]].<ref name=Norwich /> Ekspedisi kamaharajan di ngisoré pimpinan [[Leo Phocas]] lan [[Romanos I|Romanos Lekapenos]] ngalami kekalahan gedhé ing [[Pertempuran Acheloos]] (917), lan ing taun saterusé Bulgaria ngleboni lan ngrampok Yunani elor nganti sadawané [[Korintus]]. Adrianopel kasil direbut manèh ing taun 923, nanging ing taun 924 wadya Bulgaria ngepung Konstantinopel. Kaanan ing Balkan dadi apik sawusé matiné Simeon taun 927. Ing taun 968, Bulgaria diserbu déning [[Rus']] ing ngisoré pimpinan [[Sviatoslav I saka Kiev]]. Telung taun sawisé, Kaisar [[Yohanes I Tzimiskes]] kasil [[Pangepungan Dorostolon|ngalahaké]] bangsa Rus' lan nglebokaké wewengkon Bulgaria wétan menyang kamaharajan. [[Gambar:Map Byzantine Empire 1025-en.svg|thumb|left|300px|Wewengkon kamaharajan di bawah pimpinan Basil II.]] Perlawanan Bulgaria kadadéan ing mangsa [[wangsa Cometopuli]]. Kaisar anyar [[Basil II]] (kuwasa 976–1025) ngupaya nundukaké bangsa Bulgaria. Ekspedisi kapisan Basil ngalami kawurungan ing [[Pertempuran Gerbang Trajanus|Gerbang Trajanus]]. Ing taun-taun sawusé, kaisar sibuk karo pemberontakan internal ing [[Anatolia]], sawatara Bulgaria ngambakaké kakuasaan dhèwèké ing Balkan. Perang kalangsungan suwéné mèh rong puluh taun. Kamenangan Romawi Wétan ing [[Pertempuran Spercheios|Spercheios]] lan [[Pertempuran Skopje|Skopje]] kasil nglemesaké wadya Bulgaria. Ing kampanye militèr tauné, Basil terus ngurangi jumlah bètèng Bulgaria. Akhiré, ing [[Pertempuran Kleidion]] taun 1014, Bulgaria kasil dikalahaké.<ref name="Angold">{{harvnb|Angold|1997}}.</ref> Wadya Bulgaria ditangkap, lan jaréné 99 saka 100 wadya diwutakaké, sauntara liyané diwènèhi siji mripat kanggo mimpin kanca sabangsané mulih. Wayah Tsar [[Samuel saka Bulgaria|Samuil]] ndeleng nasib tentarané, dhèwèké mati akibat syok. Ing taun 1018, bètèng Bulgaria pungkasan wus nyerah, lan nagarané dhèwèké dadi péranganing Romawi Wétan. Kamenangan iki ngréstorasi wates [[Donau]], kang ora dikuasani saka mangsa kaisar Heraklius.<ref name=Norwich /> ==== Hubungan karo Rus' Kiev ==== {{details|Perang Rus'–Romawi Timur}} [[Gambar:Царьград.jpg|thumb|right|165px|[[Rus' Kiev]] di bawah témbok Konstantinopel (860).]] Antarané taun 850 nganti 1100, kamaharajan mbina gayutan karo [[Rus' Kiev]]. Romawi Wétan ya iku kanca budaya lan pradagangan kanggo Kiev, nanging gayutan antarané dhèwèké ora mesthi guyub. Konflik paling serius antara kaloro nagara ya iku perang 968–971 ing Bulgaria. [[Perang Rus'-Romawi Wétan|Serangan-serangan Rus']] tumuju kutha-kutha Romawi Wétan ing pasisir [[Laut Hitam]] lan Konstantinopel uga kacathet ing sajarah. Sanadyan serangan-serangan mau bisa ditampék, serangan iku katutup kanthi [[Traktat Rus'-Romawi Timur|traktat dagang]] kang nguntungaké Rus'. Hubungan Rus'-Romawi Wétan dadi apik sawuse nikahé ''[[porfirogenita]]'' [[Anna Porfirogeneta|Anna]] karo [[Vladimir ingkang Agung]]. Amarga [[Kristenisasi Rus' Kiev|Kristenisasi]] uga, gayutan kaloro nagara saya raket. Pendheta, arsitèk, lan artis Romawi Wétan diundang kanggo mbiyantu pagawéan katedral lan gréja ing Rus', saéngga prabawa budaya Romawi Wétan saya amba. Pirang-pirang wadya Rus' dadi wadya bayaran ing angkatan perang Romawi Wétan, lan kang paling kaloka ya iku [[Penjaga Varangia]]. == Penjelasan == {{Reflist|group="n"}} ==Cathetan suku== {{reflist|30em}} == Réferénsi == === Sumber primèr === {{Refbegin|2}} * {{Cite book|last=Choniates|first=Nicetas|authorlink=Nicetas Choniates|title=Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European History by D.C. Munro (Series 1, Vol 3:1)|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|location=Philadelphia|pages=15–16|year=1912|chapter=The Sack of Constantinople (1204)}} * {{Cite book|last=Cinnamus|first=Ioannes|authorlink=John Kinnamos|title=Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus|url=http://books.google.com/?id=iJFFvsgNO-QC|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1976|isbn=0231040806}} * {{Cite book|author=Eusebius|authorlink=Eusebius of Caesaria|title=Life of Constantine (Book IV)|publisher=[[Christian Classics Ethereal Library]]|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iv.vi.i.i.html}} * {{Cite book|author=Geoffrey of Villehardouin|authorlink=Geoffrey of Villehardouin|title=Chronicles of the Crusades (translated by Margaret R. Shaw)|url=http://books.google.com/?id=c2kUYwCVYTAC|publisher=Penguin Classics|year=1963|isbn=0140441247|chapter=The Conquest of Constantinople}} * {{Cite book|author=Innocentius III|authorlink=Innocent III|title=Die Register Innocenz' III. 5: 5. Pontifikatsjahr, 1202/1203, Texte|editor=Othmar Hageneder, Christoph Egger, Karl Rudolf, and Andrea Sommerlechner|publisher=Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom|location=Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften|year=1993}} * {{Cite book|author=Innocent III|title=Die Register Innocenz' III. 6: 6. Pontifikatsjahr, 1202/1203, Texte|editor=Othmar Hageneder, John C. Moore Andrea Sommerlechner, Christoph Egger and Herwig Weigl|publisher=Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom|location=Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften|year=1995}} * {{Cite book|last=Komnene|first=Anna|authorlink=Anna Komnene|title=[[The Alexiad]] (translated by Elizabeth A. S. Dawes)|publisher=Internet Medieval Sourcebook|chapter=Books X-XIII|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/annacomnena-alexiad00.html#INTRODUCTION|year=1928|access-date=2016-09-07|archive-date=2020-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413122745/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/annacomnena-alexiad00.html#INTRODUCTION|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|author=Procopius|authorlink=Procopius|title=Secret History (translated by H. B. Dewing)|publisher=Loeb Classical Library|year=1935|url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Procopius/Anecdota/home.html}} {{Refend}} === Sumber sèkundèr === {{Refbegin|2}} * {{Cite journal|last=Adena|first=Louise|url=http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/The+Enduring+Legacy+of+Byzantium|title=The Enduring Legacy of Byzantium|journal=Clio History Journal|year=2008|access-date=2016-09-07|archive-date=2020-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413122722/http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/The+Enduring+Legacy+of+Byzantium|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|first=Agustí|last=Alemany|title=Sources on the Alans: A Critical Compilation|chapter=Byzantine Sources|publisher=BRILL|year=2000|url=http://books.google.com/?id=8bZ4c5oZpNAC|isbn=9004114424}} * {{Cite book|last=Ahrweiler|first=Hélène|last2=Laiou|first2=Angeliki E.|author1-link=Helene Ahrweiler|author2-link=Angeliki Laiou|title=Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire|chapter=Preface|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|year=1998|url=http://books.google.com/?id=ohFJD_QT3E8C|isbn=0884022471}} * {{Cite journal|last=Anastos|first=Milton V.|year=1962|title=The History of Byzantine Science. Report on the Dumbarton Oaks Symposium of 1961|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|issn=0070-7546|volume=16|pages=409–411|url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0070-7546(1962)16%3C409%3ATHOBSR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0|doi=10.2307/1291170|accessdate=2007-05-27|jstor=10.2307/1291170|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University}} * {{Cite journal|last=Angelov|first=Dimiter G.|date=February 2001|title=The Making of Byzantinism|pages=1–10|url=http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/kokkalis/GSW1/GSW1/01%20Angelov.pdf#cooliris|accessdate=2007-06-07}} * {{Cite book|last=Angold|first=Michael|title=The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1204: A Political History|url=http://books.google.com/?id=wWEbAAAAYAAJ|publisher=Longman|year=1997|isbn=9780582294684}} * {{Cite journal|last=Antonucci|first=Michael|date=February 1993|title=War by Other Means: The Legacy of Byzantium|journal=History Today|volume=43|issue=2|pages=11–13|issn=0018-2753|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb4706/is_199302/ai_n17277331|accessdate=2007-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225061518/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb4706/is_199302/ai_n17277331|archivedate=2007-12-25|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=Sophocles|first=Evangelinus Apostolides|title=Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine Periods|publisher=Georg Olms Verlag|year=1992|url=http://books.google.com/?id=0_DfQgAACAAJ|isbn=3487057654}} * {{Cite journal|last=Baynes|first=Norman H.|year=1912|title=The Restoration of the Cross at Jerusalem|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_english-historical-review_1912-04_27_106/page/287|doi=10.1093/ehr/XXVII.CVI.287|journal=The English Historical Review|volume=27|issue=106|issn=0013-8266|pages=287–299}} * {{Cite encyclopedia|last=Baynes|first=Spencer|title=Vlachs|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica: A Standard Work of Reference in Art, Literature, Science, History, Geography, Commerce, Biography, Discovery, and Invention|publisher=The Werner Company|year=1907|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nAwEAAAAYAAJ}} * {{Cite book|last=Beaton|first=Roderick|title=The Medieval Greek Romance|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|isbn=0415120322|url=http://books.google.com/?id=-90ewuAkZUsC|page=10}} * {{Cite book|last=Beckwith|first=John|title=Early Christian and Byzantine Art|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1986|isbn=0300052960|url=http://books.google.com/?id=1kSpN3Kfgc0C}} * {{Cite book|last=Benz|first=Ernst|year=1963|title=The Eastern Orthodox Church: Its Thought and Life|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Q5Z_evECb1UC|publisher=Aldine Transaction|isbn=9780202362984}} ([http://www.piar.hu/councils/ecum02.htm Excerpts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621225400/http://www.piar.hu/councils/ecum02.htm |date=2012-06-21 }}) * {{Cite book|last=Birkenmeier|first=John W.|title=The Development of the Komnenian Army: 1081–1180|url=http://books.google.com/?id=p8OOoGWRC2EC|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers|year=2002|isbn=9004117105|chapter=The Campaigns of Manuel I Komnenos}} * {{Cite book|last=Bray|first=R. S.|title=Armies of Pestilence: The Impact of Disease on History|url=http://books.google.com/?id=djPWGnvBm08C|publisher=James Clarke & Co|year=2004|isbn=022717240X|chapter=Justinian's Plague}} * {{Cite book|last=Browning|first=Robert|title=The Byzantine Empire|url=http://books.google.com/?id=qp8ocRg7r2sC|publisher=The Catholic University of America Press|year=1992|isbn=0813207541}} * {{Cite book|last=Bryce|first=James|title=Studies in History and Jurisprudence|publisher=H. Frowde|year=1901|chapter=Roman and British Empires|url=http://books.google.com/?id=ZGouAAAAIAAJ|isbn=1402190468}} * {{Cite book|last=Brooke|first=Zachary Nugent|title=A History of Europe, from 911 to 1198|url=http://books.google.com/?id=XcbFtlCfc4kC|publisher=Read Books|year=2008|isbn=1443740705|chapter=East and West:1155–1198}} * {{Cite book|last=Bury|first=John Bagnall|authorlink=J. B. Bury|title=History of the Later Roman Empire|publisher=Macmillan & Co|year=1923|url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/BURLAT/home.html|isbn=0790545446}} * {{Cite book|last1=Bury|first1=John Bagnall|last2=Philotheus|title=The Imperial Administrative System in the Ninth Century: With a Revised Text of Kletorologion of Philotheos|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZoBDAAAAIAAJ|publisher=Pub. for the British academy by H. Frowde|year=1911}} * {{Cite encyclopedia|title=Byzantine Art|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=2002}} * {{Cite encyclopedia|title=Byzantine Empire|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=2002}} * {{Cite encyclopedia|title=Byzantine Literature|encyclopedia=Catholic Encyclopedia|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03113a.htm|year=1908}} * {{Cite book|last=Campbell|first=George L.|title=Compendium of the World's Languages: Abaza to Kurdish|year=2000|url=http://books.google.com/?id=w6ena61S_tAC|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=0415202965}} * {{Cite journal|last=Cameron|first=Averil|year=1979|title=Images of Authority: Elites and Icons in Late Sixth-century Byzantium|doi=10.1093/past/84.1.3|journal=Past and Present|volume=84|page=3}} * {{Cite book|last=Cameron|first=Averil|title=The Byzantine and Islamic Early Near East I: Problems in the Literary Source Material|url=http://books.google.com/?id=A1ltAAAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Darwin Press|editor=Averil Cameron and Lawrence I. Conrad|chapter=New Themes and Styles in Greek Literature, 7th and 8th Centuries|isbn=0878500804}} * {{Cite book|last=Cameron|first=Averil|title=Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, A.D. 425–600|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Qf8mrHjfZRoC|year=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|editor=Averil Cameron, Bryan Ward-Perkins and Michael Whitby|chapter=The Vandal Conquest and Vandal Rule (A.D. 429–534)|isbn=0521325919}} * {{Cite book|last=Cameron|first=Averil|title=The Byzantines|url=http://books.google.bg/books?id=59c6PSa5JCAC|location=Athens|publisher=Psychogios Publications|year=2009|language=Greek [translated from the original by Giorgos Tzimas]|isbn=978-960-453-529-3}} * {{Cite book|last=Chrysos|first=Evangelos|title=Byzantine Diplomacy: Papers from the Twenty-Fourth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Cambridge, March 1990 (Society for the Promotion of Byzant)|url=http://books.google.com/?id=XUhoAAAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Variorum|isbn=0860783383|editor=Jonathan Shepard, Simon Franklin|chapter=Byzantine Diplomacy, AD 300–800: Means and End}} * {{Cite journal|last=Ciesniewski|first=Christine|title=The Byzantine Achievement|journal=Clio History Journal|url=http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/The+Byzantine+Achievement|year=2006|access-date=2016-09-07|archive-date=2020-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413122728/http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/The+Byzantine+Achievement|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=Cohen|first=H. Floris|title=The Scientific Revolution: A Historiographical Inquiry|url=http://books.google.com/?id=wu8b2NAqnb0C|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1994|isbn=0226112802|chapter=The Emergence of Early Modern Science}} * {{Cite book|last=Davies|first=Norman|authorlink=Norman Davies|title=Europe|year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0198201710|url=http://books.google.com/?id=jrVW9W9eiYMC|chapter=The Birth of Europe}} * {{Cite journal|last=Day|first=Gerald W.|title=Manuel and the Genoese: A Reappraisal of Byzantine Commercial Policy in the Late Twelfth Century|journal=The Journal of Economic History|volume=37|issue=2|pages=289–301|doi=10.1017/S0022050700096947|url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0507(197706)37:2%3C289:MATGAR%3E2.0.CO;2-W|accessdate=2007-09-22|date=June 1977}} * {{Cite book|last=Dennis|first=George T.|title=Three Byzantine Military Treatises (Volume 9)|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks, Research Library and Collection|year=1985|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=v0loAAAAMAAJ}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.roma.unisa.edu.au/07305/medmm.htm|title=Mathematics Through the Middle Ages (320–1660 AD)|accessdate=2008-04-01|last=Dickson|first=Paul|work=Medieval Mathematics|publisher=University of South Ostrali|archive-date=2008-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513152720/http://www.roma.unisa.edu.au/07305/medmm.htm|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite web|last=Diehl|first=Charles|title=Manuel I Comnenus (AD 1143–1180)|url=http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/diel.html|work=Byzantium, An Introduction to East Roman Civilization|publisher=Myriobiblos&nbsp;— Library|accessdate=2007-05-18}} * {{Cite book|last=El-Cheikh|first=Nadia Maria|title=Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs|url=http://books.google.com/?id=QC03pKNpfaoC|publisher=Harvard CMES|year=2004|isbn=0932885306}} * {{Cite book|last=Esler|first=Philip Francis|title=The Early Christian World|url=http://books.google.com/?id=ypGHPwAACAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0415333121|chapter=Constantine and the Empire}} * {{Cite web|last=Evans|first=James Allan|title=Justinian (AD 527–565)|url=http://www.roman-emperors.org/justinia.htm|publisher=Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors|accessdate=2007-05-19|archive-date=2020-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205190521/http://www.roman-emperors.org/justinia.htm|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite web|last=Fenner|first=Julian|title=To What Extent Were Economic Factors to Blame for the Deterioration of the Roman Empire in the Third Century A.D?|url=http://www.roman-empire.net/articles/article-018.html|publisher=The Romans|accessdate=2007-05-25|archive-date=2008-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618014226/http://www.roman-empire.net/articles/article-018.html|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=Fomenko|first=Anatoly T.|title=History: Fiction or Science?: Chronology, Issue 1|url=http://books.google.com/?id=ewC7PwAACAAJ|publisher=Mithec|year=2005|isbn=9782913621053}} * {{Cite journal|last=Foss|first=Clive|year=1975|title=The Persians in Asia Minor and the End of Antiquity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_english-historical-review_1975-07_90_356/page/n254|journal=The English Historical Review|volume=90|pages=721–747|doi=10.1093/ehr/XC.CCCLVII.721}} * {{Cite book|last1=Fossier|first1=Robert|last2=Sondheimer|first2=Janet|title=The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Middle Ages|url=http://books.google.com/?id=DvZbOBavZNgC|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1997|isbn=0521266440}} * {{Cite book|last1=Fouracre|first1=Paul|last2=Gerberding|first2=Richard A.|title=Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640-720|publisher=Manchester University Press ND|year=1996|isbn=0719047919|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uifpAAAAIAAJ}} * {{Cite book|last=Gabriel|first=Richard A.|year=2002|title=The Great Armies of Antiquity|url=http://books.google.com/?id=y1ngxn_xTOIC|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=0275978095}} * {{Cite book|last=Garland|first=Lynda|year=1999|title=Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, AD 527–1204|url=http://books.google.com/?id=AEy280AH9KQC|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0415146887}} * {{Cite book|last=Garland|first=Linda|title=Byzantine Women: Varieties of Experience 800–1200|year=2006|isbn=075465737X|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|chapter=Middle Byzantine Family Values and Anna Komnene's Alexiad}} * {{Cite book|last=Gibbon|first=Edward|authorlink=Edward Gibbon|title=The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Volumes II, III, and IX)|editor=J. B. Bury (with an Introduction by W. E. H. Lecky)|location=New York|publisher=Fred de Fau and Co.|year=1906|url=http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/Set.php?recordID=0214#vol01|access-date=2016-09-07|archive-date=2020-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413122852/http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/Set.php?recordID=0214#vol01|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=Grabar|first=André|title=L'iconoclasme Byzantin: le dossier archéologique|url=http://books.google.com/?id=E85vPQAACAAJ|publisher=Flammarion|year=1984|isbn=2080816349}} * {{Cite book|last=Grierson|first=Philip|title=Byzantine Coinage|year=1999|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|url=http://www.doaks.org/byzcoins.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000204/http://www.doaks.org/byzcoins.pdf|archivedate=2007-09-27|isbn=0884022749|format=PDF|access-date=2016-09-07|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=Gross|first=Feliks|title=Citizenship and Ethnicity: The Growth and Development of a Democratic Multiethnic Institution|url=http://books.google.com/?id=I6wM4X9UQ8QC|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=0313309329}} * {{Cite book|last=Gutas|first=Dimitri|title=Greek Thought, Arabic Culture: The Graeco-Arabic Translation Movement|year=1998|isbn=0415061326|url=http://books.google.com/?id=jKPhL5HVVQ8C|publisher=Routledge|location=London}} * {{Cite book|last1=Hacikyan|first1=Agop Jack|last2=Basmajian|first2=Gabriel|last3=Franchuk|first3=Edward S.|last4=Ouzounian|first4=Nourhan|title=The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the Sixth to the Eighteenth Century|publisher=Wayne State University Press|year=2002|isbn=0814330231|url=http://books.google.com/?id=2gZzD0N9Id8C}} * {{Cite book|last=Haldon|first=John|title=Byzantium: A History|url=http://books.google.com/?id=eycjAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Tempus|year=2002|isbn=140513240X}} * {{Cite book|last=Haldon|first=John|title=Byzantium in the Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture|url=http://books.google.com/?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1990|isbn=052131917X}} * {{Cite book|last=Haldon|first=John|title=Byzantium at War 600–1453|url=http://books.google.com/?id=TvJSjCsqn54C|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2003|isbn=0415968615}} * {{Cite book|last=Haldon|first=John|title=The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East VI: Elites Old and New in the Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East|year=2004|publisher=Darwin Press|editor=John Haldon and Lawrence I. Conrad|chapter=The Fate of the Late Roman Senatorial Elite: Extinction or Transformation?|url=http://books.google.com/?id=ylptAAAAMAAJ|isbn=0878501444}} * {{Cite web|last=Halsall|first=Paul|title=East Asian History Sourcebook: Chinese Accounts of Rome, Byzantium and the Middle East, c. 91 B.C.E. – 1643 C.E.|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/eastasia/romchin1.html|publisher=Fordham University|year=2006|accessdate=2007-04-15|archive-date=2014-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910050947/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/eastasia/romchin1.html|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Jonathan|title=Byzantium and the Crusades|url=http://books.google.com/?id=oK9mAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Hambledon and London|year=2003|isbn=1852852984}} * {{Cite book|last=Harvey|first=Alan|title=Economic Expansion in the Byzantine Empire, 900–1200|url=http://books.google.com/?id=wjnea3qdPx8C|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn=0521521904}} * {{Cite encyclopedia|title=Hellas, Byzantium|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia The Helios|language=Greek|year=1952}} * {{Cite book|last=Herrin|first=Judith|title=Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire|url=http://books.google.com/?id=9fRpAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2008|isbn=0691131511}} * {{Cite encyclopedia|title=Greece during the Byzantine period (c. AD 300–c. 1453), Population and languages, Emerging Greek identity|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=2008|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-26400/history-of-Greece}} * {{Cite book|author=Hidryma Meletōn Chersonēsou tou Haimou|title=Balkan Studies: Biannual Publication of the Institute for Balkan Studies, Volume 14|url=http://books.google.com/?id=5G08AAAAIAAJ|publisher=The Institute|location=Thessalonikē, Greece|year=1973}} * {{Cite book|last=Hindley|first=Geoffrey|title=A Brief History of the Crusades|url=http://books.google.com/?id=_Z8fNAAACAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Robinson|location=London|isbn=9781841197661}} * {{Cite web|title=The Byzantine Empire|last=Hooker|first=Richard|url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MA/BYZ.HTM|accessdate=2007-06-07|archive-date=2007-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626214253/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MA/BYZ.HTM|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=James|first=Liz|title=A Companion to Byzantium|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|year=2010|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=d1Mt-t-bgzoC|isbn=140512654X}} * {{Cite book|last=Jenkins|first=Romilly|title=Byzantium: The Imperial Centuries, AD 610–1071|url=http://books.google.com/?id=O5JqH_NXQBsC|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=1987|isbn=0802066674|edition=Heraclius}} * {{Cite book|last=Jones|first=Arnold Hugh Martin|title=The Later Roman Empire, 284–602: A Social Economic and Administrative Survey|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|url=http://books.google.com/?id=IiLtO4ZvTdEC|year=1986|isbn=0801833531}} * {{Cite encyclopedia|title=John II Komnenos|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=2002}} * {{Cite book|last=Kaegi|first=Walter Emil|title=Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium|url=https://archive.org/details/heracliusemperor0000kaeg|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge|isbn=0521814596}} * {{Cite book|last=Kaldellis|first=Anthony|title=Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition|year=2008|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0521876885|url=http://books.google.com/?id=iWs0Lh57NvwC}} * {{Cite journal|last=Karlin-Heyer|first=P.|date=February 1967|title=When Military Affairs Were in Leo's Hands|journal=Tradition|volume=23|pages=15–40|jstor=27830825}} * {{Cite book|editor-first=Alexander|editor-last=Kazhdan|title=[[Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1991|isbn=9780195046526}} * {{Cite book|last=Kean|first=Roger Michael|title=Forgotten Power: Byzantium: Bulwark of Christianity|url=http://books.google.com/?id=gq_VNwAACAAJ|publisher=Thalamus|year=2006|isbn=1902886070}} * {{Cite journal|title=Reviews: ''The Astronomical Works of Gregory Chioniades, Volume I: The Zij al-Ala'i'' by Gregory Chioniades, David Pingree; ''An Eleventh-Century Manual of Arabo-Byzantine Astronomy'' by Alexander Jones|first=David A.|last=King|journal=[[Isis (journal)|Isis]]|volume=82|issue=1|date=March 1991|pages=116–118|doi=10.1086/355661}} * {{Cite book|last=Kitzinger|first=Ernst|title=The Art of Byzantium and the Medieval West: Selected Studies|url=http://books.google.com/?id=r6GfAAAAMAAJ|year=1976|publisher=Indiana University|editor=W. E. Kleinbauer|chapter=Byzantine Art in the Period between Justinian and Iconoclasm|isbn=0253310555}} * {{Cite book|last=Kountoura-Galake|first=Eleonora|title=The Byzantine Clergy and the Society of "Dark Ages"|url=http://books.google.com/?id=RSFoQgAACAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Institute of Byzantine Research|isbn=9789607094469|language=Greek}} * {{Cite book|last=Laiou|first=Angeliki E.|authorlink=Angeliki Laiou|title=The Economic History of Byzantium (Volume 2)|year=2002|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|editor=Angeliki E. Laiou|chapter=Exchange and Trade, Seventh-Twelfth Centuries|url=http://www.doaks.org/publications/doaks_online_publications/EconHist/EHB36.pdf|access-date=2016-09-07|archive-date=2011-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608021424/http://www.doaks.org/publications/doaks_online_publications/EconHist/EHB36.pdf|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=Laiou|first=Angeliki E.|title=The Economic History of Byzantium (Volume 1)|year=2002|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|editor=Angeliki E. Laiou|chapter=Writing the Economic History of Byzantium|url=http://www.doaks.org/publications/doaks_online_publications/EHB.html|access-date=2016-09-07|archive-date=2012-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218231151/http://www.doaks.org/publications/doaks_online_publications/EHB.html|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last1=Lapidge|first1=Michael|last2=Blair|first2=John|last3=Keynes|first3=Simon|url=http://books.google.com/?id=f65VUNvxQjkC|title=The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England|year=1998|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|isbn=0631224920}} * {{Cite book|last=Louth|first=Andrew|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History (Volume I)|editor=Paul Fouracre and Rosamond McKitterick|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2005|isbn=0521362911|chapter=The Byzantine Empire in the Seventh Century}} * {{Cite web|title=The Seljuqs of Rum|last=Lowe|first=Steven|author2=Baker, Martin|url=http://www.geocities.com/egfroth1/Seljuqs.htm|accessdate=2007-07-09|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/egfroth1/Seljuqs.htm&date=2007-07-22+04:56:02|archivedate=2007-07-22}} * {{Cite book|last=Madden|first=Thomas F.|authorlink=Thomas Madden|title=Crusades: The Illustrated History|url=http://books.google.com/?id=5eudAAAACAAJ|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=2005|isbn=0472031279}} * {{Cite book|last=Magdalino|first=Paul|title=The Economic History of Byzantium (Volume 2)|year=2002|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|editor=Angeliki E. Laiou|chapter=Medieval Constantinople: Built Environment and Urban Development|url=http://www.doaks.org/publications/doaks_online_publications/EconHist/EHB20.pdf|access-date=2016-09-07|archive-date=2010-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709233539/http://www.doaks.org/publications/doaks_online_publications/EconHist/EHB20.pdf|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=Magdalino|first=Paul|title=The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143–1180|url=http://books.google.com/?id=0cWZvqp7q18C|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|isbn=0521526531}} * {{Cite book|last=Mango|first=Cyril A.|authorlink=Cyril Mango|title=Byzantium: The Empire of the New Rome|url=http://books.google.com/?id=oz1KPgAACAAJ|publisher=Phoenix Press|year=2005|isbn=1898800448}} * {{Cite book|last=Mango|first=Cyril A.|authorlink=Cyril Mango|title=The Oxford History of Byzantium|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Z6-kHUyyUIsC|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2002|isbn=0198140983}} * {{Cite web|title=The Battle of Manzikert: Military Disaster or Political Failure?|last=Markham|first=Paul|url=http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/articles/markham.htm|accessdate=2007-05-19|archive-date=2007-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513082203/http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/articles/markham.htm|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=Matschke|first=Klaus-Peter|title=The Economic History of Byzantium (Volume 2)|year=2002|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|editor=Angeliki E. Laiou|chapter=Commerce, Trade, Markets, and Money: Thirteenth-Fifteenth Centuries|url=http://www.doaks.org/publications/doaks_online_publications/EconHist/EHB37.pdf|access-date=2016-09-07|archive-date=2010-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709232944/http://www.doaks.org/publications/doaks_online_publications/EconHist/EHB37.pdf|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=McDonnell|first=Myles Anthony|title=Roman Manliness: Virtus and the Roman Republic|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|chapter=Hellenization and Arete: Semantic Borrowing|url=http://books.google.com/?id=v2vefi2_ojYC|isbn=9780521827881}} * {{Cite book|last=Meyendorff|first=John|authorlink=John Meyendorff|title=The Byzantine Legacy in the Orthodox Church|url=http://books.google.com/?id=9HQ3YU9SAG8C|year=1982|publisher=St Vladimir's Seminary Press|isbn=0913836907}} * {{Cite book|last=Millar|first=Fergus|title=A Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief under Theodosius II (408–450)|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Q9ViwFWgyBYC|publisher=University of California Press|year=2006|isbn=0520247035}} * {{Cite book|last=Moravcsik|first=Gyula|url=http://books.google.com/?id=URm4AAAAIAAJ|title=Byzantium and the Magyars|year=1970|publisher=Hakkert}} * {{Cite book|last=Mousourakis|first=George|title=The Historical and Institutional Context of Roman Law|url=http://books.google.com/?id=2MqfUsMiDbYC|year=2003|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=0754621146|chapter=The Dominate}} * {{Cite web|last=Nathan|first=Geoffrey S.|title=Roman Emperors: Theodosius II|url=http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo2.htm|accessdate=2007-01-10|archive-date=2020-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413123203/http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo2.htm|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite journal|last=Neumann|first=Iver B.|date=August 2006|title=Sublime Diplomacy: Byzantine, Early Modern, Contemporary|journal=Millennium: Journal of International Studies|volume=34|issue=3|pages=865–888|issn=1569-2981|url=http://www.clingendael.nl/publications/2005/20051200_cli_paper_dip_issue102.pdf|accessdate=2007-05-21|format=PDF|archive-date=2007-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614070842/http://www.clingendael.nl/publications/2005/20051200_cli_paper_dip_issue102.pdf|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=Neubecker|first=Ottfried|title=Heraldry: Sources, Symbols and Meaning|url=http://books.google.com/?id=OMewHAAACAAJ|publisher=Time Warner Books UK|year=1997|isbn=0316641413}} * {{Cite book|last=Neville|first=Leonora Alice|title=Authority in Byzantine Provincial Society, 950–1100|url=http://books.google.com/?id=58NZP7t7mzMC|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|chapter=Imperial Administration and Byzantine Political Culture|isbn=0521838657}} * {{Cite book|last=Nicol|first=Donald MacGillivray|title=The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453|url=http://books.google.com/?id=y2d6OHLqwEsC|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1993|isbn=0521439914}} * {{Cite book|last=Norwich|first=John Julius|title=A Short History of Byzantium|url=http://books.google.com/?id=5rOePwAACAAJ|publisher=Penguin|year=1998|isbn=9780140259605}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{Cite book|last=Obolensky|first=Dimitri|authorlink=Dimitri Obolensky|title=Byzantium and the Slavs|url=http://books.google.com/?id=jv6jcwjW9WUC|year=1994|publisher=St Vladimir's Seminary Press|isbn=088141008X|chapter=The Principles and Methods of Byzantine Diplomacy}} * {{Cite book|last=Ostrogorsky|first=Georg|authorlink=George Alexandrovič Ostrogorsky|title=History of the Byzantine State|url=http://books.google.com/?id=PjMts15kLz0C|publisher=New Brunswick (NJ)|year=1969|isbn=0813511984}} * {{Cite book|last1=Paparrigopoulos|first1=Constantine|authorlink=Constantine Paparrigopoulos|last2=Karolidis|first2=Pavlos|title=History of the Hellenic Nation (Volume Db)|publisher=Eleftheroudakis|language=Greek|year=1925}} * {{Cite book|last=Parry|first=Kenneth|title=Depicting the Word: Byzantine Iconophile Thought of the Eighth and Ninth Centuries|url=http://books.google.com/?id=BFrjJ7nMQmwC|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers|year=1996|isbn=9004105026|chapter=Historical Introduction}} * {{Cite book|last1=Postan|first1=Michael Moïssey|last2=Miller|first2=Edward|last3=Postan|first3=Cynthia|title=The Cambridge Economic History of Europe (Volume 2)|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1987|isbn=0521087090|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nDwp8n62nTwC}} * {{Cite book|last=Read|first=Piers Paul|authorlink=Piers Paul Read|title=The Templars: The Dramatic History of the Knights Templar, The Most Powerful Military Order of the Crusades|url=http://books.google.com/?id=M2CBuWV_8g4C|publisher=Macmillan|year=2000|isbn=0312266588}} * {{Cite book|last=Reinert|first=Stephen W.|editor=Cyril Mango|title=The Oxford History of Byzantium|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Z6-kHUyyUIsC|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2002|isbn=0198140983|chapter=Fragmentation (1204–1453)}} * {{Cite book|last=Robins|first=Robert Henry|title=The Byzantine Grammarians: Their Place in History|url=http://books.google.com/?id=hTZHbNmFfpsC|year=1993|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=3110135744}} * {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|authorlink=Steven Runciman|title=The Medieval Manichee: A Study of the Christian Dualist Heresy|url=http://books.google.com/?id=d1LGB7u5iD0C|year=1982|isbn=0521289262|publisher=Cambridge University Press|chapter=The Bogomils}} * {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|title=The Fall of Constantinople, 1453|url=http://books.google.com/?id=BAzntP0lg58C|year=1990|isbn=0521398320|publisher=Cambridge University Press}} * {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|title=The Last Byzantine Renaissance|url=http://books.google.com/?id=I52YPQAACAAJ|publisher=University Press|location=Cambridge, England|year=1970|isbn=0521077877}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{Cite book|last=Ryan|first=Herbert J.|title=The College Student's Introduction to Theology|url=http://books.google.com/?id=o6lCBkY2zs4C|year=1993|isbn=0814658415|publisher=Liturgical Press|chapter=The Church in History|editors=Christopher Key Chapple and Thomas P. Rausch}} * {{Cite web|last=Saramandru|first=Nicolae|title=Torna, Torna Fratre|url=http://www.ear.ro/3brevist/rv8/art14.pdf|publisher=Editura Academiei Române|language=Romanian|accessdate=2007-04-25|format=PDF|archive-date=2007-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927044931/http://www.ear.ro/3brevist/rv8/art14.pdf|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last=Sedlar|first=Jean W.|title=East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500|url=http://books.google.com/?id=ANdbpi1WAIQC|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=1994|isbn=0295972904|chapter=Foreign Affairs}} * {{Cite book|last=Seeck|first=Otto|title=Notitia Dignitatum accedunt Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae Laterculi Prouinciarum|location=Berlin, Germany|publisher=Apud Weidmannos|year=1876}} * {{Cite book|last=Seton-Watson|first=Hugh|title=The Russian Empire, 1801–1917|url=http://books.google.com/?id=40KbWNve4XkC|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1967|isbn=0198221525|chapter=The Church}} * {{Cite journal|last=Shahid|first=Irfan|title=The Iranian factor in Byzantium during the reign of Heraclius|year=1972|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=26|pages=293–320|doi=10.2307/1291324|url=http://jstor.org/stable/1291324|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University}} * {{Cite book|last=Shopen|first=Timothy|title=Languages and Their Status|url=http://books.google.com/?id=zIJu4xAFcIwC|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=1987|isbn=0812212495}} * {{Cite book|last=Speck|first=Paul|title=Varia 1 (Poikila Byzantina 4)|year=1984|publisher=Rudolf Halbelt|chapter=Ikonoklasmus und die Anfänge der Makedonischen Renaissance|pages=175–210}} * {{Cite web|last=Stone|first=Andrew|title=John II Komnenos (AD 1118–1143)|url=http://www.roman-emperors.org/johncomn.htm|publisher=Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors|accessdate=2007-05-18|archive-date=2017-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929180453/http://www.roman-emperors.org/johncomn.htm|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite web|last=Stone|first=Andrew|title=Manuel I Komnenos (AD 1143–1180)|url=http://www.roman-emperors.org/mannycom.htm|publisher=Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors|accessdate=2007-02-05|archive-date=2003-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031005080832/http://www.roman-emperors.org/mannycom.htm|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite encyclopedia|title=Siege of Zara|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Concise|url=http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9383275/Siege-of-Zara|accessdate=2007-05-18|archive-date=2007-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706062040/http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9383275/Siege-of-Zara|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|last1=Tarasov|first1=Oleg|last2=Milner-Gulland|first2=R. R.|title=Icon and Devotion: Sacred Spaces in Imperial Russia|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Oy_TVfi47gcC|publisher=Reaktion Books|year=2004|isbn=1861891180}} * {{Cite book|last1=Tatakes|first1=Vasileios N.|last2=Moutafakis|first2=Nicholas J.|title=Byzantine Philosophy|url=http://books.google.com/?id=lPzcOwnCgVIC|year=2003|publisher=Hackett Publishing|isbn=0872205630}} * {{Cite encyclopedia|title=The Fourth Crusade and the Latin Empire of Constantinople|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=2002}} * {{Cite book|last=Treadgold|first=Warren|title=Byzantium and Its Army, 284–1081|url=http://books.google.com/?id=u-BrQgAACAAJ|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=1995|isbn=0804724202|chapter=The Army and the State}} * {{Cite book|last=Treadgold|first=Warren|title=A History of the Byzantine State and Society|url=http://books.google.com/?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=1997|isbn=0804726302}} * {{Cite book|last=Treadgold|first=Warren|title=The Byzantine Revival, 780–842|publisher=Stanford University Press|url=http://books.google.com/?id=KZ6gPwAACAAJ|year=1991|isbn=0804718962}} * {{Cite book|last=Troianos|first=Spyros|last2=Velissaropoulou-Karakosta|first2=Julia|title=History of Law|url=http://books.google.com/?id=8Fo2AAAACAAJ|publisher=Ant. N. Sakkoulas Publishers|year=1997|isbn=9602325941|chapter=Byzantine Law}} * {{Cite book|last=University of Chile: Center of Byzantine and Neohellenic Studies|title=Bizantion Nea Hellas (Issue 2)|publisher=University Press|year=1971|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=73ViAAAAMAAJ}} * {{Cite book|last=Vasiliev|first=Alexander Alexandrovich|authorlink=Alexander Vasiliev|title=History of the Byzantine Empire|year=1928–1935|url=http://www.intratext.com/X/ENG0832.HTM|chapter=Byzantium and the Crusades|isbn=0299809250}} * {{Cite book|last=Versteegh|first=Cornelis H. M.|title=Greek Elements in Arabic Linguistic Thinking|year=1977|url=http://books.google.com/?id=-4MeAAAAIAAJ|isbn=9004048553|chapter=The First Contact with Greek Grammar|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden}} * {{Cite book|last=Watson|first=Bruce|title=Sieges: A Comparative Study|url=http://books.google.com/?id=cVet6ieBFv8C|year=1993|publisher=Praeger/Greenwood|isbn=0275940349|chapter=Jerusalem 1099}} * {{Cite book|last=Wells|first=H. G.|authorlink=H. G. Wells|title=A Short History of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofwo00welluoft|publisher=Macmillan|year=1922|location=New York, New York|isbn=0064926745}} * {{Cite book|last=Wickham|first=Chris|title=The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000|publisher=Viking|year=2009|isbn=0670020982|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=LKq_PQAACAAJ}} * {{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Stephen|last2=Friell|first2=Gerard|last3=Friell|first3=John Gerard Paul|title=The Rome that Did Not Fall: The Survival of the East in the Fifth Century|url=http://books.google.com/?id=tGLN47tfT4UC|year=1999|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0415154030|chapter=Jerusalem 1099}} * {{Cite book|last1=Winnifrith|first1=Tom|last2=Murray|first2=Penelope|title=Greece Old and New|url=http://books.google.com/?id=1JgcAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=0333278364}} * {{Cite book|last=Wroth|first=Warwick|title=Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum|year=1908|publisher=British Museum Dept. of Coins and Medals|url=http://books.google.com/?id=AmoCAAAAYAAJ|isbn=1402189540}} {{Refend}} == Bacaan lanjut == <div class="references-small"> * {{Cite book|last=Ahrweiler|first=Helene|title=Les Europeens|publisher=Herman|location=Paris|year=2000}} * {{Cite book|last=Haldon|first=John|title=The Byzantine Wars: Battles and Campaigns of the Byzantine Era|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantinewarsbat0000john|year=2001|isbn=0752417959|publisher=Tempus Publishing|location=Stroud}} * {{Cite book|last=Hussey|first=J. M.|title=The Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV&nbsp;— The Byzantine Empire Part I, Byzantium and its Neighbors|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1966}} * {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|authorlink=Steven Runciman|title=Byzantine Civilisation|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantinecivilis0000stev_t2y7|publisher=Edward Arnold (Publishers)|year=1966|isbn=1566195748}} * {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|title=The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and his Reign|publisher=University Press (Cambridge)|year=1990|isbn=0521061644}} * {{Cite book|last=Toynbee|first=Arnold J.|title=Constantine Porphyrogenitus and His World|url=https://archive.org/details/constantineporph0000toyn|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1972|id=ISBN 0-19-215253-X|isbn=019215253X}} </div> == Pranala njaba == {{Commons|Byzantine Empire|Kakaisaran Byzantium}} === Studi, sumber, lan bibliografi Byzantium === * Adena, L. "[http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/The+Enduring+Legacy+of+Byzantium The Enduring Legacy of Byzantium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413122722/http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/The+Enduring+Legacy+of+Byzantium |date=2020-04-13 }}", ''Clio History Journal'', 2008. * Ciesniewski, C. "[http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/The+Byzantine+Achievement The Byzantine Achievement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413122728/http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/The+Byzantine+Achievement |date=2020-04-13 }}", ''Clio History Journal'', 2006. * Fox, Clinton R. [http://www.romanity.org/htm/fox.01.en.what_if_anything_is_a_byzantine.01.htm What, If Anything, Is a Byzantine? (Ensiklopedia Kaisar-kaisar Romawi Daring)] * [http://www.third-millennium-library.com/MedievalHistory/Cambridge/IV/Eastern-Door.html The Cambridge Medieval History (IV) The Eastern Roman Empire (717–1453)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127205009/http://www.third-millennium-library.com/MedievalHistory/Cambridge/IV/Eastern-Door.html |date=2010-11-27 }}. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080410123427/http://www.doaks.org/Byzantine.html Halaman studi Bizantium] di [[Dumbarton Oaks]]. Meliputi pranala ke beberapa tèks elektronik. * [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/ Byzantium: Byzantine Studies on the Internet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008060507/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/ |date=2014-10-08 }}. Pranala ke berbagai sumber daring. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20021021181126/http://homepage.mac.com/paulstephenson/trans.html Translated Excerpts from Byzantine Sources: The Imperial Centuries, c. 700-1204]. Sumber daring. * [http://www.deremilitari.org/ De Re Militari]. Sumber-sumber untuk sajarah abad pertengahan, meliputi beberapa sumber pertalan mengenai peperangan Bizantium. * [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1c.html Medieval Sourcebook: Byzantium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814170022/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1c.html |date=2014-08-14 }}. Beberapa sumber primer mengenai sajarah Romawi Timur. * [http://www.univie.ac.at/byzantine/ Bibliography on Byzantine Material Culture and Daily Life]. Di''host'' olèh [[Universitas Wina]]; dalam bahasa Inggris. * [http://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/greek-texts/greek-resources-constantinople.asp Constantinople Home Page]. Pranala ke tèks, gambar, dan video tentang Bizantium. * [http://graal.org.ua/en/theodoro-principality Bizantium di Krimea: Sejarah Politik, Seni, dan Budaya]. * [http://www.oeaw.ac.at/byzanz/ Institute for Byzantine Studies of the Austrian Academy of Sciences] === Liyané === * [http://www.romanemperors.org/startup.htm De Imperatoribus Romanis]{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Biografi ilmiah kaisar-kaisar Bizantium. * [http://rutube.ru/tracks/639717.html?v=8a96fcfe7400898167971e4d057e86a2 Jatuhnya Kekaisaran. Pelajaran Bizantium (2007). (Russian: Гибель империи. Византийский урок)] Film yang menjelaskan mengapa Romawi Timur tiba dari sudut pandang pulitik dan ékonomi, difilemkan olèh Gréja Ortodoks Ruslan. * [http://www.anders.com/lectures/lars_brownworth/12_byzantine_rulers/ 12 Penguasa Bizantium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718092221/http://anders.com/lectures/lars_brownworth/12_byzantine_rulers/ |date=2016-07-18 }} olèh Lars Brownworth dari [[The Stony Brook School]]; sesorah audio. [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/31/education/31education.html ulasan NYTimes]. * [http://www.cit.gu.edu.au/~s285238/Roman/RomanEmpire.html 18 abad Kekaisaran Romawi oleh Howard Wiseman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090928094312/http://www.cit.gu.edu.au/~s285238/Roman/RomanEmpire.html |date=2009-09-28 }} (Peta-peta Romawi/Bizantium selama keberadaannya) {{Empires}} [[Kategori:Kakaisaran Byzantine|*]] n1xa186usamsfixdf6xartd1bd06la2 Kodhak 0 92020 1760176 1727881 2026-11-06T06:07:57Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760176 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Old cameras.jpg|thumb|250px|Gambar-gambar kodhak.]] '''Kodhak''' inggih punika pranti kanggé ngrekam bayangan ingkang kawujadaken saking [[cahya]] ingkang katingalan utawi panyinaran elektromagnetis sanès.<ref name="internet 1"/> Kodhak punika dipun-ginakaken kanggé kagiyatan [[fotografi]]. Nama kodhak punika asalipun saking camera obscura, ateges “papan ingkang peteng”. Pérangan-pérangan wonten ing kodhak inggih punika lensa cembung (lensa objektif), diafragma wonten ing antawis lensa punika ingkang ginanipun kanggé ngatur ambanipun lensa saéngga saged nglajengaken cahya ingkang mlebet, pérangan salajengipun inggih pelat filem negative.<ref name="internet 1"/> Rekaman wonten ing kodhak punika saged awujud cuwèran [[kimia]] umpaminipun gambar [[foto]] utawi sinyal elektrik umpaminipun kodhak TV.<ref name="internet 1"/> Prosès dalanipun cahya inggih punika lensa objektif ingkang gadah mupangat kanggé ndamel bayangan nyata punika dipuncilikake, lan diwalik wonten pelat peka cahya. Kangge ndamel bayangan ingkang saé lan terang jarak bayangan kedah dipunatur kanthi nggeser lensa wonten njawi utawa njero. Kangge ngatur cahya dipun-ginakaken diafragma. Pelat potret (filem) dipun-ginakaken kanggé babagan kaca utawa seluloid ingkang dilapisi gelatin lan pérak bromide, ingkang ngasilakhen gambar négatif. Lajeng Nyetakaken gambar négatif punika wonten ing kertas filem (kertas peka), saéngga mbentuk gambar positif.<ref name="internet 1">[http://id.shvoong.com/exact-sciences/physics/2118354-pengertian-kamera/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615093152/http://id.shvoong.com/exact-sciences/physics/2118354-pengertian-kamera/ |date=2012-06-15 }}(diakses tanggal 29 September 2012)</ref> Merek-merek kodhak ingkang langkung kondhang wonten ing jaman sapunika inggih Canon, kodhak Sony, Olympus, dll. == Sajarah Kodhak == Kodhak punika asalipun saking piranti ingkang sami ingkang dipunkenal kaliyan Kodhak Obsurcura.<ref name="internet 2"/> Kodhak punika awujud kotak kodhak ingkang dèrèng dipunjangkepi kaliyan filem kanggé nangkep gambar utawi bayanganipun.<ref name="internet 2"/> Wonten ing abad 16 Girolamo Cardano njangkepi kodhak obscura kaliyan lensa wonten ing ngajeng kodhak obsurcura. Nanging bayangan ingkang dipunkhasilake boten tahan dangu, saéngga boten kagolong panemuan dunya fotografi. Wonten ing taun 1826, Joseph Nicepore Niepce mamerake gambar saking bayangan ingkang dipunkhasilaken kaliyan kameranipun. Lajeng wonten ing taun 1839 Louis Daguerre mamerake gambar ingkang idpuntemuake awujud gambar bayangan dalan ing Paris. Kodhak daguerreotype lajeng tumuwuh dumados sapunika.<ref name="internet 2">[http://ifey.info/sejarah-kamera.html/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916115534/http://ifey.info/sejarah-kamera.html |date=2012-09-16 }}(diakses tanggal 29 September 2012)</ref> == Pérangan-Peranganipun Kodhak == '''Badan kodhak''' Papan ingkang kedap cahya nanging namung salah satunggaling papan ingkang dumados dalan mlebetipun cahya. Sasampunipun ngliwati badan kodhak cahya punika difokuskan kaliyan lensa supados saged mbakar filem. Wonten ing badan kodhak punika wonten tombol-tombol pengatur: • Aperature (ingkang ngatur diafragma) • Shutter speed • Blitz • Tripod • Lighmeter • Pengaturan ISO/ASA Film.<ref name="internet 3"/> '''Sistem Lensa''' Wonten ing kodhak punika, sistem lensa limrahipun wonten ing ngajeng kotak. Sistem lensa punika kadadosan saking lensa tunggal saking bahan plastik utawi kaca.<ref name="internet 3"/> '''Pemantik Potret''' Tombol punika wonten ing wingking lensa.<ref name="internet 3"/> == Jinising Film == '''Jinisning filem andhedhasar ukuranipun''' • Small format (35mm) • Medium format (100-120mm) • Large format.<ref name="internet 3"/> '''Jinising Film andhedhasar jinisng bahan lan sensitifitasipun''' Film ireng putih Film warna Film positif Film négatif Film daylight Film tungsten Film infra merah.<ref name="internet 3"/> == Jinising Kodhak == '''Jinising Kodhak Miturut Lensa''' '''Lensa sudut gedhé''' Kodhak jinising punika gadhah jarak fokus ingkang langkung alit. Lensa ngginakaken filem 35 milimeter ingkang dipunsebat lensa sudut besar, manawi 135 milimeter dipunsebat lensa telefoto.<ref name="internet 3">[http://www.anneahira.com/mengenal-kamera.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905204150/http://www.anneahira.com/mengenal-kamera.htm |date=2012-09-05 }}(diakses tangga 1 Oktober 2012)</ref> '''Lensa Sudut Alit''' Kodhak punika gadhah jarak fokus ingkang paling ageng antawis katiga jinising kodhak punika.<ref name="internet 3"/> '''Kodhak variabel''' Kodhak jinising punika gadhah jarak fokus ingkang saged dipunowah-owahi, jumbuh kaliyan kebetahan.<ref name="internet 3"/> '''Jinising kodhak Andhedhasar mekanisme kerja''' '''Kodhak Single Lens Reflect''' Kodhak punika gadhah cermin datar ingkang wonten ing wingking lensa. Saéngga punapa kemawon objek ingkang dipunsawang déning pemotret inggih sami kaliyan punapa ingkang dipuntangkap déning filem.<ref name="internet 3"/> '''Kodhak instan''' Kodhak punika gadhah mekanisme otomatik andhedhasar pengukur cahya. Ambanipun diafragma lan cepetipun pemetik potret dipunatur kanthi otomatis.<ref name="internet 3"/> '''Jinising kodhak andhedhasar tèknologi viewfinder''' '''Kodhak saku''' Kodhak punika kagolong jinisng kodhak mayoritas (hampir 90%) wonten ing tangan konsumen. Leres kaliyan namanipun, kodhak punika gadhah ukuran ingkang alit lan nyata saged mlebet saku wonten ing agemanipun panjenengan.<ref name="internet 4">[http://belajarfotografi.com/mengenal-jenis-kamera-digital-saku-superzoom-dan-slr/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203110628/http://belajarfotografi.com/mengenal-jenis-kamera-digital-saku-superzoom-dan-slr/ |date=2011-12-03 }}(diakses tangga 2 Oktober 2012)</ref> '''Kodhak TLR''' '''Kodhak SLR (Single Lens Reflect)''' SLR punika inggih Single lens reflex. Jinising kodhak punika inggih jinisng kodhak ingkang saged ngintip obyek foto migunakaken lensa. Kodhak punika boten muat wonten ing sakunipun panjenengan lan reganipun radi larang. Nanging kualitas kodhak punika kagolong saé sanget.<ref name="internet 4"/> '''Jinisng kodhak andhedhasar médhia penangkap cahya Kodhak filem''' '''Kodhak polaroid''' '''Kodhak digital''' == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Kodhak]] [[Kategori:Fotografi]] {{Stub}} 052re3zrps6vov2sx3l9yu8wy8egyp4 Déterjèn 0 92029 1759921 1675670 2026-11-05T15:51:27Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759921 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Detergent.jpg|250px|thumb|right|'''Detergen]] '''Déterjèn''' iku salah sijinè pembersih, sing di wujud saka bahan-bahan turunanè [[lenga bumi]].<ref name="detergen1"/> Katimbang [[sabun]], détergèn duwèni kaluwihan yaiku daya umbahe luwih apik lan ora prabawa saka sadahè [[banyu]].<ref name="detergen1">[http://www.chem-is-try.org/materi_kimia/kimia-smk/kelas_xi/definisi-detergen/ Sejarah Deterjen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017141322/http://www.chem-is-try.org/materi_kimia/kimia-smk/kelas_xi/definisi-detergen/ |date=2012-10-17 }}(Dipunundhuh tanggal 29 September 2012)</ref> == Sajarah Déterjèn == Déterjèn kapisan ana ing taun 1940-an, yaiku uyah [[natrium]] saka alkyl hydrogén sulfat.<ref name="detergen1"/> [[Alkohol]] rantai dawa di gawé saka penghidrogènan [[lemak]] lan [[lenga]].<ref name="detergen1"/> [[Alkohol]] rantai dawa iki diréaksino karo [[asem sulfat]] lan ngasilakè alkyl hydrogen sulfat sing di nétralno karo [[basa]].<ref name="detergen1"/> [[Natrium]] lauril sulfat détergèn kurang apik, amarga uyahé dumadi saka asem kuat lan nètral. Uyah [[kalsium]] lan [[magnesium]] ora ngéndép ning jéro larutan, saéngga bisa nganggo [[banyu]] lunak utawa banyu sadah.<ref name="detergen1"/> Ing jaman saiki, bahan sing di enggo yaiku alkil benzenasulfonat rantai lurus. Cara gawénè ana 3 tahap, yaiku Alkèna rantai lurus sing jumlah karbonè 14-14 direaksino karo bènzèna lan katalis Friedel-Craft (AlCl3 atau HF) lan dumadi alkil benzena. Sulfonasi lan penetralan nganggo basa kanggo nyempurnano prosès iki.<ref name="detergen1"/> Rantai alkil iki luwih apik yèn ora ngepang, amarga Alkil benzenasulfonat sing ngepang sifaté ora bisa didégradasi karo jisim rènik (biodegradable). Nanging taun 1950-an, ana masalah saka panggunané détergèn iki, yaiku ana buih-buih putih ing unit-unit perjenihan, ing kali lan tlaga. Amarga iku, saka taun 1965-an, sing di enggo alkil benzenasulfonat sing ora ngepang. Detregen jinis iki gampang didégradasi nganggo lan ora gampang wujud akumulasi ing pangonan sakiwa-tengené. == Bahan-bahan kabentuke déterjèn == Lumrahé détergèn dumadi saka 3 bahan, yaiku: ==== Surfakatan ==== Surfaktan yaiku zat aktif sing duwèni pucuk sing béda yaiku hidrofil (seneng banyu) lan hidrofob (seneng lemak).<ref name="detergen2"/> Surfaktan fungsiné ana gayutané karo sudut kontak sistem pencucian. Surfaktan ana 4 kategori, kaya ta: * Anionik: # Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (ABS) # Linier Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LAS) # Alpha Olein Sulfonate (AOS) * Kationik: Garam Ammonium * Non ionik: Nonyl phenol polyethoxyle * Amphoterik: Acyl Ethylenediamines ==== Builder ==== Builder duwèni fungsi kanggo ngèfisiènsi surfaktan ing prosès ngilangi reget.<ref name="detergen2"/> Kelebihane sing liyané yaiku ngilangi ion sing nyebabake sadahe banyu lan nyegah ion mau interaksi kari surfaktan.<ref name="detergen2">[http://majarimagazine.com/2009/06/builder-dan-aditif-dalam-deterjen/ Detergen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203050404/http://majarimagazine.com/2009/06/builder-dan-aditif-dalam-deterjen/ |date=2012-02-03 }}(Dipunundhuh tanggal 29 September 2012)</ref> Contohe builder, kaya ta: * Zeolit (Na2Ox.Al2O3y.SiO2z.pH2O) * Clay * Nitrilotriacetic acid * Garam nétral ==== Aditif ==== Aditif duwé fungsi kanggo ngundhakaké daya cuci. Peningkatan iku wujudé: * Ningkataké èfék pembérsih lan pencerah * Ningkataké daya kanggo ngilangi régèt * Ningkataké daya pembusaan kaya sing diarépakè * Ningkataké tingkat kelarutan déterjèn * Ningkataké daya dorong marang logam-logam * Ngurangi injury (kaya ta iritasi kulit ing manungsa, barang utawa kain, lan mesin) == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.chem-is-try.org/materi_kimia/kimia-smk/kelas_xi/definisi-detergen/ Sejarah Detregen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017141322/http://www.chem-is-try.org/materi_kimia/kimia-smk/kelas_xi/definisi-detergen/ |date=2012-10-17 }} (diunduh tanggal 29 September 2012) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120203050404/http://majarimagazine.com/2009/06/builder-dan-aditif-dalam-deterjen/ Detergen] (diunduh tanggal 29 September 2012) [[Kategori:Kimiya]] [[Kategori:Èlmu]] [[Kategori:Èlmu alam]] gahmyzw33dxc0c4xeb10pdkaur0pvj7 Foo Fighters 0 92184 1759958 1757434 2026-11-05T17:57:30Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Foo Fighters | image = | caption = | image_size = | landscape = Yes | background = group_or_band | asal = [[Seattle]], [[Washington]], [[USA]] | Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[post-grunge]], [[hard rock]] | Years_active = {{Start date|1994}}–saiki | label = [[RCA Records|RCA]], [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] |Associated_acts = <!-- Please only add associated acts where Grohl has been a full time member; one-offs don't count -->[[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], [[Scream (band)|Scream]], [[Them Crooked Vultures(band)|Them Crooked Vultures]], [[Sunny Day Real Estate]], [[The Fire Theft]], | website = {{URL|foofighters.com}} | current_members = Dave Grohl<br/>Taylor Hawkins<br/>Nate Mendel<br/>Chris Shiflett<br/>Pat Smear<br/> | past_members = William Goldsmith<br/>Franz Stahl [[Gambar: Foo FightersA.jpg|thumb|200px|Foto Band Foo Fighters]] }} '''Foo Fighters''' ya iku grup band kang asalé saka kutha [[Seattle]], [[Washington]], [[Amérikah Sarékat]] kanthi aliran musik [[Hard Rock]] /[[Alternative rock]] rikala miwiti band. Diwiwiti kanthi panggebuk drum ing [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] ya iku [[Dave Grohl]], sabanjuré gitaris Nirvana, [[Kurt Cobain]] pejah. Sapanunggalane band Nirvana, [[Dave Grohl]] uga ngisi drum lan gitar. Jeneng [[Foo Fighter]] iku kajupuk saka prastawa perang dunya II, kang saka babagan perang karo UFO (utawa Unidentfied Flying Object). Band iki uga nduwéni panghargyan amarga papat albumé apik saka [[Grammy Awards]] lan uga saka [[Best Rock Album]] papat. ==Sajarah== ===Formasi lan Album Kapisan (1994-1995)=== Foo Fighters iku digawé karo [[Dave Grohl]], ya iku tilawas anggota saka [[Nirvana]]. ===''The Colour and the Shape'' (1996)=== ===''There Is Nothing Left to Lose'' (1998)=== ===''One by One'' (2002)=== ===''In Your Honor'' (2005)=== [[File:Foo Fighters Live 29.jpg|thumb|right|Foo Fighters manggung]] ===''Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace'' and ''Greatest Hits'' (2007–2009)=== [[File:Foo Fighters Live 21.jpg|thumb|Manggung ing 2006]] ===''Wasting Light'' (2010–Sekarang)=== [[File:Foo Fighters.jpg|thumb|Manggung ing 2007]] ==Musical style== Rikala [[Dave Grohl]] miwiti band iki, isih dipadhakaké karo band sadurungé, ya iku [[Nirvana]]. Nanging Grohl kandha pancen [[Kurt Cobain]] mènèhi prabawa gedhé marang lagu-lagune. ==Anggota Band== {{Main|Pratélan anggota band Foo Fighters}} *[[Dave Grohl]] – lead vocals, rhythm and lead guitar, drums (1994–present) *[[Nate Mendel]] – bass guitar (1995–present) *[[Taylor Hawkins]] – drums, backing vocals (1997–present) *[[Chris Shiflett]] – lead and rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1999–present) *[[Pat Smear]] – rhythm guitar (1995–1997, 2010–present) ;Touring members *[[Rami Jaffee]] – keyboards, piano, organ, accordion, harmonica (2006–present) *[[Pat Smear]] – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2006–2009) ;Mantan Anggota *[[William Goldsmith]] – drums (1995–1997) *[[Franz Stahl]] – lead guitar (1997–1999) ;Timeline <timeline> ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = left:100 bottom:60 top:0 right:25 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/10/1994 till:01/07/2012 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Legend = orientation:horizontal position:bottom ScaleMajor = increment:1 start:01/01/1995 Colors = id:vocals value:red legend:Vocals/Guitar id:guitar value:green legend:Guitar(Lead) id:rhythm value:purple legend:Guitar(Rhythm) id:bass value:blue legend:Bass id:drums value:orange legend:Drums id:Lines value:black legend:Studio_Albums BarData = bar:Dave text:"Dave Grohl" bar:Nate text:"Nate Mendel" bar:Pat text:"Pat Smear" bar:Franz text:"Franz Stahl" bar:Chris text:"Chris Shiflett" bar:Will text:"William Goldsmith" bar:Taylor text:"Taylor Hawkins" PlotData= width:10 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4) bar:Dave from:01/10/1994 till:end color:vocals bar:Pat from:01/08/1995 till:04/09/1997 color:rhythm bar:Pat from:01/01/2006 till:end color:rhythm bar:Franz from:04/09/1997 till:01/02/1999 color:guitar bar:Chris from:01/01/2000 till:end color:guitar bar:Nate from:01/08/1995 till:end color:bass bar:Will from:01/08/1995 till:01/02/1997 color:drums bar:Taylor from:15/06/1997 till:end color:drums LineData = at:04/07/1995 color:black layer:back at:20/05/1997 color:black layer:back at:02/11/1999 color:black layer:back at:22/10/2002 color:black layer:back at:14/06/2005 color:black layer:back at:25/09/2007 color:black layer:back at:12/04/2011 color:black layer:back </timeline> ==Discography== {{Main|Foo Fighters discography}} <!-- For studio albums only. Do not add Greatest Hits compilation. --> * ''[[Foo Fighters (album)|Foo Fighters]]'' (1995) * ''[[The Colour and the Shape]]'' (1997) * ''[[There Is Nothing Left to Lose]]'' (1999) * ''[[One by One (Foo Fighters album)|One by One]]'' (2002) * ''[[In Your Honor]]'' (2005) * ''[[Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace]]'' (2007) * ''[[Wasting Light]]'' (2011) * ''Sonic Highways'' (2014) * ''Concrete and Gold'' (2017) * ''Medicine at Midnight'' (2021) * ''But Here We Are'' (2023) * ''Your Favorite Toy'' (2026) <!-- For studio albums only. Do not add Greatest Hits compilation. --> == Uga delengen == *[[List of alternative rock artists]] ==Réferènsi== {{Reflist|30em}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons|Foo Fighters}} * {{Official website|http://www.foofighters.com/}} * [http://www.fftabs.com/ Tablatures and lyrics website] * [http://www.upvenue.com/article/1265-david-grohl-discography-of-awesomeness.html Dave Grohl Band Discography] ==Albums== ===Studio albums=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;" |- !rowspan="2"|Year !rowspan="2"|Album details !colspan="16"|Peak chart positions !rowspan="2"|[[Music recording sales certification|Certifications]] |- !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Billboard 200|US]]<br><ref name="Allmusic">{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/foo-fighters-p144725/charts-awards |title=Foo Fighters - Billboard Albums |publisher=[[Allmusic]] |accessdate=2008-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111114804/http://allmusic.com/artist/foo-fighters-p144725/charts-awards |archive-date=2010-11-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br><ref name="AUS chart">{{cite web |url=http://www.Ostralin-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters |title=Discography Foo Fighters |publisher=[[Ostralin Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=2008-02-14 }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br><ref name="AUT chart">{{cite web |url=http://Ostenrikncharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters |title=Discographie Foo Fighters |publisher=[[Ö3 Ostenrik Top 40]] |language=German |accessdate=2008-02-14 }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Ultratop 50|BEL]]<br><ref name="BEL chart">{{cite web| url=http://www.ultratop.be/en/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters |title=Discography Foo Fighters |publisher=Ultratop Bèlgin Charts |accessdate=2008-02-14}}</ref><br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/en/search.asp?cat=a&lang=nl&search=Foo+Fighters |title=Ultratop Bèlgin Charts |publisher=ultratop.be |date= |accessdate=2012-01-06}}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-110.01-e.php?PHPSESSID=c6btf3r8hs459qqt5ln3o3dcv5&q1=Foo+Fighters&q2=Top+Albums%2FCDs&interval=50|title=Foo Fighters Top Albums/CDs positions|publisher=[[RPM (magazine)|RPM]]|accessdate=2010-10-10 }}</ref><br /><ref name="Allmusic"/> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Tracklisten|DEN]]<br><ref name="DEN chart">{{cite web |url=http://danishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters |title=Discography Foo Fighters |publisher=Tracklisten |accessdate=2008-02-14 |archive-date=2012-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214034523/http://danishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters |url-status=dead }}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Finland's Official List|FIN]]<br><ref name="FIN chart">{{cite web| url=http://finnishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters |title=Discography Foo Fighters |publisher=Finnish Charts |accessdate=2008-02-14}}</ref><br><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/virallinen-lista/albumit/2011/15 |title=Musiikkituottajat - Tilastot - Suomen virallinen lista - Albumit |publisher=Ifpi.fi |date= |accessdate=2012-01-06 |archive-date=2011-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430103832/http://ifpi.fi/tilastot/virallinen-lista/albumit/2011/15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique|FRA]]<br><ref name="FRA chart">{{cite web| url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters |title=Discography Foo Fighters |publisher=Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique |accessdate=2008-02-14}}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Media Control Charts|GER]]<br><ref name="Germany">{{cite web |url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Foo+Fighters/longplay |title=Foo Fighters album chart history |accessdate=2008-02-09 |language=German |publisher=[[Media Control Charts]] |archive-date=2018-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308231614/http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Foo+Fighters/longplay |url-status=dead }}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Irish Albums Chart|IRL]]<br><ref name="IRL chart">{{cite web |url=http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters |title=Discography Foo Fighters |publisher=Irish Albums Chart |accessdate=2008-05-09 |archive-date=2012-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210150944/http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters |url-status=dead}}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[MegaCharts|NLD]]<br><ref name="NLD chart">{{cite web| url=http://dutchcharts.nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters|title=Discografie Foo Fighters |publisher=[[MegaCharts]] |language=Dutch |accessdate=2008-02-14}}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[New Zealand|NZ]]<br><ref name="NZ chart">{{cite web |url=http://charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters |title=Discography Foo Fighters |publisher=New Zealand charts online |accessdate=2008-02-14 |archive-date=2007-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028164422/http://charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters |url-status=dead }}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[VG-lista|NOR]]<br><ref name="NOR chart">{{cite web| url=http://norwegiancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters |title=Discography Foo Fighters |publisher=[[VG-lista]] |accessdate=2008-02-14}}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br><ref name="SWE chart">{{cite web| url=http://swedishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters |title=Discography Foo Fighters |publisher=[[Sverigetopplistan]] |language=Nurwègenn |accessdate=2008-02-14}}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Switserlan Music Charts|SWI]]<br><ref name="SWI chart">{{cite web| url=http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Foo+Fighters |title=Switserlan charts |publisher=Switserlan Singles Top 100 |language=German |accessdate=2008-02-14}}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[UK Albums Chart|UK]]<br><ref name="UK charts">{{cite web| url=http://www.everyhit.com/ |title=UK Music charts |publisher=EveryHit.com |accessdate=2008-02-14}}</ref> |- |1995 |''[[Foo Fighters (album)|Foo Fighters]]'' * Released: July 4, 1995 * Label: Roswell/[[Capitol Records|Capitol]] (#507735 2) * Format: [[Compact Disc|CD]], [[LP record|LP]], [[Compact Cassette|CS]] | style="text-align:center;"|23 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|13 | style="text-align:center;"|23 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|33 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|22 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|18 | style="text-align:center;"|26 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | *[[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> *[[Canadian Recording Industry Association|CAN]]: Platinum<ref name="CRIA"/> *[[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: Gold<ref name=BPI>{{cite web| url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx| title=''Foo Fighters'' Certified Awards| publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]| accessdate=2008-05-15| quote=Searchable database| archive-date=2013-01-15| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115055129/http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |1997 |''[[The Colour and the Shape]]'' * Released: May 20, 1997 * Label: Roswell/Capitol (#55832) * Format: CD, LP, CS | style="text-align:center;"|10 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|19 | style="text-align:center;"|7 | style="text-align:center;"|8 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|24 | style="text-align:center;"|41 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|39 | style="text-align:center;"|10 | style="text-align:center;"|20 | style="text-align:center;"|10 | style="text-align:center;"|50 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | *US: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> *[[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations-albums-1998.htm|title=Accreditations - 1998 Albums|publisher=[[Ostralin Recording Industry Association]]}}</ref> *CAN: Platinum<ref name="CRIA"/> *UK: Gold<ref name=BPI/> |- |1999 |''[[There Is Nothing Left to Lose]]'' * Released: November 2, 1999 * Label: [[RCA Records|RCA]] (#678922) * Format: CD, LP, CS | style="text-align:center;"|10 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|34 | style="text-align:center;"|46 | style="text-align:center;"|4 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|25 | style="text-align:center;"|62 | style="text-align:center;"|23 | style="text-align:center;"|49 | style="text-align:center;"|59 | style="text-align:center;"|12 | style="text-align:center;"|8 | style="text-align:center;"|7 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|8 | *US: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> *AUS: 2× Platinum<ref name="ARIA2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesARIACharts-Accreditations-2007Albums.htm|title=Accreditations - 2007 Albums|publisher=Ostralin Recording Industry Association}}</ref> *CAN: Platinum<ref name="CRIA"/> *UK: Gold<ref name=BPI/> |- |2002 |''[[One by One (Foo Fighters album)|One by One]]'' * Released: October 22, 2002 * Label: RCA (#680082) * Format: CD, LP, [[DVD-Audio|DVD]] | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|19 | style="text-align:center;"|22 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|20 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|26 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|12 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|28 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | *US: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> *AUS: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations-albums-2003.htm|title=Accreditations - 2003 Albums|publisher=Ostralin Recording Industry Association}}</ref> *[[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: Gold<ref name="ABPD">{{cite web|url=http://abpd.org.br/certificados_interna.asp|title=ABPD|publisher=[[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos]]|language=Spanish|access-date=2012-10-02|archive-date=2015-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516164915/http://abpd.org.br/certificados_interna.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> *CAN: Platinum<ref name="CRIA"/> *NOR: Gold<ref name="NorwayIFPI">{{cite web |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm |title=IFPI Norsk platebransje |publisher=Ifpi.no |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2023-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601164217/https://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *SWE: Gold<ref name="SwedishIFPI">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.se/?page_id=67 |title=Guld & Platina &#124; ifpi |publisher=Ifpi.se |date= |accessdate=2012-01-06}}</ref> *UK: Platinum<ref name=BPI/> |- |2005 |''[[In Your Honor]]'' * Released: June 14, 2005 * Label: RCA (#68038) * Format: CD, LP | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|21 | style="text-align:center;"|4 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|7 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | *US: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> *AUS: 3× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/ARIACharts-Accreditations-2006Albums.htm|title=Accreditations - 2006 Albums|publisher=Ostralin Recording Industry Association}}</ref> *AUT: Gold<ref name="AustriaIFPI">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin|title=IFPI Ostenrik|publisher=IFPI Ostenrik|language=German|access-date=2012-10-02|archive-date=2008-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216161149/http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin|url-status=dead}}</ref> *BRA: Gold<ref name="ABPD"/> *CAN: 3× Platinum<ref name="CRIA"/> *IRL: 2× Platinum<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/multi_platinum.htm |title=Irish Chart Archives Retrieved 27.02.2011 |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2009-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604162431/http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/multi_platinum.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *NOR: Gold<ref name="NorwayIFPI"/> *NZ: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rianz.org.nz/attachments/rianz/chart-1480-03-oct-05.pdf |title=CHART 1480 03 October 2005|format=PDF|publisher=RIANZ|format=PDF |accessdate=2011-05-17}}</ref> *SWE: Gold<ref name="SwedishIFPI"/> *UK: 2× Platinum<ref name=BPI/> |- |2007 |''[[Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace]]'' * Released: September 25, 2007 * Label: RCA (#711516) * Format: CD, LP | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|4 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|11 | style="text-align:center;"|7 | style="text-align:center;"|24 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|6 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|9 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | *US: Gold<ref name="RIAA"/> *AUS: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.aupagesARIACharts-Accreditations-2008Albums.htm|title=Accreditations - 2008 Albums|publisher=Ostralin Recording Industry Association}}</ref> *AUT: Gold<ref name="AustriaIFPI"/> *CAN: Platinum<ref name="CRIA"/> *[[Media Control Charts|GER]]: Gold<ref name="german">{{cite web|url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/#topSearch|title=Media Control Charts|publisher=Gold-/Platin-Datenbank|accessdate=2011-06-05}}</ref> *IRL: Platinum<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/platinum07.htm |title=Irish Chart Archives. Retrieved 27.02.2011 |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2008-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224025852/http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/platinum07.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *UK: 2× Platinum<ref name=BPI/> |- |2011 |''[[Wasting Light]]'' * Released: April 12, 2011 * Label: RCA * Format: CD, LP, download | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|18 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | *US: Gold<ref name="RIAA"/> *AUS: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesALBUMaccreds2012.htm|title=Accreditations - 2012 Albums|publisher=Ostralin Recording Industry}}</ref> *AUT: Gold<ref name="AustriaIFPI"/> *CAN: Platinum<ref name="CRIA"/> *FIN: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ifpi.fi/tilastot/kultalevyt/2011/ulkomaiset/albumit|title=Ulkomaiset albumit 2011|accessdate=2011-09-14|language=Finnish}}</ref> *GER: Gold<ref name="german"/> *IRL: Gold<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/gold11.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2018-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711234229/http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/gold11.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *NZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/attachments/rianz/chart-1784-1-aug-2011.pdf |title=CHART 1790: 12 September 2011|format=PDF|publisher=RIANZ|format=PDF |accessdate=2011-12-14}}</ref> *UK: Platinum<ref>http://www.nme.com/news/various-artists/61476</ref> |- | colspan="21" style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;"| |} ===Compilation albums=== {| class="wikitable" |- !rowspan="2"|Year !rowspan="2"|Album details !colspan="16"|Peak chart positions !rowspan="2"| Certifications |- !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Billboard 200|US]]<br><ref name="Allmusic"/> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br><ref name="AUS chart" /> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br><ref name="AUT chart" /> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Ultratop 50|BEL]]<br><ref name="BEL chart" /> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/charts/canadian-albums?chartDate=2009-11-21|title=Canadian Albums - Week of November 21, 2009|publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=2011-02-06 }}</ref> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Tracklisten|DEN]]<br><ref name="DEN chart" /> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Finland's Official List|FIN]]<br><ref name="FIN chart" /> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique|FRA]]<br><ref name="FRA chart" /> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Media Control Charts|GER]]<br><ref name="Germany" /> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Irish Albums Chart|IRL]]<br><ref name="IRL chart" /> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[MegaCharts|NLD]]<br><ref name="NLD chart" /> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[RIANZ|NZ]]<br><ref name="NZ chart" /> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[VG-lista|NOR]]<br><ref name="NOR chart" /> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br><ref name="SWE chart" /> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[Switserlan Music Charts|SWI]]<br><ref name="SWI chart" /> !style="width:1em"|<small>[[UK Albums Chart|UK]]<br><ref name="UK charts" /> |- |2009 |''[[Greatest Hits (Foo Fighters album)|Greatest Hits]]'' * Released: November 3, 2009 * Label: [[RCA Records|RCA]] * Format: [[Compact disc|CD]], download | style="text-align:center;"|11 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|10 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|6 | style="text-align:center;"|23 | style="text-align:center;"|23 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|8 | style="text-align:center;"|6 | style="text-align:center;"|9 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|7 | style="text-align:center;"|12 | style="text-align:center;"|16 | style="text-align:center;"|4 | *AUS: 3× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=hhttp://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesALBUMaccreds2012.htm|title=Accreditations - 2012 Albums|publisher=Ostralin Recording Industry Association}}</ref> *AUT: Gold<ref name="AustriaIFPI"/> *CAN: Gold<ref name="CRIA" /> *IRL: Platinum<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/platinum09.htm |title=Irish Chart Archives. Retrieved 27.02.2011 |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2018-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711233555/http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/platinum09.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2011 |''[[Medium Rare (Foo Fighters album)|Medium Rare]]'' * Released: April 16, 2011 * Label: Roswell/RCA * Format: LP, CD | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|51 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|164<br><ref>http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/110423cluk.txt</ref> | |- | colspan="19" style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;"| "—" denotes albums that did not chart. |} ===EPs=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- ! Year ! Album details ! [[UK Albums Chart|UK]] |- | 2005 |align="left"|''[[Five Songs and a Cover]]'' * Released: November 20, 2005 * Label: RCA (#345008) * Format: CD | style="text-align:center;"|— |- | 2011 |align="left"|''iTunes Festival: London 2011'' * Released: 2011 * Label: RCA * Format: Internet download | style="text-align:center;"|167<br><ref>[http://zobbel.de/cluk/110806cluk.txt Chart Log UK: New Entries Update 6.08.2011 (wk30)]</ref> |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;"| "—" denotes albums that did not chart. |} ===Live albums=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- !rowspan="2"|Year !rowspan="2"|Album details !colspan="11"|Peak chart positions !rowspan="2"|Certifications |- !style="width:2em"|<small>US<br><ref name="Allmusic"/> !style="width:2em"|<small>AUS<br><ref name="AUS chart" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>AUT<br><ref name="AUT chart" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>BEL<br><ref name="BEL chart" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>GER<br><ref name="Germany" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>IRL<br><ref name="IRL chart" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>SWE<br><ref name="SWE chart" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>SWI<br><ref name="SWI chart" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>NZ<br><ref name="NZ chart" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>NOR<br><ref name="NOR chart" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>UK<br><ref name="UK charts" /> |- | 2006 |align="left"|''[[Skin and Bones]]'' * Released: November 7, 2006 * Label: RCA (#377594) * Format: CD/DVD | style="text-align:center;"|21 | style="text-align:center;"|11 | style="text-align:center;"|30 | style="text-align:center;"|37 | style="text-align:center;"|67 | style="text-align:center;"|33 | style="text-align:center;"|51 | style="text-align:center;"|40 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|35 | style="text-align:center;"|35 | *AUS: Gold<ref name="ARIA2007"/> *IRL: Gold<ref name="IRMA 2">{{cite web |url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/gold06.htm |title=The Irish Charts |publisher=Irish Recorded Music Association |accessdate=2008—01—03 |archive-date=2018-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920015955/http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/gold06.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} ==Singles== {| class="wikitable" |- !rowspan=2 |Year !rowspan=2|Single !colspan=13 |Peak chart positions !rowspan="2"| Certifications !rowspan=2 |Album |- !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Billboard Hot 100|US]]<br /><ref name="billboard.com">{{cite web| url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100#/artist/foo-fighters/chart-history/121501?f=379&g=Singles | title=Foo Fighters Album & Song Chart History – Hot 100| publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]| accessdate=2010-10-26}}</ref> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Billboard Hot 100 Airplay|US Air]]<br /><ref name="Singles">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/foo-fighters/chart-history/121501|title=Foo Fighters chart history - Radio Songs|work=Billboard|accessdate=2009-03-01|archive-date=2011-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424211716/http://www.billboard.com/artist/foo-fighters/chart-history/121501|url-status=dead}}</ref> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Alternative Songs|US<br />Alt]]<br /><ref name="http">{{cite web| url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/alternative-songs#/artist/foo-fighters/chart-history/121501?f=377&g=Singles| title=Foo Fighters Album & Song Chart History – Alternative Songs| publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]| accessdate=2010-10-26}}</ref> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks|US<br />Main]]<br /><ref name="Allmusic singles">{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/foo-fighters-p144725/charts-awards/billboard-singles |title=Foo Fighters - Billboard Singles |accessdate=2008-05-08 |publisher=[[Allmusic]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612110441/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/foo-fighters-p144725/charts-awards/billboard-singles |archive-date=2011-06-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Rock Songs|US<br />Rock]]<br /><ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web| url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/rock-songs#/artist/foo-fighters/chart-history/121501?f=902&g=Singles | title=Foo Fighters Album & Song Chart History – Rock Songs| publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]| accessdate=2010-10-26}}</ref> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br /><ref name="AUS chart" /><br /><ref name="ARIA Top 100 Singles">{{cite journal|date=2003-11-03|title=ARIA Top 100 Singles|publisher=ARIA|issue=715|page=2|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/|accessdate=2010-07-22|format=PDF}}</ref> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Canadian Singles Chart|CAN]]<br><ref name="Canadian Top Singles positions">{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-110.01-e.php?PHPSESSID=c6btf3r8hs459qqt5ln3o3dcv5&q1=Foo+Fighters&q2=Top+Singles&interval=20|title=Canadian Top Singles positions |publisher=[[RPM (magazine)|RPM]] |accessdate=2010-05-10 }}</ref><br><ref name="BRIDGEBURNINGBILLBOARD2">{{cite web| url=http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/foo-fighters/chart-history/121501?f=793&g=Singles| title=Foo Fighters - Billboard Canadian Hot 100| author=Billboard| publisher=www.billboard.com| accessdate=21 06 2012}}</ref> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Canadian rock/alternative chart|CAN<br />Alt]]<br /><ref>Peak positions for Foo Fighters' singles on Canadian Alternative Rock Chart: *For "This Is a Call" {{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.8516&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=047juc5jrlka1iv2ihtbetvig7|title=Rock/Alternative - Volume 61, No. 25, July 24 1995|publisher=[[RPM (magazine)|RPM]]|accessdate=2012-06-22 }} *For "I'll Stick Around" {{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.2793&type=1&interval=50&PHPSESSID=c6btf3r8hs459qqt5ln3o3dcv5|title=Rock/Alternative - Volume 62, No. 13, October 30 1995|publisher=[[RPM (magazine)|RPM]]|accessdate=2012-06-22 }} *For "Big Me" {{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.2944&type=1&interval=50&PHPSESSID=c6btf3r8hs459qqt5ln3o3dcv5|title=Rock/Alternative - Volume 63, No. 9, April 15 1996|publisher=[[RPM (magazine)|RPM]]|accessdate=2012-06-22 }} *For "Monkey Wrench" {{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.3236&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=c6btf3r8hs459qqt5ln3o3dcv5|title=Rock/Alternative - Volume 65, No. 15, June 16 1997|publisher=[[RPM (magazine)|RPM]]|accessdate=2012-06-22 }} *For "Everlong" {{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.3375&type=1&interval=50&PHPSESSID=c6btf3r8hs459qqt5ln3o3dcv5|title=Rock/Alternative - Volume 66, No. 9, November 03 1997|publisher=[[RPM (magazine)|RPM]]|accessdate=2012-06-22 }} *For "Learn to Fly" {{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.7296&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=9uci3qg3jlqf0bhhgug09g67p6|title=Rock/Alternative - Volume 70, No. 4, November 15 1999|publisher=[[RPM (magazine)|RPM]]|accessdate=2012-06-22 }} *For "Breakout" {{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.7257&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=c6btf3r8hs459qqt5ln3o3dcv5|title=Rock/Alternative - Volume 71, No. 2, May 15 2000|publisher=[[RPM (magazine)|RPM]]|accessdate=2012-06-22 }} *For "Next Year" {{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.7089&type=1&interval=50&PHPSESSID=c6btf3r8hs459qqt5ln3o3dcv5|title=Rock/Alternative - Volume 71, No. 23, October 09 2000|publisher=[[RPM (magazine)|RPM]]|accessdate=2012-06-22 }} *For "Rope" {{cite web |url=http://canadianrockalt.blogspot.com/2011/04/alternative-rock-april-19-2011.html|title=Canadian Active Rock & Alt Rock Chart Archive: April 19, 2011|publisher=[[America's Music Charts]]|accessdate=2012-06-22}} *For "Walk" {{cite web |url=http://canadianrockalt.blogspot.com/2011/07/alternative-rock-july-12-2011.html|title=Canadian Active Rock & Alt Rock Chart Archive: July 12, 2011|publisher=[[America's Music Charts]]|accessdate=2012-06-22}} *For "These Days" {{cite web |url=http://canadianrockalt.blogspot.com/2011/11/alternative-rock-november-8-2011.html|title=Canadian Active Rock & Alt Rock Chart Archive: November 8, 2011|publisher=[[America's Music Charts]]|accessdate=2012-06-22}} *For "Bridge Burning" {{cite web |url=http://canadianrockalt.blogspot.ca/2012/05/alternative-rock-may-22-2012.html|title=Canadian Active Rock & Alt Rock Chart Archive: May 22, 2012|publisher=[[America's Music Charts]]|accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Irish Singles Chart|IRL]]<br><ref name="IrishCharts.ie">{{cite web| url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement?page=1| title=Irish Charts| author=| publisher=www.irishcharts.ie| access-date=30 Oktober 2011| archive-date=2011-05-14| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514063919/http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement?page=1| url-status=dead}}</ref> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[MegaCharts|NLD]]<br><ref name="NLD chart" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]<br><ref name="NZ chart" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br><ref name="SWE chart" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<br /><ref name="UK charts" /><br><ref name="zobbel.de">http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK_F.HTM UK Chart Log 1994 - 2010</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|1995 |"[[This Is a Call]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|35 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|6 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|9 | style="text-align:center;"|35 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|16 | style="text-align:center;"|32 | style="text-align:center;"|11 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|5 | | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="4"|''Foo Fighters'' |- |"[[I'll Stick Around]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|51 | style="text-align:center;"|8 | style="text-align:center;"|12 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|61 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|18 | |- |"[[For All the Cows]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|69 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|28 | |- | style="text-align:center;"|1996 |"[[Big Me]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|13 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|18 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|65 | style="text-align:center;"|16 | style="text-align:center;"|4 | style="text-align:center;"|27 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|19 | |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|1997 |"[[Monkey Wrench (song)|Monkey Wrench]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|58 | style="text-align:center;"|9 | style="text-align:center;"|9 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|17 | style="text-align:center;"|37 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|12 | | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="3"|''The Colour and the Shape'' |- |"[[Everlong]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|42 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|4 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|45 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|34 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|18 |US: Gold<ref name="RIAA">{{cite web| url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Foo%Fighters&format=ALBUM&go=Search&perPage=50 |title=RIAA Searchable database – Gold and Platinum |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]] |accessdate=2008-01-03}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|1998 |"[[My Hero (song)|My Hero]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|59 | style="text-align:center;"|6 | style="text-align:center;"|8 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|74 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|21 | |- |"[[Walking After You]]"{{ref label|Walking After You|I|}} | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|12 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|67 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|48 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|20 | |align="left"|''[[The X-Files: The Album|The X-Files soundtrack]]'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|1999 |"[[Learn to Fly]]" | style="text-align:center;"|19 | style="text-align:center;"|13 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|36 | style="text-align:center;"|13 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|72 | style="text-align:center;"|23 | style="text-align:center;"|52 | style="text-align:center;"|21 |US: Gold<ref name="RIAA"/><br/>CAN: Gold<ref name="CRIA">{{cite web|url=http://www.musiccanada.com/GPSearchResult.aspx?st=&ica=False&sa=Foo%20Fighters&sl=&smt=0&sat=-1&ssb=Artist|title=Gold Platinum Database: Foo Fighters|publisher=[[Canadian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=2011-07-09|archive-date=2013-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212509/http://www.musiccanada.com/GPSearchResult.aspx?st=&ica=False&sa=Foo%20Fighters&sl=&smt=0&sat=-1&ssb=Artist|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="5"|''There Is Nothing Left to Lose'' |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"|2000 |"[[Stacked Actors]]"{{ref label|Stacked Actors|II|}} | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|25 | style="text-align:center;"|9 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|82 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | |- |"[[Generator (song)|Generator]]"{{ref label|Generator|III|}} | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|31 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|151 | |- |"[[Breakout (Foo Fighters song)|Breakout]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|8 | style="text-align:center;"|11 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|59 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|15 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|48 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|29 | |- |"[[Next Year]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|17 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|85 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|12 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|92 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|42 | |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2002 |"[[The One (Foo Fighters song)|The One]]"{{ref label|The One|IV|}} | style="text-align:center;"|—<br>{{Ref label|note_a1|A|}} | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|14 | style="text-align:center;"|20 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|21 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|77 | |''[[Orange County: The Soundtrack]]'' |- |"[[All My Life (Foo Fighters song)|All My Life]]" | style="text-align:center;"|43 | style="text-align:center;"|41 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|20 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|14 | style="text-align:center;"|95 | style="text-align:center;"|46 | style="text-align:center;"|37 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="4"|''One by One'' |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|2003 |"[[Times Like These (song)|Times Like These]]" | style="text-align:center;"|65 | style="text-align:center;"|64 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|22 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|27 | style="text-align:center;"|90 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|12 |US: Gold<ref name="RIAA" /> |- |"[[Low (Foo Fighters song)|Low]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|15 | style="text-align:center;"|23 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|40 | style="text-align:center;"|30 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|44 | style="text-align:center;"|100 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|21 | |- |"[[Have It All (song)|Have It All]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|71 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|37 | |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|2005 |"[[Best of You]]" | style="text-align:center;"|18 | style="text-align:center;"|46 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|20 | style="text-align:center;"|94 | style="text-align:center;"|38 | style="text-align:center;"|41 | style="text-align:center;"|4 |US: Platinum<ref name="RIAA" /><br/>CAN: Platinum<ref name="CRIA" /> | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="4"|''In Your Honor'' |- |"[[DOA (song)|DOA]]" | style="text-align:center;"|68 | style="text-align:center;"|67 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|39 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|40 | style="text-align:center;"|86 | style="text-align:center;"|34 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|25 |US: Gold<ref name="RIAA" /> |- |"[[Resolve (song)|Resolve]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|82 | style="text-align:center;"|39 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|32 | |- | style="text-align:center;"|2006 |"[[No Way Back/Cold Day in the Sun|No Way Back"/"Cold Day in the Sun]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|6 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|64 | |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2007 |"[[The Pretender (Foo Fighters song)|The Pretender]]" | style="text-align:center;"|37 | style="text-align:center;"|59 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|10 | style="text-align:center;"|15 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|11 | style="text-align:center;"|39 | style="text-align:center;"|9 | style="text-align:center;"|11 | style="text-align:center;"|8 |US: Gold<ref name="RIAA" /><br/>AUS: Gold<ref name="ARIA">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesARIACharts-Accreditations-2007Singles.htm|title=Accreditations - 2007 Singles|publisher=Ostralin Recording Industry Association|accessdate=2008-01-03}}</ref><br/>CAN: Platinum<ref name="CRIA" /> | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="4"|''Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace'' |- |"[[Long Road to Ruin]]" | style="text-align:center;"|89 | style="text-align:center;"|69 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|38 | style="text-align:center;"|42 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|21 | style="text-align:center;"|23 | style="text-align:center;"|35 | |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2008 |"[[Cheer Up, Boys (Your Make Up Is Running)]]"{{ref label|Cheer Up, Boys (Your Make Up Is Running)|V|}} | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|194 | |- |"[[Let It Die (song)|Let It Die]]"{{ref label|Let It Die|VI|}} | style="text-align:center;"|—<br>{{Ref label|note_b1|B|}} | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|58 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | |- | style="text-align:center;"|2009 |"[[Wheels (Foo Fighters song)|Wheels]]" | style="text-align:center;"|72 | style="text-align:center;"|71 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|4 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|21 | style="text-align:center;"|22 | style="text-align:center;"|× | style="text-align:center;"|38 | style="text-align:center;"|45 | style="text-align:center;"|13 | style="text-align:center;"|24 | style="text-align:center;"|22 | |align="left"|''Greatest Hits'' |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"|2011 |"[[Rope (song)|Rope]]" | style="text-align:center;"|68 | style="text-align:center;"|58 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|55 | style="text-align:center;"|41 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|31 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|22 | | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="5"|''Wasting Light'' |- |"[[Walk (Foo Fighters song)|Walk]]" | style="text-align:center;"|83 | style="text-align:center;"|61 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|57 | style="text-align:center;"|49 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|58 | style="text-align:center;"|38 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|57 | |- |"[[Arlandria (song)|Arlandria]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|79 | |- |"[[These Days (Foo Fighters song)|These Days]]" | style="text-align:center;"|—<br>{{Ref label|note_c1|C|}} | style="text-align:center;"|94 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|60 | style="text-align:center;"|63 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— |AUS: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesSINGLEaccreds2012.htm|title=Accreditations - 2012 Singles|publisher=Ostralin Recording Industry Association}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"|2012 |"[[Bridge Burning]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|25 | style="text-align:center;"|14 | style="text-align:center;"|22 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|75 | style="text-align:center;"|6 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | |- | colspan="20" "text-align:center; font-size:8pt;"| "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that country.<br>"×" denotes periods where charts did not exist or were not archived. |} *'''I''' {{Note|Walking After You}} The original version of "Walking After You" appeared on the album ''The Colour and the Shape''. However the version that appeared on the ''X-Files'' soundtrack and was released as a single was a re-recorded version. *'''II''' {{Note|Stacked Actors}} "Stacked Actors" was released only in Australia as a limited edition single. *'''III''' {{Note|Generator}} "Generator" was released only in Australia and as a limited edition single in Europe. *'''IV''' {{Note|The One}} "The One" was only released in Australia but was made available by import in the US and UK. *'''V''' {{Note|Cheer Up, Boys (Your Make Up Is Running)}} "Cheer Up, Boys (Your Make Up Is Running)" was released as a downloadable single in the UK only. *'''VI''' {{Note|Let It Die}} "Let It Die" was released as a downloadable single only. *'''A''' {{Note|note_a1}} "The One" did not enter the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 but peaked on the [[Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles]] chart at number 21.<ref name="us100-125">{{cite book|first=Joel|last=Whitburn|year=2009|title=Top Pop Singles & Albums|url=https://archive.org/details/joelwhitburnstop0000unse|edition=12th|publisher=Record Research Inc|isbn=0-89820-180-2|accessdate=2011-07-19}}</ref> *'''B''' {{Note|note_b1}} "Let It Die" did not enter the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 but peaked on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart at number 6.<ref name="us100-125" /> *'''C''' {{Note|note_c1}} "These Days" did not enter the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 but peaked on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart at number 11.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/song/foo-fighters/these-days/25065493#/song/foo-fighters/these-days/25065493|title=Foo Fighters - These Days|work=Billboard|accessdate=2009-03-01|archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20130102045127/http://www.billboard.com/song/foo-fighters/these-days/25065493%23/song/foo-fighters/these-days/25065493#/song/foo-fighters/these-days/25065493|archivedate=2013-01-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Promotional singles=== {| class="wikitable" |- !rowspan=2 |Year !rowspan=2 |Single !colspan=6 |Peak chart positions !rowspan=2 |Album |- !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Alternative Songs|US<br />Alt]]<br /><ref name="Singles" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks|US<br />Main]]<br /><ref name="Singles" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Adult Top 40|US<br/>Adult]]<br><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/foo-fighters/121501#/artist/foo-fighters/chart-history/121501?f=343&g=Singles |title=Foo Fighters Music News & Info |publisher=Billboard.com |date= |accessdate=2012-01-06 |archive-date=2011-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227011638/http://www.billboard.com/artist/foo-fighters/121501#/artist/foo-fighters/chart-history/121501?f=343&g=Singles |url-status=dead}}</ref> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Canadian Hot 100|CAN]] !style="width:2em"|<small>[[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<br /><ref name="UK charts" /> !style="width:2em"|<small>[[Official Charts Company|UK<br />Rock]]<br><ref name="OCCUKROCKCHART">{{cite web| url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/10/2011-04-23/| title=Official UK Rock Chart 23rd April 2011| author=theofficialcharts.com| publisher=The Official Chart Company| access-date=31 Januari 2012}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;"|1995 |"[[Exhausted (song)|Exhausted]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— |rowspan="2"|''Foo Fighters'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|1996 |"[[Alone+Easy Target]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— |- | style="text-align:center;"|1998 |"[[Baker Street (song)|Baker Street]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|34 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— |rowspan="1"|"My Hero" |- | style="text-align:center;"|2003 |"[[Darling Nikki]]" | style="text-align:center;"|15 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— |rowspan="1"|"Have it All" |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2006 |"[[Miracle (Foo Fighters song)|Miracle]]" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|39 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— |rowspan="2"|''In Your Honor'' |- |"Virginia Moon" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2008 |"[[Keep the Car Running]]"<ref name="Acharts.us">{{cite web|url=http://acharts.us/song/35589 |title=The Foo Fighters - Keep The Car Running - Music Charts |publisher=Acharts.us |date= |accessdate=2012-01-06}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|96<br /><ref name="Acharts.us"/> | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— |"Let It Die" |- |"Summer's End"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Foo-Fighters-Summers-End/release/1909523|title=Foo Fighters - Summer's End|publisher=Discogs|accessdate=2011-06-22}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— |''Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|2010 |"Word Forward"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Foo-Fighters-Word-Forward/release/2285536|title=Foo Fighters - Word Forward|publisher=Discogs|accessdate=2011-06-22}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|109<br /><ref>http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/091114cluk.txt</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|— |''Greatest Hits'' |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2011 |"White Limo"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/white-limo-single/id424726096 |title=White Limo - Single by Foo Fighters - Single on iTunes |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2012-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112221522/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/white-limo-single/id424726096 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|29 |rowspan="2"|''Wasting Light'' |- |"Better Off" | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|5 |} ==Videos== {|class="wikitable" |- !rowspan=2|Year !rowspan="2"|Video ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"|Peak chart positions !rowspan=2|Certifications |- !style="width:2em"|<small>US<br><ref>{{cite news | title=Billboard Comprehensive Music Videos - Everywhere But Home | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=gg8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41| work =Billboard | accessdate = 2008-04-09 | language = }}</ref><br><ref>{{cite news | title='NOW 23' Trumps Groban, Urban, Sugarland At No. 1 | url =http://www.billboard.com/news/now-23-trumps-groban-urban-sugarland-at-1003408037.story#/news/now-23-trumps-groban-urban-sugarland-at-1003408037.story | work =Billboard | pages = | accessdate = 2008-04-09 | date=2006-11-15|first=Katie|last=Hasty }}</ref><br><ref>{{cite journal| title=Top DVD Charts - 7 February 2009 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=W_IkqgYO0AYC&pg=PT43 | work =Billboard | page=43|date=2009-12-07 | accessdate = 2008-04-09 | language = }}</ref><br><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foofighters.com/uk/news |title=The Official Foo Fighters Site |publisher=Foofighters.com |date= |accessdate=2012-01-06 |archive-date=2011-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228041020/http://www.foofighters.com/uk/news |url-status=dead }}</ref> !style="width:2em"|<small>AUS<br><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/tep/23790 |title=ARIA Report at the Pandora Web archive@nla.gov.au |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2012-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019043704/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/tep/23790 |url-status=dead }}</ref> !style="width:2em"|<small>NOR<br><ref name="Foo Fighters Charts @ lista.vg.no">{{cite web|url=http://lista.vg.no/artist_info.php?ArtistOp=show&artistId=2050 |title=VG-lista - Foo Fighters |publisher=Lista.vg.no |date= |accessdate=2012-01-06}}</ref> |- |2003 |''[[Everywhere but Home]]'' * Released: November 25, 2003 * Label: Roswell/RCA (#566509) * Format: DVD | style="text-align:center;"|22 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|8 | *US: Gold<ref name="RIAA"/> *AUS: 3× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/ARIACharts-Accreditations-2006DVD.htm|title=Accreditations - 2006 DVD|publisher=Ostralin Recording Industry Association}}</ref> |- |rowspan="2"|2006 |''[[Skin and Bones]]'' * Released: November 7, 2006 * Label: RCA (#88697024519) * Format: DVD | style="text-align:center;"|21 | style="text-align:center;"|4 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | *AUS: 2x Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.audvd2010.htm|title=Accreditations - 2010 DVD|publisher=Ostralin Recording Industry Association}}</ref> |- |''[[Skin and Bones|Skin and Bones & Live in Hyde Park]]'' * Released: November 7, 2006 * Label: RCA (#88697032399) * Format: DVD | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|14 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | *AUS: 3× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.aupagesARIACharts-_000.htm|title=Accreditations - 2009 DVD|publisher=Ostralin Recording Industry Association}}</ref> |- | 2008 |align="left"|''[[Foo Fighters Live at Wembley Stadium|Live at Wembley Stadium]]'' * Released: August 25, 2008 * Label: RCA (#377594) * Format: DVD, Blu-ray | style="text-align:center;"|18 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|7 | *AUS: 2× Platinum<ref name="ARIA2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.audvd2010.htm|title=Accreditations - 2010 DVD|publisher=Ostralin Recording Industry Association}}</ref> |- | 2011 |align="left"|''[[Back and Forth (documentary)|Back and Forth]]'' * Released: June 2011 * Label: Columbia Records * Format: DVD, Blu-ray | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | *US: Gold<ref name="RIAA" /> *AUS: Platinum<ref name="ARIA2011"/> |- | colspan="8" style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;"| "—" denotes videos that did not chart. |} ==Music videos== {|class="wikitable" |- !Year !Song !Director<br /><ref>{{cite news | first=James | last=Montgomery | title=Foo Fighters Brave 'Barf Ball' For Gravity-Defying Video | date=2005-07-27 | publisher= | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1506533/07272005/foo_fighters.jhtml | work=[[MTV]] | pages= | accessdate=2008-05-21 | language= | archive-date=2008-11-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081105134749/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1506533/07272005/foo_fighters.jhtml | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | title= Foo Fighters: A Career in Music Videos | date=2007-11-13 | publisher= | url =http://www.spin.com/articles/foo-fighters-career-music-videos | work =[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] | pages = | accessdate = 2008-05-21 | language = }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first = | last = | title =Foo Fighters - "The Pretender" | date = | publisher = | url =http://www.mtv.com/overdrive/?vid=169364 | work =MTV | pages = | accessdate =2008-05-21 | language = | archive-date =2008-05-01 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080501185003/http://www.mtv.com/overdrive/?vid=169364 | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | title=Foo Fighters Approach 'Times Like These' Without Laughs | date=2002-11-12 | publisher= | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458663/20021112/foo_fighters.jhtml?headlines=true | work=MTV | pages= | accessdate=2008-05-21 | language= | archive-date=2009-01-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115063756/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458663/20021112/foo_fighters.jhtml?headlines=true | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first = | last = | title =Foo Fighters - "Times Like These (Acoustic)" | date = | publisher = | url =http://www.mtv.com/overdrive/?vid=86194 | work =MTV Overdrive | pages = | accessdate =2008-05-21 | language = | archive-date =2023-07-23 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20230723031416/https://www.mtv.com/episodes?vid=86194 | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | title=For The Record: Quick News On Foo Fighters, 'Daredevil,' Saliva, Glassjaw, Iron Maiden, Stone Sour & More | date=2003-01-03 | publisher= | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1459365/20030103/foo_fighters.jhtml | work=MTV | pages= | accessdate=2008-05-21 | language= | archive-date=2009-01-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101225012/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1459365/20030103/foo_fighters.jhtml | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=credits>{{Cite album-notes|title=One by One Bonus Extra DVD|artist=Foo Fighters|publisher=[[RCA Records]]|format=CD+DVD|year=2002}}</ref> |- |1995 |"I'll Stick Around" |[[Gerald Casale]] |- |1996 |"Big Me" |[[Jesse Peretz]] |- |rowspan="2"|1997 |"Monkey Wrench" |[[Dave Grohl]] |- |"Everlong" |[[Michel Gondry]] |- |rowspan="2"|1998 |"My Hero" |[[Dave Grohl]] |- |"Walking After You" |[[Matthew Rolston]] |- |1999 |"Learn to Fly" |[[Jesse Peretz]] |- |rowspan="3"|2000 |"Breakout" |[[The Malloys]] |- |"Generator" | |- |"Next Year" |[[Phil Harder]] |- |rowspan="4"|2002 |"The One" |[[Jesse Peretz]] |- |"All My Life" |[[Dave Grohl]] |- |"Walking a Line" |Jordyn Blum and Chris Osterhus |- |"Times Like These" |[[Liam Lynch (musician)|Liam Lynch]] |- |2004 |"Low" |[[Jesse Peretz]] |- |rowspan="3"|2005 |"Best of You" |[[Mark Pellington]] |- |"DOA" |rowspan=3|Mike Palmieri |- |"Resolve" |- |2006 |"No Way Back" |- |rowspan="2"|2007 |"The Pretender" |Sam Brown |- |"Long Road to Ruin" |[[Jesse Peretz]] |- |2009 |"Wheels" |Sam Brown |- |rowspan="15"|2011 |"White Limo" |rowspan=2|[[Dave Grohl]]<ref>[http://www.bandit.se/webbradio/frameset.php?type=audio&id=3948 Bandit Stockholm - Webbradio<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |- |"Rope" |- |"Bridge Burning" (Contest Winner Version*) |Will Doyle & Richard Peete<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/bridge-burning-video-sucks-contest-directed-will-doyle-richard-peete |title=Bridge Burning (This Video Sucks Contest: Directed by Will Doyle & Richard Peete) {{!}} The Official Foo Fighters Site<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2011-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710083114/http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/bridge-burning-video-sucks-contest-directed-will-doyle-richard-peete |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"Rope" (Contest Winner Version*) |Djay Brawner<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/rope-video-sucks-contest-directed-djay-brawner |title=Rope (This Video Sucks Contest: Directed by DJay Brawner) {{!}} The Official Foo Fighters Site<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2011-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711222605/http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/rope-video-sucks-contest-directed-djay-brawner |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"Dear Rosemary" (Contest Winner Version*) |Karl Richter<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/dear-rosemary-video-sucks-contest-directed-karl-richter |title=Dear Rosemary (This Video Sucks Contest: Directed by Karl Richter) {{!}} The Official Foo Fighters Site<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2011-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710085323/http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/dear-rosemary-video-sucks-contest-directed-karl-richter |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"White Limo" (Contest Winner Version*) |Randy Scott Slavin<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/white-limo-video-sucks-contest-directed-randy-scott-slavin |title=White Limo (This Video Sucks Contest: Directed by Randy Scott Slavin) {{!}} The Official Foo Fighters Site<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2011-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630073503/http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/white-limo-video-sucks-contest-directed-randy-scott-slavin |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"Arlandria" (Contest Winner Version*) |Nicholas Spaventa<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/arlandria-video-sucks-contest-directed-nicholas-spaventa |title=Arlandria (This Video Sucks Contest: Directed by Nicholas Spaventa) {{!}} The Official Foo Fighters Site<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2011-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710091847/http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/arlandria-video-sucks-contest-directed-nicholas-spaventa |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"These Days" (Contest Winner Version*) |Jay Hollinsworth<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/these-days-video-sucks-contest-directed-jay-hollinsworth |title=These Days (This Video Sucks Contest: Directed by Jay Hollinsworth) {{!}} The Official Foo Fighters Site<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2011-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710084732/http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/these-days-video-sucks-contest-directed-jay-hollinsworth |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"Back & Forth" (Contest Winner Version*) |Justin Staggs<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/back-forth-video-sucks-contest-directed-justin-staggs |title=Back & Forth (This Video Sucks Contest: Directed by Justin Staggs) {{!}} The Official Foo Fighters Site<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2011-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620063938/http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/back-forth-video-sucks-contest-directed-justin-staggs |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"A Matter of Time" (Contest Winner Version*) |Genie Wiggins<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/matter-time-video-sucks-contest-directed-genie-wiggins |title=A Matter Of Time (This Video Sucks Contest: Directed by Genie Wiggins) {{!}} The Official Foo Fighters Site<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2011-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715021923/http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/matter-time-video-sucks-contest-directed-genie-wiggins |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"Miss the Misery" (Contest Winner Version*) |Pete Levin<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/miss-misery-video-sucks-contest-directed-pete-levin |title=Miss The Misery (This Video Sucks Contest: Directed by Pete Levin) {{!}} The Official Foo Fighters Site<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2011-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707011745/http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/miss-misery-video-sucks-contest-directed-pete-levin |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"I Should Have Known" (Contest Winner Version*) |Daniel Fickle<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/i-should-have-known-video-sucks-contest-directed-daniel-fickle |title=I Should Have Known (This Video Sucks Contest: Directed by Daniel Fickle) {{!}} The Official Foo Fighters Site<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2011-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615043855/http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/i-should-have-known-video-sucks-contest-directed-daniel-fickle |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"Walk" (Contest Winner Version*) |Phil Hodges<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/walk-video-sucks-contest-directed-phil-hodges |title=Walk (This Video Sucks Contest: Directed by Phil Hodges) {{!}} The Official Foo Fighters Site<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2011-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712092114/http://www.foofighters.com/us/videos/walk-video-sucks-contest-directed-phil-hodges |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"Walk" |Sam Jones<ref>[http://www.videostatic.com/vs/2011/06/watch-it-foo-fighters-walk-sam-jones-dir.html Video Static Music Video News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |- |"Hot Buns" |[[Dave Grohl]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinemablend.com/pop/Foo-Fighters-Get-Frisky-Trucker-Shower-Their-Hot-Buns-Music-Video-34734.html |title=Pop Blend News<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2014-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083330/http://www.cinemablend.com/pop/Foo-Fighters-Get-Frisky-Trucker-Shower-Their-Hot-Buns-Music-Video-34734.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2012 |"These Days" |[[Wayne Isham]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aux.tv/2012/01/watch-the-new-foo-fighters-video-these-days/ |title=Watch the new Foo Fighters video, “These Days” {{!}} AUX New Music<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2012-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710233423/http://www.aux.tv/2012/01/watch-the-new-foo-fighters-video-these-days/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | colspan="8" style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;"| * "Contest Winner Version" videos were commissioned and paid for by Foo Fighters and RCA Records. Directors were picked from a national contest.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://thisvideosucks.foofighters.com/rules.html |title=Foo Fighters - My Video Sucks Contest<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2011-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107124208/http://thisvideosucks.foofighters.com/rules.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} ==Other appearances== {| class="wikitable" |- !Year !Song !Album |- |rowspan="3"|1996 |"Alone+Easy Target" |''[[Big Shiny Tunes]]'' |- |"[[This Is a Call]]" |''[[Triple J Hottest 100]] Volume 3'' |- |"[[Down in the Park]]" |''[[Songs in the Key of X]]: Music From and Inspired by The X-Files'' |- |rowspan="2"|1997 |"[[This Is a Call]]" (live) |''[[Tibetan Freedom Concert (album)|Tibetan Freedom Concert]] |- |"Dear Lover" |''[[Scream 2#Soundtrack|Scream 2: Music From The Dimension Motion Picture]]'' |- |rowspan="6"|1998 |"[[Baker Street (song)|Baker Street]]" |''Come Again / Essential Interpretations'' |- |"[[A320 (song)|A320]]" |''[[Godzilla: The Album|Godzilla Soundtrack]]'' |- |"[[Walking After You]]" |''[[The X-Files: The Album]]'' |- |"[[Friend of a Friend (song)|Friend of a Friend]]" (live) |''Melody Maker: Steve Lamacq's Bootleg Session'' |- |"[[My Hero (song)|My Hero]]" |''[[Big Shiny Tunes 3]]'' |- |"[[Monkey Wrench (song)|Monkey Wrench]]" |''[[Triple J Hottest 100]] Volume 5'' |- |rowspan="2"|1999 |"[[My Hero (song)|My Hero]]" |''[[Varsity Blues (film)|Varsity Blues]] Soundtrack'' |- |"[[I'll Stick Around]]" |''[[MTV]]: The First 1000 Years: Rock'' |- |rowspan="6"|2000 |"[[Have a Cigar]]" (with [[Brian May]]) |''[[Mission: Impossible II (soundtrack)|Music from and Inspired by Mission: Impossible II]]'' |- |"[[Breakout (Foo Fighters song)|Breakout]]" |''[[Me, Myself & Irene#Soundtrack|Me, Myself & Irene Soundtrack]]'' |- |"[[Everlong]]" (live) |''Cold: Live at the Chapel'' |- |"[[My Hero (song)|My Hero]]" (Worcester Firefighters Tribute mix) |''[[WAAF (FM)#CD releases|WAAF Survive This!]]'' |- |"[[My Hero (song)|My Hero]]" (live) |''[[Live X#Live X 6 - Walk Unafraid|Live X6 Walk Unafraid]]'' |- |"[[Learn to Fly]]" |''[[Triple J Hottest 100]] Volume 7'' |- |rowspan="3"|2001 |"[[Generator (song)|Generator]]" |''[[Triple J Hottest 100]] Volume 8'' |- |"Win or Lose" |''[[Out Cold (2001 film)#Soundtrack|Music from the Motion Picture Out Cold]]'' |- |"[[The One (Foo Fighters song)|The One]]" |''[[Orange County (film)#Soundtrack|Orange County: The Soundtrack]]'' |- |rowspan="3"|2002 |"[[All My Life (Foo Fighters song)|All My Life]]" |''[[Triple J Hottest 100]] Volume 10'' |- |"[[Generator (song)|Generator]]" |''[[Disrespective|Big Day Out Disrespective]]'' |- |"[[The One (Foo Fighters song)|The One]]" |''[[Big Day Out 03 (album)|Big Day Out 03]]'' |- |2004 |"Gas Chamber" |''[[Rock Against Bush, Vol. 2]]'' |- |2005 |"Danny Says" |''Little Steven's Underground Garage Presents: CBGB Forever'' |- |2006 |"[[DOA (song)|DOA]]" (live) |''[[Radio 1's Live Lounge]]'' |- |rowspan="3"|2007 |"[[Band on the Run (song)|Band on the Run]]" |''[[Radio 1: Established 1967]]'' |- |"Razor" |''[[Catch and Release (film)#Soundtrack|Catch and Release]] soundtrack'' |- |"Times Like These" (live) |''[[Radio 1's Live Lounge - Volume 2]]'' |- |2010 |"Virginia Moon" (featuring [[Norah Jones]]) |''[[...Featuring (Norah Jones album)|...Featuring]]'' |- |rowspan="2"|2011 |"Walk" |''[[Thor (film)#Soundtrack|Thor]] soundtrack |- |"Miss the Misery" |''[[Real Steel]]'' soundtrack |} ==ReferenSI== {{reflist|2}} {{Foo Fighters}} {{featured list}} [[Kategori:Grup musik Amérikah Sarékat]] pz9p9ce13b7xlzc0l7rp3ef2xhygg24 Grover Cleveland 0 92323 1759998 1740298 2026-11-05T20:12:10Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox President | name=Grover Cleveland | image=President Grover Cleveland.jpg | office=Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat | order=24 | term_start=[[4 Maret]] [[1893]] | term_end=[[4 Maret]] [[1897]] | vicepresident=[[Adlai E. Stevenson I|Adlai E. Stevenson]] (1893-1897) | predecessor=[[Benjamin Harrison]] | successor=[[William McKinley]] | office2= Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat | order2=22 | term_start2=[[4 Maret]] [[1885]] | term_end2=[[4 Maret]] [[1889]] | vicepresident2=[[Thomas A. Hendricks]] (1885, [[Pratélan Pemimpin kang tilar donya nalika lagi njabat|meninggal saat menjabat]]),<br />''Tidak ada'' (1885–1889) | predecessor2=[[Chester A. Arthur]] | successor2=[[Benjamin Harrison]] | office3= Gubernur New York | order3=28 | term_start3= [[1 Januari]] [[1883]] | term_end3= [[6 Januari]] [[1885]] | lieutenant3= [[David B. Hill]] | predecessor3= [[Alonzo B. Cornell]] | successor3= David B. Hill | birth_date=[[18 Maret]] [[1837]] | birth_place= [[Caldwell, New Jersey|Caldwell]], [[New Jersey]] | death_date={{death date and age|1908|6|24|1837|3|18}} | death_place= [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], New Jersey | spouse=[[Frances Cleveland|Frances Folsom Cleveland]] | occupation=[[Pengacara]] | party=[[Parté Dhémokrat (Amérika Sarékat)|Dhémokrat]] | signature=Grover Cleveland Signature.png | religion=[[Presbiterian]] |}} '''Stephen Grover Cleveland''' ({{lahirmati|[[Caldwell, New Jersey|Caldwell]], [[New Jersey]]|18|3|1837|[[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], New Jersey|24|6|1908}}) ya iku [[Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat|Présidhèn]] [[Amérika Sarékat]] angka 22 (1885–1889)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/grovercleveland/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2009-01-22 |archive-date=2009-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122233630/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/grovercleveland/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> dan ke-24 (1893–1897)<ref>Suhindriyo. 1999. Biografi Singkat Présidhèn-Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Nusatama, hal.82</ref>. Panjenengané gur salah sijining présidhèn kang njabat peng pindo katurut-turut. Panjenengané uga minangka gur siji [[Parté Dhémokrat (Amérika Sarékat)|Dhémokrat]] kang kapilih minangka présidhèn ing mangsa nalika [[Parté Républik (Amérika Sarékat)|Parté Républik]] ndominasi pulitik antarané [[taun]] 1860 lan 1912<ref>http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0760607.html</ref>, lan sijiné wong Dhémokrat kang kapilih sawisé [[Perang Sedulur Amérika|Perang Saudara]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/cleveland |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-04 |archive-date=2012-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101102000/http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/cleveland |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Para pangagumé muji amarga kejujuran, independensi lan integritasé. Minangka pemimpin saka [[Dhémokrat Bourbon]], panjenengané nentang imperialisme, pajak, korupsi, patronage (perlindungan mirunggan, lumrahé kanggo pengusaha), subsidi, lan kebijakan-kebijakan kang gawé inflasi, sawatara nyekel karo prinsip-prinsip [[liberalisme klasik]]<ref>http://www.ipl.org/div/potus/gcleveland.html</ref>. Intervensiné ing [[Pemogokan Pullman]] nalika [[taun]] 1894 kanggo nggawé kereta tetap lumaku, njalari kelompok-kelompok serikat buruh pada nesu. Dukungané kanggo [[standar emas]] lan oposisiné karo [[pérak bébas]] nggawé nesu sewiwi agraria ing parténé<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/grover-cleveland</ref>. Para kritikus nyebut Cleveland kurang duwé imajinasi lan ketoke kelep jero ing babagan kegagalan ékonomi nagara, depresi lan pemogokan ing mangsa jabatane kang keloro<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://people.famouswhy.com/grover_cleveland/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219115216/http://people.famouswhy.com/grover_cleveland/ |archive-date=2024-12-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Penjenengane kelangan kendali saka parténe kang dikuwasai déning [[agrarianisme|kaum agrarian]] lan para pendukung [[pérak]] minangka standar moneter ("silverite") ing [[taun]] 1896<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/articles/Grover-Cleveland-9251050 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-04 |archive-date=2010-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100813130312/http://www.biography.com/articles/Grover-Cleveland-9251050 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} {{start box}} {{succession box|title=[[Walikota Buffalo]]|before=[[Alexander Brush]]|after=[[Marcus Drake]]|years= [[1882]]}} {{succession box|title=[[Gubernur New York]]|before=[[Alonzo B. Cornell]]|after=[[David B. Hill]]|years=[[1883]] – [[1885]]}} {{succession box | title=[[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Kandidat Présidhèn Parté Dhémokrat]] | before=[[Winfield Scott Hancock]]| after=[[William Jennings Bryan]]| years=[[Pemilu Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat 1884|1884]] (menang), [[Pemilu Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat 1888|1888]] (kalah), [[Pemilu Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat 1892|1892]] (menang)}} {{succession box|title=[[Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat]]|before=[[Chester A. Arthur]]|after=[[Benjamin Harrison]]|years=[[4 Maret]] [[1885]] – [[4 Maret]] [[1889]]|}} {{succession box|title=[[Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat]]|before=[[Benjamin Harrison]]|after=[[William McKinley]]|years=[[4 Maret]] [[1893]] – [[4 Maret]] [[1897]]|}} {{end box}} {{wikiquote}} {{USpresidents}} [[Kategori:Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Otodidak]] [[Kategori:Lair 1837]] [[Kategori:Pati 1908]] [[Kategori:Wong Amérika Sarékat]] nbtqyt2wkcxpj46x5lwqtgc1gzvadg0 Flagellata 0 92412 1759956 1690058 2026-11-05T17:51:13Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Haeckel Flagellata.jpg|thumb|Haeckel Flagellata]] [[Gambar:Giardia lamblia.jpg|thumb|Parassita (''[[Giardia lamblia]]'')]] [[Gambar:Chlamydomonas (10000x).jpg|thumb|Alga verde (''[[Chlamydomonas]]'')]] '''Flagellata''' yaiku jinis [[Protozoa]] kang obahé nganggo [[flagela]] kang jumlahé siji utawa luwih. Flagela iku dhapuré wujud [[pecut]].<ref name="internet1">{{Cite web |url=http://budisma.web.id/materi/sma/biologi-kelas-x/ciri-ciri-flagellata-dan-rhizopoda/ |title=Ciri-Ciri Flagellata dan Rhizopoda |access-date=2012-10-08 |archive-date=2012-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023094158/http://budisma.web.id/materi/sma/biologi-kelas-x/ciri-ciri-flagellata-dan-rhizopoda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Didelok saka dhapuré, Flagellata dikelompokaké dadi loro, yaiku kang dhapuré wujud tuwuhan, dijenengi [[fitoflagelata]] kang duwé [[klorofil]] lan duwé sipat [[fotosintetik]], tuladhané yaiku ''[[Euglena]]''. lan kang dhapuré wujud [[kéwan]] karan [[zooflagelata]], ora duwé klorofil lan sipaté [[heterotrof]], tuladhané yaiku ''[[Trypanosoma]]''.<ref name="internet1"/> Flagellata lumrahé urip ing [[banyu]], ana uga kang urip dadi [[parasit]] ing awak [[maungsa]] lan [[kéwan]]. Flagellata duwé buluh cambuk lan bentuki awak kang ajek. [[Reproduksi]] [[aseksual]] kanthi cara pembelahan binèr lan reproduksi [[sèksual]] kanthi cara [[konjugasi]].<ref name="internet2">{{Cite web |url=http://sukasains.com/materi/klasifikasi-lima-kingdom/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101133202/http://sukasains.com/materi/klasifikasi-lima-kingdom |archive-date=2012-11-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Cathetan sikil == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Protista]] [[Kategori:Protozoa]] 6ihgkeow68vgjb1c671im43s34l04i7 Korn 0 92460 1760192 1748962 2026-11-06T06:40:53Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} {{Otheruses}} {{Infobox musical artist | Name = KoЯn | Img = | Img_capt = | Img_size = | Landscape = | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield]], California, Amérikah Sarékat | Genre = [[nu metal]], [[alternative metal]] | Years_active = 1993 - saiki | Label = [[Roadrunner Records]], [[Epic Records|Epic]]/ [[Immortal Records|Immortal]], [[EMI]]/ [[Virgin Records|Virgin]] | Associated_acts = [[Jonathan Davis and the SFA]], [[Brian Head Welch]], [[Fieldy's Dreams|Fieldy's Nightmare]], [[StillWell]], [[Fear and the Nervous System]], [[Sexart]],[[M. Shadows]], [[L.A.P.D. (band)|L.A.P.D.]], Creep | URL = [http://modlife.com/korn www.korn.com] | Current_members = [[Jonathan Davis]]<br />[[James Shaffer|James "Munky" Shaffer]]<br /> [[Reginald Arvizu|Reginald "Fieldy" Arvizu]]<br /> [[Ray Luzier]] | Past_members = [[Brian Welch|Brian "Head" Welch]]<br />[[David Silveria]] }} [[Gambar: Korn_Reuni.jpeg|thumb|250px|Korn nalika [[Brian "Head" Welch]] reuni]] '''KoЯn''' (katulis minangka '''KoЯn''') ya iku grup musik heavy metal saka Amérikah Sarékat ingkang diwiwiti sak kutha [[Bakersfield]], [[California]], [[Amérikah Sarékat]] rikala taun 1993. Formasi band saiki namung cekap sekawan anggota: Jonathan Davis, James "Munky" Shaffer, Reginald "Fieldy" Arvizu, lan Ray Luzier. Band iki didamel sabanjuré L.A.P.D. bubar (band saka 3 anggota Korn sadurungé). Korn didamel rikal taun 1993, taun ingkang kapisan ngerilis album, Neidermeyer's Mind.<ref>[http://www.discogs.com/Korn-Neidermeyers-Mind/release/414666 Discogs]. dipununduh 9 Oktober 2012.</ref> Album iki ngudhari kalih bèkas anggota Korn, Brian "Head" Welch lan David Silveria. Album kapisan piyambak, Korn, dirilis rikala taun 1994, ing wigatine ngudhari ingkang sami kaya ta album Neidermeyer's Mind. Korn miwiti rekam Life Is Peachy rikala April 1996, lan dirilis labuh 15 Oktober 1996. Album Follow The Leader dadi terobosan gaya musik utami Korn, nginggili tangga lagu Billboard 200 rikala taun 1998, banjur ngerilis album lajénge, Issues rikala taun 1999. Sabanjure malih ngerilis Untouchable ing labuh 11 Juni 2002, lan ngerilis Take a Look In The Mirror 21 November 2003, kapindho album ingkang diudhari nginggili top 10 Billboard 200. album kompilasi kapisan piyambake, ana ing # 4 Billboard 200. See You In The Other Side dirilis rikala labuh 6 Dhésèmber 2005, lan album Untitled dirilis 2 taun sasampune, ya iku tanggal 31 Juli 2007, Korn III: Remember Who You Are dirilis 2010.<ref name="munky">{{cite web|url = http://www.backstageaxxess.com/index.php/interviews/50-munkyofkorn|publisher = BackstageAxxess.com|title = Guitarist Munky of Korn|author = Gus Griesinger|accessdate = 2012-10-09|archive-date = 2011-07-07|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110707203826/http://www.backstageaxxess.com/index.php/interviews/50-munkyofkorn|url-status = dead}}</ref> Korn saat ini memiliki 33 single dan 17 lagu dalam pratélan Billboard<ref name="aus-2">{{cite web|url=http://Ostralin-charts.com/search.asp?search=Korn&cat=s|title=Ostralin singles chart|publisher=Ostralin-charts.com|accessdate=2012-10-09}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="uk">{{cite web | url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK_K.HTM | title=British chart | publisher=Zobbel.de | accessdate=2010-10-09}}</ref> 6 album video dan 32 video musik. Saat ini, Korn telah menjual 16.500.000 album di Amérika enam kali menjadi nominasi Grammy-dua di antaranya menang (untuk "Freak on a Leash" dan "Here To Stay")<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p144403|title=GRAMMY Awards|accessdate=2007-12-06|publisher=[[All Media Guide]]}}</ref> [[Gambar: Pasisirra_vs_Korn.jpg|thumb|250px|Korn vs [[Pasisirra]] ing tur 2013]] == Nominasi lan panghargyaan == Korn lajeng sampung ngadol 30 yuta album ing dunya,<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2012-10-09|url=https://www.dailynews.com/ci_6788815?source%253Dmost_viewed.20F88DA3D7D369F5BB70F372987EAE1F.html|title=Ex-Korn rocker singing a new tune |work=Los Angeles Daily News|date=2007-09-02|author=Anderson, Troy }}{{Dead link|date=May 2009}}</ref> cakup 16,5 yuta ing Amérika piyambak.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2012-10-09|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=tblTopArt&action=|title=Top Selling Artists |publisher=RIAA }}</ref> Korn berhasil menggondol 2 penghargaan dari 6 nominasi Grammy: satu untuk “Best Short Short Form Music Video” untuk lagu “Freak on a Leash” dan satu lagi “Here To Stay” <ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2008-07-20|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p144403|title=Korn Grammy Awards |publisher=allmusic }}</ref> kategori “Best Metal Performance”. Korn juga berhasil mendapatkan 2 penghargaan dan 10 nominasi di ajang MTV Video Music Award ya iku, “Best Rock Video” dan “Best Editing” untuk video “Freak on a Leash”. ;Grammy Awards The [[Grammy Award]]s are awarded annually by the [[National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences]]. Korn has received two awards from seven nominations.<ref name="awards">{{cite web|accessdate=2008-07-20|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/artists-k/korn.htm|title=Korn |publisher=Rock on the Net }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2008-07-20|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2000/01/05/DD36893.DTL&type=music|title=The Nominees for the Grammy Awards|work=San Francisco Chronicle|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201034146/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2000/01/05/DD36893.DTL&type=music}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2012-10-09|url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/awards/grammys/2003-01-07-grammy-complete-list_x.htm|title=Complete list of Grammy Award winners |work=USA Today|date=2003-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://legacy.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=150243 |title=Blabbermouth.Net - Iron Maiden, Slayer, Megadeth, Ozzy, Korn Among Grammy Awards Nominees |publisher=Legacy.roadrunnerrecords.com |date= |accessdate=2012-10-09 |archive-date=2012-07-10 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710040419/http://legacy.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=150243 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | {{grammy|1997}} || "[[Shoots and Ladders (song)|Shoots and Ladders]]" || [[panghargyaan Best Metal Performance]] || {{nom}} |- | {{grammy|1998}} || "[[No Place to Hide (song)|No Place to Hide]]" || panghargyaan Best Metal Performance || {{nom}} |- |rowspan="2"| {{grammy|2000}} ||rowspan="2"| "[[Freak on a Leash]]" || [[panghargyaan Best Hard Rock Performance]] || {{nom}} |- | [[panghargyaan Best Short Form Music Video]] || {{menang}} |- | {{grammy|2003}} || "[[Here to Stay (Korn song)|Here to Stay]]" || panghargyaan Best Metal Performance || {{menang}} |- | {{grammy|2004}} || "[[Did My Time]]" || panghargyaan Best Metal Performance || {{nom}} |- | {{grammy|2011}} || "[[Let the Guilt Go]]" || panghargyaan Best Metal Performance || {{nom}} {{end}} ;MTV Video Music Awards The [[MTV Video Music Awards]] sampun diwiwiti saka taun 1984 [[MTV]] kanggo ngajeni [[music video]]s of the year. Korn nampa 2 panghargyaan saka 11 nominasi.<ref name=awards /><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2008-07-20|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/1999/|title=MTV Video Music Awards – 1999|publisher=MTV|archive-date=2008-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912094945/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/1999/|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- |rowspan="9"| {{mtvvma|1999}} ||rowspan="9"| "Freak on a Leash" || panghargyaan Best Rock Video || {{menang}} |- | Breakthrough Video || {{nom}} |- | Best Direction || {{nom}} |- | Best Special Effects || {{nom}} |- | Best Art Direction || {{nom}} |- | Best Editing || {{won}} |- | Best Cinematography || {{nom}} |- | Viewer's Choice || {{nom}} |- | Video of the Year || {{nom}} |- | {{mtvvma|2000}} || "[[Falling Away from Me]]" || Best Rock Video || {{nom}} |- | {{mtvvma|2002}} || "Here to Stay" || Best Rock Video || {{nom}} {{end}} ;MTV Europe Music Awards The [[MTV Europe Music Awards]] ya iku acara paring panghargyaan kanggo juru main musik diwiwiti saka taun 1994 karo [[MTV Europe]]. Korn nampa 1 nominasi.<ref name=awards /><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2008-07-20|url=http://www.nme.com/news/justin-timberlake/24395|title=Nominations for MTV Europe Music Awards announced |work=NME }}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | 2006 || Korn || pangharyaan Best Alternative Act || {{nom}} {{end}} ;MTV Asia Awards The [[MTV Asia Awards]] ya iku panghargyaan ingkang sampun diwiwiti saka taun 2002 karo [[MTV]] television network. Korn nampa 1 award.<ref name=awards /><ref>{{cite web|date=2006-05-07|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200605/s1632359.htm|title=Stars shine at MTV Asia Awards|publisher=ABC|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517120155/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200605/s1632359.htm|archivedate=2006-05-17|access-date=2012-10-09|url-status=live}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | 2006 || "[[Twisted Transistor]]" || Video apik || {{menang}} {{end}} ;Revolver Golden Gods Awards The Revolver Golden Gods Awards ya iku panghargyaan ingkang sampun diwiwiti saka taun 2009 karo [[Revolver Magazine]]. Korn diparingi panghargyaan Hard Rock and Heavy Metal music. Korn nampa 1 panghargyaan lan 5 nominasi.<ref name="loudwire1" />{{cite web|url=http://www.metalinjection.net/latest-news/revolver-golden-gods-awards-2010-nominees-announced |title=REVOLVER GOLDEN GODS AWARDS 2010 Nominees Announced &#124; Latest News |publisher=Metal Injection |date=2012-10-09 |accessdate=2012-10-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metalinjection.net/latest-news/revolver-golden-gods-2012-nominees-announced-to-be-broadcast-live-online-xbox |title=REVOLVER GOLDEN GODS AWARDS 2012 Nominees Announced; To Be Broadcast Live Online & Xbox &#124; Latest News |publisher=Metal Injection |date=2012-02-16 |accessdate=2012-10-09}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | 2010 || [[Jonathan Davis]] || penyanyi apik || {{nom}} |- | rowspan="4"| 2012 || Jonathan Davis || penyanyi apik || {{nom}} |- | [[James Shaffer|James "Munky" Shaffer]] || Riff Lord || {{nom}} |- | [[Reginald Arvizu|Reginald "Fieldy" Arvizu]] || [[Paul Gray]] bassis apik || {{nom}} |- | ''[[The Path of Totality]]'' || Album of the Year || {{menang}} {{end}} ;Kerrang! Awards The [[Kerrang! Awards]] ya iku panghargyan saka Majalah [[Kerrang!]] sampun diwiwiti saka taun 1993. Korn diparingi pangharyan 3 lan nominasi 2.<ref name="kerrang.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://members.fortunecity.com/kornfrek/articles/korn27.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-05-07 |archive-date=2012-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507203030/http://members.fortunecity.com/kornfrek/articles/korn27.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | 1997 || ''[[Life Is Peachy]]'' || Best Album || {{menang}} |- | 2002 || "Here to Stay" || [[Kerrang! Award for Best Single|Best Single]] || {{nom}} |- | [[Kerrang! Awards 2011|2011]] || Korn || Hall of Fame || {{menang}} {{end}} ;MuchMusic Video Awards The [[MuchMusic Video Awards]] ya iku pangaryaan saka nagara [[Kanada]] kanggo pemusik lewat acara [[MuchMusic]].<ref name=awards /> {{awards table}} |- | 1999 || "Freak on a Leash" || Best International Video || {{nom}} |- | 2002 || "Here to Stay" || Best International Video (Group) || {{menang}} {{end}} ;Metal Edge Readers' Choice Awards Majalah [[Metal Edge]], ingkang dicethak saka 1985 nganti 2009. {|class="wikitable" |- !Year !Winner !Category |- |1999 |Issues |Album Of the Year |- |1999 |Issues |Album Cover of the Year |- |1999 |Falling Away From Me |Song of the Year |- |1999 |Freak on a Leash |Music Video of the Year |- |1999 |Korn |Band of the Year |- |1999 |Fieldy |Bassist of the Year |- |1999 |Jonathan Davis |Vocalist of the Year<ref name="Metal Edge, 9 Oktober 2012">Metal Edge, 9 Oktober 2012</ref> |- |2002 |Korn |Comeback of the Year |- |2002 |Fieldy |Bassist of the Year |- |2002 |Here to Stay |Music Video of the Year |- |2002 |Untouchables |Album of the Year |- |2002 |Untouchables |Album Cover of the Year<ref name="Metal Edge, 9 Oktober 2012"/> |- |2003 |Korn |Favorite Ozzfest Band |- |2003 |Did My Time |Best Song From a Movie Soundtrack<ref name="Metal Edge, 9 Oktober 2012"/> |} <gallery perrow="5" caption="" widths="150" heights="150"> Korn Rock Im Park 2016 (11 von 14).jpg| Reginald „Fieldy“ Arvizu Korn Rock Im Park 2016 (12 von 14).jpg|James „Munky“ Shaffer Korn Rock Im Park 2016 (5 von 14).jpg|Jonathan Davis Korn Rock Im Park 2016 (2 von 14).jpg|Ray Luzier Korn Rock Im Park 2016 (10 von 14).jpg|Brian „Head“ Welch </gallery> == Diskografi == # ''[[Korn (album)|Korn]]'' # ''[[Life Is Peachy]]'' # ''[[Follow the Leader]]'' # ''[[Issues]]'' # ''[[Untouchables (album)|Untouchables]]'' # ''[[Take a Look in the Mirror]]'' # ''[[See You On the Other Side]]'' # ''[[Unplugged]]'' # ''[[untitled]]'' # ''[[Remember Who You Are]]'' # ''[[The Path Of Totality]]'' # ''[[The Paradigm Shift]]'' # ''[[The Serenity of Suffering]]'' # ''[[The Nothing]]'' # ''Requiem'' == Penampilan tamu ing lagu-lagu artis sanès == * "Sleepy Hollow" karo ''[[Deadsy]]'' saka "Deadsy" (1996) - Jonathan Davis ing vocals * "Ratamahatta" karo ''[[Sepultura]]'' saka "[[Roots]]" (1996) - David Silveria ing drums * "Look Away" karo ''[[Sepultura]]'' saka "[[Roots]]" (1996) - Jonathan Davis ing vocals * "Pig" karo ''[[Coal Chamber]]'' saka "Coal Chamber" (1997) - Jonathan Davis * "Counterfeit (Phat Ass Remix)" karo ''[[Limp Bizkit]]'' saka "Counterfeit Countdown" (1997) single - prodhuser karo Fieldy * "Should I Stay Or Should I Go" olèh ''[[Mack 10]]'' saka "Recipe" (1998) - tamu karo Head, Munky, Fieldy, and David Silveria * "Fuck Dying" karo ''[[Ice Cube]]'' saka "War & Peace Vol. 1" (1998) - Munky & Head ing guitars * "Revival" karo ''[[Orgy]]'' saka "Candyass" (1998) - Jonathan Davis ing vocals * "Ty Jonathan Down" karo ''[[Videodrone]]'' saka "Videodrone" (1999) - Jonathan Davis ing vocals * "Power Tools For Girls" karo ''Videodrone'' saka "Videodrone" (1999) - Head ing guitars * "Nobody Like You" karo ''[[Limp Bizkit]]'' saka "Significant Other" (1999) - Jonathan Davis ing vocals * "End of Time" karo ''[[Q-Tip]]'' saka "Amplified" (1999) - Jonathan Davis ing vocals * "Take It Back" karo "Strait Up" tribute compilation (2000) - Jonathan Davis ing vocals * "Easy Come, Easy Go" karo [[Kelis]] saka "Wanderland" (2001) - Fieldy ing bass * "1stp Klosr" karo [[Linkin Park]] saka "[[Reanimation]]" (2002) - Jonathan Davis ing vocals * "The Key To Gramercy Park" karo ''Deadsy'' saka "Commencement" (2002) - Jonathan Davis ing vocals * "Cut Throat" karo ''Marz'' saka "Gorilla Pimpin'" (2003) - Jonathan Davis ing vocals * "Wake Up Now" karo ''[[Notorious B.I.G.]]'' saka "Duets: The Final Chapter" (2005) - KoRn * "Jelly Tub" and "Dredful" olèh ''[[KCUF]]'' dari "Modern Primitive Punk" (2006) - Munky ing guitars ===Timeline=== <div style="text-align:center;"> <timeline> ImageSize = width:850 height:400 PlotArea = left:110 bottom:120 top:0 right:30 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:1993 till:01/05/2012 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Colors = id:Vocals value:gray(0.5) legend:Vocals id:Guitar value:orange legend:Guitars id:Bass value:green legend:Bass id:Drums value:red legend:Drums id:Lines value:black legend:Studio&nbsp;albums Legend = orientation:horizontal position:bottom ScaleMajor = increment:1 start:1994 LineData = at:11/10/1994 color:black layer:back at:15/10/1996 color:black layer:back at:18/08/1998 color:black layer:back at:16/11/1999 color:black layer:back at:11/06/2002 color:black layer:back at:21/11/2003 color:black layer:back at:06/12/2005 color:black layer:back at:31/07/2007 color:black layer:back at:13/07/2010 color:black layer:back at:06/12/2011 color:black layer:back BarData = bar:Davis text:"Jonathan Davis" bar:Munky text:"James 'Munky' Shaffer" bar:Head text:"Brian 'Head' Welch" bar:Fieldy text:"Reginald 'Fieldy' Arvizu" bar:Silveria text:"David Silveria" bar:Luzier text:"Ray Luzier" PlotData= width:10 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4) bar:Davis from:01/01/1993 till:end color:Vocals bar:Head from:01/01/1993 till:22/02/2005 color:Guitar bar:Munky from:01/01/1993 till:end color:Guitar bar:Fieldy from:01/01/1993 till:end color:Bass bar:Silveria from:01/01/1993 till:20/09/2006 color:Drums bar:Luzier from:11/11/2007 till:end color:Drums </timeline> </div> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Korn]] [[Kategori:Grup musik nu metal Amérika]] [[Kategori:Grup musik alternatif Amérika]] [[Kategori:Grup musik heavy metal California]] [[Kategori:Grup musik rap metal]] [[Kategori:Pemenang Grammy Award]] [[Kategori:Grup musik taun 1993]] 7h4748nit29dn1j7h88rzqkmnkywiwl Kondensator 0 92467 1760186 1695680 2026-11-06T06:27:23Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} '''Kondensator''' utawi asring dipunsebat minangka '''kapasitor''' inggih punika satunggaling piranti ingkang saged [[penyimpanan|nyimpen]] [[ènergi]] ing salebeting [[medan listrik]], kanthi cara ngempalaken ingkang boten seimbang internal saking [[momotan listrik]]. Kondensator gadhah ékan ingkang dipunsebat [[Farad]] saking nama [[Michael Faraday]]. Kondensator ugi dipuntepang minangka "kapasitor", nanging tembung "kondensator" taksih dipun-ginakaken ngantos sapunika<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.beteve.com/detail-1-16.html Kondensator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117174121/http://www.beteve.com/detail-1-16.html |date=2013-01-17 }} (dipununduh 21/10/2012)</ref>. Ingkang pisanan dipunsebat déning [[Alessandro Volta]] minangka ilmuwan [[Italia]] ing taun [[1782]] (dari basa Itali ''condensatore''), gegayutan kaliyan kemampuan piranti kanggé nyimpen satunggaling momotan listrik ingkang inggil kabandhingake komponèn sanèsipun. Kathah saking basa lan nagara ingkang boten ngginakaken [[basa Inggris]] taksih ngacu saking tetembungan basa Italia "condensatore", [[basa Perancis]] ''condensateur'', [[Indonesia]] lan [[Jerman]] ''Kondensator'' utawi [[Spanyol]] ''Condensador''. * Kondensator gadhah kalih samparan lan kalih kutub inggih punika [[positif]] lan [[négatif]] sarta gadhah cuwèran [[elektrolit]] lan limrahipun wujudipun tabung. :[[Gambar:Polarized kondensator symbol 3.jpg]] ''Lambang kondensator (gadhah kutub) ing skema elektronika.'' * Manawi jinis ingkang satunggal malih kathah aji kapasitasipun langkung andhap, boten gadhah kutub positif utawi négatif ing samparan, kathaipun wujudipun bunder pipih warni coklat, abrit, ijo lan sanèsipun kados tablet utawi kancing rasukan. :[[Gambar:Capacitor_symbol.jpg]] ''Lambang kapasitor (boten gadhah kutub) ing skema elektronika.'' Nanging limrahipun lan kondisi sarta [[artikulasi]] [[basa]] saben nagara manut saking masarakat ingkang langkung asring nyebataken. Sapunika limrahipun tiyang kasebat namung nyebataken salah satunggaling nama ingkang langkung dominan dipun-ginakaken utawi langkung asring dipunpireng. Ing mangsa punika, kondensator asring dipunsebat kapasitor (''capacitor'') utawi kosok wangsulipun ingkang wonten ngèlmu elektronika dipunsingkat kanthi aksara ('''C'''). [[Gambar:Lithium Ionen Kondensator.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Lithium Ionen Kondensator]] == Kapasitansi == Ékan saking kapasitansi kondensator inggih punika [[Farad]] (''F''). Nanging Farad inggih punika ékan ingkang langkung ageng, pramila dipun-ginakaken: * Pikofarad (<math>pF</math>) = <math>1\times10^{-12}\,F</math> * Nanofarad (<math>nF</math>) = <math>1\times10^{-9}\,F</math> * Microfarad (<math>\mu\,F</math>) = <math>1\times10^{-6}\,F</math> Kapasitansi saking kondensator saged dipuntemtokaken kanthi rumus: <math>C=\epsilon_0\epsilon_r\frac{A}{d}</math> <math>C</math>: Kapasitansi <math>\epsilon_0</math>: permitivitas hampa <math>\epsilon_r</math>: permitivitas relatif <math>A</math>: luas pelat <math>d</math>:jarak antar pelat/tebal [[dielektrik]] Manawi cara damel ageng kapasitansi kapasitor utawi kondensator kanthi cara: # Sungsunipun lapis-lapis. # Jembaraken lumah variabel. # Ngginakaken bahan ingkang daya tembus ageng. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |- |+Permitivitas Relatif Dielektrik ![[Dielektrik]] ![[Permitivitas]] |- !Keramik rugi cendhèk |7 |- !Keramik k tinggi |50.000 |- !Mika pérak |6 |- !Kertas |4 |- !Film plastik |2,8 |- ![[Polikarbonat]] |2,4 |- ![[Polistiren]] |3,3 |- ![[Poliester]] |2,3 |- ![[Polipropilen]] |8 |- ![[Elektrolit]] [[aluminium]] |25 |- !Elektrolit [[tantalum]] |35 |} == Wujud lan Macam kondensator == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |- |+Karakteristik kondensator ! Tipe ! Jangkauan ! [[Toleransi]] (%) ! [[Tegangan AC]] lazim (V) ! [[Tegangan DC]] lazim (V) ! [[Koefisien suhu]] (ppm/C) ! [[Frekuensi pancung]] <math>f_R</math> (MHz) ! [[Sudut rugi]] (<math>\tan\;\delta</math>) ! [[Resistansi bocoran]] (<math>\Omega</math>) ! Stabilitas |- ! [[Kertas]] | 10 nF-10 uF | ± 10% | 500 V | 600 V | 300 ppm/C | 0,1&nbsp;MHz | 0,01 | 10<sup>9</sup> <math>\Omega</math> | lumayan |- ! [[Mika pérak]] | 5 pF-10 nF | ± 0,5% |- | 400 V | 100 ppm/C | 10&nbsp;MHz | 0,0005 | 10<sup>11</sup> <math>\Omega</math> | Baik sekali |- ! [[Keramik]] | 5 pF-1 uF | ± 10% | 250 V | 400 V | 30 ppm/C | 10&nbsp;MHz | 0,01 | 10<sup>8</sup> <math>\Omega</math> | Baik |- ! [[Polystyrene]] | 50 pF-500 nF | ± 1% | 150 V | 500 V |-150 ppm/C | 10&nbsp;MHz | 0,0005 | 10<sup>12</sup> <math>\Omega</math> | Baik sekali |- ! [[Polyester]] | 100 pF-2 uF | ± 5% | 400 V | 400 V | 400 ppm/C | 1&nbsp;MHz | 0,001 | 10<sup>11<sup> <math>\Omega</math> | Cukup |- ! [[Polypropylene]] | 1 nF-100 uF | ± 5% | 600 V | 900 V | 170 ppm/C | 1&nbsp;MHz | 0,0005 | 10<sup>10</sup> <math>\Omega</math> | Cukup |- ! [[Elektrolit aluminium]] | 1 uF-1 F | ± 50% | Terpolarisasi | 400 V | 1500 ppm/C | 0,05&nbsp;MHz | 0,05 | 10<sup>8</sup> <math>\Omega</math> | Cukup |- ! [[Elektrolit tantalum]] | 1 uF-2000 uF | ± 10% | Terpolarisasi | 60 V | 500 ppm/C | 0,1&nbsp;MHz | 0,005 | 10<sup>8</sup> <math>\Omega</math> | Baik |} == Jinis kondensator == Adhedhasar mupangatipun kondensator dipunpérang dados: # [[Kondensator tetap]] (aji kapasitasnya tetap tidak dapat diowah) # [[Kondensator elektrolit]] (Electrolite Condenser = [[Kondensator Elektrolit|Elco]]) # [[Kondensator variabel]] (aji kapasitasnya dapat diowah-ubah) == Uga delengen == * [[Komponèn elektronik]] == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.infoservicetv.com/cara-kerja-kapasitor.html Cara Kerja Kapasitor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313213333/http://www.infoservicetv.com/cara-kerja-kapasitor.html |date=2013-03-13 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130603084558/http://www.infoservicetv.com/cara-membaca-nilai-kapasitor.html Cara Membaca Nilai Kapasitor] {{komponèn elektronika}} [[Kategori:Kondensator|*]] [[Kategori:Penyimpan ènergi]] cjhqf7hwy8oxqggfr0gevmbsyj41k9s Gurla Mandhata 0 92480 1760006 1727457 2026-11-05T20:39:47Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mountain | name = Gurla Mandhata | photo = Mt Gurla Mandhata and wild Donkeys.jpg | photo_caption = Gurla Mandhata | elevation_m = 7694 | elevation_ref = <br /><small>[[List of highest mountains|Ranked 34th]]</small> | prominence_m = 2788 | prominence_ref = | map = China Tibet | map_caption = Location in southwestern Tibet | map_size = | label_position = right | listing = [[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]] | location = [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]], [[China]] | range = [[Nalakankar Himal]], [[Himalaya]] | lat_d = 30 | lat_m = 26 | lat_s = 18 | lat_NS = N | long_d = 81 | long_m = 17 | long_s = 57 | long_EW = E | coordinates_ref = | first_ascent = 1985 by Cirenuoji, Jiabu, Jin Junxi, K. Matsubayashi, Song Zhiyu, K. Suita, Y. Suita, T. Wada<ref name="neate"/> | easiest_route = West flank: snow/ice climb }} ] '''Gurla Mandhata''' papanipun dumunung wonten ing tlatah [[Nalakankar]] [[Himal]]. Gunung punika minangka sub [[Tibet]] [[Himalaya]]. Gunung punika manggèn wonten ing tlatah [[Ngari]] Tibet, [[China]], [[Asia]]. Gunung punika manggèn wonten ing sacelakipun gunung [[Kailash]]. Miturut géografi gunung punika manggèn wonten ing 30,2833 Lintang dan Bujur 81,2833 (30 ° 26 '18 "N, 81 ° 17' 57" E. Gunung punika minangka gunung ingkang inggilipun urutan nomer 34, inggilipun 7.964 mèter utawi 25.243 kaki.<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.whereisitlocated.net/where-is-gurla-mandhata-mountain-located / wonten pundi papanipun gunung Gurla Mandhata?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020134624/http://www.whereisitlocated.net/where-is-gurla-mandhata-mountain-located/ |date=2012-10-20 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 09 Oktober 2012)</ref> == Paminggahan == Gunung Gural Mandhata dipunminggahni kaping pisan déning Sino saking [[jepang]], nalika taun 1985. Miturut data ingkang inggal, tim èkspèdhisi saking [[Perancis]] ndamel KTT Gurla Mandhata èkspèdhisi.<ref name="internet 2">[http://www.peakclimbinginnepal.com/tibet-expedition/gurla-mandhata-expedition.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322193522/http://www.peakclimbinginnepal.com/tibet-expedition/gurla-mandhata-expedition.html |date=2012-03-22 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 09 Oktober 2012)</ref> == Jadwal Paminggahan == * Dinten 1 dumugi [[Kathmandu]] * Dinten 2 Muter-muter KAthmandu * Dinten 3 Nyawisaken uba rampe èkspèdhisi * Dinten 4 Tumuju [[Kodari]] [[Zhangmu]] * DInten 5 Tumuju Nyalam * Dinten 6 Aklimatisasi * Dinten 7 Tumuju tlaga [[Paiko Tso]] * DInten 8 Tumuju Saga * Dinten 9 Tumuju [[Pariyang]] * Dinten 10 Tumuju [[Darchen]] * Dinten 11Saking Dharcen tumuju [[Dhirapuk Gompa]] * Dinten 12 Saking Dhirapuk Gompa tumuju [[Zutulphuk]] * Dinten 13 Tumuju [[Mansarovar]] * Dinten 14 Tumuju Base Camp [[Mandata Gurla]] * Dinten 15-32 Ekspedisi paminggahan Gurla Mandhata * Dinten 33 Dumugi Base Camp * Dinten 34 Wangsul tumuju Pariyang * Dinten 35 Tumuju Saga * Dinten 36 Tumuju Paiko Tso * Dinten 37 Tumuju Nyalam * Dinten 38 Tumuju Zhangmu lan wangsul papan anggegana Kathmandu == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Gunung]] eyi2lbnch8vkcqe06uvuadk2px3q4fz Induktor 0 92964 1760045 1702007 2026-11-05T22:44:12Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760045 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Electronic component inductors.jpg|thumb|225px]] '''Induktor''' ya iku [[komponèn]] kang kasusun saka [[lilitan kawat]].<ref name="internet1">[http://abisabrina.wordpress.com/2010/07/14/komponen-dasar-elektronika-induktor], Kaunduh 19/10/12.</ref> Bebarengan [[kapasitor]], induktor bisa duwé fungsi minangka [[rerangkèn]] [[resonator]] kang bisa [[beresonasi]] ing [[frekuensi]] katentu.<ref name="internet1" /> induktor ya iku komponèn elektronika kang bisa nyiimpen ènergi ing medan maggnet kang disebapake déning [[arus listrik]] kang nglewati. Kemampuan induktor kanggo nyimpen ènergi magnet ditentokake déning [[induktansi]]ne, ing ékan [[Henry]]. Biasane induktor ya iku salah sijiné kawat kng diwangun dadi kumparan, lilitan mbantu gawé medan magnet kang kuwat ing jero kumpran amarga [[hukum induksi Faraday]].<ref name="internet2">[http://m-edukasi.net/online/2008/kapasitor/prinsipind.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111082243/http://m-edukasi.net/online/2008/kapasitor/prinsipind.html |date=2013-01-11 }}, tèks tambahan.</ref> ==Fungsi Induktor== #Nyimpen [[arus listrik]] kang awujud [[medan magnet]].<ref name="internet1" /> #Nahan arus bolak-balik ''AC''.<ref name="internet1" /> #Nerusake [[arus searah]] ''DC''.<ref name="internet1" /> #Minangka penapis ([[Filter]]).<ref name="internet1" /> #Minangka penalaan ([[tuning]]).<ref name="internet1" /> == Uga delengen == * [[Komponèn elektronik]] * [[Kondensator]] * [[Resistor]] * [[Memristor]] * [[Elektronika]] * [[Girator]] * [[Induktansi]] * [[Inti magnet]] * [[Gaya gerak magnet]] (GGM) * [[Solenoid]] * [[Transformator]] * [[Reaktansi]] * [[Sirkuit RL]] * [[Sirkuit RLC]] == Sinonim == * [[Koil]] * [[Choke]] * [[Reaktor]] == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} {{Komponèn elektronika}} [[Kategori:Penyimpen ènergi]] fc0nhnw5a4dhrc1a0eplgyjo5qfrbpk Gunung Lompobattang 0 93649 1760004 1730542 2026-11-05T20:32:08Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Gunung Lompobattang.jpg|thumb|Gunung Lompobattang]] '''Gunung Lompobattang''' inggih punika salah satunggaling [[gunung]] ing [[Kabupatèn Goa]], [[provinsi]] [[Sulawesi Selatan]], [[Indonésia]]. Gunung Lompobattang celak kaliyan [[Gunung Bawakaraeng]]. Manawi badhé minggah dhateng Gunung Lompobattang saged liwat [[kacamatan]] [[Tompobulu]]. Gunung Lompobattang mapan wonten ing titik koordinat 119°56'13? BT-05°21'25? LS, ingkang mapan wonten ing sisih kidul Makassar. Lopobattang tegesipun "Weteng Buncit". Gunung Lompobattang gadhah dhuwur 2.870 mèter sak nginggiling [[toya]] laut, kanthi suhu paling andhap inggih ing 15 drajat celcius saha suhu paling inggil ing titik 27 drajat celcius. Ambanipun gunung Lompobattang inggih kirang langkung 82.770 km2. == Jalur daki == Miturut cathetan géografisipun, Gunung Lompobattang mapan wonten ing Kacamatan Tompobulu (mapan ing sisih [[kidul]] saking kitha [[Makassar]]), Kabupatèn Gowa.<ref name="internet 2">[http://www.timhore.com/2008/05/gunung-lompobattang.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305152353/http://www.timhore.com/2008/05/gunung-lompobattang.html |date=2016-03-05 }} Gunung Lompobattang (dipunundhuh tanggal 12 Januari 2013)</ref> Manawi badhé dhateng Gunung Lompobattang saged saking manéka warni jalur, kados ta saking jalur Lembang Bu'ne ingkang saged dipuntuju saking Malakaji ing [[Kabupatèn Jeneponto]] ingkang mapan wonten ing sisih[[kilèn]] radi [[kidul]] saking pucukipun Gunung Lompobattang, saha jalur Lengkese ing [[Kabupatèn Gowa]] ingkang mapan wonten ing sisih kilèn pcukipun Gunung Lompobattang. == Flora saha Fauna == Gunung Lompobattang gadhah flora ingkang manéka warni kados ta [[Rotan]], Lantana camara, tahi angin, paku cagak, [[paku]] besar, [[lumut]] Aerobryum, [[Edelweis]], lan sapanunggalanipun. Déné fauna ing gunung Lompobattang punika sampun arang kapanggih kejawi [[babi]] hutan saha [[manuk]]-manuk ingkang miber ing tengahing alas.<ref name="internet 3">[http://bhuanagiri.tripod.com/gunung_lompobattang.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306203922/http://bhuanagiri.tripod.com/gunung_lompobattang.htm |date=2016-03-06 }} Gunung Lompobattang (dipunundhuh tanggal 12 Januari 2013)</ref> Hutan gunung Lompobattang punika kalebet vegetasi hutan pagunungan andhap saha hutan pagunungan inggil. Déné tuwuhan ingkang asring kapanggih inggih punika jinis ''Podocarpos'' (konifer Asli), ''Arega sp]], Pohon Mapel (Acercaesicum), Rotan, Paku Tiang, Paku Besar, Lantana camara verb, Tahi angin (Usnea/Lumut kerak/Lychenes), Azalea (Rhododendron), Arbei (Morus alba), Gaultheria celebica, Gaultheria viridifloria, Buni (diplycosi / berbau seperti gandapura), Lumut Aerobryum, lsp. Déné kéwan-kéwan ingkang saged kapanggih ing antawisipun Anoa (Bulbalus depressicrnius), babi hutan, babi rusa, burung coklat paruh panjang, garudha sulawesi dan semut Crematosaster. == Daya tarik == Saking titik dhuwur 2.870 mèter sak nginggiling toya laut punika, titik-titik [[lampu]] kitha Makassar nalika dalu saged katingal éndah sanget. Kajawi punika ugi saged dipuntingali sunset ingkang boten kalah éndah kaliyan sunset ing papan panggènan sanèsipun. Ing rikala wekdal saged katingal bunderan [[srengéngé]] ingkang kekethok [[awan]], saéngga ingkang katingal ing wingkingipun awan kasebat namung pérangan ngandhapipun kemawon. == Uga delengen == * [[Pratélan gunung ing Indonésia]] == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} {{Gunung ing Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Gunung ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Gunung ing Sulawesi Kidul]] d46ao6vdb8nxqgs2d9cw85c4nw11lhx Kanker 0 93692 1760136 1727786 2026-11-06T04:05:47Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Tumor Mesothelioma2 legend.jpg|thumb|right|Kanker katingal saking CT scan]] '''Puru ayal''' utawi '''kanker''' utawi [[neoplasma]] ganas inggih punika [[lelara]] kang dipuntengeri kanthi kasanèsan [[siklus sel]] khas kang njalari kamampuan [[sél]] kanggé: * gesang boten terkendali(pembelahan sel ngelangkungi wates normal) * nyerang [[jaringan (biologi)|jaringan biologis]] wonten ing caketipun. * pindhah ing [[jaringan]] [[sarira]] sanès lumantar sirkulasi rah utawi [[sistem limfatik]], dipunwastani [[metastasis]]. Tiga sipat ganas punika ingkang bèntenaken kanker saking [[tumor]] jinak.saged mbentuk tumor, wonten ugi ingkang boten, kados ta [[leukimia]].<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.mediasehat.com/utama07.php Pangertosan Kanker] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014195308/http://mediasehat.com/utama07.php |date=2012-10-14 }} (dipununduh 01 November 2012)</ref> == Bèntenipun tumor kaliyan kanker == Béntenipun tumor kaliyan kanker inggih punika: Tumor kapérang dados kalih inggih punika tumor ganas kaliyan tumor jinak. Tumor jinak namung gesang saha wujudipun éwah ageng, boten sanget bahaya, saha boten nyebar ing [[jaringan]]. Manawi tumor ganas inggih punika kanker ingkang gesang kathi rikat, boten terkendali saha ngrusak jaringan sanèsipun.<ref name="internet 2">[http://www.cancerhelps.com/kanker.htm Bentenipun tumor kaliyan kanker](dipununduh 01 November 2012)</ref> == Jinis Kanker == * [[Karsinoma]] yaiku kanker kang urip lan nyebar ing [[sel epitel]] * [[Sarkoma]] yaiku kanker kang urip lan nyebar ing [[jaringan panunjang]] kaya ta ing [[payudara]] * [[Leukemia]] yaiku kanker kang urip lan nyerang jaringan kang ngasilaken getih. * [[Limfoma]] yaiku kanker kang nyerang jaringan limpa. == Panyebab Kanker == Kanker dipunsebabaken saking pinten-pinten faktor, inggih punika: === Faktor keturunan === Faktor genetik njalari pinten-pinten kulawarga gadhah risiko langkung inggil kanggé ngalami kanker manawi dipunjejeraken kaliyan kulawarga sanèsipun. Mliginipun kanker ingkang bektaan genetik inggih punika, [[kanker payudara]], [[kanker indung telur]], [[kanker kulit]] saha [[kanker usus besar]]. === Faktor Lingkungan === * Ngrokok sigaret saged ningkataken risiko kadadosan [[kanker paru-paru]],[[kanker mulut]], [[kanker laring]] (pita suara), saha [[kandung kemih]]. * Sinar Ultraviolet saking srengéngé. * Radiasi ionisasi. === Faktor panganan ingkang ngewrat bahan kimia === panganan ugi saged dados faktor wigati ing kaknker, kautama [[kanker pencernaan]]. Tuladha panganan ingkang saged njalari kanker inggih punika: * panganan kang dipunasap utawi dipunasemaken (awujud acar), ningkataken kadadosanipun [[kanker lambung]]. * jat warna pakéan. * Logam berat kados ta [[merkuri]] ingkang asring wonten ing panganan ''seafood'' kang tercemar kados ta: kerang, [[ulam]], lsp. * panganan (manis,tepung) kang dipunproses kanthi langkung. === Virus === Virus kang dipuncurigani njalari kanker, inggih punika: * Virus Papilloma njalari kutil piranti kelamin(genitalis), minangka salah satunggaling jalaran kanker leher rahim wonten ing tiyang éstri. * Virus Sitomegalo njalari Sarkoma Kaposi (kanker sistem pembuluh darah kang dipuntengeri lesi kulit warnanipun [[abrit]]). * Virus Hepatitis B njalari [[kanker hati]]. * Virus Epstein-Bar(ing [[Afrika]]) njalari Limfoma Burkitt, ing [[Cina]] virus punika njalari [[kanker hidung]] saha [[kanker tenggorokan]]. * Virus Retro wonten ing manungsa mliginipun virus HIV njalari limfoma saha kanker darah sanèsipun. === Infeksi === * Parasit Schistosoma (bilharzia) njalari [[kanker kandung kemih]] amargi kadadosan iritasi wonten ing kandung kemih. * Parasit [[Fasciolopsis Buskii]] ing keong tetuwuhan (Panalitening [[Dr. Hulda Clark]] ing [[Canada]] * Infeksi déning Clonorchis njalari [[kanker pankreas]] saha saluran empedu. * Helicobacter Pylori punika bakteri kang njalari kanker lambung. === Faktor perilaku === * ngrokok, ngonsumsi panganan kang kathah [[lemak]], ombénan alkohol ugi minangka faktor perilaku. * perilaku sèksual inggih punika nglakokaken gayutan intim ing usia dini saha gantos-gantos pasangan. === Gangguan kaseimbangan hormonal === Hormon estrogen fungsinipun ngrangsang gesanganing [[sel]] kang cenderung njalari kanker, progesteron nglindungi pagesanganing sel kang langkung, limrahipun njalari risiko kanker payudara, kanker leher rahim, kanker rahim saha kanker prostat saha buah zakar ing tiyang jaler. === Faktor kejiwaan, émosional === Stres, njalari ganggguan kaseimbangan seluler sarira. === Radikal bébas === Radikal bébas inggih punika atom, gugus atom, utawi molekul ingkang gadhah electron bébas kang boten pasangan ing bundheran sekitaripun.<ref name="internet 3">[http://www.cancerhelps.com/penyebab-kanker.htm Panyebab Kanker] (dipununduh 01 November 2012)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Deleng uga == {{Commons|Cancer (illness)}} * [[Tumor]] * [[Onkologi]] * [[Estrogen]] * [[Asam askorbat]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.kankerindo.org/ Yayasan Kanker Indonésia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119132031/http://www.kankerindo.org/ |date=2012-11-19 }}—organisasi nirlaba yang bertujuan mengupayakan penanggulangan kanker di Indonésia. * [http://www.cancerhelps.co.id/ CancerHelps.co.id]—Portal Informasi/Pengobatan Kanker dan Tumor Indonésia. * [http://buahmerahpapua.web.id Buah Merah Obat Kanker] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129152926/http://www.buahmerahpapua.web.id/ |date=2020-01-29 }}—Buah Merah obat kanker <!-- * [http://kankerparu.org/main kankerparu.org]-informasi kanker paru di Indonésia * [http://www.cancer.org/docroot/STT/content/STT_1x_Cancer_Facts__Figures_2005.asp Cancer Facts & Figures 2005] - 2005 United States Cancer Statistics * [http://www.acor.org Association of Cancer Online Resources (ACOR)] * [http://www.aicr.org/ American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR)] * [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cancer.html Cancer] from [[MedlinePlus]] - provides links to news, general sites, diagnosis, treatment and alternative therapies, clinical trials, research, related issues, organizations, other MedlinePlus [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cancers.html Cancers Topics] and [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cancerlivingwithcancer.html Living with Cancer], and more. Also, links to pre-formulated searches of the [[MEDLINE]]/PubMed database for recent research articles. * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=cmed.TOC&depth=2 Cancer Medicine, 6th Edition] Textbook * [http://www.ibchelp.org Inflammatory Breast Cancer] - provides information about signs/symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, a forum, e-mail list, dictionary and much more. * [http://www.nccn.org National Comprehensive Cancer Network] - has free guidelines for professionals and many pages of quality information for patients with all types of cancers * [http://www.who.int/cancer/en/ The World Health Organisation's cancer site] A review of worldwide strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer. * [http://www.cancer.gov US National Cancer Institute] Government organization for research and treatment * [http://www.commonweal.org/pubs/choices/19.html Traditional Chinese Medicine--A Favored Adjunctive Therapy for American Cancer Patients] * [http://info.cancerresearchuk.org Cancer Research UK - Information Resource Centre] - in-depth cancer information and resources for general interest, cancer patients and professionals from the leading cancer charity in the UK. --> <!--*{{wikicitiespar|cancer|cancer|Cancer Help Infosite}}--> [[Kategori:Onkologi]] [[Kategori:Lelara]] [[Kategori:Kanker]] kcxk65uusxizzv1ju7of69hzonnypdk Iddah 0 93720 1760040 1656449 2026-11-05T22:22:51Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} {{wikify}} '''Iddah''', miturut basa, iku asalé saka tembung 'adad (wilanganlan ishaak itung-itungan), tiyang èstri ingkang ngétang lan njumlah dina lan masa haid utawa wanci suci. Miturut istilah, tembung iddah iku istilah kanggo wanita kang ngentèni kawiné sawisé dhèwèké ditinggal mati bojoné utawa sawisé dipegat kanthi ngentèni lairé bayiné utawa entèké quru' utawa entèké sasi kang wis ditamtuaké.<ref name="internet 1">[http://alislamu.com/ibadah/29-nikah/443-bab-iddah.htm]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 2 November 2012)</ref> Iddah ya iku wanciné ngentèni kanggo wong wadon kang ditinggal mati bojoné utawa pegat saka bojoné supaya olèh nikah manèh karo wong lanang liya. Ancasé iddah ya iku kanggo ndeleng apa kang wadon iku nembé meteng utawa ora. Yèn meteng, anak kang dikandhut brarti anak bojo kang nembé dipegat. Kanggo kang lanang duwé hak kanggo rujuk, wanci iddah iku kanggo mikir apa tetep pegat apa arep rujuk manèh.<ref name="Syamsuri 2007">Syamsuri, Pendidikan Agama Islam untuk SMA Kelas XII, 2007, kaca 62.Iddah</ref> [[Gambar: Iddah.jpg|thumb|250px|Ing pengadilan nalika pegat kanthi hukum]] == Hukum Iddah == Iddah wajib kanggo wong wadon kang dipegat déning bojoné, arep amarga mati utawa pegat amarga faktor liya.<ref name="internet 2">[http://fimadani.com/hikmah-adanya-massa-iddah-dalam-islam.htm]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 2 November 2012)</ref> Dalilé ana ing Q.S. Al-Baqarah:234. == Suwéné Wanci Iddah == * 1. Iddah amarga bojoné mati: * Kanggo kang wadon kang ora lagi meteng, arep wis kumpul karo bojoné kang mati utawa durung, wanci iddahé 4 sasi 10 dina. Paugeran iki adhedasar firman Allah ing Surat Al-Baqarah, 2:234.<ref name="internet3">[http://tanbihun.com/fikih/hukum-dan-macam-macam-iddah.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811215041/http://tanbihun.com/fikih/hukum-dan-macam-macam-iddah.htm |date=2025-08-11 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 2 November 2012)</ref> * Kanggo kang wadon kang nembé meteng, wanci iddahé ya iku nganti nglairaké. Paugeran iki dhedhasar Al-Quran Surah At-Talaq, 65:4. * 2. Iddah amarga talak, fasakh, lan khuluk * Kanggo kang wadon durung kumpul karo bojoné kang nembé waé pegat, ora ana wanci iddahé. Paugeran iki dhedhasar kaliyan Surat Al-Ahzab,33:49. * Kanggo kang wadon yèn wis kumpul, wanci iddahé ya iku: * a. Kanggo kang isih menstruasi, wanci iddahé ya iku 3 suciné. Paugeran iki dhedhasar Al-Quran Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:228. * b. Kanggo kang wadon kang ora menstruasi, amarga wis tuwa (menopause), wanci iddahé ya iku 3 sasi. Paugeran iki dhedhasar A-Quran Surah At-Talaq, 65:4. * c. Kanggo kang wadon kang nembé meteng, wanci iddahé ya iku nganti lairé bayiné. Paugeran iki dhedhasar Al-Quran Surah At-Talaq, 65:4.<ref name="Syamsuri 2007"/> == Hikmah Iddah == * Mènèhi kesempatan kang wadon lan kang lanang kanggo rujuk ménèh. * Supaya weruh yèn kang wadon nembé meteng, iku bapaké sapa. * Supaya kang wadon mèlu ngrasaké kesripahan kaya kulawargané, iku yèn amarga ditinggal mati kang lanang. == Pepalang kanggo Wong Wadon kang Nembé Wanci Iddah == * Ora éntuk nampa lamaran saka wong lanang liya. * Ora éntuk nikah. * Ora éntuk metu saka omah. * Ora éntuk dandan, kaya ta nganggo kklambi sutra, nganggo lenga wangi kang kebangetan, nganggo cat kuku, nganggo perhiasan.<ref name="internet 2"/> == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Hukum Islam Babagan Nikah]] 08i7qc6jzubxegckg0p488ow3qz8rgb Edin Džeko 0 93840 1759925 1757397 2026-11-05T16:01:50Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football player infobox | playername = Edin Džeko | image = [[File:20150331 2026 AUT BIH 2177 Edin Džeko (cropped).jpg|250px]] | dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1986|3|17|df=y}} | cityofbirth = [[Sarajevo]] | countryofbirth = [[Yugoslavia]]<!--at the time of his birth!--><ref name="edindzeko.com">{{cite web |url= http://www.edindzeko.com/ |title= Official Website |access-date= 2010-01-22 |publisher= edindzeko.com |archive-date= 2008-12-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081213002538/http://www.edindzeko.com/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> | height = {{height|m=1.92}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/edin-dzeko |title=Player Profile – Edin Dzeko |access-date=2011-09-03 |publisher=Premier League |archive-date=2011-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203071122/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/edin-dzeko |url-status=dead }}</ref> | position = [[Penyerang]] | currentclub = [[A.S. Roma]] | clubnumber = 10 | youthyears1 = 1996–2003 | youthclubs1 = [[FK Željezničar Sarajevo|FK Željezničar]] | years1 = 2003–2005 | years2 = 2005–2007 | years3 = 2005 | years4 = 2007–2011 | years5 = 2011–2016 | years6 = 2016-saiki | clubs1 = [[FK Željezničar Sarajevo|FK Željezničar]]<ref name="edindzeko.com" /><ref name="mirrorfootball.co.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/Edin-Dzeko-profile-10-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-Arsenal-target-article26864.html |title=Edin Dzeko profile: 10 things you need to know about the Arsenal target |access-date=2010-01-22 |work=Jody Houton and Ann Gripper |date=2009-06-06 |publisher=Mirror Football}}</ref> | clubs2 = FK Teplice | clubs3 = → FK Ústí nad Labem (''silihan'') | clubs4 = [[VfL Wolfsburg]] | clubs5 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] | clubs6 = [[A.S. Roma]] | caps1 = 40 | goals1 = 5 | caps2 = 43 | goals2 = 16 | caps3 = 15 | goals3 = 6 | caps4 = 111 | goals4 = 66 | caps5 = 27<!--please update also pcupdate when updating the goals and apps!--> | goals5 = 12 | nationalyears1 = 2003–2004 | nationalyears2 = 2006–2007 | nationalyears3 = 2007–saiki | nationalteam1 = Bosnia & Herzegovina U19 | nationalteam2 = Bosnia & Herzegovina U21 | nationalteam3 = {{timnas|Bosnia-Herzegovina|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | nationalcaps2 = 5 | nationalgoals2 = 1 | nationalcaps3 = 112 | nationalgoals3 = 59 | pcupdate = 22.00 16 Fébruari 2021 (UTC) | ntupdate = 16 Oktober 2021 }} '''Edin Džeko''' (diwaca [[IPA|ˈɛdin ˈdʒɛkɔ]], /edin jekó/, kanthi "o" seperti padha "botol"; {{lahirmati|[[Sarajevo]], [[Yugoslavia]]|17|3|1986}}) ya iku salah sijining juru main [[bal-balan]] profésional sing nduwé kebangsaan [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] sing main minangka striker kanggo [[Manchester City F.C.]] ing [[Liga Primer Inggris]] lan timnas [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]. == Karir == === Klub === Džeko naté main kanggo [[FK Željezničar Sarajevo|FK Željezničar]] saka [[taun]] 2003-2005.<ref name="edindzeko.com" /><ref name="mirrorfootball.co.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/Edin-Dzeko-profile-10-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-Arsenal-target-article26864.html |title=Edin Dzeko profile: 10 things you need to know about the Arsenal target |access-date=2010-01-22 |work=Jody Houton and Ann Gripper |date=2009-06-06 |publisher=Mirror Football}}</ref> Sasuwené ing kana, panjenengané main minangka juru main tengah lan ora patèk sukses ing posisiné mau. Awaké dianggep dhuwur banget lan kurang apik saka segi tèhnik.<ref name="edindzeko.com" /><ref name="mirrorfootball.co.uk"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nacional.hr/clanak/58936/dzeko-mislili-su-da-sam-balvan|title=Džeko: 'Mislili su da sam balvan'|access-date=28 Dhésèmber 2010|date=26 Mèi 2009|publisher=Nacional (weekly)|first=Dean|last=Sinovčić|trans-title=Džeko: 'They thought I was a log'|language=Croatian|archive-date=2012-06-22|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622190135/http://www.nacional.hr/clanak/58936/dzeko-mislili-su-da-sam-balvan}}</ref> Džeko salanjute pindah ing salah sijining klub ing [[Republik Ceko]], [[FK Teplice]] lan langsung disilihaké ing [[FK Ústí nad Labem|Ústí nad Labem]]. Sasuwené mangsa disilih, panjenengané nyétak enem gol saka ping 15 main. Setahun salanjuté, panjenengané bali ing FK Teplice lan main tekan 2007. Kanthi nyétak 13 gol saka 30 tetandhingan, panjenengané dadi top skor [[Liga Gambrinus]] mangsa 2006–07. Amarga penampilané mau, [[VfL Wolfsburg]] kepincut lan nukoni kanthi biaya 4&nbsp;yuta euro. === Wolfsburg === Sawisé pindah ing Wolfsburg, Džeko langsung gawé penampilan sing apik kanthi nyétak lima gol saka 11 tetandhingan. Panjenegané karan déning ''Sportal'' minangka penyerang paling apik ing paruh awal Bundesliga mangsa 2007-08. Ing akir mangsa kapisané ing [[Jerman]], Džeko nyétak 8 gol lan 7 ''assist''. Nanging Wolfsburg ing posisi lima klasemen akir, lolos kualifikasi [[Liga Éropah UEFA]] mangsa 2008–09. Sawisé Wolfsburg ngrekrut salah sijining juru main [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]. liyané, [[Zvjezdan Misimović]], mainé Džeko mundhak ing mangsa kaloro. Nyédaki tutup mangsa ing [[Mèi]] 2009, Džeko nyétak hattrick nalika nglawan TSG 1899 Hoffenheim] lan nyétak hat-trick manèh ing gawang Hannover 96 2 minggu salanjuté. Wolfsburg akhiré éntuk gelar Bundesliga sing kapisan. Džeko nyétak total 26 gol lan 10 ''assists'' ing liga saka 32 tetandhingan. Ing panggon kaloro ''top scorer'' Bundesliga, ing ngisor kanca saklubé, Grafite. Kaloroné dadi duet penyerang paling sukses ing sajarah Bundesliga.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/725/bundesliga/2009/05/23/1282105/bundesliga-comment-grafite-and-dzeko-a-match-made-in-heaven |publisher=Goal.com|access-date=19 Juni 2009 |date=23 Mèi 2009 |title=Grafite And Dzeko – A Match Made In Heaven}}</ref> Ing Piala DFB, panjenengané nyétak énem gol saka rong tetandhingan. Panjenengané uga nyétak 4 gol lan 2 ''assist'' saka 8 tetandhingan ing [[Liga Éropah UEFA]]. Amarga penampilané mau, panjenengané dinobataké minangka Pemain Paling Apik Tahunan Bundesliga.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=1065883.html |work=FIFA.com |access-date=19 Juni 2009 |date=3 Juni 2009 |title=Dzeko may stay at Wolfsburg |archive-date=2012-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112142659/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=1065883.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sanadyan éntul tawaran apik saka [[A.C. Milan|AC Milan]], Džeko tetep milih ing Wolfsbur lan nambah kontrak tekan [[Juni]] 2013.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11095_5466299,00.html | title = Dzeko delight at new deal | publisher=Sky Sports | date = 1 Agustus 2009 | access-date =5 Agustus 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.vfl-wolfsburg.de/55454+M553c05d6b03.html | title = Dzeko extends until 2013 | publisher=VfL Wolfsburg | date = 1 Agustus 2009 | access-date =2 Sèptèmber 2011}}</ref> Panjenengané nyétak gol sing kapisan ing ajang [[Liga Champions UEFA]] ing wulan [[September]] 2009, nalika kalah 2-1 nglawan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ing [[Old Trafford]].<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8278799.stm | title = Man Utd 2–1 Wolfsburg |publisher=BBC Sport | author=Jonathan Stevenson | date = 30 Sèptèmber 2009 | access-date =22 Januari 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://sport.scotsman.com/football/Man-Utd-2--1.5693826.jp | title = Man Utd 2 – 1 Wolfsburg: Giggs rolls back the years to hound out German champions Wolfsburg | publisher=Scotsman.com Sport | author=Simon Stone | date = 1 Oktober 2009 | access-date =22 Januari 2010}}</ref> Panjenengané dadi salah sijining saka 30 juru main sing lumebu nominasi [[Ballon d'Or]] 2009<ref>{{cite news |url=http://goal.com/en-us/news/174/uefa-champions-league/2009/09/30/1533224/man-united-2-1-wolfsburg-carrick-seals-hard-fought-victory |publisher=Goal.com |access-date=30 Sèptèmber 2009 |date=30 Sèptèmber 2009 |title=Man United 2–1 Wolfsburg: Carrick Seals Hard-Fought Victory |archive-date=2009-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004025111/http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/174/uefa-champions-league/2009/09/30/1533224/man-united-2-1-wolfsburg-carrick-seals-hard-fought-victory |url-status=dead }}</ref> lan dadi ''top scorer'' Bundesliga ing mangsa 2009–10 kanthi nyétak 22 gol. === Manchester City === [[Gambar:Dzeko FA Cup.jpg|right|thumb|Džeko menang ing [[Piala FA]] 2011 bareng [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]].]] Sawisé pirang-pirang spekulasi rame diomongné, [[Roberto Mancini]], pelatih saka [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], mènèhi konfirmasi ing 3 [[Januari]] 2011 menawaa biaya transfer 27&nbsp;yuta poundsterling (32&nbsp;yuta euro) wes disetujui kanggo transfer Džeko. Transfer mau dadi rekor transfer paling dhuwur kaloro kanggo City, sawisé transfer [[Robinho]] saka [[Real Madrid]] ing [[taun]] 2008 kanthi biaya 32.5&nbsp;juta poundsterling (42.5&nbsp;jut euro).<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sarajevo-x.com/sport/nogomet/clanak/110115091| title =Shine on you, crazy diamond | date = 15 Januari 2011 | access-date =16 Januari 2011 | publisher=Sarajevo-x.com}}</ref> Biaya transfer iki uga mecahaké rekor transfer Bundesliga,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://sportsport.ba/ino_fudbalp-49720.htm | title = Džeko nadmašio Gomeza | publisher=SportSport.ba | date = 9 Januari 2011 | access-date =10 Januari 2011}}</ref> rekor transfer [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] lan rekor transfer juru main [[Republik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia|ex-Yugoslavia]].<ref name="mondo.rs">{{cite web | url = http://www.mondo.rs/s194179/Sport/Dzeko_je_kralj_transfera_SFRJ.html | title = Džeko je kralj transfera SFRJ | publisher=MTS Mondo |date = 7 Januari 2011 | access-date =13 Januari 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://scsport.ba/v2/tekst.php?ID=13262 | title = Džeko je budućnost, zaboravite Balotellija i Adebayora | publisher = Sport Centar | date = 8 Januari 2011 | access-date = 9 Januari 2011 | archive-date = 2011-01-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110112015459/http://www.scsport.ba/v2/tekst.php?ID=13262 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sarajevo-x.com/sport/nogomet/clanak/110109081 | title = Džeko gledao City protiv Leicestera sa šalom oko vrata | publisher=Sarajevo-x.com | date = 9 Januari 2011 | access-date =9 Januari 2011}}</ref> === Internasional === Džeko main kanggo Bosnia wiwit timnas U-19. Tetandhingan debuté bareng Timnas [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] ya iku nalika nglawan [[Turki]] tanggal 2 [[Juni]] 2007. Panjenengané ngoleksi 9 gol sasuwéné Kualifikasi [[Piala Donya FIFA 2010]] lan dadi panyétak gol keloro paling akèh ing kualifikasi zona UEFA bareng juru main Timnas [[Inggris]], [[Wayne Rooney]]. Ing ngisor cathetan juru main Timnas [[Yunani]], [[Theofanis Gekas]] kanthi sepuluh gol.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/europe/statistics/index.html |work=FIFA.com |access-date=19 Juni 2009 |title=2010 World Cup Qualifying Statistics |archive-date=2013-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121205604/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/europe/statistics/index.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Prestasi == ;Wolfsburg * [[Bundesliga]]: 2008–09 ;Manchester City * [[Piala FA]]: 2010–11 ;Individual * Bundesliga players' German Footballer of the Year: 2008–09<ref name="Edin Dzeko named German Footballer of the Year">{{cite web | title=Edin Dzeko named German Footballer of the Year | access-date=19 Oktober 2009 | date=3 Juni 2009 | publisher=IMScouting | url=http://www.imscouting.com/global_news_item.aspx?id=2190 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003113120/http://www.imscouting.com/global_news_item.aspx?id=2190 | archive-date=2022-10-03 | url-status=dead }}</ref> * Bundesliga Top-Scorer: 2009–10 (22 Gol) * Bosnian Footballer of the Year:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.goal.com/en/news/1549/rest-of-europe/2010/12/27/2279580/wolfsburg-striker-edin-dzeko-named-bosnian-player-of-the | title = Wolfsburg Striker Edin Dzeko Named Bosnian Player Of The Year | publisher=Goal.com | access-date =2011-09-03 | date =2010-12-27 | first = Subhankar | last = Mondal}}</ref> 2009, 2010 * Barclays Player of the Month: Agustus 2011 == Jroning Angka == === Klub === {|class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ Panampilan lan gol déning klub, mangsa lan kompetisi |- !rowspan=2|Klub !rowspan=2|Mangsa !colspan=3|Liga !colspan=2|Piyala Nasional !colspan=2|Piyala Liga !colspan=2|Eropah !colspan=2|Liyané !colspan=2|Gunggung |- !Dhivisi!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol |- |rowspan=3|[[FK Željezničar Sarajevo|Željezničar]] |[[2003–04 Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina|2003–04]] |[[Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Liga Primèr Bosnia]] |15||2||1||0||colspan=2|—||1||0||colspan=2|—||17||2 |- |[[2004–05 Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina|2004–05]] |Liga Primèr Bosnia |20||1||5||1||colspan=2|—||0||0||colspan=2|—||25||2 |- !colspan=2|Gunggung !35||3||6||1||colspan=2|—||1||0||colspan=2|—||42||4 |- |rowspan=3|[[FK Teplice|Teplice]] |[[2005–06 Czech First League|2005–06]] |[[Liga Utama Céko]] |13||3||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||13||3 |- |[[2006–07 Czech First League|2006–07]] |Liga Utama Céko |30||13||3||1||colspan=2|—||2||0||colspan=2|—||35||14 |- !colspan=2|Gunggung !43||16||3||1||colspan=2|—||2||0||colspan=2|—||48||17 |- |[[FK Ústí nad Labem|Ústí nad Labem]] (silih) |[[2005–06 Czech 2. Liga|2005–06]] |[[Czech National Football League|Liga Nasional Céko]] |15||6||4||2||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||19||8 |- |rowspan=5|[[VfL Wolfsburg]] |[[2007–08 VfL Wolfsburg mangsa|2007–08]] |[[Bundesliga]] |28||8||5||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||33||9 |- |[[2008–09 VfL Wolfsburg mangsa|2008–09]] |Bundesliga |32||26||2||6||colspan=2|—||8||4||colspan=2|—||42||36 |- |[[2009–10 VfL Wolfsburg mangsa|2009–10]] |Bundesliga |34||22||2||2||colspan=2|—||12||5||colspan=2|—||48||29 |- |[[2010–11 VfL Wolfsburg mangsa|2010–11]] |Bundesliga |17||10||2||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||19||11 |- !colspan=2|Gunggung !111||66||11||10||colspan=2|—||20||9||colspan=2|—||142||85 |- |rowspan=6|[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |[[2010–11 Manchester City F.C. season|2010–11]] |[[Liga Primèr Inggris]] |15||2||2||2||colspan=2|—||4||2||colspan=2|—||21||6 |- |[[2011–12 Manchester City F.C. mangsa|2011–12]] |Liga Primèr Inggris |30||14||0||0||4||3||8||1||1{{efn|name=FACS|Panampilan ing [[FA Community Shield]]}}||1||43||19 |- |[[2012–13 Manchester City F.C. mangsa|2012–13]] |Liga Primèr Inggris |32||14||5||0||1||0||6||1||1{{efn|name=FACS}}||0||45||15 |- |[[2013–14 Manchester City F.C. mangsa|2013–14]] |Liga Primèr Inggris |31||16||5||2||5||6||7||2||colspan=2|—||48||26 |- |[[2014–15 Manchester City F.C. mangsa|2014–15]] |Liga Primèr Inggris |22||4||1||0||2||2||6||0||1{{efn|name=FACS}}||0||32||6 |- !colspan=2|Gunggung !130||50||13||4||12||11||31||6||3||1||189||72 |- |[[A.S. Roma|Roma]] (silih) |[[2015–16 A.S. Roma mangsa|2015–16]] |[[Serie A]] |31||8||1||0||colspan=2|—||7||2||colspan=2|—||39||10 |- |rowspan=6|Roma |[[2016–17 A.S. Roma mangsa|2016–17]] |Serie A |37||29||4||2||colspan=2|—||10||8||colspan=2|—||51||39 |- |[[2017–18 A.S. Roma mangsa|2017–18]] |Serie A |36||16||1||0||colspan=2|—||12||8||colspan=2|—||49||24 |- |[[2018–19 A.S. Roma mangsa|2018–19]] |Serie A |33||9||1||0||colspan=2|—||6||5||colspan=2|—||40||14 |- |[[2019–20 A.S. Roma mangsa|2019–20]] |Serie A |35||16||0||0||colspan=2|—||8||3||colspan=2|—||43||19 |- |[[2020–21 A.S. Roma mangsa|2020–21]] |Serie A |17||7||1||0||colspan=2|—||4||1||colspan=2|—||22||8 |- !colspan=2|Gunggung !189||85||8||2||colspan=2|—||47||27||colspan=2|—||244||114 |- !colspan=3|Gunggung karir !523||226||45||20||12||11||101||42||3||1||684||300 |} === Nagara === |+ Panampilan lan gol déning tim nasional lan taun |- !Tim nasional!!Taun!!Panampilan!!Gol |- |rowspan=14|[[Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team|Bosnia Herzegovina]] |2007||7||1 |- |2008||6||5 |- |2009||10||8 |- |2010||8||3 |- |2011||10||3 |- |2012||9||6 |- |2013||9||7 |- |2014||10||5 |- |2015||7||7 |- |2016||7||4 |- |2017||6||3 |- |2018||10||3 |- |2019||8||3 |- |2020||5||1 |- !colspan=2|Gunggung||112||59 |} == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{commons}} {{Commons category|Edin Džeko}} * [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/Players/Strikers/Edin-Dzeko Profil di situs web Manchester City] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112012131/http://www.mcfc.co.uk/Players/Strikers/Edin-Dzeko |date=2011-01-12 }} * [http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/edin-dzeko Profil di situs web Premier League] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203071122/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/edin-dzeko |date=2011-12-03 }} * [http://fussballdaten.de/spieler/dzekoedin/ Career stats at Fussballdaten.de] * {{es}} [http://elrincondelojeador.blogspot.com/2009/02/edin-dzeko.html Article about Dzeko] {{Skuat Manchester City F.C.}} [[Kategori:Lair 1986]] [[Kategori:Kelahiran 1986]] [[Kategori:Pemain bal-balan Bosnia lan Herzegovina]] [[Kategori:Pemain VfL Wolfsburg]] [[Kategori:Pemain Manchester City F.C.]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bundesliga]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bèker Donya FIFA 2014]] {{pemain-sb-stub}} 472fri7eapvzgdkgr0d2u6v6ukh9zk4 Xi Jinping 0 94345 1760256 1730488 2026-11-06T10:11:14Z Jawainda 75350 /* */ 1760256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} {{Chinese name|[[Xi (surname)|Xi]]}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xi Jinping | native_name = 习近平 | image = Xi Jinping Sept. 19, 2012.jpg | office = [[Sekretaris Jenderal Parté Kuminis Cina]] | deputy = [[Li Keqiang]] | term_start = 15 November 2012 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Hu Jintao]] | successor = | office1 = [[Ketua Komisi Militer Pusat|Ketua Komisi Militer Pusat CPC]] | deputy1 = [[Fan Changlong]]<br>[[Xu Qiliang]] | term_start1 = 15 November 2012 | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = [[Hu Jintao]] | successor1 = | order2 = Anggota ke- 17 dan 18 [[Komite Tetap Politburo CPC]] | term_start2 = 22 Oktober 2007 | term_end2 = | 1blankname2 = {{nowrap|Sekretaris Jenderal}} | 1namedata2 = [[Hu Jintao]]<br>Dirinya sendiri | office3 = Sekretaris Pertama [[Sekretariat Komite Pusat Parté Kuminis Cina|Sekretariat Pusat Parté Kuminis Cina]] | 1blankname3 = {{nowrap|Sekretaris Jenderal}} | 1namedata3 = [[Hu Jintao]] | term_start3 = 22 Oktober 2007 | term_end3 = 15 November 2012 | predecessor3 = [[Zeng Qinghong]] | successor3 = [[Liu Yunshan]] | office4 = [[Wakil Présidhèn Républik Rakyat Cina]] | president4 = [[Hu Jintao]] | term_start4 = 15 Maret 2008 | term_end4 = | predecessor4 = [[Zeng Qinghong]] | successor4 = | office5 = Wakil Ketua [[Komisi Militer Pusat (Cina)|Komisi Militer Pusat CPC]] | leader5 = [[Hu Jintao]] | term_start5 = 18 Oktober 2010 | term_end5 = 15 November 2012 | alongside5 = [[Guo Boxiong]] dan [[Xu Caihou]] | office6 = Présidhèn [[Central Party School of the Communist Party of China|CPC Central Party School]] | deputy6 = [[Li Jingtian]] | term_start6 = 22 Dhésèmber 2007 | term_end6 = | predecessor6 = [[Zeng Qinghong]] | successor6 = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1953|6|1|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Beijing]], [[RRC]] | party = [[Parté Kuminis Cina|Parté Kuminis]] | spouse = [[Peng Liyuan]] | children = [[Xi Mingze]]<br>[[Xi Loganz]] | alma_mater = [[Universitas Tsinghua]] | signature = Xi Jinping sign.png }} '''Xi Jinping''' ([[pinyin]]: ''Xí Jìnpíng''; pangucapan {{IPAc-cmn|x|i|2|-|j|in|4|p|ing|2}}. Dhèwèké dadi [[Sekretaris Jenderal Parté Kuminis Cina]], [[Ketua Komisi Militer Pusat]], [[Wakil Présidhèn Républik Rakyat Cina]], Présidhèn [[Central Party School]], lan anggota pertama saka [[Komite Tetap Politburo PKC]]. Jinping uga dadi anggota [[Sekretariat Parté Kuminis Cina|Sekretariat Pusat]] [[Parté Kuminis Cina]],<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/profile/xi-jinping/ Forbes: Xi Jinping - First Sekretaris Secretariat of the Communist Party, People's Republic of China]</ref> dan Wakil Ketua [[Komisi Militer Pusat (Cina)|Komisi Militer Pusat]]., {{lahirmati||1|6|1953}} ya iku [[pemimpin tertinggi]] [[Républik Rakyat Cina]] saiki. Jinping ya iku anaké veteran [[kuminis]] [[Xi Zhongxun]] (1913–2002), dhèwèké ngawali karier pulitike ing provinsi provinsi [[Fujian]]. Dhèwèké banjur diangkat dadi ketua parté ing provinsi [[Zhejiang]], lan sabanjuré banjur diangkat dadi ketua parté ing [[Shanghai]] sawisé [[Chen Liangyu]] dipecat. Jinping dikenal amarga dhèwèké ora seneng marang [[korupsi]] lan katerbukaané marang reformasi pulitik lan ékonomi pasar ing [[RRC]].<ref name=Nol>{{cite web|first=Jonathan|last=Ansfield|date=22 December 2007 |url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/81558 |title=Xi Jinping: China’s New Boss And The ‘L’ Word |work=Newsweek |accessdate= 20 November 2012}}</ref> Posisiné ing kancah perpulitikan Cina nggawe dhèwèké dadi penerus [[Generasi kapemimpinan ing Cina|kalima]], nggantikaké [[Hu Jintao]], minangka Sekretaris Jenderal lan pemimpin saka [[Parté Kuminis Cina]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=/content/ias/archiv/cds/cds_0905.pdf |title=deckblatt-ca-data sup-form.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=20 November 2012 |archive-date=17 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217211144/http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=%2Fcontent%2Fias%2Farchiv%2Fcds%2Fcds_0905.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Xi Jinping ngendika yèn kapemimpinané arep dienggo kanggo majokaké manèh perékonomian [[Républik Rakyat Cina]] == Kauripané == Xi Jinping lair tanggal 15 Juni 1953 ing Beijing. Asalé wong tuwané saka Xiying ing Dengzhou, Henan. Xi ya iku pemimpin pertama saka parté kuminis. Dhèwèké anak sing nomer loro saka Xi Zhongxun, salah sawijiné tokoh Kuminis gerilya obahan ing Shaanxi lan mantan Wakil Mahamantri. Nalika semono bapake dadi kepala departemen propaganda Parté Kuminis banjur dadi Wakil Ketua Konggrès Rakyat Nasional. Ibune ya iku Qi Xin. Nalika Xi sepuluh taun, bapake dipecat banjur dikirim kanggo kerja ing pabrik ing Luoyang. Nalika Xi 15 taun bapake dikunjara (1968), sasuwené Revolusi Kebudayaan. Tanpa ana bapake, Xi lunga kerja menyang Yanchuan County, Shaanxi. Dhèwèké banjur dadi sekertaris produksi parté. Saka taun 1975 nganti 1979, Xi sinau teknik kimia ing Universitas Tsinghua Beijing. Saka taun 1979 nganti n1982 dhèwèké dadi sekretarise Geng Biao, banjur dadi wakil mahamantri lan Sekretaris Jenderal Komisi nMiliter Pusat. == Réferènsi == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category}} {{Wikiquote}} * [http://www.chinavitae.com/biography_display.php?id=303 Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827012450/http://chinavitae.com/biography_display.php?id=303 |date=2006-08-27 }} at www.chinavitae.com * {{C-SPAN|jinpingxi}} * [http://chinadigitaltimes.net/china/xi-jinping/ Xi Jinping] collected news and commentary at the [[China Digital Times]] * {{Guardiantopic|world/xi-jinping}} ** [http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/30/world/asia/aiming-for-top-xi-jinping-forged-ties-early-in-china.html feature artice on Xi], 29 September 2012 * {{WSJtopic|person/X/xi-jinping/6475}} * U.S. Embassy Beijing, [http://www.wikileaks.org/cable/2009/11/09BEIJING3128.html Portrait of Xi Jinping], via [[United States diplomatic cables leak]] * Osnos, Evan, [http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/evanosnos/2012/02/chinas-valentines-day-in-washington.html "China’s Valentine’s Day in Washington"], ''The New Yorker'', 14 February 2012. Review of comment accompanying Xi's visit. {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=[[Zhang Dejiang]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Pulitik Zhejiang|Sekretaris Komite Zhejiang CPC]]|years=2002–2007}} {{s-aft|after=[[Zhao Hongzhu]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Han Zheng]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Pulitik Shanghai|Sekretaris Komite Shanghai CPC]]|years=2007}} {{s-aft|after=[[Yu Zhengsheng]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Zeng Qinghong]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Sekretaris Pertama [[Sekretariat Komite Pusat Parté Kuminis Cina|Sekretariat Pusat Parté Kuminis Cina]]|years=2007–2012}} {{s-aft|after=[[Liu Yunshan]]|rows=2}} {{s-break}} {{s-ttl|title=Pemimpin [[Kelompok Pimpinan Pusat Parté]]|years=2007–2012}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Xu Caihou]]<br>[[Guo Boxiong]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Wakil Ketua [[Komisi Militer Pusat (Cina)|Komisi Militer Pusat CPC]]|alongside=[[Xu Caihou]], [[Guo Boxiong]]|years=2010–2012}} {{s-aft|after=[[Fan Changlong]]<br>[[Xu Qiliang]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Hu Jintao]]|rows=2}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Sekretaris Jenderal Parté Kuminis Cina]]|years=2012–sekarang}} {{s-inc|rows=2}} {{s-break}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chairman of the Central Military Commission|Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission]]|years=2012–sekarang}} {{s-break}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[He Guoqiang]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Pulitik Fujian|Gubernur Fujian]]|years=1999–2002}} {{s-aft|after=[[Lu Zhangong]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Chai Songyue]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Pulitik Zhejiang|Gubernur Zhejiang]]<br>{{small|Acting}}|years=2002–2003}} {{s-aft|after=[[Lü Zushan]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Li Zemin]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Pulitik Zhejiang|Ketua Komite Tetap Konggrès Rakyat Zhejiang]]|years=2003–2007}} {{s-aft|after=[[Yu Guoxing]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Zeng Qinghong]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Wakil Présidhèn Républik Rakyat Cina]]|years=2008–sekarang}} {{s-inc|rows=2}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Xu Caihou]]<br>[[Guo Boxiong]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Wakil Ketua [[Komisi Militer Pusat (Cina)|Komisi Militer Pusat PRC]]|alongside=[[Xu Caihou]], [[Guo Boxiong]]|years=2010–sekarang}} {{s-break}} {{s-aca}} {{s-bef|before=[[Zeng Qinghong]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Présidhèn [[Central Party School of the Communist Party of China|Central Party School]]|years=2007–sekarang}} {{s-inc}} {{s-break}} {{s-prec}} {{s-bef|before=tidak ada}} {{s-ttl|title= [[Orders of precedence di Républik Rakyat Cina|Peringkat ke-1 dalam Parté Kuminis Cina]]<br />{{small| [[Komite Tetap Politburo]] ke-18}}}} {{s-aft|after=[[Li Keqiang]]<br />{{small|2nd Rank}}}} {{s-bef|before=[[Li Changchun]]<br />{{small|Ketua Propaganda}}}} {{s-ttl|title= [[Orders of precedence Républik Rakyat Cina|Peringkat ke-6 dalam Parté Kuminis Cina]]<br />{{small|[[Komite Tetap Politburo]] ke-17}}}} {{s-aft|after=[[Li Keqiang]]<br />{{small|Wakil Utama}}}} {{s-end}} {{Pemimpin Républik Rakyat Cina}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Xi, Jinping}} [[Kategori:Gubernur Fujian]] [[Kategori:Pemimpin Parté Kuminis Cina]] [[Kategori:Tokoh dari Beijing]] [[Kategori:Wakil Présidhèn Républik Rakyat Cina]] [[Kategori:Pulitikus Républik Rakyat Cina]] [[Kategori:Lair 1953]] {{RRC-bio-stub}} f06qmzesifg8quu5uwdxilmnwkrshb0 Iwak kuwung abang 0 94442 1760056 1691225 2026-11-05T23:16:35Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Ulam kluwung abrit | status = VU | status_system = IUCN2.3 | image = GlossolepisIncisus.JPG | image_caption = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Actinopterygii]] | ordo = [[Atheriniformes]] | familia = [[Melanotaeniidae]] | genus = ''[[Glossolepis]]'' | species = '''''G. incisus''''' | binomial = ''Glossolepis incisus'' }} '''Ulam kluwung abrit''' utawi ing ngoko '''iwak kluwung abang''' ''(Glossolepis incisus)'' punika [[ulam]] [[toya tawa]] ingkang gesang [[endemik]] ing [[Tlaga Sentani]] [[Papua]]. Wonten ing manca ulam punika kawéntar kanthi nama ''Red rainbowfish'', ''Irian Jaya rainbowfish'' ugi ''Salmon red rainbowfish''. == Sajarah == Ulam punika sampun kawéntar ing [[Éropah]] minangka ulam hias [[akuarium]]. Ulam punika kaping pisanan dipuntepangaken déning [[Max Weber]] ingkang nglampahi èkpedisi [[Papua Barat]] saking [[taun]] 1890 dumugi 1900. Nalika [[taun]] 1973, A. Wermer, Jr saking [[Munich]] lan E. Frech saking [[memmingen]], [[Jerman]] ngempalaken spésimèn gesang nalika nglampahi panalitèn wonten ing [[Jawa]], [[Sulawesi]], lan [[Papua Kulon]]. Tiyang kekalih punika mendhet ulam ingkang mawarni-warni kondur dhateng [[Éropah]] kelebet ''Incisus Glossolepis'' <ref name="internet1">[http://www.iftfishing.com/fishing-guide/fishypedia/ikan-pelangi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116225012/http://www.iftfishing.com/fishing-guide/fishypedia/ikan-pelangi |date=2012-11-16 }}, (id) http://www.iftfishing.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214163804/http://www.iftfishing.com/ |date=2023-02-14 }} (dipun-akses tanggal 19 November 2012).</ref>. Nalika [[taun]] 1996, ulam kluwung abang punika kadaftar ing Redlist IUCN minangka spésies ulam ingkang pikanthuk ancaman cures kanthi status ''rentan'' ''(vulnerable A2ce)''. Kinten-kinten populasi ulam punika mangandhap amargi kompetisi [[panganan]] lan habitat pemijahan kaliyan ulam ''introduksi'' ingkang kapanggih ing tlaga punika kados mata abang, [[iwak tambakan]], [[nila]], [[nilem]], [[iwak gabus]], [[iwak sepat]] siam, [[iwak mas]]. Kajawi punika amargi mandhapipun kualitas lingkungan perairan [[Tlaga Sentani]] <ref name="internet2">[http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/4677/Pendahuluan_2009lss-2.pdf?sequence=8], Ikan Pelangi merah di Danau Sentani (dipun-akses tanggal 19 November 2012).</ref>. == Jinis == Sapunika kapanggih wonten 4 [[spésies]] jinis énggal inggih punika: # ''Melanotaenia arguni'' utawi ''Pelangi Arguni''. Ulam jinis punika gadhah warni [[coklat]] ing pérangan dorsal lan [[putih]] wonten ing pérangan ngandhaping awak. Kajawi punika, warni klawu nyebar ing sadaya pérangan siripipun. # ''Melanotaenia urisa'' utawi ''Pelangi Urisa''. Sisik ing pérangan nginggil ulam punika gadhah warni [[coklat]] lajeng sirip pektoralipun punika bening. Awakipun ulam punika dipunhias kaliyan wolung garis coklat. Spesiès punika asalipun saking ilining lan genangan toya ingkang tawar. # ''Melanotaenia veoliae'' utawi ''Pelangi Veolia''. Salah satunggal ingkang khas saking jinis punika wontenipun ''noktah'' [[jambon]] ing wingkinging [[mata]]. Ciri sanès, sirip saha anal gadhah warni [[abang]] dipunpisah warni [[biru. ''Melanotaenia veoliae'' kapanggih wonten ing [[Lèpèn Gebiase]], lèpèn ingkang mapan wonten 14 kilomèter sakiduling [[Wanoma]], [[Arguni]] ngandhap. Lèpèn Gebiasi punika sumberipun saking toya karst. # ''Melanotaenia wanoma'' ''Pelangi Wanoma''. Jinis ingkang punika kapanggihaken wonten ing [[Lepen Wermura]], 16 kilomèter kidul [[Wanoma]], Arguni ngandhap. Bagayen nginggil awakipun gadhah warni coklat, tutup angsang warni [[emas]], sirip dorsal lan anal saha kuncup sirip warni [[abang]]. Habitat Pelangi Wanoma kaliran toya kristalin saking barisan pagunungan karst [[Kaimana]]<ref name="internet3">[http://www.iftfishing.com/fishing-guide/fishypedia/ikan-pelangi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116225012/http://www.iftfishing.com/fishing-guide/fishypedia/ikan-pelangi |date=2012-11-16 }}, Ikan Pelangi (dipun-akses tanggal 19 November 2012).</ref> == Panganan == Ulam kluwung abang punika kalebet kéwan [[omnovora]] ingkang mangan menapa kemawon ingkang wonten ing habitatipun. == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Iwak]] [[Kategori:Artikel mawa basa krama]] 91vxc89m2dvpsqbhv9wtnkunu8je3lt Kastil Malbork 0 94506 1760147 1664040 2026-11-06T04:35:19Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Kastil Ordo Teutonik ing Malbork | Image = [[Gambar:PL GMB Malbork castle Water gate.jpg|300px|]] | State Party = {{POL}} | Type = Budaya | Criteria = ii, iii, iv | ID = 847 | Region = Éropah lan Amérika Lor | Year = 1997 | Session = 21 | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/847 }} '''Kastil Malbork''' utawi '''Kastil Marienburg''' punika satunggaling [[kastil]] ingkang mapan wonten ing caketing ''Polen Tri-City Gdansk'', [[Sopot]], lan [[Gdynia]] mliginipun wonten ing pinggiring [[Kali Nogat]] sisih tenggara, [[Polen]] <ref name="internet1">[http://www.diwarta.com/malbork-castle-si-saksi-perkembangan-polandia/989/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220013559/https://www.diwarta.com/malbork-castle-si-saksi-perkembangan-polandia/989/ |date=2025-02-20 }}, Kastil Malbork si saksi perkembangan Polen (dipun-akses tanggal 21 November 2012).</ref>. Kastil Malbork dipunyasa ing [[Prusia]] déning [[Orde Teutonik]] minangka [[ordensburg]] nalika [[taun]] 1274. Kastil punika dipunparingi nama ''Marienburg'' ingkang kanthi barès ''Mary Castle'' ingkang ateges ''Kastil Maria''. Kutha ingkang madeg wonten ing kiwa tengenipun Kastil Malbork dipunwastani Marienburg. Nanging awit saking [[taun]] 1945 sasampunipun 173 taun kepengker, péranganing [[Polen]] mau kawéntar kanthi nama '''Malbork'''. Kastil punika tuladha klasik saking [[bètèng]] [[abad]] tengahan lan kalebet [[watu bata]] paling ageng sak-[[donya]] kanggé ''bètèng gothic''. Kastil Malbork kadaftar wonten ing [[UNESCO]] minangka [[bètèng]] lan [[musiyum]] ''(Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork)''. ing satungggaling [[Situs Warisan Donya]] nalika [[Dhésèmber]] 1997 <ref name="internet2">[http://www.htysite.com/P-kastil.htm]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, (id) http://www.htysite.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126033940/http://www.htysite.com/ |date=2012-11-26 }} (dipun-akses tanggal 21 November 2012).</ref>. == Pérangan kastil == Kastil ingkang kadamel saking [[watu bata]] punika kapérang dados tiga pérangan ingkang kapisah dados pérangan nginggil, pérangan tengah, lan pérangan ngandhap. Ingkang misahkaken pérangan mau punika parit garing lan [[menara]]. Kastil Malbork dinggeni déning 3.000 bala kanthi wiyaing témbok dumugi 52 [[are]] (21 ha), kaping sekawan langkung ageng tinimbang [[Kadhaton Windsor]]. Wonten ing kastil punika ugi wonten kamar-kamar minangka papan kanggé saré, griya-griya, gudang senjata, [[pawon]] lan [[gréja]] <ref name="internet2"/>. [[Perang Dunia II]] [[taun]] ndadosaken Kastil Malbork risak langkung saking setengahing pérangan yasan. Lajeng tambah parah malih awit saking kobongan ingkang kadadosan nalika taun 1959. Katedral mliginipun kantun puing-puing. Kastil Malbork dipunyasa malih nalika [[taun]] 1962. Kathah wisatawan ingkang dugi dhateng Kastil Malbork amargi saben wulan ing papan punika asring wonten aréna pameran [[seni]] lan aréna atraksi wisata <ref name="internet2"/>. Kastil ingkang mapan wonten ing [[Taman Wilhemshole]] punika ugi dipunwastani ''kastil singa''. Dipunbangun déning LandGrave Wilhem IX saking Hessen Kassel, kastil punika dipundesain déning arsitèk kraton anama Heinrich Cristoph Jussow ingkang ahli lan gadhah pengalaman wonten ing proyek pambangunan yasan-yasan ing [[Perancis]], [[Italia]], lan [[Inggris]]. Heinrich ugi naté nggambar rancangan [[Taman Landgrave]] <ref name="internet3">[http://edupaint.com/jelajah/arsitektur-manca-nagara/3286-arsitektur-kastil-malbork.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820134617/http://edupaint.com/jelajah/arsitektur-manca-nagara/3286-arsitektur-kastil-malbork.html |date=2019-08-20 }}, (id) Arsitektur Kastil Malbork (dipun-akses tanggal 27 Dhésèmber 2012).</ref>. == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Kastil ing Polen]] 30vgzbgjanpj9lmx7kj2ozgds950c9c GThumb 0 94665 1759962 1718216 2026-11-05T18:25:31Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} {{Infobox Software | name = gThumb | logo = [[Gambar:GThumb Logo.svg|96px]] | screenshot = [[Gambar:GThumb 3.8.0 screenshot.png|300px]] | caption = Tampilan gThumb 3.8.0 | developer = Paolo Bacchilega | released = | latest release version = 3.12.7 | latest release date = {{release_date|2025|2|9}} | programming language = [[Basa C]] | operating system = [[Linux]], [[Solaris]], [[BSD]], [[Sistem operasi bertipe Unix|Unix-like]] | language = | genre = [[Image viewer]] | license = [[GNU General Public License]] | website = [https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gthumb/ gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gthumb] }} '''gThumb''' punika [[aplikasi]] ''picture viewer'' ingkang badhé nampilakèn ''thumbnail'' saking [[gambar|gambar-gambar]] ing salebeting [[direktori]]<ref name="in"/>. Pengguna saged gadhah kanggé ningali [[gambar]] mau kaliyan sangat dètail. Bahkan, [[data]] non visual saking gambar ugi saghèd ningali kaliyan detail<ref name="in"/>. sanèsipun punika saghèd nampilakèn, gThumb ugi saged ngèlampahi aksi kados ta [[rotasi]], konversi, lan sanèsipun. manawi dipunkarèpakèn, gThumb ugi saged dipunginaakèn kanggé ndamèl [[web]] album lan nyèrat gambar-gambar ingka g dipunremenaken ing [[CD-RW|CD Writer]].<ref name="in">http://www.infolinux.web.id {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118160646/http://infolinux.web.id/ |date=2019-01-18 }} (2005), [http://kambing.ui.ac.id/bebas/v22/InfoLinux2005/PDF-LINUX-1205/34-41_utama_12.pdf Mengisi Liburan dengan Linux] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230010353/http://kambing.ui.ac.id/bebas/v22/InfoLinux2005/PDF-LINUX-1205/34-41_utama_12.pdf |date=2010-12-30 }}, halaman 35-36. Diaksès nalika 24 Nop 2012.</ref> kalangkungan saking aplikasi punika sfitur-fitur ingkang dateng sami kaliyan [[antarmuka pengguna]]nipun ingkang saé lan kestabilan ingkang patut dipunpuji<ref name="in"/>. Antarmuka penggunanipun prasaja lan sangat gampil dipunpahami, sanèsipun punika gThumb ugi saged ngemutaken [[direktori]] kapungkasan ingkang dpupunikanjungi sarta gThumb punika saé ingkang nangani gambar-gambar ingkang ukuranipun ageng lan gadhah dokumentasi ingkang jangkep.<ref name="in"/> kawetesan saking aplikasi punika hampir boten wonten. satunggal hal ingkang karaos cekap nggangu manawi inggih punika [[waktu]] tunggu ingkang sakedhik lami.<ref name="in"/> == Fitur-fitur == Fitur-fitur gThumb dipunginakakenn dados <ref>Gnome.org, [http://live.gnome.org/gthumb/features Fitur gThumb]. Diaksès nalika 01 Juni 2010.</ref>: * Image Viewer ** Ningali gambar tunggal (kalebet [[animasi]] [[GIF]]). jinis gambar ingkang dipundukung inggih punika: [[BMP]], [[JPEG]], [[GIF]], [[PNG]], [[TIFF]], [[ICO]], [[XPM]]. ** Ningali [[data]] [[EXIF]] ingkang kalet ing gambar JPEG. ** Ningali ing modus layar penuh. ** Ningali gambar dipunputar, mbalik, [[ireng]] lan [[putih]]. * Image Browser ** Menjelajah [[hard disk]] kaliyan menampilkan thumbnail saking berkas gambar. ** Secara otomatis memperbarui konten folder. ** Menyalin, gantos, menghapus gambar lan folder. ** Bookmarks folder lan katalog. * Image Organizer ** Mengatur gambar ing [[katalog]]. ** Cetak [[foto]] lan komentar. ** Pencarian kanggé foto ing [[hard disk]] lan nyimpen kasil dados [[katalog]]. Kriteria Pencarian ajeg kalet ing salebeting katalog pramila saged memperbarui ing wanci ingkang dipunperluaken. * Image Editor ** gantos gambar hue, saturasi, terang, kontras lan jumbuhaken warni. ** Skala lan mutar gambar. ** nyimpan gambar ing format salajengipun: JPEG, PNG, TIFF, TGA. * Advanced Tool ** [[Impor]] [[foto]] saking [[kodhak digital]]. ** ''Slide Shows''. ** ngatur gambar dados latar belakang [[Desktop]]. ** ndamel gambar indeks. ** ndamel web album. ** Mengkonversi format gambar. ** ngubah gambar [[tanggal]] lan [[waktu]]. ** JPEG lossless transformasi. ** nemuaken duplikat gambar. ** nyalin gambar ing [[CD]] / [[DVD]]. ** Penuh dokumentasinipun. == Cathetan suku == == Pranala njaba == * [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gthumb/ Unduh gThumb] == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:GNOME]] [[Kategori:Perangkat lunak pembaca gambar]] {{software-stub}} prmm75wnyolhpljr5pgd65bivke09kf Ignazio Abate 0 94888 1760042 1740386 2026-11-05T22:26:42Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Football biography | playername = Ignazio Abate | image = [[File:Abate has balls, August 2012.jpg|250px]] | fullname = Ignazio Abate | height = {{height|m=1.80}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acmilan.com/en/teams/roster_player/49 |title= Ignazio Abate |publisher=AC Milan.com |accessdate=25 November 2011}}</ref> | dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1986|11|12|df=y}} | cityofbirth = [[Sant'Agata de' Goti]] | countryofbirth = [[Italia]] | currentclub = [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] | clubnumber = 20 | position = [[Bek|Bèg tengen]], [[Glandhang|Glandhang sayap]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Rescaldina | youthyears2 = 1999–2004 | youthclubs2 = [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] | years1 = 2003–2007 | clubs1 = [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] | caps1 = 0 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2004–2005 | clubs2 = → [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]] (pinjaman) | caps2 = 32 | goals2 = 2 | years3 = 2005 | clubs3 = → [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]] (pinjaman) | caps3 = 0 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2005–2006 | clubs4 = → [[Piacenza Calcio|Piacenza]] (pinjaman) | caps4 = 13 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2006–2007 | clubs5 = → [[Modena F.C.|Modena]] (pinjaman) | caps5 = 38 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 2007–2008 | clubs6 = [[Empoli F.C.|Empoli]] | caps6 = 24 | goals6 = 1 | years7 = 2008–2009 | clubs7 = [[Torino F.C.|Torino]] | caps7 = 25 | goals7 = 1 | years8 = 2009– | clubs8 = [[A.C. Milan]] | caps8 = 68 | goals8 = 0 | totalcaps = | totalgoals = | nationalyears1 = 2004 | nationalteam1 = {{timnasu|18|Italia}} | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2005 | nationalteam2 = {{timnasu|19|Italia}} | nationalcaps2 = 2 | nationalgoals2 = 1 | nationalyears3 = 2005–2006 | nationalteam3 = {{timnasu|20|Italia}} | nationalcaps3 = 6 | nationalgoals3 = 0 | nationalyears4 = 2006–2009 | nationalteam4 = {{timnasu|21|Italia}} | nationalcaps4 = 10 | nationalgoals4 = 1 | nationalyears5 = 2008 | nationalteam5 = {{timnasu|23|Italia}} | nationalcaps5 = 8 | nationalgoals5 = 1 | nationalyears6 = 2011- | nationalteam6 = {{timnas|Italia}} | nationalcaps6 = 1 | nationalgoals6 = 0 | medaltemplates = | pcupdate = 11 November 2011 | ntupdate = 11 November 2011 }} '''Ignazio Abate''' ({{lahirmati|[[Sant'Agata de 'Goti]], [[Provinsi Benevento|Benevento]], [[Italia]]|12|11|1986}}) ya iku salah sijining juru main [[bal-balan]] sing kebangsaané [[Italia]] sing main minangka [[Bek|bèg tengen]] kanggo [[AC Milan]] ing Seri A. Panjenengané dikenal minangka juru main kanthi kamampuan lumayu rikat lan mènèhi umpan akurat saka sisih lapangan. == Karir klub == Abate ya iku putra mantan [[kiper]] Beniamino Abate. Panjenengané miwiti karir karo tim yunior [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]. Saka [[taun]] 2004-2007, panjenengané disilihaké ing [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]], Sampdoria lan Piacenza, Modena. Tanggal 23 [[Juli 2008]], Abate disilihaké ing Torino ing salah sijining kesepakatan kanduwènan bareng.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gJOQTBAgXrg9dztp62QO12lu4cNg |title=Torino sign Milan's Abate |date=23 July 2008 |work=AFP |publisher=afp.google.com |accessdate=25 November 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214044034/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gJOQTBAgXrg9dztp62QO12lu4cNg |archivedate=14 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tanggal 24 [[Juni 2009]], panjenengané bali manèh ing Milan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transfermarkt.de/de/news/28949/abate-zurueck-zu-milan.html |title=Abate zurück zu milan |publisher=transfermarkt.de |date=25 June 2009}}</ref> == Karier Internasional == Panjenengane debuté ing tim U-21 nglawan timnas [[Luksemburg]] U-21, [[12 Dhésèmber]] [[2006]], nggantèkaké Marino Defendi ing [[menit]] 62. == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.acmilan.com/en/teams/roster_player/49 Profil ing situs web AC Milan] * {{it}} [http://www.legaseriea.it/it/serie-a-tim/calciatore?p_p_id=BDC_dettaglio_calciatore_WAR_LegaCalcioBDC&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_pos=2&p_p_col_count=3&_BDC_dettaglio_calciatore_WAR_LegaCalcioBDC_idPersona=42718 Statistik ing situs web Lega Serie A] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120810045114/http://www.legaseriea.it/it/serie-a-tim/calciatore?p_p_id=BDC_dettaglio_calciatore_WAR_LegaCalcioBDC&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_pos=2&p_p_col_count=3&_BDC_dettaglio_calciatore_WAR_LegaCalcioBDC_idPersona=42718 |date=2012-08-10 }} * {{it}} [http://www.figc.it/nazionali/DettaglioConvocato?codiceConvocato=2746 Statistik ing situs web] [[FIGC]] {{Skuat Piala Éropah 2012 Italia}} {{Skuat AC Milan}} [[Kategori:Lair 1986]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan Itali]] [[Kategori:Pamain A.C. Milan]] [[Kategori:Pamain S.S.C. Napoli]] [[Kategori:Pamain U.C. Sampdoria]] [[Kategori:Pamain Piacenza Calcio]] [[Kategori:Pamain Modena F.C.]] [[Kategori:Pamain Empoli F.C.]] [[Kategori:Pamain Torino F.C.]] [[Kategori:Pamain tengah bal-balan]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bèker Donya FIFA 2014]] [[Kategori:Wong Itali]] {{pemain-sb-stub}} b64ptbbo1gs8zcahe2n563ksbtq8603 Keraton Kasepuhan Cirebon 0 95003 1760163 1755470 2026-11-06T05:25:23Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Kraton kasepuhan depan.jpg|thumb|250px|Karaton Kasepuhan Cirebon pérangan ngajeng]] [[Gambar:Symbol Keraton Kasepuhan.jpg|thumb|250px|Lambang Karaton Kasepuhan (1920-1933)]] '''Karaton Kasepuhan Cirebon''' inggih punika salah satunggaling karaton ingkang paling kerumat ugi paling manggrong ing Kitha [[Cirebon]].<ref name="internet1">[http://kasepuhan.com/beta/tag/keraton-kasepuhan-cirebon/ Keraton Kasepuhan Cirebon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526224903/http://kasepuhan.com/beta/tag/keraton-kasepuhan-cirebon/ |date=2010-05-26 }}(dipunundhuh 3 Dhésèmber 2012)</ref> Saben wujud arsitèktur ing karaton punika paling misuwur amargi gadhah aji sujarah.<ref name="internet1"/> Latar ngajeng karaton dipunkupengi témbok bata abrit kaliyan wonten [[pendhapa]] ing salebetipun.<ref name="internet1"/> Karaton Cirebon ugi gadhah [[musiyum]] ingkang cekap jangkep kaliyan isinipun pirantos-pirantos pusaka sarta lukisan kagunganipun karaton.<ref name="internet1"/> Piranti-prianti punika kados ta pirantos perang, meriem, kaliyan [[kereta kencana]] ingkang dipun-ginakaken nalika perang.<ref name="internet3">[http://www.jalanjajanhemat.com/2008/11/keraton-kasepuhan-cirebon/ Jejak Keraton Kasepuhan Cirebon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313100744/http://www.jalanjajanhemat.com/2008/11/keraton-kasepuhan-cirebon/ |date=2013-03-13 }}(dipunundhuh 3 Dhésèmber 2012)</ref> Kréta punika dipunwastani Kereta Singa Barong, ingkang asesirah [[gajah]] ingkang tlalénipun nyepeng trisula (prabawanipun Hindhu), suwiwinipun [[garuda]] (prabawa Islam), ugi [[naga]] (parabawa Cina).<ref name="internet3"/> Nanging, wiwit taun [[1942]], kréta punika boten dipun-ginakaken malih kaliyan namung dipunwedalaken kanggé dipunjamas saben tanggal 1 [[Syawal]].<ref name="internet3"/> Déné ing musiyum pérangan kidul wonten priasan, piring, ugi pirantos karaton ingkang dipun-ginakaken nalika jamanipun Sunan Gunung Jati.<ref name="internet3"/> == Sajarah == Karaton Kasepuhan madeg taun [[1529]] déning Pangeran Mas Mochammad Arifin II, inggih punika buyut saking Sunan Gunung Jati.<ref name="internet4">[http://www.indonesia.travel/id/destination/532/warisan-keraton-di-cirebon Warisan Keraton di Cirebon](dipunundhuh 6 Dhésèmber 2012)</ref> Pangeran Mas Mochammad Arifin II punika nggantosaken Sunan Gunung jati ing taun [[1506]].<ref name="internet4"/> Rumiyin Karaton Kasepuhan Cirebon gadhah nama Karaton Pakungwati, déné Pangeran Mas Mochammad Arifin II gadhah gelar Panembahan Pakungwati I.<ref name="internet5">[http://www.potlot-adventure.com/2009/03/01/keraton-kasepuhan-cirebon/ Keraton Kasepuhan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626104028/http://www.potlot-adventure.com/2009/03/01/keraton-kasepuhan-cirebon/ |date=2012-06-26 }}(dipunundhuh 6 Dhésèmber 2012)</ref> Nama Pakungwati punika asalipun saking asma Ratu Dewi Pakungwati binti Pangeran Cakrabuana ingkang dhaup kaliyan Sunan Gunung Jati.<ref name="internet5"/> Putri punika ayu ugi becik budinipun sarta saged dados garwa ingkang setya.<ref name="internet5"/> Ratu Dewi Pakungwati ugi prigel ing babagan ajaran agami Islam, saged dados pamomongipun nagara, ugi saged ngayomi sarta nresnani rakyatipun.<ref name="internet5"/> Ing pungkasanipun, ing taun [[1549]] Ratu Dewi Pakungwati séda ing Masjid Agung Sang Cipta Rasa ing yuswa ingkang sampun sepuh.<ref name="internet5"/> Masjid Agung Sang Cipta Rasa punika dipunyasa taun [[1498]] M déning [[Wali Sanga]] kanthi dipunpandhégani Sunan Gunung Jati.<ref name="internet6">[http://www.cirebonkota.go.id/index.php/pariwisata/tempat-wisata/ Pariwisata di Kota Cirebon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129100726/http://www.cirebonkota.go.id/index.php/pariwisata/tempat-wisata/ |date=2012-11-29 }}(dipunundhuh 6 Dhésèmber 2012)</ref> Pambangunanipun dipunbiyantu arsitèk ingkang namanipun Radèn Sepat saking [[Majapahit]] uga dipunbiyantu 200 tiyang (tukang) saking [[Demak]].<ref name="internet6"/> Saking pangorbananipun punika panjenenganipun dipunmulyakaken déning nasab Sunan Gunung Jati dados nama karaton inggih punika Karaton Pakung wati, ingkang sapunika dados Karaton Kasepuhan Cirebon.<ref name="internet5"/> == Yasan Karaton == Arsitèktur Karaton Kasepuhan Cirebon inggih punika campuran unsur-unsur budaya [[Islam]], [[Hindhu]], [[Buda]], [[Kristen]], ugi Konfusius ([[Cina]]).<ref name="internet2">[http://warisanindonesia.com/2011/08/keraton-kasepuhan-cirebon-ketika-bouroq-dan-burung-hong-bercumbu/ Kasepuhan Cirebon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305231541/http://warisanindonesia.com/2011/08/keraton-kasepuhan-cirebon-ketika-bouroq-dan-burung-hong-bercumbu/ |date=2013-03-05 }}(dipunundhuh 3 Dhésèmber 2012)</ref> Punika minangka bukti kurmat dhumateng para leluhur.<ref name="internet2"/> Nalika ngedegaken Karaton Kasepuhan Cirebon ing taun [[1529]], [[Sunan Gunungjati]] tetep migunakaken unsur tradhisi Hindhu-Buda saking [[Karajan Padjajaran]]. Salah satunggalipun inggih punika wontenipun sapasang patung [[macan]] awerna pethak ing plataran Kamandhungan.<ref name="internet2"/> Bebrayan [[Sunda]] ngyakini, macan punika wujud reinkarnasi saking Prabu Siliwangi ingkang dados ratu pungkasan ing Padjajaran.<ref name="internet2"/> Corak kabudayan Hindhu-Buda ugi kentingal cetha ing kompleks yasan sitihinggil (basa [[Jawa]], ''siti=lemah'', ''hinggil=inggil (tinggi)'') ingkang acorak [[Candhi Bentar]].<ref name="internet2"/> Arsitekturipun kas jaman [[Majapahit]] ugi katingal ing gapuranipun, inggih punika gapura asi ing sisih lèr kaliyan gapura banteng ing sisih kidul.<ref name="internet2"/> Ing sangandhapipun gapura banteng punika wonten [[candra sangkala]] ingkang kaserat ''kuta bata tibata banteng'' ingkang manawi dipunwaos saking wingking nedahaken taun [[1451]] Saka utawi [[1529]] Masèhi.<ref name="internet2"/> Dipunkintenaken sitihinggil punika ingkang sapisan dipunyasa sadèrèngipun yasa yasan ingkang sanèsipun.<ref name="internet2"/> Ing kabèh pérangan témbok yasan migunakaken material bata abrit ingkang dipuntèmpèli manéka warni [[keramik]] Cina jamanipun Dinasti Ming ([[1364]]-[[1644]] M) kaliyan keramik Delf saking [[Walanda]].<ref name="internet2"/> Ing ngajeng sitihinggil wonten méja watu granit, bebungah saking [[Sir Stamford Raffles, sesulih Karajan [[Inggris]] ingkang naté dados [[gubernur]] Jenderal Jawa ([[1811]]-[[1816]]).<ref name="internet2"/> Ing salebetipun sithinggil wonten 5 yasan ingkang bahan utamanipun [[kayu]] [[jati]] mèmper pendhapa tanpa témbok. Saben yasan punika gadhah aran sarta kagunan ingkang bènten.<ref name="internet2"/> Yasan utama ingkang mapanipun malang mawi gunggungipun saka (cagak) 20 dipunwastani ''malang semirang'' ingkang nedahaken 20 sipatipun Allah. Déné saka guru (cagak utama) gunggungipun enem, ingkang nedahaken rukun iman.<ref name="internet2"/> Ing panggénan punika sultan mirsani gladhèn kaprajuritan utawi mirsani lampahipun paukuman.<ref name="internet2"/> Yasan ing sisih kiwanipun dipunwastani ''Pandhawa Lima'' mawi gangsal saka ingkang nedahaken rukun Islam.<ref name="internet2"/> yasan punika dospa panggénan para panglima perang.<ref name="internet2"/> Yasan ing sisih tengen yasan utama dipunwastani ''Semar Tinandu'' mawi kalih saka ingkang nedahaken kalih ukara [[syahadat]].<ref name="internet2"/> Yasan punika dados panggénan para penasihat sultan ingkang dipunwastani penghulu.<ref name="internet2"/> Ing sisih wingkingipun yasan utama wonten ''Mande Pengiring'', inggih punika panggénan ngempalipun para pengiring sultan.<ref name="internet2"/> Satunggal yasan malih wonten ing sisihipun, inggih punika ''Mande Karasemen''.<ref name="internet2"/> Yasan punika panggénan kanggé para [[niyaga]].<ref name="internet2"/> Ngantos sapunika, yasan punika taksih dipun-ginakaken minangka panggénan ngumpetaken [[gamelan]] [[sekatèn]] nalika [[Idul Fitri]] kaliyan [[Idul Adha]].<ref name="internet2"/> == Pranala njawi == * [http://www.jabarprov.go.id/index.php/subMenu/194 Potensi Wisata Kota Cirebon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427103926/http://www.jabarprov.go.id/index.php/subMenu/194 |date=2012-04-27 }} == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Sajarah]] [[Kategori:Karaton]] [[Kategori:Cirebon]] ptk9gk1sthwxe4nkuq3dzfehdvj4fvw Haruna Kojima 0 95011 1760016 1289087 2026-11-05T21:28:08Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} {{Infobox musical artist |Name = Haruna Kojima<br />小嶋 陽菜 |Img = Haruna Kojima (小嶋陽菜) at Anime Expo 2010.jpg |Img_capt = Haruna Kojima ing konser AKB48, Anime Expo AKB48, [[Los Angeles]], 2010 |Imge_size =220 | caption = [[idola Jepang|idola]], [[penyanyi]], [[pemeran]] |Landscape = |Background =[[Aktris]], [[Penyanyi]] |Born ={{Birth date and age|1988|4|19}} |Origin =[[Prefektur Saitama]], [[Jepang]] |Genre = [[J-pop]] |Alias = |Years_active = 1998–2001<br />2005–saiki |Label = | Associated_acts = [[AKB48]], [[No3b]], [[AKB Idoling!!!]], [[Team Dragon ing AKB48]] | siblings = |Current_members = |Past_members = |URL = [http://www.ogipro.com/talent/kojima/index.html Situs resmi] }} '''Haruna Kojima''' (小嶋 陽菜 Kojima Haruna?, lair ing Prefektur Saitama, 19 April 1988; umur 24 taun) ya iku paraga lan penyanyi Jepang anggota grup idola [[AKB48]] Tim A dan unit [[No3b]]. Déwéké ya iku siji- sijiné anggota [[AKB48]] kang nyanyi ing sekabéhé singel kang dirilis [[AKB48]]. == Pranala njaba == * {{ja}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20150209114541/http://www.akb48.co.jp/about/members/detail.php?name=kojima_haruna Profil resmi AKB48] * {{ja}} [http://www.ogipro.com/talent/kojima/ Profil di Production Ogi] * {{ja}} [http://akb48teamogi.jp/ Situs resmi AKB48 TeamOgi] * {{ja}} [http://blog.oricon.co.jp/no3b/category_1/ Blog resmi no3b: Haruna Kojima] (Oricon, nganti 19 April 2011) * {{ja}} [http://ameblo.jp/no3b-official/theme-10039984369.html Blog resmi no3b, Haruna Kojima, wiwit 19 Juli 2011] * {{Twitter|kojiharunyan|Haruna Kojima}} * {{ja}} [http://ameblo.jp/kojima-haruna/ Blog resmi Haruna Kojima AKB48] * {{IMDb name|id=2684859}} [[Kategori:Anggota AKB48]] [[Kategori:Idola Jepang]] [[Kategori:Penyanyi Jepang]] [[Kategori:Paraga Jepang]] [[Kategori:Lair Prefektur Saitama]] lnjmibpce29nzy8exajiqwgbj3k3v85 Jazz Goes To Campus 0 95136 1760066 1656619 2026-11-06T00:08:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Jgtc29thposter.jpg|thumb|200px|poster JGTC ke-29]] '''Jazz Goes To Campus (JGTC)''' inggih punika rerangkèn acara tahunan ingkang gadhah tema musik [[jazz]]—kaliyan pucuk acara festival musik [[jazz]] ing FEUI—ingkang dipunprakarsani déning [[Universitas Indonésia|Senat Mahasiswa Fakultas Ékonomi UI]]. Kegiatan punika kalangsungan miwiti taun [[1978]], satunggal taun sasampunipun dipunwiwiti festival [[jazz]] tertua lan ingkang ageng ing donya, [[North Sea Jazz Festival]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wartajazz.com/jgtc/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-12-08 |archive-date=2008-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014210151/http://www.wartajazz.com/jgtc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, lan dipunklaim dados festival jazz tertua ing [[Indonésia]]. == Sajarah == Ide wiwit JGTC dipuncetusaken déning [[Candra Darusman]] ing taun [[1970]]-an, ing wanci punika taksih dados mahasiswa ing FE. Kaleresan musik jazz ing wanci punika nembé dipunminati déning masarakat lan [[mahasiswa]].<ref name="pikiran-rakyat.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/kampus/2005/011205/utama01.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-12-08 |archive-date=2007-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201203241/http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/kampus/2005/011205/utama01.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ing wiwitan, JGTC dipunkalangsungaken ing sebuah Taman 02 Kampus FEUI Salemba, Jakarta, kaliyan fasilitas seadanya.<ref>http://deathrockstar.info/the-28th-jazz-goes-to-campus-feui-depok/</ref> Nanging ing wanci punika kalih panggung seluas 12x9x10m lan panjurung listrik 200.000 volt. Ing JGTC ke-32 ingkang dipunlampahi taun [[2009]], panitia nyelenggarakaken roadshow dados péranganing rerangkèn acara. Roadshow nampilaken artis-artis jazz lan dipunselenggarakaken ing jawi kampus UI, Dhépok.<ref>http://www.jazzgoestocampus.net/2010/en/program/jazz-communion {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126150648/http://www.jazzgoestocampus.net/2010/en/program/jazz-communion |date=2010-11-26 }} Diakses 6 Desebember 2012</ref> Ing taun-taun, JGTC sampun ngerembag dados salah satunggaling [[festival]] kampus ingkang paling dipunnanti kaliyan jumlah pengunjung ing taun [[2006]] lajeng gayuh 20.000 tiyang. Bintang-bintang jazz ingkang naté tampil ing acara punika antawisipun inggih punika [[Bubi Chen]], [[Bill Saragih]], [[Benny Likumahuwa]], [[Ireng Maulana]], [[Jack Lesmana]], [[Indra Lesmana|Indra Lesmana Reborn]], [[Riza Arshad]], [[Tohpati]], [[Syaharani]], [[Elfa Secioria]], [[Gilang Ramadhan]], [[Bob James]], [[Dave Koz]], [[Ron Reeves]], [[Coco York]], [[Cabaleros]], [[Claire Martin Quintet]], [[Tompi]], lan [[Andien]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jazzgoestocampus.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-12-08 |archive-date=2007-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103051040/http://jazzgoestocampus.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kritik == Sebuah kritik ngendikan manawi JGTC sulit ngerembag dados sebuah festival bertaraf internasional amargi boten dikelola déning panitia profésional. Panitia JGTC dipunanggep dados "panitia instan" karena selalu berganti setiap tahunnya. Hal ini menyebabkan JGTC seolah hanya menjadi ajang sinau utawi ngenal kadhos pundhi ngemunah sebuah [[festival]] utawi pertunjukan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wartajazz.com/opijazz/opijazz021005.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125051915/http://wartajazz.com/opijazz/opijazz021005.html |archive-date=2009-01-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Menanggapi penemu itu, tokoh jazz Indonésia [[Idang Rasjidi]] maringi komentaripun, "JGTC boten even profesional kanggé madosi kauntungan nanging punika peran psikologis saking [[mahasiswa]] ingkang kasunyatan maringi warna ing musik jazz ing [[Indonésia]]. Nanging saged dipunsebatt tonggak pergelaran jazz. Yang dilihat bukan peningkatan, tetapi stamina. JGTC itu kerjaan seni bukan masalah yang ini langkung saé saking sadèrèngipun."<ref name="pikiran-rakyat.com"/> [[Kategori:Musik jazz]] 5wa2jcblchex7xenagsgqiugo9744s7 Cosplay 0 95285 1759894 1754714 2026-11-05T13:28:18Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Visual kei.jpg|thumb|''Cosplay'' nganggo kostum grup musik [[Malice Mizer]] ]] [[Gambar:Harajuku bridge 02.jpg|thumb|''Cosplay'' ing distrik [[Harajuku]], Tokyo]] {{nihongo|'''''Cosplay'''''|コスプレ|Kosupure}} ya iku istilah basa Inggris gawéan Jepang ([[wasei-eigo]]) kang asalé saka gabungan tembung "''costume''" (kostum) lan "''play''" (bermain). ''Cosplay'' berarti hobi nggunakaké pakaian karo aksesori lan rias wajah kaya ta kang dienggo tokoh-tokoh sajeroning [[anime]], [[manga]], [[manhwa]], [[dongèng]], [[permainan video]], penyanyi lan musisi idola, lan [[filem kartun]]. Pelaku ''cosplay'' ingaran ''cosplayer'', ing kalangan penggemar, ''cosplayer'' uga disingkat minangka ''layer''. Ing Jepang, peserta ''cosplay'' bisa ditemoni sajeroning acara kang dianakaké perkumpulan penggemar (''dojin circle''), kaya ta [[Comic Market]], utawa nekani konser saka grup musik kang kanti ''genre'' [[visual kei]]. Penggemar ''cosplay'' kalebu ''cosplayer'' utawa ora ''cosplayer'' wis nyebar ing sekabehané penjuru dunya, ya iku Amérika, RRC, Éropah, Filipina, utawa Indonésia. == Sajarah == Awit pérangan kapindho taun 1960-an, penggemar carita lan filem [[fiksi ilmiah]] ing Amérikah Sarékat kerep nganakaké [[konvensi fiksi ilmiah]]. Peserta konvensi gunakaké kostum kaya kang dienggo paraga-paraga filem fiksi ilmiah kaya ta [[Star Trek]]. Budaya Amérikah Sarékat biyèn ngenal bentuk-bentuk pista topèng (''masquerade'') kaya sajeroning karaméan [[Haloween]] lan [[Paskah]].<ref name="hirobuchi">{{cite book |last= Horibuchi |first= Seiji |title= Moeru Amérika: Beikokujin wa ikani shite MANGA o yomu yoni nattaka |url= https://archive.org/details/moeruamerikabeik0000hori |publisher= Nikkei BP-sha |date=Agustus 2006 |isbn= 4-8222-4528-4 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/moeruamerikabeik0000hori/page/n244 234]}}</ref> Tradisi penyelenggaraan konvensi fiksi ilmiah nganti tekan Jepang nalika dekade 1970-an sajeroning wujud acara peragaan kostum (''costume show'').<ref name="no-tenki">{{cite book |last= Takeda |first= Yasuhiro |title= No-tenki tsushin: Evangelion o tsukutta otokotachi |publisher= Wani Books |date=April 2002 |isbn= 4-8470-1407-3 |pages = 102}}</ref> Ing Jepang, peragaan "cosplay" kapisan kali dianankaké taun [[1978]] ing Ashinoko, [[Prefektur Kanagawa]] sajeroning wujud pista topeng konvensi fiksi ilmiah [[Nihon SF Taikai]] ke-17. Kritikus fiksi ilmiah Mari Kotani nekani konvensi kanti gunakaké kostum kaya ta tokoh sajeroning gambar sampul carita ''A Fighting Man of Mars'' karya [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]]. Ora amung Mari Kotani neani Nihon SF Taikai sinambi ber-''cosplay''. Direktur perusahaan animasi [[Gainax]], Yasuhiro Takeda gunakaké kostum tokoh [[Star Wars]].<ref name="no-tenki"/> Nalika wektu iku, peserta konvensi ngira Mari Kotani gunakaké kostum paraga manga ''[[Triton of the Sea]]'' karya [[Osamu Tezuka]]. Kotani dhéwé ora ngupaya mbantah, sanganti médhia massa kerep nulis kostum ''Triton of the Sea'' minangka kostum ''cosplay'' kapisan kang dienggo ing Jepang. Seterusé, kontès ''cosplay'' didadékaké acara tetep awit Nihon SF Taikai ke-19 taun 1980. Peserta gunakaké kostum [[Superman]], [[Atom Boy]], sarta tokoh sajeroning ''[[Toki o Kakeru Shojo]]'' lan filem ''[[Virus (filem taun 1980)|Virus]]''.<ref name="komatsu">{{cite book |last= Komatsu |first= Sakyo |title= Komatsu Sakyo no SF Seminar |publisher= Shueisha-Shueisha Bunko |date=Juni 1982 |isbn= |pages = 31}}</ref> Saliyané ing [[Comic Market]], acara ''cosplay'' dadi selot kerep dianakaké sajeroning acara pameran ''[[dojinshi]]'' lan pertemuan penggemar fiksi ilmiah ing Jepang. Majalah anime ing Jepang sithik saka sithik wiwit memuat berita babgan acara ''cosplay'' ing pameran lan penjualan terbitan ''[[dojinshi]]''. Liputan gedhé-gedhenan kapisan kali dilakukaké kalawarta ''[[Fanroad]]'' edisi perdana wulan Agustus [[1980]]. Edisi mau gawé berita mirunggan babagan anané kelompok bocah enom kang ingaran "Tominoko-zoku" ber-''cosplay'' ing kawasan [[Harajuku]] kanti gunakaké kostum klambi lumaku [[Gundam]]. Kelompok "Tominoko-zoku" dikabarkaké ana manga tandingan kanggo [[Takenoko-zoku]] (kelompok bocahenom kanti pakeyan anèh kang waktu iku ngramèkaké kawasan Harajuku). Istilah "Tominoko-zoku" dijkuk saka jeneng sutradara filem animasi ''[[Gundam]]'', [[Yoshiyuki Tomino]], lan sisan wujud parodi saka istilah Takenoko-zoku. Foto peserta cosplay kang joged-joged sinambi gunakaké kostum robot Gundam uga mèlu dimuat. Sanajan sebenare artikel babagan Tominoko-zoku amung dimaksutake kanggo golèk sensasi, artikel mau kaasil dadekake "''cosplay''" minangka istilah umum ing kalangan penggemar anime. sadurungé istilah ''cosplay'' digunakaké déning médhia massa elektronik, asistèn penyiar Minky Yasu wis kerep nindakaké ''cosplay''. Kostum tokoh [[Minky Momo]] kerep digunakaké Minky Yasu sajrone acara temu darat ''[[mami no RADI-karu communication]]'' kang digiyaraké déning [[Radio Tokai]] awit taun [[1984]]. Seteruse, acara radhio kang padha wiwit nganakake kontès ''cosplay''. Saka taun [[1989]] nganti [[1995]], ing [[tv asahi]] digiyaraké ranking kostum ''cosplay'' kang lagi populèr sajrone acara ''[[Hanakin Data Land]]''. Sekitar taun [[1985]], hobi ''cosplay'' selot amba ing Jepang amarga ''cosplay'' wis dadi salah sijiné hal kang gampang dilakukake. Nalika wektu iku kebetulan tokoh ''[[Kapten Tsubasa]]'' lagi populèr, lan amung kanti kaus [[T-shirt]] juru main bola Kapten Tsubasa, wong wis bisa "ber-''cosplay''". Kegiatan ''cosplay'' dikabaraké wiwit dadi kagiyatan kelompok awit taun [[1986]]. Awit iku uga wiwit ana juru foto amatir (ingaran ''kodhak-kozo'') kang senang motret kagiyatan ''cosplay''.<ref name="otakuology">{{cite book |last= Okada |first= Toshio |title=Kokusai Otaku Daigaku: 1998-nen saizensen kara no kenkyu hokoku (1998 International Otaku University otakuology annual) |publisher= Kobunsha |date=Juli 1998 |isbn=4-3349-7182-2 |chapter= Dai-10-ko Kosupure-shi| pages = 228-232}}</ref> == Cosplay ing Indonésia == Cosplayer ya iku wong kang gunakaké pakaian/kostum/cosplay. Akehe costume kang digunakan saka Jepang. Ing Indonésia langka banget tinemu Cosplayer kang gunakaké pakaian saka komik jaba asia, pira-ppira migunakaké jinis eropa nanging amarga dijikuk saka manga/manwa ora saka komik jaba asia. === Pérangan cosplay === Lumrahé cosplay dinilai padha. Nanging ora langsung sajeroning pira-pira ''event'' kang kadadéan ing Indonésia kerep dilakokaké pembagian/kategori cosplay{{fact}}: * Cosplay anime/manga. Cosplay kang asalé saka [[anime]] maupun [[manga]]. Biasanya [[manhwa]] kalebu didalamnya kalebu comic saka amerika. * Cosplay Game. Cosplay kang asalé utawa jikuk saka karakter ing Game. * Cosplay Tokusatsu. Cosplay kang asalé utawa jikuk saka karakter di filem [[tokusatsu]]. * Cosplay Gothic. Cosplay yang asalé utawa jikuk saka karakter kanti nuansa peteng utawa Gothic. Biasane digabung kantiLolita. * Cosplay Original. Cosplay kang benar-benar original ora ana ing [[anime]], [[tokusatsu]] lan liyané. Utawa duwé dhasar kang padha kaya ta paraga game Kingdom heart contoné: [[Sora (Kingdom Heart)]] nanging wujudé metalic (modhèren) == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category|Cosplay}} * [http://www.cosplay.com Berita tentang cosplay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101111718/http://www.cosplay.com/ |date=2015-11-01 }} * {{ja}} [http://layers.jp Situs web majalah khusus cosplay] * {{ja}} [http://www.costume.tv/cdic/index.html Kamus dunia cosplay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102215325/http://www.costume.tv/cdic/index.html |date=2007-11-02 }} * {{ja}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20130121171206/http://cnet.cosplay.ne.jp/ Situs acara cosplay] [[Kategori:Subkultur Jepang]] [[Kategori:Otaku]] [[Kategori:Cosplay]] 4b91cuj7e98pu0p2foj8u9sto0khzsp Kapibara 0 95485 1760143 1748348 2026-11-06T04:17:00Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} {{Taxobox | color = pink | name = Kapibara | status = lc | image = Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris.jpg | image_width = 200px | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | subphylum = [[Vertebrata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | ordo = [[Rodent]]ia | subordo = [[Hystricomorpha]] | familia = [[Caviidae]] | subfamilia = [[Hydrochoerinae]] | genus = '''''Hydrochoerus''''' | species = '''''H. hydrochaeris''''' | binomial = ''Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[1766]]) | range_map = Capybara-range.png | range_map_width = 200px | range_map_caption = Laladan penyebaran kapibara }} '''Kapibara''' (''Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris'') ya iku sawijining jinis [[kéwan pengerat]] gedhé dhéwé kang isih ana ing donya (kéwan pengerat gedhé dhéwé kang wis cures ya iku ''Phoberomys pattersoni''). Kapibara minangka kéwan asli saka laladan [[tropis]] lan lembap ing [[Amérika kidul]]. Kapibara uga bisa tinemu ing laladan wétan [[Andes]] saka wewengkon Kanal [[Panama]] nganti laladan lor [[Kolombia]] lan [[Venezuala]], [[Uruguay]], lan Provinsi [[Buenos Aires]] ing [[Argentina]]. Siji-sijine spesies kapibara liyane yaiku kapibara cilik. Spesies iki minangka spesies sosial sing dhuwur banget lan bisa ditemokake ing klompok nganti 100 individu, nanging biasane manggon ing klompok 10-20 individu. == Katrangan == Kapibara nduweni awak sing abot, bentuke tong lan endhas cendhak, kanthi wulu coklat abang ing sisih ndhuwur awak sing dadi kuning-coklat ing ngisor. Dawa awak Kapibara diwasa tekan 1-1,35 m, dhuwur ing withers yaiku 50-60 cm, lanang bobote 34-63 kg, lan wadon - 36-65,5 kg (pangukuran dijupuk ing Venezuelan llanos). Badhak wadon biasane luwih gedhe tinimbang lanang. Kapibara diwasa bisa bobote antara 35 lan 66 kg (77 lan 146 lb). Badhak wadon rada luwih abot tinimbang lanang. Bobot maksimum Kapibara wadon liar sing kacathet yaiku 91 kg (201 lb) saka Brasil, lan bobot maksimum Kapibara lanang liar sing kacathet yaiku 73,5 kg (162 lb) saka Uruguay.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whatiscapybara.com/|title=What Is Capybara - A compete capybara guide|language=en-US|access-date=2024-02-18|archive-date=2024-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217172149/https://whatiscapybara.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/blog/capybara-fact-sheet/|title=Capybara Fact Sheet {{!}} Blog {{!}} Nature {{!}} PBS|last=Schmidt|first=Amanda|date=2023-08-14|website=Nature|language=en-US|access-date=2024-02-18}}</ref> == Diet == Kapibara mangan campuran vegetasi samudra, suket, kulit, umbi, teken gula, lan oyod tanduran. Padha kudu mangan ton amarga padha duwe kapasitas diwatesi kanggo nyimpen lemak ing awak. Dheweke minangka feeder khusus lan mangan godhong siji klompok kewan lan ngilangi spesies sing kalebu. Dheweke mangan macem-macem tanduran sing luwih misuwur nalika musim kemarau, amarga luwih sithik tanduran sing bisa diakses. Nalika padha mangan suket ing mangsa udan, padha kudu ngganti menyang alang-alang tambahan ing mangsa garing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.roswell-nm.gov/1696/Capybara|title=Capybara {{!}} Roswell, NM|website=www.roswell-nm.gov|access-date=2024-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/cabybara-facts|title=Capybara Facts|date=2018-12-20|website=Animals|language=en|access-date=2024-02-18}}</ref> == Pranala njaba == {{commons category|Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris}} {{wikispecies|Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130112224123/http://www.junglephotos.com/amazon/amanimals/ammammals/capybara.shtml Capybara photo and natural history] [[Kategori:Sato kéwan]] [[Kategori:Mamalia]] 6kvc9ri08w0rjbhwb4gvrn55ydb4q6p Pura Changdeok 0 95802 1759945 1754756 2026-11-05T17:12:14Z Dr. Thomas Liptak 69015 photos updated (2026) 1759945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean name |image=Seoul, Jongno District, Changdeokgung Palace (Throne in Injeongjeon).jpg |hangul=창덕궁 |hanja=昌德宮 |rr=Changdeokgung |mr=Ch'angdŏkkung }} {{Infobox World Heritage Site | Name = Komplek Pura Changdeokgung | Image = [[Gambar:Seoul, Jongno District, Changdeokgung Palace (Injeongjeon).jpg|290px]] | imagecaption= Changdeokgung Injeongjeon | State Party = {{flagicon|South Koréa}} [[Koréa Kidul]] | Type = Budaya | Criteria = ii, iii, iv | ID = 816 | Region = [[Asia-Pasifik]] | Year = 1997 | Session = 21st | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/816 }} '''Pura Changdeok''' utawi '''Pura Changdeokgung''' punika satunggaling [[astana|pura]] [[Dinasti Joseon]] ing [[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]] ,<ref name="astana">[http://wartawarga.gunadarma.ac.id/2012/01/objek-wisata-di-korea-selatan-istana-changdeok/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121210135405/http://wartawarga.gunadarma.ac.id/2012/01/objek-wisata-di-korea-selatan-istana-changdeok/ |date=2012-12-10 }} (id) Objek wisata di Koréa Kidul-Pura Changdeok (dipun-akses tanggal 8 Januari 2013)</ref><ref name="CHANGDEOK PALACE-UNESCO">[http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=816 Changdeokgung Palace Complex], ''UNESCO''.</ref>. Pura punika mapan wonten ing sisih [[wétan]] pura utama ([[Astana Gyeongbok|Pura Gyeongbok]]). Pura punika pikantuk jejuluk ''Donggung'' (Pura Timur). Changdeokgung piyambak punika ateges ''Pura Kabecikan Gumawang''.<ref name="ISTANA KOREA">{{cite book | last=Kim | first=Dong-uk | year=2006 | title=Palaces of Koréa | url=https://archive.org/details/palacesofkorea0000kimt | publisher=Hollym Corp | location=Seoul | isbn=1-56591-224-1 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/palacesofkorea0000kimt/page/88 88]}}</ref> Minangka pura utama, Pura gyeongbok dados pusating papréntahan ing dipunubengi déning [[kuil leluhur]], [[altar kurban]], lan kantor-kantor papréntahan. Nanging pura ingkang dipunremeni lan dipunenggèni langkung dangu punika Changdeok. Nalika pungkasan Dinasti Joseon ing taun 1910, Pura Changdeok dados asèt pamaréntah lan kabikak kanggé umum. Dumugi sapunika, kompleks punika dipunremeni amargi marisi èlemen-èlemen arsitèktur [[Zaman Tiga Karajan]] ingkang harmonis kaliyan alam. Metode kados makaten boten pinanggih ing pangyasaning [[Astana Gyeongbok|Pura Gyeongbok]]. Sesarengan [[Bèntèng Hwaseong]], Pura Changdeok dipunlestantunaken minangka [[Situs Warisan Donya UNESCO]] ing [[taun]] 1997 <ref name="CHANGDEOK PALACE-UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE">[http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/180 World Heritage Committee Inscribes 46 New Sites on World Heritage List], ''UNESCO''.</ref><ref name="astanachangdeok">[http://korea.panduanwisata.com/korea-selatan-wisata-asia/seoul/changdeokgung-pesona-istana-yang-pernah-terbakar/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107155712/http://korea.panduanwisata.com/korea-selatan-wisata-asia/seoul/changdeokgung-pesona-istana-yang-pernah-terbakar/ |date=2012-11-07 }} (id) Changdeokgung (dipun-akses tanggal 8 Januari 2013)</ref>. == Sajarah == Pura Changdeok punika dipunyasa nalika taun 1405. Wiwitanipun pura punika dados [[villa]] utawi bale angin ''(igung)''. Pura kados makaten padatanipun namung kaginakaken kanggé dalem raja sawatara nalika ngaso. Kathahipun dipunyasa tebih saking kutha krajan, mliginipun wonten ing tlatah-tlatah kanthi pemandhangan ingkang éndah. Nanging, Changdeok punika satunggaling vila ingkang mapan wonten ing kutha krajan namung 1&nbsp;km saking [[Astana Gyeongbok|Pura Gyeongbok]]. Kebiasaan yasa vila wonten ing kutha kados makaten kawiwitan nalika jaman [[Dinasti Goryeo]]. Amargi wiwitianipun dipunyasa dados vila yasan ing Pura Changdeok punika boten wiyar lan fasilitasipun kanggé nggampilaken [[raja]]. Nalika peran pura punika langkung kathah kanggé adicara ingkang resmi, banjur dipunwiyaraken lan cacahipun yasan ugi dipuntambah. Nalika 200 taun kapisan, Pura Changdeok boten kénging prabawa masalah [[pulitik]] ingkang kadadosan ing [[astana|pura]] utama. Nalika gesangipun raja nembé tentrem banjur tindak dhateng Pura Changdeok. Ing periode punika, papan ingkang dados remenanipun raja inggih punika ''Gwangyeollu'' ''(Pendhapa ingkang wiyar)'' ingkang sampun jumeneng saking purwa. [[Raja Taejong]] asring ngawontenaken jamuan kanggé para pejabat pura Gwangyeollu lan mirsani ''gyeokgu'' ([[polo]]) saking mriki. Pura Chaengdeok naté kobongan nalika prastawa [[Perang Imjin]] ing taun 1592 <ref name="CHANGDEOK PALACE-LIFE IN KOREA">[http://www.lifeinkorea.com/Travel2/seoul/76 Changdeok Palace / Biwon Garden], ''lifeinkorea''</ref>. Pembangunan malih dipunwontenaken ing taun 1609 ingkang nggantos Pura Gyeongbok minangka pura utama <ref name="astanachangdeok"/>. == Ugi pirsani == * [[Astana Gyeongbok|Pura Gyeongbok]] * [[Astana Changgyeong|Pura Changgyeong]] * [[Astana Deoksu|Pura Deoksu]] * [[Astana Gyeonghui|Pura Gyeonghui]] == Pranala njawi == * [http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=816 UNESCO: Changdeokgung Palace Complex] * [http://eng.cdg.go.kr/bulletin/view01.htm?TbCode=1&Num=1 Changdeokgung Palace] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901093819/http://eng.cdg.go.kr/bulletin/view01.htm?TbCode=1&Num=1 |date=2012-09-01 }} * {{ko}} [http://www.cdg.go.kr Changdeokgung Palace] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040923192824/http://www.cdg.go.kr/ |date=2004-09-23 }} * [http://www.lifeinkorea.com/Travel2/seoul/76 Life in Korea: Changdeok Palace / Biwon Garden] == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Astana]] [[Kategori:Koréa]] 3sx0ioiiq5amg0o7m6psahm7uv16w94 Lee Man Fong 0 95978 1760233 1673101 2026-11-06T08:34:23Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760233 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Lee man fong.jpg|thumb|250 px|Lee Man Fong]] '''Lee Man Fong''' (wiyos wonten ing [[Guangdong]], [[Cina]], 14 [[November]] 1913-séda ing [[taun]] 1988) punika satunggaling tokoh seni lukis [[Jakarta]] ingkang naté dados pelukis ing [[Astana Nagara]] <ref name="lee1">[http://www.anneahira.com/tokoh-tokoh-seni-lukis.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303132058/http://www.anneahira.com/tokoh-tokoh-seni-lukis.htm |date=2013-03-03 }} (id) Tokoh-tokoh seni lukis (dipun-akses tanggal 15 Januari 2013)</ref> sesarengan kaliyan [[Lim Wasim]] lan [[Dullah]] nalika masa papréntahan kapresidenan [[Soekarno]] <ref name="lee2">[http://pulitik.kompasiana.com/2012/11/16/tokoh-tionghoa-indonesia-yang-berpengaruh-pada-pulitik-di-indonesia-503785.html]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (id) Tokoh Tionghoa-Indonésia yang berpengaruh pada pulitik di Indonésia (dipun-akses tanggal 15 Januari 2013)</ref>. == Karir == Nalika umur 3 taun Lee Man Fong dipunbeta kaliyan bapakipun ingkang dados penyadé dhateng [[Singapura]]. Wonten ing Singapura Lee Man Fong dipundidik wonten ing sekolah [[Cina]] [[Inggris]] dumugi taun 1929 nalika bapakipun séda. Ing taun 1932 Lee Man Fong tindak dhateng [[Indonésia]], makarya ing [[Jakarta]] minangka éditor seni satunggaling [[majalah]] Cina. Lajeng makarya dados désainer ing pérangan percetakan lan firma panerbit Kolfand Company <ref name="lee3">[http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/1713/Lee-Man-Fong]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (id) Lee Man Fong (dipun-akses tanggal 15 Januari 2013)</ref>. Kalih taun salajengipun damel agèn adventensi lan nyambut damel dados [[seniman]] komersial. Taun 1949 pamaréntah [[Walanda]] paring anungrah béasiswa Malino dhateng Lee Man Fong 3 taun kanggé sinau ing [[Walanda]] lan kondur malih dhateng Indonésia taun 1952. Lajeng nyambut damel dados èditor seni ing Nanyang Post, satunggaling majalah mawi [[gambar]] ingkang terbit ing Jakarta. Lee Man Fong ing taun 1955 damel Asosiasi Seniman Yin Hua minangka ketuanipun <ref name="lee3" />. Nalika taun 1936, pangarsaning Hindia Walanda ing [[Batavia]] ngundang Asosiasinipun kanggé ndhèrèk partisipasi wonten ing satunggaling paméran, Lee Man Fong punika artis non-Walanda kapisan ingkang pikantuk undangan punika. Lee Man Fong ugi naté wonten ing [[Bali]], ing Bali karya-karyanipun kathah dipunpengaruhi déning karya [[Willem Hofker]]. Lajeng ngawontenaken pameran tunggal ing [[Jakarta]] nalika taun 1941. Ing taun 1942 Lee Man Fong naté dipunpenjara amargi nentang dhateng kolonialisme [[Jepang]] ing Indonésia. Dipunpenjara kanthi dangu 6 wulan, nanging dipunbiyantu medal déning Takahashi Masao satunggaling perwira Jepang ingkang tertarik kaliyan potensi artistikipun Lee Man Fong <ref name="lee4">[http://archive.ivaa-online.org/archive/pelakuseni/lee-man-fong-1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423203017/https://archive.ivaa-online.org/archive/pelakuseni/lee-man-fong-1 |date=2025-04-23 }} (id) Pelaku seni-Lee Man Fong (dipun-akses tanggal 15 Januari 2013)</ref>. Taun 1956, Lee Man Fong mimpin rombongan Yin Hua dhateng [[Tiongkok]]. Taun 1961 dados pelukis [[astana]] déné [[Lim Wasim]] dados asistenipun. Soekaro lan [[Ratna Sari Dewi]] ingkang remen dhateng seni lukis saéngga paring dampak dhateng Lee Man Fong. Ing taun 1964, Ratna Sari Dewi kasil nglampahi hobi ing Jepang saéngga sapérangan kolèksi Soekarno ingkang dipundamel buku dipuncetak ing Jepang, Percetakan Toppan, [[Tokyo]]. Buku punika dipunsusun déning Lee Man Fong kanthi kualifikasi cétak ingkang caket kaliyan sampurna <ref name="lee5">[http://uniknya.com/2012/01/25/5-tokoh-penting-dan-inspiratif-tionghoa-di-indonesia/]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (id) Tokoh wigati dan inspiratif Tionghoa di Indonésia (dipun-akses tanggal 15 Januari 2013)</ref>. == Ugi pirsani == [[Pratélan Seniman Indonésia]] == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Pelukis Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Lair 1913]] ioxbows2ir848n0z31ubr1wfm9j9d3w Itji Tarmizi 0 96005 1760055 1656525 2026-11-05T23:13:49Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Itji Tarmizi | image = 1340971159.jpg | alt = | caption = Sketsa Itji Tarmizi | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1939|7|21}} | birth_place = Désa Tepi Selo, [[Lintau]], [[Tanah Datar]], [[Sumatera Barat]], [[Hindia Nèderlan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2001|11|27|1939|7|21}} | death_place = {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Jakarta]] | nationality = [[Indonésia]] | other_names = | known_for = | occupation = [[Pelukis]] }} '''Itji Tarmizi''' (wiyos ing Désa Tepi Selo, [[Lintau]], [[Batu Sangkar]], [[Sumatra Barat]], 21 [[Juli]] 1939-lajeng séda ing [[Jakarta]], 27 [[November]] 2001 kanthi yuswa 62 taun) punika satunggaling tokoh [[seniman]] seni rupa [[Indonésia]]<ref name="itji1">[http://www.jakarta.go.id/jakv1/encyclopedia/detail/3714] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323054011/http://www.jakarta.go.id/jakv1/encyclopedia/detail/3714 |date=2012-03-23 }} (id) Itji Tarmizi (dipun-akses tanggal 16 Januari 2013)</ref>. == Karir == Itji Tarmizi sinau nglukis kathi [[otodidak]] dumugi taun 1953. Lajeng Itji Tarmizi ndhèrèk gabung ing Sanggar Pelukis Rakyat sesarengan kaliyan pelukis sanèsipun kados ta [[Hendra Gunawan]], [[Affandi]], [[Soedjojono]], [[Trubus]], [[Permadi Leosta]], lan [[Tatang Ganar]]<ref name="itji2">[http://archive.ivaa-online.org/archive/pelakuseni/itji-tarmizi-1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208091501/https://archive.ivaa-online.org/archive/pelakuseni/itji-tarmizi-1 |date=2024-12-08 }} (id) Pelaku seni-Itji Tarmizi (dipun-akses tanggal 16 Januari 2013)</ref>. Nalika éra taun 1950-an dumugi pungkasan taun 1960-an, wonten ing kalangan seniman [[Indonésia]] Itji Tarmizi kawéntar amargi karya-karyanipun ingkang ngangkat pagesangan padintenan masarakat. Itji Tarmizi ugi ndhèrèk ing Sanggar Bumi Tarung. Itji Tarmizi naté boten lulus saking Sekolah Rakyat, nanging naté ugi ketampi dados mahasiswa luar biyasa [[Akademi Seni Rupa Indonésia]] (ASRI), [[Yogyakarta]]. Soekarno punika salah satunggaling tokoh ingkang ngolèksi karya lukis Itji Tarmizi kados satunggal karyanipun ingkang fenomenal inggih punika ''Lelang Ikan'' (1958-1960) <ref name="itji1" /><ref name="itji2" />. Lukisan Itji Tarmizi punika kanthi aliran realisme-sosialis. Pilihan proyek lukisanipun dipunanggep saged nyulihi gesangipun rakyat ing padintenan. Karya-karya Itji Tarmizi sanès [[seni]] ingkang ''berteriak lantang'' nuntut éwah-éwahan nanging kaéndahan fisik ingkang dados faktor utama ing krarya-karyanipun <ref name="itji1" />. Ugi kalebet salah satunggaling pelukis ing jaman [[orde lama]] periode 1950-1960-an, kala punika ing masa mau nembé wonten sosialisme ingkang ramé. Tragèdi ing taun 1965 saged damel Itji Tarmizi minangka anggota Pelukis Rakyat lan Sanggar Bumi Tarung kesah lan ngilang saing donyaning seni rupa nalika masa papréntahan Orde Baru. Trauma pulitik lan kasaring papréntahan Orde Baru ingkang damel Itji Tarmizi ngurung awakipun piyambak wonten ing kampungipun. Sasampunipun éra reformasi, Itji Tarmizi kondur malih dhateng Jakarta lan kondur ing donyaning seni rupa<ref name="itji2" />. Pelukis Itji Tramizi punika séda ing Jakarta, tanggal 27 November 2001 lan dipunmakamaken wonten ing TPU Pondok Kelapa, pas kaliyan pameran tunggal kan pungkasanipun nembé dipunsiapaken <ref name="itji2" />. === Pendidikan dan Kegiatan === * [[Otodidak]]. * Mahasiswa Luar Biyasa [[Akademi Seni Rupa Indonésia]] (ASRI), [[Yogyakarta]]. * Sanggar Pelukis Rakyat sesarengan kaliyan pelukis [[Hendra Gunawan (pelukis)|Hendra Gunawan]], [[Affandi]], [[Soedjojono]], [[Trubus]], [[Permadi Leosta]], lan [[Tatang Ganar]] * Sanggar Bumi Tarung. == Ugi pirsani == [[Pratélan Seniman Indonésia]] == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njawi == *[http://senirupa.net/mod.php?mod=publisher&op=viewarticle&cid=6&artid=13]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://mikkesusanto.jogjanews.com/itji-tarmizi.html Itji Tarmizi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830012424/http://mikkesusanto.jogjanews.com/itji-tarmizi.html |date=2016-08-30 }} *[http://sastra-indonesia.com/2010/10/soeharto-dan-fenomena-pulitik-kebudayaan/ Soeharto dan Fenomena Pulitik Kebudayaan]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Kategori:Pelukis Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Indonésia]] gb619smmb8sv880ftws4cpedapx4jkd Masjid Agung Karaton Surakarta 0 96081 1760266 1747863 2026-11-06T10:36:36Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760266 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:masjid ageng kraton Surakarta.jpg|thumb|masjid ageng kraton Surakarta]] '''Masjid Ageng Kraton Surakarta Hadiningrat''' utawi saged dipunsebat '''Masjid Agung Kraton Surakarta''' ing nalika jaman sadèrèngipun kamardikan inggih punika [[masjid]] kagunganipun [[Karaton Surakarta|Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat]] ingkang gadhah pigunan kanggé papan sarana ngibadah ugi minangka papan punjering kanggé nyiaraken agama [[Islam]] kanggé para warga kraton.<ref name="internet 1">[http://kratonsurakarta.com/masjid_agung.shtml] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627103108/http://kratonsurakarta.com/masjid_agung.shtml|date=2013-06-27}} Masjid Agung (dipunundhuh tanggal 19 Januari 2013)</ref> Masjid Ageng Surakarta punika dipunyasa déning Sunan [[Pakubuwana III]] nalika taun [[1763]] M ngantos taun [[1768]] M.<ref name="internet 2">[http://logisnews.com/2012/07/18/wisata-ziarah-ke-mesjid-agung-keraton-surakarta/] Wisata Ziarah ke Masjid Agung Karaton Surakarta (dipunundhuh tanggal 19 Januari 2013)</ref> Masjid punika kalebet [https://id.wikishia.net/view/Masjid_Jami%27 masjid Jami’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810155949/https://id.wikishia.net/view/Masjid_Jami%27 |date=2022-08-10 }} inggih punika masjid ingkang dipun-ginakaken kanggé salat jama’ah ingkang saged ngewrat jamaah ingkang kathah dados makmumipun nalika wekdal [[salat]], kados ta [https://politeknikalislam.ac.id/shalat-jumat-ibadah-wajib-bagi-laki-laki-muslim-dewasa/ salat Jum’at] saha [https://web.archive.org/web/20251205170937/https://id.wikishia.net/view/Salat_Id salat Id]. Minangka Masjid Karaton, masjid ageng punika ugi gadhah pigunan kanggé nyurung sadaya kaperloning kraton ingkang gayut kaliyan pagelan agama, kados ta [[Garebeg|Grebeg]] saha festival [[Sekatèn]]. Raja (sunan) [[Surakarta]] gadhah fungsi minangka panatagama utawi ingkang ngatur urusanipun agama, déné masjid punika minangka papan kanggé nyamektakaken fungsi punika. Sedaya pegawe masjid ageng ugi dipunangkat minangka abdi dalem kraton kanthi gelar kados ta ‘’Kanjeng Radèn Tumenggung Penghulu Tafsiranom kanggé penghulu masjid, saha Lurah Muadzin kanggé juru adan masjid ageng. == Kompleks Masjid == Masjid Agung Karaton Surakarta punika gadhah lahan ingkang ambanipun kirang langkung 19.180 mèter pasagi ingkang boten saged dipunpisahaken saking lingkungan ing sakitering kraton kanthi témbok pager keliling masjid dhuwuripun 3,25 mèter. Yasan Masjid Agung Karaton Surakarta punika inggih yasan kanthi gaya ‘’tajug’’ kanthi payon tumpang tiga saha gadhah pucuk (makutha). Gaya arsitèktur kados makaten inggih naming kanggé yasan masjid kemawon. Wonten ing salebeting kompleks masjid Agung punika saged kapanggih yasan sanèsipun kanthi piigunal kultiral kas [[Jawa]]- Islam. Wonten ugi [https://surakarta.suara.com/read/2021/11/07/171013/maksura-ruang-khusus-tempat-shalat-raja-keraton-kasunanan-di-masjid-agung-solo maksura] ingkang minangka papan panjangkeping masjid kraton. === Pager Masjid === Pager masjid kapérang dados kalih, inggih punika: * ‘’Pager keliling’’, ingkang dipunyasa nalika jumeneng nata Sunan [[Pakubuwana VIII]] nalika taun [[1858]]. * ‘’Gapura’’ masjid agung Karaton Surakarta punika wonten tiga lawang kanggé mlebet, kanthi [[gapura]] ingkang utama gadhah wujud [[paduraksa]] ingkang mapan wonten ing sisih [[wétan]] madhep [[alun-alun]] saha kalih gapura sanèsipun ingkang wonten ing sisih [[lor]] saha [[kidul]] masjid. === Palataran Masjid === Ing palataran masjid ugi madeg yasan- yasan sanèsipun ingkang minangka jejangkeping yasan utama masjid, kados ta: * ‘’Pagongan’’, ingkang mapan wonten ing sisih lor saha kidul sabibaripun mlebet gapura utama masjid. Wujudipun kados [[pendhapa]] kanthi ukuranipun kalih yasan kala wau sami. Gunanipun inggih kanggé papan nempataken [[gamelan]] karaton nalika nembé dipuntabuh ing wekdal Sekatèn kanggé mèngeti dinten miyosipun [[Muhammad]]. * ‘’Istal’’ utawi ‘’garasi’’ kreta kanggé para ratu nalika badhé [[Salat Jumat]] saha [[Grebeg]] ingkang dipunyasa kinten-kinten meh sesarengan kaliyan dipunbangunipun Masjid Agung Surakarta. Gedung PGA Negeri ingkang dipunyasa déning Sunan [[Pakubuwana X]] nalika taun [[1914]] saha dados kagunganipun kraton * ‘’Menara Adzan’’ ingkang gadhah corak arsitèktur kados gaya [[Qutub Minar]] ing [[Delhi]], [[India]], ingkang dipunyasa nalika taun [[1928]], nalika jumeneng nata Sunan [[Pakubuwana XI]]. == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Masjid ing Indonésia|Kraton Surakarta]] encjk28gdcahu0qgttz3s7rb4klm3jl Eko Tunas 0 96176 1759930 1655841 2026-11-05T16:10:21Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Celebrity | name = Eko Tunas | image = Ekotunas.jpg | caption = Eko Tunas | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|7|18}} | birth_place = {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Kota Tegal|Tegal]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]] | occupation = [[Penulis]] | spouse = }} '''Eko Tunas''' ingkang miyos wonten ing [[Kota Tegal|Tegal]], [[Jawa Tengah]], tanggal [[18 Juli]] [[1956]] inggih punika salah satunggaling sastrawan saha pujangga Indonésia. Eko Tunas sampun remen nyerat, nglukis, saha maѐn teater wiwit taksih sekolah ing [[SMA]]. Piyambakipun sapunika gadhah dalem wonten ing [[Semarang]]. Atusan asiling seratanipun ingkang awujud ([[gurit]], [[carkak]], [[novèl]], saha esai) sampun kapacak wonten ing kathah médhia massa ing Indonésia, kados ta ing: ''Pelopor Yogya, Masa Kini, Bernas, [[Kedaulatan Rakyat]], [[Suara Merdeka]], Wawasan, Cempaka, Bahari, Dharma, [[Surabaya]] Pos, [[Jawa Pos]], [[Sinar Harapan]], [[Suara Pembaruan]], Suara Karya, [[Pelita]], [[Republika]], [[Kompas]], [[Horison]]'', lan sanès-sanèsipun. Ing warga masarakat [[Tegal]], Eko Tunas misuwur minangka tiyang ingkang dados pelopor ngginakaken tembung '''John''' dan '''Jack''', unen-unen kanggé nyeluk kancanipun ingkang sak umuran.<ref name="internet 2">[http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0209/25/jateng/jond25.htm John dan Jack Pergi dari Tegal, Joshua Igho BG, Kompas Cetak, 25 September 2002] (dipunundhuh tangga 21 Januari 2013)</ref> == Riwayat Pagesanganipun == Ing taun [[1976]], piyambakipun mlebet ing [[Sekolah Tinggi]] Seni Rupa [[Indonésia]] (STSRI) [[Yogyakarta]] jurusan Seni Lukis saha dados satunggal ing Sanggar bambu.<ref name="internet 3">[http://jogjanews.com/eko-tunas-jogja-dapurnya-kesenian-indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724025318/http://jogjanews.com/eko-tunas-jogja-dapurnya-kesenian-indonesia |date=2019-07-24 }} Eko Tunas: Jogja Dapurnya Kesenian Indonésia (dipunundhuh tanggal 21 Januari 2013)</ref> Ing sadangunipun sekolah ing Yogya, piyambakipun kekancan kaliyan [[Emha Ainun Nadjib]], [[Ebiet G Ade]], saha EH Kartanagara. Piyambakipun ugi sampun kathah ndhèrèk paméran ageng Sanggarbambu saha pameran Tiga Muda ing Tegal nalika taun [[1978]] sareng kaliyan Wowok Legowo saha Dadang Christanto. Ing taun [[1981]], piyambakipun mlebet IKIP Semarang jurusan seni rupa, saha ndhèrèk pameran mahasiswa ing Semarang saha Jakarta.<ref name="internet 4">[http://portalsemarang.com/eko-tunas-berkarya-tak-kenal-usia] Eko Tunas, Berkarya Tak Kenal Usia (dipunundhuh tanggal 21 Januari 2013)</ref> Novelipun ingkang kanthi irah-irahan ''Wayang Kertas'', dados jawara Sayembara Cipta Cerita Bersambung [[Suara Merdeka]] taun [[1990]]. Sapérangan cerpènipun ugi dipunwedalaken sesarengan kaliyan [[Dewan Kesenian Jakarta]] (DKJ) wonten ing buku ''Bidadari Sigarasa'' taun 2002 lan dipunwaosaken ing [[Taman Ismail Marzuki]] (TIM) [[Jakarta]]. Kempalan gurit ingkang sampun naté dipuncithak ing antawisipun inggih punika; Puisi-gurit Dolanan (1978), saha Yang Terhormat Rakyat (2000). Ing taun [[1978]], sareng kaliyan [[Yono Daryono]] saha YY Haryoguritno madegaken [[Teater RSPD Tegal]] saha [[Studi Grup Sastra Tegal]] (SGST). Naskah teater ingkang sepisanan dipunpentasaken inggih kanthi irah – irahan ''Martoloyo Martopuro''. Piyambakipun ingkang dados panyerat, sutradara, saha dados aktor utama. Lajeng piyambakipun gabung wonten ing Teater Dhome ing taun 1980 saha Teater Balling Semarang ing taun 2000. Lajeng madegaken Teater Pedalangan Semarang ing taun 1990. Piyambakipun sapunika asring méntasaken [[monolog]] ing sapérangan kitha ing Indonésia. Eko tunas ugi aktip nyerat gurit lagu kanggé golongan musik terapi Jayagatra Ungaran saking taun 2000 dumugi sapunika. Piyambakipun ugi asring dipunundang dados juri/pamedhar sabda wonten ing kompetisi/ pirembagan babagan sastra, teater, utawi seni rupa. == Naskah Drama == * Martoloyo Martopuro * Ronggeng Keramat * Menunggu Tuyul * Gerbong * Sang Koruptor * Langit Berkarat * Rumah Tak Berpintu * Palu Waktu * Surat dari Tanah Kelahiran * Meniti Buih * Pasar Kobar == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Sastrawan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Panitra Indonésia]] q7dew0xo48r7v46a5xlko5vjpw5nld2 Godi Suwarna 0 96326 1759984 1703725 2026-11-05T19:48:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Writer | name = Godi Suwarna | image = Godi Suwarna.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = Godi Suwarna | pseudonym = | birth_date = [[23 Mèi]] [[1956]] | birth_place = [[Tasikmalaya]] | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = Guru, Redaktur Surat Kabar Sipatahunan,PNS, Pengarang | nationality = Indonésia | period = | genre = [[Carpon]], [[Sajak]], [[Novèl]], [[Drama]], | subject = | movement = | debut_works = | spouse = Rahmayati Nila Kusumah | partner = | children = | relations = | influences = | influenced = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Godi Suwarna''',Inggih punika salah satunggaling pujangga [[Sunda]], ugi sastrawan [[Indonésia]] ingkang taksihproduktip ndamel karya- karya sastra. Godi Suwarna miyos ing [[Tasikmalaya]] tanggal [[23 Mèi]] [[1956]]. Lan sapunika piyambakipun dalem wonten ing [[Ciamis]], [[Jawa Kulon]].<ref name="internet 1">}[http://www.tamanismailmarzuki.com/tokoh/godi.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207185048/http://www.tamanismailmarzuki.com/tokoh/godi.html |date=2011-02-07 }} Penyair Godi Suwarna (dipunundhuh tanggal 23 Januari 2013)</ref> Godi Suwarna kaping sapisan nyerat sajak saha carpon mawi [[basa Sunda]] ing taun [[1976]] nalika piyambakipun taksih dados mahasiswa ing [[IKIP]] [[Bandung]] utawi ingkang sapunika dados [[UPI]] Bandung. Kajawi remen nyerat, wiwit alit Godi ugi sampun remen [[sandhiwara]]. Piyambakipun sampun naté dados [[aktor]], [[sutradara]], ugi nyerat naskah [[drama]], ing antawisipun “Burung-burung Hitam”, “Orang-orang Kelam”, “Gaok-gaok Geblek”, saha “Gor Gar”.<ref name="internet 2">[http://fikminsunda.com/profil/1846511367] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123090047/http://fikminsunda.com/profil/1846511367 |date=2013-01-23 }} Godi Suwarna (dipunundhuh tanggal 23 Januari 2013)</ref> <br/> Sasampunipun lulus kuliah, piyambakipun ugi ndhirikaken grup teater sesarengan kaliyan mahasiswa IKIP Bandung. Godi Suwarna ugi sampun naté kepilih dados Sutradara Terbaik Porseni Mahasiswa Tingkat Nasional ([[1981]]). Lajeng gabung ing STB ([[Studi Klub Bandung]]), sinau teater kaliyan [[Syatna Anirun]]. Ing STB, piyambakipun sampun naté pentas “King Lear”, “Sang Naga”, saha “Impian di Tengah Mangsa”. Ing taun [[1997]] dados sutradara pagelaran puisi Konglomerat Kéré Lauk di [[Universitas Wollongong]], [[Australia]].<ref name="penemuan1">Suwarna, Godi.2007.Jiwalupat Opat Kumpulan Sajak.Bandung:Geger Sunten</ref> Godi Suwarna ugi sampun naté dados sutradara pagelaran Burung-Burung Hitam (Godi Suwarna,) Cak Anumerta (Godi Suwarna), Edan (Putu Wijaya) Tengul (Arifin C. Noor), Durmayuda (Godi Suwarna) Bom Waktu (Riantiarno), Pandawa Dadu (Wahyu Wibisana). Ing taun [[2005]], Godi Suwarna dipunundhang maosaken sajak Sunda kanggé mèngeti dinten Hutan Kayu International Literary Biannele ingkang lajeng dipunkukuhakenipun TUK (Teater Utan Kayu). Ing taun 2006, piyambakipun dipunundhang malih kanggé maos sajak ing adicara “Internetional Poetry Festival” ingkang dipunadani déning DKJ (Dewan Kesenian Jakarta), lajeng maosaken sajak malih ingadicara JILFEST (Jakarta International Literary Festival) ing taun [[2008]]. Lajeng dipunundhang maosaken sajak Sunda malih ing adicara Jakarta Berlin Arts Festival ing [[Jerman]], [[Juli]] [[2011]]. Lajeng saking taun [[1998]], piyambakipun gadhah pamanggih kanggé nggelar adicara “Nyiar Lumar”, inggih punika pagelaran rupa-rupa kesenian Sunda Sapeuting Jeput, wonten ing tabet (alas karamat) Astanagedé, Kawali, patilasan [[Karajan Galuh]]. == Asiling Karya == * ''Jagat Alit'' ([[1979]]) * ''Surat-surat Kaliwat'' ([[1982]]) * ''Blues Kéré Lauk'' ([[1992]]) * ''Dongéng Si Ujang'' ([[1998]]) * ''Murang-Maring'' ([[1980]]) * ''Serat Sarwasatwa'' ([[1995]]) * Novèl ''Sandékala'' ([[2007]]) * Novèl ''Jeung Déng'' ([[2009]]) == Penghargaan == # Naskah Novèl Sandékala pikantuk bebungah Sastra Daéng Kanduruan Ardiwinata ing taun [[1998]]. # Naskah Novèl Déng pikantuk Bebungah Sastra Oeton Moehtar taun 2000 # Kempalan cerpenipun, kanthi irah-irahan “Murang-Maring” (1980), “Serat Sarwasatwa” (1995), Buku “Blues Kere Lauk” menang bebungah Sastra Rancage (1993) # Sutradara Terbaik PORSENI Jawa Barat (1980), # Sutradara Terbaik PORSENI Nasional (1981), # Buku Kumpulan Puisi Blues Kere Lauk menang bebungah Sastra Rancage (1993), # Cerpen Serat Sarwasastra pikantuk Bebungah Sastra Rancage (1996), # Naskah Novèl Sandekala pikantuk Bebungah Sastra Paguyuban Pasundan (1998), # Novèl Deng pikantuk Bebungah Sastra Oeton Moechtar (2000) == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Sastrawan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Pujangga Sunda]] [[Kategori:Lair 1956]] {{sastra-stub}} qwvgqsazgoc2hbpohlgrcx6gga57g44 Gerty Cori 0 96337 1759973 1558198 2026-11-05T19:32:30Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} {{Infobox person | name = Gerty Cori | image = Gerty Theresa Cori.jpg | alt = | caption = Gerty Cori in 1947 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1896|8|15}} | birth_name = Gerty Theresa Radnitz | birth_place = [[Prague]], [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1957|10|26|1896|8|15}} | death_cause = [[Myelosclerosis]] | death_place = | residence = [[United States|American]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Carl Ferdinand Cori]]|1920|1957}} | other_names = Gerty Theresa Cori | alma_mater = [[German Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague]] | known_for = Extensive research on carbohydrate metabolism; described the [[Cori cycle]]; identified [[Glucose 1-phosphate]] | awards = Many [[#Awards and recognitions|awards and recognitions]], including [[Penghargaan Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Kedhokteran]] (1947) | occupation = [[Biochemistry|Biochemist]] }} [[Image:Gerty Theresa Radnitz Cori (1896-1957) and Carl Ferdinand Cori.jpg|thumb|Gerty Cori with her husband and fellow-Nobelist, [[Carl Ferdinand Cori]], in 1947.]] [[Dhokter|dr]]. '''Gerty Theresa Cori''' (kalair Radnitz) ({{lahirmati|[[Praha]]|15|8|1896||26|10|1957}}) inggih punika [[wanita]] kapisanan saking [[Amérika Sarékat]]<ref name="internet 1">{{Cite web |url=http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/mowihsp/bios/cori.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2010-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716210642/http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/mowihsp/bios/cori.htm |archive-date=2011-07-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ingkang pikantuk [[Penghargaan Nobel Fisiologi utawi Kedhokteran]] nalika taun [[1947]], ingkang dipuntampi kaliyan garwanipun dr. [[Carl Ferdinand Cori]], lan dr. [[Bernardo Houssay]] saking [[Argentina]].<ref name="internet 2">[http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1947/cori-gt-bio.html]</ref> == Pagesangan Awal == dr. Cori lair nalika tanggal [[15]] [[Agustus]] [[1896]] wonten ing [[Praha]], ingkang wekdal punika minangka péranganing [[Kamaharajan]] [[Ostenrik]]-[[Hungaria]]. Piyambakipun minangka ingkang palng sepuh saking 3 putri Martha lan Otto Radnitz, manajer [[pabrik gula]]. Kulawarga punika [[Yahudi]] lan piyambakipun dipundhidhik déning guru privat.<ref name="internet 3">[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_69.html]</ref> Nalika yuswanipun 16 taun lan dipunprabawai déning pakdhénipun, ingkang minangka [[profesor]] [[kadhokteran anak]] wonten ing [[Universitas Praha]], Cori milih sinau [[kadhokteran]]. Piyambakipun lulus kanthi gelar dhokter nalika taun [[1920]]. Nalika piyambakipun nempuh pendidikan ing [[Fakultas Kedhokteran]], piyambakipun kapanggih kaliyan [[Carl F. Cori]], kanca [[sekolah]]ipun. Kekalihipun sami-sami ngalami kathah kegiyatan njawi lan gadhah minat wonten ing panalitén [[laboratorium]]. Lajeng kekalihipun palakrama nalika tanggal [[5]] [[Agustus]] [[1920]], lan pikantuk kedudukan ing [[Universitas Wina]]. Lajeng milih ngrembakaken karier wonten ing babagan panalitén kadhokteran tinimbang praktik dhokter. Nalika taun [[1922]], kekalihipun sami [[émigrasi]] ing [[Amérika Sarékat]] saperlu gabung kaliyan staf ing [[Buffalo's New York Institute of Malignant Diseases]]. Piyambakipun dados asisten [[patologi]] lan piyambakipun dipuntunjuk minangka asisten [[biokimia]]. Kelalihipun dados warga nagara [[Amérika Sarékat]] nalika taun [[1928]] lan wonten ing taun [[1936]], kekalihipun sapun patutan tunggal, Carl Thomas. Sadangunipun wonten ing [[Buffalo]], kekalihipun sami konsèntrasi wonten ing "penyerapan" [[gula]] saking [[usus]] lan prabawa [[epinefrin]] [[insulin]] wonten ing [[karbohidrat]] ingkang dipunserap lan utawi pembentukan lan degradasi [[gliserin]].<ref name="internet 4">[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/cori.html]</ref> == Taun-taun pungkasan == Nalika mangsa panas [[1947]], piyambakipun wiwit ngraosaken tandha-tandha [[Myelofibrosis]], lelara penyempitan [[balung]] ingkang jarang kadadosan. Antawis 10 taun piyambakipun nerusaken karyanipun, ngalami mumet nanging boten purun mungkasi kegiyatan laboratoriumipun. Nalika [[26]] [[Oktober]] [[1957]], piyambakipun sééda akibat [[gagal ginjel]]. == Trivia == [[Penyiar]] misuwur, [[Edward R. Murrow]], memuji persembahan, ketulusan intelektual, keteguhan, lan profesionalismenipun saperlu balesan wonten ing biokimia. ==Cathetan suku== {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.fau.edu/library/bro79.htm Biografi Gerty Theresa Cori] {{clr}} {{Penghargaan Nobel ing Fisiologi utawi Kadhokteran}} {{clr}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cori, Gerty}} [[Kategori:Pemenang Bebungah Nobel ing babagan fisiologi utawa kadhokteran]] [[Kategori:Ahli biokimia Amérika Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Républik Ceko]] [[Kategori:Ilmuwan Yahudi]] [[Kategori:Lair 1896]] 602b3k6v7e3zwyzs5xiazkn1x33nu3i Ibnu Wahyudi 0 96338 1760039 1702998 2026-11-05T22:21:03Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760039 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Ibnuwahyudi.jpg|thumb|Ibnu Wahyudi]] '''Ibnu Wahyudi''' inggih punika alah satunggaling sastrawan [[Indonésia]] ingkang miyos wonten ing [[Ampel]], [[Boyolali]], [[Jawa Tengah]], tanggal [[24 Juni]] [[1958]]; kanthi yuswa sapunika 55 taun.<ref name="internet 1">[http://staff.ui.ac.id/profil/detail_dosen.php?id=131633764]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Biography Ibnu Wahyudi (dipunundhuh tanggal 24 Januari 2013)</ref> == Biografi == Ibnu Wahyudi ngrampungaken pendhidhikan S1 wonten ing babagan Sastra Indonesia Modern ingkang dipunlampahaken ing Fakultas Sastra ing Universitas Indonesia ing taun [[1984]]. Lajeng, ing antawisipun taun [[1991]]-[[1993]], Ibnu Wahyudi ndhèrèk kuliah ing ''Center for Comparative Literature and Culture Studies'', wonten ing [[Monash University]], [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]] lan pikantuk gelar MA. Piyambakipun lajeng nerasaken sekolah kanggé ngudi pendhidhikan dhoktor ing babagan Ilmu Susatra ing Program Pascasarjana [[UI]]. Lan ing dangunipun 3 taun saking taun [[1997]] dumugi taun [[2000]], piyambakipun dados dhosèn tamu ing Hankuk ''University of Foreign Studies'' [[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]]. Ibnu Wahyudi sapunika dados dhosèn ing almamateripun inggih punika ing Fakultas Ilmu Budaya (kala rumiyin dipunsebat Fakultas Sastra) [[Universitas Indonesia]].<ref name="internet 2">[http://sastra-indonesia.com/2011/10/sejarah-sastra-indonesia-menemukan-titik-mula/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105012811/http://sastra-indonesia.com/2011/10/sejarah-sastra-indonesia-menemukan-titik-mula/ |date=2012-01-05 }} Sajarah Sastra Indonesia: Menemukan Titik Mula (dipunundhuh tanggal 24 Januari 2013)</ref> Kajawi punika, piyambakipun ugi dados pengajar para tamu ing ''Jakarta International Korean School'' wiwit taun [[2001]], lajeng ugi mucal wonten ing ''Prasetiya Mulya Business School'' wiwit taun [[2005]], ugi dados dhosèn ing [[Universitas Multimedia Nusantara]] wiwit taun [[2009]], saha dados dhosèn ugi ing ''SIM'' [[University Singapura]]. == Asiling Karya == Kempalan puisinipun Ibnu Wahyudi ingkang sampun dipuncithak lan dipunwedalaken inggih punika wonten ''Masih Bersama Mangsa'' (dipunwedalaken déning penerbit Kutu Buku, ing taun [[2005]]), ''Haikuku'' (dipunwedalaken déning penerbit Artiseni, ing taun [[2009]]), saha ''Ketika Cinta'' (dipunwedalaken déning penerbit Buku Pop, ing taun 2009); déné kempalan prosa mininipun kanthi irah-irahan ''Nama yang Mendera'' (dipunwedalaken déning penerbit Citra Aji Parama, ing taun [[2010]]). Buku puisinipun ingkang kanthi irah-irahan ''Masih Bersama Mangsa'' mlebet ing 10 karya ingkang saé piyambak ing penghargaan ''Khatulistiwa Literary Award'' ing taun 2005. Lan buku-buku ingkang sampun naté dipunsusun saha dipunsunting déning Ibnu Wahyudi ing antawisipun inggih punika ''Lembar-lembar Sajak Lama'' (wonten ing kempalan sajak P. Sengodjo), ingkang dipunwedalaken déning [[Balai Pustaka]] (ing taun [[1982]]), ''Pahlawan dan Kucing'' (wonten ing kempalan carkak Suripman) ingkang dipunwedalaken déning Balai Pustaka (ing taun [[1984]]), ''Konstelasi Sastra'' (dipunwedalaken déning Hiski, ing taun [[1990]]), ''Erotisme dalam sastra'' (ing taun 1994), ''Menyoal Sastra Marginal'' (ing taun 2004), "''Toilet Lantai 13''" (dipunwedalaken déning penerbit Aksara 13, ing taun [[2008]]), "''Ode Kebangkitan''" (ing taun 2008), ''Membaca Sastra'' (ingkang dipunwedalaken déning penerbit Indonesia Tera, ing taun 2008]], ingkang dipunserat sesarengan kaliya Melani Budianta, Ida Sundari Husen, lan Manneke Budiman),<ref name="internet 3">[http://www.bukabuku.com/browse/bookdetail/54294/membaca-sastra.html] Membaca Sastra (dipunundhuh tanggal 24 JAnuari 2013)</ref> lan taksih kathah malih asiling karyanipun. == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Sastrawan Indonésia]] sfyb7oqgdrwol65mqcglh9jfggbijbl Hermes 0 96347 1760024 1643273 2026-11-05T21:45:43Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} {{Infobox déwa Yunani | name = Hermes | image = Hermes, copia romana di età adrianea, da originale greco della fine del IV secolo, dalla villa driana di tivoli, inv. 2211.JPG | imagesize = | caption = Patung Hermes. | God of = Mbeta pesen para déwa, déwa sesadean, lelampahan | Abode = [[Gunung Olimpus]] | Symbol = [[Kadukeus]], sandhal ingkang wonten swiwinipun, [[bulus]], [[lira (piranti musik)|lira]], pitik jagos, | Consort = [[Merope (Pleiades)|Merope]] | Parents = [[Zeus]] lan [[Maia]] | Siblings= | Children= [[Pan]], [[Hermafroditos]], [[Tikhe]], [[Abderos]], [[Autolikos]], [[Eunomia]], [[Rhodos]], lan [[Peitho]] | Mount = | Roman_equivalent = [[Merkurius (mitologi)|Merkurius]] }} '''Hermes''' ([[Basa Yunani]]: Ἑρμῆς) punika [[déwa]] ingkang mbeta pesen wonten ing [[mitologi Yunani]]. Hermes punika wiyos wonten ing [[Gunung Kellina]] ing [[Arkadia]]. Hermes putra saking [[Zeus]] lan [[Maia]] sarta kalebet salah satunggaling [[déwa Olimpus]]. Hermes punika ''pelindung'' laladan winatesan, para pangelana, gembala, sesorah, sastra lan [[geguritan|puisi]], ulah raga, pangukuran, patemon, lan sesadéan <ref>Norman O. Brown, ''Hermes the Thief: The Evolution of a Myth'', (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press), 1947.</ref><ref>[[Walter Burkert]], ''Greek Religion'' 1985 section III.2.8; [http://www.pantheon.org/articles/h/hermes.html "Hermes."] ''Encyclopedia Mythica'' from Encyclopedia Mythica Online.</ref>. Simbolipun kados ta [[bulus]], pitik jago, sandhal lan topi ingkang wonten swiwinipun, lan [[kadukeus]] (tongkat saking [[Apollo]] saking patemon Lira). Wonten ing [[mitologi Romawi]], Hermes punika minangka [[Merkurius]], ''déwa perdagangan'' ingkang dipunadaptasi saking [[mitologi Etruska]]. Kajawi manggihaken lira, Hermes ugi dipunpitadosi manggihaken manéka jinis ulah raga kados ta [[gulat]], [[balap]], lan [[tinju]] saéngga dipunwastani minangka ''déwa atletik''. Hermes punika dados palindung para ulah ragawan lan paring pambiyantu dhateng altet ingkang gerah. Para pelancong ugi pari sesembahan dhateng Hermes sadèrèngipun tindakan supados slamet anggènipun tindakan. Minangka déwa ingkang mbeta pesen, Hermes gadhah tugas ngirim pesen saking para déwa ing Olimpus dhateng para manungsa. Hermes ngginakaken [[sendhal|sandhal]] ingkang wonten swiwinipun nalika nglampahi tugasipun. Tugas mbeta pesen ugi dipunlampahi déning dewi [[Iris]]. Kajawi punika Hermes ugi gadhah tugas paring pambiyantu dhateng para roh supados manggihaken margi dhateng ''[[donya bawah]]''. Hermes punika salah satunggaling [[déwa]] ingkang saged mlebet lan medal ''donya bawah'' kanthi bébas. Déné déwa sanèsipun ingkang saged nglampahi pérangan kasebat inggih punika [[Hades]], [[Persefone]], [[Hekate]], lan [[Thanatos]]. Hermes punika déwa paling enèm nomer kalih ing antawisipun [[déwa Olimpus]] sasampunipun [[Dionisos]]. Hermes ugi wonten gayutan kaliyan [[Afrodit]] lan gadhah laré kanthi nama [[Hermafroditos]]. == Ètimologi == [[Gambar:AGMA Tête d'Hermès.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Patung sirah Hermes saking abad kaping 5 SM, nedahaken citra wiwitan Hermes minangka priyantun kakung ingkang sepuh.]] Nama Hermes punika asalipun saking [[Basa Yunani]], ''herma''. Déné ''Herma'' punika cagak persegi saking [[watu]] utawi [[perunggu]] ingkang wonten [[patung]] sirah ing pérangan nginggil lan patung ''piranti kelamin'' priyantun kakung ing pérangan ngandhapipun. Nalika masa kuna, cagak punika padatanipun mapan wonten ing laladan watesan supados dados kabegjan. Pérangan punika wonten gegayutanipun kaliyan peran Hermes ingkang wiwitanipun kalebet simbol ''piranti kelamin'' lan watesan sadèrèngipun dipunsembah minangka déwa ''perdagangan'' lan ''perjalanan'' <ref>[http://crystalinks.com/hermes2.html Crystalink: Hermes]</ref>. == Pamujan == [[Kuil Hermes]] wonten ing [[Yunani]] lan pusat pamujanipun wonten ing [[Feneros]], [[Arkadia]], papan kanggé festival [[Hermonea]] ingkang dipunwontenaken kanggé paring pakurmatan. Kathah lukisan témbok ingkang dipun''persembah''aken dhateng Hermes kapanggihaken wonten ing [[agora]] kutha [[Athena]]. Wonten ing gegayutanipun kaliyan agora (pasar), Hermes punika minangka déwa ''pelindung perdagangan'' <ref name=lang>{{cite book |author=Mabel Lang |authorlink=Mabel Lang |title=Graffiti in the Athenian Agora |url=http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/publications/upload/Graffiti%20in%20the%20Athenian%20AgoraLR.pdf |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |accessdate=2007-04-14 |edition=rev. |series=Excavations of the Athenian Agora |year=1988 |publisher=American School of Classical Studies at Athens |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=87661-633-3 |page=[http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/publications/upload/Graffiti%20in%20the%20Athenian%20AgoraLR.pdf#page=9 7] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051225192052/http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/publications/upload/Graffiti%20in%20the%20Athenian%20AgoraLR.pdf |archivedate=2005-12-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ajejuluk == [[Gambar:Hermes crioforo.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Patung ingkang nggambaraken Hermes ingkang mbeta [[wedhus|domba]] ''Krioforos''.]] Hermes punika gadhah kathah ajejuluk kados ta: * ''[[Krioforos]]'' (ingkang mbeta wedhus utawi domba), * ''Argeifontes'' (ingkang matèni Argus), * ''[[Agoraios]]'' (ingkang gadhah [[agora]]),<ref name=lang/> * ''Akakesios'' (saking [[Akakos]]), * ''Kharidotes'' (ingkang paring ''pesona''), * ''Killenios'' (wiyos wonten ing [[Gunung Killene]]), * ''Diaktoros'' (ingkang mbeta pesen), * ''Dolios'' (ingkang ngatur strategi utawi siasat), * ''Enagonios'' (panguasa perlombaan), * ''Enodios'' (ing lelampahan), * ''Epimelios'' (njagi ternak), * ''Eriounios'' (ingkang mbeta kabegjan), * ''Psikhopompos'' (pengantar roh), * ''Poligios''. == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * [http://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Hermes.html Theoi Project, Cerita Hermes dari sastra kuno] * [http://www.theoi.com/Cult/HermesCult.html Pemujaan dan patung Hermes] * [http://www.men-myths-minds.com/Hermes-greek-god.html Mitos-mitos Hermes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091219163120/http://www.men-myths-minds.com/Hermes-greek-god.html |date=2009-12-19 }} * [http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/mycen.html Ventrisand Chadwick: Gods found in Mycenaean Greece]: [[Kategori:Déwa-Dewi Yunani]] [[Kategori:Déwa Olimpus]] [[Kategori:Yunani]] 4b1jlcgx2sq0ipeb6zpoali96negyfd Materi peteng 0 96761 1760269 1719642 2026-11-06T10:54:43Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Materi peteng|ꦩꦠꦺꦫꦶꦥꦼꦠꦼꦁ}} {{Kosmologi}} '''Materi peteng''' ya iku [[materi]] kang ora bisa dideteksi nganggo [[radiasi]] kang dipancaraké utawa penyerapan radiasi saka materi iku dhéwé, nanging anané bisa dibuktikaké saka efek [[gravitasi]] materi-materi kang katon kaya ta [[bintang]] lan [[galaksi]]. Dikira-kira anané materi iki ning [[alam dunya]] kaya efek gravitasi kang sok nunjukaké manawa sebeneré ana materi liya kang luwih akèh manèh, sing bisa diemati langsung. Materi peteng sok bisa nggawe ketidakkonsistenan sakjeroné téyori [[dentuman dahsyat]]. Ana orané materi peteng iki bisa nentukaké [[takdir akir saka alam dunya]]. Kita ngerteni manawa saiki alam semesta kena pengembangan amarga cahya saka benda langit kang luwih menunjukaké anané [[pergeseran merah]]. Akehé materi biyasa kang katon ning alam semesta ora cukup kanggo nggawe gravitasi mandhekaké pengembangan, lan amarga iku. Pengembangan bakal dikelakon saterusé karo anané materi gelap. Lumrahé, gunggungé materi peteng kang cukup ning alam donya bisa menyebabaké pengembangan alam semesta mandek, malah bisa sawaliké (kang akiré nggawe ana [[Big Crunch]]). Ning kedadian kang ana, saiki akèh pamanggihan manawa obahan-obahan alam dunya didominasi déning komponèn liyané, [[ènergi gelap]]. == Pranala njaba == * [http://astron.berkeley.edu/~mwhite/darkmatter/hdm.html Hot dark matter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030216141130/http://astron.berkeley.edu/~mwhite/darkmatter/hdm.html |date=2003-02-16 }} * [http://xxx.lanl.gov/find/nucl-ex,astro-ph,nucl-th,math-ph,hep-ex,physics,cond-mat,hep-lat,quant-ph,gr-qc,hep-ph,hep-th/1/fr:+EXACT+dark_matter/0/1/0/all/0/1 recent papers on dark matter]{{Pranala mati|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://lpsc.in2p3.fr/tep/fred/dm.html Dark matter Portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050211145509/http://lpsc.in2p3.fr/tep/fred/dm.html |date=2005-02-11 }} * [http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cdm_found.html CDM Found?] * [http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2002-4 Timothy J. Sumner, "Experimental Searches for Dark Matter"] * [http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=3556105 The Economist: Young solar systems are like cosmic snooker games, and the universe is flat] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070223150117/http://www.wired.com/news/space/0,2697,66487,00.html Scientists Find Missing Matter (Wired.com Feb 3rd 2005) ] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_east/4288633.stm Astronomers find star-less galaxy (BBC News Feb 23rd 2005) ] [[Kategori:Kosmologi]] twip86c7mfq5f6ovup3qtdsq3nx5096 Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonésia 0 96986 1760181 1721268 2026-11-06T06:19:41Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:logo_KPAI.jpg|frame|right|300px|Logo KPAI]] {{Politics of Indonésia}} '''Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonésia''' utawi ingkang asring dipuncekak '''KPAI''' inggih punika salah satunggaling lembaga independen ing [[Indonésia]] ingkang kedhudhukanipun sak tingat kaliyan Komisi Nagara ingkang dipunbentuk dhedhasar amanat Dudutan Présidhèn Nomer 77 taun [[2003]] lan [[Undhang-undhang]] [[Republik Indonesia]] Nomor 23 taun [[2002]] ngèngingi perlindhungan Anak kanggé ningkataken efektifitas ngawontenaken perlindhungan dhateng lare.<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.kpai.go.id/tentang-kpai-mainmenu-26/12-tentang-kpai.html Tentang KPAI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621035029/http://www.kpai.go.id/tentang-kpai-mainmenu-26/12-tentang-kpai.html |date=2012-06-21 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 4 Pebruari 2013)</ref> Kaputusan Présidhèn Nomor 36/1990, 77/2003 lan 95/M/2004 inggih ingkang dados dhasar hukum kanggé mbentuk lembaga punika. Lembaga punika asipat independen, boten pareng kénging pangaribawa saking sinten kemawon lan saking pundi kemawon saha kanthi kepentingan punapa kemawon, kejawi satunggal visi, inggih punika "Kangge kepentingan ingkang saé piyambak kanggé lare- lare", kados ingkang dipunamanataken déning CRC (KHA) [[1989]]. Tugas KPAI inggih punika kanggé nindakaken sosialisasi sadaya ketentuan peraturan perundhang -undhangan ingkang gayut kaliyan perlindhungan kanggé lare, ngempalaken data lan informasi, nampi pengaduan saking masarakat, nindakaken kajian lan pemantauan, evaluasi saha ngawasi dhateng lampahing perlindhugan kanggé lare, paring laporan, panyaruwe, pamanggih saha pertimbangan dhateng Présidhèn. Anggota KPAI pusat kapérang dados 9 tiyang ingkang kapérang saking 1 tiyang dados ketua, 2 wakil ketua, 1 sekretaris, lan 5 anggota. Ketua KPAI ing wekdal punika inggih Masnah Sari, SH. == Fungsi lan Tugas == Wonten ing pasal 75 Undhang- undhang Perlindhungan Anak dipunserat bilih tugas ingkang baku saking KPAI wonten 2, inggih punika:<ref name="internet 2">[http://www.kpai.go.id/tentang-kpai-mainmenu-26/tugas-a-fungsi-mainmenu-29/14-fungsi-a-tugas-kpai.html Fungsi & Tugas KPAI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820123400/http://www.kpai.go.id/tentang-kpai-mainmenu-26/tugas-a-fungsi-mainmenu-29/14-fungsi-a-tugas-kpai.html |date=2012-08-20 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 4 Pebruari 2013)</ref> # Nindakaken sosialisasi sadaya ketentuan peraturan perundhang -undhangan ingkang wonten gegayutanipun kaliyan perlindhungan dhateng lare, ngempalake data lan informasi, nampi pengaduan sakiing masarakat, nindakaken telaah, pemantoan, evaluasi, saha ngawasi dhateng wontenipun pelanggaran dhateng perlindhungan kanggé lare; # Paring laporan, pamanggih, panyaruwe, lan pertimbangan dhateng [[présidhèn]] kanggé kupiya negakaken perrlindhungan dhateng lare Manawi ningali wosing pasal kasebat, mila tugas KPAI saged dipunandharaken langkung lebet kados makaten: # Nindakaken sosialisasi lan advokasi ngengingi peraturan perundhang - undhangan ingkang wonten gegayutanipun kaliyan perlindhungan dhateng lare; # Nampi pengaduan lan paring fasilitas pelayanan masarakat dhateng kasus- kasus pelanggaran hak anak dhateng pihak- pihak ingkang gadhah wewenang. # Nindakaken kajian peraturan perundhang- undhangan, kawicaksanan pamaréntah, lan kaanan ingkang njurung sanèsipun, saking punika ing babagan sosial, ékonomi, budaya lan agama. # Ngandharaken lan paring pamanggih, panyaruwe saha pertimbangan dhateng kathah pihak mliginipun Présidhèn, [[DPR]], instansi pamaréntah ingakng wonten gegayutanipun ing tingkat pusat lan laladan. # Ngempalaken data lan informasi ngengingi prakawis perlindhungan kanggé lare. # Nindakaken pemantoan, evaluasi, lan pelapuran ngengingi perlindhungan lare kalebet lapuran kanggé Komite Hak Anak PBB (''Committee on the Rights of the Child'') ing [[Geneva]], [[Switserlan]]. # Nindakaken pengawasan dhateng lampahing perlindhungan kanggé laré ing Indonésia. ==Galeri Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia== <gallery> </gallery> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Lembaga Nagara Independen Indonésia]] fq8qcqqpzgmgb6f4etxbyv6wck1olxe Ebisu (mitologi) 0 97070 1759923 1746585 2026-11-05T16:00:04Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759923 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Statue_of_Ebisu_the_God_of_Fishermen_(Kesen-numa,_2005-07-16).jpg|thumb|Patung Ebisu ing kutha [[Kesennuma, Miyagi|Kessennuma]], [[Prefektur Miyagi]] ]] {{nihongo|'''Ebisu'''|えびす, 戎, utawi 恵比須}} inggih punika salah satunggaling [[Kami]] wonten ing kapitadosan tiyang [[Jepang]]. Tegesing tembung "Ebisu" utawi "Emishi" punika tiyang ingkang dugi saking [[laut|sagara]], tiyang ingkang kesah tebih, utawi tiyang ingkang dugi saking papan ingkang tebih. Nama Ebisu punika kaserat mawi aksara [[kanji]] {{lang|ja|夷, 胡, 蛭子, 恵比須, utawi 恵美須}}. Wonten ing rakyat Jepang, Ebisu kondhang kanthi sebatan {{nihongo|'''Ebessan'''|えべっさん}}, ugi kawéntar minangka ''déwa keberuntungan'' kanggé para pedagang, pengusaha, lan warigaluh <ref name="ebisu1">[http://www.nshi.org/?p=530 Myogon Zan Hongaku-Ji Nichiren Shu Indonesia Buddhist Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922032203/http://www.nshi.org/?p=530 |date=2012-09-22 }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 6 Fèbruari 2013).</ref>. == Asal-usul == Wonten ing jaman sapunika, Ebisu dipunpitadosi minangka salah satunggali saking [[Pitung Déwa Kabegjan]] ''(Tujuh Déwa Keberuntungan)'' <ref name="ebisu2">[http://library.binus.ac.id/eColls/eThesis/Bab2/2008-2-00351-JP%20Bab%202.pdf Dewa-déwa Shinto, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 6 Februari 2013).]</ref>. Nanging sajatosipun, kapitadosan mau nembé dipunwiwiti saking pungkasan [[jaman Heian]]. Asal-usul Ebisu punika ewet sanget, paling boten wonten tigang andharan babagan indentitas lan asal usulipun Ebisu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ffortune.net/spirit/zinzya/kami/ |title=Yaoyorozu no Kamigami |accessdaymonth=9 January |accessyear=2008 |last= |first= |date= |work= |publisher=ffortune.net |access-date=2013-02-06 |archive-date=2022-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220090345/http://www.ffortune.net/spirit/zinzya/kami/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ebisu punika lare [[Izanami]] lan [[Izanagi]] ingkang anama {{nihongo|'''[[Hiruko|Hiruko no mikoto]]'''|蛭子命}}. Piyambakipun wiyos kanthi suku kalih ingkang cacat saéngga sisah anggènipun mlampah. Hiruko minggah ing prahu lajeng dipunkenteraken dhateng sagara déning tiyang sepuhipun. Arus sagara lajeng mbeta prahu dumugi ing [[Nishinomiya, Hyogo|Nishinomiya]]. Bibas sampun diwasa, Hiruko dados déwa kabegjan kanggé para warigaluh lan pedagang. Sapunika dipunmulyakaken minangka Ebisu ing [[Kuil Nishinomiya]], [[Prefektur Hyogo]]. * Ebisu punika [[Sukunahikona]] kanthi awak ingkang alit, kirang langkung namung sedriji. Sareng kaliyan [[Ōkuninushi]] (Daikoku-san), Sukunahikona ngubengi Jepang kanggé mbikak lahan lan pamukiman énggal. Kajawi punika, piyambakipun pinter manggihaken sumber toya panas kanggé dipundamel [[padusan toya panas]] ''(pemandian air panas)''. Wonten ing kuil-kuil Ebisu, Sukunahikona lan Ōkuninushi tansah dipunmulyakaken kanthi jejeran. * Ebisu punika laré saking Ōkuninushi ingkang gadhah nama {{nihongo|'''Kotoshironushi'''|事代主神|Kotoshironushikami}}. Piyambakipun gadhah tugas minangka juru wicara para [[Kami]]. == Perayaan Ebisu == Kuil-kuil Ebisu ing wewengkon Jepang ngawontenaken karaméan taunan saben tanggal [[10 Januari]] ingkang dipunwastani {{nihongo|Tōka Ebisu|十日戎||Ebisu tanggal 10}}. Perayaan mau kalampahan 3 dinten, kawiwitan kaliyan {{nihongo|Yoi Ebisu|宵戎||malam Ebisu}} nalika tanggal [[9 Januari]] lajeng kapungkasan nalika tanggal [[11 Januari]] ingkang dipunwastani {{nihongo|Nokori Fuku|残り福||kabegjan ingkang taksih wonten}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geocities.jp/kotekoteland/ebessan/ |title=Ebessan nyūmon |accessdaymonth=9 January |accessyear=2008 |last= |first= |date= |work= |publisher=Kotekoteland}}</ref>. Kuil-kuil Ebisu nyade barang-barang minangka lambang kabegjan kados ta [[Kazari Kumade]] lan [[Fukuzasa]] supados dipunpundhut déning tiyang ingkang gadhah kekajengan tansah begja ing bisnisipun. Déné, Kazari Kumade lan Fukuzasa ingkang sampun dipunpajang nalika setaun ing griya utawi papan usaha kedah dipunbeta dhateng kuil Ebisu supados dipunkonduraken. === Kuil Ebisu ingkang utami === ==== Kelompok Hiruko no mikoto ==== * [[Kuil Nishinomiya]], [[Nishinomiya, Hyogo|Nishinomiya]], [[Prefektur Hyogo]] * [[Kuil Iwatsuta]], [[Sakai, Osaka|Sakai]], [[Prefektur Osaka]] ==== Kelompok Kotoshironushi ==== * [[Kuil Miho]], [[Matsue, Shimane|Matsue]], [[Prefektur Shimane]] * [[Kuil Sugawara]], Sakai, Prefektur Osaka * [[Kuil Imamiya Ebisu]], [[Osaka]] * [[Kuil Ishizu]], Sakai, Prefektur Osaka * [[Kuil Iwatsuta]], Sakai, Prefektur Osaka * [[Kuil Ōsaki Ebisu]], [[Mooka, Tochigi|Mooka]], [[Prefektur Tochigi]] == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * {{ja}} [http://www.imamiya-ebisu.net/ Kuil Imamiya Ebisu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117151238/http://www.imamiya-ebisu.net/ |date=2013-01-17 }} [[Kategori:Mitologi Jepang]] 6dygcnlo7hkrd71jdh5z4n1zdqp4era Issun Bōshi 0 97116 1760052 1656514 2026-11-05T23:10:34Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760052 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Tale of Issun Bōshi from Otogi-zōshi.jpg|thumb|Ilustrasi carita Issun Bōshi wonten ing ''Otogizōshi'']] {{nihongo|'''Issun Bōshi'''|一寸法師||Biksu Tigang Sentimeter}} inggih punika [[carita rakyat Jepang]] ingkang nyariosaken satunggaling pendékar kanthi ukuran awak tigang [[cm|sentimeter]]. Gamanipun wujud [[katana]] saking satunggal batang [[jarum]], déné prahunipun punika [[mangkok]] saking kayu ingkang dipundayung ngginakaken [[sumpit]]. Cariyos ''Issun Bōshi'' ingkang umum dipunmangertosi déning tiyang asalipun saking buku carita mawi gambar ''[[Otogizōshi]]''. Taun panyeratan cariyos Issun Bōshi boten dipunmangertosi, nanging kinten-kinten saking paruh kaping kalih [[jaman Muromachi]]. Adhedhasar ukuran fisik Issun Bōshi ingkang alit sanget, cariyos [[mitologi Jepang]] babagan [[Sukunahikona]] dipunprakirakaken dados sumber cariyos punika. == Lelampahing cariyos == Miturut cariyos Issun Bōshi ingkang umum, wonten pasangan suami istri ingkang boten gadhah laré nyuwun marang [[Sumiyoshi no Kami]] supados dipunparingi laré. Panyuwunan pasangan garwa mau kabul lajeng wiyos laré ingkang dhuwuripun awak namung 1 ''sun'' (ukuran dawa ingkang sami kaliyan 3&nbsp;cm). Laré mau boten saged tuwuh ageng saéngga dipunparingi nama Issun Bōshi ingkang ateges "biksu satu ''sun'' <ref name="issun boshi1">[http://www.nyatanyatafakta.info/2012/11/kumpulan-carita-rakyat-jepang-yang.html Kumpulan carita rakyat Jepang]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 7 Fèbruari 2013).</ref>. Wonten ing satunggaling dinten, Issun Bōshi gadhah kekajengan dados [[samurai]]. Piyambakipun kesah dhateng Kyoto mbeta pedang ingkang wujud [[dom]] nglayar ngginakaken prahu saking mangkok kayu lan diundayung ngginakaken sumpit. Ing Kyoto , piyambakipun ketampui nyambut damel wonten ing satunggaling kulawarga ingkang mapan ing griya ingkang ageng lan mewah. Nalika putri saking kulawarga mau badhé tindak dhateng kuil, wonten [[Oni (mitologi)|Oni]] ingkang badhé nyulik putri mau. Issun Bōshi tarung kaliyan Oni supados njagi putri lajeng Oni ngulu awak Issun Bōshi. Pérangan njero weteng Oni dipunsuduk-suduk déning Issun Bōshi. Oni ingkan rumaos gerah nyuwun supados Issun Bōshi mandeg. Oni nyerah lajeng muntahaken Issun Bōshi <ref name="issun boshi2">[http://www.beritaunik.net/unik-aneh/kumpulan-carita-rakyat-jepang-yang-terkenal.html Kumpulan carita rakyat Jepang yang terkenal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122125048/http://www.beritaunik.net/unik-aneh/kumpulan-carita-rakyat-jepang-yang-terkenal.html |date=2025-01-22 }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 7 Fèbruari 2013).</ref>. Oni lumayu dhateng gunung bibar nilaraken salunggaling ''palu ajaib''. Pukul (palu) mau dipunwastani ''Uchide no Kozuchi'' ingkang saged ngabulaken panyuwunan utawi medalaken [[duit|arta]] manawi ''diayunkan''. Issun Bōshi ngginakaken pukul mau kanggé ngéwahi awakipun dados ukuran tiyang jaler ingkang diwasa. Issun Bōshi kagarwa sang putri dlajeng gesang kanthi bagya mulya selawasipun. Tiyang kalih mau pikantuk [[panganan|dedhaharan]] ingkang écho lan arta ingkang kathah kanthi ngginakaken pukul ajaib mau <ref name="issun boshi1" /><ref name="issun boshi2" />. Cariyos asli ''Issun Bōshi'' wonten ''[[Otogizōshi]]'' dipuncariyosaken sakedhik béda: * Pasangan suami istri sepuh ingkang rumaos ajrih sasampunipun awak Issun Bōshi boten tuwuh, lan Issun Bōshi nilaraken dalemipun tiyang sepuh mau. * Ing Kyoto, Issun Bōshi mapan wonten ing dalemipun pejabat ''saishō'' ([[kanselir]]) * Issun Bōshi tresna kaliyan wanita saking kulawarga anggènipun nyambut damel. Piyambakipun péngin ndadosaken garwa annaging amargi awakipun ingkang alit. Lajeng Issun Bōshi nyusun satunggaling rencana Beras persembahan dipunpendhet saking altar lajeng dipuntempel ing tutukipun sang putri. Bibar punika, piyambakipun éthok-éthok nangis. Sinambi mbeta kanthong beras lajeng matur kaliyan majikan (bapakipun sang putri) bilih berasipun dipuncolong déning sang putri. Bapakipun dukha sanget lan badhé matèni sang putri. Issun Bōshi nyegah lajeng mbeta putri supados kesah saking griya. * Prahu Issun Bōshi kaliyan sang putri kabeta angin saéngga dugi ing pulo ingkang wonten Oni. Issun Bōshi diulu déning Oni, nanging boten mati amargi awakipun ingkang alit. Piyambakipun saged medal lan mlebet saking mata Oni saéengga Oni dados ajrih. Palu ajaib ingkang dipunbeta Oni dipuntilaraken lajeng Oni lumayu. * Pawartos babagan Issun Bōshi nyebar kanthi wiyar. Piyambakipun dipuntimbali dhateng [[astana]] lajeng kaisar ngangkat Issun Bōshi dados pejabat. == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * {{ja}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080219083842/http://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kotenseki/html/he12/he12_02939_0015/index.html Buku carita ''Issun Bōshi'' hasil pemindaian] (Perpustakaan Universitas Waseda) * {{ja}} [http://contest.thinkquest.jp/tqj2001/40555/ Penelitian tentang Issun Bōshi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525014133/http://contest.thinkquest.jp/tqj2001/40555/ |date=2013-05-25 }} * {{ja}} [http://hukumusume.com/douwa/pc/jap/12/01.htm Cerita Issun Bōshi] [[Kategori:Folklor Jepang]] 780nysskmrab9ghtbf872eea4y3qvft Hatsumōde 0 97651 1760018 1730401 2026-11-05T21:33:22Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Meiji Shrine Sando and Torii New Year Worship.jpg|thumb|Antrian hatsumōde ing [[Kuil Meiji]]]] {{nihongo|'''Hatsumōde'''|初詣}} inggih punika sowan kapisan ing [[kuil Buda]] utawi [[kuil Shinto]] nalika wiwitan taun énggal wonten ing [[Jepang]] <ref name="hatsumode1">[http://sosbud.kompasiana.com/2011/01/02/hari-pertama-hatsumode-dan-fukubukuro-329644.html Hari Pertama: “Hatsumode” dan “Fukubukuro”]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 12 Fèbruari 2013)</ref><ref name="hatsumode2">[http://library.binus.ac.id/eColls/eThesis/Bab1/2011-2-00327-JPBab%201.pdf Hatsumode], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 12 Fèbruari 2013)</ref>. Sowan punika dipunlampahi kanthi ancas ndedonga nyuwun supados wonten ing taun énggal punika gesangipun tansah tentrem. Hatsumodeugi dipunsebat {{nihongo|'''hatsumairi'''|初参り}}. Wonten ing jaman samangké, hatsumōde wiwit dipunlampahi tiyang bibar gantosing taun. Nalika badhé gantosan taun, kathah tiyang ingkang sampun antri ing ngajeng kuil nalika wiwit wonten santun [[genta]] taun énggal (''joya no kane''). == Sajarah == [[Gambar:初詣P1010519.jpg|thumb|Hatsumōde ing [[Kuil Sumiyoshi]], Kobe]] Tradisi hatsumōde asalipun saking {{nihongo|''toshigomori'' utawi ''toshikomori''|年蘢り}} inggih punika tradisi nyepi wonten ing kuil ''[[ujigami]]''. Toshigomori dipunlampahi kepala kulawarga ingkang boten saré kanggé ndedonga ing ngajengipun ''ujigami''. Tradisi nyepi punika sampun kelampahan wiwit saking ''[[ōmisoka]]'' dumugi énjingipun (dinten[[taun énggal]]). Ing dinten salajengipun, toshigomori dipunpérang dados kalih pérangan inggih punika {{nihongo|''joyamōde''|除夜詣}} ingkang dipunlampahi nalika wengi taun éenggal, lan {{nihongo|''ganjitsumōde''|元日詣}} ingkang dipunlampahi nalika dinten kapisan ing taun énggal. Hatsumōde ingkang dipuntepangi sapunika asalipun saking tradisi ''ganjitsumōde''. Ugi wonten ing jaman sapunika, tiyang ing sapérangan tlatah ing Jepang taksih ngawontenaken ''sanpai'' sowan dhateng kuil ujigami nalika dalu taun énggal, kondur ing dalem, lan bibar gantos taun kondur sowan malih dhateng kuil <ref name="hatsumode3">[http://file.upi.edu/Direktori/FPIPS/LAINNYA/NENENG_SUTJIATI/FESTIVAL_DI_JEPANG.pdf Festival di Jepang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215091744/http://file.upi.edu/Direktori/FPIPS/LAINNYA/NENENG_SUTJIATI/FESTIVAL_DI_JEPANG.pdf |date=2017-12-15 }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 12 Fèbruari 2013)</ref>. Tradisi kados makaten dipunwastani {{nihongo|''ninenmairi''|二年参り|sowan kalih taun}}. Hatsumōde minangka tradisi Jepang ingkang asalipun saking [[jaman Meiji]]. Salah satunggaling asal usul hatsumōde punika ''[[ehōmōde]]'' inggih punika sowan dhateng kuil ingkang mapan wonten ing ''mata angin'' kabegjan. [[Toshitokujin]] (salah satunggal ''[[Kami]]'' mata angin) mapan wonten ing mata angin kabegjan (ehō),lan wonten ing mriku boten mapan ''tatarigami'' (ingkang mbeta petaka). Saben taunipun, padeleng angin kabegjan dipuntemtokaken dhedhasar [[shio]] (''eto'') kanggé taun punika. Sanajan makaten, tiyang jaman sapunika sampun boten asring sowan ing kuil kuil ''ujigami'' utawi kuil dhedhasar mara angin kabegjan, nanging malah dhateng kuil-kuil ingkang sampun kondhang. Tradisi ehōmairi (sowan ing kuil mata angin kabegjan) lajeng dumugi ing jaman Meiji. Nanging manéka perusahaan [[sepur]] ing kawasan [[Keihanshin]] ingkang rutenipun ngliwati kuil-kuil kawéntar sami damel promosi arah mata angin kabegjan ingkang bènten-bènten. Saben perusahaan sepur gadhah kekajengan supados tiyang kersa nitih sepur saking perusahaan mau. Saéngga kathah tiyang ingkang sowan dhateng kuil ingkang boten wonten gegayutanipun kaliyan mata angin kabegjan. Lajeng wonten tradisi énggal anama ''hatsumōde'' ingkang wiyar wiwit jaman Meiji. Prinsipipun, tradisi ''toshigomori'' boten malih dipunlampahi lan tiyang namung nglampahi ''ganjitsumōde'' (sowan taun énggal) dhateng kuil Buda utawi Shinto. Nalika hatsumōde dhateng kuil Buda utawi Shinto, kathah tiyang ingkang mundhut ''omamori'' ([[jimat]]), [[hamaya]], ''kazaguruma'' (dolanan kincir angin), ''kumade'' (sapu pring). Ing satunggal keping [[ema (Shinto)|ema]], tiyang nyerat menapa kekajenganipun. Tiyang-tiyang ugi mundhut [[omikuji]] supados nyuwun nasib ingkang saé, lan ugi ngramal kabegjan ing taun énggal. == Kuil-kuil ingkang ramé == * [[Kuil Meiji]] ([[Shibuya]], [[Tokyo]]) * [[Narita-san]] ([[Narita, Chiba|Narita]], [[Prefektur Chiba]]) * [[Heiken-ji|Kawasaki Daishi]] ([[Kawasaki, Kanagawa]], [[Prefektur Kanagawa]]) * [[Fushimi Inari Taisha]] ([[Kyoto]]) * [[Kuil Atsuta]] ([[Nagoya]]) * [[Sumiyoshi Taisha]] ([[Osaka]]) * [[Dazaifu Tenman-gū]] ([[Daizaifu]], [[Prefektur Fukuoka]]) * [[Kuil Hikawa (Saitama)|Kuil Hikawa]] ([[Saitama]]) * [[Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū]] ([[Kamakura]], Prefektur Kanagawa) * [[Sensō-ji]] ([[Daitō, Tokyo|Daitō]], [[Tokyo]]) == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Ugi pirsani == * [[Hatsu miyamairi]] [[Kategori:Shinto]] [[Kategori:Taun énggal Jepang]] omsxbgamo7kv3fz6nhdzdcgaxertk9u Kadomatsu 0 97754 1760121 1730212 2026-11-06T03:29:55Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760121 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Pair gate with pine branches for the New Year,kadomatsu,katori-city,japan.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Kadomatsu]] {{nihongo|'''Kadomatsu'''|門松}} inggih punika rerenggan (rerenggan) Taun énggal ing [[Jepang]] wujud pang godhong [[pinus]] lan tugelan [[pring]] ing ngajengipun lawang kanggé mlebet griya utawi gedhong. Kadomatsu dipunpajang kanthi pasangan, kadomatsu kakung ing sisih kiwa lan kadomatsu èstri ing sisih tengen. Kala rumiyin tiyang Jepang pitados bilih [[Kami]] mapan wonten ing nginggilipun wit. Nalika taun énggal, dipunpitadosi bilih arwah para leluhur kondur marang griyanipun awujud Toshigami (déwa taun),saéngga duginipun dipunsambut mawi kadomatsu ingkang dados papan nyipeng déwa nalika taun énggal <ref name="kadomatsu1">[http://file.upi.edu/Direktori/FPIPS/LAINNYA/NENENG_SUTJIATI/FESTIVAL_DI_JEPANG.pdf Festival di Jepang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215091744/http://file.upi.edu/Direktori/FPIPS/LAINNYA/NENENG_SUTJIATI/FESTIVAL_DI_JEPANG.pdf |date=2017-12-15 }}, (dipun''alses'' tanggal 13 Fèbruari 2013)</ref>.{{ref|chishiki}} == Asal-usul == [[Gambar:Kadomatsu M1181.jpg|thumb|250 px|Kadomatsu]] Ing jaman rumiyin, tiyang [[Tiongkok]] gadhah tradisi mapanakaen pang ron pinus ing ngajengipun lawan mlebet kanggé déwa ingkang njagi lawang. Tradisi punika dipuntepangaken dhateng [[Jepang]] nalika [[jaman Heian]]. Ron wit pinus warninipun sarwa ijo nalika mangsa adhem saéngga dipunpitadosi minangka lambang kabegjan. Rerenggan ron wit pinus lajeng dipuntambah iketan [[damen]] (jerami) lan guntingan kertas lajeng mekar malih dados kadomatsu kados sapunika ing [[jaman Muromachi]]. == Wujud == Hiasan kadomatsu kapérang dados kalih jinis dhedhasar caranipun nugel pring : ''Sogi'' (pucuking pring dipuntugel mawi [[diagonal]]), lan ''Zundō'' (ucukipun pring dipuntugel mawi horisontal). Ing sangajenging pring mau dipunwparingi pang pinus kanthi isi ron ingkang enèm <ref name="kadomatsu2">[http://www.suryamandiri.com/kadomatsu.html Kadomatsu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318192722/http://www.suryamandiri.com/kadomatsu.html |date=2013-03-18 }}, (dipun''alses'' tanggal 13 Fèbruari 2013)</ref>. Bibar punika, pérangan ngajeng kadomatsu dipunhias kaliyan taneman [[Brassica oleracea|kubis]] hias (Habotan) kanthi warna [[abang|abrit]] lan [[putih]]. Hiasan kadomatsu ugi asring dipunjangkepi kaliyan pang lan ron manéka tuwuhan kados ta [[aprikot jepang]], [[Nandina domestica|nanten]], [[Sasa veitchii|kumazasa]], lan [[Daphniphyllum macropodum Miquel|yuzuriha]]. Kadomatsu kapisan mawi pring ingkang pucukipun dipuntugel kanthi diagonal dipundamel déning [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]]. Ing dalu taun énggal, kulawarga Matsudaira ingkang kalah nalika [[Pertempuran Mikatagahara]] (1572) nampi [[geguritan]] kanthi nada ngenyek saking [[Takeda Shingen]]. Ieyasu lajeng dukha lan nugel pring rerenggan kadomatsu saéngga kantun tugelan diagonal ing pring mau. Awi saking punika pring kadomatsu ing kulawarga Matsudaira dipuntugel diagonal minangka lambang ambisi nugel gulunipun Shingen.{{ref|ieyasu}} Kebiasaan punika dados wiyar ing Jepang bibar dados tradisi ing laladan [[Kanto]] nalika masa [[Keshogunan Edo]]. Ing jaman sapunika, kadomatsu saged dipunpundhut ing toko kembang, toko taneman, lan toko piranti rumah tangga. Reginipun kadomatsu asring sampun kalebet regi jasa ngeteraken barang mau. Kadomatsu ingkang sampun bibar dipunpajang padatanipun dipunguwang saéngga wonten panyaruwe bilih punika dados sumber sampah. Poster mawi gambar kadomatsu sapunika asring dipun-ginakaken minangka gantosipun kadomatsu. == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Rujukan == # {{note|chishiki}} {{cite web|title=Kiso chishiki shitsumon-shū|work=Shinto online network association|url=http://www.jinja.or.jp/faq/answer/01-01.html|access-date=2013-02-12|archive-date=2007-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107222744/http://www.jinja.or.jp/faq/answer/01-01.html|url-status=dead}} # {{note|ieyasu}} {{cite web|title=Kadomatsu meijin|work=Nagano Prefecture|url=http://www.pref.nagano.jp/xtihou/kamiina/nouseika/pro/11_pine_branches_TO.htm|access-date=2013-02-12|archive-date=2006-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211002121/http://www.pref.nagano.jp/xtihou/kamiina/nouseika/pro/11_pine_branches_TO.htm|url-status=dead}} # {{note|matsunouchi}} {{cite web|title=Oshōgatsu|work=Tsujicho Oishii-net|url=http://www.tsujicho.com/oishii/recipe/j_food/shiki/osyogatsu.html}} == Ugi pirsani == * [[Shimekazari]] == Pranala njawi == {{Commons category|Kadomatsu}} * {{ja}} [http://chimeian.hp.infoseek.co.jp/zouni/simenawa.htm Foto hiasan tahun baru di Jepang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311061244/http://chimeian.hp.infoseek.co.jp/zouni/simenawa.htm |date=2007-03-11 }} * {{ja}} [http://www.geocities.jp/sakamotojpjp/matu/kadomatu.htm Cara membuat kadomatsu] [[Kategori:Budaya Jepang]] [[Kategori:Taun énggal Jepang]] sn6k9wmvfmqmb4zw00tkio0508bmq7p Krakatau Steel 0 97781 1760194 1748372 2026-11-06T06:49:47Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760194 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Krakatau steel.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Logo PT Krakatau Steel]] '''PT Krakatau Steel''' ya iku perusahaan [[baja]] gedhé dhéwé ing [[Indonésia]]. [[BUMN]] kang pernahé ing [[Kota Cilegon|Cilegon]], [[Banten]] iki ngadeg nalika tanggal [[31 Agustus]] [[1970]]. Produk kang dikasilaké ya iku [[baja lembaran panas]], [[baja lembaran dingin]], lan [[baja batang kawat]]. Hasil produk iki ing lumrahé wujud bahan baku kanggo indhustri seterusé.<ref name="test">[http://www.bumn.go.id/krakatausteel/ krakatausteel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219170920/http://www.bumn.go.id/krakatausteel/ |date=2016-12-19 }}, (Kaunduh 14/2/13).</ref> == Sajarah Singkat == Ing salah sijiné jaman ya iku [[1960]], Présidhèn [[Soekarno]] ngrencanakaké Proyek Besi Baja Trikora kanggo mapanaké dhasar indhustri nasional kang tangguh. Sepuluh taun sebanjuré tepaté [[31 Agustus]] [[1970]], ngadeg PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) kang manfaataké manèh peralatan-peralatan saka proyek iku kang béntuké pabrik kawat baja, pabrik baja tulangan lan pabrik baja profil. ana 1977, Présidhèn Suharto ngresmikaké wiwit operasiné produsen baja gedhé dhéwé ing Indonésia iku. Perkembangan Krakatau Steel minangka perusahaan kang bergerak ing babagan [[indhustri]] [[baja]] kalangsung cukup maju. Sajeroning kurun wektu kurang saka sepuluh taun, Perseroan wis nambah pira-pira fasilitas produksi kayat [[Pabrik Besi Spons]], [[Pabrik Billet Baja]], [[Pabrik Batang Kawat]], sarta fasilitas infrastruktur wujud pusat [[pembangkit listrik]], [[Pusat Penjernihan Air]], pelabuhan mirunggan Cigading lan sistem [[telekomunikasi]]. Kanti perkembangan iki, PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) dadi siji-siijiné perusahaan baja kang terpadu ing Indonésia. Ora mandeg ing kono waé Perseroan terus ngembangaké produksi pira-pira jinis baja kanggo warna-warna kaperluan, kaya ta baja lembaran panas, baja lembaran dingin lan batang kawat. Saiki Krakatau Steel duwé kapasitas produksi [[baja]] kasar ya iku 2,45 yuta ton per taun kanggo njurung produksi baja mau. Lan kanti sepuluh anak perusahaan Krakatau Steel sanggup ''mendiversifiasi'' usahane ing usaha-usaha penunjang kang ngasiilake pira-pira produk baja kanti aji tambah dhuwur (kaya ta pipa spiral, pipa ERW, baja tulangan, baja profil), nyediakaké indhustri utilitas (banyu resik, tenaga [[listrik]]), indhustri infrastruktur ([[pelabuhan]], [[kawasan indhustri]]), indhustri jasa teknik ([[konstruksi]], rekayasa), tèknologi informasi, sarta nyediakaké layanan keséhatan ([[rumah sakit]]). Produk-produk baja Krakatau Steel iki ora mung ditujokaké kanggo menuhi kebutuhan baja [[nasional]], ananaging uga dipasaraké kanthi [[internasional]]. Kemampuan teknis Krakatau Steel kang dhuwur wis diakui miturut standar internasional awit biyèn. Bahkan nalika1973 Perseroan wis memperoleh [[Sertifikat]] ASTM A252 dan AWWA C200, sarta ing [[1977]] éntuk Sertifiat API 5L kanggo gawé pipa spiral. [[Sertifikat ISO]] 9001 diéntuki PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) nalika [[1993]] lan wis ditingkataké dadi ISO 9001:2000 nalika 2003. Sawentara iku, SGS internasional ménéhi Sertifiat ISO 14001 nalika 1997 atas komitmen Perseroan ing kesadaran lingkungan lan keselamatan kerja. Nalika [[10 November]] 2010, ing tengah kondisi pasar kang isih bergejolak, PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) kasil dadi perusahaan terbuka kanti nindakaké penawaran umum perdana (IPO) lan nyathet sahamé ing [[Bursa Efek Indonésia]]. Nalika taun 2011, PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk. mbukukaké pendapatan resik ya iku Rp17,9 triliun lan bathi resik Rp 1,02 triliun. Nalika taun 2011, Perseroan lan anak perusahaan kanti aset senilai Rp21,5 triliun duwé 8.023 karyawan. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.krakatausteel.com/?page=content&cid=8 |title=Sajarah Singkat Krakatau Steel |publisher=Krakatausteel.com |date=}}(Kaunduh 14/2/13)</ref> == Anak perusahaan == * PT KHI Pipe Industry * PT Krakatau Wajatama * PT Krakatau Engineering * PT Krakatau Bandar Samodra * PT Krakatau Information Technology * PT Krakatau Industrial Estate Cilegon * PT Krakatau Daya Listrik * PT Krakatau Tirta Industri * PT Krakatau Medika * PT Meratus Jaya Iron & Steel * PT Krakatau Posco == Cathetan sikil == <references/> == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.krakatausteel.com/ Situs web resmi PT. Krakatau Steel] * [http://www.cigadingport.com/ Situs web resmi PT. Krakatau Bandar Samodra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114134603/http://cigadingport.com/ |date=2012-11-14 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130216063304/http://www.krakataueng.co.id/v3/ Situs web resmi PT. Krakatau Engineering] * [http://www.krakatauwajatama.co.id/ Situs web resmi PT. Krakatau Wajatama ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207072616/http://www.krakatauwajatama.co.id/ |date=2009-12-07 }} * [http://www.khi.co.id/ Situs web resmi KHI Pipe Industries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225200220/http://www.khi.co.id/ |date=2013-02-25 }} * [http://www.krakatautirta.co.id/ Situs web resmi PT. Krakatau Tirta Industri] * [http://www.rskmd.com/ Situs web resmi PT. Krakatau Medika (RSKM)]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.kdl.co.id/ Situs web resmi PT. Krakatau Daya Listrik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622042754/http://www.kdl.co.id/ |date=2013-06-22 }} * [http://www.kiec.co.id/index.html Situs web resmi PT. Krakatau Industrial Estate Cilegon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702025234/http://www.kiec.co.id/index.html |date=2011-07-02 }} * [http://www.krakatau-it.co.id/ Situs web resmi PT. Krakatau Information Technology] * [http://www.krakatauposco.co.id/ Situs web resmi PT. Krakatau Posco] {{BUMN}} [[Kategori:BUMN]] 6rahtaphoebr1b6yvq27sawgzq6y2tc Edi Sudradjat 0 97791 1759924 1735041 2026-11-05T16:01:34Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759924 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Edi Sudradjat.jpg|thumb|Edi Sudradjat]] {{Infobox Officeholder |honorific-prefix = |name = {{PAGENAME}} |image = edi sudrajat.jpg |imagesize = |caption = |office = Mantri Pertahanan Républik Indonésia|Mantri Pertahanan Indonésia |order = 19 |term_start = [[17 Maret]] [[1993]] |term_end = [[14 Maret]] [[1998]] |president = [[Soeharto]] |predecessor = [[Leonardus Benyamin Moerdani]] |successor = [[Wiranto]] |birth_date = {{birth date|1938|4|22}} |birth_place = {{Flagicon|Nèderlan}} [[Jambi]], [[Hindia Nèderlan]] |death_date = {{death date and age|2006|12|1|1938|4|22}} |death_place = {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Jakarta]], [[Indonésia]] |party = |spouse = |children = |residence = |alma_mater = |occupation = |religion = }} Jenderal ([[Purnawirawan|Purn.]]) '''Edi Sudradjat''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jambi]]|22|4|1938|[[Jakarta]]|1|12|2006}})<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tokohindonesia.com/biografi/article/285-ensiklopedi/1110-mantan-panglima-abri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-02-14 |archive-date=2013-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022093536/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/biografi/article/285-ensiklopedi/1110-mantan-panglima-abri |url-status=dead }}</ref> inggih punika salah satunggaling tokoh [[militèr]] [[Indonésia]]. Piyambakipun minangka namung satunggaling tiyang ingkang naté njabat minangka [[Kepala Staf Angkatan Dharat]] (TNI-AD / KSAD), [[Panglima ABRI]] lan [[Mantri Pertahanan dan Keamanan]] [[Indonésia]] wonten ing wekdal ingkang sesarengan.<ref>http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/e/edi-sudrajat/index.shtml {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205084842/http://tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/e/edi-sudrajat/index.shtml |date=2010-02-05 }} Profil di TokohIndonésia.com</ref> == Karier ing militèr == Lulusan [[Akademi Militer Nasional]] angkatan ingkang angka 1 ([[1960]]) ing pundi piyambakipun ugi kapilih minangka lulusan ingkang saé piyambak wonten ing angkatan mau, piyambakipun lajeng dipuntugasaken minangka Komandan Peleton wonten ing Batalyon Infanteri 515/Tanggul, Jember dangunipun antawis 2 taun ([[1961]]-[[1962]]) lajeng ugi partisipasi wonten ing salebeting [[Operasi Trikora]]. SAsampunipun punika, wonten ing taun [[1960-]]an, Edi Sudradjat dipuntugasaken ing operasi nglawan pihak [[Républik Maluku Selatan]], [[Organisasi Papua Merdeka]], sarta [[Gerakan 30 September]] (PKI). Wonten ing taun [[1980]] piyambakipun dados [[Brigadir Jenderal]] kanthi kalungguhan Panglima Komando Tempur Lintas Udara [[Kostrad]]. Setunggal taun candhakipun, piyambakipun dados Panglima Kodam II / Bukit Barisan wonten ing [[Medan]] kanthi pangkat [[Mayor Jenderal]] dumugi ing taun [[1983]], lajeng piyambakipun ugi dados Pangdam Kodam III / Siliwangi wonten ing [[Bandung]] wonten ing taun [[1983]]-[[1985]]. Sadangunipun kalih taun sabibaripun punika, (85-86), Edi Sudradjat dipunangkat minangka Asisten Operasi Kasum ABRI saderengipun kalajengaken dados [[Letnan Jenderal]] kanggé kalungguhan Wakil Kepala Staf TNI-AD saking taun [[1986]] dumugi ing taun [[1988]]. Salajengipun wonten ing taun [[1988]] dumugi taun [[1993]], piyambakipun dados Kepala Staf TNI-AD. Taun [[1993]], piyambakipun dipunpitadosi dados [[Panglima ABRI]] nggantosaken [[Try Sutrisno]]. Edi Sudradjat minangka perwira tinggi ingkang angka 1 lulusan AMN ingkang dados Panglima ABRI. Kajawi punika, wonten ing taun ingkang sami, piyambakipun dipunangkat dados Mantri Pertahanan dan Keamanan wonten ing [[Kabinet Pembangunan VI]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kepustakaan-presiden.pnri.go.id/cabinet_personnel/popup_profil_pejabat.php?id=360&presiden_id=2&presiden=suh |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-02-14 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305203721/http://kepustakaan-presiden.pnri.go.id/cabinet_personnel/popup_profil_pejabat.php?id=360&presiden_id=2&presiden=suh |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jabatan rangkap mau dipulaksanakaken saderengipun piyambakipun masrahaken kalungguhan Panglima ABRI dhateng Jenderal TNI [[Feisal Tanjung]], mantan Kasum ABRI ingkang langkung kawentar sasampunipun mimpin [[DKP]] wonten ing [[Insiden Dili|kasus Santa Cruz]], [[Timor Leste]]. Pungkasan piyambakipun njabat minangka Ketua Umum [[Parté Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonésia]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tempo.co/topik/tokoh/128/Edi-Sudradjat |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305193153/http://www.tempo.co/topik/tokoh/128/Edi-Sudradjat |archive-date=2016-03-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nalika njabat minangka [[KSAD]], Edi kalebet pimpinan TNI ingkang nywantenakenyang obahan ''back to basic'' utawi "wangsul dhateng barak" kanggé bala. Tegesipun bala kedah wiwit nilaraken bisnis militeripun lan namung konsèntrasi dhateng tugas-tugas lan kuwajibanipun minangka garda bangsa ingkang profésional. == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} * [http://kompas.com/ver1/Nasional/0612/01/142315.htm "Jenderal (Purn) Edi Sudradjat Meninggal Dunia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105124302/http://www2.kompas.com/ver1/Nasional/0612/01/142315.htm |date=2009-01-05 }}, ''[[KOMPAS]]'' {{S-start}} {{s-off}} {{Succession box | kalungguhan = [[Mantri Pertahanan dan Keamanan]] | taun = 1993 - [[1998]]| pendahulu = [[L.B. Moerdani]] | pengganti = [[Wiranto]]}} {{S-mil}} {{Succession box | kalungguhan = [[Komando Laladan Militer I/Bukit Barisan#Pejabat Pangdam|Pangdam Bukit Barisan]] | years = [[1981]] - [[1983]] | before = [[Muhammad Ismail]] | after = [[Harsudiyono Hartas]] }} {{Succession box | kalungguhan = [[Komando Laladan Militer III/Siliwangi#Pejabat Pangdam|Pangdam Siliwangi]] | years = 1983-1985 | before = [[Yogie S. Memet]] | after = [[R. I. Siregar]] }} {{Succession box |kalungguhan=[[Kepala Staf TNI Angkatan Darat]]|pendahulu=[[Try Sutrisno]]|pengganti=[[Wismoyo Arismunandar]]|taun= [[1988]] - [[1993]] }} {{Succession box | kalungguhan = [[Panglima ABRI]] | taun = 1993| pendahulu = [[Try Soetrisno]] | pengganti = [[Feisal Tanjung]]}} {{S-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sudradjat, Edi}} [[Kategori:Lair 1938]] [[Kategori:Pati 2006]] [[Kategori:Tokoh militèr Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Panglima TNI]] [[Kategori:KSAD]] [[Kategori:Mantri Pertahanan Indonésia]] 89hd71fr4io42tszt3zlx4cytpbw9r5 HBO 0 97842 1760009 1757479 2026-11-05T20:54:34Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760009 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Home Box Office.jpg|thumb|250px]] {{Infobox TV channel |name = Home Box Office |logofile = HBO logo.svg |logosize = 200px |logoalt = |logo2 = |launch = 8 November, 1972 |closed date = |picture format = [[480i]] ([[Standard-definition television|SDTV]]){{br}}[[1080i]] ([[High-definition television|HDTV]]) |share = |share as of = |share source = |network = |owner = Home Box Office Inc.{{br}}([[Time Warner]]) |slogan = ''It's Not TV. It's HBO.'' |country = [[Amérika Sarékat]] |broadcast area = Nationwide |headquarters = [[New York City|New York, NY]] |sister names = [[Cinemax]] |timeshift names = |web = [http://www.hbo.com/ HBO.com]{{br}}[http://www.hbofamily.com HBO Family] |sat serv 1 = DirecTV |sat chan 1 = 501 HBO (timur) {{br}}502 HBO2 (timur){{br}}503 HBO Signature{{br}}504 HBO (barat){{br}}505 HBO2 (barat){{br}}507 HBO Family (timur){{br}}508 HBO Family (barat){{br}}511 HBO Latino |sat serv 2 = Dish Network |sat chan 2 = 300 HBO (timur) {{br}}301 HBO2 (timur){{br}}302 HBO Signature{{br}}303 HBO (barat){{br}}304 HBO2 (barat){{br}}305 HBO Family{{br}}307 HBO Comedy{{br}}309 HBO Latino{{br}}308 HBO Zone |cable serv 1 = Tersedia di semua sistem kabel |cable chan 1 = Lihat pratélan lokal untuk saluran-saluran |cable serv 2 = [[Verizon FIOS]] |cable chan 2 = 400 HBO (timur){{br}}401 HBO (barat){{br}}402 HBO 2 (timur){{br}}403 HBO 2 (barat){{br}}404 HBO Signature (timur){{br}}405 HBO Signature (barat){{br}}406 HBO Family (timur){{br}}407 HBO Family (barat){{br}}408 HBO Comedy (timur){{br}}409 HBO Comedy (barat){{br}}410 HBO Zone (timur){{br}}411 HBO Zone (barat){{br}}412 HBO Latino (timur){{br}}413 HBO Latino (barat){{br}}(HD available for all channels) |adsl serv 2 = [[AT&T U-verse]] |adsl chan 2 = See [https://uma.att.com/general/201-AMSS-X-DMA2-POPUP.html AT&T U-verse channel lineup] |online serv 1 = |online chan 1 = }} '''HBO''' ('''Home Box Office''') ya iku [[stasiun télévisi]] [[Amérika Sarékat]] kang diduwèni [[Time Warner]]. Programé ditayangaké 24 jam sadina marang punjul 40 yuta pelanggan tanpa selingan iklan. Skliyane iku pira-pira produké uga dipasaraké marang punjul 150 nagara. Nlika 1965, [[Charles Dolan]] éntuk ijin kanggo ngedegaké sistem [[tipi kabel]] ing [[Manhattan]]. Sistem iki dijenengi Sterling Manhattan Cable lan kanti panjurung [[Time Life]], Inc. ngluncuraké Green Channel kang banjur diowah jenengé dadi ''Home Box Office'' nalika 8 November 1972. Giyaran perdana HBO ya iku tetandhingan langsung antarané [[New York Rangers]] lan [[Vancouver Canucks]], diterusaké déning filem ''[[Sometimes a Great Notion]]''. Nalika [[28 Dhésèmber]] [[1981]], HBO wiwit nayangaké acara télévisi 24 jam sadina, 7 dina seminggu. nalika [[1983]], dhèwèké wiwit gawé filem dhéwé kanti ''The Terry Fox Story''. Saiki pira-pira filem seri produksi HBO ditayangaké déning stasiun télévisi non-kabel ing jaba AS, kaya ta ''[[Sex and the City]]'', ''[[The Sopranos]]'', lan ''[[Six Feet Under]]''. == Tonggak sajarah (Asia) == 1992 * HBO Asia dijurung déning [[Paramount Pictures]] lan [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros Pictures]] ngluncurake saluran filem dawa ing [[Asia Tenggara]] kang beroperasi 18-jam saben dina ing antarané ing jam 06:00 saéngga 00:00 [[Wektu Standar Malaysia]] bekerjasama karo [[StarHub TV|Singapore International Cable Television]] ing [[Singapura]]. * Layanan [[basa Inggris]] didistribusikan liwat [[Palapa B2P]]. 1993 * Kantor regional HBO Asia kanthi resmi dibuka ing New Tech Park déning Mantri Informasi lan Seni Singapura BG George Yeo. HBO Asia, TVB, ESPN, Turner lan ABC ngumumake kerjasama télévisi-télévisi mau. * HBO bisa dinikmati ing [[Thailand]] lan [[Filipina]]. 1994 * HBO nambahake [[Taiwan]] sajrone teritorine. * Sawisé mengudara sakwene 20 wulan, HBO nambah jam tayang dadi 24 jam sadina. * Sajrone pira-pira kerjasama gedhé, HBO Asia gawé kerjasama penayangan eksklusif kanti [[Sony Pictures Entertainment]] lan [[Universal Studios]] kang banjur dadi mitra sejajar. 4 mitra HBO Asia taun iki éntuk 19 sesirah saka 25 sesirah filem sukses kang diluncurake ing [[Amérika Sarékat]] awit taun [[1993]] lan [[1994]]. * HBO bisa rasakake ing [[Indonésia]]. 1995 * HBO wiwit taun iki kanti pelanggan 600,000, nggandakake jumlah pelanggan saka taun sedurunge lan saiki wis nglingkupi 8 pasar ing Asia. * HBO nambah pertalan basa Indonésia subtitles ing sekabehane sekabehane jam penayangane, sawisé nglakokaké penyediaan jasa penerjemahan closed-captioned ing Thailand lan Taiwan taun 1994. * HBO wiwit bisa dinikmati ing Hong Kong lan Malaysia sarta diluncurake ing hotèl-hotèl bintang 3 lan pemukiman pekerja profesonal asing ing Cina. 1996 * Jumlah pelanggan HBO nambah dadi 1.1 yuta pelanggan * Rekanan Disney, Hollywood Pictures lan Touchstone resmi dadi pemasok eksklusif HBO. * Kanti posisi kang kuwat lan paling ngarep sajrone saluran penayangan filem daw' HBO Asia ngluncurake CINEMAX, salah sijiné saluran kang nayangake filem sajrone aneka kategori. Penandatanganan pasarujukan dilakokake kanti operator ing Singapura, Taiwan, Thailand lan Filipina. 1997 * Dan Murrell njabat minangka Direktur Operasional HBO Asia, ganteni Kepala Staf lan Présidhèn HBO Asia Bill Hooks kang balik marang HBO ing New York sawisé 5 taun mangsa kerjane. * HBO ngrayakake lima taun anané ing Asia. * HBO ngambakake bisnise marang 18 nagara-nagara ing Asia. 2006 * Nalika wulan Maret, HBO nambah saluran sajrone rerangkèn saluran-salurane kanti ngluncurake HBO Hits lan HBO Family, kang kapisan kali diluncurake liwat now TV ing Hong Kong. * NAlika wulan April, HBO SIGNATURE, HBO HITS lan HBO FAMILY diluncurake ing Filipina minangka péranganing of THE HBO/MAX PAK (Paket HBO/MAX) liwat SkyCable. * nalika wulan Mèi, HBO SIGNATURE, HBO HITS and HBO FAMILY diluncurake kanggo kapisan kaline ing Taiwan. * Nalika wulan Juli, HBO SIGNATURE, HBO HITS dan HBO FAMILY diluncurake ing Singapura minangka pérangan sak THE HBO PAK (Paket HBO) liwat[[StarHub]] Cable Vision. == Slogan == * 1972-1978: "Different and First" * 1978-1982: "The Home Box" * 1982-1983: "Start with Us on HBO" * 1983-1985: "There's No Place Like HBO" * 1986-1988: "Let's All Get Together" * 1988-1989: "Watch Us Here on HBO" * 1990-1992: "Simply The Best" * 1992-1993: "We're HBO" * 1993-1997: "We're Out of Town Today" * 1997-2009: "It's Not TV. It's HBO" * 2006-2009: "Get More" (slogan untuk website HBO) * 2009-sekarang: "It's More Than You Imagined. It's HBO" == Acara == ; Amérika Sarékat {| border="1" cellpadding="2" class="wikitable sortable" style="width:85%; font-size:95%;" !width="40%"|Judhul !width="15%"|Genre !width="15%"|Pertama ditayangkan |- |''Stitch N' Bitch'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/television/news/e3iecb83415cefdd2b0b78c4b83d1d250c2 |title=The Hollywood Reporter October 7, 2009 Ellen Page to pen comedy at HBO - Alia Shawkat, Sean Tillmann also working on project |access-date=October 9, 2009 |archive-date=October 9, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009074928/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/television/news/e3iecb83415cefdd2b0b78c4b83d1d250c2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Komedi]] |<span style="display:none">99999</span>TBA |- |''The Ricky Gervais Show'' <ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2009/may/19/ricky-gervais-podcast-cartoon-hbo Ricky Gervais podcasts to become cartoon series on US channel HBO]</ref> |[[Komedi]] |<span style="display:none">99999</span>TBA |- |''[[Boardwalk Empire (TV Series)|Boardwalk Empire]]'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118007975.html?categoryid=14&cs=1&nid=2565 |title=HBO greenlights 'Boardwalk Empire' |access-date=2013-02-15 |archive-date=2009-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919095622/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118007975.html?categoryid=14&cs=1&nid=2565 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |[[Drama]] |<span style="display:none">99999</span>2010 |- |''Gentlemen of Leisure'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/01/06/BAT41547C0.DTL |title=Oakland officials don't like planned HBO show |access-date=2013-02-15 |archive-date=2009-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090118012746/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/01/06/BAT41547C0.DTL |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Drama]] |<span style="display:none">99999</span>TBA |- |''[[Shameless#American adaptation|Shameless]]''<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/jan/05/hbo-to-develop-us-version-of-shameless HBO cues up US version of Shameless]</ref> |[[Drama]] [[komedi]] |<span style="display:none">99999</span>2010 |- |''[[Treme (TV series)|Treme]]'' |[[Drama]] |<span style="display:none">99999</span>2010 |- |''[[Game of Thrones (TV series)|Game of Thrones]]'' |[[Drama]] |<span style="display:none">99999</span>2010 |- |''[[The Pacific (miniseries)|The Pacific]]'' |[[Film|Film pendek]] |<span style="display:none">99999</span>2010 |- |''[[Cocaine Cowboys]]'' <ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/televisionNews/idUSTRE4BI1XX20081219 Reuters]</ref> |[[Drama]] ||<span style="display:none">99999</span>2010 |- |''How To Make It In America <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.observer.com/2008/arts-culture/hbo-ready-show-how-make-it-america |title=HBO Ready to Show How to Make It In America |access-date=2013-02-15 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118175602/http://www.observer.com/2008/arts-culture/hbo-ready-show-how-make-it-america |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/televisionNews/idUSN3039945820080730 HBO hustles juru anggegana]</ref> |[[Komedi]] ||<span style="display:none">99999</span>2010 |- |''[[Bored to Death]]'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i8cb71d29182efee634bd6ed3788684f8 |title=HBO loads up on laughs |access-date=2008-12-21 |archive-date=2008-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221235957/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i8cb71d29182efee634bd6ed3788684f8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Komedi]] ||<span style="display:none">02009</span>2009 |- |''[[Hung (TV series)|Hung]]''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117985340.html?categoryid=14&cs=1 |title=Director turns to TV with HBO's dark comedy |access-date=2013-02-15 |archive-date=2010-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705165006/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117985340.html?categoryid=14&cs=1 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |[[Komedi]] ||<span style="display:none">02009</span>2009 |- |''[[The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency (TV series)|The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency]]'' |[[Drama]] ||<span style="display:none">02009</span>2009 |- |''[[Eastbound & Down]]'' |[[Komedi]] |<span style="display:none">02009</span>2009 |- |''Down and Dirty with Jim Norton |[[Komedi]] ||<span style="display:none">02008</span>2008 |- |''[[The Life & Times of Tim]]'' |[[Animasi]] ||<span style="display:none">02008</span>2008 |- |''[[True Blood]]'' |[[Drama]] |<span style="display:none">02008</span>2008 |- |''[[In Treatment]]'' |[[Drama]] |<span style="display:none">02008</span>2008 |- |''[[Big Love]]'' |[[Drama]] |<span style="display:none">02006</span>2006 |- |''[[Cathouse: The Series]]'' |[[Film dokumenter|Dokumenter]] |<span style="display:none">02004</span>2004 |- |''[[Entourage (TV series)|Entourage]]'' |[[Drama]] [[komedi]] |<span style="display:none">02004</span>2004 |- |''[[Real Time with Bill Maher]]'' |[[Talk show]] |<span style="display:none">02003</span>2003 |- |''[[Def Poetry]]'' |[[Pertunjukkan]] |<span style="display:none">02002</span>2002 |- |''[[Curb Your Enthusiasm]]'' |[[Komedi]] |<span style="display:none">02000</span>2000 |- |''[[Boxing After Dark]]'' |[[Ulah raga]] |<span style="display:none">01996</span>1996 |- |''[[Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel]]'' |[[Ulah raga]] |<span style="display:none">01995</span>1995 |- |''[[Autopsy (TV series)|Autopsy]]'' |[[Film dokumenter|Dokumenter]] |<span style="display:none">01994</span>1994 |- |''[[Def Comedy Jam]]'' |[[Komedi]] |<span style="display:none">01992</span>1992 |- |''[[Real Sex]]'' |[[Film dokumenter|Dokumenter]] |<span style="display:none">01992</span>1992 |- |''[[America Undercover]]'' |[[Film dokumenter|Dokumenter]] |<span style="display:none">01983</span>1983 |- |''[[HBO World Championship Boxing]]'' |[[Ulah raga]] |<span style="display:none">01973</span>1973 |} ; Luar nagari * ''[[The Sopranos]]'' * ''[[Six Feet Under]]'' * ''[[Carnivàle]]'' * ''[[Big Love]]'' * ''[[John from Cincinnati]]'' * ''[[The Hitchhiker]]'' * ''[[Band of Brothers]]'' * ''[[Sex and the City]]'' * ''[[Curb Your Enthusiasm]]'' * ''[[Tracey Takes On...]]'' * ''[[The Larry Sanders Show]]'' * ''[[Mr. Show]]'' * ''[[Da Ali G Show]]'' * ''[[Arli$$]]'' * ''[[Fraggle Rock]]'' * ''[[Lucky Louie]]'' * ''[[Real Time with Bill Maher]]'' == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Uga delengen == * [[Cinemax]] [[Kategori:HBO| ]] 2o4lxg3shxb8pq6x4gvibkr6akgvy7n Ibis-séndhok 0 97876 1760037 1720292 2026-11-05T22:19:09Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Ibis-sendok | image = Royal Spoonbill mouth open.jpg | image_width = | image_caption = [[Ibis-sendok raja]]<br>''Platalea regia'' | image_width = 250px | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Aves]] | ordo = [[Pelecaniformes]] <ref>"Gill, F. & D. Donsker (Eds). 2010. IOC World Bird Names (version 2.4). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ [Accessed 29 May 2010].</ref> | familia = [[Threskiornithidae]] | subfamilia = '''Plataleinae''' | subdivision_ranks = Genera dan Spesies | subdivision = Lihat teks. }} '''Ibis-séndhok''' inggih punika kelompok [[peksi]] pengarung toya ingkang salira agnèg lan berkaki ndawa, saking [[familia|suku]] [[Threskiornithidae]] ing pundhi [[ibis]] kalebet ing salebeting. Sedaya [[spésies]] ibis-sendok gadhah [[paruh]] ingkang datar lan berbentuk kados ta [[spatula]]. == Cara Urip == Platalea regia, Ibis-sendok Raja, Royal Spoonbill, Teluk Kupang, [[Kupang]], [[Nusa Tenggara Wétan|Nusa Tenggara Timur]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fobi.web.id/fbi/v/aves/f-the/pla-reg/Platalea-regia_Kupang_OH.jpg.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119172116/http://www.fobi.web.id/fbi/v/aves/f-the/pla-reg/Platalea-regia_Kupang_OH.jpg.html |archive-date=2025-01-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Gambar:Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) at Bharatpur I IMG 5670.jpg|thumb|180px|left|[[Ibis-sendok erasia]] (''Platalea leucorodia'') di [[India]]. ]] [[Gambar:African Spoonbill 2.jpg|thumb|180px|left| [[Ibis-sendok afrika]] (''Platalea alba'')]] [[Gambar:Platalea ajaja -Vogelpark Walsrode-8a.jpg|thumb|180px|left| [[Ibis-sendok jambon]] (''Platalea ajaja'') ]] Manuk-manuk punika madosi panganan kaliyan cara njelajahi perairan dangkal, kaliyan menusuk-nusukkan utawi nggerakaken paruhipun ingkang setengah kabuka ing tengen-kiwa ing salebeting toya utawi blethok. Manawi wonten kéwan akuatik alit kados ta [[gegremet]], [[krustasea]] utawi [[ikan]] alit nyentuh pérangan salebeting, paruh tersebut badhé ngatup kaliyan cepat. Ibis-sendok limrahipun langkung ngadahi [[air tawar|perairan tawar]] saking ing [[air laut|air asin]], nanging mereka saged kapanggih ing kaping kalih habitat mau. Mereka nghabisaken wekdal berjam-jam sadinten namung dipunengge madang. Ibis-sendok asifat [[monogami]], manawi namung kanggé satunggal mangsa. Kathah spésies bersarang ing [[pohon|pepohonan]] utawi semak [[rumput|buluh]], kadang-kadang sami kaliyan ibis lan [[kuntul]]. Jantan ngempalake material kanggé sarang, limrahipun wujud ranting alit utawi rerumputan, kadang-kadang dipunpendhet saking sarang bekas. Sedangkan wadon menganyamnya dados wujud mangkuk yang dangkal lan lebar, ingkang bervariasi wujud lan kekukuhanipun miturut jinis burung ndamelanipun. ==Spesies lan agihan== [[Gambar:Yellow-billed Spoonbill at Perth Zoo.jpg|thumb|180px|left| [[Ibis-sendok paruh-kuning]] (''Platalea flavipes'') ]] wonten enem [[spésies]] ibis-sendok ing kalih [[génus|genera]], ingkang nyebar hampir ing sadaya donya. * [[Ibis-sendok erasia]] (''Platalea leucorodia''): Ibis-sendok ingkang paling nyebar luas, saking [[Afrika]] timur laut, sapérangan ageng [[Éropah]] lan [[Asia]] nyeberang ngantos ing [[Jepang]]. * [[Ibis-sendok kecil]] (''Platalea minor''): nyebar ing [[Taiwan]], [[Cina]], [[Koréa]] lan [[Jepang]]. * [[Ibis-sendok afrika]] (''Platalea alba''): Berbiak ing Afrika lan [[Madagaskar]]. * [[Ibis-sendok raja]] (''Platalea regia''): Kathah dipunpanggihake ing [[Australia]] tenggara, nanging ugi ing jumlah alit sedikit ing pinten-pinten panggènan ing bawana punika, lan ing [[Selandia Baru]]; pengunjung musiman ing [[Papua]], [[Indonesia]], lan pulau-pulau ing [[Samodra Pasifik]]. * [[Ibis-sendok paruh-kuning]] (''Platalea flavipes''): Umum ing [[Ostrali|Australia]] tenggara, lan boten jarang ing pérangan sanès bawana punika. Pengembara ing Selandia énggal, Pulau Lord Howe lan Pulau Norfolk. * [[Ibis-sendok jambon]] (''Platalea ajaja'' utawi ''Ajaia ajaja''): nyebar ing [[Amérika Selatan]], [[Karibia]], [[Texas]], [[Louisiana]], lan [[Florida]] selatan ing [[Amérikah Sarékat]]. == Cathetan suku == {{Commons category|Platalea}} {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Fauna]] [[Kategori:Manuk|Ibis-sendok]] [[Kategori:Manuk banyu]] {{burung-stub}} 8318rlgoh4k38jhjjf859ciaac5pqca Hedy Lamarr 0 97921 1760019 1752616 2026-11-05T21:34:18Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Hedy Lamarr | image = Hedy Lamarr 1939 crop.jpg | caption = Hedy Lamarr (1939) | birth_name = Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler | birth_date = {{Birth date|1914|11|09|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Vienna]], [[Ostenrik-Honggari]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2000|01|19|1914|11|09|df=y}} | death_place = [[Casselberry, Florida]], [[Amérikah Sarékat|A.S.]] | occupation = [[Aktris]], [[penemu]] | years_active = 1930–1958 | spouse = [[Friedrich Mandl|Fritz Mandl]] <br><small>(m.1933–1937; bercerai)</small> <br>[[Gene Markey]] <br><small>(m.1939–1941; bercerai)</small> <br>[[John Loder (aktor)|John Loder]] <br><small>(m.1943–1947; bercerai)</small> <br>[[Teddy Stauffer]] <br><small>(m.1951–1952; bercerai)</small> <br>W. Howard Lee <br><small>(m.1953–1960; bercerai)</small> <br>Lewis J. Boies <br><small>(m.1963–1965; bercerai)</small> }} '''Hedy Lamarr''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|h|ɛ|d|i}}; 9 November 1914 – 19 Januari 2000) inggih punika tiyang aktris lan matematikawan [[Ostenrik]]-Amérika ingkang misuwur amargi kecantikanipun lan dados [[sistem bintang (pembuatan filem)|bintang kontrak]] ageng ing [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer#Zaman keemasan MGM|"Zaman Keemasan"]] [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.edition-filmmuseum.com/product_info.php/language/en/info/p74_Hedy-Lamarr--Secrets-of-a-Hollywood-Star.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2014-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722222713/http://www.edition-filmmuseum.com/product_info.php/language/en/info/p74_Hedy-Lamarr--Secrets-of-a-Hollywood-Star.html |archive-date=2012-07-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Max Reinhardt]], rekan mérdamél ing [[Berlin]], nyébatakén Lamarr "wanita tercantik ing [[Éropa]]" amargi "tampilanipun ingkang sangét eksotis lan gelap," sebuah sentimen ingkang lajéng dipunsébat-sébat déning para penonton lan pengkritiknya.<ref name=NYTimes>{{cite news|http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/12/books/review/Haskell-t.html?pagewanted=all|title=European Exotic|publisher=[[New York Times]]|date=December 10, 2010|accessdate=2012-07-26}}</ref><ref>http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/107525|68054/Hedy-Lamarr/</ref><ref>http://classicmoviechat.com/?tag=max-reinhardt</ref> Piyambakipun wiwit misuwur ing mbintangi ''[[Ecstasy (filem)|Ecstasy]]'' karya [[Gustav Machatý]], sebuah filem ingkang nampilakén cuplikan tokoh ingkang dipunperankén ing wekdal ngélampahi [[orgasme]] ing salah satunggaling adégan lan telanjang bulat ing adegan sanès. Kalihipun adégan kasbéut mbotén lazim ing masa [[masarakat konservatif|pemikiran konservatif]] ingkang merupakan masa puncak karieripun. bakat ing babagan matematika, Lamarr sami kaliyan komponis [[George Antheil]] manggihakén sebuah teknik komunikasi [[spektrum sebar]] lan [[perpindahan frekuensi]] kawiwitan ingkang dipunbétahakèn kanggé ngélampahi komunikasi [[nirkabel]] ngantos jaman pra-komputer ngantos sapunika.<ref name=LaTimes>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2011/11/hedy-lamarr-inventor-hedy-lamarr-sex-symbol.html|title=Hedy Lamarr: Inventor of more than the 1st theatrical-filem orgasm|publisher=[[LA Times]]|date=November 28, 2010|accessdate=2012-07-26}}</ref><ref name="EFF1997">{{cite press release| title =Movie Legend Hedy Lamarr to be Given Special Award at EFF's Sixth Annual Pioneer Awards| publisher =Electronic Frontier Foundation| date =11 Maret 1997| url =http://www.eff.org/awards/pioneer/1997.php| access-date =4 Juli 2007| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20080518225429/http://w2.eff.org/awards/pioneer/1997.php| archivedate =May 18, 2008| url-status =dead}}</ref> ==Penemuan spektrum sebar nggantos frekuensi== [[Gambar:Hedy Lamarr Argentinean Magazine AD.jpg|thumb|220px|Hedy Lamarr en 1934]] [[Gambar:Hedy Lamarr in Her Highness and the Bellboy trailer.JPG|thumb|left|220px|''[[La Princesse et le Groom]]'' (1945)]] <div id="Frequency-Hopping Spread-Spectrum Invention"></div> Komponis [[avant garde]] [[George Antheil]], putra imigran Jerman punika tetangga Lamarr, sampun bereksperimen kaliyan pengendalian instumen musik kanthi otomatis, kalebet musikipun kanggé ''[[Ballet Mécanique]]'', ingkang wiwitan dipunserat kanggé filem abstrak karya [[Fernand Léger]] taun 1924. Musik otomatis karyanipun aruoa pinten-pinten [[pianola]] ingkang dipunmainaken kanthi sami-sami. Lamarr nepangaken idenipun ing Antheil lan sami-sami ngirimaken ide ''sistem komunikasi rahasia'' mau ing wulan Juni 1941. Tanggal 11 Agustus 1942, [http://www.google.com/patents?vid=USPAT2292387 US Patent 2,292,387] dipunparingake dateng Antheil lan "Hedy Kiesler Markey," asma nikah Lamarr ing wekdal punika. Versi wiwit [[nggantos frekuensi]] punika ya iku pemanfaatan [[rol piano]] kanggé nggatos-nggantos ing 88 frekuensi lan gadhah ancas [[torpedo]] ingkang dipunpandu radio sulit terdeteksi musuh. Punika mpresentasiaken teknik punika ing ngajeng Angkatan Laut A.S., ide punika dipuntolak lan boten diadopsi.<ref>Tony Long, [http://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2011/08/0811hedy-lamar-george-antheil-torpedo-patent This Day in Tech: Aug. 11, 1942: Actress + Piano Player = New Torpedo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303195928/http://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2011/08/0811hedy-lamar-george-antheil-torpedo-patent/ |date=2014-03-03 }}, ''Wired'', August 11, 2011; accessed 2011.10.17.</ref> Ide punika énggal dipunterapaken ing Amérikah Sarékat ing taun 1962 olèh kapal-kapal militèr A.S. saat mblokir Kuba sasampunipun patenipun kedaluwarsa. Amargi manawi pengembanganipun kahambat, paten punika énggal dipunmangertosi publik ing taun 1997 manawi [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]] maringi penghargaan dateng Lamarr atas kontribusinipun.<ref name="EFF1997" /> Dipunlaporaken manawi ing taun 1998, pengembang tèknologi nirkabel asal Ottawa, Wi-LAN, Inc. "tumbas 49 persèn klaim paten punika saking Lamarr kaliyan aji saham ingkang boten dipunsebataken" (Eliza Schmidkunz, ''Inside GNSS''),<ref>Player Pianos, Sex Appeal, and Patent #2,292,387, Inside GNSS September 2006 http://www.insidegnss.com/node/303 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827181419/http://www.insidegnss.com/node/303 |date=2016-08-27 }}</ref> nanging paten ingkang kedaluwarsa sajatosipun dipunanggep boten gadhah aji. Antheil séda ing taun 1959. ==Filmografi== {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} *''Das Geld liegt auf der Straße'' (''Money on the Street'', [[1930 in filem|1930]]) *''Die Frau von Lindenau'' (''The Woman of Lindenau'', [[1931 in filem|1931]]) *''Die Abenteuer des Herrn O. F.'' (''The Adventures of Mr. O. F.'', 1931) *''Man braucht kein Geld'' (''We Need No Money'', [[1932 in filem|1932]]) *''Ekstase / Symphonie der Liebe'' (''[[Ecstasy (filem)|Ecstasy]]'', [[1933 in filem|1933]]) *''[[Algiers (filem)|Algiers]]'' ([[1938 in filem|1938]]) *''Hollywood Goes to Town'' (1938) *''Screen Snapshots: Stars at a Charity Ball'' ([[1939 in filem|1939]]) *''[[Lady of the Tropics]]'' (1939) *''[[I Take This Woman (filem 1940)|I Take This Woman]]'' ([[1940 in filem|1940]]) *''[[Boom Town (filem)|Boom Town]]'' (1940) *''[[Comrade X]]'' (1940) *''[[Come Live with Me|Come Live With Me]]'' ([[1941 in filem|1941]]) *''[[Ziegfeld Girl (filem)|Ziegfeld Girl]]'' (1941) *''[[H.M. Pulham, Esq. (filem)|H.M. Pulham, Esq.]]'' (1941) *''[[Tortilla Flat (filem)|Tortilla Flat]]'' ([[1942 in filem|1942]]) *''[[Crossroads (filem 1942)|Crossroads]]'' (1942) *''[[White Cargo]]'' (1942) {{col-break}} *''[[Show Business at War]]'' ([[1943 in filem|1943]]) *''[[The Heavenly Body]]'' ([[1944 in filem|1944]]) *''[[The Conspirators]]'' (1944) *''[[Experiment Perilous]]'' (1944) *''[[Her Highness and the Bellboy]]'' ([[1945 in filem|1945]]) *''[[The Strange Woman]]'' ([[1946 in filem|1946]]) *''[[Dishonored Lady]]'' ([[1947 in filem|1947]]) *''[[Let's Live a Little]]'' ([[1948 in filem|1948]]) *''[[Samson and Delilah (filem 1949)|Samson and Delilah]]'' ([[1949 in filem|1949]]) *''[[A Lady Without Passport]]'' ([[1950 in filem|1950]]) *''[[Copper Canyon (filem)|Copper Canyon]]'' (1950) *''[[My Favorite Spy]]'' ([[1951 in filem|1951]]) *''[[The Eternal Female]]'' ([[1954 in filem|1954]]) (tidak selesai) *''[[Loves of Three Queens]]'' (1954) *''[[The Story of Mankind (filem)|The Story of Mankind]]'' ([[1957 in filem|1957]]) *''[[The Female Animal]]'' ([[1958 in filem|1958]]) *''[[Instant Karma (filem)|Instant Karma]]'' (1990) [archive footage]<ref>{{IMDb title|0099849|Instant Karma}}</ref> {{col-end}} ==Pratélan pustaka== * Barton, Ruth. ''Hedy Lamarr: The Most Beautiful Woman in Film''. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-8131-2604-3. * [[Richard Rhodes|Rhodes, Richard]]. ''Hedy's Folly: The Life and Breakthrough Inventions of Hedy Lamarr, the Most Beautiful Woman in the World''. Doubleday, 2011. ISBN 0-385-53438-8. ==Ndelengen Uga== *[[Pratélan tokoh Ostenrik]] *[[Inventor's Day]] == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} ==Réferènsi== * Hedy Lamarr, ''Ecstasy and Me'' * "Hedy Lamarr", Half-Life2.net(December 13, 2004)[http://www.halflife2.net/wiki/index.php/Hedy_Lamarr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908095339/http://www.halflife2.net/wiki/index.php/Hedy_Lamarr |date=2010-09-08 }} Retrieved on 2008-12-21 * [[Robert A. Scholtz]], "The Origins of Spread-Spectrum Communications," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 30, No. 5, May 1982, p.&nbsp;822. * [[Robert Price (engineer)|Robert Price]], "Further Notes and Anecdotes on Spread-Spectrum Origins," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 31, No. 1, January 1983, p.&nbsp;85. * {{cite web | author=Ivanis, Dan | title=The stars come out – Recruiting ad featuring Hedy Lamarr creates 'buzz't | url=http://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2003/november/i_nan.html | date=November 2003 | work=Boeing Frontiers Online | publisher=The Boeing Company | accessdate=2009-04-20 }} {{Refend}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons}} {{wikiquote}} * [http://www.hedylamarr.com/ Hedy Lamarr Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723064928/http://www.hedylamarr.com/ |date=2010-07-23 }} * [http://www.hedylamarr.org Hedy Lamarr foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113083558/http://www.hedylamarr.org/ |date=2015-11-13 }} * [http://hedy-lamarr.org Hedy Lamarr fansite] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430214200/http://hedy-lamarr.org/ |date=2019-04-30 }} * {{IMDb name|1443}} * {{tcmdb name|107525}} * [http://www.reelclassics.com/Actresses/Lamarr/lamarr.htm Hedy Lamarr at Reel Classics] * [http://www.inventions.org/culture/female/lamarr.html Inventions.org page on Hedy Lamarr] * [http://www.altfg.com/blog/archives/2007/02/13/hedy-lamarr-biographer-patrick-agan-discusses-the-legendary-hollywood-star/ Interview with Hedy Lamarr biographer Patrick Agan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530133020/https://www.altfg.com/film/hedy-lamarr/ |date=2020-05-30 }} * [http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1997/4/1997_4_10.shtml ''Advanced Weaponry of the Stars'' by Prof. Hans-Joachim Braun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314161122/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1997/4/1997_4_10.shtml |date=2011-03-14 }} Invention & Technology article about Hedy Lamarr's patent * [http://www.inventors-day.com Annual Inventor's Day on her Birthday] * [http://www.guidebookgallery.org/splashes/coreldraw CorelDRAW splash screens] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YM1tEO3_09g ''Calling Hedy Lamarr'' (2004)] * [http://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/1731/hedy-lamarr Photographs and literature] {{DEFAULTSORT:Lamarr, Hedy}} [[Kategori:Lair 1914]] [[Kategori:Pati 2000]] [[Kategori:Aktor filem Amérikah Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Panemu Amérikah Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Wanita ing tèknologi]] 2er62t53m3v0izeytbgp2s81rlon1y8 Karajan Yehuda 0 98113 1760145 1644518 2026-11-06T04:21:20Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Former Country |conventional_long_name = Karajan Yehuda |common_name = Yehuda |era = [[Jaman Besi]] |continent = [[Asia]] |region = [[Timur Tengah]] |government_type = [[Monarki]] |p1 = Karajan Israèl (kraton bersatu) |flag_p1 = 3by2white.svg |s1 = |flag_s1 = 3by2white.svg |event_start = Raja Daud |year_start = 1000 SM |event_end = Raja Zedekia |year_end = 586 SM |capital = [[Yerusalem]] |religion = |leader1 = Lihat tèks |year_leader1 = Lihat tèks |title_leader = [[Raja]] }} [[Gambar:The divided kingdom.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Karajan Serikat Salomo terpecah, kaliyan Yerobeam merintah sadaya Karajan Israèl Utara (warni ijem ing peta)]] '''Karajan Yehuda''' ({{Asma Ibrani|מַלְכוּת יְהוּדָה|Malḫut Yəhuda|Malḵûṯ Yəhûḏāh}}) gésang ing kalih kalamangsa ing sajarah Yahudi. Miturut [[Alkitab Ibrani]], kraton tuwuh ing Yehuda saksampuné pejah [[Saul]], ing [[suku Yehuda]] ngangkat [[Daud]], ingkang asalipun saking [[Suku Yehuda]], kanggé merintah wewengkon kasébut. Saksampune pitung taun Daud dados ratu [[Karajan Israèl (kraton sarékat)|Karajan Israèl]] sarékat. Ing mangsa-mangsa punika, [[Yerusalem]] dados [[kutha krajan]] saking kraton sarékat. ({{ayat|2 Samuel|5|6|7}}) Nanging, ing sawatawis 930 SM, kraton sarékat terpecah, kaliyan sédasa kaliyan kalih wélas [[suku Israèl]] nolak cucu Daud [[Rehabeam]] dados ratu mereka. Karajan Yehuda ingkang énggal tuwuh dados salah satunggaling papréntahan, lan papréntahan sanèsipun ingkang dipuntepang kaliyan Karajan Israèl, utawi Israèl. Karajan Yehuda punika asring dipunsébat minangka '''Karajan Selatan''', nanging Karajan Israèl amargi perpecahan mau dipunsébat Karajan Utara. Yehuda ngantos taunan 586 SM, ing kraton mau dipunserbu déning [[Kamaharajan Neo-Babilonia|Kamaharajan Babilonia]] ing ngandap Nebuzaradan, kepala prajurit pengawal [[Nebukadnezar II saking Babilonia|Nebukadnezar]]. ({{ayat|2 Raja-ratu|25|8|21}}) kaliyan [[Pembuangan ing Babilonia|pengasingan penduduk]] lan penghancuran [[Kuil Pertama|Kuil]] lan Yerusalem, penghacuran kraton sampun purna. [[Garis Daud|Dinasti Daud]] dipunwiwiti ing suku Yehuda ngangkat Daud minangka ratu sasampunipun pejah Saul. Garis Daud kalajengan piyambakipun dados ratu Karajan Israèl sarékat. Ing kraton sarékat terpecah, suku Yehuda lan [[suku Benyamin|Benyamin]] ajeg ndhèrèk garis Daud, ingkang merintah ngantos kraton dipunhancuraken ing taun 586 SM. Manawi makaten, garis Daud ajeg dipunhormati déning para buangan ing Babilonia, ingkang nghormati ''[[Rosh Galut]]'' dados ratu ing pembuangan. == Wewengkon == [[Gambar:Levant 830.svg|thumb|250px|Peta [[Levant]] selatan, 830-an SM. {{legend|#00ff00|Karajan Yehuda|border=#0d0}} {{legend|#008000|[[Karajan Israèl]]}} {{legend|#777777|[[Bangsa Filistin|Nagara Kota Filistin]]}} {{legend|#ffff00|Karajan [[Edom]]|border=#db0}} {{legend|#007777|Karajan Aram-Damaskus}} {{legend|#ffffff|Suku Aram|border=silver}} {{legend|#005fff|[[Kamaharajan Asyur]]}} {{legend|#808040|Karajan [[Moab]]}} {{legend|#800080|Suku Arubu}} {{legend|#804020|Suku Nabatu}} ]] Karajan Yehuda kapérang saking teritori suku [[suku Yehuda|Yehuda]], [[suku Simeon|Simeon]], lan [[Suku Benyamin|Benyamin]], sebuah wewengkon kaliyan sawetawisipun {{convert|8900|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on|sp=us}}. Kutha krajannya yaiku [[Yerusalem]], ingkang manggèn ing teritori suku Benyamin. Wewengkon ingkang nyusun kraton kapérang saking wewengkon ingkang dipuntepang dados ''Har Yehudah'' ("pagunungan (wewengkon) curam"). Wewengkon mau kawiwitan punika kediaman bangsa [[Keni]], [[Caleb]], [[Otniel]], lan ing Yerusalem bangsa [[Yebus]]. == Sajarah == {{Utama|Sajarah Israèl lan Yehuda kuna}} [[Gambar:PLATE4CX.jpg|thumb|left|Raja dan prajurit Yahudi di Yehuda kuna]] Karajan sarékat punika kesatuan saking kalih welas [[suku Israèl]] ingkang gesang ing wewengkon ing wanci punika merupakan Israèl lan Palestina modhèren. Karajan punika kapérang saking 1030-930 SM. Saksampune pejah [[Salomo]] (''[[Sulayman]]'') ing 931 SM, sedasa suku ing utara nolak nampi [[Rehabeam]] dados ratu punika, lan dados gantos ing sawatawis taun 930 SM milih [[Yerobeam]], ingkang boten saking garis Daud, dados ratu. Karajan utara lajeng dipuntepang kaliyan [[Karajan Israèl]] utawi Israèl. Pemberontakan kadadosan ing [[Sikhem]], lan [[suku Yehuda]] punika ingkang kasisa kawiwitan ingkang nampi Kulawarga [[Daud]]. Lajeng, sasampunipun [[suku Benyamin]] gabung kaliyan Yehuda, [[Yerusalem]] (ingkang manggèn ing teritori Benyamin: {{ayat|Yosua|18|28}}) dados kutha krajan kraton énggal mau. Karajan kidul dipunsebat kaliyan kraton Yehuda utawi Yehuda. {{ayat|2 Tawarikh|15|9}} juga menyebutkan bahwa anggota suku-suku [[suku Efraim|Efraim]], [[suku Manasye|Manasye]], lan [[suku Simeon|Simeon]] "melarikan diri" ing Yehuda ngantos papréntahan [[Asa saking Yehuda]]. Raja [[Hizkia]] saking Yehuda (727-698 SM) ing Alkitab dipunsebataken dados pemrakarsa pembaharuan ingkang maksa ukum Yahudi nolak [[pemberhalaan]] (ing hal punika, penyembahan kaliyan [[Ba'al]]im and [[Asyera]] ing antawisipun déwa-déwa tradhisional Timur Dekat). <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://scholar.cc.emory.edu/scripts/ASOR/BA/Borowski.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-02-21 |archive-date=1997-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970723115326/http://scholar.cc.emory.edu/scripts/ASOR/BA/Borowski.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{ayat|2 Raja-ratu|18|20}}</ref> Ngantos kekuasaanipun ugi tanggal [[inskripsi Siloam]] ing [[alfabet Fenisia|alfabet Ibrani Lama]]. Ing papréntahan ratu [[Yosia]] (640-609 SM) kadadosan reformasi agami. Miturut Alkitab, saat pemulihan dipunlampahi ing Kuil, sebuah 'Kitab Hukum' kapanggih (kemungkinan [[Kitab Ulangan]]).<ref>[http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/gerald_larue/otll/chap19.html] Deleng uga {{ayat|1 Raja-ratu|13}}, {{ayat|2 Raja-ratu|22|23|passage=y}}, {{ayat|2 Tawarikh|34|35}}</ref> Ing 586 SM, bangsa Babilonia, ing ngandap ratu [[Nebukadnezar II saking Babilonia|Nebukadnezar II]], ngepung Yerusalem. [[Kuil Pertama]] dipunhancuraken makaten ugi kutha Yerusalem. Ngantos ing wanci punika, penghancurkan dipunperingati déning tiyang Yahudo ing 9 ''Abib'', utawi ''[[Tisya B'Ab]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jajz-ed.org.il/festivls/9avrka.html |title=The Jewish Agency For Israèl Homepage<!--Bot-generated title--> |access-date=2013-02-21 |archive-date=2001-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011008235144/http://www.jajz-ed.org.il/festivls/9avrka.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nabi-nabi Yehuda == * [[Amos]], mbabar ing Yehuda nanging berdakwah ing Israèl * [[Habakuk]] * [[Mikha]] * [[Obaja]] * [[Yoël]] * [[Yeremia]] * [[Yesaya]], keponakan ratu Uzia * [[Zakharia (nabi Ibrani)|Zakharia]] * [[Zefanya]] == Raja-ratu Yehuda == [[Gambar:Genealogy of the kings of Israèl and Judah.png|thumb|400px|left|Genalogi ratu-ratu Yehuda & ratu-ratu Israèl.]]{{clear}} Kangge kalamangsa-kalamangsa punika, kathah sejarawan ndhèrèk kronologi lami ingkang dipuntetapaken [[William F. Albright]] utawi [[Edwin R. Thiele]], utawi kronologi énggal déning [[Gershon Galil]] utawi [[Kenneth Kitchen]], sadaya dipunpaparaken ing ngandap punika. Sedayanipun [[Sakderenge Masehi]] (SM).== Deleng uga == * [[Karajan Israèl]] == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.dinur.org/1.html?rsID=219 The Jewish History Resource Center] Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080913153043/http://www.complete-bible-genealogy.com/judah_israel_kings.htm Complete Bible Genealogy] A synchronized chart of the kings of Judah and Israèl {{Raja Israèl}} [[Kategori:Sajarah Israèl kuna| ]] [[Kategori:Bekas kraton di Asia|Yehuda, Karajan]] [[Kategori:Bekas Teokrasi]] [[Kategori:Komunitas Yahudi dalam sajarah]] [[Kategori:Komunitas Knanaya]] [[Kategori:Nagara dan teritori yang ditetapkan di abad kaping 10 SM]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lama]] 48jeh7hip9oqwuh4ucy6047flug3uv1 João Bernardo Vieira 0 98220 1760082 1643895 2026-11-06T00:55:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox President | name = João Bernardo Vieira | image = João Bernardo Vieira.jpg | order = [[Présidhèn Guinea-Bissau]] | primeminister = [[Carlos Gomes Júnior|Carlos Gomes]]<br />[[Aristides Gomes]]<br />[[Martinho Ndafa Kabi]]<br />[[Carlos Correia]]<br />[[Carlos Gomes Júnior|Carlos Gomes]] | term_start = [[1 Oktober]] [[2005]] | term_end = [[2 Maret]] [[2009]] | predecessor = [[Henrique Rosa]] <small>(Acting)</small> | successor = [[Raimundo Pereira]] <small>(Acting)</small> | term_start2 = [[16 Mèi]] [[1984]] | term_end2 = [[7 Mèi]] [[1999]] | predecessor2 = [[Carmen Pereira]] | successor2 = [[Ansumane Mané]] | primeminister3 = [[Victor Saúde Maria]] | term_start3 = [[14 November]] [[1980]] | term_end3 = [[14 Mèi]] [[1984]] | predecessor3 = [[Luís de Almeida Cabral]] | successor3 = [[Carmen Pereira]] | order4 = [[Mahamantri Guinea-Bissau]] | president4 = [[Luís de Almeida Cabral]] | term_start4 = [[28 September]] [[1978]] | term_end4 = [[14 November]] [[1980]] | predecessor4 = [[Constantino Teixeira]] | successor4 = [[Victor Saúde Maria]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1939|4|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Bissau]], [[Portuguese Guinea]] | death_date = {{dda|2009|3|2|1939|4|27|df=y}} | death_place = [[Bissau]], [[Guinea-Bissau]] | party = [[Independen (pulitikus)|Independen]] | spouse = [[Isabella Viera]]<ref name=voa>{{cite news|first=Brent|last=Latham|title=Guinea-Bissau President Vieira Leaves Legacy of Violence, Instability|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-03-02-voa33.cfm|work=[[Voice of America]]|publisher=|date=2009-03-02|accessdate=2009-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304123303/http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-03-02-voa33.cfm|archivedate=2009-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} '''João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira''' ({{lahirmati|[[Bissau]]|27|4|1939||2|3|2009}}) ya iku [[Présidhèn]] [[Guinea-Bissau]] awit [[1 Oktober]] [[2005]] nganti mati dipateni angkatan bersenjata Guinea-Bissau nalika 2 Maret 2009. Vieira balik mudun marang dunya pulitik nalika pertengahan [[2005]] kanti menangi [[pemilu présidhèn Guinea-Bissau, 2005|pemilu présidhèn]] amung enem taun skwise digulingaké sajeroning salah sijiné [[Perang Saudara Guinea-Bissau|perang saudara]] kang ngakhiri kekuasaané suwéné 19 taun. == Biografi == Vieira awalé sianu minangka pawonga [[ahli listrik]], banjur dhèwèké gabung karo [[Parté Afrika]] kanggo Kemerdekaan Guinea lan Tanjung Hijau (PAIGC) kang kabawah [[Amilcar Cabral]] nalika [[1960]] lan langsung dadi juru main utama sajeroning [[perang gerilya]] ing nagara iku nglawan kekuasaan [[kolonial]] [[Portugal]]. Sawentara perang selot panas, Vieira ngatinake kecakapan kang dhuwur minangka pemimpin militèr lan langsung munggah pangkat. Déwéké dikenal déning kanca-kancané minangka "Nino" lan jeneng iki tetep dadi ''[[nom de guerre]]'' (sesinglon sajrone perang)é suwéné perjuangan. Sawisé pemilu dewan regional kang dianakaké nalika akir [[1972]] ing laladan-laladan kang dikuasai déning PAIGC, yang nyebapaké dibentuké salah sijiné dewan konstituensi, Vieira ditunjuk minangka présidhèn Dewan Rakyat Nasional. Nalika [[28 September]] [[1978]], dhèwèké ditunjuk minangka [[Kepala Papréntahan Guinea-Bissau|Mahamantri Guinea-Bissau]]. Nalika 1980, kondisi ékonomi wis mudun banget saéngga nyebapaké ora puasé rakyat tumrap pamaréntah. Nalika [[14 November]] [[1980]], Vieira nggulingaké papréntahan [[Luís Cabral]] sajron ésalah sijiné kudeta militèr. Konstitusi dibekukaké, lan salah sijiné Dewan Revolusi militèr kanti 9 anggota diwangun, kanti Vieira minangka ketuané. Nalika [[1984]], salah sijiné konstutisi anyar disetujoni lan balikaké nagara iku marang papréntahan sipil. nalika awal 1990-an, Guinea-Bissau, kaya akèh nagara ing [[Afrika Sub-Sahara]] malih marang [[dhémokrasi]] [[multiparté]]. Larangan pambentukan parté pulitik dihapus nalika [[1991]] lan pemilu anakakè nalika [[1994]]. Sajronè putaran pertama pemilu présidhèn kang dianakakè nalika [[3 Juli]], Vieira éntuk 46,2% suwara ketimbang 7 calon liyané. Vieira manggoni panggonan pertama, nannging gagal éntuk suwara mayoritas kang dibutuhaké. Amerga iku dhèwèké maju marang putaran kapindho nalika [[7 Agustus]]. Déwéké éntuk 52,02% suwara katimbang karo 47,98% kang diéntuki [[Kumba Ialá|Kumba Yalá]], pawongan bekas dhosèn filsafat lan kandidat saka [[Parté Pembaruan Sosial (Guinea-Bissau)|Parté Pembaruan Sosial]] (PRS). Para pengamat internasional nganggep kaloro putaran iku lumrahé bébas lan adil. Vieira disumpah minangka Présidhèn Guinea-Bissau kang pertama kali dipilih kanthi dhémokratis nalika [[29 September]] [[1994]]. Sawisé usaha kudeta kang gagal kanggo nggulingaké pamaréntah nalika Juni [[1998]], nagara iku dilanda [[Perang Saudara Guinea-Bissau|perang saudara]] kang singkat nanging akèh ngetokaké getih natarané wadyabala-wadyabala kang setia marang Vieira lan dhèwèké kang setia marang pemimpin pambrontak [[Ansumane Mané]]. Kaum pambrontak akhiré nggulingaké papréntahan João Vieira nalika [[7 Mèi]] [[1999]]. Vieira golèk perlindungan ing kedutaan besar Portugal lan belakangan lunga saka nagara iku.<ref name="test">[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/mar/02/guinea-bissau-president guinea-bissau-president], (Kaunduh 24/2/13).</ref> == Karier == * Komisioner Pulitik & Panglima Militer Region Catió ([[1961]]) * Komandan militèr Front Selatan ([[1964]]) * Anggota Biro Pulitik PAIGC ([[1964]] – [[1965]]) * Wakil Présidhèn Dewan Perang PAIGC ([[1965]] – [[1967]]) * Utusan Biro Pulitik Front Selatan ([[1967]] – [[1970]]) * Anggota Komisi Eksekutif Dewan Perang PAIGC ([[1970]] – [[1971]]) * Anggota Sekretariat Tetap PAIGC ([[1973]] – ????) * Ditunjuk menjadi Wakil Sekjen PAIGC pada [[1973]] * Présidhèn Dewan Nasional Rakyat ([[1973]] – [[1978]]) * Mahamantri ([[28 September]] [[1978]] – [[14 November]] [[1980]]) * Ketua Dewan Revolusi ([[14 November]] [[1980]] – [[14 Mèi]] [[1984]]) * Ketua Dewan Nagara ([[16 Mèi]] [[1984]] – [[29 September]] [[1994]]) * Présidhèn Guinea-Bissau ([[29 September]] [[1994]] - [[7 Mèi]] [[1999]]) * Présidhèn Guinea-Bissau ([[1 Oktober]] [[2005]] - [[2 Maret]] [[2009]]) == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} {{start box}} {{succession box| before=[[Constantino Teixeira]]|title=[[Mahamantri Guinea Bissau|Kepala Papréntahan Guinea-Bissau]]|years=[[1978]]-[[1980]]|after=Jabatan dihapuskan}} {{succession box| before=[[Luís Cabral]]|title=[[Présidhèn Guinea-Bissau]]|years=[[1980]]-[[1984]]|after=[[Carmen Pereira]]}} {{succession box| before=[[Carmen Pereira]]|title=[[Présidhèn Guinea-Bissau]]|years=[[1984]]-[[1999]]|after=[[Ansumane Mané]]}} {{succession box| before=[[Henrique Rosa]]|title=[[Présidhèn Guinea-Bissau]]|years=[[2005]]-[[2009]]|after=[[Raimundo Pereira]]}} {{end box}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vieira, João Bernardo}} [[Kategori:Présidhèn Guinea-Bissau]] [[Kategori:Tokoh yang dibunuh]] [[Kategori:Lair 1939]] emgca09tlle5j0p5ax78y693t7pb7k3 Konnyaku 0 98404 1760188 1724251 2026-11-06T06:34:00Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name = Konnyaku |image = |image_caption = Struktur generatif ''A. konjac'' |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Monocots]] | ordo = [[Alismatales]] |familia = [[Araceae]] |subfamilia = [[Aroideae]] |tribus = [[Thomsonieae]] |genus = ''[[Amorphophallus]]'' |species = '''''A. konjac''''' |binomial = ''Amorphophallus konjac'' |binomial_authority = [[Karl Heinrich Koch|K. Koch]] |synonyms = ''A. rivieri'' |}} '''Konnyaku''' (''Amorphophallus konjac''; [[Basa Inggris]]: ''konjac''; [[Basa Jepang|Jepang]]: 蒟蒻/菎蒻; こんにゃく; ''konnyaku''; {{lang-ko|곤약}}; ''gonyak''; {{zh|c=蒟蒻|p=jǔ ruò}}) punika jinising tuwuhan uwi-uwinan kanthi anggota [[génus]] ''[[Amorphophallus]]'' ingkang tuwuh ing ing laladan subtropis ingkang anget dumugi laladan tropis kados ing [[Asia]] Wétan, [[Jepang]], [[Cina]] kidul dumugi ing [[Indonesia]]. Sebatan sanèsipun wonten ing basa asing inggih punika '''konjak''', '''konjaku''', ''devil's tongue'', uatwi ''elephant foot yam'' (sanajan nama pungkasan punika kanggé suweg ''[[Amorphophallus paeoniifolius|A. paeoniifolius]]'') Konnyaku kalebet tuwuhan taunan ingkang tuwuh saking uwi ageng kanthi diameter 25&nbsp;cm. Uwi punika modifikasi saking awaking wit. Godhongipun mawi ukuran 1,3 m saking pangkal, menyirip, lan kapérang dados manéka ''selebaran''. [[Kembang|Sekaripun]] dipundamel ing [[seludang sekar]] (''spatha'') ingkang dipunjagi déning selembar godhong (braktea) kanthi warna ungu peteng mawi ukuran dumugi 55&nbsp;cm. == Sajarah == Konnyaku kapisan dipuntepangaken déning bangsa [[Jepang]] minangka [[obat|jampi]] nalika abad kaping lan sampun dados [[panganan|dhaharan]] padintenan kirang langkung 1500 taun. == Mupangat lan budidaya == [[Gambar:Konnyaku.jpg|thumb|left|Konnyaku [[gel]]]] [[Gambar:Sashimi konnyaku by woinary Ueda, Nagano.jpg|180px|thumb|right|[[Sashimi]] konnyaku.]] Konnyaku punika tuwuh wonten ing [[India]], [[Cina]], [[Jepang]], lan [[Koréa]]. [[Uwi]]nipun ngandhut kathah [[pati]] ingkang dipundamel [[glepung]] lan [[jeli]] kanthi nama ingkang sami. Prouk punika déning para ''vegetarian'' dados gantosipun [[gelatin]]. Konnyaku Jepang dipundamel kanthi cara nyampur glepung konjak kaliyan [[toya]] lan [[toya kapur]]. [[Hijiki]] asring dipuntambahaken minangka karakterisitik warna peteng lan raos. Tanpa aditif kanggé warna, konnyaku punika putih pucet. Lajeng dipungodhog lan dipundhemake kanggé damel rasa sansaya kuwat. Konnyaku dipundamel kanthi wujud [[mi]] punika dipunsebat '''shirataki''' (pirsani [[mi shirataki]]) lan dipun-ginakaken wonten ing dhaharan kados [[sukiyaki]] lan [[gyudon]]. Konnyaku dipun''konsumsi'' ing wewengkon provinsi [[Sichuan]] Cina; ingkang uwi ''moyu'' dipunsebat(魔芋, utawi ''keladi setan''), lan jeli dipunsebat "tahu konnyaku" (魔芋豆腐 ''moyu doufu'') utawi "salju konnyaku" (雪 魔芋 ''xue moyu''). Uwi garing saking tuwuhan konnyaku punika ngandhut kirang langkung 40% [[glukomannan]]. Punika [[polisakarida]] damel jeli konnyaku ''[[viskositas|kenyal]]'' sanget. Konnyaku punika mawi serat ingkang inggil lan boten wonten kandhutan [[kalori]] Awit saking punika, konnyaku asring dipun-ginakaken minangka dhaharan tiyang ingkang nembé ''diet'' <ref name="konnyaku1">[http://www.oktomagazine.com/oktolifestyle/food_resto/2709/konyaku.menyapu.saluran.cerna Konyaku Menyapu Saluran Cerna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713050210/http://www.oktomagazine.com/oktolifestyle/food_resto/2709/konyaku.menyapu.saluran.cerna |date=2012-07-13 }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 2 Maret 2013)</ref>. Manawi konnyaku mawi bahan dhasar alami saking uwi tuwuhan konnyaku, [[ager-ager]] dipundamel saking [[rumput laut]]. Sabajan gadhah kandhutan serat ingkang sami, tekstur konnyaku langkung ''kenyal katandingaken kaliyan agèr-agèr. === Cara damel konnyaku === Prosès anggènipun damel konnyaku murni, gampil lan boten ngasilaken polusi. Uwi konnyaku dipunkumbah lajeng dipuntugel-tugel. Bibar punika uwi mau dipunpépé dumugi garing lajeng dipuntutu dumugi alus dados [[glepung]]. Tepung punika lajeng dipuncampur kaliyan toya lan dipunudhak. Sasampunipun dipunudhak dumugi rata, konnyaku dipunlebetaken ing cithakan lan dipungodhog. Wonten ing [[masakan Jepang]], konnyaku medal wonten ing sajian kados ''[[Oden]]''. === Asiling panalitèn === Konnyaku punika kalebet [[panganan|dhaharan]] alami ingkang ngandhut [[toya]] (97%) lan glukomanan utawi serat dhaharan. (3%) Konnyaku ugi kathah [[mineral]] lan andhap [[kalori]]. Konnyaku ugi boten ngandhut [[lemak]] <ref name="konnyaku2">[http://www.shape-indonesia.com/?q=node/158 Manfaat Konnyaku] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211154/http://www.shape-indonesia.com/?q=node/158 |date=2016-03-04 }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 2 Maret 2013)</ref>. Satunggaling studi nedahaken bilih konnyaku saged mbiyantu njagi kasarasan. Konnyaku boten saged dipuncerna déning sistem pancernaan, awit saking punika konnyaku ingkang kenyal punika saged mbiyantu ngresiki regedan saking sisa-sisa dhaharan ingkang wonten ing sajeroning [[usus]] ageng saéngga nyingkiri ''sembelit''.tidak dapat mudah mengalami [[sembelit]]. == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njawi == {{commons|Amorphophallus konjac}} {{commons|Category:Konnyaku}} * [http://www.shakespeare-w.com/english/konnyaku/index.html Konnyaku: Sebuah Makanan Tradisional Asal Sehat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302194747/http://www.shakespeare-w.com/english/konnyaku/index.html |date=2021-03-02 }} * [http://www.konjacfoods.com/konjac.htm Bagaimana caranya membuat konnyaku (mie shirataki atau konnyaku)] * [http://www.berani.co.id/Artikel_Detail.aspx?ID=2282&URLView=Arsip_Laporan_Khusus.aspx Konnyaku, Makanan Kaya Serat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100224043522/http://www.berani.co.id/Artikel_Detail.aspx?ID=2282&URLView=Arsip_Laporan_Khusus.aspx |date=2010-02-24 }} [[Kategori:Araceae]] [[Kategori:Tetuwuhan]] [[Kategori:Obat alternatif]] tgwlq4d71q51a9u3flzg15c5mf1opui Diosdado Macapagal 0 98504 1759911 1676985 2026-11-05T15:19:03Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox President | name = Diosdado Macapagal | image = Diosdado Macapagal USS Oklahoma City 1962 cropped.jpg | order = [[Présidhèn Filipina|Présidhèn Filipina ke-9]] | term_start = [[30]] [[Dhésèmber]] [[1961]] | term_end = [[30]] [[Dhésèmber]] [[1965]] | vicepresident = [[Emmanuel Pelaez]] (1961-1965) | predecessor = [[Carlos P. Garcia|Carlos Garcia]] | successor = [[Ferdinand Marcos]] | order2 = [[Wakil Présidhèn Filipina|Wakil Présidhèn Filipina ke-6]] | term_start2 = 30 Dhésèmber [[1957]] | term_end2 = 30 Dhésèmber [[1961]] | president2 = [[Carlos P. Garcia|Carlos Garcia]] | predecessor2 = [[Fernando Lopez]] | successor2 = [[Emmanuel Pelaez]] | order3 = [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Filipina|Anggota DPR]] dari [[Pampanga]] di disrik [[Distrik Legislatif Papanga|1]] | term_start3 = 1947 | term_end3 = 1957 | predecessor3 = [[Amado Yuzon]] | successor3 = [[Francisco Nepomuceno]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1910|9|28|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Lubao, Pampanga|Lubao]], [[Sajarah Filipina (1898–1946)|Filipina]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1997|4|21|1910|9|28|mf=y}} | death_place = [[Makati|Makati City]], [[Filipina]] | party = [[Parté Liberal (Filipina)|Parté Liberal]] | spouse = Purita de la Rosa <small>(1938–1943)</small><br />[[Eva Macapagal|Eva Macaraeg]] <small>(1946–1996)</small> | children = Cielo<br />Arturo<br />[[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo|Gloria]]<br />Diosdado | alma_mater = [[Universitas Filipina]]<br />[[Universitas Santo Tomas]] | profession = [[Pengacara]]<br />[[Profesor]] | religion = [[Katolik Roma]] | signature = Macapagal_Sig.png |}} '''Diosdado Pangan Macapagal''' ({{lahirmati|[[Lubao, Pampanga|Lubao]], [[Pampanga]] |28|9|1910| [[Makati City]], [[Metro Manila]]|21|4|1997}}) inggih punika pulitikus Filipina. Piyambakipun njabat minangka [[Présidhèn]] [[Filipina]] ingkang kaing 9 lan présidhèn kaping 5 saking républik katiga. Piyambakipun kapilih wonten ing taun [[1961]] saperlu nggantosaken Présidhèn [[Carlos P. Garcia]]. Jabatanipun pungkasan wonten ing taun [[1965]] nalika dipunasoraken déning Présidhèn [[Ferdinand Marcos]]. Piyambakipun jejuluk "Tiyang Jujur" ''(The Incorruptable)''. Présidhèn [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] ingkang njabat minangka Présidhèn Filipina wiwit taun [[2001]] minangka putri saking garwanipun ingkang angka 2.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/139/000098842/</ref> == Wiwitan gesang lan karier == Macapagal niyos wonten ing [[Lubao, Pampanga|Lubao]], [[Pampanga]] saking satunggaling kulawarga miskin, Urbano Macapagal lan Romana Pangan. Piyambakipun lulus paling apik saking SD Lubao lan lulus angka 2 paling apik saking SMA Pampanga. Éwadéné kulawarganipun miskin, jalaran pambiyantu saking Mantri Dalam Negeri nalika punika [[Honorario Ventura]], piyambakipun sinau ngèlmu hukum wonten ing [[Universitas Santo Tomas]]. Piyambakipun kasil pikantuk gelar Dhoktor wonten ing Hukum Sipil lan [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] wonten ing [[ngèlmu ékonomi]] wonten ing universitas ingkang sami. Piyambakipun pikantuk gelar hukumipun nalika taun [[1936]]. Piyambakipun lajeng nyambt damel minangka [[pengacara]] kanggé sawijining parusahan Amérika wonten ing [[Manila]] lan dados asisten hukum Présidhèn [[Manuel L. Quezon]]. Wonten ing masa pendudukan [[Jepang]] sadanguning Perang Donya II, Macapagal mbiyantu ékan-ékan anti [[Jepang]] lan dados penghubung intelijen kaliyan gerilyawan AS. Nalika wekdal punika garwa ingkang angka 1 séda amargi kekirangan gizi. Piyambakipun lajeng palakrama kaliyan Evangelina Macaraeg, ibu saking Présidhèn [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]].<ref>http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Diosdado_Macapagal.aspx</ref> Wonten ing taun [[1948]], piyambakipun dados sekretaris 2 wonten ing Kedutaan [[Filipina]] wonten ing [[Washington, DC]]. Wonten ing taun [[1949]], piyambakipun kapilih minangka anggota Dewan Perwakilan lan njabat dumugi [[1956]]. Nalika wekdal punika ugi piyambakipun kaping 3 kapilih dados wakil [[Filipina]] wonten [[Majelis Umum]] [[Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa]] Wonten ing taun [[1957]], minangka anggota [[Parté Liberal (Filipina)|Parté Liberal]], piyambakipun dados wakil présidhèn wonten ing sangandhaping Présidhèn [[Carlos Garcia]] saking [[Parté Nacionalista (Filipina)|Parté Nacionalista]]. == Kepresidenan == [[Gambar:Ph_pres_macapagal.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Potret resmi Présidhèn Macapagal ingkang dipunmedalaken déning pura Malacañang]] Macapagal kapilih minangka présidhèn nalika taun [[1961]] déning sawijining [[Papréntahan koalisi|koalisi]] antawising [[Parté Liberal(Filipina)|liberal]] lan [[Parté Progresif (Filipina)|progresif]], sarta ngasoraken upaya pamilihan malih [[Carlos P. Garcia]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~camiling/bio/bios.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230145500/http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~camiling/bio/bios.htm |archive-date=2012-12-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Piyambakipun musataken kawigatosanipun bab upaya-upaya mbesmi korupsi wonten ing papréntahan. Wonten ing upayanipun kanggé ngrangsang perkembangan èkonomi, piyambakipun pikantuk nasihat saking pendukung-pendukungipun ingkang sugih lan ngenengaken [[peso Filipina|mata uang peso]] Filipina ngambang kanthi ndhèrèkaken pasar pertukaran valuta. Kawicaksanan punika nguras jutaan peso saben taunipun saking perbendaharaan nagara sadanguning masa pamarèntahanipun. Upaya-upaya pembaruanipun dipunhalangi déning [[Parté Nacionalista (Filipina)|Nacionalista]], ingkang ndominasi Dewan Perwakilan lan Senat nalika punika. Nanging makaten, rata-rata tingkat tuwuhipun [[Produk Domestik Bruto|PDB]] wonten ing masa kepresidenan Macapagal inggih punika 5,15%. == Uga delengen == * [[Sajarah Filipina (1946-1965)]] '''Setelah nama Diosdado Macapagal:''' * [[Papan Anggegana Internasional Diosdado Macapagal]] * [[Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard]] == Pranala NJaba == * [http://www.pangulo.ph The Philippine Presidency Project] * [http://www.macapagal.com/dm/ Diosdado Macapagal tribute] == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} * {{cite book | author=Zaide, Gregorio F. | title=Philippine History and Government|publisher=National Bookstore Printing Press |year=1984}} {{s-start}} {{s-par|ph}} {{s-bef|before=[[Amado Yuzon]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Filipina|Anggota DPR]] saking [[Pampanga]] ing disrik [[Distrik Legislatif Papanga|1]]|years=1947–1957}} {{s-aft|after=[[Francisco Nepomuceno]]}} |- {{s-off}} {{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Carlos P. Garcia|Carlos Garcia]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Wakil Présidhèn Filipina]]|years=1957–1961}} {{s-aft|after=[[Emmanuel Pelaez]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Présidhèn Filipina]]|years=1961–1965}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ferdinand Marcos]]}} |- {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=[[Eugenio Perez]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Parté Liberal (Filipina)|Présidhèn Parté Liberal]]|years=1957–1961}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ferdinand Marcos]]}} {{s-end}} {{Présidhèn Filipina}} [[Kategori:Lair 1910]] [[Kategori:Pati 1997]] [[Kategori:Tokoh anti kuminis|Macapagal, Diosdado]] [[Kategori:Pulitikus Filipina|Macapagal, Diosdado]] [[Kategori:Kandidat Présidèn Filipina|Macapagal, Diosdado]] [[Kategori:Sénator Filipina|Macapagal, Diosdado]] [[Kategori:Présidèn Filipina]] i42bklhbk665xvtft05s1pdkgx4yd9a Melody Nurramdhani Laksani 0 98532 1760274 1675518 2026-11-06T11:11:16Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox penyanyi indonesia | Name = Melody Nurramdhani Laksani | Image = Melody nurramdhani laksani tim J.jpg | Image capt = Anggota Tahap Kapisan JKT48 | Landscape = | Background = penyanyi piyambak | Birth_name = Melody Nurramdhani Laksani | Alias = Melody | Born = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1992|3|24}}<br />[[Jakarta]], [[Indonésia]] | Instrument = [[Vokal]] | Genre = [[Jpop]] | Occupation = [[penyanyi]], [[Tari|penari]] | Years_active = 2011 – saiki | Associated_acts = [[JKT48]], [[Frieska Anastasia Laksani|Frieska]] | Label = JKT Official Team | URL = {{URL|http://www.jkt48.com/}} [[Gambar:Melody nurramdhani laksani tim J.jpg|bing|ki|melody nurramdhani laksani tim J]] }} [[Gambar:Melody nurramdhani laksani tim J.jpg|bing|ka|melody nurramdhani laksani tim J]] {{nihongo|'''Melody Nurramdhani Laksani'''|前嶋美歩}}({{lahirmati||24|3|1992}}) Utawa akrab diceluki Melody iki salah siji anggota JKT48 saka [[Bandung]], Indonésia. Saiki Melody isih mengku kuliah ing pawiyatan luhur [[Universitas Padjadjaran]]. Melody iki kakak saka [[Frieska Anastasia Laksani|Frieska]] sing uga padha anggota JKT48 sing kalebu Tim J. == Biografi == Melody iku anggota tahap kapisan JKT48, saiki kelebu Tim J JKT48. Melody iki center JKT48 sing dipelokakè ing salah siji ''single'' ke-25 [[AKB48]] sarta 'Special Girl A' sing judhulé ''New Ship'' wulan Fèbruari 2012. Melody uga kapilih dadi anggota Special Girl A sing nembangaké tembang "new Ship" saka single AKB48, "''Give me Five!''". Tembang "New Ship" ya iku tembang kaping telu saka Tingle tipe A. Single iku uga dipelokaké DVD sing antarané berisi video musik "New Ship". Melody peran dadi siswi pindahan ing sekolah menengah atas Jepang. Posisiné iku doble center, nembang ing nirwa ngarep kaliyan [[Jurina Matsui]] saka [[SKE48]]. Melody kapilih dados 'Perempuan Terpopuler 2012' saka survèy popularitas akir taun sing dianakaké portal Beritagar.com<ref name="Beritagar.com">[http://beritagar.id/artikel/seni-hiburan/perempuan-terpopuler-2012-melody-jkt48-2751 Perempuan terpopuler 2012: Melody JKT48] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721221303/https://beritagar.id/artikel/seni-hiburan/perempuan-terpopuler-2012-melody-jkt48-2751 |date=2019-07-21 }}, Beritagar. Diakses ing tanggal 1 Januari 2013.</ref>. Ing Survèy iku, saka 7.746 partisipan 6.817 orang (88,01%) milih Melody sebagai figur sing mempresentasikan tetembungan 'erempuan indonesia 2012'. ing kasil survèy iki, Melody melampaui punjul siji nominator,antarané Maudy Ayunda, Nikita Mirzani, Atiqah Hasiholan lan Angelina Sondakh. == Penampilan == === Indonésia === * Konser ''live'' pradebut kanggo program musik [[100% Ampuh]] [[Global TV]], Bekasi Square, 17 Dhésèmber 2011 * Peluncuran video musik "[[Heavy Rotation (video musik JKT48)|Heavy Rotation]]", fx Center, Jakarta.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribunnews.com/2012/01/15/jkt-48-rilis-video-musik-perdananya |title=JKT 48 Rilis Video Musik Perdananya |author= |date= |work= |publisher=Tribunnews.com |accessdate=16 January 2012}}.</ref> * Konser ''live'' debut kanggo program musik [[Inbox]] [[SCTV]], 26 Januari 2012 * [[I-Pop]] [[SCTV]] (28 Januari 2012) * Penampilan kaliyan AKB48 ing [[Dahsyat]] [[RCTI]] (25 Fèbruari 2012) * [[100% Ampuh]] [[Global TV]] (29 Januari 2012 dan 10 Maret 2012) * Mega Konser JKT48 ing [[RCTI]] (17 Juli 2012) ==== Iklan televisi ==== * [[Pocari Sweat]] * [[Rakuten]] * [[Laurier]] * [[Yamaha]] [[Mio-J]] * [[Biore]] ==== THEATER ==== Team Kenkyuusei Generasi 1 "Pajama Drive" * Temodemo No Namida * Kagami no naka no jean D'arc Team J 1st Stage "Renai Kinshi Jourei" * "Kuroi Tenshi" ==== Meet & Greet ==== * Meet & Greet JKT48, [[fx Center]], Jakarta<ref name=berita>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jkt48.com/news-id.html#top |title=JKT48 Berita Terbaru |access-date=2013-03-06 |archive-date=2012-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512023909/http://www.jkt48.com/news-id.html#top |url-status=deviated |archivedate=2012-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512023909/http://www.jkt48.com/news-id.html#top }}</ref> ==== Publikasi ==== * The 1st Official Guide Book "LOVE JKT48" === Jepang === ==== Konser ==== * AKB48 Kōhaku Taikō Uta Gassen ([[20 Dhésèmber]] [[2011]], [[Tokyo Dome City Hall]]), 16 anggota * ''[[Encore (konser)|Encore]]'' pada hari kedua konser ''AKB48 Request Hour Setlist Best 100 2012'' ([[20 Januari]] [[2012]], Tokyo Dome City Hall,), 12 anggota<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scramble-egg.com/artist/akb48/166setlist2012_2.htm |title=AKB48 リクエストアワー セットリストベスト100 2012(2日目) |author= |date=2012-01-21 |work= |publisher=Scramble Egg |accessdate=23 January 2012 |language=Jepang}}</ref> ==== Televisi ==== * [[Morita Kazuyoshi]] Hour, [[Waratte Iitomo!]] ([[21 Dhésèmber]] [[2011]], [[Fuji TV]]) * ''[[Seyanen!]]'' Ōmisoka RokeSP (Kettei! Ima Kore Mite Hoshii Taisho!), [[31 Dhésèmber]] [[2011]], [[Mainichi Broadcasting System|MBS]], wewengkon tayang Kansai dan sekitarnya * [[NHK]] [[Kōhaku Uta Gassen]] ([[31 Dhésèmber]] [[2011]]) ====Majalah==== == Diskografi == '''KALIYAN JKT48''' * "Heavy Rotation (Indonésia version)", [[video musik]], 14 Januari 2012 '''KALIYAN AKB48''' kalebu ing tembang "Give Me Five!" * "New Ship" (bareng Special Girls A) == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.jkt48.com/memberlist-id.html Profil resmi JKT48] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919220625/http://jkt48.com/memberlist-id.html |date=2012-09-19 }} * [https://www.facebook.com/melodyJKT48 Facebook resmi Melody Nurramdhani Laksani] * [https://twitter.com/melodyJKT48 Twitter resmi Melody Nurramdhani Laksani] * [https://plus.google.com/103342573267763172642/posts Akun G+ resmi Melody Nurramdhani Laksani] {{JKT48}} [[Kategori:Anggota JKT48]] [[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonésia]] nsl5iryy89dl2a1z79zzfrn8kbsvwh7 DARwIn-OP 0 98544 1759895 1757292 2026-11-05T13:43:31Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:DARwIn-OP.jpg|250px|bing|ka|DARwIn-OP saka ROBOTIS manufacture]] '''DARwIn-OP''' iku robot sing jenengé saka singkatan Dynamic Anthropomorphic Robot with Intelligence–Open Platform, DARwIn-OP iki salah sawijining robot jinising Humanoid sing nganggo tenaga kumputasi canggih, [[Sènsor]] canggih, payload sing kapasitasè luwih gedhi, lan gubahan sing luwih prigel dikembangaké saka manufaktur Robot [[Koréa]]n ya iku '''ROBOTIS'''<ref>[http://www.robotis.com ::: Robotis :::]</ref> saka kolaborasi karo [[Virginia Tech]], [[Purdue University]], lan [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.robotis.com/xe/darwin_en |title=::: DARwIn-OP ::: |access-date=2013-03-07 |archive-date=2013-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401172826/http://www.robotis.com/xe/darwin_en |url-status=dead }}</ref>. DARwIn-OP iki digawé saka 20 [[Dynamixel]] MX-28<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://support.robotis.com/en/product/dxl_main.htm |title=AX-12A, AX-18A, RX-24F, RX-28, RX-64, EX-106+, MX-28) |access-date=2013-03-07 |archive-date=2012-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426045249/http://support.robotis.com/en/product/dxl_main.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> jaringan aktuator performa dhuwur, karo [[Stall Torque]] 24Kgf.cm ( kanggo 12V, 1.5A). Servo MX-28 iki duwé contactless absolute encoder (panggubah sistem tetep), resolusi 12bit, lan 360 drajat jangkauan lan super-durability (daya tahan dhuwur). MX-28 kétoké padha karo RX-28, nanging ing njeroning piranti iki, produk iki kabèh produk anyar. DARwIn-OP fungsiné kanggo risèt lan programing ing ranah [[Humanoid]], [[Kacerdhasan gawéan]], [[gait]] algorithm, vision<ref>{{cite web |author=Sandeep Rai / Jun 22 2011 |url=http://www.gizmowatch.com/entry/darwin-robot-to-assist-disabled-by-tracking-their-eye-movement/ |title=DARWiN robot to assist disabled by tracking their eye movement |publisher=Gizmowatch.com |date=2011-06-22 |accessdate=2011-12-27 |archive-date=2012-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426072551/http://www.gizmowatch.com/entry/darwin-robot-to-assist-disabled-by-tracking-their-eye-movement/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>, [[Invers kinematik]], [[Linguistik]] lan liya-liyané.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/diy/darwinop-learning-to-play-ddr |title=Darwin-OP Learns To Play Dance Dance Revolution - IEEE Spectrum |publisher=Spectrum.ieee.org |date= |accessdate=2011-12-27}}</ref> iki uga disupport $1.2 milyar NFS Grant<ref name="forbes1">{{cite web |url=http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2011/0523/technology-hong-romela-dennis-hong-robotics-me-my-robot_2.html |title=Me And My Robot Page 2 of 2 |publisher=Forbes.com |date=2011-05-23 |accessdate=2011-12-27 |archive-date=2011-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829015358/http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2011/0523/technology-hong-romela-dennis-hong-robotics-me-my-robot_2.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="botmag1">{{cite web |author=Author Name:&nbsp; Dennis Hong |url=http://find.botmag.com/500105 |title=Robotis DARwIn-OP Raises The Bar &#124; Robot Magazine - The latest hobby, science and consumer robotics, artificial intelligence |publisher=Find.botmag.com |date=2011-05-12 |accessdate=2011-12-27 |archive-date=2012-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101183525/http://find.botmag.com/500105 |url-status=dead }}</ref> lan wis disebar karo punjul 14 pawiyatan luhur.<ref name="forbes1"/><ref name="botmag1"/> DARwIn-OP wis tau menang ing kejuaraan Kid Size League ing [[RoboCup]] 2011<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLKKbz2mNyo&feature=pyv |title=RoboCup 2011 Kid Size: USA / Japan (Final) |publisher=YouTube |date=2011-07-10 |accessdate=2011-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/video/75094732/ |title=Robot Soccer Stars Win World Cup Trophy for U.S. - Video |publisher=Bloomberg |date=2011-09-09 |accessdate=2011-12-27}}</ref><ref>http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~allen/F11/NOTES/RoboCup.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hornyak |first=Tim |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-20078777-1/u.s-droids-carry-the-day-at-2011-robocup-finals/ |title=U.S. droids carry the day at 2011 RoboCup finals &#124; Crave - CNET |publisher=News.cnet.com |date=2011-07-12 |accessdate=2011-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217232322/http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-20078777-1/u.s-droids-carry-the-day-at-2011-robocup-finals/ |archive-date=2012-02-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref> lan league 2012<ref>[http://romelarobocup.blogspot.mx/2012/06/team-darwin-repeats-win-at-robocup-in.html RoMeLa RoboCup 2012: Team DARwIn repeats win at RoboCup in Kid-Size division]</ref>. DARwIn-OP saiki dadi salah sawijining robot sing dadi contho indhustri robot open source (kodhe kabuka), saingan robot DARwIn-OP iki ya iku robot [[NAO]] sing digarap déning [[Aldebaran Robotics]]. DARwIn-OP iki bisa diarani kelas premium robot saka jinis liyané produk Robotis. == Spèsifikasi == === Performa lan Fitur === [[Gambar:Spesifikasi DARwIn-OP.jpg|jmpl|ki|Spesifikasi DARwIn-OP]] * Dhuwur Robot : 454.5mm (17.90&nbsp;in) Abot : 2.9&nbsp;kg (6.39&nbsp;lb) * Kecepatan baku lumaku Robot: 24.0&nbsp;cm/sec (9.5 in/sec) 0.25 sec/step –bisa dimodifikasi panganggo * Standar wektu ngadhek ing lante : 2.8sec (Ndodhok) and 3.9sec (ngadhek) –panganggo bisa modifikasi kecepatane * Uga kalebu PC: 1.6&nbsp;GHz Intel Atom Z530 (32 bit) on-board 4GB flash SSD * kontrol menejer (CM-730): ARM CortexM3 STM32F103RE 72&nbsp;MHz * 20 Modul aktuator (6 DOF leg x2+ 3 DOF arm x2 + 2 DOF neck) * 20 MX-28 aktuator (6 DOF leg x2+ 3 DOF arm x2 + 2 DOF neck) nganggo gear metal * 3Mbit/s high-speed Dynamixel bus kanggo join kontrol * 3-axis gyro, 3-axis accelerometer, tombol x3, mikrophone pendeteksi x2 * Mode persiapan nganggo konsumsi daya luwih cilik * Batre (30 operasional baku), charger, lan adaptor power njaba (batre bisa dicopot saka robot, carané njabut waé eksternal power sadurungé dicopot) * fungsi serbaguna(bisa nampa dhawuh, arus, lan fitur liyané) === Efisiensi lan Konfigurasi Vertil Modular === [[Gambar:Efisiensi lan konfigurasi Vertil modular.jpg|none|pus|Efisiensi lan konfigurasi Vertil modular]] === Arsitektur Robot === [[Gambar:Arsitektur Robot.jpg|none|pus|Arsitektur Robot]] === Platform terbuka === DARwIn-OP iku robot sing bisa dimodifikasi hardware lan software. [[Gambar:DARwIn img 07.jpg|250px|none|pus|Conto modifikasi software]] [[Gambar:DARwIn img 06.jpg|250px|none|pus|Source]] === Dhimènsi lan Abot Awak === [[Gambar:Dhimènsi DARwIn-OP.jpg|none|pus|Dhimènsi DARwIn-OP]] == Kompetisi == Robot (platform) iki wi dianggo karo kompetisi '''ICRA''', '''RoboCup''', lan '''FIRA'''. lamat websitete. * IEEE ICRA <ref>{{cite web |url=http://icra2012.org/program/robotChallenge.php |title=ICRA 2012 Home Page |publisher=Icra2012.org |date= |accessdate=2011-12-27 |archive-date=2012-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121055615/http://www.icra2012.org/program/robotChallenge.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[RoboCup]] <ref>{{cite web|author=Guillermo Cornejo L. - Grupo Fidalex |url=http://www.robocup2012.org/ |title=RoboCup Mexico 2012 |publisher=Robocup2012.org |date= |accessdate=2011-12-27}}</ref> * [[Federation of International Robot-soccer Association|FIRA]] <ref>{{cite web |author=FIRA |url=http://fira.net/?document_srl=3776 |title=FIRA News - [NOTICE&#93; Special offer for FIRA teams |publisher=Fira.net |date=2011-11-22 |accessdate=2011-12-27 |archive-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425122638/http://fira.net/?document_srl=3776 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Komunitas == Amerga piranti open sorce lan entheng dibenakake, akèh riset lan panggarepan kanggo gawé duplikate versi piyambakan. DARwIn-OP wis dianggo perusahaan utawa pawiyatan luhur ya iku: * RoMeLa [[Virginia Tech]] [http://romela.org/main/Robotics_and_Mechanisms_Laboratory Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105174557/http://www.romela.org/main/Robotics_and_Mechanisms_Laboratory |date=2012-01-05 }} * GRASP [[University of Pennsylvania]] [https://www.grasp.upenn.edu/ Website] * ARTLAB [[Purdue University]] [https://engineering.purdue.edu/artlab/ Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003080717/https://engineering.purdue.edu/artlab/ |date=2012-10-03 }} * Hamburg Bit-Bots [[Hamburg University]] [http://bit-bots.de Website] * UKM Soccer Robotic Laboratory [[Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia]] [http://www.ftsm.ukm.my/robotsoccer Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130413165847/http://www.ftsm.ukm.my/robotsoccer |date=2013-04-13 }} == Uga Ndelok == {{Portal|Robotics}} * [[Robotis Bioloid]] * [[Bioloid]] * [[Dynamixel]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category}} * {{Official website|http://www.robotis.com/}} {{jp icon}} {{ko icon}} * {{SourceForge|darwinop}} * [http://www.robotsource.org Official Community] [[Kategori:Rintisan mawa topik tèknologi]] [[Kategori:Robot]] [[Kategori:Humanoid Robot]] {{robot-stub}} q5tg4yb2zqhjy99cj39chb63g6wlqpi Jacques Bergier 0 99066 1760059 1725825 2026-11-05T23:30:35Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760059 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Jacques Bergier.jpg|thumb|Jacques Bergier]] {{Infobox Écrivain | nom = Jacques Bergier | image = | taille image = | légende = | nom de naissance = | nom alias = | date de naissance = {{date de naissance|8|8|1912}} | lieu de naissance = | date de décès = {{date de décès|23|11|1978|8|8|1912|âge=oui}} | lieu de décès = | activité = Écrivain | langue = | genre = [[Réalisme fantastique]] | mouvement = | distinctions = [[Prix Europa-Littérature|Prix Europa]] 1978 [[Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur]] 2 novembre 1945 }} '''Jacques Bergier''', miyos nalika tanggal [[8]] [[Agustus]], [[1912]]<ref>http://rr0.org/people/b/BergierJacques/index.html</ref> wonten ing [[Odessa]], [[Ukraina]] lan séda nalika tanggal [[23]] [[November]], [[1978]] wonten ing kutha [[Paris]] inggih punika satunggaling insinyur, ahli kimia, agén rahasia, wartawan lan penulis<ref>http://www.claudethomas.net/citaberg.htm</ref> ingkang gadhah kebangsaan [[Perancis]] lan [[Polen]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.badarchaeology.com/?page_id=943 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-03-17 |archive-date=2013-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121103152/http://www.badarchaeology.com/?page_id=943 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yakov Mikhailovich Berger, ingkang lajeng gantos nama dados Jacques Bergier,<ref>In his autobiography, Bergier tells that it was a transliteration error from a Polish official that turned his surname into "Bergier" (in Russian "e" is read "ye"). "Jacques" is the French for Yakov (in Russian and Hebrew).</ref> miyos wonten ing [[Odessa]] taun [[1912]]. Mikhail Berger, bapakipun, inggih punika satunggaling tiyang [[Yahudi]], gadhah toko klonthong grosir lan ibunipun, Etlia Krzeminiecka, minangka satunggaling mantan révolusionér. Bergier ngendika bilih piyambakipun minangka sepupu fisikawan nuklir [[George Gamow]] lan saking Anatoly tartamtu, satunggaling anggota regu tembak ingkang nembak [[Tsar]] [[Nicholas II saking Rusia|Nicholas II]]. Wonten ing taun [[1925]] kulawarganipun pindhah dhateng [[Perancis]]. Piyambakipun dados asistèn fisikawan atom Prancis [[André Helbronner]] ingkang dipuntumpes déning [[Gestapo]] nalika nyaketi pungkasaning Perang Donya 2. Miturut [[Walter Lang]], Bergier dipuncaketi déning [[Fulcanelli]] kanthi pesen kanggé Helbronner bab kamungkinan pangginaan manungsa saking senjata nuklir. Pepanggihan kalangsungaken wulan Juni 1937 ing laboratorium Dewan Gas ing Paris. == Karya-karya == * ''Économie politique d'un enfer'', Les Cahiers du Sud, [[1947]] * ''Cinquante années de découvertes'' (Collectif) 1950 * ''Visa pour demain'' (avec [[Pierre de Latil]]) 1954 * ''Agents secrets contre armes secrètes'', Arthaud, 1955 ; éditions [[J'ai lu]], coll. [[leur aventure]], n°101, 1965 * ''Quinze hommes, un secret'' (avec P. de Latil) 1956 * ''Les Mystères de la vie'' 1957 * ''L'Énergie H'' 1958 * ''Les Dompteurs de force'' 1958 * ''Les Murailles invisibles'' 1959 * ''Le Sous-marin de l'espace'' (avec [[Françoise d'Eaubonne]] et [[Jean-Charles]]) 1959 * ''Les Merveilles de la chimie moderne'' 1960 * ''[[Le Matin des magiciens]]'' (avec L. Pauwels) 1960 * ''Le Plasma, quatrième état de la matière'' 1961 * ''Visa pour l'humour'' (Collectif) 1962 * ''À l'écoute des planètes'' 1963 * ''Rire avec les savants'' 1964 * ''Nos pouvoirs inconnus'' (avec P. Duval) 1966 * ''L'Actuelle guerre secrète'' (avec P. Nord) 1967 * ''La Guerre secrète du pétrole'' (avec [[Bernard Thomas]]) 1968; Editions [[J'ai lu]] [[L'Aventure aujourd'hui]] N°A259 * ''L'Espionnage industriel'' 1969; Editions [[J'ai lu]] [[L'Aventure aujourd'hui]] N°A288 * ''La Guerre scientifique'' (avec J-Ph. Delaban) 1970 * ''Les Extraterrestres dans l'histoire'' 1970 ; [[J'ai lu]], n° A250, coll. « [[L'Aventure mystérieuse]] » * ''Admirations'' 1970 * ''L'Homme éternel'' (avec L. Pauwels) 1970 * ''Guerre secrète sous les océans'' (avec V. Alexandrov) 1970 * ''Les Frontières du possible'' (rééd. ''Aux limites du connu'') 1971 * ''L'Espionnage scientifique'' 1971 * ''Les Livres maudits'' 1971 ; [[J'ai lu]], n° A271, coll. « [[L'Aventure mystérieuse]] » * ''Les Empires de la chimie moderne'' 1972 * ''Le Livre de l'inexplicable'' 1972 ; [[J'ai lu]], n° A324, coll. « [[L'Aventure mystérieuse]] » * ''Vous êtes paranormal'' 1972 * ''L'Espionnage politique'' 1973 * ''L'Espionnage stratégique'' (avec J.-Ph. Delaban) 1973 * ''Visa pour une autre terre'' 1974 ; [[J'ai lu]], n° A351, coll. « [[L'Aventure mystérieuse]] » * ''Les Maîtres secrets du temps'' 1974 ; [[J'ai lu]], n° A312, coll. « [[L'Aventure mystérieuse]] » * ''Les Nouveaux Mystères de l’archéologie'' (avec P. Chwat) 1974 * ''Le Livre du mystère'' (avec G. H. Gallet) 1975 ; [[J'ai lu]], n° A374, coll. « [[L'Aventure mystérieuse]] » * ''La Troisième Guerre mondiale est commencée'' 1976 * ''Je ne suis pas une légende'' (autobiographie) 1977 * ''Le Livre des anciens astronautes'' (avec G. H. Gallet) 1977 ; [[J'ai lu]], n° A388, coll. « [[L'Aventure mystérieuse]] » * ''La Grande Conspiration russo-américaine'' 1978 * ''La Guerre secrète de l’occulte'' 1978 ; [[J'ai lu]], n° A361, coll. « [[L'Aventure mystérieuse]] » * ''Encyclopédie internationale des sciences et des techniques'' (sous sa direction) 1961 * ''Encyclopédie de l’inexpliqué'' (sous sa direction) 1976 * ''Les Douze Meilleurs Romans de science-fiction'' (sous sa direction) 1963 * ''La Tribune des Nations'' 1947 à 1975 ([[journal]]; près de 30 années d'articles puis de chroniques hebdomadaires, sous le pseudonyme de [[Gerolamo Cardano|Jérôme Cardan]]) * ''Tout savoir'' 1957 à 1968 ([[magazine]]) * ''Planète'' 1961 à 1971 ([[encyclopédie]]) * ''Nostra'' 1972 à 1978 (journal; puis magazine-rédacteur en chef [[Lucien Barnier]]) * ''L'Aube du magicien'' 2008 (œuvres choisies, période 1945-1960, tome 1, éd. L'Œil du Sphinx) == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} === Pranala njaba === * [http://www.claudethomas.net/bergier.htm Informations diverses et bibliographiques] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091206065904/http://alphonselenormand.monsite.orange.fr/ Page hommage] * [http://bergier.monsite.orange.fr/ Page hommage complémentaire de la précédente] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205135028/http://bergier.monsite.orange.fr/ |date=2008-12-05 }} * [http://patrick.clot1.perso.sfr.fr/ Page hommage associative]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://abordduvaisseaujbergier.blog.24heures.ch/ Page hommage complémentaire de la précédente] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110115055509/http://abordduvaisseaujbergier.blog.24heures.ch/ |date=2011-01-15 }} * [http://www.rr0.org/personne/b/BergierJacques/index.html Page hommage classifiée RR0] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231054530/http://rr0.org/personne/b/BergierJacques/index.html |date=2012-12-31 }} * [http://humanisme.canalblog.com/archives/2008/03/index.html Informations biographiques] * [http://www.claudethomas.net/liensjb.htm Quelques sites proposant de l'information sur Jacques Bergier] * [http://beaucoudray.free.fr/RPTT2.htm Activités du réseau ''Marco Polo'' de Jacques Bergier] * [http://www.youtube.com/profile?user=skblzz1 Extraits VIDEOS sur Jacques Bergier] [[Kategori:Tokoh Ukraina]] [[Kategori:Fisikawan Prancis]] [[Kategori:Lair 1912]] [[Kategori:Pati 1978]] {{bio-stub}} n1z9ky49pzsmw67t48jij82fgkv0n2m Dynamixel 0 99102 1759920 1757394 2026-11-05T15:50:20Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Dynamixel rx28.jpg|jmpl|ka|Dynamixel rx28]] '''Dynamixel''' (DXL) ya iku aktuator utawa servo jaringan sing atosane dhuwur kanggo robot sing dikembangke kaliyan produsen robot [[Robotis]] saka [[Koréa]]<ref>[http://www.robotis.com ::: Robotis :::]</ref>. Robotis uga pengembang saka robot [[ollo]], [[bioloid]] lan [[DARwIn-OP]] DXL, robot-robot iku dianggo déning perusahaan, pawiyatan luhur lan hobi amarga bisa dimodifikasi, durabiliti tinggi, presisi, kecepatan, suhu ing jero robot, servo sing luwih kuwat, lan liya-liyané. antar-jaringan dynamixel luwih prasaja ing jaringan kabel, dynamixel nganggo jaringan seri kanggo transfer data. RoboPlus ya iku aplikasi kanggo nyeting lan konfigurasi dynamixel ing komputer, roboplus bisa diunduh gratis ning download page website Robotis<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.robotis.com/xe/download_en/104254 |title=:::ROBOTIS::: - RoboPlus v1.0.25.2 (Dec. 26, 2011) - ENG Version |access-date=2013-03-18 |archive-date=2012-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211113653/http://www.robotis.com/xe/download_en/104254 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Dinamixel bisa dianggo ing sistem multi-sendi, bisa ning lengan robot, sikil robot, Humanoid robot<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/bioloid |title=Bioloid robot |access-date=2013-03-18 |archive-date=2013-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514213145/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloid |url-status=dead }}</ref>, bipedal robot<ref>http://flowers.inria.fr/AcrobanPressRelease.pdf {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>, robot hexapoda, robot ula<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tuxZ3pdKr4 NTU bime - snake robot project - YouTube]</ref>, robot kalajengking, kinematik<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.younsealeum.com/ |title=Younseal Eum - Home |access-date=2013-03-18 |archive-date=2012-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426080901/http://www.younsealeum.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, animatronik lan otomatisasi. * Bioloid sing nganggo dynamixel versine ya iku AX-12, AX-18 lan RX-24. AX-12 dianggo déning Angkatan Laut Amérikah Sarékat kanggo program teknisi mesin <ref>[http://www.azonano.com/news.aspx?NewsID=4498 US Navy Academy to Acquire 50 Robotis Bioloid Humanoid Robot Kits from KumoTek]</ref>, lan uga Angkatan udara Amérikah Sarékat. * [[DARwIn-OP]] nganggo dynamixel MX-28 lan dikembangke nganggo dana hibah 1,2 yuta dollar NFS<ref name="forbes1">{{cite web |url=http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2011/0523/technology-hong-romela-dennis-hong-robotics-me-my-robot_2.html |title=Me And My Robot Page 2 of 2 |publisher=Forbes.com |date=2011-05-23 |accessdate=2011-12-27 |archive-date=2011-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829015358/http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2011/0523/technology-hong-romela-dennis-hong-robotics-me-my-robot_2.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="botmag1">{{cite web |author=Author Name:&nbsp; Dennis Hong |url=http://find.botmag.com/500105 |title=Robotis DARwIn-OP Raises The Bar &#124; Robot Magazine-The latest hobby, science and consumer robotics, artificial intelligence |publisher=Find.botmag.com |date=2011-05-12 |accessdate=2011-12-27 |archive-date=2012-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101183525/http://find.botmag.com/500105 |url-status=dead }}</ref> lan wis didistribusiake punjul 14 lembaga sing ana<ref name="forbes1"/><ref name="botmag1"/>. Driver dynamixel dirilis kanggo aplikasi ROS (Robot opertaing Sistem / Sistem OOperasi Robot).<ref>[http://www.ros.org/news/2011/06/drivers-for-dynamixel-motors-released.html Drivers for dynamixel motors released - ROS robotics news]</ref>. Dynamixel Dhuweni feedback kaya ta: * '''Ana tipe robot sing dhuweni aktuator mirunggan''': Modul aktuator gabungke kabèh fungsi sing dianggo karo robot gubahan. [[Gambar:Konfigurasi servo dynamixel.jpg|pus|konfigurasi saka gabungan servo dadi dynamixel]] * '''Dhuweni struktur assembling''': teknisi robot bisa nganggo akèh frame kanggo désain wujud robot nganggo servo dynamixel * '''Drive nganggo network''': Dynamixel dhuweni ID unik sing dikendalekake nganggo piranti serial bus, ya iku TTL, RS485, CAN,lan liya-liyané. tergantung modele. * '''Powerful feedback''': Fitur iki bisa ngewaca kecepatan muter dynamixel, suhu servo jeroné, tegangan sing dikei lan uga posisi axial servo. * '''Struktur koneksi sing simpel''': Kabel prasaja amarga digabungke nganggo daisy chain (sejinis port mirunggan ing dynamixel) * '''Fitur Alarm''': Nalika suhu, torsi, asupan daya ing servo punjul konfigurasi awal, fitur alarm ing dynamixel bisa urip, ing dynamixel ana LED sing bisa murup yèn alarm iku urip. * '''Konfigurasi posisi''': fitur bisa mbalikna lan nyetel posisi saka horn servone. * '''Konfigurasi torsi''': torsi bisa diseting ing skala 0-1023, 0 iku torsi minimum lan 1023 iku torsi maksimum. * '''dhuwur/chendek voltage ing servo''': bisa mundhake efisiensi batrei lan servo nalika servo dianggo. * '''Indikator LED''': isan kanggo pemberitahuan yèn servo lemah lan alarm == Spesifikasi == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Dynamixel !! Torsi stabil (Nm) !! Posisi Sensor (Resolusi) !! Jaringan I/F !! Motor !! Rasio Gir (Material) |- | AX-12W || N/A || Potensiometer 300/1024 || TTL || Jeriji Motor || 1:32(standar) |- | AX-12A || 1.5 ing 12V || Potensiometer 300/1024 || TTL || Jeriji Motor || 1:254(standar) |- | AX-18A || 1.8 ing 12V || Potensiometer 300/1024 || TTL || Motor tanpa laher || 1:254(standar) |- | MX-28 || 2.5 ing 12V || Contactless Absolute Encoder 360/4096 || TTL/RS485 || Maxon Motor || 1:193(metal) |- | RX-24F || 2.6 at 12V || Potensiometer 300/1024 || RS485 || Motor tanpa laher || 1:193(metal) |- | RX-28 || 3.7 at 18.5V || Potensiometer 300/1024 || RS485 || Maxon Motor || 1:193(metal) |- | MX-64 || 6 at 12V || Contactless Absolute Encoder 360/4096 || TTL/RS485 || Maxon Motor || 1:200(metal) |- | RX-64 || 5.3 at 18.5V || Potensiometer 300/1024 || RS485 || Maxon Motor || 1:200(metal) |- | MX-106 || 8.4 at 12V || Contactless Absolute Encoder 360/4096 || TTL/RS485 || Maxon Motor || 1:225(metal) |- | EX-106+ || 10.9 at 18.5V || Magnetik Encoder 251/4096 || RS485 || Maxon Motor || 1:184(metal) |} * MX64/MX-106 duwé kontrol torsing sing nganggo setingan berbasis basa pemrograman PID. == Komunikasi Data == Kanggo ngontrol dynamixel, setingan komunikasi mesthi dianakake déning protokol dynamixel. dynamixel dikon nampa lan ngeki data biner. contho program kanggo transmisi data kados ta iku ya iku USB to dynamixel lan TTL/RS485. === Paket data === Pangendalian utama lan komunikasi saka dynamixel ke dynamixel liya kanggo nampa lan nerima data ya iku Paket. Paket ana 2 jinis: Instruksi paket, ya iku pengendali sing dikirim kanggo kontrol dynamixel. paket status, sing nampa pengendali utama. == Kompetisi Robot == * [[RoboCup]] <ref>{{cite web|author=Guillermo Cornejo L.-Grupo Fidalex |url=http://www.robocup2012.org/ |title=RoboCup Mexico 2012 |publisher=Robocup2012.org |date= |accessdate=2011-12-27}}</ref> * [[Federation of International Robot-soccer Association|FIRA]] <ref>{{cite web |author=FIRA |url=http://fira.net/?document_srl=3776 |title=FIRA News-[NOTICE&#93; Special offer for FIRA teams |publisher=Fira.net |date=2011-11-22 |accessdate=2011-12-27 |archive-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425122638/http://fira.net/?document_srl=3776 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[RoboGames]] * Mech Warfare <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mech-warfare.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-03-18 |archive-date=2013-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314060237/http://mech-warfare.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Robo One]] == Uga Ndelok == {{Portal|Robotics}} * [[DARwIn-OP]] * [[Bioloid]] == Cathethan Sikil == {{Reflist}} == Link Njaba == * {{Official website|http://www.robotis.com/}} [[Kategori:Rintisan mawa topik tèknologi]] jbma0ncb0vrn1v5k7zhxywq7u0w5jke Gare Montparnasse 0 99251 1759966 1703720 2026-11-05T18:42:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759966 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gare Montparnasse''' punika salah satunggal saking 6 [[stasiun]] kreta api ageng wonten ing [[Paris]], dumunung wonten ing aréa [[Montparnasse]], ing [[arrondissement XVe]]. Stasiun punika dipun-ginakaken kanggé kréta nuju Kilén lan Baratdaya Perancis, lan [[TGV]] nuju [[Tours]], [[Bordeaux]], [[Rennes]], [[Nantes]]. Wonten ugi sawijininng [[stasiun]] angkudan rikat, lan trotoar lumaku kanthi kecepatn inggil.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3001182.stm Walkway propels Paris metro into future]-BBC article on the high-speed travelator</ref> == Sajarah == [[Gambar:Gare Montparnasse TGV interior DSC08897.jpg|thumb|right|Interior terminal TGV]] Stasiun punika aslinipun dipunbikak taun [[184]]0. Sawijining stasiun kaping kalih dipunyasa antawising taun [[1848]] lan [[1852]]. Gare Montparnasse dados kawéntar sasampuning prastawa medalipun rèl tanggal [[22]] [[Oktober]] [[1895]] wonten ing [[Granville]]-Paris Express ingkang medal saking ujung rèl. Kréta punika kabekta antawis 30 méter (98 [[kaki (ékan panjang)|kaki]]) sadawaning concourse stasiun, nabrak témbok kanthi kandel 60 [[sentimeter]] (24 [[inci]]), ngremukaken téras lan medal saking stasiun, pungkasanipun grana kréta madeg wonten ing Place de Rennes sakitar 10 mèter (33 kaki) ing ngandhap témbok ingkang dipuntabrak. Sedaya panumpang wonten ing lebetipun slamet, 5 tiyang luka: 2 panumpang lan satunggal tukan mesin lan kalih kru kréta; kados pundi kémawon, satunggaling wanita séda ing margi déning kréta ingkang dhawah. Kacilakan punika dipunsebabaken déning rèm [[Westinghouse]] ingkang blong lan masinis ingkang mbuang-buang wekdal.<ref>[http://www.failuremag.com/arch_history_train_wreck.html Let's pause for a station brake] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517031937/http://www.failuremag.com/arch_history_train_wreck.html |date=2008-05-17 }} on Failure Magazine</ref> Masinis dipunddenda 25 [[franc]] lan tukang mesin 50 franc; piyambakipun ugi nglamapahi paukuman kunjara sadanguning 2 wulan. Wonten ing tanggal [[25]] [[Agustus]] [[1944]], jenderal militèr [[Jerman]] ing [[Paris]], [[Jenderal Von Choltitz]], masrahaken pasukanipun dhateng Jenderal Perancis, [[Philipe Leclerc]] ing sawijining stasiun kréta tau, sasampuning boten matuhi parèntah [[Adolf Hitler]] saperlu ngrisak Paris. Sadanguning [[1960]]-an, sawijining stasiun ènggal ingkang tujuan kanggé sawijining komplek yasan perkantoran dipunyasa. Taun 1969, stasiun tuwa punika dipunrubuhaken [[Tour Montparnasse]] dipunyasa ing situs mau. Sawijining perpanjangan dipunyasa taun 1990 saperlu dipun-ginakaken déning [[TGV Atlantique]]. == Budaya populèr == [[Gambar:Train wreck at Montparnasse 1895.jpg|thumb|200px|Bangkai kereta Granville-Paris Express [[22]] [[Oktober]] [[1895]]]] Gambar lokomotif jumeneng kanthi grananipun medal wonten ing sampul album ''[[Lean into It]]'' saking band hard rock [[Mr. Big]]. Cariyos babagan kacilakan jréta lan gambaripun medal ing novèl laré-laré taun 2007, ''[[The Invention of Hugo Cabret]]'' déning [[Brian Selznick]]. Kathah cariyos ingkang gadhah latar belakang Gare Montparnasse lan sakitaripun. == Jalur regional ingkang ngllayani stasiun punika == * [[SNCF]] Gare Montparnasse-[[Dreux]] * SNCF Gare Montparnasse-[[Mantes-la-Jolie]] * SNCF Gare Montparnasse-[[Montfort l'Amaury]]-[[Méré]] * SNCF Gare Montparnasse-[[Plaisir]] [[Grignon]] * SNCF Gare Montparnasse-[[Rambouillet]] * SNCF Gare Montparnasse-[[Sèvres]] Rive Gauche * SNCF Gare Montparnasse-[[Versailles-Chantiers]]. Stasiun [[angkudan cepat|metro]] paling caket: * [[Montparnasse-Bienvenüe (Paris Métro)|Montparnasse-Bienvenüe]] Stasiun paling caket: * [[Pasteur (Paris Métro)|Pasteur]] == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{commons|Gare Montparnasse}} * [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=paris,+france&ll=48.838961,2.317986&spn=0.006011,0.020548&t=h&hl=en Gambar satelit dari Google Maps] {{coor title dms|48|50|24|N|2|19|07|E|region:FR-J_type:landmark}} [[Kategori:Stasiun sepur ing Paris|Montparnasse]] dv2btcm6wia2i965rf24u0zbnurhd7q Marseille 0 99349 1760261 1713157 2026-11-06T10:26:39Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760261 wikitext text/x-wiki {| {{prettytable}} align="right" width="300" |+ <big>'''Marseille'''</big> |- | style="background: #ffffff;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="2" | align="center" width="140" | [[Gambar:Marseille hafen.jpg|250px]] |- | align="center" width="140" | <small>('''Kutha Marseille''')</small> |} |- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 3px solid gray;" | <small>Lambang<br /> Kutha Marseille</small> |- | align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid gray;" | [[Gambar:Armoiries de Marseille.svg|150px]] |- | '''Nagara''' | Prancis |- | '''Wewengkon Administratif''' | [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]]<ref name="Internet1"/> |- | '''Dhépartemèn''' | [[Bouches-du-Rhône]]<ref name="Internet1">{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=4923 |title=''Marseille'' |author= cassini.ehess.fr |year= |publisher=cassini.ehess.fr |access-date=22 April 2013}}</ref> |- | '''[[Gubernur]]''' | [[Jean-Claude Gaudin|Michèle Rubirola]] (1995–saiki) |- | '''Wewengkon'''<br />&nbsp;- Wiyaripun:<br /> | <br />240.62 km2 |- | '''[[Padunung]]'''<br />&nbsp;- Total (2008):<br />&nbsp;- Kapadhetan: | <br />851.420 (2008)<br /> 1.204 /km2 |- |'''Tetenger Wébsite | {{URL|www.marseille.fr/sitevdm/jsp/site/Portal.jsp?page_id=687 marseille.fr}} |} [[Gambar:MarseillePaysage.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Kutha Marseille]] [[Gambar:Blason Marseille.svg|250px|thumb|right|Logo Tentara]] '''Marseille''' yaiku salah sawijining kutha pasisir ing sakidule nagara [[Perancis]] kang duwé adhaptasi saka basa <ref name="marseil">[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Marseille Kutha Marseille], Dipunundhuh 14 April 2013.</ref>. Kutha iki diarani kutha gedhé dhéwé ing wewengkon pasisir kidul, lan kapindhone yaiku kutha [[Montpellier]]. Kutha Marseille saka basa [[Yunani]] kuna kanthi aran Μασσαλία, lan uga bisa diarani ''Massilia'' utawa ''Massalia''<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Transalpine Gaul: Roman|first=Charles|last=Ebel|publisher=Brill Archive|year=1976|isbn=90-04-04384-5|pages=5–16}}</ref>. Marseille uga éntuk panghargyan dadi kutha kang ramé pandudhuke kaping pindho saka kutha [[Paris]], lan uga éntuk wewengkon rada gedhé (240.62 KM) kanggo pandudhuk 1,6 yuta. Marseille uga kerep kanggo gawé filem, kaya ta seri filem [[Taxi]] lan filem [[The Transporter]]. Marseille iku wewengkon sapropinsi saka Alpes-Côte d'Azur, ing sajeroning departemen Bouches-du-Rhône kabawah [[Jean-Claude Gaudin]] <ref name="pulitik">[http://www.marseille.fr/sitevdm/jsp/site/Portal.jsp?page_id=687 Pulitik ing Kutha Marseille], Dipunundhuh 14 April 2013.</ref>. [[File:Marseille-corniche.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Panggon "Petit Nice"]] == Sajarah Saka Marseille == ''Marseille'' yaiku kutha kang duwé wewengkon géografi kutha pasisir kidul nagara [[Perancis]]. Entuk panghargyaan dadi kutha gedhé nomer (2) sabanjuré kutha [[Paris]]. Ing panggon paling kidul ana panggonan kanggo mancing kanggo wisata para turis asmane laladan [[Cassis]] <ref name="cassis">[http://www.cassis.fr/en/index.html Kutha Cassis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626045617/http://www.cassis.fr/en/index.html |date=2007-06-26 }}, Dipunundhuh 14 April 2013.</ref>. Kutha Marseille miwiti éntuk pambahargyan dadi kutha kang duwé sesawangan éndah kanggo filem. Kutha iki ana ing sapesisire kidul wewengkon Marseille. == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.marseille-provence2013.fr/ Web Résmi Pambudaya Marseille] (in French) * [http://marseillecityofculture.eu/ Pambudaya Kutha Marseille] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723071542/http://marseillecityofculture.eu/ |date=2015-07-23 }} * [http://www.marseille.fr/sitevdm/jsp/site/Portal.jsp?page_id=687 Web Résmi Kutha Marseille] * [http://www.marseille-tourisme.com/en/in-marseille/ Web Résmi Turis] [[Kategori:Kutha ing Prancis]] oyyxkf59re1fjspzwaywk1ifraq40nj Franck Ribéry 0 99368 1759959 1757437 2026-11-05T18:06:06Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 4 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Franck Ribéry | fullname = Franck Ribéry | image = [[File:Franck Ribéry 2013.JPG|200px]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1983|4|7|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]], Prancis, | height = {{convert|1,70|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | currentclub = [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] | clubnumber = 7 | position = [[Glandhang|Sayap]] | youthyears1 = 1989–1996 |youthclubs1 = Conti Boulogne | youthyears2 = 1996–1999 |youthclubs2 = [[Lille OSC|Lille]] | youthyears3 = 1999–2000 |youthclubs3 = [[US Boulogne|Boulogne]] | years1 = 2000–2002 |clubs1 = [[US Boulogne|Boulogne]] |caps1 = 28 |goals1 = 6 | years2 = 2002–2003 |clubs2 = [[Olympique Alès|Alès]] |caps2 = 19 |goals2 = 1 | years3 = 2003–2004 |clubs3 = [[Stade Brest 29|Stade Brestois]] |caps3 = 35 |goals3 = 3 | years4 = 2004–2005 |clubs4 = [[FC Metz|Metz]] |caps4 = 20 |goals4 = 1 | years5 = 2005 |clubs5 = [[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] |caps5 = 14 |goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2005–2007 |clubs6 = [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] |caps6 = 60 |goals6 = 11 | years7 = 2007–2019 |clubs7 = [[FC Bayern München|Bayern Munich]] |caps7 = 149 |goals7 = 49 | years8 = 2019–saiki|clubs8 = [[A.C.F. Fiorentina|Fiorentina]] |caps8 = 11 | nationalyears1 = 2004–2006 |nationalteam1 = {{timnasu|21|Prancis}} |nationalcaps1 = 13 |nationalgoals1 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2006–2014 |nationalteam2 = {{timnas|Prancis}} |nationalcaps2 = 71 |nationalgoals2 = 11 | pcupdate = 12:47, 20 Juli 2020 (UTC) | ntupdate = 16:15, 7 Fèbruari 2013 (UTC) }} '''Franck Ribéry''' ({{lahirmati|[[Boulogne-sur-Mer]]|7|4|1983}}) jeneng jangkepé '''Franck Bilal Ribéry''' inggih punika salah satunggal juru main [[bal-balan]] internasional kewarganagaraan [[Perancis]], sapunika ndhèrèk nyengkuyung tim [[Jerman]], [[FC Bayern München]] ing [[Bundesliga]] lan [[tim nasional bal-balan Perancis]]. Piyambakipun main minangka juru main [[sayap]], ing sisih kiwa. Ribéry misuwur awit gadhah kekiyatan lumayu ingkang banter, lincah, sarta kiyat.<ref name="profile_fcbayern">{{cite web| url = http://www.fcbayern.t-com.de/en/teams/profis/00401.php | title = Franck Ribéry | accessdate = 24 Maret 2013 | publisher=fcbayern.de}}</ref> Ribéry minangka juru main bal punika kagolong juru main ingkang lincah.<ref name="ribéry_espn">{{cite news |title=Franck Ribéry ESPN Profile |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/42968/franck-ribery?cc=5901 |publisher=[[ESPN]] |date= |accessdate=24 Maret 2013 |archive-date=2010-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231131038/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/42968/franck-ribery?cc=5901 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wiwit piyambakipun kagabung kaliyan [[FC Bayern München]], piyambakipun sampun dipunakoni wonten ing tingkat donya minangka salah satunggal juru main [[Perancis]] ingkang paling apik wonten ing generasinipun. Tokoh sadèrèngipun ing [[tim nasional bal-balan Perancis]], [[Zinedine Zidane]], nyebutaken bilih Ribéry punika ''permata bal-balan [[Perancis]]".<ref>{{Cite news | url = http://www.bundesliga.de/en/liga/news/2007/index.php?f=81320.php | title = A Ferrari in the Bayern shirt | date = 27 Novèmber 2007 | accessdate = 24 Maret 2013 | publisher = Bundesliga.de | archive-date = 2010-04-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100425041552/http://www.bundesliga.de/en/liga/news/2007/index.php?f=81320.php | url-status = dead }}</ref> Karièr Ribéry kawiwitan taun [[1989]] minangka pemain junior wonten ing klub kutha klairanipun, [[Conti Boulogne]]. Piyambakipun nilaraken klub sasampuning pitung taun kagabung kaliyan klub profesional, [[Lille]], nanging nilaraken klub punika sasampuning tigang taun nalika ngaraosaken awrat anggénipun adhaptasi wonten ing mrika. Wonten ing taun [[1999]], Ribéry kagabung kaliyan tim [[US Boulogne]], ing pundi piyambakipun main sadanguning kalih taun. Sasampuning nilasaken kalih taun malih wonten ing divisi amatir kanthi kalih klub ingkang béda ([[Ales]] lan [[Brest]]), nalika taun [[2004]], Ribéry pindhah dhateng klub [[Ligue 1]], [[FC Metz]]. Sasampuning enem wulan kaliyan klub punika, Ribéry lajeng pindhah dhateng [[Turki]] wonten ing wulan [[Januari]] [[2005]] saperlu kagabung kaliyan klub [[Galatasaray]] ing pundi piyambakipun saged menangaken [[Piala Turki]] sareng kaliyan tim èit mau. Sasampuning enem wulan kaliyan klub [[Galatasaray]], Ribéry nilaraken klub mau kanthi kaanan ingkang "kontrovèrsial" kanggé kondur malih dhateng [[Perancis]] saperlu kagabung kaliyan klub [[Marseille]]. Ribéry nelasaken kalih mangsa wonten ing mrika, mbiyantu ''Marseillais'' dumugi ing kalih final [[Coupe de France]]. Wonten ing taun [[2007]], Ribéry kagabung kaliyan klub [[Jerman]] [[FC Bayern München]] kanthi rékor transfer 25 yuta [[euro]]. Kaliyan klub [[Bayern]], piyambakipun sampun menangaken kalih [[Bundesliga]] lan kalih [[DFB-Pokal]]. Wonten ing taun [[2010]], Ribéry gadhah peran ingkang ageng mbiyantu tim dumugi ing parté final [[UEFA Champions League]], nanging boten saged main amargi kènging akumulasi kertu kuning. Ribéry inggih minangka pemain internasional {{timnas|Prancis}}. Sadèrèngipunmakili tim sènior, piyambakipun sampun main wonten ing lèvel [[U-21]]. Wonten ing tingkat sènior, Ribéry sampun makili nagaranipun wonten ing kalih ajang [[Piala Donya]] lan kalih Piala Éropa. Piyambakipun damel debut internasional wonten ing wulan [[Mèi]] [[2006]] nglawan [[Meksiko]]. Wonten ing [[Piala Donya 2006]], Ribéry damel gol internasional kapisananipun nglawan [[Spanyol]] lan main wonten ing laga final nglawan [[Italia]]. Kanthi individual, Ribéry inggih minangka pamenang "Pemain Perancis Taun Punika" kaping kalih lan ugi menangaken "Pemain Paling Apik Jerman Taun Punika". == Pagesangan Pribadi == Ribéry miyos wonten ing [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]], Pas-de-Calais lan dipunagengaken wonten ing sawijining lingkungan kanthi penghasilan ingkang sakedhik wonten ing pinggiran kutha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/may/05/franck-ribery-career-timeline-biography | title = Franck Ribéry's career timeline |date= 5 Mèi 2009 | accessdate = 28 Maret 2013 |work=The Guardian |location=UK | first=Mikey | last=Stafford}}</ref> Nalika piyambakipun nembé umur kalih taun, piyambakipun sakulawarga kagayut wonten ing sawijining kacilakan mobil wonten ing kampung halamanipun. Kacilakan punika kadadosan kaliyan trek.<ref name = Sun>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/article54215.ece | title = Ribery: Lucky to be alive|date= 1 Juli 2006 | accessdate = 28 Maret 2013 | publisher=The Sun | location=London | first=Ben | last=Kinsella}}</ref>. Ribéry kénging luka ingkang parah wonten ing pasuryanipun, ingkang njalari langkung saking satunggal atus jaitan lan nilaraken kalih tatu dawa ing sisih tengen pasuryanipun <ref name = Sun /> Sadèrèngipun kagabung kaliyan [[Stade Brestois 29|Stade Brestois]]. Nalika taun [[2003]], piyambakipun nyambut damel minangka pekerja konstruksi kaliyan ingkang rama, pedamelan punika dipunsebut minangka ''sinau saking pengalaman'' déning Ribéry.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.bundesliga.de/en/liga/news/2009/index.php?f=143247.php |title=Franck Ribéry: From the street to superstar |accessdate=28 Maret 2013 |publisher=Bundesliga.de |archive-date=2012-07-22 |archive-url=https://archive.ph/20120722210648/http://www.bundesliga.de/en/liga/news/2009/index.php?f=143247.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rayinipun Ribéry ugi minangka satunggaling pemain bal-balan ingkang sampun main kanggé kathah klub amatir wonten ing [[Perancis]]. François main kanggé [[Aviron Bayonnais FC|Bayonne]] wonten ing Championnat National.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.footmercato.net/ribery-signe-au-touquet_44614 | title = RIBÉRY SIGNE AU TOUQUET ! | date = 30 Januari 2010| accessdate = 28 Maret 2013 | publisher=Foot Mercato | language = French}}</ref> Garwanipun Ribéry, Wahiba, minangka warga nagara Perancis keturunan [[Aljazair]] lan saking garwanipun punika kaparingan kalih putri lan satunggal putra.<ref name="profile_fcbayern" /><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/de/aktuell/news/2011/31155.php | title = Vaterfreuden bei Franck Ribéry | trans-title = Joy of fatherhood for Franck Ribéry | language = German | publisher=FC Bayern Munich | accessdate = 28 Maret 2013 | date = 16 Sèptèmber 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/internationals/convert-to-islam-changes-french-mindset-rebel-ribeacutery-strides-from-sink-estate-to-brink-of-greatness-418854.html |title=Convert to Islam changes French mindset: Rebel Ribéry strides from sink estate to brink of greatness |date=6 Oktober 2006 |accessdate=28 Maret 2013 |work=The Independent |location=UK |first=John |last=Lichfield |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205071318/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/internationals/convert-to-islam-changes-french-mindset-rebel-ribeacutery-strides-from-sink-estate-to-brink-of-greatness-418854.html |archive-date=2009-02-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ribéry minangka satunggaling tiyang mualaf<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:WAFP&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=11EEAA834643F160&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB57AB53DF815 | title = Ribery making his mark in Germany | date = 19 Fèbruari 2008 | accessdate = 28 Maret 2013 | publisher=[[NewsBank]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |first=Yannick |last=Pasquet}}</ref><ref name="dailymail">{{cite news |last=Allen|first=Peter|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1271159/It-hurt-family-close-French-football-star-Franck-Ribery-speaks-affair-underage-prostitute.html|title='It hurt my family, above all those close to me': French football star Franck Ribery speaks of his affair with underage prostitute|publisher=[[Daily Mail]]|date=2 Mèi 2012|accessdate=28 Maret 2013}}</ref>, lan sasampunipun dados satunggaling mualaf namaipun éwah dados Bilal Yusuf Mohammed<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.webislam.com/?idn=14361 | title = Frank Bilal Ribéry se muestra orgulloso de sus creencias | date = 18 April 2009 | accessdate = 28 Maret 2013 | publisher=Web Islam }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/championsleague/5099857/Franck-Ribery-the-man-to-challenge-Lionel-Messi-and-Barcelona.html | title=Franck Ribery the man to challenge Lionel Messi and Barcelona | date=4 April 2009 | accessdate=28 Maret 2013 | publisher=The Telegraph | location=London | first=Duncan | last=White | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323094801/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/championsleague/5099857/Franck-Ribery-the-man-to-challenge-Lionel-Messi-and-Barcelona.html | archive-date=23 March 2010 | url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Gambar:RiberyNikeMercurialVapors.jpg|thumb|left|Ribéry, nalika main wonten ing tetandhingan liga nglawan [[Hertha Berlin]] nalika Dhésèmber 2007]] Wiwit namanipun medal wonten ing kancah internasional, Ribéry sampun kagayut wonten ing kathah promosi. Wonten ing mangsa [[2008]]-[[2009]], piyambakipun medal sesarengan kaliyan kanca saking tim nasionalipun, [[Karim Benzema]], wonten ing panutup video game Perancis ''FIFA 09''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.411mania.com/games/news/86471/%5BMulti%5D-FIFA-2009-Cover-Players.htm|title=The players to appear on FIFA 2009 game covers are revealed.|work=411Mania |date=29 Sèptèmber 2008 |accessdate=28 Maret 2013}}</ref> Ribéry dipunsponsori déning parusahan ageman ulah raga Amérika [[Nike, Inc|Nike]] lan kanthi teratur migunakaken [[Nike Mercurial Vapor]]s. Piyambakipun sampun medal wonten ing ''iklan'' televisi sapérangan mèrk, lan sadanguning Bundesliga mangsa [[2007]]-[[2008]], dados bintang sawijining acara televisi kanthi irah-irahan ''"The Franck Ribéry Show"'', ingkang dipunsiarkan wonten ing [[Direct 8]] ing Perancis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vimeo.com/1626743|title=Franck Ribery Show Nike Live|work=Vimeo |accessdate=28 Maret 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vimeo.com/1625808|title=Franck Ribery Show Nike Live 2|work=Vimeo |accessdate=28 Maret 2013}}</ref> Acara, ingkang dipunsponsori déning Nike, minangka satunggaling ''variety show'' kanthi Ribéry medal ing sapérangan skètsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9a1wANFqJJs&feature=related|title=Franck Ribéry Show|publisher=YouTube |accessdate=28 Maret 2013}}</ref> Nalika tanggal 25 Mèi 2010, sawijining billboard saking Ribéry kanthi ukuran {{convert|27|x|30|m|ft}}, kanthi resmi dipunmedalaken wonten ing kutha kalairanipun, Boulogne-sur-nalika [[Piala Donya FIFA 2010]] badhé kawiwitan. Billboard punika kedah mbayar upeti dhateng billboard ingkang sami ingkang katujokaken dhateng [[Zinedine Zidane]] wonten ing kutha [[Marseille]] sadangu karièripun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.20minutes.fr/article/402489/Sport-Pas-de-portrait-geant-de-Franck-Ribery-a-Boulogne-sur-Mer.php|title=Pas de portrait géant de Franck Ribéry à Boulogne-sur-Mer |work=20 Minutes |date=5 Mèi 2010|accessdate=28 Maret 2013}}</ref> Pambangunan billboard nalika wiwitan naté katundha amargi konsekuènsi gambar ingkang kamungkinan kagayut kaliyan praduga hubunganipun Ribéry kaliyan pelacur ing ngandhap umur.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lequipe.fr/Football/breves2010/20100525_120910_un-ribery-geant-a-boulogne.html|title=Un Ribéry géant à Boulogne|work=L'Equipe|date=25 Mèi 2010|accessdate=28 Maret 2013|archive-date=2010-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528163601/http://www.lequipe.fr/Football/breves2010/20100525_120910_un-ribery-geant-a-boulogne.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nanging, Déwan Laladan kanggé wewengkon [[Nord-Pas-de-Calais]], ingkang wiwitanipun nentang billboard punika, sarujuk kanggé ngidinaken pambangunan billboard. Billboard minangka sawijining proyèk saking Nike kanggé sponsor Ribéry lan dipunpamèraken sadanguning Piala Donya FIFA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/sports/20100525-ribery-poster-gaff-boulogne-sur-mer|title=Ribery poster gaff in Boulogne-sur-Mer |work=RFI |date=25 Mèi 2010|accessdate=28 Maret 2013}}</ref> Nalika tanggal 18 April 2010, punika ingkang kapisanan kaplaporaken déning layanan televisi Perancis [[M6 (saluran TV)|M6]] bilih sekawan anggota tim nasional Perancis saweg dipunslidhiki saking peranipun minangka ''klien'' saking sawijining jaringan prostitusi ingkang saweg dipunoperasiakaken wonten ing satunggaling klub malam ing [[Paris]], kaliyan para wanita ingkang taksih wonten ing ngandhap umur. Laporan mau ugi ngandharaken bilih kalih pemain sampun dipunpriksa minangka saksi déning [[Kehakiman Perancis|hakim]] André Dando lan sakelompok [[hakim]]. Laporan punika nggambaraken kalih pemain minangka tiyang ingkang minangka pemain utama wonten ing sawijining klub ageng asing lan ingkang sanèsipun ugi main wonten ing kejuaraan [[Ligue 1]] Prancis.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.rmc.fr/editorial/108424/quatre-bleus-impliques-dans-une-affaire-de-moeurs/ | title = Quatre Bleus impliqués dans une affaire de moeurs? | date = 18 April 2010 | accessdate = 28 Maret 2013 | publisher=[[Radio Monte Carlo|RMC]] |language = French}}</ref> Wonten ing dinten candhakipun, para pemain ingkang sinebut inggih punika Ribéry lan [[Sidney Govou]].<ref>{{Cite news | url = http://www.lequipe.fr/Football/breves2010/20100418_224418_ribery-parmi-les-temoins-entendus.html | title = Ribéry parmi les témoins entendus | date = 18 April 2010 | accessdate = 28 Maret 2013 | publisher = [[L'Equipe]] | language = French | archive-date = 21 April 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100421061245/http://www.lequipe.fr/Football/breves2010/20100418_224418_ribery-parmi-les-temoins-entendus.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> Sadabguning wawancara kaliyan Dando, Ribéry dipunwaratakaken gadhah gayutan kaliyan pelacur, nanging boten mangertos bilih piyambakipun taksih wonten ing ngandhap umur nalika miwiti gayutan.<ref>{{Cite news | url = http://www.lequipe.fr/Football/breves2010/20100419_141623_mise-en-exmaen-pour-ribery.html | title = Mise en examen pour Ribéry? | date = 19 April 2010 | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher = [[L'Equipe]] | language = French | archive-date = 21 April 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100421061831/http://www.lequipe.fr/Football/breves2010/20100419_141623_mise-en-exmaen-pour-ribery.html | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1267201/Franck-Ribery-prostitution-probe-French-footballer-engulfed-sex-scandal.html | title = French football star Franck Ribery admits sleeping with underage girl as child prostitute scandal grows | date = 20 April 2010 | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 |work=Daily Mail |location=UK | first=Peter | last=Allen}}</ref> Tanggal 29 April, Sekretaris Nagara babagan Ulah raga Perancis, [[Rama Yade]], sasampunipun nolak kanggé suka pamanggih bab kasus punika dhateng publik, ngandharaken bilih pemain ingkang saweg dipuninvestigasi boten kedah makili tim nasional Perancis.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/2010-04-22-2203192166_x.htm | title = Prostitution scandal hits French football players| date = 22 April 2010 | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 |work=USA Today | first=Jerome | last=Pugmire}}</ref> Dinten candhakipun, satunggaling sumber saking pangadilan ngandharaken bilih Ribéry boten badhé dipunivestigasi kanthi resmi sadèrèngipun Piala Donya FIFA 2010 dipunwiwiti.<ref>{{Cite news | url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/2010/04/30/uk-soccer-france-ribery-idUKTRE63T3LC20100430 | title = Ribery won't face questioning before World Cup | date = 30 April 2010 | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | work = [[Reuters]] | archive-date = 24 June 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130624165617/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2010/04/30/uk-soccer-france-ribery-idUKTRE63T3LC20100430 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Tanggal 20 Juli, Ribéry dipunsuwuni pirsa déning Pulisi Paris, ingkang ndhèrèkaken pitakènan saking hakim Dando, kanthi tuduhan bab prostitusi ing ngandhap umur.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2010/jul/20/franck-ribery-karim-benzema-police | title = Franck Ribéry and Karim Benzema held in prostitution investigation | date = 20 Juli 2010 | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 |work=The Guardian |location=UK | first=Lizzy | last=Davies}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url = http://www.lequipe.fr/Football/breves2010/20100720_180518_ribery-mis-en-examen.html | title = Ribéry mis en examen | date = 20 Juli 2010 | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher = [[L'Equipe]] | language = French | archive-date = 2010-07-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100721121709/http://www.lequipe.fr/Football/breves2010/20100720_180518_ribery-mis-en-examen.html | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/footballer-ribery-charged-with-sex-with-underage-prostitute-20100721-10jqf.html | title = Footballer Ribery charged with sex with underage prostitute | date = 21 Juli 2010 | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 |work=Sydney Morning Herald | first1=Jean-Claude | last1=Pierrette | first2=Mathieu | last2=Foulkes}}</ref> November 2011, jaksa nyuwun kasus saking Ribéry lan Benzema dipunajukaken, lan ngandharaken bilih para pemain boten sadhar manawi nindakaken prostitusi kaliyan pelacur ingkang wonten ing sangandhapipun 16 taun boten dipunkeparengaken.<ref>{{cite web|title=French prosecutors accept that Ribery did not know prostitute was a minor |date=19 Novèmber 2011|work=France 24|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20111119-football-ribery-prostitute-minor-case-benzema-france-paris-justice | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013}}</ref> ==Kariér Klub== ===Kariér Witiwan=== Ribéry miwiti kariér bal-balanipun nalika taksih umur 6 taun, piyambakipun main kanggé klub amatir ''FC Conti de Boulogne-sur-Mer'' ing pérangan kelompok enèm.<ref name="meeting_lille">{{Cite news | url = http://www.meeting-lille.com/en/vivre-a-lille/celebrites-lille.aspx | title = Local celebrities: The Northern France local celebrities galery | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher = Meeting Lille | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110128221950/http://www.meeting-lille.com/en/vivre-a-lille/celebrites-lille.aspx | archive-date = 2011-01-28 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="portrait_ribery">{{Cite news | url = http://www.coupemonde.fr/portrait-de-frank-ribery-equipe-de-france.html/ | title = Portrait de Frank Ribéry (équipe de France) | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher = CoupeMonde.fr | language = French | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110720213405/http://www.coupemonde.fr/portrait-de-frank-ribery-equipe-de-france.html | archive-date = 2011-07-20 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Sasampuning main wonten klub punika sadanguning 7 taun, taun [[1996]] piyambakipun pindhah lan kagabung kaliyan klub profésional [[Lille OSC|Lille]], ingkang main wonten ing [[Ligue 2]]. Nalika kagabung kaliyan Lille, Ribéry unggul ing babagan atletik, nanging gadhah prakawis wonten ing babt tindak-tanduk wonten ing akademi, punika ingkang njalari Lille lajeng medalaken piyambakipun.<ref name="meeting_lille" /><ref name="enduring_tale">{{cite web| url = http://www.thedailystar.net/rising/2007/06/04/back.htm | title = The enduring tale of Scarface | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=The Daily Star }}</ref> Taun 2012, nalika konferènsi pers sadèrèngipun tetandhingan antawising [[FC Bayern München]] kaliyan mantan klubipun, Lille, ing Liga Champions, Ribéry ngandharaken bilih piyambakipun medal saking akademi Lille amargi saweg kènging cedera sikut lan pejabat Lille sadèrèngipun ugi kapèngin ngandhapaken piyambakipun saking akademi amargi dipunraos taksih kealiten.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.rmcsport.fr/editorial/312122/ribery-j-etais-trop-petit-pour-lille/ | title = Ribéry: "J’étais trop petit pour Lille" |date= 22 Oktober 2012 | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=[[Radio Monte Carlo|RMC Sport]] | language = French |trans-title=Ribéry: "I was too small for Lille"}}</ref> Sasampuning nilaraken Lille, Ribéry kondur dhateng kapung halamanipun saperlu kagabung kaliyan klub paling ing kutha punika, [[US Boulogne]]. Sasampuning satunggal taun namung wonten ing cadhangan, piyambakipun lajeng dipunpromosikaken dhateng tim senior. Ribéry namung main kaping sekawan wonten ing mangsa debutipun kaliyan Boulogne, ingkang saweg main wonten ing [[Championnat de France amateur|CFA]], divisi sekawan ing liga Perancis, ingkang saged promosi dhateng divisi tiga, [[Championnat National]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.stat2foot.com/boulogne0001.htm | title = BOULOGNE 2000/2001 | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=Stat 2 Foot | language = French}}</ref> Wonten ing mangsa kaping kalihipun sareng klub punika, ribéry main 25 tetandhingan lan damel 5 gol. Éwadéné Boulogne namung kasil mapan ing urutan kaping 17, ingkang ateges klub punika wangsul malih dhateng divisi 4. Penampilan Ribéry ingkang nengsemaken, damel piyambakipun saged pindhah dhateng klub nasional [[Olympique Alès]].<ref name="ribery_boulogne">{{Cite news|url=http://www.stat2foot.com/boulogne0102.htm | title = BOULOGNE 2001/2002 | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=Stat 2 Foot | language = French}}</ref> Sareng kaliyan klub punika wonten ing satunggal mangsa, Ribéry main wonten ing 18 tetandhingan lan namung damel 1 gol.<ref name="ribery_ales">{{Cite news|url=http://www.stat2foot.com/ales0203.htm | title = ALES 2002/2003 | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=Stat 2 Foot | language = French}}</ref> Ing pungkasaning mangsa, éwadéné Alès mapan ing posisi ingkang aman, nanging Alès kadégradasi dhateng divisi d'Honneur, divisi 6 ing Liga Perancis, déning [[Direction Nationale du Contrôle de Gestion|DNCG]] sasampunipun klub punika bangkrut.<ref>{{Cite news | url = http://www.sport.fr/football/Ales-mis-en-liquidation-judiciaire-29363.shtm | title = Alès mis en liquidation judiciaire | date = 4 Juni 2003 | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher = Sport.fr | language = French | archive-date = 2011-07-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719173053/http://www.sport.fr/football/Ales-mis-en-liquidation-judiciaire-29363.shtm | url-status = dead }}</ref> Warta punika njalari Ribééry lajeng ngawontenaken kontrak kaliyan [[Stade Brestois 29|Stade Brest]], klub sanès ing Championnat National. Wonten ing Brest, Ribéry nedahaken bilih piyambakipun minangka juru main utama kanthi damel 3 gol wonten ing 35 tetandhingan liga.<ref name="ribery_brest">{{Cite news|url=http://www.stat2foot.com/bclubs/brest0304.htm | title = BREST 2003/2004 | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=Stat 2 Foot | language = French}}</ref> Kinerja Ribéry kaliyan Brest saged mapanaken Brest wonten ing posisi angka kalih, saèngga saged promosi dhateng Ligue 2.<ref name="portrait_ribery" /> Éwadéné suksès kaliyan Brest, nanging Riéry péngin main wonten ing [[Ligue 1]], Divisi Utama Liga Perancis. Pangimpènipun saged kasil nalika manajer tim [[FC Metz]], [[Jean Fernandez]], kasengsem kaliyan penampilan Ribéry, ingkang lajeng ngrékrut piyambakipun kanthi transfer.<ref name="portrait_ribery" /> Ribéry namung nelasaken sepalih mangsa wonten ing Mezt, nanging sampun produktif, lan dados ''Pemain Wulan Punika'' (UNFP) nalika wulan Agustus [[2004]]. Piyambakipun damel satunggal-satunggaliipun gol liga kanggé Metz nalika tanggal 6 November, nalika Metz imbang 1-1 kaliyan tim [[Toulouse FC|Toulouse]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuilleMatch.asp?saison=2004/2005&code_evt=&code_jr_tr=J13&num_ordre=10 | title = Toulouse v. Metz Match Report | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=lfp.fr | language = French}}</ref> Main wonten ing posisinipun, lini tengah sisih tengen, njalari pendhukung Metz mbandhingaken piyambakipun kaliyan [[Robert Pirès]], satunggaling legénda saking Metz.<ref name="enduring_tale" /> Sasampuning pirembagan bab perpanjangan kontrak boten tinemu ing pasarujukan, Januari [[2005]], Ribéry pindhah dhateng [[Turki]]. Wonten ing mrika, piyambakipun kagabung kaliyan [[Galatasaray]] kanthi pasarujukan silihan ing wiwitan;Galatasaray gadhah hak mbayar Metz € 2 yuta saperlu numbas Ribéry kanthi permanèn. ===Galatasaray=== [[Gambar:Ribery-1.jpg|thumb|Franck Ribéry nalika taksih main wonten ing klub [[Turki]], Galatasaray]] Wonten ing Galatasaray, Ribéry dipunbekta déning manager [[Gheorghe Hagi]], lan main ing 14 tetandhingan liga. Klub punika lajeng mapan ing posisi 3 nalika akir mangsa. Nalika main kanggé klub punika, supporter Galatasaray nyebut Ribéry kanthi nama ''Ferraribery'', ngrujuk dhateng akselerasinipun ingkang rikat kanthi bal wonten ing sukunipun, ugi ''Scarface'' amargi tatu ageng ing sisih tengen pasuryanipun.<ref>{{Cite news | url = http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/internationals/convert-to-islam-changes-french-mindset-rebel-ribeacutery-strides-from-sink-estate-to-brink-of-greatness-418854.html | title = Convert to Islam changes French mindset: Rebel Ribéry strides from sink estate to brink of greatness | date = 6 Oktober 2006 | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | work = The Independent | location = UK | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100127182122/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/internationals/convert-to-islam-changes-french-mindset-rebel-ribeacutery-strides-from-sink-estate-to-brink-of-greatness-418854.html | archive-date = 2010-01-27 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/chance-for-bayerns-maverick-to-shine-1930715.html | title = Chance for Bayern's maverick to shine | date= 20 Maret 2010 | access-date = 29 Maret 2013 |work=The Independent |location=UK }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/Franck-Ribery-profile-10-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-man-bookies-are-linking-with-Liverpool-article27733.html | title = Franck Ribery profile: 10 things you need to know about the man bookies are linking with Liverpool | date= 10 Oktober 2009 | access-date = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=The Mirror}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/Franck-Ribery-profile-10-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-reported-Manchester-United-target-article25931.html| title = Franck Ribery profile: 10 things you need to know about the reported Manchester United target | date= 5 Mèi 2009 | access-date = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=The Mirror}}</ref> Wonten ing Turkish Cup ([[2004]]-[[2005]], Ribéry paring pambiyantu dhateng klub kanthi ngasoraken klub sainganipun [[Fenerbahçe S.K.|Fenerbahçe]] kanthi skor 5-1 wonten ing tetandhingan final. Piyambakipun damel gol pambuka wonten ing menit kaping 16, lan ugi paring pambiyantu dhateng gol sanèsipun. Ribéry lajeng dipun-gantos wonten ing menit kaping 52 nalika Galatasaray saweg unggul 3-1. Piala punika minangka gelar kapisanan tumrap Ribéry. ===Marseille=== [[Gambar:Franck Ribéry-OM.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Franck Ribéry nalika main kanggé Marseille nglawan [[Lille OSC|Lille]]]] Tanggal 15 Juni 2015, Ribéry mbiwarakaken bilih piyambakipun badhé kondur dhateng Perancis, lan gabung kaliyan klub [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] kanthi kontrak gangsal taun, ugi kapanggih malih kaliyan mantan manajeripun, Jean Fernandez. Kapindhahan punika ngagètaken sanget tumrap Galatasaray, amargi piyambakiun taksih gadhah kontrak 3 taun sasampunipun klub Metz dipunbayar € 2 yuta kanggé ngontrak permanèn nalika tanggal 30 Maret.<ref name="ribery_probe">{{Cite news| title = Gala demand Ribery probe | url= http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11810_2339216,00.html | publisher=Sky Sports | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | date = 16 Juni 2005}}</ref> Ribéry suka pamanggih bilih piyambakipun dèrèng dipungaji déning klub punika, lan nyuwun dhateng [[FIFA]], supados organisasi bal-balan mau kersa mbatalaken kontrakipun, Ribéry ugi ngandharaken bilih piyambakipun naté dipunancem kanthi tongkat baseball déning mantan agèn lan dirèktur Galatasaray.<ref>{{Cite news| title = Ribery explains French switch | url= http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11810_2339884,00.html | publisher=Sky Sports | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | date = 22 Juni 2005}}</ref> Satunggal dinten sasampunipun mbiwarakaken kapindhahanipun,offisial lan manajer Galatasaray [[Eric Gerets]], ngecam juru main punika amargi nyulikani klub lan ugi mbiwarakaken rencananipun sowan dhateng FIFA saperlu nyuwun kasus punika dipunslidhiki.<ref name="ribery_probe" /><ref>{{Cite news| title = Gerets hits out at Ribery | url= http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11810_2340208,00.html | publisher=Sky Sports | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | date = 25 Juni 2005}}</ref> Juli 2005, FIFA njurung Ribéry lan nolak klaim saking Galatasaray ingkang ngandharaken bilih juru main ingkang lepat. Minangka tanggepan, Galatasaray nampik kaputusan FIFA lan badhé sowan dhateng pengadilan Arbitrase Ulah raga Internasional. 25 April 2007, bandhingipun dipuntolak déning pangadilan, ingkang ngandharaken wonten ing satunggaling katrangan bilih kontrakipun Ribéry sampun dipunmadhegaken déning klub nalika akir mangsa 2004-2005, kanthi alesan ingkang adil, lan Galatasaray boten pikantuk kompènsasi saking bab punika. Galatasaray sampun usaha pados kompénsasi € 10 yuta saking Marseille.<ref>{{cite web | title = Galatasaray Ribery claim rejected by court | url = http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=424939&cc=5901 | publisher = ESPN | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | date = 25 April 2007 | archive-date = 18 October 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071018082802/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=424939&cc=5901 | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[Gambar:Franck Ribéry-2.jpg|thumb|Franck Ribéry nalika main kanggé klub Marseille]] ===Mangsa 2005-2006=== Sasampuning kapindhahanipun, Ribéry dipunparingi sragam kanthi angka 7, lan miwiti debutipun tanggal 30 Juli 2005, kawon 2-0 déning [[FC Girondins de Bordeaux|Bordeaux]] lan pikantuk kertu kuning.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuilleMatch.asp?saison=2005/2006&code_evt=&code_jr_tr=J01&num_ordre=3 | title = Marseille v. Bordeaux Match Report | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=lfp.fr | language = French}}</ref> 17 September, piyambakipun damel gol kapisananipun kanggé klub wonten ing kamenangan 2-1 saking [[Troyes AC|Troyes]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuilleMatch.asp?saison=2005/2006&code_evt=&code_jr_tr=J07&num_ordre=5 | title = Marseille v. Troyes Match Report | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=lfp.fr | language = French}}</ref> Kalih minggu candhakipun, Ribéry damel gol nalika kapanggih kaliyan mantan klubipun, Metz lan [[OGC Nice|Nice]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuilleMatch.asp?saison=2005/2006&code_evt=&code_jr_tr=J10&num_ordre=4 | title = Nice v. Marseille Match Report | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=lfp.fr | language = French}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuilleMatch.asp?saison=2005/2006&code_evt=&code_jr_tr=J09&num_ordre=6 | title = Marseille v. Metz Match Report | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=lfp.fr | language = French}}</ref> 19 November, Ribéry damel gol nalika ngasoraken [[FC Nantes|Nantes]] 2-1.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuilleMatch.asp?saison=2005/2006&code_evt=&code_jr_tr=J15&num_ordre=6 | title = Marseille v. Nantes Match Report | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=lfp.fr | language = French}}</ref> Gol punika, kadamel saking jarak antawis 35 mèter saking gawang, lan kapilih dados gol paling apik mangsa punika déning para supporter.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnJ-iO1NBWA | title = Amazing goal by Ribery (Marseille vs Nantes) | accessdate = 29 Maret 2013 | publisher=YouTube | language = French}}</ref> Wonten ing Copa Perancis, saking penampilan ingkang apik, Ribéry damel kalih gol kanggéé kamenangan 3-1 Marseille wonten ing semifinal nalika nglawan [[Stade Rennais F.C.|Rennes]]. Kamenangan punika mbekta Marseille dhateng final Copa Perancis taun [[2006]] ing pundi kedah ngadhepi ''Le Classique'', [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]], ing pundi punika minangka tetandhingan angka 2 kanggé Ribéry ing final. Nanging Marseille kawon 2-1 saking klub Paris punika. Wonten ing [[Éropa]], Ribéry damel kalih gol wonten ing UEFA Cup, nglawan klub [[Italia]], [[S.S. Lazio|Lazio]], lan klub [[Spanyol]], [[Deportivo de La Coruña]]. Wonten ing UEFA Cup, piyambakipun damel 1 gol wonten ing leg kaping kalih ing ronde 32 besar, nalika Marseille nglawan [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]]. Ribéry pikantuk penghargaan saking [[National Union of Professional Footballers]] (UNFP) [[Trophées UNFP du football#Young Player of the Year|Young Player of the Year]]. ===Mangsa 2006-2007=== Sasampuning suksés wonten ing ajang Internasional (Piala Donya 2006), kadadosan ''perang'' penawaran dhateng juru main punika, salah satunggalipun inggih punika klub [[Inggris]] [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], ingkang badhé mbayar € 15 yuta kanggé jasa Ribéry. Nanging Arsenal badhé kawon déning klub [[Spanyol, [[Real Madrid]], ingkang wantun mbayar Ribéry kanthi regi € 30 yuta, miturut diréktur Marseille.<ref>{{Cite news|work=The Guardian |location=UK | date= 11 Juli 2006 | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2006/jul/11/newsstory.realmadrid| title=Real's £26m to trump Arsenal's pursuit of winger Ribéry | accessdate= 31 Maret 2013 | first=Matt | last=Scott}}</ref> Sainganipun, Olympique Lyon, ugi mburu jasa saking Ribéry, kanthi présidhèn [[Pape Diouf]] nuduh [[Jean-Michel Aulas]] sampun nyelaki Ribéry nalika kapanggihaken présidhèn Lyon mau ngunjungi tim nasional Perancis lan Ribéry nalika Piala Donya 2006 kalaksanan.<ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11806_2381435,00.html | title = Diouf accuses Aulas over Ribery| accessdate = 31 Maret 2013| publisher=Sky Sports }}</ref> Diouf lajeng ngancem badhé nglaporaken tumindakipun Aulas dhateng Ligue de Football Professionnel.<ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11806_2381841,00.html | title = L'OM to report Lyon over Ribery | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013| publisher=Sky Sports }}</ref> He also went as far as to accuse Ribéry's former agent, Bruno Heiderscheid, of badly advising the player.<ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11806_2385837,00.html | title = Ribery war of words continues | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013| publisher=Sky Sports }}</ref> Éwadéné transfer mangsa panas ramé sanget, nanging Marseille nengenaken bilih Ribéry taksih gadhah kontrak sekawan taun kaliyan Marseille.<ref>{{Cite news| publisher=British Broadcasting Company | date= 15 Oktober 2006 | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/a/arsenal/6052656.stm| title=Ribery agent makes Arsenal claim | accessdate= 31 Maret 2013}}</ref> 11 Agustus 2006, Ribéry ngandharaken bilih piyambakipun badhé tetep dumunung ing klub Marseille sakbotenipun wonten ing mangsa 2006-2007.<ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11810_2386294,00.html | title = Ribery in Marseille U-turn | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013| publisher=Sky Sports }}</ref> [[File:Ribéry OM LOSC Vélodrome.jpg|thumb|right|Franck Ribéry padudon dhateng wasit [[Hervé Piccirillo]]]] Ribéry sapunika samsaya kondhang, ugi minggahaken spèkulasi saking panulis lan pandhukung bilih Marseille badhé menangaken Gelar Ligue 1 kapisananipun wiwit mangsa 1991-1992. Piyambakipun miwiti mangsa 2006-2007 kanthi menangaken skor inggil (3-0) wonten ing tetandhingan kaping kalihipun nalika nglawan AJay Auxerre.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuilleMatch.asp?saison=2006/2007&code_evt=&code_jr_tr=J03&num_ordre=1 | title = Auxerre v. Marseille Match Report | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013 | publisher=lfp.fr | language = French}}</ref> Nanging wonten ing sisa mangsa palastra, Ribéry boten saged damel gol. 11 November 2006, piyambakipun cedera pangkal paha, lan Marseille kawon saking Lille 1-0.<ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11810_2395878,00.html | title = Ribery blow for L'OM | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013| publisher=Sky Sports }}</ref> Cedera punika njalari Ribéry kedah ngaso kanggé sapérangan minggu, lan saged main malih sasampuning mangsa dingin. Nalika bibar mangsa dingin, wiwit Januari, piyambakipun saged damel kalih gol kanggé ndhèrèkaken Marseille ngasoraken Auxerre.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuilleMatch.asp?saison=2006/2007&code_evt=&code_jr_tr=J21&num_ordre=4 | title = Marseille v. Auxerre Match Report | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013 | publisher=lfp.fr | language = French}}</ref> Wulan candhakipun, Ribéry cedera patah kaki nalika nglawan [[Toulouse FC|Toulouse]].<ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11810_2406547,00.html | title = Ribery suffers injury blow | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013| publisher=Sky Sports }}</ref> Cedera punika njalari piyambakipun boten saged ndhèrèk sekawan tetandhingan, sarta tetandhingan ing Coupe de France. April 2007, Ribéry mungkasi tetandhingan liga kanthi damel gol ''back to back'' nalika Marseille ngasoraken [[FC Sochaux-Montbéliard|Sochaux]] lan [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]] wonten ing tetandhingan sanèsipun.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuilleMatch.asp?saison=2006/2007&code_evt=&code_jr_tr=J34&num_ordre=5 | title = Marseille v. Sochaux Match Report | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013 | publisher=lfp.fr | language = French}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuilleMatch.asp?saison=2006/2007&code_evt=&code_jr_tr=J35&num_ordre=4 | title = Monaco v. Marseille Match Report | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013 | publisher=lfp.fr | language = French}}</ref> Wonten ing Coupe de France, Marseille saged dumugi final kaping kalih kanthi berturut kaliyan Ribéry, sasampuning ngasoraken Nantes 3-0 wonten ing babak semifinal. Wonten ing babak final Coupe de France, Marseille langkung dipununggulaken tinimbang Sochaux, tim punika sampun sasétu dominan wonten ing 12 dinten sadrèngèipun. Nanging, Sochaux gadhah rékor menang 5-4 saking Marseille wonten ing babak adu pinalti sasampunipun main imbang 2-2 dumugi babak tambahan. Tetandhingan final Ribéry sareng Marseille nalika menang 1-0 saking [[CS Sedan Ardennes|Sedan]] wonten ing tetandhingan pungkasan ing mangsa punika.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuilleMatch.asp?saison=2006/2007&code_evt=&code_jr_tr=J38&num_ordre=4 | title = Marseille v. Sedan Match Report | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013 | publisher=lfp.fr | language = French}}</ref> Kamenangan punika mapanaken Marseille wonten ing posisi kalih, urutan paling apik wiwit mangsa 1998-1999. Wonten ing pungkasaning mangsa punika Ribéry pikantuk penghargaan Pemain Paling Apik Perancis saking Berita Ulah raga Perancis, ''[[France Football]]''. Penghargaan punika mandhegaken penghargaan dhateng [[Thierry Henry]] ingkang sampun sekawan taun pikantuk gelar punika.<ref>{{cite web | publisher=ABC Ostrali | date=17 Dhésèmber 2007 | url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/12/17/2120180.htm | title=Ribery wins French Player of the Year award | accessdate=31 Maret 2013}} {{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ===[[FC Bayern München]]=== ====Mangsa 2007-2008==== [[Gambar:Ribery-3.jpg|thumb|Franck Ribéry mlebet klub Bayern München]] Tanggal 7 Juni 2007, klub [[Jerman]] [[FC Bayern München]] mbiwarakaken bilih sampun sarujuk kaliyan klub Marseille kanggé béya transfer Ribéry, pemain punika sarujuk napak asmani kontrak sekawan taun kaliyan [[Bayern]] kanthi rékor transfer klub (€ 25 yuta) dhateng Marseille.<ref name=Bayern>{{Cite news| publisher=[[Sky Sports]]| date=7 Juni 2006| url=http://home.skysports.com/list.aspx?hlid=470770&CPID=22&clid=156&lid=2&title=German+giants+recruit+Ribery&channel=football_home&| title=German giants recruit Ribéry| accessdate=31 Maret 2013| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609141356/http://home.skysports.com/list.aspx?hlid=470770&CPID=22&clid=156&lid=2&title=German+giants+recruit+Ribery&channel=football_home&| archive-date=2007-06-09| url-status=live}}</ref> Ribéry ugi kaparingan angka 7 wonten ing klub punika, sasampuning angka 7 punika dipuntilar déning gelandhang [[Mehmet Scholl]], ingkang pènsiun wonten ing mangsa sadèrèngipun.<ref name=Bayern2>{{cite web| publisher=FCBayern.com| date= 7 Juni 2006 | url=http://www.fcbayern.t-com.de/en/news/news/2007/12082.php?fcb_sid=ba11518da57488d726427954441cd3a3| title=FCB unveil star signings Ribéry and Toni | accessdate= 31 Maret 2013}}</ref> Piyambakipun damel debut kapisanan kaliyan Bayern satunggal wulan candhakipun, kanthi damel 2 gol nalika Bayern menang 18-0 wonten ing tetandhingan exibisi kaliyan FT Gern. Debut Ribéry ingkang resmi wonten ing Liga tanggal 21 Juli 2007, nalika Bayern main kaliyan [[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]] wonten ing tetandhingan kapisanan ing DVB Pokal, damel kalih gol lan assist wonten ing kamenangan 4-1.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 21 Juli 2007 | url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/ligapokal/2008/vorrunde/bremen-bmuenchen/| title=SV Werder Bremen – FC Bayern München Match Report | accessdate= 31 Maret 2013 | language = German}}</ref> Wonten ing semifinal, piyambakipun damel gol wonten ing kamenangan Bayern saking juara bertahan, [[VfB Stuttgart]].<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 25 Juli 2007 | url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/ligapokal/2008/halbfinale/vfbstuttgart-bmuenchen/ | title=VfB Stuttgart – FC Bayern München Match Report | accessdate= 31 Maret 2013 | language = German}}</ref> Amargi cedera, Ribéry boten saged main wonten ing babak final ingkang kamenangaken déning Bayern. [[File:Franck Ribery 2008.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Franck Ribéry nalika saweg latihan kaliyan Bayern Munich]] Ribéry damel gol kapisanan kaliyan Bayern nalika tanggal 18 Agustus nalika nglawan Bremen saking titik pénalti.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 18 Agustus 2007 | url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2008/2/bremen-bmuenchen/ | title=Bayern zauberte weiter | accessdate= 31 Maret 2013 | language = German}}</ref> Piyambakipun boten damel gol malih sadanguning kalih wulan, sadèrèngipun Ribéry kasil damel gol lan assist nalika Bayern menang 2-1 nglawan [[VfL Bochum|Bochum]].<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 20 Oktober 2007 | url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2008/10/bochum-bmuenchen/ | title=Angst vor der eigenen Courage | accessdate= 31 Maret 2013 | language = German}}</ref> Wulan candhakipun, Ribéry ugi kasil nindakaken préstasi punika kanthi maringi assist dhateng [[Miroslav Klose]] lan damel satunggal gol nalika menang 2-1 nglawan [[VfL Wolfsburg|Wolfsburg]].<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 24 Novèmber 2007 | url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2008/14/bmuenchen-wolfsburg/ | title=Zuletzt noch gezittert | accessdate= 31 Maret 2013 | language = German}}</ref> Wonten ing Piala Jerman, piyambakipun damel kalih gol lan sekawan assist wonten ing gangsal tetandhingan [[FC Bayern München]]. Ribéry damel gol kapisanan ing kompetisi punika tanggal 27 Pebruari 2008 nalika Bayern ngasoraken tim satunggal kutha, [[TSV 1860 München|1860 Munich]]. kanthi Ribéry damel satungalipun gol saking pinalti wonten ing babak tambahan.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 27 Fèbruari 2008 | url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/dfb/2008/viertelfinale/bmuenchen-1860muenchen/ | title=FC Bayern München – TSV 1860 München Match Report | accessdate= 31 Maret 2013 | language = German}}</ref> Wonten ing semifinal, Ribéry damel gol pambuka nalika Bayern menang 2-0 nglawan Wolfsburg, saèngga Bayern saged mlampah dumugi babak final saperlu kapanggih kaliyan [[Borussia Dortmund]].<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 19 Maret 2008 | url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/dfb/2008/halbfinale/bmuenchen-wolfsburg/ | title=Akt der Selbstverständlichkeit | accessdate= 31 Maret 2013 | language = German}}</ref> Wonten ing babak final DFB-Pokal, Ribéry maringi assist dhateng gol pambuka [[Luca Toni]] wonten ing menit kaping 11. Bayern menang 2-1 saking Dortmund kanggé ngrengkuh gelar Piala Jerman ingkang angka 14 kanggé Bayern.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 19 April 2008| url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/dfb/2008/finale/dortmund-bmuenchen/ | title=Keine Sensation | accessdate= 31 Maret 2013 | language = German}}</ref> Wonten ing Piala UEFA, bat=yern dumugi babak semifinal kanthi Ribéry damel 3 gol wonten ing kompetisi punika kalebet 1 nalika nglawan klub [[Spanyol]] [[Getafe CF|Getafe]], wonten ing babak perempatfinal. Total, Ribéry sampun main kaping 46 kanthi damel 16 gol lan 17 assist, kanthi Bayern kasil ngrengkuh 2 gelar ing mangsa punika. Kanggé kasil usahanipun, 8 Juni 2008, Ribéry pikantuk gelar Pemain Paling Apik Jerman of The Year.<ref name="bayern">{{cite web| url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2008/17187.php?fcb_sid=36c0186a7eec4f2f025f0bbfe18ff771 | title=Ribéry named Footballer of the Year| publisher=fcbayern.de | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013 | date= 8 Juni 2008}}</ref> Piyambakipun ugi pikantuk gelar Pemain Paling Apik Perancis of The Year kaping kalih.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=France Football | date= 7 Dhésèmber 2008 | url=http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2008/20081207_130817_ribery-joueur-francais-de-l-annee.html | title=Ribéry, joueur français de l'année | accessdate= 31 Maret 2013 | language = French}}</ref> ==Mangsa 2008-2009== Amargi ligamèn wonten ing sukunipun suwèk nalika ajang Euro 2008, Ribéry miwiti mangsa kaliyan Bayern wiwit tanggal 24 September 2008 wonten ing tetandhingan Piala Jerman nglawan Nuremberg minangka pemain pengganti ing menit kaping 65.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 24 Sèptèmber 2008| url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/dfb/2009/runde2/bmuenchen-nuernberg/ | title=FC Bayern München – 1. FC Nürnberg Match Report | accessdate= 6 April 2013 | language = German}}</ref> Piyambakipun damel debut kaliyan Bayern wonten ing Liga Jerman mangsa 2008-2009, tigang dinten candhakipun, lan sasampuning satunggal wulan piyambakipun main, piyambakipun damel gol ingkang angka 1 ing mangsa punika nalika menang 4-2 nglawan Wolfsburg.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 25 Oktober 2008| url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2009/9/bmuenchen-wolfsburg/ | title=Historische Wende | accessdate= 6 April 2013 | language = German}}</ref> Sasampuning tetandhingan punika, Ribéry nglajengaken anggènipun damel gol, paling boten damel satunggal gol wonten ing 5 tetandhingan liga, sabandhing kaliyan Bayern ingkang boten kasor wonten ing wekdal ingkang sami. Tanggal 10 Dhésèmber, Ribéry damel satunggal gol lan 2 assist nalika Bayern menang 3-2 saking Lyon ing Liga Champions. Kanggé penampilan sadanguning taun 2008, piyambakipun mapan ing posisi angka 3, sawingkingipun [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] lan [[Lionel Messi]] kanggé penghargaan d'Or Onze. Ribéry ugi kapilih déning majalah France Football Perancis kanggé penghargaan Ballon d'Or taun 2008,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Messi, Ronaldo lead Ballon d'Or short list |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/soccer/10/20/ballon.dor/index.html?eref=si_soccer |publisher=Cable News Network |date=20 Oktober 2008 |accessdate=6 April 2013 |archive-date=2 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102223001/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/soccer/10/20/ballon.dor/index.html?eref=si_soccer |url-status=dead }}</ref> ingkang kamenangaken déning Cristiano Ronaldo. Ribéry miwiti taun 2009 wonten ing Piala Jerman kanthi menang 5-1 saking klub Stuttgart, Ribéry ugi urun pambiyantu wonten ing kamenangan punika.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 27 Januari 2009| url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/dfb/2009/achtelfinale/vfbstuttgart-bmuenchen/ | title= VfB Stuttgart – FC Bayern München Match Report | accessdate= 6 April 2013 | language = German}}</ref> Tanggal 24 Fèbruari 2009, piyambakipun damel kalih gol nalika Bayern menang 5-0 saking klub [[Portugal]], Sporting, wonten ing lèg kapisanan babak 16 besar.<ref>{{cite web | publisher=Bild | date=26 Fèbruari 2009 | url=http://www.bild.de/BILD/news/bild-english/sport-news/football/bundesliga/2009/02/26/bayern-munich-win-5-0/jurgen-klinsmann-joy-as-sporting-lisbon-endure-champions-league-thrashing.html | title=Five-star performance eases pressure on Jurgen Klinsmann | accessdate=6 April 2013 | archive-date=29 April 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429013236/http://www.bild.de/BILD/news/bild-english/sport-news/football/bundesliga/2009/02/26/bayern-munich-win-5-0/jurgen-klinsmann-joy-as-sporting-lisbon-endure-champions-league-thrashing.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayern lajeng kasor kanthi agrégat 5-1 déning juara [[Spanyol]] Barcelona, wonten ing babak salajengipun kanthi Ribery damel satunggaling gol panglipur ing lèg kaping kalih.<ref>{{Cite news|work=The Guardian |location=UK | date= 14 April 2009 | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/apr/14/champions-league-bayern-munich-barcelona-minute-by-minute | title=Champions League: Bayern Munich v Barcelona – as it happened | accessdate= 6 April 2013 | first=Rob | last=Smyth}}</ref> Wonten ing liga, Bayern gagal netepaken gelar Bundesliga, éwadéné namung kasor kaping kalih wonten ing 13 tetandhingan pungkasanipun, Bayern kasor déning Wolfsburg. Ribéry mungkasi mangsa kanthi 36 penampilan kanthi damel 14 gol lan 19 assist. ==== Mangsa 2009–2010==== {{Quote box | width=30% | align=right | quote= "Kula ndongan mug-mugi Ribéry boten pindhah. Tumrap kula, piyambakipun langkung saking [[Lionel Messi]] lan [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] minangka pemain paling apik ing donya." |source= <small> Saking pemain lan présidhèn [[FC Bayern München]],[[Franz Beckenbauer]], Masa ngajengipun Ribéry wonten ing klub punika.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=1078130.html |title=Beckenbauer: It all went to plan |publisher=FIFA |date=30 Juni 2009 |accessdate=6 April 2013 |archive-date=6 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106045820/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=1078130.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> </small> }} Sasampuning mangsa 2008-09, spèkulasi konstan wiwit medal ngéngingi kawontenan Ribéry ing bursa transfer. Éwadéné présidhèn Bayern, Uli Hoeness, èksekutif Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, lan manajer ènggal [[Louis van Gaal]] ngandharaken bilih Ribéry boten badhé dipunsadé, manéka média ngandharaken bilih klub-klub [[Inggris]], [[Chelsea F.C.]] lan [[Manchester United F.C.]], klub Spanyol [[Barcelona]] lan [[Real Madrid CF]], saha Internazionale Italia gadhah minat dhateng Ribéry, saking kathah klub, anggènipun pasang regi kirang langkung sami, € 65 yuta kanggé pemain punika<ref>{{Cite news|work=The Guardian |location=UK | date= 23 Novèmber 2009 | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/nov/23/football-transfer-rumours-rooney-manchester-united | title=Football transfer rumours: Franck Ribéry to Chelsea or Real Madrid? | accessdate= 6 April 2013 | first=Barry | last=Glendenning}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=The Guardian |location=UK | date= 5 Mèi 2009 | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/may/05/manchester-united-franck-ribery-bayern-munich-cristiano-ronaldo | title=Manchester United launch £63m bid for Bayern Munich's Franck Ribéry | accessdate= 6 April 2013 | first=Raphael | last=Honigstein}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=The Guardian |location=UK | date= 16 Juni 2009 | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/jun/16/franck-ribery-bayern-munich-chelsea-manchester-united-barcelona | title=Chelsea, Manchester United and Barcelona all bid for Franck Ribéry | accessdate= 6 April 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| publisher=The Telegraph | date= 18 Juni 2009 | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/5567065/Real-Madrid-optimistic-over-Franck-Ribery-signing.html | title=Real Madrid optimistic over Franck Ribery signing | accessdate= 6 April 2003 | location=London}}</ref> Kangge ngleremaken bab punika, Hoeness ngandharaken bilih Ribery badhé nilaraken Bayern manawi wonten ingkang kersa mbayar boten kirang saking € 100 yuta.<ref>{{Cite news| publisher=The Telegraph | date= 30 Mèi 2009 | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/5411767/Chelsea-quoted-100-million-for-Franck-Ribery.html | title=Chelsea quoted €100&nbsp;million for Franck Ribery | accessdate= 6 April 2013 | location=London}}</ref> Ribéry miwiti mangsa 2009-10 kanthi berjuang nglawan [[tendonitis]] ing dengkul kiringipun, nanging sampun kiyat main lan miwiti mangsa punika kanthi gol kapisanan ingkang dipundamel nalika Bayern menang 5-1 nglawan [[Borussia Dortmund]] saking tendhangan bébas.<ref name="ribéry_injury1">{{Cite news|work=New York Times | date= 2 Agustus 2009| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/03/sports/soccer/03iht-SOCCER.html | title= For Ribéry, a Waiting Game | accessdate= 6 April 2013 | first=Rob | last=Hughes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 12 Sèptèmber 2009| url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2010/5/dortmund-bmuenchen/ | title= Auf der Überholspur | accessdate= 6 April 2013 | language = German}}</ref> Gol punika boten dipunrayakaken déning Ribéry. Sasampunipun damel gol saking tendhangan bébas, Ribéry mlajar ngléwati lapangan lan malumpat dhateng manajer Louis van Gaal, saèngga saged ngindhar saking sapérangan kanca ingkang badhé ngrayakaken.<ref>{{Cite news|work=The Guardian |location=UK | date= 14 Sèptèmber 2009| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/blog/2009/sep/14/bundesliga-franck-ribery-bayern-munich | title= Franck Ribéry and Louis van Gaal discover the power of love | accessdate= 6 April 2013 | first=Raphael | last=Honigstein}}</ref> Sami nedahaken raos jenjem ingkang mungkasi pawarta saking média manawi kakalihipun gadhah gayutan ingkang boten saé.<ref>{{Cite news| publisher=The Telegraph| date= 1 Sèptèmber 2009| url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/6121141/Franck-Ribery-admits-concerns-with-Bayern-Munich-coach-Louis-van-Gaal.html | title= Franck Ribery admits concerns with Bayern Munich coach Louis van Gaal | accessdate= 6 April 2013 | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| publisher=The Telegraph| date= 1 Sèptèmber 2009| url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1210461/Bayern-Munich-star-Franck-Ribery-puts-Chelsea-Real-Madrid-alert-admits-relationship-coach-Louis-van-Gaal-difficult.html | title= Bayern Munich star Franck Ribery puts Chelsea and Real Madrid on alert as he admits relationship with coach Louis van Gaal is difficult | accessdate= 6 April 2013 | location=London}}</ref> Wonten ing wiwitan Oktober, tendinitis wiwit maringi prabawa dhateng penampilanipun, saéngga Ribéry kedah lèrèn wonten ing dumugi pungkasan taun, sarta boten saged mbela Perancis wonten ing tetandhingan playoff Piala Donya nglawan Tim Nasional [[Républik Irlandia]].<ref>{{Cite news|work=The Guardian |location=UK | date= 22 Oktober 2009| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/oct/22/franck-ribery-world-cup-play-off | title= Franck Ribéry out of France's World Cup play-off with Ireland | accessdate= 6 April 2013 }}</ref> Ribéry saged main malih kanggé Bayern wiwit tanggal 23 Januari 2010 nalika dados pemain pengganti, Bayern menang 3–2 saking Werder Bremen wonten ing Liga.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 23 Januari 2010| url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2010/19/bremen-bmuenchen/ | title= Bayern gewann noch zu niedrig | accessdate= 6 April 2013 | language = German}}</ref> Gol kapisanan Ribéry wonten ing taun énggal tanggal 10 Fèbruari, kadamel nalika Bayern menang 6–2 wonten ing ajang [[DFB-Pokal]] nglawan [[SpVgg Greuther Fürth]].<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Kicker | date= 10 Fèbruari 2010 | url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2009-10/4/993584/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_spvgg-greuther-fuerth-82.html | title=Bayern München – SpVgg Greuther Fürth | language = German | accessdate= 6 April 2013}}</ref> Tanggal 31 Maret, gol Ribéry minangka gol panyeimbang nalika Bayern menang 2-1 saking klub Inggris [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] wonten ing lèg kapisan babak perempat final Liga Champions, sasampunipun mamfaataken tendhangan bébas, ing pundi sadèrèngipun bal kènging [[striker]] [[Wayne Rooney]] sadèrèngipun mlebet gawang.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=UEFA.com | date= 30 Maret 2010| url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2010/matches/round=2000030/match=2000477/postmatch/report/index.html | title=Last-gasp Olić earns Bayern victory| accessdate= 6 April 2013}}</ref> Wonten ing tetandhingan candhakipun, Ribéry damel gol pambuka nalika Bayern menang 2-1 saking [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke]].<ref>{{Cite news|work=New York Times | date= 4 April 2010| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/05/sports/soccer/05iht-CUP.html | title=With 10 Men, Bayern Still Deposes Schalke| accessdate= 6 April 2013}}</ref> Tanggal 20 April Ribéry dipunusir déning [[wasit]] [[Roberto Rosetti]] wonten ing lèg kapisan semi-final Liga Champions nglawan [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]] sasampuniing kadakwa nindakaken pelanggaran dhateng striker Lyon, [[Lisandro López|Lisandro]].<ref>{{cite web| publisher=UEFA | date= 20 April 2010 | url = http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2010/matches/round=2000031/match=2000486/postmatch/report/index.html | title = Robben tips balance Bayern's way | accessdate= 6 April 2013}}</ref> Kedadosan punika njalari Ribéry boten saged main wonten ing lèg angka kalih wonten ing [[Lyon]], ing pundi Bayern menang lan mlebet babak Final UEFA Champions League 2010.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=UEFA | date= 27 April 2010 | url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2010/matches/round=2000031/match=2000485/postmatch/report/index.html | title=Olić treble takes brilliant Bayern to Madrid | accessdate= 6 April 2013}}</ref> Tanggal 28 April, Ribéry kénging sanksi 3 tetandhingan dhedhasar kaputusan saking [[UEFA]].<ref>{{cite web| publisher=UEFA | date= 28 April 2010 | url=http://www.uefa.com/uefa/footballfirst/matchorganisation/disciplinary/news/newsid=1482249.html?autoplay=true | title=Three-match ban for Ribéry | accessdate= 6 April 2013}}</ref> Paukuman punika njalari Ribéry boten saged main wonten ing babak final.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=[[Daily Mail]] | date= 28 April 2010 | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1269495/Franck-Riberys-Champions-League-dream-dashed-UEFA-ban-Bayern-Munich-star-Bernabeu-final.html | title=Franck Ribery's Champions League dream dashed as UEFA ban Bayern Munich star from Bernabeu final | accessdate= 6 April 2013}}</ref> Saking punika, Bayern nedahaken bilih klub badhé ngawontenaken bandhing.<ref>{{Cite news| publisher=Britist Broadcasting Company | date= 28 April 2010 | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/8649138.stm | title=Bayern Munich launch Franck Ribery suspension appeal | accessdate= 6 April 2013}}</ref> Tanggal 5 Mèi, bandhing klub dipunmirengaken déning Badan Bandhing UEFA lan bab larangan Ribéry, dipuntengenaken bilih Ribéry boten namung boten saged main ing babak final tanggal 22 Mèi, nanging ugi badhé kicalan tetandhingan candhakipun wonten ing Éropa kanggé njangkepi syarat paukuman.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=UEFA | date= 5 Mèi 2010 | url=http://www.uefa.com/uefa/footballfirst/matchorganisation/disciplinary/news/newsid=1485200.html#riberys+three+match+upheld | title=Ribéry's three-match ban upheld | accessdate= 6 April 2013}}</ref> Saking kaputusan punika, Bayern mbiwarakaken niatipun ingkang badhé ngajukaken bandhing dhateng Pangadilan Arbitrasi Ulah raga.<ref>{{cite web | publisher=ESPN | date=5 Mèi 2010 | url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=782184&sec=uefachampionsleague&cc=5901 | title=Bayern go to CAS after Ribery appeal rejected | accessdate=6 April 2013 | archive-date=10 May 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510070755/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=782184 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Tanggak 15 mei, Ribéry damel gol ingkang angka 3 kanggé Bayern nalika ngasoraken Werder Bremen 4-0 wonten ing Final [[DFB-Pokal]] taun 2009-2010. Kalih dinten candhakipun, bandhing kanggé Ribéry wonten ing Pangadilan Arbitrasi Ulah raga medal lan kasilipun sami kémawon manawi piyambakipun boten saged main wonten ing babak final Liga Champions nglawan [[FC Internazionale Milano|Inter]] tanggal 22 Mèi.<ref>{{cite web | publisher=ESPN | date=17 Mèi 2010 | url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=788127&sec=uefachampionsleague&cc=5901&campaign=rss&source=soccernet | title=Franck Ribery to miss final as CAS reject appeal | accessdate=6 April 2013 | archive-date=23 October 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023084206/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=788127&sec=uefachampionsleague&cc=5901&campaign=rss&source=soccernet | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| publisher=France Football | date= 17 Mèi 2010 | url=http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100517_182821_ribery-est-bien-suspendu.html | title=Ribéry est bien suspendu pour la finale | accessdate= 6 April 2013 | language = French}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=The Guardian |location=UK | date= 17 Mèi 2010 | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2010/may/17/franck-ribery-misses-champions-league | title= Franck Ribéry to miss Champions League final| accessdate= 6 April 2013 }}</ref> Bayern kasor 2-0 saking Inter.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=UEFA | date= 22 Mèi 2010 | url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2010/matches/round=2000032/match=2000488/postmatch/report/index.html | title=Milito ends Inter's long wait | accessdate= 6 April 2013}}</ref> Tanggal 20 Mèi, dipunbiwarakaken déning ariwarti [[Jerman]], [[Bild]] bilih Ribéry sampun sarujuk dhateng kontrak énggal kanthi wekdal 5 taun kaliyan Bayern Munich lan ugi dipuntedahaken bilih pemain badhé napak asmani kontrak manawi sampun dugi ing [[Madrid]] kanggé mirsani kanca-kancanipun wonten ing babak final Liga Champions.<ref>{{cite web | publisher=Bild | date=20 Mèi 2010 | url=http://www.bild.de/BILD/sport/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/bayern/2010/05/20/franck-ribery/neuer-vertrag-vor-champions-league-finale.html | title=Neuer Vertrag für Ribéry | language=German | accessdate=6 April 2013 | archive-date=19 August 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819080859/http://www.bild.de/BILD/sport/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/bayern/2010/05/20/franck-ribery/neuer-vertrag-vor-champions-league-finale.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Tanggal 23 Mèi, satunggal dinten sasampuning babak final, klub pikantuk konfirmasi saking Ribéry bilih piyambakipun sarujuk napak asmani kontrak énggal.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Football Club Bayern Munich| date= 23 Mèi 2010 | url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/de/aktuell/news/2010/23590.php?fcb_sid=6c6654cea522b6b079058487c0fa251f | title=Ribéry verlängert bis 2015 |language = German | accessdate= 6 April 2013}}</ref> Wonten ing kontrak ingkang énggal Ribéry wonten ing klub dumugi taun 2015, lan éwadéné boten wonten kapesthén bab cacahing gaji taunan, sampun kasebar kabar bilih gajinipun antawis € 10 yuta saben taunipun, gaji taunan paling inggil ingkang naté dipunparingaken dhateng pemain sadanguning sajarah klub.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=France Football | date= 23 Mèi 2010 | url=http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100523_112700_ribery-signe-jusqu-en-2015.html | title=Ribéry signe jusqu'en 2015 |language = French | accessdate= 6 April 2013}}</ref> ===Mangsa 2010-2011=== Ribery miwiti mangsa kanthi séhat wonten ing ing taun [[2010]]-[[2011]] kanggé wekdal sepisanan ing sadangunipun piyambakipun nindakaken debut kaliyan klubipun. Piyambakipun inggih minangka pemain piala dunya ingkang sepisanan rawuh wonten ing pelatihan pra mangsa lan saged miwit debut kariéripun ing tanggal [[16 Agustus]] [[2010]] nalika Bayern menang 4-0 saking Germania Windeck wonten ing puteran kaping sapisan DFB Pokal. Wonten ing tetandhingan mau, Ribery saged nglebetaken gol ingkang sepisanan ing mangsa punika<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten| date= 16 Agustus 2010 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/dfb/2011/runde1/windeck-bmuenchen/ | title= Spielstatistik Germania Windeck – FC Bayern München |language = German | accessdate= 7 April 2013}}</ref>. Sekawan dinten salajengipun, piyambakipun paring pambiyantu dhateng gol ingkang kadamel déning [[Bastian Schweinsteiger]], wonten ing tetandhingan pambuka klubipun nglawan Wolfsburg<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten| date= 20 Agustus 2010 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2011/1/bmuenchen-wolfsburg/ | title= Attraktiver Bundesligastart |language = German | accessdate= 7 April 2013}}</ref>. Wonten ing tanggal 21 September, Ribéry kapeksa kedah nilaraken tim nalika saweg menang 2-1 saking Hoffenheimamargi kénging cedera pergelangan suku.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten| date= 21 Sèptèmber 2010 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2011/5/hoffenheim-bmuenchen/ | title= Bayern gewann das Spiel, verlor aber Ribery |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Cedera punika njalari Ribéry kedah ngaso sekawan minggu.<ref name="ribéry_injury2">{{cite web | publisher= [[ESPN]] | date= 22 Sèptèmber 2010 | url= http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=825760&cc=5901 | title= Bayern blow as Ribery ruled out for four weeks | accessdate= 21 April 2013 | archive-date= 23 October 2012 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121023222211/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=825760&cc=5901 | url-status= dead }}</ref> Ewadéné wonten ing kasil ing diagnosis awal Ribéry kedah ngléwataken tetandhingan kanthi wekdal kalih wulan, nanging piyambakipun saged gabung malih kaliyan tim nalika tanggal 14 November wonten ing tetandhingan nglawan Nuremberg.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten| date= 14 Novèmber 2010 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2011/12/bmuenchen-nuernberg/ | title= Eine vorhersehbare Geschichte |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Setunggal minggu candhakipun, Ribéry dipunkritik déning manajer Louis Van Gaal amargi penampilanipun rikala tetandhingan ujicoba nglawan Unterhaching.<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Agence France Presse]] | date= 19 Novèmber 2010 | url= http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iAGgAygi9PoOWfvWLNalArEJ3FsA?docId=CNG.019256bfe6ccb3a315e27f0faf7bcd07.7c1 | title= Van Gaal blasts Ribery over lack of effort | accessdate= 21 April 2013 | archiveurl= https://archive.today/20130125002120/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iAGgAygi9PoOWfvWLNalArEJ3FsA?docId=CNG.019256bfe6ccb3a315e27f0faf7bcd07.7c1 | archive-date= 25 January 2013 | url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten| date= 20 Novèmber 2010 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2011/13/leverkusen-bmuenchen/ | title= Ein Unentschieden für den BVB |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Nanging rikala tanggal 8 Dhésèmber, Ribéry damel kalih gol nalika Bayern menang 3-0 saking klub Switserlan, Basel wonten ing Liga Champions.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=[[UEFA|Union of European Football Associations]] | date= 8 Dhésèmber 2010 | url= http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2011/matches/round=2000118/match=2002897/postmatch/report/index.html | title= Ribéry at the double as Bayern beat Basel | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Rikala tanggal 15 Januari, wonten ing tetandhingan liga kapisanan Bayern sasampunipun ngaso ing mangsa dingin nglawan Wolfsburg, Ribéry ngalami cedera suku pérangan ngandhap wonten ing babak kapisan amargi dipunlanggar déning glandhang Braziian Josué.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=RTBF | date= 2 Fèbruari 2011 | url= http://www.rtbf.be/sport/football/detail_josue-presente-ses-excuses-a-ribery?id=5517913 | title= Josue présente ses excuses à Ribéry | language = French | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Laporan awal médhia nggambaraken cedera ingkang saéstu ingkangdipunalami Ribéry lan mungkin kémawon kedah nindakaken operasi kanggé nambani ligamen ingkang suwék.<ref>{{cite web|work=Le Figaro |location=France | date= 15 Januari 2011 | url= http://www.lefigaro.fr/football-clubs-etrangers/2011/01/15/02017-20110115ARTSPO00510-sale-journee-pour-le-bayern.php | title= La poisse pour Ribéry | language = French | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[ESPN]] | date= 16 Januari 2011 | url= http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/866497/bayern%27s-ribery-relief-as-injury-is-not-serious?cc=5901 | title= Ribery relief as injury is not serious | accessdate= 21 April 2013 | archive-date= 16 July 2012 | archive-url= https://archive.today/20120716142706/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/866497/bayern's-ribery-relief-as-injury-is-not-serious?cc=5901 | url-status= dead }}</ref> Nanging, sasampunipun médis nganalisi ingkang langkung tebih, cedera ingkang dipunalami déning Ribéry namung kesléo saéngga saged mantun kanthi wekdal kalih minggu.<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[FIFA|Fédération Internationale de Football Association]] | date= 16 Januari 2011 | url= http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=1365710.html | title= Ribery injury not as serious as feared | accessdate= 21 April 2013 | archive-date= 22 January 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110122142523/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=1365710.html | url-status= dead}}</ref> Piyambakipun wangsul wonten ing tim rikala tanggal 5 Fèbruari wonten ing tetandhingan liga nglawan Köln.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 5 Fèbruari 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2011/21/fckoeln-bmuenchen/ | title= Bayern ließ wieder Punkte liegen |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Rikala tanggal 12 Fèbruari, Ribéry damel kalih gol nalika Bayern menang 4-0 saking Hoffenheim.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 12 Fèbruari 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2011/22/bmuenchen-hoffenheim/ | title= Die Bayern waren diesmal die alten |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Tanggal 26 Fèbruari, piyambakipun ugi main nalika Bayern kasor 3-1 saking Borussia Dortmund.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 26 Fèbruari 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2011/24/bmuenchen-dortmund/ | title= Meisterschaft für Bayern endgültig abgehakt |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Wonten ing tetandhingan candhakipun nglawan Hannover 96,<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 5 Maret 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2011/25/hannover-bmuenchen/ | title= Götterdämmerung fürs Feierbiest |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> piyambakipun ngambali malih penampilanipun ingkang saé nalika damel maringi assist dhateng Arjen Robben. Sampun dipunakoni bilih wiwit tanggal 12 Maret minangka penampila paling apik saking Ribéry mangsa punika nalika piyambakipun saged damel gol lan paring 3 assist nalika menang 6-0 saking Hamburger SV.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 12 Maret 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2011/26/bmuenchen-hamburg/ | title= Nur Hamburg spielte wie eine lahme Ente |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Wonten ing tetandhingan Bayern candhakipun nglawan SC Freiburg, piyambakipun paring assist dhateng [[Mario Gomez]], lajeng damel satunggal gol kanggé kamenangan Bayern 2-1.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 19 Maret 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2011/27/freiburg-bmuenchen/ | title= FC Bayern entging weiteren Schäden |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Rikala nglawan [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]] tanggal 2 April, Ribéry paring satunggal assist dhateng Robben.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 2 April 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2011/28/bmuenchen-mgladbach/ | title= Sich selbst im Weg gestanden |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Tetandhingan candhakipun imbang 1-1 kaliyan FC Nuremberg tanggal 11 April.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 11 April 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2011/29/nuernberg-bmuenchen/ | title= Abschied von van Gaal nach dem FCB-Schlafwagenspiel |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Enem dinten candhakipun, Ribery damel gol pungkasan nalika Bayern menang 5-1 nglawan Bayer Leverkusen.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 17 April 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2011/30/bmuenchen-leverkusen/ | title= Bayern wie im Rausch |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| publisher=[[CNN|Cable News Network]] | date= 17 April 2011 | url= http://www.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/football/04/17/football.bayern.leverkusen.bundesliga/ | title= Bayern hammer Leverkusen to boost Champions League hopes | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> ==Mangsa 2011-2012== Saderengipun wiwitan mangsa 2011-12, Ribery kénging cedera pergelangan suku nalika latihan pra – mangsa, ing pundi piyambakipun kedah medal saking papan latihan.<ref name="ribéry_injury3">{{Cite news|publisher=Yahoo! | date= 24 Juli 2011 | url= http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/26072011/58/bundesliga-ribery-bayern-injury-scare.html | title= Bundesliga – Ribery in Bayern injury scare | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Ribéry ajrih kedah ngliwataken kathah tetandhingan, nanging, saking kasiling pamriksan, dipunandharaken bilih piyambakipun namung kedah ngaso satunggal tetandhingan.<ref>{{Cite news | publisher= [[Fußball-Bundesliga]] | date= 25 Juli 2011 | url= http://www.bundesliga.de/en/liga/news/2010/index.php?f=0000188862.php | title= Ribery to miss DFB Cup clash | accessdate= 21 April 2013 | archive-date= 22 July 2012 | archive-url= https://archive.today/20120722104349/http://www.bundesliga.de/en/liga/news/2010/index.php?f=0000188862.php | url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| publisher=Kicker.de | date= 1 Agustus 2011 | url= http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2011-12/1/1140230/spielbericht_eintracht-braunschweig-41_bayern-muenchen-14.html | title= Eintracht Braunschweig – Bayern München |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Ribéry miwiti mangsa punika satunggal minggu candhakipun wonten ing tetandhingan pambuka liga, nalika Bayern menang 1-0 saking Borussia Mönchengladbach.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 7 Agustus 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2012/1/bmuenchen-mgladbach/ | title= Faustdicke Überraschung in München |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Minggu candhakipun, piyambakipun paring assist dhateng gol ingkang kadamel déning Luiz Gustavo. Ribery damel gol kapisananipun wonten ing liga mangsa punika nalika nglawan Hamburger SV.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 13 Agustus 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2012/2/wolfsburg-bmuenchen/ | title= Last-Minute-Sieg der Bayern |language = German | access-date= 14 Sèptèmber 2011}}</ref> Ribéry scored his first goal of the campaign in the team's next league match against Hamburger SV.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 20 Agustus 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2012/3/bmuenchen-hamburg/ | title= Bayern verhaute den HSV schon wieder |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Bayern menang 5-0. Tanggal 10 September, piyambakipun damel kalih gol nalika Bayern menang 7-0 saking SC Freiburg.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 10 Sèptèmber 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2012/5/bmuenchen-freiburg/ | title= Die Münchner Torfabrik |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Setunggal minggu candhakipun, Ribéry paring assist kanggé kamenangan Bayern saking Schalke.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 18 Sèptèmber 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2012/6/schalke-bmuenchen/ | title= Bayern erlebten "Mia-san-mia"-Gefühl |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Wulan Oktober, Ribéry damel ‘’output’’ statistik malih sasampunipun damel gol lan assist kanggé kamenangan Bayern 4-0 saking Hertha Berlin.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 15 Oktober 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2012/9/bmuenchen-herthabsc/ | title= Ein Team voller Beckenbauers |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Tanggal 29 Oktober, piyambakipun damel gol kamenangan rikala nglawan Augsburg.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 29 Oktober 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2012/12/augsburg-bmuenchen/ | title= Nur so hoch wie sie mussten |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Wonten ing Liga Champions, Ribery damel gol kapisanan tanggal 22 November nglawan klub Spanyol, Villarreal wonten ing babak penyisihan grup. Piyambakipun damel satunggal gol nalika Bayern menang 3-1.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=[[UEFA|Union of European Football Associations]] | date= 3 Dhésèmber 2011 | url= http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2012/matches/round=2000263/match=2007634/postmatch/index.html | title= Bayern breeze past Villarreal into knockout stages | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Tanggal 3 Dhésèmber, Ribéry damel gol malih nalika Bayern menang 4-1 nglawan Werder Bremen.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 3 Dhésèmber 2011 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2012/15/bmuenchen-bremen/ | title= Alles wieder beim Alten |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Kamenangan Liga ndadosaken Bayern mapan ing posisi satunggal wonten ing liga ingkang ical wiwit November.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=[[Daily Mail]] | date= 6 Dhésèmber 2011 | url= http://worldfootball.dailymail.co.uk/2011/12/ | title= Bayern back on top as Inter's slump continues | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Ribery wiwit damel gol malih tanggal 8 Fèbruari kanggé kamenangan 2-0 saking VfB Stuttgart ing babak perempat final DFB-Pokal.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 8 Fèbruari 2012 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/dfb/2012/viertelfinale/vfbstuttgart-bmuenchen/ | title= VfB Stuttgart—FC Bayern München |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Gol ingkang dipundamel Ribéry sampun maringi kamenangan – kamenangan kanggé Bayern wiwit piyambakipun kagabung kaliyan Bayern taun 2007. [[Gambar:Ribery Mata Boateng.jpg|thumb|275px|upright|Ribéry (kiwa) rikala main wonten ing Final Liga Champions 2012]] Tanggal 26 Fèbruari, Ribéry damel kalih gol nalika nglawan Schalke.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 26 Fèbruari 2012 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2012/23/bmuenchen-schalke/ | title= Schon der Befreiungsschlag? |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Kalih minggu candhakipun, piyambakipun ugi paring pambiyantu nalika ngasoraken Hoffenheim kanthi skor 7-1, piyambakipun paring assist dhateng [[Toni Kroos]], [[Arjen Robben]], lan [[Mario Gomez]].<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 10 Maret 2012 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2012/25/bmuenchen-hoffenheim/ | title= Balsam für die Bayern-Seele |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Wonten ing babak semi-final DFB-Pokal, Ribéry damel gol ingkang angka kalih nalika menang 4-2 saking Borussia Mönchengladbach. Kamenangan ndadosaken Bayern mlebet babak Final Piala Jerman ingkang kaping 18.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fussballdaten | date= 21 Maret 2012 | url= http://www.fussballdaten.de/dfb/2012/halbfinale/mgladbach-bmuenchen/ | title= Bayern setzte sich im Elferschießen durch |language = German | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Tanggal 17 April, Ribéry damel gol pambuka nalika Bayern menang 2-1 saking klub Spanyol; Real Madrid wonten ing semi-final Liga Champions.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=[[UEFA|Union of European Football Associations]] | date= 17 April 2012 | url= http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2012/matches/round=2000266/match=2007690/postmatch/report/index.html | title= Last-gasp Gomez gives Bayern edge over Madrid | accessdate= 21 April 2013}}</ref> Kalih dinten candhakipun, Jerman Sport Bild nglapuraken bilih Ribéry gelut kaliyan Robben ing ruang ganti.<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Bild]] | date= 20 April 2012 | url= http://sportbild.bild.de/SPORT/bundesliga/vereine/fc-bayern-muenchen/2012/04/19/franck-ribery-gegen-arjen-robben/kabinen-eklat-bei-bayern.html | title= Kabinen-Eklat! Ribéry zofft sich mit Robben | language= German | accessdate= 21 April 2013 | archive-date= 1 October 2012 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121001072416/http://sportbild.bild.de/SPORT/bundesliga/vereine/fc-bayern-muenchen/2012/04/19/franck-ribery-gegen-arjen-robben/kabinen-eklat-bei-bayern.html | url-status= dead }}</ref> Wonten ing tetandhingan candhakipun nglawan Werder Bremen, Ribéry main minangka pemain pengganti lan saged damel gol ing menit kaping 90.<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Sports Illustrated]] | date= 21 April 2012 | url= http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/soccer/wires/04/21/2080.ap.soc.german.roundup.2nd.ld.writethru.0551/index.html | title= Ribery puts Dortmund title celebrations on hold | accessdate= 21 April 2013 | archive-date= 26 October 2013 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131026202814/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/soccer/wires/04/21/2080.ap.soc.german.roundup.2nd.ld.writethru.0551/index.html | url-status= dead }}</ref> Tanggal 12 Mèi 2012, Ribery damel gol malih wonten ing DFB-Pokal nalika Bayern kasor 5-2 saking Borussia Dortmund. Wonten ing babak ing tetandhingan Final Liga Champions UEFA 2012 piyambakipun kagantosaken amargi kénging cedera sasampunipun dipunlanggar déning [[Didier Drogba]]. Pungkasanipun Bayern kasor wonten ing babak adu pénalti. == Mangsa 2019-2020 == Ribéry ninggalaké klub kang sampun dibélani sadanguné mèh 12 taun, jalaran sampun dianggep sepuh kalihan kasoran saing pemain-pemain kang langkung enèm kadosta [[Serge Gnabry]], [[Kingsley Coman]], lan sanèsipun. Ribéry mutusaken boten nambah mangsa baktinipun wonten FC Hollywood, nanging milih pindah dhateng kitha [[Florence]] nenggih ing klub Serie A, [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]]. ==Kariér Internasional== Saderengipun makili tim senior, Ribéry naté mlebet tim Perancis U-21 ing pundi piyambakipun menang wonten ing seleksi kapisanan tanggal 3 September 2004 kanggé kamenangan 1-0 saking [[Israèl]] wonten ing kualifikasi kanggé taun 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship. Ribéry damel gol kapisananipun kangg tim Perancis U-21 gangsal dinten candhakipun nalika Perancis menang 1-0 saking [[Slowak]] wonten ing tetandhingan uji coba. Tanggal 15 November 2005, piyambakipun ugi damel gol nalika Perancis nglawan [[Inggris]] wonten ing tetandhingan kualifikasi kanthi agrégat 3-2 saéngga Perancis saged mlebet final. Total wonten ing U-21 Ribéry main wonten ing 13 tetandhingan kanthi nyumang 2 gol. Ribéry pikantuk tetandhingan kapisananipun wonten ing tim sénior nalika menang 1-0 saking [[Meksiko]] tanggal 27 Mèi 2006 nalika main minangka pemain penggati wonten ing menit kaping 74 ingkang lajeng paring assist dhateng striker [[David Trézeguet]]. Tanggal 27 Juni, piyambakipun damel gol kapisananipun wonten ing tim sénior nalika Perancis menang 3-1 saking Spanyol wonten ing babak 16 besar Piala Donya 2006 Piyambakipun ugi main wonten ing babak Final nalika Perancis kasor saking Italia wonten ing adu pénalti. ==Statistik Kariér== ===Klub=== <!-- NOTE: when updating stats, update the infobox too! --> : ''Statistics accurate as of 30 Maret 2013.''{{#tag:ref|Franck Ribéry career statistics are tallied in the attached sources.<ref name="ribery_boulogne"/><ref name="ribery_ales"/><ref name="ribery_brest"/><ref name="espn">{{cite web | url = http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/42968/franck-ribery?cc=5739 | title = Franck Ribéry Bio, Stats, News | publisher = ESPN | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013 | archive-date = 2010-07-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100730100049/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/42968/franck-ribery?cc=5739 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.skysports.com/football/player/0,19754,11890_298190,00.html | title = Franck Ribéry History | work=skysports.com | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.omplanete.com/olympiquedemarseille/joueur180.html | title = Franck Ribéry | work = OM Planete | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013 | language = French | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110910140931/http://www.omplanete.com/olympiquedemarseille/joueur180.html | archive-date = 2011-09-10 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/riberyfranck/ | title = Franck Ribery – Die Karriere | work=Fussballdaten.de | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013 |language = German }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.stat2foot.com/mclubs/metz0405.htm | title = METZ 2004/2005 | work=Stat 2 Foot | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013 |language = French }}</ref>|group="nb"}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !rowspan="2"|Klub !rowspan="2"|Mangsa !colspan="3"|Liga !colspan="3"|Cup<ref>Includes cups competitions such as the [[Coupe de France]], [[Coupe de la Ligue]], [[Türkiye Kupası|Turkish Cup]], [[DFB-Pokal]]</ref> !colspan="3"|Continental !colspan="3"|Sanésipun<ref>Includes other competitive competitions, including the [[Trophée des champions]], [[DFB-Ligapokal]], [[DFB-Supercup]], [[Turkish Super Cup]], [[UEFA Super Cup]], [[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]], [[FIFA Club World Cup]]</ref> !colspan="3"|Total |- !Main!!Gol!!Assist!!Main!!Gol!!Assist!!Main!!Gol!!Assist!!Main!!Gol!!Assist!!Main!!Gol!!Assist |- | rowspan="3"|[[US Boulogne|Boulogne]] |2000–01 |4||1||0||0||0||0||colspan=6|—||4||1||0 |- |2001–02 |24||5||1||1||0||0||colspan=6|—||25||5||1 |- !Total !28!!6!!1!!1!!0!!0!!colspan=6|—!!29!!6!!1 |- | rowspan="2"|[[Olympique Alès|Alès]] |2002–03 |19||1||1||0||0||0||colspan=6|—||19||1||1 |- !Total !19!!1!!1!!0!!0!!0!!colspan=6|—!!19!!1!!1 |- | rowspan="2"|[[Stade Brestois 29|Brest]] |2003–04 |35||3||9||2||1||1||colspan=6|—||37||4||10 |- !Total !35!!3!!9!!2!!1!!1!!colspan=6|—!!37!!4!!10 |- | rowspan="2"|[[FC Metz|Metz]] |[[2004–05 Ligue 1|2004–05]] |20||1||8||2||0||0||colspan=6|—||22||1||8 |- !Total !20!!1!!8!!2!!0!!0!!colspan=6|—!!22!!1!!8 |- | rowspan="2"|[[Galatasaray S.K. (football team)|Galatasaray]] |[[2004–05 Süper Lig|2004–05]] |14||0||0||3||1||1||colspan=6|—||17||1||1 |- !Total !14!!0!!0!!3!!1!!1!!colspan=6|—!!17!!1!!1 |- | rowspan="3"|[[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] |[[2005–06 Ligue 1|2005–06]] |35||6||6||6||3||0||12||3||1||colspan=3|—||53||12||7 |- |[[2006–07 Ligue 1|2006–07]] |25||5||8||8||1||2||5||1||1||colspan=3|—||38||7||11 |- !Total !60!!11!!14!!14!!4!!2!!17!!4!!2!!colspan=3|—!!91!!19!!18 |- | rowspan="7"|[[FC Bayern München]] |[[2007–08 Fußball-Bundesliga|2007–08]] |28||11||8||5||3||4||11||3||6||2||3||1||46||20||19 |- |[[2008–09 Fußball-Bundesliga|2008–09]] |25||9||12||3||1||2||8||4||7||colspan=3|—||36||14||21 |- |[[2009–10 Fußball-Bundesliga|2009–10]] |19||4||6||4||2||3||7||1||2||colspan=3|—||30||7||11 |- |[[2010–11 Fußball-Bundesliga|2010–11]] |25||7||17||3||2||3||4||2||1||colspan=3|—||32||11||21 |- |[[2011–12 Fußball-Bundesliga|2011–12]] |32||12||20||4||2||1||14||3||5||colspan=3|—||50||15||26 |- |[[2012–13 Fußball-Bundesliga|2012–13]] |21||7||10||2||0||2||7||1||2||1||0||1||31||8||15 |- !Total !150!!50!!73!!21!!10!!15!!51!!14!!23!!3!!3!!2!!225!!77!!113 |- !colspan="2"|Career total !326!!72!!104!!43!!16!!19!!68!!18!!25!!3!!3!!2!!440!!109!!150 |} ===Internasional=== <!-- NOTE: when updating stats, update the infobox too! --> :''Correct as of 22 Maret 2013.''<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fff.fr/servfff/historique/historique_new.php?cherche_joueur=Ribery&x=0&y=0 | title = RIBERY Franck | publisher = fff.fr | accessdate = 31 Maret 2013 | language = French | archive-date = 2012-10-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121006100318/http://www.fff.fr/servfff/historique/historique_new.php?cherche_joueur=Ribery&x=0&y=0 | url-status = dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Tim Nasional!!Mangsa!!Main!!Gol !! Assist |- | rowspan="8"|Tim Nasional Perancis | 2005–06 || 10 || 1 || 4 |- | 2006–07 || 8 || 1 || 3 |- | 2007–08 || 12 || 2 || 2 |- | 2008–09 || 8 || 3 || 1 |- | 2009–2010 || 10 || 0 || 1 |- | 2010–2011 || 4 || 0 || 0 |- | 2011–2012 || 12 || 3 || 2 |- | 2012-2013]] || 8 || 2 || 2 |- ! colspan=2|Total!! 72 !! 12 !! 15 |} ====Internasional gol==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" !# !Tanggal !Papan !Lawan !Skor !Kasil !Kompetisi |- | 1 | 27 Juni 2006 | [[AWD-Arena]], [[Hanover]], Jerman | {{fb|Spanyol}} |align="center"|1 – '''1''' |align="center"|1 – 3 | Piala Donya 2006 |- | 2 | 2 Juni 2007 | [[Stade de France]], [[Saint-Denis]], Perancis | {{fb|Ukraina}} |align="center"|'''1''' – 0 |align="center"|2 – 0 | Kualifikasi EURO 2008 |- | 3 | 26 Maret 2008 | Stade de France, Saint-Denis, Perancis | {{fb|Inggris}} |align="center"|'''1''' – 0 |align="center"|1 – 0 | [Tetandhingan Uji coba |- | 4 | 3 Juni 2008 | Stade de France, Saint-Denis, Perancis | {{fb|Kolumbia}} |align="center"|'''1''' – 0 |align="center"|1 – 0 | Pertadhingan Uji coba |- | 5 | 11 Oktober 2008 | [[Stadionul Farul]], [[Constanţa]], Rumania | {{fb|Rumeni}} |align="center"|2 – '''1''' |align="center"|2 – 2 | Kualifikasi Piala Donya 2010 |- | 6 | 28 Maret 2009 | [[S. Darius and S. Girėnas Stadium]], [[Kaunas]], Litowen | {{fb|Litowen}} |align="center"|0 – '''1''' |align="center"|0 – 1 | Kualifikasi Piala Donya 2010 |- | 7 | 1 April 2009 | Stade de France, Saint-Denis, Perancis | {{fb|Litowen}} |align="center"|'''1''' – 0 |align="center"|1 – 0 | Kualifikasi Piala Donya 2010 |- | 8 | 27 Mèi 2012 | [[Stade du Hainaut]], [[Valenciennes]], France | {{fb|Iceland}} |align="center"|'''2''' – 2 |align="center"|3 – 2 | Pertadhingan Uji coba |- | 9 | 31 Mèi 2012 | [[Stade Auguste Delaune]], [[Reims]], Perancis | {{fb|Serbia}} |align="center"|'''1''' – 0 |align="center"|2 – 0 | Tetandhingan Uji coba |- | 10 | 5 Juni 2012 | [[MMArena]], [[Le Mans]], Perancis | {{fb|Éstlan}} |align="center"|'''1''' – 0 |align="center"|4 – 0 | Tetandhingan Uji coba |- | 11 | 11 September 2012 | Stade de France, Saint-Denis, Perancis | {{fb|Bélarusia}} |align="center"|'''3''' – 1 |align="center"|3 – 1 | Kualifikasi Piala Donya 2014 |- | 12 | 22 Maret 2013 | Stade de France, Saint-Denis, [[Perancis]] | {{fb|Georgia}} |align="center"|'''3''' – 0 |align="center"|3 – 1 | Kualifikasi Piala Donya 2014 |} ==Cathetan suku== {{reflist|2}} <references group="nb"/> {{Navboxes berwarna |title = Skuat timnas Prancis |bg = #0055A4 |fg = #FFFFFF |bordercolor = #EF4135 |list1= {{Skuat PD2006 Prancis}} {{Skuat PÉropa 2008 Prancis}} {{Skuat PD2010 Prancis}} {{Skuat Piala Éropa 2012 Prancis}} }} {{Skuat FC Bayern München}} [[Kategori:Lair 1983]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan Prancis]] [[Kategori:Pemain Piala Donya FIFA 2006]] [[Kategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Bal-balan Éropa UEFA 2008]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan FC Bayern München]] [[Kategori:Pemain Stade Brestois 29]] [[Kategori:Pemain Olympique de Marseille]] [[Kategori:Prancis]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bundesliga]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bèker Donya FIFA 2010]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bèker Éropa UEFA 2012]] 9ismkjb41cs31opdms2eunpmxvng5g8 Isabeau saking Bavaria 0 99399 1760050 1731974 2026-11-05T23:02:54Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty|consort=yes |succession=Ratu Prancis | image = Isabeau de Baviere (detail).jpg | caption = Miniatur presentasi [[Christine de Pizan]] nyaosaken bukunipun marang Ratu Isabeau saking Bavaria<ref name="christine">[http://inpress.lib.uiowa.edu/feminae/DetailsPage.aspx?Feminae_ID=30971 Christine de Pizan Presents her Book to Isabeau of Bavaria], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 17 April 2013)</ref> | reign = 1385–1422 | coronation = | spouse =[[Charles VI saking Prancis]] | issue =[[Isabelle saking Valois|Isabelle, Ratu Inggris]]<br />[[Jeanne saking Prancis, Adipati Wanita Bretagne]]<br />[[Marie saking Valois, Kepala Biarawati Poissy|Marie, Kepala Biarawati Poissy]]<br />[[Michelle saking Valois|Michelle, Adipati Wanita Burgundia]]<br />[[Louis, Dauphin Prancis, Adipati Guyenne|Louis, Dauphin Prancis]]<br />[[Jean, Dauphin Prancis, Adipati Touraine|Jean, Dauphin Prancis]]<br />[[Catherine saking Valois|Catherine, Ratu Inggris]]<br />[[Charles VII saking Prancis]] | house =[[Wangsa Wittelsbach]] | father =[[Stephan III, Adipati Bayern]] | mother =[[Taddea Visconti]] | birth_date =c. 1370 | birth_place = | death_date =24 September {{death year and age|1435|1370}} | death_place =[[Paris]] | place of burial =[[Biara Santo Denis]] |}} '''Isabeau saking Bavaria''' ({{lang-fr|Isabeau de Bavière}} skt. [[1370]] – [[24 September]] [[1435]]) utawi asring ugi dipunsebat '''Elisabeth saking Bayern-Ingolstadt''' inggih punika [[Ratu Prancis]] (1385-1422) garwa saking [[Charles VI saking Perancis|Raja Charles VI]]<ref name="isabeau6">[http://www.galleryhistoricalfigures.com/figuredetail.php?abvrname=IsabeauBavaria Isabeau of Bavaria, Cunning Survivor.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109000632/http://www.galleryhistoricalfigures.com/figuredetail.php?abvrname=IsabeauBavaria |date=2011-11-09 }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 17 April 2013)</ref>, Piyambakipun punika asalipun saking anggota kulawarga [[Wangsa Valois]]<ref name="valois2" />. Piyambakipun punika dipunwastani amargi gadhah peranan ingkang wigati ing ngajengipun umum nalika wonten musibah ingkang dugi ing papréntahan garwanipun <ref name="isabeau3" /><ref name="isabeau4">[http://www.h-france.net/vol11reviews/vol11no55Taylor.pdf H-France Review], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 17 April 2013)</ref>. Piyambakipun punika miyos wonten ing gedhong sepuh lan agung Wittelsbach, putri pambajeng saking [[Duke Stephen III Bavaria-Ingolstadt]] lan [[Taddea Visconti]] [[Milan]]<ref name="ratu1"/>. Isabeau dipunkintun dhateng Perancis lan krama kaliyan Charles tigang dinten bibar duginipun<ref name="ratu1"/>. Nalika taun 1389, upacara panobatan Isabeau dipunkurmati kanthi saé ing Paris. Charles kénging gerah mental nalika taun 1393 lan kapeksa narik dhiri saking papréntahan <ref name="charles">[http://www.history.ac.uk/richardII/charlesVI.html Charles VI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717094535/http://www.history.ac.uk/richardII/charlesVI.html |date=2018-07-17 }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 24 April 2013)</ref>. Gerahipun Charles damel lowonging papréntahan ingkang ndadosaken perang sedhèrèk antawisipun Karajan Adipati saking [[Burgundia]] lan sedhèrèk ingkang njurung Charles, Louis Orléans <ref name="isabeau3" />. Isabeau punika kaombang-ambing ing tengahing fraksi-fraksi lajeng milih ingkang piyambakipun pitadosi saged damel untung kanggé ingkang marisi tahta<ref name="charles2" />. Piyambakipun ndhèrèk Burgundia, salajengipun Isabeau kénging masalah ing pamalsuan kaliyan adhi iparipun raja,[[Louis saking Orléans]]<ref name="charles2" />. Nalika piyambakipun milih Burgundia, para Armagnacs mbusak piyambakipun saking [[Paris]] lan dipunpenjara. Nalika [[taun]] [[1407]], [[John Orléans]] ingkang tansah wantun dipunpatèni Orléans lajeng ratu kelangan prabawa pulitik<ref name="charles2" />. == Silsilah lan Pawiwahan == [[Gambar:Charles_VI-Isabeau_de_Bavière.png|thumb|Miniatur nedahaken Raja Charles VI nembé buru. Ratu Isabeau lan rombonganipun katingal ''palfreys''. Prakiraan saking ''Chronique Enguerrand de Monstrelet'' punika.]] Isabeau saking [[Bayern]] punika putri [[Stephan III saking Bayern|Stephen III saking Bayern-Ingolstadt]] lan [[Taddea Visconti]]<ref name="valois2" />. Taddea Visconti punika satunggaling wanita bangsawan [[Italia]] ingkang asalipun saking kulawarga [[Visconti]] ingkang mréntah [[Milan]] saking taun 1277 dumugi taun 1477 <ref name="valois2" />. Tanggal ingkang pas babagan wiyosipun ing wewengkon Bayern punika boten dipunmangertosi<ref name="ratu1">[http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3679229?uid=3737496&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21101938449353 Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen of France (1385-1422): The Creation of an Historical Villainess: The Alexander Prize Essay], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 23 April 2013)</ref>. Simbah paternalipun punika [[Stephan II saking Bayern]]<ref name="simbah">[http://collection.waddesdon.org.uk/search.do;jsessionid=94773F569BE07DACA92004BF93101812?id=39390&db=object&page=1&view=detail Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen of France (1371-1435) and Valentina Visconti, duchesse de Touraine (1366-1408)], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 23 April 2013)</ref> (putra [[Ludwig IV, Kaisar Romawi Suci|Kaisar Ludwig IV]]) lan [[Elisabetta saking Sisilia, Adipati Wanita Bayern|Elisabetta saking Sisilia]], putri Raja [[Federico III saking Sisilia]] lan garwanipun [[Eleanor saking Anjou, Ratu Sisilia]] <ref name="ratu2">[http://www.house-empire.com/personpage.lasso?token.cardid=4594 Queen Consort of France Isabeau of Bavaria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125203339/http://house-empire.com/personpage.lasso?token.cardid=4594 |date=2010-11-25 }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 23 April 2013)</ref>. Simbah maternalipun punika [[Barnabò Visconti]], [[Pratélan Panguwasa Milan|Maharaja Milan]] lan Regina-Beatrice [[della Scala]]. Regina punika putri [[Mastino II della Scala]], Maharaja [[Verona]] saking taun 1329 dumugi taun 1351 lan garwanipun Taddea ing Carrara <ref name="ratu3" />. Isabeau dipunbeta dhateng Perancis nalika taun 1385 minangka calon garwa Raja [[Charles VI saking Perancis|Charles VI]] <ref name="ratu3">[http://www.spokeo.com/Isabeau+Of+Bavaria+1 Isabeau of Bavaria Queen Consort of France], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 23 April 2013)</ref>. Taun-taun kapisan dipunlampahi déning pasangan mau kanthi tentrem dumugi wonten tandha-tandha gerah ''mental'' garwanipun ingkang wiwit katingal ing taun 1392 <ref name="isabeau4" />. Tiyang sepuh Isabeau punika [[Stephan III saking Bayern|Stephen III saking Bayern-Ingolstadt]] lan [[Taddea Visconti]] <ref name="valois2" /><ref name="ratu2" /><ref name="ratu3" />. Ingkang kekrama kanggé 100.000 ducat mahar. Prakiraan piyambakipun punika wiyos wonten ing [[Munich]] minangka papan piyambakipun dipunbaptis ing Gréja Our Lady. Kagunganipun punika [[Merovingian]] kulawarga Wittelsbach ingkang kuna lan mapan, keturunan saking [[Charlemagne]]. Piyambakipun punika putri Louis IV, Kaisar Romawi Suci. Ing periode mau Bavaria punika ingkang paling kuwat saking nagara [[Jerman]] lan Wittelsbachs punika ingkang paling sugih ing kulawarga Bavaria <ref name="charles5">[http://gluedideas.com/Encyclopedia-Britannica-Volume-5-Part-1-Cast-Iron-Cole/Charles-Vi_2.html Charles V] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306112948/http://gluedideas.com/Encyclopedia-Britannica-Volume-5-Part-1-Cast-Iron-Cole/Charles-Vi_2.html |date=2016-03-06 }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 24 April 2013)</ref>. Paklik saking Isabeau punika Adipati Frederick saking Bavaria. Dipunprayogakaken ing taun 1383 bilih piyambakipun dipunwastani minangka pengantèn kanggé [[Raja Charles VI saking Perancis]] <ref name="valois2" /><ref name="ratu3" />. Tetandingan mau dipunmajengaken malih ing pawiwahan dobel Burgundia ing [[Cambrai]] wulan [[April]] – John Fearless lan sedhèrèk putrinipun [[Margaret saking Burgundia]] lan ugi [[Margaret saking Bavaria]] kaliyan [[William saking Bavaria]]. Paklik saking [[Charles VI saking Prancis|Charles VI]] bilih pawiwahan kanggé yasa ''aliansi'' kaliyan Kamaharajan Romawi Suci lan nglawan [[Inggris]]. Bapak saking Isabeau ingkang boten sarujuk kaliyan pamanggih mau ngirim piyambakipun kaliyan sedhèrèk marang Prancis kanthi alesan kesah ziarah marang [[Amiens]] kaliyan paklikipun <ref name="ratu3" />. Nanging piyambakipun boten dipunparingi alesan sowanipun ing Prancis ingkang dipunprèksa minangka calon penganten kanggé [[Charles VI saking Perancis|Charles VI]] <ref name="ratu3" />. Miturut kontèmporèr sajarah abad tengahan Jean Froissart piyambakipun nembé umur 13 utawi 14 nalika tetandingan dipunkajengaken lan kirang langkung 16 nalika mantènan ing taun 1385, nedahaken tanggal wiyosipun punika kirang langkung taun 1370<ref name="G52ff">Gibbons (1996), 52–53</ref>. [[Gambar:Charles VI de France - Dialogues de Pierre Salmon - Bib de Genève MsFr165f4.jpg|thumb|Charles VI saking Perancis garwanipun Isabeau]] Sadèrèngipun prèsentasinipun dhateng [[Charles VI saking Perancis|Charles VI]], Isabeau dipunkintun dhateng [[Hainaut]] satunggal wulan lan ing mriku piyambakipun etiket pengadilan Perancis <ref name="ratu3" />. Nalika tanggal 13 Juli 1385 piyambakipun lajeng lelampahan ingkang badhé dipunaturaken marang Raja <ref name="ratu3" />. Katingalipun [[Charles VI saking Perancis|Charles VI]] tresna sanget marang garwanipun lan kathah maringi bebungah. Ing taun 1386 nalika adicara warsa énggal kapisan piyambakipun dipunparingi beludru [[abang|abrit]] Palfrey pelana mawi [[tembaga]] lan dipunhias mawi K lan E (kanggé Karol lan Elisabeth) lan terus maringi bebungah kados [[ali-ali]], piranti pecah belah, lan rasukan <ref name="ratu3" />. == Pamahkotaan == [[Gambar:Isabela karel6.jpg|thumb|Miniatur saking ''Chronicles of Froissart'', nedahaken acrobat ingkang ngramekaken adicara panobatan.]] [[Gambar:Entrée d'Isabeau de Bavière dans Paris.jpeg|thumb|Miniatur nedahaken Isabeau dipunbeta ngliwati Paris nalika tanggal 23 Agustus 1389]] Panobatan Isabeau dipunwontenaken ing tanggal [[23]] [[Agustus]] [[1389]] <ref name="charles2" /><ref name="ratu3" />. Para wanita mulya ing prosesi panobatan ngginakaken busana ingkang mewah mawi bordir benang [[emas]] lan nitih tandhu ingkang dipunkawal déning ksatria. Philip Bold ngginakaken ''doublet'' bordir mawi 40 wedhus gembel lan 40 banyak (angsa) ingkang kahias mawi loncèng ingkang kadamel saking [[mutiara]]. Prosesi kalampahan saking énjang dumugi dalu. Mergi-margi kebak ''tablo Vivants'' nedahaken adegan [[Perang Salib]], Deësis lan Gerbang Swarga. Langkung saking sewu ‘’burgher’’ jumeneng wonten ing sedawaning ruté prosesi. Ingkang satunggal siish ngginakaken rasukan warni ijo, lajeng ing sisih sanèsipun ngginakaken rasukan warna [[abang|abrit]]. Prosesi kawiwit [[Porte Saint-Denis|Porte de St. Denis]] ngliwati ing sangandhaping kanopi kain biru langit déné laré-laré ngginakaken busana kados malaika nyanyi mlebet ing [[Rue Saint-Denis (Paris)|Rue de St. Denis]] sadèrèngipun dugi ing Notre Dame kanggé upacara panobatan. Tuchman nyerat adicara, "Kathah sanget kaajaiban ingkang kedah dipunpirsani lan dipunremeni inggih punika dalu sadèrèngipun nyebrangi kreteg ingkang tumuju ing Notre Dame lan tampilan klimaks." Minangka Isabeau nyebrangi [[Pont Notre-Dame|Grand Pont]] dhateng Notre Dame. Satunggaling akrobat mbeta kalih [[lilin]] mlampah sedawaning tali saking [[menara]] katedral dhateng griya paling inggil ing kutha <ref>Huizinga (2009 edition), 236</ref>. Bibar pamahkotaan Isabeau, prosesi damel margi malih saking Katedral sedawaning ruté dipunpadhangi déning 500 lilin. Isabeau ingkang nembé ngandhut pitung wulang badhé semaput ing dinten kaping gangsal karaméan. Kanggé mbayar adicara ingkang méwah punika lajeng pajek dipuninggilaken ing Paris kalih wulan salajengipun <ref name = "Tuchman455ff">Tuchman (1978), 455–457</ref>. == Gerahipun Charles == Charles gerah kapisan ing taun 1392 <ref name="ratu3" />. Nalika wulan [[Agustus]] dinten ingkang panas piyambakipun nyerang ksatria kulawarganipun, kalebet sedhèrèkipun Orléans, saéngga damel sédanipun sekawan tiyang. Paklikipun, adipati dari Burgundia lan Berry énggal-énggal mendhet kesempatan saking gerahipun Raja lan ngrebut kuwaosing Raja lajeng yasa piyambakipun dados [[bupati]]<ref name="ratu3" />. Ujug-ujug gerah mentalipun Raja dipunwastani déning sapérangan tiyang minangka tandha ukuman lan sanèsipun mastani minangka asil saking ''ngèlmu sikir''. Sejarawan modern damel ''spèkulasi'' bilih piyambakipun punika gerah amargi medalipun ''skizofrenia paranoid''<ref name="ratu3" />. Froissart nggambaraken gerahipun Raja salajengipun saèstu parah bilih piyambakipun “tebih saking margi, boten wonten jampi (obat) ingkang saged nambani”<ref name="ratu3" />. Piyambakipun waras saking serangan gerah kapisan lan dhokteripun, Guillaume de Harsigny paring pamrayogi program hiburan<ref name="charles2">[http://www.mostbeautifulwomen.co.in/most-beautiful-women-in-history/isabeau-of-bavaria.htm Most Beautiful women in History - Isabeau of Bavaria]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 24 April 2013)</ref>. Nalika Charles gerah ing taun 1390, Isabeau punika wanita kanthi umur 22 taun mawi tiga laré lan sampun kelangan kalih bayi. Amargi gerahipun sansaya parah nalika gantosing [[abad]] Isabeau dipunsebat nilaraken Charles<ref name="charles2" />. Nanging sejarawan Rachel Gibbons damel spèkulasi bilih Isabeau péngin nebihaken dpiyambakipun saking garwa lan gerahipun. Ingkang paling parah malih Charles boten saged nepangi Isabeau<ref name="ratu3" />. == Pulitik pengadilan lan intrik == Gesangipun Isabeau dipundamel dokumentasi kanthi saé, prakiraan paling ageng amargi gerahipun Charles saéngga damel papan ingkang boten limrah ing kakuwaosan. Andharan babagan sipat lan pitedahan ugi langka lan asring dados tetandingan. Piyambakipun asring dipungambaraken minangka “ingkang alit, mawi [[rambut|rikma]] coklat, utawi dhuwur lan mawi rikma ingkang pirang’’ gumantung kaliyan sumberipun. Panyerat sajarah kala punika nyerat bilih Isabeau punika saé, piyambakipun ngendika mawi aksèn [[Jerman]] kanthi saé sanajan piyambakipun sampun manggèn wonten ing Prancis wiwit saking mantènanipun. Sujarawan Tracy Adams ngandharaken Isabeau mianngka satunggaling diplomat ingkang gadhah bakat ingkang ngatur pulitik pengadilan kanthi gampil, ''anggun'', lan gadhah kharisma<ref name="adam1">[http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/women_in_french_studies/v020/20.findley.html The Life and Afterlife of Isabeau of Bavaria (review)], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 24 April 2013)</ref><ref name="adam">[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tracy+Adams,+The+Life+and+Afterlife+of+Isabeau+of+Bavaria.-a0274307187 Tracy Adams, The Life and Afterlife of Isabeau of Bavaria.]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 24 April 2013)</ref>. Piyambakipun kasil anggènipun dados peran ingkang njagi tentremipun ing antawis manéka fraksi pengadilan mapinten-pinten taun <ref name = "Adams8ff">Adams (2010), 8–9</ref>. Isabeau naté tindak dhateng diplomasi internasional nalika piyambakipun nembé kemawon krama. Satunggaling wakil saking [[Florence]] nyelaki pamadosan prabawa pulitik Isabeau babagan ing [[Gian Galeazzo Visconti]]. Kala punika, Orléans lan Adipati saking Burgundia gabung kaliyan fraksi pro-Visconti déné anti-Visconti kirang paring prabawa kalebet Isabeau, kakangipun, [[Louis VII, Adipati Bayern]], lan John III, ‘’Count of Armagnac’’. Ing periode wiwitan Ratu, Isabeau boten gadhah kakuwatan pulitik kanggé ngawontenaken éwah-éwahan. Pinten taun salajengipun, sanajan ing taun 1396 pawiwahan putrinipun, [[Isabella saking Valois|Isabella]] kaliyan [[Richard II saking Inggris]] (satunggaling adicara wonten mriku Charles nyerang ingkang damel pawartos amargi ngginakan rasukan sragam Galeazzo) Isabeau saged kasil anggènipun negosiasi aliansi antawisipun Perancis lan Florence kaliyan duta Florentine [[Buonaccorso Pitti]].<ref>Ratified on September 26, 1396.</ref><ref name = "Adams6ff">Adams (2010), 6–8</ref> Charles dipunnobataken ing taun 1387 kanthi yuswa 20 taun, dumugi kontrol tunggal monarki. Ingkang kapisan dipunlampahi punika mandegaken likipun lan pamulihan saking déwan [[Marmousets]] – anggota déwan tradhisional kanggé bapakipun, [[Charles V saking Perancis|Charles V]] – lan piyambakipun maringi tanggeljawab marang Orléans malih. Pinten taun salajengipun, bibar Charles kénging serangan gerah ingkang kaping satunggal, wonten masalah antawisipun Orléans lan karajan likipun, Adipati Burgundia, John, Adipati Berry, lan [[Louis II, Adipati Bourbon]]. Lajeng Isabeau dipunpeksa supados njagi katentreman ing tengah-tengahing prastawa rebutan kakuwaosan pinten-pinten taun. == Karir == [[Gambar:Christine de Pisan and Queen Isabeau detail.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Christine de Pisan]] paring bebungah bukunipun marang Ratu Isabeau. Piyambakipun lan réwang ngginakaken ''bourrelet'' permata landhep mawi wujud ati wonten ing sanginggilipun rikma awujud sungu ; témbok-témbokipun dipunrias mawi gabungan ''Fleurs-de-lys'' lan lencana Wittelsbach Isabeau.]] Peranan Isabeau wonten ing [[sajarah Perancis]] punika ndadosaken piyambakipun dados sasaran péna para sejarawan mapinten-pinten abad <ref name="karir1">[http://www.bernethy-eby-scribner.com/getperson.php?personID=I728&tree=Saltoun Isabeau of Bavaria (Queen of France)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007165755/http://www.bernethy-eby-scribner.com/getperson.php?personID=I728&tree=Saltoun |date=2023-10-07 }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 17 April 2013)</ref>. Serangan pena punika asalipun saking ''interpretasi'' miring nalika Isabeau gadhah peran ingkang wigati nalika nglampahi ''negosiasi'' kaliyan Inggris<ref name="karir1" /><ref name="isabeau1" /> saéngga ngasilaken [[Perjanjian Troyes]] (1420) lan saking pawartos alit babagan panyelèwènganipun ingkang kawiwitan ing [[Paris]] nalika 1422-1429 masa penjajahan Inggris <ref name="karir1" />.<ref>R.C. Famiglietti, ''Tales of the Marriage Bed from Medieval France (1300-1500),'' hal. 194.</ref> Pawartos punika kawiwitan amargi kathah tiyang ingkang rumaos curiga bilih putra Isabeau, [[Charles VII saking Perancis|Charles VII]] punika laré ingkang kasil saking piyambakipun nyelèwèng, ingkang lajeng ngupaya kanggé nggusah Inggris lan dipuntampi déning masarakat minangka Raja Perancis kanthi sah <ref name="isabeau2">[http://www.medievalists.net/2011/09/05/the-queen-as-‘social-mannequin’-consumerism-and-expenditure-at-the-court-of-isabeau-of-bavaria-1393–1422/ The Queen as ‘social mannequin’. Consumerism and expenditure at the Court of Isabeau of Bavaria, 1393–1422], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 17 April 2013)</ref>. Kabar mau saged kapanggihaken wonten ing satunggaling puisi kanthi irah-irahan ''Pastoralet'' ingkang nyebar ing jaman mau <ref name="karir1" />. Isabeau manggèn wonten ing papan ingkang mbetahaken peran ingkang kuwat anggènipun ngisi lowongan ingkang dipuntilaraken déning garwanipun ingkang gadhah gerah mental<ref name="isabeau4" /><ref name="isabeau1">[http://www.amazon.com/Afterlife-Isabeau-Bavaria-Rethinking-Theory/dp/0801896258 The Life and Afterlife of Isabeau of Bavaria], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 17 April 2013)</ref>. Pinten taun salajengipun bibar kawiwitan gerahipun Sang Raja, dhokter paring pamanggih program hiburan kanggé Raja lan punika ndadosaken anggota mahkamah paring pamanggih supados sang Raja dipunparingi ''kejutan'' marang Ratu lan anggota [[pura|astana]] sanèsipun mawi busana tiyang jaler ingkang sereng lan damel kaget kanthi ujug-ujug kanggé maringi bal lan ngrayakaken mantènan satunggaling pangiring Ratu <ref name="karir1" />. Wonten ing karaméan mau, Bola kakung ingkang kobong ({{lang-fr|Bal des Ardents}}, Elisabeth mirsani kacilakan obor ingkang ngeri lan ndadosaken sang Raja tilar donya<ref name="karir1" />. [[Gambar:Izabel Bavor.jpg|thumb|right|Isabeau kaliyan rewangipun.]] Isabeau punika dados eri ing donyaning pulitik. Boten namung amargi masalah mental garwanipun<ref name="isabeau1" /> ingkang dipunpitadosi kénging lelara ''skizofrenia'', nanging ugi amargi pesaingan ingkang wonten antawisipun sapérangan anggota kulawarga karajan. Amargi raja boten saged nepangi piyambakipun lan dukha amargi rawuhing piyambakipun lajeng wonten pamanggih supados maringi piyambakipun wanita simpenan ingkang kala punika, [[Odette de Champdivers]]<ref name="karir1" />. Odette punika mendhet peranipun nalika taun 1405,<ref name="isabeau4" /><ref>R.C. Famiglietti, ''Tales,'' hal. 89.</ref> nanging kala punika sang Raja taksih wonten gayutan kaliyan Isabeau, ingkang ngandhut pungkasan ing taun 1407<ref name="karir1" />. Nalika tanggal 11 [[Oktober]] 1418 sang Raja nyerat satunggaling layang ingkang paring dhawuh kanggé maringi 2.000 ''livres tournois'' marang Isabeau kanggé nulung nebus gesper [[berlian]] (''fermail'') ingkang dipunparingaken Charles nalika dinten mantènipun.<ref>B. Pocquet du Haut-Jussé, ''La France gouvernée par Jean sans Peur,'' Paris, 1959, hal. 70, no. 54</ref> Sesupe mau dipunpendhet lan dipunsade tanpa dipunmangertosi kados nalika piyambakipun dipunguwang dhateng [[Tours]] ing taun 1417. Boten cetha kados pundi layang karajan ingkang dipunpitakenaken punika medal saking sang Raja piyambak<ref name="karir1" />.<ref>Lihat pembasan ketidakteraturan dalam wujud surat karajan yang memerintahkan pembayaran dari taun 1418 hingga 1420 dalam B. Pocquet du Haut-Jussé, "Le compte de Pierre de Gorremont," ''Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des chartes,'' XCVIII (1937), hal. 55-56.</ref> Ing antawisipun tiyang ingkang nyobi ngatur papréntahan nalika Sang Raja boten saged, rayinipun Sang Raja, [[Louis I saking Orléans]] lan prunanipun (keponakan) [[Jean I saking Burgundia]]<ref name="karir1" />. Mungsuhan Orléans kaliyan Burgundia dumugi titik krisis nalika sang pemimpin dipunpejahi nalika taun 1407<ref name="karir1" />. Sengitinipun sansaya inggil lan masa perang sedhèrèk kadadosan. Ingkang njurung pungkasan sang Adipati punika kondhang minangka [[Armagnac]]<ref name="karir1" />. [[Henry V saking Inggris]] mendhet untung saking masalah ing sajeroning karajan lajeng nyerang [[pasisir]] ''barat laut'' Perancis <ref name="isabeau4" />. Piyambakipun ngirim gaman perang dhateng [[Agincourt]]. Kathahipun sedaya génerasi pemimpin militèr pejah utawi dipunsandra satunggal dinten<ref name="karir1" />. Jean I ingkang boten naté ajrih punika taksih mungsuhi kulawarga karajan lan Armagnacs tansah nétral amargi Henry V saged naklukaken kutha-kutha ing [[lor|lèr]] Perancis. Sapérangan ageng kalih welas laré-laré Isabeau boten saged tahan gesang dumugi ageng. Boten dangu saking punika laré ingkang kaping gangsal lan pungkasan dipunparingi gelar [[Dauphin Perancis|dauphin]] minangka pewaris tahta karajan, 16 taun [[Charles VII saking Perancis]] lajeng ngawontenaken ''negosiasi'' kaliyan [[Jean sans Peur]] nalika taun 1419. Pejabat rumah tangga dauphin mejahi Jean nalika pepanggihan wonten ing satunggaling kreteg ing ngandhaping ''perlindungan'' Charles <ref name="isabeau4" />. [[Gambar:Isabeau de Baviere1.jpg|thumb|200px|Ratu Isabeau mlebet ing [[Paris]], [[miniatur]] saking [[Kronik Froissart]], abad kaping 15.]] Adipati Burgundia ingkang énggal, [[Philippe III saking Burgundia|Philippe ingkang saé]] gabung kanggé makaryo sesarengan kaliyan Inggris <ref name="isabeau3">[http://his.library.nenu.edu.cn/upload/soft/haoli/115/413.pdf The Queen as 'social mannequin'. Consumerism and expenditure at the Court of Isabeau of Bavaria, 1933-1422] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027024758/http://his.library.nenu.edu.cn/upload/soft/haoli/115/413.pdf |date=2015-10-27 }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 17 April 2013)</ref>. Sapérangan ageng pérangan lèr Perancis ing sangandhaping dominasi luar nagari, Isabeau sarujuk kaliyan Perjanjian Troyes ing taun 1420 <ref name="valois2">[http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/295088/Isabella-of-Bavaria Isabella of Bavaria], (dipun''akses tanggal 24 April 2013)</ref>. Punika lajeng damel rencana mantènan antawisipun putrinipun, [[Catherine saking Valois]] kaliyan Henry V<ref name="valois">[http://www.britannia.com/history/biographies/catherine_valois.html Catherine of Valois (1401-1437)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011230349/http://britannia.com/history/biographies/catherine_valois.html |date=2007-10-11 }}, (dipun''akses tanggal 24 April 2013)</ref> lan nglantik calon kulawarga karajan kanggé Henry V lan laré-larénipun Charles VI sarujuk kaliyan prajanjèn mau lan nuduh bilih Dauphin punika dados ''pengkhianat''. Dauphin sampun njangkar dhawuh saking bapakipun supados kondur marang kulawarga karajan ; lan ugi piyambakipun ngrebut otoritas karajan kanthi mendhet gelar bupati, sarta piyambakipun gadhah alesan lan ngapusi babagan pejahipun Adipati Burgundia<ref name="karir1" />. Charles VI mangkat nalika wulan Oktober 1422, lan amargi Henry V sampun tilar donya langkung rumiyin, putra Henry ingkang taksih alit, [[Henry VI saking Inggris|Henry VI]] ingkang dipunparingi tahta déning Charles VI lan Raja Perancis, kados ingkang sinerat wonten ing Perjanjian Troyes<ref name="karir1" />. Dauphin Charles VII punika yuswanipun 19 taun nalika bapakipun tilar donya, nyebataken bilih Perjanjian Troyes punika boten sah lan mastani kapemimpinan saking parté Armagnac ingkang nguwaosi laladan Perancis ingkang sanès ing ngandhapipun kuwaosipun Inggris lan Burgundia <ref name="isabeau3" />. Kawontenan Charles VII lan boten patuhipun marang tiyang sepuh, piyambakipun ugi ngadepi gayutan ingkang sami kaliyan larénipun piyambak [[Louis XI saking Perancis|Louis XI]]<ref name="karir1" />. Guru Charles punika ibu mertuanipun [[Jolantha saking Aragon]] ingkang boten purun maringi ijin kesah dhateng pengadilan nalika ibunipun nimbali. Isabeau manggèn wonten ing kuwaosing Inggris lan boten wonten prabawa ingkang langkung tebih ing urusan publik<ref name="isabeau3" />. Piyambakipun séda wonten ing Paris nalika taun 1435 lan dipunmakamaken wonten ing [[Basilika Santo Denis]]<ref name="karir1" />. == Kekancingan Troyes (Perjanjian Troyes) lan taun salajengipun == Nalika taun 1419, Henry V ngisi ing Normandia, Adipati Burgundia ingkang énggal, [[Philip III, Adipati Burgundia|Philip ingkang saé]] damel sekuthu kaliyan [[Inggris]] lan meksa Isabeau supados gabung kaliyan piyambakipun. Nanging Isabeau tansah setya marang Raja lan marang Prancis. Ing taun 1420, Henry V ngirim Louis de Robersart dhateng [[Paris]] supados rembagan kaliyan Isabeau amargi hubunganipun kaliyan Bavaria kanthi ancas mapanaken Ratu kanthi nyaman ing “gencatan senjata”. Kekalihipun pepanggihan piyambak lan Isabeau nampi Kekancingan Troyes (Perjanjian Troyes) <ref name="Adams36">Adams (2010), 36</ref>. [[Gambar:Isabeau of Bavaria and Charles VI at the Treaty of Troyes.jpg|thumb|Isabeau lan Charles VI wonten ing Kekancingan Troyes ing miniatur saking cathetan sajarah Froissart]] Prancis tanpa pewaris tahta amargi Raja ingkang dipuncabut hak warisipun ing Dauphin. Piyambakipun nyerat ing taun 1420 babagan Charles VII bilih piyambakipun sampun “boten patut sukses ing tahta utawi gelar sanèsipun”, amargi tumindakipun ingkang ngrisak saben kemungkinan gencatan senjata kaliyan Burgundia.<ref name = "Gibbons70ff">Gibbons (1996), 70–71</ref>. Charles Orléans ing larikan salajengipun minangka ahli waris sampun dipuntawan ing Pertempuran Agincourt lan dipunpenjarakaken wonten ing [[London]].<ref name = "Gibbons68ff">Gibbons (1996), 68–69</ref> Nalika boten wontenipun pewaris resmi tahta, Isabeau ngancani Charles kanggé nandhatangani Perjanjian Troyes ing wulan [[mei]] 1420. Rawuhipun Isabeau punika boten trep kaliyan andharan ingkang boten saged dipunbuktekaken bilih masa ngajeng piyambakipun maringaken Prancis marang Inggris. Pinten-pinten abad, Isabeau jumeneng dipunwastani nilaraken makutha amargi kekancingan. Miturut paugeran ing kekancingan, Charles taksih tetep dados Raja Perancis nanging Henry V<ref name="ratu2"/> ingkang krama kaliyan putrinipun [[Catherine saking Valois|Catherine]] tansah ngontrol wewengkon ingkang takluk marang Normandia, Perancis lajeng dipunpréntah déning Adipati Burgundia lan dados panerusipun Charles<ref name = Tuchman586ff>Tuchman (1978), 586-587</ref> Isabeau manggèn wonten ing Inggris ingkang dipunkontrol Paris. [[Gambar:Isabeau de Baviere-smrt.jpg|thumb|Miniatur abad kaping 15 ingkang nedahaken iring-iringan pamakaman Isabeau wonten ing Seine, saking cathetan sujarah [[Martial d'Auvergne]]]] [[Gambar:Basilique St. Denis - Gisantds de Bertrand Du Guesclin, Charles VI, Isabeau de Baviere, Louis de Sancerre, Charles V le Sage, Jeanne de Bourbon.jpg|thumb|250px|Basilique St. Denis]] Isabeau dipunbusak saking prabawa pulitik lan pensiun kanggé gesang wonten ing [[Hôtel Saint-Pol]] kaliyan garwa kaping kalih kakangipun Isabeau, Catherine saking Alençon. Piyambakipun dipunkancani déning wanita-wanita Amelie von Orthenburg lan Madame de Moy, ingkang pungkasan punika ingkang lelampahan saking [[Jerman]] lan manggèn kaliyan Isabeau minangka dame d'honneur saking taun 1409. Isabeau tilar donya wonten ing mriku nalika taun 1435. Sédanipun lan pamakaman Isabeau dipundamel dokumèntasi déning Jean Chartier (anggota [[Basilica of St Denis|St Denis Abbey]])<ref name="ratu1"/> ingkang prakiraan dados “saksi mata”. == Reputasi lan Warisan == Isabeau punika asring dipunmandegaken déning para sujarawan minangka tiyang ingkang nakal, pamimpin ingkang boten gadhah, sudut pandang lajeng éwah nalika abad kaping 20. Sujarawan kontemporer nggambaraken Isabeau mendhet perang pemimpin ingkang saèstu prigel kanggé Ratu ing mangsa mau, sanajan piyambakipun kapeksa mikul tanggeljawab minangka dampak saking gerahipun Charles. Para kritikus nampi bab ingkang miring wonten ing peranipun anggènipun negosiasi kaliyan [[Inggris]] ingkang ndadosaken [[Perjanjian Troyes]] lan kabar babagan nyelèwèngipun kaliyan Orléans <ref>Famiglietti (1992), 194</ref>. Gibbon nyerat babagan tugas ratu inggih punika kanggé damel amanipun makutha lan ugi njagi garwanipun, sujarawan nggambaraken Isabeau punika boten kasil anggènipun nglampahi kalih tugas mau lan ndadosaken piyambakipun tiyang ingkang awon ing sujarah. Gibbon ngandharaken bilih pitedahan saking phisikipun taksih dèrèng gamblang, gumantung gambaran Isabeau minangka tiyang ingkang saé menapa ingkang awon <ref>Gibbons (1996), 56</ref>. [[Gambar:L Adoration des Mages.jpg|thumb|200px|Laré ragil Isabeau, dipuntedahaken wonten ing miniature kaliyan [[Jean Fouquet]]]] Wonten unèn-unèn ingkang ngandharaken bilih Perancis punika sampun dipunkalahaken amargi satunggaling wanita nanging badhé pulih malih déning satinggaling priyantun èstri<ref name="karir1"/>. Kathah ingkang ngira-ira bilih ramalan punika kanggé [[Jeanne d'Arc]]<ref name="karir1"/><ref name=karir2'>[http://www.san.beck.org/8-6-France1400-53.html France’s Long War 1400-1453] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624050955/http://www.san.beck.org/8-6-France1400-53.html |date=2013-06-24 }}, (dipun''akses'' tanggal 24 April 2013)</ref>. Wonten ing carita fiksi, gesangipun punika dados ''inspirasi'' [[Marquis de Sade]], satunggaling [[novèl]] nalika taun 1813 ''[[Histoire secrete d'Isabelle de Baviere, reine de France]]''<ref name="karir1"/>. Bibar wiwitanipun Raja gerah, masarakat umum pitados bilih gerah méntal lan boten sagedipun Charles anggènipun mréntah punika amargi sikir lan mantra<ref name=charles7'>[http://madmonarchs.guusbeltman.nl/madmonarchs/charles6/charles6_bio.htm Charles VI of France], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 24 April 2013)</ref>, kados ing wiwitan taun 1380an kabar mau nyebar bilih pengadilan mau ngginakaken ngèlmu sikir<ref name="Adams 2010, 7">Adams (2010), 7</ref>. Ing taun 1397, garwanipun Orléans, Valentina Vasconti kapeksa kedah nilaraken Paris amargi piyambakipun dipunarani ngginakaken sikir. Para penyihir ketarik dhateng pengadilan ''raja edan'' mawi janji obat lan asring dipun-ginakaken minangka piranti pulitik déning sapérangan fraksi. Pratélan tiyang ingkang dipunarani nyihir Charles punika dipunrantam lan Isabeau ugi Orléans kedhaptar wonten ing mriku <ref>Veenstra (1997), 45, 81–82</ref>. Miturut babad Pinton punika, Orléans celak sanget kaliyan rayi iparipun, ingkang enèm lan ayu Isabeau saking Bavaria. Ratu ingkang sregep lan mawi [[rambut|rikma]] [[coklat]] nembé yuswa kalih dasa, garwanipun édan <ref name = "Adamsxiiiff">Adams (2010), xiii–xiv</ref>. Pinton ngandharaken Ratu lan Orléans punika dipuntilaraken déning Charles nglampahi tumindak ingkang awon <ref>Qtd in Veenstra (1997), 46</ref>, nelasaken arta ingkang kathah ing acara hiburan pengadilan. Dipunarani nyelèwèng, dhedhasar satunggal pada (paragraph) saking sujarah Pinton ingkang miturut Adams sapunika boten saged dipundadosaken bukti.<ref>Adams (2010), xvi</ref> Isabeau punika dipunsebat ndhèrèk ing gesang ingkang méwah lan awis, busana mawi [[permata]] lan model rambut ingkang dipunkepang bunder lan inggil.<ref>Tuchman (1978), 504</ref> Ing taun 1406 satunggaling satir pro-Burgundia piyambakipun dipunarani mimpin Prancis marang perang sedhèrèk amargi boten sagedipun njurung fraksi tunggal. Nalika abad kaping 18 lan abad kaping 19, sujarawan paring tandha marang Isabeau minangka tiyang ingkang "naté zina, mewah, licik, lan Ratu ingkang boros" ningali saking prestasinipun wonten ing pulitik lan prabawa ing pulitik. Satunggaling buku ingkang kondhang dipunserat déning Louise de Karalio (1758-1822) babagan awonipun Ratu Perancis sadèrèngipun [[Marie Antoinette]]. Karalio nyerat "Isabeau punika gesang déning kamurkan kanggé mbeta risaking nagara lan nyadé marang mungsuh-mungsuhipun; Isabeau saking Bavaria medal lan pawiwahanipun dipunwontenaken ing Amiens nalika tanggal 17 [[Juli]] 1385 badhé dipunsebat minangka prastawa ingkang paling damel ajrih wonten ing sajarah" <ref>Qtd in Adams (2010), 60</ref>. == ''Perlindungan'' == [[Gambar:Christine de Pisan and Queen Isabeau detail.jpg|thumb|[[Christine de Pizan]] maringi buku marang Ratu<ref name='karir1' />]] Kados kathahipun ing Valois, Isabeau punika satunggaling kolektor seni apresiatif. Piyambakipun remen kaliyan ''perhiasan''. Piyambakipun ijolan bebungah Warsa Enggal kaliyan Adipati saking Berry, salah satunggal pérangan ingkang taksih wonten inggih punika [[patung]] ronde-bosse Saint Catherine. Dokumentasi nedahaken piyambakipun paring dhawuh sapérangan tugelan saking tukang emas ing Paris<ref>Chapuis, Julien. [http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/valo_1/hd_valo_1.htm New York Metropolitan Museum of Art "Patronage at the Early Valois Courts (1328–1461)"]. ''Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History''. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved November 10, 2012</ref>. == Laré-laré == Wiyosipun 12 laré Isabeau punika kecathet. Isabeau gadhah enem putra lan enem putri. Ingkang kapisan wiyos ing taun 1386 lajeng ingkang pungkasan, Philip wiyos ing taun 1407 <ref name="ratu2" />. Saking enem laré, ingkang tiga punika séda nalika taksih enèm. Kalihan laré putra ingkang taksih gesang Charles VII gesang dumugi diwasa. Gansal saking enem laré èstri slamet, ingkang sekawan sampun krama lan ingkang satunggal, [[Marie saking Valois, Prioress saking Poissy|Marie]] (1393-1438) dipunkintun nalika umur sekawan taun supados gesang ing satunggaling biara, lan piyambakipun dados kepala biara mau <ref name = "Adams230ff">Adams (2010), 230–233</ref>. Nalika taun 1386, ing umur 16 taun Isabeau wiyosaken laré kapisan ingkang boten séda nalika taksih bayi. Laré èstri lajeng wiyos kalih taun salajengipun lajeng gesang dumugi taun 1390. Putrinipun ingkang kaping kalih, Isabella wiyos nalika taun 1389 <ref name="ratu2" />, krama ing umur pitung taun kapisan kaliyan Richard II saking [[Inggris]], Lajeng Charles, Adipati Orleans. Putri ingkang angka tiga, [[Joan saking Perancis (1391–1433)|Joan]] (1391-1433) ingkang gesang dumugi umur 42 taun krama kaliyan [[John VI, Adipati Bretagne]]. Putri ingkang angka sekawan [[Michele saking Valois|Michelle]] (1395-1422), garwa kapisanipun Philip Saé, séda tanpa laré ing umur 27 taun. [[Catherine saking Valois]]<ref name="valois"/>, Ratu Inggris, (1401-1438) krama kaliyan Henry V saking Inggris, Sir [[Owen Tudor]] mendhet dados garwa ingkang kaping kalih. Charles VII, (1403-1461) krama kaliyan [[Marie saking Anjou]]<ref name="ratu2" />. Charles, Dauphin Viennois, Adipati Guyenne (1392-1401) boten wonten masalah. Louis, Dauphin Viennois (1397-1415), krama kaliyan [[Margaret saking Burgundia (1393–1441)|Margaret saking Burgundia]] dipungambaraken minangka Dauphin ing Shakespeare Henry V, Piyambakipun séda nalika umut 19 taun. John, Dauphin saking Perancis (1398-1417), Dauphin Viennois, Adipati Touraine (1398-1417) punika garwa kapisan Jacqueline, Countess of Hainault. Charles VII, (1403-1461) krama kaliyan Marie saking Anjou. Miturut sejarawan modern Isabeau manggèn celak kaliyan mangsa-mangsa alitipun laré-laré, wisata sesarengan, maringi bebungah, nyerat serat, paring teks kanggé renungan, lan ngatur supados putra-putrinipun saged kadidik. Piyambakipun boten remen nalika putranipun dipunkintun dhateng rumah tangga sanès kanggé gesang (limrahipun ing kala punika) lan kuciwa marang akad nikah ingkang dipuntetapaken laré kaping tiga ingkang taksih gesang, John dipunkintun Hainaut <ref name="ratu2" />. == Keturunan == * Charles, Dauphin Viennois (1386-1386) <ref name="lare">[http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/w/i/l/Don-Ray-Wilson-WA/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0017.html Queen Queen Consort Isabeau de Bavière of France Queen (b. 1369, d. 24 Sep 1435)],(dipun''akses'' tanggal 24 April 2013)</ref> * [[Jeanne saking Valois]] (1388-1390) <ref name="lare" /> * [[Isabelle saking Valois|Isabelle]] (1389-1409); m.1 [[Richard II sakingInggris]]; m.2 [[Charles I saking Orléans]]<ref name="lare" /> * [[Jeanne saking Perancis (1391-1433)|Jeanne]] (1391-1433); m. [[Jean VI saking Bretagne]]<ref name="lare" /> * Charles, Dauphin Viennois, Adipati Guyenne (1392-1401)<ref name="lare" /> * [[Marie saking Valois, Kepala Biarawati Poissy|Marie]] (1393-1438), Kepala Biarawati Poissy<ref name="lare" /> * [[Michelle saking Valois|Michelle]] (1395-1422); krama kaliyan [[Philippe III saking Burgundia]]<ref name="lare" /> * [[Louis saking Guyenne|Louis]], Dauphin Viennois (1397-1415); krama kaliyan [[Marguerite saking Burgundia, Dauphine Perancis|Marguerite saking Burgundia]] ''sang Dauphin wonten ing [[Henry V (drama)|Henry V]] anngitanipun [[William Shakespeare]]''<ref name="lare" /> * [[Jean saking Perancis (13981417)|Jean]], Dauphin Viennois, Adipati Touraine (1398-1417); krama kaliyan [[Jacqueline, Pangeran Wanita Hainaut]] lan [[Holland]]<ref name="ratu2" /> * [[Catherine saking Valois]], Ratu Inggris, (1401-1438); krama kaliyan 1. [[Henry V saking Inggris]]; 2. Sir [[Owen Tudor]] * [[Charles VII saking Perancis]], Raja Perancis, (1403-1461) krama kaliyan [[Marie saking Anjou]]-''sang Dauphin wonten ing [[Henry VI (drama)|Henry VI]] anggitanipun Shakespeare''<ref name="ratu2" /> * Philippe (1407-1407) <ref name="charles2" /><ref name=charles8'>[http://www.dkdonovan.com/familygroup.php?familyID=F17464&tree=Main Family: Charles VI King Of FRANCE/Isabeau Of BAVARIA (F17464)], (dipun''akses'' tanggal 24 April 2013)</ref>, kados ing wiwitan taun 1380an kabar mau nyebar bilih pengadilan mau ngginakaken ngèlmu sikir<ref name="Adams 2010, 7"/> == Gladri == <gallery> :Gambar:Isabella of Valois muz otec.jpg|Miniatur<!-- from the Harley manuscript of Froissart's ''Chronicles'' --> nedahaken pawiwihan [[Isabella saking Valois|Isabella]] kaliyan [[Richard II saking Inggris]] :Gambar:Joan of France (1391–1433).jpg|[[Joan saking Prancis (1391–1433)|Joan saking Prancis]] krama kaliyan [[John VI, Adipati Britania]] :Gambar:Catherine of France.jpg|[[Catherine of Valois]] :Gambar:Charles VII by Jean Fouquet 1445 1450.jpg|[[Charles VII saking Prancis]] miniatur [[Jean Fouquet]] :Gambar:Moulage du gisant de la reine Isabeau de Baviere.jpg :Gambar:Christine de Pisan and Queen Isabeau.jpg|Christine de Pisan lan Ratu Isabeau :Gambar:Christine de Pisan and Queen Isabeau detail.jpg|Christine de Pisan lan Ratu Isabeau langkung cetha :Gambar:Isabeau de Baviere3.jpg|Isabeau saking Bavaria :Gambar:Madness of Charles VI.jpg|Wonten ing [[Charles VI saking Prancis|Charles VI]] nyerang ksatria ing taun 1392, dipuntedahaken wonten ing miniatur saking Chronicles Froissart punika Gambar:Fire carles6.jpg|Bal des Ardents nedahaken [[Charles VI saking Prancis|Charles VI]] Charles VI wonten ing sangandhaping ''Duchess of rok Berry''. </gallery> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * [http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/valo_1/hd_valo_1.htm New York Metropolitan Museum of Art] page on Valois French art patronage. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20020223134201/http://www.geocities.com/tudorgenealogist/Tudor1.html The Tudor lineage] * [http://www.paris.org/Kiosque/apr00/506jean.html A tour of Isabeau's residence in Paris] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103164211/http://paris.org/Kiosque/apr00/506jean.html |date=2011-01-03 }} * [http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Government-Leaders.htm Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership] == Silsilah == {{ahnentafel top|width=100%}} <center>{{ahnentafel-compact5 |style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; |border=1 |boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. '''Elisabeth von Bayern-Ingolstadt''' |2= 2. [[Stephan III saking Bayern]] |3= 3. Taddaea Visconti |4= 4. [[Stephan II saking Bayern]] |5= 5. [[Elisabetta saking Sisilia (1310-1349)|Elisabetta saking Sisilia]] |6= 6. [[Bernabò Visconti]] |7= 7. Beatrice della Scala |8= 8. [[Ludwig IV, Kaisar Romawi Suci]] |9= 9. [[Beatrycze saking Silesia]] |10= 10. [[Fidiricu III saking Sisilia]] |11= 11. [[Eleonora saking Anjou]] |12= 12. [[Stefano Visconti]] |13= 13. Valentina Doria |14= 14. [[Mastino II della Scala]] |15= 15. Taddea da Carrara |16= 16. [[Ludwig II, Adipati Bayern]] |17= 17. [[Mathilde saking Habsburg]] |18= 18. [[Henryk III saking Glogów]] |19= 19. Mathilde saking Braunschweig-Lüneburg |20= 20. [[Pero III saking Aragon]] |21= 21. [[Custanza saking Sisilia, Ratu Aragon)|Custanza saking Sisilia]] |22= 22. [[Carlo II saking Napoli]] |23= 23. [[Mária saking Honggari]] |24= 24. [[Matteo I Visconti]] |25= 25. Bonacossa Borri |26= 26. Barnabo Doria saking Sasello lan Logoduro |27= 27. Eliana Fieschi |28= 28. [[Alboino I della Scala]] |29= 29. Beatrice da Correggio |30= 30. Jacopo II saking Padova }}</center> {{ahnentafel bottom}} == Bibliografi == * Adams, Tracy. (2010). ''The Life and Afterlife of Isabeau of Bavaria''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP. ISBN 978-0-8018-9625-5 * Allen, Prudence. (2006). ''The Concept of Woman: The Early Humanist Reformation, 1250–1500, Part 2''. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-3347-1 * Famiglietti, R.C. (1992). ''Tales of the Marriage Bed from Medieval France (1300–1500)''. Picardy Press. ISBN 978-0-9633494-2-2 * Gibbons, Rachel. (1996). "Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen of France (1385–1422). The Creation of a Historical Villainess". ''Transactions of the Royal Historical Society'', Volume 6, 51–73 * Hedeman, Anne D. (1991). [http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft8k4008jd/ ''The Royal Image: Illustrations of the Grandes Chroniques de France, 1274–1422'']. Berkeley: University of California Press * Henneman, John Bell. (1996). ''Olivier de Clisson and Political Society in France under Charles V and Charles VI''. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-3353-7 * Husband, Timothy. (2008). ''The Art of Illumination: The Limbourg Brothers and the Belles Heures of Jean Berry''. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-13671-5 * Huizinga, J. (1924, 2009 edition). ''The Waning of the Middle Ages''. Oxford: Bendediction. ISBN 978-1-84902-895-0 * Knecht, Robert. (2007). ''The Valois: Kings of France 1328–1589''. London: Hambledon Continuum. ISBN 978-1-85285-522-2 * Seward, Desmond. (1978). ''The Hundred Years War: The English in France 1337–1453''. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-17377-0 * Solterer, Helen. (2007). "Making Names, Breaking Lives: Women and Injurious Language at the Court of Isabeau of Bavaria and Charles VI". In ''Cultural Performances in Medieval France''. ed. Eglat Doss-Quimby, et al. Cambridge: DS Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84384-112-8 * Tuchman, Barbara. (1978). ''A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century''. New York: Ballantine. ISBN 978-0-345-34957-6 * Veenstra, Jan R.and Laurens Pignon. (1997). ''Magic and Divination at the Courts of Burgundy and France''. New York: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10925-4 {{S-start}} {{s-roy|fr}} {{succession box|title=[[Pratélan Ratu Prancis|Ratu Prancis]]|before=[[Jeanne saking Bourbon]]|after=[[Marie saking Anjou]]|years=1385–1422}} {{End}} [[Kategori:Lair 1370]] [[Kategori:Pati 1435]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Jerman]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Perancis]] j0egt4vsefgl7m874codzvhyfrqnzud Haruka Nakagawa 0 99631 1760015 1733448 2026-11-05T21:26:31Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person |name = Nakagawa Haruka<br />仲川遥香 |image = 令和3年11月5日仲川遥香在外公館長表彰式(cropped).png |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|2|10}} |birth_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Jepang]] |nationality = [[Jepang]] |genre = [[J-pop]] |othername = Harugon, Haruka, Haruka JKT48, Harusan, Harugon AKB48 |occupation = [[Penyanyi]] |years_active = |label = You! Be Cool/King |spouses = yayabarokeng Records<br />Pony Canyon<br />Sony Music Records |associated_acts = [[JKT48]] [[AKB48]] [[Watarirouka Hashiritai 7]] |siblings = |current_members = |past_members = |URL = }} '''Haruka Nakagawa''' (仲川 遥香) Nakagawa Haruka, lair ing [[Tokyo]], 10 Fèbruari 1992; umur 27 taun) ya iku idola [[Jepang]] anggota grup idola [[JKT48]] lan unit [[Watarirouka Hashiritai]] saka [[AKB48]]. Sadurungé iku Haruka Nakagawa dadi anggota AKB48 Tim A. == Profil == Haruka Nakagawa ya iku anak nomer 2 saka 5 sadulur. Bapake mono manten juru gulat profésional [[Jepang]]. Dhèwèké mèlu audhisi [[AKB48]] Angkatan 3, lan ditampa tanggal 3 Dhésèmber 2006. Haruka Nakagawa lumebu ing unit [[Okashina Sisters]] saka [[AKB48]] bareng karo [[Aika Ota]] lan [[Mayu Watanabe]] kancané kang padha saka Angkatan 3. Unit mau genti jeneng dadi [[Watarirouka Hashiritai]] sawisé [[Natsumi Hirajima]] gabung. Sawisé iku Haruka Nakagawa pindhah ing anggota Tim A wiwit Oktober 2009. lan miwiti debut Tim A ing tanggal 27 Juli 2010. Ing wengi konser AKB48 Tokyo Dome "1830 m no Yume" 24 Agustus 2012 diumumke déning transfer [[Aki Takajo]] lan Haruka Nakagawa saka AKB48 dadi anggota JKT48.<ref>[http://www.ristizona.com/2012/09/profil-dan-foto-haruka-nakagawa-jkt48.html www.ristizona.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708234421/http://www.ristizona.com/2012/09/profil-dan-foto-haruka-nakagawa-jkt48.html |date=2013-07-08 }}(ditingali tanggal 31 Maret 2013)</ref> == Diskografi == === Album dan singel === ==== AKB48 ==== * Ing "[[River (lagu AKB48)|River]]" ** {{nihongo|"Kimi no Koto ga Suki Dakara"|君のことが好きだから}} karo Under Girls * Ing "[[Sakura no Shiori]]" ** "Choose me!" karo Tim YJ * Ing "[[Ponytail to Shushu]]" ** {{nihongo|"Boku no Yell"|僕のYell}} karo Theatre Girls * "[[Heavy Rotation (lagu AKB48)|Heavy Rotation]]" * Ing "[[Beginner (lagu)|Beginner]]" ** {{nihongo|"Boku Dake no Value"|僕だけのvalue}} karo Under Girls * Ing "[[Chance no Junban]]" ** {{nihongo|"Kurumi to Dialogue"|胡桃とダイアローグ}} karo Tim A * Ing "[[Sakura no Ki ni Narou]]" ** {{nihongo|"Gūzen no Jūjiro"|偶然の十字路}} karo Under Girls * Ing "[[Everyday, Katyusha]]" ** {{nihongo|"Hito no Chikara"|人の力}} karo Under Girls * Ing "[[Flying Get]]" ** {{nihongo|"Dakishimecha Ikenai"|抱きしめちゃいけない}} karo Under Girls * Ing "[[Kaze wa Fuiteiru]]" ** {{nihongo|"Kimi no Senaka"|君の背中}} karo Under Girls * Ing "[[Ue kara Mariko]]" ** {{nihongo|"Rinjin wa Kizutsukanai"|隣人は傷つかない}} karo Tim A * Ing "[[Give Me Five !]]" ** {{nihongo|"Jung to Freud no baai"|ユングやフロイトの場合}} * Ing "[[Manatsu no Sounds Good !]]" ** {{nihongo|"Gugutasu no Sora"|ぐぐたすの空}} * Ing "[[Gingham Check]]" ** {{nihongo|"Doremifa Onchi"|ドレミファ音痴}} karo Next Girls * Ing "[[Eien Pressure]]" ** {{nihongo|"Watashitachi no Reason"|私たちのReason}} ==== JKT48 ==== * Dalam "[[Heavy Rotation (album JKT48)]]"<ref>{{cite news |title=Inilah 10 Lagu Andalan di Album ‘Heavy Rotation’ |author= |url=http://www.langitberita.com/entertainment/77692/inilah-10-lagu-andalan-di-album-heavy-rotation/ |newspaper= |date=2013-02-18 |accessdate=2013-02-25 |archive-date=2013-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922003503/http://www.langitberita.com/entertainment/77692/inilah-10-lagu-andalan-di-album-heavy-rotation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ** "[[Teriakan Berlian]]"/"Oogoe Diamond" ** "[[Maafkan, Summer]]"/"Gomen ne, Summer" *Kaze wa Fuiteru *Kibouteki Refrain === Lagu unit pertunjukan teater === ==== AKB48 ==== ;[[Team B 1st Stage "Seishun Girls"]] # {{nihongo|"Fusidara na Natsu"|ふしだらな夏}} ;[[Team B 2nd Stage "Aitakatta"]] # {{nihongo|"Glass no I Love You"|ガラスのI LOVE YOU}} # {{nihongo|"Senaka Kara Dakishimete"|背中から抱きしめて}} # {{nihongo|"Rio no Kakumei"|リオの革命}} ;[[Team B 3rd Stage "Pajama Drive"]] # {{nihongo|"Pajama Drive"|パジャマドライブ}} ;[[Team B 4th Stage "Idol no Yoake"]] # {{nihongo|"Tengoku Yarō"|天国野郎}} ; [[Theatre G-Rosso "Yume o Shinaseru Wake ni Ikanai]]'' # {{nihongo|"Tonari no Banana"|となりのバナナ}} #: Cadangan untuk [[Tomomi Kasai]], [[Reina Fujie]], [[Aki Takajō]], [[Misaki Iwasa]]. ;[[Team A 6th Stage "Mokugekisha"]] # {{nihongo|"Saboten to Gold Rush"|サボテンとゴールドラッシュ}} ==== JKT48 ==== ; Team J 1st Stage "[[Renai Kinshi Jourei]]" # "Virus Tipe Hati" ("Heart Gata Virus") == Filmografi == === Film === * ''[[Three Day Boys]]'' (4 Juli 2009, Freak Entertainment) * {{nihongo|''[[Batsu Game]]''|×ゲーム}} (18 September 2010, [[Jolly Roger]]) === Serial drama === * {{nihongo|''[[Majisuka Gakuen]]''|マジすか学園}} episode terakhir (26 Maret 2010, [[TV Tokyo]]) * ''[[Sakura kara no Tegami: AKB48 Sorezore no Sotsugyou Monogatari]]'' (26 Fèbruari-6 Maret 2011, [[Nippon Television]]) * Nichiyō Golden: {{nihongo|''[[Tsuri Deka]]''|釣り刑事}} "Ai to Kanashimi no Sakanatachi (9 Mèi 2011, [[TBS]]) * {{nihongo|''[[Majisuka Gakuen 2]]''|マジすか学園2}} episode terakhir (1 Juli 2011, TV Tokyo) === Acara varietas === * {{nihongo|''[[AKB 0-ji 59-fun!]]''|AKB0じ59ふん!}} (5-26 Mèi 2008, [[Nippon Television]]) * ''[[AKB48 Nemousu Terebi]]'' ([[Family Gekijo]]) * ''[[Shukan AKB]]'' (10 Juli 2009-, tidak tetap, [[TV Tokyo]]) * ''[[AKBingo!]]'' (23 Dhésèmber 2009, 6 Januari, 3-17 Maret, 2/9 Juni 2010, Nippon Television) * ''[[Naruhodo! High School]]'' (30 Mèi 2010, Nippon Television) == Pranala njaba == * [http://jkt48.com/member/detail/id/59?lang=id Profil di situs resmi JKT48] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118000122/http://jkt48.com/member/detail/id/59?lang=id |date=2013-01-18 }} * {{ja}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20131205184727/http://www.akb48.co.jp/about/members/detail.php?name=nakagawa_haruka Profil resmi Haruka Nakagawa di situs resmi AKB48] * {{ja}} [http://www.ogipro.com/talent/nakagawa/ Profil di manajemen artis Production Ogi] * {{ja}} [http://akb48teamogi.jp/ Situs resmi AKB48 TeamOgi] * {{ja}} [http://blog.oricon.co.jp/watarirouka/category_4/ Blog resmi Haruka Nakagawa-Watarirouka Hashiritai] * {{ja}} [https://plus.google.com/u/0/?tab=wX#102249965218267255722/posts Haruka Nakagawa di Google+] == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Anggota AKB48]] [[Kategori:Anggota JKT48]] [[Kategori:Idola Jepang]] [[Kategori:Lair 1992]] {{stub}} gc028dzlbqlebux7nco56pu54v49obk Komune ing Prancis 0 99886 1760185 1751476 2026-11-06T06:26:32Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760185 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Logo Komune Perancis.png|thumb|Logo Komune Prancis]] [[Gambar:La Défense depuis l'Arc de Triomphe Janvier 2023.jpg|thumb|[[Paris]]]] [[Gambar:Marseille.jpg|thumb|[[Marseille]]]] [[Gambar:Lyon kompressed.JPG|thumb|[[Lyon]]]] [[Gambar:Toulouse toits depuis Boulbonne.jpg|thumb|[[Toulouse]]]] [[Gambar:Vue_du_Vieux-Nice.jpg|thumb|[[Nice]]]] [[Gambar:Absolute place Kleber 02.jpg|thumb|[[Strasbourg]]]] [[Gambar:Montpellier fg06.jpg|thumb|[[Montpellier]]]] [[Gambar:Bordeaux Miroir 001.jpg|thumb|[[Bordeaux]]]] '''''Commune''''' minangka tingkat paling andhap saking pérangan administratif wonten ing [[Prancis|Républik Prancis]].<ref name="internet1">Constitution française du 4 octobre 1958(Constitution du 6 octobre 1950), article 72, alinéa {{1er}}: « Les collectivités territoriales de la République sont les communes, les [[département français|départements]], les [[région française|régions]], les collectivités à statut particulier et les collectivités d'outre-mer régies par l'article 74 [de la Constitution]. Toute autre collectivité territoriale est créée par la loi, le cas échéant en lieu et place d'une ou de plusieurs collectivités mentionnées au présent alinéa. ».</ref> Tembung ''commune'' wonten ing basa Prancis medal wonten ing abad kaping 12, saking [[Basa Latin Pertengahan]], ''[[komune pertengahan|communia]]'', ateges sekempalan alit tiyang ingkang sami wonten ing pagesangan saben dinten, saking [[Basa Latin]] ''communis'', satunggaling bab ingkang dipuntindakaken sesarengan. Komune Prancis sami kaliyan [[kotamadya]]/kutha wonten ing [[Amérikah Sarékat]] utawi ''[[Praja ing Jerman#Gemeinden|Gemeinden]]'' wonten ing [[Jerman]]. Komune Prancis boten gadhah pepadhan wonten ing [[Karajan Manunggal]], gadhah status wonten ing sawijining papan antawising [[dhistrik non-metropolitan|dhistrik]] lan [[paroki sipil]] [[Inggris]]. Sawijining komune Prancis saged wujud kutha kanthi penduduk 2 juta jiwa kados ta [[Paris]], kutha alit kanthi cacahing penduduk 10.000 jiwa, utawi namung désa kanthi penduduk 10 jiwa. == Karakteristik umum == === Cacahing Komune === Rikala tanggal [[1]] [[Maret]] [[2007]], wonten udakawis 36.780 komune ing [[Prancis]], 36.568 antawisipun wonten ing [[Prancis Metropolitan]]<ref name="internet2"> {{Lien web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/nomenclatures/cog/telechargement.asp |titre=Code Officiel Géographique |site= le site de l'Insee |consulté le= 22 April 2013 }}.</ref><ref name="inseemo"> {{Lien web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/nomenclatures/cog/recherche_historique.asp?debut=2011&fin=2012&dep=00&mod=M0 |titre=Modifications de communes en 2011 et 2012 |site= le site de l'Insee |consulté le= 22 April 2013 }}.</ref> lan 212 ingkang sanès wonten ing sebrang laut.<ref name="internet4">{{fr icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/nomenclatures/cog/documentation.asp| title=Code officiel géographique&nbsp;— Présentation|first=[[Government of France]]| last=[[INSEE]]|accessdate=2013-04-22}}</ref><ref name="internet5">{{fr icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/default.asp?page=nomenclatures/cog/outremer.htm| title=Code des collectivités d'outre-mer (COM)|first=[[Government of France]]| last=[[INSEE]]|accessdate=2013-04-22}}</ref><ref name="internet11"/><ref name="internet76"/> Cacah punika dipunanggep langkung inggil tinimbang [[nagara]] [[Éropa]]<ref name="internet74">{{Cite web |url=http://statistik.ptkpt.net/_a.php?_a=area&info1=6 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-23 |archive-date=2013-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608073111/http://statistik.ptkpt.net/_a.php?_a=area&info1=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ingkang sanès. Bab punika dipunandharaken kanthi gambalang wonten ing pérangan sajarah ing ngandhap; komune Prancis sampun nggantosaken pamérangan Prancis dados désa utawi [[paroki]] nalika [[Revolusi Prancis]] langkung saking kalih abad kapengker. {| class="wikitable" width=285px align="center" |+ style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 0.9em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"|Éwah-éwahaning cacah Komune<ref name="internet6">{{fr icon}} {{cite web|url=http://projetbabel.org/gl/cog.pdf| title=Le code officiel géographique (COG), avant, pendant et autour (Version 3, volume 1)|first=[[Government of France]]| last=[[INSEE]]|accessdate=2013-04-22}}</ref> |- !width="33.33%"| !! width="33.33%"|&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Prancis Metropolitan]]<ref name="internet2"/>!! width="33.33%"|&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Prancis Sebrang Laut]]<ref name="internet11">http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/</ref><ref name="internet76">http://outremer.mnhn.fr/les-outre-mer{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- ! 1 Jan. 1999 | align=center|36,565 || align=center|214 |- ! 1 Jan. 2000 | align=center|36,566 || align=center|214 |- ! 1 Jan. 2001 | align=center|36,563 || align=center|214 |- ! 1 Jan. 2002 | align=center|36,565 || align=center|214 |- ! 1 Jan. 2003 | align=center|36,564 || align=center|214 |- ! 1 Jan. 2004 | align=center|36,568 || align=center|214 |- ! 1 Jan. 2005 | align=center|36,570 || align=center|214 |- ! 1 Jan. 2006 | align=center|36,571 || align=center|214 |- ! 1 Jan. 2007 | align=center|36,569 || align=center|214 |- ! 1 Mar. 2007 | align=center|36,568 || align=center|212 |} Ugi perlu dipunmangertosi bilih, boten kados nagara ingkang sanès kalebet [[Amérikah Sarékat]]<ref name="internet 72">http://www.anneahira.com/nagara-bagian-amerika-serikat.htm{{Pranala mati|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>, sadaya tèritori Républik Prancis, ing njawi sapérangan jajahan sebrang laut alit, kapérang dados komune. Wonten ing tèritori [[Républik Prancis]] boten wonten ing wewengkon ingkang kapisah ingkang dipunpimpin déning sawijining [[kabupatèn]] utawi tataran ingkang langkung inggil (Punika sami kaliyan [[New England]]<ref name="internet 73">http://www.discovernewengland.org/</ref> wonten ing Amérikah Sarékat). Pérangan lemah pundi kémawon wonten ing Républik Prancis minangka péranganing sawijining komune, kekalihipun wonten ing [[Prancis Metropolitan]]<ref name="internet2"/> lan sebrang laut (kalebet pagunungan utawi "hutan hujan" ingkang boten wonten pendudukipun), kanthi pengecualian tumrap: * COM (''collectivité d'outre-mer'', ateges ''jajahan sebrang laut'') [[Saint-Martin]] (33.102 jiwa).<ref name="internet90">http://www.geographia.com/st-martin/</ref> Sadèrèngipun wujud komune wonten ing ''[[région ing Prancis|région]]'' [[Guadeloupe]]<ref name="internet7">{{Cite web |url=http://www.guadeloupe-islands.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-20 |archive-date=2013-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422052941/http://guadeloupe-islands.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Struktur komune punika dipunbisak nalika Saint-Martin dados jajahan sebrang laut rikala tanggal [[22]] [[Fèbruari]] [[2007]]. Sapunika dados salah satunggal saking tigang tèritori kanthi penduduk permanèn saking Républik Prancis tanpa struktur komune. * COM [[Wallis lan Futuna]] (14.944 jiwa), ingkang taksih kapérang dados tigang kesukuan tradhisional. Sapunika dados salah satunggal saking tigang tèritori kanthi penduduk permanèn saking Républik Prancis ingkang boten kapérang dados komune<ref name="internet8">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/wallis_futuna/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-20 |archive-date=2013-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420170525/http://dfat.gov.au/geo/wallis_futuna/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. * COM [[Saint-Barthélemy]] (6.852 jiwa)<ref name="internet9">http://www.st-barths.com/en/home.html</ref>. Sadèrèngipun wujud komune wonten ing region Guadeloupe. Struktur komune punika dipunbisak nalika Saint-Martin dados jajahan sebrang laut rikala tanggal 22 Fèbruari 2007. Sapunika dadosi salah satunggal saking tigang tèritori kanthi penduduk permanèn saking Républik Prancis tanpa struktur komune<ref name="internet10">{{Cite web |url=http://countrycode.org/saintbarthelemy |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-20 |archive-date=2013-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523162335/http://countrycode.org/saintbarthelemy |url-status=dead }}</ref>. * TOM (''territoire d'outre-mer'', atages ''teritori sebrang laut'') Daratan Kidul lan Antarktika Prancis (tanpa penduduk permanèn, sakitar 200 ilmuwan, wadya lan pengamat cuaca)<ref name="internet11"/>. * [[Pulo Clipperton]] wonten ing Samudera Pasifik (tanpa penduduk)<ref name="internet12">http://wn.com/id_Pulau_Clipperton</ref>. === Wiyar daratan komune biyasa === Wonten ing [[Prancis]] Metropolitan, wiyar rerata sawijining komune taun [[2004]] inggih punika [[1 E7 m²|14.88 km²]] (5.75 mil pasagi, utawi 3.676 ekar). Wiyar mèdian komune Prancis Metropolitan (wonten ing sensus [[1999]]) langkung alit, inggih punika [[1 E7 m²|10.73 km²]] (4.14 mil pasagi, utawi 2.651 ekar). Wiyar mèdian inggih punika pangukuran wewengkon ingkang langkung saé kanggé komune Prancis biyasa. Wiyar mèdian punika langkung alit tinimbang laladan-laladan wonten ing nagara [[Éropa]], kados ta [[Italia]] ing pundi wiyar mèdian komune-nipun (''[[comuni]]'')<ref name="internet81">{{Cite web |url=http://www.italia.it/en/home.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-23 |archive-date=2009-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091018203348/http://www.italia.it/en/home.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> 22&nbsp;km² (8.5 mil pasagi, [[Bèlgi]] 40&nbsp;km² (15.5 mil pasagi)<ref name="internet79">http://www.belgia.com/</ref>, [[Spanyol]] 35&nbsp;km² (13.5 mil pasagi)<ref name="internet80">http://www.e-spanyol.hu/</ref>, utawi [[Jerman]] ing pundi kathah-kathahipun ''[[Praja ing Jerman|Länder]]''<ref name="internet82">{{Cite web |url=http://www.internetpolyglot.com/swedish/lesson-3104701210 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-23 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193513/http://www.internetpolyglot.com/swedish/lesson-3104701210 |url-status=dead }}</ref> gadhah komune (''[[Praja ing Jerman|Gemeinden]]'') kanthi wiyar median ing sanginggilipun 15&nbsp;km² (5.8 mil pasagi). Wiyar komune Prancis ingkang alit sanget punika dipunsebabaken amargi cacahing komune ingkang inggil, sampun dipunandharaken ing nginggil, wonten ing tèritori kanthi ukuran manengah kados ta Prancis. Taun [[2000]], [[Switserlan]]<ref name="internet78">http://www.swiss.com/web/EN/Pages/index.aspx?Country=US</ref> lan ''[[Praja ing Jerman|Länder]]'' [[Rheinland-Pfalz]]<ref name="internet13">http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/Germany/rheinland-pfalz.htm</ref>, [[Schleswig-Holstein]]<ref name="internet14">{{Cite web |url=http://www.schleswig-holstein.de/Portal/EN/Portal_node.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-20 |archive-date=2013-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403202140/http://schleswig-holstein.de/Portal/EN/Portal_node.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>, lan [[Thüringen]]<ref name="internet15">http://www.thueringen.info/</ref> ing [[Jerman]] dados satunggalipun laladan ing Éropa ing pundi komune-nipun gadhah wiyar mèdian ingkang langkung alit saking komune [[Prancis]]. Komune [[département d'outre-mer|''département'' sebrang laut]] kados ta [[Réunion]]<ref name="internet77">http://www.reunion.fr/en/</ref> lan [[Guyana Prancis]]<ref name="internet16">http://binvenueafrance.blogspot.com/2011/11/pembagian-administratif.html</ref> langkung ageng saking baku Prancis, langkung ageng saking komune Prancis Metropolitan. Limrahipun kagolongaken dados komune ingkang sami awujud sapérangan désa lan kutha alit. Wonten ing [[Réunion]]<ref name="internet77"/>, pawiyaran démografi lan urbanisasi ingkang nyebar sampun ngasilaken pamérangan administratif awujud ''communes''. === Cacahing penduduk komune biyasa === Cacahing penduduk mèdian komune Prancis Metropolitan wonten ing sensus [[1999]] inggih punika 380 jiwa. Punika ugi minangka cacah ingkang paling sakedhik, lan ing ngriki Prancis taksih tebih saking Éropa, kanthi cacahing pendduuk mèdian komune paling sakedhik saking sadaya [[nagara Éropa]] (komune ing [[Switserlan]]<ref name="internet78"/> utawi [[Rheinland-Pfalz]] gadhah wiyar ingkang langkung alit, kaandharaken ing nginggil, nanging langkung padet). Cacahing penduduk mèdian andhap komune Prancis punika saged kabandhaingaken kaliyan [[Italia]] ing pundi cacahing penduduk mèdian komune-nipun wonten ing taun [[2001]] dumugi angka 2.343 jiwa<ref name="internet81"/>, [[Bèlgi]] 11.265 jiwa<ref name="internet79"/>, punapa déné [[Spanyol]] kanthi cacah 564 jiwa.<ref name="internet80"/> Cacah penduduk mèdian ing ngriki boten nyingedaken kasunyatan bilih béda ukuran ingkang ageng antawisipun komune ing Prancis. Kados ingkang sampun kaandharaken ing pérangan awal, sawijining komune saged wujud kutha kanthi 2.000.000 jiwa kados Paris<ref name="internet82"/>, kutha alit kanthi 10.000 jiwa<ref name="internet82"/>, utawi désa kanthi 10 jiwa. Punapa ingkang dipungendikakaken cacahing penduduk mèdian minangka pratandha bilih kathah-kathahipun komune Prancis namung gadhah kalih atus komune; nanging ugi wonten sapérangan alit komune ingkang padhet pendudukipun. [[Gambar:Alsace Adve3.png|thumb|250px|Region [[Alsace]]: 8,280 km² daratanipun kapérang dados 904 komune. Bab ingkang limrah wonten ing [[Prancis Metropolitan]].]] Wonten ing Prancis Metropolitan, wonten 20.982 komune ingkang cacahipun penduduk kirang saking 500 jiwa<ref name="internet82"/>, ing pundi 57.4% saking sadaya komune. 20.982 komune punika namung gadhah penduduk 4.638.000 jiwa, utawi 7.7% saking cacahing sadaya penduduk [[Prancis]] Metropolitan. Kanthi makaten, namung 7.7% penduduk Prancis ingkang dumunung wonten ing 57.4% komune<ref name="internet82"/>, déné 92.3% penduduk ingkang netetp ing angka 42.6% komune ing Prancis.<ref name="internet82"/> === Tuladha ingkang Limrah: Alsace === [[Gambar:Alsace.jpg|thumb|Region Alsace]] [[Region ing Prancis|Region]] [[Alsace]]<ref name="internet17">http://www.lalsace.fr/</ref>, kanthi wiyar [[1 E+9 m²|8.280 km²]] (3.197 mil pasagi), minangka règion paling alit wonten ing [[Prancis Metropolitan]], nanging kapérang dados 904 komune (903 komune dumugi taun [[2006]], nanging komune [[Bosselshausen]]<ref name="internet83">http://www.francethisway.com/places/a/kirrwiller-bosselshausen-bas-rhin.php</ref> lan [[Kirrwiller]]<ref name="internet84">http://www.maplandia.com/france/alsace/bas-rhin/saverne/kirrwiller/</ref>, ingkang sampun dipungabung wiwit taun [[1974]], dipunpisah malih tanggal [[1]] [[Januari]] [[2007]], cacahipun dados 904). Cacahipun komune punika boten istiméwa manawi kabandhingaken kaliyan région ingkang sanès wonten ing [[Prancis Metropolitan]], nanging nalika dipunlebetaken wonten ing tingkat Éropa, cacah punika katingal istiméwa kanggé komune Prancis. Kanthi 904 komune, règion alit Alsace sampun gadhah kotamadya ingkang cacahipun kaping tiga langkung kathah tinimbang [[krajan]] [[Swèdhen]], ingkang tèritori paling agengipun gadhah wiyar 449.964&nbsp;km² (173.732 mil pasagi) namung kapérang dados 290 kotamadya (''[[kotamadya ing Swèdhen|kommuner]]''). Alsace gadhah cacah kaping kalih langkung kathah saking kotamadya ing [[Walanda]], éwadéné cacahing penduduk Walanda kaping sanga langkung kathah lan wiyaripun kaping sekawan langkung ageng saking Alsace, namung kapérang dados 443 kotamadya (''[[kotamadya ing Walanda|gemeenten]]'')<ref name="internet18">{{Cite web |url=http://www.vlaanderen.be/nl/ontdek-vlaanderen/provincies-en-gemeenten |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-20 |archive-date=2013-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415034814/http://www.vlaanderen.be/nl/ontdek-vlaanderen/provincies-en-gemeenten |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Éwadéné wonten budaya Jerman ing Alsace, kathahipun komune Alsace sampun medal saking manéka komune ing règion Prancis sanès saking ''penolakan'' tumrap ukum Prancis ingkang maksa komune saperlu nggabungaken dhiri kaliyan komune ingkang sanès, ing pundi kathah [[praja ing Jerman]] ingkang winatesan kaliyan Alsace, kotamadya-nipun (''[[kotamadya ing Jerman|Gemeinden]]'') sampun kagabung wonten ing manéka gelombang wiwit 1960-an, lan kanthi langsung ngirangi cacahipun. Wonten ing praja [[Baden-Württemberg]]<ref name="internet19">http://www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/en/home/</ref>, sebrang [[Kali]] [[Rhine]]<ref name="internet20">http://www.tripadvisor.co.id/ShowUserReviews-g188568-d229236-r118765294-NH_Rijnhotèl-Arnhem_Gelderland_Province.html</ref>, cacahipun ''Gemeinden'' samsaya kirang, saking 3.378 rikala taun [[1968]]<ref name="internet21">{{de icon}} {{cite web| url=http://www.landtag-bw.de/wp12/drucksachen/5000/12_5490_d.pdf| title=25 Jahre Gemeindereform Baden-Württemberg; hier: Neuordnung der Gemeinden| author=Parliament (Landtag) of Baden-Württemberg| format=PDF| accessdate=2013-04-22| archive-date=2012-05-13| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513230012/http://www9.landtag-bw.de/wp12/drucksachen/5000/12_5490_d.pdf| url-status=dead}}</ref> dados 1.108 rikala September 2007.<ref name=German_Gemeinden>{{de icon}} {{cite web| url=http://www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de/dtland/dtland.htm| title=Gemeinden in Deutschland| author=gemeindeverzeichnis.de| accessdate=2013-04-22| archive-date=2018-10-16| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016132547/http://www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de/dtland/dtland.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> Minangka perbandhingan, cacah komune wonten ing Alsace namung kirang saking 945 taun [[1971]]<ref name="internet22">{{fr icon}} {{cite web| url=http://splaf.free.fr/67his.html| title=Historique du Bas-Rhin| author=SPLAF| accessdate=2013-04-22}}</ref><ref name="internet23">{{fr icon}} {{cite web| url=http://splaf.free.fr/68his.html| title=Historique du Haut-Rhin| author=SPLAF| accessdate=2013-04-22}}</ref> (sadèrèngipun ukum Marcellin ingkang miwiti komune Prancis kagabung satunggal kaliyan sanèsipun, pirsani pérangan [[Komune ing Prancis#Perdebatan|perdebatan]] ing ngandhap) dados 904 rikala wulan Januari 2007. Kasilipun, règion Alsace, kanthi wiyar ingkang namung seperlima wiyar Baden-Württemberg lan cacahing penduduk namung seperenem Baden-Württemberg, gadhah kathah kotamadya tinimbang praja ing Jerman. Règion alit Alsace gadhah langkung saking kaping kalihipun cacah kotamadya ing praja paling ageng lan ingkang kathah piyambak pendudukipun [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] (396 ''Gemeinden'' rikala September 2007)ing pundi panggabungan kotamadya dipuntindakaken langkung rikat saking Baden-Württemberg, lan kotamadya ing praja paling ageng [[Niedersachsen]]<ref name="internet24">http://www.niedersachsen.de/portal/</ref> (1.022 ''Gemeinden'' rikala September 2007).<ref name=German_Gemeinden /> === Status komune === Amargi pabédan ingkang ageng wonten ing cacahing penduduk, saben komune ing Républik Prancis ngangkat satunggaling wali kutha (''maire'') lan déwan kotamadya (''conseil municipal'') ingkang ngatur komune saking ''[[Hôtel de Ville|mairie]]<ref name="internet25">http://www.devillehotèl.com.pa/{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>'' ([[balai kutha (administrasi)|balai kutha]]), kanthi kakuwasan ingkang sami éwadéné agengipun komune boten sami (kanthi kutha Paris minangka pangecualian, ing pundi pulisi kutha dipuntindakaken pamaréntah punjer, sanès wali kutha Paris). Kaseragaman status punika minangka kasil jelas saking Revolusi Prancis, ingkang nglajengaken kabiyasan lokal ingkang kadamel wonten ing kraton Prancis. Wiyaripun komune taksih dados perkawi, nanging, wonten ing kalih alesan: ukum Prancis netepaken ukuran [[dewan kotamadya]] miturut cacahing penduduk komune, lan ukuran cacah penduduk ateges ing pundi prosès pamilihan dipun-ginakaken kanggé pamilihan déwan kotamadya papanipun piyambak-piyambak. Wiwit Hukum PML taun 1982 dipunsahaken, tigang komune Prancis ugi gadhah status istiméwa ing pundi tigang komune punik kapérang dados [[arondisemen kotamadya ing Prancis|arondisemen kotamadya]]: inggih punika [[Paris]]<ref name="internet26">http://www.paris.com/</ref>, [[Marseille]]<ref name="internet27">http://www.marseille.fr/sitevdm/versions-etrangeres/english--discover-marseille</ref>, lan [[Lyon]]<ref name="internet28">http://www.en.lyon-france.com/</ref>. [[Arondisemen kotamadya]] minangka satunggalipun unit administratif wonten ing sangandhapipun komune ing Républik Prancis, nanging namung katetetapaken kanggé tigang komune mau. Arondisemen kotamadya punika boten nyinggung [[arondisemen Prancis|arondisemen]] ingkang minangka subdivisi saking ''[[département]]'' Prancis. Komune Prancis gadhah "kapribadén" ukum wiwit taun [[1837]]: dipunanggep [[badan yuridis|badan ukum]], lan gadhah kapasitas ukum. Arondisemen kotamadya boten gadhah kapribadén ukum, lan tanpa pameroléhan pribadi. Hukum lan obligasi komune dipunatur déning ''Code général de collectivités territoriales (CGCT)'' ingkang nggantosaken ''Code des communes''<ref name="internet29">http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070162</ref> (kejawi kanggé prakawis pribadi) kanthi pangesahan ukum tanggal [[21]] [[Fèbruari]] [[1996]] kanggé législasi lan kaputusan nomer 2000-318 tanggal [[7]] [[April]] [[2000]] kanggé régulasi.<ref name="internet30">{{Cite web |url=http://www.droit.org/code/index-CGCTERRL.html |title=Legislation |access-date=2013-04-16 |archive-date=2005-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050103093724/http://www.droit.org/code/index-CGCTERRL.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="internet31">{{Cite web |url=http://www.droit.org/code/index-CGCTERRM.html |title=Decree |access-date=2013-04-16 |archive-date=2005-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050112200608/http://www.droit.org/code/index-CGCTERRM.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [1] (http://www.droit.org/code/index-CGCTERRL.html) Legislasi * [2] (http://www.droit.org/code/index-CGCTERRM.html) Dudutan == Sajarah Komune Prancis == [[Gambar:060905 Overlooking Old Town and Harbour.JPG|thumb|[[La Rochelle]]]] [[Gambar:Antibesbordmer.JPG|thumb|[[Antibes]]]] Komune Prancis wiwit dumadi rikala wiwitanipun [[Revolusi Prancis]] taun [[1789]]-[[1790]].<ref name="internet32">http://www.marxists.org/indonesia/archive/trotsky/1921-PelajaranKomune.htm</ref> === Karajan Prancis === [[Gambar:Cannes France.jpg|thumb|left|[[Cannes]]]] [[Gambar:Duchesse Anne du Ciel.jpg|thumb|[[Dunkerque]]]] Sadèrèngipun Revolusi Prancis, dèrèng wonten pambentukan komune ingkang sami kaliyan komune wonten ing jaman sapunika. Tingkatan paling andhap saking pamérangan administratif inggih punika [[paroki]] (''paroisse''), saha wonten sakitar 60.000 paroki wonten ing [[Krajan]] [[Prancis]]. Sawijining paroki namung awujud sawijining gréja, papan dunung wonten ing sakitaripun (kaloka kanthi nama désa), lan lahan tetanèn wonten ing sakitaring désa. Kedah dipunémut bilih [[Prancis]] minangka nagara ingkang cacah pendudukipun ingkang kathah piyambak wonten ing wewengkon [[Éropa]] dumugi ing abad kaping 19, [[Ruslan]] kanthi 25 yuta penduduk sadèrèngipun [[Revolusi Industri]]<ref name="internet114"/>, ([[Inggris]] namung udakawis 6 yuta penduduk sadèrèngipun Revolusi Industri)-punika dipunsebabaken amargi cacahing paroki ingkang kathah sanget wonten ing Karajan Prancis. Raja Prancis asring maringi gelar tumrap panguwasa paroki kanthi sebutan "kakuwasan saking 100.000 menara gréja". Nanging paroki punika namung sakedhik anggénipun gadhah struktur kotamadya komune sadèrèngipun Revolusi. Limrahipun namung wonten ''komite pambangunan'' (''conseil du fabrique'' ing pundi 'fabrique' gegayutan kaliyan tembung 'fabricate' mbiyangun wonten ing [[basa Inggris]]), kasusun saking penduduk désa, ingkang nindakaken pambangunan gréja paroki, plataran gréja, lan manéka papan dunung saha properti gréja-lan kadang kala nyamektakaken pambiyantu tumrap fakir miskin, utawi ngemunah griya sakit utawi sekolah paroki. Pendeta ingkang nyambut damel wonten ing paroki punika ugi perlu nyathet pembaptisan, palakrama, lan bab pepatèn, wiwit [[Peraturan Villers-Cotterêts]]<ref name="internet33">http://www.mairie-villerscotterets.fr/</ref> taun [[1539]] déning [[François I saking Prancis|François I]]. Kajawi kanggé tugas mau, désa dipuntilaraken kanggé ngurusi prakawis sanès manawi dipunkeparengaken. Ingkang limrah, penduduk désa sami kempal kanggé ngrembag prakawis ingkang wigati ingkang gegayutan kaliyan wewengkon punika, kados ta panganggoan lahan tetanèn, nanging dèrèng madeg badan kotamadya ingkang permanèn. Wonten ing kathah papan, tuan tanah lokal (''seigneur'')<ref name="internet115">http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/seigneur</ref><ref name="internet116">http://www.thefreedictionary.com/seigneur</ref> wonten ing papan dunungipun taksih dipuntindakaken campurtangan tumrap prakawis wonten ing désa, mendhet pajeg saking penduduk désa lan meksa penduduk nyambut damel dados [[corvée]], taksih nemtokaken lahan tetanèn pundi ingkang badhé dipun-ginakaken lan kapan, sarta cacahing kasil panèn ingkang kedah dipunparingaken dhateng piyambakipun. Wonten ing sisih ingkang sanès, sampun dipunbentuk kutha prajanjèn ingkang sampun dipunsarujuki sadanguning Éra Pertengahan, saking ratu piyambak, utawi bangsawan lokal (kados déné kutha [[Toulouse]] ingkang dipunsarujuki déning bangsawan Toulouse). Kutha-kutha mau dipundhirikaken saking sapèrangan paroki (dumugi atusan paroki kanggé kutha [[Paris]]<ref name="internet34">http://saridarnita.wordpress.com/2013/01/26/sejarah-kota-paris/</ref>), lan dipunklilingi déning ''témbok pertahanan''. Kutha-kutha punika sampun kabébasaken saking kakuwasanipun tuan tanah rikala abad kaping 12 lan kaping 13, ingkang sampun gadhah badan kotamadya ingkang ngatur kutha, lan kamiripan kaliyan komune ingkang sampun kabangun sadanguning Revolusi Peranis kejawi kanggé kalih titik wigati: 1-badan kotamadya punika boten démokratis, ingkang limrah dipuntangani déning kulawarga bourgeois ingkang sugih, ingkang kasugihanipun ngundhang kathah prakawis, saèngga kulwarga punika dipuncap minangka ''golongan ingkang gadhah kuwasa'' tinimbang dhémokrasi kotamadya; 2-boten wonten status seragam kanggé kutha prajanjèn punika, ingkang gadhah status piyambak-piyambak lan organisasi tartamtu. Wonten ing sisih lèr Prancis, kutha dipunatur déning ''échevin'' (saking [[basa Jerman]] kuna ingkang ateges hakim), déné kutha-kutha ingkang wonten ing kidul Prancis dipunatur déning ''consul''<ref name="internet35">http://www.thefreedictionary.com/consul</ref> (sami kaliyan mangsa Romawi), nanging [[Bordeaux]]<ref name="internet37"/> dipunpimpin déning ''[[jurat]]''<ref name="internet36">http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/jurat</ref> (kanthi ètimologi ateges "priyantun kakung ingkang dipunsumpah") lan [[Toulouse]]<ref name="internet100">{{Cite web |url=http://www.toulouse-visit.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-23 |archive-date=2013-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413044644/http://www.toulouse-visit.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> déning ''capitouls'' ("priyantun kakung pengawal"). Limrahipun, boten wonten wali kutha nalika mangsa modhèren; sadaya ''échevin'' utawi ''consul''<ref name="internet117">http://www.linternaute.com/dictionnaire/fr/definition/echevin/</ref> wonten ing tingkat ingkang sami, lan medalaken kaputusan kanthi kolegial; nanging kanggé prakawis ingkang sanès namung wonten satunggaling ''échevin''<ref name="internet117"/> utawi ''consul'' ing ngandhapipun ingkang sanès, dados sajinis wali kutha, éwadéné boten kanthi kakuwasan èksekutif ingkang sami kados déné wali kutha modhèren. "Walikota" punika dipunsebut: [[wali kutha (sipil)|wali kutha para saudagar]] (''prévôt des marchands'')<ref name="internet118">http://www.linternaute.com/dictionnaire/fr/definition/prevot-des-marchands/</ref> wonten ing [[Paris]]<ref name="internet26"/> lan [[Lyon]]<ref name="internet28"/>; ''maire'' ing [[Marseille]]<ref name="internet27"/>, Bordeux<ref name="internet37">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bordeaux.com/uk |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-20 |archive-date=2013-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425083840/http://www.bordeaux.com/uk |url-status=dead }}</ref>, [[Rouen]]<ref name="internet38">http://www.rouen.fr/</ref>, [[Orléans]]<ref name="internet39">http://www.orleans.fr/accueil.htm</ref>, [[Bayonne]]<ref name="internet40">http://www.bayonnenj.org/</ref> lan sapèrangan kutha sanèsipun; ''mayeur'' wonten ing [[Lille]]; ''premier capitoul'' ing Toulouse; ''viguier'' ing [[Montpellier]]<ref name="internet41">http://www.montpellier.fr/</ref>; ''premier consul'' wonten ing sapèrangn kutha ing sisih kidul Prancis; ''prêteur royal''<ref name="internet119">http://www.chapters.indigo.ca/books/M%C3%A9moire-Klinglin-Pr%C3%A9teur-Royal-Ville-Fran%C3%A7ois-christophe-honor%C3%A9-D-Klinglin-Giroud/9781272774417-item.html{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ing [[Strasbourg]]<ref name="internet42">http://www.strasbourg.com/</ref>; ''maître échevin'' ing [[Metz]]<ref name="internet43">http://www.metz.de/en/</ref>; ''maire royal'' ing [[Nancy]]<ref name="internet44">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nancy-tourisme.fr/nancy-tourism/discover/history-and-heritage/unesco/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-20 |archive-date=2013-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423132757/http://www.nancy-tourisme.fr/nancy-tourism/discover/history-and-heritage/unesco/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>; utawi ''prévôt'' ing [[Valenciennes]]<ref name="internet45">{{Cite web |url=http://www.valenciennes.fr/fr/accueil.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-20 |archive-date=2013-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425223215/http://www.valenciennes.fr/fr/accueil.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. === Revolusi Prancis === Tanggal [[14]] [[Juli]] [[1789]]<ref name="internet46">http://perancis09upi.wordpress.com/2010/01/03/sejarah-terjadinya-revolusi-perancis-ratu-ayu-christine-p-1a-0902419/</ref>, rikala wekdal sampun sonten, sasampunipun panyerangan kunjara [[Bastille]]<ref name="internet107">{{Cite web |url=http://www.anneahira.com/sejarah-perancis.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-23 |archive-date=2013-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608055430/http://www.anneahira.com/sejarah-perancis.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="internet107"/>, wali kutha para pedagang Paris, [[Jacques de Flesselles]]<ref name="internet70">http://www.linternaute.com/ville/ville/lycee/25152/detail/lycee_professionnel_jacques_de_flesselles.shtml</ref>, dipuntembak rikala kaanan ramé wonten ing anak tangga Balai Kota Paris. Éwadéné wonten ing Éra Pertengahan wali kutha pedagang nandhani kamardikaning [[Paris]] lan miwiti pamberontaken tumrap Raja [[Charles V saking Prancis|Charles V]]<ref name="internet101">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/106985/Charles-V</ref>, kantoripun ingkang sampun dipuntutup déning ratu, lajeng dipunbikak malih nanging wonten panjagan ingkang ketat saking [[ratu]], saèngga para pamberontak sampun mungkasi pamanggih publik minangka perwakilan lokal [[ratu]] ingkang sanès, lan minangka parwujudan kotamadya mardika.<ref name="internet101"/> Sasampunipun prastawa punika, sawijining "komune" ing [[Paris]] langsung dipundhirikaken kanggé nggantosaken kutha prajanjèn [[Paris]] ingkang dangu rumiyin, lan panjaga kotamadya dipunbentuk kanggé njagi [[Paris]] saking sadaya usaha Raja [[Louis XVI saka Prancis|Louis XVI]]<ref name="internet47">http://windiloviyo.blogspot.com/2011/03/revolusi-perancis.html</ref> kanggé mungkasi révolusi ingkang saweg kadadosan.<ref name="internet48">http://mustaqimzone.wordpress.com/2012/06/27/revolusi-perancis/</ref> Sapérangan kutha ingkang sanès wonten ing [[Prancis]] nindakaken cara ingkang sami, lan komune madeg wonten ing pundi-pundi, kanthi panjaga kotamadya piyambak-piyambak. Tanggal [[14]] [[Dhésèmber]] [[1789]], [[Majelis Konstituen Nasional|Majelis Nasional]] (''Assemblée Nationale'')<ref name="internet85">http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/</ref> ngesahaken ukum pambentukan komune, minangka tingkat paling andhap wonten ing pamérangan administratif [[Prancis]], ingkang nguwaosi komune independen punika, nanging ugi minangka komune-nipun piyambak.<ref name="internet85"/> Wonten ing laladan ingkang sanès, tugas Majelis Nasional inggih punika, micanten saperlunipun, kanthi révolusionèr: boten ngrujuk dhateng éwah-éwahaning sadaya kutha prajanjèn dados komune, Majelis Nasional ugi mutuskan ngéwahi sadaya paroki désa dados komune kanthi status jangkep.<ref name="internet85"/> Para Revolusioner kainspirasi déning pamanggihipun [[Rene Descartes|Descartes]] ugi filosofi [[Masa Pencerahan|Pancerahan]] (''les Lumières'')<ref name="internet86">http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/si%C3%A8cle_des_Lumi%C3%A8res/130660</ref>. Para Revolusioner kapèngin nglajengaken cara mangsa rumiyin lan minangka masarakat ingkang makmur, ing pundi sadayanipun sami lan tetep miturut alesan, tinimbang tradisi utawi konservasi.<ref name="internet85"/> Para Revolusioner lajeng netepaken pamérangan administratif ingkang seragam kanggé sadaya nagara: sadaya wewengkon Prancis badhé dipunpérang dados ''[[départements]]'', lajeng [[arondisemen Prancis|arondisemen]], [[kanton ing Prancis|kanton]], lan komune, tanpa pangecualian.<ref name="internet103">http://carapedia.com/sistem_pemerintahan_nagara_perancis_info219.html</ref> Sedaya komune gadhah status ingkang sami, gadhah satunggaling wali kutha (''maire'')<ref name="internet87">http://www.paris.fr/</ref> minangka pamimpin, lan déwan kotamadya (''conseil municipal'')<ref name="internet90"/> ingkang dipunpilih penduduk komune. Punika minangka révolusi nyata kanggé puluhan èwu désa ingkang boten naté ngraosaken pagesangan kotamadya ingkang teratur sadèrèngipun. Sawijining griya komunal (''[[Hôtel de Ville|mairie]]'')<ref name="internet88">http://www.mairie4.paris.fr/mairie04/jsp/site/Portal.jsp</ref> dipunyasa wonten ing saben désa, ing pundi dipunadani pepanggihan déwan kotamadya ugi administrasi komune. Sapérangan Majelis Nasional nentang pamérangan Prancis dados puluhan èwu komune, nanging [[Honoré Mirabeau|Mirabeau]]<ref name="internet89">http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Mirabeau</ref> lan pamanggihipun ngèngini satunggal komune kanggé saben paroki sampun lumampah. Tanggal [[20]] [[September]] [[1792]], pancathetan lair, palakrama, lan pati ugi dipunbisak saking pandhita paroki lan dados tanggel jawab wali kutha. Palakrama sipil dipuntetepaken lan dipuntindakaken wonten ing ''mairie''<ref name="internet87"/> kanthi upacara ingkang béda saking cara gréja tradhisional, kanthi wali kutha nggantosaken pandhita, lan nama ukum nggantosaken nama Gusti ("''Au nom de la loi, je vous déclare unis par les liens du marriage.''" – "Kanthi nama ukum, kula netepaken kekalih punika nyawiji kanthi palakrama punika."). Pendeta dipunpaksa mandhegaken pembaptisan, palakrama, lan buku bab pati ingkang kala rumiyin, ingkang dipunsimpen wonten ing ''mairie''. Éwah-éwahan ndadak punika ngasoraken sanget umat Katulik, lan Prancis badhé mlebet mangsa [[perang sipil]],<ref name="internet104">http://lib.ugm.ac.id/exec.php?app=simpus&act=search&lokasi=12&kriteria=subyek&kunci=Perang+Sipil+-+Perancis{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> kaliyan region ingkang gadhah keagamaan ingkang kiyat ing sisih kilèn [[Prancis]] minangka pusatipun. Bab punika badhé ndhèrèkaken [[Napoleon I]]<ref name="internet102">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/402943/Napoleon-I</ref> kanggé damel prajanjèn damai wonten ing [[Prancis]], nyeimbangaken sistem adminsitratif énggal, lan ndadosaken bab punika dipuntampi déning sadaya rakyat. Napoleon ugi mbisak pamilihan déwan kotamadya, ingkang sapunika dipunpilih déning [[prefek]], perwakilan lokal pamarèntah punjer.<ref name="internet102"/> ===Éwah-éwahan sasampunipun Repolusi Prancis === [[Gambar:Levallois 246.JPG|thumb|[[Levallois-Perret]]]] [[Gambar:Val de Seine.jpg|thumb|[[Issy-les-Moulineaux]]]] [[Gambar:Centre culturel Louis de Broglie 20090202.jpg|thumb|[[Neuilly-sur-Seine]]]] Ing wekdal punika, wonten ing pamanggihipun tiyang mrika, komune [[Prancis]] taksih sami kaliyan ingkang dipundhirikaken ing purwakaning révolusi Prancis. Éwah-éwahan ingkang paling ageng kadadosan ing taun [[1831]], nalike Parlemèn Prancis<ref name="internet105">http://www.parlement.fr {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401030302/http://www.parlement.fr/ |date=2021-04-01 }} Official site of the Parlement français</ref><ref name="internet106">http://www.parlements.org Site of the CHPP (Comité d'histoire parlementaire et politique) and of ''Parlement(s), Revue d'histoire politique''</ref> damel ulang aturan pokok pamiliyan déwan kotamadya, lan ing taun [[1837]] nalika komune [[Prancis]] dipunpringi kapribadèn kukum ingkang sapunika dipunanggep [[badan kukum]] kanthi kapasitas kukum. Pendukung [[Jacobin (pulitik)|Jacobin]] ajrih tumrap kekiyatan lokal indepènden, ingkang dipuntingali minangka konservatif lan nantang révolusi, lan ngagungaken pamarèntah punjer ingkang langkung kumawasa. Nalika para révolusionér minangka komune, dèrèng kaparingan "kapribadèn" ukum (tuladhanipun ''[[département]]''), kanthi pamarèntah punjer ingkang gadhah "kapribadèn" ukum. Taun [[1837]] kaanan punika dipunbiwarakaken boten praktis, amargi wali kutha lan déwan kotamadya boten saged kerjasama wonten ing pangadilan. Akibat saking wéah-éwahan punika, puluhan éwu désa ingkang dèrèng naté gadhah "kapribadèn" ukum (sebrangan kaliyan kutha prajanjèn) dumadakan dados badan ukum ingkang angka pisanan sadanguning sajarahipun. Punika taksih dados prakawis dumugi sapunika. Sadanguning [[Révolusi Prancis]] sakitar 41.000 komune dipunbentuk<ref name="internet49">{{Cite web |url=http://big.chez.com/lpcornu/servstats01.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-16 |archive-date=2004-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040901002739/http://big.chez.com/lpcornu/servstats01.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>, wonten ing sawijining téritori ingkang ngrujuk dhateng wates nagara nagara Prancis sapunika (cacah 41.000 mau nglingkupi komune wonten ing departemén [[Savoie (departemen)|Savoie]]<ref name="internet110">http://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g499089-Savoie_Rhone_Alpes-Vacations.html</ref>, [[Haute-Savoie]]<ref name="internet111">http://www.haute-savoie-tourisme.org/</ref> lan [[Alpes-Maritimes]]<ref name="internet112">{{Cite web |url=http://www.alpes-maritimes.pref.gouv.fr/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-24 |archive-date=2018-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911165131/http://www.alpes-maritimes.pref.gouv.fr/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="internet113">http://www.provenceweb.fr/e/alpmarit.htm</ref> ingkang dipunanèksasi taun [[1975]], nanging boten kalebet departemén wonten ing [[Bèlgi]] lan [[Jerman]] ing kilèn [[Rhein]], ingkang naté dados péranganing [[Prancis]] antawis taun [[1795]] lan [[1815]]). Kirang saking 60.000 paroki ingkang madeg sadèrèngipun révolusi (wonten ing kutha, paroki kagabungaken dados komune tunggal; ing padésan, sapérangan paroki alit kagabungaken kaliyan ingkang ageng), nanging 41.000 taksih minangka angka ingkang ageng sanget, tanpa perbandingan ing donya nalika punika, kejawi wonten ing kamaharajan [[Tiongkok]] (ing mrika, namung tingkat [[kabupatèn]] lan ing nggilipun ingkang gadhah administrasi permanen). Wiwit punika, éwah-éwahan ageng sampun ngéwahi [[Prancis]], ugi sadaya wewengkon ing Éropa: [[Revolusi Industri]]<ref name="internet114">{{Cite web |url=http://www.anneahira.com/sejarah-revolusi-industri.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-24 |archive-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505041536/http://www.anneahira.com/sejarah-revolusi-industri.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>, 2 [[perang donya]], lan ''perpindahan pedalaman'', sadayanipun ingkang ngosongaken padésan lan samsaya miyaraken wewengkon kutha. Pamérangan administratif [[Prancis]], taksih kaku lan boten éwah. Dinten punika sakitar 90% komune lan departemèn dipunbentuk sami kaliyan nalika kadadosan Revolusi Prancis langkung saking 200 taun kapungkur, kanthi wates ingkang sami. Akibatipun, komune padésan ingkang boten kaétang lan gadhah atusan penduduk rikala [[Revolusi Prancis]] sapunika namung gadhah satunggal atus penduduk utawi kirang. Ing sisih sanès, kutha sampun ngrembaka kanthi rikat déné wewengkon ingkang nindakaken [[urbanisasi]] samsaya wiyar langkung saking wates komune ingkang dumadi rikala révolusi. Tuladhanipun inggih punika [[Paris]], ing pundi wewengkon urbanisasi dumugi angka 296 komune. [[Paris]] minangka salah satunggal saking sapérangan komune [[Prancis]] ing pundi watesanipun dipunwiyaraken kanggé wewengkon urbanisasi. Komune [[Paris]] ingkang énggal lan langking ageng dipunmadegaken ing sangandhapipun parèntah Kaisar [[Napoléon III]]<ref name="internet108">http://www.biography.com/people/napoleon-iii-9420342</ref><ref name="internet109">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/403129/Napoleon-III</ref> taun [[1859]], nanging sasampunipun [[1859]] wates [[Paris]] boten éwah. Boten kados nagara Éropa ingkang sanès, ingkang nggabungaken komune-nipun kanggé ngirangi kepadatan populasi sapunika (kados ta [[Jerman]] lan [[Italia]] sakitar taun [[1970]]), kanthi drastis ngirangi cacahing komune wonten ing prosésipun-''[[Praja ing Jerman|Gemeinden]]''<ref name=German_Gemeinden /> ing [[Jerman Barat]] kirang saking angka 24.400 dados 8.400 kanthi wekdal sapérangan taun-[[Prancis]] nindakaken wonten ing pertengahan, lan kathah-kathahipun, sadanguning abad kaping 19. Saking cacah 41.000 komune rikala Revolusi Prancis, cacahipun kirang dados 37.963 taun [[1921]], lan 36.568 taun [[2004]] (ing Prancis Metropolitan). [[Prancis]] dados nagara kanthi cacahing komune ingkang kathah piyambak ing Éropa. Kanggé tuladha, [[Jerman]] ingkang nyawiji pendudukipun namung sepertiga langkung kathah saking [[Prancis]]) namung gadhah 12.291 komune (''Gemeinden'', tanggal [[30]] [[September]] [[2007]], sampun kirang, saking 46.300 komune taun [[1900]] dumugi nyawijinipun [[Jerman]] taun [[1990]]),<ref name=German_Gemeinden /> lan [[Italia]] (cacah pendudukipun nyelaki [[Prancis]]) kanthi 8.101 komune (''[[comune|comuni]]'', miturut sénsus Italia [[2001]]). Wonten ing Éropa, namung [[Switserlan]] ingkang gadhah kepadatan [[kotamadya ing Switserlan|komune]] kados Prancis, lan ugi wonten pergerakan penggabungan ageng ingkang dipunwiwiti sedasa taun pungkasan. Kanggé seserepan ingkang langkung kathah ngèngingi bab cacahing komune wonten ing [[Prancis]], wonten kalih perbandingan: 1-[[Uni Éropa]] (15 anggota, sadèrèngipun [[Mèi]] [[2004]]) kasusun saking 75.000 komune, lan Prancis Metropolitan piyambak kanthi 35.568 komune, ingkang ateges 47.5% komune ing Uni Éropa wonten ing Prancis Metropolitan (16% penduduk Uni Éropa saking 15 anggota dumunung wonten ing Prancis). 2-[[Amérikah Sarékat]], kanthi tèritori kaping 14 langkung ageng saking Républik Prancis, lan kaping gangsal langkung kathah pendudukipun, gadhah 35.937 [[pemerintah kotamadya|kotamadya]] kagabung lan [[kotapraja sipil|kotapraja]] miturut Sensus Pamarèntah [[2002]], langkung sakedhik saking 36.782 komune kagunganipun Républik Prancis. === Padudon === [[Gambar:Troyes 2008 PD.JPG|thumb|[[Troyes]]]] [[Gambar:Flers_eglise_St-Pierre.JPG|thumb|[[Villeneuve-d'Ascq]]]] [[Gambar:Lorient.jpg|thumb|[[Lorient]]]] Dangunipun langkung saking 30 taun, wonten rantaman wonten ing Prancis kanggé panggabungan komune kanthi skala ageng, kalebet swanten kinurmatan saking présidhèn ''[[Cour des Comptes]]'' (badan audit administratif punjer wonten ing Prancis).<ref name="internet120">http://www.courdescomptes.nat.tn/</ref><ref name="internet121">{{Cite web |url=http://eca.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eca_main_pages/home |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-24 |archive-date=2009-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222231135/http://eca.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eca_main_pages/home |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="internet122">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ccomptes.fr/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-24 |archive-date=2012-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528084750/http://www.ccomptes.fr/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Satebih punika, konservatisme lokal samsaya kiyat, lan tanpa proposal panggabungan wajib ingkang kasil wiwit komite wonten ing Parlemèn Prancis. Taun [[1971]] [[ukum Marcellin]] maringi panjurung lan dana saking pamarèntah kanggé narik komune saperlu kagabung kanthi bébas satunggallan sanèsipun, nanging ukum mau gagal sadaya (namung sakitar 1.300 komune ingkang sarujuk mbisak wewengkonipun klan nyawiji kaliyan komune ingkang sanès). Saèngga, pamanggih panggabungan ngendika bilih [[kutha|kutha-kutha]] Prancis gadhah wiyar ingkang sempit manawi kabandhingaken kaliyan nagara Éropa ingkang sanès, amargi wates wewengkonipun katetepaken 200 taun kapungkur. Tuladhanipun, kutha [[Lyon]] minangka sawijining komune alit kanthi géografis kanthi penduduk 465.300 jiwa ingkang dumunung wonten ing wates administratif, mapan wonten ing parèngkat ing ngandhapipun kutha-kutha Éropa ingkang sanès, ing pundi kasunyatanipun [[aire urbaine|wewengkon metropolitan]] [[Lyon]] gadhah 1.7 yuta jiwa lan minangka salah satunggaling metropolis paling ageng wonten ing Éropa, sami kaliyan wewengkon metropolitan kados [[Munich]]. Cacahing penduduk lan èkonomi wewengkon metropolitan Munich sami kaliyan [[Lyon]], nanging cacahing penduduk kutha (''Gemeinde'') [[Munich]] sakitar 1.320.000 jiwa, mèh kaping tiga langkung kathah saking komune [[Lyon]], mbetahaken téritori kotamadya [[Munich]] ingkang langkung ageng (310&nbsp;km²/120 mil pasagi), kaping 6.5 langkung ageng saking téritori kotamadya [[Lyon]] (48&nbsp;km²/18.5 mil pasagi). Walikota wonten ing [[Prancis]] asring sambat bilih kawontenanipun boten dipunakoni nalika sami tindakaken wonten ing njawi rangkah [[Prancis]], amargi kasunyatan bilih para walikota namung jumeneng madeg wonten ing téritori alit wonten ing tengah wewengkon métropolitan ingkang wiyar. Tuladha saé kanggé prakawis punika inggih punika [[Paris]]: éwadéné wewengkon métropolitan [[Paris]] minangka salah satunggaling ingkang kathah piyambak pendudukipun wonten ing donya, kanthi 10 yuta jiwa, cacah penduduk wonten ing kutha Paris piyambak inggih punika 2.145.000 jiwa, kirang saking cacahing penduduk kutha [[Roma]] (2.550.000 jiwa), ingkang wewengkon métropolitanipun gadhah 3.5 yuta penduduk langkung kathah saking wewengkon métropolitan [[Paris]]. Wonten ing sisih ingkang sanès, wonten sapérangan komune padésan ingkang ''èksodus padésan''ipun sampun nilaraken sapérangan tiyang, lan gadhah prakawis anggénipun ngemunah layanan umum kados ta nglampahaken irigasi, prakawis sampah, utawi margi komune ingkang dèrèng dipunaspal.<ref name="internet120"/> Panggabungan, boten gampil kanggé dipunrengkuh.<ref name="internet120"/> Perkawis kapisan inggih punika, bilih manawi komune ngirangi cacahing kalungguhan ingkang kapilih ingkang kasamekta, lan boten kondhang kanthi pulitikus lokal. Perkawis ingkang langkung wigati inggih punika manawi warga nagara saking satunggal désa boten badhé ngarepaken layanan lokal ing mrika ingkang kalampahaken déning satunggaling badan èksekutif wonten ing désa ingkang sanèsipun, ingkang mbok manawi boten perduli bab kabetahan lokal.<ref name="internet120"/> Èkspresi "antarkomune" (''intercommunalité'')<ref name="internet123">http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/default.asp?page=zonages/intercommunalite.htm</ref><ref name="internet124">{{Cite web |url=http://www.adcf.org/5-339-Intercommunalites-le-mensuel.php |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-24 |archive-date=2013-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516131022/http://www.adcf.org/5-339-Intercommunalites-le-mensuel.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> ateges sapérangan pambentukan kerjasama antar komune. Kerjasama kados punika ingkang kapisanan dipunlaksanakaken wonten ing pungkasaning abad kaping 19 wonten ing ukum tanggal [[22]] [[Maret]] [[1890]] ingkang dipunsahaken kanggé pambentukan asosiasi antarkomune tunggal. Ingkang damel UU [[Prancis]] sampun kuwatos wiwit dangu tumrap kekirangan struktur komune ingkang dipunwarisaken saking [[Revolusi Prancis]] kanggé njumbuhaken kaliyan cacahing komune, [[ukum Chevènement]] tanggal [[12]] [[Juli]] [[1999]] inggih punika pangkuran paling énggal lan majeng ingkang katujokaken wonten ing panyampurnan èkspresi punika. Wonten ing taun-taun pungkasan punika sampun samsaya mundhak komune kanggé kagabung wonten ing [[konsorsium]] antarkomune kanggé ancas kacukupanipun layanan kados ta pamungutan sampah lan suplai toya.<ref name="internet120"/> Komune pinggiran asring bekerjasama kaliyan kutha wonten ing wewengkon urbanipun kanggé minangka laladan ingkang dipunjangkepi kanthi angkudan umum utawi ngemunah pamungutan pajeg lokal.<ref name="internet120"/> === Antarkomune === [[Gambar:Stadhuis Saint Quentin.JPG|thumb|[[Saint-Quentin]]]] [[Gambar:Fort balaguier.jpg|thumb|[[La Seyne-sur-Mer]]]] [[Gambar:Ivry-sur-Seine town hall under snow 2005-02-23.jpeg|thumb|[[Ivry-sur-Seine]]]] [[Gambar:Beauvais fontaine (angle rue Carnot et rue des Jacobins) 1.jpg|thumb|[[Beauvais]]]] [[Gambar:Hyeres at night p1140907.jpg|thumb|[[Hyères]]]] [[Gambar:Cholet - Place Travot.JPG|thumb|[[Cholet]]]] Èkspresi "antarkomune" (''intercommunalité'')<ref name="internet123"/> ateges sapérangan pambentukan kerjasama antar komune. Kerjasama kados punika ingkagn kapisanan dipunlaksanakaken wonten ing pungkasaning abad kaping 19 wonten ing ukum tanggal [[22]] [[Maret]] [[1890]] ingkang dipunsahaken kanggé pambentukan asosiasi antarkomune tunggal. Ingkang damel UU [[Prancis]] sampun kuwatos wiwit dangu tumrap kekirangan struktur komune ingkang dipunwarisaken saking [[Revolusi Prancis]] kanggé njumbuhaken kaliyan cacahing komune, [[ukum Chevènement]] tanggal [[12]] [[Juli]] [[1999]] inggih punika pangkuran paling énggal lan majeng ingkang katujokaken wonten ing panyampurnan èkspresi punika. Wonten ing taun-taun pungkasan punika sampun mundhak cacahing komune kanggé kagabung wonten ing ''konsorsium'' antarkomune kanggé njangkepi layanan kados ta pamungutan sampah lan suplai toya. Komune pinggiran asring kerjasama kaliyan kutha wonten ing wewengkon urbanipun kanggé minangka laladan ingkang dipunjangkepi kanthi angkudan umum utawi ngemunah pamungutan pajeg lokal.<ref name="internet120"/> Hukum Chevènement mungkasi sadaya praktik punika, mbisak sapérangan struktur lan damel ingkang énggal. Kanthi tambahan, ukum punika maringi kauangan pamarèntah punjer ingkang katujokaken kanggé narik komune supados kagabung wonten ing struktur antarkomune. Boten kados katetepan taun [[1966]] ingkang kasil sepalihipun lan ingkang ngeparengaken komune urban minangka wewengkon urban, utawi kalepatan [[ukum Marcellin]] taun 1971, ukum Chevènement dumugi ing kasuksèsan ageng, saèngga kathah-kathahipun komune [[Prancis]] kagayut wonten ing struktur antarkomune. Wonten kalih jinis struktur antarkomune: * Tanpa kekiyatan fiskal. Punika minangka wujud antarkomune gagal. Kategori punika ngambah sindikat komune tradhisional. Komune kagabung lan nyumbang kanthi kauangan dhateng perkumpulan, nanging sindikat boten saged medalaken pajakipun piyambak. Komune saged medal saking sindikat wonten ing sawayah-wayah. Sindikat saged madeg kanggé kapreluan tartamtu utawi mungkasan sapérangan prakawis. Struktur tanpa kekiyatan fiskal punika sampun dipuntilaraken boten kasènggol déning ukum Chevènement, lan struktur punika samsaya boten kondhang. * Struktur kanthi kekiyatan fiskal. Punika kènging punapa ingkang dipunandharaken ukum Chevènement. Hukum ngregani tigang struktur kanthi kekiyatan fiskal: Perkumpulan Komune (''[[commonauté de communes]]'')<ref name=DGCl_source>{{fr icon}} {{cite web| url=http://www.dgcl.interieur.gouv.fr/donneeschiffrees/interco/stat2007/repart_EPCI_FP_departement.pdf| title=Répartition des EPCI à fiscalité propre par département au 01/01/2007| first=Ministry of the Interior| last=Direction générale des collectivités locales (DGCL)| format=PDF| accessdate=2013-04-24| authorlink=Minister of the Interior (France)| archive-date=2008-06-26| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626204744/http://www.dgcl.interieur.gouv.fr/donneeschiffrees/interco/stat2007/repart_EPCI_FP_departement.pdf| url-status=dead}}</ref>, katujokaken dhateng komune padésan; Perkumpulan Aglomerasi (''[[commonauté d'agglomération]]'')<ref name="internet125">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cergypontoise.fr/jcms/en_23126/en/navigation-principale |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-24 |archive-date=2013-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527162108/http://www.cergypontoise.fr/jcms/en_23126/en/navigation-principale |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="internet126">http://www.dracenie.com/</ref>, katujokaken dhateng kutha alit lan kutha menangah wonten ing pinggiranipun; lan Perkumpulan Urban (''[[commonauté urbaine]]'')<ref name="internet127">{{Cite web |url=http://www.communaute-urbaine-alencon.fr/index.asp |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-24 |archive-date=2013-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223045420/http://www.communaute-urbaine-alencon.fr/index.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>, katujokaken dhateng kutha ageng lan pinggiranipun. [[Gambar:Nancy2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Nancy]]]] Tigang struktur punika dipunparingi tingkat kekiyatan fiskal ingkang béda, kanthi Perkumpulan Aglomerasi lan Perkumpulan Urban ingkang gadhah kekiyatan fiskal langkung ageng, maringi pajeg lokal tumrap parusahan (''taxe professionnelle'') kanthi namanipun saking nama komune, lan kanthi tingkay perpajakan ingkang sami wonten ing sadaya komune ing perkumpulan mau, kados pamungutan sampah utawi angkudan, kados sindikat ingkang dangu, nanging ukum ugi damel punika minangka kuwajiban kanggé perkumpulan kanggé ngemunah sèktor ingkang sanès kados ta rantaman èkonomi lan pambangunan, proyèk perumahan, utawi pelestarian lingkungan. Perkumpulan Komune dipunsuwun ngemunah sajumlah wewengkon, kanthi maring kabébasan dhateng komune supados langkung otonomi, déné Perkumpulan Urban nangani kathah bab, mbébasaken komune ing lebetipun kirang kakuwasan otonomi. [[Gambar:Normandie Seine Rouen2 tango7174.jpg|thumb|left|[[Rouen]]]] Wonten ing pambentukan perkumpulan, pamarèntah ngalokasikaken dana dhateng perkumpulan miturut cacahing penduduk, maringi surungan dhateng komune kanggé kerjasama lan minangka perkumpulan. Perkumpulan Komune dipunparingi sakedhik dana saben tiyang, déné Perkumpulan Urban dipunparingi kathah dana saben tiyang, lan ngguggah komune saperlu damel perkumpulan manawi gadhah kekiyatan ingkang kirang, para komune sampun nolak nindakaken manawi boten pikantuk dana ingkang asalipun saking pamarèntah.<ref name="internet127"/> Hukum Chevènement sampun suksés ageng ingkang dipuntandhani kanthi kathahipun komune Prancis ingkang sapunika sampun kagabung kaliyan struktur antarkomune énggal: boten asring wonten ing sawijining nagara konservatif kados ta [[Prancis]]. Tanggal [[1]] [[Januari]] [[2007]], wonten 2.573 pakempalan kados punika wonten ing [[Prancis Metropolitan]] (kalebet 5 [[syndicats d'agglomération nouvelle]], sawijining kategori ingkang saweg dipunéwahi), kasusun saking 33.327 komune (91.1% saking sadaya komune Prancis Metropolitan), lan 52.86 yuta jiwa, 86.7% cacahing penduduk Prancis Metropolitan.<ref name="internet50">{{fr icon}} {{cite web| url=http://www.dgcl.interieur.gouv.fr/donneeschiffrees/interco/stat2007/repart_EPCI_FP_departement.pdf| title=Répartition des EPCI à fiscalité propre par département au 01/01/2007| first=[[Menteri Dalam Negeri (Prancis)|Kementerian Dalam Negeri]]| last=Direction générale des collectivités locales (DGCL)| format=PDF| accessdate=2013-04-19| archive-date=2007-07-01| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701014149/http://www.dgcl.interieur.gouv.fr/donneeschiffrees/interco/stat2007/repart_EPCI_FP_departement.pdf| url-status=dead}}</ref> Nanging kasil punika saged nyingedaken kasunyatan ingkang surem. Wonten ing wewengkon padésan, kathah komune sampun mlebet ing pakempalan Komune namung kanggé pikantuk kauntungan saking dana pamarèntah. Sindikat lokal sampun dipunéwahi kanthi resmi dados Pakempalan Komune, Pakempalan Komune ingkang nembé ngemunah layanan ingkang sadèrèngipun dipunkelola sindikat, kalawanan kaliyan ukum ingkang sampun netepaken struktur antarkomune énggal kanggé damel jaringan wiyar aktivitas tinimbang dipunpendhet alih déning sindikat ingkang dangu. Sapérangan tiyang ngendika bilih, pamindhahan dana pamarèntah kedahipun dipunpungkasi, kathah pakempalan Komune wangsul dhateng status sindikatipun ingkang dangu, utawi ical sadayanipun wonten ing papan ing pundi boten wonten sindikat wonten ing ukum. [[Gambar:CaenCentre.JPG|thumb|left|[[Caen]]]] Wonten ing wewengkon urban, struktur antarkomune énggal langkung jelas, dipunbentuk déning pendamel kaputusan lokal tebih saking kapitadosan umum wonten ing kauntungan ingkang kerjasama wonten ing wewengkon urban. Nanging wonten ing sapérangan papan, tuan tanah lokal samsaya kathah, lan boten mungkin madegaken sawijining struktur antarkomune kanggé sadaya wewengkon urban: sapérangan komune nolak kanggé gabung, utawi damel strukturipun piyambak, kados wewengkon urban Marseille ing pundi sampun jumeneng sekawan struktur antarkomune.<ref name="internet127"/><ref name="internet128">{{Cite web |url=http://www.marseille-provence.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-24 |archive-date=2015-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207000756/http://www.marseille-provence.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wonten ing kathah wewengkon, komune sugih kagabung kaliyan komune sugih ingkang sanès lan nolak gabung kaliyan komune ingkang miskin, kuwatos manawi warganipun dipunparingi pajeg langkung kanggé kauntungan pinggiran kutha miskin wonten ing wewengkon urban. Sanèsipun, struktur antarkomune wonten ing kathah wewengkon urban taksih énggal, lan boten stabil: kategangan kadadosan antar komune; kutha wonten ing tengah wewengkon urban asring dipunduga ngrantam dominasi saking komune pinggiran kutha; komune saking sisih pulitik ingkang sebrangan ugi saged nindakakaken bab ingkang sami tumrap sanèsipun. [[Gambar:Place du Général de Gaulle, Lille.JPG|thumb|left|[[Lille]]]] [[Gambar:Rennes6.JPG|thumb|left|[[Rennes]]]] Kalih tuladha ingkang saé inggih punika [[Toulouse]]<ref name="internet129">http://www.toulouse-metropole.fr/collectivite/decouvrir-la-metropole</ref> lan [[Paris]]. Wonten ing [[Toulouse]]<ref name="internet129"/>, wonten ing mrika wonten 6 struktur antarkomune, pakempalan utama [[Toulouse]] lan pinggiranipun namung sawijining Pakempalan Aglomerasi, éwadéné [[Toulouse]] lumayan ageng kanggé damel Pakempalan Urban miturut ukum.<ref name="internet129"/> Punika amargi kamune wonten ing pinggiran kutha nolak Pakempalan Urban amargi kuwatos kicalan kakuwasanipun, lan milih Pakempalan Aglomerasi, déné Pakempalan Aglomerasi nampi sakedhik dana pamarèntah tinimbang Pakempalan Urban. Tumrap [[Paris]], boten wonten struktur antarkomune ingkang dipundhirikaken wonten ing mrika, pinggiran kutha Paris boten pitados konsèp "Paris Raya", lan pemisahan taksih dados peraturan wonten ing wewengkon metropolitan [[Paris]], kanthi pinggiran [[Paris]] ingkang minangka struktur antarkomune ingkang béda kejawi kutha [[Paris]]. Satunggal prakawis ageng ngèngigi antarkomune, asring dipunageng-agengaken, inggih punika kasunyatan bilih struktur antarkomune boetn gadhah perwakilan ingkang dipunpilih langsung déning rakyat, saèngga struktur punika minangka perwakilan saking saben komune ingkang jumeneng wonten ing struktur énggal.<ref name="internet127"/> Akibatipun, wakil rakyat lan birokrat minangka pihak-pihak ingkang damel agénda lan nindakaken, kanthi perwakilan kapilih saking komune ingkang namung nyengkuyung kaputusan kunci. Wonten ing tingkat lokal, kaanan punika kados ingkang kadadosan wonten ing Brussels, ing pundi kakuwasan kapérang déning manéka nagara Éropa mardika sampun njalari kakuwasan punika dinggé dolanan déning birokrasi ingkang boten kapilih déning rakyat.<ref name="internet127"/> === Masa Ngajeng === [[Gambar:Hotèl Groslot.jpg|thumb|left|[[Orléans]]]] [[Gambar:Mulhousedepuisrebberg.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mulhouse]]]] Gangsal taun kapisanan wonten ing abab kaping 21 minangka éwah-éwahan ageng tumrap tingkat komune wonten ing Prancis, nanging kahananipun taksih dèrèng dipuntetepaken. Struktur antarkomune, dipunbentuk kanggé mungkasi prakawis nagara kanthi kathah sanget komune alit, sampun dumugi ing kasuksèsanipun, nanging kakuwasan merak—ugi gegayutan kaliyan komune wonten ing ngandhapipun lan ''[[départements]]'' ing nginggilipun—taksih kedah dipundandai malih wonten ing kasunyatanipun. Dèrèng jelas ing pundhi bab punika badhé lumampah. Punapa badhé struktur antarkomune gadhah perwakilan ingkang dipunpilih langsung déning rakyat wonten ing jaman samangké, kados déné Laporan [[Pierre Mauroy|Mauroy]] rikala taun [[2000]]? Anananging, punapa malah boten nilarakaken komune minangka unit administratif ingkang samar? Sapérangan wali kutha ingkang kaloka wonten ing kutha ageng Prancis (komune) sampun nilaraken kursi wali kotanipun saperlu dados présidhèn Perkumpulan Urban, tuladhanipun [[Perkumpulan Urban Lille Métropole]].<ref name="internet127"/><ref name="internet131">http://www.emploipublic.fr/fiche_recruteur/EP/c_u_lille_metropole/index.php</ref><ref name="internet132">http://www.lillemetropole.fr/index.php?p=10</ref> Utawis punapa badhé struktur antarkomune punika kapecah, ingkang tundhanipun, sasampunipun nagara mandhagaken pambiyantu dana? Utawi mungkin, ukum Chevènement namung minangka tahap kapisanan panggabungan ageng komune, sawijining usaha supados komune nyambut damel sesarengan lan pikantuk kauntunganipun, sadèrèngipun komune-komune punika dipungabungaken. Wonten ing bab punika, pirembagan badhé dipuntindakaken wonten ing taun-taun ingkang badhé kalampahan. == Fakta sanèsipun == [[Gambar:Place_du_Parvis,_Reims(1).jpg|thumb|left|[[Reims]]]] [[Gambar:LeHavre.jpg|thumb|left|[[Le Havre]]]] === Komune kanthi penduduk ingkang kathah piyambak lan paling sakedhik === Komune ingkang kathah piyambak pendudukipun wonten ing Républik [[Prancis]] inggih punika komune [[Paris]]: 2.125.246 jiwa rikala Maret [[1999]]. * Enem saking ''(désa Prancis ingkang risak wonten ing jaman Perang Donya I)'' boten naté dipunyasa malih. Sedayanipun wonten ing ''département'' [[Meuse]]<ref name="internet51">http://www.lameuse.be/</ref>, lan risak sadangunipun ''Paprangan Verdun'' taun [[1916]].<ref name="internet133">{{Cite web |url=http://www.beritaunik.net/top-10/10-pertempuran-paling-berdarah-selama-perang-dunia-i.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-24 |archive-date=2013-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601125217/http://www.beritaunik.net/top-10/10-pertempuran-paling-berdarah-selama-perang-dunia-i.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sasampunipun perang, dipunputusaken bilih wewengkon ingkang dipundunungi sadèrèngipun wonten ing désa ingkang risak boten badhé diungabungaken dhateng komune ingkang sanès, minangka pepènget dhateng désa mau ingkang sampun "mati kanggé Prancis", kados nalika dipunbiyangun, lan mangayubagya kanggé désa mau. Komune punika boten gadhah penghuni lan dipunatur déning sawijining déwan kanthi anggota tigang tiyang, dipilih déning [[préfet|prefek]] Meuse<ref name="internet51"/>: ** [[Beaumont-en-Verdunois]]<ref name="internet52">{{Cite web |url=http://www.lagenealogie.com/histoire-ville-village-commune/beaumont-en-verdunois-55039.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-22 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222848/http://www.lagenealogie.com/histoire-ville-village-commune/beaumont-en-verdunois-55039.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ** [[Bezonvaux]]<ref name="internet60">http://www.conseil-general.com/en/map-town-hall/map-town-hall-bezonvaux-55100.htm</ref> ** [[Cumières-le-Mort-Homme]]<ref name="internet61">http://www.intellicast.com/Local/Weather.aspx?location=FRLO0337</ref> ** [[Fleury-devant-Douaumont]]<ref name="internet62">http://www.map-france.com/Fleury-devant-Douaumont-55100/</ref> ** [[Haumont-près-Samogneux]]<ref name="internet63">http://www.map-france.com/Haumont-pres-Samogneux-55100/</ref> ** [[Louvemont-Côte-du-Poivre]]<ref name="internet64">http://www.map-france.com/Louvemont-Cote-du-Poivre-55100/</ref> * Tebih saking bab-bab ingkang istiméwa, komune kanthi penduduk paling sakedhik wonten ing Républik Prancis inggih punika: ** komune [[Rochefourchat]]<ref name="internet65">http://www.map-france.com/Rochefourchat-26340/</ref><ref name="internet134">{{Cite web |url=http://starbetzone.com/rochefourchat-kota-berpenghuni-1-jiwa-di-perancis |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-24 |archive-date=2023-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008011830/http://www.starbetzone.com/rochefourchat-kota-berpenghuni-1-jiwa-di-perancis |url-status=dead }}</ref>, ing ngandhap [[gunung]] [[Alpen]]<ref name="internet66">http://www.tripadvisor.co.id/AllLocations-g190434-Places-Austrian_Alps.html</ref> Prancis, 1 jiwa wonten ing sensus 1999 (satunggaling priyantun kakungn 38 taun ingkang sampun pisahan kaliyan garwanipun). ** komune [[Leménil-Mitry]]<ref name="internet67">http://www.conseil-general.com/mairie/mairie-lemenil-mitry-54740.htm</ref>, ing alas [[Lorraine (région)|Lorraine]] wonten ing sisih wétan Prancis, 2 jiwa rikala sensus 1999 (priyantun kakung 42 taun lan garwanipun 38 taun, dados pamilik sadaya griya wonten ing komune mau, asalipun saking kulawarga tuan tanah ing mrika). ** komune [[Rouvroy-Ripont]]<ref name="internet68">{{Cite web |url=http://maps.apocalx.com/communes-de-france/commune-51470-rouvroy-ripont.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-22 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204710/http://maps.apocalx.com/communes-de-france/commune-51470-rouvroy-ripont.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>, caket laladan [[Champagne (provinsi)|Champagne]]<ref name="internet69">http://www.champagnedirect.co.uk/</ref>, 2 jiwa wonten ing sensus 1999 (priyantun kakung 60 taun lan 73 taun ingkang dèrèng palakrama). === Téritori komune paling ageng lan paling alit === * Komune paling ageng wonten ing Républik Prancis inggih punika [[Maripasoula]]<ref name="internet135">http://www.franceguyane.fr/regions/guyane/maripasoula-etrange-epidemie-chez-les-garimpeiros-155693.php</ref><ref name="internet136">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/019/article_9146.asp |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-24 |archive-date=2011-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215081017/http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/019/article_9146.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="internet137">http://www.annuaire-mairie.fr/ville-maripasoula.html</ref> (3.710 jiwa) wonten ing ''département'' [[Guyana Prancis]]: [[1 E10 m²|18.360 km²]] (7.089 mil pasagi). * Wonten ing [[Prancis Metropolitan]] komune paling ageng inggih punika komune [[Arles]] (50.513 jiwa) caket [[Marseille]], téritorinipun ngambah sapérangan [[delta kali|delta]] [[Kali Rhône]]: [[1 E8 m²|759 km²]] (293 mil pasagi), utawi kaping 8.7 langkung wiyar saking wiyaripun kutha Paris (boten kalebet taman [[Bois de Boulogne]]<ref name="internet138">{{Cite web |url=http://www.paris.fr/pratique/paris-au-vert/bois-de-boulogne/p6567 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-24 |archive-date=2013-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429143411/http://www.paris.fr/pratique/paris-au-vert/bois-de-boulogne/p6567 |url-status=dead }}</ref> lan [[Bois de Vincennes]])<ref name="internet139">{{Cite web |url=http://www.paris.fr/english/parks-woods-gardens-and-cemeteries/woods/bois-de-vincennes/rub_8211_stand_34153_port_18985 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-24 |archive-date=2013-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518191946/http://www.paris.fr/english/parks-woods-gardens-and-cemeteries/woods/bois-de-vincennes/rub_8211_stand_34153_port_18985 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. * Komune paling alit wonten ing Républik Prancis inggih punika [[Castelmoron-d'Albret]] (62 jiwa) caket [[Bordeaux]]: [[1 E4 m²|0.0376 km²]] (0.0145 mil pasagi utawi 9.3 ekar). === Komune paling inggil=== Komune paling inggil wonten ing Républik Prancis (lan Éropa) inggih punika [[Saint-Véran]]<ref name="internet141"/> (267 jiwa), wonten ing Pegunungan [[Alpen]] Prancis: inggilipun désa wonten ing tengah komune inggih punika 1.990 mèter (6.529 kaki) lan 2.040 mèter (6.693 kaki) ing nginggiling lumah laut.<ref name="internet141">http://www.saintveran.com/</ref> === Komune paling tebih saking kutha krajan Prancis === * Komune Républik Prancis ingkang paling tebih saking Paris inggih punika komune [[L'Île-des-Pins]]<ref name="internet142">http://www.ile-des-pins.com/</ref> (1.840 jiwa) wonten ing [[Kaledonia Baru]]: 16.841&nbsp;km (10.465 mil) saking punjer kutha Paris.<ref name="internet143">http://www.tripadvisor.com.au/Tourism-g298359-Ile_Des_Pins-Vacations.html</ref> * Wonten ing daratan Prancis (Prancis Éropa kejawi [[Corsica]])<ref name="internet144">http://www.visit-corsica.com/en</ref>, komune paling tebih saking [[Paris]] inggih punika [[Coustouges]]<ref name="internet145">http://www.coustouges.fr/</ref> (134 jiwa) lan [[Lamanère]]<ref name="internet146">http://lamanere.fr/</ref> (44 jiwa) wonten ing wates [[Spanyol]]: kekalihipun gadhah jarak 721&nbsp;km (448 mil) saking punjer kutha Paris satebihipun manuk gagak miber. [[Gambar:Comunne Y picardhiv68.jpg|thumb|250px|Marka margi dados panandha watesing komune [[Y, Somme|Y]] ing ''[[département di Prancis|département]]'' [[Somme]], [[Picardie]].]] === Nama komune paling cekak lan dawa === * Komune Républik Prancis kanthi nama paling cekak inggih punika komune [[Y, Somme|Y]] (89 jiwa). * Wonten tiga komune ing Républik Prancis ingkang gadhah nama paling dawa (38 huruf): ** komune [[Saint-Germain-de-Tallevende-la-Lande-Vaumont]] (1731 jiwa)<ref name="internet147">http://www.saint-germain-de-tallevende.fr/</ref> ** komune [[Saint-Remy-en-Bouzemont-Saint-Genest-et-Isson]] (592 jiwa)<ref name="internet148">http://www.saintremyenbouzemont.fr/</ref> ** komune [[Beaujeu-Saint-Vallier-Pierrejux-et-Quitteur]] (739 jiwa)<ref name="internet149">http://fr.mappy.com/carte/70/beaujeu-saint-vallier-pierrejux-et-quitteur#d={{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 70100 Beaujeu-Saint-Vallier-Pierrejux-et-Quitteur&p=map</ref> == Nama komune wonten ing basa kejawi Prancis == Nama komune Prancis limrahipun wonten ing [[Basa Prancis]]. Wonten ing wewengkon ing pundi basa sanès saking Prancis dipunlafalaken, namanipun sampun dipunéwahi wonten ing pangucapan lan pangejaan Prancis, kados ta [[Toulouse]] (''Tolosa'' wonten ing [[Basa Occitan]]), [[Strasbourg]] (''Straßburg'' wonten ing [[Basa Alemanik Jerman|Basa Alemanik]]), utawi [[Perpignan]] (''Perpinyà'' wonten ing [[Basa Katalan]]). Nanging, kathah komune alit ingkang taksih migunakaken nama aslinipun. Punika tuladha nama asli wonten ing basa ingkang naté dipunngendikakaken, utawi taksih dipun-ginakaken, wonten ing tèritori Républik Prancis: [[Gambar:Panneau Mittelhausbergen.JPG|thumb|350px|Marka margi panandha lawang mlebet [[Mittelhausbergen]] ing ''[[departemen ing Prancis|département]]'' [[Bas-Rhin]], [[Alsace]].]] * [[Basa Jerman]]: komune [[Mittelhausbergen]] (1.690 jiwa) * [[Basa Walanda]]: komune [[Steenvoorde]] (4.024 jiwa) * [[Basa Breton]]: komune [[Kermoroc'h]] (324 jiwa) * [[Basa Occitan]]: komune [[Belcastel]] (251 jiwa) * [[Basa Basque]]: komune [[Ustaritz]] (4.984 jiwa) * [[Basa Katalan]]: komune [[Banyuls-dels-Aspres]] (1.007 jiwa) * [[Basa Korsika]]: komune [[San-Gavino-di-Carbini]] (738 jiwa) * [[Basa Komoro]]: komune [[M'Tsangamouji]] (5.028 jiwa) * [[Basa Polinesia]]: komune [[Hitiaa O Te Ra]] (8.683 jiwa) * Sapérangan [[Basa Austronesia]] ing [[Kaledonia Baru]]: komune [[Kouaoua]] (1.586 jiwa) * Sapérangan [[Basa Amérika Asli|Basa Indian Amérika]]: komune [[Kourou]] (19.107 jiwa) ==Klasifikasi== INSEE Kode<ref name="internet53">http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/nomenclatures/cog/</ref>: INSEE maringi kodhe pangindèksan numèrik wonten ing manéka éntitas wonten ing Prancis<ref name="internet54">http://www.insee.fr/fr/publications-et-services/default.asp?page=services/faq/q22_2insee.htm</ref>, mliginipun komune (ingkang boten sami kaliyan kodhe pos)<ref name="internet55">http://www.galichon.com/codesgeo/</ref>. Kode 'jangkep' gadhah wolu (8) digit lan tiga ruwang lebet, nanging wonten ing ingkang dipunprasajakaken kodenipun kanthi gangsal (5) angka lan boten mawi ruwang lebet<ref name="internet56">http://www.francogene.com/france/insee.php</ref><ref>http://www.dcode.fr/code-postal-insee-communes</ref>: * Kalih digit (département) lan tiga digit (commune) kanggé 96 département Prancis 'métropolitaine'. * Tigang digit (département utawi kolèktivitas) lan kalih digit (commune) kanggé departemèn Luar Negeri, Jajahan lan Nagara Luar Negeri. Ugi pirsani: fr: Kode INSEE # Kode komunal. ==Komune-Komune ing Prancis== Punika minangka pratélan komune ingkang wonten ing Prancis kanthi cacahing penduduk ingkang langkung saking 20.000 jiwa rikala sénsus 2006<ref name="internet57">INSEE: [http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/default.asp ''Polulations légales 2006'']</ref>. Sedaya cacah punika migunakaken métode pangétangan ''sans doubles comptes'' [[INSEE]] (''population municipale''). [[Gambar:Toulon place de la liberté-fontaine.jpg|thumb|[[Toulon]]]] [[Gambar:Massif du Taillefer.JPG|thumb|[[Grenoble]]]] [[Gambar:Angers maine chateau.jpg|thumb|[[Angers]]]] [[Gambar:Dijon-PalaisDucBourgogne.jpg|thumb|[[Dijon]]]] [[Gambar:Chateau de Brest et Tour Tanguy.jpg|thumb|[[Brest, Prancis|Brest]]]] [[Gambar:Nîmes, Centre ville.jpg|thumb|[[Nîmes]]]] [[Gambar:Montagne Sainte-Victoire towards roofs of Aix-en-Provence.jpg|thumb|[[Aix-en-Provence]]]] [[Gambar:Clermont vu de Montjuzet.JPG|thumb|[[Clermont-Ferrand]]]] [[Gambar:Tudor buildings in Tours, France.jpg|thumb|[[Tours]]]] [[Gambar:Limoges décorée pour les Ostensions 2009.JPG|thumb|[[Limoges]]]] [[Gambar:Villeurbanne gratteciel placechanoineboursier (3).jpg|thumb|[[Villeurbanne]]]] [[Gambar:Quai belu amiens.JPG|thumb|[[Amiens]]]] [[Gambar:Metz Theatre 2003.jpg|thumb|[[Metz]]]] {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[Paris]]<ref name="internet26"/> # [[Marseille]]<ref name="internet27"/> # [[Lyon]]<ref name="internet28"/> # [[Toulouse]]<ref name="internet100"/> # [[Nice]] # [[Nantes]] # [[Strasbourg]]<ref name="internet42"/> # [[Montpellier]]<ref name="internet41"/> # [[Bordeaux]]<ref name="internet37"/> # [[Lille]] # [[Rennes]]<ref name="internet91">http://www.tourisme-rennes.com/en/home.aspx</ref> # [[Reims]]<ref name="internet92">http://www.reims-tourism.com/</ref> # [[Le Havre]] # [[Saint-Étienne]]<ref name="internet93">http://www.saintetienne.com/</ref> # [[Toulon]] # [[Grenoble]]<ref name="internet94">{{Cite web |url=http://www.grenoble-tourism.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501064311/http://www.grenoble-tourism.com/ |archive-date=2013-05-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> # [[Angers]]<ref name="internet95">http://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g187197-Angers_Maine_et_Loire_Anjou_Loire_Valley_Pays_de_la_Loire-Vacations.html</ref> # [[Dijon]]<ref name="internet96">http://www.visitdijon.com/en/</ref> # [[Brest]]<ref name="internet97">http://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g187095-Brest_Finistere_Brittany-Vacations.html</ref> # [[Nîmes]]<ref name="internet98">{{Cite web |url=http://france-for-visitors.com/france-maps/languedoc/nimes-map.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-04-23 |archive-date=2012-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023030720/http://www.france-for-visitors.com/france-maps/languedoc/nimes-map.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> # [[Le Mans]]<ref name="internet99">http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Tourism-g187195-Le_Mans_Sarthe_Pays_de_la_Loire-Vacations.html</ref> # [[Aix-en-Provence]] # [[Clermont-Ferrand]] # [[Saint-Denis]] # [[Tours]] # [[Limoges]] # [[Villeurbanne]] # [[Amiens]] # [[Metz]]<ref name="internet43"/> # [[Besançon]] # [[Perpignan]] # [[Orléans]]<ref name="internet39"/> # [[Mulhouse]] # [[Caen]] # [[Boulogne-Billancourt]] # [[Rouen]]<ref name="internet38"/> # [[Nancy]]<ref name="internet44"/> # [[Argenteuil]] # [[Montreuil]] # [[Saint-Paul]] # [[Roubaix]] # [[Saint-Denis]] # [[Avignon]] # [[Tourcoing]] # [[Fort-de-France]] # [[Créteil]] # [[Poitiers]] # [[Nanterre]] # [[Versailles]] # [[Courbevoie]] # [[Pau]] # [[Vitry-sur-Seine]] # [[Asnières-sur-Seine]] # [[Colombes]] # [[Aulnay-sous-Bois]] # [[Rueil-Malmaison]] # [[La Rochelle]] # [[Antibes]] # [[Saint-Maur-des-Fossés]] # [[Calais]] # [[Champigny-sur-Marne]] # [[Saint-Pierre]] # [[Aubervilliers]] # [[Béziers]] # [[Bourges]] # [[Cannes]] # [[Le Tampon]] # [[Dunkerque]] # [[Saint-Nazaire]] # [[Drancy]] # [[Colmar]] # [[Mérignac]] # [[Valence]] # [[Quimper]] # [[Ajaccio]] # [[Levallois-Perret]] # [[Issy-les-Moulineaux]] # [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]] # [[Troyes]] # [[Noisy-le-Grand]] # [[Villeneuve d'Ascq]] # [[Antony, Hauts-de-Seine]] # [[Les Abymes]] # [[Sarcelles]] # [[Lorient]] # [[Niort]] # [[Cayenne]] # [[Chambéry]] # [[Pessac]] # [[Vénissieux]] # [[Clichy]] # [[Cergy]] # [[Saint-Quentin]] # [[La Seyne-sur-Mer]] # [[Ivry-sur-Seine]] # [[Beauvais]] # [[Hyères]] # [[Cholet]] # [[Montauban]] # [[Pantin]] # [[Bondy]] # [[Maisons-Alfort]] # [[Vannes]] # [[Évry]] # [[Charleville-Mézières]] # [[Arles]] # [[Saint-André]] # [[Fontenay-sous-Bois]] # [[Sartrouville]] # [[Épinay-sur-Seine]] # [[Fréjus]] # [[Évreux]] # [[Laval]] # [[Le Blanc-Mesnil]] # [[Sevran]] # [[Annecy]] # [[Belfort]] # [[Narbonne]] # [[La Roche-sur-Yon]] # [[Clamart]] # [[Villejuif]] # [[Brive-la-Gaillarde]] # [[Saint-Malo]] # [[Saint-Louis]] # [[Meaux]] # [[Grasse]] # [[Albi]] # [[Chelles]] # [[Blois]] # [[Cagnes-sur-Mer]] # [[Bobigny]] # [[Châteauroux]] # [[Vincennes]] # [[Carcassonne]] # [[Chalon-sur-Saône]] # [[Saint-Brieuc]] # [[Martigues]] # [[Châlons-en-Champagne]] # [[Tarbes]] # [[Montrouge]] # [[Meudon]] # [[Aubagne]] # [[Bayonne]]<ref name="internet40"/> # [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]] # [[Suresnes]] # [[Saint-Herblain]] # [[Bastia]] # [[Castres]] # [[Gennevilliers]] # [[Sète]] # [[Puteaux]] # [[Saint-Ouen]] # [[Wattrelos]] # [[Douai]] # [[Alfortville]] # [[Le Cannet]] # [[Valenciennes]]<ref name="internet45"/> # [[Angoulême]] # [[Istres]] # [[Compiègne]] # [[Arras]] # [[Mantes-la-Jolie]] # [[Livry-Gargan]] # [[Caluire-et-Cuire]] # [[Saint-Germain-en-Laye]] # [[Rosny-sous-Bois]] # [[Thionville]] # [[Corbeil-Essonnes]] # [[Talence]] # [[Cherbourg-Octeville]] # [[Saint-Priest]] # [[Vaulx-en-Velin]] # [[Massy]] # [[Bourg-en-Bresse]] # [[Salon-de-Provence]] # [[Chartres]] # [[Alès]] # [[Montluçon]] # [[Le Lamentin]] # [[Garges-lès-Gonesse]] # [[Marcq-en-Barœul]] # [[Bagneux]] # [[Bron]] # [[Noisy-le-Sec]] # [[Nevers]] # [[Le Port]] # [[Gagny]] # [[Melun]] # [[Anglet]] # [[Auxerre]] # [[Rezé]] # [[Gap]] # [[Savigny-sur-Orge]] # [[Vitrolles]] # [[Draguignan]] # [[La Courneuve]] # [[Joué-lès-Tours]] # [[Choisy-le-Roi]] # [[Roanne]] # [[Poissy]] # [[Échirolles]] # [[Saint-Chamond]] # [[Villepinte]] # [[Lens]] # [[Tremblay-en-France]] # [[Saint-Martin-d'Hères]] # [[Haguenau]] # [[Stains]] # [[Pontault-Combault]] # [[Châtellerault]] # [[Six-Fours-les-Plages]] # [[Villefranche-sur-Saône]] # [[Mâcon]] # [[Bagnolet]] # [[Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois]] # [[Épinal]] # [[Montigny-le-Bretonneux]] # [[Montélimar]] # [[Saint-Raphaël]] # [[Agen]] # [[Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni]] # [[Conflans-Sainte-Honorine]] # [[Dieppe]] # [[Saint-Joseph]] # [[Creil]] # [[Neuilly-sur-Marne]] # [[Saint-Benoît]] # [[Romans-sur-Isère]] # [[Franconville]] # [[Marignane]] # [[Dreux]] # [[Maubeuge]] # [[Les Mureaux]] # [[Cambrai]] # [[Liévin]] # [[La Ciotat]] # [[Colomiers]] # [[Châtillon]] # [[Le Perreux-sur-Marne]] # [[Châtenay-Malabry]] # [[Plaisir]] # [[Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy]] # [[Viry-Châtillon]] # [[Schiltigheim]] # [[Thonon-les-Bains]] # [[Houilles]] # [[Nogent-sur-Marne]] # [[Athis-Mons]] # [[Vallauris]] # [[Sainte-Marie]] # [[Malakoff]] # [[Villeneuve-Saint-Georges]] # [[L'Haÿ-les-Roses]] # [[Palaiseau]] # [[Mont-de-Marsan]] # [[Goussainville]] # [[Vienne]] # [[Saint-Laurent-du-Var]] # [[Sotteville-lès-Rouen]] # [[Villenave-d'Ornon]] # [[Orange]] # [[Rillieux-la-Pape]] # [[Périgueux]] # [[Le Chesnay]] # [[Trappes]] # [[Aurillac]] # [[Chatou]] # [[Clichy-sous-Bois]] # [[Saint-Cloud]] # [[Villiers-sur-Marne]] # [[Thiais]] # [[Saint-Leu]] # [[Meyzieu]] # [[Draveil]] # [[Pontoise]] # [[Saumur]] # [[Annemasse]] # [[Yerres]] # [[Lambersart]] # [[Alençon]] # [[Soissons]] # [[Charenton-le-Pont]] # [[Villemomble]] # [[Guyancourt]] # [[Vierzon]] # [[Ermont]] # [[Baie-Mahault]] # [[Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray]] # [[Bergerac]] # [[Menton]] # [[Bezons]] # [[Cachan]] # [[Élancourt]] # [[Pierrefitte-sur-Seine]] # [[Carpentras]] # [[Aix-les-Bains]] # [[Le Gosier]] # [[La Garenne-Colombes]] # [[Bois-Colombes]] # [[Villiers-le-Bel]] # [[Saint-Dizier]] # [[Sens]] # [[Saint-Médard-en-Jalles]] # [[Vanves]] # [[Biarritz]] # [[Ris-Orangis]] # [[Montbéliard]] # [[Saintes]] # [[Laon]] # [[Béthune]] # [[Taverny]] # [[Illkirch-Graffenstaden]] # [[Vigneux-sur-Seine]] # [[Rochefort]] # [[Sucy-en-Brie]] # [[La Possession]] # [[Le Grand-Quevilly]] # [[Gonesse]] # [[Montfermeil]] # [[Vichy]] # [[Grigny]] # [[Sannois]] # [[Hénin-Beaumont]] # [[Brunoy]] # [[Herblay]] # [[Cavaillon]] # [[Oullins]] # [[Rambouillet]] # [[La Garde]] # [[Fresnes]] # [[Le Kremlin-Bicêtre]] # [[Tournefeuille]] # [[Romainville]] # [[Savigny-le-Temple]] # [[Les Ulis]] # [[La Teste-de-Buch]] # [[Armentières]] # [[Décines-Charpieu]] # [[Dole]] # [[Matoury]] # [[Villeneuve-la-Garenne]] # [[Miramas]] # [[Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire]] # [[Champs-sur-Marne]] # [[Épernay]] # [[Bègles]] # [[Chaumont]] # [[Orvault]] # [[Abbeville]] # [[Rodez]] # [[Vernon]] # [[Fontenay-aux-Roses]] # [[Lunel]] # [[Le Robert]] # [[Bruay-la-Buissière]] # [[Le Creusot]] # [[Kourou]] # [[Sèvres]] # [[Bourgoin-Jallieu]] # [[Eaubonne]] # [[Muret]] # [[Oyonnax]] # [[Villeneuve-sur-Lot]] # [[Le Bouscat]] # [[Lisieux]] # [[Le Plessis-Robinson]] # [[Villeparisis]] # [[Libourne]] # [[Cenon]] # [[Montgeron]] # [[Sainte-Anne]] # [[Coudekerque-Branche]] # [[Gradignan]] # [[Fontaine]] # [[Montigny-lès-Metz]] # [[Hérouville-Saint-Clair]] # [[Brétigny-sur-Orge]] # [[La Madeleine]] # [[Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône]] # [[Lanester]] # [[Étampes]] # [[Maisons-Laffitte]] # [[Frontignan]] # [[Mons-en-Barœul]] # [[Torcy]] # [[Saint-Mandé]] # [[Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon]] # [[Millau]] # [[Le Petit-Quevilly]] # [[Saint-Pol-sur-Mer]] # [[Les Lilas]] # [[La Valette-du-Var]] # [[Forbach]] # [[Gif-sur-Yvette]] # [[Beaune]] # [[Sarreguemines]] # [[Morsang-sur-Orge]] # [[Sainte-Suzanne]] # [[Saint-Dié-des-Vosges]] # [[Combs-la-Ville]] # [[Auch]] # [[Cormeilles-en-Parisis]] # [[Saint-Gratien]] # [[Schœlcher]] # [[Fleury-les-Aubrais]] # [[Montmorency]] # [[Loos]] # [[Grande-Synthe]] # [[Agde]] # [[Roissy-en-Brie]] # [[Deuil-la-Barre]] # [[La Celle-Saint-Clou]] # [[Blagnac]] # [[Orly]] # [[Manosque]] # [[Petit-Bourg]] # [[Hazebrouck]] # [[Vertou]] # [[Gardanne]] # [[Longjumeau]] # [[Olivet]] # [[Le Moule]] # [[Lormont]] # [[Fougères]] # [[Croix]] # [[Mandelieu-la-Napoule]] # [[Dammarie-lès-Lys]] # [[Dax]] # [[Voiron]] # [[Mont-Saint-Aignan]] # [[Moulins]] # [[Le Mée-sur-Seine]] # [[Denain]] # [[Les Pennes-Mirabeau]] # [[Les Pavillons-sous-Bois]] # [[Ozoir-la-Ferrière]] # [[Lagny-sur-Marne]] # [[Cahors]] # [[Saint-Michel-sur-Orge]] # [[Vélizy-Villacoublay]] {{div col end}} == Cathetan suku == {{reflist|2}} * {{fr icon}} ''[[La Documentation française]]'' ''[http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/intercommunalite/index.shtml Le développement de l'intercommunalité&nbsp;: la révolution discrète]'' * {{fr icon}} Maryvonne Bonnard, ''Les collectivités territoriales en France'', 2005, ''La Documentation française'', ISBN 2-11-005874-9 == Uga delengen == * [[Pratélan komune ing Prancis]] * [[Komune (subdivisi)]] * [[Comune]] (Italia) * [http://www.lescommunes.com/ Daftar lengkap kota dan kotamadya di Perancis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710203844/https://www.lescommunes.com/ |date=2019-07-10 }} [[Kategori:Komune]] [[Kategori:Prancis]] mgxp1msccjtq1fmpcg7nos6tp2rmkl9 Léon Vaillant 0 99986 1760250 1714482 2026-11-06T09:43:16Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |name = Léon Vaillant |image = Vaillant Léon 1834-1914.png |image_size = |alt = |caption = Léon Vaillant |birth_date = {{birth date|1834|11|11}} |birth_place = [[Paris]] |death_date = {{death date|1914|11|24}} |death_place = Paris |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = [[France|French]] |ethnicity = |fields = {{Unbulleted list|[[Herpetology]]|[[Ichthyology]]|[[Malacology]]|[[Zoology]]}} |workplaces = [[Musiyum national d'histoire naturelle]] |alma_mater = }} '''Léon Louis Vaillant''' (11 Novèmber 1834-24 Novèmber 1914) inggih punika nimpuna zologi saking Prancis. Piyambakipun kawentar amargi karyanipun ing babagan hèrpetologi, malakologi, sarta widyamina. Panjenenganipun nyengkuyung èkspèdhisi wadya sagara Prancis ing [[Travailleur]] nalika taun 1880, 1881, sarta 1882, lan ing Talisman nalika taun 1883. Wonten ngandhap punika spésies-spésies ingkang sampun dipunparingi nama déning Léon Vaillant: * ''Amphiporus vaillanti'' <small>[[Louis Joubin|Joubin]], 1902</small> * ''Bathophilus vaillanti'' <small>[[Erich Zugmayer|Zugmayer]], 1911</small> * ''Lophius vaillanti'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1903</small> * ''Munidopsis vaillant'' <small>[[Alphonse Milne-Edwards|A. Milne-Edwards]], 1881</small> * ''Solamen vaillanti'' <small>[[Arturo Issel|Issel]], 1869</small> * ''[[Solariella vaillanti]]'' <small>[[Philippe Dautzenberg|Dautzenberg]] & H. Fischer, 1896</small> * ''[[Turbonilla vaillanti]]'' <small>Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896</small>.<ref>[http://www.tmbl.gu.se/libdb/taxon/personetymol/petymol.vw.html Taxonomic Namesakes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918122613/http://www.tmbl.gu.se/libdb/taxon/personetymol/petymol.vw.html |date=2013-09-18 }} (species named after Vallaint)</ref> == Réferènsi == {{Reflist}} ==Pranala njawi== *[http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-nr00-17340 WorldCat Identities] (publications) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131209153617/http://viaf.org/viaf/30319977/#Vaillant,_L%C3%A9on,_1834-1914 VIAF] {{Authority control|VIAF=30319977}} [[Kategori:Tokoh Prancis]] [[Kategori:Lair 1834]] nur1axjab5rg38ie4x2ltjok2dagxod Johann Bernoulli 0 100443 1760078 1720181 2026-11-06T00:40:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760078 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Johann_Bernoulli.jpg|thumb|200px|Johann Bernoulli]] '''Johann Bernoulli''' ([[Basel]], [[27 Juli]] [[1667]] - [[1 Januari]] [[1748]]) panjenengané ahli [[matematikawan]] [[Switserlan]]. Johann sadulur sakandung [[Jakob Bernoulli]], bapa kanthi nama [[Daniel Bernoulli]] lan [[Nicolaus II Bernoulli]]. Johann uga misuwur kanthi nama '''Jean''' utawa '''John Bernoulli'''. Bernoulli Ngajukake mesin kanthi [[ènergi]] [[fluida]]. == Uga delengen == * [[Guillaume de l'Hospital]] == Pranala njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060901231602/http://www.genealogy.ams.org/html/id.phtml?id=53410 Entri] di [[Mathematics Genealogy Project]] * {{MacTutor Biography|id=Bernoulli_Johann}} * Golba, Paul, "''[http://www.shu.edu/projects/reals/history/bernoull.html Bernoulli, Johan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040414104220/http://www.shu.edu/projects/reals/history/bernoull.html |date=2004-04-14 }}'''" * "''[http://www.bernoulli.ag.vu/ Johann Bernoulli] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012222140/http://www.bernoulli.ag.vu/ |date=2007-10-12 }}''" [[Kategori:Lair 1667]] [[Kategori:Pati 1748]] [[Kategori:Matematikawan Switserlan|Bernoulli, Johann]] {{ilmuwan-stub}} 2tl1nxekawhiousjt3uh4pszevxemam Memayu hayuning bawana 0 106370 1760276 1755850 2026-11-06T11:14:36Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760276 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Memayu hayuning bawana''' (ꦩꦼꦩꦪꦸꦲꦪꦸꦤꦶꦁꦧꦮꦤ) punika aji ingkang [[adi luhung]] wonten ing [[kabudayan]] Jawi. Memayu hayuning bawana sampun ditindakake ing saben dintenan kaliyan wong Jawi. Memayu hayuning bawana ing [[basa Indonesia]] gadhah arti ''memperindah keindahan donya''. Filosofi memayu hayuning bawana inggih ugi kalebet ing [[kejawen]].<ref name="ir1">{{cite book|author=Dr. Suwardi Endraswara, M. Hum|title=Memayu Hayuning Bawana|publisher=Narasi|place=Yogyakarta|year=2013}}</ref> Memayu Hayuning Bawana inggih menika satunggaling falsafah agung masarakat Jawa ingkang nggadhahi teges njagi, nglestarekaken, lan nambahi kaendahan sarta kawilujenganing alam semesta. Tembung ''Memayu'' asalipun saking tembung ''hayu'' ingkang tegesipun endah utawi [[rahayu]] (slamet), dene ''[[Buwana|Bawana]]'' tegesipun alam semesta, donya, utawi jagad raya. [[Filsafat|Falsafah]] menika minangka wujud kesadaran bilih manungsa gadhah jejibahan minangka pamong utawi wakiling [[Hyang|Gusti]] kagem njagi tata tentreming [[Bumi|donya]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://kitapunya.net/arti-kata/memayu-hayuning-bawana/|title=Memayu Hayuning Bawana Artinya, Makna,dan Contoh Penerapan dalam Kehidupan Sehari-hari|last=S|first=Ahmad Latif|date=2025-08-26|website=Kitapunya.net|language=id|access-date=2026-08-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/feeds/read/5922597/arti-memayu-hayuning-bawana-filosofi-jawa-untuk-keharmonisan-hidup|title=Arti Memayu Hayuning Bawana: Filosofi Jawa untuk Keharmonisan Hidup|last=Liputan6.com|date=2025-02-18|website=liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=2026-08-29}}</ref><ref name="ir1" /> == Tiga Tataran Utama == Kangge nggayuh keselarasan gesang kados ingkang dipunajab dening falsafah menika, wonten tiga tataran tanggung jawab utawi harmoni ingkang kedah dipunlampahi:<ref name="ir1" /> * '''[[Memayu Hayuning Sarira]]:''' Inggih menika njagi kawilujengan lan kaendahaning dhiri pribadi (Jagad Alit). Manungsa kedah saged nata hawa nafsu, njagi kasarasan jasmani, sarta nuwuhaken watak ingkang utama ing batinipun piyambak. * '''[[Memayu Hayuning Sesami]]:''' Inggih menika njagi karukunan, tepa selira, lan asih tresna dhumateng pepadhaning titah manungsa. Menika mbetahaken kawicaksanan supados gesang bebrayan saged guyub rukun lan adoh saking cecongkrahan. * '''Memayu Hayuning Bawana:''' Inggih menika njagi kelestarianing alam semesta ([[Jagad Ageng]]). Manungsa kedah asih dhumateng tetuwuhan, sato kewan, diti, toya, lan hawa, supados alam tetep lestari sarta saged dipunwarisaken dhumateng anak putu.<ref name=":0" /> == Wujud Lampah ing Bebrayan == Falsafah menika sanes namung dados piwulang batin, nanging kedah dipunwujudaken wonten ing tindak-tanduk padintenan, kados ta: * Tansah andhap asor, mboten gumedhe, lan ngurmati sesami (Memayu Hayuning Sarira lan Sesami). * Gotong royong asung pambiyantu dhumateng tiyang ingkang nandang kacingkrangan tanpa mbedakaken drajat (Memayu Hayuning Sesami). * Mboten ngrisak sumber toya, mboten negor wit-witan ing wana sakepenake, lan tansah njagi karesikaning lingkungan (Memayu Hayuning Bawana).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://desatepus.gunungkidulkab.go.id/first/artikel/6273-Makna-Memayu-Hayuning-Bawana-dalam-Kultur-Budaya-Jawa|title=Makna Memayu Hayuning Bawana dalam|website=Tepus|access-date=2026-08-29}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Filsafat]] [[Kategori:Kabudayan Jawi]] ajw5nmqpyo002kphfunnsgctlua22z7 Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro 0 106795 1760170 1749595 2026-11-06T05:40:19Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder |honorific-prefix = |name = {{PAGENAME}} |image = Sarmidi mangunsarkoro.jpg |imagesize = |caption = |office1 = Mantri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia|Mantri Pendidikan Nasional Indonésia |order1 = 5 |term_start1 = [[4 Agustus]] [[1949]] |term_end1 = [[6 September]] [[1950]] |president1 = [[Soekarno]] |predecessor1 = [[Ali Sastroamidjojo]] |successor1 = [[Bahder Djohan]] |birth_date = [[23 Mèi]] [[1904]] |birth_place = {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]] |death_date = {{death date and age|1957|6|8|1904|5|23}} |death_place = {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]] |party = |spouse = |children = |residence = |alma_mater = |occupation = |religion = [[Islam]] }} '''Ki Mangunsarkoro''' utawa '''Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro''' ({{lahirmati||23|5|1904||8|6|1957}}) ya iku pejuang ing babagan pendidikan nasional, dhèwèké dipercaya dadi [[Mantri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia|Mantri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Indonésia]] ing taun 1949 nganti taun 1950. ==Karya-Karya== Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro nulis saperangn buku-buku ngenani pendidikan nasional, kabudayan, lan uga pulitik. Buku-bukune ya iku: # Pendidikan Nasional (Kulawarga, Jogjakarta, 1948) # Masjarakat Sosialis (Pelopor, Jogjakarta, 1951) # Dasar-Dasar Pendidikan Nasional (Pertjetakan Kulawarga, 1951) # Kebudajaan Rakjat (Usaha Penerbitan Indonésia, 1951) # Dasar Sosiologi dan Kebudajaan untuk Pendidikan Indonésia Merdeka(Prapancha, Jogjakara, 1952) # Ilmu Kemasjarakatan (Prapancha, 1952) # [[Sosialisme]], [[Marhaenisme]] dan [[Kuminisme]] (Wasiat Nasional, Jogja, 1955) # Inti Marhaenisme (Wasiat Nasional, Jogja, 1954) # Guru Tak Berkarakter ratjun Masjarakat : Sumbangan dari Kementerian Penerangan RI oentoek guru Nasional yang Membentuk Djiwa Nasional (ditulis bersama dg Asaat gelar Datuk Mudo, Kementerian Penerangan RI, kata Pengantar 1950) # Dasar Sosisologi dan Kebudajaan untuk Rakjat Indonésia (Prapancha, 1952 == Pranala njaba == * [http://pardi74.multiply.com/journal Berita] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218185604/http://pardi74.multiply.com/journal |date=2012-02-18 }} * [http://mangunsarkoro.wordpress.com/ Kumpulan artikel Ki Mangunsarkoro] * [http://www.kr.co.id/web/detail.php?sid=198303&actmenu=39 Perjuangan Ki Mangunsarkoro]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.setneg.go.id/index.php?option=com_tandajasa&cat=2&id=7&Itemid=43&limit=1&limitstart=3 Bintang kehormatan Mahaputra Adhipradana] * [http://www.harianjogja.com/pestabuku/beritas/detailberita/5512 Ki Mangunsarkoro diusulkan menjadi Pahlawan Nasional] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214120844/https://www.harianjogja.com/pestabuku/beritas/detailberita/5512 |date=2024-12-14 }} * [http://www.dinsos.pemda-diy.go.id/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=272&Itemid=49 Pelestarian Nilai Kepahlawanan Dinso DIY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091108121542/http://www.dinsos.pemda-diy.go.id/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=272&Itemid=49 |date=2009-11-08 }} * [http://lib.atmajaya.ac.id/default.aspx?tabID=53&kt=sarmidi%20mangunsarkoro Buku Karya Ki Mangunsarkoro : Perpustakaan Unika Atma Jaya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925163315/https://lib.atmajaya.ac.id/default.aspx?tabID=53&kt=sarmidi%20mangunsarkoro |date=2020-09-25 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190822032417/https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Search/Home?lookfor=sarmidi+mangunsarkoro&type=all&limits=&submit=Find Buku Karya Ki Mangunsarkoro : National Library of Australia] * [http://cornell.worldcat.org/search?q=sarmidi+mangunsarkoro&qt=wc_org_cornell&GO=GO Buku Karya Ki Mangunsarkoro : Cornell University Library, USA] * [http://resources.library.yale.edu/siteSearch/searchOrbis.aspx?q=sarmidi%20mangunsarkoro Buku Karya Ki Mangunsarkoro : Yale University Library, USA]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://berkeley.worldcat.org/search?qt=affiliate&ai=wclocal_5689&q=sarmidi+mangunsarkoro&wcsbtn2w=Search&scope=1&oldscope=W Buku Karya Ki Mangunsarkoro : University of California, Berkeley Library] {{Kotak_mulai}} {{S-off}} {{Kotak_suksesi | kalungguhan = [[Mantri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia|Mantri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Indonésia]] |taun = 1949| pendahulu = [[Teuku Mohammad Hasan]]| pengganti = [[Abu Hanifah (mantri)|Abu Hanifah]]}} {{Kotak_suksesi | kalungguhan = [[Mantri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia|Mantri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Indonésia]] |taun = 1949 - 1950| pendahulu = [[Abu Hanifah (mantri)|Abu Hanifah]]| pengganti = [[Bahder Djohan]]}} {{Kotak_selesai}} {{Pahlawan Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Lair 1904]] [[Kategori:Pati 1959]] [[Kategori:Mantri Wiyata Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Pahlawan nasional Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Jawa]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Jawa Tengah]] {{indo-bio-stub}} h4z2sdvhu5yyyes6subg72p2h526avm Minions 0 127021 1760288 1746765 2026-11-06T11:50:51Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760288 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Minions (film) yellow logo.svg|jmpl]] Minions '''Minions''' inggih punika tokoh fiksi (uga boten nyata) ingkang didamel kaliyan studhio kartun Illumination Entertaintment saking nagari Amérikah Sarékat.<ref>[http://www.minionsmovie.com/minions.html Minions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917154312/http://www.minionsmovie.com/minions.html |date=2015-09-17 }}, Diwaos 15 September 2015.</ref>. Film kartun punika didamel kaliyan [[Brian Lynch]], déning filem kartun punika didamel kaliyan Pierre Coffin lan Kyle Balda, ing sajeroning [[Universal Studios]]. ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.minionsmovie.com/minions.html Laman kanthor resmi Minions ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917154312/http://www.minionsmovie.com/minions.html |date=2015-09-17 }} 12busdm45ovtkzpicicb5thkxazirna Dina Hangul 0 127316 1759910 1694834 2026-11-05T15:17:30Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kothakinfo riyaya |holiday_name = Dina Hangul |type = nasional |image = Hunmin jeong-eum.jpg |imagesize = 250px |caption = ''Hunmin Jeongeum Eonhae'' |official_name = Dina Hangul (한글날)<br/>Dina Chosŏn'gŭl (조선글날) |nickname = Dina Proklamasi Hangul<br/>Dina Aksara Koréa |observedby = Warga [[Koréa Lor]] karo [[Koréa Kidul]] |litcolor = |longtype = Nasional, budaya |significance = Mèngeti pangriptaning aksara Hangul |date = 9 Oktober (Koréa Kidul)<br/>15 Januari (Koréa Lor) |celebrations = |duration = 1 dina |frequency = Taunan |observances = |relatedto = }} '''Dina Aksara Koréa''', uga diarani '''Dina Hangul''' (한글날) ana ing [[Koréa Kidul]] utawa '''Dina Chosŏn'gŭl''' ana ing [[Koréa Lor]], iku dina nasional Koréa kanggo mèngeti pangriptaning [[Hangeul|aksara Hangul]] (한글; 조선글), ya iku aksara sing dienggo nulisaké [[basa Koréa]]. Aksara Hangul mono diripta déning ratuning Koréa abad kaping 15 aran Prabu Sejong Agung. Dina Hangul dipèngeti saben tanggal 9 Oktober ana ing [[Koréa Kidul]] lan saben tanggal 15 Januari ana ing [[Koréa Lor]]. Ing taun 2013, Dina Hangul dikukuhaké minangka dina prèi nasional ing Koréa Kidul.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.donga.com/3/all/20140717/65247364/1|title=7월 17일 제헌절, 법정 공휴일 폐지…한글날은 공휴일 재지정|last=digital team|first=dong-a dot com|date=2014-07-17|work=|access-date=|via=}}</ref> == Tanggal == === Koréa Kidul === Ana ing Koréa Kidul, dina gedhé iki diarani '''Dina Proklamasi Hangul '''utawa '''Dina Hangul '''lan dipèngeti saben tanggal 9 Oktober. === Koréa Lor === Ana ing [[Koréa Lor]], dina gedhé iki diarani '''Dina Chosŏn'gŭl''' lan dipèngeti saben tanggal 15 Januari. Tanggal iki kasil ngepasaké tanggal lawas 15 Januari 1444 (1443 ing pananggalan rembulan).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://modernseoul.org/2013/10/09/october-9th-is-hangul-day-%ed%95%9c%ea%b8%80%eb%82%a0/|title=October 9th is Hangul Day / 한글날|date=8 October 2013|access-date=24 November 2017|archive-date=17 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917223010/https://modernseoul.org/2013/10/09/october-9th-is-hangul-day-%ed%95%9c%ea%b8%80%eb%82%a0/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sajarah == Sadurungé aksara Hangul ana, wong-wong ing Koréa (ingaran wong Joseon dhèk kala samana) nulis nganggo aksara Cina Klasik lan aksara-aksara fonètis asli sing wis ana sadurungé aksara Hangul ana, kaya ta idu, hyangchal, gugyeol, lan gakpil.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aJfv8Iyd2m4C&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Asia's Orthographic Dilemma|last1=Hannas|first1=Wm C.|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=9780824818920|page=57|language=en|accessdate=20 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_CpZCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Multilingual Access and Services for Digital Collections|last1=Chen|first1=Jiangping|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781440839559|page=66|language=en|accessdate=20 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="phonetic">{{cite journal|date=1 January 2005|title=Invest Korea Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=00a2AAAAIAAJ|language=en|publisher=Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency|volume=Volume 23|accessdate=20 September 2016|quote=They later devised three different systems for writing Korean with Chinese characters: Hyangchal, Gukyeol and Idu. These systems were similar to those developed later in Japan and were probably used as models by the Japanese.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=1 July 2000|title=Korea Now|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAlWAAAAYAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22The+writing+systems%2C+called+%22idu%22+and+%22hyangchal%2C%22+existed+several+hundred+years+before+Hangul%22|language=en|publisher=Korea Herald|volume=Volume 29|accessdate=20 September 2016}}</ref> Nanging, amarga basa Koréa lan basa-basa Cina iku béda banget, lan ing aksara Cina akèh huruf sing kudu diapali, wong-wong cilik padha kangèlan nalika sinau nulis nganggo aksara Cina, apa déné padha ora kuwawa sekolah. Kanggo ngatasi masalah iku, Prabu Sejong ngripta aksara mirunggan sing saiki diarani Hangul supaya wong-wong padha bisa maca lan nulis.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VCqLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA54#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Concise History of the Language Sciences: From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists|last1=Koerner|first1=E. F. K.|last2=Asher|first2=R. E.|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9781483297545|page=54|language=en|accessdate=13 October 2016}}</ref> Miturut ''Sejong Sillok'' (세종실록;世宗實綠), Prabu Sejong mbiwarakaké pambabaré ''[[Hunminjeongeum|Hunmin Jéongéum]]'' (훈민정음;訓民正音), ya iku sawijining layang sing ngandharaké aksara rékan anyar. Duk nguni, jeneng aksarané padha karo jeneng layangé mau. Lelakon iku katindakaké ing wulan kaping sanga ing [[Pananggalan candra|pananggalan rembulan]] taun 1446. Ing taun 1926, Paguyuban Basa Koréa sing duwé ancas nguri-uri basa Koréa sing nalika iku ngalami Jepangisasi<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7keD_k8xg4EC&pg=PA321#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Sources of Korean Tradition: From the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries|last1=Lee|first1=Peter H.|last2=Bary|first2=William Theodore De|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=9780231120302|page=321|language=en|accessdate=3 October 2016}}</ref> mèngeti 480 taun ambal warsané aksara Hangul ing dina pungkasan wulan kaping sanga ing pananggalan rembulan, sing tiba ing tanggal 4 Novèmber ing [[Pananggalan Gregorian|pananggalan Grégorius]]. Warganing paguyuban mau mratélakaké yèn ing tanggal iku dina pèngetan "Gagyanal" (가갸날) pisanan digelar. Jeneng pèngetan mau dijupuk saka tembung "Gagyageul" (가갸글), ya iku aran lawas kanggo aksara Koréa sing dhedhasar larik kapisan ing déntawyanjananing aksara Hangul "ga gya geo gyeo" (가갸거겨). Jeneng dina pèngetan mau banjur diganti dadi "Hangullal" ing taun 1928 kanthi njupuk tembung "[[Hangeul|hangul]]" sing diripta ing taun 1913 déning Ju Si-gyeong. Jeneng sing kèri iki banjur dadi tetenger tumraping aksara Koréa, déné dina pèngetané lestari ditindakaké manut pananggalan rembulan. Nalika taun 1931, dina pèngetan mau dialihaké ing tanggal 29 Oktober manut pananggalan Grégorius. Sanajan ta mangkono, nalika taun 1934 ana panemu yèn [[pananggalan Julian|pananggalan Julius]] iku sing dienggo ing taun 1446. Mulané, tanggal pèngetané dialihaké manèh ing tanggal 28 Oktober. Rikala taun 1940, kupiya asli ''Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye'' ditemokaké''. Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye'' iku layang wedharan bab ''Hunmin Jeongeum'' sing dibabar ora suwé sawisé ''Hunmin Jeongeum'' dibabar''.'' Ing ''Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye,'' diandharaké yèn ''Hunmin Jéongéum'' iku dibiwara ing dalem sapuluh dina wiwitan (''sangsun''; [[Hangeul|상순]]; [[Hanja|上旬]]) ing wulan kaping sanga. Dina kaping sapuluh ing wulan kaping sanga ing pananggalan rembulan 1446 iku ngepasi tanggal 9 Oktober ing [[pananggalan Julian|pananggalan Julius]]. Sayasané pamréntahan [[Koréa Kidul]] ing taun 1945, Dina Hangul dikukuhaké minangka dina pèngetan resmi sing dipèngeti saben tanggal 9 Oktober, déné punggawa praja prèi ing dina iku. Pangusaha-pangusaha gedhé ndhesek pamaréntah Koréa Kidul supaya ngundhakaké cacahé dina kanggo ngambut gawé. Ing taun 1991, status dina Hangul minangka dina prèi dijabut kanggo minangkani Dina Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa. Sanadyan mangkono, Dina Hangul isih duwé status resmi minangka dina pèngetan nasional. Paguyuban Hangul banjur kampanye supaya statusé dibalèkaké, nanging ora patiya kasil. Ing tanggal 1 Novèmber 2012, paguyuban mau menang swara ing Parepatan Nasional, 189 swara katandhing 4 swara (mawa 4 sing abstèn) sing nyengkuyung pamulihé status Dina Hangul. Dudutané parepatan mau ndhesek pamréntahan Lee Myung Bak supaya ngukuhaké Dina Hangul minangka dina prèi nasional. Pandhesek mau banjur dituruti pamréntahan Lee Myung Bak lan owah-owahan dicakaké ing taun 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Starting Next Year, Rest on Hangeul Day (Korean: 내년부터 한글날 쉰다…22년만에 공휴일 재지정)|url = http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=103&oid=001&aid=0005920115|newspaper = [[Yonhap News]]|date = 7 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = Hangul Day a national holiday again (Korean: 직장인들'활짝 웃을'준비하시고~"클릭!")|url = http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2962067|newspaper = [[JoongAng Ilbo|Koréa Joongang Daily]]|date = 9 November 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214449/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2962067|archive-date = 3 March 2016|access-date = 9 October 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref> == Pèngetan == Ing taun 2009, ana ing pèngetan kaping 563 pangriptané aksara Koréa déning Prabu Sejong, reca prunggu Prabu Sejong Agung saka Joseon sing dhuwuré 6,2 mèter lan boboté 20 ton dikukuhaké ing Alun-Alun Gwanghwamun ing [[Seoul]].<ref>{{Cite news|title = Remembering Hangul|url = http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2910575|accessdate = 27 February 2013|newspaper = Joongang Daily|date = 26 September 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = Statue of King Sejong is unveiled|url = http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2911118|accessdate = 27 February 2013|newspaper = Joongang Daily|date = 10 October 2009}}</ref> == Uga delengen == * [[Hangeul|Aksara Koréa]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist|2}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/002529.html Dina Hangeul] ing [[Language Log]] [[Kategori:Basa Koréa]] gwn611e4akzcuevowjg30txc3lg7cyt Cas Alfonso 0 128628 1759888 1176249 2026-11-05T12:40:19Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkna}} {{Infobox penyanyi indonesia | name = Cas Alfonso | image = | imagesize = | caption = | Background = solo_singer | birthdate = {{birth date and age|1983|5|23}} | birthplace = {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Jakarta]], [[Indonésia]] | birthname = Alfoncius Dapot Parulian Nainggolan | othername = Cassanova Alfonso/Cas | deathdate = | deathplace = | genre = [[R&B]], [[Jazz]] | occupation = [[Penyanyi]] | instrument = | yearsactive = [[2006]] - saiki | label = [[Nyos Record]] | associatedacts = | influences = | influenced = | spouse = [[Rianti Cartwright]] | partner = | children = | parents = | website = | currentmembers = | pastmembers = }} '''Cassanova Alfonso'' sing duwèni asma jangkep '''Alfoncius Dapot Parulian Nainggolan''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]]|23|5|1983}}) iku sawijining penyanyi , paling dikenal minangka garwanipun aktris [[Rianti Cartwright]].<ref name="sumber1">[http://www.femina.co.id/waktu.senggang/selebritas/rianti.cas.tak.bisa.menahan.kangen/006/002/347 Rianti & Cas: Tak Bisa Menahan Kangen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030917/http://www.femina.co.id/waktu.senggang/selebritas/rianti.cas.tak.bisa.menahan.kangen/006/002/347 |date=2015-09-24 }}(diundhuh tanggal 30 September 2012)</ref> == Album == * ''[[Denganmu]]'' (2009) * ''[[Yang Terbaik]]'' (2010) == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/c/cas_alfonso/ Profil Cas Alfonso] * [https://twitter.com/casalfonso Official Twitter] == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} {{Artis}} [[Kategori:Lair 1983]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Aktor Indonésia]] f3cqa375zoxos5tmrdgeta2hij53coo ISBN 0 129697 1760035 1694363 2026-11-05T22:12:23Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760035 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ISBN''' ('''International Standard Book Number''') yaiku kodhe pangidhèntipikasi utawa tata baku katalogisasi indeks buku kang asipat unik.<ref name="isbn">{{cite web|url=http://isbn.perpusnas.go.id/Home/InfoIsbn|title=Info ISBN|last=|first=|date=|publisher=Perpusnas|accessdate=9 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112000321/http://isbn.perpusnas.go.id/Home/InfoIsbn|archive-date=12 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> ISBN lumrahé awujud 13 angka kang nggampangaké panggolèkan lan pamasaran buku.<ref name="isbn 2">{{cite web|url=http://nyonyabuku.com/cara-mudah-mengurus-isbn-buku/|title=Cara Mudah Mengurus ISBN Buku|last=|first=|date=|publisher=Nyonya Buku|accessdate=9 January 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205123059/http://nyonyabuku.com/cara-mudah-mengurus-isbn-buku|url-status=dead}}</ref> ISBN ngemot informasi bab irah-irahan, panerbit, lan golongan panerbit.<ref name="isbn" /> Amarga iku, antarané buku siji lan liyané bakal béda nomer ISBN.<ref name="isbn" /> ISBN diwènèhké saka [[Badan Internasional]] ing [[London]], néng [[Indonésia]] ISBN diwènèhké saka [[Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia]] RI.<ref name="isbn 2" /> ==Guna ISBN== ISBN duwé guna kanggo:<ref name="isbn" /> <br /> 1. Maringi idhèntitas kanggo salah sawiji irah-irahan buku kang diterbitake panerbit;<br /> 2. Mbiyantu ngalancaraké distribusi buku amarga kena nyegah klèru-klèru ing pamesenan buku;<br /> 3. Srana promosi kanggo panerbit amarga informasi pancantuman ISBN disebaraké saka [[Badan Nasional]] ISBN [[Indonésia]] ing [[Jakarta]], uga [[Badan Internasional]] kang ana ing [[London]]. ==Struktur ISBN== Nomer ISBN madeg saka 13 angka lan dikèki huruf ISBN nèng ngarepé.<ref name="isbn" /> Nomer iku madeg saka 5 pérangan.<ref name="isbn" /> Saben pérangan dicithak kanthi dipisah tandha [[hyphen]] (-).<ref name="isbn" /> Kelompok pambagéyan nomer ISBN ditemtokaké kanthi struktur kaya mangkéné:<ref name="isbn" /> tuladha : ISBN 978-602-8519-93-9 1. Angka pangenal produk terbitan buku saka EAN (Prefix identifier) = 978 <br /> 2. Kode kelompok (group identifier) = 602 (Default) <br /> 3. Kode panerbit (publisher prefix) = 8519 <br /> 4. Kode irah-irahan (title identifier) = 93 <br /> 5. Angka pamariksa (check digit) = 9 ==Terbitan kang dikèki ISBN== Terbitan-terbitan kang bisa dikèki ISBN, yaiku:<ref name="isbn" /> <br /> 1. Buku kacithak ([[monografi]]) lan [[pamphlet]]; <br /> 2. Terbitan [[Braille]]; <br /> 3. Buku [[péta]]; <br /> 4. [[Film]], [[vidéo]], lan [[transparansi]] kang asipat [[édukatif]]; <br /> 5. [[Audiobooks]] ana [[kasèt]], [[CD]], utawa [[DVD]]; <br /> 6. Terbitan [[èlèktronik]] (kaya ta machine-readable tapes, [[disket]], [[CD-ROM]] lan publikasi ing [[internèt]]); <br /> 7. Salinan [[digital]] saka cithakan [[monograf]]; <br /> 8. Terbitan [[microform]]; <br /> 9. [[Software]] [[édukatif]]; <br /> 10. [[Mixed-médhia]] publications kang ngemot tèks. Déné terbitan kang ora bisa dikeki ISBN, yaiku:<ref name="isbn" /> <br /> 1. Terbitan kang terbit kanthi tetep ([[kalawarta]], [[buku]], lsp.); <br /> 2. [[Iklan]]; <br /> 3. Printed music; <br /> 4. Dokumèn pribadi (kaya ta [[biodata]] utawa profil personal elektronik); <br /> 5. Kertu ucapan; <br /> 6. Rekaman musik; <br /> 7. [[Software]] saliyané kanggo [[édukasi]] kalebu [[game]]; <br /> 8. [[Buletin]] [[èlèktronik]]; <br /> 9. Surat [[èlèktronik]]; <br /> 10. Dolanan. ==Panyantuman ISBN== ISBN ditulis nganggo huruf cithak kang jelas lan gampang diwaca.<ref name="isbn" /> Singkatan ISBN ditulis nganggo huruf gedhé, ndhisiki panulisan angka pangenal golongan, pangenal panerbit, pangenal irah-irahan, lan angka pamariksa.<ref name="isbn" /> <br /> Kanggo terbitan cithak, ISBN dicantumké ing:<ref name="isbn" /> <br /> 1. Pérangan ngisor sampul mburi ([[back cover]]); <br /> 2. [[Verso]] (ing walike kaca irah-irahan) (kaca [[copyright]]); <br /> 3. Geger buku ([[spine]]) kanggo buku kandhel, nèk bisa. ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== *[http://isbn.perpusnas.go.id/ Laman kanggo dhaptar ISBN ing Perpusnas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822025219/https://isbn.perpusnas.go.id/ |date=2023-08-22 }} [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] [[Kategori:Kapustakan]] 10zuszst8hosshunhgva53hlltvm5do Mendhut 0 130309 1760278 1696559 2026-11-06T11:18:28Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kembangaké}} {{rapèkaké}} Méndut utawi mbél-mbél punika salah sawijining panganan asli [[Sala]]. Didamél saking glépung béras kanti isi gendis ugi kambil. saget dipunbungkus ngagém godhong gédang. Dipun suguhakén manawi wonten syukuran babaran utawi badhé ngédékakén nggriyo. Mendhut punika saget dipunparingi warna sakkersane tiyang ingkang ndamel.<ref name="masakkue">[http://www.masakkue.com/2013/02/kue-mendut.html.org mendut]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(Kaundhuh tanggal 17 februari 2016)</ref> ing ngandhap niki kula paringi resep manawi badhé ndamel mendhut. Ingkang kedah dipuncepakaken inggih punika glepung ketan sekawan atus gram, godhong pandan kaleh lembar, sagu satunggal atus gram, sarem alus setengah sendok ugi toyo anget, godhong gedang, sunduk sakcekape kémawon. Sak sampunipun nyiapaken sedaya piranti, punika wonten caranipun ndamel mendhut kang echo. Kaping satunggal, gendis abrit seprapat dipunpanasaken kanthi leleh, dipuntambah toyo, sarem, godhong pandan ugi kambil, dipunudeg nganti kelet ugi mateng, mendhut sampun saget dipunjunjung saking dandhang.<ref name="resepcaramasak">[http://resepcaramasak.com/cara-membuat-kue-mendut-enak-dan-lezat/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502172431/http://resepcaramasak.com/cara-membuat-kue-mendut-enak-dan-lezat/ |date=2016-05-02 }}(Kaundhuh tanggal 8 April 2016)</ref>. ketingalipun gampil, namung betah wekdal ingkang dangu milai ndamel ngantos matengipun. amargi mboten gampil punika wau, mendhut sakniki milai dipunlalekaken kaliyan piyantun jawi. piranti kadhos ketan, kambil ugi gendhis ingkang awis. amargi punika, namung sakedhik ingkang ndamel mendhut.<ref name="mendut-jajanan-tradisional-yang-hampir-cures">[http://www.kompasiana.com/maliamiruddin/mendut-jajanan-tradisional-yang-hampir-punah_54f82f67a333112a1f8b527c](Kaundhuh tanggal 8 April 2016)</ref>. == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.masakkue.com/2013/02/kue-mendut.html.org mendut]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, kaunduh dinten punika tanggal 17 Fèbruari 2016.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160502172431/http://resepcaramasak.com/cara-membuat-kue-mendut-enak-dan-lezat/], kaunduh dinten punika tanggal 8 April 2016.] * [http://www.kompasiana.com/maliamiruddin/mendut-jajanan-tradisional-yang-hampir-punah_54f82f67a333112a1f8b527c], kaunduh dinten punika tanggal 8 April 2016.] == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Indonésia]] ab2vkimpotvphe1affziqi3s1zwu5t3 Horison (kalawarti) 0 130366 1760032 1748252 2026-11-05T22:02:44Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760032 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Majalah Horison, hal. 1 (sampul depan), Juli 1966.png|jmpl|Horison 1966.]] {{judul miring}} '''''Horison''''' yaiku kalawarta nasional [[Indonésia]] sing mligi macak irah-irahan sastra Indonésia.<ref name="Horison">{{cite book|title=Ensiklopedia Sastra Indonesia Modern|editor=Dr. Dendy Sugono|year=2003|publisher=Remaja Rosdakarya Offset|location=Bandung|ISBN=979-692-283-5|page=131-133}}</ref> Kalawarta iki sepisanan babar ing sasi [[Juli]] [[1966]] ana [[Jakarta]].<ref name="Horison" /> Kalawarta iki didhegaké [[Mochtar Lubis]], [[P. K. Ojong]], [[Zaini]], [[Arief Budiman]], lan [[Taufiq Ismail]].<ref name="Horison" /> Pangrembakan [[sastra]] [[Indonesia]] bisa didheleng lumantar kalawarta iki.<ref name="Horison" /> Kawit sasi November 1996, Horison nambahi panggon apresiasi sastra kanggo siswa [[SMU]], [[Madrasah Aliyah]], lan [[Pesantren]], kang dijenengi [[Kakilangit]].<ref name="Horison" /><ref name="Majalah Horison">{{cite web|url=http://badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/lamanbahasa/petunjuk_praktis/579|title=Majalah Horison|accessdate=22 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405124540/http://badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/lamanbahasa/petunjuk_praktis/579|archive-date=5 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saliyané kuwi, kawit taun 1999, Horison uga nampilaké lembaran [[Mastera]] saben telu (3) sasi kang ngemot karya sastra saka telu (3) nagara [[ASEAN]].<ref name="Majalah Horison" /> Ing taun-taun purwané, kalawarta iki isih akèh ngemot karya sastra kang sinambungan karo kaanan pulitik wektu kuwi, kaya ta sajak-sajak demonstran lan karya-karya kang nentang zalimé kakuwasan otoritèr [[Orde Lawas]].<ref name="Horison 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/945/Horison|title=Horison|accessdate=12 March 2016|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803161953/http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/945/Horison|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nanging, lebar kuwi, thukul panganggit anyar kang akèh ing antarané asal saka perguruan tinggi, saéngga corak tulisan luwih angarah ing niyat panganyar.<ref name="Horison 1" /> Nganti taun [[1974]]-[[1975]], Horison kebak karo karya [[avant garde]] kang digarap [[Sutardji Calzoum Bachri]], [[Putu Wijaya]], [[Danarto]], [[Ikranegara]], [[Sides Sudyarto]].<ref name="Horison 1" /> Lebar kuwi, saya sethithik wong-wong kuwi metu, saèngga saya santer isu mrosoté mutu kalawarta kuwi.<ref name="Horison 1" /> Tahun 1966-1975, kalawarta iki ngalami jaman emas, amarga dadi siji-sijiné kalawarta sastra kang duwé wibawa.<ref name="Horison 1" /> Angger karangan diemot ing kalawarta iki, kaya-kaya banjur diaku sastrawan.<ref name="Horison 1" /> Kanthi cara mangkono, Horison sajatiné nampung thukulé générasi anyar angkatan sastra. Nanging, ing taun 1980-an, kalawarta iki wis ditinggal para penganggit iku.<ref name="Horison 1" /> Horison dadi fénoména anyar sastra Indonesia, amarga bisa urip nganti saiki lan isih nudhuhaké daya kanggo urip luwih suwé manèh.<ref name="Horison 1" /> Kalawarta kaya ngono lumrahé mung mampu urip siji (1) tekané papat (4) taun.<ref name="Horison 1" /> Kalawarti Horison wiwit mandheg terbit awujud cithak tanggal [[26]] [[Juli]] [[2016]].<ref name="H 2">{{cite web|url=https://m.tempo.co/read/news/2016/07/27/114790778/majalah-sastra-horison-beralih-ke-online|title=Majalah Sastra Horison Beralih ke Online|last=Ismail|first=Mustafa|date=27 July 2016|publisher=Tempo.co|accessdate=12 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="H 3">{{cite web|url=http://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/16/07/26/oawwqb330-majalah-sastra-horison-mulai-berhenti-naik-cetak|title=Majalah Sastra Horison Mulai Berhenti Naik Cetak|last=Risqi|first=Hasanul|date=26 July 2016|publisher=Republika.co.id|accessdate=12 August 2016}}</ref> Ganti rupa dadi kalawarti jroring (online).<ref name="H 2"/> Miturut Taufiq Ismail, béaya penerbitan cithak gedhé banget, uga maklumaké pangalihé cithak dadi jroring ora mung kedadèn ana Indonesia, nanging ana saindenging donya.<ref name="H 2"/> Horison Online wis disiapaké kawit [[2010]] déning akadhemisi sastra [[Melayu]], [[Amin Sweeney]].<ref name="H 2"/><ref name="H 3"/> Pemimpin rédhaksiné saiki ya iku [[Sastri Sunarti]].<ref name="H 2"/> ==Cathetan sikil== {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category|Majalah Horison}} *[http://horisononline.or.id/id/ Situs web Horison]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://www.academia.edu/5429839/PERAN_HORISON_SEBAGAI_MAJALAH_SASTRA Ulasan dening Puji Santosa ana Academia.edu] *[http://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/denny-ja-masuk-33-tokoh-sastra-redaktur-majalah-horison-mundur.html Laman web Merdeka.com] *[https://m.tempo.co/read/news/2016/07/27/114790778/majalah-sastra-horison-beralih-ke-online Laman web Tempo.co] *[http://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/16/07/26/oawwqb330-majalah-sastra-horison-mulai-berhenti-naik-cetak Laman web Republika] *[http://www.hidayatullah.com/berita/nasional/read/2016/07/27/98422/majalah-horison-berhenti-dicetak-taufiq-ismail-versi-online-lebih-baik.html Laman web Hidayatullah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730183944/http://www.hidayatullah.com/berita/nasional/read/2016/07/27/98422/majalah-horison-berhenti-dicetak-taufiq-ismail-versi-online-lebih-baik.html |date=2016-07-30 }} [[Kategori:Kalawarti]] [[Kategori:Kalawarti basa Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] 2zcg4p3m4vw3i5a9hui46ekzbns00zh Femina 0 130369 1759951 1674965 2026-11-05T17:40:46Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759951 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Femina''' ya iku kalawarta wadon kang dibabar PT. Gaya Favorit Press kawit 1972.<ref name="Femina">{{cite book|title=Ensiklopedia Sastra Indonesia Modern|editor=Dr. Dendy Sugono|year=2003|publisher=Remaja Rosdakarya Offset|location=Bandung|ISBN=979-692-283-5|page=}}</ref><ref name="Femina 0">{{cite web|url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/global-currents/femina-group-defending-turf|title=Femina Group, Defending Turf|last=Young|first=Robb|date=7 May 2014|work=|publisher=BoF|accessdate=11 August 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095050/http://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/global-currents/femina-group-defending-turf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Minangka kalawarta wadon kapisan ana ing [[Indonésia]], ''Femina'' dibabar ancas ngakomodhasi kabèh aspirasi wong wadon [[Indonésia]] supaya bisa ngoptimalaké potènsi tanpa kélangan jatining dhiri minangka wong wadon.<ref name="Femina" /><ref name="Femina 1"/> Kalawarta iki nyuguh manéka warna rembug bag uriping wong wadon modhèren [[Indonésia]].<ref name="Femina 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.feminagroup.com/médhia.kit/001/6|title=Femina Media Kit|accessdate=7 April 2016}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Minangka kalawarti kulawarga, Femina diperkirakaké duwé oplah paling dhuwur. Mauné kalawarti sasèn, wiwit 1973 dadi kalawarti rong minggunan, banjur taun 1980 dadi kalawarti minggon. Perintisan kalawarti iki diusahakaké déning Ny. Mirta Kartohadiprodjo, Atiek Makarim, lan Widarti Goenawan. Majalah iki ngemot:<ref name="Femina 1" /> <br/> 1. Fashion & beauty; <br/> 2. Culinary & living; <br/> 3. Self improvement, career & personal finance; <br/> 4. Health & fitness; <br/> 5. Relationship & sex. ==Cathetan sikil== {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.feminagroup.com/ Situs web Feminagroup] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306014437/http://www.feminagroup.com/ |date=2010-03-06 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160413052836/http://www.femina.co.id/ Situs web Femina] * [https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/global-currents/femina-group-defending-turf Laman web BoF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095050/http://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/global-currents/femina-group-defending-turf |date=2016-03-04 }} [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] telw3pvbtuud2yfjz8twbimzmfn3v4z Kajalon 0 130966 1760127 1759120 2026-11-06T03:34:47Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760127 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kajalon''' (kajaluan) utawa '''kalanangan''', uga sinebut '''kamaskulinan<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.suarakita.org/2013/12/maskulinitas-makna-dan-dampaknya-pada-konstruksi-jender-di-dalam-masyarakat-dan-lingkup-akademis/ |title=Apa iku maskulinitas |access-date=2016-04-01 |archive-date=2016-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404215534/http://www.suarakita.org/2013/12/maskulinitas-makna-dan-dampaknya-pada-konstruksi-jender-di-dalam-masyarakat-dan-lingkup-akademis/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>''' (maskulinitas) ya iku salah siji tataran sosial babagan pandangané masarakat kalebu hal sing sifaté kelanangan becik ketok saka pawakan <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lontar.ui.ac.id/file?file=digital/20298292-T30049-Representasi%20maskulinitas.pdf |title=Penelitian bab maskulinitas |access-date=2016-04-24 |archive-date=2022-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811211150/https://lontar.ui.ac.id/file?file=digital/20298292-T30049-Representasi%20maskulinitas.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> arepa sifaté. Konstruk iki timbul amarga siji pranata lan ditampa bareng kanggo masarakat akèh, ora namung ing nagara lagi misuwur kaya Indonésia. Nanging uga ing nagara maju prayogané [[Amérikah Sarékat]] lan liyané. Maskulinitas dhéwé duwé oposisi biner, ya iku [[feminitas]]. Ing pundhi-pundhi, becik kanthi konsèp utawa pun teks sakaroné padha bertolak buri siji karo sing liyané. Maskulinitas luwih condong nampilaké sisih-sisih sing lumrahé dipek saka para lanang, sak-warna sipat wani lanang, sipat tangguh lanang, wujud samubarang hal sing gayutané karo adegan fisik lan jupuk akèh tenaga. Uga samubarangé disandingkan karo siji garis abang duwé jeneng maskulin. ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == *[http://www.suarakita.org/2013/12/maskulinitas-makna-dan-dampaknya-pada-konstruksi-jender-di-dalam-masyarakat-dan-lingkup-akademis/ Apa iku maskulinitas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404215534/http://www.suarakita.org/2013/12/maskulinitas-makna-dan-dampaknya-pada-konstruksi-jender-di-dalam-masyarakat-dan-lingkup-akademis/ |date=2016-04-04 }} *[http://www.lakilakibaru.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/S281_Muhadjir-Darwin_Maskulinitas-Posisi-Laki-laki-dalam-Masyarakat-Patriarkis.pdf Maskulinitas ing masyarakat patriarkis] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20220811211150/https://lontar.ui.ac.id/file?file=digital/20298292-T30049-Representasi%20maskulinitas.pdf Penelitian bab maskulinitas] {{cite book | title = Negotiating Wealth and Desirability: Changing Expectations on Men in Post-Soviet Havana | first1 = Harkonen, | last1 = Heidi | year = 2013 | publisher = University of Helsinski | location = Finlan | ISBN = }} {{cite book | title = Dasar-dhasar Dhémografi | first1 = Kartomo | last1 = Wirosuhardjo | year = 1988 | publisher = Lembaga Dhémografi Fakultas Ékonomi UI | location = Jakarta | ISBN = }} [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] rji0z6f0uja0pohcd152g3h39lb6s01 Historiografi Indonésia 0 131222 1760028 1721207 2026-11-05T21:55:52Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760028 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fkm15.jpg|250px|thumb|Buku reperènsi bab Historiograpi Indonésia]] '''Historiografi Indonésia''' duwé arti panulisan sajarah indonesia, kalebu ing jerone métodhe lan panyedhakan kang dianggo para sejarawan. Pemeriksaan kanthi titi babagan panulisan sajarah indonesia duwé fokus ana ing narasi, interpretasi, panggunan bukti, utawa métodhe penyajian bukti saka sejarawan. Perkara iki diamargakne puser gatekan utama historiografi ya iku panulisan babagan kadadéan sajarah, warna-warna ilèn pamikiran lan interpretasi saputer kadadéan tertentu. Tafsiran kang digawé sejarawan kuwi bisa padha, bisa uga béda, tafsiran kuwi ngowah lan tumuwuh sadawa wayah, tergantung ana ing kerumitan kadadéan kang dikaji. Karya saben sejarawan unik amarga mangilonke aji, asumsi, kepentingan, lan kebisane. Perkara iki uga njalari anané pira-pira panulisan sajarah kang isih kontroversi kaya ta panggon kraton sriwijaya, pemrakarsa sidang umum 1 maret 1949 lan versi asli layang kongkon 11 maret (supersemar) panulisan sajarah indonesia wis dilakoke ket jaman kerajan kawak, singasari, lan kerajan majapahit. kanthi umum sajarah indonesia ngliwati telu fase perkembangan ya iku: historiografi tradhisional, hitoriografi kolonial, lan historiografi nasional. === a. Historiografi tradhisional === Fase historiografi tradhisional dianyak ket jaman kerajan hindu buddha nganti ana ing mlebune Islam ing indonesia. ana ing fase historiografi tradhisional panulisan sajarah kang dilakoke luwih ngrupakne èksprèsi budaya kanggo merekam kadadéan mangsa nuli. ==== Ciri-ciri historiografi tradhisional, yakni: ==== • Pura-sentris, duwé puser ana ing kekarepan lan kepentingan ratu. • Feodalis-aristokratis, tegesé berfokus ana ing kuripan kaum priyayi feodal, dudu kuripan rakyat. • Sebjektivitas dhuwur, amarga panulis mung nyatet kadadéan wigati ing kerajan lan dhuwur panjaluk sang ratu. • tujuane melegitimasi lan ngelanggengake kekuwasan lan kelinggihan sang ratu. • kokehan karya kesebut kuwat jero geneologi (silsilah) ning lemah jero kronologi lan detail biografis. • Lumrahé panulisane ora ing susun kanthi ilmiah, mawa seringkali datane campur dadi siji wetara unsur mitos lan realitas. warna-warna mitos lan legenda ing diarahake kanggo ngukuhake pangandel manawa ratu ora padha karo wong biyasa. • tuk data rekasa kanggo ing telusuri, bisa dadi sok sok mustahil kanggo ing buktekne. • Regio-sentris, tegesé akèh ing pengaruhi saka faktor budaya masarakat panggon naskah kesebut tinulis. contho historiografi tradhisional ya iku kitab bustanus salatin (cerita para ratu ing kerajan aceh), babad lemah jawi. === b. Historiografi kolonial === Hitoriografi kolonial ya iku panulisan sajarah indonesia sajrone mangsa penjajahan Walanda. Fokus mligi ya iku kuripan warga Walanda ing indonesia, sipat baku saka historiografi kolonial ya iku eropa-sentris utawa Walanda-sentris. sarehdene mligi ya iku kepentingan Walanda akèh panulisan babagan mungsuhan rakyat indonesia adhep Walanda duwé mungsuh karo keyekten sabenere. conthone mungsuhan pangeran diponegoro. saka sudut panulisan sajarah nasional pangeran diponegoro ya iku pahlawan, ning saka sudut panulisan sajarah kolonial pangeran diponegoro dianggep dadi pambrontak. === c. Historiografi nasional === Penulisan historiografi nasional dianyak ket mangsa kemerdekaan. Muhammad Yamin ya iku sawong tokoh kang ngeraekne babagan butuhe sajarah kang duwé gegayuhan lan tujuan indonesia-sentris kang dadi ciri kas historiografi nasional. Muhammad Yamin dhéwé nulis gajah mada, diponegoro lan 6000 taun sang abang putih. jero historiografi nasional, panulisan diarahake ana ing kepentingan bangsa indonesia, kajaba kuwi nginformasikaken babagan tokoh-tokoh obahan lan pahlawan pejuang kemerdekan dadi kanggonan sentral dadi bakal inspirasi. Lumrahé historionasional duwé pira-pira acuan: • Sajarah warna-warna bebrayan ing indonesia. • nggunakne warna-warna sumber kang ana, becik sumber tulisan, lésan, arepa bandha. • Objek pangluru kanthi titi duwé fokus ana ing pira-pira aspek kuripan kaya ékonomi, pulitik, sosial, lan budaya. ana ing mangsa iki laira karya-karya kang bisa ing kelompokan kejero hitoriografi nasional, conthone ya iku: • Biografi para pahlawan, kaya Teuku Umar, Imam Bonjol, lan Dipenogoro. • Sajarah mungsuhan adhep para penjajah, kaya perang padri, lan perang Diponegoro. • Biografi tokoh-tokoh obahan nasional, kaya Sutomo, Kartini, Abdul Rivai, lan Wahid Hasyim. == Pranala njaba == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20151210065846/http://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/9835/4/BAB%20III.pdf Latar wuri saka Historiograpi Indonésia] *[http://staff.uny.ac.id/sites/default/files/pendidikan/Danar%20Widiyanta,%20M.Hum./Perkembangan%20Histriografi%20modern%20Indo.pdf Bab Historiograpi Indonésia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329211050/http://staff.uny.ac.id/sites/default/files/pendidikan/Danar%20Widiyanta,%20M.Hum./Perkembangan%20Histriografi%20modern%20Indo.pdf |date=2017-03-29 }} [[Kategori:Sajarah Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] [[ar:علم التأريخ]] [[az:Tarixşünaslıq]] [[en:Historiography]] [[fi:Historiografia]] [[id:Historiografi]] [[ka:ისტორიოგრაფია]] 9710ffnpw3szio1zkeedq59ery3isiy Dodong Djiwapraja 0 132491 1759913 1730161 2026-11-05T15:27:38Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = Dodong Djiwapraja |image = |imagesize = |alt = |caption = |birth_name = |birth_date = [[25]] [[September]] [[1928]] |birth_place = Banyuresmi, [[Garut]], [[Jawa Kulon]] |death_date = |death_place = |nationality = |other_names = |known_for = |occupation = [[Penyair]] |religion = [[Islam]] |spouse = |children = |parents = }} '''Dodong Djiwapraja''' ya iku penyair.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} Dhèwèké lair ana Banyuresmi, [[Garut]], [[Jawa Kulon]] ing 25 September 1928.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} Dodong ya iku wong ahli ukum militèr kang pawiyatané lan dinasé ana militèr taunan kanthi dhisiplin ketat minangka anggota [[Angkatan Udara Republik Indonesia]] nganti pènsiun.<ref name="Dodong">{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/4021746/Estetika_Sastra_Sastrawan_dan_Negara|title=Estetika Sastra: Keindahan Merayap, Menyelinap, lalu Mengendap|last=Santosa|first=Puji|date=|work=|publisher=Academia.edu|accessdate=3 August 2016}}</ref> Kanthi gawan dhisiplin ngèlmu iku, samestiné Dodong dadi pengacara gigih mbéla hak kang beneré anggota militèr nalika ana ing ngarep pengadilan.<ref name="Dodong"/> Nanging, dhèwèké teteg ana pilihané, ngugemi, nresnani, lan ngregani karya sastra dadi penyaluran aspirasiné.<ref name="Dodong"/> ==Pawiyatan== Dodong miwiti pawiyatané saka SD nganti SMA ana [[Bandung]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} taun [[1951]]-[[1952]], dhèwèké mèlu pawiyatan ana Fakultas Sastra, [[Universitas Indonesia]], nanging ora tamat.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} Lumebu [[Akademi Hukum Militer]] nganti lulus taun [[1960]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} Banjur nèng [[Perguruan Tinggi Hukum Militer]] nganti éntuk gelar sarjana hukum taun [[1963]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} ==Pakaryan== Dodong naté ngasta ana Penerbit [[Pustaka Rakyat]] kang kabawah [[Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana]] taun [[1949]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} Ngasta minangka rédhaktur kalawarti [[akasa]] taun [[1950]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} Dadi perwira hukum ana Lanuma Husein Sastranegara, [[Bandung]] nganti pènsiun taun [[1976]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} Saurunge pènsiun, Dodong naté ngasta minangka guru SMA [[IPI]] [[Jakarta]] taun [[1953]]-[[1958]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} Anggota [[Komisi Istilah Seksi Penerbangan]] taun [[1951]]-[[1960]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} Anggota pangurus pléno [[BMKN]] taun [[1960]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} Minangka dhosèn luar biyasa Estetika ana Fakultas Sastra, [[Universitas Indonesia]] taun [[1962]]-[[1964]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}}{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=102}} Pungkasan, sawisé pènsiun, dhèwèké dadi dhosèn luar biyasa ana Fakultas Sastra, [[Universitas Padjadjaran]], [[Bandung]] taun [[1979]]-[[1985]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} ==Ana Donya Kasusastran== Kawit isih ana ing pawiyatan, uga sawisé, Dodong akèh gawé telaah lan panalitèn ana babagan kasusastran lan kabudayan, mligi kasusastran lan kabudayan [[Sunda]], kang naté diadani déning Proyek [[Sundanologi]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} dhèwèké uga naté urun ana panyusunan Ensiklopedi Kebudayaan Sunda kang diprakarsani [[Ajip Rosidi]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=101}} Dodong wiwit nulis geguritan kawit pungkasan [[1940]], pasè [[1948]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=102}} Geguritané, mligi kang ditulis taun [[1948]]-[[1972]], dipublikasikaké ing manéka kalawarti ana [[Indonesia]], antarané [[Mimbar Indonesia]], [[Gema Suasana]], [["Gelanggang" Siasat]], lan [[Budaja Djaja]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=102}} Déné geguritané kang mutakhir, antarané taun [[1973]]-[[1994]], diemot ana kalawarti [[Budaya Jaya]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=102}} Geguritané kang kasebar ana kalawarti kang mandheg terbit iku diklumpukaké lan diterbitaké awujud buku kang irah-irahan ''Kastalia'' karo [[Pustaka Jaya]] taun [[1997]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=102}} Geguritané, saliyané kasebar ana manéka kalawarti, uga diemot ana ''Gema Tanah Air'' taun [[1948]] susunané [[H. B. Jassin]], ''Laut Biru Langit Biru'' taun [[1977]] disunting déning [[Ajip Rosidi]], lan ''Tonggak'' taun [[1987]] kanti édhitor [[Linus Suryadi AG.]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=102}} ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} ==Bibliografi== {{refbegin}} *{{cite book |title = Ensiklopedia Sastra Indonesia Modern |first1 = |last1 = |editor = Dendy Sugono |year = 2003 |publisher = Remaja Rosdakarya |location = Bandung | ISBN = 979-692-283-5 }} {{refend}} == Pranala njaba == * http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/437/Dodong-Djiwapradja {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109021027/http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/437/Dodong-Djiwapradja |date=2017-11-09 }} Dodong Djiwapraja] Laman Jakarta.go.id. Diakses tanggal 25 Juli 2016. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190721124424/https://m2indonesia.com/tokoh/sastrawan/dodong-diwapradja.htm Laman web M2Indonesia] [[Kategori:Sastrawan]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] qrg0x7qp4oj6hkoh8v8g490acxiwasg Coraline (filem) 0 132598 1759893 1434135 2026-11-05T13:26:03Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759893 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Coraline.svg|200px|ka|jmpl|Logo filem ''Caroline'']] '''''Coraline''''' iku filem animasi stop-motion lan 3D Amerikah taun 2009 ajénre fantasi, horor, lan peteng. Filek iki dhedhasar novèl Neil Gaiman taun 2002 kang nunggal jeneng. Filem iki digawé Laika lan disebar Focus Features. Filem iki nggambaraké bocah wédok kang seneng mblayang nemu sana sampurna ing mburi lawang wadi sajrenoning omah. Coraline klilab yèn sana salinan mau ngamot wadi bleret lan wengis. Dianggit lan disutradarani Henry Selick, filem iki digawé kanthi palilah lan ékaprayané Gaiman.<ref name="WiredSav">{{Cite news|last=Savage|first=Annaliza|title=Gaiman Calls Coraline the Strangest Stop-Motion Film Ever|url=http://www.wired.com/underwire/2008/11/post-2/|work=Wired.com|publisher=Condé Nast Digital|accessdate=August 18, 2011|date=November 14, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726121032/http://www.wired.com/underwire/2008/11/post-2/|archive-date=July 26, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Coraline dibabar kanggo umum ing biyoskup Amerikah nalika 6 Fèbruari 2009. Sadurungé, filem iki wis digebyagaké ing Portland International Film Festival, lan éntuk panampa kritik.<ref name="Rotten Tomatoes">{{Cite web|title=''Coraline'' Movie Reviews, Pictures|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/coraline/|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=February 5, 2009|accessdate=February 10, 2009}}</ref> Filem iki ngéntukaké pikoléhan $16.85 yuta sajeroné wiwitan akir pekan lan dadi filem laris grad angka 3.<ref name="THRIntoYou">{{Cite news|last1=DiOrio|first1=Carl|title=Moviegoers into 'Into You'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/moviegoers-78959|accessdate=August 17, 2014|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 8, 2009}}</ref>  == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Filem 2019]] [[Kategori:Filem abasa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] a9n2wwba8mn8rrce7kkz4nl0znzg2aa Emilia Clarke 0 132786 1759937 1756496 2026-11-05T16:23:49Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759937 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emilia Isabelle Euphemia Rose Clarke'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/game-thrones-emilia-clarke-made-7836765|title=Game of Thrones Stars Earnings Revealed and Brit Emilia Clarke is Doing Well|last=Walker|first=Danny|date=26 April 2016|website=Daily Mirror|access-date=29 April 2016}}</ref> (lair ing tanggal 23 [[Oktober]] taun 1986,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/mebeforeyou/status/733769106869096448|title=@LANNISTERSPRIDE [my lucky number is] 23!! Ironically enough because it's my birthday.|first=Emilia|last=Clarke|publisher=[[Me Before You (filem)|Me Before You]] verified Twitter page|date=20 Mèi 2016|access-date=17 Juli 2016|archive-date=2016-07-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717150255/https://twitter.com/mebeforeyou/status/733769106869096448|url-status=dead}}</ref> utawa 1 Mèi taun 1987<ref name="biography.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/emilia-clarke|title=Emilia Clarke Biography: Actress (1987–)|website=[[Biography.com]] ([[FYI (TV network)|FYI]] / [[A&E Networks]])|access-date=17 Juli 2016|archive-date=5 Oktober 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005234714/http://www.biography.com/people/emilia-clarke|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tvg">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/emilia-clarke/bio/308947/|title=Emilia Clarke|website=[[TV Guide|TVGuide.com]]|access-date=17 Juli 2016|archive-date=6 Sèptèmber 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906055809/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/emilia-clarke/bio/308947/|url-status=dead}}</ref>) ya iku paraga wédok saka [[Inggris]]. Dhèwèké misuwur gara-gara dadi paraga Daenerys Targaryen ing sèri ''[[Game of Thrones]] saka [[HBO]] '', saka sèri iku dhèwèké nampa telung nominasi ing Emmy Award kanggo Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series ing taun 2013, 2015 lan 2016. Clarke miwiti debut pisanan ing Broadway ya iku ing produksi filem ''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' minangka paraga Holly Golightly ing wulan Maret atun 2013. Ing taun 2015, dhèwèké minangka paraga Sarah Connor ana ing filem ''Terminator Genisys'' lan ing taun 2016 dhèwèké dadi paraga ing filem romance ya iku ''Me Before You''. Ing taun 2015, Emilia Clarke dinobataké déning Esquire minangka wong wédok paling séksi  salawasé.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=The Gorgeous Balance of Emilia Clarke, Sexiest Woman Alive 2015|url=http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/interviews/a38719/emilia-clarke-swa-2015/|work=Esquire|date=13 Oktober 2015|access-date=2 Novèmber 2015}}</ref> == Wektu Nom == Clarke iku lair ana ing kutha [[London]], lan gedhé ana ing  Berkshire.<ref name="now">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nowmagazine.co.uk/tv-news/game-of-thrones-star-emilia-clarke-i-feel-just-like-khaleesi-in-real-life-4889|title=Game of Thrones star Emilia Clarke: I feel just like Khaleesi in real life|work=[[Now (UK magazine)|Now]]|access-date=10 Juli 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.toofab.com/2014/10/25/emilia-clarke-game-of-thrones-birthday-photos/|title=Emilia Clarke Celebrates 28th Birthday on 'Game of Thrones' Set – See Epic Cake!|work=tooFab|access-date=10 Juli 2015|archive-date=2019-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407203549/https://toofab.com/2014/10/25/emilia-clarke-game-of-thrones-birthday-photos/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hbo.com/game-of-thrones/cast-and-crew/daenerys-targaryen/bio/emilia-clarke.html|title=Actor Bio: Emilia Clarke|work=Game of Thrones: Cast and Crew|publisher=HBO|accessdate=21 April 2011|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728162730/http://www.hbo.com/game-of-thrones/cast-and-crew/daenerys-targaryen/bio/emilia-clarke.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bapaké Clarke makarya dadi sound engineer ing biyoskup.<ref name="Vogue">{{Cite news|url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/2015/06/emilia-clarke-interview-may-2015-issue|title=In Vogue: Emilia Clarke|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|date=15 Juni 2015|access-date=2 Novèmber 2015}}</ref> Dhèwèké duwé adi lanang.<ref name="The Guardian">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/oct/27/emilia-clarke-game-of-thrones-interview|title=Emilia Clarke Interview|date=27 Oktober 2013|access-date=30 Dhésèmber 2015}}</ref> Clarke kapincut ing akting wiwit umur telung taun sawisé ndelok musikal Show Boat sing panggonan bapaké makarya.<ref name="now"/> Clarke sekolah ana ing Rye St Antony School lan ing St Edward's School, Oxford.<ref name="SES">{{Cite web|url=http://www.stedwards.oxon.sch.uk/milly.html|title=OSE to star in new HBO drama|date=14 Fèbruari 2011|publisher=St Edward's School}}</ref> Clarke ketampa ing Drama Centre London, lan lulus ing taun 2009.<ref name="spotlight">{{Cite web|url=http://www.spotlight.com/7655-7861-0395|title=Spotlight: Emilia Clarke|access-date=27 Sèptèmber 2011|publisher=Spotlight}}</ref> == Urip pribadi == Ing Oktober taun 2015, Clarke manggon ana ing Hampstead, London.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Markovitz|first=Benjamin|url=http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/interviews/a38719/emilia-clarke-swa-2015/|title=The Gorgeous Balance of Emilia Clarke, Sexiest Woman Alive 2015|work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]|date=13 Oktober 2015|access-date=15 Oktober 2015}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Kategori:Lair 1986]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] [[Kategori:Hollywood]] q1bgehptlv1ivnh9s0zmvesbox9ahjr Gègèr sastra 1968 0 132816 1760008 1742699 2026-11-05T20:54:03Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760008 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gègèr Sastra 1968''' ya iku prastawa sepisanan karya kagunan ana [[Indonesia]] diadili ing pengadilan pidana.<ref name="Heboh">{{cite web|url=http://www.satuharapan.com/read-detail/read/pameran-sidang-hans-bague-heboh-sastra-1968|title=Pameran Sidang Hans Bague: Heboh Sastra 1968|last=Dwiana|first=Ignatius|date=2013|editor=Yan Chrisna Dwi Atmaja|work=|publisher=Satu Harapan|accessdate=8 August 2016|archive-date=26 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426032217/http://www.satuharapan.com/read-detail/read/pameran-sidang-hans-bague-heboh-sastra-1968|url-status=dead}}</ref> Prastawa iki mangkat saka diemoté cerkak ''Langit Makin Mendung'' karyané Ki Pandji Kusmin ing kalawarti Sastra ing Agustus [[1968]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=129}}<ref name="Heboh 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cirebontrust.com/heboh-sastra-1968-langit-makin-mendung-ki-pandji-kusmin.html|title=Heboh Sastra 1968 – “Langit Makin Mendung” Ki Pandji Kusmin|last=Noer|first=Nurdin M.|date=25 June 2016|work=|publisher=Cirebontrustcom|accessdate=8 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211210617/http://www.cirebontrust.com/heboh-sastra-1968-langit-makin-mendung-ki-pandji-kusmin.html|archive-date=11 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Heboh 2">{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/7686328/_2007_Heboh_Sastra_1968_Kontroversi_Cerpen_Langit_Makin_Mendung_karya_Kipandjikusmin_Telaah_Estetika_Resepsi_|title=Heboh Sastra 1968: Kontroversi Cerpen "Langit Makin Mendung" Karya Kipandjikusmin (Sebuah Telaah Estetika Resepsi)|last=Sarathan|first=Indra|date=2007|work=|publisher=Academia.edu|accessdate=8 August 2016}}</ref> [[Hans Bague Jassin]] minangka kepala kalawarti Sastra, nolak ngungkap jeneng asli panganggit cerkak kang isiné dianggep ngina Gusti iku.<ref name="Heboh"/><ref name="Heboh 2"/> Amarga iku, dhèwèké dikèki ukuman ora olèh nerbitaké apa waé kang mambu sastra sasuwéné setaun.<ref name="Heboh"/> Kasus iki banjur nuwuhaké pitakonan peran kritik kagunan kang dadi médhiator antarané publik karo seniman.<ref name="Heboh 1"/> Sajatiné cerkak iku ngritik [[Soekarno]] lan [[Partai Kuminis Indonesia]] (PKI).<ref name="Heboh 1"/> Nanging émané, imajinasiné kebablasen, saéngga dhèwèké dituding ngina [[Islam]].<ref name="Heboh 1"/>{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=131}} ==Prosés Perkara== Kejaksaan Tinggi Sumatra Utara ana Medan nyita kalawarti Sastra ing tanggal [[12]] [[Oktober]] [[1968]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=129}} Kajaba iku, kantor kalawarti Sastra ana Jakarta didemo déning saklumpukan wong.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=129}} Para pengarang lan seniman [[Jakarta]], sawisé éntuk warta saka [[Medan]] tanggal 12 Oktober 1968, nggawé pernyataan protés ngenani larangan perédharan kalawarti Sastra.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=129}} Kalawarti KAMI, tanggal [[14]] [[Oktober]] [[1968]], ana tajuk rencanané ngulas pelarangan iku.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=130}} Ana tajuké iku karan yèn kasusastran mung bisa tuwuh angger ana kamardikan nyipta; kasusastram bisa dadi kredil utawa mati yèn kamardikan diwatesi.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=130}} Tanggal [[22]] [[Oktober]] [[1968]], Ki Pandji Kusmin gawé layang njaluk pangapuraning pamaca kalawarti Sastra lan njipuk cerkaké kanthi ujar cerkak iku dianggep ora tau ana.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=130}} Dhèwèké ora maksud ngina Islam. mung péngin nggeguyu jaman pamaréntahané Soekarno.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=130}} Prosés pengadilan prakara iku ana Jakarta antarané taun [[1969]]-[[1970]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=130}} H. B. Jassin dicekel pulisi lan diadili ana 4 Fèbruari lan 11 Fèbruari 1970.<ref name="Heboh 1"/> Jaksa nuduh dhèwèké nglanggar Pasal 156 j.o. Pasal 55 ayat (1) sub c. KUHP.<ref name="Heboh 1"/> Tanggal 28 Oktober 1970, hakim nibakaké vonis.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=131}} H. B. Jassin ditibani ukuman setaun kunjara kanthi masa percobaan rong taun.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=131}} Pungkase, Heboh Sastra 1968 dadi salah sawijining bukuné H. B. Jassin kang terbit taun 1970.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=131}} Buku iku isi karangan Jassin karo rekaman pambelané ana prastawa sing marai gègèr iku.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=131}} ==Tanggepan== Saka kaum ulama iya ana tanggepan, antarané saka Mantri Agama Republik Indonesia lan [[Hamka]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=130}} Hamka ngrasa kesinggung lan nganggep panganggité gawé dosa gedhé lan patut dipatèni.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=131}} [[Bahrum Rangkuti]] ora sarujuk karo Hamka.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=131}} Dhèwèké ujar yèn kakarepan panganggité ya iku ngresiki Islam saka racun-racun [[Nasakom]].{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=131}} [[Achdiat Karta Mihardja]] duwé gagasan yèn nulis ing Indonesia durung duwé démokrasi, sing artiné apa waé dirembug blak-blakan lan toleransi.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=131}} Ngenani kalawarti Sastra, apike dirembug ing papan terbuka antarané sastrawan, ahli agama, ahli ukum, ahli ngèlmu jiwa, ahli pendhidhikan, ahli kemasyarakatan, lan ahli-ahli liyané supaya masarakat ngerti adheg-adhegé para ahli lan njipuk dudutan dhéwé-dhéwé.{{sfn|Dendy Sugono|2003|p=131}} ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} ==Bibliografi== {{refbegin}} *{{cite book |title = Ensiklopedia Sastra Indonesia Modern |first1 = |last1 = |editor = Dendy Sugono |year = 2003 |publisher = Remaja Rosdakarya |location = Bandung | ISBN = 979-692-283-5 }} {{refend}} == Pranala njaba == *[http://www.satuharapan.com/read-detail/read/pameran-sidang-hans-bague-heboh-sastra-1968 Laman web SatuHarapan.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426032217/http://www.satuharapan.com/read-detail/read/pameran-sidang-hans-bague-heboh-sastra-1968 |date=2017-04-26 }} *[https://www.academia.edu/7686328/_2007_Heboh_Sastra_1968_Kontroversi_Cerpen_Langit_Makin_Mendung_karya_Kipandjikusmin_Telaah_Estetika_Resepsi_ Skripsi Indra Sarathan ana laman Academia.edu] *[http://www.cirebontrust.com/heboh-sastra-1968-langit-makin-mendung-ki-pandji-kusmin.html Laman web cirebontrustcom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211210617/http://www.cirebontrust.com/heboh-sastra-1968-langit-makin-mendung-ki-pandji-kusmin.html |date=2017-02-11 }} *[http://www.langgamsp.com/2016/06/12/6579/heboh-sastra-agustus-1968/ Laman web Langgam Lembaran Budaya Sumut Pos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627125222/http://www.langgamsp.com/2016/06/12/6579/heboh-sastra-agustus-1968/ |date=2016-06-27 }} [[Kategori:Prastawa]] [[Kategori:Sastra]] [[Kategori:1968]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] hrpuow8vsovcx8ex1crleuqwuuqrfir Ky-Mani Marley 0 133021 1760218 1657325 2026-11-06T07:57:56Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760218 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Ky-mani Marley.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Ky-Mani Marley ndhik Uprising reggae festival taun 2013 ndhik Bratislava, Slowak]] '''Ky-Mani Marley''' iku penyanyi [[reggae]] lan piyambaké uga anaké ikon reggae [[Bob Marley]] sing lair ndhik [[Falmouth]], [[Jamaika]] tanggal 29 [[Fèbruari]] taun 1976.<ref name="Jason Ankeny">{{citeweb|url= http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ky-mani-mn0000089646/biography|title= Ky-Mani Marley|accessdate= 16 August 2016|publisher= www.allmusic.com}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jinis musiké ya iku [[Rap]], [[R&B]], lan [[Reggae]].<ref name="Jason Ankeny"/> Ibuké penyanyi reggae iki ya iku [[Anita Belnavis]].<ref name="Discogs">{{citeweb|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/96395-Kymani-Marley|title= Ky-Mani Marley|accessdate= 16 August 2016|publisher= www.discogs.com}}</ref> Ibuné uga tau menang ndhik kejuaraan tenis méja.<ref name="thehowardtheatre">{{citeweb|url=http://thehowardtheatre.com/show/2015/09/22/ky-mani-marley/|title=Ky-Mani Marley|accessdate=17 August 2016|publisher=www.thehowardtheatre.com|archive-date=5 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005043402/http://thehowardtheatre.com/show/2015/09/22/ky-mani-marley/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wektu ky-Mani umur 14 taun misanané nyeluk dhèwèkné Maestro. Jejuluk iku sing dadi sesirahé salah sijiné albumé dhèwèkné amarga bingung arep njenengi apa ndhik albumé.<ref name="Mia B">{{citeweb|url=http://www.vibe.com/2015/06/ky-mani-marley-maestro-interview/|title= Interview: Ky-Mani Marley On Carrying The Marley Gene And New Album ‘Maestro’|accessdate= 16 August 2016|publisher= www.vibe.com}}</ref> ==Karir== Ky-Mani narik perhatiané wong akèh amarga lagu sing judhulé [[Dear Dad]] muncaki tangga lagu ndhik [[Inggris]] taun 1998-an setaun sabanjuré dimeloki album sing irah-irahané [[Journey]].<ref name="Jason Ankeny"/> Ky-Mani tau main bareng karo artis lainé kaya ta [[Mya]], [[Beenie Man]], [[Young Buck]], [[Buju Banton]], [[Afu Ra]], [[Marcia Griffiths]], [[Alborosie]], lan [[Ms. Dynamite]].<ref name="hollywoodbowl">{{citeweb|url=http://www.hollywoodbowl.com/philpedia/ky-mani-marley|title=Ky-Mani Marley|accessdate=17 August 2016|publisher=www.hollywoodbowl.com|archive-date=19 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819185438/http://www.hollywoodbowl.com/philpedia/ky-mani-marley|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Cathetan suku== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Musik]] [[Kategori:Reggae]] [[Kategori:Jamaika]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] [[Kategori:Lair 1976]] lgol7a1wt5sr9ikg16qd67628j0n101 Let Me In (filem) 0 133134 1760236 1645670 2026-11-06T08:50:16Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760236 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Letmeinpremiere.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Chloë Grace Moretz (kiwa) minangka salah sijining lakon utama]] '''''Let Me In''''' iku filem Amérikah taun 2012 ajénre horor lan cinta<ref><cite class="citation news">Olsen, Mark (March 9, 2010). </cite></ref> sing dianggit lan disutradarani Matt Reeves. Kanthi lakon Kodi Smit-McPhee, [[Chloë Grace Moretz]], Elias Koteas, lan Richard Jenkins. Filem iki minangka gawéan ulang filem Swèdhen mawa judhul ''Let the Right One In'' (2008).<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=66529 "American Film Institute: Let Me In"].</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALet+Me+In+%28filem%29&rft.btitle=American+Film+Institute%3A+Let+Me+In&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2Fmembers%2Fcatalog%2FDetailView.aspx%3Fs%3D%26Movie%3D66529&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span></ref> ''Let Me In'' nyaritaké bocah lanang umur 12 sing asring dibencèt. Bocah lanang mau kekancan mawa vampir cilik wedhok ing Los Alamos, New Mexico nalika wiwitan taun 1980. ''Let Me In'' digebyagaké ing Toronto Film Festival nalika 13 September 2010, lan dibabar ing lor Amérikah kala 1 Oktober 2010. Filem iki dadi filem laris lan éntuk pikolehan $24 yuta ing sakubenging donya. ''Let Me In'' dibabar kanthi wujud [[DVD]] lan Blu-ray ing lor Amérikah nalika 1 Fèbruari 2011, lan ing Inggris nalika 14 Maret 2011. === Prosès panjupukan gambar === ''Principal photography'' ngawit panjupukan gambar ing Albuquerque, New Mexico nalika 2 November 2009.<ref name="dread"><cite class="citation web">Barton, Steve (November 2, 2009). </cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation web">Rottenberg, Josh (November 2, 2009). </cite></ref> Prosès iki diayahi ing sawenèh sasana New Mexico sadurung mungkasani ing Albuquerque nalika Januari 2010.<ref name="dread"/><ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.losalamosnm.us/news/Pages/LetMeInFilmingWrapsUpThisWeek.aspx "'Let Me In' Filming Wraps Up This Week"]. </cite></ref> Akèh pérangan sing dijupuk gambaré ing SMA Los Alamos, Los Alamos, New Mexico. Los Alamos County éntuk papinta saka sutradara filem nedyo njenengi kutha ing filem "Los Alamos, New Mexico." Pulisi lokal minjemaké seragam mawa gagrag taun 1980 lan mobil patroli saperlu kabutuhan jupuk gambar. Luwih saka 100 mudha-mudhi lokal diajak bantu ing filem iki.<ref name="lamonitor"><cite class="citation news">[http://www.lcni5.com/cgi-bin/c2.cgi?075+article+News+20091219185059075075004 "Hollywood comes to Los Alamos High School"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330060135/http://www.lcni5.com/cgi-bin/c2.cgi?075+article+News+20091219185059075075004 |date=2022-03-30 }}. </cite></ref> == Réferènsi == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Kategori:Filem 2010]] [[Kategori:Film Britania Raya]] [[Kategori:Filem abasa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] a3e7p6a08ogtk57qepy4jqreho3373a Eduard Douwes Dekker 0 133175 1759926 1741986 2026-11-05T16:02:18Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Writer |name = Eduard Douwes Dekker |image = Eduard Douwes Dekker - 001.jpg |caption = Eduard Douwes Dekker |birth_date = {{birth date|1820|3|2|mf=y}} |birth_place = {{flagicon|Belanda}} [[Amsterdam]], [[Belanda]] |nationality = {{flag|Belanda}} |death_date = {{death date and age|1887|2|19|1820|3|2}} |death_place = {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Ingelheim am Rhein]], [[Jerman]] |occupation = [[juru tulis]], [[dramawan]] |genre = |movement = |parents = Engel Douwes Dekker <br/> Sietske Eeltjes Klein |spouse = |children = |influences = |influenced = |religion = |awards = |signature = }} '''Eduard Douwes Dekker''' (utawa Multatuli, jeneng pènané) ya iku pegawé [[Landa]] uga sastrawan.<ref name="EDD wwh">{{cite web|url=http://what-when-how.com/western-colonialism/multatuli-eduard-douwes-dekker-western-colonialism/|title=MULTATULI (EDUARD DOUWES DEKKER) (Western Colonialism)|last=|first=|date=|work=|publisher=what-when-how.com|accessdate=22 August 2016|archive-date=9 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209141143/http://what-when-how.com/western-colonialism/multatuli-eduard-douwes-dekker-western-colonialism/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dhèwèké lair ana [[Amsterdam]] ing [[2]] [[Maret]] [[1820]] lan séda ana Nieder-Ingelheim, [[Jerman]], ing [[19]] [[Fèbruari]] [[1887]].<ref name="EDD sh">{{cite web|url=https://socialhistory.org/bwsa/biografie/douwes-dekker|title=DOUWES DEKKER, Eduard|last=Welcker|first=Johanna M.|date=|work=BWSA|publisher=socialhistory.org|accessdate=22 August 2016|archive-date=9 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209090629/https://socialhistory.org/bwsa/biografie/douwes-dekker|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dekker makarya ana pamaréntah kolonial Landa ana [[Batavia]] (saiki [[Jakarta]]) ing [[1839]].<ref name="EDD sh"/> Bapaké asma [[Engel Douwes Dekker]], kaptèn pedagang laut.<ref name="EDD sh"/> Ibuneé asma [[Sietske Eeltjes Klein]].<ref name="EDD sh"/> Dhèwèké mbojo karo [[Everdine Hubertine van Wijnbergen]] ing [[10]] [[April]] [[1846]]; banjur duwé anak, siji wadon, siji lanang.<ref name="EDD sh"/> Lebar Everdina séda ana [[Venesia]] ing [[13]] [[September]] [[1874]], dhèwèké mbojo karo [[Maria Frederika Cornelia Hamminck Schepel]] (Mimi utawa Mies) ing [[1]] [[April]] [[1875]].<ref name="EDD sh"/> Mimi ya iku guru, uga juru tulis kanthi jeneng Heloïze.<ref name="EDD sh"/> Nganggo jeneng Multatuli, Dekker akèh nguncal kritik ngenani masarakat Landa ing abad sangalas.<ref name="EDD sh"/> Dhèwèké kondhang ana tingkat internasional minangka juru tulis, dhèwèké dadi wong Landa "kinurmatan" ing jaman kontroversialé.<ref name="EDD sh"/> Dhèwèké duwé prabawa gedhé kanggo wong kang aktip ana owahan buruh lan wadon kang nuntut émansipasi.<ref name="EDD sh"/> Roman ''Max Havelaar'' terbit sepisanan ana Amsterdam ing [[15]] [[Mèi]] [[1860]].<ref name="EDD h-id">{{cite web|url=http://historia.id/persona/gugatan-eduard-douwes-dekker|title=Gugatan Eduard Douwes Dekker|last=Triyana|first=Bonnie|date=4 April 2010|work=|publisher=historia.id|accessdate=23 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531140952/http://historia.id/persona/gugatan-eduard-douwes-dekker|archive-date=31 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Roman iku acorak satir pulitik, dianggit déning Eduard Douwes Dekker nganggo jeneng Multatuli.<ref name="EDD h-id"/> Dhèwèké dadi kondhang amarga nudhuhaké kasunyatan urip masarakat [[Lebak]] kang kéré ana tengahing kolonialisme kang ngeruk untung saka nagari jajahan.<ref name="EDD h-id"/> Ora suwé lebar terbit, ''Max Havelaar'' dadi bahan kanggo nyerang kebijakan pamaréntah kolonial Landa ana [[Hindia Belanda]].<ref name="EDD h-id"/> Éntuk inspirasi saka ''Max Havelaar'', [[Robert Fruin]] nulis artikel ngenani kuwajibaning pamaréntah kolonial kanggo ngunggahaké taraf uripé warga jajahan.<ref name="EDD h-id"/> Tulisané Fruin ngaruh-aruhi tokoh-tokoh Landa ana Hindia Belanda kang nggagas pulitik ètis kaya ta [[Van Deventer]] lan [[Pieter Brooshooft]].<ref name="EDD h-id"/> ==Cathetan suku== {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == *[http://what-when-how.com/western-colonialism/multatuli-eduard-douwes-dekker-western-colonialism/ Laman web what-when-how.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209141143/http://what-when-how.com/western-colonialism/multatuli-eduard-douwes-dekker-western-colonialism/ |date=2016-12-09 }} *[https://socialhistory.org/bwsa/biografie/douwes-dekker Laman web BWSA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209090629/https://socialhistory.org/bwsa/biografie/douwes-dekker |date=2021-02-09 }} *[http://historia.id/persona/gugatan-eduard-douwes-dekker Laman web Historia.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531140952/http://historia.id/persona/gugatan-eduard-douwes-dekker |date=2016-05-31 }} *[http://historiek.net/multatuli-schrijver-max-havelaar/6226/ Laman web Historiek.net] *[http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Schepel Maria Frederika ana laman web resources.huygens.knaw.nl] [[Kategori:Sastrawan]] [[Kategori:Lair 1820]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] 0dknmfau654h6zgl280ledofdab8mew Kebon Raja Magdeburg 0 133233 1760152 1674570 2026-11-06T04:52:31Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | lat_deg = 52 |lat_min = 8 | lat_sec=0 | lon_deg = 11 |lon_min = 37 | lon_sec=0 |image_photo= Elbauenpark seebuehne.JPG | size = 280 | spacing = 2 | color = #FFFFFFu | border = 0 | foot_montage = {{nobreak|From top: [[Cathedral of Magdeburg]],}}<br> Kloster Unserer Lieben Frauen,<br>Green Citade of Magdeburg and [[Landtag of Sachsen-Anhalt]], Interior of [[Jahrtausendturm]]}} | state = Sachsen-Anhalt | district = Kreisfreie Stadt | elevation = 43 | area = 200.95 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15003000 | population = 231021 | Stand = 2014-01-01 | pop_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.statistik.sachsen-anhalt.de/gk/statistik/gem/s/g.15003000.chart.html |title=Kaca laman statistik pengunjung saka Magdeburg |access-date=2016-09-06 |archive-date=2007-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930235458/http://www.statistik.sachsen-anhalt.de/gk/statistik/gem/s/g.15003000.chart.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | postal_code = 39104–39130 | area_code = 0391 | licence = MD | divisions = 40 boroughs | Adresse = Alter Markt 6<br />39104 Magdeburg | website = [http://www.magdeburg.de/index.php?La=2 www.magdeburg.de] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217033225/http://magdeburg.de/index.php?La=2 |date=2015-02-17 }} | mayor = Lutz Trümper | Bürgermeistertitel= Oberbürgermeister }} '''Kebon Raja Magdeburg''' iku salah sijiné papan pariwisata lan panggon tangkar kéwan ana ing kutha [[Magdeburg]], ana ing nagara [[Jerman]]. Kutha Magdeburg iku ngadeg ana ing sisih loe-wétan ana ing nagara Jerman. Kebon raja iki saged ditindhaki saben dina, amarga ing kaca informasiné maringi warta bab buka saben dina utawa 365 dina buka <ref name="labuhbuka">{{Cite web |url=http://www.zoo-magdeburg.de/service/preise-oeffnungszeiten.html |title=Magdeburg Zoo |access-date=2016-08-24 |archive-date=2016-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820213237/http://www.zoo-magdeburg.de/service/preise-oeffnungszeiten.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Ana rupa-rupa rega tiket lumebu ing kebon raja iki<ref name="labuhbuka" />. Magdeburg iku kutha sing ana ing dhaerah iklim atis utawa adem. Hal mau iku uga maringi prabawa bab koleksi kéwan ana ing kebon raja mau. Salah sawiji tuladha koleksi kéwan ana ing kana ya iku [[ruffed lemur]] karo [[bruwang]]. == Cathetan sikil == <references /> == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.zoo-magdeburg.de/service/preise-oeffnungszeiten.html Laman wèbsite saka Magdeburg Zoo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820213237/http://www.zoo-magdeburg.de/service/preise-oeffnungszeiten.html |date=2016-08-20 }} * [http://www.magdeburg-tourist.de/Start/Tourismus-Freizeit/Freizeit/Zoo-Magdeburg Pariwisata ing Magdeburg] * [https://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/ShowUserReviews-g187406-d3827180-r349378528-Zoologischer_Garten_Magdeburg-Magdeburg_Saxony_Anhalt.html Kaca tumbas tiket online kanggo Magdeburg Zoo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190721235548/https://www.ratswaage.de/magdeburg-261/the-magdeburger-zoo/ Kaca informasi saka Magdeburg Zoo] == Kaca wacanan lajèng == * [[Pratélan Kebon Raja]] [[Kategori:Papan wisata kutha Magdeburg]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] 7itrd1plg4ero210cxspvcbj7yv556c Joao Mario 0 133300 1760073 1656654 2026-11-06T00:28:49Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = João Mário | image = João Mário 2019.jpg | image_size = | caption = João Mário with [[FC Lokomotiv Moscow|Lokomotiv Moscow]] in 2019 | fullname = João Mário Naval da Costa Eduardo<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/612828|title=Updated squads for 2017/18 Premier League confirmed|publisher=[[Premier League]]|date=2 February 2018|access-date=18 February 2018}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|1|19|df=y}}<ref name=Bio>{{cite web|url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/joao-mario/sporting/1576-0-18174|title=João Mário|publisher=Mais Futebol|language=pt|access-date=24 July 2020}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Porto]], Portugal<ref name=Bio/> | height = 1.73 m<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0985/joao-mario|title=Joao Mario|access-date=25 October 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505144942/https://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0985/joao-mario|archive-date=5 May 2019}}</ref> | position = [[Midfielder]] | currentclub = [[Sporting CP]]<br>(on loan from [[Inter Milan]]) | clubnumber = 17 | youthyears1 = 2002–2004 | youthclubs1 = [[FC Porto|Porto]] | youthyears2 = 2004–2012 | youthclubs2 = [[Sporting CP]] | years1 = 2011–2016 | clubs1 = [[Sporting CP]] | caps1 = 65 | goals1 = 11 | years2 = 2012–2013 | clubs2 = [[Sporting CP B]] | caps2 = 44 | goals2 = 2 | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = → [[Vitória F.C.|Vitória Setúbal]] (loan) | caps3 = 15 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2016– | clubs4 = [[Inter Milan]] | caps4 = 64 | goals4 = 4 | years5 = 2018 | clubs5 = → [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] (loan) | caps5 = 13 | goals5 = 2 | years6 = 2019–2020 | clubs6 = → [[FC Lokomotiv Moscow|Lokomotiv Moscow]] (loan) | caps6 = 18 | goals6 = 1 | years7 = 2020– | clubs7 = → [[Sporting CP]] (loan) | caps7 = 8 | goals7 = 1 | nationalyears1 = 2007–2008 | nationalteam1 = Portugal U15 | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2008–2009 | nationalteam2 = [[Portugal national under-16 football team|Portugal U16]] | nationalcaps2 = 9 | nationalgoals2 = 3 | nationalyears3 = 2009–2010 | nationalteam3 = [[Portugal national under-17 football team|Portugal U17]] | nationalcaps3 = 17 | nationalgoals3 = 4 | nationalyears4 = 2010–2011 | nationalteam4 = [[Portugal national under-18 football team|Portugal U18]] | nationalcaps4 = 9 | nationalgoals4 = 1 | nationalyears5 = 2010–2012 | nationalteam5 = [[Portugal national under-19 football team|Portugal U19]] | nationalcaps5 = 17 | nationalgoals5 = 2 | nationalyears6 = 2012–2013 | nationalteam6 = [[Portugal national under-20 football team|Portugal U20]] | nationalcaps6 = 14 | nationalgoals6 = 1 |nationalyears7 = 2013–2015 | nationalteam7 = [[Portugal national under-21 football team|Portugal U21]] | nationalcaps7 = 13 | nationalgoals7 = 3 | nationalyears8 = 2014– | nationalteam8 = [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] | nationalcaps8 = 45 | nationalgoals8 = 2 | club-update = 27 December 2020 | nationalteam-update = 14 October 2019 | medaltemplates = {{Medal|Sport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{medal|Country|{{fb|POR}}}} {{Medal|Comp|[[UEFA European Championship]]|}} {{Medal|W|[[UEFA Euro 2016|2016 France]]|}} {{Medal|Competition|[[UEFA European Under-21 Championship]]|}} {{Medal|Runner-up|[[2015 UEFA European Under-21 Championship|2015 Czech Republic]]|}} }}[[File:João Mário 2019.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Joao Mario ing klub FC Lokomotiv Moscow]] '''Joao Mario''' iku juru main [[bal-balan]] sing nduwé jeneng dawa ya iku Joao Mario Eduardo Naval Costa.<ref name="www.goal.com">{{cite web| url= http://www.goal.com/id-ID/people/portugal/62394/joao-mario/national|title=Joao Mario| accessdate= 27 August 2016|publisher= www.goal.com}}</ref> Pemain sing dhuwuré 178&nbsp;cm iku lair ndhik [[Portugal]] tanggal 19 [[Januari]] 1993.<ref name="www.goal.com"/> Piyambaké main ndhik posisi juru main tengah.<ref name="www.goal.com"/> Ndèk [[Piala Éropah]] taun 2016 sing ana ing [[Perancis]] piyambaké nggawé kaos sing nomeré 10.<ref name="Aun Rahman">{{cite web| url= http://panditfootball.com/cerita/205621/lima-pemuda-yang-mencuri-perhatian-di-piala-eropa-2016|title=Lima Pemuda yang Mencuri Perhatian di Piala Éropah 2016| accessdate= 27 August 2016|publisher= www.panditfootball.com}}</ref> Nanging piyamabké ora tampil canggung karo nomer sing tau digawé [[Rui Costa]], [[Deco]], lan [[Joao Moutinho]] iku.<ref name="Aun Rahman"/> Piyambaké ndhik kompetisi iku tampil apik kaya juru main sing wis nduwè pengalaman.<ref name="Aun Rahman"/> Piyambaké main ndhik mburiné juru main bintang kaya ta [[Nani]] lan [[Cristiano Ronaldo]].<ref name="Aun Rahman"/> Sakdawané turnamen piyambaké dadi juru main sing paling akèh mènèhi operan kunci kanggo [[Portugal]] ya iku sangang operan kunci.<ref name="Aun Rahman"/> ==Kariré== 2016/2017 [[Sporting CP]]<ref name="www.flashscore.co.id">{{cite web| url= http://www.flashscore.co.id/pemain/mario-joao/QLI33Ipl/| title= Joao Mario| accessdate= 27 August 2016| publisher= www.flashscore.co.id| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190716184911/https://www.flashscore.co.id/pemain/mario-joao/QLI33Ipl/| archive-date= 16 July 2019| url-status= dead}}</ref> 2015/2016 [[Sporting CP]]<ref name="www.flashscore.co.id"/> 2014/2015 [[Sporting CP]]<ref name="www.flashscore.co.id"/> 2013/2014 Setubal<ref name="www.flashscore.co.id"/> 2013/2014 Sporting B<ref name="www.flashscore.co.id"/> 2012/2013 Sporting B<ref name="www.flashscore.co.id"/> ==Cathetan suku== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Portugal]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] qohav9vsmy7tu5az3lenapbn29j3zmu Commodore 64 0 133433 1759892 1641678 2026-11-05T13:18:30Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox information appliance |image = [[Gambar:Commodore-64-Computer-FL.png|300px|Hardware]] |type = [[Komputer omah]] |discontinued = {{End date and age|1994|04}} |os = {{nowrap|Commodore [[KERNAL]]}}/<br />{{nowrap|[[Commodore BASIC]] 2.0}}<br />{{nowrap|[[GEOS (8-bit operating system)|GEOS]] (optionally)}} |cpu = [[MOS Technology 6510]]/[[MOS Technology 8500|8500]] <br /> @ {{nowrap|1.023 MHz}} ([[National Television System Committee|NTSC]] version)<br /> @ {{nowrap|0.985 MHz}} ([[Phase Alternating Line|PAL]] version) |memory = {{nowrap|64 [[kilobyte|kB]] [[random-access memory|RAM]]}} + {{nowrap|20 kB [[read-only memory|ROM]]}} |graphics = [[MOS Technology VIC-II|VIC-II]] ({{nowrap|320 × 200}}, {{nowrap|16 warna}}, [[sprite (grafik komputer)|sprite]], {{nowrap|[[raster interrupt]]}}) |sound = [[MOS Technology SID|SID 6581]] ({{nowrap|3× [[electronic oscillator|osc]]}}, {{nowrap|4× [[waveform|wave]]}}, [[electronic filter|filter]], [[ADSR envelope|ADSR]], [[ring modulation|ring]])<!-- Tried to keep it short --> |connectivity = {{nowrap|2× [[MOS Technology 6526|CIA 6526]] [[joystick]]}}, [[#I/O ports and power supply|Power]], [[ROM cartridge]], [[RF modulator|RF]], [[S-Video|A/V]], {{nowrap|[[Commodore bus|CBM-488]] [[Commodore 1541|floppy]]-[[Commodore 1526|printer]]}}, {{nowrap|[[Commodore Datassette|digital tape]]}}, [[General Purpose Input/Output|GPIO]]/[[RS-232]] |predecessor = [[Commodore VIC-20]]<br />[[Commodore MAX Machine]] |successor = [[Commodore 128]]<br />[[Commodore 16]] |introduced = Januari 1982 |releasedate = Agutus 1982<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pcmuseum.ca/Brochures/WOCProgram.pdf |title=World of Commodore Brochure (1983) |access-date=2016-08-28 |archive-date=2019-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314044922/https://pcmuseum.ca/Brochures/WOCProgram.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="computerhistory1982">[http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Commodore/Commodore.Commodore64.1982.102646264.pdf July 1982 Commodore brochure]</ref> |unitssold = 12,5<ref name="PageTable">{{cite web|url=http://www.pagetable.com/?p=547|title=How many Commodore 64 computers were sold?|accessdate=February 1, 2011}}</ref> – 17<ref name="Reimer1">{{cite web|url= http://www.jeremyreimer.com/total_share.html|title=Personal Computer Market Share: 1975–2004|last= Reimer|first=Jeremy|accessdate=July 17, 2009}}</ref> yuta |price = {{USD|595}} ($1.481,25 ing taun 2016) }} '''Commodore 64''' iku jeneng sawijining komputer omah 8-bit sing tau diprodhuksi ing dasawarsa 1980-an lan 1990-an awal. Jeneng komputer iki uga kerep dicekak minangka C64, C-64, CBM 64 utawa VIC-64 ing Swédia. Komputer iki dilansir ing sasi Januari 1982 déning Commodore International lan nganti saiki kacathet minangka modèl komputer sing paling akèh payu. Prakiran kapayoné antara 10 nganti 17 yuta unit. Produksi volume diwiwiti ing awaling taun 1982, kanthi ngrilis komputer ing pasar nalika sasi Agustus mawa rega AS$ 595 (kurang luwih AS$ 1.481,25 ing taun 2016). Komputer iki didisiki déning Commodore VIC-20 lan Commodore PET, sarta jenengé dijupuk saka kapasitas mémoriné sing gedhéné 64 kilobyte (65.536 byte) RAM. C64 ndarbèni spésifikasi swara lan gambar sing unggul yèn dipadhakaké karo komputer awal liyané kaya ta [[Apple II]] lan [[Atari 800]], déné ''sprites'' sing manékawarna lan prosèsor swara sing luwih mutakir. C64 ndominasi pasaran ngisor komputer ing saakèhé dasawarsa 1980-an. Kanggo sawatara wektu sing suwé (1983-1986), C64 nduwé pérangan 30% nganti 40% saka pasaran komputer [[Amérikah Sarékat]] lan satauné punjul rong yuta unit komputer payu didol. Dadi olèhé payu luwih akèh tinimbang komputer IBM PC kompatibel, Apple lan 8-bit Atari. Salah sijiné alesan Commodore 64 bisa suksès iku amarga komputer iki uga didol ing toko-toko biyasa lan ora namung ing toko-toko èlèktronika utawa toko mligi komputer waé. Komputer iki kerep dipadhaké karo mobil [[Ford Model T]] sing nepungaké tèknologi anyar marang gegriya kelas manengah déné produksi massa sing kréatif lan regané ora larang.<ref name="Kahney">{{cite web|url=http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2003/09/60349|title=Grandiose Price for a Modest PC|last=Kahney|first=Leander|date=September 9, 2003|publisher=CondéNet, Inc|accessdate=September 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929042807/http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2003/09/60349|archive-date=September 29, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.lemon64.com/games/votes_list.php Pratélan dolanan komputer ing Commodore 64 sing paling digayemi miturut situs www.lemon64.com] [[Kategori:Komputer]] ebattw6d266jzgsx9187klm7f3dwpru Komité Narakarya Negarantara 0 134859 1760182 1730597 2026-11-06T06:20:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=Oktober 2016}} {{Infobox Organization |name = Committee for a Workers' International<br/>{{small|Komité Narakarya Negarantara}} |image = <!--CWIlogo.png--> |image_border = |size = |caption = <!--Dwaja--> |map = CWI_Sections_Map.svg |msize = 250px |mcaption = Peta pérangan miturut praja |abbreviation = CWI |motto = "Struggle, solidarity, socialism"<br/>{{small|"Brawala, kadarakan, sosialisme"}} |formation = 21 April 1974 |extinction = |type = Paguyuban partè pulitik Trotskis |status = |purpose = |headquarters = [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] |location = |region_served = Ngarcapada |membership = 46 pérangan |leader_title = |leader_name = |main_organ = Muktamar arcapada |affiliations = |website = [http://www.socialistworld.net/ socialistworld.net] |remarks = }} '''Komité Narakarya Negarantara''' (<span>''Committee for a Workers' International''</span>, <span>CWI</span>) ya iku [[Pulitik negarantara|paguyuban negarantarané]] parté pulitik Trotskis. Sajeroning, CWI darbèni pérangan punjul 45 ing nagara-nagara ngarcapada lan dimimba ing saben buwana.<ref>[http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/1 Kontakana kita, lumebu ''CWI''!]. ''socialistworld.net''. Kajupuk 17 Juli 2014</ref> Ora saben pérangan mimbani [[praja dipatèn]], tuladhané, pérangan Iyer ngukubi ya uga [[Républik Irlandia|Républik Irlan]] lan [[Irlandia Lor|Irlan lor]], déné ing [[Kanadha]] malah ana pérangan dhéwé tumrap [[Quebec]]. Sang negarantara uga ngukubi pakumpulan anakan cilik, sing ora ingaran minangka pérangan jangkep. == Sajarah == === Adeg === Komprèngsi adegé CWI biyèn diadani ing [[London]] tanggal 20 kasi 21 April 1974 lan ditekani karo para bala sing diarani lèrèg Militant, saka 12 nagara kalebu Britani, Irlan and Swèdhen.<ref>Taaffe, P. 2004. ''A Socialist World is Possible''. CWI Publications & Socialist Books, p.67</ref><ref>Taaffe, P. 2004. ''A Socialist World is Possible''. CWI Publications & Socialist Books, p.52</ref> Ing mangsa lekasané sang negarantara, pérangan lumrahé ngelud titi [[Entrisme|èntrisme]] lumebu parté-parté sosial dhimokrat utawa narakarya. Kanthi ngéné, CWI mulané madèni amarga manawa ngajangi nèdhèng-nèdhèng bisa diwetokaké saka pérangané parté sajeroning dhèwèké makarya. === Puputé èntrisme === CWI lumrahé muputi cara èntrisme ing lekasan '90an. Sang negarantara ngembangaké analisa déné akèh parté sosial dhimokrat wis kanthi wodé owah lakuné lan cumetha dadi parté kapitalis, tuladha sing pramana ya iku Parté Narakarya ing Britani Agung (''Labour Party''). Bab iki dimingkung déning Ted Grant, sawijining pangadeg Militant. Sarampungé dhébat dawa lan komprèngsi astamiwa ing 1991 ditetep pernahé pérangan CWI ing Inglan lan Wales, Grant tuwin bala-balané golèk dikara pasaban resmi sajeroning pakumpulan, sing dilulusaké nedya sadhela, nanging sabanjuré cinabut déning pimpinan.<ref>[http://www.marxist.net/openturn/index.html The 'Open Turn' debate]. ''marxist.net''. Kajupuk 17 Juli 2014</ref> Cinabuté dikara pasaban iku banjur metokaké Ted Grant lan para balané, sing banjur madegaké Lèrèging Marxis Nagarantara (''International Marxist Tendency''). Wiwit dhébat Gilir Tinarbuka (''Open Turn)'' pérangané CWI darbèni, ing sawatara nagara, nyokong calon-calon saha nama dhéwé. CWI uga milih anggota saka pamidèn tlatah utawa paheman enggon-enggonan kaya ta ing [[Swèdhen]], [[Jerman]] (anggotané [[Sang Kiwa]]), [[Pakistan]], [[Sri Lanka]] lan [[Républik Irlandia|Irlan]], déning Komité darbèni 3&nbsp;wakil ing Dáil Éireann. Ing pilihan présidhèn Sri Lanka 2005 anakan CWI, Parté Sosialis Sarèkat (United Socialist Party), nyandhak banjar katelu (darbè 0.4% swara).<ref>[http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2005/11/18srilanka.html United Socialist Party (CWI) comes third in presidential election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610034839/http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2005/11/18srilanka.html |date=2007-06-10 }}. ''socialistworld.net''. Kajupuk 17 Augustus 2007</ref> Bala-balané CWI ngluncuraké pakumpulan kanoman, Sosialis Sembada Negarantara (''International Socialist Resistance)'', ing 2001.<ref>[http://www.socialistworld.net/print/166 500+ at Brussels ISR conference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722024235/http://www.socialistworld.net/print/166 |date=2013-07-22 }}. ''socialistworld.net''. Kajupuk 17 Juli 2014</ref> === Parté-parté anyar byukan narakarya === Anggota CWI dadi lakon ing adegé Parté Sosialis Sekot (''Scottish Socialist Party,'' SSP). Nanging SSP pecah saka CWI ing 1999, kanthi sarwa-kurang anggotané sing pituhu tumrap CWI madegaké Parté Sosialis Skotlan (''Socialist Party Scotland''). Nalika Tommy Sheridan sèrèh saka SSP ing 2006 lan ngadegaké parté anyar ing Skotlan, Kadarakan (''Solidarity''), banjur Parté Sosialis Skotlan gabung sajeroning gandhèngan tumrap Parté Narakarya Sosialis Britani (''Socialist Workers Party''). Para anggota CWI tau nyokong caloné Parté Karuhan Nasional (''National Conscience Party'') ing  pilihan pamidèn Nigeria 2003, menang 0.51% swara nagara. Ing Jerman, anggota CWI wis gesang sajeroning WASG (Pilihan liyan kanggo Narakarya lan Kadilan sosial) anyar wiwit asasé ing 2004 lan ing Dhésèmber 2005 kapilih pérangan pimpinan anyaré dhistrik Berlin kang nyalonaké rancangan cetha lawan-bukung sajeroning pilihan dhérah Berlin 2006, olèh 3.1% swara lan pepirang kursi paheman kutha, nanging bésuk WASG-né Berlin nglebur sajeroning ''Die Linke'' (Sang Kiwa). Ing Brasil anggota CWI mitulung adegé P-SOL (Parté Sosialisme lan Pambébas) awit para parlemèn kiping kiwa dibuwang saka ''Partido dos Trabalhadores'' (Parté Narakarya). Ing pilihan umum Irlan 2011 anakan CWI-né Irlan, Parté Sosialis (''Socialist Party'') menang rong kursi ing rad (''Dáil'') minangka péranganing pakumpulan kiwa sing luwih gedhé, Sarékat Sekuthu Kiwa (''United Left Alliance'') sing menang limang kursi ing gunggungé rad Irlan (''Dáil Éireann'').<ref>[http://electionsireland.org/results/general/31dail.cfm Pilihaning Irlan: 31st Dáil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017184812/http://electionsireland.org/results/general/31dail.cfm |date=2016-10-17 }}. ''electionsireland.org''. Kajupuk 17 Juli 2014</ref> Nanging, sawijiné anggota kapilihé Parté Sosialis (''Socialist Party'') sing wis metu saka parté isih nyambet minangka patikelir.<ref>http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2012/0903/breaking6.html</ref> Ing pilihan astamiwané Kulon Dublin ing 2014, Parté Sosialis (''Socialist Party'') olèh kursi kapindho sajeroning ''Dáil'' manèh, lan kursi katelu sajeroning pilihan astamiwa Kanéya Dublin 2014 minangka péranganing Sekuthu Lawan-Tarak (''Anti-Austerity Alliance''). == Susunan == <ref>Taaffe, P. 2004. ''A Socialist World is Possible''. CWI Publications & Socialist Books, p.51</ref><ref>[http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/420 Building the socialist alternative around the world], ''socialistworld.net'', 27 December 2002.</ref><ref>[http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/6565 Thesis for the International Executive Committee (IEC) of the CWI 2013], ''socialistworld.net'', 22 November 2013.</ref> {| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; background: rgb(242, 242, 242); margin-bottom: 10px;" | style="padding-left:15px;padding-top:10px;" width="34%" |'''Muktamar Arcapada'''<br> Badan parembug | style="padding-left:15px;padding-top:10px;" width="34%" |'''Komité Pangemban Negarantara'''<br> Badan pangemban | style="padding-left:15px;padding-top:10px;" width="34%" |'''Kapanitèn Negarantara'''<br> Badan pangurus |- | style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:15px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-right:10px;font-size:95%;background:#f9f9f9;" | * Diayahi saben 3 kasi 5 taun; * Ditekani para kumetir saka pèrangan negarané CWI; * Mbakoni tetepan rancangan negarantara lan titi-titi; * Nglulusaké paweruh pérangan pamitran nyar; * Milih Komité Pangemban Negarantara. | style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:15px; padding-bottom:10px;padding-right:10px;font-size:95%;background:#f9f9f9;" | * Winujud saka para anggota dhegé CWI sing kepilih ing muktamar arcapada; * Mbakoni bab titi-titiné CWI seselaning muktamar-muktamar; * Milih Kapanitèn Negarantara. | style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:15px; padding-bottom:10px;padding-right:10px;font-size:95%;background:#f9f9f9;" | * Inggitani pakaryan dina-dinané CWI; * Mbakoni bab ayahan pituduh-pituduh saka KPN, marang sing andarbèni; * Nyawisi kintaka-kintaka lan lapuran kanggo arak-arakan, lan palilah sajeroning rapat KPN. |} == Pérangan == Pakumpulan lan Pérangan iku nama nèdya parté pulitik sing dadi anggotané CWI.<span class="flagicon"></span><span class="flagicon"></span><span class="flagicon"></span><span class="flagicon"></span><span class="flagicon"></span><span class="flagicon"></span><span class="flagicon"></span><span class="flagicon"></span><span class="flagicon"></span> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;" !Pérangan !Nama !Pertalan Jawané |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}} [[Afrika Kidul]] |Democratic Socialist Movement |Angkatan Sosialis Dhimokrat |- |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Amérikah Sarékat]] |Socialist Alternative |Sosialis Alternatif |- |{{Flagicon|BEL}} [[Bèlgi]] |Linkse Socialistische Partij / Parti Socialiste de Lutte |Parté Kiwa Sosialis / Parté Sosialis Brawala |- |{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Brasil]] |Liberdade, Socialismo e Revolução |Karahayon, Sosialisme lan Révolusi |- |{{Flagicon|CHI}} [[Cilé]] |Socialismo Revolucionario |Sosialisme Révolusionèr |- |{{Flagicon|GRE}} [[Yunani|Grikenlan]] |Ξεκίνημα Xekinima |Lekas |- |<span class="flagicon"> [[File:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg|pra=|al=|tepi|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span> [[Hong Kong]] |社會主義行動 Sekuizyuji Haangdung |Tanduk Sosialis |- |{{IND}} |New Socialist Alternative |Sosialis Alternatif Nyar |- |{{Flagicon|IRL}} {{Flagicon|NIR}} [[Pulo Irlandia|Irlan]] |Socialist Party / Páirtí Sóisialach |Parté Sosialis |- |{{Flagicon|ISR}} [[Israèl]] lan <span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Palestine.svg|pra=|al=|tepi|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Palèstina]]h |حركة النضال الاشتراكي / מאבק סוציאליסטי Ma'avak Sotzialisti / Harakat a-Nidal al-Ishtiraki |Brawala Sosialis |- |{{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Itali]] |Controcorrente |Runjang-ilèn |- |{{DEU}} |Sozialistische Alternative |Sosialis Alternatif |- |{{Flagicon|JPN}} [[Jepang]] |国際連帯 Kokusai Rentai |Kadarakan Negarantara |- |{{Flagicon|CAN}} [[Kanadha]] |Socialist Alternative | |- | <span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir.svg|pra=|al=|23x23px]]</span> <span class="flagicon">[[File:Jammu-Kashmir-flag.svg|pra=|al=|tepi|23x23px]]</span> [[Kashmir|Kasmir]] |CWI Kashmir |CWI Kasmir |- |{{Flagicon|CYP}}<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg|pra=|al=|tepi|23x23px]]</span> [[Siprus|Kipros]] lan [[Siprus Lor|Kipros Lor]] |Νέα Διεθνιστική Αριστερά / Yeni Enternasyonalist Sol Nea Diethnistike Aristera |Negarantaran Kiwa Nyar |- |{{ENG}} lan <span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Wales_2.svg|pra=|al=|tepi|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Wales]] |Socialist Party |Parté Sosialis |- |{{Flagicon|LIB}} [[Libanon]] |اللجنة لأممية العمال-لبنان al-Lajnah Lammyah al-Amal – Lubnan |CWI Libanon |- |{{MYS}} |Sosialis Alternatif | |- |{{Flagicon|NLD}} [[Nèderlan]] |Socialistisch Alternatief |Sosialis Alternatif |- |{{Flagicon|NGR}} [[Nigéria]] |Democratic Socialist Movement |Angkatan Sosialis Dhimokrat |- |{{Flagicon|NZL}} [[Niu Sélan|Nyu Sélan]] |Socialist Voice |Swara Sosialis |- |{{AUS}} |Socialist Party |Parté Sosialis |- |{{Flagicon|AUT}} [[Ostenrik]] |Sozialistische LinksPartei |Parté Sosialis Kiwa |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg|pra=|al=|tepi|23x23px]]</span> [[Pakistan]] |Socialist Movement Pakistan |Angkatan Sosialis Pakistan |- |<span class="flagicon"> [[File:Flag_of_Côte_d'Ivoire.svg|pra=|al=|tepi|23x23px]] </span>[[Pasisir Gadhing]] |CIO Côte d'Ivoire |CWI Pasisir Gadhing |- |{{Flagicon|POL}} [[Polen]] |Alternatywa Socjalistyczna |Sosialis Alternatif |- |{{Flagicon|POR}} [[Portugal]] |Socialismo Revolucionário |Sosialisme Revolusionèr |- |{{FRA}} |Gauche révolutionnaire |Kiwa Revolusionèr |- | <span class="flagicon">[[FIle:Flag_of_Quebec.svg|pra=|al=|23x23px]]</span> [[Quebec]] |Alternative socialiste |Sosialis Alternatif |- |{{CZE}} |Socialistická alternativa Budoucnost |Sosialis Alternatif Bésuk |- |<span class="flagicon"> [[File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|pra=|al=|tepi|23x23px]] </span>[[Républik Cina]] |CWI Taiwan |CWI Républik Cina |- |{{CHN}} |中国劳工论坛 |Narakarya Cina |- |{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Ruslan]] |Социалистическая Альтернатива Sotsialistecèskaya Alternativa |Sosialis Alternatif |- |{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Spanyol]] |Socialismo Revolucionario |Sosialisme Revolusionèr |- |<span class="flagicon"> [[File:Flag_of_Scotland.svg|pra=|al=|tepi|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Skotlandia|Skotlan]] |Socialist Party Scotland |Parté Sosialis Skotlan |- |{{LKA}} |එක්සත් සමාජවාදි පකෂය / ஐக்கிய சோசலிச கட்சி Eksath Samajavadi Pakshaya / Aikkiy Cōcalic Kaṭci |Parté Sosialis Sarèkat |- |{{Flagicon|SWE}} [[Swèdhen]] |Rättvisepartiet Socialisterna |Parté Sosialis Bebener |- |<span class="flagicon"> [[File:Flag_of_Tunisia.svg|pra=|al=|tepi|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Tunisia]]h |البديل الاشتراكي Al-Badil al-Ishtiraki |Sosialis Alternatif |- |{{Flagicon|TUR}} [[Turki]] |Sosyalist Alternatif |Sosialis Alternatif |- |{{Flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Vénézuéla]] |Socialismo Revolucionario |Sosialisme Revolusionèr |} == Pakumpulan kekancan == * Sosialis Sembada Negarantara (''International Socialist Resistance'') * [[Kanoman ayon rasisme ing Éropah]] == Pratélan tetembungan == {{Appendix|1=gloss|2= Ana ing ngisor iki tembung-tembung Jawa sing dianggo ing artikel iki, dikanthèni jarwané ing basa Indonésia lan Inggris. {{columns-list|3| # arak-arakan-''ulasan, review'' # ayon-''melawan, against'' # bésuk-''masa depan, future'' # brawala-''perjuangan, strugge'' # dheg-''seluruh, whole'' # dikara-''status, status'' # kadarakan-''solidaritas, solidarity'' # kapanitèn-''sekretariat, secretariat'' # kintaka-''dhokumèn, document'' # kumetir-''wakil, delegates'' # madèni-''diam-diam, secretive'' # mbakoni-''bertanggung-jawab, responsible'' # narakarya-''pekerja, worker'' # negarantara-''internasional, international'' # ngarcapada-''sedunia, worldwide'' # palilah-''persetujuan, approval'' # pangemban-''èksekutif, executive'' # pangurus-''administratif, administrative'' # partikelir-''independen, independent'' # rad-''dewan/majelis, council'' # rancangan-''program, programme'' # runjang-''kontra, counter'' # sarwa kurang-''minoritas, minority'' # sarwa luwih-''mayoritas, majority'' # tanduk-''aksi, action'' # tarak-''pemangkasan, austerity'' # titi-titi-''kebijakan, policy'' }} }} == Uga delengen == * [[Pratèlané para Trotskis negarantara]] * [[Sosialisme revolusionèr]] == Rerujukan == <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2;-webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <references /></div> == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.socialistworld.net/ Kacawèb warta resmi lan analisa CWI] * [http://www.marxist.net Kacawèb sumber resmi Marxis CWI] [[Kategori:Komité Narakarya Negarantara]] [[Kategori:Pulitik trotskis negarantara]] qs86raa59aj1artw71buh7anskrsd8d KG Media 0 134902 1760088 1747642 2026-11-06T01:03:35Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|perusahaan induk Indonesia}} {{Infobox company | company_name = Kompas Gramedia Group | company_logo = | image = Kompas Gramedia.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Gedung Kompas Gramedia di [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]] | company_type = Swasta | foundation = [[Agustus|17 Agustus]] [[1963]] | founder = [[Petrus Kanisius Ojong|P.K. Ojong]]<br />[[Jakob Oetama]] | location = Jalan Palmerah Selatan 22-26, Jakarta | key_people = Lilik Oetama ([[Ketua]] lan [[Chief executive officer|CEO]]) | products = Media<br />Properti<br />Penyelenggara acara<br />tisu<br />Yayasan | industry = konglomerat | subsid = {{unbulleted list|[[Kompas (koran)|KG Media]]<br>([[Kompas (koran)|Kompas Media Nusantara]], [[Gramedia Pustaka Utama]], dll)|Dyandra Promosindo|Santika Indonesia Hotels & Resorts|Multimedia Nusantara University}} | homepage = [http://www.kompasgramedia.com kompasgramedia.com] }} '''Kompas Gramedia''' iku sawijining konglomerat Indonésia. Wis fokus ing sawetara bisnis, utamane media massa, uga perhotelan, manufaktur, lan ngatur acara. Bisnis perusahaan kalebu pirang-pirang divisi, kayata aset media (kalebu koran harian ''[[Kompas]]''; jaringan televisi Kompas TV; jaringan radio Sonora; lan [[Gramedia (toko buku)|Gramedia]] jaringan toko buku), jaringan perhotelan Santika Indonesia, firma organisasi acara Dyandra, lan uga Graha Bumi Hijau, produsen kertas tisu sing dikenal kanthi merek Tessa. ==Media == Wiwit taun 2018, kabeh unit media Kompas Gramedia ditata maneh dadi siji anak perusahaan, yaiku KG Media. === Koran === ====''Kompas''==== {{utama|Kompas}} PT Kompas Media Nusantara nerbitake ''Kompas'', koran harian nasional. ''Kompas'' wiwit terbitan kapisan tanggal 28 Juni 1965. Wiwit taun 1969, ''Kompas'' wis dominasi dodolan ing saindenging negoro. Ing taun 2013, ''Kompas'' duwe sirkulasi rata-rata 500.000 eksemplar saben dina, nganti rata-rata 1.850.000 wong saben dina.<ref>{{cite web| title=Kompas Gramedia| url=http://www.kompasgramedia.com/business/newspapers/kompas| access-date=8 Mèi 2013| archive-date=2011-11-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103024539/http://www.kompasgramedia.com/business/newspapers/kompas| url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Kompas'' ora mung dianggep minangka koran sing paling gedhé ing Indonesia, nanging uga dadi koran paling gedhé ing Asia Tenggara.<ref>{{cite web | title=Nama Kompas Pemberian Bung Karno| url=http://lipsus.kompas.com/hut45/sejarahkompas| access-date=8 Mèi 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003025324/http://lipsus.kompas.com/hut45/sejarahkompas| archive-date=3 Oktober 2013| url-status=dead}}</ref> ====''Kontan''==== {{utama|Kontan}} PT Grahanusa Mediatama menerbitkan "Kontan", penerbitan bisnis dan keuangan. Originally diterbitake ing taun 1996 minangka koran mingguan (saiki disebut ''Tabloid Kontan''), saiki ''Kontan'' uga diterbitake minangka koran harian. ====''Tribun Network''==== {{utama|Jaringan Tribun}} PT Indopersda Primamedia, luwih dikenal kanthi jeneng Tribun Network, yaiku jaringan koran lokal sing didegake Kompas Gramedia. Ngoperasikake koran regional wiwit taun 1988, rantai kasebut saiki nerbitake 22 koran regional - sawetara sing nganggo jeneng gabungan "Tribun" - uga koran olahraga nasional "Super Ball". =====''Warta Kota''===== {{anchor|Warta Kota}} ''Warta Kota'' (''The City News'') iku sawijining koran esuk ing Indonésia saben dina sing diterbitake ing [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]], sing nglayani tlatah [[Jabodetabek]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Media |url=https://www.kompasgramedia.com/business/media |website=Kompas Gramedia |access-date=7 Sèptèmber 2020 |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324033450/https://www.kompasgramedia.com/business/media |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iki ana ing format [[broadsheet]] lan diterbitake dening PT Metrogema Media Nusantara, anak perusahaan [[Kompas Gramedia]] (KG), lan bagéan saka ''The Tribun Network''. ''Warta Kota'' wiwit diterbitake sawisé [[Kementrian Penerangan (Indonesia)|Kementrian Penerangan]] ing [[B.J. Habibie]] administrasi melonggarkan tata cara pengajuan Surat Izin Usaha (SIUPP) media cetak.<ref><u>Cathetan</u>: PT Metrogema Media Nusantara entuk SIUPP No. 726/SK/MENPEN/SIUPP/1998 , tanggal 19 Nopember 1998 kanggo ngadegé Warta Kota.</ref> Koran nasional Indonésia, [[Kompas]] (anak perusahaan KG), nganti taun 1998, mung ngetokaké rong kaca saben terbitan kanggo warta ing Jakarta lan saubengé. umume diisi pariwara, sanajan koran kasebut diterbitake ing Jakarta.<ref name="wartakota">{{cite web |title=Sejarah Harian Warta Kota |url=http://www.kompasgramedia.com/business/newspapers/wartakota |website=Kompas Gramedia |access-date=7 Sèptèmber 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107040252/http://www.kompasgramedia.com/business/newspapers/wartakota |archive-date=7 Januari 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kanggo ngisi kekosongan iki, ''Warta Kota'' digawe. ''Warta Kota'' pisanan diterbitake tanggal 3 Mei 1999 ing tengah-tengah kampanye [[pemilihan legislatif Indonesia, 1999|1999]].<ref name="wartakota" /> ===Majalah === Unit majalah Kompas Gramedia diatur ing anak perusahaan Grid Network. ''Intisari'', publikasi pisanan grup iki ing taun 1963, isih ana ing edaran nganti saiki. Unit bisnis uga nangani 43 tabloid lan judhul majalah (30 asli lan 13 sing dilisensi) uga seri komik sing sukses lan judhul buku liyane kayata: * [[Hai (majalah)|Hai]] * [[Kawanku (majalah)|Kawanku]] * [[Nova (tabloid)|Nova]] * [[MotorPlus]] * [[Otomotif]] * [[CHIC (majalah)|CHIC]] * [[Nakita (tabloid)|Nakita]] * [[Sekar (majalah)|Sekar]] * [[Bobo (majalah)|Bobo]] * [[Bola (tabloid)|Bola]] * [[Komando (majalah)|Komando]] * [[Citra (majalah)|Citra]] (mati) * [[Angkasa (majalah)|Angkasa]] Judhul majalah sing dilisensi kalebu: * [[Martha Stewart Living]] * [[Otomatis Bild]] * [[InStyle]] * [[Disney Junior]] * [[Majalah National Geographic]] Wiwit Desember 2016, ana wolung majalah utawa tabloid sing dicithak saben wulan (Kawanku, Sinyal, Chip, Chip Foto Video, What Hi Fi, Auto Expert, Car and Turning Guide, lan Motor), sing diowahi dadi publikasi online.<ref> {{ngutip web | url=http://id.tempo.co/read/news/2016/12/19/056828823/Kompas-Gramedia-Stops-Printing-8-Magazines-Tabloids |title=Kompas Gramedia Stop Printing 8 Majalah, Tabloid |penulis =Larissa Huda |tanggal=19 Desember 2016}}</ref> ===Penerbitan === Ing taun 1973 Kompas Gramedia mbentuk [[Gramedia Pustaka Utama]] (GPU) lan wiwit nerbitaké judhul pisanan. Perusahaan iki sukses banget lan saiki nerbitake luwih saka 600 judul saben taun. === Buku Pegangan ==== Klompok kasebut wis nyukupi panjaluk kanggo publikasi teknologi uga pendidikan. PT [[Elex Media Komputindo]] (EMK), didegaké ing taun 1985, nerbitaké buku babagan komputer lan elektronik. EMK uga nerbitake buku bisnis lan manajemen teknologi, komik, buku pendidikan, lan piranti lunak komputer. Saben taun EMK nerbitake udakara 1500 judhul anyar, 51% saka terjemahan saka karya asing. PT Prima Info Sarana Media ngetokake majalah komputer Infokomputer lan Tabloid PC Plus uga tabloid desain omah lan interior Rumah. ====Penerbitan Pendidikan==== Ing taun 1990 PT [[Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia]], kang misuwur kanthi jeneng Grasindo, wiwit fokus ing buku pelajaran sekolah lan bahan pendhidhikan liyane kanggo TK, SD lan SMP. Saiki nerbitake udakara 300 judhul anyar saben taun. ====Liyane==== Saliyane perusahaan kasebut, grup iki uga duwe sawetara perusahaan penerbitan liyane, kayata Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia (KPG, kanthi harfiah Gramedia Popular Books) lan Penerbit Buku Kompas (penerbitan buku kanthi merek Kompas). === Media online === ====''Kompas.com''==== [[Kompas.com]] minangka [[warta online|portal warta online]] saka ''Kompas'', nanging staf redaksi sing kapisah. Wiwit awal 2014, Kompas.com dadi nomer loro paling gedhé sawisé [[detik.com]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tribunnews.com/metropolitan/2014/03/21/syukuran-ultah-ke-4-tribunnewscom-bismillah-tahun-ini-tiga-besar-newsportal-nasional |title=Bismillah, Tahun Ini Tiga Besar Newsportal Nasional |date=21 Maret 2014}}</ref> ====''Tribunnews.com''==== [[Tribun Network#Tribunnews.com|Tribunnews.com]] minangka portal warta online Tribun Network. Tribunnews.com dikutip dening [[Universitas Andalas]] ing taun 2018 minangka situs web host nasional sing paling populer ing Indonesia, kanthi kunjungan 183,2 yuta saben wulan.<ref>{{citation| title=Tribunnews.com Website Lokal Paling Diminati Netizen| trans-title=Tribunnews.com Situs Web Lokal Paling Ditarik Netizen| date=23 Mèi 2018| publisher=Perpustakaan Universitas Andalas (pustaka.unand.ac.id)| url=https://pustaka.unand.ac.id/berita-dan-peristiwa/item/177-tribunnews| access-date=2021-11-08| archive-date=2020-08-23| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200823120001/https://pustaka.unand.ac.id/berita-dan-peristiwa/item/177-tribunnews| url-status=dead}}</ref> Rangking 38 ing [[Dhaptar situs web paling populer|situs web paling populer ing donya dening lalu lintas]] {{Mulai|2020|04|16|df=us|lc=yes}} dening [[Alexa Internet]].<ref name="Alexa">{{cite web| url=http://www.alexa.com/topsites| title=Alexa Top 500 Situs Global| work=[[Alexa Internet]]| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416015659/https://www.alexa.com/topsites| archive-date=16 April 2010| url-status=dead| access-date=27 Juni 2020}}</ref> ===Penyiaran=== ===Radio ==== 1973 miwiti [[Radio Sonora]] (RS) sing nyebar utamane ing Jakarta metropolitan. Saiki RS duwe stasiun radio liyane ing kutha kayata [[Surabaya]] ([[Jawa Timur]]), [[Yogyakarta]] ([[DI Yogyakarta]]), [[Pangkalpinang]] ([[Bangka Belitung]] ), [[Pontianak]] ([[Kalimantan Barat]]), [[Palembang]] ([[Sumatera Selatan]]), [[Bandung]], [[Cirebon]] ([[Jawa Barat]]), [[Semarang]], [[Solo (Stasiun radio Indonésia)|Solo]], [[Purwokerto]] ([[Jawa Tengah]]), [[Bali]], [[Palangkaraya]], [[Banjarbaru]] , [[Makassar]], lan [[Medan]]. ====Televisi==== Kanggo ngrampungake keselarasan bisnis inti, Kompas Gramedia ngedegake PT Duta Visual Nusantara Tivi Tujuh, sing misuwur kanthi jeneng TV7, ing taun 2001. TV7 nyedhiyakake program hiburan kulawarga (berita, program bocah, olahraga, lan film film). Ing taun 2006, Trans Corp (saiki [[Trans Media]], anak perusahaan [[CT Corp]]) tuku 55% saham TV7 lan ganti jeneng dadi [[Trans7|Trans 7]]. Tanggal 9 September 2011, Kompas Gramedia ngluncurake jaringan televisi liyane [[Kompas TV]].<ref>[http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2011/09/09/16013019/.Kompas.di.Layar.Kaca .Diluncurkan.Malam.Ini "Kompas" ing Layar Kaca Diluncurkan Malam Ini]; ora ana info</ref> Grup iki uga duwe lan ngoperasikake stasiun lokal [[KTV (Indonesia)|KTV]], stasiun TV lokal ing Jakarta sing dituku grup kasebut ing taun 2011 lan dadi salah sawijining afiliasi awal Kompas TV sadurunge. dadi stasiun independen ing taun 2015. Kompas Gramedia uga ngedegake [[K-Vision]], panyedhiya layanan [[satelit]], sadurunge 60% sahame dituku dening [[MNC Media]] ing taun 2019.<ref >{{cite web |last1=Dwijayanto |first1=Andy |year=2019 |title=MNC Vision Networks akuisisi 60% saham K-Vision |url=https://investasi.kontan.co.id/news/mnc-vision-networks-akuisisi-60-saham-k-vision |website=Kontan.co.id |access-date=6 Oktober 2020}}</ref> == Toko Buku == {{utama|Gramedia (toko buku)}} Gramedia pisanan diadegaké tanggal 2 Fèbruari 1970, diduweni lan dikelola déning PT Gramedia Asri Media (GAM), anak perusahaan Kompas Gramedia. GAM minangka saluran distribusi ritel kanggo grup sing uga nangani penerbit lan mitra asing. Toko buku pisanan ana ing [[Jalan Gajah Mada]], [[Jakarta Barat]]. Kompas Gramedia banjur ngedegake [[PT Gramedia]], pabrik percetakan ing [[Jakarta]] ing taun 1972 kanggo nyukupi kabutuhan koran lan majalah sing saya mundhak. Gramedia nawakake buku, alat tulis, perlengkapan kantor, perlengkapan olahraga, produk berteknologi tinggi, lan liya-liyane.<ref>{{cite web| title=Grup Kompas Gramedia| url=http://www.kompasgramedia.com/business/bookstores/gramedia| access-date=8 Mèi 2013| archive-date=2017-10-14| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014000828/http://www.kompasgramedia.com/business/bookstores/gramedia| url-status=dead}}</ref> == Bisnis Perhotelan == Wiwit taun 1981, Grup Kompas Gramedia nyebar menyang bisnis perhotelan, ing [[Santika Indonesia Hotels & Resorts|PT Grahawita Santika]]. Perusahaan sing duwe lan manajemen Hotel Santika mbukak hotel pisanan ing Bandung. Sawise sukses, Santika mbangun hotel anyar ing kutha-kutha gedhe ing Indonesia. Kabeh hotel Santika bintang papat kasebut dikategorikake ing Santika Premiere lan hotel sing isih ana isih kacathet minangka Hotel Santika. Ing taun 2006, hotel iki ngluncurake cabang perhotelan anyar ing wangun vila butik sing dikenal minangka The Royal Collection. Saliyane bisnis perhotelan dening Kompas Gramedia Group yaiku Merek Amaris. Merek iki nglayani macem-macem pelanggan, saka hotel bintang loro nganti properti vila sing mewah.<ref>{{cite web |last=Santika |first=Hotel |url=http://www.santika.com/santika.php?gmid%3D1 |title=Santika |access-date=8 Mèi 2013 |archive-date=2013-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501013300/http://santika.com/santika.php?gmid=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PIK |url=http://pik.kompas.co.id/ |access-date=8 Mèi 2013}}</ref> == Pendidikan == {{utama|Universitas Multimedia Nusantara}} Kompas Gramedia Group resmi ngluncurake [[Universitas Multimedia Nusantara]] ing taun 2006. Dumunung ing [[Tangerang]], [[Banten]], universitas kasebut nawakake pendidikan tinggi berbasis TIK. Grup iki uga ngoperasikake pelatihan pendidikan ELTI (singkatan saka ''English Language Training International'') kanthi cabang sing nyebar ing saindhenging Indonesia. Didegaké taun 1981, ELTI dadi bagéan saka grup kasebut ing taun 1989.{{perlu rujukan|tanggal=April 2021}} == Liyane == Kompas Gramedia Group duwe macem-macem kapentingan kalebu firma organisasi acara [[Dyandra Promosindo]], developer real estate (ing PT Permata Media Land), biro perjalanan (ing PT Ina Media Wisatamas utawa Media Tour). Anak perusahaan liyane yaiku PT Graha Kerindo Utama lan PT Graha Bumi Hijau sing nggawe kertas tisu kanthi merek Tessa, Multi, lan Dynasty. Grup iki duwé pusat budaya ing Jakarta, [[Yogyakarta]] lan [[Kabupatèn Gianyar|Gianyar]], [[Bali]] kanthi jeneng ''Bentara Budaya''. Iki omah koleksi antik perusahaan, lan aula asring digunakake kanggo diskusi babagan budaya uga galeri seni. == Referensi == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20211108081640/https://www.kompasgramedia.com/ Situs web resmi Kompas Gramedia] * [https://wartakota.tribunnews.com/ Situs web resmi Warta Kota] {{DEFAULTSORT:Kompas Gramedia Group}} [[Kategori:Grup Kompas Gramedia|Grup Kompas Gramedia]] [[Kategori:Perusahaan media massa Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Perusahaan konglomerat diadegaké taun 1965]] [[Kategori:Perusahaan penerbitan sing diadegaké taun 1965]] [[Kategori:Perusahaan Penerbitan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Perusahaan konglomerat Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Merek Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Media Massa ing Jakarta]] ==Pranala njaba== * {{id}} {{resmi|http://www.kompasgramedia.com}} drsobttq257xum82b65bbzfmizxk5es Irna Novia Damayanti 0 136526 1760049 1643500 2026-11-05T22:59:01Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760049 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Irna Novia Damayanti''' ({{lahirmati|[[Kabupatèn Purbalingga]], [[Jawa Tengah]]|14|9|1992}}) ya iku [[sastrawan|sastrawati]] saka [[Indonesia]]. Asmane kawentar miyos karya-karya sastrane wujud [[cerita cekak]] dan [[puisi]] ing sakperangan [[ariwarta]] Indonesia antarané ''Pikiran Rakyat, Koran Merapi, [[Indopos]], [[Sala Pos]], Minggu Pagi, Radar Surabaya, Padang Ekspres, Satelit Pos, Pos Metro, Medan Bisnis, Koran Madura, Sastra Mata Banua, Haluan, Banjarmasin Post, Bali Pos, Buletin Bener, Majalah Sagang, Buletin Profokatif, [[Suara Merdeka]], [[Media Indonesia]]'', dan ''[[Koran Madura]]''. Irna uga salah sijiné [[penyair]] ana ing [[Dari Negeri Poci|Komunitas Negeri Poci]] lan mèlu ing [[Puisi Menolak Korupsi|Gerakan Puisi Menolak Korupsi]].<ref>Koran Madura: [http://www.koranmadura.com/2015/04/24/sajak-sajak-irna-novia-damayanti/ Irna Novia Damayanti], diakses 2 Maret 2017</ref><ref>Suara Merdeka: [http://www.epaper.suaramerdeka.com/read/2015/04/26/23EM26D15MGU.pdf Irna Novia Damayanti]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, diakses 2 Maret 2017</ref><ref>Kliping Sastra: [http://id.klipingsastra.com/2015/01/jadi-batu-kata-kata-sunyi-kata-kata.html?m=1 Jadi Batu, Kata-kata, Sunyi, Kata-kata], diakses 2 Maret 2017</ref><ref>Selebri: [http://selebri.com/2017/01/23/blak-blakan-bersama-larik-larik-kata-dharmadi/ Blak-blakan bersama larik-larik kata Dharmadi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822123441/http://selebri.com/2017/01/23/blak-blakan-bersama-larik-larik-kata-dharmadi/ |date=2019-08-22 }}, diakses 2 Maret 2017</ref><ref>Medan Bisnis: [http://www.medanbisnisdaily.com/news/read/2015/08/09/179688/pesta-puisi/#.WMGzcNR94_4 Irna Novia Damayanti], diakses 2 Maret 2017</ref> ==Latar belakang== Irna Novia Damayanti lair ing Purbalingga, Jawa Tengah, 14 September 1992. Nggeluti donyane sastra wiwit isih sekolah menengah atas, nanging ngirim pakaryane awit kuliah ing [[Institut Agama Islam Negeri]] [[Purwokerto]] Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab. Irna uga aktif kiprahe ana ing komunitas sastra santri Pondok Pena lan Gubug Kecil. Taun 2015, dhèwèké nampa Apresiasi Pendidikan Islam (API) saka [[Kementrian Agama Republik Indonesia]] kategori Penulis Aktif Media tingkat mahasiswa se-Indonesia. ==Pakaryane== * Sepucuk Surat Untuk Tuhan (An Najah Press, 2012) * Prosa Liris dan Flash Fiction Dear Alloh (Afsoh Publisher, 2013) * Flash Fiction Karena Es Campur (Ae Publishing, 2013) * Puisi Jelaga (Asrifa Publisher, 2013) * Puisi Refleksi Kehidupan (Pena Indhis, 2013) * Flash fiction Ayah Dalam Memoriku (Meta Kata, 2013) * Puisi Puisi Untuk Negeri (Az Zahra House Publisher, 2013) * Flash Fiction The Haunted Night (Meta Kata, 2013) * Flash Fiction Kalau Animal Bisa Ngomong (Afsoh Publisher, 2013) * Puisi Permintaan Hati (Ae Publishing, 2013) * Flash Fiction Keajaiban Ikhlas (Afsoh Publisher, 2013) * Puisi Pilar Puisi (STAIN Press, 2013) * Puisi Mushaf Rindu (An Najah Press, 2014) * Puisi Aksara Warna (Asrifa, 2014) * Puisi Senarai Diksi (Pena House, 2014) * Cerpen Semangat Untuk Poci (Rraditeens Publisher, 2014) * Puisi Cahaya di Langit Gaza (Pena Indis, 2014) * Puisi Sembilan Dzulhijjah di Arafah (Write With Love, 2014) * Cerpen Misteri Jodoh (An Najah Press, 2014) * Puisi Lentera Sastra II, (Sembilan Mutiara * Lentera Internasional, 2014) * Memo Untuk Présidhèn (Forum Sastra Surakarta, 2014) * [[Dari Negeri Poci]] 6 (KKK, 2015) * [[Dari Negeri Poci]] 7 (KKK, 2017) == Uga delengen == * [[Dari Negeri Poci]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Sastrawan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Panitra Indonésia]] {{bio-stub}} nw60od3jqmzylpwecuejvj94uqekvgz Emprit kaji 0 137436 1759939 1668576 2026-11-05T16:32:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Emprit kaji | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | image = Lonchura maja.JPG | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Aves]] | ordo = [[Passeriformes]] | familia = [[Estrildidae]] | genus = ''[[Lonchura]]'' | species = '''''L. maja''''' | binomial = ''Lonchura maja'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766) }} ''Emprit kaji''' (''Lonchura maja'''), utawa ing basa Indonésia diarani ''bondol haji'', ya iku [[manuk]] kang kalebu ing [[familia|kulawarga]] [[Estrildidae]] lan urip ing [[Semenanjung Malaya]], [[Sumatera]], [[Jawa]], [[Bali]] lan pulo-pulo sakiwatengené. Manuk iki karan emprit kaji amarga duwé endas putih kang kayadené nganggo [[pèci]] [[kaji]]. == Asal == Asal lan [[filogèni]] emprit kaji dicirèni déning Antonio Arnaiz-Villena et al.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Arnaiz-Villena|first=A|coauthors=Ruiz-del-Valle V, Gomez-Prieto P, Reguera R, Parga-Lozano C, Serrano-Vela I|title=Estrildinae Finches (Aves, Passeriformes) from Africa, South Asia and Ostrali: a Molecular Phylogeographic Study|journal=The Open Ornithology Journal|year=2009|volume=2|pages=29–36|url=http://www.benthamscience.com/open/tooenij/articles/V002/29TOOENIJ.pdf|doi=10.2174/1874453200902010029|access-date=2017-04-28|archive-date=2012-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318140036/http://www.benthamscience.com/open/tooenij/articles/V002/29TOOENIJ.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> kalebu [[Estrildinae]] kang asalé saka [[India]], banjur sumebar menyang [[Afrika]] lan [[Samodra Pasifik]]. == Titikan == Awaké cilik (11&nbsp;cm) lan warna wuluné soklat lan putih. Saèmper karo emprit ireng (''[[Lonchura ferruginosa]]'') nanging luwih pucet, déné sirahé warna putih. Nalika isih enom rupané soklat enom ing pérangan awak ndhuwur, déné sisih ngisor lan endhas wernané kuning tuwa. Mripaté wernané soklat, [[cucuk]]é klawu semu biru, sikilé biru pucet. Swarané dhuwur kaya déné [[suling]] uniné ''puip'' nalikané klumpuk bareng liyané.<ref name="mackinnon">{{aut|MacKinnon, J., K. Phillipps, B. van Balen}}. 2000. ''Panduan Lapangan Burung-burung di Sumatera, Jawa, Bali dan Kalimantan''. LIPI-Birdlife Int'l IP. Hal. 426.</ref> == Ras == Emprit kaji kapérang dadi [[subspesies]]:{{sfn|Robson & Allen|2005|p=139}} * ''L.m. maja'' * ''L.m. viatnemensis'' (ing [[Indochina]]) == Sebaran & habitat == Manuk iki sumebar ing [[Semenanjung Malaya]], [[Sumatera]], [[Jawa]], [[Bali]], lan [[Sulawesi]], [[Thailand]] & [[Vietnam]] sisih kidul. Uga digawa ing [[Jepang]] ([[Osaka]] & [[Okinawa]]).<ref name="Indonesia">Kutilang Indonesia: [http://www.kutilang.or.id/burung/konservasi/bondol-haji/ Bondol Haji] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715021812/http://www.kutilang.or.id/burung/konservasi/bondol-haji/ |date=2014-07-15 }}</ref>{{sfn|Brazil|2009|p=452}} Ing [[Sumatra]], [[Jawa]] lan [[Bali]] manuk iki umum tinemu lan sumebar nganti papan kang dhuwuré 1.500 m saka sagara.<ref name="mackinnon"/>. Asring tinemu ing [[rawa]] lan [[sawah]], manuk iki seneng mangan [[pari]].<ref name="bio">Biologi Undip: [http://www.bio.undip.ac.id/sbw/spesies/sp_bondol_haji.htm Bondol Haji] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309161748/http://bio.undip.ac.id/sbw/spesies/sp_bondol_haji.htm |date=2017-03-09 }}</ref> == Papan urip == Gampang tinemu ing [[rawa]], rawa [[gelagah]] nganti panggonan kang dhuwuré 1.500 m saka sagara. Nggrombol kanthi cacah kang akèh nalikané mangsa panèn pari, nanging sumebar pasang-pasangan nalikané [[ungsum kawin]]. Tingkahé kaya déné [[emprit]] lumrahé.<ref name="Indonesia"/> == Tumangkar == Lumrahé, emprit kaji urip nggrombol bebarengan tanpa pasangan. Nanging ing mangsa kawin, banjur padha pepasangan.<ref name=infofinch>[http://www.finchinfo.com/birds/finches/species/white_headed_munia.php White-headed Munia]</ref> [[Endhog]]é cacah 4-5, kadhang-kadhang 6, warna putih ing [[susuh]] bunder saka sesuketan. Ing [[Jawa Barat]], mangsa kawiné diwiwiti ing sasi Fèbruari. == Basa liya == * [[Basa Ceko|Basa Céko]]: panenka bělohlavá<ref name="avi"/> * [[Basa Jerman]]: Weißkopfnonne<ref name="avi"/> * [[Basa Inggris]]:White-headed Munia<ref name="avi"/> * [[Basa Italia]]: Cappuccino testabianca<ref name="avi"/> * [[Basa Walanda]]: Witkopnon<ref name="avi">Avibase:[http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=ID&avibaseid=E92CE1F0925CC660 Bondol Haji (Lonchura maja) (Linnaeus, 1766)-Avibase]</ref>. == Gladri == <gallery> File:Cappuccino2.JPG File:Ctbmaschio.JPG </gallery> == Rujukan == {{reflist|30em}} === Pustaka === {{refbegin|colwidth=30em}} * {{cite book |first=Craig |last=Robson |first2=Richard |last2=Allen |title=New Holland Field Guide to The Bird of South-East Asia:Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar |trans-title=Panduan Burung Asia Tenggara New Holland;Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar |publisher=New Holland Publisher |language=Inggris |year=2005 |pages= |isbn= 978-1-84330-746-4 |url=http://books.google.co.id/books?id=MZh_isKvAé8C }} * {{cite book |last=Brazil |first=Mark |authorlink=Mark Brazil |title=Birds of East Asia; Eastern China, Taiwan, Koréa, Japan, Eastern Russia |trans-title=Burung Asia Timur; China Timur, Taiwan, Koréa, Jepang, Rusia Timur |publisher=Cristopher Helm |language=Inggris |year=2009 |pages= |isbn= 978-0-7136-7040-0 |url=http://books.google.co.id/books?id=SS4_WkC2Pc8C }} * {{cite book |last=Jeyarajasingnam |first=Allen |authorlink= |title=A Field Guide to the Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore |trans-title=Buku Panduan Burung-Burung Semenanjung Malaysia dan Singapura |publisher=Oèford University Press |language=Inggris |year=2012 |pages= |isbn= 978-0-19-963943-4 |url=http://books.google.co.id/books?id=g63vuaasèrgC }} {{refend}} == Pranala njaba == * Flickr: [http://www.flickr.com/photos/46202369@N02/5223120361/ Foto Emprit haji] * FOBI-Foto Biodiversitas Indonesia: [https://web.archive.org/web/20250226054916/http://www.fobi.web.id/v/aves/f-est/lon-maj/Lonchura_maja_Wonoredjo1_AM.jpg.html ''Lonchura maja''] * [http://ibc.lynèeds.com/species/white-headed-munia-lonchura-maja/ lonchura maja indeè]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEAw0èy2èjU Kehidupan bondol haji diceritakan di youtube ini] * [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/indeè.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=8716&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet] [[Kategori:Manukg Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Emprit]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 1]] m6ycciz012kicttghzbfv3ahh1pp1s5 Kumandang Sastra 0 137456 1760204 1708343 2026-11-06T07:22:58Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760204 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kumandang Sastra''' inggih punika giyaran ''on air'' ing [[Radio Republik Indonesia|Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI)]] Stasiyun [[Semarang]] ingkang ngemot parembagan lan pamaosan karya [[sastra]] awujud [[geguritan]] lan [[carita cekak]] déning para [[sastrawan]]. Program punika digiyaraken awit tanggal [[29 Maret]] [[1967]], lan dipunpandhégani déning [[Victor Roesdianto]] utawi Kak Roes ingkang wekdal punika ngayahi minangka pranata adicara.<ref>Jateng TribunNews: [http://www.jateng.tribunnews.com/2015/06/08/pagelaran-flash-back-teater-menelisik-sastra-radio-menggairahkan Jateng Tribun News]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, dijupuk 12 Juni 2015</ref><ref>Berita Jateng: [http://www.beritajateng.net/berita-jateng-terbaru-hari-ini/apresiasi-victor-roedianto-kumandang-sastra-gelar-pertunjukan/25181 Aprisiasi Vivtor, Kumsas Gelar Pertunjukan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614103415/http://beritajateng.net/berita-jateng-terbaru-hari-ini/apresiasi-victor-roedianto-kumandang-sastra-gelar-pertunjukan/25181 |date=2015-06-14 }}, dijupuk 12 Juni 2015</ref><ref>JenteraNews: [http://jenteranews.blogspot.co.id/2013/06/kumandang-sastra-semarang-komunitas.html Kumandang Sastra Semarang; Komunitas Pecinta Sastra], dijupuk 12 Juni 2015</ref><ref>Metro Semarang: [http://metrosemarang.com/topeng-monyet-pendidikan-médhia-pembangunan-budaya ‘Topeng Monyet Pendidikan’ Media Pembangunan Budaya]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, dijupuk 12 Juni 2015</ref><ref>Konfrontasi: [http://www.konfrontasi.com/content/budaya/puisi-kesunyian-anggota-kumandang-sastra-kusas-semarang Puisi Kesunyian : Anggota Kumandang Sastra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214000816/http://konfrontasi.com/content/budaya/puisi-kesunyian-anggota-kumandang-sastra-kusas-semarang |date=2019-12-14 }}, dijupuk 12 Juni 2015</ref> == Latar wingking == Rikala samanten, [[Radio Republik Indonesia|RRI]] [[Semarang]] tuhu mbetahaken adicara giyaran sastra, amargi adicara sadèrèngipun, Panorama Puisi sampun mandheg awit saking pangrembakanipun kénging prakawis Gerakan 30/S PKI. Pramila punika, Kepala Siaran Kata, Rieta, nyuwun Victor Roesdianto supados ngripta acara énggal ingkang lajeng disarujuki, kanthi tajuk ''Kumandang Sastra'', saminggu pisan ing dinten [[Jumuwah|Jumat]], jam 17:30 dumugi 18:00 WIB. Giyaran kaping pisan punika diisi kanthi patepangan lan ancanipun giyaran. Kajawi pamaosan karya-karya sastra, adicara punika ugi wonten gladhen maos geguritan/dhéklamasi kanggé para pandhemen sastra. Para dhéklamator ingkang maos ing giyaran kaping pisan inggih punika Cathrien Rinawati, Go Hoei Hwan, Evelyn Tan Lian Hing, Ludwina Winarti, lan Jeanette Pauline Mumek, nggih punika siswi-siswi saking SMP lan SMA Kebon Dalem ingkang keleresan ugi muridipun Kak Roes wonten sekolah punika. Giyaran pracoban ing tanggal [[29 Maret]] [[1967]] punika tetela cekap ngundhang pamireng sami remen kanggé giyaran salajengipun. Ing wulan April 1967, pandhemen sansaya kathah saéngga kepeksa saben panyarta dipunparingi gladhen maca satunggal utawi kalih larik geguritan lan sinambungan kaliyan panyarta sanèsipun. Pungkasanipun RRI Semarang ngedalaken kabijakan, gladhen dhéklamasi dipunwontenaken ing dinten Minggu wiwit jam 10:00 WIB. === 1968 - 1971 === Taun [[1968]], awit saking pandhemen Kumandang Sastra sansaya tambah, wekdal giyaranipun ugi katambah dados ping kalih saben wulanipun. Wiwit taun 1969, kajawi giyaran sastra, Kumandang Sastra ugi maringi kalodhangan kanggé adicara sandhiwara radio [[Basa Indonésia|basa Indonesia]]. Awit saking punika, sewulan pisan ing dinten Selasa ndalu, Kumandang Sastra giyaran kanthi sandiwara radio, ingkang naskahipun kaangit déning Victor Roesdianto. Taun [[1970]] Kumandang Sastra medal saking RRI Semarang lan ugi mboten ngginakaken embel-embel RRI Semarang - KuSas RRI Semarang - kados sadèrèngipun, nanging Kumandang Sastra Semarang. Mengeti dinten tanggap warsa kaping tiga, Kusas ngawontenaken Pasanggiri Dhéklamasi, ugi minangka mengeti sédanipun [[Chairil Anwar]], 25-26 April 1970. Dhéwan juri wekdal punika dipunayahi déning [[Darmanto Jatman]], [[Sapardi Djoko Damono]], [[S. Palupi]], [[M. Sugito]], [[M. Yantho]], [[S. Hartati Sutrisno]], [[Hamid S. Darminto]]. Panyarta pasanggiri inggih punika siswa-siswi SLP/SLA lan umum/mahasiswa. Lajeng Kumandang Sastra didhapuk nggelar sandhiwara sesirah ''Pinangan'', anggitanipun [[Anton Chekov]]. Awit saking [[1970]], Kumandang Sastra anggeganakaken dhéklamasi gaya Kumandang Sastra, inggih punika dhéklamasi kedah santai, pikantuk lenggah, tileman, utawi mlampah-mlampah. Dhéklamasi ugi saget maos geguritan anggitanipun. Taun [[1971]] minangka mengeti dinten tanggap warsa ingkang kaping sekawan, Kumandang Sastra ngawontenaken malih adon-adon dhéklamasi Lomba Penghayatan Puisi kanggé para siswa-siswi SLTP, SLA lan mahasiswa/umum. Wondéné dewan jurinipun inggih punika [[Umbu Landu Paranggi]], [[Hamid S. Darminto]], [[B. Sutiman]], [[S, Palupi]], [[S. Tatik Sutrisno]], [[M. Sugito]], lan [[M. Yantho]]. === 1974 - 1984 === Mengeti dinten tanggap warsa kaping pitu, Kumandang Sastra badhé ngawontenaken Adon-adon Pantomomik. Pawartos sampun kaédharaken wonten sekolah-sekolah ing [[Semarang]], nanging Iman Prakosa, Kepala Seksi Kebudayaan wekdal punika, dumadakan mboten marengaken kanthi sebab mboten cetha, lan kapeksa diwurungaken. Kangmangka geguritan kiriman saking para pamireng sansaya kathah, saking sawenèh kitha ing [[Jawa Tengah]]. Para panggurit ingkang geguritanipun kagolong saé wekdal punika antawisipun [[Heru Emka]], [[Erka]], [[Widodo Tri Susilo]], [[Buyung Sindhu]], [[Wulung Asmoro]], [[Rachmat Prayogo]], (sedaya saking Semarang), [[Budi Y]] (Blora), [[Heru Mugiarso]], [[Ant.Sugiarto]], [[Agus Sungkono]], [[Adi Santosa]] (Purwodadi), [[Amar Makruf]], (Jepara), [[Kholid Anwar]] (Kebumèn), [[Ida Ayu Maharani]] (Jepara), [[Sunardi]] (Karanganyar), [[Gumilar Rumansya]] (Magelang), lan sapanunggalipun. Boten estunipun adicara punika pungkasanipun miyosaken gagasan ngyasa Kusas Study Club (KSC) lan makempal kanggé ngawontenaken pirembagan sastra. Taun 1975 minangka mengeti dinten tanggap kaping wolu, kanthi ngawontenaken Adon-adon Penghayatan Puisi ingkang dibiji déning Umbu Landu Paranggi, [[Linus Suryadi AG]], [[Emha Ainun Najib]], Darmanto Jatman, Sapardi Djoko Damono, Hamid S, Darminto, lan M. Yantho. Taun punika ugi, Budiman S. Hartotyo saking [[Sala]] dipunulemi déning Fakultas Sastra [[Universitas Diponegoro]] minangka mratelakaken seminar kanggé mbantah dhéklamasi gaya Kumandang Sastra. Budiman gadhah pamanggih bilih Victor Roesdianto mucalaken pangrusakan tumrap geguritan ingkang dipunwaosaken kanthi gaya Kumandang Sastra. Nanging pamanggih punika salajengipun kabantah, yèn deklamasi gaya Kumandang Sastra mboten gadhah maksud punika, nanging kepara ngangkat derajatipun geguritan supados langkung dipuntepangken dhumateng bebrayan. Taun [[1977]] Kumandang Sastra ngawontenaken Adon-adon Nyanyi kanggé siswa-siswi TK/SD. Lajeng [[1979]] gelaraken lakon ''Yerma'', anggitanipun Frederico Garcia Lorca. Taun [[1984]], Linus Suryadi AG katimbalan déning Kumandang Sastra kanggé ngendika ing wawanrembug KSC. == Wangsulipun Kumandang Sastra == Tahun [[2006]], Kumandang Sastra dipunsuwun malih déning Lembaga Penyiaran Publik RRI Semarang supados ngisi adicara apresiasi sastra mengeti dipudekaken Programa 4 yang ingkang nyiaraken acara budaya. Kak Roes nimbali para anggota Kumandang Sastra malih ingkang taksih saget nyengkuyung. Wekdal punika ingkang kempal Antonius Sugiarto, Heru Mugiarso, Heru Emka, lan Didiek Soepardi MS wonten ing griyanipun Kak Roes. Wiwitan giyaran malih, Kak Roes ugi ngajak muridipun, para anggota ''lector'' [[Gréja Katulik]] Paroki Gedangan lan murid-murid ing di SMK 1 Jurusan Penyiaran. Lajeng adicara Apresiasi Sastra déning Kumandang Sastra dipunpindhah ing Pro 1 FM. Taun 2008, Kak Roes nyerahaken pangemunah adicara dhumateng Didiek Soepardi MS. ==Ugi pirsani== * [[Radio Republik Indonesia]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Sastra]] [[Kategori:Radio]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 1]] {{stub}} j2gjtfkm6c5ealnr6rezadih5jgwma1 Elon Musk 0 137978 1759934 1754686 2026-11-05T16:18:59Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Elon Musk|image=Elon Musk 2015.jpg|caption=Elon Musk ing 2015|birth_name=Elon Reeve Musk|birth_date={{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1971|6|28}}|birth_place={{flagicon|Afrika Kidul}} [[Pretoria]], [[Transvaal Province|Transvaal]] (saiki [[Gauteng Province|Gauteng]]), [[South Africa]]|residence={{flagicon|Amerika Sarekat}} [[Bel Air, Los Angeles|Bel Air]], [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S.<ref name="forbesbuyshome.com">{{cite news|title=Billionaire Tesla CEO Elon Musk Buys Neighbor's Home in Bel Air For Million|work=[[Forbes]]|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/trulia/2013/11/01/billionaire-tesla-ceo-elon-musk-buys-home/|accessdate=November 1, 2013}}</ref><ref name=bloombergbuyshome>{{cite news|title=Inside Elon Musk's M Bel Air Mansion|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/b/6e27fcba-309d-494e-b87d-c73fb8bb1750|accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref>|citizenship={{Plainlist| *South African (1971–saiki) *Canadian (1989–saiki) *American (2002–saiki) }}|alma mater=[[Queen's University]]<br />[[University of Pennsylvania]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_25541448/timeline-elon-musk-accomplishments|title=Timeline: Elon Musk's accomplishments|last=Hull|first=Dana|date=April 11, 2014|accessdate=June 11, 2015|via=[[Mercury News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://csq.com/2013/01/elon-musk-patriarchs-and-prodigies/|title=Elon Musk: Patriarchs and Prodigies|year=2013|accessdate=June 11, 2015|website=CSQ|publisher=C-Suite Quarterly|last=Zanerhaft|first=Jaron}}</ref>|occupation=Entrepreneur, engineer, inventor, investor|known for=[[SpaceX]], [[PayPal]], [[Tesla Inc.]], [[Hyperloop]], [[SolarCity]], [[OpenAI]], [[The Boring Company]], [[Neuralink]], [[Zip2]]|known_for=[[SpaceX]], [[PayPal]], [[Tesla Inc.]], [[Hyperloop]], [[SolarCity]], [[OpenAI]], [[The Boring Company]], [[Neuralink]], [[Zip2]]|net worth=[[United States dollar|US$]]15.2 billion (May 2017)<!--DO NOT UPDATE THIS UNLESS YOU UPDATE THE ACCESS DATE--><ref name="The World's Billionaires List">{{cite web |title = The World's Billionaires List |url=https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/list/#version:static_country:United%20States |website=[[Forbes]] |accessdate=March 31, 2017}}</ref>|networth=[[United States dollar|US$]]15.2 billion (May 2017)<!--DO NOT UPDATE THIS UNLESS YOU UPDATE THE ACCESS DATE--><ref name="The World's Billionaires List"/>|title=CEO and [[Chief technology officer|CTO]] of [[SpaceX]]<br/> CEO and product architect of [[Tesla, Inc.]]<br/> CEO of [[Neuralink]]<br /> Chairman of [[SolarCity]]<br/> Co-chairman of [[OpenAI]]|spouse={{Plainlist| * {{Marriage|[[Justine Musk]]|2000|2008|reason=divorced}} * [[Talulah Riley]] ({{abbr|m.|married}} 2010–{{abbr|div.|divorced}} 2012; {{abbr|m.|married}} 2013–{{abbr|div.|divorced}} 2016)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/mar/21/elon-musk-talulah-riley-file-divorce-second-marriage|title=Actor Talulah Riley files to divorce billionaire Elon Musk, again|date=March 21, 2016|accessdate=April 20, 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|quote="The pair first married in 2010 and divorced in 2012. They remarried 18 months later."}}</ref><ref name="withdrawn">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3185591/Elon-Musk-withdraws-divorce-papers-against-wife-Talulah-Riley-one-month-pair-spotted-holding-hands-Allen-Company-conference.html|title=Elon Musk withdraws Talulah Riley divorce papers after being spotted at Allen & Company conference|date=August 5, 2015|work=Mail Online}}</ref> }}|children=6 <!-- including deceased children -->|parents=[[Maye Musk]] <small>(mother)</small><br />Errol Graham Musk <small>(father)</small>|relatives=[[Tosca Musk]] <small>(sister)</small><br />[[Kimbal Musk]] <small>(brother)</small><br/>[[Lyndon Rive]] <small>(cousin)</small>|signature=Elon Musk Signature.svg|signature alt=Elon Musk|signature_alt=Elon Musk}}''' '''Elon Reeve Musk''' (/ˈiːlɒn ˈmʌsk/; miyos 28 Juni 1971) punika panemu, pengusaha, lan [[Insinyur]] saking Amérika-Kanada ingkang miyos ing [[Afrika Kidul]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/p/Elon-Musk.htm|title=Biography of Elon Musk|accessdate=June 10, 2015|website=inventors.about.com|publisher=About.com|last=Bellis|first=Mary}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/video/3391084854001|title=The Top 10 Venture Capitalists on 2014's Midas List|accessdate=June 10, 2015|work=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/03/21/zuckerberg-musk-invest-in-artificial-intelligence-company-vicarious|title=Zuckerberg, Musk Invest in Artificial Intelligence Company|date=March 21, 2014|accessdate=June 10, 2015|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|last=Albergotti|first=Reed}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-mark-zuckerberg-invest-in-vicarious-2014-3?IR=T|title=Elon Musk And Mark Zuckerberg Have Invested Million in a Mysterious Artificial Intelligence Company|date=March 21, 2014|accessdate=June 10, 2015|website=Business Insider|publisher=[[Business Insider]]|last=Love|first=Dylan}}</ref> Dhèwèké pramakarsa, CEO, lan CTO ing [[SpaceX]]; pramakarsa, CEO, lan juru rancang produk [[Tesla Inc]]; pramakarsa lan CEO [[Neuralink]]; pramakarsa lan bos [[Solar City]]; bos [[OpenAl]]; pramakarsa [[Zip2]]; lan pramakarsa [[X.com]], kang banjur dilebur karo [[Confinity]]<nowiki/>lan dijenengi [[PayPal]]. Nganti sasi Mèi 2017, prakiran akèhé bandané Musk ya iku $15,2 milyar. Akèhé bandané iki ndadèkaké dhèwèké wong paling sugih nomer 80 sadonya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Elon Musk|url=http://www.forbes.com/profile/elon-musk/?list=billionaires|website=Forbes.com|accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref> Ing Désèmber 2016, Musk dadi wong gedhé dhéwé wibawané nomer 21 sadonya miturut Dhaptaré Forbes Babagan Wong-wong Ingkang Paling Gedhé Wibawané Sadonya.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |title= The World's Most Powerful People|author= |url= http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2016/12/14/the-worlds-most-powerful-people-2016/#26ec03f2368d|newspaper= Forbes|date= December 2016|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> Sawijining anggota saking kulawargi ingkang sugih saking Afrika Kidul, inggih punika [[Kulawargi Musk]], Elon lair wonten ing [[Pretoria]] lan saklajengipun kagungan masa sinau inggil wonten ing [[Universitas Pretoria]] sadèrèngipun pindhah dhateng Kanada nalika yuswa 18 warsa, kanthi gadhah kawarganagaraan liwat ibunipun ingkang miyos wonten ing Kanada. Wonten ing taun kaping kalih saklajengipun, piyambakipun [[Matriculation|mbiyantu]] ing [[Universitas Queen ing Kingston]] wonten ing Kanada. Musk saklajengipun mindhahaken sinau dhateng [[Universitas Pennsylvania]], lan nampi gelar sarjana wonten ing èkonomi lan fisika. Piyambakipun pindhah dhateng [[California]] ing taun 1995 kanggé sinau ing [[Universitas Stanford]]. Nanging, Musk mèntas saking kuliah sawisé rong dinten lan, kalihan sadhèrèkipun [[Kimbal Musk|Kimbal]], miwiti usaha piranti lunak [[pandhuan kutha]] online ingkang asmanipun [[Zip2]]. Perusahaan startup punika dipun tumbas déning [[Compaq]] kanthi regi $307 yuta ing taun 1999, lan, ing taun punika ugi Musk miwiti pendhirian [[X.com (bank)|X.com]], sawijining [[bank langsung]]. X.com nyawiji kalihan [[Confinity]] ing taun 2000 kanggé mbentuk [[PayPal]]. == Jaman cilik lan pawiyatané == Musk lair tanggal 28 Juni 1971 ing Pretoria, Gauteng, Afrika Kidul.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1676437/Elon-Musk|title=Elon Musk (South African entrepreneur)|publisher=Britannica Online Encyclopedia|accessdate=December 23, 2012}}</ref> Ibuné asma Maye Musk, modèl lan nimpuna dièt saka Regina, Kanada,<ref name="Biog">{{Triangulation|203|His Biography author [[Ashlee Vance]]}}, discussion of his family starts around the 15th minute</ref> lan bapaké asmané Errol Musk, insinyur èlèktromékanik, juru anggegana, lan juru samodra Afrika Kidul. Dhèwèké duwé adhi lanang jenengé Kimbal (lair 1972) lan adhi wadon Tosca (1974).<ref name="Biog"/><ref>{{cite journal|author=Friend, Tad|title=Plugged In|year=2009|journal=The New Yorker|volume=85|issue=23–30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UaAeAQAAMAAJ&q=Maye+Musk+elon+father&dq=Maye+Musk+elon+father|accessdate=December 23, 2012|page=53}}</ref><ref name=stlrafa>{{cite web|url=http://www.solartoday-digital.org/solartoday/201105/?pg=22|title=A Family Leads to the Installer Universe|date=May 2011|first=Seth|last=Masia|publisher=Solar Today|accessdate=December 23, 2012|archive-date=March 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310050229/http://www.solartoday-digital.org/solartoday/201105/?pg=22|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=forbes20120326>{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahelliott/2012/03/26/at-home-with-elon-musk-the-soon-to-be-bachelor-billionaire|title=At Home With Elon Musk: The (Soon-to-Be) Bachelor Billionaire|date=March 3, 2012|work=Forbes|first=Hannah|last=Elliott|accessdate=August 12, 2013}}</ref> Mbah wadon saka garis bapaké iku wong Inggris, lan dhèwèké uga duwé trah Walanda Pensylvania.<ref name=sjmn20140411>{{cite news|last=Hall|first=Dana|title=Rocket Man: The otherworldly ambitions of Elon Musk|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_25541126/rocket-man-otherworldy-ambitions-elon-musk|accessdate=April 14, 2014|newspaper=San Jose Mercury News|date=April 11, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahelliott/2012/03/26/at-home-with-elon-musk-the-soon-to-be-bachelor-billionaire/|title=At Home With Elon Musk: The (Soon-to-Be) Bachelor Billionaire|author=Hannah Elliott|work=Forbes|accessdate=May 30, 2015}}</ref> Mbah kakung saka ibuné wong Amérikah, saka Minnesota.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/828300245998116864|title=Tweet|date=February 5, 2017}}</ref> Sabanjuré wong tuwané pegatan ing taun 1980, Musk luwih kerep urip bareng bapaké ing pinggiran Pretoria. Saka jaman cilikané, Musk wis seneng maca.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_W9-CSW-681|last=Vance|first=Ashley|publisher=|year=2015|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref> Nalika umur 10 taun, dhèwèké seneng komputer lan dolanan Commodore VIC-20.<ref name="Rue89-2015-05-28">{{cite news|url=http://rue89.nouvelobs.com/2015/05/27/elon-musk-tesla-spacex-genie-predateur-silicon-valley-259376|title=Elon Musk (Tesla, SpaceX): génie ou prédateur de la Silicon Valley?|author=Pierre Haski|publisher=rue89.nouvelobs.com|date=May 28, 2015|language=fr|access-date=May 20, 2017|archive-date=November 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118193113/http://rue89.nouvelobs.com/2015/05/27/elon-musk-tesla-spacex-genie-predateur-silicon-valley-259376|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dhèwèké sinau carané gawé program komputer dhéwé nalika umur 12 taun, banjur ngedol kodhe vidio gim Blastar saka BASIC gawéyané dhéwé menang kalawarta PC lan Office Technology kira-kira ana $500.<ref name="belfiore">{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Belfiore|title=Rocketeers|url=https://archive.org/details/rocketeershowvis00belf_0|publisher=Harper Collins|year=2007|isbn=978-0-06-114902-3|chapter=Chapter 7: Orbit on a Shoestring|pages=[https://archive.org/details/rocketeershowvis00belf_0/page/187 166]–95}}</ref> Gim iki isih ana ing internèt. Nalika isih cilik, Musk kerep digodha lan ditukari kanca-kancané. Dhèwèké tau lumebu rumah sakit gara-gara diuncalaké saka dhuwur undhak-undhakan banjur dijotosi nganti semaput karo kanca-kancané.<ref name="auto">{{cite book|last=Vance|first=Ashlee|date=2015|title=Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_W9-CSW-681|isbn=978-0062301239}}</ref> Musk ing kawitan disekolahaké ing sekolah partikelir Waterkloof House Preparatory School kang nganggo [[basa Inggris]]. Musk banjur lulus saka Pretoria Boys High School lan boyong menyang Kanada nalika sasi Juni 1989, nepaki sadurungé ambal warsané kang kaping 18,<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://www.boomsbeat.com/articles/323/20140214/50-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-elon-musk.htm|title=37 Interesting Facts about Elon Musk, One of the Most Innovative Entrepreneurs of Our Time|date = February 14, 2014|accessdate=June 10, 2015|website=BoomsBeat.com}}</ref> sabanjuré diaku dadi warga Kanada sarana ibuné.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3666994/One-more-giant-leap.html|title=One more giant leap|last=Davis|first=Johnny|date=August 4, 2007|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=November 1, 2013|location=London}}</ref><ref name="freshdialogues">{{cite web|url=http://www.freshdialogues.com/2013/02/07/transcript-of-elon-musk-interview-with-alison-van-diggelen-iron-man-growing-up-in-south-africa|title=Iron Man, Growing up in South Africa|last=Diggelen|first=Alison van|date=February 7, 2013|work=Fresh Dialogues|quote=I actually filled out the forms for her and got her a Canadian passport, and me too. Within three weeks of getting my Canadian passport, I was in Canada.|accessdate=November 1, 2013}}</ref> Jalaran ibuné asli Kanada, dhèwèké wis dianggep dadi wong Kanada wiwit lair. Nalika umur 17 taun, Musk ketampa kuliah sarjana ing Queen's University ing Kingston, Ontario. Ing taun 1992, sawisé rong taun ing kampus kuwi, Musk malih menyang Universitas Pennsylvania, panggonan kang mènèhi dhèwèké gelar Sarjana Sains ing Fisika lan Sarjana Sains ing Ékonomi. Musk sengaja ndawakaké wektu kuliyahé saperlu ngrampungaké program ing Ékonomi.<ref>{{Cite news| archivedate=May 4, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504190113/http://queensu.ca/alumnireview/rocket-man|url=http://queensu.ca/alumnireview/rocket-man|title=Rocket man|author=Robin Keats|publisher=[[Queen's University]]|year=2013}}</ref> Nalika jaman semana, Musk lan kanca kuliyahé kang jenengé Adeo Ressi nyewa omah kanggo didadèkaké diskoték cilik-cilikan. Sawetara taun 1995, Musk boyong menyang California kanggo kuliah program PhD Fisika Terapan lan Ngèlmu Material ing Universitas Stanford, nanging dhèwèké ora nerusaké sekolahé lan banjur milih dadi wiraswasta sawisé lumebu mung rong dina ing kampus kuwi.<ref name=belfiore/><ref name=OnInnovation>{{cite video|url=http://www.oninnovation.com/videos/detail.aspx?video=1259&title=Inspirations|title=Inspirations with Elon Musk|publisher= OnInnovation|accessdate=June 24, 2010}}</ref> == Pakaryan == === Zip2 === Ing taun 1995, Musk lan adhiné, Kimbal, miwiti Zip2, perusahaan program web, nganggo dhuwité bapaké akèhé $2000. Perusahaan kuwi ngrembaka lan masaraké gagaran kutha ing internèt kanggo indhustri panerbitan ariwarta.<ref name= Friedman>{{citation|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/org/news/2003/030422-space01.htm|title=Entrepreneur Tries His Midas Touch in Space|date=April 22, 2003|first=Josh|last=Friedman|work= Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Musk olèh kontrak saka The New York Times lan The Chicago Tribune sarta mbujuki para dirèkturé supaya ora sida nggabung perusahaané karo CitySearch.<ref name="Startup Playbook">{{cite book|title=The Startup Playbook: Secrets of the Fastest Growing Start-Ups from the founding Entrepreneurs|url=https://archive.org/details/startupplaybooks0000kidd|publisher=Chronicle Books|author1=Kidder, David |author2=Hoffman, Reid |year=2013|location=San Francisco, CA|pages=2224–228|isbn=978-1452105048}}</ref> Nalika ing Zip2, Musk péngin dadi CEO, nanging para panggedhé perusahaan ora ana kang ngidini.<ref name="auto"/> Compaq nuku Zip2 US$307 yuta kontan lan US$34 yuta ing wujud saham nalika wulan Fèbruari 1999. Musk olèh US$22 yuta saka pérangané kang 7% ing payuné Zip2.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shareholder.com/Common/Edgar/1065088/891618-03-1538/03-00.pdf|publisher=eBay|title=SEC 10-K|format=PDF|date=December 31, 2002}}</ref> === X.com lan PayPal === Ing wulan Maret 1999, Musk lan mitrané ngadegaké X.com, sawijining usaha kang ngurusi babagan dhuwit jeroring lan pratèlan bayar-bayaran mawa layang èlèktronik, kanthi dhuwit US$10 yuta saka adol Zip2.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=Friedman/><ref name="Startup Playbook"/> Setaun sabanjuré, perusahaan iki dilebur karo Confinity,<ref name="paypalwars">{{cite web|url=http://www.notablebiographies.com/news/Li-Ou/Musk-Elon.html#b|work=Advameg|title=Elon Musk Biography|date=August 23, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Jackson|first=Erik|title=[[The PayPal Wars]]|year=2004|publisher=World Ahead Publishing|location=Los Angeles, CA|pages=[https://archive.org/details/paypalwarsbattle0000jack/page/40 40], 69, 130, 163}}</ref> kang pangudiné nyediani sarana kirim dhuwit aran PayPal. Rong usaha kang wis nyawiji kuwi mau banjur ganti jeneng dadi Paypal lan mung ngurus bisnis kirim dhuwité Paypal ing taun 2001. Ing taun 2002, Paypal dituku eBay kanthi rega US$1,5 milyar ing pasar saham. Saka dol-tinukon iki Musk éntuk US$165yuta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103415/000091205702009834/a2073071z10-k405.htm|publisher=Paypal|title=SEC 10-K|date=December 31, 2001}}</ref> === SpaceX === Musk ngadegaké Space Exploration Technologies, utawa SpaceX, ing wulan Mèi 2012. Dhèwèké duwé pangemu nggawé usaha iki, sabanjuré ping pindho lunga menyang Ruslan kanggo tuku rokèt nanging ora sida tuku amarga miturut Musk regané kelarangen. Dhèwèké péngin tuku rokèt kanggo minangka panggayuhé kanggo jajah Mars. Ing dalan [[bali]] saka Moskow, Musk mikir yèn dhèwèké bisa nggawé usaha yasa roket dhéwé kang luwih murah.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-elon-musk-spacex/ |title=Elon Musk's space dream almost killed Tesla|date=May 14, 2015|accessdate=June 7, 2015|website=Bloomberg L.P.|last=Vance|first=Ashlee}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jurvetson-spacex-elon-musk-2012-9|title=How Steve Jurvetson Saved Elon Musk|date=September 14, 2012|work=Business Insider}}</ref> Miturut investor wiwitané Tesla lan SpaceX, Steve Jurvetson, Musk ngitung yèn piranti kanggo yasa rokèt satemené mung ngentèkaké wragad 3% saka rega wutuhé rokèt.<ref>{{cite av médhia|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aXNWGwis4w |title=SpaceX and Daring to Think Big – Steve Jurvetson|date=January 28, 2015|publisher=YouTube}}</ref> Musk ngadegaké usaha iki sarana dhuwité US$100 yuta saka usaha-usaha sadurungé.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/05/business/yourmoney/05rocket.html |title=A Bold Plan to Go Where Men Have Gone Before|date=February 5, 2006|first=Leslie|last=Wayne|work=The New York Times|accessdate=February 16, 2015}}</ref> Dhèwèké dadi CEOné. Jejibahan mligi SpaceX ya iku ngembangaké tèhnologi roket. Roket kang wiwitan bisa diluncuraké ya iku Falcon 1 lan Falcon 9, sarta tetunggangan luar akasa kapisané aran Dragon.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.spacex.com|title=SpaceX}}</ref> Ing taun 2008, Falcon 1 dadi tetunggangan kang nganggo dana partikelir kapisan kang bisa masang satelit ing orbit bumi.<ref name="auto" /> Nalika tanggal 25 Mèi 2012, Dragone SpaceX parkir ing International Space Station (ISS). Kadadéan iki ndadèkaké SpaceX dadi usaha komersil kapisan kang mbudhalaké lan markir tetunggangan menyang ISS.<ref>{{cite news|last=Harwood|first=William|title=SpaceX Dragon returns to Earth, ends historic trip|url= http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57444590/spacex-dragon-returns-to-earth-ends-historic-trip/?tag=cbsnewsSectionContent.10 |publisher=CBS News|accessdate=August 3, 2013|date=May 31, 2012}}</ref> Ing 2006, perusahaan iki kanugrahan kontrak saka NASA kanggo ngembangaké lan nguji Falcon 9 sarta Dragon supaya bisa ngirim gawan menyang ISS. SpaceX saya maju. Ing tanggal 22 Dèsèmber 2015, SpaceX bisa ngudhunaké sawijining rokèt Falcone bali menyang pangggonan budhalé. Iki prastawa anyar ing jagad rokèt orbit amarga lumrahé rokèt kang wis ngluncuraké satelit ora bisa bali mudhun saéngga njalari regané rokèt dadi larang. Angen-angené Musk ya iku supaya bisa nyuda wragad lelungané manungsa menyang luar akasa kanthi faktor 10. Ing sawijining wawancara ing taun 2011, dhèwèké ngomong yèn dhèwèké péngin mbudhalaké manungsa menyang Mars ing 10-20 ing tembé mburi. Dhèwèké péngin nggawé koloni kang isiné 80.000 uwong ing Mars mengko taun 2040. Miturut Musk, jalaran ing Mars ora ana oksigèn, kabèh tetunggangan kudu nganggo listrik (montor listrik, sepur listrik, Hyperloop, lan kapal mabur listrik). SpaceX dikarepaké bisa mbudhalaké Dragon menyang Mars ing taun 2018. === Tesla === Tesla, Inc.(asliné Tesla Motors) diadegaké ing Juli 2003 déning Martin Eberhard lan Marc Tarpenning kang mragadi usaha iki nganti mangsa ngempalaké wragad kanggo Series A.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://techcrunch.com/gallery/a-brief-history-of-tesla|title=A Brief History of Tesla|date=October 8, 2014|accessdate=June 11, 2015|website=TechCrunch|publisher=TechCrunch.com|last=Burns|first=Matt|archive-date=June 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614233419/https://techcrunch.com/gallery/a-brief-history-of-tesla/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wong loro iku minangka panggedhé mligi Tesla sadurungé Musk lumebu ing wulan Fèbruari 2004. Sawisé lumebu, Musk dadi pandhéganing para direktur ing kono. Musk ya mèlu urun rembug rancangan prodhuk Roadster nganti sathithi, nanging ora patia mèlu ngurus lakuning bisnis ing padinan.<ref>{{cite web|last=Musk|first=Elon|url=http://www.teslamotors.com/about/executives/elonmusk|title=CEO Elon Musk|publisher=Tesla Motors|accessdate=October 20, 2010}}</ref> Sabanjuré krisis 2008,<ref>{{cite news|first=Chris|last=Morrison|date=October 15, 2008|url=https://www.nytimes.com/external/venturebeat/2008/10/15/15venturebeat-elon-musk-steps-in-as-ceo-at-tesla-lays-off-99182.html|title=Musk steps in as CEO|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Musk dadi CEO lan juru rancang wetoné Tesla nganti saiki. Tesla kawitané nggawé montor sport Roadster ing taun 2008 kang payu 2500 iji ing 31 nagara. Tesla banjur nggawé sédan Modhèl S taun 2012 lan ngedol Modhèl X taun 2015. Saliyané nggawé lan ngedol montor, Tesla uga ngedol sistem mesin listrik marang Daimler, Mercedes, lan Toyota.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/joannmuller/2013/06/01/what-do-toyota-and-mercedes-see-in-tesla-a-bit-of-themselves|title=What Do Toyota And Mercedes See in Tesla? A Bit of Themselves|author=Joann Muller|work=Forbes.com|date=June 1, 2013}}</ref> === SolarCity === Musk nyedhiani rèngrèngan lan wragad wiwit bukaning SolarCity kang diadegaké nalika taun 2006 déning misanané, Lyndon lan Peter Rive.<ref name="Management Team">{{cite web|url=http://www.solarcity.com/media-center/management-team.aspx|publisher=SolarCity|title=Management Team|access-date=2017-05-20|archive-date=2014-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508200610/http://www.solarcity.com/media-center/management-team.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Kanellos">{{cite web|first=Michael|last=Kanellos|date=February 15, 2008|title=Newsmaker: Elon Musk on rockets, sports cars, and solar power|url=http://news.cnet.com/Elon-Musk-on-rockets,-sports-cars,-and-solar-power---page-2/2008-11389_3-6230661-2.html|publisher=CNET|access-date=June 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129063308/http://news.cnet.com/Elon-Musk-on-rockets,-sports-cars,-and-solar-power---page-2/2008-11389_3-6230661-2.html|archive-date=January 29, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> SolarCity saiki perusahaan kang nyedhiani sistem tenaga surya gedhé dhéwé nomer loro ing [[Amérika Sarékat|Amérikah Sarékat]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/top-250-solar-contractors|title=2013 Top 250 Solar Contractors|work=Solar Power World|date=September 13, 2013}}</ref> Usaha iki duwé gegayuhan kang padha karo Tesla, ya iku ngalahaké pamanasan global. Ing taun 2014, Musk yasa pabrik kang dadi sawijining pabrik panèl surya gedhé dhéwé sadonya. Sawisé kuwi, SolarCity terus bangun pabrik-pabrik liyané. Nalika 2016, Tesla kanthi resmi nawa arep nuku SolarCity. === Hyperloop === Ing tanggal 12 Agustus 2013, Musk mbocoraké rèngrèngan sistem transportasi kilat kanthi komprèsor udara.<ref name=gm20130822>{{cite web|url=http://www.gizmag.com/hyperloop-musk-analysis/28672|title=Beyond the hype of Hyperloop: An analysis of Elon Musk's proposed transit system|work=Gizmag.com|date=August 22, 2013|accessdate=August 23, 2013}}</ref> Saliyané nuduhaké rancangan wiwitané, Musk uga njlèntrèhaké panggonan kang arep diyasa sistem transportasi anyar kuwi. Sistem iki bakal diyasa ing antarané Los Angels lan San Fransisco.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-08-12/revealed-elon-musk-explains-the-hyperloop|title=Revealed: Elon Musk Explains the Hyperloop, the Solar-Powered High-Speed Future of Inter-City Transportation|author=[[Ashlee Vance]]|work=[[Bloomberg BusinessWeek]]|accessdate=April 27, 2016}}</ref> Kanthi sistem iki, lelungan adohé semono bakal luwih murah saka tetunggangan-tetunggangan liyané. Saiki Musk wis wiwit yasa trowongan kanggo Hyperloop. === Neuralink === Ing taun 2016, Musk karo kancané mrakarsani perusahaan neurotèhnologi ajeneng Neuralink. Perusahaan iki minangkani kekarepané Musk kanggo nyambungaké uteké manungsa karo utek gawéan. Jejibahan wiwitané ya iku agawé piranti kang bisa dipasang ing uteké manungsa supaya manungsa bisa migunakaké tèhnologi utek gawéan kanthi luwih gampang. Kanthi piranti kuwi lan tèhnologi utek gawéan, manungsa mengko bisa nambah daya pangélingé lan bisa langsung nyambung karo komputer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theverge.com/2017/3/27/15077864/elon-musk-neuralink-brain-computer-interface-ai-cyborgs|title=Elon Musk launches Neuralink, a venture to merge the human brain with AI|date=2017-03-27|website=The Verge|access-date=2017-04-10}}</ref> == Pangemu bab agama == Nalika ditakoni apa dhèwèké percaya ananing pepesthèn kang mèlu minangka bisaning manungsa urip ing planit liya, Musk nyauri:<blockquote>Ya, aku percaya. Kira-kira apa aku percaya ananing Gusti Ingkang Murbeng Dumadi? Tak pikir kayané ora, amarga banjur kowé kudu takon: "Saka ngendi asalé Gusti kuwi?" Dadine pitakonan kang dhedhasar prakiran. Tak pikir kowé bisa mratélakaké iki kanthi kukum fisika dhasar. Kadadéan kang angèl dingertèni iki satemené saka prakara sepélé.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oninnovation.com/videos/detail.aspx?video=1549&title=Going+to+Mars|title=Going to Mars with Elon Musk|date=June 2008|accessdate=June 10, 2015|website=OnInnovation.com|archive-date=January 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108144324/http://www.oninnovation.com/videos/detail.aspx?video=1549&title=Going+to+Mars|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote>Musk ngomong yèn dhèwèké ora ndonga utawa nyembah apa-apa, masiya tau ngakoni yèn biyèn sadurungé ngluncuraké Falcon 1 dhèwèké ndonga, "Sapa baé kang ngrungokaké dongaku tulung berkahana ayahan iki." Nalika ditakoni apa dhèwèké percaya yèn agama lan sains bisa ana sesandhingan, dhèwèke nyauri, "Kayané ora."<ref name="Wilson">{{cite web|url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/3/19/4122624/elon-musk-mars-colony-terraforming-spacex-video-rainn-wilson-metaphysical-milkshake|title=Elon Musk and Rainn Wilson discuss colonizing Mars, global warming, and the fear of failure|date=March 19, 2013|accessdate=June 12, 2015|website=The Verge}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Kategori:Lair 1971]] [[Kategori:Panemu Amérikah Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 1]] [[Kategori:Wong Afrika Kidul]] [[Kategori:Wong Amérika Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Wong Kanadha]] edq6ut44la2szfef55gby3xsx4kfo3k Love Forecast 0 138098 1760247 1751297 2026-11-06T09:25:35Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = Love Forecast | image = TodaysLoveOfficialposter1.jpeg | caption = Theatrical poster for ''Love Forecast'' | director = [[Park Jin-pyo]] | producer = Jung Dae-hoon | writer = [[Lee Byeong-heon (filmmaker)|Lee Byeong-heon]] <br/> Park Jin-pyo | starring = [[Lee Seung-gi]]<br/>[[Moon Chae-won]]<br/>[[Lee Seo-jin]] | music = Jeong Se-rin | cinematography = Seong Seung-taek | editing = Bae Ye-eun | studio = Popcorn F&M | distributor = [[CJ Entertainment]] | released = {{film date|2015|1|15}} | runtime = 118 menit | country = Koréa Kidul | language = Koréa | budget = {{SK won|6 billion}} | gross = {{SK won|15 billion}}/ {{USD|13.4 million}} }} '''''Love Forecast''''' (lit. '''''Today's Love''''') inggih punika [[filem]] [[sandhiwara]] [[Komedi|kumedhi romantis]] saking [[Koréa Kidul]] ingkang kadamel taun [[2015]]. Filem punika dipunsutradarani lan kaanggit skénarionipun déning [[Park Jin-pyo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2999188|title=Latest movies are labors of love for directors|date=2 January 2015|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|last1=Jin|first1=Eun-soo|accessdate=6 January 2015|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107055645/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2999188|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201501081814301403756_2|title=Lee Seung-gi willing to ride high with fans|date=8 January 2015|website=[[The Korea Herald|K-Pop Herald]]|last1=Doo|first1=Rumy|accessdate=27 January 2015}}</ref> Para juru paraga ingkang kadhapuk maragani filem punika antawisipun [[Lee Seung-gi]] lan [[Moon Chae-won]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soompi.com/2014/07/24/lee-seung-gi-and-moon-chae-won-confirmed-for-new-romance-film/|title=Lee Seung Gi and Moon Chae Won Confirmed for New Romance Film|date=24 July 2014|website=[[Soompi]]|accessdate=18 September 2014|archive-date=21 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221160226/http://www.soompi.com/2014/07/24/lee-seung-gi-and-moon-chae-won-confirmed-for-new-romance-film/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kdramastars.com/articles/30378/20140725/lee-seung-gi-to-romance-moon-chae-won-in-todays-love.htm|title=Lee Seung Gi To Romance Moon Chae Won In ''Today's Love''|date=25 July 2014|website=KDramaStars|last1=Jones|first1=Julie|accessdate=18 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201412021653514281284_2|title=Lee Seung-gi, Moon Chae-won's chemistry to hit screen|last=Kim|first=Min-jin|date=2 December 2014|website=[[The Korea Herald|K-Pop Herald]]|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201412161451379469458_2|title=Lee Seung-gi says Moon Chae-won is cute and charming|date=16 December 2014|website=[[The Korea Herald|K-Pop Herald]]|last1=Kim|first1=Min-jin|accessdate=26 December 2014}}</ref> Kanggé [[Lee Seung-gi]] filem punika pakaryan ingkang kapisan, lan pinanggihanipun malih kaliyan [[Moon Chae-won]] sasampunipun sami-sami makarya ing [[sandhiwara]] [[tivi]] ''[[Brilliant Legacy]]'' taun 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/71744/leeseunggi-and-moonchaewon-to-act-in-movie-todays-love|title=Lee Seung Gi and Moon Chae Won Confirmed for Film ''Today's Love''|date=25 July 2014|website=enewsWorld|last1=Lee|first1=So-dam|accessdate=13 October 2014}}</ref> ''Love Forecast'' wiwit ditindakaken prodhuksinipun wulan Juli 2014 dumugi surya 9 Novèmber 2014 lan dipunbabar ing surya 15 Januari 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201411111139167272460_2|title=Lee Seung-gi finishes filming his first movie|date=11 November 2014|website=[[The Korea Herald|K-Pop Herald]]|last1=Kim|first1=Min-jin|accessdate=28 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201412151705100559323_2|title=Lee Seung-gi, Moon Chae-won's romance film to launch on Jan.15|last=Kim|first=Min-jin|date=15 December 2014|website=[[The Korea Herald|K-Pop Herald]]|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmbiz.asia/news/cjs-ode-and-forecast-lead-korea-box-office|title=CJ's Ode and Forecast lead Koréa box office|last=Ma|first=Kevin|date=19 January 2015|website=[[Film Business Asia]]|accessdate=19 January 2015|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105160806/http://www.filmbiz.asia/news/cjs-ode-and-forecast-lead-korea-box-office|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2999850|title=''Ode'' holds on at No. 1 against ''Love Forecast''|date=20 January 2015|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|last1=Jin|first1=Eun-soo|accessdate=23 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728005652/https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2999850|archive-date=28 July 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ringkesan == Pranata adicara prakiran mangsa Kim Hyun-woo (Moon Chae-won) misuwur awit saking kaéndahan pasuryanipun ing ngajeng layar televisi. Nanging ing sajawinipun studhiyo, piyambakipun bénten sanget, asring ngunjuk alkohol lan ngendikan mboten saé. Hyun-woo sampun srawung wolu las taun kaliyan Kang Joon-soo (Lee Seung-gi), satunggalipun guru sekolah dhasar ingkang saèstu lembah manah, tansah maringi kawigatosan dhumateng piyambakipun, nanging malah dipunsiya-siya. Kèndelan, Joon-soo tresna dhumateng Hyun-woo, nanging Kim Hyun-woo ngakèni bilih piyambakipun mboten tresna, lan Kang Joon-soo boten mangertos kedah tumindak punapa, nalika Kim nggodha réncang kuliyahipun, Lee Dong-jin (Lee Seo-jin) ingkang sampun sesémahan. Lajeng piyambakipun késah sesarengan kaliyan juru poto, Yeom Hyo-bong (Jung Joon-young) ingkang ayu nanging mboseni. == Ingkang maragani == * [[Lee Seung-gi]]-Kang Joon-soo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201501271808470600200_2|title=Lee Seung-gi talks about love, relationships|date=27 January 2015|website=[[The Korea Herald|K-Pop Herald]]|last1=Ock|first1=Hyun-ju|accessdate=27 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/84947/interview-lee-seung-gi-prefers-a-stable-relationship-as-compared-to-push-pull|title=Interview: Lee Seung Gi Prefers a Stable Relationship as Compared to Push & Pull|date=17 January 2015|website=enewsWorld|last1=Kim|first1=Hyung-woo|accessdate=9 April 2015}}</ref> * [[Moon Chae-won]]-Kim Hyun-woo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=3000568|title=Moon pulls off role as a modern girl|date=5 February 2015|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|last1=Bae|first1=Jung-hyeon|accessdate=5 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204230247/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=3000568|archive-date=4 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** [[Hong Hwa-ri]]-Hyun-woo nem * [[Lee Seo-jin]]-Lee Dong-jin * [[Jung Joon-young]]-Yeom Hyo-bong/Andrew<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2014/08/after-schools-lizzy-and-jung-joon-young-to-make-movie-debut-through-todays-love|title=After School's Lizzy and Jung Joon Young to make movie debut through ''Today's Love''|date=1 August 2014|website=[[Allkpop]]|accessdate=18 September 2014}}</ref> * Go Yoon-Jae-joong * [[Lizzy (singer)|Lizzy]]-Min-ah<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soompi.com/2014/08/01/after-schools-lizzy-cast-in-movie-todays-love-to-act-alongside-lee-seung-gi-and-moon-chae-won/|title=After School's Lizzy Cast in Movie ''Today's Love'', to Act Alongside Lee Seung Gi and Moon Chae Won|date=1 August 2014|website=[[Soompi]]|accessdate=18 September 2014|archive-date=23 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223132231/https://www.soompi.com/2014/08/01/after-schools-lizzy-cast-in-movie-todays-love-to-act-alongside-lee-seung-gi-and-moon-chae-won/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Ryu Hwayoung]]-Hee-jin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/72068/hwayoung-cast-in-todays-love|title=Hwa Young Joins Lee Seung Gi for Film ''Today's Love''|date=30 July 2014|website=enewsWorld|last1=Lee|first1=Ji-young|accessdate=18 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/86486/hwayoung-interview|title=Interview: Hwa Young Opens Up About Revealing Scene in ''Today's Love'', Returning as a Singer and More|date=8 February 2015|website=enewsWorld|last1=Lee|first1=Jin-ho|accessdate=9 April 2015}}</ref> * Park Si-eun-Joon-hee * Ha Kyeong-min-Han Seong-gu * Park Eun-ji-Cha Myung-sun * Nam Neung-mi-Bath house granny * Hong Seong-heun-Priya * Song Young-chang-Headquarters * Im Jong-yoon-General manager * [[Im Ha-ryong]] * [[Kim Kap-soo]] * Lee Kyung-jin * Kim Bu-seon * [[Kim Kwang-kyu (actor)|Kim Kwang-kyu]] * [[Hong Seok-cheon]]-ingkang gadhah restoran My Thai China * [[Kim So-yeon]] * [[Gain (singer)|Son Ga-in]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soompi.com/2014/09/17/brown-eyed-girls-ga-in-to-make-cameo-appearance-in-lee-seung-gi-and-moon-chae-wons-movie-todays-love/|title=Brown Eyed Girls' Ga In to Make Cameo Appearance in Lee Seung Gi and Moon Chae Won's Movie ''Today's Love''|date=17 September 2014|website=[[Soompi]]|accessdate=18 September 2014|archive-date=31 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731083945/https://www.soompi.com/2014/09/17/brown-eyed-girls-ga-in-to-make-cameo-appearance-in-lee-seung-gi-and-moon-chae-wons-movie-todays-love/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala njawi == * {{official website|http://www.todaylove2015.co.kr/}} {{ko icon}} * {{facebook|todaylove2015|''Love Forecast''}} {{ko icon}} * {{imdb title|4315956|Love Forecast}} {{artikel ing krama}} [[Kategori:Filem drama]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 1]] r557ue3fsg68utq6a3u4pnjodax09g9 Go North (filem) 0 138743 1759983 1613184 2026-11-05T19:46:10Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=Go North|image=Go North (film).png|alt=|caption=Film poster|director=[[Matt Ogens]]|producers=Josh Gold <br> Jay Thames|writers=Kyle Lierman <br> Matt Ogens|starring=[[Jacob Lofland]] <br> [[Sophie Kennedy Clark]] <br> [[Patrick Schwarzenegger]] <br> [[James Bloor (actor)|James Bloor]]|music=[[Greg Kuehn]]|cinematography=[[John Tipton]]|editing=Hal Honigsberg<br/>[[Chris Chan Lee]]|production companies=Mother + Father<br> 77 Films|distributor=[[Gunpowder & Sky]]<br>[[Orion Pictures]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkZgVioEGIM</ref>|released={{film date|2017|01|13|Amérikah Sarékat|df=y}}|runtime=105 menit|country=Amérikah Sarékat|language=Basa Inggris|budget=|gross=<!--(please use condensed and rounded values, e.g. "£11.6 million" not "£11,586,221")-->}} '''''Go North''''' inggih punika [[filem]] [[Fiksi sains|Fiksi ilmiah thriller]] saking [[Amérikah Sarékat]] ingkang kadamel taun 2017. Filem punika dipunsutradarani [[Matt Ogens]], dhedhasar skénario anggitanipun piyambak, sesarengan kaliyan Kyle Lierman. Ingkang maragani filem punika antawisipun [[Jacob Lofland]], [[Sophie Kennedy Clark]], [[Patrick Schwarzenegger]], lan [[James Bloor (actor)|James Bloor]]. ''Go North'' dipunbabar ing surya 13 Januari 2017 déning [[Gunpowder & Sky]] dan [[Orion Pictures]]. == Ingkang maragani == * [[Jacob Lofland]]<ref name="Aug2015THR" />-Josh * [[Sophie Kennedy Clark]]<ref name="Aug2015THR" />-Jessie * [[Patrick Schwarzenegger]]<ref name="Aug2015THR" />-Caleb * [[James Bloor (actor)|James Bloor]]<ref name="BloorCast" />-Gentry * [http://www.imdb.me/atif Atif Hashwi<ref name="Aug2015FP" />][[Go North (filem)#cite note-Aug2015FP-4|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[4]</span>]][[Go North (filem)#cite note-Aug2015FP-4|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[4]</span>]][[Go North (film)#cite note-Aug2015FP-4|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[4]</span>]][[Go North (film)#cite note-Aug2015FP-4|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[4]</span>]]-Ryan * Derek Brandon<ref name="Aug2015FP" />-Connor * [[Josh Close]]-Martin * [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm5919880/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm Jostein Sagnes]-Jas == Latar wingking == Ingkang dipundhapuk minangka juru musik ing filem inggih punika [[Greg Kuehn]] sesarengan kaliyan Josh Gold lan Jay Thames.<ref name="Aug2015THR">{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/patrick-schwarzenegger-photo-indie-film-815943|title=First Look at Patrick Schwarzenegger, Jacob Lofland in 'North' (Exclusive)|date=August 18, 2015|work=hollywoodreporter.com|last1=Lewis|first1=Hilary|accessdate=August 27, 2015}}</ref> [[Matt Ogens]] lan Kyle Lierman sayuk karya nyerat skénario filem punika.<ref name="Aug2015THR" /> Para juru paraga ingkang kajibah maragani filem punika antawisipun [[Jacob Lofland]], [[Sophie Kennedy Clark]], [[Patrick Schwarzenegger]], lan Atif Hashwi.<ref name="Aug2015THR" /><ref name="Aug2015FP" /> [[James Bloor (actor)|James Bloor]] ugi nyawiji salajengipun.<ref name="BloorCast">{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/leatherface-actor-joins-post-apocalyptic-816716|title='Leatherface' Actor Joins Post-Apocalyptic Thriller 'North'|date=August 20, 2015|work=hollywoodreporter.com|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|accessdate=August 27, 2015}}</ref><ref>IMDB [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm5919880/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm Jostein Sagnes Jostein Sagnes]</ref> Pandamelan filem kawiwitan ing surya 21 Juli 2015 mundhut papan panggènan wonten [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]].<ref name="Aug2015FP">{{cite news|url=http://www.freep.com/story/entertainment/movies/2015/08/10/movie-patrick-schwarzenegger-detroit-north-matt-ogens/31415581/|title=Movie with Patrick Schwarzenegger filming in Detroit|date=August 10, 2015|work=freep.com|last1=Hinds|first1=Julie|accessdate=August 27, 2015}}</ref> [[Gunpowder & Sky]] ngedum filem punika winatesan ing sapérang gedhong biyoskup ing Amérikah Sarékat lan nyawisaken ugi awujud [[video on demand]], ing surya 13 Januari 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinemabluster.com/go-north-on-january-13th-gunpowder-sky-to-release-acclaimed-post-apocalyptic-coming-of-age-tale/|title=Go North on January 13th! Gunpowder & Sky to Release Acclaimed Post-Apocalyptic Coming-of-Age Tale|last=Sharp|first=David J.|date=November 26, 2016|website=Cinema Bluster|accessdate=December 4, 2016|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6mUa3uKAc?url=http://www.cinemabluster.com/go-north-on-january-13th-gunpowder-sky-to-release-acclaimed-post-apocalyptic-coming-of-age-tale/|archivedate=December 4, 2016|url-status=dead|df=}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * {{IMDb title|4960764|Go North}} {{artikel ing krama}} [[Kategori:Film Amérikah Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Film Amérikah Sarékat taun 2017]] [[Kategori:Film taun 2017]] [[Kategori:Film berbahasa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Film thriller]] [[Kategori:Film fiksi ilmiah]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 1]] {{stub}} 2kdtyx6l5fcm6vv1w7u1s1jqhye3u0k Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata 0 139451 1760021 1725785 2026-11-05T21:42:02Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}}{{Taxobox | name = ''Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata'' | image = Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.jpg | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | classis = [[Insect]]a | ordo = [[Beetle|Coleoptera]] | familia = [[Coccinellidae]] | genus = ''[[Henosepilachna]]'' | species = '''''H. vigintioctopunctata''''' | binomial = ''Henosepilachna&nbsp;vigintioctopunctata'' | binomial_authority = ([[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1775) | synonyms = ''Coccinella 28-punctata'' Fabricius, 1775<br> ''Coccinella sparsa'' Herbst, 1786<br> ''Epilachna gradaria'' Mulsant, 1850<br> ''Epilachna territa'' Mulsant, 1850<br> ''Epilachna vigintioctopunctata'' Auctt.<br> ''Epilachna sparsa'' Auctt. }} '''''Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata '''''iku spésiès [[kumbang koksi]] saka kulawarga [[Coccinellidae]]. Tengeran kang gampang saka [[kumbang]] iki bisa katitik saka tutul ireng cacah 28 ing suwiwiné. Spésiès iki sadurungé dijenengi ''Epilachna vigintioctopunctata'' lan asring samar karo spésiès liya<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2108/zsj.14.869|title=Species of ''Epilachna'' ladybird beetles |author=Haruo Katakura |date=September 20, 1997 |publisher=[[BioOne]] |accessdate=April 6, 2010}}</ref> kang aran ''Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata'' kang sumebar ing Ruslan, Cina, Jepang lan Koréa. Déné ''Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata'' asalé saka Asia kidul wétan, banjur sumebar nganti Australia<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ozanimals.com/Insect/Twenty-Eight-Spot-Ladybird/Henosepilachna/vigintioctopunctata.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2017-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513230637/http://www.ozanimals.com/Insect/Twenty-Eight-Spot-Ladybird/Henosepilachna/vigintioctopunctata.html |archive-date=2019-05-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> lan [[Selandia Baru]]. Uga wis tekan ing Brazil lan Argèntina nalika taun 1996<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.coccinellidae.cl/paginasWebBra/Paginas/Epilachna_vigintioctopunctata_Bra.php |title=Archive copy |access-date=2017-06-20 |archive-date=2016-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421155136/http://www.coccinellidae.cl/paginasWebBra/Paginas/Epilachna_vigintioctopunctata_Bra.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Kumbang iki mangan gegodhongan tuwuhan [[kenthang]] lan tuwuhan jinis [[Solanaceae|térong-térongan]] liyané. Saliyané dadi ama tumrap tuwuhan [[Solanaceae]], kumbang iki uga nyerang [[labu]], [[lobak]], [[kacang]]-kacangan lan [[bayem]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.brisbaneinsects.com/brisbane_ladybirds/28-spotted.html |title=Brisbane Insects |access-date=2017-06-20 |archive-date=2019-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603194512/http://www.brisbaneinsects.com/brisbane_ladybirds/28-spotted.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tuwuhan kang diserang kumbang iki godhongé katon gripis lan bolong-bolong. [[File:Epilachna_vigintioctopunctata_01.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata'']] ==Rujukan== [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 1]] q1e0plci64ph3pnc7moxip8yvqcih7i Jovial da Lopez 0 140264 1760081 1740474 2026-11-06T00:55:24Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artis indonesia||name=Jovial da Lopez|image=[[Barkas:Jovial_Da_Lopez_2019.png|jmpl]] |imagesize=220px|caption=|birthdate={{birth date and age|1990|2|24}}|birthplace={{nagara|Amérikah Sarékat}} [[San Francisco]], [[California]], [[Amérikah Sarékat]]|birthname=Antonino Infloreska Jovialsra da Lopez|othername=Jovial|deathdate=|deathplace=|yearsactive=[[2008]]–sekarang|occupation=[[Aktor]] <br> [[Komedian]] <br> personalia [[YouTube]]|religion=[[Katolik]]|partner=Ansgar Paska da Lopez (kakak kandung) <br/> [[Andovi da Lopez]] (adik kandung)|children=|parents=|influences=|influenced=|twitter=JovialDaLopez|website=[http://www.youtube.com/user/skinnyindonesian24 skinnyindonesian24]}}'''Jovial da Lopez''' ({{Lairpati|[[San Fransisco]], [[California]]|24|02|1990}}) iku sawijining [[aktor]], [[Juru banyol|pelawak]] lan personèl [[YouTube]] (''YouTuber'') warga nagara [[Indonésia|Indonesia]]. Jovial seduluré saka Andovi da Lopez. Karo saduluré, iku ''YouTuber'' sing misuwur sawisé nge-''upload'' video-video ''parody'' ing YouTube liwat akun ''skinnyindonesian24''. Jovial da Lopez iku lulusan Fakultas Matematika lan Èlmu Alam (FMIPA) [[Universitas Indonésia|, Universitas Indonesia]] departemèn Fisika kelas 2009 lan lulus ing 2012. == Urip pribadi == Kang punika anak kapindho saka telung sadulur. Ramané Jovial wong saka Flores, NTT provinsi, nalika ibuné wong-wong [[Kutha Manado|Iki]], da Lopez iku jeneng kulawarga saka bapak. Jovial uga wis ngginakaken sawatara taun ing [[Indhi|India]], 7 taun ing Dhènemarken lan sawatara ing nagara liya kaya ta [[Amérikah Sarékat]], lan [[Nurwègen]] , dados saged lanyah ngomong basa [[inggris]]. Jovial wiwit dadi dikenal YouTube kedhaftar liwat pérangan video lan komedi video ing saluran YouTube, [https://www.youtube.com/user/malesbangetdotcom Malesbanget.com] bebarengan karo adhine. Jovial uga dadi ''cas''t anyar ing seri malam minggu Miko mangsa kapindho ing [[Kompas TV|Trans TV]]. Panjenenganipun lan rayi, Dovi aktif nggawe video ''parody'', pérangan video, lan ''vlog'' ing akun YouTube. Wiwit piyambakipun kagabung karo ''vlog ingkang'' digawé adhine, awalé Jovial mung kasengsem kanggo njupuk pérangan ing produksi saka nggawe video, nanging amarga dhèwèké seneng bab lelakon, pungkasanipun panjenenganipun uga tumut pérangan bareng adhine wonten video liyané. Jovial karo adhine uga dadi panulis bebarengan ''cameo'' ing film ''Jomblo Keep Smile'' ing 2014. Kajaba iku, Jovial uga ndadèkaké komedi video cendhak ing [[Instagram]]. Akir-akir iki, Jovial karo sadulure Dovi sibuk nyepakaké kang paling anyar film sing ''YouTubers Film'' kang bakal dirilis ing [[7 Mèi]], [[2015]]. Saliyané minangka juru main, Jovial karo Kemal Palevi uga dadi penulis skenario. == Peran == Peran ingkang dados kontroversi punika dipun lakoni wonten film ''Relationshit'', Piyambakipun uga nglakoni peran dados wong mabuk nindakaké laku mboten saé, ngambung wong lanang réncangipun piyambak. Lakon punika dingge alasan menjiwai perkoro olo ingkang saged didamel wong kang mabuk. Boten sadar kaliyan tindakanipun dhéwé. Film ingkang bakal dirilis paling anyar saking piyambaké judulipun MODUS. == Filem == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" ! Taun ! Title ! Peran saka ! class="unsortable" |Wigati |- |2014 |''Jomblo Keep Smile'' |''Cameo'' |Kang panulis |- |2014 |''[[Marmut Merah Jambu]]'' |''Bojo Ina (Cameo)'' |kang panulis |- |2014 |''Malam Minggu Miko Film'' |Jovial Raja | |- |2014 |''Tak Kemal Maka Tak Sayang'' |Jovial | |- |2015 |''Youtubers'' |Dadi juru main utama uga minangka penulis skenario | |- |2015 |''Comic 8: Casino Raja'' | | |- |2015 |''Relationshit'' |Alitt |Dadi Pemain utama |- |2016 |''Mode'' |Pemain utama (Jovial) |Penulis saka script |- |2016 |"Melbourne Mundur" |Pemain Utama | |} == Réferènsi == *{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm7666447/|title=Jovial Da Lopez|last=|first=|date=|website=IMdB.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=13 Sèptèmber 2017}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160930-indonesias-online-pranksters-tackle-serious-issues|title=Indonesia’s online jokers tackle serious issues|last=|first=|date=24 Oktober 2016|website=BBC.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=13 Sèptèmber 2017}} *{{Cite web|url=http://showbiz.liputan6.com/read/2654817/di-film-melbourne-rewind-jovial-da-lopez-tetap-jadi-youtuber|title=Di Film Melbourne Rewind, Jovial da Lopez Tetap Jadi YouTuber|last=|first=|date=17 Novèmber 2016|website=Liputan6.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=13 Sèptèmber 2017}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt543fbe43db0a7/andovi-da-lopez--brmahasiswa-fhui-jadi-seleb-youtube|title=Andovi da Lopez: Mahasiswa FHUI Jadi Seleb Youtube|last=|first=|date=16 Oktober 2014|website=HukumOnline.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=13 Sèptèmber 2017}} *{{Cite web|url=https://wolipop.detik.com/read/2016/12/15/124510/3371960/860/ini-saran-youtuber-jovial-da-lopez-agar-vlog-banyak-penonton|title=Ini Saran YouTuber Jovial da Lopez Agar Vlog Banyak Penonton|last=|first=|date=15 Dhésèmber 2016|website=Wolipo.Detik.Com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004225247/https://wolipop.detik.com/read/2016/12/15/124510/3371960/860/ini-saran-youtuber-jovial-da-lopez-agar-vlog-banyak-penonton|archive-date=2017-10-04|url-status=dead|access-date=13 Sèptèmber 2017}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://twitter.com/JovialdaLopez Akun Twitter Jovial da Lopez] * {{instagram|jovialdalopez}} * [http://www.youtube.com/user/skinnyindonesian24 Akun YouTube skinnyindonesian24] {{DEFAULTSORT:Lopez, Jovial Da}} [[Kategori:Pelawak Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Aktor Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Minahasa]] [[Kategori:Lair 1990]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Artikel garapan ing WikiLatih Jawa]] [[Kategori:Artikel garapan ing WikiLatih Jawa 1]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 1]] [[Kategori:Wong Amérika Sarékat]] qvs1vbpx6htb7jbqfot1nevrz12imqp Kendhil 0 145302 1760159 1720618 2026-11-06T05:16:22Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760159 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendhil''' ( [[Aksara Carakan|aksara jawa]] ꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦭ꧀) ya iku pot cilik kang digawé saka lemah lan digunakaké kanggo nyimpen lan masak panganan. Panganan kang umumé dimasak nganggo kendhil ya iku [[Sega liwet|nasi liwet]], janganan [[Gudheg|anget]] utawa bisa kagunakaké kanggo nggodhok [[jamu]]. Ukuran kendhil beda-beda miturut mumpangaté. Sawetara kendhil kang cilik mung dienggo kanggo nyimpen panganan kaya ta iwak lan petis .<ref>{{Cite book|title=Keramik Tiga Karakter|last=Atmojo|first=Wahyu Tri|publisher=Perdana Mulya Sarana|year=2017|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adira.co.id/sahabatlokal/gudeg-yu-jum-yogyakarta|title=Mencicipi Gudeg Yu Jum Asal Jogja Yang Legendaris|website=www.adira.co.id|access-date=2019-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119180451/https://www.adira.co.id/sahabatlokal/gudeg-yu-jum-yogyakarta|archive-date=2019-11-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Guna sakliyané piranti masak == Ngingu tawon migunakaké sarang kendhil dianggep bisa nggawé hawa ing tawon luwih adhem. Sakliyané iku, bahan kasebut ora nggawé sukeré asil madu. Kendhil uga bisa njaga supaya aman saka udan lan keluk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://paktanidigital.com/artikel/beternak-lebah-trigona/|title=Beternak Lebah Trigona, Peluang Bisnis Sampingan yang Menjanjikan|last=|first=|last2=|first2=|date=2019-07-19|website=Pak Tani Digital|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-11-24|last3=|first3=}}</ref> == Crita ing masarakat == Jaka Kendhil minangka judhul cerita rakyat Jawa Tengah kanthi lakon utama lan jeneng kang padha. Dijenengi Jaka Kendhil amarga priyanggané padha karo kendhil kang cendhak lan bunder.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=pGoed8wuOzoC&pg=PT13&dq=%22kendil+adalah%22&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiA0siPjIPmAhVS4zgGHd_rCogQ6AEINjAC#v=onepage&q=%22kendil%20adalah%22&f=false|title=* DNB :Alpin Penyy Dua Minggu|publisher=Grasindo|isbn=978-979-695-198-7|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dongengceritarakyat.com/cerita-rakyat-jawa-tengah-joko-kendil/|title=Cerita Rakyat Jawa Tengah : Joko Kendil|last=Rakyat|first=Dongeng Cerita|date=2015-07-14|website=Cerita Rakyat Nusantara {{!}} Kumpulan Dongeng Anak Anak Sebelum Tidur|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-24|archive-date=2023-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608013656/https://dongengceritarakyat.com/cerita-rakyat-jawa-tengah-joko-kendil/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Piranti Warisan budaya == Kendhil Dalung ya iku jeneng piranti warisan budaya kang disimpen ing [[Musiyum Bèntèng Vredeburg|Museum Benteng Vredeburg]]. Piranti iki gadhahé Ibu Mertopawiro ing Kecamatan Paliyan, Gunung Kidul. Ibu Mertopawiro masrahaké obyek kasebut menyang Museum Vredeburg minangka barang koléksi. Kendhil biyén digunakaké kanggo nggodhok endhog nganti telung endhog kanggo Panglima [[Soedirman|Jendral Sudirman]] .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dapobud.kemdikbud.go.id/objek-benda/5bfc15634abcfb04b4a73239/kendil-dalung|title=Data Pokok Kebudayaan|website=dapobud.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=2019-11-24|archive-date=2023-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007235132/https://dapobud.kemdikbud.go.id/objek-benda/5bfc15634abcfb04b4a73239/kendil-dalung|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Cathethan == [[Kategori:Peralatan dapur]] rdlkpavysy6h08b12siqgkc23u3rsn1 Hasta Wardaya 0 146668 1760017 1749375 2026-11-05T21:32:49Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder |name = Hasta Wardaya<br />{{jav|ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠꦮꦂꦢꦪ}} |image = Hasto Wardoyo, 2016.jpg |imagesize = 200px |caption = |office = [[Daftar Bupati Kulon Praga|Bupati Kulon Praga]] |order = 9 |term_start = 2011 |term_end = |predecessor = [[Toyo Santosa Dipa]] |successor = |lieutenant = [[Sutedj]] |appointed = |birth_date = [[26 Maret]] [[1964]] |birth_place = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Kulon Praga]], [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]] |death_date = |death_place = |nationality = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]] |party = |spouse = Dwikisworo Setyowireni |relations = |children = |alma_mater = [[Universitas Gadjah Mada]] |president = [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]{{br}}[[Joko Widodo]] |governor = [[Hamengkubuwana X]] |monarch = [[Hamengkubuwana X]] |occupation = |profession = Dhokter |religion = [[Islam]] |signature = |website =http://www.dokterhasto.com |footnotes = }} '''Dr. Hasta Wardaya, SP. OG.(K)''' (ind : Hasto Wardoyo) ({{lahirmati|[[Kabupatèn Kulon Praga|Kulon Praga]], [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]]|30|7|1964}}) ya iku [[bupati]] [[Kabupatèn Kulon Praga|Kulon Praga]] kang njabat nalika periodhe [[2011]]-[[2016]] lan saiki isih mengku ing periodhe kapindho ([[2016]]-[[2021]]). Sadurungé mengku jabatan bupati, Hasta Wardaya dikenal minangka [[dhokter kandhutan]] lan pengusaha ing babagan rumah sakit. == Nalika cilik lan sekolahé == Hasta lair ing desa [[Hargatirta, Kokap, Kulon Praga]] kang saiki dunungé ing sacedhaké [[Wadhuk Sermo|Wadhuk Serma]]. Saliyané sekolah, nalika cilik Hasta uga ngopèni [[sato iwèn]], ya iku ngingu pitik lan angon wedhus. Nalika ngancik SMP, dhèwèké wis ngopèni wedhus cacah wolulas. Sawisé lulus SMA ing [[Wates, Kulon Praga|Wates]], Hasta banjur kuliah ing UGM kanthi jurusan kedhokteran.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://jogja.tribunnews.com/2014/12/26/ngarit-kisah-perjuangan-masa-kecil-bupati-kulonprogo|title=Ngarit, Kisah Perjuangan Masa Kecil Bupati Kulonprogo - Tribun Jogja|work=Tribun Jogja|access-date=2018-01-23|language=id-ID}}</ref> == Karir ing kedhokteran == Sawisé lulus saka kuliah, Hasta wiwit ngayahi jejibahan dadi [[dhokter]] ing [[Kabupatèn Kutai|Kutai]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]] ing taun 1990-an. Dhèwèjé banjur nerusaké anggoné makarya ing Rumah Sakit Sardjito, Ngayogyakarta lan nerusaké sekolah dhokteré ing spésialis obstètri lan ginealogi ing taun 2000. Ing taun 2006 dhèwèké uga nggayut Konsultan bidang Reproduksi-Infertilitas dan Bayi Tabung. == Bisnis == Saliyané aktif ing [[Rumah Sakit Sardjito]] lan mulang ing Fakultas Kedhokteran [[UGM]], Hasta bebarengan karo sisihané kang dhokter spésialis anak uga madegaké Rumah Sakit Khusus Ibu dan Anak (RSKIA) Sadewa ing Babarsari, Kabupatèn Sléman.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.harianjogja.com/baca/2016/10/07/kesehatan-jogja-rskia-sadewa-bersiap-go-public-758954|title=KESEHATAN JOGJA : RSKIA Sadewa Bersiap Go Public|last=Media|first=Mediani Dyah Natalia - Harian Jogja Digital|work=Harianjogja.com|access-date=2018-01-23|language=id-ID}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hasta uga nggawé sekolahan tingkat TPA, KB, TK lan SD ing Kutha [[Wates, Kulon Praga|Wates]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/977898/22/sukses-bisnis-kesehatan-bupati-kulon-progo-bisnis-pendidikan-1426598533|title=Sukses Bisnis Kesehatan, Bupati Kulon Progo Bisnis Pendidikan|work=SINDOnews.com|access-date=2018-01-23|language=id-ID}}</ref> == Pulitik == Sawisé suksès anggoné mengku karya ing babagan kasarasan, taun 2011 Hasta Wardaya dicalonaké dadi Bupati Kulon Praga bebarengan karo Drs. H. Sutedjo kang dadi calon wakilé diusung déning [[PDIP]], [[PAN]], lan [[PPP]]. Pasangan kuwi olèh 105.965 suwara utawa 46,30 persèn ing [[Pemilihan Bupati Kulon Praga 2011]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://jateng.tribunnews.com/2011/06/23/dr-h-hasto-wardoyo-menangkan-pemilukada-kulonprogo|title=dr H Hasto Wardoyo Menangkan Pemilukada Kulonprogo - Tribun Jateng|work=Tribun Jateng|access-date=2018-01-23|language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kulonprogokab.go.id/v21/KPU-Kulon-Progo-Tetapkan-Hasto-Tedjo-Sebagai-Pasangan-Terpilih_1545|title=KPU Kulon Progo Tetapkan Hasto-Tedjo Sebagai Pasangan Terpilih|last=Ahmad,admin@kulonprogokab.go.id|first=Jauhari|website=www.kulonprogokab.go.id|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-23|archive-date=2017-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601102524/http://www.kulonprogokab.go.id/v21/KPU-Kulon-Progo-Tetapkan-Hasto-Tedjo-Sebagai-Pasangan-Terpilih_1545|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sasuwéné dadi bupati, Hasta Wardaya gawé program unggulan antarané '''Béla Beli Kulon Praga''', ya iku program nuwuhaké semangat belanja lan nggunakaké barang-barang prodhuksi lokal antarané beras saka wong tani lan banyu mineral kemasan kang dijenengi [[AirKu]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3102031/bela-beli-kulonprogo-spirit-dan-sukses-bupati-hasto-angkat-produk-lokal|title='Bela Beli Kulonprogo', Spirit dan Sukses Bupati Hasto Angkat Produk Lokal|last=Kurniawan|first=Bagus|work=detiknews|access-date=2018-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619100504/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3102031/bela-beli-kulonprogo-spirit-dan-sukses-bupati-hasto-angkat-produk-lokal|archive-date=2024-06-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kanggo ningkataké indhustri bathik, Hasta Wardaya uga ngadani [[sayembara]] dhésain bathik kang banjur didadèkaké bathik idhèntitas Kulon Praga lan dadi sragam kanggo sakabèhané pegawé pemerintahan lan murid sekolahan sa-Kulon Praga.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3102521/bathik-motif-geblek-renteng-dan-bela-beli-kulonprogo-ala-bupati-hasto|title=Batik Motif Geblek Renteng dan 'Bela Beli Kulonprogo' ala Bupati Hasto|last=Kurniawan|first=Bagus|work=detiknews|access-date=2018-01-23}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bathik mau dijenengi [[geblèk rèntèng]] amarga coraké kang pancèn niru wujud panganan khas [[geblèk]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kulonprogokab.go.id/v21/Press-Release--Pengumuman-Hasil-Lomba-Desain-Motif-Batik-Khas-Kulon-Progo-Tahun-2012---_2102|title=Press Release Pengumuman Hasil Lomba Desain Motif Batik Khas Kulon Progo Tahun 2012|last=Ahmad,admin@kulonprogokab.go.id|first=Jauhari|website=www.kulonprogokab.go.id|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-23|archive-date=2017-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170530012739/http://www.kulonprogokab.go.id/v21/Press-Release--Pengumuman-Hasil-Lomba-Desain-Motif-Batik-Khas-Kulon-Progo-Tahun-2012---_2102|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kanggo ningkataké kualitas kasarasan wargané, dibangun rumah sakit anyar kanggo nyedhiani warga ing sisih lor lan wétan, ya iku [[RSUD Nyi Ageng Sérang]] ing [[Sentolo, Kulon Praga|Sentolo]], lan ing layanané tanpa kelas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogja.antaranews.com/berita/327066/pemkab-kulon-progo-resmikan-rsu-tanpa-kelas|title=Pemkab Kulon Progo resmikan RSU tanpa kelas|website=jogja.antaranews.com|access-date=2018-01-23}}</ref> [[RSUD Wates]] uga ditingkataké layanané.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://jogja.tribunnews.com/2017/11/16/rsud-wates-kembangkan-rumah-sakit-dengan-pelayanan-bertaraf-internasional|title=RSUD Wates Kembangkan Rumah Sakit dengan Pelayanan Bertaraf Internasional - Tribun Jogja|work=Tribun Jogja|access-date=2018-01-23|language=id-ID}}</ref> Ing wilayah Kulon Praga uga ana larangan masang iklan rokok<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://health.liputan6.com/read/2238817/jalanan-di-kulon-progo-kini-bebas-iklan-rokok|title=Jalanan di Kulon Progo Kini Bebas Iklan Rokok|last=Liputan6.com|work=liputan6.com|access-date=2018-01-23}}</ref> kalebu ing warung lan toko.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://regional.liputan6.com/read/3188324/dilarang-ada-iklan-rokok-di-toko-dan-warung-kulon-progo|title=Dilarang Ada Iklan Rokok di Toko dan Warung Kulon Progo|last=Liputan6.com|work=liputan6.com|access-date=2018-01-23|archive-date=2018-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107183802/http://regional.liputan6.com/read/3188324/dilarang-ada-iklan-rokok-di-toko-dan-warung-kulon-progo|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.solopos.com/2017/12/07/pasang-iklan-rokok-20-warung-di-kulonprogo-dapat-teguran-874858|title=Pasang Iklan Rokok, 20 Warung di Kulonprogo Dapat Teguran|last=Media|first=Nina Atmasari - Solopos Digital|work=SOLOPOS.com|access-date=2018-01-23|language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/17/12/07/p0l8fd399-satpol-pp-kulonprogo-tertibkan-iklan-rokok-di-warungwarung|title=Satpol PP Kulon Progo Tertibkan Iklan Rokok di Warung-warung {{!}} Republika Online|work=Republika Online|access-date=2018-01-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/581481/kulonprogo-cabut-semua-iklan-rokok-di-jalan|title=Kulonprogo Cabut Semua Iklan Rokok di Jalan|last=Sedayu|first=Agung|date=2014-05-31|work=Tempo|access-date=2018-01-23|language=id-ID}}</ref> Ing selané ngayahi tugas dadi bupati, Hasta uga isih ngleksanakaké profèsi dhokter kandhutan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://health.liputan6.com/read/3132743/hasto-wardoyo-pagi-jadi-bupati-malam-bantu-ibu-melahirkan|title=Hasto Wardoyo, Pagi Jadi Bupati, Malam Bantu Ibu Melahirkan|last=Liputan6.com|work=liputan6.com|access-date=2018-01-23}}</ref> Hasta uga winisudha dadi abdi dalem ing [[Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat]], kanthi pangkat Bupati Anom kanthi asma peparing ''Kanjeng Mas Tumenggung Hastahusadadipura''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://jogjakartanews.com/baca/2014/02/04/892/dua-pejabat-daerah-diwisuda-menjadi-abdi-dalem-kraton-ngayogyakarta|title=Jogjakartanews.com: Dua Pejabat Daerah Diwisuda menjadi Abdi Dalem Kraton Ngayogyakarta|last=Jogjakartanews|work=Jogjakartanews.com|access-date=2018-01-23}}</ref> Hasta lan Sutédja dicalonaké manèh kanggo periodhé kang kapindho (2016-2021) lan kasil kapilih kanthi suwara 85 persèn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://krjogja.com/web/news/read/24640/Pilkada_Kulonprogo_Hasto_Menang_Telak|title=Pilkada Kulonprogo, Hasto Menang Telak|website=krjogja.com|language=en|access-date=2018-01-23|archive-date=2017-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426120307/http://www.krjogja.com/web/news/read/24640/Pilkada_Kulonprogo_Hasto_Menang_Telak|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pilkada.tempo.co/read/849529/raih-85-persen-suara-hasto-wardoyo-pimpin-kulon-progo-lagi|title=Raih 85 Persen Suara, Hasto Wardoyo Pimpin Kulon Progo Lagi|last=setiawan|first=Kodrat|date=2017-02-23|work=Tempo|access-date=2018-01-23|language=id-ID}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} 7y95kwjv8lgdq87usekfyfmf3eddksu Jürgen Klopp 0 147844 1760087 1757555 2026-11-06T01:01:16Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Jürgen Klopp |image = [[Gambar:Jürgen Klopp, Liverpool vs. Chelsea, UEFA Super Cup 2019-08-14 04.jpg|210px|Jürgen Klopp]] |fullname = Jürgen Norbert Klopp |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|6|16|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Stuttgart]], [[Jerman Barat]] |height = {{height|m=1.94}} | position = {{flatlist| * [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] * [[Defender (association football)|Defender]] }} |currentclub = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (manajer) |youthyears1 = 1975–1983 |youthclubs1 = SV Glatten |youthyears2 = 1983–1989 |youthclubs2 = TuS Ergenzingen | years1 = 1987 | clubs1 = [[1. FC Pforzheim]] | caps1 = 4 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 1987–1988 | clubs2 = [[Eintracht Frankfurt II]] | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 1988–1989 | clubs3 = Viktoria Sindlingen | caps3 = | goals3 = | years4 = 1989–1990 | clubs4 = [[Rot-Weiss Frankfurt]] | caps4 = | goals4 = | years5 = 1990–2001 | clubs5 = [[1. FSV Mainz 05|Mainz 05]] | caps5 = 337 | goals5 = 52 |manageryears1 = 2001–2008 |managerclubs1 = [[1. FSV Mainz 05|Mainz 05]] |manageryears2 = 2008–15 |managerclubs2 = [[Borussia Dortmund]] |manageryears3 = 2015-samenika |managerclubs3 = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | }} '''Jürgen Norbert Klopp''' ({{IPA-de|ˈjʏɐ̯ɡn̩ ˈklɔp|-|GT Jürgen Klopp.ogg}}; miyos tanggal [[16 Juni]] [[1967]]) inggih punika satunggaling manajer [[bal-balan]] saking negri [[Jerman]] lan tilas juru main bal-balan profésional ingkang samenika dados manajer utawi pelatih tim [[Liverpool F.C.]] ing [[Liga Utama Inggris|Liga Primer Inggris]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bola.net/profile/jurgen_klopp/index.html|title=Jurgen Klopp - Bola.net|work=Bola.net|access-date=2018-01-17|archive-date=2017-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510203208/https://www.bola.net/profile/jurgen_klopp/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Klopp nelasaken sapérangan ageng kariripun ing klub [[bal-balan]] [[Mainz 05]] dangunipun ngantos 15 taun.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bolanews.web.id/karir-melatih-klopp-biodata-jurgen-klopp.php|title=Karir Melatih Klopp : Biodata Jurgen Klopp|date=2015-10-07|work=Bolanews.web.id|access-date=2018-01-17|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519215342/http://www.bolanews.web.id/karir-melatih-klopp-biodata-jurgen-klopp.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Klopp ugi dados manajer ing tim Mainz 05 saking taun [[2001]] ngantos dumugi [[2008]], wekdal punika klub Mainz 05 kasil nggayuh promosi ing [[Bundesliga]].<ref name=":0" /> Wekdal taun [[2008]], Klopp ndherek gabung klub [[Fußball-Bundesliga|Borussia Dortmund]], lan kasil nggayuh kamenangan [[Bundesliga]] taun [[2011]] lan [[2012]], sarta DFB-Pokal ing taun [[2012]], DFL-Supercup ing taun [[2013]] lan [[2014]], lan mlebet final wonten UEFA Champions Final Liga pada [[2013]].<ref name=":0" /> Klopp ugi menang dados manajer bal-balan ingkang saé piyambak Jerman ing taun 2011 lan 2012<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.co.id/search?dcr=0&q=Pelatih+Terbaik+Jerman&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAOPgE-LSz9U3MDEzji8wVQKzjSoMTLNztGSzk630E8sTi1IgZHx5Zl5eapEVmFMMANcjW7Q5AAAA&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiOj5GFmb3YAhVCv48KHQpACtwQmxMIzwEoATAd&biw=1366&bih=696|title=Pelatih Terbaik Jerman - Google Nggoleki|website=www.google.co.id|language=jv-US|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref>, saderengipun nilaraken [[Dortmund]] ing taun [[2015]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/jurgen-klopp/profil/trainer/118|title=Jürgen Klopp - Manager profile|access-date=2018-01-17|language=en}}</ref> Klopp nglatih [[Dortmund]] wiwit taun [[2008]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://bola.liputan6.com/read/2214259/alasan-jurgen-klopp-tinggalkan-borussia-dortmund|title=Alasan Jurgen Klopp Tinggalkan Borussia Dortmund|last=Liputan6.com|work=liputan6.com|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref> Klopp sampun mandhegani 309 pertandhingan [[Dortmund]] kanthi prosentase kamenangan ngantos 56,63 persen.<ref name=":1" /> Klopp dados manajer [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] ing wulan [[Oktober]] [[2015]], lan kasil mbekta [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] dumugi final Piala Liga lan [[Uni Bal-balan Éropah|UEFA]] Europa League ing mangsa wiwitan nglatih.<ref name=":0" /> ==Karir klub== Klopp miyos ing [[Stuttgart]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/l/l92334.html|title=Klopp, Jürgen Norbert Klopp - Manager|website=www.bdfutbol.com|language=en|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref>, ibukutha negara bagéan [[Baden-Württemberg]], lan ageng ing désa [[Black Forest Glatten]] sacaketipun [[Freudenstadt]]. Klopp gadhah kalih sadhèrèk èstri.<ref name=":2" /> Klopp miwiti kariripun kanthi ndhèrèk klub [[TuS Ergenzingen]] minangka juru main junior, kanthi tugas ing FC Pforzheim lan salajengipun ing tigang klub [[Frankfurt]], [[Eintracht Frankfurt II]], [[Viktoria Sindlingen]] lan [[Rot-Weiss Frankfurt]], ing mangsa enèmipun.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kreisblatt.de/regionalsport/main-taunus-kreis/Was-Klopp-mit-Sindlingen-verbindet;art800,739656|title=Was Klopp mit Sindlingen verbindet {{!}} Höchster Kreisblatt|last=Kreisblatt|first=Höchster|access-date=2018-01-17|language=de|archive-date=2016-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816110833/http://www.kreisblatt.de/regionalsport/main-taunus-kreis/Was-Klopp-mit-Sindlingen-verbindet;art800,739656|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wekdal taun 1990, ing pertandhingan ''play-off'' mengsah [[Rot-Weiss Frankfurt]] mengsah Mainz 05 kanggé promosi dhateng [[Bundesliga]], Klopp pikantuk gati manajer Mainz lan dipuntapakasmani déning pihak Mainz 05.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/juergen-klopp/|title=Jürgen Klopp|website=worldfootball.net|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref> Klopp ngemban sapérangan ageng karir profesionalipun ing Mainz 05, saking taun 1990 ngantos taun 2001.<ref name=":3" /> Wiwitanipun dados ''striker'' lan nglebetaken 52 gol kanggé klub Mainz 05.<ref name=":3" /> ==Karir Manajer== ===Wiwitan Karir=== Kala taun [[1988]], panjenenganipun wonten ing universitas lan ngemban main kanggé Eintracht Frankfurt non-profésional, panjenenganipun nglatih Frankfurt D-Juniors U-10.<ref name="internet9">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6N3NO8ZS0g title=Jürgen Klopp über sein Studium an der Goethe-Uni ](dipunundhuh tanggal 4 Januari 2018)</ref> ===Mainz 05=== Sasampunipun pensiun ing klub Mainz 05, Klopp dipundhawuhi dados manajer klub wekdal tanggal [[27 Februari]] [[2001]] sasampunipun dipunpecat déning [[Eckhard Krautzun]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rp-online.de/sport/fussball/trainer-krautzun-bei-mainz-05-entlassen-aid-1.1670596|title=Faschingsdienstag fiel der Vorhang: Trainer Krautzun bei Mainz 05 entlassen|last=ONLINE|first=RP|website=RP ONLINE|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref> Pertandhingan kapisan Mainz saged menang 1-0 mengsah MSV Duisburg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bundesliga.de/de/vereine/detail.php?id=10886|title=Bundesliga|date=2001-04-19|access-date=2018-01-17|archive-date=2001-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010419001703/http://www.bundesliga.de/de/vereine/detail.php?id=10886|url-status=dead}}</ref> Panjenenganipun dados manajer sadangunipun pitung taun, ing wekdal punika Klopp saged kasil mromosikaken Mainz 05 dhateng Bundesliga, lan lolos dhateng Piala [[Uni Bal-balan Éropah|UEFA]] 2005-2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/newsid=316588.html|title=Mainz take step into unknown - UEFA Europa League - News - UEFA.com|last=uefa.com|website=UEFA.com|language=en|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref> Ing pungkasaning mangsa 2006-2007, Mainz 05 dipundhégradhasi, nanging Klopp tetep ing klub wau.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archiv.rhein-zeitung.de/on/07/05/23/sport/r/mainz-1.html?a|title=Jürgen Klopp im Interview: Abstieg ist verarbeitet|last=GmbH|first=RZ-Online|website=archiv.rhein-zeitung.de|access-date=2018-01-17|archive-date=2016-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617124603/http://archiv.rhein-zeitung.de/on/07/05/23/sport/r/mainz-1.html?a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nanging, amargi mboten saged kasil nggayuh promosi, Klopp lajeng medal saking klub Mainz 05 ing pungkasaning mangsa 2007-2008.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/sport/fussball/fussball-klopp-nimmt-traenenreichen-abschied-von-mainz/2960246.html|title=Fußball: Klopp nimmt tränenreichen Abschied von Mainz|access-date=2018-01-17|language=de|archive-date=2018-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301225001/http://www.handelsblatt.com/sport/fussball/fussball-klopp-nimmt-traenenreichen-abschied-von-mainz/2960246.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kanthi cathetan 109 kamenangan, 78 asil imbang, lan 83 kawon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2013-14/1-fsv-mainz-05-30/trainer.html|title=1. FSV Mainz 05 - Alle Trainer von 1974/75 bis 2017/18|last=Germany|first=kicker online, Nürnberg,|website=kicker online|language=de-DE|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref> ===Borussia Dortmund=== ====2008-2012==== [[Gambar:Jürgen Klopp Saisonstart 01.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Klopp ing [[Borussia Dortmund]] taun 2010]] Wekdal wulan [[Mei|Mèi]] [[2008]], Klopp dipuncaketi kanggé dados manajer enggal [[Borussia Dortmund]], lajeng napakasmani kontrak kalih taun ing klub wau. Wekdal punika [[Borussia Dortmund|Dortmund]] ing posisi ingkang nguciwani wekdal dipunmanajeri [[Thomas Doll]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/sport/trainerwechsel-klopp-entfacht-beim-bvb-aufbruchstimmung/1240730.html|title=Klopp entfacht beim BVB Aufbruchstimmung|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref> Ing mangsa kawitan tugas, Klopp mandhegani [[Borussia Dortmund]] kanggé menangaken DFB-Supercup, ngawonaken juwara Jèrman [[Bayern Munich]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2009-10/0/0/spieltag.html|title=1. Bundesliga 2009/10, der 34. Spieltag|last=Germany|first=kicker online, Nürnberg,|website=kicker online|language=de-DE|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref> Klopp kasil mbekta klub kasebat ing posisi kaping enem ing mangsa kawitan nglatih, lan ''finish'' ing posisi ka-5 ing mangsa salajengipun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/0/0/spieltag.html|title=1. Bundesliga 2010/11, der 34. Spieltag|last=Germany|first=kicker online, Nürnberg,|website=kicker online|language=de-DE|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref> Klopp kasil mimpin klub kasebat nggayuh juwara Bundesliga taun 2010-11<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://au.eurosport.com/football/bundesliga/2010-2011/borussia-dortmund_sto2771532/story.shtml|title=Borussia Dortmund|date=2011-04-30|work=Eurosport Australia|access-date=2018-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192939/https://au.eurosport.com/football/bundesliga/2010-2011/borussia-dortmund_sto2771532/story.shtml|archive-date=2018-06-17|url-status=dead}}</ref>, lan mangsa 2011-12.<ref name="Liverpool FC">{{Cite news|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/195412-liverpool-fc-confirm-jrgen-klopp-appointment|title=Liverpool FC confirm Jürgen Klopp appointment|work=Liverpool FC|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref> Wekdal musim Bundesliga 2011-12, Borussia Dortmund saged ngempalaken 81 poin <ref name="2011–12 league table">{{cite web|title=1. Bundesliga – Spieltag / Tabelle|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2011-12/0/0/spieltag.html|website=kicker.de|publisher=kicker|accessdate=25 July 2016|language=German}}</ref> kalebet poin paling ageng ing sejarah Bundesliga lan 47 poin ingkang dipunkempalaken ing paruh kaping kalih ing musim ugi nyithak rekor enggal.<ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Penders |title=Dortmunder Rekord-Meister |url=http://www.faz.net/aktuell/sport/fussball/bundesliga/4-0-gegen-freiburg-dortmunder-rekord-meister-11740730.html |website=Frankfurter Allgemeine |date=5 May 2012 |accessdate=20 May 2016 |language=German |trans-title=4–0 against Freiburg: Dortmunder record champions}}</ref> Kamenangan 25 liga Borussia Dortmund saged sami kaliyan [[Bayern Munich]] ing taun 1972-73, sawetawis ing urutan kaping 28 pertandhingan liga mboten saged dipunkalahaken menika kalebet ingkang saé piyambak ingkang sampun kav=cathet wonten ing setunggal musim pertandhingan ing Jerman.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/association=ger/news/newsid=1797758.html#season+review+germany | title = Season review: Germany | publisher = UEFA | date = 23 May 2012 | accessdate = 23 May 2012 | archive-date = 24 May 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120524010833/http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/association=ger/news/newsid=1797758.html#season+review+germany | url-status = dead}}</ref> Cacahipun poin kanggé sedaya musim lan paruh kaping kalih musim menika, lan cacahipun rekor kemenangan ingkang dipuntetepaken utawi sami kaliyan Borussia Dortmund ing musim 2011-12 dipunpecahaken dening Bayern Munich ing musim 2012-13.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jörg |last=Rößner |title=Super Saison! Meister Bayern stellt 30 Rekorde auf |url=https://www.welt.de/sport/fussball/bundesliga/fc-bayern-muenchen/article116338053/Super-Saison-Meister-Bayern-stellt-30-Rekorde-auf.html |website=Die Welt |date=19 May 2013 |accessdate=20 May 2016 |language=German |trans-title=Super season! Champions Bayern is on 30 records}}</ref> Dortmun kecalan Piala Super Jerman ing taun 2011.<ref name="Fährmann bringt BVB zur Verzweiflung">{{cite news|title=Fährmann bringt BVB zur Verzweiflung|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2011/1/1139370/spielanalyse_borussia-dortmund-17_fc-schalke-04-2.html|accessdate=25 July 2016|publisher=kicker|date=23 July 2011|language=German}}</ref> Wekdal tanggal 12 Mei 2012, Klopp damel sejarah Borussia Dortmund kanthi kamenangan dobel ing liga domestic, kanthi ngalahaken Bayern Munich 5-2 ing final DFB-Pokal 2012.<ref name="cup12">{{cite web | url = http://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/dortmund-win-domestic-double-beating-bayern_742209.html | title = Borussia Dortmund win domestic double beating Bayern Munich | publisher = zeenews.com | accessdate = 19 May 2012 | date = 13 May 2012}}</ref> Klopp nggambaraken kamenangan kasebat minangka “langkung saé saking ingkang dipunbayangaken”.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1069150/borussia-dortmund-rout-bayern-munich-to-claim-historic-double?cc=5739 | title = Dortmund rout Bayern to claim double | publisher = ESPN Soccernet | accessdate = 12 May 2012 | date = 12 May 2012 | archive-date = 16 May 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120516032245/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1069150/borussia-dortmund-rout-bayern-munich-to-claim-historic-double?cc=5739 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/dcunited/bundesliga-champ-borussia-dortmund-beats-bayern-munich-5-2-to-win-german-cup-final/2012/05/12/gIQAB4ntKU_story.html | title = Bundesliga champ Borussia Dortmund beats Bayern Munich 5–2 to win German Cup final | publisher = WP Sports | accessdate = 12 May 2012 | date = 12 May 2012 | archive-date = 13 May 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513062500/http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/dcunited/bundesliga-champ-borussia-dortmund-beats-bayern-munich-5-2-to-win-german-cup-final/2012/05/12/gIQAB4ntKU_story.html | url-status = dead}}</ref> ===Liverpool=== ====2015-samenika==== [[Gambar:Jurgen Klopp leaves the pitch at full-time a happy man (34018926193).jpg|thumb|Klopp ing Liverpool taun 2017]] Tanggal 8 Oktober 2015, Klopp nyarujuki prajanjen tigang kanggé dados manajer Liverpool, nggantosi [[Brendan Rodgers]].<ref name="Liverpool FC"/> Wekdal konferènsi kawitan, Klopp njuluki piyambakipun 'The Normal One' minangka parodi kanggé julukan 'The Special One' [[Jose Mourinho]] ingkang misuwur wekdal kawitan dados manajer [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ing taun 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/oct/09/jurgen-klopp-liverpool-manager-normal-one|title=Jürgen Klopp, the ‘Normal One’, takes over as new Liverpool manager|last=Hunter|first=Andy|date=2015-10-09|website=the Guardian|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref> Debut ingkang kapisan punika kasil nahan imbang 0-0 mengsah [[Tottenham Hotspur]] ing tanggal 17 Oktober 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/34493617|title=Tottenham Hotspur 0-0 Liverpool|date=2015-10-17|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2018-01-17|language=en-GB}}</ref> Tanggal 28 Oktober 2015, Klopp masthekaken kamenangan ingkang kawiwitan minangka manajer [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] mengsah [[Bournemouth]] ing Piala Liga kanggé ngrebat posisi perempat final.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/34589602|title=Liverpool 1-0 Bournemouth|date=2015-10-28|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2018-01-17|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kemenangan salajengipun ing [[Liga Utama Inggris|Liga Primer]] dumados tigang dinten salajengipun, kemenangan tandang 3-1 mengsah [[Chelsea]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/34623902|title=Chelsea 1-3 Liverpool|date=2015-10-31|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2018-01-17|language=en-GB}}</ref> Sasampunipun ambal kaping tiga imbang 1-1 ing pertandhingan pambuka Liga Èropah [[Uni Bal-balan Éropah|UEFA]], [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] kasil ngawonaken [[Rubin Kazan]] kanthi skor kamenangan 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/rubin-vs-liverpool/live/351520|title=Europa League (Sky Sports)|website=SkySports|language=en|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref> Kemenganan kapisan Klopp ing Eropah minangka menejer Liverpool.<ref>{{cite news|title=FC_Rubin_Kazan 0–1 Liverpool|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/rubin-vs-liverpool/live/351520|publisher=SkySports|date= 5 November 2015|accessdate= 5 November 2015}}</ref> Ing tanggal 6 Februari 2016, piyambakipun mboten saged nglampahi pertandhingan Liga Primer kanggé nglampahi operasi usus buntu sasampunipun ngalami radang usus buntu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jurgen Klopp misses Liverpool v Sunderland to have operation|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35512405|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=6 February 2016|date=6 February 2016}}</ref> Wekdal tanggal 28 Februari 2016, Liverpool kicalan final Piala FA 2016 ing [[Stadhion Wembley]] mengsah Manchester City 3-1 kanthi adu penalti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/klopp-feeling-s-after-cup-loss|title=Klopp feeling like 's***' after cup loss|website=FourFourTwo|access-date= 6 March 2016 | date = 29 February 2016}}</ref> Wekdal tanggal 17 Maret 2016, Klopp mbiyantu Liverpool majeng ing perempat final Liga Europa UEFA kanthi keklahan agregat Manchester United 3-1.<ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35815538 |title=Manchester United 1–1 Liverpool |publisher=BBC Sport |date=18 March 2016 |access-date=16 April 2016}}</ref> Ing 14 April 2016, Liverpool nglawan deficit 3-1 ing babak kaping kalih ing leg kaping kalih pertandhingan perempat final mengsah tilas klubipun Borussia Dortmund, lan menang 4-3, majeng ing babak semifinal UEFA Europa. Menang agregat 5-4.<ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36020910 |title=Liverpool 4–3 Borussia Dortmund |publisher=BBC Sport |date=14 April 2016 |access-date=16 April 2016}}</ref> Tanggal 5 Mei 2016, Kloop mbekta Liverpool dhateng final Eropa kapisan wiwit 2007 lan ngalahaken Villareal 3-1 sacara agregat ing semifinal Liga Europa UEFA.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/may/05/liverpool-reach-europa-league-final-villarreal|title= Liverpool push past 10-man Villarreal and into Europa League final|date=5 May 2016|work=The Guardian|accessdate=18 May 2016}}</ref> Ing babak final mengsah Sevilla, kalah 1-3 kanthi [[Daniel Sturridge]] nyethak gol pambuka kanggé Liverpool ing babak kapisan.<ref>{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Bascombe |title=Liverpool lose Europa League final: I don't think I'm unlucky, says Jurgen Klopp, after fifth final loss |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/05/18/liverpool-lose-europa-league-final-i-dont-think-im-unlucky-says/ |website=The Daily Telegraph |date=18 May 2016 |accessdate=19 May 2016}}</ref> Tanggal 8 Juli 2016, Klopp lan staf pelatih napakasmani perpanjangan enem taun kontrak ing Liverpool ngantos 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jurgen Klopp: Liverpool manager signs six-year contract extension|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36745294|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Tanggal 21 Mei 2017, Liverpool lolos dhateng Liga Champions ingkang kapisan wiwit taun 2014-15 sasampunipun menang 3-0 mengsah Middlesbrough lan finis ing posisi kaping sekawan ing Liga Utama 2016-2017.<ref>{{citeweb|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/may/21/liverpool-middlesbrough-premier-league-match-report|title=Liverpool seal Champions League place with victory over Middlesbrough|date=21 May 2017|work=The Guardian|accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> ==Karir Medhiya== Wekdal taun 2005, Klopp tampil minangka komentator ahli regular ing jaringan televise Jerman ZDF, paring panyaruwe babagan permainan tim nasional Jerman.<ref name="vip.de">{{cite web|title=Jürgen Klopp – Fußballtrainer und Medienstar|url=http://www.vip.de/cms/juergen-klopp-fussballtrainer-und-medienstar-2453210.html|website=vip.de|accessdate=30 April 2016|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192951/https://www.vip.de/cms/juergen-klopp-fussballtrainer-und-medienstar-2453210.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Piyambakipun nyambut damel minangka analis pertandhingan sadangunipun [[Piala Donya 2006]], lan piyambakipun pikantuk Deutscher Fernsehpreis ing kategori pertunjukab olahraga ingkang saé piyambak ing wulan Oktober 2006, lan ugi Euro 2008.<ref>{{cite news |first=Uwe |last=Martin |title=Der Fußball-Pendler |url=http://www.faz.net/aktuell/sport/fussball-wm-2006/deutschland-und-die-wm/juergen-klopp-der-fussball-pendler-1329698.html |website=Frankfurter Allgemeine |date=25 June 2006 |accessdate=20 May 2016 |language=German |trans-title=The football commuter}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=20.10.2006 „Fußball-WM 2006 im ZDF“ gewinnt den Deutschen Fernsehpreis 2006 |url=https://www.deutscher-fernsehpreis.de/presse/pressemeldungen/20-10-2006-fussball-wm-2006-im-zdf-gewinnt-den-deutschen-fernsehpreis-2006/ |website=Deutscher Fernsehpreis |date=20 October 2006 |accessdate=20 May 2016 |language=German |trans-title=20 October 2006 „2006 World Cup on ZDF" wins the German Television Award}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Björn |last=Erichsen |title=Euphorie und leichtes Abseits beim ZDF |url=http://www.stern.de/sport/fussball/em-2008/analyse/em-fernsehkritik--tag-2-euphorie-und-leichtes-abseits-beim-zdf-3858712.html |website=Stern |date=9 June 2008 |accessdate=20 May 2016 |language=German |trans-title=Euphoria and lights off at ZDF}}</ref> Karir Klopp rampung sasampunipun kompetisi kasebat bibar, lan piyambakipun dipun gantos dening [[Oliver Kahn]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Hübner |title=Klopp geht, Kahn kommt |url=http://www.stern.de/sport/fussball/tv-experte-klopp-geht--kahn-kommt-3092004.html |website=Stern |agency=Deutsche Presse-Agentur |date=25 April 2008 |accessdate=20 May 2016 |language=German |trans-title=Klopp goes, Kahn comes}}</ref> Wekdal Piala Donya FIFA 2010 ing [[Afrika Kidul]], piyambakipun nyambet damel sarengan kaliyan RTL sesarengan [[Gunther Jauch]]. == Prestasi == * 2011 Juara [[Bundesliga]] Jermas (Borussia Dortmund) * 2012 Juara Bundesliga Jerman (Borussia Dortmund) * 2014 Juara [[DFB Pokal]] (Borussia Dormund) * 2019 Juara [[Liga Champions Eropa]] (Liverpool) * 2019 Juara [[Piala Super Eropa]] (Liverpool) * 2019 Juara [[Piala Donya Antarklub FIFA]] (Liverpool) * 2020 Juara [[Liga Utama Inggris|Liga Primèr Inggris]] (Liverpool) ==Pranala njawi== * [http://www.goal.com/id/pemain/j-klopp/9yw8otph5rger7665zx1yqrpx '''J. Klopp Semua Berita'''] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Artikel mawa basa krama]] lv4zm6b0788727c913cgot37lz9f2j4 Kuwé Pohulpohul 0 147897 1760213 1645432 2026-11-06T07:43:10Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760213 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kue Pohulpohul''' utawi '''[[Itak Pohulpohul]]''' inggih punika satunggaling [[jajanan]] khas tradhisional [[Batak]] ingkang asalipun saking [[Tapanuli]]. == Wujud lan Kandhutan == Wujudipun kuwé punika kados kepelan driji tangan mirip kaliyan [[Itak Gurgur]] amargi piranti kanggé nyithak punika namung prasaja inggih punika kepelan tangan. Awit saking punika kuwé kasebat kawastanan "pohulpohul" (kepelan). Pohulpohul punika wonten kalih jinis nanging wujudipun sami, inggih punika ingkang mentah saha ingkang dipunkukus. Kue pohulpohul punika gadhah kandhutan gizi kadosdene: * karbohidrat, * protéin, * vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6, * zat besi, * kalsium, * lemak, * omega 3, * serat == Filosofi == [[Pohulpohul]] punika asring dados angsal-angsal kanggé pihak kulawarga ingkang rawuh sowan kanthi ancas wonten pangandikan adat. Umpaminipun ngendikakaken babagan rencana badhé ngawontenaken mantènan kanggé putra putri kanggée pihak kekalih. Kue pohulpohul ingkang wujduipun kados kepelan tangan punika tilas driji-driji ingkang mbentuk pohulpohul kasebat satemah glepung beras minangka bahan utama dados padhet lan ngebaki isi, punika dados pralambang saking kadospundi pangandikan adat wonten ing kekalih pihak (paranak lan parboru) kalampahan. Wonten ing proses dialog ugi negosisasi kasebat, kadhangkala wonten tetembungan ingkang kirang mranani dhateng manah. Nanging kados déné pohulpohul ingkang tansah ngisi lan dados setunggal supados kekajengan ingkang nembé dipunsiapaken nalika badhé gadhah kersa punika saged sampurna. == Pranala njawi == * [http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.426427511873.214802.375164791873&type=3 filosofi Pohulpohul] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220811015200/http://www.kulinersumut.com/kue-2/pohul-pohul.html pohulpohul] * [http://nutrisiuntukbangsa.org/itak-pohul-pohul-cita-rasa-yang-tersembunyi/ itak pohulpohul cita rasa yg tersembunyi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601195117/http://nutrisiuntukbangsa.org/itak-pohul-pohul-cita-rasa-yang-tersembunyi/ |date=2013-06-01 }} {{Suku Batak Toba}} [[Kategori:Masakan Sumatera Utara]] [[Kategori:Masakan Batak Toba]] [[Kategori:Kue Indonesia|Ombus]] {{makanan-indonesia-stub}} {{Suku-Batak-stub}} s51ltpcvmu9frivwek782cvps17a21u Florentino Pérez 0 147952 1759957 1652656 2026-11-05T17:52:17Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = Florentino Pérez |image = Florentino Pérez 2022 (cropped).jpg |image_size = 210px |caption = |birth_name = Florentino Pérez Rodríguez |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|3|8|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Hortaleza]], [[Madrid]], [[Spanyol]] |death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|1947|3|8|df=y}} --> |death_cause = |resting_place = |residence = [[Madrid]], Spanyol |nationality = [[Spanyol]] |citizenship = |alma_mater = [[Technical University of Madrid]] |occupation = Civil engineer |years_active = |employer = |known_for = Presiden klub [[Real Madrid]] |home_town = [[Madrid]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Florentino Perez|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/florentino-perez/|publisher=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=6 January 2018}}</ref> |salary = |weight = |title = |term = |predecessor = |successor = |party = |opponents = |boards = Chairman of '''[[Grupo ACS]]''' |spouse = María Ángeles "Pitina" Sandoval Montero (died 22 May 2012)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youkioske.com/prensa-espanola/diario-abc-23-mayo-2012/|title=Death of "Pitina" Sandoval|publisher=|access-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219074225/https://www.youkioske.com/|archive-date=2023-02-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> |partner = |children = María Ángeles Pérez Sandoval <br>Eduardo Pérez Sandoval <br>Florentino Pérez Sandoval |parents = |callsign = |awards = |website = |signature = |footnotes = |ethnicity = |networth = {{Increase}}US$2.1 billion (May 2017)<ref name="chafid2">[https://www.forbes.com/profile/florentino-perez/|title=Florentino Perez](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Januari 2018)]</ref> |religion = |relations = Eduardo Pérez del Barrio (father)<br/>Soledad Rodríguez Pérez (mother)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/2004/05/05/046.html|title=ABC (Madrid) - 05/05/2004, p. 46 - ABC.es Hemeroteca|website=hemeroteca.abc.es}}</ref> }} '''Florentino Pérez Rodriguez''' ({{lahirmati|[[Hortaleza]], [[Madrid]], [[Spanyol]]|8|3|1947}}) inggih punika Prèsidhèn [[Real Madrid CF]] lan mandhegani tim punika ing kalih mangsa ingkang bénten.<ref name="chafid1"/> Kapisan ing mangsa taun 2000-2006 lan kaping kalihipun tanggal 1 Juni 2009 ngantos dumugi samenika.<ref name="chafid1"/> Perez misuwur minangka prèsidhèn klub ingkang asring mendhet juru main bal kualitas ingkang saé piyambak lan reginipun awis, saéngga ing tim punika kathah juru main bintang ngantos dipunsebat ''Los Galactiécos''.<ref name="chafid1"/> Florentino Pérez sampun kasil pikantuk bebingah prèstisius tingkat donya dhateng [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]].<ref name="chafid1"/> Bab punika dipunsebabaken amargi pambudidayanipun ngrembakakaken klub saéngga suksès pikantuk manéka warni prestasi kados ngrebat 36 titel juwara, kalebet sekawan Piala Eropa kanggé [[bal-balan]] lan setunggal kanggé olahraga [[baskét]].<ref name="chafid1"/> Perez sampun ndamel klub Real Madrid minangka klub paling sugih sadonya lan pikantuk prédhikat klub olahraga paling préstisius sadonya miturut [[kalawarti]] [[Forbes]].<ref name="chafid1">[https://www.realmadrid.com/id/tentang-real-madrid/klub/sejarah/presiden/florentino-perez Florentino Pérez](dipunundhuh tanggal 6 Januari 2018)</ref> ==Pranala njawi== *{{id}} [https://www.realmadrid.com/id/tentang-real-madrid/klub/sejarah/presiden/florentino-perez Florentino Perez] == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Lair 1947]] 239a0f2pt3graffadfbet0n74cktpq7 Kevin De Bruyne 0 148028 1760166 1712415 2026-11-06T05:33:07Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Kevin De Bruyne | image = File:Kevin De Bruyne 201807091.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = De Bruyne ing wawan wicara tim nasional Bèlgi | fullname = Kevin De Bruyne<ref name="Barclays Premier League Squad Numbers 2013/14">{{Cite news |title=Barclays Premier League Squad Numbers 2013/14 |url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/news/news/2013-14/aug/premier-league-squad-numbers-seasons-2013-14.html |publisher=Premier League |date=9 Januari 2018 |access-date=9 Januari 2018 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821225359/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/news/news/2013-14/aug/premier-league-squad-numbers-seasons-2013-14.html |archive-date=9 Januari 2018 |df= }}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1991|6|28|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Drongen]], [[Ghent]], [[Bèlgi]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weltfussball.de/spieler_profil/kevin-de-bruyne/ |title=Kevin De Bruyne |publisher=weltfussball.de |language=de |access-date=9 Januari 2018}}</ref> | height = {{height|m=1.81}} | position = [[Midfielder]]| | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 1997–1999 | youthclubs1 = KVV Drongen | youthyears2 = 1999–2005 | youthclubs2 = [[K.A.A. Gent|Gent]] | youthyears3 = 2005–2008 | youthclubs3 = [[K.R.C. Genk|Genk]] | years1 = 2008–2012 | clubs1 = [[K.R.C. Genk|Genk]] | caps1 = 97 | goals1 = 16 | years2 = 2012–2014 | clubs2 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] | caps2 = 3 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2012–2013 | clubs3 = → [[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]] (silihan) | caps3 = 33 | goals3 = 10 | years4 = 2014–2015 | clubs4 = [[VfL Wolfsburg]] | caps4 = 52 | goals4 = 13 | years5 = 2015–saiki | clubs5 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] | caps5 = 225 | goals5 = 60<!--No in-game updates. Only adapt the number of goals when the match is over. Thank you.--> | nationalyears1 = 2008–2009 | nationalteam1 = [[Belgium national under-18 football team|BèlgiU18]] | nationalcaps1 = 7 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalyears2 = 2009–2010 | nationalteam2 = [[Belgium national under-19 football team|Bèlgi U19]] | nationalcaps2 = 10 | nationalgoals2 = 1 | nationalyears3 = 2010–2011 | nationalteam3 = [[Belgium national under-21 football team|Bèlgi U21]] | nationalcaps3 = 2 | nationalgoals3 = 0 | nationalyears4 = 2010–saiki | nationalteam4 = [[Belgium national football team|Bèlgi]] | nationalcaps4 = 97<!--Three of his matches with the Belgium national football team are not official according to FIFA rules. Please also adjust the "ntupdate" parameter below, by typing the time you adapted the number of caps. Thank you.--> | nationalgoals4 = 25 | pcupdate = 14:43, 14 Januari 2023 (UTC) | ntupdate = 1 Dhésèmber 2022 }} '''Kevin De Bruyne''' ({{IPA-nl|ˈkɛvɪn də ˈbrœynə}}; {{lahirmati|[[Drongen]], Bèlgi|28|6|1991}}) inggih punika satunggaling juru main [[bal-balan]] profésional saking [[Bèlgi]] ingkang samenika main ing [[Liga Utama Inggris|Liga Primer Inggris]] klub [[Manchester City]] lan Tim Nasional Bèlgi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://m.bola.net/profile/kevin_de_bruyne/index.html|title=Kevin De Bruyne - Bola.net|work=Bola.net|access-date=2018-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817144744/https://m.bola.net/profile/kevin_de_bruyne/index.html|archive-date=2019-08-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> Brunye main ing posisi [[gelandang|gelandhang serang]] lan gelandhang sayap.<ref name=":0" /> ==Karièr Klub== Wekdal taun 1997, Bruyne gabung kaliyan klub lokal, KVV Drongen lan kalih taun salajengipun gabung kaliyan klub [[Bèlgi]] K.A.A. Gent.<ref name=":0" /> De Bruyne nglajengaken kariripun ing klub Racing Genk ing taun 2005. Usaha De Bruyne dados kasil awit dipunpilih mlebet ''skuad'' tim utami Racing Genk ing taun 2008.<ref name=":0" /> Taun 2009, De Bruyne gabung kaliyan tim senior Racing Genk, lan tetandhingan mengsah Charleroi ing tanggal 9 Mei 2009 dados tetandhingan De Bruyne ingkang kapisan.<ref name=":0" /> Pertandhingan kasebat dipunmenangaken Charleroi kanthi skor 3-0.<ref name=":0" /> De Bruyne nyithak gol kang kawitan kanggé Racing Genk ing tanggal 7 Februari 2010 ing pertandhingan mengsah Standard Liege, ing pundi dipunmenangaken déning Racing Genk 1-0.<ref name=":0" /> Racing Genk dados juwara [[Bèlgin Pro League]] mangsa 2010-2011, lan De Bruyne kasil nyumbang gangsal gol saking 13 tetandhingan ing liga wau.<ref name=":0" /> De Bruyne nyithak ''hattrick'' kanggé wekdal kawitan ing tetandhingan Racing Genk mengsah klub [[Brugge]] ing tanggal 29 Oktober 2011. Tetandhingan kasebat dipunmenangaken Racing Genk kanthi skor 5-4.<ref name=":0" /> Ngantos pitung taun De Bruyne main ing klub Racing Genk, lajeng pindhah nilaraken [[Bèlgi]]. Piyambakipun pindhah dhateng klub [[Inggris]], [[Chelsea]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://juara.bolasport.com/read/sepak-bola/inggris/130456-profil.singkat.karier.kevin.de.bruyne|title=Profil Singkat Karier Kevin De Bruyne|last=Bhaktinusa|first=PT. Uninet|work=Juara.bolasport.com|access-date=2018-01-19|language=en}}</ref> Namung setaun ing klub [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], De Bruyne pindhah dhateng [[Jerman]] kanggé main ing klub [[Werder Bremen]] ing wulan Agustus 2012.<ref name=":1" /> Lajeng De Bruyne nggabung ing klub [[Wolfsburg]] sacara permanen ing taun 2014.<ref name=":1" /> Ing pertengahan taun 2015, De Bruyne wangsul malih dhateng [[Inggris]] amargi dipunrékrut klub [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]].<ref name=":1" /> De Bruyne dipunkontrak enem taun lan dipunboyong kanthi nilai transfer 55 yuta euro.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/id/news/784/transfer-pemain/2015/08/30/14891162/resmi-kevin-de-bruyne-milik-manchester-city|title=RESMI: Kevin De Bruyne Milik Manchester City {{!}} Goal.com|website=www.goal.com|language=id|access-date=2018-01-19}}</ref> Regi kasebat ndarosaken De Bruyne dados juru main paling awis nomer kalih ing [[Liga Inggris]] sasampunipun [[Angel Di Maria]] ingkang dipuntumbas [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]].<ref name=":2" /> == Jroning Angka == === Klub === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Panampilan lan gol adhedhasar klub, mangsa lan kompetisi |- !rowspan=2|Klub !rowspan=2|Mangsa !colspan=3|Liga !colspan=2|Piyala Nasional !colspan=2|Piyala Liga !colspan=2|Eropah !colspan=2|Liyané !colspan=2|Gunggung |- !Dhivisi!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol |- |rowspan=5| [[K.R.C. Genk|Genk]] |[[2008–09 Dhivisi Utama Belgia|2008–09]] |[[Dhivisi Utama Belgia]] |2||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||2||0 |- |[[2009–10 Liga Pro Belgia|2009–10]] |[[Liga Pro Belgia]] |35||3||2||0||colspan=2|—||2||0||1||0||40||3 |- |[[2010–11 Liga Pro Belgia|2010–11]] |Liga Pro Belgia |32||5||0||0||colspan=2|—||3||1||0||0||35||6 |- |[[2011–12 Liga Pro Belgia|2011–12]] |Liga Pro Belgia |28||8||1||0||colspan=2|—||6||0||1||0||36||8 |- !colspan=2|Gunggung !97!!16!!3!!0!!colspan=2|—!!11!!1!!2!!0!!113!!17 |- |[[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]] (silih) |[[2012–13 SV Werder Bremen mangsa|2012–13]] |[[Bundesliga]] |33||10||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||34||10 |- |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |[[2013–14 Chelsea F.C. mangsa|2013–14]] |[[Liga Primèr Inggris]] |3||0||0||0||3||0||3||0||colspan=2|—||9||0 |- |rowspan=4|[[VfL Wolfsburg]] |[[2013–14 VfL Wolfsburg mangsa|2013–14]] |Bundesliga |16||3||2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||18||3 |- |[[2014–15 VfL Wolfsburg mangsa|2014–15]] |Bundesliga |34||10||6||1||colspan=2|—||11||5||colspan=2|—||51||16 |- | [[2015–16 VfL Wolfsburg season|2015–16]] | Bundesliga |2||0||1||1||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1||0||4||1 |- !colspan=2| Gunggung !52!!13!!9!!2!!colspan=2|—!!11!!5!!1!!0!!73!!20 |- | rowspan="7" | [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] | [[2015–16 Manchester City F.C. mangsa|2015–16]] | Liga Primèr Inggris |25||7||1||1||5||5||10||3||colspan=2|—||41||16 |- | [[2016–17 Manchester City F.C. mangsa|2016–17]] | Liga Primèr Inggris |36||6||5||0||1||0||7||1||colspan=2|—||49||7 |- | [[2017–18 Manchester City F.C. mangsa|2017–18]] | Liga Primèr Inggris |37||8||3||1||4||2||8||1||colspan=2|—||52||12 |- |[[2018–19 Manchester City F.C. mangsa|2018–19]] |Liga Primèr Inggris |19||2||4||2||5||2||4||0||0||0||32||6 |- |[[2019–20 Manchester City F.C. mangsa|2019–20]] |Liga Primèr Inggris |35||13||2||1||3||0||7||2||1||0||48||16 |- |[[2020–21 Manchester City F.C. mangsa|2020–21]] |Liga Primèr Inggris |25||6||3||1||4||0||7||4||colspan="2"|—||39||10 |- !colspan="2"|Gunggung !177!!42!!18!!6!!22!!9!!43!!10!!1!!0!!261!!67 |- !colspan="3"|Gunggung karir !362!!81!!31!!8!!25!!9!!68!!16!!4!!0!!490!!114 |} === Nagara === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Panampilan lan gol adhedhasar tim nasional lan taun |- !Tim nasional!!Taun!!Panampilan!!Gol |- |rowspan=12|[[Tim Nasional bal-balan Belgia|Belgia]] |2010||1||0 |- |2011||1||0 |- |2012||6||1 |- |2013||11||3 |- |2014||11||4 |- |2015||8||4 |- |2016||12||1 |- |2017||8||0 |- |2018||10||2 |- |2019||6||4 |- |2020||4||1 |- |2021||2||1 |- !colspan=2|Gunggung!!80!!21 |} == Gol Internasional == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ Dhaptar gol internasional dicithak déning Kevin De Bruyne |- !scope=col|Nomer !scope=col|Surya !scope=col|Papan !scope=col|Main !scope=col|Mungsuh !scope=col|Angka !scope=col|Asil !scope=col|Kompetisi |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|1 | 12 Oktober 2012 || [[Stadhion Crvena Zvezda]], [[Belgrade]], Sèrbia || align=center | 6 || {{fb|SRB}} || align=center | 2–0 || align=center | 3–0 || rowspan=4 | Kuwalifikasi Piyala Donya 2014 |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|2 | 22 Maret 2013 || [[Philip II Arena]], [[Skopje]], Makédonia || align=center | 10 || {{fb|MKD|name=Makédonia}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center | 2–0 |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|3 | 7 Juni 2013 || rowspan=2 | [[Stadhion King Baudouin]], [[Brussels]], Bèlgia || align=center | 13 || {{fb|SRB}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center | 2–1 |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|4 | 15 Oktober 2013 || align=center | 17 || {{fb|WAL}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center | 1–1 |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|5 | 26 Mèi 2014|| [[Cristal Arena]], [[Gènk]], Bèlgia || align=center | 21 || Luksembrug || align="center" | 5–1 || align=center | 5–1 || [[Exhibition game#Association football|Kekancan]] |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|6 | 1 Juli 2014 || [[Itaipava Arena Fonte Nova|Arena Fonte Nova]], [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], Brasil || align=center | 25 || {{fb|USA}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center | 2–1 || [[2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Piyala Donya 2014]] |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|7 | rowspan=2 | 10 Oktober 2014 || rowspan=3 | Stadhion King Baudouin, Brussels, Bèlgia || align=center rowspan=2 | 28 || rowspan=2 | {{fb|AND}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center rowspan=2 | 6–0 || rowspan=5 | [[Kuwalifikasi Euro 2016|Kuwalifikasi Euro 2016]] |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|8 | align=center | 2–0 |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|9 | 3 Sèptèmber 2015 || align=center | 34 || {{fb|BIH}} || align=center | 2–1 || align=center | 3–1 |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|10 | 10 Oktober 2015 || [[Estadi Nacional]], [[Andorra la Vella]], Andorra || align=center | 36 ||{{fb|AND}} || align=center | 2–0 || align=center | 4–1 |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|11 | 13 Oktober 2015 || rowspan=2 | StadhionKing Baudouin , Brussels, Bèlgia || align=center | 37 || {{fb|ISR}} || align=center | 2–0 || align=center | 3–1 |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|12 | 13 Novèmber 2015 || align=center | 38 || {{fb|ITA}} || align=center | 2–1 || align=center | 3–1 || rowspan=3 | Kekancan |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|13 | 28 Mèi 2016 || [[Stade de Genève]], Lancy, Swis || align=center | 39 || {{fb|SUI}}|| align=center | 2–1 || align=center | 2–1 |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|14 | 27 Maret 2018 || Stadhion King Baudouin, Brussels, Bèlgia || align=center | 59 || {{fb|KSA}} || align=center | 4–0 || align=center | 4–0 |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|15 | 6 Juli 2018 || [[Kazan Arena]], [[Kazan]], Ruslan || align=center | 66 || {{fb|BRA}} || align=center | 2–0 || align=center | 2–1 || [[Piyala Donya 2018|Piyala Donya 2018]] |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|16 | 11 Juni 2019 || Stadhion King Baudouin, Brussels, Bèlgia || align=center | 70 || rowspan=2 | {{fb|SCO}} || align=center | 3–0 || align=center | 3–0 || rowspan=4 | [[Kuwalifikasi Euro 2020 Grup I|Kuwalifikasi Euro 2020]] |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|17 | 9 Sèptèmber 2019 || [[Hampden Park]], [[Glasgow]], Sekotlen || align=center | 72 || align=center | 4–0 || align=center | 4–0 |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|18 | rowspan=2 | 19 Novèmber 2019 || rowspan=2 | Stadhion King Baudouin, Brussels, Bèlgia || align=center rowspan=2 | 74 || rowspan=2 | {{fb|CYP}} || align=center | 2–1 || align=center rowspan=2 | 6–1 |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|19 | align=center | 3–1 |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|20 | 18 Novèmber 2020 || rowspan=2 | [[Den Dreef]], [[Leuven]], Bèlgia || align=center | 78 || {{fb|DEN}} || align=center | 4–2 || align=center | 4–2 || [[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]] |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|21 | 24 Maret 2021 || align=center | 79 || {{fb|WAL}} || align=center | 1–1 || align=center | 3–1 || [[Kuwalifikasi Piyala Donya 2022 – UEFA Grup E|Kuwalifikasi Piyala Donya 2022]] |} ==Pranala njawi== {{id}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20190817144744/https://m.bola.net/profile/kevin_de_bruyne/index.html '''Kevin De Bruyne'''] == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Lair 1991]] [[Kategori:Pamain Bèker Donya FIFA 2014]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan]] <references /> ps6mkamnbqwd403ifqrmaoeiq93u464 Kue Jojorong 0 148058 1760198 1645299 2026-11-06T07:15:20Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Prepared Food | name = Kue jojorong | image = Jojorong.jpg | alternative names = | caption = Kue jojorong | country = [[Indonesia]] | region = [[Pandeglang]], [[Banten]] | creator = | course = [[Hidangan penutup]], [[Makanan ringan]] | served = Suhu ruangan | main_ingredient = [[Tepung beras]], [[Santan]], [[Gula aren]]<ref>{{citeweb |url=https://www.femina.co.id/article/jojorong |title=Jojorong |date=2014-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206074058/https://www.femina.co.id/article/jojorong |archive-date=2017-12-06 |website=[[Femina]] |access-date=2017-12-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | variations = | calories = | other = }} '''Kue jojorong''' utawi '''Jojorong''' inggih punika satunggaling dhaharan khas [[suku Banten]] saking [[kabupaten Pandeglang]]. Dhaharan punika ngginakaken bahan dhasar inggih punika wujud glepung beras lan santen klapa ingkang wonten njeronipun punika dipunisi kaliyan [[gula aren]]. Papan utawi mangkok kanggé kuenipun punika wujudipun persegu lan dipundamel saking ron (godhong) gedhang ingkang saben pucukipun punika dipuntangsuli ngginakaken tusuk gigi.<ref name=":2">{{citeweb |url=https://food.idntimes.com/diet/devalitta/walau-sudah-ada-yang-kekinian-kue-legendaris-banten-ini-masih-banyak-dicari-loh-c1c2/full |last=Devalitta |date=2017-09-27 |title=Walau Sudah Ada yang Kekinian, Kue Legendaris Banten Ini Masih Banyak Dicari loh! |website=IDN Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206081954/https://food.idntimes.com/diet/devalitta/walau-sudah-ada-yang-kekinian-kue-legendaris-banten-ini-masih-banyak-dicari-loh-c1c2/full |archive-date=2017-12-06 |access-date=2017-12-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amargi jojorong punika dhaharan ingkang ngginakaken bahan dhasar saking santen, pramila kue punika kedah langsung dipunrahapi nalika dipuncawisaken amargi gampang sulaya/ sayup.<ref name=":1">{{citeweb |last=Ardiansjah |first=Noer |url=https://merahputih.com/post/read/jojorong-puding-tradhisional-khas-pandeglang |title=Jojorong Puding Tradisional Khas Pandeglang |website=Merah Putih |date=2016-02-14 |archive-date=2017-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206081510/https://merahputih.com/post/read/jojorong-puding-tradhisional-khas-pandeglang |access-date=2017-12-06 |url-status=live }}</ref> Padatanipun jojorong punika namung saged dipunrahapi nalika wonten adicara hajatan wonten ing wewengkon [[Banten]], mliginipun ing [[Kabupaten Lebak]] lan [[Kabupaten Pandeglang|Pandeglang]].<ref name=":2" /> Wonten ing adicara supitan/ khitanan utawi mantenan, jue jojorong punika dados sajian kanggé para dhayoh ingkang dipunsandhingaken kaliyan dhaharan tradhisional sanesipun. Sinaosa mekaten, nalika wulan Ramelan, kue jojorong punika langkung gampil kapanggihaken amargi kue punika tansah dados dhaharan nalika buka pasa tumrap [[Suku Banten|masyarakat Banten]].<ref name=":1" />. Kue jojorong memiliki tekstur yang lembut dengan dibalut gula merah cair yang legit rasanya, terdapat daun pandan yang berguna untuk menambah aroma kue tradisional jojorong. == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * Kue Jojorong ing [http://disbudpar.pandeglangkab.go.id/obwisa-73.html website resmi Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Pandeglang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214035911/http://disbudpar.pandeglangkab.go.id/obwisa-73.html |date=2017-12-14 }} [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Indonésia]] mjsk9fljgbovbifph1ib97sagq20idv Jean-Claude R. Galey 0 148120 1760067 1706944 2026-11-06T00:10:04Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760067 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Claude R. Galey''' ya iku ahli [[antropologi]] saka [[Paris]], [[Prancis]], kalairan taun 1946<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/436848672|title=Biographical dictionary of social and cultural anthropology|last=Amit|first=Vered|date=|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=020364459X|location=London|pages=264|oclc=436848672}}</ref>. Galey naté olèh pandhidhikan pawiyatan luhur saka Sorbonne (BA) taun 1969 lan MA taun 1970. Sabanjuré ing Paris X-Nanterre, olèh gelar Ph.D. taun 1973<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ceias.ehess.fr/index.php?92|title=Jean-Claude Galey|website=ceias.ehess.fr|language=fr|access-date=2018-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921111443/http://ceias.ehess.fr/index.php?92|archive-date=2019-09-21|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Panlitian lapangan kang dilakoni dhèwèké ya iku ana ing [[Kamerun]] lor taun 1970, Himalaya kulon, Indhi taun 1974, 1977, lan 1985<ref name=":0" />. Uga ana ing pantaé Karnataka taun 1987, 1992, lan rajasthan taun 1999. Karya-karya akademis kang sinerat déning dhèwèké ya iku antarané ''Kingship and the Kings'' (1990) lan ‘L’Homme en nature. Hindouisme et pensée sauvage’ ana ing buku ''Les Sentiments de la nature'' (ing basa Inggris: Sentiments and Nature) taun 1994<ref name=":0" />. Jean-Claude iki duwé pisumbangan ngembangaké tradisi antropologis saka R.H. Lowie kang nuduhaké filosofi Prancis marang [[sosiologi]]. Jean-Claude uga murid saka Lévis-Strauss lan L. Dumont. Dhèwèké uga dadi èditor kang pertama ing Social Anthropology (Cambridge University Press) taun 1990-2000<ref name=":0" />. ==Rujukan== [[Kategori:Antropolog]] ltbyz2n23phww4cvo23wntzo6kz1e10 Hinomaru Yosegaki 0 148123 1760027 1757492 2026-11-05T21:54:03Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760027 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Signed_Hinomaru_flag_of_Eihachi_Yamaguchi.JPG|ka|jmpl|Hinomaru kang ditulisi, saka Eihachi Yamaguchi (Gendera iki saiki disimpen dening kaluwarga Yamaguchi.)]] '''''Hinomaru Yosegaki''''' (日の丸寄せ書き) ing [[basa Jepang]], utawa '''Gendera Pangajab Kasuksesan '''ya iku gendéra kang duwé fungsi minangka bebungah tradhisional kanggo bala Jepang kang diutus kanggo kampanye militer [[Kamaharajan Jepang]], nalika [[Perang Donya II]]. Gendera kang diwenehaké dhumateng bala ya iku gendéra hinomaru kang wis ditapakasmani déning rerencang lan kaluwarga, biasane ditulisi kanthi pesen cekak kang isiné pangajab kasalamatan, kaamanan, kabejan, lan kamenangan.<ref>Gary Nila and Robert Rolfe, Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces 2006 Osprey Publishing</ref> Wong Jepang nyeluk gendérané kanthi sebutan ''[[Gendéra Jepang|hinomaru]]'', kang arti harfiahé "bunderan srengéngé", kang bunderan abang ing tengahing warna putih. Nalika ''hinomaru'' ditapaksamani, tulisan Jepang biasané ditulis kanthi vertikal kang dhapuré kaya sorot srengéngé kang mubeng ing sakpinggiré bunderan abang. Iki bisa ngrujuk marang tembung kapindho, ''yosegaki'', kang berarti "nulis nyamping". Dadi, tembung ''hinomaru-yosegaki'' isoh diartikne "Nulis nyamping ing sakupengé bunderan abang".{{sfn|Bortner|2008}} == Sajarah == ''Hinomaru yosegaki'' asliné ditujokké marang wong lanang sadurungé dadi bala utawa manggon ing laladan bala tartamtu. Umumé, sedulur, tangga, kanca-kanca, lan kanca kerja bakal nulis jeneng, layang pangajab, wejangan, utawa layang liyané ing gendéra. Biasané, layang ditulis kanthi arah metu saka bunderan abang kaya sumunaré srengéngé. Nanging, wujudé isoh awut-awutan menawa kang pengen nulis layang kang akèh. [[Gambar:Japanese_personal_flag.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Tentara Jepang asring nggawa ''hinomaru ''pribadi, ditapakasmani lan ditulisi dening rerencang, tetangga, lan sanak-dulur, sebagai simbol patriotik. Gendera iki ditemokne pas Pertempuran Guam. Disumbangke dening Mr. Ralph Phipps.]] Biasane, sawatara jinis pitutur kaya ta ''Bu un Chou kyu'' ditulis ing tengen ndhuwur gendéra. Menawa dipertal ing basa Jawa, ''Bu un Chou kyu'' tegesé "Muga-Muga kabejan tansah tumurun ing sampeyan salawasé." Tulisan ''[[kanji]]'' biasané ditulis nganggo kuas lan mangsi. Nalika kabiasaan nyorat-nyoret gendéra wiwit dadi prakara, pirang-pirang sumber nyebutké menawa gendéra iki wis dadi bagéan saka perlengkapan manuver perang, terbukti saka sabuk "Sewu Selendang" (''senninbari''), kang dinggo selama Perang Sino-Jepang Pertama (1894-1895). Saben gendéra saka sadurungé Insiden Manchuria (1931) dianggap arang. Sacara umum, ''hinomaru'' ''yosegaki'' ana tekan saiki iku padha karo gendéra nalika sadurungé utawa selama periode Perang Sino-Jepang Ke-2 (1937-1945). == Kasaksenan Veteran AS == [[Gambar:Captured_Japanese_flag_on_Iwo_Jima.jpg|ka|jmpl|Marinir AS nemu Gendéra Jepang ing Iwo Jima]] Ing buku karangan Sid Phillips, ''You'll Be Sor-ree'', dijlentrehaké wigatiné gendéra Jepang nalika Perang Pasifik, "Sabèn Jap kayané duwé gendéra sutra pribadi kang ditulisi lan bakso gedhé ing tengahé."<ref>Phillips, Sid ''You'll Be Sor-ree'' Copyright 2010 Valor Studios, INC.</ref> Ana akèh buku kang njlentrehaké menawa gendéra iki dijupuk déning Marinir AS lan Tentara Infantri Angkatan Darat AS. Contoné kaya crita ing buku ''With the Old Breed'' anggitané Eugene Sledge.<ref>Sledge, Eugene B. ''With the Old Breed'' 1981 [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidio_Press Presidio Press] Trade Paperback Edition</ref> Ing taun 2008 ing ''Warta Monroe'', Veteran Perang Donya II ngendika babagan gendéra kang digawa saka [[Perang Pasifik]].<ref name="Monroe">{{cite news|url=http://www.monroenews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080707/NEWS01/647675358/-1/NEWS|title=Vet Returning Japanese Flag from WWII|last=Cousino|first=Dean|date=8 Juli 2010|work=The Monroe Evening News|access-date=21 Dhésèmber 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324215018/http://www.monroenews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20080707%2FNEWS01%2F647675358%2F-1%2FNEWS|archive-date=24 Maret 2012|url-status=dead|location=[[Monroe, MI]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Upaya Mbalikaké Gendera == OBON SOCIETY (mbiyen jenenge OBON 2015) ya iku organisasi afiliasi nirlaba kang nduwéni misi mbalikaké ''hinomaru yosegaki'' marang kulawargané dhéwé-dhéwé ing di Jepang.<ref name="obonsociety.org">http://obonsociety.org</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://obon2015.com/english/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2018-01-12 |archive-date=2017-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803125854/http://obon2015.com/english/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.returningyosegakihinomaru.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2018-01-12 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225033836/http://www.returningyosegakihinomaru.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kedutaan Besar AS ing Tokyo nulis layang marang OBON 2015; "OBON 2015 nerusaké semangat Presidhen Kennedy ing babagan rekonsiliasi lan persahabatan."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://obon2015.com/english/a-letter-from-the-embassy.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2018-01-12 |archive-date=2019-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629143113/http://obon2015.com/english/a-letter-from-the-embassy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ing taun 2015, upaya OBON SOCIETY diakoni pamaréntah Jepang nalika Rex lan Keiko Ziak (pangyasa OBON SOCIETY) lunga menyang Jepang karo nggawa sakelompok veteran AS lan ketemu karo Mahamantri Shinzo Abe. Kanthi pengetan 70 tahun bubaré Perang Donya II, karya OBON SOCIETY wis diakoni déning Mantri Luar Negeri Jepang minangka simbol wigati rekonsiliasi, padha mangerténi, lan persahabatan kalih negara.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.seattle.us.emb-japan.go.jp/files/000126778.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2018-01-12 |archive-date=2018-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820145246/http://www.seattle.us.emb-japan.go.jp/files/000126778.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ing Agustus 2017, OBON SOCIETY wis mbalikaké 108 gendéra lan luwih saka 295 gendéra kang nembé diproses. Ing tanggal 15 Agustus 2017, OBON SOCIETY ngakon Marvin Strombo, veteran Perang Donya II kang yuswané 93 taun, lunga menyang Jepang kanggo mbalikne gendéra menyang kulawarga Tatsuya Yasue (89 taun).<ref name="obonsociety.org"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/15/former-us-marine-returns-flag-took-fallen-japanese-soldier-wwii/|title=Former US Marine returns a flag he took from a fallen Japanese soldier during WWII|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2017-08-16|language=en-GB}}</ref> Warta lan wawancara kang dibabar nunjukaké menawa upaya mbalikaké gendéra dianggep minangka tumindhak kamanungsan kang bisa mungkasi kasus ing kulawarga kang gendérané direbut.<ref name=":0" /><ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-flags-of-their-fathers/</ref><ref>http://democratherald.com/albany/video-a-peaceful-return/youtube_5fd5cc4a-94f8-5330-a317-d4a4478616b7.html</ref><ref>http://www.dailyastorian.com/Free/20170313/wwii-vet-hopes-japanese-flag-can-be-given-to-owners-family</ref><ref>http://democratherald.com/news/a-final-healing-act/article_17eaef45-5f58-5617-be6c-dac6ee297272.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://koin.com/2015/03/23/oregon-ww2-vets-return-japanese-flags-to-families/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2018-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803091348/http://koin.com/2015/03/23/oregon-ww2-vets-return-japanese-flags-to-families/ |archive-date=2017-08-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>http://nwnewsnetwork.org/post/aging-us-veterans-seek-return-captured-wwii-flags-japan</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.opb.org/radio/programs/thinkoutloud/segment/returning-world-war-ii-combat-souvenirs/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2018-01-12 |archive-date=2018-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829142436/https://www.opb.org/radio/programs/thinkoutloud/segment/returning-world-war-ii-combat-souvenirs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/breakfast/obon-2015-returning-hinomaru-yosegaki/5411242</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=75615 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2018-01-12 |archive-date=2014-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103213700/http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=75615 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-1Z-pJByQQ</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R27BG5sXVso</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> == Waca Uga == * {{Cite book|title=Imperial Japanese Good Luck Flags and One-Thousand Stitch Belts|last=Bortner|first=Michael A.|date=2008|publisher=Schiffer Military Books|isbn=978-0764329272}} == Pranala Jawi == * [http://i679.photobucket.com/albums/vv155/Caliga10/Flag1.jpg Tuladha Gendera 1] * [http://i679.photobucket.com/albums/vv155/Caliga10/Flag2.jpg Tuladha Gendera 2] * [http://GetHistoryToday.com GetHistoryToday] [[Kategori:Budaya Jepang]] pyh6i9pe88lyf7v3a6kwkkl66192bob Feliks Gross 0 148196 1759950 1742668 2026-11-05T17:38:53Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759950 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Feliks Gross''' ya iku ahli [[antropologi]] saka Krakow, [[Polandia]], kalairan ing taun 1906<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/436848672|title=Biographical dictionary of social and cultural anthropology|last=Amit|first=Vered|date=|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=020364459X|location=London|pages=297|oclc=436848672}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://cunyufs.org/academy/ProfessorFeliksGrossSociologicalHumanist.html|title=Professor Feliks Gross: Sociological Humanist|website=cunyufs.org|access-date=2018-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510071937/http://cunyufs.org/academy/ProfessorFeliksGrossSociologicalHumanist.html|archive-date=2018-05-10|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Feliks naté sinau ing [[Jagiellonian University]], Krakow, (MA) ing taun 1929. Sabanjuré olèh gelar Ph.D. ing taun 1930. Panlitian lapangan kang linakoni déning Feliks ya iku ana ing Maine lor, Amérikah Sarékat ing antara taun 1952 nganti 1985, ing Fumone, [[Italia]] ing taun 1957 nganti 1970, lan ing rèservasi bebrayan India Arapaho, Wyoming, [[Amérikah Sarékat]] ing taun 1945 lan 1951<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. Karya-karya akademis kang sinerat déning Feliks ya iku ''Koczownictwo'' (Nomadisme) ing taun 1936, ''Values and Social Change in an Italian Village'' (taun 1973), ''Ethnics in a Borderland: an Inquiry into the Nature of Ethnicity'' (taun 1978), lan ''The Civic and the Tribal State'' (taun 1998)<ref name=":0" />. Feliks iki murid salah siji saka [[Bronislaw Malinowski]]. Feliks suwé pisumbangan ing pangembangan kajian identitas, wates-wates sosial, lan solidaritas bebrayan<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bcexcelsior.com/bc-classics-professor-wins-feliks-gross-award/|title=BC Classics Professor Wins Feliks Gross Award – the EXCELSIOR|website=bcexcelsior.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-14|archive-date=2017-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824073607/http://bcexcelsior.com/bc-classics-professor-wins-feliks-gross-award/|url-status=dead}}</ref>. ==Rujukan== [[Kategori:Antropolog]] df19wpxb5tfixutsbdj719bgviq3ry4 Jan Oblak 0 148244 1760063 1723374 2026-11-05T23:50:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Jan Oblak | image = Jan Oblak 2019.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Oblak ing klub [[Atlético Madrid]] taun 2019 | fullname = Jan Oblak | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|1|7|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Škofja Loka]], [[Slowén]] | height = {{height|m=1.89}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Jan Oblak|url=http://www.atleticodemadrid.com/jugadores/jan-oblak-2016-2017|publisher=Atlético Madrid|access-date=16 Januari 2018}}</ref> | position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]] | currentclub = [[Atlético Madrid]] | clubnumber = 13 | youthyears1 = 1999–2003 | youthclubs1 = Ločan | youthyears2 = 2003–2004 | youthclubs2 = [[NK Olimpija Ljubljana (defunct)|Olimpija]] | youthyears3 = 2005–2009 | youthclubs3 = [[NK Olimpija Ljubljana (2005)|Olimpija Ljubljana]] | years1 = 2009–2010 | clubs1 = [[NK Olimpija Ljubljana (2005)|Olimpija Ljubljana]] | caps1 = 34 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2010–2014 | clubs2 = [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]] | caps2 = 16 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2010 | clubs3 = → [[S.C. Beira-Mar|Beira-Mar]] (dipunampil) | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2011 | clubs4 = → [[S.C. Olhanense|Olhanense]] (dipunampil) | caps4 = 0 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2011–2012 | clubs5 = → [[U.D. Leiria|União de Leiria]] (dipunampil) | caps5 = 16 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2012–2013 | clubs6 = → [[Rio Ave F.C.|Rio Ave]] (dipunampil) | caps6 = 28 | goals6 = 0 | years7 = 2014–saiki | clubs7 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps7 = <!--LEAGUE ONLY--> 96 <!--LEAGUE ONLY--> | goals7 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2008 | nationalteam1 = Slowén U15 | nationalcaps1 = 1 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2009 | nationalteam2 = Slowén U16 | nationalcaps2 = 2 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 2010–2012 | nationalteam3 = Slowén U20 | nationalcaps3 = 4 | nationalgoals3 = 0 | nationalyears4 = 2009–2013 | nationalteam4 = [[Slowén national under-21 football team|Slowén U21]] | nationalcaps4 = 18 | nationalgoals4 = 0 | nationalyears5 = 2012– | nationalteam5 = [[Slowén national football team|Slowén]] | nationalcaps5 = 18 | nationalgoals5 = 0 | club-update = 22 December 2017 | nationalteam-update = 8 October 2017 }} '''Jan Oblak''' (lair 7 Januari 1993) inggih punika satunggaling juru main [[bal-balan]] profèsional saking [[Slowén]] ingkang main ing klub [[Spanyol]] [[Atlético Madrid]] lan [[Tim Nasional Bal-balan Slowén]] dados [[kiper]].<ref name="internet3">[https://www.transfermarkt.com/jan-oblak/profil/spieler/121483 Jan Oblak](dipunundhuh tanggal 16 Januari 2018)</ref> Oblak napakasmani kontrak kaliyan klub [[Portugal]] [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]] ing umur 17 taun, lan kalebet bagéyan saking tim ingkang menangaken [[trèbel dhomèstik]] ing Benfica mangsa 2013-2014.<ref name="internet3"/> Salajengipun Oblak pindhah dhateng Atlético Madrid kanthi béaya transfer 16 yuta éuro, dados kiper [[La Liga]] paling awis.<ref name="internet1">[http://www.sinarharapan.co/news/read/140723040/jan-oblak-kiper-termahal-la-liga-span-span- Jan Oblak Kiper Termahal La Liga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822033233/http://www.sinarharapan.co/news/read/140723040/jan-oblak-kiper-termahal-la-liga-span-span- |date=2019-08-22 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 16 Januari 2018)</ref> Nalika mangsa 2015-16 piyambakipun pikantuk bebingah [[Tropi Ricardo Zamora]] minangka kiper ingkang saé piyambak.<ref name="internet4">[https://www.bola.net/spanyol/kiper-kiper-peraih-trofeo-ricardo-zamora-sejak-2006-929fdc.html Kiper-kiper Peraih Trofeo Ricardo Zamora Sejak 2006](dipunundhuh tanggal 16 Januari 2018)</ref> Piyambakipun menangaken bebingah punika malih ing taun 2016-17.<ref name="internet2"/> Oblak miwiti karir internasionalipun wiwit taun 2012.<ref name="internet2">[http://bookieweb.com/berita-bola/profil-lengkap-jan-oblak/ Profil Lengkap Jan Oblak] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805064916/http://bookieweb.com/berita-bola/profil-lengkap-jan-oblak/ |date=2015-08-05 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 16 Januari 2018)</ref> ==Karir klub== ===Olimpija=== Lair ing [[Upper Carniola]] kutha [[Škofja Loka]], Oblak miwiti main bal ing umur gangsal taun ing kutha kalairanipun. Wekdal umuripun ngancik sedasa taun, piyambakipun pindhah dhateng Akadhemi Bal Eném [[NK Olimpija Ljubljana (defunct)|Olimpija]],<ref>{{cite web|title=How Jan Oblak rose to shine at Atlético|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2359881.html|publisher=UEFA|date=3 Mèi 2016|access-date=16 Januari 2018}}</ref> ing akadhemi punika ngantos mangsa 2004-05 wekdal klub punika bibar. Piyambakipun lajeng pindhah dhateng klub énggal [[NK Bežigrad|Bežigrad]], ingkang ing tembé wingking gantos nama dados [[NK Olimpija Ljubljana (2005)|Olimpija Ljubljana]] ing taun 2008. Taun salajengipun Oblak nulak kontrak saking klub [[Italia]] [[Empoli F.C.|Empoli]] lan langkung milih nggabung ing klub [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] kanthi status ''trial'' utawi uji coba kemawon,<ref>{{cite news|title=Fulham move for Olimpic Ljubljana goalkeeper Jan Oblak|url=http://www.tribalfootball.com/fulham-move-olimpic-ljubljana-goalkeeper-jan-oblak-257494|work=Tribal Football|date=17 Juli 2009|access-date=16 Januari 2018|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902034333/http://www.tribalfootball.com/fulham-move-olimpic-ljubljana-goalkeeper-jan-oblak-257494|archive-date=16 Januari 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> nanging ing pungkasanipun Oblak mboten kersa nilaraken klub lan gadhah komitmen kanggé ndawakaken mangsa kontrak ngantos taun 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Slowénn shuns Cottagers|url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11661/5459366/slovenian-shuns-cottagers|first=Jure|last=Bohoric|work=[[Sky Sports]]|date=29 Juli 2009|access-date=16 Januari 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Jan Oblak rejects Fulham after trials|url=http://www.tribalfootball.com/jan-oblak-rejects-fulham-after-trials-260041|work=Tribal Football|date=30 Juli 2009|access-date=16 Januari 2018|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902034334/http://www.tribalfootball.com/jan-oblak-rejects-fulham-after-trials-260041|archive-date=16 Januari 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ===Benfica=== Tanggal 14 Juni 2010, Oblak napakasmani kontrak kaliyan klub [[Portugal]] [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.24ur.com/sport/nogomet/jan-oblak-tudi-uradno-v-benfici.html |title=Jan Oblak tudi uradno v Benfici |trans-title=Jan Oblak officially in Benfica |publisher=24ur.com |language=Slowénn |date=14 Juni 2010 |access-date=16 Januari 2018}}</ref> ingkang ngampilaken Oblak dhateng [[Liga Priméria]] klub [[S.C. Beira-Mar|Beira-Mar]] ing wulan Agustus 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-nos/benfica/detalhe/jan-oblak-emprestado-ao-beira-mar-460152.html |title=Jan Oblak emprestado ao Beira-Mar |trans-title=Jan Oblak on the Beira-Mar |publisher=[[Record (newspaper)|Record]] |language=Portuguese |date=30 Agustus 2010 |access-date=16 Januari 2018 |archive-date=2017-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519180600/http://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-nos/benfica/detalhe/jan-oblak-emprestado-ao-beira-mar-460152.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Piyambakipun lajeng nggabung ing klub [[S.C. Olhanense|Olhanense]] kanthi status dipunampil ngantos Januari 2011, ngantos mangsa 2010-11.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/2--liga/olhanense/detalhe/oblak-e-tiero-apresentados-681840.html |title=Oblak e Tiero apresentados |trans-title=Oblak and Tiero presented |publisher=Record |language=Portuguese |date=30 Januari 2011 |access-date=16 Januari 2018 |archive-date=2017-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427192455/http://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/2--liga/olhanense/detalhe/oblak-e-tiero-apresentados-681840.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Benfica ngampilaken Oblak dhateng tim Portugal sanès, [[U.D. Leiria|União de Leiria]], kanggé mangsa 2011-12.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/uniao_leiria/interior.aspx?content_id=736781 | title = Cajuda: "Oblak tem excelentes capacidades" | trans-title = Cajuda: "Oblak has great skills" | publisher = Record | language = Portuguese | date = 19 Januari 2012 | access-date = 16 Januari 2018 | archive-date = 2012-04-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120412122321/http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/uniao_leiria/interior.aspx?content_id=736781 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Piyambakipun nindakaken debut ing liga punika tanggal 15 Januari 2012, kanthi asil imbang 2-2 mengsah klub [[C.D. Nacional|Nacional]]. Wulan Juli 2013, gagal nampilaken piyambakipun ing latian pra-mangsa, ngeklaim piyambakipun sampun mboten gadhah kontrak malih kaliyan klub Benfica.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.futebol365.pt/noticias/artigo.asp?ID=89135#.UhvjOH-k4t0 | title = Oblak ainda não se apresentou | trans-title = Oblak still hasn't showed up | publisher = Futebol 365 | language = Portuguese | date = 13 Juli 2013 | access-date = 16 Januari 2018}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ing akhir wulan salajengipun, Oblak napakasmani perpanjangan kontrak ngantos taun 2018, ingkang nggambaraken satunggaling situasi "kasalahpahaman".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.slbenfica.pt/noticias/detalhedenoticia/tabid/2788/ArticleId/31279/language/pt-PT/Jan-Oblak-foi-reintegrado-O-Benfica-e-o-meu-Clube-e-estou-feliz.aspx | title = Jan Oblak foi reintegrado: "O Benfica é o meu clube e estou feliz" | trans-title = Jan Oblak has been reinstated: "Benfica is my club and i am happy" | publisher = [[S.L. Benfica]] | language = Portuguese | date = 25 Agustus 2013 | access-date = 16 Januari 2018 | archive-date = 2015-03-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150321215932/http://www.slbenfica.pt/noticias/detalhedenoticia/tabid/2788/ArticleId/31279/language/pt-PT/Jan-Oblak-foi-reintegrado-O-Benfica-e-o-meu-Clube-e-estou-feliz.aspx | url-status = dead }}</ref> ==Pranala njawi== * {{id}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20190822033233/http://www.sinarharapan.co/news/read/140723040/jan-oblak-kiper-termahal-la-liga-span-span- ''Jan Oblak Kiper Termahal La Liga''] * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/jan-oblak/profil/spieler/121483 '''Jan Oblak'''] Profil Jan Oblak ing Basa Inggris ==Rujukan== [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan]] okuzfdm8jmt9mfi1xb78xdrih3sh6lw Faye Venetia Harrison 0 148459 1759949 1703691 2026-11-05T17:38:40Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759949 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faye Venetia Harrison''' ya iku ahli [[antropologi]] wanita saka Norfolk, [[Virginia]], [[Amérikah Sarékat]], kalairan ing tanggal 25 Novèmber 1951<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/436848672|title=Biographical dictionary of social and cultural anthropology|last=Amit|first=Vered|date=|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=020364459X|location=London|pages=324|oclc=436848672}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://prabook.com/web/faye_venetia.harrison/495517|title=Faye Venetia Harrison|access-date=2018-01-16|language=en-EN}}</ref>. Pandhidhikané Faye ing pawiyatan luhur naté ana ing [[Brown University]] (BA) ing taun 1974. Sabanjuré ing [[Stanford University]] lan olih gelar MA ing taun 1977 lan Ph.D. ing taun 1982<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://users.clas.ufl.edu/fayeharr/images/vita.pdf|title=CURRICULUM VITAE Faye Venetia Harrison|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613202015/http://users.clas.ufl.edu/fayeharr/images/Vita.pdf|archive-date=2018-06-13|url-status=dead|access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref>. Panlitian lapangan antropologis sing linakonan déning Faye ya iku ana ing [[London]] (taun 1974), [[Jamaika]] (taun 1978, 1984, 1988, 1992, lan 1996), [[Dhènemarken]], [[Amérikah Sarékat]], [[Afrika Kidul]] (taun 2000)<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afro.illinois.edu/people/fvharrsn|title=Faye V Harrison {{!}} Department of African-American Studies {{!}} University of Illinois|last=Urbana-Champaign|first=ATLAS {{!}} University of Illinois at|website=www.afro.illinois.edu|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-16|archive-date=2017-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014081901/http://www.afro.illinois.edu/people/fvharrsn|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Karya-karya akademis sing sinerat déning dhèwèké ya iku ‘The persistent power of “race” in the cultural and political economy of racism’ ana ing jurnal ''Annual Review of Anthropology'' (taun 1995) lan ''Decolonizing Anthropology: Moving further toward an Anthropology of Liberation'', minangka èditor (1997)<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/23tha9ef9780252032615.html|title=UI Press {{!}} Faye V. Harrison {{!}} Outsider Within: Reworking Anthropology in the Global Age|last=Harrison|first=Faye V.|website=www.press.uillinois.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref>. Faye dadi antropolog kang duwé spèsialis ing bab diaspora [[Afrika]] awit taun 1974<ref name=":2" /> lan nliti imigran enom [[Indhi]] ing [[London]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mappingblackanthropology.com/members/dr-faye-venetia-harrison/|title=Mapping Black Anthropology » Dr. Faye Venetia Harrison|website=Mapping Black Anthropology|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608190002/http://mappingblackanthropology.com/members/dr-faye-venetia-harrison/|archive-date=2019-06-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Antropolog]] tuhqx7ymrria4pq4qpsuhhf8h6vmppi Laurent Koscielny 0 149511 1760229 1712429 2026-11-06T08:26:16Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Laurent Koscielny | image = Koscielny France.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Koscielny main ing Tim Nasional Prancis Taun 2018 | fullname = Laurent Koscielny<ref name="Barclays Premier League Squad Numbers 2013/14">{{Cite news |title=Barclays Premier League Squad Numbers 2013/14 |url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/news/news/2013-14/aug/premier-league-squad-numbers-seasons-2013-14.html |publisher=Premier League |date=12 Januari 2018 |access-date=12 Januari 2018 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821225359/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/news/news/2013-14/aug/premier-league-squad-numbers-seasons-2013-14.html |archive-date=12 Januari 2018 |df= }}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|9|10|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Tulle]], Perancis | height = {{height|m=1.86}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/laurent-koscielny|title=Player Profile: Laurent Koscielny|publisher=Premier League|access-date=18 Januari 2018|archive-date=2014-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906054109/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/laurent-koscielny|url-status=dead}}</ref> | position = [[Bèg Tengah]] | currentclub = [[FC Girondins de Bordeaux |Girondins Bordeaux]] | clubnumber = 6 | youthyears1 = 1993–1995 | youthclubs1 = Tulle Corrèze | youthyears2 = 1995–1997 | youthclubs2 = [[ESA Brive|Brive]] | youthyears3 = 1997–1998 | youthclubs3 = Tulle Corrèze | youthyears4 = 1998–2002 | youthclubs4 = [[ESA Brive|Brive]] | youthyears5 = 2002–2003 | youthclubs5 = [[Limoges FC|Limoges]] | years1 = 2004–2007 | clubs1 = [[En Avant Guingamp|Guingamp]] | caps1 = 41 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2007–2009 | clubs2 = [[Tours FC|Tours]] | caps2 = 67 | goals2 = 6 | years3 = 2009–2010 | clubs3 = [[FC Lorient|Lorient]] | caps3 = 35 | goals3 = 3 | years4 = 2010–2019 | clubs4 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] | caps4 = 231 | goals4 = 17 | years5 = 2019–saiki | clubs5 = [[FC Girondins de Bordeaux |Girondins Bordeaux]] | caps5 = | goals5 = | nationalyears1 = 2011–2018 | nationalteam1 = [[France national football team|Perancis]] | nationalcaps1 = 50 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | medaltemplates = {{medalCountry|[[French national football team|Perancis]]}} {{medalSilver|[[UEFA European Championship|European Championship]]|[[UEFA Euro 2016|2016]]}} | club-update = 22:28, 31 December 2017 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 10 November 2017 | youthyears6 = 2003–2004 | youthclubs6 = [[En Avant Guingamp|Guingamp]] }} '''Laurent Koscielny''' ({{IPA-fr|loʁɑ̃ kosjɛlɲi|-|}}; lair 10 Sèptèmber 1985) inggih punika satunggaling juru main [[bal-balan]] saking [[Perancis]] ingkang main minangka posisi [[bék|bèg]] kanggé klub [[Liga Utama Inggris|Liga Primèr Inggris]] klub [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] lan [[Tim Nasional Bal-balan Perancis]].<ref name="internet2"/> Piyambakipun dados wakil kaptèn ing Arsenal.<ref name="internet2">[https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/laurent-koscielny/profil/spieler/76277 Laurent Koscielny](dipunundhuh tanggal 18 Januari 2018)</ref> Wekdal taun 2004 Koscielny gabung kaliyan klub [[En Avant de Guingamp]], tim ingkang sampun ngasilaken juru main bal kados [[Didier Drogba]] lan [[Florent Malouda]].<ref name="internet1"/> Piyambakipun asring main minangka bèg tengen ing 46 pertandhingan ing taun 2004 ngantos 2007 sadèrèngipun nggabung kaliyan klub [[Tours FC]].<ref name="internet1"/> Wekdal mangsa 2008-2009, Koscielny kasil nyithak gangsal gol ing 34 pertandhingan liga kanggé Tours FC. Tanggal 16 Juni 2009, piyambakipun napaksamani kontrak sekawan taun kaliyan FC Lorent kanthi béya transfer 1,7 yuta Éuro.<ref name="internet1"/> Setunggal mangsa ing Lorent, piyambakipun kasil nyithak 3 gol ing 35 pertandhingan.<ref name="internet1"/> Tanggal 7 Maret 2009 Koscielny nyithak gol pertama ing [[Ligue 1]] wekdal pertandhingan mengsah Olympique Marseille ing [[Stadhion Velodrome]] wekdal menit ke 65.<ref name="internet1"/> Pertandhingan kasebat imbang 1-1.<ref name="internet1"/> Tanggal 7 Juli 2010 Koscielny nyawiji kaliyan klub saking Inggris, Arsenal, kanthi béya transfer 8,45 yuta Éuro lan pikantuk nomer pundhak enem ingkang sadèrèngipun dipunagem [[Philippe Senderos]].<ref name="internet1">[https://www.bola.net/profile/laurent_koscielny/index.html Laurent Koscielny] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512010502/https://www.bola.net/profile/laurent_koscielny/index.html |date=2017-05-12 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 18 Januari 2018)</ref> ==Pranala njawi== * [https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/laurent-koscielny/profil/spieler/76277 '''Profil Laurent Koscielny'''] (ing Basa Inggris) ==Rujukan== con06ne9ch7bba03pztvnyiq8rqff9m Giovani Lo Celso 0 149965 1759980 1703722 2026-11-05T19:41:31Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Giovani Lo Celso | image = 2017 FRIENDLY MATCH RUSSIA v ARGENTINA - Giovani Lo Celso.jpg | image_size = 150px | caption = Lo Celso wektu ing Timnas Argentina taun 2017 | fullname = Giovani Lo Celso | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|4|9|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Rosario, Santa Fe|Rosario]], Argèntina | height = {{height|m=1.77}} | position = [[Gelandang|Gelandhang serang]] | currentclub = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | clubnumber = 18 | youthyears1 = 2010–2015 | youthclubs1 = [[Rosario Central]] | years1 = 2015–2016 | clubs1 = [[Rosario Central]] | caps1 = 27 | goals1 = 2 | years2 = 2016– | clubs2 = [[Paris Saint-Germain FC|Paris Saint-Germain]] | caps2 = 19 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2016 | clubs3 = → [[Rosario Central]] (loan) | caps3 = 9 | goals3 = 1 | nationalyears1 = 2016 | nationalteam1 = [[Argentina national under-23 football team|Argèntina Olympic]] | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2017– | nationalteam2 = [[Argentina national football team|Argèntina]] | nationalcaps2 = 2 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | club-update = 20 December 2017 | nationalteam-update = 14 November 2017 }} '''Giovani Lo Celso''' (lair 9 April 1996) ya iku juru main [[bal-balan]] [[Argèntina]] sing main dadi gelandhang ing [[Paris Saint-Germain FC]].<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web|url=http://int.soccerway.com/players/giovani-lo-celso/392369/|title=Argentina - G. Lo Celso - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway|publisher=soccerway.com|accessdate=2018-01-21}}</ref> ==Karir klub== ===Rosario Central=== Lo Celso iku sawijiné nom-noman saka [[Rosario Central]]. Dhèwèké miwiti debut liga ing 19 Juli 2015 nglawan Vélez Sarsfield ing babak 0-0.<ref name="soccerway2">{{cite web|url=http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/19/argentina/primera-division/club-atletico-rosario-central/club-atletico-velez-sarsfield/1978392/|title=Rosario Central vs. Velez Sarsfield |publisher=Soccerway |date=19 July 2015 |accessdate=21 January 2018}}</ref> Ing tanggal 28 Fèbruari 2016, Lo Celso damel gol kapisananipun nalika menang 3-0 nglawan Colón, nglawan Rosario ingkang kaping pisan ing menit kaping 6.<ref name="soccerway3">{{Cite news |title=Colón vs. Rosario Central |url=http://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2016/02/28/argentina/primera-division/colon-de-santa-fe/club-atletico-rosario-central/2182954/ |publisher=Soccerway |date=28 February 2016 |accessdate=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204070351/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2016/02/28/argentina/primera-division/colon-de-santa-fe/club-atletico-rosario-central/2182954/ |archive-date=4 February 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dhèwèké banjur nyithak gol kaloroné manèh nalika kalah 3-2 mungsuh [[Vélez Sarsfield]] tanggal 10 April 2016.<ref name="soccerway4">{{Cite news |title=Rosario Central vs. Vélez Sarsfield |url=http://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2016/04/10/argentina/primera-division/club-atletico-rosario-central/club-atletico-velez-sarsfield/2183027/ |publisher=Soccerway |date=10 April 2016 |accessdate=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204070339/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2016/04/10/argentina/primera-division/club-atletico-rosario-central/club-atletico-velez-sarsfield/2183027/ |archive-date=4 February 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Paris Saint-Germain=== Ing tanggal 26 Juli 2016, Lo Celso gabung karo raksasa Prancis Paris Saint-Germain FC kanthi kontrak limang taun nganti 2021, kanthi biaya udakara margin 8.5 yuta.<ref name="Giovani Lo Celso signs five-year contract with Paris Saint-Germain">{{Cite news |title=Giovani Lo Celso signs five-year contract with Paris Saint-Germain |url=http://www.psg.fr/en/News/003001/Article/76319/Giovani-Lo-Celso-signs-five-year-contract-with-Paris-Saint-Germain |publisher=Paris Saint-Germain F.C. |date=26 July 2016 |accessdate=21 January 2018 |archive-date=28 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728110723/http://www.psg.fr/en/News/003001/Article/76319/Giovani-Lo-Celso-signs-five-year-contract-with-Paris-Saint-Germain |url-status=dead }}</ref> Panjenengané tetep ing Rosario Tengah kanthi etangan nganti 31 Dhésèmber 2016.<ref name="Giovani Lo Celso signs five-year contract with Paris Saint-Germain"/> Dhéwéké miwiti debut kanggo tim Prancis tanggal 5 April 2017 ing pertandhingan final kuarter [[Coupe de France]] nglawan [[US Avranches]]. Panjenenganipun nggantosaken Adrien Rabiot ing menit kaping-63 kanthi kamenangan 4-0.<ref name="soccerway5">{{cite web|url=http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/04/05/france/coupe-de-france/us-avranches/paris-saint-germain-fc/2422159/|title=Avranches vs. PSG |publisher=Soccerway |date=5 April 2017 |accessdate=21 January 2018}}</ref> ==Pranala njaba== * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/giovani-lo-celso/profil/spieler/348795 ''Profil Giovani Lo Celso''] (ing Basa Inggris) ==Cathetan Suku== 0m4es0vj66b19qp99fc2zc5s9fizy0n Doraemon: Nobita and the Birth of Japan 2016 0 150049 1759917 1735801 2026-11-05T15:36:59Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=Doraemon: Nobita and the Birth of Japan 2016|image=|caption=Theatrical Releasing Poster|film_name={{film name | kanji = ドラえもん 新・のび太の日本誕生 | romaji = Doraemon Shin • Nobita no Nippon Tanjō | translation = Doraemon: Nobita and the Birth of Japan 2016 }}|film name={{film name | kanji = ドラえもん 新・のび太の日本誕生 | romaji = Doraemon Shin • Nobita no Nippon Tanjō | translation = Doraemon: Nobita and the Birth of Japan 2016 }}|director=[[Shinnosuke Yakuwa]]|producer={{Plainlist| * Momoko Kawakita * Shingo Namerikawa * Kirika Tsuruza * Hitoshi Ono * Rena Takahashii * Takuji Yamada * Kenji Yoshida }}|writer=[[Shinnosuke Yakuwa]] (Screenplay)<br >[[Higashi Shimzu]]|based_on=''[[Doraemon]]'' by [[Fujiko F. Fujio]]|based on=''[[Doraemon]]'' by [[Fujiko F. Fujio]]|starring={{Plainlist| * [[Wasabi Mizuta]] * [[Megumi Ohara]] * [[Yumi Kakazu]] * [[Subaru Kimura]] * [[Seki Tomokazu]] * [[Kotono Mitsuishi]] * [[Yasunori Matsumoto]] * [[Chiaki (tarento)|Chiaki]] * [[Ryōko Shiraishi]] * [[Hōchū Ōtsuka]] }}|music=[[Kan Sawada]]|cinematography=Takashi Suehiro|editing=Toshihiko Kojima|studio=[[Shin-Ei Animation]]|distributor=[[Toho]]|released={{Film Date|2016|03|05}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectiondx.com/news_item/102115/robot_damashii_doraemon_doraemon_movie_nobita_and_birth_japan|title=Doraemon movie 36 to be release in 5 march 2016|date=October 26, 2015|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319130555/http://www.collectiondx.com/news_item/102115/robot_damashii_doraemon_doraemon_movie_nobita_and_birth_japan|archive-date=19 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>|runtime=104 minutes|country=Japan|language=Japanese|gross={{USD|57.5 million}}<!--This gross is a total of japan box office=$41 million, China box office=$15.6 million, Turkey box office=$120,000 and Hong Kong box office=$788,000--><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldofkj.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=12&t=55322&sd=d|title=WOKJ Weekend Box office|accessdate=May 17, 2016|archive-date=August 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801032333/http://www.worldofkj.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=12&t=55322&sd=d|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} {{Nihongo|'''''Doraemon: Nobita and the Birth of Japan 2016'''''|ドラえもん 新・のび太の日本誕生|Doraemon Shin • Nobita no Nippon Tanjō}} (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">ドラえもん 新・のび太の日本誕生</span><span class="t_nihongo_comma" style="display:none">,</span> ''<span class="t_nihongo_romaji">Doraemon Shin • Nobita no Nippon Tanjō</span>''<span class="t_nihongo_help">[[Bantuan:Basa Jepang|<span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup>?</sup></span>]]</span>) iku [[Animasi|Filem animasi]] [[Jepang]] prodhuksi taun 2016 kang duwé téma [[Fiksi sains|crita fiksi]] élmiah ngulandara kang dianggit lan disutradharani déning Shinnosuke Yakuwa, lan minangka filem kaping telung puluh enem ing séri filem ''[[Doraemon|saka Doraemon]]''. Filem iki nyritakaké Nobita lan kanca-kanca kang ngulandara ing Jepang nalika 70.000 taun kepungkur. Lagu pambukané ya iku ''Yume o Kanaete Doraemon'', kang dinyanyiaké déning MAO. Lan lagu pungkasan, ''Sora e'' kang dinyanyiaké déning Masayoshi Yamazaki. Jargon saka filem iki uniné  ''"Kekancan iku bisa ngliwati papan-wektu", "Bapak, aku weruh lairé Jepang nalika abad 21", "Kita bisa ndeleng lairé Jepang nalika Abad 21"'' lan ''"Sawenèh wadi kang namung ana ing Jepang"''. Filem iki dibabar kanthi bebarengan ing 5 Maret 2016. Vidio gim filem iki dibabar déning Nintendo 3DS ing tanggal 3 Maret, 2016. Vidio gim iki uga ana ing ''iTunes store ''kanthi pertalan [[basa Inggris]] lan ''subtitle'' basa Inggris ing Malaysia lan [[Singapura]], lan ing DVD lan Blu-ray kanthi ''subtitle'' basa Inggris ing [[Hong Kong]]. Filem Iki ngancik pikoléhan akèh dhéwé ka-7 ing filem Jepang nalika taun kasebut. == Sulih Swara == {| class="wikitable" ! Karakter ! Paraga |- | [[Doraemon]] | Wasabi Mizuta |- | Nobita Nobi | Megumi Ohara |- | Shizuka Minamoto | Yumi Kakazu |- | Takeshi "Gian" Goda | Subaru Kimura |- | Suneo Honekawa | Tomokazu Seki |- | Nobita kang Ibu | Kotono Mitsuishi |- | Nobita Bapak | Yasunori Matsumoto |- | Gian kang Ibu | Miyako Takeuchi |- | Dorami | Chiaki |- | Tsuchidama | Hiroshi Yanaka |- | Tajikara | Kouji Ishii |- | Koiyame | Aya Hisakawa |- | Pega | Hiroki Shimowada |- | Gris | Miyako Ito |- | Draco | Yuki Kaida |- | Wektu Patroli Corps | Aya Hisakawa<br> Miki Fukui Keicho Yuka |- | Wektu Machine | Miyako Ito |- | Landowner | Kouji Ishii |} == Lelagon == * Pambuka - ''Yume wo Kanaete Doraemon''. Musik lan cakepan: Katsuhiko Kurosu. Panata musik: Kaoru Okubo. Panyanyi: [[Mao Zedong|Mao]]. ''Paduan Swara'': ''Sunflower Kids'' (Columbia) * Pamungkas - ''To the sky''. Pangripta/panata musik: Yamazaki SusumuYoshi. Panyanyi: Masayoshi Yamazaki ( EMI Cathetan ) == Karakter tambahan == * Kukuru - Ryoko Shiraishi * Gigazombi Yoshitada Ōtsuka * Darkness group Hiroshi Tanahashi & Togi Makabe , Yoshio Kojima * Tsuchidama == Prodhuksi == Ing  tanggal 10 Juli 2015, Fujiko ngandharake menawa wis gawe  filem ''daur ulang'' saka taun 1989 kanthi irah-irahan ''Doraemon: Nobita lan Lair saka Jepang'', minangka filem kang tikete paling laris ing antarané sawatara filem  ''Doraemon''.  15 Juli 2015, ing situs web filem iki di resmekake. 21 oktober, penyulihsuara kang bakal  main ing filem diumumake. == ''Box office'' == Nalika miwiti pamuteré filem ing 374 bioskop déning distributor Toho, ''Doraemon: Nobita and the Birth of Japan 2016'' ngasilaké kauntungan $56 yuta ing 544.816 pamuteran filem, lan manggon ing urutan kapisan ''box office'' Jepang. Nganti rong minggu ngarepé, kanthi kasil $14,4 yuta. Banjur melorot ing nomor loro ing minggu sabanjuré, ing ngisoré ''Assassination Classroom.'' Ing minggu ka-enem melorot ing urutan ka-telu, kanthi asil $1 yuta. Ing ngisor iki panjlentrehané: {| class="wikitable" |+ ! # ! Tataran ! Pungkasan minggu ! Kasil reged ing pungksan minggu ! Gunggungé pikoléhan ing pungkasan minggu |- | 1 | 1 | Maret 5-6 | ¥637,035,600 ($5.60 yuta) | ¥637,035,600 ($5.60 yuta) |- | 2 | 1 | Maret 12-13 | ¥485,035,600 ($4.26 yuta) | ¥1,254,423,800 ($11.0 yuta) |- | 3 | 1 | Maret 19-20 | ¥399,929,400 ($3.59 yuta) | ¥1,828,542,300 ($16.0 yuta) |- | 4 | 3 | Maret 26-27 | ¥270,888,500 ($2,4 yuta) | ¥2,552,345,400 ($22.6 yuta) |- | 5 | 2 | April 2-3 | ¥234,597,000 ($2.1 yuta) | ¥3,382,985,800 ($30.1 yuta) |- | 6 | 3 | April 9-10 | ¥115,511,200 ($1.1 yuta) | ¥3,778,527,800 ($33.8 yuta) |- | 7 | 5 | April 16-17 | ¥77,127,700 ($anyar 709.000) | ¥3,884,690,900 ($34.8 yuta) |- | 8 | 11 | April 23-24 | ¥35,000,000 ($305,000) | ¥3,930,000,000 ($35.2 yuta) |- | 9 | 13 | 30 April-Mei 1 | ¥44,000,000 ($404,000) | ¥3,980,000,000 ($35,5 yuta) |- | 10 | 15 | Uga 7-8 | ¥55,000,000 ($505,000) | ¥4,050,000,000 ($36.1 yuta) |- | 11 | 25 | Uga 14-15 | ¥14,000,000 ($102,000) | ¥4,070,000,000 ($36.3 yuta) |- ! colspan="4" | Gunggung pungkasan |'''¥4.12 milyar ($41 yuta)'''{{Refn|This film's gross of Japan have been changed from $36.7 million to $41 million because the value of yen has been increased as of September 2016.|name="Doraemon"}} |} == Rujukan == <references /> 09j10j15r6epv0z7s9bnwu8su1zhn52 Kartini (filem) 0 150073 1760146 1704367 2026-11-06T04:29:24Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=Kartini|image=teaser kartini.jpg|image_size=230px|image size=230px|caption=Poster film|director=[[Hanung Bramantyo]]|producer=Robert Ronny|screenplay=Hanung Bramantyo<br>Bagus Bramanti|story=Robert Ronny|starring=[[Dian Sastrowardoyo]]<br>[[Deddy Sutomo]]<br>[[Christine Hakim]]<br>[[Acha Septriasa]]<br>[[Ayushita]]<br>[[Reza Rahadian]]<br>[[Adinia Wirasti]]|music=[[Andi Rianto]] <br> Charlie Meliala|cinematography=Faozan Rizal|editing=Wawan I. Wibowo|studio=Legacy Pictures<br>[[Screenplay Films]]|released=19 April 2017|runtime=122 menit|country={{flag|Indonesia}}|language=[[Bahasa Indonesia]]|budget=Rp 12 miliar|gross=Rp 19 miliar}} '''''Kartini''''' iku sawijining filem biografi saka wira ''perjuangan emansipasi wanita ''[[Indonésia|Indonesia]], [[Kartini]]. Filem iki dadi kang kaping telu metu ing layar amba sawisé biografi ''R. A. Kartini (file)'' (1984), lan crita fiksi roman Kartini ''Surat Cinta untuk Kartini'' (2016). Ing filem iki kang dadi paraga Kartini ya iku [[Dian Sastrowardoyo]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bintang.com/celeb/read/2899105/hanung-bramantyo-rilis-trailer-baru-film-kartini|title=Hanung Bramantyo Rilis Trailer Baru Film Kartini|work=bintang.com|access-date=2018-02-05|archive-date=2017-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209203856/http://www.bintang.com/celeb/read/2899105/hanung-bramantyo-rilis-trailer-baru-film-kartini|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ringkesan crita == Filem iki nyritakaké ngenani [[Kartini]] ([[Dian Sastrowardoyo]]) kang uripé kanthi langsung meruhi Ibuné kang asmané Ngasirah (Christine Hakim) kang dadi wong kabuang ing omahé dhewe. Perkara iki kedadéan amarga Ngasirah ora duwé getih ningrat lan dadi sawijining babu. Bapaké asma Raden Sosroningrat ([[Deddy Sutomo]]) kang tresna banget marang Kartini ora duwé daya nglawan adat kang wis turun tumurun. Sadawané lakuné urip, Kartini ngupadi kanggo nyejajarké hak kanggo kabèh wong, embuh ningrat utawa ora, mligi hak pawiyatan kanggo wanita. Kartini ngupadi bareng karo saduluré kang asmané Roekmini ([[Acha Septriasa]]) lan Kardinah ([[Ayushita]]). Kartini ngupadi kanggo ngyasa sawijining sekolah kanggo wong mlarat lan gawé sawijining papan panggonan kerja kanggo kabèh masarakat [[Kabupatèn Jepara|Jepara]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pusatsinopsis.com/2017/06/film-kartini-2017.html|title=Pusat Sinopsis: Film Kartini (2017)|last=pusatsinopsis.com|access-date=2018-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209152257/http://www.pusatsinopsis.com/2017/06/film-kartini-2017.html|archive-date=2017-12-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Paraga == * [[Dian Sastrowardoyo]] minangka [[Kartini|Raden Adjeng Kartini]] ** Neysa Chan minangka [[Kartini|Raden Adjeng Kartini]] cilik * [[Deddy Sutomo]] minangka Raden Mas Adipati Ario Sosroningrat * Christine Hakim minangka M. A. Wanita ** [[Nova Eliza]] minangka M. A. Wanita Enom * [[Djenar Maesa Ayu]] minangka Raden Adjeng Moeriam * [[Acha Septriasa]] minangka Roekmini * [[Ayushita]] minangka Kardinah * [[Reza Rahadian]] minangka Sosrokartono * [[Adinia Wirasti]] minangka Soelastri * Denny Sumargo minangka Slamet * [[Dwi Sasono]] minangka Radèn Adipati Djajadiningrat * [[Rianti Cartwright]] minangka Wilhelmina * Hans de Cracker minangka Ovink-Soer * Carmen van Rijnbach minangka Cecile de Jong * Rebecca Reijman minangka Stella Zeehandelaar == Prodhuksi == Filem iki diprodhuksi dening Warisan Gambar lan Screenplay Film lan disutradharani déning [[Hanung Bramantyo]] lan Robert Ronny minangka prodhuser. ''Naskah'' ditulis déning Hanung lan Apik Bramanti dhedhasar ide crita Robert Ronny. Filem iki diparagani dening [[Dian Sastrowardoyo]], [[Deddy Sutomo]], Christine Hakim, [[Djenar Maesa Ayu]], [[Acha Septriasa]], [[Ayushita]], [[Reza Rahadian]], Denny Sumargo, [[Dwi Sasono]], [[Rianti Cartwright]], [[Nova Eliza]], Neysa Chan, Hans de Cracker, Carmen van Rijnbach lan Rebecca Reijman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt5882416/|title=Kartini|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref> Panggaweané filem iki kuduné saka taun 2016. Rencana prodhuksi filem kuduné ditindakaké ing taun 2015 kanthi abote ati diganti dadi taun 2016 amarga proses nggodhog crita kang isih durung mateng. Panganggit naskah ngrangkep sutradhara'','' Hanung péngin bener-bener nggambaraké tokoh Kartini enom lan kulawarga kanthi cetha supaya duwé kanggo ''riset'' luwih jero kanggo ''naskah ''filem. Robert Ronny, nyebutaké menawa ''riset'' filem iki ditindakaké nganti tekan negara Walanda. Riset iki kudu ditindakaké amarga dhèwèké mbiji sumber-sumber ngenani Kartini ing Indonésia isih diarani kurang.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://id.bookmyshow.com/blog-hiburan/7-fakta-unik-film-kartini/|title=7 Fakta Unik Film Kartini - BookMyShow Indonesia Blog|date=2017-04-17|work=BookMyShow Indonesia Blog|access-date=2018-01-25|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210015643/https://id.bookmyshow.com/blog-hiburan/7-fakta-unik-film-kartini/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://showbiz.liputan6.com/read/2926961/6-fakta-menarik-di-balik-film-kartini|title=6 Fakta Menarik di Balik Film Kartini|last=Liputan6.com|work=liputan6.com|access-date=2018-01-25}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> b3emc9l13ec94tym4f7xk9hi8guyamm Idrissa Gueye 0 150313 1760041 1625637 2026-11-05T22:24:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Idrissa Gueye |image = Krasnodar-Lille (7).jpg |image_size = 250 |caption = Gueye ing taun 2014 |fullname = Idrissa Gana Gueye |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|9|26|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Dakar]], Senegal |height = {{height|m=1.74}} |position = [[Midfielder#Defensive midfielder|Defensive midfielder]]<ref name=NFT/> |currentclub = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |clubnumber = 17 |youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = |years1 = 2007–2008 |clubs1 = [[Diambars FC|Diambars]] |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 2008–2010 |clubs2 = [[Lille OSC|Lille B]] |caps2 = 55 |goals2 = 2 |years3 = 2010–2015 |clubs3 = [[Lille OSC|Lille]] |caps3 = 134 |goals3 = 5 |years4 = 2015–2016 |clubs4 = [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] |caps4 = 35 |goals4 = 0 |years5 = 2016– |clubs5 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |caps5 = 53 |goals5 = 2 |nationalyears1 = 2012 |nationalteam1 = [[Senegal national under-23 football team|Senegal Olympic]] |nationalcaps1 = 1 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |nationalyears2 = 2011– |nationalteam2 = [[Senegal national football team|Senegal]] |nationalcaps2 = 46 |nationalgoals2 = 1 |club-update = 16:41, 30 December 2017 (UTC) |ntupdate = 18:27, 7 October 2017 (UTC) }} '''Idrissa Gana Gueye''' (lair ing 26 Sèptèmber 1989) ya iku pemain [[bal-balan]] profesional saka [[Senegal]] sing main minangka [[Gelandhang (bal-balan)|gelandhang]] pertahanan kanggo klub [[Liga Utama Inggris]] [[Everton F.C.]] lan tim nasional Senegal. ==Karir klub== ===Karir awal=== Lair ing [[Dakar]], Gueye nggarap karier wiwitan ing Senegal ing tim Diambars sadurungé gabung karo klub [[Prancis]] [[Lille]] taun 2008.<ref name = NFT>{{NFT player|pid=45752|access-date=31 Januari 2018}}</ref> Dhèwèké main ing tim kapisan ing mangsa 2010-11, nggawa Lille menang Ligue 1, lan dados ''[[starter reguler]]'' ing liga lan [[Liga Champions UEFA]] nglampahi 4 mangsa.<ref name = "EFC">{{cite web|url=http://www.evertonfc.com/players/i/ig/idrissa-gana-gueye|title=Profile|access-date=31 Januari 2018|publisher=Everton F.C.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606191042/http://www.evertonfc.com/players/i/ig/idrissa-gana-gueye|archive-date=2019-06-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Aston Villa=== Aston Villa mbayar Lille £ 9m kanggo nekakaké Gueye, kang wektu iku Southampton uga kepincut karo jasa dweweke, lan dhèwèké lumebu kanggo klub ing 10 Juli 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10265~4855398,00.html|title=Breaking news: Villa sign Gueye|date=10 Juli 2015|access-date=10 Juli 2015|publisher=Aston Villa F.C.|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317150521/http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10265~4855398%2C00.html|archive-date=31 Januari 2018|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/33362759|title=Idrissa Gueye: Aston Villa sign Lille midfielder for undisclosed fee|date=10 Juli 2015|access-date=31 Januari 2018|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-3168190/Aston-Villa-midfielder-Idrissa-Gueye-admits-club-s-desire-sign-helped-ignore-Southampton-Marseille.html|title=Aston Villa midfielder Idrissa Gueye admits club's desire to sign him helped him ignore from Southampton and Marseille|access-date=31 Januari 2018|work=Daily Mail}}</ref> Tanggal 8 Agustus 2015, Gueye miwiti debut kanthi kamenangan 1-0 mungsuh AFC Bournemouth. Ing 19 Januari 2016, Gueye damel gol kapisan kanthi skor akhir 2-0 saka Wycombe Wanderers ana ing babak kaping telu ing Piala FA. ==Pranala njaba== * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/idrissa-gueye/profil/spieler/126665 '''Profil Idrissa Gueye'''] ==Rujukan== Sakliyane kuwi, dhèwèké nggawe 35 pertandhingan liga kanggo Villa ing mangsa kasebut, ing ngendi dhèwèké diundur saka Liga Premier. mq5u07euzf1hyqvyc1szf6hq2f9dcvr Eliaquim Mangala 0 150343 1759933 1743986 2026-11-05T16:15:09Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Eliaquim Mangala | image = CSKA-MC (3).jpg | caption = Mangala main ing klub [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] taun 2014 | fullname = Eliaquim Hans Mangala<ref name="Barclays Premier League: notification of shirt numbers">{{cite web |title=Barclays Premier League: notification of shirt numbers |url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/Barclays-Premier-League-Squad-Numbers-2014-15.pdf |publisher=Premier League |format=PDF |page=12 |access-date=1 Fèbruari 2018 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085139/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/Barclays-Premier-League-Squad-Numbers-2014-15.pdf |archivedate=1 Febryary 2018 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Conselho de disciplina|trans-title=Disciplinary board|url=http://portal2013.fpf.pt/pt-pt/institucional/documentacaooficial/mapacastigos.aspx?EntryId=15142&Command=Core_Download|work=[[Portuguese Football Federation]]|format=PDF|page=3|language=pt|date=23 Maret 2012|access-date=1 Fèbruari 2018|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160619153738/http://portal2013.fpf.pt/pt-pt/institucional/documentacaooficial/mapacastigos.aspx?EntryId=15142&Command=Core_Download|archive-date=2016-06-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|2|13|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Colombes]], Prancis | height = {{height|m=1.88}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/Teams/First-team/Defenders/Eliaquim-Mangala |title=MCFC Player Profile – Eliaquim Mangala |date=2015 |publisher=Manchester City |access-date=16 Agustus 2015 |archive-date=2016-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618103845/http://www.mcfc.co.uk/Teams/First-team/Defenders/Eliaquim-Mangala |url-status=dead }}</ref> | currentclub = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] | position = [[Defender (association football)|Centre-back]] | clubnumber = 15 | youthyears1 = 1996–2002 | youthclubs1 = AC Lustin | youthyears2 = 2002–2004 | youthclubs2 = CS Wépionnais | youthyears3 = 2004–2007 | youthclubs3 = [[UR Namur]] | youthyears4 = 2007–2008 | youthclubs4 = [[Standard Liège]] | years1 = 2008–2011 | clubs1 = [[Standard Liège]] | caps1 = 77 | goals1 = 2 | years2 = 2011–2014 | clubs2 = [[F.C. Porto|Porto]] | caps2 = 51 | goals2 = 6 | years3 = 2014– | clubs3 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] | caps3 = 57 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2016–2017 | clubs4 = → [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] (loan) | caps4 = 30 | goals4 = 2 | nationalyears1 = 2009–2012 | nationalteam1 = [[France national under-21 football team|Prancis U21]] | nationalcaps1= 23 | nationalgoals1 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2013– | nationalteam2 = [[France national football team|Prancis]] | nationalcaps2 = 8 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | medaltemplates = {{medalCountry|[[French national football team|Prancis]]}} {{medalSilver|[[UEFA European Championship|European Championship]]|[[UEFA Euro 2016|2016]]}} | pcupdate = 28 January 2018 | ntupdate = 28 January 2018 }} '''Eliaquim Hans Mangala''' (lair 13 Fèbruari 1991) ya iku pemain [[bal-balan]] profésional [[Prancis]] sing main kanggo klub [[Liga Utama Inggris]] [[Manchester City F.C.]] lan tim nasional [[Prancis]] minangka bèg tengah.<ref name="chafid123">[https://www.transfermarkt.com/eliaquim-mangala/profil/spieler/90681 Eliaquim Mangala](dipunundhuh tanggal 1 Februari 2018)</ref> Lair ing Prancis, dhèwèké pindhah menyang [[Bèlgi]] nalika ésih bocah lan miwiti karir ing [[Standard Liège]], gabung ing klub [[FC Porto]] ing taun 2011, ing pundi piyambakipun menangaken gelar Liga Perdana Prime. Dhèwèké ditransfer menyang [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ing taun 2014 kanthi rega £ 42 juta.<ref name="chafid1234">[https://www.bold.dk/fodbold/biografi/eliaquim-mangala/ Eliaquim Mangala] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012071337/http://www.bold.dk/fodbold/biografi/eliaquim-mangala/ |date=2017-10-12 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 1 Februari 2018)</ref> Mangala debut kaping pisan ing tim nasional Prancis tanggal 6 Juni 2013 wektu nglawan [[Uruguay]]. Dhèwèké kalebu pemain skuad timnas ing [[Piala Donya FIFA 2014]] lan [[UEFA Euro 2016]], lan dhèwèké mbantu timnas Prancis lolos. ==Karir klub== ===Karir wiwitan=== Mangala lair ing pinggiran [[Paris]], [[Kolombia]], wong tuwané saka [[Kongo]], nanging pindhah menyang Bèlgi ing umur lima taun manggon ing kutha [[Namur]], Prancis. Ing umur kasebut, dhèwèké gabung karo klub lokal [[Athletic Club Lustin]] minangka pamudha lan naté nèm taun ing klub kasebut sadurungé pindhah menyang [[CS Wépionnais]] ing Wépion. Sawise rong taun ing Wépion, Mangala gabung karo klub paling gedhé ing kutha kasebut, UR Namur. Nalika ing Namur, Mangala dianggo minangka striker lan tampil positif ing tingkat nom-noman banjur narik minat saka Standard Liège. Ing taun 2007, Mangala lan Standard ngrampungaké pasarujukan babagan kontrak telung taun.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.footgoal.net/suite.php?selection=32108 | publisher = Footgoal | title = Mangala a signé un contrat de cinq ans au Standard | language = French | date = 22 Oktober 2008 | access-date = 1 Fèbruari 2018 | archive-date = 2012-10-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121003091620/http://www.footgoal.net/suite.php?selection=32108 | url-status = dead }}</ref> ==Pranala njaba== * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/eliaquim-mangala/profil/spieler/90681 '''Profil Eliaquim Mangala'''] ==Rujukan== rf89uxrpri91c7on5enm1ag0w4659d3 Megawati Prabowo 0 152696 1760273 1755698 2026-11-06T11:05:51Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760273 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Megawati Prabowo''' (<span>lair ing [[Kabupatèn Kendhal|Kendal]], [[Indonésia|Indonesia]], [[25 Sèptèmber]] [[1995]]; umur 22 taun) modhèl , lan [[penyanyi]] [[Indonésia|Indonesia]]. dhèwèké wis tau manggung ''freelance'' ing Orkes Melayu Ken Arok, malah tau manggung ing sawatara panggonan ing [[Hong Kong]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jadiberita.com/39991/menguak-identitas-miss-celeb-bernama-megawati-prabowo.html|title=Menguak Identitas Miss Celeb Bernama Megawati Prabowo — jadiBerita.com|first=|last=Nurul|date=4 September 2014|publisher=|access-date=13 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024100742/https://jadiberita.com/39991/menguak-identitas-miss-celeb-bernama-megawati-prabowo.html|archive-date=24 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nalika miwiti karièr ing Kutha Semarang, Megawati Prabowo wis tau menangaké sawatara bebungah kaya ta Denok Semarang 2012, Finalis saka Puteri Indonesia Jawa tengah 2012, Finalis saka ''Wajah Pengantin 2013, lan Finalis Lady Mio.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pontianak.tribunnews.com/2015/04/26/megawati-prabowo-nama-model-cantik-yang-jadi-pembicaraan-media-sosial|title=Megawati Prabowo, Nama Model Cantik yang Jadi Pembicaraan Media Sosial|publisher=}}</ref> Saka 114 peserta ing kutha Yogyakarta, Megawati Prabowo kasil nggèsèr musuhé nganti bisa lumebu 10 gedhé. Bebarengan karo 9 finalis liyané, Megawati Prabowo wis lulus saka juri ing babagan ''akting, modeling'' lan ''presenting'', lan bakal budhal menyang [[Jakarta]] kanggo saingan ing [[SCTV]]. Kajaba iku, Megawati, Prabowo, 9 finalis saka Yogyakarta liyané Indah Putri Maisel, Sidney Simon Putry, Klama Gustine FK, De Ajenk Purbandini, Slayflin Elisabeth, Dewi Mutiara, Amelia Puspita, Cherry Josie lan Devi Listya Permatasari.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://poskotanews.com/2014/09/04/megawati-prabowo-curi-perhatian-di-miss-celebrity-sctv/|title=Megawati Prabowo Curi Perhatian di Miss Celebrity SCTV|date=4 September 2014|publisher=}}</ref> Megawati uga menangaké gelar Miss Celebrity Favorit 2014 ing ''grand final Miss Celebrity ''ing balai sarbini Jakarta. Mega dadi mahasiswa hukum ing Universitas Pancasila Jakarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2014/09/02/2319023/Megawati.Prabowo.Calon.Ratu.Kecantikan.yang.Jadi.Obrolan.Ramai|title=Megawati Prabowo, Calon Ratu Kecantikan yang Jadi Obrolan Ramai|first=Kompas Cyber|last=Media|publisher=}}</ref> Kajaba iku, jeneng unik, Megawati, Prabowo, saiki dadi omongan ramé ing media sosial, mligi ing [[Twitter]] lan situs [[Kaskus]] amarga iku ngandhut unsur jeneng loro politikus Indonesia, [[Megawati Soekarnoputri]] lan Prabowo Subianto.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tabloidbintang.com/articles/berita/polah/13670-ada-misteri-di-balik-nama-si-cantik-megawati-prabowo|title=Ada Misteri di Balik Nama si Cantik Megawati Prabowo|publisher=|access-date=2018-02-13|archive-date=2017-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113161812/http://www.tabloidbintang.com/articles/berita/polah/13670-ada-misteri-di-balik-nama-si-cantik-megawati-prabowo|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Lair 1995]] pez5bsfexdt7bdkj9e9s1oocarq318h Lee Kwang-soo 0 152872 1760232 1751294 2026-11-06T08:34:09Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 7 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nama orang Korea|Lee}} {{Infobox person | image = 211126 Lee Kwang-soo.jpg | name = Lee Kwang Soo<br>이광수 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|7|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Korea Kidul]] | other_names = | occupation = [[Aktor]], entertainer, [[Model (pakaryan)|model]] | agent = [[King Kong Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/85148/lee-kwang-soo-re-signs-with-king-kong-entertainment|title=Lee Kwang Soo Re-Signs with King Kong Entertainment|date=14 Januari 2015|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2017-08-30}}</ref> | religion = [[Kristen]] | education = Dong-ah Institute of Media and Arts <small>(Broadcasting)</small> | website = | module = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|color=transparent | hangul = {{linktext|이|광|수}} | hanja = | rr = I Gwang-su | mr = I Kwang-su }}}} '''Lee Kwang-soo''' ({{ko-hhrm|이광수}}, {{lahirmati||14|7|1985}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&sm=tab_ppn&query=%EC%9D%B4%EA%B4%91%EC%88%98&os=158885&ie=utf8&key=PeopleService|title=광수 프로필|publisher=Naver|language=ko}}</ref>) inggih menika satunggaling aktor, juru lipur, lan modhèl asal saking [[Korea Kidul]]. Piyambakipun menika kondhang mliginipun peranipun minangka anggota wonten ing satunggaling adicara varietas Korea Kidul produksi saking [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]], ''[[Running Man]]''wiwit saking tahun 2010 sareng kaliyan [[Yoo Jae-suk]], [[Ji Suk-jin]], [[Haha (entertainer)|Haha]], [[Kim Jong-kook]] lan [[Song Ji-hyo]]. == Karièr == Lee Kwang-soo menika miwiti kariripun ing taun 2007 minangka model. Piyambakipun menika miwiti debut minangka artis ing taun 2008 kanthi gadhah peran wonten ing satunggaling sitkom ''[[Here He Comes]]'', ingkang dipunlajengaken kaliyan drama ''[[High Kick Through The Roof]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=LEE Kwang-soo|url=http://koreanfilm.or.kr/jsp/films/index/peopleView.jsp?peopleCd=20111692|work=Korean Film Biz Zone|access-date=30 Mèi 2014|archive-date=2015-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708083740/http://koreanfilm.or.kr/jsp/films/index/peopleView.jsp?peopleCd=20111692|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lee Kwang-soo menika pikantuk kathah popularitas sasampunipun gabung kaliyan adicara varietas kondhang [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] ''[[Good Sunday]]'' inggih menika ''[[Running Man]]'', lajeng pikantuk jejuluk "''Prince of Asia''" amargi kathahipun fans ing luar negeri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://business.asiaone.com/news/top-5-emerging-south-korean-millionaire-celebrities|title=Top 5 emerging South Korean millionaire celebrities|date=25 Januari 2016|work=Asia One|accessdate=30 Agustus 2017|archive-date=2016-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221145430/http://business.asiaone.com/news/top-5-emerging-south-korean-millionaire-celebrities|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20161225000081&ACE_SEARCH=1|title=Actor Lee Kwang-soo faces new challenge in career|date=25 Dhésèmber 2016|work=The Korea Herald|accessdate=30 Agustus 2017}}</ref> Ing tahun 2010 lan 2011, Lee Kwang-soo kanthi urutan menang awit penghargaan [[SBS Entertainment Awards]] minangka "''New Star Award''" lan "''Best Newcomer in Variety''".<ref name=sbs>{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Nancy|title=Yoo Jae Suk Wins Big, Winners from ''2011 SBS Entertainment Awards''|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/2489/yoo-jae-suk-wins-big-winners-from-2011-sbs-entertainment-awards|work=enewsWorld|access-date=30 Mèi 2014|date=31 Dhésèmber 2011|archive-date=2014-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011063603/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/2489/yoo-jae-suk-wins-big-winners-from-2011-sbs-entertainment-awards|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing tahun 2012, Lee Kwang-soo menika dados bintang filem kumedhi romantis Korea Kidul ''[[Wonderful Radio]]'' lan ''[[All About My Wife]]'', sarta [[thriller (genre)|thriller]] ''[[The Scent]]''. lajeng ing taun ingkang sami, piyambakipun menika kepanggih setunggal layar kaliyan mantan anggota ''Running Man'' lan kancanipun inggih menika [[Song Joong-ki]] wonten ing TV melodrama ''[[The Innocent Man (serial TV)|The Innocent Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kang|first=Hye-in|title=Lee Gwang Soo makes a disclosure about Song Joong Ki|url=http://en.starnnews.com/news/index.html?no=122002|work=StarN News|date=6 Sèptèmber 2012|access-date=30 Mèi 2014|archive-date=2014-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210210724/http://en.starnnews.com/news/index.html?no=122002|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Choi|first=Eun-hwa|title=Interview: Lee Kwang Soo Says He's Happy He′s Asked More about Song Joong Ki|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/23182/lee-kwang-soo-is-happy-for-song-joong-kis-success|work=enewsWorld|access-date=30 Mèi 2014|date=9 Dhésèmber 2012}}</ref> Ing tahun 2013, saksampunipun dados peran tambahan wonten ''A Wonderful Moment'', Lee Kwang-soo menika ngisi swara karakter Marco wonten ing filem animasi ''Maritime Police Marco'', adu peran kaliyan anggota ''Running Man'' [[Song Ji-hyo]] ingkang ngisi swara Lulu.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ho|first=Stewart|title=Lee Kwang Soo Records for His First Animation Movie Dubbing|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/21820/lee-kwang-soo-records-for-animation-film|work=enewsWorld|access-date=30 Mèi 2014|date=22 Novèmber 2012|archive-date=2014-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210205711/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/21820/lee-kwang-soo-records-for-animation-film|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Park|first=Hani|title=Song Ji Hyo Says Lee Kwang Soo Is A Loyal Friend|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/28872/lee-kwang-soos-traitor-image-is-only-a-character-in-running-man|work=enewsWorld|access-date=30 Mèi 2014|date=12 Fèbruari 2013|archive-date=2014-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210204919/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/28872/lee-kwang-soos-traitor-image-is-only-a-character-in-running-man|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lee Kwang-soo kanthi tinarbuka ngandharaken bilih piyambakipun menika kepèngin pikantuk peran antagonis wonten TV utawi filem, lan gegayuhan menika saged kalaksanan nalika piyambakipun menika pikantuk paraga dados Pangeran Imhae (sedherek jaler watak ala dhumateng [[Gwanghaegun saking Joseon|Raja Gwanghae]]) ing drama tahun 2013 ''[[Goddess of Fire]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hong|first=Grace Danbi|title=Lee Kwang Soo Cast in ''Goddess of Fire Jeongi'' as a Villain|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/35566/lee-kwang-soo-cast-in-a-new-drama|work=enewsWorld|access-date=30 Mèi 2014|date=7 Mèi 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Son|first=Bo-kyung|title=Lee Kwang Soo Says He'll be More Vicious Than ''Running Man'' for ''Goddess of Fire Jeongi''|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/39448/lee-kwang-soo-compares-his-character-in-goddess-of-fire-jeongi-to-the-one-in-running-man|work=enewsWorld|access-date=30 Mèi 2014|date=27 Juni 2013|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220243/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/39448/lee-kwang-soo-compares-his-character-in-goddess-of-fire-jeongi-to-the-one-in-running-man|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Berkas:여름철 TV CF 광수, 유빈이와 함께 에너지 절약 런닝맨! 1s.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Lee Kwang-soo wonten ing salah satunggaling iklan, 2013]] Ing tanggal 17 Agustus 2013, Lee Kwang-soo ngawontenaken pepanggihan kaliyan fans ingkang sepisan wonten ing kariripun ing [[Singapura]]. Ingkang rawuh menika wonten 2,000 penggemar, pérangan kasebat dipunwastani sukses.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jeon|first=Su-mi|title=Lee Kwang Soo Meets Fans in Singapore Through a Fanmeeting|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/44067/lee-kwang-soo-holds-a-fanmeeting-event-in-singapore|work=enewsWorld|access-date=30 Mèi 2014|date=22 Agustus 2013}}</ref> Piyambakipun ugi ngawontenaken pepanggihan kaliyan fansipun malih ing [[Malaysia]] nalika tanggal 4 Januari 2014, ingkang rawuh menika kirang langkung wonten 3,000 fans.<ref>{{cite web|first=Sun-min|last=Lee|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2983143|title=Actor meets Malaysian fans|access-date=30 Mèi 2014|date=8 Januari 2014|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108140541/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2983143|archive-date=2014-01-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nalika tahun 2014, Lee Kwang-soo menika dados paraga utama ing layar lebar wonten ing filem ''[[Confession (film 2014)|Confession]]''. filem [[neo-noir]] ingkang nyariosaken tiga sahabat ingkang dipunparagakaken déning [[Ji Sung]], [[Ju Ji-hoon]] lan Lee Kwang-soo ingkang kekancanipun rusak amargi wonten kasus pembunuhan.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Jin|first1=Eun-soo|title=Masculinity, brutality themes of ''Confession''|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2990871|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|accessdate=20 Juni 2014|date=20 Juni 2014|archive-date=2014-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714234428/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2990871|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Cory|title=Lee Kwang-soo to Display Deep Bromance with Ji Sung, Ju Ji-hoon|url=http://www.tenasia.com/lee-kwang-soo-to-display-deep-bromance-with-ji-sung-ju-ji-hoon/|work=TenAsia|access-date=30 Mèi 2014|date=11 Dhésèmber 2013|archive-date=2014-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330082249/http://www.tenasia.com/lee-kwang-soo-to-display-deep-bromance-with-ji-sung-ju-ji-hoon/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Hong|first=Grace Danbi|title=Lee Kwang Soo Wipes Off the Smile on His Face for ''Good Friends''|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/67022/leekwangsoo-releases-movie-still|work=enewsWorld|access-date=30 Mèi 2014|date=28 Mèi 2014|archive-date=2014-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529103901/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/67022/leekwangsoo-releases-movie-still|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ha|first1=Soo-jung|title=Interview: Lee Kwang Soo Will Not Leave ''Running Man'' Just to Focus on Other Projects|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/69433/interview-leekwangsoo|website=enewsWorld|accessdate=29 Juni 2014|date=28 Juni 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ahn|first1=Sung-mi|title=Herald Interview: Funnyman gets serious|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140630000935|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|accessdate=3 Juli 2014|date=30 Juni 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ha|first1=Soo-jung|title=Interview: Lee Kwang Soo Spills His Thoughts on Dating and Marriage|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/69789/interview-leekwangsoo-shares-on-dating-and-marriage|website=enewsWorld|accessdate=8 Juli 2014|date=5 Juli 2014|archive-date=2016-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423000402/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/69789/interview-leekwangsoo-shares-on-dating-and-marriage|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lee Kwang-soo lajeng medal malih wonten ing tv kanthi kumedhi romantis ''[[It's Okay, That's Love]]'', gadhah peran minangka pasien ingkang gerah [[sindrom Tourette]], kelainan neurologis ingkang dipuntandhani kanthi obahan stereotip, obahan lan vokal ingkang boten sengaja, ingkang dipunsebat ''tics''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jo In Sung, Gong Hyo Jin, and Lee Kwang Soo Confirmed for Noh Hee Kyung's New Summer Drama|url=http://www.soompi.com/2014/03/17/jo-in-sung-gong-hyo-jin-and-lee-kwang-soo-confirmed-for-noh-hee-kyungs-new-summer-drama/|work=[[Soompi]]|access-date=30 Mèi 2014|date=17 Maret 2014|archive-date=2017-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830144925/https://www.soompi.com/2014/03/17/jo-in-sung-gong-hyo-jin-and-lee-kwang-soo-confirmed-for-noh-hee-kyungs-new-summer-drama/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lee Kwang-soo lan [[Hwang Chansung]] (saking[[boyband]] [[2PM]]) lajeng dados paraga wonten ing filem ''A Dynamite Family'', ingkang nyariosaken bab padudon gangsal sedherek ingkang mapan wonten ing desa Deoksu.<ref>{{cite web|last=MacDonald|first=Joan|title=Lee Kwang Soo and 2PM's Chansung Sign On As Siblings|url=http://www.kdramastars.com/articles/11982/20131111/lee-kwang-soo-and-2pms-chansung-sign-on-as-siblings.htm|work=KDramaStars|access-date=30 Mèi 2014|date=11 Novèmber 2013}}</ref> [[Berkas:Running Man Fan Meeting Asia Tour 2014 Season 2.jpg|jmpl|Lee Kwang-soo ing Malaysia ing adicara ''[[Running Man]] Fan Meeting Asian Tour'' 2014]] Ing tahun 2015, Lee Kwang-soo menika pikantuk peran protagonis wonten ing ''[[Collective Invention]]'', ingkang kondisinipun dipunsebabaken déning efek samping saking obat ingkang nembe dipuntepangaken.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kim|first1=June|title=LEE Kwang-soo to Become a MUTANT|url=http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/jsp/news/news.jsp?mode=VIEW&seq=3231|website=Korean Film Biz Zone|access-date=23 Novèmber 2014|date=21 Novèmber 2014}}</ref> ''Collective Invention'' menika dipunputer ing bagian Vanguard saking [[Festival Film Internasional Toronto|Festival Filem Internasional Toronto]] 2015, minangka tandha karpet abang sepisan Lee Kwang-soo ing satunggaling festival filem internasional. Piyambakipun ugi dados peran wonten ing drama kalih episode ''Puck!'', ing mriku piyambakipun menika gadhah peran dados rentenir ingkang gabung kaliyan klub [[hoki es]] kampus. Satunggaling peran kasebat dipunsiaraken ing 1 Januari 2016.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sung|first1=So-young|title=Lee Kwang-soo to star in one-act drama|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=3010399|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|accessdate=22 Oktober 2015|date=17 Oktober 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025003707/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=3010399|archive-date=2015-10-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lee Kwang-soo ugi medal wonten ing cameo épisode sepisan serial hit KBS, ''[[Descendants of the Sun]]'' ingkang dipunparagakaken déning kancanipun, Song Joong-ki. Ing tahun 2016, Lee Kwang-soo gadhah peran wonten ing [[TVN (Korea Selatan)|tvN]] ''[[Entourage (serial TV 2016)|Entourage]]'', satunggaling ''remake'' Korea Kidul saking seri Amerikanipun. Lee Kwang-soo menika lajeng dados paraga wonten ing sitkom KBS ''[[The Sound of Your Heart (serial TV)|The Sound of Your Heart]]'', dhedhasar [[webtoon]] ''[[The Sound of Your Heart]]''. Drama web kasebat sukses wonten ing Korea Kidul lan Tiongkok, pikantuk 100 yuta pamirsa ing Sohu TV lan mapan ing peringkat 1 ing antawisipun drama Korea ing situs kasebat.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201612161354449885979_2|title='Sound of Your Heart' hits 100 mln views in China|work=Kpop Herald|access-date=17 Dhésèmber 2016}}</ref> Ing tahun 2017, Lee Kwang-soo dipunkonfirmasi kanggé dados paraga énggal wonten ing filem aksi kumedhi ''[[The Accidental Detective 2]]'', satunggaling sekuel saking hit tahun 2015 ''[[The Accidental Detective]]''. filem menika dipunjadwalaken badhé dipunbabar ing taun 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.soompi.com/2017/04/26/lee-kwang-soo-confirmed-role-new-action-comedy-movie/|title=Lee Kwang Soo Confirmed For Role In New Action Comedy Movie|date=26 April 2017|work=Soompi|accessdate=30 Agustus 2017|archive-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830055610/https://www.soompi.com/2017/04/26/lee-kwang-soo-confirmed-role-new-action-comedy-movie/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lee Kwang-soo ugi kepanggih malih kaliyan panyerat ''It's Okay, That's Love'' [[Noh Hee-kyung]] wonten ing drama énggalipun ''Live''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20170821000764&ACE_SEARCH=1|title=Jung Yu-mi, Lee Kwang-soo cast for tvN's new series 'Live'|date=21 Agustus 2017|work=The Korea Herald|accessdate=30 Agustus 2017}}</ref> == filemografi == === filem === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tahun ! Judul ! Peran ! Catatan |- | align="center"|2011 || ''[[Battlefield Heroes (film)|Battlefield Heroes]]'' || Moon Di | |- | rowspan=3|<center>2012 || ''[[Wonderful Radio]]'' || Cha Dae-geun | |- | ''[[The Scent]]''|| Gi-poong | |- | ''[[All About My Wife]]'' || PD Choi | |- | rowspan=3|<center>2013 || ''A Wonderful Moment'' || Kim Jung Il |<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/23548/my-little-hero-posters-unveiled|title=Kim Rae Won, Lee Kwang Soo’s ‘My Little Hero’ Posters Unveiled|date=10 Dhésèmber 2012|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2017-08-30|archive-date=2017-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830054236/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/23548/my-little-hero-posters-unveiled|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''Maritime Police Marco'' || Marco |<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/21820/lee-kwang-soo-records-for-animation-film|title=Lee Kwang Soo Records for His First Animation Movie Dubbing|last=Ho|first=Stewart|date=22 Novèmber 2012|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2014-05-30|archive-date=2014-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210205711/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/21820/lee-kwang-soo-records-for-animation-film|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/28872/lee-kwang-soos-traitor-image-is-only-a-character-in-running-man|title=Song Ji Hyo Says Lee Kwang Soo Is A Loyal Friend|last=Park|first=Hani|date=12 Fèbruari 2013|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2014-05-30|archive-date=2014-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210204919/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/28872/lee-kwang-soos-traitor-image-is-only-a-character-in-running-man|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | ''[[Walking with Dinosaurs (film)|Walking with Dinosaurs 3D]]'' || Patchi |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2981195|title=Dinosaurs walk Earth again in 3-D|last=Sunwoo|first=Carla|date=29 Novèmber 2013|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|accessdate=2014-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117180656/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2981195|archive-date=2014-11-17|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tenasia.com/interview-lee-kwang-soo-will-you-join-me-to-the-world-dinosaurs-live-in/|title=INTERVIEW: Lee Kwang-soo, "Will You Join Me to the World Dinosaurs live in?"|last=Lee|first=Eun-ah|date=4 Dhésèmber 2013|work=TenAsia|accessdate=2014-05-30|archive-date=2014-05-30|archive-url=https://archive.is/20140530143807/http://www.tenasia.com/interview-lee-kwang-soo-will-you-join-me-to-the-world-dinosaurs-live-in/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan=2|<center>2014 || ''[[Confession (film 2014)|Confession]]'' || Min Soo |<ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=http://www.tenasia.com/lee-kwang-soo-to-display-deep-bromance-with-ji-sung-ju-ji-hoon/|title=Lee Kwang-soo to Display Deep Bromance with Ji Sung, Ju Ji-hoon|last=Lee|first=Cory|date=11 Dhésèmber 2013|work=TenAsia|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330082249/http://www.tenasia.com/lee-kwang-soo-to-display-deep-bromance-with-ji-sung-ju-ji-hoon/|archive-date=30 Maret 2014|url-status=dead|accessdate=2014-05-30|df=}}</ref> |- | ''A Dynamite Family'' || Constable Park |<ref name=":6">{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/80467/photo2pms-chansung-yoon-sang-hyun-lee-kwang-soo-and-more-gear-up-for-new-comedy-film|title=[Photo] 2PM′s Chansung, Yoon Sang Hyun, Lee Kwang Soo and More Gear Up for New Comedy Film|date=11 Novèmber 2014|work=enewsWorld|access-date=2018-02-20|archive-date=2017-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830060308/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/80467/photo2pms-chansung-yoon-sang-hyun-lee-kwang-soo-and-more-gear-up-for-new-comedy-film|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="center"|2015 || ''[[Collective Invention]]'' || Park Goo |<ref name=":7">{{cite web|url=http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/jsp/news/news.jsp?mode=VIEW&seq=3231|title=LEE Kwang-soo to Become a MUTANT|last1=Kim|first1=June|date=21 Novèmber 2014|website=Korean Film Biz Zone|accessdate=2014-11-23}}</ref> |- |<center> 2018 || ''The Accidental Detective 2'' ||Yeo Chi |<ref name=":11">{{cite web|url=http://koreanfilm.or.kr/jsp/news/news.jsp?pageIndex=1&blbdComCd=601006&seq=4479&mode=VIEW&returnUrl=&searchKeyword=|title=Production Ends on THE ACCIDENTAL DETECTIVE 2|date=26 Sèptèmber 2017|work=Korean Film Biz Zone}}</ref> |} === TV Drama === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Taun ! Irah-Irahan ! Jaringan ! Lakon !Cathetan !Ref |- | rowspan="2" align="center" |2008 || ''The Scale of Providence'' || align="center" |[[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] || Oh Kwang Chul | | |- | ''Here He Comes'' || rowspan="3" align="center" |[[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] || Oh Man Soo | | |- | align="center"|2009 || ''[[High Kick Through The Roof]]'' || Lee Kwang Soo | | |- | align="center"|2010 || ''[[Dong Yi (serial TV)|Dong Yi]]'' || Park Young Dal | |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2010050716003369984|title=Han Hyo-joo says she "hold fast" to her role in ''Dong Yi''|last=Lee|first=Ga-on|date=7 Mèi 2010|work=TenAsia|accessdate=2013-02-03}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" align="center" |2011 || ''[[City Hunter (serial TV)|City Hunter]]'' || align="center" |[[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] || Go Ki Joon | | |- | ''[[Bachelor's Vegetable Store]]'' || align="center" |[[Channel A (saluran TV)|Channel A]]|| Nam Yoo Bong | |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/4169/lee-kwang-soo-on-bachelors-vegetable-store|title=Lee Kwang Soo on the End of ''Bachelor's Vegetable Store''|last=Choi|first=Eun-hwa|date=9 Maret 2012|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2014-05-30}}</ref> |- | align="center"|2012 || ''[[The Innocent Man (serial TV)|The Innocent Man]]'' || align="center" |[[KBS2]] || Park Jae Gil | |<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/7944/lee-kwang-soo-to-act-alongside-song-joong-ki-in-nice-guy|title=Lee Kwang Soo to Act Alongside Song Joong Ki in ‘Nice Guy’|date=14 Juni 2012|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2017-08-30|archive-date=2017-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830054408/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/7944/lee-kwang-soo-to-act-alongside-song-joong-ki-in-nice-guy|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan=3|<center>2013 || ''[[Dating Agency: Cyrano]]'' || align="center" |[[TVN (Korea Selatan)|tvN]]|| Choi Dal In |Cameo (Episode 6-8) |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/37927/lee-kwang-soo-and-goo-eun-ae-to-appear-in-dating-agency-cyrano|title=Lee Kwang Soo and Goo Eun Ae to Cameo in ''Dating Agency; Cyrano''|last=Son|first=Bo-kyung|date=5 Juni 2013|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2014-05-30|archive-date=2014-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714175430/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/37927/lee-kwang-soo-and-goo-eun-ae-to-appear-in-dating-agency-cyrano|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | ''[[Goddess of Fire]]'' || align="center" |[[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] || Prince Im Hae | |<ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/35566/lee-kwang-soo-cast-in-a-new-drama|title=Lee Kwang Soo Cast in ''Goddess of Fire Jeongi'' as a Villain|last=Hong|first=Grace Danbi|date=7 Mèi 2013|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2014-05-30}}</ref> |- | ''[[Potato Star 2013QR3]]'' || align="center" |[[TVN (Korea Selatan)|tvN]] || Cinta pertama Bo Young |Cameo (Episode 18) |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/49747/lee-kwang-soo-comes-out-on-potato-star|title=Lee Kwang Soo Appear in ''Potato Star'' as Cameo|last=Hong|first=Grace Danbi|date=4 Novèmber 2013|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2014-05-30|archive-date=2014-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210205708/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/49747/lee-kwang-soo-comes-out-on-potato-star|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan=2|<center>2014 || ''Secret Love'' || align="center" |Dramacube || Lee Tae Yang |(Ep.7-8: "A Seven Day Summer") | |- | ''[[It's Okay, That's Love|It's Ok, That's Love]]'' || rowspan="3" align="center" |[[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] || Park Soo Kwang | | |- | rowspan=1|<center>2015 || ''[[The Girl Who Sees Smells]]'' || Diri sendiri |Cameo (Episode 1) | |- | rowspan=4|<center>2016 || ''Puck!'' || Jo Joon Man | |<ref name=":8">{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=3010399|title=Lee Kwang-soo to star in one-act drama|last1=Sung|first1=So-young|date=17 Oktober 2015|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|accessdate=2015-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025003707/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=3010399|archive-date=2015-10-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | ''[[Descendants of the Sun]]'' || align="center" |[[KBS2]] || Pekerja toko senapan mainan |Cameo (Episode 1) |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201507161704189800195_2&ACE_SEARCH=1|title=Song Joong-ki recruits Lee Kwang-soo for new drama|date=16 Juli 2015|work=Kpop Herald|accessdate=2017-08-30}}</ref> |- | ''[[Dear My Friends]]'' || rowspan="2" align="center" |[[TVN (Korea Selatan)|tvN]] || Yoo Min Ho |Cameo |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3010218|title=Zo and Lee reunite with Noh|date=12 Oktober 2015|work=Korea JoongAng Daily|accessdate=2017-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731024437/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3010218|archive-date=2017-07-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | ''[[Entourage (serial TV 2016)|Entourage]]'' || Cha Joon | |<ref name=":9">{{cite web|url=http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2016/02/398_197124.html|title='Entourage Korea' names its cast|date=12 Fèbruari 2016|work=The Korea Times|accessdate=2017-08-30}}</ref> |- | rowspan=2|<center>2016-2017 || ''[[The Sound of Your Heart (TV series)|The Sound of Your Heart]]'' || rowspan="3" align="center" |[[KBS2]] || Jo Suk | |<ref name=":10">{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160324000585&ACE_SEARCH=1|title='Running Man' star Lee Kwang-soo cast for Web-based drama|date=24 Maret 2016|work=The Korea Herald|accessdate=2017-08-30}}</ref> |- | ''[[Hwarang: The Poet Warrior Youth]]'' || Mak Moon |Cameo (Episode 1 dan 2) |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2016/02/398_198901.html|title=Lee Kwang-soo gets key role in historical drama|date=24 Fèbruari 2016|work=The Korea Times|accessdate=2017-08-30}}</ref> |- |<center> 2017 || ''[[The Best Hit]]''|| Yoon Ki |Cameo (Episode 2) |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.chosun.com/news/ntype.htm?id=201705200100162250011583&servicedate=20170519|title=이광수, '최고의한방' 특별 출연…차태현과 '특급 의리'|date=19 Mèi 2017|work=Sports Chosun|language=ko|accessdate=2017-08-30}}</ref> |- |<center> 2018 || ''Live''|| align="center" |[[TVN (Korea Selatan)|tvN]]|| Yeom Sang Soo | |<ref name=":12">{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20170821000764&ACE_SEARCH=1|title=Jung Yu-mi, Lee Kwang-soo cast for tvN's new series 'Live'|date=21 Agustus 2017|work=The Korea Herald|accessdate=2017-08-30}}</ref> |} === Acara varietas === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Taun ! Irah-Irahan ! Jaringan ! Lakon !Cathetan !Ref |- | rowspan=2| 2009 || ''Introducing a Star's Friend'' || [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]|| rowspan="4" | Bintang tamu |Episode 56 dan 57 | |- | ''Star Golden Bell'' || [[KBS2]] |Episode 230 | |- | rowspan=2| 2010 || ''Come to Play'' || [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] |Episode 286 | |- | ''Strong Heart'' || rowspan="2" | [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] |Episode 25 dan 26 | |- | 2010–sekarang || ''[[Running Man]]'' ||Member |Episode 1 – samenika | |- | 2011 || ''[[Happy Together|Happy Together 3]]'' || [[KBS2]]|| rowspan="6" | Bintang tamu |Episode 229 | |- | 2012 || ''Yoon Do-hyun's MUST'' || [[Mnet (saluran TV)|Mnet]] |Episode 54 | |- | 2013 || ''Gag Concert'' || [[KBS2]] |Episode 681 | |- | rowspan=3| 2014 || ''Taxi'' || [[TVN (Korea Selatan)|tvN]] |Episode | |- | ''Magic Eye'' || [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] |Episode 1 |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/70243/joojihoon-and-leekwangsoo-to-guest-on-magic-eye|title=Joo Ji Hoon and Lee Kwang Soo to Appear on ‘Magic Eye’ as First Guests|date=8 Juli 2014|work=enewsWorld|access-date=2018-02-20|archive-date=2017-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830054047/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/70243/joojihoon-and-leekwangsoo-to-guest-on-magic-eye|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | ''Hurry Up, Brother'' Season 1 || Zhejiang TV |Episode 5 (dengan ''[[Running Man]]'') | |- | rowspan=5| 2015 || ''Perhaps Love'' || Hubei Television|| Member |Season 2 (dengan [[Lynn Hung]]) |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201506121817238351309_2&ACE_SEARCH=1|title=Lee Kwang-soo attends drama showcase in China|date=12 Juni 2015|work=Kpop Herald|accessdate=30 Agustus 2017}}</ref> |- | ''Yaman TV'' || [[Mnet (saluran TV)|Mnet]]|| Bintang tamu |Episode 1 | |- | ''[[Inkigayo]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]|| MC spesial | |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/enewsworld/en/article/89692/lee-kwang-soo-to-host-inkigayo-as-special-mc-to-support-former-running-man-pd|title=Lee Kwang Soo to Host ‘Inkigayo’ as Special MC to Support Former ‘Running Man’ PD|date=20 Maret 2015|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=30 Agustus 2017}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | ''[[Healing Camp, Aren't You Happy|Healing Camp]]'' || Penampilan khusus |Episode 195 | |- || ''[[The Amazing Race (China)]]'' || [[Shenzhen Media Group|Shenzhen TV]]|| Bintang tamu khusus |Season 2 (dengan [[Kim Jong-kook|Kim Jong Kook]]) |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201506101755594025602_2&ACE_SEARCH=1|title=Kim Jong-kook and Lee Kwang-soo to appear on Chinese variety show|date=10 Juni 2015|work=Kpop Herald|accessdate=30 Agustus 2017}}</ref> |- | rowspan=2| 2016 || ''We Kid (WE kang like a KID)'' || [[Mnet (saluran TV)|Mnet]], [[TVN (Korea Selatan)|tvN]]|| rowspan="2" | Bintang tamu |Episode 1 -5 | |- | ''Hurry Up, Brother'' Season 4 || [[Zhejiang Television|Zhejiang TV]] |Episode 44 (dengan ''[[Running Man]]'') | |- |2017 |''Big Picture'' |[[Naver]] | rowspan="2" |Member | | |- |2018 |The Culprit is You |[[Netflix]] | | |- |} === Penampilan video musik === {| class="wikitable" style="width:800px" |- ! width=100|Taun ! Irah-Irahan ! Artis |- | 2011 || "격산타우 (Kyuksantawoo)" || [[Leessang|LeeSsang]] |- | rowspan=3| 2012 || "Oh Fresh Men" (The Bachelor's Vegetable Store OST) || VF6DOLE ([[Ji Chang-wook|Ji Chang Wook]], [[Kim Young-kwang|Kim Young Kwang]], Lee Kwang Soo, [[Shin Won-ho|Shin Won Ho]] lan Sung Ha) |- | "Busan Vacance" || [[Skull]] lan [[Haha (entertainer)|HaHa]] |- | "Fanta CF" || [[Baek Jin-hee]] dan [[Kang Seung-yoon]] ([[Winner (grup musik)|WINNER]]) |- | rowspan=4| 2013 || "Fanta Idol Season 1" || [[Jung Eun-ji|Jung Eun Ji]] lan [[Ahn Daniel|Niel]] ([[Teen Top]]) |- | "Fanta Idol Season 2" || [[Ahn Daniel|Niel]] ([[Teen Top]]) lan [[Jung Eun-ji]] |- | "You Are the Best" Teaser || [[Byul]] |- | "Runaway" || [[Kara (grup musik)|KARA]] |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 ||"Again" || [[Turbo (grup musik)|Turbo]] |- |"My Daddy" |[[Psy]] |- | 2016 ||"MOMOMO" || [[Cosmic Girls]] |} === Endorsemen === {| class="wikitable" style="width:800px" |- ! width="100" |Taun ! Iklan ! Cathetan |- | rowspan="3" |2008 |''Condition Power'' | |- |''Happy Point Card'' | |- |''KTF SHOW Year-Old College Students'' | |- |2009 |''Anycall Haptic Beam'' | |- | rowspan="3" |2010 |''Aronamin Plus'' | |- |''Fudo Seafood Ramen'' | |- |''LG Cyon'' | |- |2011 |''ZUM'' |bersama [[Park Bo-young|Park Bo Young]] |- |2011 - 2012 |''Outback Steakhouse'' | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |''Pepero'' | |- |''Samsung Electronics Galaxy R'' |bersama [[Kim Jong-kook|Kim Jong Kook]] lan [[Gary]] |- |2012 - 2013 |''Fanta'' | |- | rowspan="4" |2013 |''Convenience Store Courier (GS Courier)'' | |- |''LG U+'' | |- |''Mambo'' | |- |''SK Energy Enclean'' | |- |2014 |''Oxford'' |merek mainan |- |2014 - 2015 |''Pizza Hut'' | |- | rowspan="10" |2015 |''dal.komm Coffee'' | |- |''Frutips'' |Iklan Hongkong (bersama Lu Feng) |- |''Game Of Dice'' |sareng [[Running Man]] |- |''Heroes Charge,'' | |- |''K-FOOD'' | |- |''LINE Mileage'' |Iklan Malaysia |- |''Ocean World CF'' |sareng [[Nana (penyanyi)|Nana]] |- |''Oh Potato'' |Iklan Tiongkok |- |''Toyota Rav4 Hybrid'' | |- |''Winix'' | |- | rowspan="2" |2015-2016 |''Binggrae Banana Milk'' |Iklan Tiongkok lan Taiwan |- |''Claire's Korea'' | |- | rowspan="2" |2016||''Samsung Galaxy S7'' | |- |''Ya! Tudou'' |sareng [[Kim Jong-kook|Kim Jong Kook]] |- | rowspan="4" |2017 |''Dunkin''<nowiki/>' ''Donuts'' | |- |''K-FOOD'' | |- |''Orion Choco Pie'' |Iklan Vietnam |- |''Shilla Duty Free'' | |} == Pangaji lan nominasi == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tahun ! Pangaji ! Kategori ! Karya ingkang dados nominasi ! Hasil ! Ref. |- | rowspan="2"|2008 | <center>2nd [[Mnet 20's Choice Awards]] | Hot CF Star | {{NA}} | {{won}} | |- | <center>8th [[MBC Entertainment Awards]] | Best Newcomer in Comedy / Sitcom | style="text-align:center;"|''Here He Comes'' | {{nom}} | |- | 2009 | <center>4th Asia Model Festival Awards | CF Model Award | {{NA}} | {{won}} | |- | 2010 | <center>4th [[SBS Entertainment Awards]] | New Star Award | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|''[[Running Man]]'' | {{won}} | |- | 2011 | <center>5th [[SBS Entertainment Awards]] | Best Newcomer in Variety | {{won}} | <ref name=sbs /> |- | rowspan="3"|2012 | <center>48th [[Baeksang Arts Awards]] | rowspan="2" | Best New Actor | style="text-align:center;"|''[[Wonderful Radio]]'' | {{nom}} | |- | <center>33rd [[Blue Dragon Film Awards|Blue Dragon filem Awards]] | style="text-align:center;"|''[[All About My Wife]]'' | {{nom}} | |- | <center>26th [[KBS Drama Awards]] | Best Supporting Actor | style="text-align:center;"|''[[The Innocent Man (serial TV)|The Innocent Man]]'' | {{nom}} | |- | rowspan="2"|2013 | rowspan="2"|<center>7th [[SBS Entertainment Awards]] | Friendship Award | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|''[[Running Man]]'' | {{won}} | |- | Viewer's Choice: Most Popular Star | {{won}} | |- | rowspan="4"|2014 | <center>7th [[Korea Drama Awards]] | Excellence Award, Actor | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|''[[It's Okay, That's Love]]'' | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201410011931121210|title=‘별그대’ 김수현 KDA 대상, 5관왕 영예(코리아드라마어워즈)|date=1 Oktober 2014|work=Newsen|language=ko|accessdate=30 Agustus 2017}}</ref> |- | <center>3rd [[APAN Star Awards]] | Popular Star Award, Actor | {{won}} | |- | <center>8th [[SBS Entertainment Awards]] | Excellence Award in Variety | style="text-align:center;"|''[[Running Man]]'' | {{won}} | |- | <center>22nd [[SBS Drama Awards]] | Special Award, Actor in a Miniseries | style="text-align:center;"|''[[It's Okay, That's Love]]'' | {{won}} | |- | rowspan=2|2015 | <center>Hong Kong’s YouTube Ads Leaderboard | 2015 Season One Best Commercial Award | <center>Nestle’s Fruitips Ad |{{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3005532|title=Lee’s Fruitips ad receives an award|date=28 Juni 2015|work=Korea JoongAng Daily|accessdate=30 Agustus 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830102520/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3005532|archive-date=2017-08-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | <center>Fashionista Awards | Best Male Fashionista | {{NA}} | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite news|author=Bae Seon-yeong (배선영)|url=http://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=076&aid=0002858582|script-title=ko:[패셔니스타 어워즈] 아몰패 1위 이광수, "저도 투표 참여했죠"|work=Sports Chosun|via=Naver|date=15 Dhésèmber 2015|accessdate=9 Januari 2016|language=ko}}</ref> |- | rowspan="7"|2016 | <center>Sina Weibo Night Awards | Asia Popularity Award | {{NA}} | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3013690|title=Lee Kwang-soo honored in China|date=9 Januari 2016|work=Korea JoongAng Daily|accessdate=30 Agustus 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402195059/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3013690|archive-date=2016-04-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | <center>Jumei Awards Ceremony | Variety Influence | {{NA}} | {{won}} | |- | <center>4th Annual DramaFever Awards | Best Bromance <small>bersama [[Kim Jong-kook|Kim Jong Kook]] | style="text-align:center;"|''[[Running Man]]'' | {{won}} | |- | <center>7th Korean Popular Culture & Arts Awards | Prime Minister Award | {{NA}} | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.sg/lee-kwang-soo-thanks-gary-running-man-sensation-receives-prime-ministers-award-4275|title=Lee Kwang Soo thanks Gary as Running Man sensation receives Prime Minister's Award|date=28 Oktober 2016|work=International Business Times|accessdate=30 Agustus 2017}}</ref> |- | <center>15th [[KBS Entertainment Awards]] | Best Couple <small>bersama [[Jung So-min]]</small> | style="text-align:center;"|''[[The Sound of Your Heart (serial TV)|The Sound of Your Heart]]'' | {{won}} | |- | rowspan="2"|<center>10th [[SBS Entertainment Awards]] | Top Excellence Award in Variety Show | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |''[[Running Man]]'' | {{won}} | rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20161226000855&ACE_SEARCH=1|title=Shin Dong-yup, Lee Kwang-soo nab top entertainment prizes|date=26 Dhésèmber 2016|work=The Korea Herald|accessdate=30 Agustus 2017}}</ref> |- | Annoying Guy Award || {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |<center>11th [[SBS Entertainment Awards]] |Best Couple Award <small>bersama [[Jeon So-min|Jeon So Min]]</small>|| {{Won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1004555275|title=Lee Kwang Soo & Jeon So Min Win 'Best Couple Award'|date=January 2, 2018|work=SBS News}}</ref> |- |<center>6th Korea filem Actors Association Awards |Top Entertainer Award | {{NA}} | {{Won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertain.naver.com/ranking/read?oid=109&aid=0003688208|title=제6회 톱스타상, 수상자 절반이 불참...반쪽짜리 시상식 [종합]|date=28 Dhésèmber 2017|work=Osen|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/jsp/news/news.jsp?pageIndex=1&blbdComCd=601006&seq=4636&mode=VIEW&returnUrl=&searchKeyword=|title=Top Star Awards for NA Moon-hee, LEE Jung-hyun, CHOI Min-shik and Hyun-bin|date=8 Januari 2018|work=Korean Film Biz Zone}}</ref> |} == Rujukan == {{Reflist|2}} == Pranala njawi == * {{HanCinema person}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Kwang-soo}} [[Kategori:Kelahiran 1985]] [[Kategori:Paraga Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:Pemeran laki-laki Korea Selatan]] [[Kategori:Kontestan Running Man]] hg3ezbehplt4m2c7typnoyp0qu1ugt9 Jumaldi Alfi 0 156373 1760084 1656706 2026-11-06T00:57:04Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760084 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jumaldi Alfi Chaniago''' (lair ing Lintau, [[Sumatra Kulon|Sumatèra Kulon]], 19 Juli 1973) pèlukis kontèmporèr saking Yogyakarta ingkang sèkolah ing SMSR lan [[ISI Yogyakarta|ISI Yogyakarta.]] Miwiti [[Kelompok Seni Rupa Jendela]] (KSR Jendela) taun 1996. Karya-karyané ngisyarataké babagan sèpi ingkang bangèt. digawè saka akrilik, mènawi dicampur bakal ngasilaké "''bèlèwuk".'' Jumaldi lan 20 pèrupa saking Indonesia kalèbu dhaftar 500 pèlukis paling laris ing dunya miturut majalah ''Top 500 Artprice 2008/2009.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indonesianluxury.com/artists/jumaldi-alfi|title=Jumaldi Alfi - Artist profile|last=IndonesianLuxury|website=Indonesian Luxury|access-date=2019-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822002518/https://www.indonesianluxury.com/artists/jumaldi-alfi|archive-date=2019-08-22|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sinsinfineart.com/jumaldi-alfi.html|title=JUMALDI ALFI @ Sin Sin Fine Art {{!}} Hong Kong|website=www.sinsinfineart.com|access-date=2019-01-18}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> m5yngv0qjgdnwu5be5gonwk0v1vt9m9 Kampoeng Batik Masaran Sragen 0 157060 1760133 1735992 2026-11-06T03:55:24Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760133 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kampoeng Batik Masaran Sragèn''' yaiku bathik saka Lawéyan, [[Kutha Surakarta|Solo]]. Bathik iki sampun kondhang gayut kaliyan lingkungan lan budaya luhur bathik. Wilayah sing berbatasan karo Kébakkramat Karanganyar iki sampun sejak puluhan tahun, utawa dékadé 1950-an nggumantungké urip ing bathik. Ana 3 désa utama sing dadi séntra terbesar produksi bathik yaiku Pilang, Sidodadi, lan Kliwonan. Désa Kliwonan iki ya iku desa sing paling gedhé lan dadi pusat pengembangan, pelatihan lan pemasaran bathik. Sak liyané iku, ana 2 kecamatan sing sandingan karo Masaran [[Sragèn, Sragèn|Sragèn]] yaiku désa Plupuh lan Kalijambé. Batik iki nduwéni Pusat Grosir Batik Bètèng wonten ing [[Kutha Surakarta|Solo]] lan nduwéni ragam bathik [[Kutha Surakarta|Solo]]. Batik Masaran [[Sragèn, Sragèn|Sragèn]] iku sampun kondang tekan wilayah sing gedhé.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/688645162|title=Batik : karya agung warisan budaya dunia|last=Anindito.|first=Prasetyo,|date=2010|publisher=Pura Pustaka|isbn=9789791706209|edition=Cet. 1|location=[Yogyakarta]|oclc=688645162}}</ref> Ora mung dadi séntra produksi ing Sragèn, Bathik iki uga nduwéni sejarah kang sae. Asal mulané bathik iki uga gayut kalih anane Bengawan Solo sing wonten ing Désa punika. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jateng/budaya/d-6304474/riwayat-batik-kliwonan-sragen-bermula-dari-desa-buruh-para-saudagar|title=Riwayat Batik Kliwonan Sragen, Bermula dari Desa Buruh Para Saudagar|last=detikJateng|first=Tim|website=detikjateng|language=id-ID|access-date=2025-09-13|archive-date=2024-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424224306/https://www.detik.com/jateng/budaya/d-6304474/riwayat-batik-kliwonan-sragen-bermula-dari-desa-buruh-para-saudagar|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing zaman pamaréntahan Surakarta Hadiningrat, daerah Lawéyan sampun nduwéni produksi bathik kang sae lan uga dados séntra ing periode puniku. Sahingga punika iya butuh buruh saking daerah lintuné. Salah sawijiné yaiku daerah Désa Kliwonan Sragén iki. Wontené Bengawan Solo wau nggih saged dados pendukung ingkang mumpuni. Amargi anané niku saged nggampilakè babagan transportasi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jateng/budaya/d-6304474/riwayat-batik-kliwonan-sragen-bermula-dari-desa-buruh-para-saudagar|title=Riwayat Batik Kliwonan Sragen, Bermula dari Desa Buruh Para Saudagar|last=detikJateng|first=Tim|website=detikjateng|language=id-ID|access-date=2025-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424224306/https://www.detik.com/jateng/budaya/d-6304474/riwayat-batik-kliwonan-sragen-bermula-dari-desa-buruh-para-saudagar|archive-date=2024-04-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> kr2dai8ycczsccdfp75llgpj9qzvwx3 Matcha 0 157435 1760268 1657752 2026-11-06T10:53:01Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760268 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Matcha layout with leaf, tea, and powder.jpg|jmpl| praupane matcha]] '''Matcha''' kuwi jinising tèh ijo awujud bubuk. Yèn tèh ijo kuwi digawé saka rendheman godhong tèh, nanging matcha kuwi saka godhong tèh ijo garing sing didheplok dadi bubuk sing alus. Panalitèn nuduhaké, tèh ijo duwé mupangat kanggo kasarasan kaya ta ngedhunké [[Kolesterol|kolestèrol]], nglindungi awak saka kanker, ngontrol kadar gula dharah lan ngurangi inflamasi. Matcha kuwi awujud [[godhong]] tèh ijo sing wutuh lan duwéni luwih apik mupangat kanggo kasarasan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lifestyle.kompas.com/read/2016/12/16/170500623/matcha.alternatif.sehat.pengganti.kopi|title=Matcha, Alternatif Sehat Pengganti Kopi|last=|first=Dhorothea|date=2016-12-16|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2018-12-21}}</ref> == Panalitèn == [[Gambar:Matcha soft cream.jpg|jmpl|Meneka olah-olahan matcha]] Pasinaon sing dibabar ing ''Journal of Chromatography A'' nemoaké, yèn matcha kuwi nduwé mupangat luwih apik tinimbang tèh ijo biyasané. Kuwi nggawé tèh ijo kaya diwènèhi tambahan [[Steroid|stéroid]], mula mupangat luwih akèh. Panalitèn nemoaké konsèntrasi èpigallokatèkin gallaté (EGCG) ing matcha 137 luwih kuwat tinimbang tèh biyasané. Luwih akèh EGCG ateges antioksidané luwih dhuwur, lan duwé mupangat kanggo nyegah kanker saka awak lan rusaké sèl-sèl ing awak saya alon. Ananging ana uga dhokter kandha yèn wilangan itungan EGCG matcha ora sadhuwur kuwi. Matcha uga nduwé mupangat kanggo mbakar lemak. Asil pasinaon sing dibabar ing Jurnal Food & Function nemoaké, tikus sing diwènèhi pangan lemak kang dhuwur lan prèsentase matcha sing dhuwur nduwéni trilisèrida lan kolèsterol luwih sithik tinimbang tikus kang padha tanpa diwènèhi matcha. Panaliti ugi nemoaké kadar [[glukosa]] darah luwih sithik lan aktivitas antioksidané luwih dhuwur. [[Gambar:Whisk macca tea.jpg|jmpl| Nggawe omben-omben matcha]] Ora sithik sing banjur pindah saka kopi menyang matcha lan ngandharkè matcha luwih ménéhi énérgi luwih lan bisa nggawè luwih tênang tinimbang bubar ngombé kopi. Asil pasinaon ing Asia Pasific Journal of Clinical Nutrition nemoaké [[asam amino]] sing disebut L-théanine sing biyasané ditemoaké ing teh. Panaliti uga nemoaké tèh isa nggawé rilèks ing utak lan ngunggahké rasa waspada. Akèh-akèhé jinis matcha ngèmot kaféin kaya sagêlas kopi (kurang luwih 53 nganti 72&nbsp;mg kaféin per saji bubuk matcha asli tinimbang 95&nbsp;mg kopi). Diandharké uga yèn kaféin matcha diculké sithik-sithik, mula ora njujug lemes sawisé éfék kop ilang. Mawi kandungan nutrisi lan kaféin sing luwih dhuwur saka [[tèh ijo]] biyasa, yèn dikonsumsi asring bakal nggawé lara hépatotoksisitas hérbal, kondisi kaluwihan hérbal lan karusakan ati.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=|title=7 Manfaat Konsumsu Matcha, Jangan Abaikan Minuman Ajaib Ini!|url=https://jurnalpatrolinews.co.id/lifestyle/read/7-manfaat-konsumsi-matcha-jangan-abaikan-minuman-ajaib-ini|journal=Jurnal Patroli|volume=|pages=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818091424/https://jurnalpatrolinews.co.id/lifestyle/read/7-manfaat-konsumsi-matcha-jangan-abaikan-minuman-ajaib-ini|archive-date=2019-08-18|access-date=2019-01-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references responsive="" /> {{Commonscat|Matcha}} [[Kategori:Ombèn-ombèn]] 01uskicrykkmpkv5fhbhkrj0uxowfne Kacilakan Asiana Airlines 214 0 158021 1760119 1731308 2026-11-06T03:26:31Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760119 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kacilakan Asiana Airlines 214''' ya iku kacilakan motor mabur Boeing 777 nalika motor mabur mudhun ing Papan Anggegana Internasional San Francisco. Kadadeyan kuwi nandang ing dina Setu, 6 Juli 2013. Motor mabur kuwi kacatet nggoné maskapai Asiana Airlines Korea kanthi nomor penerbangan 214 sing mabur saka [[Seoul]]. Kacilakan kuwi nggawé 2 wong mati, 181 liyane tatu, lan 6 nandang kang parah saka kabehé penumpang kang ana 291 lan 16 kru. Korban mati ya iku warga negara China. Salah sijiné korban mati amarga ketubruk mobil emergency. Dudutan kuwi awit awaké korban ketemu ora ing jalur landasan. Motor mabur kuwi mudun kanthi alon lan papane kangisoren. Pilot wis ngreka nambah laku cepeté motor mabur kuwi kira-kira 7 detik sadurungé kacilakan kadadeyan. Ananging kacilakan tetep kadadeyan. Miturut asil rekaman kokpit lan data panerbangan, ana panjaluk kanggo nambah cepeting laku motor mabur kuwi. Pilot nyauri pengen mubeng-mubeng dhisik. Motor mabur sing nggawa 307 penumpang kuwi ora bisa mudhun kanthi apik lan kobong. Motor mabur dibedhek nyenggol banyu sagara nganti buntuté ucul. Asiana airlines kuwi maskapai paling gedhe nomer loro ing [[Koréa Kidul]]. Kacilakan kuwi uga sing nomer loro. Kacilakan nomer siji nalika tahun 1993, Asiana Airlines nubruk gunung ing Koréa Kidul. Kacilakan kuwi marai 68 wong mati. Ana ing tivi, Presidhèn Asiana Airlines njaluk ngapura amarga kacilakan kuwi mau. Nalika kuwi Yooung-doo, Presiden maskapai kasebut, ngandharaké yen kru pesawat iya wong-wong sing wis digladhi. Piloté pesawat kuwi uga wis duwéni 10 ewu jam mabur. Nalika kuwi piloté yaiku Lee Jeong-min saha Lee Gang-guk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/read/2013/07/07/042523/2294705/1148/pesawat-b-777-asiana-airlines-jatuh-di-san-fransisco-1-tewas-puluhan-luka|title=Pesawat B-777 Asiana Airlines Jatuh di San Fransisco, 1 Tewas Puluhan Luka|website=detiknews|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402181640/http://news.detik.com/read/2013/07/07/042523/2294705/1148/pesawat-b-777-asiana-airlines-jatuh-di-san-fransisco-1-tewas-puluhan-luka|archive-date=2015-04-02|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/read/2013/07/09/111946/2296597/1148/6-kisah-dari-tragedi-asiana-airlines|title=6 Kisah dari Tragedi Asiana Airlines|website=detiknews|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713175644/http://news.detik.com/read/2013/07/09/111946/2296597/1148/6-kisah-dari-tragedi-asiana-airlines|archive-date=2013-07-13|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dunia.tempo.co/read/494663/pilot-asiana-yang-nahas-masih-berkenalan|title=Pilot Asiana yang Nahas Masih 'Berkenalan'|last=Ut|first=Burhan Sholihin Koran-Red|date=2013-07-09|website=Tempo|language=en|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> cyi0r5jyejew0o2riwk9hlj9wmpe81e Joseph Yam 0 158094 1760080 1752117 2026-11-06T00:53:38Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760080 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph YAM Chi-kwong''' , GBM , GBS , CBE , JP (任志剛 lair 1948, [[Hong Kong]]) <ref name="Home return experiences">[http://www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/viewpt/20090917e.htm "Home return" experiences]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asian-affairs.com/biographies/josephyamcv.html|title=Joseph Yam CV|publisher=asian-affairs.com|access-date=1 Maret 2013}}</ref> yaiku ahli statistik, ékonom lan pegawai negeri Hong Kong. Piyambakipun minangka Kepala Eksekutif ingkang kaping pisanan saking Otoritas Moneter Hong Kong, bank sentral ''de facto'' Hong Kong, nyepeng posisi 16 taun. Ing 2011 Yam kapilih dadi anggota dewan direksi Switserlan Bank UBS AG.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyOfficers?symbol=UBS|title=People: UBS AG|access-date=15 Maret 2013|agency=Reuters}}</ref> Ing 2014, sakwisé tahapan UBS AG, dhèwéké diangkat dadi ketua dèwan UBS Group AG lan dadi jabatan nganti Méi 2017.<ref name="UBS BoD Joseph Yam">{{cite web|url=https://www.ubs.com/global/en/about_ubs/corporate-governance/board-of-directors/cv-joseph-yam.html|title=UBS BoD Joseph Yam|publisher=UBS|access-date=21 Maret 2015|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305021444/https://www.ubs.com/global/en/about_ubs/corporate-governance/board-of-directors/cv-joseph-yam.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dhèwéké dadi anggota Komité Budaya lan Tanggung Jawab Korporat lan Komité Risiko UBS Group AG wiwit taun 2011 lan anggota Déwan Eksekutif Hong Kong wiwit taun 2017. == Pendidikan == Joseph Yam lulus saka [[Universitas Hong Kong]] ing bidang ékonomi, ilmu sosial lan statistik kanthi penghormatan kelas ing 1970. == Karir == Yam gabung karo Pamaréntah Hong Kong minangka ahli statistik ing taun 1971 lan dadi ékonom ing taun 1976. Sasampunipun taun 1982, Yam dipunangkat minangka Principal Asistén Sekretaris Urusan Moneter.<ref name="HKMAbackup">{{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/hkma/index.htm|title=Executive Profiles, HKMA official website|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119081800/http://www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/hkma/index.htm|archive-date=19 Januari 2008|deadurl=bot: unknown|accessdate=2017-04-27|df=}}CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown ([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_BOT:_original-url_status_unknown link]) <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Ing taun 1983, Yam nyumbang kanggo ngasilaké dhuwit ing antarané dolar Hong Kong lan dollar AS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/202e8abe-b458-11e1-bb68-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3vyGD5Gn7|title=Hong Kong urged to review dollar peg|publisher=ft.com|access-date=31 Dhésèmber 2015}}</ref> Ing taun 1985, dhewèké diangkat dadi Wakil Sekretaris Moneter lan taun 1991, minangka Direktur Kantor ''Exchange''. Nalika Kantor  Exchange gabung karo Kantor Komisaris Perbankan ing taun 1993, Yam dadi Panguwasa Eksekutif Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), posisi kang ditahan nganti Oktober 2009. Ing taun 1995, Institut Bankers Hong Kong milih Yam minangka '''Bankir Taun''' . <ref /> Saliyané studi sing dilakokaké déning SK Tsang, Profesor Ekonomi ing Universitas Baptis Hong Kong , kanthi judul "A Study of the Exchange Rate System and Opportunity Policy for Hong Kong" lan nuduhaké ana kelemahan sistem  kurs HKD-USD nalika [[Krisis finansial Asia 1997|Krisis Finansial Asia 1997]] , Yam ora mbeneraké pasak basis sempit, nanging mbela dollar Hong Kong kanthi nyurung suku bunga. Utamané, Yam ngusulaké tarif Interbank overnight nganti 280% ing 23 Oktober 1997.<ref>[http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr98-99/english/panels/fa/papers/fa1712_1.htm "HKMA's Response to Views of Market Practitioners and Academics on the Linked Exchange Rate System"], Legco Papers</ref> Ing pamindhahan, HKMA uga nuku saham US $ 15 milyar ing tengah pasar panik nalika taun 1998. Ukuran kasebut diterusaké kalem, lan kanthi mangkana bisa njaga paritasané kurs tetep Hong Kong marang dolar AS. Gerakan iki wiwitané dikritik déning, ing antarané liya, Alan Greenspan , kang nyatakaké keprihatinan ing September 1998 dadi strategi kasebut bakal gagal lan ngilangi kredibilitas HKMA.<ref name="lanman">{{Cite web|url=http://www.swfinstitute.org/other-swf-news/greenspan-says-hong-kongs-yam-was-right-to-buy-stocks-in-1998/|title=Greenspan Says Hong Kong's Yam Was Right to Buy Stocks in 1998|author=Scott Lanman|date=19 Mèi 2009|publisher=SWFI Institute|access-date=2019-01-19|archive-date=2014-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830051720/http://www.swfinstitute.org/other-swf-news/greenspan-says-hong-kongs-yam-was-right-to-buy-stocks-in-1998/|url-status=dead}}</ref> "Wonten ing wekdal punika wekdalipun sae," ujare Greenspan. "Iku tumindak resikoné. . . Aku ora nyaranaké minangka aturan umum kanggo bank sentral. " Yam rèspondén kanthi surat terbuka, nyatakaké kuciwané lan mbela putusan HKMA.<ref name="Yam letter">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/key-information/speech-speakers/jckyam/speech_170998b.shtml|title=Greenspan Says Mr Joseph Yam's letter to Mr Alan Greenspan|author=Joseph Yam|date=17 Sèptèmber 1998|publisher=HKMA}}</ref> Ing 2007, Yam minangka bank sentral paling dhuwur ing donya, kanthi gaji tahunan US $ 1,32 juta, kira-kira kaping pitu saka Ketua Federal Reserve ($ 191,300), <ref /> lan kira-kira telung saka Presiden saka Bank Sentral Eropah (EUR 351.816 ing 2008), Gubernur Bank Inggris (GBP 290.000 ing 2008) lan Gubernur Bank Jepang ($ 370.000 ing 2007) <ref /> ==== Rencana Konvergensi ==== Ngélingi béda rega antarané saham sing kadhaptar ing pasar lokal (H-saham) lan Shanghai Stock Exchange (A-saham), Yam didorong kanggo mékanisme kanggo ningkataké konvergensi lan arbitrase kang luwih gedhé. Alangan utama sing dituduhaké déning makelar lokal, dhéwèké dikreditaké kanthi nyengkuyung Pemerintah supaya njupuk saham 5.9% ing Bursa Efek Hong Kong minangka pengaruh, banjur mimpin program kasebut <ref /> Kang ngidini wong daratan kanggo tuku sekuritas Hong Kong langsung dening mbukak akun [[Artacihna|mata uang]] asing ing cabang Bank of China ing sisih lor Tianjin . Skema iki diumumake dening Administrasi Negara Foreign Exchange tanggal 20 Agustus 2007, <ref /> <ref /> nanging mandheg ing gerbang wiwitan, nalika Beijing nolak ijin. <ref /> === Pensiun saka layanan umum === Tanggal 19 Mei 2009, Yam dikonfirmasi rencanané kanggo pensiun, sawisé dadi jabatan ing 16 taun.<ref name="TVB20090519">{{Cite video|title=News at Seven-Thirty on 19 May 2009|medium=TV news broadcast|publisher=[[TVB]]|location=Hong Kong|year=2009}}</ref> Nalika wiwitan kasebut diumumaké ing Oktober 2007 kang bakal pensiun nalika tanggal 1 Oktober 2009, kolumnis finansial Jake van der Kamp nandhesaké keberangkatan Yam kanthi penanganan rencana A-share lan H-share kang nancepaké ekonomi Hong Kong. Ketua Eksekutif Sir Donald Tsang saka Hong Kong nyatakaké yen Yam minangka "komrad sing dilakokaké bebarengan karo pemerintah ing taun 1998 kanggo ngatasi gejolak finansial Asia lan miturut tsunami financial saiki, sistem perbankan Hong Kong tetep stabil." === UBS Group AG === Ing April 2011, Pak Yam kapilih dadi direksi UBS AG lan wiwit taun 2011 dhéwèké dadi anggota saka Komité Budaya lan Tanggung Jawab Korporat lan Komite Risk. Saka November 2014 nganti Mei 2017, dhéwèké dadi anggota dewan diréksi UBS Group AG . == Mandat liyané ing papan perusahaan, organisasi lan yayasan utawa kelompok kapentingan == Sasampunipun pénsiun saka jabatanipun minangka panguwasa éksekutif Otoritas Moneter Hong Kong ing Séptémber 2009, Yusuf Yam mundhut janjian. Sasampunipun pénsiun, piyambakipun dipunangkat minangka Wakil Présidhèn Eksekutif China Society for Finance and Banking, sawijining masyarakat ingkang dipunurus déning Bank Rakyat China . <ref /> Dhèwèké uga dadi de  penasihat kanggo Bank Rakyat China. Ing 2010, Yam uga ditunjuk minangka direktur non-éksekutif indepènden kanggo déwan Johnson Electric Holdings Limited <ref name="Bloomberg">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=23898653&privcapId=7923985|title=Bloomberg|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|access-date=February 21, 2015}}</ref> lan déwan China Construction Bank Corporation . Dhèwéké pisanan ditunjuk kanggo jabatan rong taun nganti 2012 ing déwan Johnson Electric Holdings Limited.<ref name="MarketWatch Joseph Yam to board of Johnson Electric">{{Cite web|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/johnson-electric-names-former-hkma-chief-exec-joseph-yam-to-board-2010-09-08|title=Johnson Electric Names Former HKMA Chief Exec Joseph Yam To Board|website=MarketWatch|access-date=10 Novèmber 2015}}</ref> Mandat iki banjur ditambah lan Yam saiki isih ana ing papan. Dhèwèké ninggalaké pos minangka direktur non-eksekutif saka China Construction Bank Corporation ing 23 Oktober 2013. Dhèwèké njabat minangka Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation Limited ing posisi dadi wakil ketua lan diréktur lan minangka anggota déwan penasihat ing Bank Sentral Uni Emirat Arab . Joseph Yam uga anggota Déwan Internasional China Investment Corporation, lan anggota déwan UnionPay International Co, Ltd lan saka Dompet Komunitas Hong Kong . Dhèwèké uga dadi Fellow Riset Distinguished ing Institut Ekonomi lan Keuangan Global ing Universitas Tiongkok Hong Kong . == Kepengin == Ing taun 2001, Yam iki dianugerahi gelar kehormatan saka Dhokter saka Bisnis Administrasi déning Mbukak Universitas Hong Kong (OUHK).<ref name="Joseph Yam">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ouhk.edu.hk/wcsprd/Satellite?pagename=OUHK/tcGenericPage2010&c=C_ETPU&cid=191155021600&BODY=tcGenericPage|title=Joseph Yam: train more talents for top-notch financial infrastructure|publisher=The Open University of Hong Kong|access-date=6 Mèi 2015|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002145/http://www.ouhk.edu.hk/wcsprd/Satellite?pagename=OUHK/tcGenericPage2010&c=C_ETPU&cid=191155021600&BODY=tcGenericPage|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing November 2009, Yam iki dianugerahi Dhokter saka Bisnis Administrasi ''honoris causa'' dening Hong Kong Universitas Ilmu & Teknologi. Piyambakipun uga diangkat menyang Hong Kong Institute of Education (saiki Pendidikan Universitas Hong Kong) minangka Kehormatan Profesor afiliasi kanggo ing Departemen saka Asia lan Privasi Pasinaon kanggo periode telung taun, miwiti saka februari 2015.<ref name="Professor Joseph Yam appointed Honorary Professor">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ied.edu.hk/web/highlights_joseph_yam_honorary_professor.html|title=Professor Joseph Yam appointed Honorary Professor|publisher=The Hong Kong Institute of Education|access-date=6 Mèi 2015|archive-date=2022-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027124411/https://www.ied.edu.hk/web/highlights_joseph_yam_honorary_professor.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Loro saka doktor kehormatan derajat lan kehormatan profésor saka lokal lan jaban rangkah universities, Yam iki uga dianugerahi ing pangenalan saka layanan umum karir lan kang akeh kontribusi kanggo Hong Kong. Ing taun 1995, piyambakipun dados Panglima Paling Banget Order of the British Empire (CBE). Ing taun 2009, ing Hong Kong Administrative Region Special Pemerintah dianugerahi wong Grand Bauhinia Medali (GBM), paling national award, lan ing taun 2001 ing Emas Bauhinia Star (GB). Menapa malih, ing taun 1997, ''Euromoney'' jenenge wong Tengah Bank saka Taun.<ref name="UBS nominates Joseph Yam">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ubs.com/hk/tc/about_us/tc_newsdisplay.html/en/2010/07/23/ubs_nominates_joseph_yam_for_election_to_its_board.html|title=UBS nominates Joseph Yam for election to its Board of Directors|publisher=UBS AG|access-date=6 Mèi 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824045240/https://www.ubs.com/hk/tc/about_us/tc_newsdisplay.html/en/2010/07/23/ubs_nominates_joseph_yam_for_election_to_its_board.html|archive-date=2019-08-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Referensi == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Kategori:CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown|Category:CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown]] [[Kategori:Lair 1947]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] 0z4o06136p59ta1zhxfnyuecjivu5fb Herman Sikumbang 0 158452 1760023 1731662 2026-11-05T21:45:38Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Herman Sikumbang|birth_date={{birth date|df=y|1982|3|17}}|birth_place=[[Tidore]], [[Maluku Lor]], [[Indonésia]]|death_date={{death date and age|df=y|2018|12|22|1982|3|17}}|death_place=[[Tanjung Lesung]], [[Banten]], [[Indonésia]]|death_cause=[[Tsunami ing Supitan Sundha 2018]]|occupation=Gitaris|years_active=1999–2018|height=|weight=|spouse=[[Juliana Moechtar]] (o. 2012-2018)}} '''Herman Sikumbang''' (17 Maret 1982 - 22 Dhésèmber 2018) iku gitaris Indonésia kang uga minangka warganing band Indonésia aran [[Seventeen Band|Seventeen]] wiwit 1999 nganti 2018. Panjenengané séda ing tanggal 22 Dhésèmber 2018 nalika umur 36 taun amarga tsunami ing Supitan Sundha kang nerak pamentasané.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/asean-plus/30360984|title=Watch : Indonesia's Seventeen band loses band members in Sunda Strait tsunami|website=The Nation|language=en|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-date=2019-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609183034/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/asean-plus/30360984|url-status=dead}}</ref> Panjenengané omah-omah karo Juliana Moechtar ing taun 2012. Panjenengané kacalonaké minangka warganing [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat]] (DPR) tumrap pilihan umum lègislatif 2019 makili [[Parté Kebangkitan Bangsa|Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa]] (PKB). <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/4356221/herman-seventeen-korban-tewas-tsunami-caleg-pkb-cak-imin-berduka|title=Herman 'Seventeen' Korban Tewas Tsunami Caleg PKB, Cak Imin Berduka|last=Prasetia|first=Andhika|date=23 Dhésèmber 2018|work=detiknews|access-date=23 Dhésèmber 2018|language=id|archive-date=2019-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408184624/https://news.detik.com/berita/4356221/herman-seventeen-korban-tewas-tsunami-caleg-pkb-cak-imin-berduka|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Séda == Band pop Seventeen pinuju ngisi acara kang dianakaké perusahaan listrik praja aran [[Perusahaan Listrik Negara|PLN]] ing siji résor ing pasisiring Tanjung Lesung nalika alun gedhé nerak pamentasané ing watara pukul 9:30 utc+7.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://meaww.com/indonesia-tsunami-jakarta-band-seventeen-swept-off-stage-while-performing-bassist-manager-dead|title=Indonesian band Seventeen swept away as tsunami strikes beachside concert leaving two band members dead|last=|first=|date=|website=meaww.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223125204/https://meaww.com/indonesia-tsunami-jakarta-band-seventeen-swept-off-stage-while-performing-bassist-manager-dead|archive-date=2018-12-23|url-status=dead|access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wow.tribunnews.com/2018/12/23/gitaris-seventeen-herman-sikumbang-ditemukan-setelah-hilang-diterjang-tsunami-di-pantai-anyer-serang|title=Gitaris Seventeen Herman Sikumbang Ditemukan setelah Hilang Diterjang Tsunami di Pantai Anyer Serang|date=2018-12-23|website=Tribun Wow|language=id-ID|access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> Gitaris Herman sempet kaanggep ilang sawatara jam sabubaré tsunami, nanging banjur tinemu wis séda. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/members-of-indonesian-rock-band-dead-missing-following-deadly-tsunami|title=Indonesia pop band Seventeen's members dead or missing after tsunami slams stage during performance|last=Casiano|first=Louis|date=2018-12-23|website=Fox News|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> == Dhiskografi == * ''Bintang Terpilih'' (1999) * ''Sweet Seventeen'' (2005) * ''Lelaki Hebat'' (2008) * ''Dunia Yang Indah'' (2011) * ''Sang Juara'' (2013) * ''Pantang Mundur'' (2016) == Réferènsi == {{reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Lair 1982]] 93hypg9gw7krkbcg71b7j12j5f1o95l Dina Basa Ibu Nagarantara 0 158623 1759909 1635034 2026-11-05T15:17:27Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox holiday |holiday_name = Dina Basa Ibu Nagarantara |type = nagarantara |image = Shaheed Minar.JPG |alt = Yasan péngetan kang ngélingaké buwi |imagesize = |caption = Shaheed Minar (Monumèn Sahid) ngelingaké dhémontrasi Obah-obahan Basa Banggala ing tanggal 21 Fèbruwari 1952. |official_name = International Mother Language Day (IMLD) |nickname = |observedby = Sajagat |litcolor = |longtype = |significance = Nuwuhaké panggrahita tumrap pangreksa dalah lestarining kabèh basa |begins = |ends = |date = 21 Fèbruwari |scheduling = dina kang padha ing saben tauné |duration = Sadina |frequency = Taunan |celebrations = |observances = |relatedto = Obah-obahan Basa Banggala }} '''Dina Basa Ibu Nagarantara''' (cara Inggris: ''International Mother Language Day'' (IMLD)) iku dina pangargyan taunan kang katindakaké ing saindenging jagat ing tanggal 21 Fèbruwari kanggo nuwuhaké panggrahita (''awareness, kesadaran'') tumrap manéka rupaning basa lan budaya lan manuhaké multilinguwalisme. Dikukuhaké [[UNESCO]] ing tanggal 17 Nopèmber 1999, dina pangargyan iki resmi diakoni [[Sidang Umum PBB|Majelis Umum Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] nalika ngepyakaké taun 2008 minangka Taun Basa Nagarantara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=A/RES/61/266|title=Links to documents|date=2002-09-09|website=Un.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054121/http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=A%2FRES%2F61%2F266|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=live|access-date=2016-07-02}}</ref><ref name="Ingles">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iE6ZMS8Q-TAC&pg=PA97|title=Ingles. Cuerpo de Maestros. Temario Para la Preparacion de Oposiciones .e-book,.|publisher=MAD-Eduforma|isbn=978-84-665-6253-9|pages=97–}}</ref><ref name="Rahim2014">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mUGtBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA102|title=Canadian Immigration and South Asian Immigrants|last=Rahim|first=Abdur|date=19 Sèptèmber 2014|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=978-1-4990-5874-1|pages=102–}}</ref> Gagasan bab Dina Basa Ibu Nagarantara teka saka Banggaladésa. Ing Banggaladésa, tanggal 21 Fèbruwari minangka tanggal kanggo mèngeti wong-wong Banggaladésa kang marsudi kanthi wutah getih supaya basa Banggala bisa diakoni pamaréntah.<ref name="International Mother Language Day">{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/commemorations/motherlanguageday|title=International Mother Language Day Celebration|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213064208/https://en.unesco.org/commemorations/motherlanguageday|archive-date=2019-02-13|url-status=live|access-date=12 Fèbruari 2019}}</ref> == Pangargyan == [[Gambar:Document_"Proclamation_for_the_Province_of_British_Columbia",_2015.jpg|jmpl|Pambiwara Dina Basa Ibu Nagarantara ing British Columbia]] [[UNESCO]] nemtokaké irah-irahan (''theme, tema'') kanggo saben Dina Basa Ibu Nagarantara lan ngragadi acara-acara kang magepokan kang ginelar ing kantor gedhéné ing [[Paris]]. Ing taun 2008, Taun Basa Nagarantara kawiwitan ing Dina Basa Ibu Nagarantara. Dina iku ingargyan ing [[Cilé]], [[Ruslan]], [[Pilipina|Pilipin]], [[Mesir]], lan [[Kanadha]].<ref>Kutha TV, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NG0DNTn20Fc&index=2&list=PLlkr8s3uWRbImXXOQsK7so0oMALIIQX_i, Diverse-City 02.25.14] , ''YouTube'' , 25 Februari 2014, Sumber:</ref> === Banggaladésa === [[Banggaladésa|Wong Banggaladésa]] ngargya Dina Basa Ibu Nagarantara kanthi ndèkèk kembang ing Monumèn Sahid lan tetironé.<ref name="mldmagazine">Riya Karin & Shoha Islam, [http://www.motherlanguageday.ca/files/pdf/publications/BPCA_MLDMagazine2015.pdf "Journey to Inclusion in & through Education: Language Counts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402220203/http://www.motherlanguageday.ca/files/pdf/publications/BPCA_MLDMagazine2015.pdf |date=2015-04-02 }}, ''Bangladesh PressClub Centre of Alberta (BPCA)'', Published February 20, 2015 in the ''Mother Language Magazine'' 2015 (Page 31), Retrieved 2015-05-06.</ref> Minangka dina gedhé nagara kawit taun 1953,<ref>Professor Kabir Choudhury, [http://www.motherlanguageday.ca/files/pdf/publications/BPCA_MLDMagazine2015.pdf "21st February: International Mother Language Day"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402220203/http://www.motherlanguageday.ca/files/pdf/publications/BPCA_MLDMagazine2015.pdf |date=2015-04-02 }}, ''Bangladesh PressClub Centre of Alberta (BPCA)'', Published February 20, 2015 in the ''Mother Language Magazine'' 2015 (Page 34), Retrieved 2015-05-07.</ref> dina iku uga kondhang ingaran Shohid Dibôsh (Dina Sahid). Ing tanggal 17 Nopèmber 1999, Pasamuwan Umum [[UNESCO]] ngakoni tanggal 21 Fèbruwari minangka Dina Basa Ibu Nagarantara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/events/motherlanguageday|title=International Mother Language Day|date=2007-05-16|website=Un.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707184218/http://www.un.org/en/events/motherlanguageday/|archive-date=2016-07-07|url-status=live|access-date=2016-07-02}}</ref> Wong Banggaladésa padha ngumpul saperlu ngajèni basa lan budayané dhéwé, ngayahi pasanggiri sastra, nggambar alpana ing dalan-dalan, mangan kembulan, lan ngrungokaké tetembangan.<ref name="mldmagazine" /><ref>Jonathan lan Prithwi Raj, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UC2K-4dUuoY, Ekushe Februari (instrumental)] , ''YouTube'' , 21 Februari 2012, Ditampa 2015-05-06.</ref> === Kanadha === Dina Basa Ibu Nagarantara kawanuhaké ing Parlemèn Kanadha déning Matthew Kellway ing tanggal 5 Fèbruwari 2014 supaya diakoni pamaréntah lan dadi RUU anggota pribadi C-573.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&DocId=6406360&File=24#1|title=International Mother Language Day Act|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107064825/http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&DocId=6406360&File=24#1#1|archive-date=2017-01-07|url-status=live|access-date=November 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://openparliament.ca/bills/41-2/C-573|title=Bill C-573 (Historical)|date=2014-02-05|website=Openparliament.ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403180645/https://openparliament.ca/bills/41-2/C-573/|archive-date=2016-04-03|url-status=live|access-date=2016-07-02}}</ref> Ing taun 2015, [[British Columbia]] lan Manitoba mbiwara pangargyan Dina Basa Ibu Nagarantara ing tanggal 21 Fèbruwari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://motherlanguageday.ca/implementation-of-mother-language-day-in-canada|title=iPage|date=|website=Motherlanguageday.ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816235914/http://motherlanguageday.ca/implementation-of-mother-language-day-in-canada|archive-date=2016-08-16|url-status=dead|access-date=2016-07-02}}</ref> Edmonton ngargya Dina Basa Ibu Nagarantara ing tanggal 21 Fèbruwari 2017.<ref name="edmonton">{{Cite web|url=http://m.thedailynewnation.com/news/126000/intl-mother-language-day-observed-at-edmonton|title=Int'l Mother Language Day observed at Edmonton|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807192042/http://m.thedailynewnation.com/news/126000/intl-mother-language-day-observed-at-edmonton|archive-date=2017-08-07|url-status=dead|access-date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> === Indhiyah === Minangka péranganing rékadaya Indhiyah Dhigital déning Mahamantri Narendra Modi, kontèn kang wis kadhigitalaké bakal cumepak ing 22 basa resmi nagara saha 234 basa liyané kang diakoni nagara Indhiyah. Dhigitisasi kawiwitan ing sasi Juni 2016 lumantar Proyèk Bharatavani ing Institut Punjer Basa-Basa Indhiyah (''Central Institute of Indian Languages'') ing Mysore. Nalika sasi Fèbruwari 2017, kontèn ing 60 basa ing Indhiyah wis cumepak kanthi lelahanan (gratis).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bharatavani.in|title=भारतवाणी|website=भारतवाणी|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.merinews.com/article/international-mother-language-day-india-to-protect-and-promote-22-scheduled-indian-languages-through-digitization-of-content/15913871.shtml|title=International Mother Language Day: India to protect and promote 22 scheduled Indian languages through digitization of content|date=2016-02-21|website=Merinews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135229/http://www.merinews.com/article/international-mother-language-day-india-to-protect-and-promote-22-scheduled-indian-languages-through-digitization-of-content/15913871.shtml|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=live|access-date=2016-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-22-indian-scheduled-languages-to-go-digital-on-international-mother-language-day-on-feb-21-2172468|title=22 Indian scheduled languages to go digital on International Mother Language Day on Feb 21 &#124; Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=2016-02-01|website=Dnaindia.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310084650/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-22-indian-scheduled-languages-to-go-digital-on-international-mother-language-day-on-feb-21-2172468|archive-date=2016-03-10|url-status=live|access-date=2016-07-02}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} 1y9qpd6xwlkuzyvcwzh4xfd3ah6t5p8 Holodomor 0 159268 1760029 1672212 2026-11-05T21:57:22Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760029 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Holodomor''''' (ing [[basa Ukraina]]: '' Голодомор;{{efn|Also known as "Extermination by hunger" or "Hunger-extermination"}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction|last=Jones|first=Adam|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2010|isbn=978-0-415-48618-7|page=194}}</ref>'') ya iku prastawa panumpesan lan kaluwèn gedhèn-gedhèn nalikané taun 1932-1933 ing [[Ukraina Sovyèt]] kang matèni wong Ukraina cacahé yutanan. Prastawa iki uga dikenal minangka '''''Terror-Famine''''' lan '''''Famine-Genocide'' ''in Ukraina''''',{{sfn|Davies|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=4yWin1-ckYgC&pg=PA145 145]}}{{sfn|Baumeister|1999|p=179}}{{sfn|Sternberg|Sternberg|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFT2l-RH9FIC&pg=PA67 67]}} lan kadhang kala uga dijuluki '''''Great Famine'''''<ref>Boriak, Hennadii. Sources for the Study of the "Great Famine" in Ukraine (Cambridge, Massachusetts 2009)</ref> utawa '''''The Ukrainian Genocide of 1932–33'''''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrainiangenocide.org/|title=Ukrainian Genocide of 1932–1933|date=|work=Ukrainian Genocide Famine Foundation – USA, Inc.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124121759/http://www.ukrainiangenocide.org/|archive-date=24 Novèmber 2016|url-status=live|access-date=22 Novèmber 2016}}</ref> Nailka Holodomor, yutanan padunung Ukraina, sing akèh-akèhé minangka golongan ètnis saka Ukraina, mati amarga kaluwèn.<ref name="britannica">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/place/Ukraine/History#ref404577|title=The famine of 1932–33|work=Encyclopædia Britannica online|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123082312/http://www.britannica.com/place/Ukraine/History#ref404577|archive-date=23 Novèmber 2015|url-status=live|access-date=2 Novèmber 2015|quote=The Great Famine (Holodomor) of 1932–33 – a man-made demographic catastrophe unprecedented in peacetime. Of the estimated six to eight million people who died in the Soviet Union, about four to five million were Ukrainians&nbsp;... Its deliberate nature is underscored by the fact that no physical basis for famine existed in Ukraine&nbsp;... Soviet authorities set requisition quotas for Ukraine at an impossibly high level. Brigades of special agents were dispatched to Ukraine to assist in procurement, and homes were routinely searched and foodstuffs confiscated&nbsp;... The rural population was left with insufficient food to feed itself.}}</ref> Wiwit taun 2006, Holodomor diakoni déning [[Ukraina]]<ref name="zakon">{{cite web|url=http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/376-16|date=28 Novèmber 2006|work=rada.gov.ua|language=uk|script-title=uk:ЗАКОН УКРАЇНИ: Про Голодомор 1932–1933 років в Україні|trans-title=LAW OF UKRAINE: About the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503083223/http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/376-16|archive-date=3 Mèi 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=6 Mèi 2015}}</ref> lan 15 nagara liyané minangka prastawa panumpesan ([[genosida]]) kang dilakokaé déning pamaréntah Sovyèt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.holodomoreducation.org/news.php/news/4|title=International Recognition of the Holodomor|website=Holodomor Education|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231045936/http://www.holodomoreducation.org/news.php/news/4|archive-date=31 Dhésèmber 2015|url-status=live|access-date=26 Dhésèmber 2015}}</ref> Udakara 25.000 padunung désa mati saben dina utawa itungané 1,000 wong saben jam utawa 17 wong saben menit. Umur rata-rata padunung Ukraina ing taun 1933 iku 7,3 taun kanggo wong lanang lan 10,9 taun kanggo wong wadon, lan itungané ing bocah-bocah, siji saka saben telung wong mati. Acara iki padha gedhéné kaya prastawa "Holocaust" sing dilakokaké déning Adolf Hitler marang wong Yahudi ing Jerman. [[Gambar: HolodomorUcrania9.jpg|jmpl|center|300px|Korban Holodomor ing dalan menyang kutha Ukraina Kharkiv, 1932]] Para ahli sajarah saka Uni Sovyèt ngumpetaké kabèh bukti sing nuduhaké culikané nagara tirai wesi iku nalika njajah lan ngontrol Ukraina. Nanging ahli sajarah saka Inggris Robert Conquest ing bukuné ''" Harvest of Sorrow "'' njelasake acara kanthi jelas. == Siyasat kang digunakaké == [[Gambar:Holodomor World Recognition.svg|jmpl|center|300px|Peta negara sing ngakoni Holodomor minangka [[genosida]].]] Ing taun 1932, pamaréntah Uni Sovyèt netepaké dendha kanthi cara ngrampas gandum lan panganan liyané saka désa kang ora saguh ngebaki gunggung pangumpulan séréal lan prodhuk tetanèn kang kanthi sengaja ditetepaké dhuwur banget. Bisnis ritel dilarang ing wilayah padésan, nyebabaké petani ora bisa tuku roti kang dadi panganan utamané wong-wong ing kono. Pamaréntah netepaké sistem daftar ireng kang nyegah pangadolan samubarang kaya ta lenga tanah, korèk api lan barang liyane menyang wewengkon pertanian lan indhividhu minangka ukuman amarga ora bisa ngrampungaké pangiriman séréal kang nunggak.[[Gambar:HolodomorKharkiv 1933 Wienerberger.jpg|jmpl|center|300px|Korban keluwen saka kutha Kharkiv tahun 1933.]] == Rujukan == <references /> 6iojniyr8q2wciad4upf4uxkw2aflht Kundha Kabudayan (Ngayogyakarta) 0 160226 1760205 1606856 2026-11-06T07:26:58Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|-7.7984977|110.3841713|display=title}} Ing Ngayogyakarta, '''Kundha Kabudayan''' ([[basa Indonésia]]: ''Dinas Kebudayaan'') iku siji kundhaning pepréntahan kanthi wewengkoning jejibahan ana ing saambaning [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]] (DIY). Kundha Kabudayan kinepyakan ing tanggal [[26 Novèmber|26 Nopèmber]] [[1997]] kanthi pernahing kantoré ana ing wétaning lapangan kapatihan. Minangka kundhaning pepréntahan ing Ngayogyakarta, Kundha Kabudayan ancas ngurip-urip, ngreksa, lan ngrembakani asèt budaya ing Ngayogyakarta sarta yasa DIY minangka punjering budaya kanthi manéka gelaran budaya nasiyonal lan internasiyonal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://budaya.jogjaprov.go.id/?view=profil&kat=misi|title=Profil Dinas Kebudayaan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta: Misi|last=|first=|date=|website=budaya.jogjaprov.go.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423075303/http://budaya.jogjaprov.go.id/?view=profil&kat=misi|archive-date=2019-04-23|url-status=dead|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref> == Sajarah == Duk nguni, Kundha Kabudayan manunggal karo Kundha Wiyata (basa Indonésia: ''Dinas Pendidikan'') kanthi aran Kundha Wiyata lan Kabudayan DIY. Owah-owahan kalakon nalika babar Putusaning Gubernur DIY angka 353/KPTS/1994 rikala tanggal 26 Oktober 1994 bab Yasaning Kundha Kabudayan DIY. Kundha kang kawitané manunggal banjur pinaro dadi Kundha Kabudayan lan Kundha Wiyata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://budaya.jogjaprov.go.id/?view=profil&kat=sejarah|title=Profil Dinas Kebudayaan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta: Sejarah|last=|first=|date=|website=budaya.jogjaprov.go.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423075308/http://budaya.jogjaprov.go.id/?view=profil&kat=sejarah|archive-date=2019-04-23|url-status=dead|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} l21u3ln4oknn9sa0yeve6dtmtu1c3zn Gerardo Bianco 0 160232 1759972 1739930 2026-11-05T19:29:16Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]] | name = Gerardo Bianco | image = Gerardo Bianco.jpg | order = [[Italian People's Party (1994)|Secretary of the Italian People's Party]] | term_start = 1995 | term_end = 1997 | predecessor = [[Rocco Buttiglione]] | successor = [[Franco Marini]] | order2 = [[Italian People's Party (1994)|President of the Italian People's Party]] | term_start2 = 1997 | term_end2 = 1999 | predecessor2 = [[Giovanni Bianchi (politician)|Giovanni Bianchi]] | successor2 = | order3 = [[Italian Minister of Education]] | term_start3 = 1990 | term_end3 = 1991 | predecessor3 = [[Sergio Mattarella]] | successor3 = [[Riccardo Misasi]] | order4 = [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Member of the Chamber of Deputies]] | term_start4 = 1968 | term_end4 = 1994 | constituency4 = | term_start5 = 2001 | term_end5 = 2008 | constituency5 = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1931|9|12|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Guardia Lombardi]], [[Italy]] | alma_mater = | profession = [[Politician]], University professor | children = | spouse = | residence = | party = [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]] {{small|(until 1994)}} <br> [[Italian People's Party (1994)|People's Party]] {{small|(1994-2002)}} <br> Independent {{small|(2002-2004)}} <br> [[Popular Italy]] {{small|(2004-2008)}} <br> [[The Rose for Italy]] {{small|(2008)}} | religion = [[Katulik Roma]] |relations=[[Lucio Bianco]] (brother)}} '''Gerardo Bianco''' (lair 12 September 1931 ing Guardia Lombardi lan tilar 1 Dhésèmber 2022) iku sawijining pulitisi [[Itali]] . Dhèwèké lair ing Guardia Lombardi, Campania ing Itali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.svimez.info/12-sruttura/63-bianco|title=Bianco|last=|first=|date=|website=Associazione per lo sviluppo dell'industria nel Mezzogiorno|language=Italian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230043522/http://www.svimez.info/12-sruttura/63-bianco|archive-date=30 Dhésèmber 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=29 Dhésèmber 2017}}</ref> Ulih beasiswa ing Universitas Augustinianum Universitas Katolik Sacred Heart, lulus ing huruf klasik. Bianco wis dadi Wakil saka 1968 nganti 1994 lan saka 2001 nganti 2008, ketua Demokrasi Kristen ing Chamber saka 1979 nganti 1983 lan 1992-1994, Wakil Presiden Dewan Perwakilan saka 1987 nganti 1990 lan MEP wiwit 1994 nganti 1999. Dhèwèké uga njabat minangka Menteri Pendidikan ing Kabinet Andreotti VI . Ing taun 1995 dhèwèké nentang Sekretaris Partai Rakyat Rocco Buttiglione kanggo pendekatan ing tengah-tengah ing pamriksan pemilihan regional, nanging ora nolak keputusan kaputusan dening Déwan Nasional. Akhire, Bianco dipilih minangka Sekretaris PPI, nanging Buttiglione ngedegake partai anyar, Demokrat Kristen . Dhèwèké tetep dadi Sekretaris nganti 1997, taun dadi presiden PPI. Dhèwèké uga dadi direktur koran Il Popolo taun 1995 lan wiwit 1999 nganti 2000. Ing taun 2002 Bianco nentang pembubaran PPI menyang The Daisy, mula dhèwèké gabung karo partai anyar minangka independen. Ing taun 2004 dhèwèké ngedegaké gerakan Popular Itali, kanthi tujuan kanggo ngentasaké anané otonomi sing diatur kanggo umat Katolik demokratis ing [[Itali]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.europaquotidiano.it/2004/11/25/nasce-il-movimento-italia-popolare-luogopolitico-di-ascolto-del-cattolicesimo-democratico/ |title=Nasce il movimento “Italia popolare”. Luogo politico di ascolto del cattolicesimo democratico |access-date=2019-05-02 |archive-date=2020-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225143212/https://www.democratica.com/2004/11/25/nasce-il-movimento-italia-popolare-luogopolitico-di-ascolto-del-cattolicesimo-democratico/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ing taun 2008 dhèwèké ora gelem nggabungake Partai Demokrat lan gabung karo grup campuran. ==Réferènsi== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bianco, Gerardo}} [[Kategori:Lair 1931]] [[Kategori:Pati 2022]] [[Kategori:Pulitikus Itali]] 47ww4ck97rvriz1o0zdgc00rf7ankca Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku 0 160262 1760197 1731331 2026-11-06T07:13:01Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku | image = | imagesize = | alt = | caption = | director = Garin Nugroho | producer = Ifa Isfansyah | writer = Garin Nugroho | starring = [[Muhammad Khan]]<br>[[Raditya Evandra]] | music = | maintheme = | opentheme = | endtheme = | cinematography = | editing = | studio = Fourcolours<br>Go-Studio | distributor = | released = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[18 April]] [[2019]] | country = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]] | language = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]] | budget = | gross = | runtime = 106 menit | network = | preceded by = | followed by = | awards = }} '''''Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku''''' ya iku filem Indonesia taun 2019 kang ditulis lan distrudarai dening [[Garin Nugroho]]. Filem iki nyeritaake penari Lengger kang dadi gemblak warok ing tradisi klasik penari reog.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.medcom.id/hiburan/film/4baoVVJK-kisah-warok-dan-gemblak-dalam-film-terbaru-garin-nugroho |title=Kisah Warok dan Gemblak dalam Film Terbaru Garin Nugroho |publisher=medcom.id |date=7 Sèptèmber 2018 |accessdate=26 Maret 2019 }}</ref> Filem iki pisanan dimainake ing La Biennale Venezia 2018, filem iki nampilake pirang-pirang penghargaan nasional lan internasional, kalebu: 2018 Filem Terbaik lan Direktur Langsung 2018 - Majalah Tempo, lan Filem Terbaik ing Festival des 3 Continen, Nantes, Prancis. <ref name="rri">{{Cite web|url=http://rri.co.id/banten/post/berita/644667/gaya_hidup/mondo_gascaro_isi_soundtrack_film_kucumbu_tubuh_indahku.html|title=Mondo Gascaro Isi Soundtrack Film Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku|date=5 Maret 2019|publisher=rri.co.id|access-date=22 Maret 2019}}</ref> Sawise mubeng ing macem-macem Pameran Internasional wiwit agustus 2018, filem iki saiki dijadwalke kanggo siaran ing bioskop sak Indonesia negara ing tanggal 18 April 2019.<ref name="rri"/> == Ringkesan Crita == Filem kasebut nyritakake crita penari Lengger ing sawijining desa cilik ing Jawa kang jenenge Juno. Saka cilik Juno kapeksa urip dewe amarga bapake ninggalake dhèwèké, amarga kuii Juno gabung karo sanggar tari Lengger. Wiwit kuwi, Juno kudu urip pindhah-pindhah saka panggonan siji menyang papan liyane, saka desa siji menyang desa liyane. Nalika lelungan lan dadi dalan uripe, Juno enthuk gemati lan tresna saka wong-wong cerake. Ana guru tarine, biyunge kang bakul pithik, paklike kang tukang cukur, petinju, lan Warok. Kabeh pengalaman sing dilakoni nggawe Juno nduweni dalan urip sing ndadekake dhèwèké bisa mangerteni kaendahane gesang. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gorontalo.antaranews.com/berita/65711/film-kucumbu-tubuh-indahku-karya-garin-nugroho-segera-tayang|title=Film "Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku" Karya Garin Nugroho Segera Tayang|date=15 Fèbruari 2019|publisher=antaranews.com|access-date=26 Maret 2019}}</ref> == Kontroversi == Sawijining pangguna kang jenenge Rakhmi Mashita nganakake usulan supaya nolak filem ''Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku'' amarga dianggep mromosike LGBT. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hot.detik.com/movie/d-4522735/muncul-petisi-tolak-film-lgbt-kucumbu-tubuh-indahku|title=Muncul Petisi Tolak Film LGBT 'Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku'|last=Nugraha|website=detikhot|access-date=2019-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428031708/https://hot.detik.com/movie/d-4522735/muncul-petisi-tolak-film-lgbt-kucumbu-tubuh-indahku|archive-date=2019-04-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> papan komentar saka petalan video filem Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku ing YouTube dikebaki kritik lan komentar ala dening warga. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/hiburan/20190424194007-220-389364/kucumbu-tubuh-indahku-digoyang-kontroversi-lgbt|title='Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku' Digoyang Kontroversi LGBT|last=Tim|website=hiburan|language=en|access-date=2019-04-28}}</ref> Walikota Depok Idris Abdul Somad uga nglarang filem ''Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku'' ditayangke ing bioskop ing Depok. Dhèwèké nganggep filem kasebut ngemot unsur Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, lan Transgender (LGBT). Ing surat nomer 460/165-huk-DPAPMK tanggal 24 April 2019, dhèwèké takon marang KPI supaya ora nayangke meneh filem ''Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku''. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/sempat-tayang-di-bioskop-wali-kota-depok-larang-film-kucumbu-tubuh-indahku.html|title=Sempat Tayang di Bioskop, Wali Kota Depok Larang Film 'Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku'|last=Fauziah|first=Nur|website=merdeka.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-28}}</ref> Pernyataan Walikota Depok didhukung dening MUI Depok, sing nganggep filem kasebut ora sesuai karo norma-norma susila lan agama. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/846720/mui-depok-dukung-pelarangan-tayang-film-kucumbu-tubuh-indahku|title=MUI Depok dukung pelarangan tayang film kucumbu tubuh indahku|last=antaranews.com|website=Antara News|access-date=2019-04-28}}</ref> Perkara sing padha uga ditindakake dening Walikota Pontianak, Kalimantan Kulon, Edi Rusdi Kamtono, dhèwèké nganggep filem kasebut bisa nyebabake dampak ora apek marang masyarakat lan ora sesuai karo nilai-nilai agama. <ref>Cipta Hendra. "[https://regional.kompas.com/read/2019/04/27/13515131/wali-kota-pontianak-larang-penayangan-film-kucumbu-tubuh-indahku Wali Kota Pontianak Larang Penayangan Film "Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku" "]. ''Kompas.com''. Diakses 28-04-2019</ref> === Jawaban saka Garin Nugroho === Garin Nugroho, sutrardara filem ''Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku'', melu ngetoake swara babagan penolakan fileme kang kaping telu. Dhèwèké nyatakake penolakan kui sawijining bentuk wujud pangadilan tanpa wenehi ruang kanggo dialog utawa kanggo rerembugan ndipik. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seleb.tempo.co/read/1199220/kata-garin-nugroho-soal-petisi-penolakan-kucumbu-tubuh-indahku|title=Kata Garin Nugroho Soal Petisi Penolakan Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku|last=Hayati|first=Istiqomatul|date=2019-04-25|website=Tempo|language=en|access-date=2019-04-28}}</ref> Dhèwèké uga gela marang tindakan anarkisme tanpa proses rerembugan kang menurute dhèwèké bakal mateni pamikiran sing ombo lan ngancam karsane supaya bebas saka diskriminasi lan kekerasan ing demokrasi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/hiburan/20190425112703-220-389500/garin-jawab-kontroversi-lgbt-kucumbu-tubuh-indahku|title=Garin Jawab Kontroversi LGBT 'Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku'|website=hiburan|language=en|access-date=2019-04-28}}</ref> == Paraga == Ing ngisor iki paraga ing filem ''Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/lf-k019-18-949344_kucumbu-tubuh-indahku|title=Sinopsis Film Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku|publisher=filmindonesia.or.id|access-date=26 Maret 2019|archive-date=2019-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505112751/http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/lf-k019-18-949344_kucumbu-tubuh-indahku|url-status=dead}}</ref> : * Muhammad Khan minangka Junodari * Raditya Evandra minangka Juno cilik * Rianto minangka Penari * [[Sujiwo Tejo]] minangka Guru lengger * Teuku Rifnu Wikana minangka Bupati * [[Randy Pangalila]] minangka Boxer * Whani Darmawan minangka Warok * Quin Angelika minangka Bojo bupati * [[Endah Laras]] minangka Bulik Juno * Mbok Tun minangka anggota Dewan saka lengger * Cahwati minangka Penyanyi bupati * Fajar Suharno minangka Dwarven Juno * Dwi Windarti minangka Guru tari * Anneke Fitriani minangka Assistant bu bupati ==Anugrah== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" |- ! Anugrah ! width=50|Taun ! Kategori ! Panampa ! Asil |- | rowspan="7" | [[Festival Film Tempo 2018|Festival Film Tempo]] | rowspan="7" | 2018 | Film Pilihan Tempo | ''Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku'' | {{win}} |- | Sutradara Pilihan Tempo | Garin Nugroho | {{win}} |- | Skenario Pilihan Tempo | ''Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku'' | {{nom}} |- | Pemain Anak Pilihan Tempo | Raditya Evandra | {{nom}} |- | Aktris Pendukung Pilihan Tempo | Endah Laras | {{nom}} |- | Aktor Utama Pilihan Tempo | Mohammad Khan | {{nom}} |- | Aktor Pendukung Pilihan Tempo | Rianto | {{nom}} |- |- | rowspan="1" | [[Venice Independent Film Critic]] | rowspan="1" | 2018 | Bisato D’Oro Award 2018 | ''Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku'' | {{win}} |- | rowspan="1" | [[Festival Des 3 Continents]] | rowspan="1" | 2018 | Film Terbaik | ''Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku'' | {{win}} |- | rowspan="1" | [[Asia Pasific Screen Awards]] | rowspan="1" | 2018 | Cultural Diversity Award | ''Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku'' | {{win}} |} == Rujukan == {{Reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Kaca mawa pertalan kang durung kapriksa]] [[Kategori:Filem taun 2019]] dc9qhu15zl01g71yqkhq5dbxjtphozn Egbert 0 160528 1759928 1755484 2026-11-05T16:05:09Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | type = monarch | name = Egbert | image=Egbert.jpg | caption=Jeneng Egbert, diwaca Ecgbriht, seko taun 827 asale seko ''[[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]]'' | succession = [[Raja Wessex]] | reign = 802–839 | issue =[[Æthelwulf dari Wessex|Æthelwulf]] | date of birth=tahun 769 atau 771 | date of death = 839 | place of death = | place of burial = [[Winchester]] | predecessor = [[Beorhtric dari Wessex|Beorhtric]] | successor = [[Æthelwulf dari Wessex|Æthelwulf]] | house = [[Istana Wessex]] | father = [[Ealhmund dari Kent|Ealhmund]] }} '''Egbert''' (uga maca Ecgberht utawa Ecgbriht ) yaiku Raja [[Wessex]] saka taun 802 nganti 839. Bapake yaiku Ealhmund saka Kent . Ing 780 Egbert dipeksa dadi pengasingan dening Offa of Mercia lan Beorhtric saka Wessex, nanging nalika Beorhtric mati ing taun 802 Egbert bali lan munggah tahta. Kurang luwih 20 taun pisanan pemerintahan Egbert, nanging dianggep bisa ngatur kamardikan Wessex nglawan Kerajaan Mercia, sing nalika kuwi nguwasani kerajaan ing kidul Inggris. Ing 825 Egbert ngalahaké Beornwulf Mercia lan ngalahake Mercia Supremacy ing Perang Ellandun, lan nerusake ngontrol dependensi Mercia ing kidul -wétan Inggris. Ing taun 829 Egbert ngalahaké Wiglaf of Mercia lan nyebabake dheweke metu saka karajan, sementara langsung nguwasani Mercia. Mengko taun kuwi Egbert nampi pengajuan raja Northumbrian ing Dore, cedhak Sheffield . Ing Sejarah Anglo-Saxon pungkasanipun nggambarake Egbert minangka bretwalda, utawa "pimpinan Inggris." Egbert ora bisa njaga posisi dominan iki, lan sajrone Wiglaf wis entuk tahta Mercia. Nanging, Wessex njaga kontrol babagan Kent, Sussex lan Surrey; wilayah kasebut diwènèhaké marang putra Egbert Æthelwulf kanggo dadi raja ing Egbert. Nalika Egbert seda ing taun 839, Thelwulf nggantosaken piyambakipun; Krajaan kidul-wétan pungkasané diserap menyang karajan Wessex sawisé tiwasé elthelwulf taun 858. == Rujukan == ;Sumber kapisan * {{cite book|last= Swanton|first= Michael|title= The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle|url= https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonchroni0000unse_c2u1|year= 1996|location=New York|publisher= Routledge|isbn=0-415-92129-5}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190819014048/http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=find&type=charter&page=&archive=&kingdom=&king=Ecgberht+%28of+Wessex%29&sawyer=&text=&display=JUST_BLURB Egbert's charters] at Anglo-Saxons.net ;Sumber Keloro * {{cite book|last= Abels|first= Richard|title= Alfred the Great: War, Kingship and Culture in Anglo-Saxon England|year= 2005|publisher= Longman|isbn=0-582-04047-7}} * {{cite book|last= Campbell|first= James|title= The Anglo-Saxons|url= https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonspengu00unse|author2=Eric John & Patrick Wormald|year= 1991|location=London|publisher= Penguin Books|isbn=0-14-014395-5}} * {{cite book|last= Fletcher|first= Richard|title= Who's Who in Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxon England|url= https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinromanbr0000flet_m0l2|year= 1989|publisher= Shepheard-Walwyn|isbn=0-85683-089-5}} * {{cite book|last= Higham|first=N.J.|author2=Hill, D.H.|title= Edward the Elder|url= https://archive.org/details/edwardelder899920000unse|year= 2001|publisher= Routledge|isbn=0-415-21496-3)}} * {{cite book|last= Hunter Blair|first= Peter|title= Roman Britain and Early England: 55 B.C. - A.D. 871|url= https://archive.org/details/romanbritainearl0000hunt|year= 1966|publisher= W.W. Norton & Company|isbn=0-393-00361-2}} * {{cite book|last= Kirby|first= D.P.|title= The Earliest English Kings|url= https://archive.org/details/earliestenglishk0000dpki|year= 1992|location=London|publisher= Routledge|isbn=0-415-09086-5}} * {{cite book|last= Payton|first= Philip|title= Cornwall: A History|url= https://archive.org/details/cornwallhistory0000phil|year= 2004|publisher= Cornwall Editions|isbn=1-904880-00-2}} * {{cite book|last= Stenton|first= Frank M.|authorlink = Frank Stenton|title= Anglo-Saxon England|url= https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonenglan0003sten|year= 1971|location=Oxford|publisher= Clarendon Press|isbn=0-19-821716-1}} * {{cite book|last=Whitelock|first=Dorothy|title=English Historical Documents v.l. c.500–1042|year=1968|location=London|publisher=Eyre & Spottiswoode}} * {{cite book|last=Wormald|first=Patrick|author2=Bullough, D. and Collins, R.|title=Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society|url=https://archive.org/details/idealrealityinfr0000unse|year=1983|location=Oxford|isbn=0631126619}} * {{cite book|last= Yorke|first=Barbara|title= Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England|url= https://archive.org/details/kingskingdomsofe0000york_b9s8|year= 1990|location=London|publisher= Seaby|isbn=1-85264-027-8}} * {{cite book|last= Yorke|first=Barbara|title=Wessex in the Early Middle Ages|url= https://archive.org/details/wessexinearlymid0000york|year= 1995|location=London|publisher= Leicester University Press|isbn=0-7185-1856-X}} [[Kategori:Bangsawan Eropa]] 61s0ir4hm8l7oll54h4vgmz2gfc1udj Mile 22 0 160620 1760287 1747872 2026-11-06T11:45:07Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=Mile 22|image=|caption=|director=[[Peter Berg]]|producer={{Plainlist| * Peter Berg * [[Mark Wahlberg]] * Stephen Levinson }}|screenplay=[[Lea Carpenter]]|story={{Plainlist| * [[Graham Roland]] * Lea Carpenter }}|based on=|starring={{Plainlist| * Mark Wahlberg * [[John Malkovich]] * [[Lauren Cohan]] * [[Iko Uwais]] * [[Ronda Rousey]] }}|music=[[Jeff Russo]]|cinematography=Jacques Jouffret|editing={{Plainlist| * Colby Parker Jr. * Melissa Lawson Cheung }}|studio=[[STX Entertainment|STXfilms]]<br>[[Huayi Brothers]]|distributor=STXfilms|released={{Film date|2018|8|17|Amerika Serikat}}{{Film date|2018|8|21|Indonesia}}|runtime=|country=Amerika Serikat<br />Indonesia|language=Inggris|budget=|gross=}} '''''Mile 22''''' ngggih punika [[filem]] [[laga]] saking [[Amérikah Sarékat]] lan [[Indonesia]] ingkang dipundamel taun 2018. Filem punika kaarahaken déning [[Peter Berg]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mark-wahlberg-action-film-mile-22-gets-july-release-1084594|title=Mark Wahlberg Action Film 'Mile 22' Gets July Release|last1=Shanley|first1=Patrick|date=13 Fèbruari 2018|access-date=25 Fèbruari 2018|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Wondéné para juru paraga ingkang kapracaya maragani filem punika antawisipun [[Mark Wahlberg]], [[John Malkovich]], [[Lauren Cohan]], [[Iko Uwais]], lan [[Ronda Rousey]]. Filem punika kapirsan kaping pisan ing surya 17 Agustus 2018, dipunundur kalih peken saking wekdal ingkang sampun katetepaken sadèrèngipun, nggih punika surya 3 Agustus 2018. Nanging wonten Indonesia, filem punika kagiyaraken ing surya 21 Agustus 2018. == Juru paraga == * [[Mark Wahlberg]] minangka James Silva<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.joblo.com/movie-news/check-out-the-first-images-and-poster-for-mark-wahlberg-s-mile-22-135|title=Check out the first images and poster for Mark Wahlberg's Mile 22|website=joblo.com|access-date=7 Mèi 2018}}</ref> * [[John Malkovich]] minangka uskup * [[Lauren Cohan]] minangka Alice Kerr<ref name="Cast">{{cite news|url=http://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/mile-22/273474/mile-22-trailer-release-date-cast-story-details-and-set-visit|title=''Mile 22'' Trailer, Release Date, Cast, Story Details, and Set Visit|last=Crow|first=David|date=28 Juni 2018|accessdate=2 Juli 2018|website=[[Den of Geek]]|archive-date=2018-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628203544/http://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/mile-22/273474/mile-22-trailer-release-date-cast-story-details-and-set-visit|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Iko Uwais]] minangka Li Noor<ref name="Cast" /> * [[Ronda Rousey]] minangka Sam Snow<ref name="Cast" /> * [[Nikolai Nikolaeff]] minangka Alexander * [[Carlo Alban]] minangka Douglas * [[Terry Kinney]] * [[Poorna Jagannathan]] * [[CL (penyanyi)]] (CL) minangka Queen<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3048287 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2019-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923181635/https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3048287 |archive-date=2021-09-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Panggiyaran == Film punika sejatosipun badhé dipungiyaraken ing surya 3 Agustus 2018,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hiburan.metrotvnews.com/film/5b2VqQ2b-film-hollywood-iko-uwais-tayang-3-agustus-2018|title=Film "Hollywood" Iko Uwais Tayang 3 Agustus 2018|last=Rura|first=Cecylia|date=16 Mèi 2018|accessdate=19 Juli 2018|website=Metro TV News|archive-date=2018-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719083953/http://hiburan.metrotvnews.com/film/5b2VqQ2b-film-hollywood-iko-uwais-tayang-3-agustus-2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> nanging pungkasanipun dipunundur kalih peken saking wekdal ingkang sampun katetepaken, dumugi Dinten Kamardikan Republik Indonesia 17 Agustus.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.viva.co.id/showbiz/film/1049507-aksi-berdarah-darah-iko-uwais-di-trailer-kedua-film-mile-22|title=Aksi Berdarah-darah Iko Uwais di Trailer Kedua Film Mile 22|author=Zahrotustianah|date=30 Juni 2018|accessdate=19 Juli 2018|website=Viva}}</ref> Lajeng, wonten Indonesia, filem dipunundur malih dumugi surya 21 Agustus 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hiburan.metrotvnews.com/film/DkqL97Zb-mile-22-film-terbaru-iko-uwais-rilis-di-indonesia-21-agustus|title=Mile 22, Film Terbaru Iko Uwais Rilis di Indonesia 21 Agustus|last=Wirastama|first=Purba|date=16 Agustus 2018|accessdate=20 Agustus 2018|website=Metro TV News|archive-date=2018-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820062150/http://hiburan.metrotvnews.com/film/DkqL97Zb-mile-22-film-terbaru-iko-uwais-rilis-di-indonesia-21-agustus|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Lembaga Sensor Film]] nggolongaken bilih filem punika saget dipunpirsani para pamirsa wiwit yuswa pitulas taun.<ref>[http://lsf.go.id/publik/daftar Daftar Sensor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422034351/http://lsf.go.id/publik/daftar |date=2018-04-22 }}. Lembaga Sensor Film. 8 Agustus 2018. Diakses 20 Agustus 2018. Petunjuk: Ketik "Mile 22" pada kolom "Judul", klik "Tampilkan", kemudian klik tombol bergambar kertas yang terletak di sebelah kanan untuk mengetahui keputusan lengkap.</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala njawi == * {{IMDb title|4560436}} * {{Metacritic film|mile-22|Mile 22}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|mile_22|Mile 22}} * {{Mojo title|mile22|Mile 22}} [[Kategori:Filem Amérikah Sarékat taun 2018]] [[Kategori:Filem Amérikah Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Filem ingkang mundhut latar Indonesia]] mg00s9xt2ginc82upebsbfjyglm49i4 Marchèlla Fèbritrisia Putri 0 160971 1760259 1730623 2026-11-06T10:19:25Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Artikel ing krama}} '''Marchèlla Fèbritrisia Putri''' (miyos ing [[16]] [[Fèbruari]] [[1990]]) inggih menika salah satunggaling panyerat [[buku]] ingkang ''bèst sèllèr''. Piyambakipun langkung dipuntepangi minangka Marchèlla F.P, sakmenika alumni Jurusan Desain Komunikasi Visual ing Univèrsitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. Buku ingkang sampun dipunterbitaken inggih punika buku ''Generasi 90an'', ''Diary Suka-Suka Generas''i, ''Generasi 90an: Anak Kemaren Sore'' ([[Oktober]] [[2015]]), ''Nanti Kita Cerita Tentang Hari Ini'' (NKCTHI), ''Kamu Terlalu Banyak Bercanda'' (KTBB), ingkang katiganipun dados buku ingkang dipunincer déning para kawula masarakat.<ref>http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/downloadfile/154532/potongan/S2-2018-371680-introduction.pdf</ref> == Kauripan saha Karir == Marchella F.P anggenipun nyerat sampun kawiwitan saking ide nalika ndamel tugas akhir minangka dados sarat kagem lulus kuliah. Buku kaping sepindhah ingkang dipunserat Marchella inggih punika ''Generasi 90an'' ingkang sampun terbit ing wulan [[Januari]] 2013. Piyambakipun boten namung kèndel ngantos samanten, ananging Marcélla tansah nglanjutaken anggénipun nyerat. Wonten ing taun 2013 ngantos [[2015]], piyambakipun inggih nerbitaken buku malih inggih punika ''Diary Suka-Suka Generasi 90an'' ([[Juli]] 2013) dan ''Generasi 90an: Anak Kemaren Sore'' (Oktober [[2015]]). Wonten ing buku ''Generasi 90an'', sakmenika Marchélla damel kanthi surasanipun gambar-gambar saha babagan karemenan ingkang katepangan wonten ing taun 1990, kawiwitan saking tontonan, lagu, ''fesyen'',buku lan dolanan. Ing buku ''Diary Suka-Suka Generasi 90an'', dipuncariyosaken ide ingkang sepindhah anggenipun damel buku ''Generasi 90an''. Buku ingkang dipundamel Marchélla punika sejatosipun kagem kapreluan tugas akhiripun. Pramila saking menika piyambakipun ngempalaken data kanthi cara nyebaraken kuèsionèr, wawanrembug, pangempalan majalah bekas saha sumber-sumber ingkang gadhah sesambetan kaliyan tugasipun. Damel akun ''Twitter'' dados salah satunggaling cara kagem nyugihaken data ingkang dipunprelokaken. Sanesipun ancas damel akun punika kagem mbangun tetalèn kaliyan calon pamaos kanthi cara liwat medsos kagem mangertosi surasa punapa ingkang dadosaken bukunipun punika saged dados karemenanipun pamaos.<ref>https://edukasi.kompas.com/read/2019/02/01/19404161/penulis-milenial-dan-upaya-melawan-mati-kutu-industri-buku?page=2.</ref> Mila boten namung buku kémawon, ananging uga wonnten akun Generasi 90an, Nanti Kita Cerita Tentang Hari Ini (NKCTHI), Kamu Terlalu Banyak Bercanda (KTBB), wonten ing sapérangan media sosial kados ''[[Twitter]], [[Instagram]], [[Facebook]] dan Line@.'' Nalikanipun tugas akhir sampun pungkas, Generasi 90an dereng pungkas. Para ''follower'' ing Twitter nyuwun Marchélla supados nerbitaken buku. Ingkang wiwitanipun Marchella naté dipuntulak déning kalih panerbit saha naté mutusaken kagem nerbitaken buku kanthi piyambakan, ananging sakmenika Panerbit Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia (KPG) rawuh saha nawaraken makarya sesarengan kagem nerbitaken buku. Sakmenika Marchélla anggadhahi tiga usaha ingkang dipunopèni inggih punika ''Ni Studio, Playground'' saha ''Proud to Post It.'' ''Ni Studio'' inggih punika ''studio kreatif desain grafis'', sarta ''Playground'' minangka pabrik media ingkang ngurusi babagan ingkang sesambetan kaliyan ''Generasi 90an'', wiwit saking buku, pangelolaan mèdia sosial, adicara ngantos konsultan branding. Saha pungkasanipun, ''Proud To Post It'' inggih punika pabrik ''e-commerce'' ingkang nyadé ''officialmerchandise Generasi 90an''. Ingkang angka tiga pabrik punika wonten ing ngandhapipun PT. Kebahagiaan Itu Sederhana. Bathi ingkang dipuntampa déning Marchella, boten namung saking royalti buku. Akun-akun media sosial ingkang piyambakipun damel kalamben ingkang nggadhahi ''follower'' ngantos atusan ewu, mliginipun ing Instagram. Sanesipun ngenani babagan punika, uga wonten produk saking ''Proud To Post It'' ingkang nyaosi kasil ingkang ageng kagem Marchélla. Marchélla ugi nindakaken kinten-kinten proyèk “''Si Komo Reborn''” saha ''webtoon'' wonten ing ''Ciayo Comics'' (''ciayo.com''). Kasil ingkang sampu dipungayuh déning Marchélla F.P boten saged ical saking papan pagesanganipun. Kawiwitan saking kabiasaan Marchélla, ingkang saged dipunpadosi saking sajarah gesang piyambaipun. Kepripun Marchélla saged angsal idé ngenani ''Generasi 90an'' punika boten saged ical kaliyan mangsa alitipun Marchélla uga papan pergaulannipun. Kasuksèsanipun boten mandheg ngantos samanten. Piyambakipun nyerat buku malih ingkang irah-irahanipun ''Nanti Kita Cerita Tentang Hari Ini'' (NKCTHI) ing wulan [[Oktober]] [[2018]]. [[Buku]] punika dados buku ingkang best seller, ugi namung ing wektu 10 [[menit]], 5 ewu buku Marchella F.P telas kasade. Miturut pamanggihipun Marchélla, tapak digital sakedhik-sakedhik saged ical, ananging tapat literasi punika tansah wonten ugi tansah kasimpen. Babagan punika ingkang dados pamanggihipun Marchélla kagem damel buku ingkang nggadhahi konsèp ''mental health''. Miturut Marchélla, ngimbangaken antawis karya kaliyan bisnis punika boten prakara ingkang gampil. Ananging, babagan punika sampun dados tugasipun Marchélla kagem nindakaken kekalihipun. Kekarepipun Marchélla kagem damel karya saha pabrik ingkang impactful sampun kasembadan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.idntimes.com/life/women/rully-bunga/perjuangan-marchella-fp/full |title=Archive copy |access-date=2019-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514150414/https://www.idntimes.com/life/women/rully-bunga/perjuangan-marchella-fp/full |archive-date=2019-05-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Buku == * Generasi 90an ing taun 2013 * Diary Suka-Suka Generasi ing taun 2013 * Generasi 90an: Anak Kemaren ing taun 2015 * Nanti Kita Cerita Tentang Hari Ini (NKCTHI) ing taun 2018 * Kamu Terlalu Banyak Bercanda (KTBB) ing taun 2019 == Pabrik == * Ni Studio * Playground * Proud to Post It == Rujukan == is7ecd1zrclxq81hrleoq2rd43yr12u Henry Jufri 0 161034 1760022 1723343 2026-11-05T21:43:01Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760022 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henry Jufri''' yaiku pangembang gim lan aplikasi. Dhèwèké lair ana ing [[Kutha Makassar|Makasar]], 20 September 1982.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kompas.id/baca/tokoh/sosok/2018/04/26/henry-jufri-balada-si-kuli-aplikasi/|title=Henry Jufri, Balada Si “Kuli” Aplikasi|last=kompas.id|date=2018-04-26|website=Kompas.Id|language=id|access-date=2019-05-15|archive-date=2019-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515074642/https://kompas.id/baca/tokoh/sosok/2018/04/26/henry-jufri-balada-si-kuli-aplikasi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sadurunge dadi pangembang gim lan aplikasi dhèwèké dadi tukang ider buku keliling, uga tau dadi TKI lan uga dadi kuli panggul ing pelabuhan, saiki wis akeh karya-karyane seka ngembangake gim lan aplikasi kui mau. Henry Jufri duweni pegawe cacah sanga dumadi saka keluargane dhewe lan kanca-kancane. Panggonan kanggo ngembangake gim lan aplikasi isa diarani prasaja amarga amung 3 meter x 3 meter, kamangka iku manggon ning teras ngarep ruang tamu sing dirobah dadi panggonan kanggo kerja, dhèwèké mapan ana ing Dalan [[Sabutung Baru]], Paotere, Makasar, [[Sulawesi Kidul|Sulawesi Selatan]]. Henry dhewe dadi ketua tim lan uga pangarsa, pambimbing lan uga sing dituake. Henry dhewe sekolah amung tekan kelas 4 SD mula kabèh wiwit dhèwèké lan pegawene iku sinau wiwit nol tegese ora tau utawa urung ngerti bab ngopraseke komputer. Ananging nadyanta Henry anggone sinau seka nol dhèwèké isa entuk penghargaan lan sertifikat amarga prestasine ing bab pangembangan gim lan aplikasi. Dhèwèké uga bisa entuk penghasilan seka keahliane iki yaiku 100 dolar [[Amérikah Sarékat|Amerika]] utawa 100 yuta saben sas KUGONZA HEN RY ne.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fakta.news/sosok/henry-jufri-pembuat-gim-aplikasi|title=Mantan Kuli Panggul yang Jadi Spesialis Pembuat Gim dan Aplikasi|last=FaktaNews|date=2018-09-10|website=Fakta News|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515074644/https://fakta.news/sosok/henry-jufri-pembuat-gim-aplikasi|archive-date=2019-05-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ngelingi yen Henry Jufri iku tau muspro anggone nyambut gawe dadi dhèwèké ngerti gim karo aplikasi ora kok dinggo dolanan nanging malah dikembangake kanggo terobosan anyar. Saliyane ngembangake aplikasi sing isa diconto uga ana bab sing uga pantes diconto seka Henry yaiku sanadyan pengahsilan saben wulan iku nganti 100 yuta dhèwèké tetep prasaja lan dhèwèké uga isih gelem nerusna gaweyan sing tau muspro yaiku dadi buruh ana ing pelabuhan Makasar<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://makassar.terkini.id/penghasilan-rp-100-juta-per-bulan-resolusi-henry-tetap-jadi-kuli-panggul/|title=Penghasilan Rp 100 juta per bulan, Resolusi Henry tetap jadi kuli panggul|last=Yunus|first=Muhammad|date=2017-01-02|website=Makassar Terkini|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-05-15}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Gim lan Aplikasi == taun kang pungkasan iki, ing ruang tamu iku Henry miwiti kegiatan dadi pangembang gim lan aplikasi. Wis maneka warna gim sing tau dinggo karo Henry yaiku Mbedhek Gambar, King Arthur, Unyil The Adventure, lan atusan gim liyane. Dhèwèké uga nggawe aplikasi kanggo Ingsabiyantu bocah-bocah sinau maca, sinau bab kawruh kewan, lan maneka warna ragam aplikasi liyane. Dhèwèké saiki memba dadi salah sawijining produsen gim lan aplikasi sing produktif. Apa sing dikarepake wis bisa gawe wong-wong gumun. Apa maneh yenta wong-wong ngerti yen dhèwèké iku nempuh pendidikan mung tekan kelas 4 SD. Henry kalebu wong sing mayan pinter cerita nganggo logika sing urut. Iki amarga dhèwèké wis biasa gawe aplikasi nganggo urutan sing rigid. Dhèwèké uga wis bola-bali tampil ning sawernaning media. Wawancara udu salah sawijining bab sing aeng tumrape Henry. Dhèwèké ora wedi ngenei ceramah ana ing forum resmi, dadi jubir ning kampus-kampus. == Kauripan == Lelabuhane Henry nganti titik iki diwiwiti seka kelas 4 SD, nalik Henry isih cilik kudu mandheg sekolah amarga faktor biyaya lan keluargane. Anak nomer loro seka patang kadang iki mikul bebane kaluarga amarga dadi bocah lanang sing dituake. Dhèwèké akhire milih golek dhuwit nganggo ngewangi pak dhene dodolan buku nyang instansi-instansi [[Pamaréntah Indonésia|pamarentah]]. Panggaweyan iki dhèwèké lakoni sasuwene limang taun, seka 1994 nganti 1999. Nalika taun 2002, balik menyang Makasar. Ning kampunge, dhèwèké ora duwe apa-apa sing bisa diandelake kanggo golek dhuwit saliyane tenaga. Dhèwèké uga melu dadi kuli panggul ning [[Plabuhan|Pelabuhan]] Soekarno-Hatta, Makasar sing ora adoh seka omahe. Dhèwèké menyambut gawe saben ndina seka esuk teka sore kepara nganti wengi. Kamangka, asile kerjane ora mesthi. Isa Rp 20.000 sedina, bisa Rp. 100.000 yen pelabuhan lagi rame. Nganti taun 2012, nalika warnete  lagi rame-ramene, Henry gumun ndelok enom-tuwa, nganti bocah-bocah padha kumpul ning warnet cedhak omahe. Dhèwèké akhire mlebu lan nggumun delok canggihe internet, utamane mesin Google. Nalika iku, dhèwèké dadi pengunjung tetep warnet. Nalika bali seka pelabuhan, dhèwèké nglegakake menyang warnet iku. Dhèwèké sinau nganggo komputer lan nlateni fungsine mesin kanggo goleki sawernaning bab. Dhèwèké mulai nyisihake asile kerja kanggo dolan nyang warnet, tuku buku elektronik karo sinau nggawe blog. Ing taun sing padha, dhèwèké wiwit sinau bab jagading gim liwat komunikasi utawa tutorial ning internet. Sabubare iku dhèwèké molai gawe gim nganggo modal laptop kang prasaja. Gim pisanan sing dhèwèké gawe yaiku mbedhek gambar artis ing Android. Seka gim siji sing wis gagal, dhewke banjur gawe atusan gim lan aplikasi liyane. Seka kui dhèwèké entuk dhuwit, seka Rp 2 yuta, Rp 16 yuta, nganti tau nganti atusan yuta saben pemrograman lan bab-bab liyane sing ana sambung rapete karo jagad digital. Ilmu sing wis disinaoni, dhèwèké ajarke marang cah-cah enom ning sakupengane. Dhèwèké ngaku duwe pepinginan gedhe, yaiku gawe Kampung Digital, ning kono wong-wong sekampung ngerti marang jagad digital, uga isa entuk untung seka kono. == Rujukan == <references /> h0n4qh2bamupy3rrmf0x3ewlvs3mmwc Fun Size 0 161074 1759960 1746592 2026-11-05T18:16:08Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = Fun Size | image = Fun_Size_poster.jpg | caption = Poster resmi | director = [[Josh Schwartz]] | producer = {{plainlist| * [[Stephanie Savage]] * Josh Schwartz * Bard Dorros * David Kanter }} | writer = Max Werner | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Victoria Justice]] * [[Jane Levy]] * [[Thomas Mann (aktor)|Thomas Mann]] * [[Thomas Middleditch]] * [[Jackson Nicoll]] * [[Chelsea Handler]] * [[Thomas McDonell]] * [[Riki Lindhome]] * [[Osric Chau]] }} | music = [[Deborah Lurie]] | cinematography = Yaron Orbach | editing = Michael L. Sale | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Nickelodeon Movies]] * [[Anonymous Content]] * [[Fake Empire Productions]] }} | distributor = [[Paramount Pictures]] | released = {{Film date|2012|10|26}} | runtime = 86 Menit | country = Amerika Serikat | language = Inggris | budget = $14 Juta<ref name="boxofficemojo">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=funsize.htm |title=Fun Size (2012) - Box Office Mojo |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=October 26, 2012 | accessdate=February 28, 2015}}</ref> | gross = $11.4 Juta<ref name="boxofficemojo"/> }} '''''Fun Size''''' nggih punika [[film]] [[sandiwara]] [[komedi]] [[remaja]] saking [[Amerika Serikat|Amérikah Sarékat]] taun [[2012]]. Filem punika kaarahaken déning [[Josh Schwartz]]. Panganggit skénario ing filem punika kapasrahaken dhumateng Max Werner. Wondéné Stephanie Savage sesarengan kaliyan Jodh Schwarts, Bart Dorrs, David, lan Kanter ngayahi jejibahan minangka juru damel. Para juru paraga ingkang kadhapuk ing filem punika antawisipun [[Victoria Justice]], [[Jane Levy]], [[Thomas Mann]], [[Thomas McDonell]], [[Jackson Nicoll]], lan [[Osric Chau]]. Fun Size dipunbabar ing surya [[26 Oktober]] [[2012]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nickelodeon Set To Release Its First American PG-13 Feature|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/374410/nickelodeon-set-to-release-its-first-american-pg-13-feature/|access-date=1 Novèmber 2012|date=24 Oktober 2012|archive-date=2019-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220002722/https://www.inquisitr.com/374410/nickelodeon-set-to-release-its-first-american-pg-13-feature/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=O'Connor, Clint|date=October 21, 2012|title=&nbsp;'Fun Size': Cleveland gets its close-up in new comedy starring Victoria Justice|url=http://www.cleveland.com/moviebuff/index.ssf/2012/10/fun_size_cleveland_gets_its_cl.html|work=[[The Plain Dealer|Cleveland.com]]|publisher=Cleveland Live LLC|accessdate=October 21, 2012|quote=... we see downtown, the skyline, the majesty of the lake, the beauty and character of neighborhoods in Lakewood, Cleveland Heights and Beachwood and the rumpled urban charm of Collinwood, among other locales.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=staff|title=Chelsea Handler In 'Fun Size': Actress In Talks For Nickelodeon Comedy|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/16/chelsea-handler-in-fun-size_n_877918.html|accessdate=June 16, 2011|newspaper=[[Huffington Post]]|date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Victoria Justice remembers Halloween |url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/victoria-justice-remembers-halloween-1.4126210 |authorlink=Frank Lovece |first=Frank |last=Lovece |date=October 17, 2012 |accessdate=October 18, 2012 |work=[[Newsday]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BVsqcCY1?url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/victoria-justice-remembers-halloween-1.4126210 |archivedate=October 18, 2012 |url-status=dead |df= }}</ref> == Juru paraga == * [[Victoria Justice]] minangka Wren DeSantis * [[Jane Levy]] minangka April Martin * [[Thomas Mann (aktor)|Thomas Mann]] minangka Roosevelt Leroux * [[Thomas McDonell]] minangka Aaron Riley * [[Jackson Nicoll]] minangka Albert "Spidey" DeSantis * [[Chelsea Handler]] minangka Joy DeSantis * [[Osric Chau]] minangka Peng * [[Riki Lindhome]] minangka Denise * [[Josh Pence]] minangka Keevin * [[Johnny Knoxville]] minangka Jörgen * [[Abby Elliott]] minangka Lara * [[Thomas Middleditch]] minangka Manuel "Fuzzy" * [[Ana Gasteyer]] minangka Jackie Leroux * [[Kerri Kenney-Silver]] minangka Barb Leroux * Patrick de Ledebur minangka Mike Puglio * [[Holmes Osborne]] minangka Mr. Brueder * Annie Fitzpatrick minangka Mrs. Brueder * James Pumphrey minangka Nate Brueder * [[Peter Navy Tuiasosopo]] minangka Mr. Mahani * Cooper Ross minangka Dokter Zombie == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njawi == {{Portal|Film}} * {{Official website|http://www.paramount.com/funsize/}} * {{IMDb title|1663143}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|fun_size}} * {{Mojo title|funsize}} [[Kategori:Film Amerika Serikat tahun 2012]] hj5od48t5lp4waih7ag9hoznyavzgac Looper (film) 0 161097 1760245 1757651 2026-11-06T09:23:02Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=Looper|image=Looper poster.jpg|alt=<!-- see WP:ALT -->|caption=|director=[[Rian Johnson]]|producer={{Plainlist| *Ram Bergman *[[James D. Stern]] }}|writer=Rian Johnson|starring={{Plainlist|<!--per billing block--> *[[Bruce Willis]] *[[Joseph Gordon-Levitt]] *[[Emily Blunt]] *[[Paul Dano]] *[[Noah Segan]] *[[Piper Perabo]] *[[Jeff Daniels]]}}|music=[[Nathan Johnson (pemusik)|Nathan Johnson]]|cinematography=Steve Yedlin|editing=[[Bob Ducsay]]|studio={{Plainlist| *[[FilmDistrict]] *Endgame Entertainment *DMG Entertainment }}|distributor={{Plainlist| *[[TriStar Pictures]] *[[Alliance Films]] }}|released={{Film date|2012|9|6|[[Festival Film Internasional Toronto 2012|TIFF]]|2012|9|28|Amerika Serikat}}|runtime=118 menit<ref>[http://www.bbfc.co.uk/AFF289903/ "Looper"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029013444/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/AFF289903/ |date=2012-10-29 }}. British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved September 29, 2012.</ref>|country={{USA}}|language=Inggris|budget=$30.000.000<ref>Kaufman, Amy (27 September 2012). [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-box-office-hotel-transylvania-wont-looper-20120927,0,1253379.story "Animated 'Hotel Transylvania' to scare off 'Looper'"]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''.</ref>|gross=$166.521.158<ref>{{cite web|title=Looper|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=loopers.htm|publisher=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=January 6, 2013}}</ref>}} '''''Looper''''' nggih punika [[filem]] laga fiksi ilmiyah saking [[Amerika Serikat|Amérikah Sarékat]] taun [[2012]]. Filem punika kaarahaken déning [[Rian Johnson]]. Piyambakipun ugi ngrangkep minangka panganggit skénario. Ram bergman lan James D. Stem ngayahi jejibahan minangka juru damel. Wondéné tanggel jawab babagan musik kapasrahaken dhumateng Nathan Johnson, lan sinematografi dhumateng Steve Yedin. Juru paraga ingkang kadhapuk sami maragani antawisipun [[Bruce Willis]], [[Joseph Gordon-Levitt]], lan [[Emily Blunt]]. ''Looper'' kapilih minangka filem pambuka wonten adicara [[Festival Film Internasional Toronto 2012]]. Filem punika pikantuk pangalembana saking para juru kritik. Looper kababr ing [[Australia]] surya 27 September 2012,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://movies.mmgn.com/Movies/Looper|title=Australians to see Looper a day before the rest of the world|date=August 7, 2012|accessdate=August 16, 2012|archive-date=November 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103190436/http://movies.mmgn.com/Movies/Looper|url-status=dead}}</ref> lan [[Amerika Serikat|Amérikah Sarékat]] lan [[Britania Raya]] surya 28 September 2012 déning [[TriStar Pictures]] lan [[Alliance Films]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.movieweb.com/news/looper-sets-september-2012-release-date|title=US Release Date|date=June 9, 2012|accessdate=June 14, 2012|archive-date=March 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323141458/http://www.movieweb.com/news/looper-sets-september-2012-release-date|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pissedoffgeek.com/?p=5713|title=UK Release Date|date=June 27, 2012|accessdate=June 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224101714/http://www.pissedoffgeek.com/?p=5713|archive-date=December 24, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Juru paraga == * [[Joseph Gordon-Levitt]] minangka Joe Simmons, 25 taun * [[Bruce Willis]] minangka Joe Simmons (Tua), 55 taun * [[Emily Blunt]] minangka Sara Rollins * [[Paul Dano]] minangka Seth Richards * [[Noah Segan]] minangka Kid Blue * [[Piper Perabo]] minangka Suzie * [[Jeff Daniels]] minangka Abe * [[Pierce Gagnon]] minangka Cid Harrington * [[Xu Qing]] minangka Istri Joe Tua * [[Tracie Thoms]] minangka Beatrix * Frank Brennan minangka Seth Richards Tua * [[Garret Dillahunt]] minangka Jesse Goldhar * [[Nick Gomez]] minangka Dale Walters * Marcus Hester minangka Zach Henderson * Dikran Tulaine minangka Petugas Timothy Kennedy == Bebungah lan nominasi == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Pasanggiri !Nominasi !Kasil |- |[[National Board of Review Award untuk Skenario Asli Terbaik]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/12/national-board-of-review-2012-winners-zero-dark-thirty/|title=National Board Of Review Best Film: 'Zero Dark Thirty'|date=December 5, 2012|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|accessdate=December 5, 2012}}</ref> |[[Rian Johnson]] | {{won}} |- |[[Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award untuk Skenario Asli Terbaik]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wafca.com/awards/|title=The 2012 WAFCA Award Nominees|accessdate=9 December 2012}}</ref> |Rian Johnson | {{Won}} |- |[[Broadcast Film Critics Association Award untuk Skenario Terbaik]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.criticschoice.com/movie-awards/|title=The 18th Critics' Choice Movie Awards nominees|date=|publisher=[[Broadcast Film Critics Association]]|accessdate=12 December 2012|archive-date=8 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808022923/http://www.criticschoice.com/movie-awards/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Rian Johnson | {{nom}} |- |Broadcast Film Critics Association Award untuk Aktris Terbaik dalam Film Aksi |[[Emily Blunt]] | {{nom}} |- |Broadcast Film Critics Association Award untuk Aktor Terbaik dalam Film Aksi |[[Joseph Gordon-Levitt]] | {{nom}} |- |[[Broadcast Film Critics Association Award untuk Film Aksi Terbaik]] | | {{nom}} |- |Broadcast Film Critics Association Award untuk Film Fiksi Ilmiah/Horror Terbaik | | {{Won}}<ref>{{cite web |publisher=BFCA |url=http://www.criticschoice.com/movie-awards/ |title=Critics’ Choice Movie Awards |date=January 10, 2013 |access-date=May 16, 2019 |archive-date=August 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808022923/http://www.criticschoice.com/movie-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award untuk Skenario Terbaik]] |Rian Johnson | {{Won}} |- |[[Chicago Film Critics Association Award untuk Skenario Asli Terbaik]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagofilmcritics.org/News/90-qthe-masterq-leads-cfca-awards-with-10-nominations|title="The Master" rules 2012 CFCA Awards with 10 Nominations|date=2012-12-14|publisher=CFCA|accessdate=14 December 2012|archive-date=2013-01-12|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20130112200623/http://www.chicagofilmcritics.org/News/90-qthe-masterq-leads-cfca-awards-with-10-nominations|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Rian Johnson | {{nom}} |- |[[Chicago Film Critics Association Award untuk Aktris Pendukung Terbaik]] |Emily Blunt | {{nom}} |- |[[Writers Guild of America Award untuk Skenario Asli Terbaik]] |Rian Johnson |{{Pending}} |- |Skenario Asli Terbaik di [[Houston Film Critics Society]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awardsdaily.com/blog/2012/12/15/lincoln-leads-houston-film-critic-society-awards-with-eight-nominations/|title=Lincoln leads Houston Film Critic Society Awards with eight nominations Nominees|accessdate=17 December 2012}}</ref> |Rian Johnson | {{nom}} |- |Skenario Asli Terbaik di [[Austin Film Critics Association]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austinfilmcritics.org/|title=Austin Film Critics Association|accessdate=28 December 2012|archive-date=27 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927040910/https://austinfilmcritics.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Rian Johnson | {{Won}} |- |Skenario Asli Terbaik di [[Florida Film Critics Circle]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.floridafilmcriticscircle.webs.com/|title=Florida Film Critics Circle|accessdate=28 December 2012|archive-date=21 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221034244/http://floridafilmcriticscircle.webs.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Rian Johnson | {{Won}} |- |Skenario Asli Terbaik di [[Online Film Critics Society]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ofcs.org/|title=Online Film Critics Society|accessdate=28 December 2012}}</ref> |Rian Johnson |{{Pending}} |- |Skenario Asli Terbaik di [[Utah Film Critics Association]] |Rian Johnson | {{nom}} |- |} == Wacana sanèsipun == * "Payback Time" oleh Iain Stasukevich, majalah ''[[American Cinematographer]]'' Vol. 93, No. 10; Oktober 2012, ISSN 0002-7928, Hollywood, California; halaman 64–70, 72-75. == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * {{Official website|http://www.loopermovie.com/}} * {{IMDb title|1276104|Looper}} * {{AllRovi title|470230|Looper}} * {{Mojo title|loopers|Looper}} * {{Metacritic film|looper|Looper}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|looper|Looper}} * [http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Looper ''Looper''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004151901/http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Looper |date=2012-10-04 }} di The Numbers {{DEFAULTSORT:Looper}} [[Kategori:Film Amerika Serikat tahun 2012]] [[Kategori:Film aksi laga Amerika Serikat]] [[Kategori:Film fiksi ilmiah Amerika Serikat]] [[Kategori:Film tech noir]] [[Kategori:Film Distopia]] [[Kategori:Film TriStar Pictures]] {{film-stub|Amerika Serikat}} fk4l9ukyh5o52dozsjodbqm5bf15lca Hick (filem) 0 161359 1760025 1643280 2026-11-05T21:49:37Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=Hick|image=Hick film poster.jpg|image_size=250px|alt=|caption=|director=[[Derick Martini]]|producer=Steven Siebert<br />Christian Taylor<br />Charles DePortes<br />Jonathan Cornick<br />|screenplay=Andrea Portes|based on={{based on|''Hick''|Andrea Portes}}|starring=[[Chloë Grace Moretz]]<br />[[Blake Lively]]<br />[[Eddie Redmayne]]<br />[[Juliette Lewis]]<br />[[Alec Baldwin]]<br />[[Rory Culkin]]<br />[[Anson Mount]]<br />[[Shaun Sipos]]<br />[[Ray McKinnon (actor)|Ray McKinnon]]<br />Dave Vescio|music=Zekra|cinematography=Frank Godwin|editing=Mark Yoshikawa|studio=Stone River Productions<br />Lighthouse Entertainment<br />Taylor Lane Productions|released={{Film date|2011|9||[[Festival Film Internasional Toronto]]}}|runtime=|country={{Film US}}|language=English|budget=|gross=}} '''''Hick''''' nggih punika sesirah [[filem]] [[Sandiwara|sandhiwara]] saking [[Amérikah Sarékat]] taun 2012. Filem punika kaarahaken déning [[Derick Martini]]. Skénario kaanggit déning Andrea Portes, adhedhasar saking [[novel]] kanthi sesirah ingkang sami, pakaryanipun Andrea Portes. Juru damel kapasrahaken dhumateng Steven Siebert sesarengan Christian Taylor, Charles Deportes, lan Jonathan Commick. Tanggel jawab musik kaparingaken dhumateng Zekra, sinematografi dipuncakaken déning Frank Godwin. Sawetawis juru besut dipunayahi déning Mark Yoshikawa. Juru paraga ingkang kadhapuk sami maragani filem punika anttawisipun [[Chloë Grace Moretz]], Blake Lively, Eddie Redmayne, Juliette Lewis, Alec Baldwin, ROry Culkin, lan sanèsipun. Hick katepangaken ingkang kapisan nalika adicara [[Festival Film Internasional Toronto]] ing surya 10 September 2011.<ref name="tiff">{{cite web|url=http://tiff.net/filmsandschedules/tiff/2011/hick|title=''Hick'': Derick Martini|date=2011|publisher=[[Festival Film Internasional Toronto]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004181409/http://tiff.net/filmsandschedules/tiff/2011/hick|archivedate=October 4, 2011|url-status=dead|accessdate=October 4, 2011}}Additional (October 4, 2011)</ref><ref name="Lambert2011">{{Citation|author=Lambert, Christine|title=Hick premiere photos - 36th Toronto International Film Festival|url=http://www.digitalhit.com/galleries/40/580|journal=DigitalHit.com|year=2011|accessdate=2012-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810051424/https://www.digitalhit.com/galleries/40/580|archive-date=2022-08-10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hick_2012/ Hick - Rotten Tomatoes] diakses 18 Mei 2019</ref><ref>[http://www.metacritic.com/movie/hick Hick Reviews - Metacritic] diakses 18 Mei 2019</ref> == Juru paraga == * [[Chloë Grace Moretz]] minangka Luli McMullen * [[Blake Lively]] minangka Glenda * [[Eddie Redmayne]] minangka Eddie Kreezer * [[Juliette Lewis]] minangka Tammy * [[Alec Baldwin]] * [[Rory Culkin]] minangka Clement * [[Anson Mount]] minangka Nick * [[Shaun Sipos]] minangka Blane * [[Ray McKinnon (actor)|Ray McKinnon]] minangka Lloyd * Dave Vescio minangka Stranger == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * {{IMDb title|1205558|Hick}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hick (film)}} [[Kategori:Film Amerika Serikat tahun 2011]] [[Kategori:Film berbahasa Inggris]] npos2th0mmyvu9g5qhf354oummt0pr4 Dimas Ekky Pratama 0 161524 1759908 1757380 2026-11-05T15:16:27Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759908 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dimas Ekky Pratama''' ya iku salah sijining pembalap [[Indonésia|Indonesia]] kang asale saka [[Depok]] sing melu ing tim Idemitsu Honda Team Asia sing ing kana uga sakanca ambi pembalap saka [[Tanah Thai|Thailand.]] Dimas Ekky Pratama kalebu pembalap kang wis ora asing maneh ing masyarakat terutamane ning Indonesia. Opo meneh ing kancah balapan sing tingkatane duwur utawa tingkat nasional. Uwis akeh prestasi kang di gayuh utamane sanalika awit taun 2010 merga dheweke awit saka cilik uwis seneng karo sing jenenge dunia balap lan di dukung saka pihak jero. Dimas Ekky Pratama anggone balapan uwis ora ana sing nguciwani paugeran mau isa diwujudake saka akihe prestasi wiwit saka tahun 2010 olih peringkat 4 kejuaraan tingkat Nasional Supersport tahun 2011 olih peringkat 5 kejuaraan tingkat Nasional Supersport ing tahun 2012 peringkat 2 kejuaraan Nasional Supersport 600 cc, peringkat 6 kejuaraan Asia Road Racing Championship tahun 2013 juara 1 Suzuka Endurance Championship ing taun 2017 rider pengganti Moto2 seri [[Malaysia]] ing tahun 2018 peringkat 5 kejuaraan CEV Repsol honda ing kancah balap Dimas Ekky uga tau gagal finish ing balapan seri Moto2 ning sirkuit Sepang amerga montore kang di tumpaki Dimas Ekky mau di tabrak pembalap saka [[Ostrali|Australia]] nanging Dimas Ekky uga tau menang ing seri balapan liya liyane <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2018-11-06|title=Dimas Ekky Pratama|url=https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dimas_Ekky_Pratama&oldid=14373320|journal=Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rungansport.com/moto2/profil-dimas-ekky-pratama-jagoan-indonesia-di-moto2-2019-10251.html|title=Profil Dimas Ekky Pratama, Jagoan Indonesia di Moto2 2019|last=Han|first=D. N.|date=2018-12-12|website=runganSport|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-date=2022-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027124538/https://www.rungansport.com/moto2/profil-dimas-ekky-pratama-jagoan-indonesia-di-moto2-2019-10251.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kusnantokarasan.com/tag/biodata-dimas-ekky-pratama/|title=Biodata dimas ekky pratama {{!}} Kusnantokarasan.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-date=2021-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208125228/https://kusnantokarasan.com/tag/biodata-dimas-ekky-pratama/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blogotive.com/profil-dimas-ekky-pratama|title=Profil Dimas Ekky Pratama, Satu-satunya Pembalap Moto2 2019 dari Indonesia|last=Widananto|first=Hendri|date=2018-12-09|website=BlogOtive|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://id.motorsport.com/driver/dimas-ekky-pratama/432588/|title=Profil Dimas Ekky - Berita, Foto, dan Video {{!}} Motorsport.com|website=id.motorsport.com|language=id|access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tagar.id/profil-dimas-ekky-pratama-jagoan-balap-asal-depok-di-moto2-2019|title=Profil Dimas Ekky Pratama, Jagoan Balap Asal Depok di Moto2 2019|last=News|first=Tagar|date=2017-12-23|website=TAGAR NEWS|language=id|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-date=2022-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027123033/https://www.tagar.id/profil-dimas-ekky-pratama-jagoan-balap-asal-depok-di-moto2-2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yudibatang.com/2015/04/27/profile-dimas-ekky-pratama/|title=Profile Dimas Ekky Pratama, pembalap Moto2 dari Indonesia {{!}}|date=2015-04-26|website=YudiBatang.COM|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-date=2019-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710084737/https://yudibatang.com/2015/04/27/profile-dimas-ekky-pratama/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://inibiodata.com/profil-dan-biodata-lengkap-dimas-ekky-pembalap-di-kelas-motogp-asal-indonesia/|title=Profil dan Biodata Lengkap Dimas Ekky – Pembalap MotoGP Asal Indonesia|last=Agung|date=2019-04-02|website=Ini Biodata|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822160933/https://inibiodata.com/profil-dan-biodata-lengkap-dimas-ekky-pembalap-di-kelas-motogp-asal-indonesia/|archive-date=2019-08-22|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sport.detik.com/moto-gp/d-4439710/dimas-ekky-pratama-bocah-depok-ke-moto2|title=Dimas Ekky Pratama: Bocah Depok ke Moto2|last=Arifin|first=Yanu|website=detiksport|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-date=2019-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223180005/https://sport.detik.com/moto-gp/d-4439710/dimas-ekky-pratama-bocah-depok-ke-moto2|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kastara.id/13/12/2018/menukil-profil-dan-prestasi-dimas-ekky-pratama/|title=Menukil Profil dan Prestasi Dimas Ekky Pratama - Kastara.ID|last=Kastara.ID|first=Redaksi|date=2018-12-13|website=Kastara|language=id|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-date=2022-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027124538/https://kastara.id/13/12/2018/menukil-profil-dan-prestasi-dimas-ekky-pratama/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kaltim.tribunnews.com/2019/04/01/profil-dimas-ekky-pratama-pebalap-asal-indonesia-yang-jatuh-di-moto2-motogp-argentina-2019|title=Profil Dimas Ekky Pratama, Pebalap Asal Indonesia yang Jatuh di Moto2 MotoGP Argentina 2019|website=Tribun Kaltim|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mashel.me/2017/10/biodata-dimas-ekky-pratama-pembalap.html|title=Biodata Dimas Ekky Pratama Pembalap Indonesia Lengkap|last=AsalDepok|first=Nama LengkapDimas Ekky Pratama JulukanRed Forehead Tanggal Lahir26 Oktober 1992 Kota|website=Mas Helmi Blog|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-date=2019-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826100933/https://www.mashel.me/2017/10/biodata-dimas-ekky-pratama-pembalap.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biodatakoe1.blogspot.com/2019/03/inilah-biodata-prestasi-dan-karier.html|title=Inilah Biodata, Prestasi Dan Karier Dimas Ekky Pratama|website=Biodataku|access-date=2019-05-21}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://otomotif.tempo.co/read/1133412/astra-honda-pastikan-dimas-ekky-turun-di-gp-moto2-2019|title=Berita Terkini Dimas Ekky Pratama - Tempo.co|website=otomotif.tempo.co|language=en|access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biograficom.com/profil-dimas-ekky-pratama/|title=√ Profil Dimas Ekky Pratama, Satu Satunya Jagoan Moto2 Asal Indonesia|date=2019-04-01|website=Biograficom.Com|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-date=2020-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812091550/https://www.biograficom.com/profil-dimas-ekky-pratama/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://otomotif.kompas.com/read/2018/10/05/194039015/resmi-dimas-ekky-bakal-berlaga-di-moto2-2019|title=Resmi, Dimas Ekky Bakal Berlaga di Moto2 2019|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref> == Rujukan == e7rzr2pytc3a7n41yejh3il53i4tmxl Laksmi Pamuntjak 0 161584 1760220 1746110 2026-11-06T08:11:30Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laksmi Pamuntjak|image=LP Publicity Photo by Jacky Suharto.jpg|imagesize=220px|alt=|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1971|12|22}}|birth_place={{negara|Indonesia}} [[Kota Jakarta|Jakarta]]|death_date=<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (tanggal meninggal diikuti tanggal lahir) -->|death_place=|nationality={{negara|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]|other_names=|alma_mater=[[Universitas Murdoch]], [[Perth]], [[Australia]]|occupation=[[Penulis]]|known_for=|religion=[[Islam]]|spouse=|children=|parents=}} '''Laksmi Pamuntjak''' ({{lahirmati|[[Kota Jakarta|Jakarta]]|24|12|1971}}) nggih punika salah satunggalipun panganggit dwi-basa saking [[Indonesia]] ingkang karyanipun awujud geguritan, ''novel'', cerkak, artikel, saha kuratorial. Salah satunggaling anggitanipun Laksmi inggih menika [[novel]] ''[[Aruna & Lidahnya]]'', ingkang taun 2018 kapundhut dados [[filem]], kanthi juru paraga [[Dian Sastrowardoyo]], [[Nicholas Saputra]], [[Hannah Al Rashid]], lan [[Oka Antara]].<ref>[http://www.tamanismailmarzuki.com/tokoh/pamuntjak.html "Laksmi Pamuntjak"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617165002/http://www.tamanismailmarzuki.com/tokoh/pamuntjak.html |date=2022-06-17 }} ''[[Taman Ismail Marzuki]]''. Diakses 25 Januari 2014.</ref><ref name="detik">[http://hot.detik.com/read/2015/03/15/154434/2859179/1017/cerita-tentang-laksmi-pamuntjak "Cerita tentang Laksmi Pamuntjak"] ''[[Detik.com]]'', 15 Maret 2015. Diakses 26 Juli 2015.</ref> == Latar wuri == Laksmi Pamuntjak punika lair saking keluwargi [[Orang Minang|Minangkabau]]. Piyambakipun putri saking Mustafa Pamuntjak, salah setunggalipun juru rancang gedhung utawi arsitek. Kaprigelanipun nyerat dugi saking éyangipun, [[Kasuma Sutan Pamuntjak]], salah setunggalipun redhaktur ing [[Balai Pustaka]].<ref>Ajip Rosidi, Mengenang Hidup Orang Lain: Sejumlah Obituari, 2010</ref> Pakaryan ingkang sampun kaanggit déning Laksmi Pamuntjak antawisipun, ''The Jakarta Good Food Guide 2008-2009, The Anagram, On God and Other Unfinished Things, Perang, Langit dan Dua Perempuan. The Diary of R.S.: Musings on Art, Ellipsis: Poems and Prose-Poems by Laksmi Pamuntjak, Goenawan Mohamad: Selected Poems, The Jakarta Good Food Guide 2002-2003'', lan ''The Jakarta Good Food Guide 2001.'' == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njawi == {{commonscat}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100723102830/http://id.omg.yahoo.com/celebrity/local/profile/206/laksmi-pamuntjak Profil di Yahoo!] * [http://laksmipamuntjak.com/ Situs Pribadi] {{indo-bio-stub}} [[Kategori:Kelahiran 1971|Pamuntjak]] [[Kategori:Juru masak Indonesia|Pamuntjak]] [[Kategori:Penulis Indonesia|Pamuntjak]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Minangkabau]] [[Kategori:Tokoh dari Jakarta]] [[Kategori:Pamuncak]] ahb8l7fzjrjsq8p0781q15qw4j9dnyb Ghosts of Girlfriends Past 0 161797 1759975 1757454 2026-11-05T19:34:55Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Film|name=Ghosts of Girlfriends Past|image=Ghosts of girlfriends past.jpg|image_size=|caption=Poster promo|director=[[Mark Waters]]|producer=Brad Epstein<br />Jonathan Shestack<br />Marcus Viscidi|writer=[[Jon Lucas]]<br />[[Scott Moore]]|starring=[[Matthew McConaughey]]<br />[[Jennifer Garner]]<br />[[Emma Stone]]<br />[[Noureen DeWulf]]<br />[[Breckin Meyer]]<br />[[Lacey Chabert]]<br /> dan [[Michael Douglas]]|music=[[Rolfe Kent]]|cinematography=[[Daryn Okada]]|editing=Bruce Green|casting=[[Marci Liroff]]|distributor=[[New Line Cinema]]|released=1 Mei 2009|runtime=115 menit|country=[[Amerika Serikat]]|language=Inggris|budget=|gross=$99,069,430<ref>http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=ghostsofgirlfriendspast.htm</ref>}} '''''Ghosts of Girlfriends Past''''' nggih punika sesirah [[Film|filem]] [[Komedi|komedi romantis]] saking [[Amerika Serikat|Amérikah Sarékat]] taun 2009. Filem punika kadamel adhedhasar saking cariyos anggitanipun [[Charles Dickens]], ''[[A Christmas Carol]]''. Juru arah filem kacepeng déning [[Mark Waters]] sasampunipun kaserat skénariyonipun kaliyan [[Jon Lucas]] lan [[Scott Moore]]. Pandamelan filem kawiwitan surya 19 Februari 2008 dumugi Juli 2008 wonten Boston, Massachusetts. Ingkang ngayahi minangka juru damel nggih punika Brad Epstein, sesarengan Jonathan Shestack lan Marcus Viscidi. Tanggel jawab musik kapasrahaken dhumateng Rolfe Kent. Sinematografi dipuncakaken déning Daryn Okada, lan pambesutan filem kalampahaken Bruce Green. Wondéné juru paraga ingkang kadhapuk sami maragani antawisipun [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Jennifer Garner]], lan [[Emma Stone]].<ref name="five">{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3iade5585233ac6180385ce91850f1e895|title=Five to haunt 'Girlfriends'|author=Gregg Goldstein|date=2008-02-04|accessdate=2008-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622155137/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3iade5585233ac6180385ce91850f1e895|archivedate=2008-06-22|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> Filem punika dipunbabar ing surya 1 Mei 2009.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0821640/releaseinfo The Ghosts of Girlfriends Past (2009) - Release Dates]</ref> == Juru paraga == * [[Matthew McConaughey]] minangka Connor Mead<ref name="five" /> * [[Jennifer Garner]] minangka Jenny Perotti<ref name="five" /> * [[Michael Douglas]] minangka Wayne Mead<ref name="trio">{{cite news|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117980370.html?categoryid=13&cs=1|title=Trio in 'Past' cast|author=Dave McNary|date=2008-02-06|accessdate=2008-05-16|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=2008-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208133358/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117980370.html?categoryid=13&cs=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Emma Stone]] minangka Allison Vandermeersh<ref name="five" /> * [[Daniel Sunjata]] minangka Brad<ref name="five" /> * [[Noureen DeWulf]] minangka Melanie<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117980888.html?categoryid=1236&cs=1|title=Noureen DeWulf|author=Bryon Perry|date=2008-02-13|accessdate=2008-11-13|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=2008-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625184837/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117980888.html?categoryid=1236&cs=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Breckin Meyer]] minangka Paul Mead<ref name="five" /> * [[Lacey Chabert]] minangka Sandra Volkom<ref name="five" /> * [[Anne Archer]] minangka Vonda Volkom<ref name="five" /> * [[Amanda Walsh]] minangka Denice * [[Camille Guaty]] minangka Donna * [[Rachel Boston]] minangka Deena * [[Robert Forster]] minangka Sersan Mayor Mervis Volkom * [[Logan Miller]] minangka Connor Mead remaja * [[Christa B. Allen]] minangka Jenny Perotti remaja * [[Kasey Russell]] minangka Jenny Perotti muda * Devin Brochu minangka Connor Mead muda * [[Albert M. Chan]] minangka Groomsman Sam * [[Christina Milian]] minangka Keelia * Olga Maliouk *[[Timothy Alexson]] minangka juru racik unjukan == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * {{resmi|http://ghostsofgirlfriendspastmovie.com/}} * {{imdb title|id=0821640|title=Ghosts of Girlfriends Past}} * {{Amg movie|353564|Ghosts of Girlfriends Past}} * {{mojo title|id=ghostsofgirlfriendspast|title=Ghosts of Girlfriends Past}} [[Kategori:Film Amérika Sarékat taun 2009]] [[Kategori:Film komedi romantis]] [[Kategori:Film cinta]] [[Kategori:Film fantasi]] 826p3bjad6uj9nhyxl0tj2nr89aopjv Jiddu Krishnamurti 0 162221 1760071 1732640 2026-11-06T00:22:05Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760071 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Jiddu Krishnamurti 01.jpg|jmpl|Jiddu Krishnamurti]] '''Jiddu Krishnamurti''' (12 Mèi 1895 – 17 Fèbruwari 1986) iku filsuf lan juru nulis saka Indhi. Nalika isih enom dhèwèké digegadhang dadi Guru Sajagat kang anyar, nanging ing tembé dhèwèké nulak kalungguhan iku lan metu saka Paguyuban Téyosofi kang ana ing waliké.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jiddu-Krishnamurti</ref> Karyané gegayutan karo révolusi jiwa, bawané angen-angen manungsa, médhitasi, pitakon, gayutan ing antarané manungsa, lan owah-owahan ing masarakat. Dhèwèké sesorah babagan révolusi jiwa kang dibutuhaké manungsa kabèh lan pracaya yèn owah-owahan iku ora bisa dadi minangka kawusanan saka jalaran jaba, kaya agama, pulitik, utawa sosiyal. Dhèk taun 1929 Krishnamurti kandha: ''Aku pracaya yèn bebener iku kaya lemah tanpa dalan; mula, ora bisa dicandhak sarana dalan apa waé, agama, utawa paguyuban apa waé. Iki kang dakpracaya. Bebener iku ora nduwé wates lan angger-angger, ora bisa dicandhak sarana dalan apa waé; mula ora olèh ana paguyuban kang péngin nggawa utawa maksa manungsa menyang bebener. Aku ora gelem wong-wong mèlu aku. Yèn wong wiwit mèlu wong liyané, dhèwèké wis ora mèlu bebener manèh. Aku ora ngurus yèn kowé kabèh ngrungokaké aku apa ora. Ana bab siji waé kang péngin dakgawé lan arep dakgawé: nggawé manungsa dadi mardika. Aku péngin ngamardika manungsa saka kabèh kunjarané, kabèh wediné; ora péngin nggawé agama, paguyuban, rumus utawa filosofi anyar.''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jkrishnamurti.org/about-dissolution-speech |title=Archive copy |access-date=2019-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728174209/http://jkrishnamurti.org/about-dissolution-speech |archive-date=2019-07-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Rujukan== {{Authority control}} jeb8e0ftlqwxz8s59tj2xrd0zvvuuqk Jin (juru nembang) 0 162439 1760072 1757535 2026-11-06T00:24:53Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist||Name=Jin|Img=File:Jin Ly tear ori.png|Img_capt=Jin ing wulan Mei 2018|Img_size=|Landscape=|Background=|native_name=김석진|native_name_lang=ko|Birth_name=Kim Seok-jin|Alias=|birth_date={{birth date and age|mf=yes|1992|12|4}}|birth_place=[[Gwacheon]], [[Gyeonggi-do]], [[Korea Kidul]]|Occupation={{hlist|[[Penyanyi]] | [[Penulis Lagu]]}}|Origin=|Instrument=[[Vokal]]|Genre={{hlist|[[K-pop]]|[[Pop-rock]]|[[Ballad]]}}|Years_active={{start date|2013}}–saiki|Label=[[Big Hit Entertainment]]|Associated_acts={{hlist|[[BTS (grup musik)|BTS]]}}|URL=|Current_members=|Past_members=|Notable_instruments=}} '''Jin''' (jeneng asli: <span>Kim Seok Jin</span> <ref><cite class="citation news">[http://thestar.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2015/04/30/2015043001449.html "'S, "aku benar-benar tampan?""] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325033813/http://thestar.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2015/04/30/2015043001449.html |date=2018-03-25 }}. Chosun Ilbo. 2015 4 30.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%84+%28%EA%B0%EC%88%98%29&rft.atitle=%EB%B0%A9%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C%EB%85%84%EB%A8+%EC%A7%84+%22%EC%A0%9C%EA%B0+%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%90+%EC%9E%98%EC%83%9D%EA%B2%BC%EC%9D%84%EA%B9%8C%EC%9A%94%3F%22&rft.date=2015-04-30&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthestar.chosun.com%2Fsite%2Fdata%2Fhtml_dir%2F2015%2F04%2F30%2F2015043001449.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"> </span></ref> 김석 진, 4 Desember 1992) ya iku lan juru nembang lan panyerat tembang saka [[Koréa Kidul|Korea Kidul]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&query=%EC%A7%84&sm=ppl_cts&ie=utf8&key=PeopleService&os=585546|title=진 프로필|last=|first=|date=May 14, 2018|website=people.search.naver.com|publisher=Naver|language=ko|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=July 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/7850038/bts-jin-get-to-know|title=Get to Know BTS: Jin|last=Herman|first=Tamar|date=June 30, 2017|website=Billboard|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=July 7, 2018}}</ref> Dhéwéké kuwi pepanta paling tuwa lan ngisi swara ''boy band'' ing [[Korea Kidul]], BTS.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/7850038/bts-jin-get-to-know|title=Get To Know BTS: Jin|last=Tamar|first=Herman|date=2017-06-30|website=Billboard|access-date=2019-08-26}}</ref> Minangka panulis tembang, Dhéwéké duwé limang tembang sing wis diakreditasi dening Korea Music Copyright Association.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.komca.or.kr/foreign2/eng/S01.jsp|title=Songs credited to JIN|last=|first=|date=|website=komca.or.kr|id=Writers & Publishers ID: 10005243|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=July 5, 2018}}</ref> == Kauripan wiwitan lan pendhidhikan == Jin lair kanthi jeneng Kim Seok-jin tanggal 4 Desember 1992 ana ing Gwacheon, [[Gyeonggi]], [[Koréa Kidul|Korea Kidul]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://metro.co.uk/2017/12/07/meet-bts-members-7139713/|title=Meet the BTS band members – from Rap Monster to Jungkookie to J-Hope|last=Moloney|first=Aisling|date=December 7, 2017|work=Metro|access-date=9 Oktober 2018}}</ref> Jin lulus saka Universitas Konkuk tanggal 22 Februari 2017. Dhéwéké entuk gelar ing kagunan lan sandhiwara. Saiki Dhéwéké lagi ngrampungaké pasinaon master ing Universitas Hanyang (kelas online).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201703021759160392034_2|title=Jin of BTS, Chen of EXO enter graduate school at Hanyang Cyber University|last=Kim|first=So-yeon|date=March 2, 2017|work=Kpop Herald|access-date=July 7, 2018}}</ref> == Karir == === 2013 - saiki: BTS === [[Gambar:180125_방탄소년단_진.jpg|jmpl|Jin ing Penghargaan Musik Seoul taun 2018.]] Jin entuk tawaran mèlu [[SM Hiburan|SM Entertainment]] nalika umur 15 taun nalika ketemu wong ing dalan, nanging dhéwèké ora nrima tawaran kasebut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allkpop.com/article/2016/05/top-celebs-that-could-have-debuted-under-sm|title=Top celebs that could have debuted under SM|last=jubilantj|date=31 Mèi 2016|website=allkpop.com|language=Inggris|access-date=8 Oktober 2018}}*{{Cite web|url=https://www.koreaboo.com/lists/7-people-trained-debuted-sm/|title=7 People Who Could Have Trained And Debuted Under SM Entertainment|last=Koreaboo|date=24 Agustus 2018|website=koreaboo.com|language=Inggris|access-date=8 Oktober 2018}}</ref> Jin ditemokaké dening manajer casting Big Hit nalika dhéwèké isih sekolah akting. Jin ditemokaké amarga tampilane, dhéwèké diundhang neng audisi [[Hiburan Big Hit|Big Hit Entertainment]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/inside-bts-mania-a-day-in-the-life-of-the-k-pop-superstars-129689/|title=Inside BTS-mania: A Day in the Life of the K-Pop Superstars|last=Martins|first=Chris|date=December 19, 2017|website=Rolling Stone|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=8 Oktober 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studyinternational.com/news/college-k-pop-stardom-education-helped-multi-talented-performers/#40EAu5ptDX9l3Kae.97|title=From college to K-pop stardom: How education helped these multi-talented performers|last=Kong|first=Leelian|date=March 21, 2017|website=studyinternational.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=8 Oktober 2018}}</ref> Jin miwiti debut minangka salah siji juru tembang BTS tanggal 13 Juni 2013 ing Mnet's M! Countdown kanthi tembang "No More Dream" saka album debut, ''[[2 Kelangan 4 Skool|2 Cool 4 Skool]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailydot.com/upstream/bts-kpop-korean-boy-band/|title=How BTS is changing K-pop for the better|last=Bennett|first=Colette|date=May 12, 2016|website=dailydot|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=July 5, 2018}}</ref> Sanajan wis tau nulis tembang sadurunge, dhéwèké pisanan dadi co-produser tembang solo saka album ''Wings'' kanthi irah-irahan "Awaké" sing manggoni nomer 31 ing tangga tembang Gaon lan posisi 6 ing [[Papan iklan|Billboard]] World Digital Singles Chart. Ing Desember 2016, dhéwèké ngerilis "Awaké" versi Natal ing [[SoundCloud]].<ref name="soundcloud.com">{{Cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/bangtan/161204jinawake|title=Awake (christmas ver) by Jin of BTS|last=|first=|date=|website=SoundCloud|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=July 11, 2018}}</ref> Ing tanggal 9 Agustus 2018, BTS ngerilis ''trailer'' kanggo album sing arep teka, kanthi tembang sing disebut "Epiphany". tembang kasebut diterangaké minangka "pembangunan melodi [[Rock rock|pop-rock]] " dening [[Papan iklan|Billboard]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8469473/bts-epiphany-comeback-trailer-jin-sings-video|title=BTS' Jin Sings in 'Epiphany' Comeback Trailer Ahead Of 'Love Yourself: Answer' Album|last=Herman|first=Tamar|date=August 9, 2018|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']]|access-date=August 17, 2018}}</ref> lan minangka penampilan solo Jin. Kanthi lirik sing ndemek konsep nrima lan tresna marang awaké dhewe. Versi jangkepe tembang iki pisanan dibukak ing album ''[[Love Yourself: Answer]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etonline.com/bts-jin-takes-center-stage-in-epiphany-comeback-trailer-ahead-of-new-album-107670|title=BTS' Jin Takes Center Stage in 'Epiphany' Comeback Trailer Ahead of New Album|last=Drysdale|first=Jennifer|date=August 9, 2018|website=Entertainment Tonight|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=September 29, 2018}}</ref> lan manggoni nomer 30 ing andha tembang Gaon lan nomer 4 ing Billboard ''World Digital Singles Chart.'' <ref name=":7">Cumulative sales of "Awake": </ref> === 2015 - saiki: Kagiyatan Solo === Jin gawé kolaborasi karo rekan seklompoke, V, kanggo ngisi ''soundtrack'' drama sejarah ''[[Hwarang: The Poet Warrior Youth]]'' kanthi irah-irahan "It's Definitely You". dhéwèké uga gabung karo anggota BTS, [[Jungkook]], kanggo nyanyi lan ngerilis versi alternatif "So Far Away", tembang saka ''mixtape'' anggota BTS [[Suga (rapper)|Suga]] ''Agust D.''<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8459916/bts-jin-in-front-of-the-post-office-in-autumn-cover|title=BTS' Jin Releases Cover of 'In Front of the Post Office in Autumn': Listen|last=Herman|first=Tamar|date=June 7, 2017|website=billboard.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=July 6, 2018}}</ref> Jin uga ngover pirang-pirang tembang kaya ta "Mom" dening Ra.D, "I Love You" dening Mate, lan "In Front of The Post Office In Autumn", tembang taun 1994 sing dinyanyikaké dening Yoon Do-hyun.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8099026/bts-covers|title=7 BTS Covers You Should Listen To|last=Herman|first=Tamar|date=February 9, 2018|website=billboard.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=July 6, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://www.koogle.tv/media/news/bangtan-boys-jin-reveals-cover-of-i-love-you-by-mate/|title=Bangtan Boys’ Jin Reveals Cover of ‘I Love You’ by Mate|last=Song|first=Michael|date=December 3, 2015|work=koogle.tv|access-date=July 11, 2018|archive-date=October 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001110834/http://www.koogle.tv/media/news/bangtan-boys-jin-reveals-cover-of-i-love-you-by-mate/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/bts-jin-covers-korean-rock-ballad-debut-track-yoon-do-hyun|title=BTS' Jin Covers Korean Rock Ballad, Debut Track Of Yoon Do-hyun|last=Merrill|first=Philip|date=June 8, 2018|website=grammy.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326184726/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/bts-jin-covers-korean-rock-ballad-debut-track-yoon-do-hyun|archive-date=March 26, 2019|url-status=dead|access-date=July 6, 2018}}</ref> tembang cover kasebut dirilis ing SoundCloud tanggal 7 Mei 2015 <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/bangtan/150507mp3|title=엄마 (cover) by Jin|last=|first=|date=May 7, 2015|website=soundcloud.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=July 9, 2018}}</ref>, 3 Desember 2015, , lan 7 Juni 2018. dhéwèké uga dadi ''co-host'' ing pirang-pirang penghargaan musik Korea, kaya ta [[Bank Musik|Music Bank]] .<ref name=":9">{{Cite news|url=http://news.tf.co.kr/read/entertain/1724998.htm|title=[단독] '빌보드 정복' 방탄소년단 진, 8일 '뮤직뱅크' MC 출격|last=|first=|date=June 7, 2018|work=tf.co.kr|access-date=July 6, 2018|language=Korean}}</ref> == Penghargaan lan Nominasi == === Melon Music Awards === {| class="wikitable" ! width="50" | Taun ! width="258" | Panampa ! width="250" | Penghargaan ! width="90" | Asil ! width="20" | Ref. |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2017 | rowspan="1" align="center" | "It's Definitely You"(Hwarang OST) | align="center" | OST paling apik |Nominasi |} == Diskografi == === tembang === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! Taun ! Judhul ! Cathetan |- | 2013 ! scope="row" | "Adult Child" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/bangtan/by-rap-monster-suga?in=bangtan/sets/rm|title=어른아이 by Rap Monster, Suga, & Jin|website=soundcloud.com|access-date=15 Maret 2018}}</ref> | karo RM lan Suga |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 ! scope="row" | "Mom (cover)" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/bangtan/150507mp3|title=엄마 (cover) by Jin|website=soundcloud.com/accessdate=October 6, 2018}}</ref> | tembang asline ditembangaké dening Ra.D |- ! scope="row" | "I Love You (cover)" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/bangtan/cover-by-jin-of-bts|title=난 너를 사랑해 (cover) By Jin Of BTS|website=soundcloud.com|access-date=October 6, 2018}}</ref> | tembang asline ditembangaké dening Mate |- | rowspan="3" | 2016 ! scope="row" | "It's Definitely You" | soundtrack Hwarang karo V |- ! scope="row" | "Awaké" | saka album [[Wings (album BTS)|Wings]] |- ! scope="row" | "Awaké" versi Natal <ref name="soundcloud.com"/> | versi remix natal saka tembang "Awaké" |- | 2017 ! scope="row" | "So Far Away (versi Suga, Jin, Jungkook)" <ref name=":4"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/bangtan/cover-by-jin-of-bts|title=So Far Away (SUGA, 진, 정국 Ver.)|last=|first=|date=June 14, 2017|website=SoundCloud|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=July 11, 2018}}</ref> | karo Suga lan Jungkook; tembang asline ditembangaké dening Suga lan Suran |- | 2018 ! scope="row" | "In Front of The Post Office in Autumn (cover)" <ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/bangtan/jin2018btsfesta|title=가을 우체국 앞에서 (cover) By JIN Of BTS|last=|first=|date=May 7, 2018|website=soundcloud.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=July 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8459916/bts-jin-in-front-of-the-post-office-in-autumn-cover|title=BTS' Jin Releases Cover of 'In Front of the Post Office in Autumn': Listen|last=Herman|first=Tamar|date=June 7, 2018|website=billboard.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=July 6, 2018}}</ref> | tembang asline ditembangaké dening Yoon Do-hyun |} === Kredit Panulisan lan Panggawéan tembang === Kabeh kridit tembang dijupuk saka Music Copyright Association.<ref name="KMCA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.komca.or.kr/foreign2/eng/S01.jsp|title=Songs Registered Under Jin|website=komca.or.kr|access-date=2018-01-19}}</ref> == Filmografi == === Panata Acara === {| class="wikitable" ! Taun ! Saluran ! Program ! Cathetan |- | 2016 | SBS |Inkigayo | karo RM, Kei, Mijoo<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tvreport.co.kr/?c=news&m=newsview&idx=893532|title=[단독] 방탄소년단 랩몬스터·진, ‘인기가요’ 스페셜 MC…러블리즈|last=|first=|date=May 14, 2016|work=tvreport.co.kr|access-date=July 7, 2018|language=Korean}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 | Mnet |M Countdown | karo Jimin lan J-Hope<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1110740273|title=승승장구 방탄…진·지민·제이홉, '엠카' 스페셜MC 발탁|last=|first=|date=September 27, 2017|work=OSEN|access-date=July 6, 2018|language=Korean}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | KBS | KBS Song Festival | karo Sana, Chanyeol, Irene, Solar, Mingyu, Yerin, Kang Daniel <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=241&aid=0002739456|title=엑소 찬열·방탄 진·워너원 강다니엘, 'KBS 가요대축제' MC|last=Hwang|first=Ji Young|date=December 21, 2017|work=Daily Sports|access-date=July 6, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8085629/bts-dna-not-today-2017-kbs-song-festival-video|title=BTS Performs Rock Remixes of 'DNA' & 'Not Today' at 2017 KBS Song Festival|last=Herman|first=Tamar|date=December 30, 2017|work=Billboard|access-date=July 6, 2018}}</ref> |- | 2018 | Music Bank | karo Solbin <ref name=":9"/> |} == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Semua artikel biografi|Jin (penyanyi)]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Penyanyi Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:Lair 1992]] g3rtxft7rzhzq0tujpkcqs9dmkmdqxs I Nyoman Alim 0 162818 1760036 1731666 2026-11-05T22:18:21Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760036 wikitext text/x-wiki '''I Nyoman Alim Mustapha''' (lair ing [[Kutha Denpasar|Dhènpasar,]] [[Bali]] 13 Fébruari 1952) ya iku juru tatah saka Bali sing saiki netep ning [[Pabélan, Mungkid, Magelang|Pabelan,]] [[Kecamatan Mungkid, Magelang|Kacamatan Mungkid]], [[Magelang]], [[Jawa Tengah]]. Seni tatah miturut Nyoman punika kanggé wujud puji sukur ing ngarsané Gusti Pangeran kang Maha Agung. Miturut Nyoman ora gampang anggoné nyinaoni kagunan amarga jaman biyen durung ana sekolah kang ngajaraké kagunan apa manèh kagunan tatah banjur Nyoman gladhèn kanthi ''otodidak.'' Èwunan karya kagunan tatah kaya ta [[Reca|patung,]] [[Relief|reliéf,]] karo miniatur bangunan kang digawé Nyoman karo para pengrajin karya kagunan kang dirangkul utawa gelem kerja sama karo Nyoman. Nyoman iku uwong kang ngadhekake tempat wisata lan tempat produksi aneka macem kagunan tatah kagunan tatah ning daerah [[Kecamatan Mungkid, Magelang|Kecamatan Mungkid]], yaiku Taman Nakula Sadéwa Edupark. Saorané ana 300 pegawé sing kerja ing lan 50 pengrajin kang dadi pegawé tetapé Nyoman. Para pengrajin mau duwé kéahlian dhéwe-dhéwé kaya ta tatah batu, tanah liat, [[Alumuniyum|alumunium.]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://kompas.id/baca/tokoh/sosok/2018/11/21/i-nyoman-alim-mustapha-berbagi-jagat-pahat/|title=I Nyoman Alim Mustapha Berbagi Jagat Pahat|last=Wicaksono|first=Megandika|date=21 Novèmber 2018|work=Kompas|access-date=2019-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121053621/https://kompas.id/baca/tokoh/sosok/2018/11/21/i-nyoman-alim-mustapha-berbagi-jagat-pahat/|archive-date=2020-11-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wiyata == Sakwisé lulus seka SMA Pendowo Muntilan (1971) kanthi bekal tékad kuat lan getih kagunan saka ramane yaiku I Ketut Kicen (suwargi) minangka pelukis, dhèwèké banjur sinau kagunan tatah kanthi otodidak. Sinau dhèwè kuwi ora gampang merga jaman biyèn durung akeh sekolah lan perguruan tinggi jurusan kagunan. bareng Karo 300 pekerja lan 50 pengrajin dhèwèké sukses ngadhekaké Taman Nakula Sadewa Edupark. == Pagawéan == Sakwisé Nyoman ngadhekaké Taman Nakula Sadewa Edupark, Nyoman ngasilaké luwih saka atusan karya kagunan tatah. Kabeh karya saliyané patung yaiku [[kaligrafi]], artwork macem-macem fiberglass, marmer, [[watu]], aluminium, lah [[Prunggu|perunggu]] Nyoman mbangun taman iki ning [[Kecamatan Mungkid, Magelang|Kecamatan Mungkid]], [[Jawa Tengah|Jawa tengah.]] Puluhan werna karya kagunan tatah manéka warna ukuran kasebar ana ing tlatah kasebut. [[Taman]] iki ana TELU (3) bagian, bagian pertama yaiku bagian taman nasional. Ing kono ana patung-patung para pahlawan kan pendiri [[Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia]]. patung-patung kuwi antarané [[Soekarno|Ir. Soekarno]] lan [[Mohammad Hatta|Moh. Hatta,]] Panglima Besar [[Soedirman|Jendral Soedirman]], [[I Gusti Ngurah Rai]], [[Ahmad Yani|A. Yani]], nganti tekan [[Pangéran Dipanegara|Pangeran Diponegoro]] lan [[Gajah Mada|Patih Gajah Mada.]] Pérangan ka-2 ya iku taman internasional, panggoné taman iki ning jèjèré [[taman]] nasional. Ana ing [[taman]] internasional Iki ana miniatur bangunan megah ing dunya, antarané [[Candhi Barabudhur|Candi Borobudur,]] [[Liberty Island|Patung Liberty]], Shwedagon Pagoda, lan [[Angkor Wat]]. sakwisé [[taman]] nasional lan [[taman]] internasional, ana jenenge [[taman]] budaya. Ana ing njero [[taman]] Iki ana puluhan [[Reca|patung]] [[wayang]] kang werna-warni. == Nakula Sadewa Edupark == [[Taman]] Nakula Sadewa Edupark menika ora mung nuduhaké karya kagunan saka watu nanging uga nuduhaké proses anggoné gawé. Para pengunjung uga bisa gaweé karya kagunan lan bisa gawa bali hasil karyané. Tujuan saka taman iki yaiku supaya para pengunjung ora mung foto-foto nanging uga bisa ndelok proses carane gawe karya kagunan lan bisa gawe karya kagunan ing [[Taman]] menika, saéngga bisa nuwuhaké rasa remen kerajinan kagunan gawe [[Reca|patung]], ora liya mahat [[watu]]. [[Taman]] Nakula Sadewa Eduprak padintenané buka saka jam 09.00-17.WIB. Ing taman iki uga ana kolam renang kang dihias kanggo bocah-bocah sing padha ngunjungi Taman iki. Tiket [[Taman]] Nakula Sadewa Edupark kanggo bocah-bocah Rp. 10.000,00 lan dhiwasa Rp. 20.000,00 sarta Rp. 75.000,00 kanggo minat khusus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.detik.com/dtravelers_stories/u-4218559/ini-tempat-liburan-santai-sambil-bikin-karya-seni-di-magelang/4|title=Ini Tempat Liburan Santai Sambil Bikin Karya Seni di Magelang|last=ira|first=letnan|date=2018-09-18|website=Detik|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025031449/https://travel.detik.com/dtravelers_stories/u-4218559/ini-tempat-liburan-santai-sambil-bikin-karya-seni-di-magelang/4|archive-date=2019-10-25|url-status=dead|access-date=2019-10-25}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> 6d3j3vq3myvmhl7vfnej1up50qfomgh Dhubu 0 162910 1759905 1744948 2026-11-05T15:02:36Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759905 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Korean.food-Sundubu.jjigae-01.jpg|ka|jmpl|301x301px| olahan ''jenggot juligae Sundubu'' .]] '''Dubu''' (豆腐, 두부) yaiku sajenis [[tahu]] ing [[Korea]].<ref name="sejarahtahu">{{En icon}}[http://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/tofu3.php HISTORY OF TOFU IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA], ''soyinfocenter''. Diakses pada 1 Mei 2010.</ref> Korea nggunakaké tahu kanggo gawé macem-macem jinis [[Pangan|olahan]] .<ref name="tahu koryo">{{En icon}}[http://bukgu.gwangju.kr/contents.jsp?S=S42&M=030600000000 Hand-made Tofu], ''gwangju''. Diakses pada 1 Mei 2010.</ref> == Sejarah == Rujukan tahu paling awal ing Korea bisa ditemokaké ing ''Rekaman Mogeun'' ( ''Mogeunjip'' ) sing ditulis Yi Saek (jeneng pena ''Mogeun'', 1328-1396) sajrone [[Dinasti Goryeo]] (938-1392).<ref name="Dubu Jeongol">{{En icon}}{{Cite journal|last=Chun Hui-jung|year=2006|title=Dubu-Jeongol -Traditional Dish of Dubu (Tofu) and Vegetables|url=http://koreana.kf.or.kr/pdf_file/2006/2006_SPRING_E076.pdf|format=|journal=Koreana|volume=20|issue=1|pages=77-79|doi=|id=|access-date=26 April 2010}}</ref> Ing sajroning puisi, Yi Saek nyritakaké tahu éca sing wis digawé. Pitunjuk liyané ditulis babagan cara olah tahu korea ing ''Yangchonjip'' dening Gwon Geun lan Heo Gyun (1569-1618), salah sawijine panulis [[Wangsa Joseon|Dinasti Joseon sing]] nulis artikel ing ''Domundaejak'' babagan lemes saka rasa ora ''nyenengaké sing'' didol para bakul ing njaba Gerbang Changui .<ref name="Dubu Jeongol"/> Cathetan ing ''[[Joseon Wangjo Sillok|Sejongsillok]]'' ( ''Rekaman Pemerintah King Sejong'' ) nyebutaké manawa Kaisar Ming muji kenikmatan tahu ing Joseon lan wong wadon iku apik kanggo olah panganan sing enak. Cathetan sejarah nuduhaké manawa teknik nggawé tahu dikenal saka tlatah [[Républik Rakyat Cina|China]] menyang Korea nalika [[Dinasti Goryeo]] wiwit abad kaping-10. Mung saka Korea sing dikenalaké menyang [[Jepang]] .<ref name="tahu koryo"/> Titik Korea nduwe tékstur antara tahu Cina lan Jepang, ora angel utawa alus.<ref name="sejarahtahu"/> Wong Jepang ngenalaké pirang-pirang jinis tahu ing Korea sajrone pendudukan Jepang ing Korea (1910-1945). == olahan ing Dubu == [[Gambar:Korean_cuisine-Dubu_kimchi-01.jpg|ka|jmpl|200x200px| Dubu Kimchi]] * ''Dubu jeongol'', punika sajian jeongol [[Tahu|metu]] karo sajarah 200 taun.<ref name="Dubu Jeongol"/> Dubu jeongol digodhog karo [[Pérangan daging sapi|daging sapi]], [[Kecambah|sprout]], radish putih, dropwort, [[jamur]], bawang, [[wortel]] lan kaldu ing [[Panci|saucepan]] gedhe. * ''Dubu Buchim'', tahu, yaiku salah ''sawijine'' piring sing disuguhaké ing [[Banchan]] .<ref>{{Ko icon}}[http://www.musoenara.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=board5&wr_id=778&page=8 두부 부침(필독)], ''musoenara''. Diakses pada 14 Mei 2010.</ref> * ''tahu sutra'' ( ''sundubu'' ): tahu tisu lembut sing ora diproses kaya tahu.<ref name="tahusutera">{{En icon}}[http://www.visitkorea.or.kr/ena/SI/SI_EN_3_8_3_8.jsp Donghae Sundubu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120070445/http://www.visitkorea.or.kr/ena/SI/SI_EN_3_8_3_8.jsp |date=2013-01-20 }}, ''visitkorea''. Diakses pada 1 Mei 2010.</ref> Sundubu sing paling misuwur yaiku Sundubu saka Kampung Chodang, sing diarani ''Chodang Dubu'', diolah nganggo banyu sagara kanggo ngasilaké rasa sing unik. <ref name="kangnung">{{En icon}}{{Cite journal|last=Kim Joo-young|year=1997|title=Ch'odang Village in Kangnung|url=http://koreana.kf.or.kr/viewPdf.asp?filename=1997_SUMMER_E054.pdf|format=|journal=Koreana|volume=11|issue=2|pages=77-79|doi=|id=|access-date=2010-05-01}}</ref> Sundubu dipangan karo kecap lan bumbu pedhes nalika ngombe makgeolli . * ''Kimu kimchi'', tahu goreng karo [[kimchi]] .<ref name="dubu kimchi">{{En icon}}[http://mykoreankitchen.com/2006/12/21/tofu-kimchi-dubu-kimchi-in-korean/ Dubu Kimchi], ''mykoreankitchen''. Diakses pada 12 Mei 2010.</ref> * ''Dubu jorim'', tahu goreng karo saus jorim digawé saka campuran rempah-rempah.<ref>{{En icon}}[http://www.mykoreandiet.com/healthy-korean-food/simmered-tofu-tofu-jorim-dubu-jorim-dubu-ganjang-jorim.html Dubu Jorim] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010074022/http://www.mykoreandiet.com/healthy-korean-food/simmered-tofu-tofu-jorim-dubu-jorim-dubu-ganjang-jorim.html |date=2019-10-10 }},''mykoreandiet''. Diakses pada 26 April 2010.</ref> * ''Sundubu jjigae'' yaiku jjigae kanthi [[Gochujang|gochujang sing]] ngemot tahu sutra (sundubu) lan sayuran.<ref name="sundubu">{{En icon}}[http://koreanfood.about.com/od/soupsandstews/r/Soondubuchigae.htm Spicy Korean Soft Tofu Stew (Soondubuchigae)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213164044/http://koreanfood.about.com/od/soupsandstews/r/Soondubuchigae.htm |date=2017-02-13 }}, ''koreanfood''. Diakses pada 1 Mei 2010.</ref> == Chodang Dubu == Salah sawijining papan panggonan tradisional sing [[Tahu|kondhang]] ing Korea yaiku Desa Chodang ing Provinsi Gangwon .<ref name="kangnung"/> Ing Chodang, tahu diolah nganggo banyu sagara saka ambané 3 meter ing ngisor pasir. Sejarah Chodang tahu asale saka panémuan musim semi ing 1500-an dening Heo Yeop, pegawai negeri sipil Joseon sing uga adhine [[Heo Nanseolheon]] . Sawise ngrasakaké rasa nyenengaké banyu Heo Yeop banjur digunakaké kanggo nggawé tahu. Dheweke nambahaké banyu sagara kanggo proses penebalan. Tahu sing digawé kanggo nggawé rasa unik. Nganti saiki, tradhisi nggawé tahu nganggo banyu sagara isih lumaku. Kutha asal ngerti jenenge kanthi jeneng pena Heo Yeop, yaiku Chodang. == Cathetan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * {{Ko icon}} [http://www.gncd.co.kr/chodang_02.htm tahu Chodang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124070514/http://www.gncd.co.kr/chodang_02.htm |date=2010-01-24 }} [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Koréa]] [[Kategori:Korea Kidul]] [[Kategori:Panganan Koréa]] q7en4txjlf5y6m69itw6dyp8596488a La Catrina 0 163803 1760219 1720629 2026-11-06T08:07:41Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760219 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Posada2.Catrina.jpeg|thumb|upright=1.35|Sawijining ilustrasi utawa gambar saka ''La Catrina'']] '''''La Calavera Catrina ''''' ('Dapper Skeleton', 'Elegant Skull') utawa '''''Catrina''''' '''''La Calavera Garbancera''''' iku sawijining kagunan (ing basa Indonésia: ''seni'') étsa ing sèng kang kondhang ing taun 1910&ndash;1913 lan digawé déning juru cithak saka Mèksiko, juru ilustrasi kartun, the Mexican printmaker, cartoon illustrator lan juru litografi, [[José Guadalupe Posada]].<ref name="artoftheprint">{{cite web|url=http://www.artoftheprint.com/artistpages/posada_jose_guadalupe_calaveracatrina.htm|title=Jose Guadalupe Posada, Calavera Catrina (Dapper Skeleton)|publisher=ArtofthePrint.com}}</ref> ''La Catrina'' iki minangka gambaran satir saka wong asli Mèksiko kang dirasa déning Posada seneng niru-niru utawa péning mèlu-mèlu ngadhaptasi tradhisi aristokrat saka Éropah ing jaman pra-révolusi. ''La Catrina'' wis dadi sawijining ikon ing Mèksiko nalika mèngeti ''[[Día de Muertos]]'' utawa "Dinané wong Mati". Kagunan étsa ing sèng iki nggambaraké bleger jrangkong wanodya kang nganggo topi. ''Chapeau en attente'' kang ana ing dhèwèké iku gegayutan karo gagrag Éropa ing wiwitané abad ka-20. Wedharan asliné nggambaraké sawijining wong kang isin karo asal asliné (''origin'') nuli dhèwèké macak nganggo klambi kang niru-niru wong Perancis, uga nganggo ''makeup'' kang kandel banget supaya kulité kétok luwih putih.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mexican-folk-art-guide.com/catrina.html|title=La Catrina|work=Copal, Mexican Folk Art at its best Online.|access-date=2018-10-27|archive-date=2018-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003195103/https://www.mexican-folk-art-guide.com/catrina.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing wedharan iki uga ana tembung ''garbancera'', sawijining julukan kanggo ngrujuk marang wong asli kono kang gawéané niru-niru budaya Éropah lan mungkiri warisan kabudayan asliné dhéwé.<ref name="rockypoint360">{{Cite news|url=http://rockypoint360.com/la-catrina-the-woman-of-mexico|title=La Catrina – The woman of Mexico|date=2012-10-30|work=Rocky Point 360|access-date=2018-10-27|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025150900/https://rockypoint360.com/la-catrina-the-woman-of-mexico/|archive-date=2018-10-25|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorklatinculture.com/catrina/|title=Catrina La Calavera Garbancera is the icon of Día de los Muertos|date=2018-09-25|work=New York Latin Culture Magazine|access-date=2018-10-27|language=en-US}}</ref> == Gladri == Macak lan klambèn dadi "Catrina" iku sawijining kostum kang populèr ing pèngetan [[Dinané wong Mati]] ing Mèksiko.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.allure.com/story/dia-de-los-muertos-makeup-tradition|title=5 Things to Know Before Doing Dia de Los Muertos Makeup|last=Devash|first=Meirav|work=Allure|access-date=2018-10-07|language=en}}</ref> <gallery mode="packed" heights="160" caption="[[Dinané wong Mati]], 2014."> Gambar:Serie Catrinas (1).jpg|Wanodya macak dadi Catrina Gambar:Niña Catrina (10).jpg|Wanodya macak dadi Catrina Gambar:Serie Catrinas (9).jpg|Sawijining wong macak dadi Catrina Gambar:Serie rostros de calavera (23).jpg|Bocah cilik macak dadi Catrina Gambar:Serie Catrinas (13).jpg|Wanodya macak dadi Catrina </gallery> == Rujukan == <references /> aqqsm6ahc293ng75glnqiqvmulmthpt Indonesia Warriors 0 163963 1760044 1751460 2026-11-05T22:42:05Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football club infobox | clubname = Indonesia Warriors | logo = Indonesia Warriors logo.png | image = | fullname = Indonesia Warriors Basketball Team | nickname = Laskar Dreya | founded = [[2011]] | ground = [[Mahaka Arena]],<br />[[Jakarta]], [[Indonésia]] | capacity = | chairman = {{Flagicon|INA}} [[Erick Thohir]] | president= {{Flagicon|INA}} [[Handy Soetedjo]] | manager = {{Flagicon|SRB}} [[Dusan Ignatov]] | league = [[IBL]] | season = 2019 | position = [[ABL]] (1)}} [[File:Official logo of ASEAN Basketball League.png|250px|right|thumb|Logo Liga Baskèt ASEAN kang naté dièloni déning Indonesia Warriors.]] '''Indonesia Warriors''' yaiku salah sawijining klub [[baskèt]] saka [[Indonésia]]. Tim iki dudu mung samubarang tim, ananging mèlu ing kompetisi Liga Baskèt ''Asean utawa [[Asean Basketball League]]'' (ABL) kang debut ing mangsa 2009-10. Sadurungé Indonésia disulihi déning [[Satria muda britama|Satria Muda]] ing liga baskèt Asean iki, banjur digantèni dening Indonesia Warriors. Taun 2012 dadi taun kuncarané Indonesia Warriors jalaran tim iki bisa ngancik tuméka babak ''playoff'' Liga Baskèt Asean kanthi urutan nomer telu ing papan klasemèn lan diakoni dadi lelakon kang paling gedhé kang wis naté dilakoni.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bola.net/basket/playoff-abl-tantangan-terbesar-indonesia-warriors-b1ede9.html|title=Playoff ABL, Tantangan Terbesar Indonesia Warriors|last=Bola.net|first=|date=2012-05-22|website=www.bola.net|language=id|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> Tim kang diduwèni déning salah siji mentri ing [[Kabinèt Indonésia Maju]] yaiku [[Erick Thohir]] iki ing taun 2012 bakal lumawan tim saka [[Pilipina|Filipina]] yaiku [[Philippine Patriots]] ing kanthi sistem babak ''best of three''. Erick Thohir dhapuk [[Handy Soetedjo]] minangka prèsidhèn tim lan kagabung ing [[Mahaka Sports]], Indonesia Warriors duwè kandhang jenengé yaiku [[Mahaka Arena]] utawa yèn nganggo jeneng seponsor dadi Britama Arena. == Juwara == Indonèsia Warriors tundhoné kasil nggayuh piala Liga Baskèt Asean ing taun 2012, sawisé ngalahaké [[San Miguel Beermen]] kanthi angka 78-76 ing gim katelu kang diadani ing [[Ynares Sport Arena]], Filipina. Asil kasebut yaiku asil kang wis diantu-antu lawasé rong muangsa sadurungé bisa dadi juwara baskèt ing [[ASEAN|Asean]] utawa Asia Kidul Wétan iki. Mangsa sepisan Indonesia warriors mung kasil nggayuh nomer loro sawisé kalah kanthi agrégat 3-0 saka wakil Filipina liyané yaiku [[Philippine Patriots]], déné ing mangsa candhaké malah nuduhaké préstasi kang luwih èlèk yaiku kalah ing babak règulèr. Ing final Indonesia Warriors bisa tampil kanthi prakosa lan ora kéngguh déning para panjurung San Miguel Beermen kang ngebaki aréna tetandhingan. Ngendelaké pamain gabungan antara lokal lan impor Warriors bisa ngasoraké Beermen senadyan tim saka Filipina iku kondhang minangka tim kang kuwat, piala Liga Baskèt Asean kasil digondhol menyang Indonésia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beritasatu.com/olahraga/57319/indonesia-warriors-juara-abl-2012|title=Indonesia Warriors Juara ABL 2012|last=Berita Satu|first=|date=2012-06-30|website=www.beritasatu.com|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225031223/https://www.beritasatu.com/olahraga/57319/indonesia-warriors-juara-abl-2012|archive-date=2019-12-25|url-status=dead|access-date=2019-12-25}}</ref> == Dhaptar Pamain Taun 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sport.detik.com/basket/d-2137483/indonesia-warriors-perkenalkan-tim-untuk-abl-2013|title=Indonesia Warriors Perkenalkan Tim untuk ABL 2013|last=Sport|first=Detik|date=2013-01-09|website=Detik com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225054703/https://sport.detik.com/basket/d-2137483/indonesia-warriors-perkenalkan-tim-untuk-abl-2013|archive-date=2019-12-25|url-status=dead|access-date=2019-12-25}}</ref>== * {{flagicon|INA}} [[Mario Wuysang]] * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Christoper Vondrell Daniels]] * {{flagicon|NED}} [[Swen de Ruijter]] * {{flagicon|INA}} [[Amin Prihantono]] * {{flagicon|INA}} [[Frans Tjaswadi]] * {{flagicon|PHI}} [[Jerick Uy Cañada]] * {{flagicon|INA}} [[Agustinus Indrajaya Saputra]] * {{flagicon|INA}} [[Donny Ristianto]] * {{flagicon|INA}} [[Christian Ronaldo Sitepu]] * {{flagicon|PHI}} [[John Albert Dudley Smith]] * {{flagicon|PHI}} [[Richard Smith]] * {{flagicon|PHI}} [[Stanley Pringle]] * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Steven Demon Thomas]] == Pemain Indonesia Warriors 2011-2015 == [[File:PBA - Globalport vs Barako Bull - Stanley Pringle-GlobalPort - 2015-1225 (23346719874).jpg|250px|right|thumb|Stan Pringle salah siji pamain Indonesia Warriors]] * {{flagicon|INA}} Youbel Sondakh * {{flagicon|INA}} Welyanson Situmorang * {{flagicon|INA}} [[Mario Wuysang]] * {{flagicon|PHI}} [[Stanley Pringle]] * {{flagicon|USA}} Steve Thomas * {{flagicon|PHI}} John Smith * {{flagicon|PHI}} Richard Smith * {{flagicon|USA}} Chris Daniels * {{flagicon|PHI}} Jerick Canada * {{flagicon|PHI}} [[Francis Adriano]] * {{flagicon|PHI}} Ricky Ricafuente * {{flagicon|PHI}} Marlon Legaspi * {{flagicon|USA}} Nakiea Miller * {{flagicon|INA}} Achmad Adiyanto * {{flagicon|NED}} Swen De Ruijter * {{flagicon|INA}} Amin Prihantono * {{flagicon|INA}} Christian Ronaldo Sitepu * {{flagicon|INA}} Ronny Gunawan * {{flagicon|INA}} Raka Cokorda * {{flagicon|PHI}} J.R. Aquino * {{flagicon|INA}} Ryan Febrian * {{flagicon|INA}} Fattah Arifin * {{flagicon|PHI}} [[Allan Salangsang]] * {{flagicon|INA}} Arki Dikania Wisnu * {{flagicon|INA}} Doni Ristanto * {{flagicon|INA}} Frans Tjaswadi * {{flagicon|USA}} Evan Brock * {{flagicon|USA}} Jonathan Larry Smith * {{flagicon|PHI}} Joey Mente * {{flagicon|PHI}} Robert Sanz * {{flagicon|USA}} Marcus Morrison * {{flagicon|PHI}} Ronald Capati * {{flagicon|PHI}} Don Camaso * {{flagicon|PHI}} Mark Magsumbol * {{flagicon|USA}} Alex Hartman * {{flagicon|PHI}} Rensy Bajar * {{flagicon|USA}} Theo Little == Dhaptar Palatih == * {{flagicon|INA}} Fictor Roring (2009-10) * {{flagicon|INA}} Ocky Tamtelahitu (2010-11) * {{flagicon|USA}} John Todd Purves (2012-13) * {{flagicon|SRB}} Dusan Ignatov === Asistèn Palatih === [[File:Christian-ronaldo-sitepu-566d211245fb8-400x400.png|250px|right|thumb Christian Ronaldo Sitepu]] Mligi kanggo salah siji tilas pamainé yaiku Christian Ronaldo Sitepu, ing mangsa 2019 iki dhèwèké kadhapuk minangka asistèn palatih Indonesia Warriors. Pria kang kulina diceluk Dodo iku ngayahi gati lan biyantu palatih utama kang asalé saka Serbia yaiku Dusan Ignatov. Kadhapuké Dodo minangka asistèn palatih Warriors gawé mongkog kanca-kanca sabarakané kang nganggep Dodo kalebu legéndha baskèt Indonésia. Dodo kang naté ngrengkuh juwara baskèt nasional kaping wolu duwèni gegayuhan bésuk tembé bisa gawa medhali emas ing ajang [[Pèsta Olahraga Negara-Negara Asia Kidul-wétan 2011|Sea Games]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://olahraga.kompas.com/read/2019/02/02/18210018/kebanggaan-christian-ronaldo-sitepu-jadi-asisten-pelatih-indonesia-warriors|title=Kebanggaan Christian Ronaldo Sitepu Jadi Asisten Pelatih Indonesia Warriors|last=Laksamana|first=Nugyasa|date=2019-02-02|website=Kompas|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-25}}</ref>. == Mundur saka ''ABL'' == Indonésia ing Asean wis kondhang minangka salah siji nagara kang mèlu madegaké Asean, kalebu ing ulah raga baskèt Indonésia uga mèlu nggagas anané Liga Baskèt Asean kalawan [[Brunéi Darussalam]], Filipina, [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura|Singapur]], lan Tailan. Nanging émané wiwit taun 2015 Indonésia wis ancang-ancang bakal oncad saka kompetisi kasebut. Warriors mutusaké kanggo mundur jalaran péngin ajeg nggatekaké ing kompetisi baskèt lokal yaiku ''Indonesia Basketball League'' utawa IBL. Pangurus tim Warriors ngrasa yèn tim kang mèlu kompetisi kudu duwé anggaran lan target bisnis kang cetha, ora goroh minangka ulah raga saiki ora amung ngrembug bab ulah raga, nanging ya ngrembug bab bathi-tunané ngubengaké dhuwit ana cawang ulah raga baskét iki<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sport.viva.co.id/sport/basket/580263-indonesia-pendiri-abl-yang-terancam-absen-musim-ini|title=Indonesia, Pendiri ABL yang Terancam Absen Musim Ini|last=Ruriansyah|first=Edwan|date=2015-01-21|website=Viva|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-25}}</ref>. == Mèlu IBL == Ing dinané saiki Indonesia Warriors malih dadi tim kang ngemong pamain-pamain baskèt umur enom, lan dicepakaké kanggo mèlu Piala Donya Baskèt [https://www.fiba.basketball FIBA] kang bakal diadani ing Indonésia lan siji nagara Asia Kidul Wétan liyane. Tim iki nggelar gladhèn ana ing komplèk ulah raga [[Gelora Bung Karno]], Jakarta atas dhasar pamikirané Perbasi kanggo ngundhakaké méntal lan kualitas para pamainé. Indonésia Warriors bakal jajal ing gim sepisan lumawan [[NSH Jakarta]] ing [https://iblindonesia.com IBL] seri 5 mapan anèng kutha [[Bandhung]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jawapos.com/sports/basket/24/01/2019/tingkatkan-kualitas-dan-mental-indonesia-warriors-ikut-kompetisi-ibl/|title=Indonesia Warriors Peserta IBL|last=Rahmat|first=Bintang|date=2019-01-24|website=Jawa Pos|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-25}}</ref>. === Dhaptar Pamain Indonesia Warriors ing IBL: === * {{flagicon|INA}} Yudha Saputra – posisi PG * {{flagicon|INA}} Darryl Sebastian – posisi SG * {{flagicon|INA}} Dandung O’Neil Pamungkas – posisi SG * {{flagicon|INA}} Erick Jonathan Gosal – posisi PF * {{flagicon|INA}} Nickson Damara Gosal – posisi PF * {{flagicon|INA}} Yesaya Alessandro Michael Joseph Saudale – posisi PG * {{flagicon|INA}} Kelvin Sanjaya – posisi C * {{flagicon|INA}} Aldy Izzatur Rachman – posisi SF * {{flagicon|INA}} Muhammad Fhirdan Maulana Guntara – posisi SF * {{flagicon|INA}} Ananda Farroz Habibillah – posisi SF * {{flagicon|INA}} Ali Bagir Wayarabi Alhadar – posisi SF * {{flagicon|INA}} Muhamad Arighi Hardan – posisi SG * {{flagicon|INA}} William Rivaldi Kosasih – posisi C * {{flagicon|MNE}} Miodrag Stojig – posisi PG * {{flagicon|INA}} Luka Radusin – posisi C == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Baskèt]] [[Kategori:Indonésia]] [[Kategori:ASEAN]] [[Kategori:Ulah raga]] ndavc5f3jfs48db0kgopmoedm3y8wp3 Masita Mahmudin 0 163999 1760264 1716730 2026-11-06T10:35:06Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox badminton player | name = Masita Mahmudin | image = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1995|3|2}} | birth_place = [[Jambi (kutha)|Jambi]], [[Jambi]], Indonesia | height = {{convert|1.67|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|59|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | event = Gandha putri lan campuran | years active = | highest_ranking = 217 (WD 27 August 2015<br /> 65 (XD 19 Januari 2017) | date_of_highest_ranking = | current_ranking = | date_of_current_ranking = | country = {{INA}} | handedness = Tengen | best_result = | bwf_id = 226728C5-16BC-4101-AF62-4E89FF5BACBE | medal_templates = {{MedalSport |[[Badminton Putri]] }} {{MedalCountry | {{INA}} }} {{MedalCompetition | [[Kajuwaraan Donya Yunior BWF|Kajuwaraan Donya Yunior]] }} {{MedalSilver | [[Kajuwaraan Donya Yunior BWF 2013|Bangkok 2013]] | [[Kajuwaraan Donya Yunior BWF 2013 – Gandha Campuran|Gandha Campuran]] }} {{MedalSilver | [[Kajuwaraan Donya Yunior BWF 2013|Bangkok 2013]] | [[Kajuwaraan Donya Yunior BWF 2013 – Nomer Tim|Tim Campuran]] }} {{MedalCompetition | [[Kajuwaraan Badminton Yunior Asia|Kajuwaraan Asia Yunior]] }} {{MedalBronze | [[Kajuwaraan Badminton Yunior Asia 2013|Kota Kinabalu 2013]] | Tim Campuran }} }} '''Masita Mahmudin''' yaiku salah sawijining pamain badminton saka [[Indonésia]]. Dhèwèké lair ing [[Jambi]] tanggal [[2 Maret]] [[1995]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://badmintonindonesia.org/app/profile/aktif.aspx?id=000010615|title=Profil Pemain Bulutangkis Aktif Persatuan Bulutangkis Seluruh Indonesia|last=Persatuan Bulu Tangkis Seluruh Indonesia|first=|date=2018-12-12|website=Persatuan Bulu Tangkis Seluruh Indonesia|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> Masita saiki kagabung ana klub [[Jaya Raya Jakarta]] lan uga mèlu ana ing pelatnas PBSI ing [[Cipayung, Jakarta Wétan|Cipayung]]. Manawa pamaca ngertèni Masita biyèné dadi mitra mainé [[Kevin Sanjaya Sukamuljo|Kèvin Sanjaya Sukamuljo]] nalika ing gandha campuran tingkat yunior, sadurungé kaloroné dipisah jalaran Kèvin main ing nomer gandha putra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bolastylo.bolasport.com/read/171654821/begini-reaksi-mantan-pasangan-kevin-sanjaya-saat-dapat-ucapan-selamat-ulang-tahun-dari-rian-ardianto?page=all|title=Begini Reaksi Mantan Pasangan Kevin Sanjaya Saat Dapat Ucapan Selamat Ulang Tahun dari Rian Ardianto|last=Rozalina|first=Ananda|date=2019-02-03|website=Bolastylo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230031725/https://bolastylo.bolasport.com/read/171654821/begini-reaksi-mantan-pasangan-kevin-sanjaya-saat-dapat-ucapan-selamat-ulang-tahun-dari-rian-ardianto%3Fpage%3Dall|archive-date=2019-12-30|url-status=dead|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> == Karir == Saiki Masita isih ajeg main ing nomer gandhamalah sawisé ora dadi mitrané Kèvin, Masita naté memitran kalawan pamain [[Amri Syahnawi]] ing nomer gandha campuran. Masita uga naté meitran kalawan pamain badminton saka Inggris yaiku [[Fee Teng Liew]] ing nomer gandha putri. Wiwit cilik Masita wis ngatonaké bakaté dadi pamain badminton pinunjul, kabukti dhèwèké kasil ngrengkuh medhali pérak ing Kajuwaraan Donya Junior BWF taun [[2013]] sawisé kalah déning gandha [[Républik Rakyat Cina]]. Dalané pamain kaloro kasebut saiki wis béda, Kèvin wis dadi pamain gandha putra paling apik sadonya bareng [[Marcus Férnaldi Gidéon]], déné Masita isih waé jingglengi pelatnas PBSI lan main ing tingkat ''Grand Prix''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indosport.com/sportainment/20191208/eks-pasangan-kevin-sanjaya-mesra-dengan-pebulutangkis-magang|title=Pernah Romantis dengan Kevin Sanjaya Sukamuljo, Si Cantik Masita Mahmudin Mesra dengan Pemain Magang Pelatnas PBSI Adnan Maulana|last=Martini|first=Martini|date=2019-12-08|website=Indo Sport|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209103152/https://www.indosport.com/sportainment/20191208/eks-pasangan-kevin-sanjaya-mesra-dengan-pebulutangkis-magang|archive-date=2019-12-09|url-status=dead|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> == Mitra lan rangking == Masita Mahmudin pamain kang duwé kaluwihan mligi ing nomer gandha iki wis makaping-kaping ganti mitra main sajroning karire, mitra-mitrané kaya ta: * Lya Érsalita (rangking 227 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history/|title=Masita Mahmudin Ranking History Partner Lya Ersalita|last=BWF|first=Admin|date=2014-08-14|website=BWF Badminton|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Wèni Anggraini (rangking 375 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=9&partner_id=88699|title=Masita Mahmudin Ranking History Partner Weni Anggraini|last=BWF|first=Admin|date=2017-07-13|website=BWF Badminton|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Shéla Dèvi Aulia (rangking 217 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=9&partner_id=92215|title=Masita Mahmudin Ranking History Partner Shela Devi Aulia|last=BWF|first=Admin|date=2015-08-27|website=BWF Badminton|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Zarra Faza Azka (rangking 371 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=9&partner_id=83932|title=Masita Mahmudin Ranking History Partner Zarra Faza Azka|last=BWF|first=Admin|date=2018-01-25|website=BWF Badminton|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Uswatun Khasanah (rangking 414 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=9&partner_id=79987|title=Masita Mahmudin Ranking History Partner Uswatun Khasanah|last=BWF|first=Admin|date=2014-07-17|website=BWF Badminton|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Marétha Déa Giovani (rangking 413 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=9&partner_id=77005|title=Masita Mahmudin Ranking History Partner Maretha Dea Giovani|last=BWF|first=Admin|date=2019-08-13|website=BWF Badminton|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Fee Tèng Liew (rangking 430 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=9&partner_id=83940|title=Masita Mahmudin Ranking History Partner Fee Teng Liew|last=BWF|first=Admin|date=2019-11-26|website=BWF Badminton|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Lukhi Apri Nugroho (rangking 81 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=10&partner_id=58661|title=Masita Mahmudin Ranking History Partner Lukhi APri Nugroho|last=BWF|first=Admin|date=2015-02-18|website=BWF Badminton|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Riky Widianto (rangking 97 BWF lan 81 Tur Donya BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=10&partner_id=54175|title=Masita Mahmudin Ranking History Partner Riky Widianto|last=BWF|first=Admin|date=2018-10-11|website=BWF Badminton|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Rian Swastedian (rangking 275 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=10&partner_id=73606|title=Masita Mahmudin Ranking History Partner Rian Swastedian|last=BWF|first=Admin|date=2018-01-25|website=BWF Badminton|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-31}}</ref> *Krishna Adi Nugraha (rangking 510 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=10&partner_id=68647|title=Masita Mahmudin Ranking History Partner Krishna Adi Nugraha|last=BWF|first=Admin|date=2018-08-16|website=BWF Badminton|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Kèvin Sanjaya Sukamuljo (rangking 505 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=10&partner_id=80057|title=Masita MAHMUDIN {{!}} RANKING HISTORY {{!}} Profile|last=BWF|first=Admin|date=|website=bwfbadminton.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Adnan Maulana (rangking 278 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=10&partner_id=63571|title=Masita MAHMUDIN {{!}} RANKING HISTORY {{!}} Profile|website=bwfbadminton.com|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Hafiz Faizal (rangking 173 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=10&partner_id=12557|title=Masita MAHMUDIN {{!}} RANKING HISTORY {{!}} Profile|website=bwfbadminton.com|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Muhammad Rian Ardianto (rangking 152 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=10&partner_id=91130|title=Masita MAHMUDIN {{!}} RANKING HISTORY {{!}} Profile|website=bwfbadminton.com|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Amri Syahnawi (rangking 487 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=10&partner_id=76281|title=Masita MAHMUDIN {{!}} RANKING HISTORY {{!}} Profile|website=bwfbadminton.com|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Alfian Eko Prasetya (rangking 234 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=10&partner_id=94598|title=Masita MAHMUDIN {{!}} RANKING HISTORY {{!}} Profile|website=bwfbadminton.com|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Rafiddias Akhdan Nugroho (rangking 69 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=10&partner_id=65925|title=Masita MAHMUDIN {{!}} RANKING HISTORY {{!}} Profile|website=bwfbadminton.com|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> *Edi Subaktiar (rangking 285 BWF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/73134/masita-mahmudin/ranking-history?category_id=10&partner_id=77978|title=Masita MAHMUDIN {{!}} RANKING HISTORY {{!}} Profile|website=bwfbadminton.com|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> == Tetandhingan == Gandha Campuran {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Taun ! Kajuwaraan ! Mitra ! Mungsuh ! Angka ! Asil |- |- style="background:#E9E9E9" | align="center" | 2018 | align="left" | [[Singapur Internasional]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Adnan Maulana]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Yeung Ming Nok]] <br /> {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Ng Tsz Yau]] | align="left" | 21–19, 7–21, 18–21 | style="text-align: left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Perak]] '''Perak''' |- |- style="background:#E9E9E9" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | [[Seri Internasional Vietnam|Vietnam Internasional]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Rian Swastedian]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Tan Kian Meng]] <br /> {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Peck Yen Wei]] | align="left" | 21–13, 19–21, 21–17 | style="text-align: left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Emas]] '''Emas''' |- |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2015 | align="left" | [[Vietnam Internasional]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Hafiz Faizal]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Fran Kurniawan]] <br /> {{flagicon|INA}} [[Komala Dewi]] | align="left" | 14–21, 11–21 | style="text-align: left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Perak]] '''Perak''' |- |- style="background:#E9E9E9" | align="center" | 2014 | align="left" | [[Indonésia Internasional]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Lukhi Apri Nuroho]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Hafiz Faizal]] <br /> {{flagicon|INA}} [[Shella Devi Aulia]] | align="left" | 23–21, 18–21, 21–14 | style="text-align: left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Emas]] '''Emas''' |} == Bebungah == Sadawané mèlu tetandhingan akèh-akèhé bebungah kang dipikolèhi déning Masita yaiku ing tingkat yunior. ==== Kajuwaraan Donya Yunior BWF ==== Gandha Campuran {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" ! Taun ! Panggonan ! Mitra ! Mungsuh ! Angka ! Asil |- style="background:#98FB98" | align="center" | [[Kajuwaraan Donya Yunior BWF 2013 – Gandha Campuran|2013]] | align="left" | [[Hua Mark Indoor Stadhion]],<br>[[Bangkok]], [[Tailan]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Kevin Sanjaya Sukamuljo]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Kaixiang]] <br /> {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Chen Qingchen]] | align="left" | 18–21, 22–20, 21–23 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Perak]] '''Perak''' |} ==== BWF Grand Prix (Tanpa Gelar, Juwara 2) ==== BWF Grand Prix duwé rong tingkatan, yaiku [[BWF Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold|''BWF Grand Prix and Grand Prix Emas'']]. Kajuwaraan badminton kang diadani déning BWF sadawané taun déning [[Badminton World Federation|BWF]] kawit 2007. Gandha Campuran {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Year ! Tournament ! Partner ! Opponent ! Score ! Result |- style="background:#D4F1C5" | align="center" | [[2017 Vietnam Grand Prix Tinarbuka#Finals 5|2017]] | align="left" | [[Vietnam Tinarbuka (badminton)|Vietnam Tinarbuka]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Riky Widianto]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Alfian Eko Prasetya]] <br /> {{flagicon|INA}} [[Melati Daeva Oktavianti]] | align="left" | 14–21, 14–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Perak]] '''Perak''' |} == Uga delengen == *[[Liliyana Natsir|Lilyana Natsir]] *[[Nitya Krishinda Maheswari|Nitya Krishinda Mahèswari]] *[[Tania Oktaviani Kusumah]] *[[Vita Marissa]] *[[Winny Oktavina Kandow]] == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala jaba == * [https://www.instagram.com/masitamahmudin Masita Mahmudin] ing [[Instagram]]. [[Kategori:Pamain badminton]] [[Kategori:Pamain badminton Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Atlet Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Lair 1995]] 9voemx1hyapza1tgg44ge1cv1m1ohqi Lambretta 0 164127 1760221 1751482 2026-11-06T08:12:30Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Lambretta | logo = <!--Lambretta logo.png--> | image = 1966 Innocenti Lambretta Li125 Special Metallic Blue 1.jpg | image_caption = 1966 Lambretta Li 125 Spesial | defunct = 1972 | fate = Resurrected via Innocenti S.A. Lugano, [[Switserlan]] | key_people = [[Ferdinando Innocenti]] | industry = [[Scooter (motorcycle)|skuter]] | products = Lambretta, Lambro, Serveta lan Siambretta | num_employees = | parent = [[Innocenti]] | subsid = Lambretta Licensing Ltd. lan Lambretta GmbH | website = {{URL|lambretta.com}} | foundation = {{Start date and age|1947|df=yes}} | location = [[Milan]], [[Italia]] }} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (ꦭꦩ꧀ꦧꦿꦺꦠ꧀ꦠ) ({{IPA-it|lamˈbretta}}) yaiku [[pit montor]] [[skuter]] sing wiwitani diprodhuksi saka kutha [[Milan (disambiguasi)|Milan]], [[Italia]] dening [[Innocenti]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lambrettascooters.com/about/|title=Lambretta Scooters - About|website=Lambretta|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-16|archive-date=2020-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408081601/https://www.lambrettascooters.com/about/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jeneng "Lambretta" dijupuk saka aran bengawan Lambro kang liwati distrik Lambrate, jeneng "Lambretta" ugi dijupuk saka tembung "Lambrus" kang dhuwé erti 'énthéng (boboté), gesit lan cepet'.<ref name=":0" /> ==Modél misuwur== {| class="wikitable" |+Perbedaan Spesifikasi Lambretta V125<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lambrettascooters.com/v125-special/|title=Lambretta Scooters - V125 Special|website=Lambretta|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-02|archive-date=2023-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603152510/https://www.lambrettascooters.com/v125-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> dan V200<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lambrettascooters.com/v200-special/|title=Lambretta Scooters - V200 Special|website=Lambretta|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-02|archive-date=2019-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924210710/https://www.lambrettascooters.com/v200-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> !Fitur !Model V125 !Model V200 |- |Tipe mesin |Single cylinder, 4-stroke, air cooled |Single cylinder, 4-stroke, air cooled |- |Displacement |124,7&nbsp;cm³ |169&nbsp;cm³ |- |Daya Maksimum |7,5&nbsp;kW@8500 rpm |8,8&nbsp;kW@8000 rpm |- |Ignition |ECU |ECU |- |Kecepatan Maks |95&nbsp;km/h |100&nbsp;km/h |- |Panjang |1890&nbsp;mm |1890&nbsp;mm |- |Lebar |695&nbsp;mm |695&nbsp;mm |- |Tinggi |1115&nbsp;mm |1115&nbsp;mm |- |Tinggi kursi |~ 800&nbsp;mm |~ 800&nbsp;mm |- |Kapasitas tangki |6 L ± 0,2 L |6 L ± 0,2 L |- |Rem Depan |Hydraulic disc: Ø 226&nbsp;mm |Hydraulic disc: Ø 226&nbsp;mm (ABS) |- |Rem Belakang |Hydraulic disc: Ø 220&nbsp;mm (CBS) |Hydraulic disc: Ø 220&nbsp;mm |- |Konsumsi bahan bakar |2,8 l/100&nbsp;km |2,9 l/100&nbsp;km |} ==Sejarah== Lambretta awit nalika Ferdinando Innocenti gawé pabrik baja ing Roma ing taun 1922. Innocenti banjur nggedhekake kanthi mbangun pabrik tabung baja sing luwih gedhé ing Milan ing taun 1931. Pabrik baja iku dhuwé pegawé udhakara 6.000 uwong. Nanging pabrik-pabik kasebut ancur saka dibom amarga [[Perang Donya II|Perang Dunya II]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idntimes.com/automotive/motorbike/dwi-agustiar/kisah-lambretta-kembalinya-legenda-skuter-pesaing-vespa|title=Kisah Lambretta, Kembalinya Legenda Skuter Pesaing Vespa|last=Times|first=I. D. N.|last2=Agustiar|first2=Dwi|website=IDN Times|language=id|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref> {{Infobox company |name = Automobile Products saka India / Scooters India Ltd |logo = |caption = |founder = |foundation = 1972 |location_city = [[Bombay]] / [[Lucknow]] |location_country = India |key_people = |num_employees = |industry = [[Scooter (motorcycle)|Skuter]] |products = Lambretta, Lamby, Vijay, Vikram, Lambro |revenue = |parent = |owner = |net_income = |homepage = {{URL|http://www.scootersindia.com}} }} == Garis waktu saka modél == === Italia === ==== Innocenti ==== *[[Lambretta Model A|Model A]], 1947–1948 *[[Lambretta Model B|Model B]], 1948–1950 *[[Lambretta Model C|Model C & LC]], 1950–1951 *Model D, 1951–1957 *Model LD, 1951–1958 *Model E, 1953–1954 *Model F, 1954–1955 *[[Lambretta TV200|TV Series 1]], 1957–1959 *Li Series 1, 1958–1959 *Li Series 2, 1959–1961 *[[Lambretta TV200|TV Series 2]], 1959–1962 *Li Series 3, 1961–1968 *[[Lambretta TV200|TV/GT Range]], 1962–1965 *[[Lambretta Li 125 Special|Li Special]], 1963–1969 *J Range, 1964–1971 *[[Lambretta SX200|SX Range]], 1966–1969 *Li Series 4, 1967-1968 *Lui/Vega/Cometa, 1968–1970 *[[Lambretta GP/DL|GP/DL Range]], 1969–1971 ==== Innocenti S.A ==== [[Lambretta V-Special|V-Special]], 2017-present ''sumber: Den Of The Lambretta, Buyers Guide''<ref name="DenOfTheLambrettaBuyersGuide">{{cite web |author=Paul Sachelari |title=Den Of The Lambretta, Buyers Guide |url=http://scooterlounge.com/lambretta/buyers-guide/index.shtml |website= |publisher= |date=2007–2009 |accessdate= |archive-date=2020-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207220426/http://scooterlounge.com/lambretta/buyers-guide/index.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lambretta Club of Great Britain<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilambretta.co.uk/lambrettascooters/|title=Lambretta Scooters|website=www.ilambretta.co.uk|access-date=2019-09-24}}</ref> British Lambretta Archives<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britishlambrettaarchive.co.uk/|title=Home|website=www.britishlambrettaarchive.co.uk|access-date=2019-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105010448/http://www.britishlambrettaarchive.co.uk/|archive-date=2019-11-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lambretta Official<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lambretta.com/home/|title=Home|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-24}}</ref> <!--information on each model's production dates is at the bottom of its individual page--> ==Galeri== <gallery mode="packed"> File:125 Al.jpg|Model Original Lambretta saka Cesare Pallavicino File:Lambretta Roller.JPG|Lambretta GT 200 File:Lambretta 150 ld (2).JPG|Lambretta 150 ld File:NSU Lambretta, 149 cm³, 6 PS, Bj. 1955 (Sp).JPG|NSU Lambretta saka taun 1955 File:Lambretta 48.jpg|Lambretta 48 Moped File:1960 Lambretta Li 175 Series 2.jpg|1960 Lambretta Li (Lambro) 175 Seri 2 </gallery> == Réferénsi == {{reflist|2}} ==Pranala jaba== *{{commons category inline|Lambretta scooters}} {{Major Italian motorcycle manufacturers}} [[Kategori:Kendaraan]] 5p3jaemems3z1uvllc8bml7dhsk2iaz Lexus UX 0 164303 1760238 1756363 2026-11-06T08:51:13Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox automobile|name=Lexus UX (ZA10)|engine={{unbulleted list | 2.0 L ''[[Toyota dynamic force engines#M20A-FKS|M20A-FKS]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] ([[Petrol engine|petrol]], 200) | 2.0 L ''[[Toyota dynamic force engines#M20A-FXS|M20A-FXS]]'' I4 (petrol [[Hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]], 250h) }}|height={{convert|1540|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}|width={{convert|1840|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}|length={{convert|4495|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}|wheelbase={{convert|2640|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref name="PaulTan-2018-03-07"/>|charging=6.6 kW [[Alternating current|AC]], 50 kW [[Direct current|DC]] (300e)<ref name="300ereview"/>|electric_range={{unbulleted list | {{convert|400|km|mile|0|abbr=on}} (300e, [[New European Driving Cycle|NEDC]])<ref name="300e">{{cite press release |url=https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/lexus/30609957.html?padid=ag478_from_kv |title=World premiere of Lexus' first EV, the UX 300e |publisher=Toyota |date=2019-11-22 |access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref> | {{convert|299|km|mile|0|abbr=on}} (300e, [[Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure|WLTP]])<ref name="autocar-2020">{{cite news |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/lexus-ux-300e-more-details-revealed-first-lexus-ev |title=Lexus UX 300e: more details revealed for first Lexus EV |first=James |last=Attwood |work=Autocar |location=UK |date=2020-01-14 |access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref> }}|battery=54.3 [[kW·h]] [[Lithium-ion battery|lithium-ion]] (300e)<ref name="300edebut"/>|transmission={{unbulleted list | [[Continuously variable transmission|CVT]] (200) | eCVT (250h) }}|powerout={{unbulleted list | {{convert|125|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} (200) | {{convert|131|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} (250h) }}|motor={{convert|150|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} ''4KM'' [[Synchronous motor|synchronous]] (300e)<ref name="300edebut">{{cite press release |url=https://lexus.jp/brand/motor_show/guangzhou2019/ |title=LEXUS ‐ 広州モーターショー2019｜MOTOR SHOW |trans-title=LEXUS-Guangzhou Motor Show 2019 {{!}} MOTOR SHOW |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |year=2019 |access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref><ref name="300ereview">{{cite web |url=https://www.carsales.com.au/editorial/details/lexus-ux-300e-2020-review-121753/ |title=Lexus UX 300e 2020 Review |first=Feann |last=Torr |publisher=carsales |location=Australia |date=2019-11-22 |access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref>|related=[[Toyota C-HR]]|image=2020 Lexus UX 250h F Sport CVT 4X2 2.0 Front.jpg|platform=[[Toyota New Global Architecture|TNGA]]: GA-C<ref name="worlddebut">{{cite press release |url=https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/lexus/21357143.html |title=World Debut of the Lexus UX, a New Genre of Crossover |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |date=2018-03-06 |access-date=2018-03-09}}</ref>|layout={{unbulleted list | [[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, front-wheel-drive]] | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, four-wheel-drive]] }}|body_style=5-door [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]|class=[[Compact executive car|Subcompact luxury]] [[Crossover (automobile)|crossover SUV]]|designer=Chika Kako (2013)<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://media.lexus.co.uk/2018/11/creating-the-new-lexus-ux-chief-engineer-chika-kako-on-the-influences-behind-lexuss-urban-crossover/ |title=Creating the New Lexus UX: Chief Engineer Chika Kako on the Influences Behind Lexus's Urban Crossover |publisher=Lexus |location=UK |date=2018-11-12 |access-date=2019-02-20 |archive-date=2019-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225024022/https://media.lexus.co.uk/2018/11/creating-the-new-lexus-ux-chief-engineer-chika-kako-on-the-influences-behind-lexuss-urban-crossover/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>|assembly=Japan: [[Miyawaka, Fukuoka]] ([[Miyata plant]])<ref name="Toyota starts production of all-new Lexus UX small SUV in Japan"/>|model_years=2019–present|production=December 2018 – present<ref name="Toyota starts production of all-new Lexus UX small SUV in Japan">{{cite web |url=https://www.marklines.com/en/news/220942 |title=Toyota starts production of all-new Lexus UX small SUV in Japan |publisher=MarkLines |location=US |date=2018-12-06 |access-date=2019-04-28}}</ref>|manufacturer=[[Lexus]] ([[Toyota]])|caption=2020 Lexus UX 250h F Sport (MZAH10)|weight={{unbulleted list | {{convert|1470|–|1500|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} (200) | {{convert|1550|–|1640|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} (250h) | {{convert|1900|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} (300e)<ref name="300ereview"/> }}}} '''Lexus UX''' (Basa Jepang: レ ク ス ・ U UX, Rekusasu UX) minangka salah sawijining SUV silang kompro mewah saka Lexus, divisi mewah saka Toyota. Dikenal ing Maret 2018 Geneva Motor Show minangka model kawin silang paling cilik ing barisan Lexus ', sing ana ing ngisor NX kompak. Iki uga minangka model Lexus pertama sing nggunakake platform GA-C. Jeneng "UX" tegese "Urban Explorer". Miturut Lexus, kendharaan duwe "desain sing wani lan apik sing nyampurake awak ekspresif kanthi ukuran kompak". Lexus ngajokaken UC "kredensial silang" liwat "kaku awak sing luar biasa lan pusat gravitasi sing kurang kanggo nangani luar biasa". UX dilengkapi karo Sistem Keamanan Lexus + 2.0 minangka peralatan standar.<ref name="motoring">{{cite news|url=https://www.motoring.com.au/geneva-motor-show-lexus-ux-compact-suv-revealed-111315/|title=GENEVA MOTOR SHOW: Lexus UX compact SUV revealed|date=2018-02-27|work=Motoring|access-date=2018-02-27|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310052359/https://www.motoring.com.au/geneva-motor-show-lexus-ux-compact-suv-revealed-111315/|archive-date=2021-03-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Jinis == === UX 200 === UX 200 digawé nganggo mesin bensin 2.0 L M20A-FKS I4 sing dikandhani nganggo Direct Shift miturut variabel transmisi / CVT.<ref name="press-release-2018-06-03">{{cite press release|url=https://lexusenthusiast.com/2018/03/06/introducing-the-lexus-ux-200-lexus-ux-250h/|title=Introducing the Lexus UX 200 & UX 250h|publisher=Toyota|location=US|date=2018-03-06|access-date=2018-08-09|via=Lexus Enthusiast}}</ref> === UX 250h === UX 250h miguakaké jinis mesin hibrida bensin L L M20A-FXS I4 sing dikandhani nganggo eCVT. Kasedhiya ing drive wheel loro utawa sistem sistem E-Four all wheel.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/autos/news/2019-lexus-ux-preview-article-1.3858462|title=First Look: 2019 Lexus UX|last=Wardlaw|first=Christian|date=2018-03-06|work=NY Daily News|access-date=2018-08-09}}</ref> === UX 300e === UX 300e minangka varian listrik baterei UX, sing nduwe listrik udakara 400 km (249 mi) [6] ing siklus tes NEDC utawa 299 km (186 mi) ing siklus tes WLTP.<ref>{{Cite press release|url=https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/lexus/21357143.html|title=World Debut of the Lexus UX, a New Genre of Crossover|publisher=Toyota|location=Japan|date=2018-03-06|access-date=2018-04-10}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="150"> Gambar:Lexus UX200"F SPORT" (6BA-MZAA10-AWXBB(F)) left.jpg|Lexus UX 200 F Sport (MZAA10, Jepang) Gambar:Lexus UX Hybrid 01 China 2019-04-04.jpg|Lexus UX 250h (MZAH10, Cina) Gambar:2019 Lexus UX250h 2.0L rear, Hagerty 6.1.19.jpg|Lexus UX 250h (MZAH10, Amèrika Serikat) Gambar:Lexus UX 300e (KMA10) IMG 4018.jpg|Lexus UX 300e (KMA10, Jerman) Gambar:Lexus UX200 (1st generation prototype) interior.jpg|Bagéyan njero Gambar:2019 Lexus UX 200 2.0 MZAA10R M20A-FKS engine (20190722).jpg|mesin ''[[Toyota dynamic force engines#M20A-FKS|M20A-FKS]]'' sing ana ing mobil jinis UX 200 </gallery> == Produksi == Ing Amerika Lor, produksi UX diwiwiti ing kuartal kaping papat 2018<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/235113/lexus-ux-geneva-debut/|title=Lexus UX Celebrates U.S. Debut At New York Auto Show|last=Padeanu|first=Adrian|date=2018-03-28|work=Motor1|access-date=2018-04-05|location=US}}</ref> lan dodol diwiwiti ing Desember kanggo taun model 2019.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EXk8u5rlaQ|title=Is the 2019 Lexus UX the Next Best Crossover For Urban Dwellers?|date=2018-03-30|last=TFLnow|accessdate=2018-04-04|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wheels.ca/news/lexus-ux-crossover-bows-in-new-york/|title=Lexus UX Crossover bows in New York|last=Johnston|first=Mike|date=2018-04-03|work=Wheels|access-date=2018-04-05|location=Canada|archive-date=2019-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225053118/https://www.wheels.ca/news/lexus-ux-crossover-bows-in-new-york/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wardsauto.com/2018-geneva-auto-show/lexus-ux-unveiled-due-us-december|title=Lexus UX Unveiled, Due in U.S. in December|website=wardsauto.com|language=en|access-date=2018-04-09|archive-date=2018-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730204136/https://www.wardsauto.com/2018-geneva-auto-show/lexus-ux-unveiled-due-us-december|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Pasar == UX minangka model global lan dikenalake ing 80 negara ing saindenging jagad.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://driving.ca/lexus/auto-shows/geneva-motor-show/the-lexus-ux-stuffs-more-luxury-and-tech-into-a-smaller-package|title=The Lexus UX stuffs more luxury and tech into a smaller package|last=McIntosh|first=Jil|date=2018-03-07|work=Driving|access-date=2018-04-05|location=Canada}}</ref> === Amérika Serikat === UX minangka Lexus pertama sing ditawakake layanan langganan. [Klarifikasi dibutuhake] Iki diluncurake ing Desember 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wardsauto.com/2018-geneva-auto-show/lexus-ux-unveiled-due-us-december|title=Lexus UX Unveiled, Due in U.S. in December|last=Schweinsberg|first=Christie|date=2018-03-05|work=WardsAuto|access-date=2018-07-31|location=US|archive-date=2018-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730204136/https://www.wardsauto.com/2018-geneva-auto-show/lexus-ux-unveiled-due-us-december|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/235113/lexus-ux-geneva-debut/|title=Lexus UX Celebrates U.S. Debut At New York Auto Show|last=Padeanu|first=Adrian|date=2018-03-28|work=Motor1|access-date=2018-07-31|location=US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/2019-lexus-ux-first-look-review/|title=2019 Lexus UX First Look|last=Pleskot|first=Kelly|date=2018-03-06|work=Motortrend|access-date=2018-07-31|location=US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.automotiveworld.com/news-releases/new-lexus-ux-crossover-arrives-new-york-north-american-debut/|title=All-new Lexus UX Crossover arrives in New York for North American debut|date=2018-03-26|work=Automotive World|access-date=2018-07-31|location=US}}</ref> === Asia === UX nggawe debut Asia ing Agustus 2018saka Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://otodriver.com/article/view/giias-2018-lexus-luncurkan-es-dan-perkenalkan-ux-nan-mewah/q_dgEYfZbZLDWJedyVTcjpcpXI-MA9B8BOcsaiI--3k|title=GIIAS 2018: Lexus Luncurkan ES Dan Perkenalkan UX Nan Mewah|last=Arif|first=Hariawan|date=2018-08-02|work=Otodriver|access-date=2018-08-16|location=Indonesia|language=Indonesian|trans-title=GIIAS 2018: Lexus Launches ES and Introduces UX Luxury|archive-date=2018-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018165047/http://otodriver.com/article/view/giias-2018-lexus-luncurkan-es-dan-perkenalkan-ux-nan-mewah/q_dgEYfZbZLDWJedyVTcjpcpXI-MA9B8BOcsaiI--3k|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Asia Kidul wetan === UX pratinjau ing Malaysia sajrone taun 2018 ''Motor Show'' ing kutha Kuala Lumpur 2018 lan diluncurake ing Singapura ing Pameran Motor 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://paultan.org/2018/11/22/klims18-lexus-ux-crossover-previewed-in-malaysia/|title=KLIMS18: Lexus UX crossover previewed in Malaysia|date=2018-11-22|website=Paul Tan's Automotive News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.torque.com.sg/news/lexus-ux-in-singapore/|title=Lexus UX premium crossover launched by Borneo Motors in Singapore|date=2019-01-13|website=Torque|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-14|archive-date=2021-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123041020/https://www.torque.com.sg/news/lexus-ux-in-singapore/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === India === Gebyakan ing India diwiwiti wulan Agustus 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cardekho.com/lexus/ux|title=Lexus UX Price in India, Review, Pics, Specs & Mileage|work=CarDekho|location=India|access-date=2018-04-17}}</ref> === Éropah === Gebyakan ing Eropa wiwit ing Oktober 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://europe.autonews.com/article/20180312/ANE/303239999/lexus-expects-europe-to-be-top-market-for-ux|title=Lexus expects Europe to be top market for UX|last=Bolduc|first=Douglas A.|date=2018-03-12|work=Automotive News|access-date=2018-08-09|location=Europe}}</ref> === Ostrali === Gebyakan ing Ostrali diwiwiti ing kuartal pisanan taun 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.drive.com.au/motor-news/new-lexus-ux-confirmed-for-2019-arrival-117486|title=New Lexus UX confirmed for 2019 arrival|last=McCowen|first=David|date=2018-03-06|work=Drive|access-date=2018-04-20|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022062424/https://www.drive.com.au/motor-news/new-lexus-ux-confirmed-for-2019-arrival-117486|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> r1lclv2yps0advz8xhjm0bj5wfhoe3k Kunut 0 164710 1760206 1723478 2026-11-06T07:28:37Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jarwakaké|basa Indonésia}} == Pangertosan == Ètimologis tembung Kunut ({{Lang-ar|الْقُنُوْتُ}}'', qunut)'' asalé saka tembung ing basa Arab sing nduwéni akeh makna, kalebu ngadeg ingkang dipun danguaken, mèndel, tansah manut, tundhuk, pandonga lan khusyuk. Minangka saking segi istilah kunut yaiku pandonga sing diwaca dening wong muslim sajrone salat. == Hukum == Wonten 3 parbedan pandhapat ing antarane para [[ngulama]] '''Pandhapat kapisan''' : Kunut subuh disunahké diwaca kanthi konsistèn<ref>مَا زَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقْنُتُ فِيْ صَلاَةِ الْغَدَاةِ حَتَّى فَارَقَ الدُّنْيَا “Terus-menerus Rasulullah shollallahu ‘alaihi wa alihi wa sallam qunut pada sholat Shubuh sampai beliau meninggalkan dunia”. Dikeluarkan oleh ‘Abdurrozzaq dalam Al Mushonnaf 3/110 no.4964, Ahmad 3/162, Ath-Thohawy dalam Syarah Ma’ani Al Atsar 1/244, Ibnu Syahin dalam Nasikhul Hadits Wamansukhih no.220, Al-Hakim dalam kitab Al-Arba’in sebagaimana dalam Nashbur Royah 2/132, Al-Baihaqy 2/201 dan dalam Ash-Shugro 1/273, Al-Baghawy dalam Syarhus Sunnah 3/123-124 no.639, Ad-Daruquthny dalam Sunannya 2/39, Al-Maqdasy dalam Al-Mukhtaroh 6/129-130 no.2127, Ibnul Jauzy dalam At-Tahqiq no.689-690 dan dalam Al-‘Ilal Al-Mutanahiyah no.753 dan Al-Khatib Al-Baghdady dalam Mudhih Auwan Al Jama’ wat Tafriq 2/255 dan dalam kitab Al-Qunut sebagaimana dalam At-Tahqiq 1/463.</ref>. [[Ngulama]] sing nduwéni pandhapat kaya mangkéné yaiku [[Imam Malik]], Ibn Abi Laila, Al-Hasan bin Sholih lan [[Imam Syafi'i|Imam Syafi'iy]]. '''Pandhapat kapindho''' : Kunut ora disyariatké amarga wis ''mansukh'' utawa diapus hukumé<ref>Mereka berdalilkan dengan hadits Abu Hurairah riwayat Bukhary-Muslim: كَانَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُوْلُ حِيْنَ يَفْرَغُ مِنْ صَلاَةِ الفَجْرِ مِنَ الْقِرَاءَةِ وَيُكَبِّرُ وَيَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ ثُمَّ يَقُوْلُ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ اَللَّهُمَّ أَنْجِ اَلْوَلِيْدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيْدِ وَسَلَمَةَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ وَعَيَّاشَ بْنَ أَبِيْ رَبِيْعَةَ وَالْمُسْتَضْعَفِيْنَ مِنَ الْمُُؤْمِنِيْنَ اَللَّهُمَّ اشْدُدْ وَطْأَتَكَ عَلَى مُضَرَ وَاجْعَلْهَا عَلَيْهِمْ كَسِنِيْ يُوْسُفَ اَللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْ لِحْيَانَ وَرِعْلاً وَذَكْوَانَ وَعُصَيَّةَ عَصَتِ اللهَ وَرَسُوْلَهُ ثُمَّ بَلَغَنَا أَنَهُ تَرَكَ ذَلِكَ لَمَّا أَنْزَلَ: (( لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ أَوْ يَتُوْبَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَوْ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ ظَالِمُوْنَ )) “Adalah Rasulullah shollallahu ‘alaihi wa alihi wa sallam ketika selesai membaca (surat dari rakaat kedua) di shalat Fajr dan kemudian bertakbir dan mengangkat kepalanya (I’tidal) berkata: “Sami’allahu liman hamidah rabbana walakal hamdu, lalu beliau berdoa dalaam keadaan berdiri. “Ya Allah selamatkanlah Al-Walid bin Al-Walid, Salamah bin Hisyam, ‘Ayyasy bin Abi Rabi’ah dan orang-orang yang lemah dari kaum mu`minin. Ya Allah keraskanlah pijakan-Mu (adzab-Mu) atas kabilah Mudhar dan jadianlah atas mereka tahun-tahun (kelaparan) seperti tahun-tahun (kelaparan yang pernah terjadi pada masa) Nabi Yusuf. Wahai Allah, laknatlah kabilah Lihyan, Ri’lu, Dzakwan dan ‘Ashiyah yang bermaksiat kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya. Kemudian sampai kepada kami bahwa beliau meningalkannya tatkala telah turun ayat: “Tak ada sedikitpun campur tanganmu dalam urusan mereka itu atau Allah menerima taubat mereka, atau mengazab mereka, karena sesungguhnya mereka itu orang-orang yang zalim”. (HSR.Bukhary-Muslim)</ref>. Para ngulama sing nduwéni pandhapat kaya mangkéné yaiku [[Abu Hanifah]], Sufyan Ats-Tsaury lan liyane saka ulama Kufah. '''Pandhapat katelu''' : Maca kunut ing salat subuh ora disyariatké kajaba maca kunut nazilah dièntuk ing salat subuh lan salat liyani<ref>Hadits Sa’ad bin Thoriq bin Asyam Al-Asyja’i قُلْتُ لأَبِيْ: “يَا أَبَتِ إِنَّكَ صَلَّيْتَ خَلْفَ رَسُوْلُ الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم وَأَبِيْ بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ وَعَلِيَ رَضِيَ الله عَنْهُمْ هَهُنَا وَبِالْكُوْفَةِ خَمْسَ سِنِيْنَ فَكَانُوْا بَقْنُتُوْنَ فيِ الفَجْرِ” فَقَالَ: “أَيْ بَنِيْ مُحْدَثٌ”. “Saya bertanya kepada ayahku: “Wahai ayahku, engkau sholat di belakang Rasulullah shallallahu `alaihi wa alihi wa sallam dan di belakang Abu Bakar, ‘Umar, ‘Utsman dan ‘Ali radhiyallahu ‘anhum di sini dan di Kufah selama 5 tahun, apakah mereka melakukan qunut pada sholat subuh ?”. Maka dia menjawab: “Wahai anakku hal tersebut (qunut subuh) adalah perkara baru (bid’ah)”. Dikeluarkan oleh Tirmidzy no. 402, An-Nasa`i no.1080 dan dalam Al-Kubro no.667, Ibnu Majah no.1242, Ahmad 3/472 dan 6/394, Ath-Thoyalisy no.1328, Ibnu Abi Syaibah dalam Al Mushonnaf 2/101 no.6961, Ath-Thohawy 1/249, Ath-Thobarany 8/no.8177-8179, Ibnu Hibban sebagaimana dalam Al-Ihsan no.1989, Baihaqy 2/213, Al-Maqdasy dalam Al-Mukhtarah 8/97-98, Ibnul Jauzy dalam At-Tahqiq no.677-678 dan Al-Mizzy dalam Tahdzibul Kamal dan dishohihkan oleh syeikh Al-Albany dalam Irwa`ul Gholil no.435 dan syeikh Muqbil dalam Ash-Shohih Al-Musnad mimma laisa fi Ash-Shohihain.</ref>. Ngulama sing nduwéni pandhapat kaya mangkéné yaiku [[Imam Ahmad]], Al-Laits bin Sa'd, Yahya bin Yahya Al-Laitsy. == Jinising kunut == Wonten 2 jinis kunut saking babagan wacan, yaiku: 1. Kunut Subuh Kunut sing diwaca ning shalat subuh ing i'tidal rakaat paling akhir. 2. Kunut Nazilah Kunut sing diwaca saliyané ing sholat subuh nanging uga saged diwaca nalika salat subuh, tegese dunga kunut nazilah luwih akeh njaluk pangayoman saka bebaya. == Lafal Dunga Kunut == 1. Kunut Subuh اَللّٰهُمَّ اهْدِنِىْ فِيْمَنْ هَدَيْتَ وَعَافِنِي فِيْمَنْ عَافَيْتَ وَتَوَلَّنِىْ فِيْمَنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ وَبَارِكْ لِىْ فِيْمَا اَعْطَيْتَ وَقِنِيْ شَرَّمَا قََضَيْتَ، فَإِنَّكَ تَقْضِىْ وَلاَ يُقْضَى عَلَيْكَ وَإِ نَّهُ لاَ يَذِلُّ مَنْ وَالَيْتَ وَلاَ يَعِزُّ مَنْ عَادَيَْتَ تَبَارَكْت رَبَّنَا وَتَعَالَيْتَ فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ عَلَى مَا قَضَيْتَ أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَاَتُوْبُ اِلَيْكَ وَصَلَّى اللّ عَلَى سَيِّدَنَا مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ اْلاُمِّيِ وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَصَحْبِهِ وَسَلَّم "Allaahumahdinii fiiman hadait, Wa aafinii fiiman aafait, Watawallani fiimantawallait, Wabaariklii fiimaaa toit, Waqini birahmatika syaramaa qadhait, Fainnakataqdhi walayuqdha alaik, Wainnahu layadzillu mawwalait, Walaya idzuman aadait, Tabarak tarabannaa wata aalait, Falakal hamdu alamaa qadhait, Astagfiruka wa atuubu ilaik, Washallalloohu ala sayyidinaa muhammadin nabiyyil ummiyyi wa ala aalihi washahbihi wabaarik wasallam" Tegese: Ya Allah, muga-muga Panjenengan nuntun kawula kaliyan tiyang-tiyang ingkang sampun diwènèhaké pitunjuk, lan muga-muga Panjenengan bakal mènèhi kaslametan kagem kawula kaliyan tiyang-tiyang ingkang sampun diwènèhaké kaslametan, lan muga-muga Panjenengan mènèhi pitulung kagem kawula kaliyan tiyang-tiyang ingkang sampun diwènèhaké patulung, lan muga-muga Panjenengan bakal mberkahi tumrap kawula saking prekara-prekara ingkang sampun ditemtokaké, lan muga-muga nate nandhang sih-rahmat saka kaluputan sing wis ditemtokake, lan sejatine Panjenengan Maha Pangukum lan lan mboten wonten ingkang saged ngukum Panjenengan, lan sejatiné Panjenengan mboten saged hina, tiyang ingkang Panjenengan tresnani, lan mboten ngluhuraké sinten kemawon ingkang dimungsuhi Panjenengan, lan Mahaluhur Allah banjur tetep muji marang Panjenengan, Kanthi apa sing sampun Panjenengan hukum, kawula nyuwun pangapura lan taubat kaliyan Panjenengan, lan muga-muga Panjenengan nambahaké rahmat marang Nabi Muhammad kita ingkang dados nabi, lan sedaya umat Nabi Muhammad lan para sahabatipun, muga-muga Allah nambahi kaberkahan lan kaslametan. 2. Kunut Nazilah Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyah pangujar, فَيُشْرَعُ أَنْ يَقْنُتَ عِنْدَ النَّوَازِلِ يَدْعُو لِلْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ وَيَدْعُو عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ فِي الْفَجْرِ وَغَيْرِهَا مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ، وَهَكَذَا كَانَ عُمَرُ يَقْنُتُ لّمَّا حَارَبَ النَّصَارَى بِدُعَائِهِ الَّذِي فِيْهِ (اَللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْ كَفَرَةَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ) "Pandonga kunut nazilah disyariatké nalika wonten musibah utawa bencana. Ndedonga kanggé kaslametan tiyang-tiyang beriman lan nyuwun karusakan ing tiyang-tiyang kafir nalika sholat subuh utawa salat fardhu liyane. Kaya mangkéné Umar ibnul Khattab nindakaké [https://www.dakwah.id/doa-qunut-nazilah-untuk-tertindas/ dunga qunut] nazilah nalika nglawan tiyang-tiyang Nasrani ingkang ing pandonganipun wonten ukara, "Ya Allah, laknat kaingkaran Ahlul Kitab!" (''Majmu 'al-Fatawa,'' 22/270) اَللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْمُسْلِمِيْنَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ وَأَلِّفْ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَأَصْلِحْ ذَاتَ بَيْنِهِمْ وَانْصُرْهُمْ عَلَى عَدُوِّكَ وَعَدُوِّهِمْ,اَللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْ كَفَرَةَ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ الَّذِيْنَ يَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيْلِكَ وَيُكَذِّبُونَ رُسُلَكَ وَيُقَاتِلُونَ أَوْلِيَائَكَ, اَللَّهُمَّ خَالِفْ بَيْنَ كَلِمِهِمْ وَزَلْزِلْ أَقْدَامَهُمْ وَأَنْزِلْ بِهِمْ بَأْسَكَ الَّذِيْ لاَ تَرُدُّهُ عَنِ الْقَوْمِ الْمُجْرِمِيْنَ “Allahummaghfir lanaa walilmu’miniina walmu’minaati walmuslimiina walmuslimaati walif baina quluubihim wa aslih dzata bainihim wanashurhum ‘alaa adzuwwika wa’adzuwihim”. “Allahummal’an kafarata ahlal kitaabi alladzina yashudduna ‘an sabiilika wayukadzibuuna rusulaka wayuqootiluuna auliyaaika”. “Allahumma kholiif baina kalimihim wazalzil iqdaamahum wainzil bihim ba sakallladzii latarudduhuu ‘anilqaumil mujrimiin” "Ya Allah! Kawula nyuwun pangapunten, kaum mukminin lan mukminat, muslimin lan muslimat. Panyatokké manahipun tiyang-tiyang menika sedanten. Benakké hubungan ing antara tiyang Muslim lan menangaké tiyang Muslim saking mungsuh Panjenengan lan mungsuh tiyang Muslim. Ya Allah! Laknat tiyang-tiyang kafir ingkang ngalang-alangi dalanipun Panjenengan, ndhustani rasul-rasul Panjenengan, lan nglawan para wali Panjenengan. Ya Allah! Cerai-berai panyatuan lan kesatuan tiyang kafir menika. Goyahaken langkah-langkah tiyang sedanten, lan siksa tiyang-tiyang menika ingkang mboten bakal Panjenengan adohaken saking tiyang-tiyang ingkang lakunipun ala. " == Cathetan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170705080345/http://hafaldoa.blogspot.co.id/2017/04/doa-qunut-subuh.html Pandonga esuk] * [http://an-nashihah.com/?p=364 Hukum lan posisi Qunut] * [https://www.kajianmuslim.net/2016/08/bacaan-doa-qunut-sholat-shubuh-lengkap-dengan-artinya.html Pandonga esuk] lengkap * [https://coconia.net/doa-qunut/ Pangertosan lan Humor qunut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014063211/https://coconia.net/doa-qunut/ |date=2019-10-14 }} hhtup5ktjenlfx996axz5pcg0qgop1b Kottu 0 169759 1760193 1755149 2026-11-06T06:47:33Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Kottu|main_ingredient=[[Sri Lankan cuisine#Roti|godhamba roti]]|other=|commons=|cookbook=|similar_dish=|glycemic_index=|carbohydrate=|fat=|protein=|calories_ref=|calories=|serving_size=100 g|variations=|minor_ingredient=Vegetable, Chicken, Cheese, Beef, Fish, Seafood, Mutton|served=Hot|image=Chicken Kottu at KL.jpg|maxtime=|mintime=|year=|creator=<!-- or | creators = -->|national_cuisine=|region=|country=[[Sri Lanka]]|course=main course|type=|alternate_name=Kothu|caption=Chicken kottu|image_alt=|image_size=|no_recipes=false}} '''Kottu''', uga ditepungi minangka '''koththu rotti''' utawa '''roti kothu''' ( Tamil ; tegesé ''roti sing disigar; Sinhala'' ) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/49386|title=Rise of "Kothu Rotti" From Its Tamil-Muslim Origins in Batticaloa to a Sri Lankan National Food with a "Sound Bite"|last=Macan-Makar|first=Marwaan|date=3 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622053016/http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/49386|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=24 April 2020|quote=Word spread quickly about this novelty: a street-food dish whose name means “chopped roti” in Tamil.|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/a-popular-sri-lankan-kottu-roti-recipe|title=A Popular Sri Lankan Kottu Roti recipe|last=Ife|first=Thomas|date=25 April 2020|website=desiblitz.com|access-date=25 April 2020|quote="Kottu is the Tamil word for ‘chopped’, which has an element of onomatopoeia about it, when thinking about the sound of the blades."}}</ref>, yaiku olah-olahan saka Sri Lanka <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of the Sri Lankan Diaspora|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofsr0000unse|date=2013|publisher=Editions Didier Millet|isbn=9789814260831|editor-last=Reeves, Peter|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofsr0000unse/page/174 174]}}</ref> kang digawé saka roti ''godhamba'' (jinis roti Sri Lanka) lan jejanganan, endhog utawa daging, lan rempah-rempah.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Street Food around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture|last=Kraig, Bruce|last2=Taylor, Colleen|date=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598849554|page=328}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1017015-chicken-kottu-roti|title=Chicken Kottu Roti Recipe|access-date=12 September 2015|publisher=nytimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/foodanddrink/indian-curry-recipe/10668412/pataks-beef-kottu-rotti-recipe.html|title=Patak's Beef Kottu Rotti Recipw|date=8 February 2014|access-date=12 September 2015|publisher=telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> Roti kasebut diterangaké mèmper banget karo jinis sing ditemokaké ing kidul ''parotta kothu'' India lan ''[[Roti Canai|Roti canai]]'' .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://m.thenational.ae/lifestyle/food/food-obsession-kothu-roti|title=Food obsession: kothu roti|date=25 October 2012|access-date=12 September 2015|publisher=the national.ae|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927172754/http://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/food/food-obsession-kothu-roti|archive-date=27 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Panganan iki padatané dienggo mangan bengi sing umum,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=51107|title='High-tech' 'Kottu' on the way|date=4 May 2012|access-date=12 September 2015|publisher=island.lk}}</ref> kottu wis misuwur ing kutha-kutha kanthi pedunung diaspora Sri Lanka sing akèh, kaya ta distrik Scarborough [[Toronto]] lan tangga Tompkinsville [[New York|New York City]] .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://torontoist.com/2013/11/spice-city-toronto-sri-lanka-comes-to-queen-street/|title=Spice City Toronto: Sri Lanka comes to Queen Street|date=8 November 2013|publisher=torontoist.com|access-date=12 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/restaurants/sigiris-kothu-roti-one-of-our-100-favorite-dishes-6550219|title=Sigir's Kotju Roti: One of Our 100 Favorite Dishes|date=27 October 2014|access-date=12 September 2015|publisher=villagevoice.com|archive-date=26 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926145828/http://www.villagevoice.com/restaurants/sigiris-kothu-roti-one-of-our-100-favorite-dishes-6550219|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=America's Changing Neighborhoods: An Exploration of Diversity through Places|date=2017|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781440828652|editor-last=Ueda, Reed|page=1064}}</ref> Racaké, wong tuku milih apa lan kepiye regané bahan sing disiapaké yen wong liya disiapaké.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=features/sri-lankan-kottu-roti-way-staten-island|title=Sri Lankan Kottu Roti, by way of Staten Island|date=28 November 2014|access-date=12 September 2015|publisher=daily news.lk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/travel/article/0,31542,2065194,00.html|title=Five Reasons to Visit Colombo|date=11 April 2011|access-date=12 September 2015|publisher=time.com|archive-date=26 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926115539/http://content.time.com/time/travel/article/0,31542,2065194,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kothu dianggep minangka sesuguh Sri Lanka sing padha karo [[hamburger]], babagan kamisuwuran.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/26/travel/sri-lanka-must-try-food/|title=13 foods Sri Lankan visitors must try|date=26 October 2014|access-date=12 September 2015|publisher=cnn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=MasterChef: Street Food of the World|last=Taylor|first=Genevieve|date=2017|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781472946201}}</ref> == Sajarah == [[Gambar:Kottu Roti.jpg|jmpl|Sesuguh kottu]] Kothu Roti, uga dikenal "Kottu" utawa "Kotthu", yaiku panganan pinggir dalan kawentar sing akéh digunakaké ing saindenging Sri Lanka lan misuwur banget ing masakan Sri Lanka. Tembung "Kothu" tegesé "nyampur" ing basa Tamil lan jeneng kasebut asalé saka kepiyé cepajaké sajian. Kothu Roti duwé asal usul ing komunitas Sri Lanka Sri Lanka .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/30/magazine/sri-lankan-kottu-roti-by-way-of-staten-island.html|title=Sri Lankan Kottu Roti, by Way of Staten Island|last=Lam|first=Francis|date=26 November 2014|website=nytimes.com|access-date=25 April 2020}}</ref> Pasugatan kawentar dipercaya digawé pisanan ing Batticaloa ing taun 1970an. == Nyepakaké == [[Gambar:KottuIngredients.JPG|jmpl|Woworan kottu]] Bebarengan karo roti bakar, bahan liyané yaiku endhog, daging, lan ''salna'', [[saos]] / duduh pedhes. Bahan kasebut [[Kangkung cah trasi|diosèng]] ing gridle wesi sing digawé panas nalika disigar lan dicampur karo ketukan sing diulang kanthi nggunakaké lading / susuk wesi abot, swarané bisa dirungokaké saka kadohan. Asring disajèkaké karo ''Salna'', duduh pedhes. == Kapustakan == [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Asia]] [[Kategori:Olah-olahan India]] 0bfg9ewjpoy8zidf7foaoy1u9qjhb8v Giri Kedhaton 0 170033 1759981 1748807 2026-11-05T19:41:48Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dwiaksara}} '''Giri Kedhaton''' ([[aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: {{jav|ꦒꦶꦫꦶ ꦏꦼꦣꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀}}, [[Pegon]]: ڮيري كڎاتون), ya iku kadhaton ing [[Gresik]] kang dilurahi dening raja-pandhita kang turun saka [[Sunan Giri]]. Kadhaton iki madeg ing taun 1408  Saka/1486  M lan ing taun sabanjure Sunan Giri jumeneng nata kanthi jejuluk Prabu Satmata.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Arifin|first=Zaenal|year=2017|title=Perkembangan Maritim Giri Kedaton Tahun 1487-1681 M|url=https://ikipwidyadarmasurabaya.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/150-159-zaenal-fix.pdf|journal=Jurnal Widyaloka IKIP Widya Dharma|volume=4|issue=2|pages=158|doi=|access-date=2020-07-03|archive-date=2021-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418032739/https://ikipwidyadarmasurabaya.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/150-159-zaenal-fix.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Para ratu kang jumeneng ing Giri Kadhaton ya iku : {| class="wikitable" !Jeneng !Sesilih !Tahun Menguasai<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hardiwinoto.com/pemberontakan-panembahan-ageng-giri/|title=Pemberontakan Panembahan Ageng Giri|last=Muchtar|first=Hardiwonoto|date=2017-04-12|website=Hardiwinoto|language=en-US|access-date=2020-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704035215/http://hardiwinoto.com/pemberontakan-panembahan-ageng-giri/|archive-date=2020-07-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> |- |Susuhunan Giri Gajah Kadhaton, Raden Paku, Prabu Satmata |[[Sunan Giri]] |[[1481]]–[[1506]] |- |Susuhunan Giri Dalêm Kadhaton, Zainal Abidin Maulana |Sunan Giri II |[[1506]]–[[1546]] |- |Sunan Seda ing Margi |Sunan Giri III |[[1546]]–[[1548]] |- |Susuhunan Giri Parapèn, [[Sunan Prapèn]] |[[Sunan Prapen|Sunan Giri IV]] |[[1548]]–[[1605]] |- |Panembahan Kawis Guwa |Sunan Giri V |[[1605]]–[[1616]] |- |Panembahan Ageng Giri | |[[1616]]–[[1636]] |- |Panembahan Mas Witana Sideng Rana | |[[1638]]–[[1660]] |- |Pangeran Puspa Ita | |[[1660]]–[[1680]] |} Sawise Giri kasil teluk marang Mataram, sesebutan nata ing Giri diganti dadi Panembahan. == Rujukan == <references /> 9gqllcxzryakdbwbjgkxrnyg2zggt5u Mauro Icardi 0 170135 1760271 1743761 2026-11-06T10:59:18Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Mauro Icardi | image = File:Mauro Icardi en 2025.jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Icardi with [[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] in 2025 | fullname = Mauro Emanuel Icardi Rivero | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|2|19|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Rosario, Santa Fe|Rosario]], {{ARG}} | height = 1.81 m | position = [[Panyerang]] | currentclub = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | clubnumber = 18 | youthyears1 = 2002–2008 | youthclubs1 = [[UD Vecindario|Vecindario]] | youthyears2 = 2008–2011 | youthclubs2 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona B]] | youthyears3 = 2011–2012 | youthclubs3 = [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]] | years1 = 2012–2013 | clubs1 = [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]] | caps1 = 33 | goals1 = 11 | years2 = 2013–2020 | clubs2 = [[Inter Milan]] | caps2 = 188 | goals2 = 111 | years3 = 2019–2020 | clubs3 = → [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] (silih) | caps3 = 20 | goals3 = 12 | years4 = 2020–saiki | clubs4 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | caps4 = 0 | goals4 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2012–2013 | nationalteam1 = [[Argentina national under-20 football team|Argentina U20]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 3 | nationalyears2 = 2013– | nationalteam2 = [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] | nationalcaps2 = 8 | nationalgoals2 = 1 | club-update = 23 Juli 2020 | nationalteam-update = 20 November 2018 }} '''Mauro Icardi''' utawa jeneng jangkepe Mauro Imanuel Icardi Rivero yaiku salah sawijining pamain [[bal-balan]] aguna saka [[Argèntina]] kang main kanggo klub [[Paris Saint-Germain FC|Paris Saint-Germain]] ing [[Ligue 1]] [[Prancis]]. Icardi lair ing kutha [[Rosario, Santa Fe|Rosario]], Argèntia surya ping 19 [[Fèbruari|Februari]] [[1993]] (umur 27 taun) duwé dedeg 181 [[cm]]. Dhèwèké duwéni loro kawarganegaran yaiku Argentina lan [[Itali]] saka kaloro wong tuwane. Minangka pamain bal-balan Icardi mapan ing posisi [[panyerang]] utawa sisih ngarep lan miguakaké [[sikil]] tengen kanggo sikil karosané.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/mauro-icardi/profil/spieler/68863|title=Profil Pamain Muro Icardi (Saka Basa Inggris)|last=|first=|date=2020-04-08|website=Transfermarkt|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2020-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inter.it/ba/archivio_giocatore/G0926/mauro-icardi|title=Arsip Mauro Icardi (Saka Basa Itali)|last=|first=|date=|website=Inter Milan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018102815/https://www.inter.it/ba/archivio_giocatore/G0926/mauro-icardi|archive-date=2021-10-18|url-status=dead|access-date=2020-07-24}}</ref> == Karir Nom-noman == Nalika umur 6 taun Icardi mèlu kulawargané alihan menyang [[Pulo Kanari]], [[Spanya|Spanyol]]. Nang kana Icardi lumebu sekolah bal-balan [[Vecindario]] ing [[Gran Kanaria]]. Sajroning ngangsu kawruh bal-balan, Icardi kasil nuduhaké kaprigelané main bal-balan minangka panyerang kanthi nyithak gol kang gunggungé [[500]]. Kaprigelan Icardi kang wis kepara nyata marahi gawé sengsem mènèjemen klub raseksa [[Éropah|Éropa]] kaya ta [[FC Barcelona]], [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]], [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], [[Espanyol]], [[Deportivo La Coruna]], [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] dan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] ramé-ramé péngin nekakaké Icardi ing pungkasan mangsa [[2007]]-08. Wiwitan mangsa 2008-09, Icardi resmi alihan menyang klub Barcelona, lan isih ana tingkat U17. Ing mangsa candhaké dhèwèké promosi menyang tim U19 ning karo mènèjemen disilihake menyang klub [[Seri A|Serie A]] Itali, [[U.C. Sampdoria|UC Sampdoria]] minangka pamain silihan wulan [[Januari]] [[2011]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bola.net/profile/mauro_emanuel_icardi_rivero/|title=Profil Pamain Mauro Emanuel Icardi Rivero (Saka Basa Inggris)|last=Kusuma Pertiwi|first=Dhianita|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2020-07-22}}</ref> Mènèjemen Sampdoria uga wis ngiyani pawarta yèn Mauro Icardi wis dikontrak téka pungkasan mangsa, Icardi ngaku seneng wis bisa alihan saka [[Barcelona]] menyang [[Genova]] ([[Provinsi|propinsi]] asal klub Sampdoria), malah dhèwèké uga ngajab bakal bisa dadi pamain permanèn ing Sampdoria lan kuwi dudu pilihan kang èlèk. Enem wulan mangsa silih saka Barcelona menyang Sampdoria dadi mangsa kang ngasilaké kanggo Icardi. Dhèwèké kasik ngegolke telu saka [[19]] tetandhingan kanggo tim [[Primavéra]] kasebut. Pangaji-aji kasebut dibebanani kanthi [[dhuwit]] transfer [[400]] èwu [[Euro|Éuro]] lan kontrak telung taun ing wulan [[Juli]] [[2011]]. == Karir Sénior == Mangsa [[2012]]-13 Sampdoria promosi menyang Serie A sawisé ngalahaké Varésé ing babak ''play off'' promosi. Icardi banjur dadi panyerang utama klub peparab "blucherciati" kasebut sawisé nyithak gol sepisané ing Serie A nalika mbobol gawang [[Genoa C.F.C.|Genoa]] ing ''giornata'' 13. Jeneng Icardi samsaya kondhang sawisé dhèwèké kasil ngglembuki [[kiper]] [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]], [[Gianluigi Buffon]] kang mènèhi kamenangan kanggo Sampdoria ing [[Juventus Stadium]]. Telung Minggu candhaké, pamain kalairan 1993 kasebut kasil nyithak catur gol sajroning satetandhingan nalika Sampdoria mbabat [[Dèlfino Péscara]] kanthi angka 4-0. Cathetan 10 gol ing mangsa sepisané bareng Sampdoria cukup gawé dhèwèké diboyong menyang kutha Milan, Internazionale. Klub peparab "La Beneamata" kasebut kudu bayar sekitar 14 yuta [[Euro|Éuro]] kanggo nuku setengah hak duwé Icardi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panditfootball.com/cerita/179030/ANS/150601/mauro-icardi-si-anak-nakal|title=Mauro Icardi si Bocah Ngglidhig (Saka Basa Indonesia)|last=Nurhadi Shufi|first=Ardi|date=2015-06-01|website=Pandit Football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724182726/https://www.panditfootball.com/cerita/179030/ANS/150601/mauro-icardi-si-anak-nakal|archive-date=2020-07-24|url-status=dead|access-date=2020-07-24}}</ref> == Bojoné Dadi Agènné == Sadurungé dadi pamain ajeg ing Paris Saint-Germain, Icardi mung dadi pamain silihan saka [[Inter Milan]]. Ujaring kandha, owahing status Icardi saka pamain silihan dadi pamain ajeng ing [[Paris]] yaiku amarga lelabuhan bojoné Wanda Nara. Mainé karir Icardi diarani bakal tamat sawisé ban kaptèné dicopot déning Inter Milan lan disilihaké menyang PSG ing [[Mangsa katiga|mangsa ketiga]] [[2019]]. Senajan disingkiraké nanging Icardi panggah nuduhaké kaprigelan dadi panyerang top Éropa, saka 31 tetandhingan kang dimainaké Icardi isih bisa nyithak 20 gol. Ora mung kuwi, Icardi uga biyantu PSG ngrengkuh gelar Ligue 1 mangsa [[2018]]-19. Panampilan apiké Icardi banjur diganjar kontrak ajeg déning PSG lan ditebus saka Inter Milan kanthi rega 50 yuta Éuro utawa 812 Milyar [[Rupiah]] lan bonus 8 yuta Éuro utawa 130 Milyar Rupiah saka Inter Milan. Inter Milan biwarakaké manawa Icardi wis alihan klub menyang PSG kanthi permanèn lan klub ngaturaké panuwun marang dhèwèké karana wis awèh lelabuhan kang gedhé enem taun lawasé lan dongakaké kang apik-apik kanggo Icardi ana kariré mengarep. Suksès Icardi kasebut ora bisa uwal saka [[Wanda Nara]] minangka bojoné. Lelabuhan bojoné wigati banget ngèlingi yèn ora ana dhèwèké nyang-nyangan antara Inter Milan kalawan PSG bisa kadawa-dawa. Kanggo Wanda Nara, dadi agèné bojoné ora angèl jalaran wis apal patrap lan kepénginan Icardi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bolasport.com/read/312196136/wanda-nara-kunci-sukses-mauro-icardi-gabung-permanen-dengan-psg?page=2|title=Wanda Nara Kunci Utama Mauro Icardi Dadi Pamain Ajeg PSG (Saka Basa Indonesia)|last=Putra Pratama|first=Anggit|date=2020-06-20|website=Bola Sport|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2020-07-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sport.detik.com/sepakbola/bola-dunia/d-5035612/resmi-psg-tebus-mauro-icardi-dari-inter-milan|title=PSG Resmi Nuku Mauro Icardi saka Inter Milan (Saka Basa Inggris)|last=Ardita Widianto|first=Rifqi|date=2020-05-31|website=Sport Detik|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724121009/https://sport.detik.com/sepakbola/bola-dunia/d-5035612/resmi-psg-tebus-mauro-icardi-dari-inter-milan|archive-date=2020-07-24|url-status=dead|access-date=2020-07-24}}</ref> == Bebungah == === Priyangga === * ''Top Skor'' Primavera Girone A 2011-12 (Sampdoria).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.transfermarkt.com/mauro-icardi/erfolge/spieler/68863|title=Mauro Icardi - Bebungah lan Pangaji-aji (Saka Basa Inggris)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.transfermarkt.com|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2020-07-25}}</ref> * ''Top Skor'' Serie A 2014-15 (Inter Milan).<ref name=":0" /> * ''Top Skor'' Serie A 2017-18 (Inter Milan).<ref name=":0" /> * Pamain bal-balan paling becik Itali 2018.<ref name=":0" /> === Klub === * Juwara Ligue 1 2018-19 (Paris Saint-Germain).<ref name=":0" /> * Juwara ''Coupe de France'' 2019 (Paris Saint-Germain).<ref name=":0" /> == Statistik ing Klub == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !rowspan="2"|Klub !rowspan="2"|Mangsa !colspan="3"|Liga !colspan="2"|Piyala !colspan="2"|Piyala Liga !colspan="2"|Eropa !colspan="2"|Liyané !colspan="2"|Gunggung |- !Divisi!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol!!Panampilan!!Gol |- |rowspan="3" valign="center"|[[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]] |[[2011–12 Serie B|2011–12]] |[[Serie B]] |2||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||2||1 |- |[[2012–13 Serie A|2012–13]] |[[Serie A]] |31||10||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||31||10 |- ! colspan="2"|Gunggung !33!!11!!0!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!33!!11 |- | rowspan="7" valign="center" |[[Inter Milan]] |[[2013–14 Inter Milan mangsa|2013–14]] | rowspan="6"|[[Serie A]] |22||9||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||23||9 |- |[[2014–15 Inter Milan mangsa|2014–15]] |36||22||2||1||colspan="2"|—||10||4||colspan="2"|—||48||27 |- |[[2015–16 Inter Milan mangsa|2015–16]] |33||16||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||34||16 |- |[[2016–17 Inter Milan mangsa|2016–17]] |34||24||2||0||colspan="2"|—||5||2||colspan="2"|—||41||26 |- |[[2017–18 Inter Milan mangsa|2017–18]] |34||29||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||36||29 |- |[[2018–19 Inter Milan mangsa|2018–19]] |29||11||2||2||colspan="2"|—||6||4||colspan="2"|—||37||17 |- ! colspan="2"| Gunggung !188!!111!!10!!3!!colspan="2"|—!!21!!10!!colspan="2"|—!!219!!124 |- | valign="center" |[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] (silih) |[[2019–20 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. mangsa|2019–20]] | [[Ligue 1]] |20||12||3||0||2||3||6||5||colspan="2"|—||31||20 |- ! colspan="3" |Gunggung Karir !241!!134!!13!!3!!2!!3!!27!!15!!0!!0!!283!!155 |} == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan miturut nagara]] [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan Argèntina]] [[Kategori:Lair 1993]] mohi2gvxca0nmn422mi8be18uucz85m Gréja Almunge 0 170158 1759999 1744055 2026-11-05T20:12:24Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759999 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Almunge kyrka ext1.jpg|thumb|Gréja Almunge, dideleng saka njaba]] '''Gréja Almunge Church''' ([[basa Swèdhen]]: ''Almunge kyrka'') iku gréja [[Lutheran]] ing [[Almunge]] ing [[Kabupatèn Uppsala County]], [[Swèdhen]]. Gréja iki nduwé asosiasi karo [[Kabiskopan Agung Uppsala]] saka [[Gréja Swèdhen]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.destinationuppsala.se/sv/Gora/Gora/?tlang=en&tid=716092 |title=Almunge kyrka |publisher=destinationuppsala.se |accessdate=January 1, 2019 |archive-date=January 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123223404/http://www.destinationuppsala.se/sv/Gora/Gora/?tlang=en&tid=716092 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Sujarah lan arsitèktur== [[Gambar:Almunge kyrka int03.jpg|thumb|right|Interior]] Sujarah Gréja Almunge iku rada kabur; katoné gréja iki dibangun antara taun 1250 nganti 1350. Téras gréja iku tambahan, bokmanawa dibangun ing abad kaping 15. Ing abad sing padha iki, gréjané uga dibangun ulang ing jero lan diwènèhi kubah bata, lan dipaèsi mawa [[Pratélan lukisan témbok gréja ing Swèdhen|lukisan témbok]] mawa gagragé sang juru lukis [[Albertus Pictor]] (udakara 1440-1509). Gréja iki banjur dijembaraké ing abad kaping 17 mawa papan panggonan kur sing saiki katon lan panyangga ing jaba (''[[:en:buttress|buttress]]''). Nalika jaman iki lukisané kabèh ditutupi labur, nanging ditemokaké manèh lan diilangi laburé ing taun 1911. Cendhéla anyar ditambahi lan sing lawas digedhèkaké salawasé abad kaping 19. Fasad orgen iku digawé ing gagrag néoklasik lan didhésain ing taun 1834 déning sang arsitèk Carl Gustaf Blom Carlsson (1799-1868). <ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.albertuspictor.com/jubileumeng.htm|title= Albertus Pictor|publisher= albertuspictor.com|accessdate= January 1, 2019|archive-date= October 1, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201001042003/http://albertuspictor.com/jubileumeng.htm|url-status= dead}}</ref> <ref name=raa>{{cite web |url= http://www.bebyggelseregistret.raa.se/bbr2/anlaggning/visaHistorik.raa?page=historik&visaHistorik=true&anlaggningId=21300000003064|title= Almunge kyrka|last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= |publisher= National Heritage Board of Sweden|language=Swedish|accessdate=2 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=17795 |title = Carl Gustaf Blom Carlsson |publisher = Svenskt biografiskt lexikon |author = K. Josephson |accessdate = January 1, 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190123223110/https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=17795 |archive-date = January 23, 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> Déné mèbel gréjané, [[bak baptis]] asalé saka abad tengahan. Altar lan [[mimbar gréja]] asalé saka awal abad kaping 18. Loro-loroné dipatrapi rerengga emas barok déning juru ukir Jerman-Swèdhen [[Burchard Precht]] (1651-1738). <ref name=raa/><ref name=upplandia>{{cite web |url= http://www.upplandia.se/Almunge_Sockenkronika.htm#K|title= Almunge socken|last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= |publisher= upplandia.se|language=Swedish|accessdate=2 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=7401|title= Burchart Precht|publisher= Svenskt biografiskt lexikon |author= Ingrid Telhammer |accessdate=January 1, 2019}}</ref> == Gladri == === Gladri gréja === <gallery> Gambar:Almunge kyrka ext4.jpg|Klockstapel Gambar:Altaruppsats_i_Almunge_kyrka.jpg|Altaruppsats från 1717 Gambar:Almunge_predikstol.jpg|Mimbar kutbah saka taun 1716 Gambar:Almunge kyrka rökelsekar 02.JPG|Rökelsekar upphängt i koret Gambar:Krister Karlsson Månesköld af Seglinges (nr 62, död 1620) huvudbaner i Almunge kyrka, Uppland.JPG|Krister Karlsson [[Månesköld af Seglinge]]s (nr 62) huvudbaner Gambar:Epitafium över Carl Wallesntierna (d 1796) i Almunge kyrka, Uppland.JPG|Epitafium över Carl [[Wallenstierna]] (d 1796) i Almunge kyrka Gambar:Detalj av Epitafium över Carl Wallesntierna (d 1796) i Almunge kyrka, Uppland.JPG|Detalj av Epitafium över Carl Wallenstierna (d 1796) i Almunge kyrka Gambar:William Philps (nr 242) (1593-1668) huvudbaner i Almunge kyrka, Uppland.JPG|William [[Philp]]s (nr 242) (1593-1668) huvudbaner i Almunge kyrka </gallery> === Albert Pictor utawa bèngkèlé === <gallery> Gambar:Albertus Pictor Almunge kyrka Diana takmålning ovanför orgelläktaren 07.JPG|Legenden om enhörningen, som förföljes av jägare och hundar och söker skydd hos jungfru Maria, travé IV. Gambar:Albertus Pictor Almunge kyrka Jesus Maria Magdalena takmålning över orgelläktaren.JPG|Maria Magdalena torkar Jesu fötter med sitt hår, travé IV. Gambar:Albertus Pictor Almunge kyrka taket nära koret 01.JPG|Södra kappan i travé II föreställande Kristi himmelfärd, Enoks upptagande till himmelen och Elia i den brinnande vagnen. </gallery> ==Réferènsi== {{reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== *{{sv}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20140223181055/http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/default.aspx?id=653731 Situs resmi] {{commons category|Almunge kyrka|Gréja Almunge}} {{coord|59|51|59|N|18|04|06|E|type:landmark_region:SE|display=title}} [[Kategori:Gréja ing Swèdhen|Almunge]] 26gh5uwe1gbt4rkyd0k6mlo8lilylay Kadhi bari 0 170649 1760120 1748343 2026-11-06T03:29:27Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Kadhi bari|image=Maithili New Year or Jur Sital, Jhori bari - 20200414.jpg|image_size=|caption=Kadhi bari|alternate_name=|country=India and Nepal|region=[[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]] of India<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ranjan, Nilesh. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/918623317 |title=Half the Destination. |date=2015 |publisher=Vij Books India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-85505-61-4 |location=Delhi |pages=10 |oclc=918623317}}</ref><br>[[Province No. 2]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadhi badi: a marriage of pakoda and curd |url=https://kathmandupost.com/recipes/2019/10/24/kadhi-badi-a-marriage-of-pakoda-and-curd |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English |access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> and [[Province No. 1]], [[Province No. 5]] and [[Bagmati Pradesh]] of Nepal|creator=|course=Main|served=Hot|main_ingredient=[[Gram flour]], [[Dahi (curd)|Dahi]], onions chopped and [[Cinnamomum tamala|tejpat]]|variations=|calories=|other=}} '''Kadhi bari''' utawa '''Bari kadhi''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://themadscientistskitchen.com/bihari-bari-kadhi-badi-kadhi-recipe/|title=Bihari Bari-Kadhi - The Mad Scientists Kitchen|website=themadscientistskitchen|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref> minangka panganan vegetarian sing asale saka sub bawana India . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pulses.org/recipes/best-of-india/recipe/84-kadhi-bari|title=Kadhi Bari|website=pulses.org|language=en|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref> Panganan vegetarian iki misuwur ing Bihar, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.republicworld.com/lifestyle/food/bihari-cuisine-5-must-try-savoury-dishes-from-the-state|title=Bihari cuisine: 5 must-try savoury dishes from the state|last=World|first=Republic|website=Republic World|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cookwithtutu.com/index.php/2018/09/23/kadhi-badi-mithila-style/|title=Kadhi Badi (Mithila Style) Badi Bhaat|date=2018-09-23|website=Cook With Tutu|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-18}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jharkhand lan Uttar Pradesh saka India <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-besan-kadhi-99117|title=Besan Ki Kadhi Recipe|website=NDTV Food|access-date=2020-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519224030/https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-besan-kadhi-99117|archive-date=2020-05-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> lan ing sawetara tlatah Nepal. Panganan kasebut digawe saka glepung Gram, Dahi lan tambahan rempah-rempah. ''Bari'' digawe saka bumbu kanthi lada, sing banjur digoreng lengalan ''Kadhi'' digawe saka campuran dahi, tepung gram lan rempah-rempah. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.archanaskitchen.com/kadhi-bari-recipe|title=Bihari Style Kadhi Bari Recipe|last=Anantham|first=Nithya|website=Archana's Kitchen|language=en|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref> Olahan iki umume dipangan nalika mangsa panas lan festival kaya Holi, Jur Sheetal lan Krishna Janmashtami . Panganan kasebut cocog banget karo [[sega]] kukus <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/765111579|title=Bihar tourism : retrospect and prospect|last=Sinha, Udai Prakash, 1956-|date=2012|publisher=Concept Pub. Co|isbn=978-81-8069-799-9|location=New Delhi|pages=207|oclc=765111579}}</ref> biasane nanging bisa uga disajikake nganggo roti lan puri . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zaykakatadka.com/recipe/kadhi-bari/|title=Kadhi Bari|website=Zayka Ka Tadka|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref> == Referensi == [[Kategori:Olah-olahan India]] [[Kategori:Panganan]] gwirhjlfsg5m5wug6sd0j8q4cka82tl Kuwé kepithing 0 171180 1760214 1730608 2026-11-06T07:44:16Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760214 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:A_Delicious_Crabcake_at_the_Middleton_Tavern.jpg|ka|jmpl|Kuwe kepithing disajikake ing roti, saka restoran ing Maryland]] '''Kuwé kepithing''' minangka macem-macem '''kuwé''' [[Kuwé iwak|iwak]] sing kawentar ing Amerika Sarekat. Iki kalebu daging [[kepithing]] lan macem-macem bahan liyane, kayata remah roti, mayones, [[mustar]] (biyasane mustar disiapake, nanging kadang mustar bubuk), endhog, lan bumbu, utamane kuwe banjur diiseni, dipanggang, dipanggang, digoreng, utawa dipanggang kuwe kepithing biyasane digandhengake karo tlatah sekitar Teluk Chesapeake, khususe nagara bageyan [[Maryland]] lan [[Virginia]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hs3z0zZWxpYC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA81#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=500 Things to Eat Before It's Too Late: and the Very Best Places to Eat Them|last=Stern, Jane|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|year=Jun 4, 2009|pages=81}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nearsay.com/c/732124/272370/the-history-of-maryland-crab-cakes|title=The History of Maryland Crab Cakes - Brookside Inn Restaurant - Oxford|website=nearsay.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027123845/https://connect2local.com/l/272370/c/732124/the-history-of-maryland-crab-cakes|archive-date=2022-10-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Referensi == {{Reflist}} {{panganan-stub}} [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Amérika Sarékat]] iqwn2ghepfabfbx3drltcvz8qdig3is Khaman 0 171972 1760168 1748358 2026-11-06T05:35:22Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox prepared food|name=Khaman|image=SPECIAL SURATI KHAMAN.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=Khaman with mustard seeds, green chillies and coriander leaves on top. Served with green and red [[chutney]]|alternate_name=|country=[[India]]|region=[[Gujarat]]|creator=|course=|type=[[Snack food|Snack]]|served=|main_ingredient=[[Gram flour]], [[dal#Common varieties|chana dal]]|variations=|calories=|other=}} '''Khaman''' minangka salah sawijining panganan saka negara Gujarat ing [[Indhi|India]] . Iki minangka cemilan Gujarati sing misuwur banget ing [[Indhi|India]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/what-is-the-difference-between-khaman-and-dokhla-1780969|title=What Is the Difference Between Khaman And Dhokhla?|last=|first=|date=|website=[[NDTV]] Food|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013035922/https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/what-is-the-difference-between-khaman-and-dokhla-1780969|archive-date=2020-10-13|access-date=2020-10-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Referensi == 9x5v8k8n1i8hir1fyale1p8i789ivnu Kanji (sop) 0 172149 1760135 1691327 2026-11-06T04:05:36Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Kanji|image=Kanji.1.jpg|caption=Torani Kanji|alternate_name=Ambilaw|country=[[India]]|region=[[Odisha]]|creator=|course=[[Side dish]]|type=[[Curry]], [[Porridge]]|served=Warm|main_ingredient=[[Rice water]], [[curd]], [[green vegetables]]|variations=Dahi Kanji, Pariba Kanji, Torani Kanji, Sagaw Kanji|calories=|other=}}'''Kanji''' ( Odia : କାଞ୍ଜି) minangka olahan adhedhasar banyu beras kanthi tradhisional sing disiyapake ing [[Odisha]] . Gumantung saka cara nyiyapake, dipangan karo bubur, [[Sop|sup]] utawa [[kari]] . Iki minangka salah sawijining Chappan Bhogaw (56 panganan uga dikenal kanthi jeneng Mahaprasadaw ) sing ditawakake Lord Jagannathaw saka Puri minangka bagean saka panganan pungkasan ing dina iki (dikenal kanthi jeneng ''Badaw Singhara Bhogaw'' ). <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFn8wSDfSxEC&pg=PA120&lpg=PA120&dq=jagannath+kanji#q=jagannath+kanji|title=Lord Jagannath|last=Das|first=Suryanarayan|date=May 18, 2010|publisher=Sanbun Publishers|isbn=9789380213224|via=Google Books}}</ref> Sajrone festival Odia ''Kanji Awnla Osha'' <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/April2006/engpdf/The_perishing_tradition_of_osha.pdf|title=The perishing tradition|date=|publisher=magazines.odisha.gov.in|access-date=2020-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010104438/http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/April2006/engpdf/The_perishing_tradition_of_osha.pdf|archive-date=2019-10-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mycitylinks.in/12-exclusive-and-authentic-odia-festivals-that-are-auspiciously-celebrated|title=12 Exclusive And Authentic Odia Festivals That Are Auspiciously Celebrated!|website=Mycitylinks- Bhubaneswar &#124; Cuttack &#124; Puri}}</ref>, kanji ditawani Dewi Sathi. == Referensi == he8pvv1twa8pacb64mumx9ugs7calpq Kuwé shrewsbury 0 173582 1760216 1540522 2026-11-06T07:48:45Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Shrewsbury cake|image=Shrewsbury biscuits (with fruit).JPG|caption=Shrewsbury cake|alternate_name=Shrewsbury biscuit|country=England|region=[[Shrewsbury]], [[Shropshire]]|creator=|course=[[Dessert]]|served=|main_ingredient=[[Sugar]], [[flour]], [[Egg (food)|egg]], [[butter]], and lemon [[Zest (ingredient)|zest]]|variations=|calories=|other=}}'''Kue Shrewsbury''' utawa '''biskuit Shrewsbury''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wetnelly.com/page010.html|title=Shrewsbury Biscuit|website=A Guide To The UK's Traditional Foods|publisher=wetnelly.com|access-date=21 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120194625/http://www.wetnelly.com/page010.html|archive-date=20 November 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> minangka salah sawijining olahan jinis [[panganan cuci mulut]] klasik ing Inggris, dijenengi sawise Shrewsbury, kutha kabupaten Shropshire . Iki digawe saka [[Adhonan|adonan]] sing ngemot [[gula]], [[glepung]], [[Endhog minangka panganan|endhog]], [[Mertéga|butter]] lan semangat lemon ; woh garing uga asring ditambahake. Kue shrewsbury bisa ukuran cilik kanggo disajikake saben-saben, utawa gedhe kanggo dadi panganan cuci mulut. 0gfyfz7dl037g1y8yqv8jro4foy512c Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif Daerah 0 173617 1760157 1734025 2026-11-06T05:14:25Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760157 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif Daerah''' ({{lang-en|Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership}}, '''RCEP'''), punika persetujuan perdagangan antarane [[Asia-Pasifik]] bangsa saka [[Australia]], [[Brunei]], [[Cambodia]], [[China]], [[Indonesia]], [[Jepang]], [[Laos]], [[Malaysia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Selandia Baru]], [[Filipina]], [[Singapura]], [[Korea Selatan]], [[Thailand]], lan [[Vietnam]]. 15 negara anggota kalebu udakara 30% pedunung ing saindenging jagad (2,2 milyar wong) lan 30% PDB global ($ 26,2 triliun) ing taun 2020, dadi blok perdagangan paling gedhe ing sejarah.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=India stays away from RCEP talks in Bali |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Trade/India-stays-away-from-RCEP-talks-in-Bali |work=Nikkei Asian Review |location=Jakarta |date=4 February 2020 |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174517/https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Trade/India-stays-away-from-RCEP-talks-in-Bali |url-status=live }}</ref> Nggabungake kesepakatan bilateral sing wis ana ing antarane anggota 10 saka [[ASEAN]] lan limang mitra dagang utamane, RCEP ditandatangani tanggal 15 November 2020 ing KTT ASEAN virtual sing dianakake Vietnam, lan bakal diwiwiti sanalika diratifikasi paling ora enem penandatanganan ASEAN lan telu sing dudu ASEAN.<ref name="Sign1">{{cite web |title=Asia-Pacific nations sign world's largest trade pact RCEP |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/rcep-trade-pact-asean-summit-singapore-china-13534960 |website=CNA |accessdate=15 November 2020 |date=15 November 2020 |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174450/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/rcep-trade-pact-asean-summit-singapore-china-13534960 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Sign2">{{cite web |last1=Ng |first1=Charmaine |title=15 countries, including Singapore, sign RCEP, the world's largest trade pact |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/15-countries-including-singapore-sign-rcep-the-worlds-largest-trade-pact |website=The Straits Times |accessdate=15 November 2020 |date=15 November 2020 |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174451/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/15-countries-including-singapore-sign-rcep-the-worlds-largest-trade-pact |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=RCEP: Asia-Pacific nations sign world’s biggest trade pact |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/11/15/rcep-15-asia-pacific-nations-set-worlds-biggest-trade-pact |accessdate=15 November 2020 |work=www.aljazeera.com |language=en |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115171723/https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/11/15/rcep-15-asia-pacific-nations-set-worlds-biggest-trade-pact |url-status=live }}</ref> Pakta perdagangan, sing kalebu campuran penghasilan dhuwur,<ref group="note">Australia, Brunei, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore and South Korea</ref> penghasilan menengah,<ref group="note">China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam</ref> lan negara-negara berpenghasilan rendah,<ref group="note">Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and the Philippines</ref> disusun ing KTT ASEAN 2011 ing [[Bali]], Indonesia, nalika negosiasi diluncurake kanthi resmi sajrone KTT ASEAN 2012 ing Kamboja.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/a-trade-pact-nearly-10-years-in-the-making-5-things-to-know-about-rcep |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 November 2020 |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174453/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/a-trade-pact-nearly-10-years-in-the-making-5-things-to-know-about-rcep |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SCMP China declares victory as 15 nations sign" /><ref name=Challenges>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/Perspective/RSIS1402013.pdf|title=RCEP: Challenges and Opportunities for India, 25 July 2013, RSIS, Singapore |website=rsis.edu.sg|access-date=24 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233448/http://www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/Perspective/RSIS1402013.pdf |archive-date=30 December 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Kajaba bisa ngilangi udakara 90% tarif impor ing antarane para penandha sajrone 20 taun wiwit dileksanakake, lan nggawe aturan umum kanggo e-commerce, perdagangan, lan properti intelektual. Aturan asal usul bakal mbantu nggampangake rantai pasokan internasional lan nyuda biaya ekspor ing saindenging blok. RCEP minangka kesepakatan perdagangan bebas pisanan ing antarane China, Jepang, lan Korea Selatan, telu saka papat ekonomi paling gedhe ing Asia.<ref name="SCMP What is RCEP">{{cite news |title=What is RCEP and what does an Indo-Pacific free-trade deal offer China? |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3109436/what-rcep-and-what-does-indo-pacific-free-trade-deal-offer |accessdate=15 November 2020 |work=South China Morning Post |date=12 November 2020 |language=en |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174455/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3109436/what-rcep-and-what-does-indo-pacific-free-trade-deal-offer |url-status=live }}</ref> Nalika ditandatangani, analis ngramal bakal mbantu ngrangsang ekonomi ing tengah [[Pageblug koronavirus 2019–2020|pageblug COVID-19]], uga "narik pusat gravitasi ekonomi menyang Asia," lan nambah kekuwatan [[Amerika Serikat]] ing ekonomi lan politik urusan.<ref name="SCMP China declares victory as 15 nations sign">{{cite news |title=China declares victory as 15 nations sign world’s biggest free-trade deal |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3109939/china-declares-victory-15-asian-nations-sign-worlds-biggest |accessdate=15 November 2020 |work=South China Morning Post |date=15 November 2020 |language=en |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174515/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3109939/china-declares-victory-15-asian-nations-sign-worlds-biggest |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="USDecline">{{cite news|title=US being left behind after Asia forms world's biggest trade bloc RCEP: US Chamber|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/rcep-us-chamber-of-commerce-left-behind-asia-economy-trade-13576598|accessdate=18 November 2020|work=CNA|date=18 November 2020|language=en|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118052900/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/rcep-us-chamber-of-commerce-left-behind-asia-economy-trade-13576598}}</ref><ref name="TimeUS">{{cite news|title=Why the U.S. Could Be the Big Loser in the Huge RCEP Trade Deal Between China and 14 Other Countries|url=https://time.com/5912325/rcep-china-trade-deal-us/|accessdate=18 November 2020|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=18 November 2020|language=en|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118082555/https://time.com/5912325/rcep-china-trade-deal-us/}}</ref> == Keanggotaan == Pemimpin ASEAN negesake manawa [[India]], sing mundur saka negosiasi RCEP tanggal 4 November 2019, bisa bali lan gabung karo blok kasebut nalika wis siyap. Mitra ekonomi eksternal kajaba India, kayata negara-negara ing [[Asia Tengah]] lan negara – negara sing isih ana ing Asia-Pasifik ( [[Asia Kidul]], [[Asia Wetan]], [[Asia Tenggara]], lan [[Oceania]] ), bisa gabung karo RCEP 18 wulan sawise diwiwiti. === Kabeh sepuluh anggota [[ASEAN]] === * {{INA}} * {{THA}} * {{PHI}} * {{MAS}} * {{VNM}} * {{SIN}} * {{MYA}} * {{KAM}} * {{LAO}} * {{BRU}} === Katelu anggota tambahan [[Asia Wétan]] saka ASEAN Plus Three === * {{CHN}} * {{JPN}} * {{KOR}} === Loro anggota Oceanian tambahan ing ASEAN Plus Six === * {{AUS}} * {{NZL}} == Cathetan == {{reflist|group=note}} == Referensi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:ASEAN]] hj9ignbflncti7h9cpdvgfiq5h2hb94 Merienda 0 173823 1760280 1755050 2026-11-06T11:21:16Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760280 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Merienda_Naturaleza_muerta.jpg|ka|jmpl|250x250px| ''Tarip merienda'' khas]] [[Barkas:Mediaslunas,_café_en_jarrito_y_agua_mineral_en_Café_El_Gato_Negro.JPG|ka|jmpl| Sajian tradisional merienda ing Café El Gato Negro, [[Buenos Aires]] : ''medialunas'' (croissant), ''cafe en jarrito'' (kopi espresso dobel) lan segelas banyu sing mencorong]] '''Merienda''' minangka panganan ringan <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.enotes.com/food-encyclopedia/spain|title=Spain. Encyclopedia of Food & Culture|last=|date=|editor-last=Solomon H. Katz.|website=Vol. 2|publisher=Gale Cengage, 2003; http://www.enotes.com, 2006|access-date=27 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219172925/http://www.enotes.com/food-encyclopedia/spain|archive-date=19 December 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> ing [[Éropah Kidul|Eropa kidul]], utamane [[Sepanyol|Spanyol]], [[Portegal|Portugal]], [[Andorra]] (berenar) lan [[Itali|Italia]] (merenda), uga Amerika Hispanik, [[Filipina]] lan [[Maroko]] lan Brasil (lanche utawa merenda). Biasane dijupuk ing afternoon utawa kanggo madhang, ngiseni ing longkangan meal antarane meal noontime lan meal sore, kang padha karo teh afternoon ing donya Inggris-speaking; utawa ing antarane sarapan lan mangan awan. Iki minangka panganan sederhana sing asring kalebu buah, cookie, yogurt, lan [[Nyamikan|cemilan]] liyane sing [[Nyamikan|ditambah]] karo jus, coklat panas, kopi, roh, utawa omben-omben liyane. Umume wong [[Wong Argentina|Argentina]] lan [[Wong Uruguay|Uruguay]] duwe wektu ''sepisan''{{Butuh sitiran|date=September 2020}} utawa ''merienda'' udakara jam 5 sore, antarane [[Panganan Makan|mangan awan]] lan [[Panganan Makan|nedha bengi]] . Nanging umume kasusun saka infus ( [[Tèh|teh]], [[Mate (wedang)|mate]], [[Kopi|warung]], [[mate cocido]], etc.) lan cemilan baked ( [[Scone|scones]], [[roti]], [[Roti panggang|toasts]], [[Bolu|cake]], [[facturas]], etc.), biasane diiringi karo [[Dulce de leche|Dulce de Leche]], [[madu]], [[Mertéga|butter]] utawa [[Sélé woh|senggol]] . Ing [[Filipina]], '''merienda''' punika istilah ingkang tegese dhaharan alit kanthi porsi langkung sithik tinimbang dhaharan utama, ingkang ngginakaken sega lan lawuh. Rasane saged manis, sagis gurih, wiwit saking roti utawa kue, lajeng dipunlanjutaken panganan panutup lan permen. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Baking with Julia: Sift, Kneed, Flute, Flour, and Savor...|url=https://archive.org/details/bakingwithjuliab0000gree|last=Child|first=Julia|last2=Greenspan|first2=Dorothy|publisher=William Morrow Cookbooks|year=1996|isbn=9780688146573.}}</ref> Sak liyane niku, merienda kalebet kalih wekdal dhaharan alit. Sepisan, camilan enjing ingkang saged dipunbandinggaken kaliyan ''brunch''. Kapindo, dhaharan alit ing wayah sonten ingkang sami kaliyan tradhisi ngunjuk teh sonten. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://liveinthephilippines.com/content/2009/07/merienda-in-the-philippines/|title=Merienda in the Philippines — Live in the Philippines|website=liveinthephilippines.com|language=en-US|access-date=2026-02-27|archive-date=2010-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609041515/http://liveinthephilippines.com/content/2009/07/merienda-in-the-philippines/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dene merienda ingkang dipunkonsumsi nalika surup srengenge asmane '''merienda cena.''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/filipino_food_glossary.htm|title=FILIPINO FOOD Glossary|website=www.seasite.niu.edu|access-date=2026-02-27}}</ref> == Cathetan Suku == <references /> == Referensi == [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Itali]] kx19ck2fbinj4sigi8xw3og139ta63q Donat krim Boston 0 173959 1759914 1736872 2026-11-05T15:33:45Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Boston cream doughnut|image=DD-Boston-Cream-Donut.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=|alternate_name=Boston cream pie doughnut<br />Boston cream pie donut|country=United States|region=New England|creator=|course=|type=[[Doughnut]]|served=|main_ingredient=Dough, chocolate [[icing (food)|icing]], [[custard]]|variations=|calories=|other=}}Donat kasebut digawe saka ilham saka pai krim ing Boston <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ereferencedesk.com/resources/state-symbols/massachusetts/donut.html|title=Archive copy|access-date=2020-11-28|archive-date=2020-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017214540/https://www.ereferencedesk.com/resources/state-symbols/massachusetts/donut.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> sing banjur digawe dening koki M. Sanzian ing Hotel Parker House ing Boston taun 1856. Iki minangka kue spons rong lapis sing diisi karo wadi rasa vanilla lan dilengkapi glasir coklat lan wis dadi bahan utama ing Massachusetts wiwit digawe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mobile-cuisine.com/did-you-know/boston-cream-pie-fun-facts/}}</ref> Adaptasi kue krim adonan saka Krim Boston kasebut misuwur banget ing Massachusetts, lan ing saindhenging Amerika Serikat. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/boston-cream-donut}}</ref> Kepala pemasaran rantai donat Kanada, [[Tim Hortons|Tim Horton,]] ngaku wis "tresna" karo donat krim Boston lan menehi perhatian banget marang kemasan sing diproduksi perusahaan sing ana gandhengane karo donat kasebut. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keremeosreview.com/news/tim-hortons-promises-leaky-lids-on-coffee-cups-to-be-phased-out/|title=Tim Hortons promises leaky lids on coffee cups to be phased out|date=2018-08-16|website=Keremeos Review|language=en-US|access-date=2020-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027123538/https://www.keremeosreview.com/news/tim-hortons-promises-leaky-lids-on-coffee-cups-to-be-phased-out/|archive-date=2022-10-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == 21oymyea7tegnuwsva6bi89hdyzl80r Kuwé Herman 0 174065 1760212 1731201 2026-11-06T07:42:41Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Herman cake|image=2007-06-30Hermann05.jpg|image_size=200px|caption=|alternate_name=|country=|region=|creator=|course=|type=[[Cake]]|served=|main_ingredient=[[Yeast]], [[Sugar]], [[Flour]], [[Milk]]|variations=|calories=|other=}}'''Kue Herman''' (asring diarani '''Herman''' ) minangka 'kue persahabatan'. Kaya roti persahabatan Amish, wiwitan diwiwiti saben wong (kaya huruf rantai ) lan terus tuwuh amarga ngemot bakteri asam [[Khamir|ragi]] lan laktat . <ref name="stern">{{Cite news|url=http://www.stern.de/wissen/gesund_leben/kult-kuchen-ein-kuchen-namens-hermann-511049.html|title=Ein Kuchen namens Hermann|last=Löll|first=Christiane|date=31 July 2003|work=Stern|access-date=17 December 2012|language=German}}</ref> Siji pamula bisa, miturut teori, tetep tanpa wates. Bahan-bahan liyane sing dicampur yaiku [[susu]], [[gula]], [[glepung]] lan banyu anget. <ref name="word">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2011/nov/30/a-friendship-cake-called-herman|title=A friendship cake called Herman|last=Enfield|first=Lizzie|date=30 November 2011|work=Word of Mouth Blog|access-date=6 December 2012|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> Dheweke dadi populer ing taun 1970-an. <ref name="revive">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/features/home-cooks-revive-a-friendly-seventies-fad-to-create-a-family-tree-of-herman-cakes-7734617.html|title=Home cooks revive a friendly Seventies fad to create a family tree of Herman cakes|last=Orr|first=Gillian|date=11 May 2012|work=The Independent|access-date=6 December 2012}}</ref> Wiwitane Herman durung digawe adhem, lan lungguh ing meja kanggo sepuluh dina. <ref name="revive2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/features/home-cooks-revive-a-friendly-seventies-fad-to-create-a-family-tree-of-herman-cakes-7734617.html|title=Home cooks revive a friendly Seventies fad to create a family tree of Herman cakes|last=Orr|first=Gillian|date=11 May 2012|work=The Independent|access-date=6 December 2012}}</ref> Wiwitan "ambegan" nalika ditutup kanthi andhuk teh lan ditinggalake ing meja kerja lan aduk sok-sok. Iki kedadeyan amarga ragi ing wiwitan Herman, nggawe campuran asring gelembung. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hermanthegermanfriendshipcake.com/ |title=Herman The German Friendship Cake |access-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124095503/http://hermanthegermanfriendshipcake.com/ |archive-date=2020-11-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Adonan uga ambune bir amarga ragi. [[Barkas:Hermann-Teig.jpg|kiri|jmpl| Campuran Herman]] == Referensi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Kuwé]] cvabpt4h14hmjj4qfzot8ypgohaisjl Ginataang manok 0 174294 1759979 1733110 2026-11-05T19:40:12Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Ginataang manok|image=[[File:1213Cuisine of Bulacan 02.jpg|220px]]<br>[[File:Philippine Chicken curry.jpg|220px]]|image_size=|caption='''Top''': ''Ginataang manok'' with [[green papaya]];<br>'''Bottom''': Filipino chicken curry, a variant with [[curry powder]]|alternate_name=Manok sa gata|country=[[Philippines]]|region=|creator=|course=Main course|served=Hot|main_ingredient=[[chicken]], [[coconut milk]]|variations=Filipino chicken curry|calories=|other=}}'''''Pitik Ginataang''''' yaiku [[Sop pitik|sup pitik]] Filipina sing digawe saka pitik ing [[Santen|santen klapa klapa]] [[Katès|ijo]] lan sayuran liyane, papak, jahe, bawang, ''[[Bagoong|patis]]'' (saus iwak) utawa ''[[Trasi|bagoong alamang]]'' ( [[Trasi|pasta udang]] ), lan uyah lan mrico. ''[[Ginataan|Yaiku]]'' jinising ''[[Ginataan|ginatan]]'' . Varian sing umume [[Bubuk kari|disedhiyakake]] nambah [[bubuk kari]] utawa rempah-rempah [[Olah-olahan India|India]] dudu lan dikenal minangka '''kari ayam Filipina''' . <ref name="pp">{{Cite web|url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/chicken-curry-pinoy-style/|title=Pinoy Chicken Curry Recipe|website=Panlasang Pinoy|access-date=20 April 2019}}</ref> ''Ayam ginataang cocog'' digawe karo pitik asli (umume dibesarkan ing kebon mburi Filipina). Pisanan diiris karo bawang putih, bawang, lan jahe (utawa kunir) nganti kecoklatan. Sapa klapa banjur ditambahake karo sayuran kayata [[Katès|pepaya ijo]] (utawa [[Labu siam|chayote]] ), [[Janganan godhong|sayuran godhong]] (kalebu [[Sawi|pechay]], bayem, godhong [[Kélor|kelor]], lsp), lan paprika (biasane [[Lombok loncèng|mrico]] utawa siling haba ). Iki dibumbui nganggo uyah, mrico, lan ''[[Bagoong|patis]]'' (saus iwak) utawa sadurungeong ''[[Trasi|alamang]]'' ( [[Trasi|pasta udang]] ), lan opsional, labuyo cili. [[Santen|Krim klapa]] ( ''kakang gata'' ) biasane ditambahake sakcepete sadurunge mateng lan ''direndhem ing geni cilik'' . Sajian banget padha kanggo ''[[tinola]]'' utawa ''binakol'', kajaba kanggo nganggo santen. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kawalingpinoy.com/ginataang-manok/|title=Ginataang Manok|website=Kawaling Pinoy|access-date=20 April 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yummy.ph/recipe/ginataang-manok|title=Ginataang Manok|last=Angeles|first=Mira|website=Yummy.ph|access-date=20 April 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.angsarap.net/2014/11/25/ginataang-manok/|title=Ginataang Manok|website=Ang Sarap|access-date=20 April 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://maputingcooking.com/recipe/chicken-coconut-milk-stew-bicol-ginataang-manok-recipe/|title=Chicken in Coconut Milk Stew : Bicol Ginataang Manok Recipe|website=Maputing Cooking|access-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420074717/http://maputingcooking.com/recipe/chicken-coconut-milk-stew-bicol-ginataang-manok-recipe/|archive-date=20 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.savvynana.com/recipe/ginataang-manok-chicken-stewed-coconut-milk-filipino-recipe/|title=Ginataang Manok (Chicken Stewed in Coconut Milk) Filipino Recipe!|website=Savvy Nana's|access-date=20 April 2019|archive-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216100142/http://www.savvynana.com/recipe/ginataang-manok-chicken-stewed-coconut-milk-filipino-recipe/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == 42joptrz57uod0ve4w5k378cis1btjm Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi Perbara 0 174382 1760187 1755422 2026-11-06T06:27:33Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760187 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|[[Asosiasi Bangsa Bangsa Asia Kidul Wétan|ASEAN]] anggota ditampilake ing warna ijo.]] '''Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi Perbara''' ('''KTT ASEAN''') minangka rapat tahunan sing dianakake dening para anggota [[Asosiasi Bangsa Bangsa Asia Kidul Wétan]] (ASEAN) gegayutan karo pembangunan ekonomi, politik, keamanan, lan sosial budaya ing negara-negara [[Asia Tenggara]]. Kajaba iku, dadi konferensi regional ([[Asia]]) lan internasional (ing saindenging jagad) sing misuwur, kanthi pimpinan jagad rawuh ing puncak lan rapat sing gegandhengan kanggo ngrembug macem-macem masalah lan masalah global, nguatake kerja sama, lan njupuk keputusan.<ref>{{cite book|title=Roadmap to an Asean Economic Community |url=https://archive.org/details/roadmaptoaseanec0000asea |author= Denis Hew|year=2005|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=981-230-347-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=World leaders in Manila: Key events at ASEAN|url=http://m.philstar.com/782974/show/7eb7803727e8504defe21782560fab71/|access-date=2020-12-20|archive-date=2017-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035820/http://m.philstar.com/782974/show/7eb7803727e8504defe21782560fab71/|url-status=dead}}</ref> KTT kasebut dipuji para pimpinan dunya amarga sukses lan kemampuane ngasilake asil ing level global.<ref>{{cite news|title=World leaders praised the Philippines on how it hosted the ASEAN Summit {{!}} UNTV News|url=https://www.untvweb.com/news/world-leaders-praised-the-philippines-on-how-it-hosted-the-asean-summit/|work=www.untvweb.com|access-date=2020-12-20|archive-date=2018-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/https://www.untvweb.com/news/world-leaders-praised-the-philippines-on-how-it-hosted-the-asean-summit/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Liga '''ASEAN''' saiki dihubungake karo negara liya sing tujuane melu misi lan visi liga. Liga nggawe rapat tahunan karo negara liya ing organisasi sing sacara kolektif dikenal minangka [[ASEAN|mitra dialog ASEAN]]. ASEAN +3 nambahake [[China]], [[Jepang]], lan [[Korea Kidul]]. Ringkesan resmi dianakake sajrone telung dina. Jadwal biasane kaya ing ngisor iki: * Pemimpin ASEAN nganakake rapat organisasi internal. * Pemimpin ASEAN nganakake konferensi bebarengan karo menteri luar negeri Forum Regional ASEAN. * Pimpinan saka telung Mitra Dialog ASEAN (uga dikenal minangka ASEAN +3), yaiku China, Jepang, lan Korea Selatan, nganakake rapat karo para pimpinan ASEAN. * Lan rapat kapisah kanggo para pemimpin loro Mitra Dialog ASEAN (uga dikenal kanthi jeneng ASEAN + CER), yaiku [[Australia]] lan [[Selandia Anyar]]. == Sejarah == [[Barkas:A group photograph of All Head of StatesGovernments at ASEAN Summit in Vientiane, Laos on November 29, 2004.jpg|thumb|Foto klompok kabeh kepala negara bagian lan pamrentah ing KTT ASEAN kaping 10 ing [[Vientiane]], [[Laos]] tanggal 29 November 2004]] KTT ASEAN kaping pisanan dianakake ing wulan Februari 1976 ing [[Bali]], [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aseansec.org/11832.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508052125/http://www.aseansec.org/11832.htm |title=Economic Achievement |publisher=ASEAN |accessdate=12 April 2009 |archive-date=8 May 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ing pertemuan puncak kasebut, ASEAN mratelakake siyap "ngembangake hubungan sing subur" lan kerja sama sing saling migunani karo negara-negara liyane ing wilayah kasebut.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aseansec.org/10370.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211214321/http://www.aseansec.org/10370.htm |title=External Relations |publisher=ASEAN |accessdate=12 April 2009 |archive-date=11 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Para pimpinan ASEAN nandatangani [[Prajanjian Amity lan Kerjasama ing Kidul Wétan]]. KTT ASEAN kaping 2 sing dianakake ing [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]] ing wulan Agustus 1977 minangka acara rapat puncak pertama antarane [[Jepang]] lan ASEAN. Jepang mratelakake tujuwane kanggo ningkatake kerja sama karo ASEAN.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/asean/pmv9812/relation.html|title=Relation between Japan and ASEAN|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan|accessdate=12 April 2009|date=December 1998}}</ref> Ing KTT ASEAN Ke-9, rapat ing Oktober 2003 ing Bali, Indonesia, para pimpinan negara-negara anggota kasebut nandatangani deklarasi sing dikenal minangka Bali Concord II ing endi dheweke setuju ngupayakake integrasi ekonomi sing luwih cedhak ing taun 2020. Miturut deklarasi kasebut, "Komunitas ASEAN" bakal dilebokake ing telung pilar, "yaiku kerja sama politik lan keamanan, kerjasama ekonomi, lan kerja sama sosial budaya; Kanggo tujuan supaya perdamaian, stabilitas lan kemakmuran bareng ing wilayah kasebut." Rencana kasebut mbayangake wilayah kanthi pedunung 500 yuta lan perdagangan tahunan US$ 720 milyar. Uga, area perdagangan bebas bakal digawe ing wilayah kasebut ing taun 2020. Para pimpinan ASEAN uga ngrembug babagan nggawe komunitas keamanan bebarengan karo ekonomi, sanajan ora ana aliansi militer resmi. Ing rapat sing padha, China lan ASEAN uga setuju kerja luwih cepet menyang kesepakatan perdagangan bebarengan sing bakal nggawe pasar paling padhet ing donya, kanthi 1,7 milyar konsumen. Jepang uga nandatangani perjanjian pledging kanggo nyuda tarif lan alangan non-tarif karo anggota ASEAN. == KTT ASEAN == Ing Piagam ASEAN, KTT ASEAN minangka badan nggawe kebijakan paling dhuwur saka ASEAN. Iki kalebu kepala negara utawa pamrentah saben negara anggota. Mula, Ketua ASEAN muter saben taun, adhedhasar urutan abjad saka jeneng Inggris negara anggota ASEAN. Negara anggota sing asumsi Ketua kasebut dianakake sajrone setaun tanggalan, lan dadi ketua KTT ASEAN lan puncak sing gegandhengan, Dewan Koordinasi ASEAN, telung Dewan Komunitas ASEAN, Badan Menteri Sektoral ASEAN lan pejabat senior, lan Komite Perwakilan Tetap. Kajaba iku, Sekretaris Jenderal Asosiasi Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara ditunjuk dening KTT ASEAN, dipilih saka negara-negara negara anggota ASEAN adhedhasar rotasi alfabet.<ref name="ASEAN Charter">{{Cite web |url=https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/1.-The-ASEAN-Charter-23rd-Reprint.pdf|title=The ASEAN Charter|website=[[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]]|accessdate=20 December 2018}}</ref> Ketua ASEAN kanggo taun 2020 dianakake Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://asean.org/asean/asean-chair/|title=ASEAN Chair|website=[[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]]|accessdate=20 December 2018}}</ref> == Rapat KTT ASEAN == Rapat KTT ASEAN dianakake dening sepuluh negara anggota saben taun. Ing Piagam ASEAN, Rapat KTT ASEAN dianakake kaping pindho saben taun, dadi tuan rumah negara anggota sing nyekel Ketua ASEAN. Rapat khusus utawa ad hoc bisa uga ditindakake kapan perlu, dipimpin dening negara anggota sing nyekel Ketua ASEAN ing papan-papan sing bakal disepakati karo negara anggota ASEAN.<ref name="ASEAN Charter" /> == Referensi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:ASEAN]] mfa3nwrbpjgubgyo0o9i8yrxzadzqfu Iz*One 0 174417 1760057 1751783 2026-11-05T23:17:46Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Iz*One | background = group_or_band | image = 0106 신인상 후보 아이즈원(IZONE) 33회 골든디스크 시상식 레드카펫 4K 영상 snapshot @ 02m44s.jpg | landscape = yes | caption = Iz*One ing Golden Disc Awards kaping 33 taun 2019<br />(Saka kiwa nengen: Kang Hye-won, Lee Chae-yeon, Kim Min-ju, Hitomi Honda, Kwon Eun-bi, Jang Won-young, Sakura Miyawaki, Nako Yabuki, Jo Yu-ri, Kim Chae-won, Choi Ye-na, An Yu-jin) | origin = [[Seoul]], Korea Kidul | genre = {{hlist|[[K-pop]]|[[J-pop]]<ref name=":0" />}} | years_active = 2018-2021 | label = {{hlist|Off the Record|Swing Entertainment|EMI Records Japan|Vernalossom<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.daily.co.jp/gossip/2020/01/20/0013049833.shtml|title=ＡＫＳが国内ＡＫＢ全グループから撤退…ＨＫＴなど６グループは独立採算制に|work=Daily Sports|date=January 20, 2020|access-date=May 13, 2020|language=ja}}</ref>}} | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[AKB48]]|[[HKT48]]}} | website = * {{url|iz-one.co.kr/}} | past_members = * Kwon Eun-bi * Sakura Miyawaki * Kang Hye-won * Choi Ye-na * Lee Chae-yeon * Kim Chae-won * Kim Min-ju * Nako Yabuki * Hitomi Honda * Jo Yu-ri * An Yu-jin * Jang Won-young }} '''Iz*One''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|aɪ|z|_|w|ʌ|n}} {{respell|EYEZ|wun}}; {{lang-ko|아이즈원|Aijeuwon}}; {{lang-ja|アイズワン|Aizuwan}}; gaya minangka '''IZ*ONE''') yaiku ''girl group'' Korea Selatan–Jepang sing dibentuk liwat acara kompetisi realitas [[Mnet]] [[''Produce 48'']].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8482221/korean-japanese-girl-group-izone-la-vie-en-rose|title=Korean-Japanese Girl Group IZ*ONE Releases First Single 'La Vie en Rose'|work=Billboard|date=October 29, 2018|access-date=November 4, 2018|first1=Tamar|last1=Herman}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2018/11/682_257859.html|title='Produce 48' project group IZ*ONE makes debut|work=The Korea Times|date=October 30, 2018|access-date=November 4, 2018|last1=Kwak|first1=Yeon-soo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20181029000858|title=Fresh out of idol competition show, girl band Iz One debuts with 'Color*Iz'|work=The Korea Herald|date=October 29, 2018|access-date=November 4, 2018}}</ref> Grup kasebut, dikelola dening Off the Record and Swing Entertainment,<ref name="offtherecord">{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=311&aid=0000901420|work=X Sports News|title=[전문] 아이즈원X프로미스나인, 한솥밥 먹는다...신생 기획사 오프더레코드 소속|date=September 21, 2018|access-date=September 22, 2018|language=ko}}</ref> kasusun saka rolas anggota: Jang Won-young, Sakura Miyawaki, Jo Yu-ri, Choi Ye-na, An Yu-jin, Nako Yabuki, Kwon Eun-bi, Kang Hye-won, Hitomi Honda, Kim Chae-won, Kim Min-ju, and Lee Chae-yeon.<ref>{{cite web|last=Yim|first=Hyun-su|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201809021454014894073_2|title=Meet the 12 members of IZ*ONE as 'Produce 48' wraps up|website=Kpop Herald|publisher=Herald Corporation|date=September 2, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2018}}</ref> Iz*One debut tanggal 29 Oktober 2018 kanthi ''extended play'' (EP) kaping pisanan ''Color*Iz''. Sawise ngeculake, grup kasebut entuk sukses kanthi komersial, adol luwih saka 225.000 unit lan pucuk nomer 2 ing Chart Album Gaon Korea Kidul. Kajaba iku, EP lan single utama "La Vie en Rose" uga charted ing Album World Billboard lan World Digital Songs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8484032/izone-debut-la-vie-en-rose-coloriz-world-album-songs-charts|title=IZ*ONE Debut in Top 10 of World Albums & World Digital Song Sales Charts|work=Billboard|date=November 8, 2018|access-date=March 30, 2019|first1=Jeff|last1=Benjamin}}</ref> Sukses awal banjur diarani dhèwèké minangka Artis Anyar Taun ing pirang-pirang upacara penghargaan, kalebu Golden Disc Awards lan Seoul Music Awards. Single debut Jepang grup kasebut, "Suki to Iwasetai", dirilis tanggal 6 Februari 2019 kanthi label EMI Records UMG . Muncul ing nomer 2 ing Chart Singles Oricon lan luwih saka 250.000 unit penjualan, sing siji kasebut disertifikasi Platinum dening Asosiasi Industri Rekaman Jepang (RIAJ).<ref name="Oricon News">{{cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2131124/full/|title=ハイスタ、欅坂46が3プラチナ キスマイ、IZ＊ONE、STU48、NMB48がプラチナ 2月度レコ協認定|work=Oricon News|date=March 8, 2019|access-date=July 20, 2019|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510162850/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2131124/full/|archive-date=May 10, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Wiwit debut dadi Iz*One, dhèwèké nerbitake rong album studio (siji Korea lan siji Jepang), pitung lakon (papat ing Korea lan telu ing Jepang). Sanajan ana diskusi awal babagan kemungkinan perpanjangan kontrak, Iz*One resmi dibubarake tanggal 29 April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-10|title=아이즈원, 결국 해체…"4월 활동 마무리" [전문]|url=https://www.hankyung.com/entertainment/article/202103105882H|access-date=2021-03-10|website=hankyung.com|language=ko|archive-date=March 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312040241/https://www.hankyung.com/entertainment/article/202103105882H|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=입력: 2021.04.29 08:31|date=2021-04-29|title=[종합]아이즈원, 가요계 활동 마침표|url=http://sports.khan.co.kr/entertainment/sk_index.html?art_id=202104290831003&sec_id=540101&pt=nv|access-date=2021-05-01|website=sports.khan.co.kr|language=ko}}</ref> == Jeneng == Jeneng grup kasebut, Iz*One (gaya ing kabeh hurup gedhe), disaranake para netizen liwat situs web resmi ''Produce 48'' lan dipilih dening [[CJ ENM]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://produce48.mnet.com/pc/gnameFinal|title=PRODUCE 48|publisher=CJ ENM|access-date=October 24, 2018|language=ko|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514115116/http://produce48.mnet.com/pc/gnameFinal|archive-date=May 14, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> "IZ" minangka angka kanggo nomer 12, pakurmatan kanggo rolas anggota, dene "ONE" nuduhake manawa dhèwèké dadi siji klompok. Asterisk (*) ing antarane "IZ" lan "ONE" nglambangake pratandha astrologi [[zodiak]]. == Sejarah == [[Barkas:IZONE Logo.png|thumb|Logo IZ*ONE]] Iz*One dibentuk liwat acara kompetisi realita ''Produce 48'', sing disiarake ing [[Mnet]] wiwit tanggal 15 Juni nganti 31 Agustus 2018. Acara kasebut ditagih minangka kolaborasi antara franchise ''Produce 101'' Korea lan idola Jepang ''AKB48 Group''. Saka sangang puluh enem kontestan awal, rolas final kasebut diumumake liwat siaran televisi langsung.<ref name="pd48">{{cite web|url=http://star.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/8a3ea2d5ed1f48d3bed570035813f3ca|title='프로듀스48' PD "투표는 한국에서만...최종 12인 국적 구분 NO"|work=Hankook Ilbo|date=June 11, 2018|access-date=September 1, 2018|language=ko|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143744/http://star.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/8a3ea2d5ed1f48d3bed570035813f3ca|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=108&aid=0002724417|title=[★밤TView]'프듀48' 장원영, 1등으로 아이즈원 데뷔..12등 이채연|work=Star News|date=August 31, 2018|access-date=September 1, 2018|language=ko}}</ref> Sadurunge tampil ing acara kasebut, sawetara anggota wis aktif ing industri hiburan. Hitomi Honda sadurunge nggawe debut dadi anggota [[AKB48]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.entamenext.com/news/detail/id=544|script-title=ja:チーム8の始動メンバーは九州と関東の混成チーム！|trans-title=Team 8's first members are a mixed team from Kyushu and Kanto|website=エンタメNEXT|language=ja|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> Sadurunge gabung karo [[HKT48]], anggota Sakura Miyawaki wis tampil ing produksi musik Perusahaan Teater Shiki The Lion King (2008–2009),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.nifty.com/article/entame/showbizd/12257-084196/ |script-title=ja:HKT48宮脇咲良の"魂が震える"名言集！常に最前線で戦ってきたパイオニアの覚悟とは!? |trans-title=HKT48 Sakura Miyawaki's "soul trembling" words of wisdom! What is the resolution of this pioneer who has always fought on the forefront!? |date=September 7, 2018 |access-date=September 25, 2018 |work=Nifty News |publisher=[[Nifty Corporation]] |language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924185847/https://news.nifty.com/article/entame/showbizd/12257-084196/|archive-date=September 24, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://nuts-pro.com:80/new.html |title=WHAT'S NEW -NUTS PRODUCTION- |access-date=September 25, 2018 |publisher=Nuts Production |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927093428/http://www.nuts-pro.com/new.html |archive-date=September 27, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> lan anggota Nako Yabuki ana ing film ''Touch 2005'', disusul karo peran ing macem-macem drama televisi Jepang lan iklan.<ref name="nikkansports20150721">{{cite web |url=https://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/akb48/news/1510553.html |script-title=ja:ＨＫＴ矢吹奈子、映画「タッチ」南役にメンバー驚き |trans-title=HKT's Nako Yabuki played Minami in the film "Touch", surprises members |date=July 21, 2015 |access-date=September 25, 2018 |work=nikkansports.com |publisher=[[Nikkan Sports]] |language=ja }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/607228/ |script-title=ja:矢吹奈子のCM出演情報 |trans-title=Nako Yabuki's CM appearance information |access-date=September 25, 2018 |work=Oricon Style |publisher=[[Oricon]] |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110140351/https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/607228/ |archive-date=January 10, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/60271|script-title=ja:HKT48、地元博多で「手をつなぎながら」公演スタート|trans-title=HKT48 begin start performing at their local Hakata theatre with "Te o Tsunagi nagara" stage|website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc.|language=ja|access-date=September 17, 2018|archive-date=March 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312022616/https://natalie.mu/music/news/60271|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/102789|script-title=ja:HKT48ひまわり組の初日公演で3期生サプライズお披露目|trans-title=Third generation members make a surprise announcement at the HKT48 Sunflower Team opening day performance|website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc.|language=ja|access-date=September 17, 2018|archive-date=September 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917143539/https://natalie.mu/music/news/102789|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kwon Eun-bi sadurunge debut karo Ye-A ing 2014 kanthi jeneng panggung Ka-zoo, nanging banjur ninggalake grup kasebut.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.mtn.co.kr/newscenter/news_viewer.mtn?gidx=2018071617185511737|title=권은비, 걸그룹 '예아'로 활동 당시 모습 보니 '핑크색 머리 눈길'|work=MTN|date=July 16, 2018|access-date=September 1, 2018|language=ko}}</ref> Kang Hye-won minangka anggota potensial kanggo grup DayDay lan The Ark. Lee Chae-yeon sadurunge main ing SBS ''K-pop Star 3'', lan kompetisi kompetisi realita [[JYP Entertainment]] ''Sixteen''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201809010020344110|title=K팝3→식스틴→프듀48, 아이즈원 12등 이채연의 감동 스토리[스타와치]|work=Newsen|date=September 1, 2018|access-date=September 1, 2018|language=ko}}</ref> Jo Yu-ri dadi kontestan ing acara kompetisi Mnet 2017 ''Idol School'' kepungkur, ing papan nomer 15.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://star.mbn.co.kr/view.php?year=2018&no=550567|title=[아이즈원 매력 탐구①] 1위 장원영부터 6위 야부키 나코까지..."국프 사랑 내꺼야"|work=MBN|date=September 1, 2018|access-date=September 1, 2018|language=ko}}</ref> Kim Min-ju tampil dadi aktris ing video musik lan [[drama Korea]], utamane seri televisi MBC 2018 ''Tempted'', ing endi dhèwèké nggambarake peran wong nom Choi Soo-ji (Moon Ga-young).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stoo.asiae.co.kr/news/naver_view.htm?idxno=2018061523480182612|title=[TV캡처] '프로듀스 48' 김민주 "아이콘 MV·'위대한 유혹자' 출연"|work=Stoo Asiae|date=June 15, 2018|access-date=September 3, 2018|language=ko|archive-date=September 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903082359/http://stoo.asiae.co.kr/news/naver_view.htm?idxno=2018061523480182612|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/1443983|title=김민주, '위대한 유혹자'서 첫 드라마 데뷔...문가영 아역|work=tenasia|date=March 13, 2018|access-date=October 1, 2018|language=ko|archive-date=October 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001031342/http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/1443983|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yu-jin uga wis tampil dadi aktris ing iklan lan video musik, utamane ing iklan Acuvue Vita.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insight.co.kr/news/117856 |title=청순한 '여대생' 같은 아큐브 광고 모델의 놀라운 정체 |date=August 29, 2017 |access-date=November 7, 2018 |work=Insight |language=ko |last=Lee |first=Byul}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insight.co.kr/news/149687 |title='프로듀스48' 출연하는 '올해 16살' 아큐브 모델 안유진 |date=April 11, 2018 |access-date=November 7, 2018 |work=Insight |language=ko |last=Kim |first=So-yeon }}</ref> Ing wulan September 2018, Off the Record ngumumake manawa bakal njupuk manajemen Iz*One saka Stone Music and Pledis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1110981874|title='컴백' 워너원·'데뷔' 아이즈원, '프듀' 남매 올가을 연속출격 (종합) [Oh!쎈 이슈]|work=OSEN|date=September 4, 2018|access-date=September 22, 2018|language=ko}}</ref><ref name="offtherecord" /> Katelu anggota Jepang bakal mungkasi kegiatan karo 48 klompok masing-masing kanggo fokus ing Iz*One.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/akb48/news/201809240000590.html|date=September 24, 2018|newspaper=日刊体育|access-date=September 24, 2018|url-status=live|language=ja|script-title=ja:宮脇咲良、矢吹奈子、本田仁美が日韓ユニットに専任|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015174436/https://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/akb48/news/201809240000590.html|archive-date=October 15, 2018}}</ref> == Anggota == Anggota kacathet ing format jeneng Korea kajaba asal saka Jepang, sing didaftar ing urutan Kulon lan nganggo jeneng Jepang lan Korea. * Kwon Eun-bi (권은비) – leader{{efn|In the second episode of ''Iz*One Chu'', Kwon Eun-bi was selected to be the leader of the group.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=410&aid=0000527285|title='아이즈원 츄' 권은비, 리더 몰카에 눈물...안유진X이채연 메소드 연기?|work=MK Sports|date=November 2, 2018|access-date=November 3, 2018}}</ref>}} * {{nihongo|Sakura Miyawaki|宮脇咲良}} (미야와키 사쿠라) * Kang Hye-won (강혜원) * Choi Ye-na (최예나) * Lee Chae-yeon (이채연) *Kim Chae-won (김채원) * Kim Min-ju (김민주) * {{nihongo|Nako Yabuki|矢吹奈子}} (야부키 나코) * {{nihongo|Hitomi Honda|本田仁美}} (혼다 히토미) * Jo Yu-ri (조유리) * An Yu-jin (안유진) *Jang Won-young (장원영) == Diskografi == * ''[[Bloom*Iz]]'' (2020) * ''[[Twelve (Iz*One album)|Twelve]]'' (2020) == Filmografi == === Filem === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Taun ! Judhul ! Peran ! cathetan ! {{abbr|Ref.|Referensi}} |- | 2020 | ''[[Eyes on Me: The Movie]]'' | Themselves | |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xportsnews.com/?ac=article_view&entry_id=1272151|title=[단독] '6월 15일 컴백' 아이즈원, 뮤직비디오 촬영 완료 '기대감↑'|work=X Sports News|date=May 19, 2020|access-date=May 20, 2020|language=ko|first=Hyun-Jung|last=Kim}}</ref> |} === Acara realita === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Taun ! Judhul ! Jaringan ! Cathetan ! {{abbr|Ref.|Referensi}} |- | 2018 | ''Iz*One Chu'' | Mnet | Debut acara realita |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.joins.com/article/23042975|title=아이즈원 리얼리티 '아이즈원 츄', 25일 Mnet 첫 방송|work=JoongAng Ilbo|language=ko|date=October 12, 2018|access-date=July 6, 2019|first=Ji-young|last=Hwang}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 |''Iz*One's First Steps in Japan'' | AbemaTV | Pandhuan pra-debut kanggo macem-macem pertunjukan Jepang |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=009&aid=0004284861|title=아이즈원, 첫 단독 웹예능 '입덕스쿨 아이즈원시티' 출격|work=Maekyung|language=ko|date=January 8, 2019|access-date=July 6, 2019|first=Da-gyeom|last=Lee|via=Naver}}</ref> |- | ''Iz*One City'' | Pooq | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&aid=0003365833|title=아이즈원, 첫 단독 웹예능 출격… 입덕스쿨 아이즈원시티|work=Sports Chosun|language=ko|date=January 8, 2019|access-date=January 8, 2019|first=An-ji|last=Jeong|via=Naver}}</ref> |- | ''Iz*One Chu – Secret Friend'' | rowspan="2" | Mnet | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&aid=0000075964|title='아이즈원츄2' 티저, 교복 입은 러블리 아이즈원|work=Newsen|language=ko|date=March 15, 2019|access-date=July 6, 2019|first=Ye-eun|last=Kim|via=Naver}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3"|2020 | ''Iz*One Chu – Fantasy Campus'' | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.v.daum.net/v/20200512082632913|title=아이즈원 리얼리티 '아이즈원츄3' 6월 편성..여름 컴백|work=Ilgan Sports|language=ko|date=May 12, 2020|access-date=May 13, 2020|first=Ji-young|last=Hwang|via=Daum}}</ref> |- | ''Iz*One Eat-ing Trip'' | U+ Idol Live | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://n.news.naver.com/article/031/0000539938|title=U+아이돌라이브, 아이즈원 속초 '먹방' 여행 단독공개|work=iNews24|language=ko|date=May 26, 2020|access-date=June 25, 2020}}</ref> |- | ''Iz*One Chu – ON:TACT'' | Mnet | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&aid=0000854943|title='아이즈원츄-ON:TACT' 23일 편성 확정…먹방 체험 예고편 공개|work=Sports DongA|language=ko|date=September 15, 2020|access-date=September 15, 2020|first=Hee-yeon|last=Jung|via=Daum}}</ref> |- |} == Cathetan == {{notelist}} == Referensi == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Kategori:Grup musik K-pop]] 045c305faqxwnb16k3dqamzewp07nbx Levengi 0 174457 1760237 1703814 2026-11-06T08:50:31Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Ləvəngi|image=File:Balıq ləvəngisi.jpg|caption=Stuffed fish ({{lang-az|Balıq Ləvəngisi}})|alternate_name=|country=Azerbaijan, Iran|region=[[Gilan|Gilan province]], [[Absheron District|Absheron]], [[Neftchala Rayon|Neftchala]]|creator=|course=main|type=|served=|main_ingredient=walnut and onions|variations=chicken, fish, duck|calories=|other=}}'''Levengi''' utawa '''Lavangi''' minangka sajian nasional [[Azerbaijan]] <ref>https://www.tasteatlas.com/levengi</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://baku-magazine.com/food-travel/how-to-make-fish-lavangi/|title=How to make fish lavangi|website=[[Baku Magazine]]|language=en|access-date=2019-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210153913/https://baku-magazine.com/food-travel/how-to-make-fish-lavangi/|archive-date=2019-12-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignfork.com/lavangi/|title=Lavangi:walnut and plum stuffed chicken breast|website=Visions of Azerbaijan|language=en|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> lan fitur ing masakan Azerbaijan lan Iran . Yaiku iwak utawa pitik sing diiseni kenari, bawang lan macem-macem bumbu lan dipanggang ing oven. Lavangi paling misuwur ing Semenanjung Absheron ing Azerbaijan lan ing distrik Lankaran, Masally, Salyan lan Neftchala . <ref>[http://matbuat.az/news/68806/metbex-sirleri-baliq-ve-toyuq-levengisi-kuku.html Secrets of Cuisine: Stuffed fish and chicken] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013014446/http://matbuat.az/news/68806/metbex-sirleri-baliq-ve-toyuq-levengisi-kuku.html |date=2018-10-13 }} matbuat.az</ref> Lavangi disiapake saka iwak, pitik, bebek lan aubergine. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=http://amkm.kulina.az/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Azerbaijani_Cuisine.pdf|title=Azerbaijani Cuisine (A Collection of Recipes of Azerbaijani Meals, Snacks and Drinks)|last=Ministry of Culture and Tourism Republic of Azerbaijan|publisher=«INDIGO» print house|year=2013|isbn=978-9952-486-00-1|editor-last=Kerimli T|location=Baku|pages=47-48|access-date=2019-01-10|editor-last2=Kerimov E|editor-last3=Ramazanova A|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009193932/http://amkm.kulina.az/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Azerbaijani_Cuisine.pdf|archive-date=2017-10-09}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.visions.az/en/news/240/ac633d8b/|title=Levengi - Such Stuffing as Dreams are Made On|website=Visions of Azerbaijan Magazine|language=en|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Stuffed Chicken - Lavangi|url=https://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/83_folder/83_articles/83_265.html|journal=Azerbaijan International|volume=Autumn 2000 (8.3)}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/A_tasty_journey_through_Azerbaijan_Shamakhi_Gusar_and_Masalli_cuisine-1148120|title=A tasty journey through Azerbaijan: Shamakhi, Gusar and Masalli cuisine|website=azertag.az|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110010101/https://azertag.az/en/xeber/A_tasty_journey_through_Azerbaijan_Shamakhi_Gusar_and_Masalli_cuisine%2D1148120|archive-date=2019-01-10|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref>Bahan-bahan kanggo diisi kalebu kenari sing dikupas, bawang sing wis disigar lan sing wis digoreng, prune asem utawa ceri asem utawa sirup jus [[Delima|delima sing]] diarani ''[[narsharab]]'' ("nar" minangka jeneng lokal delima ing Azerbaijan), plum ceri garing, kismis lan minyak sayur . Dheweke dicampur karo tuwung banyu, lan uyah lan mrico uga ditambahake kanggo rasa, <ref name=":02">{{Cite book|url=http://amkm.kulina.az/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Azerbaijani_Cuisine.pdf|title=Azerbaijani Cuisine (A Collection of Recipes of Azerbaijani Meals, Snacks and Drinks)|last=Ministry of Culture and Tourism Republic of Azerbaijan|publisher=«INDIGO» print house|year=2013|isbn=978-9952-486-00-1|editor-last=Kerimli T|location=Baku|pages=47-48|access-date=2019-01-10|editor-last2=Kerimov E|editor-last3=Ramazanova A|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009193932/http://amkm.kulina.az/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Azerbaijani_Cuisine.pdf|archive-date=2017-10-09}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=Holidays of the World Cookbook for Students, 2nd Edition: Updated and Revised|last=Lois Sinaiko Webb, Lindsay Grace Cardella|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2011|isbn=9780313383946|pages=266-267}}</ref> yen iwak duwe [[kaviar]], iki uga digunakake kanggo ngisi. [[Barkas:Ləvəngi.JPG|kiri|jmpl| Iwak diiseni]] [[Barkas:Cuce-levengisi.jpg|jmpl| Ayam isi utawa]] == Referensi == [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Azerbaijan]] cpvyeol4gjau1si6z2c60nvxm06p3en James Bolton 0 174996 1760060 1643622 2026-11-05T23:41:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = James Bolton | image = | caption = | fullname = James William Bolton<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efl.com/siteassets/image/201920/efl-professional-retain-list--free-transfers---2018-19.pdf |title=Club list of registered players: As at 19th May 2019 |publisher=English Football League |format=PDF |accessdate=13 July 2019}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|8|13|df=y}}<ref name="Soccerbase profile">{{cite web| title = James Bolton player Football Stats| url = http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=63184l| publisher = Soccerbase| accessdate = 13 August 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221027125445/https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=63184l| archive-date = 27 October 2022| url-status = dead}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Stone, Staffordshire|Stone]], [[Inggris]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.staffordshirenewsletter.co.uk/stone-footballer-james-bolton-called-england/story-28884415-detail/story.html|title=Stone footballer James Bolton called up for England C|publisher=Staffordshire Newsletter|date=9 March 2016|accessdate=13 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027125106/http://www.staffordshirenewsletter.co.uk/stone-footballer-james-bolton-called-england/story-28884415-detail/story.html|archive-date=27 October 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> | height = {{height|ft=5|in=11}}<ref name="Soccerbase profile" /> | position = [[Bek]] | currentclub = [[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]] | clubnumber = 13 | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]] | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = [[Macclesfield Town F.C.|Macclesfield Town]] | years1 = 2013–2014| clubs1 = [[Macclesfield Town F.C.|Macclesfield Town]]| caps1 = 10 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2012| clubs2 = → [[Workington F.C.|Workington]] (nyileh)| caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 1 | years3 = 2012–2013| clubs3 = → [[Stafford Rangers]] (nyileh)| caps3 = ?| goals3 = 1 | years4 = 2013| clubs4 = → [[F.C. Halifax Town|Halifax Town]] (nyileh)| caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 3 | years5 = 2014| clubs5 = → [[F.C. Halifax Town|Halifax Town]] (nyileh)| caps5 = 12 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 2014–2016| clubs6 = [[F.C. Halifax Town|Halifax Town]]| caps6 = 79 | goals6 = 7 | years7 = 2016–2017| clubs7 = [[Gateshead F.C.|Gateshead]] | caps7 = 39 | goals7 = 1 | years8 = 2017–2019| clubs8 = [[Shrewsbury Town F.C.|Shrewsbury Town]]| caps8 = 61 | goals8 = 2 | years9 = 2019– | clubs9 = [[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]] | caps9 = 23 | goals9 = 1 | nationalyears1 = 2016 | nationalteam1= {{Timnas|Inggris C}} | nationalcaps1= | nationalgoals1= | club-update = 22:07, 10 March 2020 }} '''James William Bolton''' (lair 13 Agustus 1994) yaiku pemain [[bal-balan]] profesional [[Inggris]] sing main dadi [[Bek]] kanggo [[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]]. == Referensi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan Inggris]] {{Pemain-sb-stub|Inggris}} {{Plymouth Argyle F.C. squad}} k1gl3us1ticl53hxok24fnatzc9kqes Donat sandwich 0 175118 1759915 1755021 2026-11-05T15:33:51Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759915 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Doughwich.jpg|jmpl|Sandwich khas donat karo keju]] '''Sandwich donat''' minangka kombinasi [[Dhonat|donat]] lan [[Sandwich|roti lapis]], biasane dibangun nggunakake donat tepung sing digoreng, banjur dipérang ing tengah kaya bagel. Maneka jinis panganan, kayata keju, daging babi, butter kacang lan liya-liyane, biasane ditambahake ing antarane irisan sing nggawe sandwich.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/youngandhungry/2013/08/15/franken-desserts/|title=Franken-Desserts|last=Kaplan, Sarah|date=August 15, 2013|work=[[Washington City Paper]]|access-date=22 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://expressmilwaukee.com/article-21940-drilling%E2%80%99s-panther-pub-serves-food-and-hospitality.html|title=Drilling’s Panther Pub serves food and hospitality|last=Grimes, Susan Harpt|date=October 9, 2013|publisher=Express Milwaukee|access-date=22 November 2013|archive-date=18 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018043552/http://expressmilwaukee.com/article-21940-drilling%25E2%2580%2599s-panther-pub-serves-food-and-hospitality.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ana macem-macem jinis roti isi donat, ana sing digawe nganggo donat kue <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foodandwine.com/recipes/cake-doughnut-breakfast-sandwich|title=Cake Doughnut Breakfast Sandwich|website=Food and Wine|access-date=2021-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611003624/https://www.foodandwine.com/recipes/cake-doughnut-breakfast-sandwich|archive-date=2024-06-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="sandwiches">{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Sandwiches|year=2010|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofsa0000russ|last=Russo|first=Susan}}</ref> [[Roti lapis sarapan|Sandwich sarapan]] donat biasane digawe karo [[Daging bakon|daging babi]], endhog, sosis lan sawetara jinis keju kayata [[Kèju cheddar|cheddar]] utawa [[keju Amerika]] .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thrillist.com/recipe/nation/treat-yourself-to-this-epic-glazed-donut-breakfast-sandwich|title=This Glazed Donut Breakfast Sandwich Proves You Really Can Have It All|website=Thrillist.com}}</ref> Sawetara variasi bisa uga kalebu [[sosis]] .<ref>{{Cite book|title=Donut Nation: A Cross-Country Guide to America's Best Artisan Donut Shops|year=2015|url=https://archive.org/details/donutnationcross0000brow|last=Brown|first=Ellen|publisher=Running Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/donutnationcross0000brow/page/47 47]}}</ref> [[Luther Burger]] minangka [[Burger kèju|cheeseburger]] daging babi sing disajikake ing roti donat. Sandwich pitik donat digawe karo pitik goreng. Variasi ham bisa digawe nganggo ham, [[Keju Switserlan (Amerika Utara)|keju Switserlan]] lan bumbu kaya woh wadi utawa sawi pedhes. Versi panganan cuci mulut digawe nganggo es krim .<ref name="sandwiches"/> == Referensi == a9vff1tbhy7puzqgl0p9p1b8tsmqjo6 Kukis téla wungu 0 175891 1760201 1727895 2026-11-06T07:17:40Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Ube crinkles|image=09376jfBuffets Philippines Cakes Pastries Pulilan, Bulacanfvf 05.jpg|caption=|alternate_name=Purple yam crinkles|country=[[Philippines]]|region=|course=|type=[[Cookie]]|served=|main_ingredient=[[purple yam]]|variations=|calories=|other=}}'''Crinkle Ube''', uga dikenal minangka '''crinkle ubi ungu''', yaiku salah sawijining jinis olahan arupa [[Kukis|cookie]] Filipina sing digawe saka [[Uwi|ubi]], [[Glepung|tepung]], endhog, [[Bubuk panggang|bubuk manggang]], [[Mertéga|mentega]], lan [[gula]] . Werna wungu khas sing khas lan biasane digulung nganggo [[Gula alus|gula bubuk]] utawa kaca. Dheweke duwe eksterior sing renyah lan pusat sing empuk. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetummytrain.com/2019/02/26/these-ube-crinkles-will-make-your-eyes-crinkle-in-delight/|title=13 magical recipes you can make with purple yams|website=The Tummy Train|access-date=22 March 2019|archive-date=13 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913185215/http://www.thetummytrain.com/2019/02/26/these-ube-crinkles-will-make-your-eyes-crinkle-in-delight/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.revelist.com/food-drink/ube-recipes/2464|title=These ube crinkle cookies are done in six easy steps.|website=Revelist|access-date=22 March 2019|archive-date=22 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322030513/http://www.revelist.com/food-drink/ube-recipes/2464|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesweetandsourbaker.com/home/2018/4/10/ube-crinkle-cookies|title=Ube Crinkle Cookies|website=The Sweet & Sour Baker|access-date=22 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322030509/https://thesweetandsourbaker.com/home/2018/4/10/ube-crinkle-cookies|archive-date=22 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://asianrecipes4u.blogspot.com/2015/09/filipino-recipes-ube-crinkles.html|title=[Filipino Recipes] Ube Crinkles|website=Asian Recipes|access-date=22 March 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sweetsocial.ca/ube-crinkle-cookies/|title=Ube Crinkle Cookies|website=Sweet Social|access-date=22 March 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinoyrecipe.net/ube-crinkles-recipe/|title=Ube Crinkles Recipe|website=Pinoy Recipe at iba pa|access-date=22 March 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kawalingpinoy.com/ube-crinkles/|title=Ube Crinkles (Purple Yam Crinkles)|website=Kawaling Pinoy|access-date=22 March 2019}}</ref> == Referensi == qjsglvvf9ojzjlyaf4kooxsku126i35 Jeblugan lintang 0 176455 1760068 1730568 2026-11-06T00:12:10Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760068 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Opalfruits.jpg|ka|jmpl| Merek edisi winates 'Buah Opal' ing Inggris]] '''Starburst''' (asline dikenal minangka '''Woh-wohan Opal''' ) yaiku [[jeneng merek]] [[Permèn|permen taffy]] alus sing wujude kaya buah diproduksi dening [[Perusahaan Wrigley|The Wrigley Company]], sing saiki dadi anak perusahaan [[Mars, Digabungake|Mars, Incorporated]], sawise Mars ngirimake produksi merek kasebut. Starburst duwe macem-macem macem-macem, kayata Tropis, Asam, FaveREDs, Semangka, Berry Banget, Superfruit, Blast Musim Panas, lan Asli. Rasa asli kalebu: stroberi, lemon, oranye, lan ceri (diganti saka jeruk awal). Nanging, rasa asli Inggris yaiku currant ireng, jeruk nipis lan jeruk nipis, oranye, lan stroberi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.starburst.com/#/products/fruit-chews/original|title=Starburst: Original|access-date=2021-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123152953/https://www.starburst.com/#/products/fruit-chews/original|archive-date=2021-11-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wrigley.com/ea/brands/starburst.aspx|title=Starburst: Facts and History}}</ref> Rasa tropis kalebu: pisang stroberi, nanas, pelem pelem, ceri lan kiwi. Jeruk Nipis Starburst nggawe comeback ing taun 2007 minangka edisi winates "rasa" ing paket versi "Baja", dene kisaran ing Inggris luwih ditambahi karo versi sing diarani Starburst Choozers. Kunyah sing bentuk lozenge iki duwe pusat jus buah cair, lan dikemas nganggo garis tag "Kunyah sing ngrembuyung." Saben paket ngemot telung rasa; Jeruk & Mangga, Raspberry & Jeruk, lan Nanas & Jeruk. == Referensi == fbus09krqnh1wpkcxql98asbki4niz6 Ginataang mais 0 176488 1759978 1668049 2026-11-05T19:40:04Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Ginataang mais|image=[[File:Ginataang mais (Sweet corn rice porridge, Philippines).jpg|220px]]<br>[[File:Ginataang_mais_(Cebu).jpg|220px]]|image_size=|caption=|alternate_name=mais sa gata, lugaw na mais, lelut mais|type=|country=Philippines|region=|course=[[Dessert]]|served=Warm or cold|main_ingredient=[[sweet corn]] kernels, [[glutinous rice]], [[coconut milk]], [[sugar]]|variations=|similar_dish=|calories=|other=}}'''''Ginataang mais''''' punika Filipino [[Jagung manis|manis jagung]] lan [[Pantun|beras]] [[Jenang sungsum|gruel]] . Uga dikenal kanthi sebutan '''''lugaw na mais''''' ( [[Basa Kapampangan|Kapampangan]] : '''''lelut mais''''' ). ''[[Lugaw|Yaiku]]'' jinis panganan cuci mulut lugaw lan ''[[ginataan]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yummy.ph/recipe/lelut-mais-lugaw-na-mais|title=Lelut Mais (Lugaw na Mais)|last=Jorolan|first=Poch|website=Yummy.ph|access-date=6 December 2018}}</ref> Bisa dipangan anget nalika wulan adhem, nanging bisa uga dipangan adhem nalika musim panas. ''Ginataang mais'' tegese "jagung ing santen" ing basa Filipina . ''Ginataang mais'' digawe karo [[Beras ketan|beras ketan sing]] ''umob'' (malagkit) nganti meh rampung. [[Jagung manis|Jagung legi]], [[santen]] ( ''gata'' ), lan [[gula]] banjur ditambahake lan panase diturunake sadurunge nasi wis mateng. Ing sawetara resep, santan ditambahake sawise masak. <ref name="sea2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.seasite.niu.edu/tagalog/tagalog_default_files/philippine_culture/pagkaing%20pilipino/panghimagas/Ginataangmais.htm|title=Ginataang Mais (Corn in Coconut Milk)|website=SEASite|publisher=Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University|access-date=6 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719122432/http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Tagalog_Default_files/Philippine_Culture/Pagkaing%20Pilipino/Panghimagas/Ginataangmais.htm|archive-date=19 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="tk2">{{Cite web|url=https://tastykitchen.com/recipes/desserts/ginataang-mais-corn-and-sticky-rice-pudding-with-coconut-milk/|title=Ginataang Mais (Corn and Sticky Rice Pudding with Coconut Milk)|last=Abigail|first=Caldoy|website=Tasty Kitchen|access-date=6 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206145345/https://tastykitchen.com/recipes/desserts/ginataang-mais-corn-and-sticky-rice-pudding-with-coconut-milk/|archive-date=6 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kawalingpinoyrecipe.com/native_delicacies/ginataan_mais.php|title=Ginataang Mais|website=Kawaling Pinoy|access-date=6 December 2018}}</ref> [[Susu èvaporasi|Susu sing diuap]] uga bisa digunakake kanggo ngganteni santen. Bahan-bahan liyane uga bisa ditambahake, kayata ''[[latik]]'' (karamel klapa), ''[[pinipig]]'' (biji beras enom sing ditumbuk), [[nangka]], klapa parut segar, [[Mertéga|butter]], lan [[Vanila|vanilla]] . <ref name="jasa">{{Cite web|url=http://www.positivelyfilipino.com/magazine/the-happy-home-cook-ginataang-mais|title=The Happy Home Cook: Ginataang Mais|last=Santos-Agoncillio|first=Judy Ann|website=Judy Ann's Kitchen|publisher=Positively Filipino|access-date=6 December 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ivoryhut.com/2010/07/corn-with-coconut-milk-ginataang-mais/|title=Corn with coconut milk (Ginataang mais)|website=The Ivory Hut|access-date=6 December 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.panlasangpinoyrecipes.com/ginataang-mais-sweet-corn-with-coconut-milk-recipe/|title=Ginataang Mais (Sweet Corn with Coconut Milk) Recipe|website=Panlasang Pinoy|access-date=6 December 2018|archive-date=7 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207000504/http://www.panlasangpinoyrecipes.com/ginataang-mais-sweet-corn-with-coconut-milk-recipe/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Referensi == 9sqqqbupqly6ofrtlu93c4wgjzmlts0 Kuwé kèju téla wungu 0 176505 1760215 1732330 2026-11-06T07:44:36Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Ube cheesecake|image=Ube Cheesecake.jpg|image_size=220px|caption=|alternate_name=|country=[[Philippines]]|region=|creator=|course=[[Dessert]]|served=Cold|main_ingredient=[[Ube halaya]], [[cream cheese]]|variations=|calories=|other=}}'''Uwi cheesecake,''' uga dikenal minangka '''yam cheesecake,''' punika salah sawijining jinis olahan saka Filipino [[Kuwé kèju|cheesecake]] digawe karo basa saka ulig [[Graham krèker|krupuk Graham]] lan lapisan ndhuwur [[Kèju krim|keju krim]] lan ''[[Haleang ube|Uwi halaya]]'' (mashed [[Uwi|yam kain]] karo susu, gula, lan butter). Bisa disiyapake panggang utawa mung kulkas. Kaya panganan cuci mulut liyane ing Filipina, wernane wungu khas. Ube cheesecake biasane disiyapake nganggo basa sing digawe saka [[Graham krèker|krupuk graham sing]] remuk ( [[Kukis|cookie]], [[Biskuit pancernaan|biskuit pencernaan]], lan ''[[Mamón|broas]]'' uga bisa digunakake), gula, lan butter. Bahan-bahan kasebut dicampur, dicetak ing bentuk sing dipengini, banjur adhem nganti adhem. <ref name="cnc2">{{Cite web|url=https://cuddlesandcrumbs.com/2013/11/04/ube-cheesecake/|title=Ube Cheesecake|website=Cuddles & Crumbs|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name="lmec2">{{Cite web|url=https://theletmeeatcake.com/2011/04/28/ube-cheesecake/|title=Ube Cheesecake|website=Let Me Eat Cake|access-date=7 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823000749/https://theletmeeatcake.com/2011/04/28/ube-cheesecake/|archive-date=23 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="tpk2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeachkitchen.com/2015/02/ube-cheesecake/|title=Ube Cheesecake|website=The Peach Kitchen|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> ''[[Haleang ube|Ube halaya]]'' disiapake kanthi kapisah, kanthi cara nggawe tradhisional utawa nggunakake ''ube halaya sing'' dituku ing wadhah. Iki dicampur karo keju krim, [[Vanilla èkstrak|ekstrak vanilla]], lan (opsional) [[Susu kondensasi|susu kental]], banjur diwutahake ing sisih ndhuwur pangkal. Lapisan iki biasane luwih kenthel tinimbang pangkalane. Kanggo versi panggang, biasane endhog ditambahake. Versi panggang lan sing ora dipanggang adhem sadurunge dilayani. <ref name="ws">{{Cite web|url=https://www.womanscribbles.net/ube-cheesecake/|title=Creamy and Luscious Ube Cheesecake|website=Woman Scribbles|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name="tub">{{Cite web|url=https://theunlikelybaker.com/ube-cheesecake-video/|title=Ube Cheesecake with Coconut Cookie Crust and Coconut Whipped Cream (Video)|website=The Unlikely Baker|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name="ack">{{Cite web|url=http://www.annieschamorrokitchen.com/ube-cheesecake/|title=Ube Cheesecake|website=Annie's Chamorro Kitchen|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name="lmec">{{cite web |title=Ube Cheesecake |url=https://theletmeeatcake.com/2011/04/28/ube-cheesecake/ |website=Let Me Eat Cake |access-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823000749/https://theletmeeatcake.com/2011/04/28/ube-cheesecake/ |archive-date=23 August 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Deleng uga == * [[Pelem kemambang|Mangga ngambang]] * * * [[Kuwé tela wungu|Jajan Ube]] * [[Brazo de Mercedes]] * [[Crema de fruta]] * [[Ès krim tela wungu|Ube es krim]] == Referensi == pzjoroomszxbmhtyz8nbri2rexhamuc Cherpumple 0 176669 1759890 1552856 2026-11-05T12:55:30Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Cherpumple|image=Cherpumple1.jpg}}'''Cherpumple''' minangka panganan <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2010/11/09/what-is-the-cherpumple/|title=What is the cherpumple|access-date=November 28, 2011}}</ref> diilhami dening Turducken, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://howto.wired.com/wiki/Make_a_Cherpumple|title=How to make a Cherpumple|work=Wired|access-date=November 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129045304/http://howto.wired.com/wiki/Make_a_Cherpumple|archive-date=November 29, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> pie rasa sing beda-beda dipanggang ing pirang-pirang rasa kue, banjur ditumpuk. Miturut nitahake Cherpumple kang, pop humorist budaya Charles Phoenix, "Cherpumple cendhak kanggo '''cher''' ry, '''pum''' pkin lan ap '''Wicara | sumbangan''' pie. Pie apel dipanggang ing kue rempah-rempah, waluh ing warna kuning lan ceri nganggo warna putih. " <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/lifestyle/2011/11/cherpumple-the-turducken-of-the-holiday-dessert-table/|title=Cherpumple, the Turducken of the Holiday Dessert Table|access-date=November 28, 2011}}</ref> Phoenix ngerti manawa kulawargane asring njupuk irisan saben panganan cuci mulut sing digawe kanggo preinan, mula dheweke mutusake nggawe panganan cuci mulut siji sing nggabungake kabeh rasa. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304316404575580630406169718|title=For Those Who Can't Decide on Dessert, Here's the Dish|last=Fowler|first=Geoffrey A.|date=November 6, 2010|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=November 28, 2011}}</ref> Dheweke wiwit promosi macem-macem jinis Cherpumple ing situs web, kalebu [[Kapapat Juli|"Cherbluble" sing kaping papat Juli]], ing endi kue ceri, blueberry lan apel dipanggang dadi kue putih abang, putih lan biru. == Referensi == adyje9hxzvne8zmfomzdccpxqqu2zy7 Griffin 0 176798 1759986 1731642 2026-11-05T19:59:01Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759986 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Griffin''' ya iku dumadi kèwan mitologi kang rupané iku hibrida saka kèwan [[singa]] lan [[wulung]] ing tlatah É[[Éropa|ropa]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ancientpages.com/2021/03/09/griffins-were-mythical-gold-guarding-hybrid-creatures-known-for-at-least-5000-years/|title=Griffins Were Mythical Gold-Guarding Hybrid Creatures Known For At Least 5,000 Years|last=Sutherland|first=A.|website=Ancient Pages|access-date=2021-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311145215/https://www.ancientpages.com/2021/03/09/griffins-were-mythical-gold-guarding-hybrid-creatures-known-for-at-least-5000-years/|archive-date=2021-03-11|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Grifin awujud awak lan sirahé singa nanging dhuwé cakar kaya wulung ing sikilé. Uga ana suwiwi ing awaké. Kèwan mitologi iki wis ana awit 5.000 tahun kepungkur<ref name=":0" />. [[Barkas:EB1911 Heraldry - Griffin.jpg|jmpl|Conto rupa griffin ing tandha cihna]] Griffin dhuwé sifat kang kuat, waspadha, lan gumedhé. Ing Éropa, griffin iki dadi kèwan mitos sing paling tuwa. Nganti jaman modèrn kaya saiki, simbol griffin dadi tandha cihna kang dianggo karo bebadan wong sipil kaya dèné [[bank]], pabrik mobil, pawiyatan luhur (univèrsitas), lan yeyasan liyané. Rupa kang mèmper griffin uga ditemokaké ing [[Asia Kidul-kulon|Asia Kulon]], [[Asia Tengah]], lan [[Asia Wétan]]<ref name=":0" />. == Rujukan == sfqruim4o4f0stovh3j01wo2u8c39cj Kreteg Gerbang Tokyo 0 177707 1760195 1645241 2026-11-06T06:53:10Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bridge |bridge_name = Kreteg Gerbang Tokyo |native_name = 東京ゲートブリッジ |native_name_lang = Japanese |image = Tokyo Gate Bridge 2.jpg |caption = Kreteg Gerbang Tokyo, Januari 2015 |official_name = |carries = Lalu lintas dalan gedhe (4 jalur), pejalan kaki |crosses = [[Teluk Tokyo]] |locale = [[Koto, Tokyo|Kōtō City]] (Tokyo, Japan), antarane pulau gawean Chubo lan [[Wakasu]]) |maint = |id = |design = [[cantilever bridge]] |spans = 3 |mainspan = {{convert|440|m}} |length = {{convert|2618|m}} kalebu pendekatan |width = {{convert|21|m}} |height = {{convert|87.8|m}} |load = |clearance_below = {{convert|54.6|m}} |below = |traffic = |begin = 2002 |complete = 2011 |open = 2012 |closed = |toll = None | map_type = |coordinates = {{coord|35|36|41|N|139|49|38|E|display=inline,title}} }} {{nihongo|'''Kreteg Gerbang Tokyo'''|東京ゲートブリッジ|Tōkyō gēto burijji}} yaiku [[:id:jembatan rangka batang|truss]] [[cantilever bridge]] sing nyabrang [[Teluk Tokyo]] ing [[Koto, Tokyo]], Jepang. Dibukak tanggal 12 Februari 2012<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2012/02/24/life/stay-in-tsukiji-see-tokyo-gate-bridge/ |title=Stay in Tsukiji, see Tokyo Gate Bridge |date=24 February 2012 |newspaper=The Japan Times |accessdate=3 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/tokyo-gate-bridge-opens-to-traffic|title=Tokyo Gate Bridge opens to traffic|date=13 February 2012 |newspaper=Japan Today|accessdate=3 August 2016}}</ref> kanthi perkiraan total biaya konstruksi ¥113,000,000,000 kanggo bagean Stage II dalan gedhe kalebu jembatan.<ref name="mlit">Official "flyer" shows Stage II including Tokyo Gate Bridge, with a budget as of November 2009 {{cite web|url= http://www.pa.ktr.mlit.go.jp/tokyo/work/pdf/nikigaiyou20111111.pdf|title= 東京港臨海道路II期事業の概要|trans-title= Tokyo Bay Waterfront Highway Stage II work overview|date= 2011|publisher= Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130105220935/http://www.pa.ktr.mlit.go.jp/tokyo/work/pdf/nikigaiyou20111111.pdf|archivedate= 5 January 2013|url-status= dead|accessdate= 30 June 2012}}</ref> == Sejarah == Bagéyan saka dalan gedhe papat jalur sing ana ing Tokyo, konstruksi diwiwiti ing taun 2002 lan dijadwalake rampung ing taun 2011, nanging bukaan lalu lintas ditundha nganti taun 2012. Kanthi jeneng sementara saka {{nihongo|Kreteg Pinggir Sagara Teluk Tokyo|東京港臨海大橋|Tōkyōwan rinkai ōhashi}}<ref>{{cite conference |url=http://www.pa.ktr.mlit.go.jp/yokohamagicho/07_sougou/12_tosyo/ronbun/taigai/pdf/h22/22-30.pdf |title=Plan and Design of 'The Rinkai Ohashi Bridge' in Tokyo Port |author1=Yoneyama, Haruo |author2=Obara, Kouehei |author3=Shigihara, Toru |accessdate=3 August 2016 |conference=The 5th Civil Engineering Conference in the Asian Region and Australasian Structural Engineering Conference |date=2010 |pages=203–208 |isbn=9780646537276 |archive-date=7 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807120259/http://www.pa.ktr.mlit.go.jp/yokohamagicho/07_sougou/12_tosyo/ronbun/taigai/pdf/h22/22-30.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> masarakat dijaluk saran. Saka 12.223 sing ditampa, "Kreteg Gerbang Tokyo" dipilih lan diumumake kanthi resmi tanggal 15 November 2010.<ref name="tokyo20101115">{{cite web|url= http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/INET/OSHIRASE/2010/11/20kbf200.htm|script-title= ja:東京港臨海大橋（仮称）の名称決定について|trans-title= Official name for Tokyo Bay waterfront bridge|date= 15 November 2010|work= News Release|publisher= Tokyo Metropolitan Government|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101127142735/http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/INET/OSHIRASE/2010/11/20kbf200.htm|archivedate= 27 November 2010|url-status= dead|accessdate= 30 June 2012}}</ref> == Desain == [[File:Tokyo Gate Bridge -04.jpg|250px|Kreteg kasebut katon saka dalan gedhe]] [[File:Tokyo Gate Bridge-1.jpg|250px|Jembar utama kreteg]] Desain kasebut memenuhi syarat supaya cukup dhuwur supaya kapal gedhe bisa liwat ing ngisor, nanging cukup ora ngganggu lalu lintas udara menyang Bandara Haneda sing cedhak. Iki minangka kreteg cantilever dobel, sing tegese bagean truss saka loro-lorone bisa rampung ing saldo, lan banjur ditambah karo tambahan rentang tengah sing relatif cekak.<ref name="mlit2">Official "flyer" updated with the top photo showing the central span being added. At the bottom is an illustration of the constraints from air and sea. {{cite web|url= http://www.pa.ktr.mlit.go.jp/tokyo/blog/pdf/sin_leaf20110311.pdf|title= 【最新版】TGBチラシ_H23.3.3_|trans-title= Tokyo Gate Bridge latest update 3 March 2011|date= 2011|publisher= Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20111008153047/http://www.pa.ktr.mlit.go.jp/tokyo/blog/pdf/sin_leaf20110311.pdf|archivedate= 8 October 2011|url-status= dead|accessdate= 6 June 2011}}</ref> Persamaan jembatan karo rong monster sing adhep-adhepan wis menehi julukan {{nihongo|'Kreteg Dinosaurus'|恐竜橋|Kyōryū-bashi}}<ref>{{cite news |author1=Cooper, Chris |author2=Matsuda, Kiyotaka |agency=Bloomberg |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2012/02/12/business/dinosaur-bridge-leads-tokyo-push-to-ease-traffic-and-boost-economy/ |title='Dinosaur Bridge' leads Tokyo push to ease traffic and boost economy |newspaper=[[The Japan Times]]|date=12 February 2012 |page=2 |accessdate=3 August 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430010908/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2012/02/12/business/dinosaur-bridge-leads-tokyo-push-to-ease-traffic-and-boost-economy/ |archivedate=30 April 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Referensi == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Tokyo]] dn5xa3dv242wcog9knxrtd15k4s32bp Gréja Kristen Jawa Salib Putih 0 177735 1760001 1752376 2026-11-05T20:16:34Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cagar budaya | Name = Gréja Kristen Jawa Salib Putih<br>{{nobold|{{small|ꦒꦿꦺꦗꦱꦭꦶꦧ꧀ꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃꦱꦭꦠꦶꦒ}}}} | Image = [[Gambar:Gereja Kristen Jawa Salib Putih (1).jpg|250px]] | caption = | Type = | Criteria = Wewangunan | ID = Belum ada | Location = Dalan Hasanudin km. 4 (Kutha Salatiga–Kopeng), Kalurahan Kumpulreja, Kacamatan Argamulya, Kutha Salatiga, Propinsi Jawa Tengah | Year = | ownership = Yeyasan Sosial Kristen Salib Putih | management = Yeyasan Sosial Kristen Salib Putih | Link = https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbjateng/gereja-salib-putih-bukti-sejarah-penyebaran-agama-kristen-di-kawasan-semarang-dan-salatiga/ | embedded = |border=infobox || label = | link = | coordinates = }} [[Gambar:Gereja Kristen Jawa Salib Putih.jpg|jmpl|260x260px|Gréja Kristen Jawa Salib Putih.]] '''Gréja Kristen Jawa Salib Putih''' ({{lang-jv|ꦒꦿꦺꦗꦱꦭꦶꦧ꧀ꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃꦱꦭꦠꦶꦒ|Gréja Salib Putih Salatiga}}; [[Basa Indonésia|basa Indhonésia]]: ''Gereja Salib Putih Salatiga'') ya iku sawijining wewangunan [[gréja Kristen]] kang terinventarisasi kanggo didadèkake salah siji cagar budaya, kang ana ing Dalan Hasanudin km. 4 (Kutha Salatiga–Kopeng), [[Kumpulreja, Argamulya, Salatiga|Kalurahan Kumpulreja, Kacamatan Argamulya, Kutha Salatiga]], [[Jawa Tengah|Propinsi Jawa Tengah]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.suaramerdeka.com/news/baca/211993/gereja-salib-putih-sejarah-perjalanan-agama-kristen-di-salatiga|title=Gereja Salib Putih, Sejarah Perjalanan Agama Kristen di Salatiga|last=Setiawan|first=Hendra|date=2019-12-29|website=Suara Merdeka|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alkitab.sabda.org/verse.php?book=yoh&chapter=3&verse=16|title=Yohanes 3:16 (Versi Paralel)|last=Yayasan Lembaga Sabda (YLSA)|first=|date=2020-05-21|website=Alkitab Sabda|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref>''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbjateng/gereja-salib-putih-bukti-sejarah-penyebaran-agama-kristen-di-kawasan-semarang-dan-salatiga/|title=Gereja Salib Putih, Bukti Sejarah Penyebaran Agama Kristen di Kawasan Semarang dan Salatiga|last=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Jawa Tengah|first=|date=2018-04-02|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Jawa Tengah, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia|access-date=2020-05-21|archive-date=2020-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716095444/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbjateng/gereja-salib-putih-bukti-sejarah-penyebaran-agama-kristen-di-kawasan-semarang-dan-salatiga/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nitroburner.nl/salatiga/tempo_doeloe-2/witte-kruis-kolonie/index.htm|title=Witte Kruis Kolonie (Salib Putih)|last=Salatiga.nl|first=|date=2020-05-21|website=Salatiga.nl|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nitroburner.nl/salatiga/tempo_doeloe-2/witte-kruis-kolonie/emmerik.htm|title=Uit de Indische Bladen. De Heer Van Emmerik en het Leger des Heils|last=Salatiga.nl|first=|date=2020-05-21|website=Salatiga.nl|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sinodegkj.or.id/2020/01/29/doa-untuk-salib-putih/|title=Doa untuk Salib Putih|last=Sinode Gereja Kristen Jawa|first=|date=2020-01-29|website=Sinode Gereja Kristen Jawa|access-date=2020-05-21|archive-date=2020-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725132727/https://www.sinodegkj.or.id/2020/01/29/doa-untuk-salib-putih/|url-status=dead}}</ref>'' == Uga delengen == * [[Gréja Kristen Jawa Tengah Lor Salatiga]] * [[Gréja Pentakosta Isa Almasih Indonésia Efata Salatiga]] * [[Gréja Protèstan Indonésia Bagean Kulon Tamansari Salatiga]] * [[Gréja Yesus Sajati Salatiga]] == Rujukan == <references /> == Kapustakan == {{refbegin|2}} '''Buku''' * {{Cite book|title=Zamrud di Khatulistiwa: Sejarah Gereja Bala Keselamatan di Indonesia Jilid I|last=Brouwer|first=Melattie Margaretha|publisher=Bala Keselamatan Indonesia|year=1950|isbn=|location=Semarang|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Brouwer|1950}}|page=|url=|date=|url-status=live}} * {{Cite book|url=|title=Entangled Pieties: Muslim–Christian Relations and Gendered Sociality in Java, Indonesia (Contemporary Anthropology of Religion)|last=Chao|first=En-Chieh|date=|publisher=Springer International Publishing|year=2017|isbn=|location=New York|page=|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Chao|2017}}|url-status=live}} * {{Cite book|url=|title=Ilmu Konstruksi Struktur Bangunan (Cara Membangun Kerangka Gedung Ilmu Konstruksi Bangunan 1)|last=Frick|first=Heinz|date=|publisher=Kanisius|year=2001|isbn=|location=Yogyakarta|page=|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Frick|Setiawan|2001}}|url-status=live|last2=Setiawan|first2=Puja L.}} * {{Cite book|last=Hatmadji, Tri, dkk|publisher=Balai Pelestarian Peninggalan Purbakala Jawa Tengah|location=Klaten|first=|date=|year=2009|orig-year=|title=Kajian dan Hasil Identifikasi Bangunan Bersejarah di Kota Salatiga|url=https://www.academia.edu/31840491/Cagar_budaya_salatiga|ref={{sfnref|Hatmadji, dkk|2009}}}} * {{Cite book|title=Zamrud di Khatulistiwa: Sejarah Gereja Bala Keselamatan di Indonesia Jilid II|last=Ismael|first=Dina|publisher=Bala Keselamatan Indonesia|year=1954|isbn=|location=Semarang|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Ismael|1954}}|page=|url=|date=|url-status=live}} * {{Cite book|url=|title=Ikrar dan Ikhtiar dalam Hidup Pendeta Basoeki Probowinoto|last=Kana|first=Nico L.|date=|publisher=BPK Gunung Mulia|year=1987|isbn=|location=Jakarta|page=|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Kana|Daldjoeni|1987}}|url-status=live|last2=Daldjoeni|first2=N.}} * {{Cite book|url=|title=Ventilasi Atap|last=Kindangen|first=Jefrey I.|date=|publisher=Deepublish|year=2019|isbn=|location=Yogyakarta|page=|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Kindangen|2019}}|url-status=live}} * {{Cite book|url=|title=Religious Diversity in Muslim–Majority States in Southeast Asia (Areas of Toleration and Conflict)|last=Platzdasch|first=Bernhard|date=|publisher=Markono Print Media|year=2014|isbn=|location=Singapura|page=|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Platzdasch|2014}}|url-status=live}} * {{Cite book|title=Gereja-Gereja Kristen Jawa, GKJ: Benih yang Tumbuh dan Berkembang di Tanah Jawa|last=Purnomo|first=Hadi|date=|publisher=Taman Pustaka Kristen (TPK), Gunung Mulia untuk Sinode Gereja-Gereja Kristen Jawa|year=1988|isbn=|location=Jakarta|page=|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Purnomo|Sastrosupono|1988}}|url=|url-status=live|last2=Sastrosupono|first2=M. Suprihadi}} * {{Cite book|title=Sejarah Bangunan Cagar Budaya Kota Salatiga|last=Rahardjo, Slamet, dkk|first=|publisher=Pemerintah Daerah Kota Salatiga|year=2013|isbn=|location=Salatiga|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Rahardjo, dkk|2013}}}} * {{Cite book|url=|title=State Management of Religion in Indonesia|last=Seo|first=Myengkyo|date=|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=|location=New York|page=|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Seo|2013}}|url-status=live}} * {{Cite book|title=Komunitas Kristen di Jawa Tengah (Sepenggal Sejarah Gereja Kristen Jawa)|last=Sumartana|first=|publisher=BPK Gunung Mulia|year=2012|isbn=|location=Salatiga|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Sumartana|2012}}|date=|url-status=live|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-uEaHB6Vum-aEVnRW16Snl3NXM/view}} '''Jurnal''' * {{Cite journal|last=Bangngu|first=Harvian Charisma|last2=Puspita|first2=Dhanang|last3=Gasong|first3=David Nakka|date=|year=2018|title=Evaluasi Keamanan Lingkungan bagi Lansia yang Tinggal di Panti Wreda Salib Putih Salatiga|url=http://prosiding.unimus.ac.id/index.php/mahasiswa/article/view/104|journal=Prosiding Seminar Nasional Mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang|volume=1|issue=1|pages=|doi=|issn=2654-7767|ref={{sfnref|Bangngu|Puspita|Gasong|2018}}}} * {{Cite journal|last=Damayanti|first=Theresia Woro|last2=Franksisca|first2=Rosaly|last3=Priyanto|first3=Sony Heru|date=|year=2019|title=Peningkatan Nilai Usaha Kopi pada Panti Karya Salib Putih Salatiga|url=http://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/ekawan/article/view/3822|journal=Ekonomikawan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan|volume=19|issue=2|pages=|doi=|issn=2598-0157|ref={{sfnref|Damayanti|Franksisca|Priyanto|2019}}}} * {{Cite journal|last=Dese|first=Dennys Christovel|last2=Wibowo|first2=Cahyo|date=|year=2019|title=Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Fungsi Kognitif Lansia di Panti Wreda Yayasan Sosial Salib Putih Salatiga|url=http://jurnal.ukh.ac.id/index.php/JK/article/view/389|journal=Jurnal Kesehatan Kusuma Husada|volume=10|issue=2|pages=|doi=|issn=2087-5002|ref={{sfnref|Dese|Wibowo|2019}}|access-date=2021-05-02|archive-date=2022-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027121840/http://jurnal.ukh.ac.id/index.php/JK/article/view/389|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite journal|last=Donalia|first=Betra|last2=Sanubari|first2=Theresia Pratiwi Elingsetyo|date=|year=2020|title=The Quality of Life in Panti Wreda Sosial Salib Putih (PWSSP): A Study of Social and Nutritional Aspects Among Elderly Women|url=https://www.balimedicaljournal.org/index.php/bmj/article/view/1642|journal=Bali Medical Journal|volume=9|issue=1|pages=|doi=|issn=2089-1180|ref={{sfnref|Donalia|Sanubari|2020}}|access-date=2021-05-02|archive-date=2023-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324100641/https://www.balimedicaljournal.org/index.php/bmj/article/view/1642|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite journal|last=Mulyati|first=|date=|year=2020|title=Dinamika Yayasan Sosial Kristen Salib Putih (YSKSP) di Kota Salatiga Tahun 1901–1977|url=https://jurnalpangadereng.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/pangadereng/article/view/151|journal=Jurnal Pangadereng|volume=6|issue=2|pages=|doi=|issn=2686-4355|ref={{sfnref|Mulyati|2020}}|access-date=2021-05-02|archive-date=2022-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121142437/https://jurnalpangadereng.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/pangadereng/article/view/151|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite journal|last=Raharjo|first=Santosa Budi|year=2019|title=Pengaruh “Nota Prabowinoto” terhadap Perubahan Strategi Pekabaran Injil di Gereja-Gereja Kristen Jawa|url=http://www.sttbaptisjkt.ac.id/e-journal/index.php/graciadeo/article/view/16|journal=Jurnal Teologi Gracia Deo|volume=1|issue=2|pages=|doi=|issn=2654-7759|ref={{sfnref|Raharjo|2019}}|date=|access-date=2021-05-02|archive-date=2022-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028004844/http://www.sttbaptisjkt.ac.id/e-journal/index.php/graciadeo/article/view/16|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite journal|last=Rohman|first=Fandy Aprianto|year=2020|title=Administrasi Pemerintahan ''Gemeente'' di Salatiga 1917–1942|url=https://jurnalwalasuji.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/walasuji/article/view/64|journal=Jurnal Walasuji|volume=11|issue=1|pages=|doi=|issn=2502-2229|ref={{sfnref|Rohman|2020}}|date=|access-date=2021-05-02|archive-date=2020-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618142759/https://jurnalwalasuji.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/walasuji/article/view/64|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite journal|last=Wikarsa|first=Casius Ajang|last2=Ambarsari|first2=Arum|last3=Kurniawati|first3=Fitri|date=|year=2017|title=Prospek Pengembangan Agrowisata Salatiga|url=http://36.82.106.238:8885/jurnal/index.php/JMI/article/view/536|journal=Jurnal Masepi|volume=2|issue=1|pages=|doi=|issn=2715-5897|ref={{sfnref|Wikarsa|Ambarsari|Kurniawati|2017}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407120401/http://36.82.106.238:8885/jurnal/index.php/JMI/article/view/536|archive-date=2022-04-07|access-date=2021-05-02|url-status=dead}} '''Wacan bacutan''' * {{Cite book|url=|title=Sedjarah Ringkas dan Perkembangannja|last=Bala Keselamatan Indonesia|first=|publisher=Bala Keselamatan Indonesia|date=|year=1971|isbn=|location=Semarang|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Bala Keselamatan Indonesia|1971}}|url-status=live|page=}} * {{Cite book|title=Salatiga dalam Lintasan Sejarah|last=Harnoko|first=Darto, dkk|publisher=Dinas Pariwisata, Seni, Budaya, dan Olah Raga Kota Salatiga|year=2008|isbn=|location=Salatiga|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Harnoko, dkk|2008}}|page=}} * {{Cite book|title=Ikrar dan Ikhtiar dalam Hidup Pendeta Basoeki Probowinoto|last=Probowinoto|first=Basuki|publisher=Gunung Mulia|year=1995|isbn=|location=Jakarta|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Probowinoto|1995}}|page=|url=|date=|url-status=live}} {{refend}} == Pranala jaba == {{commons category|Gereja Kristen Jawa Salib Putih}} * [https://www.sinodegkj.or.id/gkj-salib-putih/ Gréja Kristen Jawa Salib Putih ing Situs Sinode Gréja Kristen Jawa]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925222549/https://www.sinodegkj.or.id/gkj-salib-putih/ |date=2020-09-25 }} * [https://www.sinodegkj.or.id/sejarah-sinode-gkj/ Sajarah Gréja Kristen Jawa]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210051216/https://www.sinodegkj.or.id/sejarah-sinode-gkj |date=2022-12-10 }} [[Kategori:Kristen]] [[Kategori:Kutha Salatiga]] [[Kategori:Gréja]] [[Kategori:Gréja ing Kutha Salatiga]] [[Kategori:Wewangunan ing Kutha Salatiga]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Indhonésia]] qqpdrm36s3p0sar4vly65du592sa2nm Gréja Pentakosta Isa Almasih Indonésia Efata Salatiga 0 177745 1760002 1722059 2026-11-05T20:16:59Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760002 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Gereja Pentakosta Isa Almasih Indonesia Efata Salatiga.jpg|jmpl|280x280px|Gréja Pentakosta Isa Almasih Indonésia Efata Salatiga.]] '''Gréja Pentakosta Isa Almasih Indonésia Efata Salatiga''' ya iku [[gréja Kristen]] kang idéologiné dhedhasar gerakan [[Pentakosta]]. Gréja iki ana ing Dalan Brigjen Sudiarta No. 1a, [[Mangunsari, Sidamukti, Salatiga|Kalurahan Mangunsari, Kacamatan Sidamukti, Kutha Salatiga]], [[Jawa Tengah|Propinsi Jawa Tengah]]. == Uga delengen == * [[Gréja Kristen Jawa Salib Putih]] * [[Gréja Kristen Jawa Tengah Lor Salatiga]] * [[Gréja Protèstan Indonésia Bagean Kulon Tamansari Salatiga]] * [[Gréja Yesus Sajati Salatiga]] == Kapustakan == {{refbegin|1}} '''Buku''' * {{Cite book|title=Pokok-Pokok Penting dari Iman Kristen|last=Abineno|first=J.L.Ch.|publisher=Gunung Mulia|year=1989|isbn=978-979-4154-48-9|location=Jakarta|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Abineno|1989}}|page=|url=|date=|url-status=live}} * {{Cite book|title=Unsur-Unsur Liturgia yang Dipakai Gereja-Gereja di Indonesia|last=Abineno|first=J.L.Ch.|publisher=Gunung Mulia|year=2007|isbn=978-979-4159-56-9|location=Jakarta|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Abineno|2007}}|page=|url=|date=|url-status=live}} * {{Cite book|title=Tata Gereja-Gereja Kristen Indonesia|last=Badan Pekerja Majelis Sinode Gereja Kristen Indonesia|first=|publisher=Badan Pekerja Majelis Sinode Gereja Kristen Indonesia|year=2003|isbn=978-979-9775-50-4|location=Jakarta|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Badan Pekerja Majelis Sinode Gereja Kristen Indonesia|2003}}|page=|url=|date=|url-status=live}} '''Jurnal ilmiah''' * {{Cite journal|last=Permata|first=Stefanie Theresia, dkk|year=Maret 2016|title=Umat Islam dalam Memaknai Isu Kristenisasi di Salatiga (Suatu Analisis Persepsi Berdasarkan Perspektif Teori ''Coordinated Management of Meaning'')|url=https://ejournal.uksw.edu/cakrawala/article/view/49|journal=Cakrawala|volume=4|issue=2|pages=|doi=|issn=1693-6248|ref={{sfnref|Permata, dkk|2016}}}} * {{Cite journal|last=Ridwan|first=Benny|year=Juni 2011|title=Potret Organisasi Keagamaan dan Respon terhadap Dinamika Kehidupan Keberagaman di Salatiga|url=https://inferensi.iainsalatiga.ac.id/index.php/inferensi/article/view/333|journal=Inferensi|volume=5|issue=1|pages=|doi=|issn=2502-1427|ref={{sfnref|Ridwan|2011}}|access-date=2021-05-02|archive-date=2020-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609172428/https://inferensi.iainsalatiga.ac.id/index.php/inferensi/article/view/333|url-status=dead}} '''Wacan bacutan''' * {{Cite book|url=|title=Interfaith Marriage: A Study of Contextual Church Polity in the Religiously Plural Context of Indonesia|last=Trimargono|first=Meytrias Ebenheser|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|date=|year=2021|isbn=978-364-3913-37-1|location=Münster|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Trimargono|2021}}|url-status=live|page=}} {{refend}} == Pranala jaba == {{commons category|Gereja Pentakosta Isa Almasih Indonesia Efata Salatiga}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210111142935/https://scientiarum.com/2013/12/14/salatiga-christmas-parade/ Salatiga Christmas Parade] [[Kategori:Kristen]] [[Kategori:Kutha Salatiga]] [[Kategori:Gréja]] [[Kategori:Gréja ing Kutha Salatiga]] [[Kategori:Wewangunan ing Kutha Salatiga]] jg169cli2olvbq01jqaunj1cgeoqtle Laufabrauð 0 178168 1760228 1754854 2026-11-06T08:25:52Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Laufabrauð|creator=|calories=|variations=|main_ingredient=|served=|type=[[Flatbread]]|course=|region=|name_lang=is|country=[[Iceland]]|alternate_name=|caption=|image_size=250px|image=Laufabrauð before and after frying.jpg|name_italics=true|other=}} [[File:Laufabrauð.jpg|thumb|]] '''''{{Lang|is|Laufabrauð}}''''' ( {{IPA-is|ˈlœiːvaˌprœiːθ}}, " [[wiktionary:en:lauf#Icelandic|godhong]] [[wiktionary:en:brauð#Icelandic|roti]] "; kadang uga diarani "roti kepingan salju" ing basa Inggris) <ref name="coolcuisine">{{Cite book|title=Cool Cuisine|url=https://archive.org/details/coolcuisinetradi0000nann|last=Nanna Rögnvaldardóttir|publisher=Vaka-Helgafell|year=2004|isbn=9979-2-1767-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/coolcuisinetradi0000nann/page/96 96]|oclc=253801447}}</ref> minangka salah sawijining jinis olahan arupa [[Èslan|roti Islandia]] sing paling asring dipangan ing musim [[Natal]] . <ref name="jol.ismennt.is">{{Cite web|url=http://jol.ismennt.is/english/laufabraud-joe.htm|title=Laufabrauð - "Leaf Bread"|last=Salvör Gissurardóttir|year=2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215214046/http://jol.ismennt.is/english/laufabraud-joe.htm|archive-date=2007-12-15|access-date=2007-12-09}}</ref> Asal saka [[Èslan|Islandia]] sisih lor nanging saiki dipangan ing saindenging negara, roti lapis, lancip banget kanthi diameter udakara 15 nganti 20&nbsp;cm (6 nganti 8 inci), dihias nganggo godhong, pola geometris lan digoreng sedhot nganggo lemak utawa minyak panas. <ref name="hanneck">{{Cite book|title=Island-Kochbuch|last=Hanneck|first=Maike|publisher=túrí|year=2004|isbn=9979-9641-0-3|pages=30–31|language=German|oclc=76585143}}</ref> ''{{Lang|is|Laufabrauð}}'' bisa dituku ing toko roti utawa digawe ing omah, nganggo adonan siap utawa saka awal; <ref name="jol.ismennt.is">{{Cite web|url=http://jol.ismennt.is/english/laufabraud-joe.htm|title=Laufabrauð - "Leaf Bread"|last=Salvör Gissurardóttir|year=2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215214046/http://jol.ismennt.is/english/laufabraud-joe.htm|archive-date=2007-12-15|access-date=2007-12-09}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSalvör_Gissurardóttir2000">Salvör Gissurardóttir (2000). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215214046/http://jol.ismennt.is/english/laufabraud-joe.htm "Laufabrauð - "Leaf Bread<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"]. Archived from [http://jol.ismennt.is/english/laufabraud-joe.htm the original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215214046/http://jol.ismennt.is/english/laufabraud-joe.htm |date=2007-12-15 }} on 2007-12-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span data-ve-ignore="true"> </span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true">CS1 maint: discouraged parameter ([[:Kategori: CS1 maint: paramèter sing pundung|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: discouraged parameter]]</ref> pola dipotong nganggo tangan utawa digawe nganggo roller kuningan sing abot, ''{{Lang|is|laufabrauðsjárn}}'' ({{IPA-is|ˈlœiːvaˌprœiðsˌjau(r)tn̥|}}, "wesi roti godhong"). <ref name="hanneck">{{Cite book|title=Island-Kochbuch|last=Hanneck|first=Maike|publisher=túrí|year=2004|isbn=9979-9641-0-3|pages=30–31|language=German|oclc=76585143}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHanneck2004">Hanneck, Maike (2004). ''Island-Kochbuch'' (in German). túrí. pp.&nbsp;30–31. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Khusus: Source Book / 9979-9641-0-3|<bdi>9979-9641-0-3</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (pengenal)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/oclc/76585143 76585143].</cite> [[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]</ref> Roti roti digawe ing omah biasane dadi usaha kulawarga lan asring dadi bagian penting saka persiapan Natal, ing endi pirang-pirang generasi nglumpuk lan melu dekorasi. <ref name="gestgjafinn.is">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gestgjafinn.is/english/nr/353|title=Leaf Bread for Christmas|last=Nanna Rögnvaldardóttir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216105832/http://www.gestgjafinn.is/english/nr/353|archive-date=2007-02-16|access-date=2009-11-29}}</ref> == Referensi == 3exjb9y4viq1nha0bq7b7b7vwpy12t1 Faqih Usman 0 179825 1759948 1733105 2026-11-05T17:32:20Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder |honorific-prefix = [[Kyai]] [[Haji]] |name = Faqih Usman |image = Fakih Usman Suara Rakyat 2 Apr 1952 p1.jpg |caption = Faqih Usman ing taun 1952 |office = Mentri Agama Indonésia |order = 7 |term_start = 3 April 1952 |term_end = 30 Juli 1953 |president = [[Soekarno]] |predecessor = [[Wahid Hasyim]] |successor = [[Masjkur]] |birth_date = 2 Maret 1904 |birth_place = {{negara|Belanda}} [[Gresik]], [[Hindia Belanda]] |death_date = {{death date and age|1968|10|3|1904|3|2|df=y}} |death_place = {{negara|Indonésia}} [[Indonésia]] |nationality = [[Indonésia]] |party = [[Masyumi]] |spouse = |relations = |children = |alma_mater = |occupation = Anggota Dewan [[Muhammadiyah]] |profession = Ngulama |religion = [[Islam]] |signature = |website = |footnotes = }} KH. '''Faqih Usman''' iku salah sawijining [[ngulama]] [[Islam]] ing [[Indonésia]] nalika jaman kamardikan. Panjenengané uga tinepung minangka aktivis, pulitisi saka parté Masyumi lan [[mentri|mantri]] [[agama]] ing jaman [[Présidhèn|Prèsidhèn]] [[Soekarno]] kang duwé latar wuri saka wong dagang. Ing jaman Orde Lama, mèh kabèh mantri agama nduwé latar wuri [[pondhok pesantrèn]], malah kepara wis [[kyai]]. Faqih Usman kalebu mbédani amarga sanajan naté ngangsu kawruh ing [[pesantrèn]], panjenengané luwih asring urip dadi wong dagang nganti kadhapuk dadi mantri agama kaping pindho.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://masjiduna.com/k-h-faqih-usman-menteri-agama-berlatar-belakang-pedagang/|title=KH. Faqih Usman Mentri Agama kang Asale saka Wong Dagang|last=Masjiduna|first=Redhaksi|website=Masjiduna|access-date=2021-08-01}}</ref> == Mangsa cilik lan pawiyatan == KH. Faqih Usman lair ing kutha [[Gresik]], [[Jawa Wétan]] ing [[surya]] 2 [[Maret]] [[1904]]. Panjenengané asal saka [[kulawarga]] [[santri]] prasaja lan senggut ngibadah. Kyai Faqih minangka putra kapapat saka kulawarga kang [[tresna]] marang ngèlmu agama. Kawit cilik Faqih Usman wis digulawenthah déning [[bapak]]é supaya nyinaoni [[Kuran|Al-Quran]]. Ndungkap umur welasan, Faqih Usman lumebu pondhok pesantrèn Maskumambang, [[Bungah, Gresik|Bungah]], Gresik kang suwéné telung taun saka [[1914]]-1918. Ing [[1918]]-[[1924]], panjenengané ngangsu kawruh ana pesantrèn jaban rangkah Gresik kang diemong déning Kyai Cholil. Ing kana, panjenengané kerep dialembana guruné minangka santri kang lantip.<ref name=":0" /> Panjenengané mudheng basa Arab lan akèh nguwasani buku-buku, mligi buku Arab [[Mesir]] kang isiné ngenani bab kamardikan, kang diwulangké ana ing pesantrèn iku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ibtimes.id/kh-faqih-usman-sosok-kader-ulama-dan-politikus/|title=KH. Faqih Usman Sosok Kadher Ngulama lan Pulitisi|last=Saleh|first=Muhammad|date=2020-06-26|website=Ib Times|access-date=2021-08-01}}</ref> == Pakumpulan == === Muhammadiyah === Ubeté ana ing [[Muhammadiyah]] kawiwitan saka taun [[1925]] nalika panjenengané didhapuk minangka lurah paguyuban Muhammadiyah Gresik kang ing tembé malih dadi salah sawijining cawang Muhammadiyah kang ana ing Jawa Wétan. Panjenengané banjur kadhapuk minangka lurah Majlis Tarjih Muhammadiyah Jawa Wétan ing [[1932]]-[[1936]] kang mapan ana ing Surabaya. Nalika [[K. H. Mas Mansur|KH. Mas Mansur]] kakukuhake minangka pangurus ageng Muhammadiyah, Kyai Faqih anggantèni kalungguhan Mas Mansur minangka konsul Muhammadiyah Jawa Wétan ing 1936. Ing [[1953]], kanggo kang sepisan panjenengané kadhapuk lan lungguh ing susunan kapangurusan Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah lan saterusé kapilih dadi sawijining carik Ketua Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah. Sadurung sédané, panjenengané kadhapuk minangka Ketua Umum Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah ing muktamar Muhammadiyah kaping 37 ing Kutha [[Ngayogyakarta]] ing [[1968]] kanggo mangsa 1968-[[1971]]. Kalungguhan iku mung diemban sawenèh dina amarga panjenengané tilar donya ing surya 3 [[Oktober]] 1968. Kalungguhan lurah Muhammadiyah banjur diwènèhaké marang KH. AR. Fakhruddin kang umuré isih enom banget.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://muhammadiyah.or.id/kh-faqih-usman-ketua-1968-1971/|title=KH. Faqih Usman Ketua 1968-1971|last=Muhammadiyah|first=Redhaksi|website=Muhammadiyah|access-date=2021-08-01}}</ref> === Jaban Muhammadiyah === Saliyané ing Muhammadiyah, Kyai Faqih uga ubet ana ing pakumpulan parté Masyumi lan wadya Hizbullah. Sajeroning pemilu [[1955]], panjenengané kajatah [[kursi]] ing konstituante minangka sulihing Masyumi nganti bubaring konstituante déning Dhekrit Prèsidhèn ing surya ping 5 [[Juli]] [[1959]]. Sawisé Masyumi dibubaraké ing [[1960]], Kyai Faqih dadi sulih lurah nggantèni HM. Yunus Anis kang njawat ing 1959-1961. Ing jaman lurahé KH. Ahmad Badawi ing 1965-1968, Kyai Faqih dadi panutur, mesisan ing jaman KH. Ahmad Badawi kang sepisan ([[1962]]-1965), panjenengané gawé konsèp Kapribadhèn Muhammadiyah. Rumusan kasebut diajokaké ana ing Muktamar Muhammadiyah ka-35 ing 1962 ing [[Jakarta]], lan tundhoné minangka gegebengan warga Muhammadiyah tumeka saiki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pwmu.co/146334/05/04/kh-faqih-usman-sudah-gambar-pak-ar/|title=KH. Faqih Usman Wis Gambar Pak Ar|last=Kristanto|first=Prima Mari|date=2020-05-04|website=PWMU|access-date=2021-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802033436/https://pwmu.co/146334/05/04/kh-faqih-usman-sudah-gambar-pak-ar/|archive-date=2021-08-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mentri Agama == Kyai Faqih nerusaké labuh-labeté KH. Fathurahman Kafrawi minangka Mantri Agama Indonésia kang nglebokaké kawruh agama ana ing pamulangan ing pawiyatan. Sanadyan ta piwulangan agama ora mangaribawani munggahing kelas para siswa, nanging kawicaksanan kasebut wigati. Ana gorèhing panggalih déning para nasionalis jalaran para [[guru]] agama kurang nguwasani kawruh ngèlmu umum. Amarga iku ing 1947 Kyai Faqih kongkon Kepala Jawatan Pendidikan Agama (Japenda), Drs. Abdullah Sigit supaya ngundhakaké kaprigelan para guru agama kanggo nguwasani kawruh-kawruh umum modhèrn. Kyai Faqih wis ora lungguh minangka mentri agama manèh nalika Républik Indonésia Sarékat bubar lan adegé Kabinèt Wilopo, nanging panjenengané pinitaya ing Japenda. Ing Muhammadiyah, panjenengané nyekel jabatan lurah I, lan lurah umumé Ki Bagus Hadikusuma. == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Muhammadiyah]] [[Kategori:Ulama]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Jawa]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Muhammadiyah]] [[Kategori:Lair 1904]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Islam Indonésia]] [[Kategori:WikiCendekia (Dandung)]] p0lfmvzag8ohf6nnnwjijmsj4aqu71j Dennis Adeniran 0 180817 1759902 1575302 2026-11-05T14:24:56Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Dennis Adeniran | image = | caption = | fullname = Dennis Emmanuel Abiodun Bamidele Chijioke Adeniran<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/1869523 |title=2020/21 Premier League squads confirmed |publisher=Premier League |date=20 October 2020 |access-date=24 October 2020}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1999|01|02|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Dennis Adeniran|url=http://www.evertonfc.com/players/d/da/dennis-adeniran|publisher=Everton F.C.|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201203844/http://www.evertonfc.com/players/d/da/dennis-adeniran|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | birth_place =[[London Borough of Southwark|Southwark]], [[Inggris]] | height = {{height|m=1.80}}<ref name="11v11">{{cite web | title = Dennis Adeniran | url = https://www.11v11.com/players/dennis-adeniran-253549/ | publisher = 11v11 | access-date =10 September 2017}}</ref> | position = [[Gelandhang]] | currentclub =[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]] | clubnumber = 8 | youthclubs1 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | youthyears1 = 2011–2016 | years1 = 2016–2017 | clubs1 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps1 = 1 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2017–2021 | clubs2 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | caps2 = 0 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2020–2021 | clubs3 = → [[Wycombe Wanderers F.C.|Wycombe Wanderers]] (nyileh) | caps3 = 21 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2021– | clubs4 = [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]] | caps4 = 15 |goals4 = 3 |nationalyears1 = 2015–2016 |nationalteam1 = {{Timnasu|17|Inggris}} |nationalcaps1 = 13 |nationalgoals1 = 1 |nationalyears2 = 2016 |nationalteam2 = {{Timnasu|18|Inggris}} |nationalcaps2 = 6 |nationalgoals2 = 0 |nationalyears3 = 2017 |nationalteam3 = {{Timnasu|19|Inggris}} |nationalcaps3 = 3 |nationalgoals3 = 0 | club-update = 17:02, 13 November 2021 (UTC) | ntupdate = }} '''Dennis Emmanuel Abiodun Bamidele Chijioke Adeniran''' (lair 2 Januari 1999) yaiku pemain [[bal-balan]] profesional [[Inggris]] sing main dadi [[Gelandhang]] kanggo [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]]. == Referensi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan Inggris]] {{Pemain-sb-stub|Inggris}} {{Sheffield Wednesday F.C. squad}} 4wtwl7rjb3ea3uim9kmlvlysue94uhe KidZania Jakarta 0 180870 1760171 1657138 2026-11-06T05:41:04Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox amusement park |slogan=Get ready for a better world. |location=Jakarta, Indonesia |status=beroperasi }} '''KidZania Jakarta''' iku pusat rekreasi waralaba saka [[Meksiko]] sing nyuguhake konsep dolanan sinambi sinau kanggo bocah-bocah saka TK nganti SD.<ref name="Kompas">[http:// nasional. kompas.com/read/2008/09/14/01494078/live.seimbang.uchu.riza Kompas Nasional: Life in Balance Uchu Riza] 14 September 2008</ref> Kanthi konsep replika kutha ukuran bocah, pusat rekreasi. wis dalan gedhe, bangunan, toko uga macem-macem kendaraan sing lumaku ing saindhenging kutha. Kidzania Jakarta minangka franchise pisanan ing Asia Tenggara lan nomer loro ing njaba Meksiko sawisé Jepang.<ref name="Kompas"/> Didegaké ing November 1996, KidZania Jakarta dioperasèkaké déning PT Aryan Indonesia.<ref name="Jakarta Globe">[http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/archive/globeasia150-richest-indonesians-76-100/ Jakarta Globe: GlobeAsia150 Wong Indonesia paling sugih (76-100)]</ref> Pamilik perusahaan iki (PT Aryan Indonesia) yaiku pasangan bojo [[Roestriana Adrianti]] lan [[Mohammad Riza Chalid]], kanthi investasi 10 yuta AS. dollar.<ref name ="Kompas"/> Ing taun 1998 putra pasangan [[Muhammad Kerry Adrianto]] dadi ''Walikota'' Kidzania lan mbantu mbukak pendopo Nippon Paint lan Garuda Indonesia.<ref name="marketeers ">{{Cite web |url=http://marketeers.com/article/bangun-kesadaran-brand-sejak-dini-garuda-indonesia-mendarat-di-kidzania.html |title=Marketeers: Mbangun Brand Awareness Awal , Garuda Indonesia "dharat" ing Kidzania |access-date=2015-12-20 |archive-date=2015-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222084340/http://http/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SWA">{{Cite web |url=http://swa.co.id/business- |title=strategi/marketing/nippon-paint-buka-establishment-interior-design-studio-di-kidzania-jakarta SWA: Nippon Paint Mbukak Establishment Interior Design Studio ing KidZania Jakarta |access-date=2021-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808230139/http://swa.co.id/Business- |archive-date=2024-08-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kidzania Jakarta minangka pusat rekreasi njero ruangan sing dumunung ing Pasific Papan (pusat perbelanjaan) ana ing lantai enem lan ambane 7.500 meter persegi <ref name="KompasT">[http://travel.kompas.com/read/2013/08/07/1614319/Melaksanakan .Keinginan.Anak.di .Kota.Kidzania Kompas Travel: Mewujudkan Keinginan Anak di Kota Kidzania]</ref> Papan rekreasi iki nduweni target umur bocah-bocah umur 15-35 taun, sing nduweni profesi kayata dokter gigi kanthi boneka lan peralatan dokter gigi; dokter sing duwe kamar operasi, kantor polisi, studio televisi, lan kantor pajak.<ref name="Kompas"/> Bocah-bocah uga bisa sinau akting lan munggah panggung.<ref name="Kompas"/> Papan sing diarani profesi iki. sawijining pendopo, lan ing taun 2002 Kidzania Jakarta nduweni 71 pendopo.<ref name="KompasT"/> Bocah-bocah sing kalebu sasaran pengunjung kudu mbayar tiket paling larang sing regane beda-beda gumantung ing dina tekane kanthi rega Rp. 150 ewu paling murah lan Rp. 250 ewu iku paling dhuwur (2002), dene kanggo wong tuwa regane watara Rp. 100 ewu paling murah lan Rp. 200 ewu paling dhuwur (2002), lan balita dikenai Rp. 50 ewu - Rp. 100 ewu (2002). == Referensi == {{Daftar ulang}} == Pranala njaba == *[http://www.kidzania.co.id/index.php?catid=30&artid=75&mnid=113&menu=115 Situs web resmi Kidzania Jakarta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704213703/http://www.kidzania.co.id/index.php?catid=30&artid=75&mnid=113&menu=115 |date=2016-07-04 }} [[Kategori:Taman hiburan ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Taman Kidzania]] [[Kategori:2007 ing Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Bangunan lan struktur ing Jakarta]] [[Kategori:Obyek wisata ing Jakarta]] iamuiac1d7slkohhimxmj8ggs94qrje Eksarkat Apostolik Harbin 0 182343 1759931 1699011 2026-11-05T16:11:10Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eksarkat Apostolik Rusia ing Harbin''' yaiku salah siji saka mung loro [[Eksarkat Apostolik]] (jenis yurisdiksi pra-diokesan [[Katulik Wetan]], setara karo [[Vikariat Apostolik]] Latin) sing naungi [[Greja Katulik Bizantium Rusia]] (ing basa Rusia, tanpa tahta pimpinan sabenere), sing liyane yaiku [[Eksarkat Apostolik Rusia ing Rusia]]. Wilayah grejawi ksebut menika subyek langsung [[Tahta Suci]] (ora bagean [[provinsi grejawi]] ing endi wae) lan [[Kongregasi Roma kanggo Gereja-gereja Wetan]]. == Sumber lan pranala njaba == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/harb1.htm GCatholic, with Google satellite photo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220808081315/http://stmichaelruscath.org/outbound/parishes/australia.lyceum.php Lyceum St. Nicholas, Harbin, 1929-1949] * [http://www.cyrylimetody.marianie.pl/z/harbin.jpg Photo of Marians in Harbin] [[Kategori:Greja Katulik Grikenlan Rusia]] 8rf3bc7sex3hfig7189jrrpqb5ui78y Kabiskopan Agung Singapura 0 182519 1760097 1746654 2026-11-06T01:33:42Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|Greja Kabiskopan [[Ritus Latin]]|Greja [[Persekutuan Anglikan]]|Kabiskopan Singapura}}{{Infobox Keuskupan |jurisdiction=Keuskupan Agung |name=Singapura |latin=Archidioecesis Singaporensis |local=新加坡總教區<br>சிங்கப்பூர் உயர் மறைமாவட்டம்<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sgtamilcatholic.org/page-with-left-and-right-sidebar/tamil-mass-timing |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-21 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603044211/http://sgtamilcatholic.org/page-with-left-and-right-sidebar/tamil-mass-timing/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |image=Cathedral of the Good Shepherd 14, Jan 06.JPG |image_size=250px |image_alt=frameless |caption=Bagean jaba Katedral Pangon Apik |coat=Coat of arms of William Goh Seng Chye (cardinal).svg |coat_size=200px |coat_alt=frameless |country={{flag|Singapura}} |territory=Kabeh wilayah [[Singapura]] |deaneries = {{unbulleted list|[[West Region, Singapura|Kulon]]|[[:ms:Downtown Core|Kutha Singapura]]|Serangoon|[[East Region, Singapura|Wetan]]|Lor<ref name="The-herald-malaysia"/>}} |metropolitan=Tunduk langsung marang Takhta Suci |coordinates={{Coord|1.29596|103.85131}} <!---- Statistics ----> |area_km2=639 |population=5.703.600<ref name="Population and Population Structure">{{cite web|title=Population and Population Structure|website=Singstat|publisher=Departemen Statistik|url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/population-and-population-structure/latest-data|access-date=20 Maret 2020|archive-date=2020-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726011137/https://www.tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/publicfacing/createDataTable.action?refId=14912|url-status=dead}}</ref> |catholics=373.000<ref name="The-herald-malaysia">{{Cite web |url=http://directory.heraldmalaysia.com/dioceses/archdiocese-of-singapore/10 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-21 |archive-date=2023-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605234041/http://directory.heraldmalaysia.com/dioceses/archdiocese-of-singapore/10 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_as_of=2015<ref>Total populasi Singapura yang berjumlah 5.535.002 jiwa diambil dari http://www.tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/publicfacing/createDataTable.action?refId=14912 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310045653/https://www.tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/publicfacing/createDataTable.action?refId=14912 |date=2020-03-10 }}</ref> |catholics_percent=6,53 |parishes=31<ref>Tiga gereja di wilayah Distrik Kota; yakni Katedral Gembala Baik, Gereja Santo Yosef, dan Gereja Santo Alfonsus; bukanlah gereja paroki.</ref> |congregations=75<ref name="The-herald-malaysia"/> |priests=72<ref name="The-herald-malaysia"/> |schools=39<ref name="The-herald-malaysia"/> <!---- Information ----> |denomination=[[Greja Katulik Roma]] |sui_iuris_church = [[Greja Latin]] |rite=[[Ritus Latin]] |cathedral=Katedral Pangon Apik |metro_archbishop=[[William Goh|William Goh Seng Chye]] |pope={{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> |vicar_general=[[Monsinyur|Mgr.]] [[Ambrose Vaz]]<br>Mgr.<ref>{{cite web |title=Priest / Clergy Listing |url=https://www.catholic.sg/directory/singapore_catholic_church/priest_clergy |publisher=Keuskupan Agung Singapura |language={{en}} |date=2020 |access-date=9 Fèbruari 2021 |archive-date=2020-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928021904/https://www.catholic.sg/directory/singapore_catholic_church/priest_clergy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[John Paul Tan]], [[Ordo Fratrum Minorum|O.F.M.]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Organisation Contact Information |publisher=Keuskupan Agung Singapura |url=https://www.catholic.sg/directory/singapore_catholic_church/organisation-contact-details-information/?gr3ApI=1053 |language={{en}} |date=2020 |6=access-date3 Juni 2021 |access-date=2022-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020170203/https://www.catholic.sg/directory/singapore_catholic_church/organisation-contact-details-information/?gr3ApI=1053 |archive-date=2019-10-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |emeritus_bishops=[[Nicholas Chia]] |episcopal_vicar=R.D. [[Terence Pereira]]<ref name="The-herald-malaysia"/> |judicial_vicar=R.D. Terence Pereira<br>[[Monsinyur|Mgr.]] [[Francis Lau]]<ref name="The-herald-malaysia"/> |ekonom=[[Diaken#Katulik Roma|Diakon]] [[Clement Chen]]<ref name="The-herald-malaysia"/> |map_caption= |language={{unbulleted list|[[Basa Inggris]]|[[Basa Mandarin]]|[[Basa Melayu]]|[[Basa Tamil]]}}<!---- Website ----> |website={{URL|catholic.sg}}}} '''Kabiskopan Agung Singapura''' ([[Basa Latin|Latin]]: ''Archidioecesis Singaporensis'') yaiku [[kabiskopan agung]] [[Greja Katulik]] sing ana ing Singapura. Wilayahe ngecakup kabeh wilayah [[Singapura]]. [[Biskop Agung|Biskop agung]] sing ngejabat saiki yaiku [[Monsinyur|Mgr]] William Goh Seng Chye. Biskop Agung Goh ngejabat dadi biskop agung ing 18 Mei 2013, sawise [[Paus Fransiskus]] nampa mundur saka biskop agung sadurunge, [[Nicholas Chia|Nicholas Chia Yeck Joo]]. Katedral Pangonan Apik yaiku [[Katedral|greja katedral]] ing Kabiskopan Agung Singapura. == Referensi == {{references}} * Johnson Fernandez (2013), ''Catholic Church Directory 2013 - Archdiocese of Singapore'', The Catholic News Office, ISBN 983-3201-00-8 * Eugene Wijeysingha (2006), "Going forth, The Catholic Church in Singapore 1819-2004", The Office of Archdiocese of Singapore, ISBN 981-05-5703-5 == Pranala jaba == * [http://www.catholic.sg Situs resmi Keuskupan agung Singapura] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413032413/https://www.catholic.sg/ |date=2017-04-13 }} * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsngp.html Catholic-Hierarchy.org] {{kabiskopan ing Asia}} [[Kategori:kabiskopan ing Singapura]] l5a99ju48912oza8lmah5y3g79igm0k Kabiskopan Agung Mandalay 0 183205 1760095 1698934 2026-11-06T01:23:48Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Keuskupan | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan Agung | name = Mandalay | latin = Archidioecesis Mandalayensis | local = | image = Church in Mandalay, Myanmar.jpg | image_size = 230px | caption = [[Katedral]] [[Ati Suci Yesus|Ati Suci]], [[Mandalay]] | country = {{flag|Myanmar}} | territory = [[Wilayah Sagaing]]<br>[[Wilayah Mandalay]]<br>[[Wilayah Magway|Wilayah Magwe]] | province = Mandalay | area_km2 = 212.407 | population = 9,678,773 | population_as_of = 2015 | catholics = 21,485 | catholics_percent = 0,2 | parishes = 35 | sui_iuris_church = [[Greja Latin]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = 27 November 1866 | sebelumnya = Vikariat Apostolik Burma Tengah <small>(1866-1870)</small><br>Vikariat Apostolik Burma Lor <small>(1870-1939)</small><br>Vikariat Apostolik Mandalay <small>(1939-1955)</small> | cathedral = [[Katedral]] [[Ati Suci Yesus|Ati Suci]], [[Mandalay]] | priests = 73 | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} | bishop = [[Marco Tin Win]] | bishop_title = Biskop Agung | suffragan_diocese = [[Kabiskopan Banmaw]]<br>[[Kabiskopan Hakha]]<br>[[Kabiskopan Kalay]]<br>[[Kabiskopan Lashio]]<br>[[Kabiskopan Myitkyina]] | emeritus_bishops = [[Nicholas Mang Thang]]<br>[[Paul Zingtung Grawng]] | alamat = Archbishop's House, 81st and 25th Street, Mandalay 06011, Myanmar | website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20171007152838/http://www.mandalayarchdiocese.org:80/home mandalayarchdiocese.org] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Agung Mandalay''' ana ing bagean tengah [[Myanmar]]. Kabiskopan kasebut duwe amba kira-kira {{convert|212.407|km2}} lang ngeliputi bagean kidul [[Wilayah Sagaing]], meh kabeh [[Wilayah Mandalay]] lan bagean wetan [[Wilayah Magway|Wilayah Magwe]]. [[Kabiskopan agung]] kasebut nduweni [[kabiskopan]] sufragan yaiku [[Kabiskopan Myitkyina|Myitkyina]], [[Kabiskopan Kalay|Kalay]], [[Kabiskopan Banmaw|Banmaw]], [[Kabiskopan Lashio|Lashio]], lan [[Kabiskopan Hakha|Hakha]].<ref name="CH">{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dmndl.html|title=Archdiocese of Mandalay|publisher=Catholic-Hierarchy|accessdate=2008-12-04}}</ref> == Kronologi == * Didegake minangka '''Vikariat Apostolik Burma Tengah''' ing 27 November 1866, misah saka [[Vikariat Apostolik Burma]] * Ganti jeneng dadi '''Vikariat Apostolik Burma Utara''' ing 19 Juli 1870 * Ganti jeneng dadi '''Vikariat Apostolik Mandalay''' ing 5 Januari 1939 * Ditingkatake dadi '''Kabiskopan Agung Mandalay''' ing 1 Januari 1955 == Ordinaris == === Vikaris Apostolik Burma Tengah === * ''Ora dingerteni (1866 – 1870)'' === Vikaris Apostolik Burma Lor === * [[Charles Arsène Bourdon]], [[Serikat Misi Asing Paris|M.E.P.]] (1 Oktober 1872 – 1 Mei 1887, mundur) ** ''Sede vacante (1 Mei 1887 – 21 Februari 1888)'' * [[Pierre-Ferdinand-Adrien Simon]], [[Serikat Misi Asing Paris|M.E.P.]] (21 Februari 1888 – 20 Juli 1893, seda) ** ''Sede vacante (20 Juli – 22 Desember 1893)'' * [[Antoine-Marie-Joseph Usse]], [[Serikat Misi Asing Paris|M.E.P.]] (22 Desember 1893 – 31 Maret 1900, mundur) ** ''Sede vacante (31 Maret 1900 – 18 Agustus 1906)'' * [[Marie-Eugène-Auguste-Charles Foulquier]], [[Serikat Misi Asing Paris|M.E.P.]] (18 Agustus 1906 – 27 Juni 1929, mundur) ** ''Sede vacante (27 Juni 1929 – 28 Juni 1930)'' * [[Albert-Pierre Falière]], [[Serikat Misi Asing Paris|M.E.P.]] (28 Juni 1930 – 5 Januari 1939, dadi Vikaris Apostolik Mandalay) === Vikaris Apostolik Mandalay === * [[Albert-Pierre Falière]], [[Serikat Misi Asing Paris|M.E.P.]] (5 Januari 1939 – 1 Januari 1955, dadi Biskop Agung Mandalay) === Biskop Agung Mandalay === * [[Albert-Pierre Falière]], [[Serikat Misi Asing Paris|M.E.P.]] (1 Januari 1955 – 19 Desember 1959, pensiyun) * [[John Joseph U Win]] (19 Desember 1959 – 29 Mei 1965, seda) ** ''Sede vacante (29 Mei – 9 Agustus 1965)'' * [[Aloysius Moses U Ba Khim]] (9 Agustus 1965 – 10 Oktober 1978, seda) * [[Alphonse U Than Aung]] (25 September 1978 – 3 April 2002, mundur) ** ''Sede vacante (3 April 2002 – 15 Mei 2003)'' * [[Paul Zingtung Grawng]] (15 Mei 2003 – 3 April 2014, pensiyun) * [[Nicholas Mang Thang]] (3 April 2014 – 25 April 2019, pensiyun) * [[Marco Tin Win]] (sawise 25 April 2019) == Referensi == {{Reflist}} == Pranala jaba == * [http://mdy.cym.googlepages.com Mandalay Catholic Youth Commission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125160201/http://mdy.cym.googlepages.com/ |date=2009-11-25 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231015051626/https://mandalayarchdiocese.org/ Archdiocese of Mandalay] {{kabiskopan ing Myanmar}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Myanmar|Mandalay]] [[Kategori:Organisasi agami sing didegaké taun 1872]] [[Kategori:Panyiapan ing Myanmar taun 1872]] pfuw8ssen4don5cpx4u2ap35mww1w4w Mesjid Selimiye, Nikosia 0 183249 1760281 1677398 2026-11-06T11:26:07Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious building |building_name = Mesjid Selimiye |native_name = Τέμενος Σελιμιγιέ / Selimiye Camii |image = Nicosia 01-2017 img20 View from Shacolas Tower.jpg |caption = |map_type = Cyprus#North Nicosia |map_size = 300 |map_caption = Lokasi Katedral Santa Sofia ing Siprus |location = [[Nikosia Lor]] |geo = {{coord|35.1765|33.3645|display=inline,title}} |religious_affiliation = [[Islam Sunni]] (1570–saiki) |province = |district = [[Distrik Lefkoşa]] (''[[de facto]]'') <br> [[Distrik Nikosia]] (''[[de jure]]'') |state = {{flag|Siprus Lor}} (''[[de facto]]'')<br>{{flag|Siprus}} (''[[de jure]]'') |website = |architect = |architecture_type = |architecture_style = [[Tata yasan Gothik|Gothik]] |groundbreaking = 1209 |consecration_year = 1326 |construction_cost = |functional_status = Aktif |capacity = 2500 |minaret_quantity = 2 |minaret_height = }} '''Mesjid Selimiye''' ({{lang-el|Τέμενος Σελιμιγιέ}} ''Témenos Selimigié''; {{lang-tr|Selimiye Camii}}), biyen dikenal minangka '''Katedral Santa Sofia''' utawa '''Mesjid Ayasofya''' ({{lang-tr|Ayasofya Camii}}), yaiku bekas [[katedral]] [[Kristen]] sing diobah dadi [[mesjid]], yang ana ing [[Nikosia Lor]]. Mesjid kasebut biyen menika mesjid utami ing kutha kasebut. Mesjid Selimiye menika greja [[tata yasan Gothik|Gothik]] paling gedhe lan tuwa sing isih ngadeg ing [[Siprus]] (dimensi bagean jero: 66 X 21 m) diyakini dibangun ing situs greja [[Bizantium]] sadurunge. Secara kaseluruhan, mesjid kasebut nduweni kapasitas 2500 wong karo amba 1750 m<sup>2</sup> sing dikanggo sembahyang.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lefkoşa'ya 3657 mümin aranıyor|url=http://haberkibris.com/c307ac93-2011_02_20.html|publisher=Haber Kıbrıs|accessdate=9 January 2016|date=20 February 2011}}</ref> Mesjid kasebut menika bangunan bersejarah paling gedhe sing isih ngadeg ing Nikosia. Miturut sumber-sumber, bangunan kasebut "mungkin menika greja paling gedhe sing dibangun ing Mediterania Wetan ing milenium antara kebangkitan Islam lan zaman Utsmaniyah pungkasan".{{sfn|Schabel|2012|p=158}} Bangunan kasebut menika greja pelantikan [[raja-raja Siprus]]. ==Referensi== ;Cathetan sikil {{reflist}} ;Pratelan pustaka * {{cite encyclopedia|title=Kıbrıs|encyclopedia=İslam Ansiklopedisi|year=2012|publisher=Türk Diyanet Vakfı|volume=25|pages=383–4|location=|id=|last=Alasya|first=Halil Fikret|url=http://www.islamansiklopedisi.info/dia/ayrmetin.php?idno=250383|language=Turkish|ref={{harvid|Alasya|2002}}|access-date=2022-03-01|archive-date=2015-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403011408/http://www.islamansiklopedisi.info/dia/ayrmetin.php?idno=250383|url-status=dead}} * {{cite journal|last1=Andrews|first1=Justine M.|title=Santa Sophia in Nicosia: the Sculpture of the Western Portals and Its Reception|journal=Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies|date=1999|volume=30|issue=1|pages=63–90|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32t6t59w|accessdate=15 March 2015|publisher=UCLA}} * {{cite book|last1=Bağışkan|first1=Tuncer|title=Kıbrıs'ta Osmanlı Türk Eserleri|date=2005|publisher=Turkish Cypriot Association of Museum Lovers|language=Turkish}} * {{cite web|last1=Bağışkan|first1=Tuncer|title=Ayasofya (Selimiye) Meydanı ve Mahallesi|url=http://www.yeniduzen.com/Ekler/adres-kibris/124/ayasofya-selimiye-meydani-ve-mahallesi/735|publisher=[[Yeni Düzen]]|accessdate=15 March 2015|language=Turkish|date=21 September 2013}} * {{cite book|last1=Güven|first1=Suna|editor1-last=Mohammad|editor1-first=Gharipour|title=Sacred Precincts: The Religious Architecture of Non-Muslim Communities Across the Islamic World|date=2014|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004280229|pages=415–429|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XymeBQAAQBAJ&q=st+sophia+in+Nicosia%2C+Cyprus&pg=PA423|accessdate=17 March 2015|chapter=St Sophia in Nicosia, Cyprus: From a Lusignan Cathedral to an Ottoman Mosque}} * {{cite book |last1=Olympios |first1=Michalis |title=Bulding the Sacred in a Crusader Kingdom: Gothic Church Architecture in Lusignan Cyprus c. 1209 - c. 1373 |date=2018 |publisher=Brepols |location=Turnhout |isbn=978-2-503-53606-4}} * {{cite journal|last1=Papacostas|first1=Tassos|title=In search of a lost Byzantine monument: Saint Sophia of Nicosia|journal=Yearbook of Scientific Research Centers|date=2006|pages=11–37|url=https://www.academia.edu/2248233|accessdate=15 March 2015|location=Nicosia}} * {{cite book |last1=Papacostas |first1=Tasos |editor1-last=Michaelides |editor1-first=D. |title=Historic Nicosia |date=2012 |publisher=Rimal Publications |location=Nicosia |chapter=Byzantine Nicosia: 650-1191}} * {{cite book |last1=Plagnieux |first1=Philippe |last2=Soulard |first2=Thierry |editor1-last=de Vaivre |editor1-first=Jean-Bernard |editor2-last=Plagnieux |editor2-first=Philippe |title=L'art gothique en Chypre |date=2006 |publisher=L'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres |location=Paris |language=French |chapter=Cathédrale Sainte-Sophie|ref={{harvid|Plagnieux and Soulard|2006}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Schabel |first1=Chris |editor1-last=Michaelides |editor1-first=Demetrios |title=Historic Nicosia |date=2012 |publisher=Rimal Publications |location=Nicosia |isbn=9789963610440 |chapter=Frankish & Venetian Nicosia 1191-1570: Ecclesiastical Monuments and Topography}} * {{cite book|last1=Setton|first1=Kenneth M.|last2=Hazard|first2=Harry W.|title=A History of the Crusades: The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States|date=1977|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|isbn=9780299068240|pages=165–207|chapter=The Arts in Cyprus|url=http://images.library.wisc.edu/History/EFacs/HistCrus/0001/0004/reference/history.crusfour.i0018.pdf|accessdate=18 March 2015|ref={{harvid|Setton|1977}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160416/http://images.library.wisc.edu/History/EFacs/HistCrus/0001/0004/reference/history.crusfour.i0018.pdf|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead}} ==Pranala jaba== {{Commons category|Selimiye Mosque (former St. Sophie Cathedral)}} * [http://www.stwing.upenn.edu/~durduran/drnic1.html#selim UPenn Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123164505/http://www.stwing.upenn.edu/~durduran/drnic1.html#selim |date=2013-11-23 }} * [http://www.mcw.gov.cy/mcw/DA/DA.nsf/All/BC8DB498E39DA650C2257276003EA4CD?OpenDocument] [[Category:Mesjid abad ka-13]] k90xs3dbcjrosbvdboffm3etxfi905r Kabiskopan Busan 0 183265 1760099 1703783 2026-11-06T01:47:34Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --> | name = Busan | latin = Dioecesis Busanensis | local = 부산 교구 | image = | image_size = 200px | image_alt = | caption = <!---- Locations ----> | country = {{flag|Korea Kidul}} | metropolitan = [[Kabiskopan Agung Daegu|Daegu]] | territory = | province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Daegu|Daegu]] | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = 3,267<!-- Area in square kilometers, automatically converted --> | population = 5,560,101 | population_as_of = 2012 | catholics = 422,012<!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese --> | catholics_percent = 7.6 | parishes = 119<!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Katulik Roma]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = 21 Januari 1957 ({{age|1957|1|21}} taun kepungkur) | cathedral = Katedral Salib Suci ing [[Busan]] | cocathedral = | patron = | priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} | bishop = [[Paul Cheol-soo Hwang]] | bishop_title = Biskop | metro_archbishop = Thaddeus Cho Hwan-Kil | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = [[Joseph Son Sam-seok]] | vicar_general = | emeritus_bishops = <!---- Map ----> | map = Diocese of Busan.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://www.catholicbusan.or.kr/ Situs Web Kabiskopan] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Busan''' ({{lang-la|Dioecesis Busanensis}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan]] [[Ritus Latin]] saka [[Greja Katulik ing Korea Kidul|Greja Katulik]] sing ana ing [[Busan]], [[Korea Kidul]]. == Sajarah == Ing 21 Januari 1957, wilayah grejawi kasebut didegake dening [[Paus Pius XII]] minangka [[Vikariat Apostolik]] Busan. Wilayah grejawi kasebut ditingkatake dadi [[kabiskopan]] dening [[Paus Yohanes XXIII]] ing 10 Maret 1962.<ref name=CathHierBusan>{{Cite web|last=Cheney |first=David M.|authorlink=|title=Diocese of Busan |publisher=[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]|date=|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dbusa.html |accessdate=June 16, 2018}}</ref><ref name=GCathBusan>{{Cite web|last=Chow |first=Gabriel|authorlink=|title=Diocese of Busan 부산 (South Korea)|publisher=[[GCatholic.org]]|date=|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/pusa0.htm |accessdate=June 16, 2018}}</ref> == Pratelan biskop == * [[John A. Choi Jae-seon]] (1957-1973) * [[Gabriel Gab-su Lee]] (1975-1999) * [[Augustus Myung-jo Jung]] (1999-2007) * [[Paul Cheol-soo Hwang]] (2007-saiki) == Pratelan Biskop Auksilier == * [[Joseph Son Sam-seok]] (2010-saiki)<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bsss.html Catholic Hierarchy: "Bishop Joseph Son Sam-seok"] retrieved November 7, 2015</ref> == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pranala jaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522024554/http://www.catholicbusan.or.kr/ Situs resmi] {{kabiskopan ing Koréa|state=expanded}} {{coord|35.1000|N|129.0330|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:KR|display=title}} [[Kategori:kabiskopan ing Koréa Kidul|Busan]] [[Kategori:Busan]] gqz0nwmlfmc4dj2uvvtupw7tub8x03f Kabiskopan Tuticorin 0 183519 1760108 1582563 2026-11-06T02:48:22Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese |jurisdiction = Kabiskopan |name = Tuticorin |latin = Dioecesis Tuticorensis |local = தூத்துக்குடி மறைமாவட்டம் |image = Sacred Heart Cathedral Tuticorin.jpg |image_size = |image_alt = |caption = Katedral Ati Suci, Tuticorin, Greja Induk Kabiskopan <!---- Locations ----> |country = [[Indhi]] |metropolitan = [[Kabiskopan Agung Madurai|Madurai]] |province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Madurai|Madurai]] |deaneries = 5 |rite = [[Ritus Latin]] |area_km2 = 6,440 |population = 2,590,000 |population_as_of = 2010 |catholics = 421,820 |catholics_percent= 16.3 <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Katulik Roma]] | established = 12 Juni 1923 | cathedral = Katedral Ati Suci ing [[Thoothukudi]] | cocathedral = | parishes = 111 | patron = [[Santo Fransiskus Xaverius]]<br>[[Santa Thérèse saka Lisieux]] | priests = <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} | bishop = [[Stephen Antony Pillai]] | bishop_title = Biskop | metro_archbishop = Antonius Pappusamy | coadjutor = | vicar_general = Fr.Kirubagaran | suffragans = | auxiliary_bishops = | apostolic_admin = | emeritus_bishops = [[Yvon Ambrose]] <!---- Map ----> | map = | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://tuticorindiocese.org/ Situs Web Kabiskopan] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Tuticorin''' ({{lang-la| Tuticoren(sis)}}) yaiku unit (utawa 'greja partikuler') saka [[Greja Katulik]] ing kutha [[Tuticorin]], bagean saka [[provinsi grejawi]] [[Kabiskopan Agung Madurai|Madurai]], India. == Sajarah == * 12 Juni 1923: Didegake minangka Kabiskopan Tuticorin saka [[Kabiskopan Tiruchirapalli]] == Referensi == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/tuti0.htm GCatholic.org] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dtuti.html Catholic Hierarchy] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111115180649/http://www.tuticorindiocese.com/ Diocese website ] {{coord|8.8048|N|78.1564|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{kabiskopan ing Indhi}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tuticorin}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Indhi]] [[Kategori:Thoothukudi]] p4g6zgmkhlr54in251oqy9q1n4y02ll Kabiskopan Vellore (Katulik Roma) 0 183660 1760109 1676866 2026-11-06T02:50:48Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese |jurisdiction = Kabiskopan |name = Vellore |latin = Dioecesis Vellorensis | image = Assumption Cathedral, Vellore 1.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_alt = Foto Katedral Kenaikan | caption = Katedral Kenaikan |local = வேலூர் மறைமாவட்டம் |country = [[Indhi]] |deaneries = 8 |metropolitan = [[Kabiskopan Agung Madras lan Mylapore|Madras lan Mylapore]] |province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Madras lan Mylapore|Madras lan Mylapore]] |rite = [[Ritus Latin]] |cathedral = Katedral Kenaikan ing [[Vellore]] |cocathedral = |established = 13 November 1952 |patron = [[Maria Penolong Umat Kristen]]<br />[[Dominic Savio|St Dominic Savio]]<br />[[Maria Goretti|St Maria Goretti]] |area_km2 = 12,265 |population = 10,363,000 |population_as_of = 2010 |catholics = 168,980 |catholics_percent= 1.6 |pope = {{Incumbent pope}} |bishop = [[Soundaraj Periyanayagam]], [[S.D.B.]] |metro_archbishop = [[George Antonysamy]] |vicar_general = I. John Robert |coadjutor = |auxiliary_bishops= |website = [http://www.vellorediocese.org/ Situs Web Kabiskopan] }} '''Kabiskopan Vellore''' ({{lang-la| Velloren(sis)}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan]] ing kutha [[Vellore]], [[provinsi grejawi]] [[Kabiskopan Agung Madras lan Mylapore|Madras lan Mylapore]], Indhi. == Sajarah == * 13 November 1952: Didegake minangka Kabiskopan Vellore saka Kabiskopan Agung Metropolitan Madras == Pimpinan == * Biskop Vellore ([[Ritus Latin]]) ** Biskop Soundaraj Periyanayagam, S.D.B. (11 Juli 2006 – 21 Maret 2020) ** Biskop [[Malayappan Chinnappa]], S.D.B. (banjur kuwi Biskop Agung Madras lan Mylapore) (17 November 1993 – 1 April 2005) ** Biskop [[Michael Augustine (biskop)|Michael Augustine]] (banjur kuwi Biskop Agung Pondicherry lan Cuddalore) (19 Juni 1981 – 18 Februari 1992) ** Biskop [[Royappan Antony Muthu]] (23 November 1970 – 19 Desember 1980) ** Biskop [[David Maryanayagam Swamidoss Pillat]], S.D.B. (4 Juli 1956 – 17 Juli 1969) ** Biskop [[Pablo Mariaselvam]], S.D.B. (1953 – 25 Juni 1954) ===Imam liyane saka kabiskopan kasebut sing dadi biskop=== *[[Thomas Aquinas Lephonse]], diangkat dadi Biskop Coimbatore ing 2002 *[[Stephen Antony Pillai]], diangkat dadi Biskop Tuticorin ing 2019 == Referensi == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/vell0.htm GCatholic.org] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dvell.html Catholic Hierarchy] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023811/https://vellorediocese.org/ Vellore Diocese] {{coord|12.9059|N|79.1304|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{kabiskopan ing Indhi}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vellore}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Indhi]] ak2w62m870wuzqr230d9syo3drjtw75 Lori Lightfoot 0 183688 1760246 1645803 2026-11-06T09:24:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Lori Lightfoot | image = Lori Lightfoot and Ivanka Trump D5 p2fKXoAArRkZ (cropped).jpg | caption = Lightfoot ing 2019 | office = [[Walikutha Chicago]] ke-56 | term_start = 20 Mei 2019 | term_end = 15 Mei 2023 | deputy = [[Tom Tunney]] | predecessor = [[Rahm Emanuel]] | successor = [[Brandon Johnson]] | birth_name = Lori Elaine Lightfoot | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|8|4}} | birth_place = [[Massillon, Ohio|Massillon]], Ohio, Amerika Sarekat | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Parte Dhemokrat (Amerika Sarekat)|Parte Dhemokrat]] | spouse = Amy Eshleman | children = 1 | education = [[Universitas Michigan]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br/>[[Universitas Chicago]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | signature = Lori Lightfoot signature 1.png }} '''Lori Elaine Lightfoot''' ({{lahirmati|[[Massillon, Ohio|Massillon]], Ohio, Amerika Sarekat|4|8|1962}}) yaiku jaksa lan pulitikus Amerika Sarekat sing ngejabat minangka [[walikutha Chicago]] ka-56 sawise 2019. Ia menika anggota [[Parte Dhemokrat (Amerika Sarekat)|Parte Dhemokrat]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Latest: Lightfoot begins life as Chicago's mayor-elect|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-latest-polls-close-in-chicagos-runoff-for-mayor/2019/04/02/4de4d55e-55a4-11e9-aa83-504f086bf5d6_story.html|agency=[[Associated Press]]|via=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 3, 2019|date=April 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403024803/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-latest-polls-close-in-chicagos-runoff-for-mayor/2019/04/02/4de4d55e-55a4-11e9-aa83-504f086bf5d6_story.html|archive-date=April 3, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=New Face and Longtime Politician Vying for Chicago Mayor|url=https://news.wttw.com/2019/04/01/new-face-and-longtime-politician-vying-chicago-mayor|via=[[WTTW]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=April 3, 2019|date=April 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403042648/https://news.wttw.com/2019/04/01/new-face-and-longtime-politician-vying-chicago-mayor|archive-date=April 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Sadurunge dadi walikutha, Lightfoot bekerja ing praktek hukum swasta minangka mitra ing [[Mayer Brown]] lan megang berbagai jabatan papréntahan ing Chicago. Ia ngejabat minangka presiden [[Badan Kepolisian Chicago]] lan ketua [[Chicago Police Accountability Task Force]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mayer Brown partner Lori Lightfoot recognized by Chicago business and legal groups|url=https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/news/2017/06/mayer-brown-partner-lori-lightfoot-recognized-by-c|website=[[Mayer Brown]]|access-date=April 3, 2019|date=June 7, 2017|archive-date=April 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411051724/https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/news/2017/06/mayer-brown-partner-lori-lightfoot-recognized-by-c|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=McDonald>{{cite web|url=https://chicagopatf.org/about/task-force-members/|website=[[Chicago Police Accountability Task Force]]|title=Police Accountability Task Force Members|access-date=April 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403081934/https://chicagopatf.org/about/task-force-members/|archive-date=April 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CT-1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-met-lori-lightfoot-mayor-campaign-20180507-story.html|title=Lightfoot on Emanuel challenge: She'll be progressive candidate who makes City Hall serve everyone|last=Dardick|first=Hal|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=May 8, 2018|access-date=April 3, 2019|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403010357/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-met-lori-lightfoot-mayor-campaign-20180507-story.html|archive-date=April 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Lightfoot maju kanggo jabatan Walikutha Chicago ing [[pemilihan umum walikota Chicago 2019|2019]], ngelawan [[Toni Preckwinkle]] ing pemilu Februari 2019. Ia ngalahke Preckwinkle ing 2 April 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-met-cb-chicago-election-day-20190226-story.html|title=Here's how Chicago's historic Election Day unfolded|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=February 26, 2019|access-date=February 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226211157/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-met-cb-chicago-election-day-20190226-story.html|archive-date=February 26, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AP">{{cite web|title=The Latest: 2 black women advance in Chicago mayor race|url=https://www.apnews.com/baae3b19f1f34961bbf75a5533758777|website=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=April 2, 2019|date=February 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401101816/https://www.apnews.com/baae3b19f1f34961bbf75a5533758777|archive-date=April 1, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Lightfoot menika wadon Afrika-Amerika lesbian terbuka pertami sing kapilih dadi walikutha saka kutha gedhe ing [[Amerika Sarekat]]. Kajaba iku, ia menika wadon kaloro (sawise [[Jane Byrne]]), lan Afrika-Amerika katelu—sawise [[Harold Washington]] lan [[Eugene Sawyer]]—sing dadi walikutha Chicago.{{Refn|Lightfoot is the second African American to be elected as mayor of Chicago, but Chicago's third African-American mayor overall. [[Eugene Sawyer]] served a partial term from 1987-89 after the death of [[Harold Washington]], but he had been appointed by the Chicago City Council, rather than being elected to the office. |group=note}}<ref name="trib-winner">{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/elections/ct-met-cb-chicago-election-results-201900402-story.html|title=Chicago's historic election: Lori Lightfoot appears to have swept all 50 wards in the city's mayoral race|website=[[Chicago Tribune]]|language=en-US|access-date=April 2, 2019|date=April 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402110435/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/elections/ct-met-cb-chicago-election-results-201900402-story.html|archive-date=April 2, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=trib16march>{{cite web |last1=Ruthhart |first1=Bill |title=Lori Lightfoot elected Chicago mayor, making her the first African-American woman to lead the city |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/elections/ct-met-chicago-election-results-mayors-race-lightfoot-preckwinkle-20190402-story.html |website=chicagotribune.com |publisher=Chicago Tribune |access-date=16 March 2020 |date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103202658/https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/elections/ct-met-chicago-election-results-mayors-race-lightfoot-preckwinkle-20190402-story.html |archive-date=January 3, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Cathetan == {{Reflist|group=note}} == Referensi == {{reflist}} ==Pranala jaba== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.cityofchicago.org/content/city/en/depts/mayor.html Office of the Mayor] at City of Chicago * {{C-SPAN|118921}} * [https://chicagomorningstar.com/tag/lori-lightfoot Lori Lightfoot News] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Rahm Emanuel]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Walikutha Chicago]]|years=2019–saiki}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} {{Walikutha Chicago}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lightfoot, Lori}} [[Kategori:Walikutha Chicago]] 8gpvae1glqpceg0x57c2czbnb6cdz9f Gab (jejaring sosial) 0 183801 1759963 1613162 2026-11-05T18:25:33Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Website | name = Gab, Inc. | logo = Gab text logo.svg | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | screenshot = | collapsible = <!-- set as "on", "y", etc, otherwise omit/leave blank --> | collapsetext = <!-- collapsible area's heading (default "Screenshot"); omit/leave blank if collapsible not set --> | background = <!-- for collapsetext heading; default grey (gainsboro) --> | screenshot_alt = | commercial = <!-- "Yes", "No" or leave blank --> | type = [[Layanan jejaring sosial]] | caption = | industry = [[Internet]] | url = {{URL|https://gab.com/}} | registration = Wajib | language = [[Basa Inggris|Inggris]] | location_city = | location_country = [[Amerika Sarekat]]<ref name="yahoo"/> | programming_language = [[PHP]], [[Laravel]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gab.ai/e/posts/26718003|title=Ekrem Büyükkaya on Gab: "I want to offer some transparency and clarity..."|last=Büyükkaya|first=Ekrem|date=May 31, 2018|website=gab.ai|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117210032/https://gab.ai/e/posts/26718003|archive-date=November 17, 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=November 17, 2018|quote=We are using a PHP framework called Laravel for the major part of Gab services...|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | owner = | author = <!-- or: creator / authors / creators --> | editor = <!-- or: | editors = --> | num_users = 800,000 (November 2018)<ref name="Koh-Nov2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/gab-to-rein-in-calls-for-violence-while-allowing-hate-speech-1541781101|title=Gab to Rein In Calls for Violence While Allowing Hate Speech|first1=Yoree|last1=Koh|first2=Georgia|last2=Wells|date=November 9, 2018|website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|archivedate=November 9, 2018|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20181109171737/https://www.wsj.com/articles/gab-to-rein-in-calls-for-violence-while-allowing-hate-speech-1541781101|url-status=live|access-date=November 10, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | launch date = Agustus 2016 (beta)<ref name=":2"/><br>Mei 2017 (pendaftaran dibuka) | revenue = | alexa = {{increase}} 7.691 {{small|{{nowrap|(Global, {{as of|2018|11|alt=November 2018}})}}}}<ref name="alexa">{{cite web |title=gab.ai Traffic Statistics |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/gab.ai |website=[[Alexa Internet]] |date=July 28, 2018 |accessdate=July 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812101857/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/gab.ai |archive-date=August 12, 2018 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> | current_status = Aktif |founder={{nowrap|Andrew Torba}}<br>{{nowrap|Ekrem Büyükkaya}}}} '''Gab''' yaiku situs web [[media sosial]] basa Inggris, sing dikenal minangka basis pengguna [[pulitik sayap tengan adoh|sayap tengen adoh]].{{refn|<ref name=":5"/><ref name="verge"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/05/21/529005840/feeling-sidelined-by-mainstream-social-media-far-right-users-jump-to-gab|title=Feeling Sidelined By Mainstream Social Media, Far-Right Users Jump To Gab|work=NPR.org|access-date=November 21, 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120145/https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/05/21/529005840/feeling-sidelined-by-mainstream-social-media-far-right-users-jump-to-gab|archive-date=November 21, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>}} Situs kasebut ngijinke para panganggo kanggo maca lan nulis pesan-pesan multimedia saka luwih saka 3,000 karakter, sing diarani "gabs".<ref name=":1" /> Situs kasebut sampun diarani minangka "ramah ekstrimis"<ref name=nyt20181028>{{cite news |last=Roose |first=Kevin |date=October 28, 2018 |title=On Gab, an Extremist-Friendly Site, Pittsburgh Shooting Suspect Aired His Hatred in Full |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/28/us/gab-robert-bowers-pittsburgh-synagogue-shootings.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028164518/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/28/us/gab-robert-bowers-pittsburgh-synagogue-shootings.html |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> utawa "swarga keamanan"<ref name="mic"/> kanggo [[neo-Nazi]], [[supremasi kulit putih]], lan [[alt-right]].<ref name=nyt20181028/> Para panganggo internet [[Konservatisme|konservatif]], [[libertarianisme|libertarian]], [[nasionalisme|nasionalis]] lan [[populisme|populis]] dinyatake dadi target pasare.<ref name=wapo_2018-10-31>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2018/10/31/silicon-valley-elite-social-media-hate-radicalization-that-led-gab/|title=From Silicon Valley elite to social media hate: The radicalization that led to Gab|last1=Timberg|first1=Craig|date=October 31, 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|last2=Harwell|first2=Drew|last3=Elizabeth|first3=Dwoskin|last4=Brown|first4=Emma|access-date=January 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031145703/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2018/10/31/silicon-valley-elite-social-media-hate-radicalization-that-led-gab/|archive-date=October 31, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pranala jaba == * {{official|https://gab.com/}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gab}} [[Kategori:Alt-right]] dj76q5yhbbbn3ofmga3ll11cggc0xua Halimah Yacob 0 184009 1760013 1621087 2026-11-05T21:03:44Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Malay name|Halimah|Yacob}} [[Barkas:President Halimah Yacob in 2019.jpg|thumb|Halimah Yacob]] '''Halimah Yacob''' ({{lahirmati||23|8|1954}}) yaiku [[pulitikus]] [[Singapura]] sing dadi [[presidhen Singapura]] ka-8. Ia menika presidhen wadon kapisan ing sajarah nagara kasebut. Minangka mantan anggota [[Partai Aksi Rakyat]], ia mundur lan dadi independen kanggo maju ing [[pemilihan umum Presidhen Singapura 2017]].<ref>{{cite news|title=PM Lee accepts Halimah Yacob's resignation from the PAP|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/pm-lee-accepts-halimah-yacob-resignation-from-the-pap-9099312|access-date=7 August 2017|work=Channel NewsAsia|date=7 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807211217/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/pm-lee-accepts-halimah-yacob-resignation-from-the-pap-9099312|archive-date=7 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/halimah-yacob-named-singapore-malay-president-170913073940319.html|title=Halimah Yacob named Singapore's first female president|date=13 September 2017|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=2017-09-14|archive-date=2 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502112130/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/halimah-yacob-named-singapore-malay-president-170913073940319.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/halimah-yacob-sworn-in-as-singapore-s-8th-president-9216250?view=DEFAULT|title=Halimah Yacob sworn in as Singapore's 8th President|first=Lianne|last=Chia|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|date=14 September 2017|access-date=14 September 2017|archive-date=23 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623085100/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/halimah-yacob-sworn-in-as-singapore-s-8th-president-9216250?view=DEFAULT|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Referensi== {{Reflist}} ==Pranala jaba== {{Commons category|Halimah Yacob}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160413061249/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/mp/halimah-yacob?viewcv=Halimah Mdm Halimah Yacob] at parliament.gov.sg *{{facebook|halimahyacob}} *https://web.archive.org/web/20150418101246/http://www.jrtc.org.sg/ {{Authority control}} [[Category:Presidhèn Singapura]] e132ngwxhre7ic7sqosb13attqvwu3a Hoppel poppel 0 184068 1760031 1733119 2026-11-05T22:02:25Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760031 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Hoppelpoppel_WP20_b.jpg|ka|jmpl| Hoppel poppel.]] '''Hoppel poppel''' minangka [[casserole]] endhog sing digawe karo sisa-sisa, sajian sing digandhengake karo ibu rumah tangga sing hemat. <ref>{{Cite book|title=The World Cookbook for Students|last=Ashkenazi|first=Michael|last2=Jacob|first2=Jeanne|date=2006|publisher=Greenwood|page=57}}</ref> Ditemokake ing masakan [[Olahan Jerman|Jerman]] lan [[Olahan Ostenrik|Austria]], sajian casserole uga digandhengake karo masakan Minnesota ing Midwestern Amerika Serikat . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.jsonline.com/blogs/lifestyle/135754103.html|title=Milwaukee's hoppel poppel speaks to Pittsburgh writer|website=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|access-date=2022-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710053747/https://archive.jsonline.com/blogs/lifestyle/135754103.html|archive-date=2022-07-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> Resep dhasar kanggo casserole yaiku [[Kentang gorèng|goreng]] ngarep, ham utawa salami, bawang lan endhog. Kadhangkala diiseni karo keju sing ilang. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/500_Things_to_Eat_Before_It_s_Too_Late/uha0mHZ-N8oC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Hoppel+poppel&pg=PA257&printsec=frontcover|title=500 Things to Eat Before It's Too Late|last=Stern|first=Michael|last2=Stern|first2=Jane|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt}}</ref> Bahan liyane kayata mrico ijo utawa jamur bisa ditambahake ing kombinasi dhasar, lan macem-macem daging bisa digunakake kalebu daging babi, ham lan salami.Wangun dhasar saka sajian iki mung kentang, bawang, daging lan endhog scrambled, nanging variasi sing luwih rumit bisa digawe karo mrico ijo, keju leleh lan jamur. Daging bisa dadi ham, daging babi, sosis, utawa daging sapi kabeh. Hoppel poppel disedhiyakake ing delicatessens Yahudi (senadyan ora netepi aturan diet halal) lan perusahaan kasebut nggawe sajian karo salami daging sapi. <ref name="hp">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/60404653/hoppel-poppel/|title=Midwest scrambles up an enigma|date=November 22, 1989|work=The Record Hackensack, New Jersey}}</ref> == Deloken sisan == * [[Bauernfrühstück]] * [[Stemmelkort]] == Referensi == qn20h2r0b63wj2gb1atgptlh62rztt4 Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa 0 184208 1759954 1699800 2026-11-05T17:45:57Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759954 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa in 2024 (cropped).jpg|jmpl|Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa ing 2024]] '''Afioga''' '''Fiamē Naomi Mata{{okina}}afa''' ({{lahirmati||29|4|1957}})<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.samoaobserver.ws/category/samoa/83188 |title=F.A.S.T. celebrates Fiame's birthday |publisher=Samoa Observer |date=1 May 2021 |access-date=25 May 2021 |archive-date=1 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501061113/https://www.samoaobserver.ws/category/samoa/83188 |url-status=live }}</ref> yaiku pulitikus saka [[Samoa]]. Ia ngejabat minangka [[Nayakotama Samoa]] kapitu lan ketuwa parte Fa{{okina}}atuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi (FAST) sawise 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hon. Fiame Naomi Mata'afa |url=https://www.fastparty.ws/about-8 |access-date=26 August 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211109205050/https://www.fastparty.ws/about-8|archive-date=9 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=THE HON FIAMÈ NAOMI MATA'AFA |url=https://www.forumsec.org/tuilaepa-lupesoliai-neioti-aiono-sailele-malielegaoi/ |publisher=Pacific Islands Forum |access-date=26 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109205049/https://www.forumsec.org/tuilaepa-lupesoliai-neioti-aiono-sailele-malielegaoi/ |archive-date=9 November 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Referensi== {{Reflist}} {{commons category}} {{wikiquote|Fiamē Naomi Mata'afa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mata'afa, Fiame Naomi}} [[Kategori:Nayakotama Samoa]] 3xds4y6hcc18mf8tku8y2inpkzwewcq Di Balik 98 0 184286 1759907 1623487 2026-11-05T15:09:58Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox movie | name = Di Balik 98 | image = | caption = | director = [[Lukman Sardi]] | producer =[[Affandi Abdul Rachman]] | writer = | starring = [[Chelsea Elizabeth Islan]]<br>[[Boy William]]<br>[[Arief Lufti Novembris]]<br>[[Alya Rohali]]<br>[[Fauzi Baadilla]]<br>[[Verdi Solaiman]]<br>[[Donny Alamsyah]]<br>[[Ririn Ekawati]]<br>[[Teuku Rifnu Wikana]]<br>[[Bima Azriel]] | music = | cinematography = [[Yadi Sugandi]] | editing = | studio = [[MNC Corporation]]/[[MNC Pictures]] | distributor = | released = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[15 Januari]] [[2015]] | runtime = | country = {{flag|Indonesia}} | language = [[Basa Indonesia]] | budget = | gross = | based on = | production_company = | related = | preceded_by = | followed_by = }} '''''Di Balik 98''''' (sadurunge diwenehi judhul '''''Di Balik Pintu Istana''''') yaiku [[filem drama]] Indonesia prodhuksi [[MNC Pictures]] bebarengan karo [[Affandi Abdul Rachman]] sing disutradharani dening [[Lukman Sardi]] lan dibintangi dening [[Chelsea Islan]] lan [[Boy William]]. Filem ''Di Balik 98'' tayang ing [[15 Januari]] [[2015]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.21cineplex.com/slowmotion/tantangan-lukman-sardi-sutradarai-film-dibalik-98-.htm |title=Tantangan Lukman Sardi Sutradarai Film Dibalik 98 |access-date=2022-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706101512/http://www.21cineplex.com/slowmotion/tantangan-lukman-sardi-sutradarai-film-dibalik-98-.htm |archive-date=2017-07-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Filem iki nyritani runtuhne papréntahan [[Orde Anyar]] sing ditandhani karo kamunduran Presidhen [[Soeharto]]. Pancedhakan filem iki dudu saka sudut pandang pulitis, nanging luwih menyang kamanungsaan.<ref>[http://www.merdeka.com/artis/lukman-sardi-sutradarai-film-lengsernya-soeharto-.html Artis Lukman Sardi Sutradarai Film Lengsernya Soeharto]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Pemeran == * [[Chelsea Elizabeth Islan]] * [[Boy William]] * [[Ririn Ekawati]] * [[Arief Lufti Novembris]] * [[Fauzi Baadila]] * [[Alya Rohali]] * [[Verdi Solaiman]] * [[Donny Alamsyah]] * [[Amoroso Katamsi]] * [[Teuku Rifnu Wikana]] * [[Bima Azriel]] * [[Dian Sidik]] * [[Agus Kuncoro]] * [[Pandji Pragiwaksono]] * [[Asrul Dahlan]] == Referensi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Filem taun 2015]] 331b5ri7l1pc0auzjb6t1i1q147bx25 Djibouti ing Olimpiade 0 184908 1759912 1585856 2026-11-05T15:23:16Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 4 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox country at games | NOC = DJI | NOCname = Comité National Olympique Djiboutien | games = Olimpiade | year = | flagcaption = | oldcode = | website = | location = | competitors = | sports = | flagbearer = | rank = | gold = 0 | silver = 0 | bronze = 1 | officials = | appearances = 8 | app_begin_year = 1984 | app_end_year = 2016 | summerappearances = {{Team appearances list|team=Djibouti|competition=Olimpiade Musim Panas|begin_year=|end_year= }} | winterappearances = | seealso = }} [[Djibouti]] sampun melu ing wolu [[Olimpiade Musim Panas]] minangka perampungan Olimpiade Musim Panas 2016 ing Rio de Janeiro. Nagara kasebut ora tau melu ing [[Olimpiade Musim Dingin]]. Djibouti ngegawe debut ing [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 1984]] ing [[Los Angeles]], [[Amerika Sarekat]] karo telu atlet, nanging ora entuk medhali.<ref name="Sports Reference - Countries - Djibouti">{{cite web | url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/DJI/ | title=Sports Reference – Countries – Djibouti | publisher=[[Sports Reference]] | accessdate=January 2, 2017 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805162345/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/DJI/ | archivedate=August 5, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Sports Reference - Los Angeles 1984 - Djibouti">{{cite web | url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/DJI/summer/1984/ | title=Sports Reference – Los Angeles 1984 – Djibouti | publisher=Sports Reference | accessdate=January 2, 2017 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305021157/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/DJI/summer/1984/ | archivedate=March 5, 2016 }}</ref> Cacah atlet Djibouti paling akeh sing melu ing Permainan musim panas menika wolu<ref name="Sports Reference - Countries - Djibouti" /> ing [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 1992]] ing [[Barcelona, Spanyol|Barcelona]], [[Spanyol]].<ref name="Sports Reference - Barcelona 1992 - Djibouti">{{cite web | url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/DJI/summer/1992/ | title=Sports Reference – Barcelona 1992 – Djibouti | publisher=Sports Reference | accessdate=January 2, 2017 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041337/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/DJI/summer/1992/ | archivedate=September 24, 2014 }}</ref> Mung siji atlet Djibouti sing menangke medhali ing Olimpiade, pelari maraton [[Hussein Ahmed Salah]], sing menangke medhali prunggu ing cabang ulahraga maraton ing taun 1988.<ref name="Sports Reference - Seoul 1998 - Djibouti - Athletics">{{cite web | url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/DJI/summer/1988/ATH/ | title=Sports Reference – Seoul 1998 – Djibouti – Athletics | publisher=Sports Reference | accessdate=January 2, 2017 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309130804/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/DJI/summer/1988/ATH/ | archivedate=March 9, 2016 }}</ref> == Referensi == {{Reflist|30em}} == Pranala jaba == * {{cite web |title=Djibouti |publisher=International Olympic Committee |url=http://www.olympic.org/djibouti }} * {{IOC medals|NOC=DJI}} * {{cite web |title=Olympic Medal Winners |publisher=International Olympic Committee |url=http://www.olympic.org/athletes?search=1&countryname=djibouti }} {{Nagara ing Olimpiade}} {{Olimpiade-stub}} {{Djibouti-stub}} [[Kategori:Djibouti ing Olimpiade| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara ing Olimpiade|Djibouti]] [[Kategori:Ulahraga ing Djibouti|Olimpiade]] mho1d35xt3xe5mquncf13g5j4li7hnf Kanako Momota 0 185109 1760134 1751802 2026-11-06T04:00:01Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |name = Kanako Momota |image = Kanako Momota 1.png |image_size = |landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> |alt = |caption = |background = solo_singer |birth_name = |native_name = |native_name_lang = |alias = Kanako, Deko-chan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://starchild.fm/post/en/166/Kanako+Momota.html|title=Kanako Momota|publisher=Momoiro Clover Z official site|accessdate=2012-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009211300/http://starchild.fm/post/en/166/Kanako+Momota.html|archive-date=2014-10-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|7|12}} |birth_place = |origin = [[Hamamatsu]], [[Prefektur Shizuoka]], Jepang |genre = [[musik pop|Pop]] |occupation = Panembang |instrument = |years_active = 2005–saiki |label = King Records |associated_acts = [[Momoiro Clover Z]] |website = http://www.momoclo.net/ |notable_instruments = }} {{nihongo|'''Kanako Momota'''|百田 夏菜子|Momota Kanako|{{lahirmati|[[Hamamatsu]], [[Prefektur Shizuoka]], Jepang|12|7|1994}}}} yaiku panembang [[idola Jepang]]. Ia dikenal minangka ketuwa grup idola wadon [[Momoiro Clover Z]]. Momota dadi idola Jepang paling populer ka-12 pada 2013 miturut ''[[Nihon Keizai Shimbun]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nikkei.com/news/print-article/?R_FLG=0&bf=0&ng=DGXNASFK17032_X10C13A60000000&uah=DF260420132772|script-title=ja:ももクロ、初のＡＫＢ超え　タレントパワーランキング|trans-title=Momoclo is ahead of AKB48 in the Talent Power Ranking for the first time|newspaper=日本経済新聞|date=2013-06-24|accessdate=2014-01-26|language=Jepang|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201235436/http://www.nikkei.com/news/print-article/?R_FLG=0&bf=0&ng=DGXNASFK17032_X10C13A60000000&uah=DF260420132772|archivedate=2014-02-01|url-status=live}}</ref> Ia diwakilke dening agensi bakat [[Stardust Promotion]].<ref name="natalie-pp-nanairo">{{cite news|url=http://natalie.mu/music/pp/3bjunior/page/5|title=<nowiki>[Power Push] 3Bjunior「七色のスターダスト」特集 (5-10)</nowiki>|trans-title=<nowiki>[Power Push] 3Bjunior "Nanairo no Stardust" special (5-10)</nowiki>|date=2013-12-25<!--http://natalie.mu/music/news/106531-->|accessdate=2014-02-07|language=Jepang|archive-date=2022-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027124851/https://natalie.mu/music/pp/3bjunior/page/5|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Referensi == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala jaba == * [http://www.stardust.co.jp/section3/profile/momotakanako.html Profil Stardust resmi Kanako Momota] * [http://www.momoclo.net/profile/ Momoiro Clover Z profile] * {{IMDb name|4016247}} {{Momoiro Clover Z}} {{Persondata |NAME = Momota, Kanako |ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |SHORT DESCRIPTION = Panembang Jepang |DATE OF BIRTH = 12 Juli 1994 |PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Prefektur Shizuoka]], Jepang |DATE OF DEATH = |PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Momota, Kanako}} [[Kategori:Anggota Momoiro Clover Z]] stwu2fa473ybf2057pyemu1qk1jhife Metzora (parsyah) 0 185294 1760283 1752823 2026-11-06T11:27:24Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760283 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Cedrus wood.jpg|ka|jmpl|350px|Kayu cedar]] '''Metzora''', '''Metzorah''', '''M'tzora''', '''Mezora''', '''Metsora''', utawa '''M'tsora''' yaiku [[Wacaan Taurat Saben Minggu]] ({{Hebrew|פָּרָשָׁה}}, ''parashah'') ka-28 ing siklus [[wacaan Torèt]] [[Yudaisme|Yahudi]] taunan lan kalima ing [[Kitab Kaimaman]]. Parsyah kasebut ngeliputi Kaimaman 14:1–15:33. == Pranala jaba == [[Barkas:Old book bindings.jpg|150px|ka]] === Teks === * [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0314.htm Masoretic text and 1917 JPS translation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415221133/https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0314.htm |date=2022-04-15 }} * [http://Bible.ort.org/books/torahd5.asp?action=displaypage&book=3&chapter=14&verse=1&portion=28 Hear the parashah chanted] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515001120/http://bible.ort.org/books/torahd5.asp?action=displaypage&book=3&chapter=14&verse=1&portion=28 |date=2011-05-15 }} * [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/ptmp3prq.htm#mp3 Hear the parashah read in Hebrew] === Tafsiran === {{col-begin}} | width="25%" align="left" valign="top" style="border:0"| * [http://ajrca.org/index.php?s=metzora&search.x=17&search.y=18 Academy for Jewish Religion, California] * [http://ajrsem.org/tag/mtzora/ Academy for Jewish Religion, New York] * [http://www.aish.com/tp/43918952.html Aish.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111621/https://www.aish.com/tp/43918952.html |date=2019-03-06 }} * [http://www.akhlah.com/tanach/torah/vayikra/parashot-metzorah/ Akhlah: The Jewish Children's Learning Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420022833/http://www.akhlah.com/tanach/torah/vayikra/parashot-metzorah/ |date=2013-04-20 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111347/https://www.alephbeta.org/torah/leviticus/tazria-metzora Aleph Beta Academy] * [http://ziegler.aju.edu/Default.aspx?id=6686 American Jewish University — Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930222512/http://ziegler.aju.edu/Default.aspx?id=6686 |date=2017-09-30 }} * [http://www.anshe.org/parsha/tazria.htm Anshe Emes Synagogue, Los Angeles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101151629/http://www.anshe.org/parsha/tazria.htm |date=2012-11-01 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130727073246/http://arigoldwag.com/pp.html Ari Goldwag] * [http://www.ascentofsafed.com/cgi-bin/search.pl?Terms=metzora&Match=1 Ascent of Safed] * [http://www.biu.ac.il/JH/Parasha/eng/metzora/metzora.shtml Bar-Ilan University] | width="25%" align="top" style="border:0"| * [http://www.chabad.org/parshah/default.asp?AID=15579 Chabad.org] * [http://www.eparsha.com/#drash eparsha.com] * [http://www.g-dcast.com G-dcast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704060351/http://www.g-dcast.com/ |date=2017-07-04 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110514190228/http://www.vbm-torah.org/vayikra.htm The Israel Koschitzky Virtual Beit Midrash] * [http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Jewish+Education/Compelling+Content/Jewish+Time/Jewish+Sources/Iyunum/Parashat+Metzora.htm Jewish Agency for Israel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915015928/http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Jewish+Education/Compelling+Content/Jewish+Time/Jewish+Sources/Iyunum/Parashat+Metzora.htm |date=2012-09-15 }} * [http://www.jtsa.edu/jts-torah-online?search=&genre=&parashah=2075 Jewish Theological Seminary] * [http://www.mechonhadar.org/web/guest/search?p_p_id=3&p_p_action=0&p_p_state=normal&_3_primarySearch=com.liferay.portlet.journal.util.JournalOpenSearchImpl&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=&p_p_col_pos=0&p_p_col_count=0&_3_struts_action=%2Fsearch%2Fsearch&_3_keywords=metzora Mechon Hadar]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.myjewishlearning.com/torah-portions/parashat-metzora/ MyJewishLearning.com] * [http://ohr.edu/yhiy/article.php/2576 Ohr Sameach] * [http://odysseynetworks.org/news/onscripture-whom-do-we-send-outside-the-camp ON Scripture — The Torah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501065952/http://www.odysseynetworks.org/news/onscripture-whom-do-we-send-outside-the-camp |date=2012-05-01 }} * [http://www.ou.org/torah/archive3.htm Orthodox Union] * [http://www.oztorah.com/category/mtzora/ OzTorah — Torah from Australia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100624083451/http://www.netivot-shalom.org.il/eparsha.php Oz Ve Shalom — Netivot Shalom] | width="25%" align="top" style="border:0"| * [https://elmad.pardes.org/topics Pardes from Jerusalem] * [http://www.jameskugel.com/torah-reading-april-18-2015/ Professor James L. Kugel] * [https://mcarasik.wordpress.com/2016/04/12/metzora-5776/ Professor Michael Carasik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518213659/https://mcarasik.wordpress.com/2016/04/12/metzora-5776/ |date=2017-05-18 }} * [http://rabbidovlinzer.blogspot.com/search/label/Parshat%20Metzorah Rabbi Dov Linzer] * [http://rabbiwerbin.blogspot.com/2016/04/metzorah-text-message.html Rabbi Fabian Werbin] * [http://www.rabbisacks.org/?s=metsorah&x=0&y=0 Rabbi Jonathan Sacks] * [http://rabbishimon.com/?p=747 RabbiShimon.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044251/http://rabbishimon.com/?p=747 |date=2019-03-06 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110821085057/http://www.ohrtorahstone.org.il/parsha/index.htm Rabbi Shlomo Riskin] * [http://www.rabbishmuel.com/browse.cgi?type=torah_sermons Rabbi Shmuel Herzfeld] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311000646/http://www.rabbishmuel.com/browse.cgi?type=torah_sermons |date=2013-03-11 }} * [http://www.rabbistan.com/metzora.htm Rabbi Stan Levin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044750/http://www.rabbistan.com/metzora.htm |date=2019-03-06 }} * [https://www.jewishrecon.org/divrei-torah#book-Leviticus Reconstructionist Judaism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227122534/https://www.jewishrecon.org/divrei-torah#book-Leviticus |date=2017-12-27 }} * [http://www.judaic.org/addtl_files/mesor'a.htm Sephardic Institute]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807154141/http://www.judaic.org/addtl_files/mesor%27a.htm |date=2008-08-07 }} * [http://www.shiur.com/index.php?category=Tazria--Metzorah Shiur.com] | width="25%" align="top" style="border:0"| * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110522173456/http://www.613.org/par-vayikra.html#v5 613.org Jewish Torah Audio] * [http://tanach.org/metz.htm Tanach Study Center] * [http://www.teach613.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=48&Itemid=48 Teach613.org, Torah Education at Cherry Hill] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301171631/http://www.teach613.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=48&Itemid=48 |date=2012-03-01 }} * [http://thetorah.com/leviticus/ TheTorah.com] * [http://www.tfdixie.com/parshat/tazria/ Torah from Dixie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305101554/http://www.tfdixie.com/parshat/tazria/ |date=2012-03-05 }} * [http://www.torah.org/learning/parsha/parsha.html?id1=45 Torah.org] * [http://www.torahvort.com/vayikra/metzora/ TorahVort.com] * [http://www.reformjudaism.org/learning/torah-study/mtzora Union for Reform Judaism] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120814081344/http://uscj.org/JewishLivingandLearning/WeeklyParashah/TorahSparks/Archive/Default.aspx United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism] * [http://www.shemayisrael.com/parsha/bonchek/archives/archives.htm What's Bothering Rashi?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825072843/http://www.shemayisrael.com/parsha/bonchek/archives/archives.htm |date=2021-08-25 }} * [http://www.yctorah.org/index.php?option=com_search&Itemid=99999999&searchword=metzora&submit=Search&searchphrase=exact&ordering=newest Yeshivat Chovevei Torah] * [http://www.yutorah.org/ Yeshiva University] {{col-end}} {{Wacaan Torèt Saben Minggu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Metzora (Parsyah)}} [[Kategori:Wacaan Torèt Saben Minggu wulan Nisan]] [[Kategori:Wacaan Torèt Saben Minggu wulan Iyar]] neahp7cz6u12778a0m223mya0jz6rz3 Fang Lizhi 0 185309 1759947 1586591 2026-11-05T17:31:31Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{family name hatnote|[[Fang (marga)|Fang]]|lang=Tionghoa}} {{Infobox person | name = Fang Lizhi | native_name = 方励之 | image = Fang Lizhi (10455498385).jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = 2010 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1936|2|12|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Beijing]], Tiongkok | death_date = {{Death date and age|2012|4|6|1936|2|12|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Tucson, Arizona]], Amerika Sarekat | nationality = | other_names = | known_for = [[Unjuk rasa pelajar Tiongkok 1986|Unjuk rasa pelajar 1986]] | occupation = [[Astrofisika]]wan | alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|[[Perguruan Tinggi No.4 Beijing]]|[[Universitas Peking]]}} | spouse = {{marriage|Li Shuxian|1961|2012}} | module = {{chinese |child=yes|s=方励之|t=方勵之|p=Fāng Lìzhī|mi={{IPAc-cmn|f|ang|1|-|l|i|4|zh|i|1}}}} }} '''Fang Lizhi''' ({{lahirmati|[[Beijing]], Tiongkok|12|2|1936|[[Tucson, Arizona]], Amerika Sarekat|6|4|2012}}) yaiku [[astrofisika]]wan, wakil presidhen [[Universitas Sains lan Teknologi Tiongkok]] lan aktivis Tiongkok sing nduweni gagasan liberal sing menehi inspirasi gerakan pelajar pro-[[demokasi]] taun 1986–87 lan, pungkasane, [[unjuk rasa Lapangan Tiananmen 1989]].<ref>Yam, P. (1994) ''Profile: Fang Lizhi&nbsp;– Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Physics'', [[Scientific American]] '''270'''(5), 39-40.</ref> Amargi kegiatane, ia dimetuke saka [[Parte Komunis Tiongkok]] ing Januari 1987.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/article-preview?article_id=3958|title=Home|website=The New York Review of Books|access-date=April 14, 2016}}</ref> ==Referensi== <!-- this 'empty' section displays references defined elsewhere --> {{Reflist|30em}} ==Pranala jaba== {{Wikiquote}} {{Commons category}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130512023852/http://www.physics.arizona.edu/~fanglz/ Personal Homepage] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120411043726/http://www.physics.arizona.edu/~fanglz/publication/publication.html Scientific Articles of Li-Zhi Fang (Fang Lizhi) Since 1989] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20230325234600/http://fang-lizhi.hxwk.org/ Collection of Articles by Li-Zhi Fang (Fang Lizhi), maintained by his former students] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fang, Lizhi}} [[Kategori:astrofisikawan Tiongkok]] j53nq5c70qfomapd4o90iz35bfdnjs3 Masei 0 185354 1760263 1752821 2026-11-06T10:33:20Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760263 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Encampment of Israelites, Mount Sinai.jpg|jmpl|ka|500px|Perkempingan bangsa Israel, Gunung Sinai (cetakan intaglio taun 1836 dening [[J. M. W. Turner]] saka ''Landscape illustrations of the Bible'')]] '''Masei''', '''Mas'ei''', utawa '''Masse''' ({{Hebrew|מַסְעֵי}} — [[basa Ibrani|Ibrani]] kanggo "lelampahan," tembung kapindho, lan tembung distinsif kapisan, ing parsyah kasebut) yaiku [[Wacaan Torèt Saben Minggu]] ({{Hebrew|פָּרָשָׁה}}, ''parashah'') ka-43 ing siklus [[wacaan Torèt]] [[Yudaisme|Yahudi]] taunan lan ka-10 lan pungkasan ing [[Kitab Wilangan]]. Parsyah kasebut ngeliputi Wilangan 33:1-36:13. Parsyah kasebut ngebahas [[panggonan persinggahan ing sagara wedhi]], dawuh kanggo ngerebut [[tanah Israel]], lan kutha-kutha kanggo [[suku Lewi]] lan [[hak suaka]], lan [[putri-putri Zelafehad]]. == Pranala njaba == {{Wikibooks|The Torah}} [[Barkas:Old book bindings.jpg|150px|ka]] === Teks === * [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0433.htm Masoretic text and 1917 JPS translation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712023810/https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0433.htm |date=2022-07-12 }} * [http://Bible.ort.org/books/torahd5.asp?action=displaypage&book=4&chapter=33&verse=1&portion=43 Hear the parashah chanted] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514220230/http://bible.ort.org/books/torahd5.asp?action=displaypage&book=4&chapter=33&verse=1&portion=43 |date=2011-05-14 }} * [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/ptmp3prq.htm#mp3 Hear the parashah read in Hebrew] === Tafsiran === {{div col|colwidth=22em}} * [http://ajrsem.org/tag/massei/ Academy for Jewish Religion, New York] * [http://www.aish.com/tp/43918877.html Aish.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602040758/http://www.aish.com/tp/43918877.html |date=2012-06-02 }} * [http://www.akhlah.com/tanach/torah/bemidbar/parashot-massey/ Akhlah: The Jewish Children's Learning Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707054922/http://www.akhlah.com/tanach/torah/bemidbar/parashot-massey/ |date=2013-07-07 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180626220448/https://www.alephbeta.org/torah/numbers/matot-masei Aleph Beta Academy] * [http://zieglercontent.aju.edu/default18.aspx?fid=716 American Jewish University — Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.anshe.org/parsha/massei.htm Anshe Emes Synagogue, Los Angeles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616052107/http://www.anshe.org/parsha/massei.htm |date=2017-06-16 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130727073246/http://arigoldwag.com/pp.html Ari Goldwag] * [http://www.ascentofsafed.com/cgi-bin/search.pl?Terms=massey&Match=1 Ascent of Safed] * [http://www.chabad.org/parshah/default.asp?AID=52600 Chabad.org] * [http://www.eparsha.com/#drash eparsha.com] * [http://www.g-dcast.com/masei G-dcast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230112606/http://www.g-dcast.com/masei/ |date=2016-12-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110609193106/http://www.vbm-torah.org/bamidbar.htm The Israel Koschitzky Virtual Beit Midrash] * [http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Jewish+Education/Compelling+Content/Jewish+Time/Jewish+Sources/Iyunum/49.+Parashat+Massei.htm Jewish Agency for Israel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915020840/http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Jewish+Education/Compelling+Content/Jewish+Time/Jewish+Sources/Iyunum/49.+Parashat+Massei.htm |date=2012-09-15 }} * [http://www.jtsa.edu/jts-torah-online?search=&genre=&parashah=2060&holiday=&theme=&series=&author= Jewish Theological Seminary] * [http://www.mechonhadar.org/web/guest/search?p_p_id=3&p_p_action=0&p_p_state=normal&_3_primarySearch=com.liferay.portlet.journal.util.JournalOpenSearchImpl&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=&p_p_col_pos=0&p_p_col_count=0&_3_struts_action=%2Fsearch%2Fsearch&_3_keywords=masei Mechon Hadar]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.mishpacha.com/Browse/Article/1274/Masei-Every-Jew-Is-Important Miriam Aflalo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406113958/http://www.mishpacha.com/Browse/Article/1274/Masei-Every-Jew-Is-Important |date=2012-04-06 }} * [https://www.myjewishlearning.com/torah-portions/parashat-masei/ MyJewishLearning.com] * [http://ohr.edu/yhiy/article.php/2687 Ohr Sameach] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130408101118/http://odysseynetworks.org/ON-Scripture-The-Torah ON Scripture — The Torah] * [http://www.ou.org/torah/archive4.htm Orthodox Union] * [http://www.oztorah.com/category/massei/ OzTorah, Torah from Australia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100624083451/http://www.netivot-shalom.org.il/eparsha.php Oz Ve Shalom — Netivot Shalom] * [https://elmad.pardes.org/topics Pardes from Jerusalem] * [http://www.jameskugel.com/weekly-torah-reading-mattot-masei-august-6-2016/ Professor James L. Kugel] * [https://mcarasik.wordpress.com/2016/08/02/mattot-masei-5776/ Professor Michael Carasik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816195202/https://mcarasik.wordpress.com/2016/08/02/mattot-masei-5776/ |date=2017-08-16 }} * [http://rabbiwerbin.blogspot.com/2014/07/text-message-parashat-masei.html Rabbi Fabian Werbin] * [http://www.rabbisacks.org/?s=Massei&x=0&y=0 Rabbi Jonathan Sacks] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110821085057/http://www.ohrtorahstone.org.il/parsha/index.htm Rabbi Shlomo Riskin] * [http://www.rabbishmuel.com/browse.cgi?type=torah_sermons Rabbi Shmuel Herzfeld] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311000646/http://www.rabbishmuel.com/browse.cgi?type=torah_sermons |date=2013-03-11 }} * [http://www.rabbistan.com/massai.htm Rabbi Stan Levin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228192133/http://www.rabbistan.com/massai.htm |date=2019-02-28 }} * [https://www.jewishrecon.org/divrei-torah#book-Numbers Reconstructionist Judaism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227122534/https://www.jewishrecon.org/divrei-torah#book-Numbers |date=2017-12-27 }} * [http://www.judaicseminar.org/ Sephardic Institute] * [http://www.shiur.com/index.php?category=Matot--Maasei Shiur.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081221023727/http://www.613.org/parasha.html 613.org Jewish Torah Audio] * [http://www.tanach.org/masei.htm Tanach Study Center] * [http://www.teach613.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=60&Itemid=48 Teach613.org, Torah Education at Cherry Hill] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301171647/http://www.teach613.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=60&Itemid=48 |date=2012-03-01 }} * [http://thetorah.com/numbers/ TheTorah.com] * [http://www.tfdixie.com/parshat/mattot/ Torah from Dixie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928055755/http://www.tfdixie.com/parshat/mattot/ |date=2007-09-28 }} * [https://torah.org/parsha/masei/ Torah.org] * [http://www.torahvort.com/bamidbar/masei/ TorahVort.com] * [http://www.reformjudaism.org/learning/torah-study/mas-ei Union for Reform Judaism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301080023/https://reformjudaism.org/learning/torah-study/mas-ei |date=2019-03-01 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120814081344/http://uscj.org/JewishLivingandLearning/WeeklyParashah/TorahSparks/Archive/Default.aspx United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism] * [http://www.shemayisrael.com/parsha/bonchek/archives/archives.htm What's Bothering Rashi?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825072843/http://www.shemayisrael.com/parsha/bonchek/archives/archives.htm |date=2021-08-25 }} * [http://www.yctorah.org/index.php?option=com_search&Itemid=99999999&searchword=masei&submit=Search&searchphrase=exact&ordering=newest Yeshivat Chovevei Torah] * [http://www.yutorah.org/ Yeshiva University] {{div col end}} {{Wacaan Torèt Saben Minggu}} [[Kategori:Wacaan Torèt Saben Minggu wulan Av]] [[Kategori:Wacaan Torèt Saben Minggu wulan Tammuz]] [[Kategori:Wacaan Torèt Saben Minggu saka Kitab Wilangan]] 5hh3zgxcrgag99hbjxh6eph97cx16bs Eikev 0 185467 1759929 1752610 2026-11-05T16:08:22Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|Yaakov}} [[Barkas:Tissot The Golden Calf.jpg|jmpl|ka|350px|''Pedhet Emas'' (werna cair kira-kira taun 1896–1902 dening [[James Tissot]])]] '''Eikev''', '''Ekev''', '''Ekeb''', '''Aikev''', utawa '''Eqeb''' ({{Hebrew|עֵקֶב}} — [[Basa Ibrani|Ibrani]] kanggo "yen [kowe melu]," tembung kapindho, lan [[incipit|tembung distinsif kapisan]] ing parsyah tersebut) yaiku [[Wacaan Torèt Saben Minggu]] ({{Hebrew|פָּרָשָׁה}}, ''parashah'') ka-46 ing siklus [[bacaan Torèt]] [[Yudaisme|Yahudi]] taunan lan katelu ing [[Kitab Andharaning Torèt]]. Wacaan kasebut ngeliputi Andharaning Torèt 7:12-11:25. == Pranala jaba == [[Barkas:Old book bindings.jpg|ka|150px]] === Teks === * [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0507.htm#12 Masoretic text and 1917 JPS translation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426173448/https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0507.htm#12 |date=2022-04-26 }} * [http://Bible.ort.org/books/torahd5.asp?action=displaypage&book=5&chapter=3&verse=23&portion=46 Hear the parashah chanted] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610113300/http://bible.ort.org/books/torahd5.asp?action=displaypage&book=5&chapter=3&verse=23&portion=46 |date=2011-06-10 }} * [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/ptmp3prq.htm#mp3 Hear the parashah read in Hebrew] === Tafsiran === {{col-begin}} | width="25%" align="left" valign="top" style="border:0"| * [http://ajrsem.org/?s=Parashat+Ekev Academy for Jewish Religion, New York] * [http://www.aish.com/tp/43918862.html Aish.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074458/https://www.aish.com/tp/43918862.html |date=2019-03-01 }} * [http://www.akhlah.com/tanach/torah/devarim/parashot-ekev/ Akhlah: The Jewish Children's Learning Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722212046/http://www.akhlah.com/tanach/torah/devarim/parashot-ekev/ |date=2013-07-22 }} * [https://www.alephbeta.org/torah/deuteronomy/eikev Aleph Beta Academy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024427/https://www.alephbeta.org/torah/deuteronomy/eikev |date=2018-07-27 }} * [http://zieglercontent.aju.edu/default18.aspx?fid=719 American Jewish University - Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.anshe.org/parsha/eikev.htm Anshe Emes Synagogue, Los Angeles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101151322/http://www.anshe.org/parsha/eikev.htm |date=2012-11-01 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130727073246/http://arigoldwag.com/pp.html Ari Goldwag] * [http://ascentofsafed.com/cgi-bin/ascent.cgi?Name=nbao-46ekev Ascent of Safed] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120927022031/http://www.biu.ac.il/JH/Parasha/eng/ekev/ekev.shtml Bar-Ilan University] * [http://www.chabad.org/parshah/default.asp?AID=36234 Chabad.org] | width="25%" align="top" style="border:0"| * [http://www.eparsha.com/#drash eparsha.com] * [http://www.g-dcast.com/ekev G-dcast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316064419/http://www.g-dcast.com/ekev |date=2013-03-16 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110903010737/http://www.vbm-torah.org/devarim.htm The Israel Koschitzky Virtual Beit Midrash] * [http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Jewish+Education/Compelling+Content/Jewish+Time/Jewish+Sources/Iyunum/15.+Parashat+Ekev.htm Jewish Agency for Israel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930231831/http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Jewish+Education/Compelling+Content/Jewish+Time/Jewish+Sources/Iyunum/15.+Parashat+Ekev.htm |date=2012-09-30 }} * [http://www.jtsa.edu/jts-torah-online?search=&genre=&parashah=2057 Jewish Theological Seminary] * [http://www.kabbalaonline.org/kabbalah/article_cdo/aid/399488/jewish/Eikev.htm Kabbala Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301135940/https://www.kabbalaonline.org/kabbalah/article_cdo/aid/399488/jewish/Eikev.htm |date=2019-03-01 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131002192306/http://www.mechonhadar.org/search?p_p_id=3&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&_3_struts_action=%2Fsearch%2Fsearch Mechon Hadar] * [http://www.mishpacha.com/Browse/Article/1337/Parshas-Eikev-The-Scream-of-Prayer Miriam Aflalo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725235433/http://www.mishpacha.com/Browse/Article/1337/Parshas-Eikev-The-Scream-of-Prayer |date=2013-07-25 }} * [https://www.myjewishlearning.com/torah-portions/parashat-eikev/ MyJewishLearning.com] * [http://ohr.edu/yhiy/article.php/2708 Ohr Sameach] * [http://www.ou.org/torah/archive5.htm Orthodox Union] * [http://www.oztorah.com/category/ekev/ OzTorah, Torah from Australia] | width="25%" align="top" style="border:0"| * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100624083451/http://www.netivot-shalom.org.il/eparsha.php Oz Ve Shalom — Netivot Shalom] * [https://elmad.pardes.org/topics Pardes from Jerusalem] * [http://www.jameskugel.com/weekly-torah-reading-ekev-august-27-2016/ Professor James L. Kugel] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170803181013/https://mcarasik.wordpress.com/2016/08/23/ekev-5776/ Professor Michael Carasik] * [http://library.constantcontact.com/download/get/file/1101152783508-620/Ekev+2012.pdf Rabbi Dov Linzer] * [http://www.rabbisacks.org/?s=ekev&x=7&y=11 Rabbi Jonathan Sacks] * [http://rabbishimon.com/?s=ekev RabbiShimon.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228192109/http://rabbishimon.com/?s=ekev |date=2019-02-28 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110821085057/http://www.ohrtorahstone.org.il/parsha/index.htm Rabbi Shlomo Riskin] * [http://www.rabbishmuel.com/browse.cgi?type=torah_sermons Rabbi Shmuel Herzfeld] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311000646/http://www.rabbishmuel.com/browse.cgi?type=torah_sermons |date=2013-03-11 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170430093402/http://rabbistan.com/ekev.htm Rabbi Stan Levin] * [https://www.jewishrecon.org/divrei-torah#book-Deuteronomy Reconstructionist Judaism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227122534/https://www.jewishrecon.org/divrei-torah#book-Deuteronomy |date=2017-12-27 }} * [http://www.judaicseminar.org/ Sephardic Institute] * [http://www.shiur.com/index.php?category=Ekev Shiur.com] | width="25%" align="top" style="border:0"| * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110927042013/http://www.613.org/par-dev.html#d3 613.org Jewish Torah Audio] * [http://www.tanach.org/ekev.htm Tanach Study Center] * [http://www.teach613.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=261&Itemid=48 Teach613.org, Torah Education at Cherry Hill] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330180809/http://www.teach613.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=261&Itemid=48 |date=2012-03-30 }} * [http://thetorah.com/Deuteronomy/ TheTorah.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323083013/http://thetorah.com/Deuteronomy/ |date=2019-03-23 }} * [http://www.tfdixie.com/parshat/eikev/ Torah from Dixie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411002729/http://www.tfdixie.com/parshat/eikev/ |date=2022-04-11 }} * [https://torah.org/parsha/eikev/ Torah.org] * [http://www.torahvort.com/devarim/eikev/ TorahVort.com] * [http://www.reformjudaism.org/learning/torah-study/eikev Union for Reform Judaism] * [http://www.uscj.org/JewishLivingandLearning/WeeklyParashah/TorahSparks/Archive/Default.aspx United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814081344/http://uscj.org/JewishLivingandLearning/WeeklyParashah/TorahSparks/Archive/Default.aspx |date=2012-08-14 }} * [http://www.shemayisrael.com/parsha/bonchek/archives/archives.htm What's Bothering Rashi?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825072843/http://www.shemayisrael.com/parsha/bonchek/archives/archives.htm |date=2021-08-25 }} * [http://www.yctorah.org/index.php?option=com_search&Itemid=99999999&searchword=ekev&submit=Search&searchphrase=any&ordering=newest Yeshivat Chovevei Torah] * [http://www.yutorah.org/ Yeshiva University] {{col-end}} {{Wacaan Torèt Saben Minggu}} [[Kategori:Wacaan Torèt Saben Minggu wulan Av]] [[Kategori:Wacaan Torèt Saben Minggu saka Kitab Andharaning Torèt]] pcivh7fmjkzg8tm89udvyox136ztwgk Eparki Paris (Grikenlan Ukraina) 0 185560 1759943 1748793 2026-11-05T16:52:36Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Eparki | name = Santo Vladimir-Le-Grand de Paris | latin = Eparchia Sancti Vladimiri Magni in urbe Parisiensi pro Ucrainis ritus Byzantini | local = Diocèse de Saint-Vladimir-le-Grand de Paris | image = P1090214 Paris VI cathédrale St-Vladimir-le-Grand rwk.JPG | image_size = 230px | image_alt = | caption = [[Katedral St. Vladimir, Paris|Katedral St. Vladimir]] | coat = <!-- Coat of arms file name (excluding File: prefix) --> | coat_size = | coat_alt = | flag = <!-- Flag file name (excluding File: prefix) --> | flag_size = | flag_alt = <!---- Locations ----> | country = {{flag|Prancis}} | territory = | province = <!-- Ecclesiastical province --> | metropolitan = Gumantung marang Tahta Suci | archdeaconries = | deaneries = | subdivisions = | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = <!-- Area in square kilometers, automatically converted --> | area_sqmi = <!-- Area in square miles, automatically converted --> | area_footnotes = | population = | population_as_of = 2013 | catholics = 25,400 | catholics_percent = | parishes = 16 | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Greja Katulik Grikenlan Ukraina]] | sui_iuris_church = [[Greja Katulik Grikenlan Ukraina]] | rite = [[Ritus Bizantium]] | established = 22 Juli 1960 | cathedral = [[Katedral St. Vladimir, Paris|Katedral St. Vladimir ing Paris]] | cocathedral = | patron = <!-- Patron saint(s) of the diocese (or archdiocese) --> | patron_title = <!-- Use to override the default label "Patron saint" --> | priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> | patriarch = | major_archbishop = [[Sviatoslav Shevchuk]] | bishop = [[Borys Gudziak]] | bishop_title = <!-- Type of ordinary: i.e. Bishop or Archbishop. Default is Bishop --> | metro_archbishop = <!-- Name of the Metropolitan Archbishop of the Ecclesiastical Province --> | coadjutor = | suffragans = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration); use | suffragan = for one --> | auxiliary_bishops = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration) --> | apostolic_admin = | vicar_general = | episcopal_vicar = | archdeacons = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of first collation); use | archdeacon = for one--> | emeritus_bishops = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration) --> <!---- Map ----> | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = | footnotes = }} '''Eparki Katulik Ukraina Santo Vladimir Agung Paris''' ({{lang-fr|Éparchie Saint Vladimir le Grand de Paris des Ukrainiens}}) yaiku [[eparki]] (kabiskopan) kanggo [[Greja Katulik Grikenlan Ukraina|umat Katulik Grikenlan Ukraina]], sing nerapke [[Ritus Bizantium]] ber[[basa Ukraina]] ing [[Prancis]], [[Belgia]], [[Luksemburg]], [[Walanda]] lan [[Switserlan]]. Tahta katedrale menika [[Cathédrale Saint-Volodymyr-le-Grand]] ing [[Paris]]. == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220328060424/https://ugcc.fr/ Official website of the Eparchy] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/fran2.htm GCatholic.org information] {{coord|48|51|17|N|2|19|51|E|region:FR_type:landmark_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}} [[Kategori:Eparki Katulik Grikenlan Ukraina|Paris]] 0awul5rcgjari90x3g4vk6v2r8zf80k Kabiskopan Fossano 0 186001 1760101 1699501 2026-11-06T01:57:40Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --> | name = Fossano | latin = Dioecesis Fossanensis | local = <!-- Name in the native language --> | image = Fossano cattedrale.jpg | image_size = 255px | image_alt = | caption = Katedral [[Fossano]] <!---- Locations ----> | country = Itali | metropolitan = | territory = | province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Torino|Torino]] | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = 275 | population = 41,730 | population_as_of = 2016 | catholics = 38,900 (kira-kira)<!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese --> | catholics_percent = 93.2 | parishes = 33<!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Greja Katulik]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = 15 April 1592 | cathedral = Cattedrale-Basilica di S. Maria e S. Giovenale | cocathedral = | patron = | priests = 37 (diosesan)<br />17 (Ordo Relijius)<br />4 Deakon Permanen<!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> | bishop_title = Biskop | bishop = Piero Delbosco | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = | vicar_general = | emeritus_bishops = <!---- Map ----> | map = Roman Catholic Diocese of Fossano in Italy.svg | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://www.diocesifossano.org/ Diocesi di Fossano] {{it}} | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Fossano''' ({{lang-la|Dioecesis Fossanensis}}) ana ing [[Piedmont]], [[Provinsi Cuneo]]. Kabiskopan kasebut menika [[suffragan]] saka [[Kabiskopan Agung Torino]].<ref name=CathHierFossano>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dfoss.html "Diocese of Fossano"] ''[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 9, 2016.</ref><ref name=GCathFossano>[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/foss0.htm "Diocese of Fossano"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104003012/http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/foss0.htm |date=2014-11-04 }} ''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved March 9, 2016.</ref> == Deleng uga == * ''[[In persona episcopi]]'' == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pratelan pustaka == === Pratelan episkopal === * {{cite book|last=Gams|first=Pius Bonifatius |title=Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae: quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro apostolo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=os9DAQAAMAAJ|year=1873|publisher=Typis et Sumptibus Georgii Josephi Manz|location=Ratisbon}} * {{cite book|last1=Gauchat|first1=Patritius (Patrice)|title=Hierarchia catholica|volume=Tomus IV (1592-1667)|date=1935|publisher=Libraria Regensbergiana|location=Münster|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol04eubeuoft|accessdate=2016-07-06}} (in Latin) * {{cite book|last1=Ritzler|first1=Remigius|last2=Sefrin|first2=Pirminus|title=Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi V (1667-1730)|date=1952|publisher=Messagero di S. Antonio|location=Patavii|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol05eubeuoft|accessdate=2016-07-06}} * {{cite book|last1=Ritzler|first1=Remigius|last2=Sefrin|first2=Pirminus|title=Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi|volume=Tomus VI (1730-1799)|date=1958|publisher=Messagero di S. Antonio|location=Patavii|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol06eubeuoft|accessdate=2016-07-06}} (in Latin) * {{cite book|last1=Ritzler|first1=Remigius|last2=Sefrin|first2=Pirminus|title=Hierarchia Catholica medii et recentioris aevi sive summorum pontificum, S. R. E. cardinalium, ecclesiarum antistitum series... A pontificatu Pii PP. VII (1800) usque ad pontificatum Gregorii PP. XVI (1846)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pgyItwAACAAJ|volume=Volume VII|year=1968|publisher=Libr. Regensburgiana|location=Monasterii|language=Latin}} * {{cite book|author1=Remigius Ritzler|author2=Pirminus Sefrin|title=Hierarchia catholica Medii et recentioris aevi... A Pontificatu PII PP. IX (1846) usque ad Pontificatum Leonis PP. XIII (1903)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5oXUjwEACAAJ|year=1978|volume=Volume VIII|publisher=Il Messaggero di S. Antonio|language=Latin}} * {{cite book|last= Pięta|first=Zenon|title=Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi... A pontificatu Pii PP. X (1903) usque ad pontificatum Benedictii PP. XV (1922)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXuJQwAACAAJ|volume=Volume IX|year=2002|publisher=Messagero di San Antonio|location=Padua|language=Latin|isbn=978-88-250-1000-8}} === Kajian === * {{cite book|last=Cappelletti|first=Giuseppe |title=Le chiese d'Italia: dalla loro origine sino ai nostri giorni |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GaBhAAAAIAAJ|volume=Volume decimoquarto (14)|year=1858|publisher=G. Antonelli|location=Venice|language=Italian|pages=281-286}} * {{cite book|editor=Manno, Antonio|title=Biblioteca storica italiana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7x4RAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA325|volume=Volume quinto|year=1893|publisher=Fratelli Bocca|location=Torino|language=Italian|pages=321–337}} * {{cite book|editor=Moroni, Gaetano|title=Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEBzy79OKDEC&pg=PA17|volume=Vol. XXVI|year=1844|publisher=Tipografia Emiliana|location=Venezia|language=Italian|pages=16–18}} * {{cite book|last=Muratori|first=Giuseppe Enrico|title=Memorie storiche della città di Fossano|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H7701F_omcoC&pg=PA128|year=1787|publisher=Giammichele Briolo|location=Torino|language=Italian|pages=128–131}} * {{cite book|last1=Ughelli|first1=Ferdinando |last2=Coleti|first2=Niccolo|title=Italia sacra, sive de episcopis Italiae et insularum adjacentium|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UCASRnPqA0QC|edition=2nd|volume=Tomus quartus (4)|year=1719|publisher=Apud Sebastianum Coleti|location=Venice|language=Latin|pages=1079–1084}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dfoss.html ''Catholic Hierarchy'' page] * {{it icon}} [http://www.diocesifossano.it/ Official page] {{Kabiskopan ing Itali}} {{coord|44.5500|N|7.7333|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IT|display=title}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Itali|Fossano]] [[Kategori:Fossano]] 372utcf3utraujb4rv3s4jco7t76oyw Kabiskopan San Diego 0 187239 1760106 1613360 2026-11-06T02:38:22Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --> | name = San Diego | latin = Dioecesis Sancti Didaci | local = Diócesis de San Diego | image = Roman Catholic Diocese of San Diego.svg | image_size = 175px | image_alt = | caption = <!---- Locations ----> | country = Amerika Sarekat | metropolitan = [[San Diego]], [[California]] | territory = [[San Diego County, California|San Diego]], [[Imperial County, California|Imperial]] | province = Provinsi Los Angeles | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = <!-- Area in square kilometers, automatically converted --> | population = | population_as_of = | catholics = 1,002,223<ref name="diocese-sdiego.org">{{Cite web |url=http://www.diocese-sdiego.org/en-us/diocese/aboutus/censusinformation.aspx |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2018-12-19 |archive-date=2014-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615043944/http://www.diocese-sdiego.org/en-us/diocese/aboutus/censusinformation.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese --> | catholics_percent = | parishes = 98 <!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = 89 <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Katulik Roma]] | sui_iuris_church = [[Greja Latin]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = 11 Juli 1936<ref name=DSD>{{cite web | url=http://www.diocese-sdiego.org/set.asp?link=statistics.htm&in=About | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030411081737/http://www.diocese-sdiego.org/set.asp?link=statistics.htm&in=About | url-status=dead | archive-date=2003-04-11 | title=Diocese of San Diego, Statistical Overview | accessdate=2009-12-31 }}</ref> | cathedral = [[Katedral Santo Yosef, San Diego|Katedral Santo Yosef]] | cocathedral = | patron = [[Didakus saka Alcalá|St. Didakus saka Alcalá]] | priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> | bishop = [[Robertus W. McElroy]] | metro_archbishop = | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = {{ubl|[[John Patrick Dolan]]|[[Ramon Bejarano]]}} | vicar_general = [[John Patrick Dolan]] | emeritus_bishops = [[Robert Henry Brom]] <!---- Map ----> | map = Diocese of San Diego map 1.png | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://www.diocese-sdiego.org/ diocese-sdiego.org] }} '''Kabiskopan San Diego''' yaiku [[greja partikuler]] saka [[Greja Latin]] saka [[Greja Katulik Roma]] ing wilayah kulon [[Amerika Sarekat]]. Wilayah grejawine ngeliputi kabeh [[San Diego County, California|San Diego]] lan [[Imperial County, California|Imperial]] ing [[California Kidul]], karo populasi Katulik cacahing kira-kira 1 yuta.<ref name="diocese-sdiego.org">{{Cite web |url=http://www.diocese-sdiego.org/en-us/diocese/aboutus/censusinformation.aspx |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615043944/http://www.diocese-sdiego.org/en-us/diocese/aboutus/censusinformation.aspx |archive-date=2014-06-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kabiskopan kasebut menika sufragan saka [[Kabiskopan Agung Los Angeles]]. == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pranala jaba == * [http://www.sdcatholic.org/ Roman Catholic Diocese of San Diego] official website * [http://www.sandiegovocations.org/ San Diego Office for Vocations] * [http://www.yamsd.org/ San Diego Young Adult Ministries] * [http://ccdsd.org/ Catholic Charities, Diocese of San Diego] {{coord|32.7667|N|117.1330|W|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{Kabiskopan ing Amérika Sarékat}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Amérika Sarékat|San Diego]] s741kt17wf8ic4vbmi12rg1tzkru8ls Kabiskopan Bridgeport 0 187268 1760098 1699003 2026-11-06T01:46:54Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --> | name = Bridgeport | latin = Dioecesis Bridgeportensis | local = <!-- Name in the native language --> | image = Diocese of Bridgeport-TF.svg | image_size = 175px | image_alt = | caption = <!---- Locations ----> | country = {{flag|Amerika Sarekat}} | metropolitan = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]], [[Connecticut]] | territory = [[Fairfield County, Connecticut]] | province = Provinsi Hartford | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Katulik Roma]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = 6 Agustus 1953 | cathedral = [[Katedral Santo Agustinus ing Bridgeport|Katedral Santo Agustinus]] | cocathedral = | patron = [[Santo Agustinus]] | priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_sqmi = 626 <!-- Area in square miles, automatically converted --> <ref name="CH.orgDoB">[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dbrid.html], "Diocese of Bridgeport" page from the [[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]] database, accessed June 10, 2018.</ref> | population = 939,904 <ref name="CH.orgDoB" /> | population_as_of = 2015 | catholics = 420,000<!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese --> <ref name="CH.orgDoB" /> | catholics_percent = 44.7 <ref name="CH.orgDoB" /> | parishes = 82 <!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> <ref name="CH.orgDoB" /> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = 38 <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> | bishop = [[Frank J. Caggiano]] | metro_archbishop = [[Leonard Paul Blair]]<br /> Biskop Agung Hartford | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = | vicar_general = Thomas W. Powers | emeritus_bishops = <!---- Map ----> | map = Diocese of Bridgeport map 1.png | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://www.bridgeportdiocese.com bridgeportdiocese.com] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Bridgeport''' ana ing bagean kulon kidul saka praja [[Connecticut]], lan watese padha karo [[Fairfield County, Connecticut]]. Ana 82 paroki ing kabiskopan kasebut. == Referensi == <references /> == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.bridgeportdiocese.com Diocesan website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160218174130/http://bridgeportdiocese.com/fcc.shtml ''Fairfield County Catholic''], the official diocesan newspaper * [http://www.saintjohnfisher.org/ St. John Fisher Seminary], the diocese seminary {{kabiskopan ing Amérika Sarékat}} {{coord|41|12|42|N|73|12|55|W|source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}} [[Kategori:Fairfield County, Connecticut]] [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Amérika Sarékat|Bridgeport]] g6jj1egrr9zuphku4q9dj1u253vrx46 Eparki Phoenix 0 187324 1759944 1755136 2026-11-05T16:52:54Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Eparki<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese --> | name = Pangayoman Suci Maria saka Phoenix | latin = Eparchia Sanctae Mariae a Patrocinio in urbe Phoenicensi | image = Phoenix - Saint Stephen Byzantine Catholic Cathedral - 2.jpg | caption = Katedral Santo Stefanus ing Phoenix <!---- Locations ----> | country = [[Amerika Sarekat]] | metropolitan = [[William C. Skurla]] | sui_iuris_church = [[Eparki Agung Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]] | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = <!-- Area in square kilometers, automatically converted --> | population = | population_as_of = 2010 | catholics = 2,561<!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese --> | catholics_percent = | parishes = 19 | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Greja Katulik Grikenlan Ruthenia]] | rite = [[Ritus Bizatium]] | established = 3 Desember 1981 ({{age|1981|12|3}} taun kepungkur) | cathedral = [[Katedral Santo Stefanus (Phoenix, Arizona)|Katedral Santo Stefanus]] | cocathedral = [[Proto Katedral Dewi Maria (Sherman Oaks, California)|Proto Katedral Dewi Maria]] | patron = Pangayoman Suci Maria | priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} | bishop_title = Biskop | bishop = [[John Stephen Pažak]], [[C.SS.R.]] | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = | apostolic_admin = [[Thomas James Olmsted]] | vicar_general = Stefanus Washko | emeritus_bishops = <!---- Map ----> | map = Eparchy of Phoenix map.png | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://www.eparchyofphoenix.org/ www.eparchyofphoenix.org] | footnotes = }} [[Barkas:Cathedral of St. Mary Byzantine Catholic Church.JPG|jmpl|235px|Proto Katedral Dewi Maria ing Van Nuys, California]] '''Eparki Katulik Bizantium Pangayoman Suci Maria Phoenix''' (sadurunge diarani minangka '''Eparki Katulik Bizantium Van Nuys''') ({{lang-la|Eparchia Vannaisensis}}) yaiku [[eparki]] ([[kabiskopan]]) [[Greja Katulik]] sing nyambut gawe sabagean gedhe umat [[Greja Katulik Grikenlan Rutheria]] ing kulon [[Amerika Sarekat]]. Markas gedhene ana ing 8105 North 16th Street, [[Phoenix, Arizona]]. == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pratelan pustaka == * {{cite book | author=Byzantine Catholic Metropolia of Pittsburgh | title=Byzantine-Ruthenian Metropolitan Church of Pittsburgh Directory | location=Pittsburgh | publisher=Byzantine Catholic Metropolitan Church of Pittsburgh | year=1999 | id=ISBN none}} * {{cite book | author=Magocsi, Paul Robert and Ivan Pop | title=Encyclopedia of Rusyn History and Culture| url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofru0000mago | location=Toronto | publisher=University of Toronto Press | year=2005 | isbn=0-8020-3566-3}} == Pranala njaba == ;Eparki Phoenix * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220517091829/https://eparchyofphoenix.org/ Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Phoenix Official Site] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dvnru.html Eparchy of Van Nuys (Ruthenian)] at catholic-hierarchy.org * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dhpmp.html Eparchy of Phoenix (Ruthenian)] at catholic-hierarchy.org * [http://www.saslo.org/ Saint Anne Catholic Church of the Byzantine Rite] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611042837/http://saslo.org/ |date=2017-06-11 }}, a parish of the Eparchy of Phoenix in [[San Luis Obispo, California]] * [http://www.stbasil.org/ St. Basil the Great Parish], a parish of the Eparchy of Phoenix in [[Los Gatos, California]] ;Liyane * [http://www.archeparchy.org/ The Archeparchy of Pittsburgh] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716062352/http://www.archeparchy.org/page/metropolia/metropolia.htm Metropolia of Pittsburgh] * [http://www.byzcath.org Byzantine Catholic Church in America] {{Kabiskopan ing Amérika Sarékat}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan Katulik Wétan ing Amérika Sarékat|Phoenix]] [[Kategori:Eparki Katulik Ruthenia|Phoenix]] iutxq3orpglepp1sjx652pldeo9myu9 Kabiskopan Joliette 0 187410 1760103 1701866 2026-11-06T02:11:27Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --> | name = Joliette | latin = Dioecesis Ioliettensis | local = <!-- Name in the native language --> | image = | image_size = frameless | image_alt = | caption = <!---- Locations ----> | country = {{flag|Kanadha}} | metropolitan = | territory = | province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Montreal]] | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = <!-- Area in square kilometers, automatically converted --> | population = 285,500<ref name="annuario">''Annuario Pontificio per l'anno 2017'' (Città del Vaticano: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2017), 336.</ref> | population_as_of = | catholics = 257,420<ref name="annuario" /><!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese --> | catholics_percent = 90.2 | parishes = 23<!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Greja Katulik]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = 27 Januari 1904 | cathedral = [[Katedral Santo Karolus Boromeus, Joliette]] | cocathedral = | patron = | priests = 45<!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> | bishop = [[Louis Corriveau]] | metro_archbishop = | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = | vicar_general = | emeritus_bishops = <!---- Map ----> | map = | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://www.diocesedejoliette.org/ diocesedejoliette.org] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Joliette''' ({{lang-la|Dioecesis Ioliettensis}}) (didegake ing 27 Januari 1904) yaiku suffragan ing [[Joliette]] saka [[Kabiskopan Agung Montréal]]. == Pimpinan == * Joseph Alfred Archambault (1904–1913) * Joseph-Guillaume-Laurent Forbes (1913–1928) * Joseph Arthur Papineau (1928–1968) * René Audet (1968–1990) * Gilles Lussier (1991–2015) * Raymond Poisson (2015-2018) * [[Louis Corriveau]] (sawise 2019) ==Réferènsi == {{reflist}} === Pratélan pustaka === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220522143829/http://diocesedejoliette.org/ Diocese of Joliette site] (in French) * {{cite web|title = Diocese of Joliette|work=Catholic-Hierarchy|url =http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/djolq.html|accessdate=2007-03-13}} == Pranala njaba == {{Wikisource1913CatholicEnc|Joliette}} {{coord|46.0269|N|73.4377|W|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{Kabiskopan ing Kanadha}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Kanadha|Joliette]] [[Kategori:Joliette]] [[Kategori:Organisasi Kristen sing didegaké taun 1904]] kgc0lrle2zhq8j3ji04asay2959m1wd Gina-Maria Schumacher 0 187782 1759977 1712362 2026-11-05T19:39:49Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Gina-Maria Schumacher | image =Verleihung des Staatspreises des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen an Michael Schumacher-0381-2.jpg | alt = | caption =Gina-Maria Schumacher, 2022 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1997|02|20}} | birth_place = [[Jerman]] | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = | other_names = | occupation = Atlet [[berkuda]] | years_active = | known_for = Putri sulung [[Michael Schumacher]] | notable_works = | parents = Michael Schumacher (ayah){{br}}[[Corinna Schumacher]] (ibu) | relatives = [[Mick Schumacher]] (adik){{br}}[[David Schumacher]] (sepupu) }} '''Gina-Maria Schumacher''' (lair [[20 Fèbruari]] [[1997]]) ya iku juru tunggang jaran [[Jerman]]. Dhèwèké minangka anak mbarep saka juara dunia [[Formula Siji]] kaping pitu [[Michael Schumacher]] lan [[Corinna Schumacher|Corinna]].<ref>[https://sport.tempo.co/read/1034617/gina-maria-schumacher-putri-jawara-f1-yang-piawai-pacuan-kuda Gina Maria Schumacher, Putri Jawara F1 yang Piawai Pacuan Kuda]. Tempo.co. Diakses 1 Maret 2019.</ref> Dhèwèké uga sedulur tuwa saka [[Mick Schumacher]]. Nalika isih cilik, Gina-Maria diwulang kanggo nyoba balap kart dening bapake. Nanging ing sisih liya, Gina-Maria uga seneng nunggang jaran amarga ibune nalika isih enom uga melu nunggang jaran.<ref>[https://sports.sindonews.com/read/1323092/53/gina-maria-schumacher-pewaris-bakat-sang-maestro-1531971666 Gina-Maria Schumacher Pewaris Bakat Sang Maestro]. Sindo News. Diakses 1 Maret 2019.</ref> Bakat Gina-Maria banjur nggawa dhèwèké menyang donya ekuestrian Barat, dhèwèké menang medali emas ing FEI World Reining Championships ing Agustus 2017.<ref name=ginainjury>[https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/latest-news/751192/Gina-Maria-Schumacher-Michael-Schumacher-daughter-injury Gina-Maria Schumacher: Who is Michael Schumacher’s daughter? What she said about injury] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324114924/https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/latest-news/751192/Gina-Maria-Schumacher-Michael-Schumacher-daughter-injury |date=2019-03-24 }}. Daily Star. Diakses 1 Maret 2019.</ref> Ing Februari 2018, dhèwèké menang medali emas ing Cavalli minangka rookie saka National Reining Horse Association.<ref name=ginainjury /> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * [https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Athlete/Gina-Maria-Schumacher-1702193563404031/ Gina-Maria Schumacher] di [[Facebook]] * {{Instagram|gina_schumacher}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Schumacher, Gina-Maria}} [[Kategori:Lair 1997]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Artikel mawa basa krama]] i60igxxp8kecpz6xdgfjuy2x71r0l2v Kabiskopan Agung Lublin 0 187947 1760093 1591295 2026-11-06T01:22:06Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese |jurisdiction = Kabiskopan Agung |name = Lublin |latin = Archidioecesis Lublinensis |local = Archidiecezja Lubelska |image = PL Lublin Katedra1.jpg |image_size = 250px |image_alt = |caption = Katedral Santo Yohanes Pambaptis, [[Lublin]] <!---- Locations ----> |country = [[Polandia]] |rite = [[Ritus Latin]] |established = 22 September 1805<br><small>(minangka Kabiskopan Lublin)</small><br>25 Maret 1992<br><small>(minangka Kabiskopan Agung Lublin) |cathedral = Archikatedra św. Jana Chrzciciela<br>Katedral Santo Yohanes Pambaptis, [[Lublin]] |cocathedral = |area_km2 = 9,108 |population = 1,132,984 |population_as_of = 2013 |catholics = 1,024,394 |catholics_percent= 90.4 |pope = {{Incumbent pope}} |metro_archbishop = [[Stanisław Budzik]] |coadjutor = |auxiliary_bishops= [[Adam Piotr Bab]]<br>[[Artur Grzegorz Miziński]]<br>[[Józef Wróbel]], [[S.C.I.]] |emeritus_bishops = [[Mieczysław Cisło]]<br>[[Ryszard Karpiński]] <!---- Map ----> | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://diecezja.lublin.pl/ Situs Web Kabiskopan Agung] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Agung Lublin''' ({{lang-la|Lublinen(sis)}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan agung]] sing ana ing kutha [[Lublin]], [[Polen]]. == Riwayat == * 1375: Didegake minangka Kabiskopan Chełm * 1790: Ganti jeneng dadi Kabiskopan Chełm kan Lublin * 22 September 1805: Ganti jeneng dadi Kabiskopan Lublin * 25 Maret 1992: Dipromosike dadi Kabiskopan Agung Metropolitan Lublin == Kabiskopan Suffragan == * [[Kabiskopan Sandomierz|Sandomierz]] * [[Kabiskopan Siedlce|Siedlce]] == Sumber == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/lubl0.htm GCatholic.org] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dlubl.html Catholic Hierarchy] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200521192354/http://www.kuria.lublin.pl/ Diocese website] {{coord|51|14|N|22|34|E|source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lublin}} {{Katulik-stub}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Polen]] [[Kategori:Lublin]] 882d69164t3cqjd9b1ciimvqpz47gmo Kabiskopan Ełk 0 187965 1760100 1721252 2026-11-06T01:56:17Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese |jurisdiction = Kabiskopan |name = Ełk |latin = Dioecesis Liccanensis |local = Diecezja Ełcka |image = Ełk Katedra Św. Wojciecha 002.jpg |image_size = frameless |caption = Katedral Ełk |country = {{flag|Polen}} |metropolitan = [[Kabiskopan Agung Warmia|Warmia]] |province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Warmia|Warmia]] |established = 25 Maret 1992 |rite = [[Ritus Latin]] |cathedral = Katedra św. Wojciecha |cocathedral = Konkatedra NMP Matki Kościoła, [[Gołdap]] <br>& Konkatedra św. Aleksandra, [[Suwałki]] |area_km2 = 11,000 |population = 447,100 |population_as_of = 2013 |catholics = 410,150 |catholics_percent= 91.7 |pope = {{Incumbent pope}} |bishop = [[Jerzy Mazur]], [[S.V.D.]] |metro_archbishop = [[Józef Górzyński]] |coadjutor = |auxiliary_bishops= |website = [http://diecezjaelk.pl/ Situs Web Kabiskopan] }} '''Kabiskopan Ełk''' ({{lang-la|Liccanen(sis)}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan]] sing ana ing kutha [[Ełk]], [[provinsi grejawi]] [[Kabiskopan Agung Warmia|Warmia]], [[Polen]]. == Riwayat == * 25 Maret 1992: Didegake minangka Kabiskopan Ełk saka [[Kabiskopan Łomża]] lan Kabiskopan Warmia == Sumber == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/elkz0.htm GCatholic.org] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/delkp.html Catholic Hierarchy] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220307105710/http://diecezja.elk.pl/ Diocese website] {{coord|53.820359|22.354720|format=dms|display=title|type:landmark}} {{kabiskopan ing Polen}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Elk}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Polen]] 1m5l98cfjk9xz5p7utloy86z4a957jm Kabiskopan Zamość-Lubaczów 0 187966 1760111 1758843 2026-11-06T02:52:03Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese |jurisdiction = Kabiskopan |name = Zamość-Lubaczów |latin = Dioecesis Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis | local = Diecezja Zamojsko-Lubaczowska | image = Katedra Zamosc 2013.JPG | image_size = 250px | image_alt = |caption = Katedral Kebangkitan lan Santo Tomas Rasul ing [[Zamość]] |province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Przemyśl|Przemyśl]] |country = [[Polen]] |metropolitan = [[Kabiskopan Agung Przemyśl]] |established = 3 Juni 1991 |rite = [[Ritus Latin]] |cathedral = Katedra Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego<br> i św. Tomasza Apostoła, Zamość | cocathedral = Konkatedra św. Stanisława, Lubaczów |area_km2 = 8,144 |population = 487,881 |population_as_of = 2010 |catholics = 473,946 |catholics_percent= 97.1 |pope = {{Incumbent pope}} |bishop = [[Marian Rojek]] |metro_archbishop = [[Adam Szal]] |coadjutor = |auxiliary_bishops= Mariusz Leszczyński |emeritus_bishops = Jan Śrutwa |website = [http://www.diecezja.zamojskolubaczowska.pl/ Situs Web Kabiskopan] }} '''Kabiskopan Zamość-Lubaczów''' ({{lang-la|Zamoscien(sis) – Lubaczovien(sis)}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan]] Latin [[suffragan]] ing [[provinsi grejawi]] [[Kabiskopan Agung Przemyśl|Przemyśl]], [[Polen]]. Tahta episkopal [[katedral]]e menika Katedra Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego i św. Tomasza Apostoła ing kutha [[Zamość]], [[Lubelskie]]. == Sumber lan pranala njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241130072610/http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/zalu0.htm GCatholic.org - data fro all sections] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dzalu.html Catholic Hierarchy] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180307051802/http://zamosc.opoka.org.pl/ Diocese website] {{coord|50.716518|23.250406|format=dms|display=title|type:landmark}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zamosc-Lubaczow, Kabiskopan}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Polen]] ci4a6n4fp7jhvrt6bss4ugokde7hrn1 Kabiskopan Tarnów 0 187976 1760107 1591348 2026-11-06T02:45:50Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese |jurisdiction = Kabiskopan |name = Tarnów |latin = Dioecesis Tarnoviensis |local = Diecezja Tarnowska |image = KatedraNarodzeniaNMP-POL, Tarnów.jpg |image_size = 250px |caption = Basilika Katedral Kelairan Dewi Maria ing [[Tarnów]] |country = [[Polen]] |metropolitan = [[Kabiskopan Agung Kraków|Kraków]]<ref>[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/tarn0.htm GCatholic.org]</ref> |rite = [[Ritus Latin]] |cathedral = [[Bazylika katedralna Narodzenia NMP w Tarnowie]] |area_km2 = 7566 |founded = 1783<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14458b.htm Tarnów] - [[Catholic Encyclopedia]] article</ref> |population = 1,097,279 |population_as_of = 2014 |catholics = 1,091,829 |catholics_percent= 99.5 |pope = {{Incumbent pope}} |bishop = [[Andrzej Jeż]]<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dtarn.html Catholic Hierarchy]</ref> |metro_archbishop = [[Marek Jędraszewski]] |coadjutor = |auxiliary_bishops= [[Wiesław Lechowicz]]<br>[[Stanisław Salaterski]]<br>[[Leszek Leszkiewicz]] |emeritus_bishops = [[Władysław Bobowski]] }} '''Kabiskopan [[Tarnów]]''' yaiku kabiskopan [[Katulik Roma]] ing [[Polen]]. Miturut statistik Greja, kabiskopan kasebut menika kabiskopan paling relijius ing Polen, karo 72.5% hadirin Misa mingguan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://goscniedzielny.wiara.pl/index.php?grupa=6&art=1184589442&dzi=1104785534&katg= |title=Tygodnik Katolicki - Gość Niedzielny - Wydanie Internetowe<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2022-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503164951/http://goscniedzielny.wiara.pl/index.php?grupa=6&art=1184589442&dzi=1104785534&katg= |archive-date=2008-05-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Barkas:A. Jeż.jpg|jmpl|200px|kiri|Biskop Jeż]] == Referensi == <references/> {{kabiskopan ing Polen}} {{coord|50.0131|N|20.9871|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tarnow}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Polen]] [[Kategori:Tarnów]] 5ijjyeum6cdjeg6j8hq8q0p857x5arl Kabiskopan Agung Przemyśl 0 187995 1760096 1591389 2026-11-06T01:30:23Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese |jurisdiction = Kabiskopan Agung |name = Przemyśl |latin = Archidioecesis Premisliensis Latinorum |local = Archidiecezja Przemyska |image = Poland Przemysl - cathedral.jpg |image_size = 250px |image_alt = |caption = [[Katedral Przemyśl|Basilika Katedral Kamunggahan lan Santo Yohanes Pambaptis ing Przemyśl]] |country = Polen |rite = [[Ritus Latin]] |cathedral = Bazylika Archikatedralna Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej <br> Marii Panny i św. Jana Chrzciciela <br> [[Katedral Przemyśl|(''Basilika Katedral Kamunggahan<br> Dewi Maria lan Santo Yohanes Pambaptis'')]] |cocathedral = |area_km2 = 9,750 |population = 784,500 |population_as_of = 2013 |catholics = 756,000 |catholics_percent= 96.4 |pope = {{Incumbent pope}} |metro_archbishop = [[Adam Szal]] |coadjutor = |auxiliary_bishops= Stanisław Jamrozek |emeritus_bishops = [[Józef Michalik]] |website = [http://www.przemyska.pl/ Situs Web Kabiskopan Agung] }} [[Barkas:Bp Adam Szal.jpg|jmpl|240px|Biskop Agung Adam Szal, 2012]] '''Kabiskopan Agung Przemyśl''' ({{lang-la|Premisliensis Latinorum}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan agung]] sing ana ing kutha [[Przemyśl]], [[Polen]]. == Riwayat == * 13 April 1375: Didegake minangka Kabiskopan Przemyśl * 25 Maret 1992: Dipromosike minangka Kabiskopan Agung Metropolitan Przemyśl == Kabiskopan Suffragan == * [[Kabiskopan Rzeszów|Rzeszów]] * [[Kabiskopan Zamość-Lubaczów|Zamość-Lubaczów]] == Sumber == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/prze0.htm GCatholic.org] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dprze.html Catholic Hierarchy] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010224231024/http://www.przemysl.opoka.org.pl/ Diocese website] {{Kabiskopan ing Polen}} {{coord|49|46|52|N|22|46|05|E|region:PL_type:city_source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Przemysl}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Polen]] [[Kategori:Organisasi Kristen sing didegaké taun 1375]] [[Kategori:Przemyśl]] 2ij57urscchir5sj9fna8ldaxj2a59e Kabiskopan Menevia 0 189034 1760105 1704845 2026-11-06T02:21:08Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Keuskupan | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan | name = Menevia | latin = Dioecesis Menevensis | local = ''Esgobaeth Mynyw''<br>''Diocese of Menevia'' | image = St Joseph's Cathedral - geograph.org.uk - 264580.jpg | image_size = | caption = Katedral St. Yosef, Swansea <!---- Lokasi ----> | country = {{flag|Wales}}, [[Karajan Manunggal]] | province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Cardiff|Cardiff]] | deaneries = 5 | headquarters = [[Swansea]], [[West Glamorgan]], [[Wales]], [[Karajan Manunggal]] <!---- Statistik ----> | area_km2 = 9.611 | population = 838,707 | population_as_of = 2017 | catholics = 28,190 | catholics_percent = 3,4 | parishes = 53 | schools = 19 <!---- Informasi ----> | denomination = [[Katulik Roma]] | sui_iuris_church = [[Greja Latin]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = {{start date and age|1895|3|4}} | sebelumnya = Vikariat Apostolik Wales <small>(1895-1898)</small> | cathedral = [[Katedral St. Yosef, Swansea]] | patron = [[Santo Yosef]] | priests = 47 (35 imam diosesan lan 12 imam religius) | language = [[Basa Inggris]]<br>[[Basa Wales]]<br>[[Basa Latin Grejawi]] <!---- Kepemimpinan saat ini ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> | bishop = [[Mark O'Toole (biskop)|Mark O'Toole]] | bishop_title = Biskop<!-- Type of ordinary: i.e. Bishop or Archbishop. Default is Bishop --> | metro_archbishop = [[Mark O'Toole (biskop)|Mark O'Toole]] | coadjutor = | suffragans = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration); use | suffragan = for one--> | auxiliary_bishops = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration) --> | apostolic_admin = | vicar_general = Joseph Cefai | episcopal_vicar = | judicial_vicar = | archdeacons = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of first collation); use | archdeacon = for one--> | emeritus_bishops = [[John Peter Mark Jabalé]]<br />[[Tom Burns (biskop)|Thomas Matthew Burns]] <!---- Wilayah ----> | map = Province of Cardiff.png | map_size = 180px | map_caption = Lokasi Kabiskopan Meneviia | alamat = 27 Convent Street, Greenhill, Swansea, W. Glam., SA1 2BX, Wales, Karajan Manunggal <!---- Situs web ----> | website = [http://www.menevia.org/ menevia.org] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Menevia''' ({{lang-la|Dioecesis Menevensis}}; {{lang-cy|Esgobaeth Mynyw}}; {{lang-en|Diocese of Menevia}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan]] [[Katulik Roma]] ing [[Wales]]. Kabiskopan kasebut menika salah sijining saka loro [[kabiskopan sufragan]] ing provinsi grejawi Cardiff.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10187d.htm|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Menevia|website=www.newadvent.org|access-date=2019-11-16}}</ref> == Réferènsi == {{Wikisource1913CatholicEnc|Diocese of Menevia}} <references/> == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10187d.htm Catholic Encyclopedia article] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220722122346/https://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/mene0.htm GCatholic.org] * [http://www.menevia.org Diocese of Menevia] {{Kabiskopan ing Wales}} {{Kabiskopan ing Inggris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Menevia}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Wales]] [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Inggris|Menevia]] ajsl6a3x7ymu6s81fqrjkx2rf5q291q Kabiskopan Westminster 0 189040 1760110 1743952 2026-11-06T02:51:20Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Keuskupan | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan | name = Westminster | latin = Archidioecesis Vestmonasteriensis | local = ''Archdiocese of Westminster'' | coat = | coat_size = 180px <!---- Lokasi ----> | country = {{flag|Inggris}}, [[Karajan Manunggal]] | province = Westminster | deaneries = 23 | headquarters = [[Kutha Westminster|Westminster]], [[London Raya]], [[Inggris]], [[Karajan Manunggal]] <!---- Statistik ----> | area_km2 = 3.634 | population = 4,933,565 | population_as_of = 2017 | catholics = 441,450 | catholics_percent = 8,9 | parishes = 214 <!---- Informasi ----> | denomination = [[Katulik Roma]] | sui_iuris_church = [[Greja Latin]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = {{start date and age|1622}} | sebelumnya = Vikariat Apostolik Inggris lan Wales <small>(1622-1688)</small><br>Vikariat Apostolik Distrik London <small>(1688-1850)</small> | cathedral = [[Katedral Westminster|Katedral Darah Mulia Tuhan Yesus Kristus, Westminster]] | priests = 552 (309 imam diosesan lan 243 imam religius) | language = [[Basa Inggris]]<br>[[Basa Latin Grejawi]] <!---- Kepemimpinan saat ini ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} | bishop = Kardinal [[Vincent Nichols|Vincent Gerard Nichols]] | bishop_title = Biskop Agung | auxiliary_bishops = [[John Sherrington|John Francis Sherrington]]<br>[[Nicholas Hudson (biskop)|Nicholas Gilbert Erskine Hudson]]<br>[[Paul McAleenan]] | vicar_general = Martin Hayes | emeritus_bishops = <!---- Wilayah ----> | map = Province of Westminster.png | map_size = 180px | map_caption = Lokasi Kabiskopan Westminster | alamat = Ambrosden Avenue, Westminster, London SW1P 1QJ, Inggris, Karajan Manunggal <!---- Situs web ----> | website = [http://rcdow.org.uk/ rcdow.org.uk] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Westminster''' ({{lang-la|Archidioecesis Vestmonasteriensis}}; {{lang-en|Archdiocese of Westminster}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan|kabiskopan agung]] [[Greja Katulik Roma]] ing Inggris. Kabiskopan agung kasebut kalebu kabeh [[London Raya|London]] lor [[Kali Thames]] lan kulon [[Kali Lea]], borough [[Spelthorne]], [[Surrey]] lan county [[Hertfordshire]], sing membentang ing lor London.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://rcdow.org.uk/diocese/|title=Our Diocese... - Diocese of Westminster|website=rcdow.org.uk|access-date=2019-12-08|archive-date=2020-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618202539/https://rcdow.org.uk/diocese/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/wmin0.htm|title=Archdiocese of Westminster, England|website=GCatholic|access-date=2019-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dwest.html|title=Westminster (Latin (or Roman) Archdiocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]|website=catholic-hierarchy.org|access-date=2019-12-08}}</ref> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://rcdow.org.uk Roman Catholic Diocese of Westminster] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/wmin0.htm GCatholic.org] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140327055054/http://rcdow.org.uk/diocese/directory/parishes/ Parishes of the Diocese] === Klip vidhéo === * [https://www.youtube.com/user/rcdownews Diocese of Westminster YouTube channel] * [https://vimeo.com/catholic Diocese of Westminster on Vimeo] {{kabiskopan ing Inggris}} {{coord|51.4960|-0.1396|type:adm2nd_region:GB|display=title}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:kabiskopan ing Inggris|Westminster]] [[Kategori:Kabiskopan sing didegaké dening Gregorius XV]] em4vob67iax3d9cj3p7qh4i0033i183 Kabiskopan Aarhus 0 189265 1760090 1613262 2026-11-06T01:07:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|Kabiskopan Lutheran|Kabiskopan Katulik|Takhta Kuna Aarhus}} {{Infobox Keuskupan | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan | name = Aarhus | local = {{native name|da|italics=off|Aarhus Stift}} | image = Aarhus domkirke tower.jpg | image_size = 180px | caption = Katedral St. Klemens, Aarhus <!---- Lokasi ----> | country = {{flag|Dhenemarken}} | deaneries = 14 | headquarters = [[Aarhus]], [[Dhenemarken]] <!---- Statistik ----> | area_km2 = | population = {{Increase}} 853,229 | population_as_of = 2019 | parishes = {{Steady}} 336 | churches = | members = {{Increase}} 660.072 ({{Decrease}} 77,4%) <!---- Informasi ----> | denomination = [[Lutheran]] | established = 948 <small>(Kabiskopan Katulik)</small><br>1537 <small>(Kabiskopan Lutheran)</small> | sebelumnya = [[Takhta Kuna Aarhus|Kabiskopan Aarhus (Greja Katulik)]] | cathedral = [[Katedral Aarhus|Katedral St. Klemens, Aarhus]] | priests = 330 | language = [[Basa Dhènemarken]] <!---- Kepemimpinan saat ini ----> | parent_church = [[Greja Dhènemarken]] | bishop = [[Henrik Wigh-Poulsen]] <!---- Wilayah ----> | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | alamat = Dalgas Avenue 46<br>8000 Aarhus C, Denmark <!---- Situs web ----> | website = [http://aarhusstift.dk aarhusstift.dk] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Aarhus''' ({{lang-da|Århus Stift}}) yaiku salah sijining saka 10 [[kabiskopan]] ing [[Greja Dhènemarken]], sing berpusat ing Kutha [[Aarhus]]. Kabiskopan kasebut kalebu distrik gedhe saka wetan lor [[Jutlandia]] lan kalebu 14 [[dekenat]], ning endi papat diantarane kalebu kabeh kutha [[Aarhus]] dhewe.<ref name="dr">{{cite web |url=http://aarhusstift.dk/om/ |title=About the Diocese |publisher=Diocese of Aarhus |language=Danish |access-date=1 Oktober 2016 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6kxmQrqbV?url=http://aarhusstift.dk/om/ |archive-date=2016-10-02 |url-status=dead |df= }}</ref> == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pranala jaba == * Laman Utami Rasmi [http://aarhusstift.dk/ Århus Stift] {{da icon}} {{Kabiskopan Greja Dhènemarken}} {{Coord|56.15|N|10.20|E|display=title}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan Greja Dhènemarken]] 9qfdds134f6mk03ewifv9j8npzn1fz5 Kabiskopan Ilorin 0 189466 1760102 1729304 2026-11-06T02:03:09Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan <!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --> | name = Ilorin <!-- Place name(s) of the diocese (or archdiocese) --> | latin = Dioecesis Ilorinensis <!-- Latin name of the diocese (or archdiocese) --> | local = <!-- Name in the native language --> | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = <!---- Locations ----> | country = {{flag|Nigeria}} | territory = [[Praja Kwara]] | province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Ibadan|Ibadan]]<!-- Ecclesiastical province --> | archdeaconries = | deaneries = | subdivisions = | coordinates = {{coord|8|30|00|N|4|33|00|E|}} <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = 32,500 <!-- Area in square kilometers, automatically converted --> | area_sqmi = <!-- Area in square miles, automatically converted --> | area_footnotes = | population = 1,260,000 | population_as_of = 2004 | catholics = 25,500 <!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese --> | catholics_percent = 2.0 | parishes = <!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Katulik Roma]] | rite = [[Ritus Latin]]<!-- e.g., [[Latin Rite]] --> | established = 29 Mei 1969 | cathedral = Katedral Santo Yosef ing [[Ilorin]]<!-- Cathedral that serves as the seat of the diocese --> | cocathedral = | patron = <!-- Patron saint(s) of the diocese (or archdiocese) --> | patron_title = <!-- Use to override the default label "Patron saint" --> | priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> | patriarch = | major_archbishop = | bishop = ''[[Lowong]]'' | bishop_title = <!-- Type of ordinary: i.e. Bishop or Archbishop. Default is Bishop --> | metro_archbishop = <!-- Name of the Metropolitan Archbishop of the Ecclesiastical Province --> | coadjutor = | suffragans = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration); use | suffragan = for one --> | auxiliary_bishops = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration) --> | apostolic_admin = | vicar_general = | episcopal_vicar = | archdeacons = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of first collation); use | archdeacon = for one--> | emeritus_bishops = [[Ayo-Maria Atoyebi]], [[O.P.]] <!---- Map ----> | map = Nigeria Kwara State map.png | map_size = | map_alt = <!---- Website ----> | website = http://www.catholicdioceseofilorin.org/ | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Ilorin''' ({{lang-la|Ilorinen(sis)}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan]] sing ana ing kutha [[Ilorin]], [[provinsi grejawi]] [[Kabiskopan Agung Ibadan|Ibadan]], [[Nigeria]]. == Babad == * 20 Januari 1960: Diadegaké minangka Prefektur Apostolik Ilorin saka [[Kabiskopan Ondo]]. * 29 Mei 1969: Dipromosèkaké minangka Kabiskopan Ilorin == Sumber == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/ilor0.htm GCatholic.org Information] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dilor.html Catholic Hierarchy] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230811033405/http://www.catholicdioceseofilorin.org/ Official website] {{Kabiskopan ing Nigeria}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ilorin}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Nigéria]] [[Kategori:Ilorin]] 6id7ouvolqnoz23xv67agxzxxq22b2a Kabiskopan Agung Cochabamba 0 189515 1760091 1704363 2026-11-06T01:11:41Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan Agung<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --> | name = Cochabamba | latin = Archidioecesis Cochabambensis | local = Arquidiócesis de Cochabamba | image = Catedral cochabamba.JPG | image_size = 200px | image_alt = | caption = Katedral Metropolitan Santo Sebastianus <!---- Locations ----> | country = {{flag|Bolivia}} | metropolitan = | territory = | province = Cochabamba | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = 32,306 <!-- Area in square kilometers, automatically converted --> | population = 1,524,000 | population_as_of = 2006 | catholics = 1,390,300<!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese --> | catholics_percent = 91.2 | parishes = 73<!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Katulik Roma]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = 25 Juni 1847 ({{age|1847|6|25}} taun kepungkur) | cathedral = [[Catedral Metropolitana San Sebastián|Katedral St Sebastianus]] | cocathedral = | patron = | priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} | metro_archbishop = [[Tito Solari Capellari]], [[S.D.B.]] | bishop_title = Biskop Agung | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = [[Robert Herman Flock]] | vicar_general = | emeritus_bishops = Luis Sáinz Hinojosa <small>Biskop Auksilier Emeritus</small><br>[[Angel Gelmi Bertocchi]] <small>Biskop Auksilier Emeritus</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://attualita.vatican.va/sala-stampa/bollettino/2013/05/31/news/31079.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-05-31 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130707081538/http://attualita.vatican.va/sala-stampa/bollettino/2013/05/31/news/31079.html |archivedate=2013-07-07 |df= }}</ref> <!---- Map ----> | map = Bolivia - Arcidiocesi di Cochabamba.png | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://www.iglesiacbba.org/ www.iglesiacbba.org] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Agung Cochabamaba''' ({{lang-la|Archidioecesis Cochabambensis}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan agung]] sing ana ing kutha [[Cochabamba]], Bolivia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/29930.php?index=29930&lang=en |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055434/http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/29930.php?index=29930&lang=en |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Riwayat == * 25 Juni 1847: Didegake minangka Kabiskopan Cochabamaba saka [[Kabiskopan Agung Metropolitan La Plata]] lan [[Kabiskopan Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] * 30 Juli 1975: Dipromosike minangka Kabiskopan Agung Metropolitan Cochabamba == Kabiskopan Suffragan == * [[Kabiskopan Oruro]] * [[Prelatur Teritorial Aiquile]] == Deleng uga == * [[Katulik Roma ing Bolivia]] == Referensi == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/coch0.htm GCatholic.org] * [http://www.iglesiacbba.org/ Diocese website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802220032/https://www.iglesiacbba.org/ |date=2022-08-02 }} {{Kabiskopan ing Bolivia}} {{coord|17.3944|S|66.1568|W|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:BO|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cochabamaba}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Bolivia]] tufoq3gzpp1cyqlpq8wbvz484wa7dhp Kabiskopan Agung La Paz 0 189526 1760092 1748876 2026-11-06T01:18:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan Agung<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --> | name = La Paz |latin = Archidioecesis Pacensis in Bolivia | local = Arquidiócesis de La Paz | image = Catedral Metropolitana de La Paz.JPG | image_size = 230px | image_alt = | caption = Basilika Katedral Bunda Perdamaian <!---- Locations ----> | country = {{flag|Bolivia}} | metropolitan = | territory = | province = La Paz | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = 10,975<!-- Area in square kilometers, automatically converted --> | population = 1,474,150 |population_as_of = 2004 |catholics = 1,292,873<!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese --> | catholics_percent = 87.7 | parishes = 53<!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Greja Katulik]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = 4 Juli 1605 ({{age|1605|7|4}} taun kepungkur) | cathedral = Catedral Basílica de Nuestra Señora de La Paz | cocathedral = | patron = | priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} | metro_archbishop = [[Percy Lorenzo Galvan Flores]] | bishop_title = | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = [[Aurelio Pesoa Ribera]], [[O.F.M.]] | vicar_general = | emeritus_bishops = [[Edmundo Luis Flavio Abastoflor Montero]] <!---- Map ----> | map = Bolivia - Arcidiocesi di La Paz.png | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = {{URL|http://www.arzobispadolapaz.org/}} | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Agung La Paz''' ({{lang-la|Archidioecesis Pacensis in Bolivia}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan agung]] sing ana ing kutha [[La Paz]], Bolivia.<ref name=GCathLaPaz>[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/lapa0.htm GCatholic.org: "Metropolitan Archdiocese of La Paz"] retrieved November 16, 2015</ref><ref name=CathHierLaPaz>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dlapz.html "Archdiocese of La Paz"] ''[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016</ref> == Riwayat == * 4 Juli 1605: Didegake minangka Kabiskopan La Paz di Bolivia saka [[Kabiskopan La Plata]] * 18 Juni 1943: Dipromosike minangka Kabiskopan Agung Metropolitan La Paz == Kabiskopan Suffragan == * [[Kabiskopan Coroico]] * [[Kabiskopan El Alto]] * [[Prelatur Teritorial Corocoro]] == Deleng uga == * [[Katulik Roma ing Bolivia]] == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/lapa0.htm GCatholic.org] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220809025059/https://www.arzobispadolapaz.org/ Diocese website] {{Kabiskopan ing Bolivia}} {{coord|16.4963|S|68.1342|W|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:BO|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:La Paz}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Bolivia]] [[Kategori:La Paz]] i17ppe7l4snva3zqfrnzfx6i4rrxzh1 Kabiskopan Kreta 0 189714 1760104 1695669 2026-11-06T02:14:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese |jurisdiction = Kabiskopan |name = Kreta |latin = Dioecesis Candiensis |local = Επισκοπή Κρήτης |country = {{flag|Grikenlan}} |province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Naxos, Andros, Tinos lan Mykonos|Naxos, Andros, Tinos lan Mykonos]] |metropolitan = [[Kabiskopan Agung Naxos, Andros, Tinos lan Mykonos|Naxos, Andros, Tinos lan Mykonos]] |rite = [[Ritus Latin]] |established = 1213<br><small>(minangka Kabiskopan Agung Candia)</small><br>28 Agustus 1874<br><small>(minangka Kabiskopan Kreta)</small> |cathedral = [[Katedral Kamunggahan, Chania|Katedral Kamunggahan]], [[Chania]] |cocathedral = |area_km2 = 8393 |population = 512,000 |population_as_of = 2013 |catholics = 5,000 |catholics_percent= 1 |pope = {{Incumbent pope}} |bishop = [[Sede Vacante]] |coadjutor = |auxiliary_bishops= |apostolic_admin = Petros Stefanou }} '''Kabiskopan Kreta ''' ({{lang-la|Dioecesis Candiensis}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan]] sing ana ing pulo [[Kreta]], [[provinsi grejawi]] [[Kabiskopan Agung Naxos, Andros, Tinos lan Mykonos|Naxos, Andros, Tinos lan Mykonos]], Grikenlan. == Pimpinan == === Zaman modern === ** Biskop [[Petros Stefanou]], (Administrator Apostolik); Fr Daniel Stankiewicz Vikar Umum, Kabiskopan Kreta ** Biskop [[Frangiskos Papamanolis]], [[O.F.M. Cap.]] (Administrator Apostolik 1974.06.27 – 2014.05.13) ** Biskop [[Georges Xenopulos]], [[Serikat Yesus|S.J.]] (Administrator Apostolik 1952 – 1974) ** Fr. [[Arsenio da Corfù]], O.F.M. Cap. (Administrator Apostolik 1951 – 1952) ** Fr. [[Amedeo Marcantonio Speciale da Gangi]], O.F.M. Cap. (Administrator Apostolik 1945? – 1951) ** Fr. [[Roberto da Gangi]], O.F.M. Cap. (Administrator Apostolik 1939 – 1945?) ** Biskop [[Lorenzo Giacomo Inglese]], O.F.M. Cap. (1934.02.01 – 1935.05.05) ** Fr. [[Isidoro da Smirne]], O.F.M. Cap. (Administrator Apostolik 1926 – 1933?) ** Biskop [[Francesco Giuseppe Seminara]], O.F.M. Cap. (1910.06.22 – 1926.03.15) ** Biskop [[Luigi Canavo]], O.F.M. Cap. (1874.12.22 – 1889.05.10) === Zaman Venesia === ** [[Kardinal]] [[Pietro Valier]] (1620.05.18 – 1623.10.02) ** Kardinal [[Lorenzo Campeggio]] (Administrator Apostolik 1534.06.17 – 1536.01.28) ** [[Patriark Aleksandria|Patriark]] [[Leonardus Delfini]] (1387.05.07 – 1392.08.31) == Sumber == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/cand0.htm GCatholic.org] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dcand.html Catholic Hierarchy] * [http://www.interkriti.net/ccc/ Diocese website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905094348/http://www.interkriti.net/ccc/ |date=2008-09-05 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220817134244/https://candiacatholica.gr/ Crete Parishes Website] {{Kabiskopan ing Grikenlan}} {{coord|35.5155|N|24.0176|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kreta}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Grikenlan]] e7oda6klmpj48hz8j1yjnew99a8otik Kabiskopan Agung Luksemburg 0 189818 1760094 1748877 2026-11-06T01:23:42Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese |jurisdiction = Kabiskopan Agung |name = Luksemburg |latin = Archidioecesis Luxemburgensis |local = Erzdiözees Lëtzebuerg<br>Archidiocèse de Luxembourg<br>Erzdiözese Luxemburg |image = Luxembourg Cathedral HDR.jpg |caption = [[Katedral Notre-Dame, Luxembourg]] |country = [[Luxembourg]] |metropolitan = Gumantung marang [[Takhta Suci]] |territory = [[Luksemburg]] |rite = [[Ritus Latin]] |established = 1833 |cathedral = [[Katedral Notre-Dame, Luxembourg]] |cocathedral = |area_km2 = 2,586 |population = {{profit}}576,000 |population_as_of = 2016 |catholics = {{profit}}425,000 |catholics_percent= {{loss}}73.8 |pope = {{Incumbent pope}} |metro_archbishop = [[Jean-Claude Hollerich]] |bishop_title = Biskop Agung |emeritus_bishops = [[Fernand Franck]], <small>Biskop Agung Emeritus (1991-2011)</small> }} '''Kabiskopan Agung Luksemburg''' ({{lang-la|Archidioecesis Luxemburgensis}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan agung]] [[Ritus Latin]] [[Greja Katulik]] ing Keharyapatihan [[Luxembourg]], sing kalebu kabeh Keharyapatihan kasebut. Kabiskopan kasebut didegake ing 1870, lan dadi kabiskopan agung ing 1988. == Ordinaris == [[Barkas:Mgr JCL Hollerich cath 20111016.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|[[Jean-Claude Hollerich]], Biskop Agung Luxembourg saiki.]] === Vikar Apostolik === * [[Johann Theodor van der Noot]] (1833–1841) * [[Johann Theodor Laurent]] (1841–1856) * [[Nikolaus Adames]] (1848–1870) === Biskop === * [[Nikolaus Adames]] (1870–1883) * [[Johannes Joseph Koppes]] (1883–1918) * [[Petrus Nommesch]] (1920–1935) * [[Joseph Laurent Philippe]], S.C.I. (1935–1956) * [[Léon Lommel]] (1956–1971) * [[Jean Hengen]] (1971–1988) === Biskop Agung === * [[Jean Hengen]] (1988–1990) * [[Fernand Franck]] (1990–2011) * [[Jean-Claude Hollerich]] (2011– ) == Sumber == * Kreins, Jean-Marie. Histoire du Luxembourg. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2010. 5th edition. * {{Cite web|url=http://www.cathol.lu/patrimoine-geschichte/le-christianisme-au-luxembourg-das/die-kirche-im-grossherzogtum.html|title=The Catholic Church in Luxembourg - an historical overview|last=|first=|date=|website=cathol.lu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231229/http://www.cathol.lu/patrimoine-geschichte/le-christianisme-au-luxembourg-das/die-kirche-im-grossherzogtum.html|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=dead|access-date=}} == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dluxe.html Archdiocese of Luxembourg] * [http://www.cathol.lu/ Catholic Church in Luxembourg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203184702/https://cathol.lu/ |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.lcto.lu/graphics/illustrations/attractions/millenial_city/cathedral_to_the_blessed_vi.jpg Photo of the Cathedral in Luxembourg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720032956/http://www.lcto.lu/graphics/illustrations/attractions/millenial_city/cathedral_to_the_blessed_vi.jpg |date=2009-07-20 }} {{coord|49.6094|N|6.1311|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Luksemburg]] 15v1bkc9tjv69u1r2ixrfc184tf4r3v Eksarkat Patriarkat Istanbul 0 189850 1759932 1595163 2026-11-05T16:11:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|Eksarkat Apostolik Istanbul}} {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Eksarkat Patriarkat<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --> | name = Istanbul (Katulik Grikenlan Melkit) | latin = | local = <!-- Name in the native language --> | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = <!---- Locations ----> | country = [[Turki]] | metropolitan = | territory = | province = [[pratelan Patriark Katulik Grikenlan Melkit Antiokia|Patriarkat Antiokia]] | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = <!-- Area in square kilometers, automatically converted --> | population = | population_as_of = | catholics = | catholics_percent = | parishes = 1 | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Greja Katulik Grikenlan Melkit]] | rite = [[Ritus Bizantium]] | established = | cathedral = | cocathedral = | patron = | priests = <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} | patriarch = [[Youssef Absi]] | bishop_title = Eksar Patriarkat | bishop = [[Sede vacante]] | vicar_general = | patriarchal vicar = | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = | emeritus_bishops = <!---- Map ----> | map = | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = | footnotes = }} '''Eksarkat Patriarkat Istanbul''' yaiku Eksarkat Patriarkat [[Greja Katulik Grikenlan Melkit]] ing Istanbul. Wilayah grejawi kasebut diurus langsung dening Patriark Melkit Antiokia.<ref>[http://www.pgc-lb.org/eng/melkite_greek_catholic_church/Patriarchal-Exarchate-of-Istanbul Melkite Greek Catholic Church: Patriarchal Exarchate of Istanbul]</ref> == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pranala jaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161218104504/http://www.mliles.com/melkite/indexmelkiteotherturkey.shtml Melkite Greek Catholic Church in Turkey] * [http://www.pgc-lb.org/eng/melkite_greek_catholic_church/Patriarchal-Exarchate-of-Istanbul Melkite Greek Catholic Church: Patriarchal Exarchate of Istanbul] {{kabiskopan ing Turki}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan Katulik Wétan ing Turki]] q63dzxcmjb9hwx09fbiuwxo7ueerrj0 Eparki Joubbé, Sarba, lan Jounieh 0 189861 1759942 1595181 2026-11-05T16:49:57Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese |jurisdiction = Eparki |name = Joubbé, Sarba lan Jounieh (Maronit) |latin = Eparchia Ioubbensis, Sarbensis et Iuniensis Maronitarum | local = <!-- Name in the native language --> | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = <!---- Locations ----> |country = [[Libanon]] |metropolitan = Gumantung marang [[Pratelan Patriark Maronit|Patriark Maronit Antiokhia]] | province = | coordinates = <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = <!-- Area in square kilometers, automatically converted --> | population_as_of = 2013 | catholics = 396,250<!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese --> | catholics_percent = n/a | parishes = 149<!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | sui_iuris_church= [[Greja Maronit|Maronit]] | rite = [[Ritus Antiokhia#Liturgi Siria|Ritus Siro-Antiokhia Kulon]] | established = 5 Juni 1999 | cathedral = | cocathedral = | patron = | priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{incumbent pope}} | patriarch = [[Bechara Boutros al-Rahi]] | bishop = [[Bechara Boutros al-Rahi]] | bishop_title = Epark | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = [[Maroun Ammar]] kanggo Joubbé, [[Paul Rouhana]] kanggo Sarba | vicar_general = | emeritus_bishops = [[Guy-Paul Noujaim]] <!---- Map ----> | map = | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = | footnotes = }} '''Eparki Joubbé, Sarba lan Jounieh''' (Latin: '''Eparchia Ioubbensis, Sarbensis et Iuniensis Maronitarum''') yaiku [[eparki]] [[Greja Maronit]] sing dadi [[Pratelan Patriark Maronit|Patriark Maronit Antiokhia]] ing [[Libanon]]. Ing 2013, ana 396,250 baptisan. Eparki kasebut saiki dipimpin dening Patriark Maronit lan [[Kardinal]] [[Bechara Boutros al-Rahi]] == Sumber == * Pontificio Annuario, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano, 2003, {{ISBN|88-209-7422-3}}. == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pranala jaba == * http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/djsjm.html * http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dj502.html, defunct Eparchy of Jounieh * http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/ds508.html, defunct Eparchy of Sarba * http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/jebb0.htm * https://web.archive.org/web/20120423005131/http://www.diocesejounieh.org.lb/, Eparchy of Jounieh * http://www.niabatsarba.com/, Eparchy of Sarba {{coord|33.9667|N|35.6333|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{Kabiskopan ing Libanon}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Joubbe, Sarba lan Jounieh}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Libanon]] [[Kategori:Eparki Katulik Maronit|Joubbe]] hy27m8h5890bldnbkpfqwbluzh48iwh Eparki Birobidzhan 0 190223 1759941 1756761 2026-11-05T16:49:34Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan | name = Birobidzhan dan Kuldur | local = Биробиджанская и Кульдурская епархия | established = 7 Oktober 2002 | image = Annunciation Cathedral in Birobidzhan.jpg | image_size = 280 | image_alt = | caption = Katedral Pangabaran Kabar Apik | country = [[Ruslan]] | territory = [[Daerah Istimewa Yahudi]] | subdivisions = 3 kedekanan | area_km2 = 36,266 | population = 172,671 | population_as_of = 2010 | parishes = 48 | churches = | cathedral = Katedral Pangabaran Kabar Apik | bishop = [[Yosef (Balabanov)]] | bishop_title = Uskup Agung | map = [[Barkas:Map of Russia - Jewish Autonomous Oblast (2008-03).svg|295px]] | map_alt = | map_caption = Kabiskopan Birobidzhan lan Kuldur | website = [http://www.eparh.ru/ www.eparh.ru] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Birobidzhan dan Kuldur''' (Биробиджанская и Кульдурская епархия) yaiku [[kabiskopan]] [[Greja Ortodoks Ruslan]], organisasi agami sing tersentralisasi lan diketuwani déning Patriarkat Moskwa. Kabiskopan kasebut nyambut gawe greja-greja ing jero wates [[Daerah Istimewa Yahudi]] sing wewatesan karo [[Tiongkok]] ing kidul, [[Oblast Amur]] ing kulon lan [[Krai Khabarovsk]] ing wetan lor. == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220814054602/http://www.eparh.ru/ Official web-site] * [http://drevo.pravbeseda.ru/index.php?id=6033 Birobidzhan diocese // Open orthodox encyclopedia «Drevo»] * [http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/31100.html Diocese of birobidzhan and Kuldur] {{Greja Ortodoks Ruslan}} [[Kategori:Eparki Birobidzhan| ]] [[Kategori:Eparki Gréja Ortodoks Ruslan|Birobidzhan]] 9lc4kabip15zaan09z20zezqbjhtl8u Jack Cork 0 190556 1760058 1755052 2026-11-05T23:28:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Jack Cork | image = Jack Cork 2015.jpg | caption = Cork main kanggo [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] ing taun 2015 | fullname = Jack Frank Porteous Cork<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/612828 |title=Updated squads for 2017/18 Premier League confirmed |publisher=Premier League |date=2 February 2018 |access-date=10 February 2018}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|6|25|df=y}}<ref name=Hugman1011>{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9 |year=2010 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-601-0 |page=95}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Carshalton]], [[Inggris]] | height = {{convert|1.83|m|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.burnleyfootballclub.com/player/jack-cork |title=Jack Cork |publisher=Burnley F.C. |access-date=31 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201211134/https://www.burnleyfootballclub.com/player/jack-cork |archive-date=1 December 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | position = [[Gelandhang]] | currentclub = [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]] | clubnumber = 4 | youthyears1 = 1998–2006 | youthclubs1 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] | years1 = 2006–2011 | clubs1 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] | caps1 = 0 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2006 | clubs2 = → [[AFC Bournemouth]] (nyileh) | caps2 = 4 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2007 | clubs3 = → [[AFC Bournemouth]] (nyileh) | caps3 = 3 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2007–2008 | clubs4 = → [[Scunthorpe United F.C.|Scunthorpe United]] (nyileh) | caps4 = 34 | goals4 = 2 | years5 = 2008–2009 | clubs5 = → [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] (nyileh) | caps5 = 23 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2009 | clubs6 = → [[Watford F.C.|Watford]] (nyileh) | caps6 = 19 | goals6 = 0 | years7 = 2009 | clubs7 = → [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] (nyileh) | caps7 = 21 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2010 | clubs8 = → [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]] (nyileh) | caps8 = 11 | goals8 = 1 | years9 = 2010–2011 | clubs9 = → [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]] (nyileh) | caps9 = 40 | goals9 = 3 | years10= 2011–2015 | clubs10 = [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] | caps10= 114 | goals10= 2 | years11= 2015–2017 | clubs11 = [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] | caps11= 80 | goals11= 2 | years12= 2017– | clubs12 = [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]] | caps12= 145 | goals12= 4 | nationalyears1 = 2005 | nationalteam1 = {{Timnasu|16|Inggris}} | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2005–2006 | nationalteam2 = {{Timnasu|17|Inggris}} | nationalcaps2 = 7 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 2006 | nationalteam3 = {{Timnasu|18|Inggris}} | nationalcaps3 = 1 | nationalgoals3 = 0 | nationalyears4 = 2007–2008 | nationalteam4 = {{Timnasu|19|Inggris}} | nationalcaps4 = 14 | nationalgoals4 = 0 | nationalyears5 = 2009 | nationalteam5 = {{Timnasu|20|Inggris}} | nationalcaps5 = 1 | nationalgoals5 = 0 | nationalyears6 = 2008–2011 | nationalteam6 = {{Timnasu|21|Inggris}} | nationalcaps6 = 13 | nationalgoals6 = 0 | nationalyears8 = 2017 | nationalteam8 = {{Timnas|Inggris}} | nationalcaps8 = 1 | nationalgoals8 = 0 | club-update = 19:35, 17 August 2022 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 00:23, 10 December 2018 (UTC) }} '''Jack Frank Porteous Cork''' (lair 25 Juni 1989) yaiku pemain [[bal-balan]] profesional [[Inggris]] sing main dadi [[Gelandhang]] kanggo [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]]. == Referensi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Pamain bal-balan Inggris]] {{Pemain-sb-stub|Inggris}} {{Burnley F.C. squad}} as620rfjtd1qa0c6e45r2s800tsya5r ENEOS 0 190952 1759922 1596933 2026-11-05T15:55:07Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = ENEOS Corporation | former_name = {{plainlist| * Nippon Oil Corporation * JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation}} | logo = ENEOS logo.svg | type = [[Anak perusahaan]] | traded_as = {{TYO|5001}} | foundation = {{Start date and age|1888}} | location = Tokyo, Jepang | key_people = | industry = [[Daftar perusahaan minyak bumi|Lenga lan bensin]] | num_employees = | parent = [[Eneos Holdings|ENEOS Holdings]] | products = [[Lenga patra]]<br />[[Petrokimia]]<br />[[Bahan bakar]] | revenue = | net_income = | homepage = {{url|https://www.eneos.co.jp/}} }} [[Barkas:ENEOS.jpg|thumb|Sawijining SPBU ENEOS ing Jepang]] [[Barkas:ENEOS EneJet Imafuku-Tsurumi SS.jpg|thumb|Sawijining kompa bensin Eneos EneJet]] {{nihongo|'''ENEOS Corporation'''|ENEOS株式会社|ENEOSU kabushiki gaisha}}, biyen {{Nihongo|JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation|JXTGエネルギー株式会社|JXTG Enerugī Kabushiki-gaisha}}, utawa '''NOC''' utawa ''Shin-Nisseki'' (新日石) yaiku perusahaan [[lenga patra]] Jepang. Bisnis kasebut kalebu eksplorasi, impor, lan panyulingan lenga mentah; produksi lan adol produk lenga patra, kalebu bahan bakar lan pelumas; lan kegiatan liyane sing ana gandhengane karo energi. Iku minangka perusahaan lenga paling gedhe ing Jepang, lan ing taun-taun pungkasan wis ngembangake operasi ing negara liya. Produk kasebut didol kanthi merek '''Eneos''', sing uga digunakake kanggo bengkel. Uga sadurunge ngoperasikake SPBU miturut merek [[Esso]] lan [[Mobil (perusahaan)|Mobil]] kanthi lisensi saka [[ExxonMobil]]. Ing taun 2019, minangka asil penggabungan JX Holdings karo TonenGeneral Group ing taun 2017 kanggo mbentuk [[Eneos Holdings|JXTG Holdings]], rong merek kasebut dibusak kanggo '''Eneos EneJet'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Gas-station-merger-will-end-Esso-and-Mobil-s-long-run-in-Japan|title=Gas station merger will end Esso and Mobil's long run in Japan|website=Nikkei Asian Review|access-date=2018-12-04}}</ref> == Sajarah == Perusahaan iku diadegaké taun 1888 kanthi jeneng {{Nihongo|"Nippon Oil"|日本石油|Nihon Sekiyu}}, utawa singkatan "Nisseki" (日石). Ing taun 1999, perusahaan gabung karo lan nyerep bekas {{Nihongo|"Mitsubishi Oil"|三菱石油|Mitsubishi Sekiyu}}. Perusahaan gabungan kasebut diarani {{Nihongo|"Nippon Mitsubishi Oil"|日石三菱|Nisseki Mitsubishi}} nganti 2002, nalika nganggo jeneng saiki. == Operasi ing saindenging donya == Perusahaan kasebut duwe lokasi ing saindenging donya kalebu JX Nippon Oil & Energy USA Inc. ing [[Schaumburg, Illinois]], [[Torrance, California]], lan Nippon Oil Lubricants (America), [[Limited liability company|LLC]], ing [[Childersburg, Alabama]]. ENEOS minangka merek perusahaan JXTG Group. Dheweke wis nggawa lenga motor merek premium ENEOS lan SUSTINA menyang Amerika Serikat. Lini produk kalebu angel banget kanggo ngrumusake lenga [[viskositas]] 0W-50. Lini anyar lenga motor full sintetik premium SUSTINA saiki kasedhiya ing Amerika Serikat. NOC makaryakke luwih saka 5,500 wong, karo karyawan tambahan saka divisi jaban rangkah, lan ngoperasikake kilang ing ngisor iki ing saindhenging Jepang: * [[Kilang minyak|Kilang]] [[Muroran]] (Nippon Petroleum Refining Co., Ltd.) * Kilang [[Sendai]] (NPRC) * Kilang [[Yokohama]] (NPRC) * Kilang [[Isogo-ku, Yokohama|Negishi]] (NPRC) * Kilang [[Kurashiki, Okayama|Mizushima]] (NPRC) * Kilang [[Osaka]] (NPRC) * Kilang Marifu (NPRC) Nippon Oil Exploration ndarbeni 5% saham [[Syncrude]], perusahaan tambang [[wedhi lenga Athabasca|wedhi lenga]] Kanada, liwat anak perusahaan Mocal Energy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noex.co.jp/english/activity/others/canada/index.html|title=Activities in Canada|access-date=2009-02-17|publisher=Nippon Oil Exploration|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226212349/http://www.noex.co.jp/english/activity/others/canada/index.html|archive-date=2009-02-26}}</ref> Perusahaan kasebut uga duwe kerjasama teknis karo Tide Water Oil Co., produsen produk lenga patra India. Pelumas kualitas unggul kanthi jeneng merek ENEOS diprodhuksi lan dipasarake ing India dening Tide Water Oil Co.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tidewaterindia.com/profile.html|title=Activities in India with Tide Water Oil Co.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103122036/http://www.tidewaterindia.com/profile.html|archive-date=2010-01-03}}</ref> === Lindhu lan tsunami 2011 === Tanggal 11 Maret 2011, kilang 145.000 barel saben dina ing [[Sendai]] diobong amarga [[lindu lan tsunami Tōhoku 2011|lindhu Tōhoku]].<ref name="Fernandez">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-commodities-idUSTRE72D1X320110314|title=Japan's shipping, energy sectors begin march back from quake|last=Fernandez|first=Clarence|date=14 Maret 2011|work=Reuters|access-date=14 Maret 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316002818/http://www.reuters.com/assets/print?aid=USTRE72D1X320110314|archive-date=16 Maret 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Para pekerja padha dievakuasi,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/refinery-operations-jx-fire-idUSTKG00706520110312|title=JX refinery fire seen originated from shipping facility|last=Tsukimori|first=Osamu|author2=Negishi, Mayumi|date=11 Maret 2011|work=Reuters|access-date=14 Maret 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315222529/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/12/refinery-operations-jx-fire-idUSTKG00706520110312|archive-date=15 Maret 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> nanging peringatan tsunami ngalangi upaya kanggo mateni geni nganti 14 Maret, nalika para pejabat ngrancang kanggo nglakoni.<ref name="Fernandez" /> Nalika ngembangake Lapangan Lenga Rang Don lan Lapangan Gas Helang NOEX, bagean saka Nippon Oil Corporation, nindakake penilaian dampak lingkungan. Asesmen iki mbantu padha mau kanggo ngleksanakake rencana pangelolaan adhedhasar asil asesmen, khusus carane ngurangi dampak lapangan ing wilayah laut sekitar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noex.co.jp/english/environment/approach/index.html|title=Nippon Oil Measures to Protect the Environment|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419083204/http://www.noex.co.jp/english/environment/approach/index.html|archive-date=2008-04-19}}</ref> Ing taun 2005, Nippon Oil lan Ebara-Ballard ngumumake yen bakal miwiti uji coba lapangan sistem sel bahan bakar membran pertukaran proton rumah tangga 1 kW nggunakake [[lenga batu bara]] kanggo bahan bakar. Iku minangka tes rumah tangga kapisan ing donya kanthi sistem kasebut. Sistem iku entuk efisiensi pembangkit daya sing luwih gedhe tinimbang pemanasan normal. Sistem kasebut bisa digunakake ing suhu nganti -10 derajat C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.japancorp.net/article.asp?Art_ID=10690|title=Nippon Announces Fuel Cell|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009031010/http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=10690|archive-date=2007-10-09}}</ref> Ing taun 2007, Nippon Oil dadi panampa Nippon Keidanren Chairman's Prize minangka pengakuan marang prestasi ing sawetara bidang. Iku minangka sing kapisan ing industri lenga Jepang sing entuk status nol emisi ing kilang kasebut. Dheweke uga ngembangake sistem sel bahan bakar uga produksi lan adol bahan bakar bebas belerang. Ladang Lenga Rang Dong uga minangka salah sawijining proyek pengurangan {{CO2}} paling gedhe ing donya. Proyek iku nggunakake gas sing digawe bebarengan karo lenga mentah kanggo produksi energi tambahan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mitsubishi.com/mpac/e/monitor/back/0706/green.html|title=Nippon Oil Award|access-date=2022-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026211447/http://www.mitsubishi.com/mpac/e/monitor/back/0706/green.html|archive-date=2018-10-26|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category|JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy}} * {{resmi|https://www.eneos.co.jp/}} [[Kategori:Tokyo]] 89esnatwcnej6dyh8z1auryx5sfdrs3 Kutha Liverpool 0 193457 1760209 1630635 2026-11-06T07:36:46Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement||official_name=Liverpool|nickname=The Pool, The Pool of Life, Dunia Dalam Satu Kota<ref name=Nicknames>{{Cite news|url=http://www.liv.ac.uk/news/press_releases/2006/07/liverpool800.htm|title=Is Liverpool still the world in one city?|accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref>|settlement_type=[[Borough metropolitan]], [[Kota]] <br /> Distrik [[Region Liverpool City]]<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City) -->|motto=''Deus Nobis Haec Otia Fecit'' (Tuhan telah memberikan kita kemudahan ini)|image_skyline=Liverpool Montage.jpg|image_caption=Searah jarum jam dari atas-kiri: [[The Cavern Club]], ''Three Graces'' of the [[Pier Head]] ([[Liver Building]], [[Cunard Building]] dan [[Port of Liverpool Building]]), latar langit dari distrik bisnis Liverpool, [[Albert Dock]] dan [[St George's Hall, Liverpool|St George's Hall]]|imagesize=270px|image_blank_emblem=Coat of arms of Liverpool City Council.svg|blank_emblem_type=Lambang Dewan Kota Liverpool|blank_emblem_size=125px|image_map=EnglandLiverpool.png|mapsize=200 * 247|map_caption=Lokasi di Inggris <!-- Location ------------------>|coordinates_region=GB|subdivision_type=Kedaulatan|subdivision_name={{bendera|Britania Raya}}|subdivision_type1=[[Negara konstituen|Konstituensi]]|subdivision_name1={{bendera|Inggris}}|subdivision_type2=[[Wilayah di Inggris|Region]]|subdivision_name2=[[Inggris Barat Laut]]|subdivision_type3=[[County seremonial di Inggris|County seremonial]]|subdivision_name3=[[Merseyside]]|subdivision_type4=Kantor pusat|subdivision_name4=[[Liverpool City Centre]] <!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=[[Borough metropolitan]], [[Kota]]|leader_title=Badan&nbsp;pemerintahan|leader_name=[[Dewan Kota Liverpool]]|leader_title1=[[Pemerintahan daerah di Inggris|Kepemimpinan]]:|leader_name1=Wali kota] & Kabinet|leader_title2=Eksekutif:|leader_name2=[[Partai Buruh (Britania Raya)|Partai Buruh]]|leader_title3=Wali kota|leader_name3=[[Joe Anderson]] ([[Partai Buruh (Britania Raya)|Partai Buruh]])|leader_title4=[[Daftar AP terpilih dalam pemilihan umum Britania Raya 2010|AP]]:|leader_name4=[[Steve Rotherham]] ([[Partai Buruh (Britania Raya)|Buruh]]),<br />[[Stephen Twigg]] (Buruh),<br />[[Louise Ellman]] (Buruh),<br />[[Luciana Berger]] (Buruh),<br />[[Maria Eagle]] (Buruh)|established_title=Didirikan|established_date=1207|established_title2=Status kota|established_date2=1880|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=<!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=111,84<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2011|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total={{English district population|GSS=E08000012}} ([[Daftar distrik di Inggris menurut populasi|Peringkat ke-9]])|population_density_km2=3889|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=2.241.000 ([[Merseyside]])|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Etnis<br /><small>(Perk. Juni 2009)<ref name=ethnicity>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276787&c=liverpool&d=13&e=13&g=359393&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1305914899812&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812|title=Neighbourhood Statistics: Resident Population Estimates by Ethnic Group (Percentages)|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2011-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118095128/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276787&c=liverpool&d=13&e=13&g=359393&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1305914899812&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812|archive-date=2017-01-18|url-status=dead}}</ref></small>|population_blank1={{Collapsible list | title = Kelompok etnis | frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; <!--NOTICE: This will hide the borders and make rows closer (padding)--> | title_style = | list_style = text-align:left;display:none; | 1 = '''91.0% Kulit putih''' | 2 = 86.3% Kulit putih Britania | 3 = 1.0% Kulit putih Irlandia | 4 = 3.7% Kulit putih lainnya | 5 = &nbsp; | 6 = '''2.0% Ras campuran''' | 7 = 0.6% Kulit hitam Karibia dan putih | 8 = 0.4% Kulit hitam Afrika dan putih | 9 = 0.5% Asia Selatan dan putih | 10 = 0.5% Campuran lainnya | 11 = &nbsp; | 12 = '''3.0% Asia Britania''' | 13 = 1.5% India | 14 = 0.7% Pakistan | 15 = 0.3% Bangladesh | 16 = 0.5% Asia lainnya | 17 = &nbsp; | 18 = '''1.9% Kulit hitam''' | 19 = 0.5% Karibia | 20 = 1.1% Afrika | 21 = 0.3% Lainnya | 22 = &nbsp; | 23 = '''2.1% Cina dan lainnya''' | 24 = 1.1% Cina | 25 = 1.0% Lainnya}}|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=|blank4_name=[[Demonim]]|blank4_info=[[Scouser]]/[[Liverpudlian]] <!-- General information --------------->|timezone=[[Waktu Greenwich]]|utc_offset=+0|timezone_DST=[[British Summer Time]]|utc_offset_DST=+1|latd=53|latm=24|lats=|latNS=N|longd=2|longm=59|longs=|longEW=W|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use<ref> </ref> tags-->|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=230 <!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=Kode pos|postal_code=[[Wilayah kode pos L|L]]|area_code=0151|blank_name=[[ISO 3166-2:GB|ISO 3166-2]]|blank_info=GB-LIV|blank1_name=[[Kode ONS]]|blank1_info=00BY (ONS)<br />E08000012 (GSS)|blank2_name=[[Sistem grid Britania|Sistem grid OS]]|blank2_info={{gbmappingsmall|SJ3490}}|blank3_name=[[NUTS]] 3|blank3_info=UKD52|website=[http://www.liverpool.gov.uk/ http://www.liverpool.gov.uk/]|footnotes=}} <references /> '''Liverpool ya''' iku sawijining [[kutha]] lan [[Kawedanan Kutha|kawedanan kutha]] ing Merseyside, [[Inggris]].Liverpool dumunung ing sisih wétané muwara Kali [[Muara|Mersey]] ing sisih lor-kulon [[Inggris]]. Liverpool diwangun ing ndhuwuré wewengkon [[gumuk]] sing orang dhuwur. Gumuk sing dhuwur dhéwé ya iku Gumuk Everton kanthi dhuwur mung 70 meter. Wewengkon kutha Liverpool jumèrèng nganti Bootle lan Crosby ing wewengkon Sefton ing sisih lor, lan menyang wewengkon Huyton lan prescot ing wewengkon Knowsley ing sisih wétan. Parané Liverpool ngadhep Wallasey lan Birkenhead ing sabrang Kali Mersey ing sisih kulon. Punjeré kutha Liverpool dumunung sawatara 8 kilometer saka Teluk Liverpool lan Sagara Irlan. Liverpool dikelola déning Dewan Kota Liverpool, ya iku salah sawijining 5 Dewan ing Wilayah Pakuthan Merseyside. Liverpool minangka salah sawijining kutha utama lan nduwé padunung akèh dhéwé nomer lima ing nagara Inggris kanthi populasi 441.477 ing taun 2002, lan ing konurbasi Merseyside, populasiné tekan 1.362.026 jiwa. Warga Liverpool diarani Liverpudlians lan dijuluki "Scousers", sing dijupuk saka 'scouse', ya iku arane sawijining panganan kang dikukus ing kana. Nanging aran Scouse saiki luwih dimaksudaké kanggo aran dhialèké wong-wong Liverpool. Ing pungkasan abad kaping 19, Liverpool ngaku minangka "Plabuhan Kakaisaran Kapindho Krajan Britaniya" amarga ngontrol jumlah kargo gedhé dhéwé nomer loro sawise London. Liverpool uga minangka pusat indhustri, nanging ing abad kaping 20, Liverpool kelangan indhustri-indhustriné banjur ékonominé ambruk. Saiki uwes ékonominé Liverpool mundhak maneh.Liverpool misuwur minangka pusat budaya, utamané gegayutan karo musik pop; Liverpool dadi papan lairé [[The Beatles]], Cilla Black lan Gerry lan The Pacemakers. Ing taun 2008, Liverpool nyekel gelar "Kutha Krajan ''Kabudayan'' Eropa". Tembang sing diadaptasi dening Gerry lan The Pacemakers, minangka tembang misuwur dhéwé ing warga Liverpool, utamane Kopites, yaiku ' ''You'll Never Walk Alone''' sing dadi ''tembang'' klub bal-balan Liverpool FC. Ing sajarah bal-balan, suporter saka kutha iki kapérang dadi rong sisi, abang lan biru, yaiku suporter [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC]] (julukan Kopites) lan [[Everton F.C.|Everton FC]] (julukan Evertonians). mmdg5c7pq9h93up1xrkwncnwak80upg Grebeg Besar Demak 0 193665 1759985 1748809 2026-11-05T19:56:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759985 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grebeg Besar Demak''' inggih punika perayaan ingkang dipun lampahaken sawarsa sapisan ing sasi [[Dzulhijjah]] déning masarakat [[Muslim|Islam]] ing [[Masjid Agung Demak]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pariwisata.demakkab.go.id/13311-2/|title=Tradisi Grebeg Besar|last=Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Demak|date=2022-05-31|website=Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Demak|access-date=2023-02-03|archive-date=2023-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203135328/https://pariwisata.demakkab.go.id/13311-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bentuk kagiyatan wonten Grebeg Besar inggih punika [[Ziarah Kubur|ziarah]] dhateng [[Kuburan|pesaréyan]] para [[sultan]] ing [[Kasultanan Demak]] kaliyan pesaréyan [[Sunan Kalijaga]]. Ing dalu sadèrèngipun tanggal 10 Dzulhijjah, dipun wontenaken acara Tumpeng Sanga, kaliyan ing [[Kadilangu, Demak, Demak|Kadilangu]] dipun wontenaken Slametan Ancakan. Énjing ing tanggal 10 Dzulhijjah, masarakat nindakaken [[Salat|shalat]] [[Idul Adha]] ing Masjid Agung Demak. Sasampunipun punika, dipun lampahaken ritual utami saking rangkéan kagiyatan Grebeg Besar Demak arupi jamasan pusaka ingkang dipun sebat kaliyan "ubarampé". Grebeg Besar Demak berfungsi dados upacara adat, hiburan, média komunikasi, panyawijen [[nilai sosial]], kaliyan obyèk [[Pariwisata|wisata]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Setiyarini|first=|date=2011|title=Ritual Grebek Besar di Demak Kajian Makna, Fungsi dan Nilai|url=https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jpppasca/article/download/1541/1717|journal=Jurnal PP|volume=1|issue=2|pages=168|doi=|access-date=2023-02-02|archive-date=2018-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504020626/https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jpppasca/article/download/1541/1717|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kejawi kagiyatan ingkang dipun sebataken saderengipun, ing Grebeg Besar kadhang-kadhang dipun wontenaken rangkéan arak-arakan utawi iring-iringan saking [[pendhapa]] [[Kabupatèn Demak]]. Nanging, saleresipun arak-arakan punika sanès pérangan saking [[tradhisi]] kaliyan dipun lampahaken namung kangge ngramekaken utawi kawigatosan wisata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radarsemarang.jawapos.com/berita/jateng/demak/2022/07/14/arak-arakan-grebeg-besar-hanya-kreasi/|title=Arak-Arakan Grebeg Besar Hanya Kreasi|last=Pribadi|first=Wahib|date=2022-07-14|website=Radar Semarang|language=|access-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202154320/https://radarsemarang.jawapos.com/berita/jateng/demak/2022/07/14/arak-arakan-grebeg-besar-hanya-kreasi/|archive-date=2023-02-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Asalipun Grebeg Besar == Grebeg Besar asalipun saking kalih tembung [[basa Jawa|basa Jawi]] inggih punika Grebeg kaliyan Besar. Grebeg gadhah artos suwanten angin ingkang sumilir. Grebeg ugi angsal dipun artosaken dados pengiring utawi pakempalan. Déné tembung Besar inggih punika namaning sasi Dzulhijjah lebeting basa Jawi. Mila Grebeg Besar gadhah makna inggih punika pakempalan masarakat Islam ing sasi Dzulhijjah. Pakempalan punika dipun lampahaken ing Masjid Agung Demak.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ahmad|first=Nur|date=2013|title=Perayaan Grebeg Besar Demak sebagai Sarana Religi dalam Komunikasi Dakwah|url=https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/komunikasi/article/download/437/462|journal=At-Tabsyir|volume=1|issue=2|pages=8|doi=|access-date=2023-02-02|archive-date=2023-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809015117/https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/komunikasi/article/download/437/462|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Lampahan == [[Grebeg Besar]] dipun wiwiti kanthi nglebeti plataran Mesjid Agung Demak, dipun ajengaken tumuju pasaréyan para sultan ing Kasultanan Demak kaliyan pasaréyanipun Sunan Kalijaga ing Demak. Para paziarah lajeng dipun sukakaken [[informasi]] bab tata cara ziarah dening juru panuntun kaliyan dipun suwun supados reresik utawi [[Wudu|bersuci]] langkung rumiyin sadèrèngipun ziarah. Kagiyatan ziarah dipun wiwiti ing tanggal 1 Dzulhijjah sasampunipun salat Asar. Wonten ing dalu sadèrèngipun perayaan Idul Adha dipun wontenaken [[Pasar wengi|peken dalu]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marwoto, Soetomo, S., Setioko, B., dan Musaddun|first=|date=Oktober 2018|title=‘Ngalab Berkah’ pada Ruang Ritual Tradisi dan Religi Masjid Agung Demak|url=https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/jaz/article/download/12394/8015|journal=Jurnal Arsitektur Zonasi|volume=1|issue=2|pages=92|doi=10.17509/jaz.v1i2.12394}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Islam]] [[Kategori:Antropologi]] [[Kategori:Upacara Agama]] [[Kategori:Warisan budaya]] [[Kategori:WikiPusaka]] qfxs6e0wsu81msh1dziwopqnig191ib Gemblak 0 193686 1759969 1757447 2026-11-05T18:54:53Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{artikel ing krama}} '''Gemblak''' ([[aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦒꦼꦩ꧀ꦧ꧀ꦭꦏ꧀; [[basa Indonésia]]: ''Gemblak'') inggih punika tilas pambeksa ing pagelaran [[réyog]] ingkang wonten gandhèng cènèngipun kalihan [[warok]]. Gemblak punika laré jaler ingkang bagus rupanipun sarta gesang sesarengan kalihan paguyuban warok sadangunipun kalih taun.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-3813212/ini-cerita-miring-gemblak-di-ponorogo|title=Ini Cerita Miring Gemblak di Ponorogo|date=13 Januari 2018|work=detikNews|access-date=9 Fèbruari 2020|first=Charolin|last=Pebrianti|archive-date=2023-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324102003/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-3813212/ini-cerita-miring-gemblak-di-ponorogo|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gemblak dipun lamar mawi rajakaya [[sapi|lembu]] utawi [[sawah|sabin]]. Maskawin punika dipun paringaken dhumateng kulawarginipun gemblak, ingkang salajengipun gemblakipun gesang sareng kalihan warok tumut grombolanipun mubeng dhateng kathah panggènan kanggé ngramèkaken pagelaran réyog.<ref name="vice-gemblak">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/id_id/article/vb9m8b/relasi-mistis-dan-sensual-rumit-antara-warok-gemblak-di-ponorogo|title=Relasi Mistis dan Sensual Rumit Antara Warok-Gemblak di Ponorogo|date=23 April 2019|author=Muhammad Ishomuddin|website=VICE|access-date=9 Fèbruari 2020|archive-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304151922/https://www.vice.com/id_id/article/vb9m8b/relasi-mistis-dan-sensual-rumit-antara-warok-gemblak-di-ponorogo|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Warok kalihan gemblak == Warok inggih punika sesebatan kanggé tiyang jaler ingkang gadhah sipat [[ksatriya]], bebudèn luhur, kalihan ndarbèni kaluhuran ing lingkungan [[masarakat]]. Kawitanipun, warok dipun gambaraken minangka tiyang ingkang gadhah ngèlmu kanuragan. Para warok ingkang péngin nggayuh ngèlmu kalihan kasektènipun kedah nglampahi "pasa èstri" utawi boten angsal cumbana kalihan [[wadon|tiyang èstri]], nanging angsal kalihan laré jaler yuswa 11–15 taun. Laku punika asring dipun arani kalihan ''gemblakan''.<ref name="vice-gemblak" /> Warok kénging rabi kalihan tiyang èstri minangka garwanipun, nanging piyambakipun bokbilih taksih saged ndarbèni gemblakipun. Bab punika ingkang njalari sambetan ''Warok-Gemblakan'' mèmper kalihan tradhisi ''perjantanan'' wonten ing Yunani kina. Sinten mawon ingkang mangertèni cara gesang tradhisional ing [[Kabupatèn Panaraga|Panaraga]] bakal sumerep bilih wonten tiyang jaler langkung sepuh aran warok boten cumbana kalihan garwanipun, nanging cumbana kalihan laré jaler ingkang langkung enèm.<ref name="intersections">{{Cite web|url=http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue2/Oetomo.html|title=Talks on Reyog Ponorogo - Intersections : gender, history and culture in the Asian context|date=2 Mèi 1999|website=intersections.anu.edu.au|publisher=Perth, W.A: Murdoch University, School of Asian Studies|access-date=9 Fèbruari 2020|archive-date=2020-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304151451/http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue2/Oetomo.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bokbilih ingkang dipun lampahi warok kalihan gemblak punika saged sinebat tumindak homosèksual, nanging piyambakipun boten naté ngidhèntifikasi minangka tiyang homosèksual, nanging bakal ngarani mawi istilah ''warok-gemblakan''.<ref name="vice-gemblak" /><ref name="intersections" /><ref name="jawapos-gemblak" /> Warok ingkang sugih bandha ngontrak gemblak tuwin asring dipun paringi [[panganan|dhedhaharan]] énak, dipun ajak mlampah-mlampah, dipun paringi rerenggan, kalihan ngantos ngedalaken [[dhuwit|arta]] kanggé sekolah kalihan sangu gemblakipun.<ref name="jawapos-gemblak">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jawapos.com/jpg-today/19/09/2017/misteri-kehidupan-malam-warok-gemblak/|title=Misteri Kehidupan Malam Warok-Gemblak|date=19 September 2017|website=JawaPos.com|access-date=9 Fèbruari 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://majalah.tempo.co/read/perilaku/32397/pengakuan-seorang-warok|title=Pengakuan seorang warok|date=10 Oktober 1987|work=Tempo|publisher=Tempo|access-date=9 Fèbruari 2020|last=Darsono|first=Budiono|language=}}</ref> Senajan pikantuk kamulyan, sadangunipun dipun kontrak, gemblak kedah ngabdi dhumateng warokipun kalihan manut saben pituturipun. Senajan ''gemblakan'' asring dipun anggep minangka [[homosèksualitas]], warok kalihan gemblak gadhah sambetan ingkang raket kados ta bapak kalihan larénipun ing prakawis [[pandhidhikan|pawiyatan]]. Warok mulang gemblak kados pundi gesang ingkang wicaksana kalihan ing tatakrama, mulang mbeksa kanggé pagelaran Réyog, kalihan nyekolahaken gemblakipun.<ref name="jawapos-gemblak" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://majalah.tempo.co/read/perilaku/32396/dari-mata-turun-ke-gemblak|title=Dari mata turun ke gemblak|date=10 Oktober 1987|work=Tempo|publisher=Tempo|access-date=9 Fèbruari 2020|language=}}</ref> Samangké tumindakipun warok kalihan gemblak dipun tentang déning pangarsa agami lumantar lelawanan moral publik. Pramila, samangké pagelaran Réyog Panaraga awis sanget mitontonaken gemblak, laré jaler ingkang bagus rupanipun ingkang nunggangi [[jaran|kapal]]. Sapréné lakon ''gemblakan'' dipun gantos kalihan [[Jathilan|Jathil]], prajurit èstri ingkang nunggangi kapal képang.{{sfn|Asmoro|2013}} == Budaya populèr == Cariyos warok kalihan gemblak mlebet ing filem ''Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ussfeed.com/tabu-di-tengah-tradisi-diangkat-dalam-film-kucumbu-tubuh-indahku/pop-culture/|title=Kisah Tabu di Tengah Tradisi Diangkat Dalam Film 'Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku'|last=Gafara|first=Ghesa|date=11 Maret 2019|website=USS Feed|access-date=2 Fèbruari 2023}}</ref> == Ugi pirsani == * [[Homosèksualitas ing Indonésia]] * [[Réyog|Réyog Panaraga]] * [[Warok]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Waosan lajengan == * {{citation|last=Asmoro|first=Achmad|title=Pasang Surut Dominasi Islam terhadap Kesenian Reog Ponorogo|year=2013|publisher=Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung|url=https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/149675|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202141540/https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/149675|access-date=2023-02-02|archive-date=2023-02-02|url-status=dead}} == Pranala jawi == * {{Wiktionary-inline|id:gemblak|gemblak}} [[Kategori:Kagunan Jawa]] [[Kategori:Budaya Jawa]] [[Kategori:Budaya Indhonésia]] [[Kategori:Warisan budaya dudu barang Indhonésia]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Panaraga]] [[Kategori:WikiPusaka]] 3xo62f0zngh6cr44w60rhp60x2a0mdy Hak-hakan 0 193762 1760010 1748814 2026-11-05T20:59:54Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{artikel ing krama}} '''Hak-hakan''' inggih punika kagunan ingkang asalipun saking [[Kabupatèn Wanasaba|Wanasaba]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]]. Kagunan punika tinepang kawit warsa 1921 ingkang gegayutan kaliyan prakawis tetanèn wonten ing Dhusun Kaliyasa, Désa Tegalamba, Kacamatan Kalijajar.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Budaya Masyarakat Suku Bangsa Jawa di Kabupaten Wonosobo Jawa Tengah|last=Salamun|first=dkk|publisher=Balai Kajian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Yogyakarta|year=2002|isbn=|location=Yogyakarta|pages=91}}</ref> Tradhisi hak-hakan asalipun saking satunggiling dhusun ingkang dipun dunungi sawetawis [[kulawarga]]. Dhusun punika gadhah masalah bab kawontenaning [[banyu|toya]] nalika ajeng [[tandur|tanem]]. Mila bebrayan dhusun punika sami ngawontenaken pirembagan kaliyan madosi sumber toya dumugi laladan Muncar. Sumber toya ingkang kapanggih ing Muncar dipun paringi nami sumber ''buda''. Lajeng dipun damel pangilèning toya saking sumber buda tumuju dhusun punika. Pandamelan pangilènipun boten gampil kados ingkang dipun bayangaken. Para warga makarya peng-pengan ngratakaken [[gunung|redi]] kaliyan tanah miring, nyingkrihaken watu ageng kaliyan ngresiki wit ingkang ngalangi dalaning toya. Ing wekasanipun, toyanipun saged dipun ilèkaken dhumateng dhusun. Pangilèn punika dipun arani “Kaliyasa” ingkang ateges lepèn ingkang dipun damel sesarengan. Tanah [[sawah|sabin]] dados subur tur sangsaya dangu laladanipun dumados dhusun ingkang reja. Dhusun punika wekasanipun ugi karan “Kaliyasa” sami kados pangilèn toya ingkang dipun damel.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Penetapan Warisan Budaya Takbenda Indonesia Tahun 2018|last=Penyusun|first=Tim|publisher=Direktorat Warisan dan Diplomasi Budaya|year=2018|isbn=|location=Jakarta|pages=213-214}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Handayani|first=Setyati Dyah|last2=Jazuli|first2=Muhammad|last3=Utomo|first3=Udi|date=Novèmber 2018|title=The Symbolical Interaction of Inter Dance Performers in Hak-Hakan performance in The Ritual Ceremony in Kaliyoso, Tegalombo, Kalikajar, Wonosobo|url=https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/catharsis/article/view/16958|journal=Catharsis|language=en|volume=7|issue=3|pages=338–347|doi=|issn=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207131607/https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/catharsis/article/view/16958|archive-date=2023-02-07|access-date=2023-02-07|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://visitjawatengah.jatengprov.go.id/detailwisata.php?9fe8593a8a330607d76796b35c64c600-678-Tari%20Hak%20-%20Hakan|title=Tari Hak - Hakan Wonosobo {{!}} DINAS PEMUDA OLAHRAGA DAN PARIWISATA PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH|website=visitjawatengah.jatengprov.go.id|access-date=2019-02-19|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207130111/https://visitjawatengah.jatengprov.go.id/detailwisata.php?9fe8593a8a330607d76796b35c64c600-678-Tari%20Hak%20-%20Hakan|url-status=dead}}</ref> Minangka wujud sukur, bebrayan ing Kaliyasa mèngeti kabingahanipun mawi tradhisi hak-hakan ingkang dipun leksanakaken saben taun, nanging boten wonten titikanipun wanci kapan paleksananipun. Senajan ta boten wonten, tradhisi punika limrahipun dipun leksanakaken sasampunipun panèn.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Sujarno|first=|date=Dhésèmber 2013|title=Tradisi Hak-Hakan di Wonosobo (Salah Satu Sarana Pendidikan Karakter di Masyarakat Pedesaan)|url=http://slims.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=19532&keywords=|journal=Jantra (Jurnal Sejarah dan Budaya)|volume=Vol. 8, No. 2|issue=|doi=|pmid=|access-date=}}, p. 171</ref> == Tata cara == Tata cara hak-hakan dumados saking: === Sujarah === Tradhisi hak-hakan dipun wiwiti kanthi nindakaken [[sujarah]] dhumateng patilasan kaliyan makam para leluhur. Bab punika nggadhahi ancas kagem pangèling lelabuhaning para leluhur ingkang sampun berjuang nentremaken pagesangan bebrayan ing Kaliyasa.<ref name=":0" /> === Pagelaran seni tayub === Seni tayub wonten salebeting tradhisi hak-hakan inggih punika satunggaling beksan kagem pakurmatan dhumateng arwahipun para leluhur, pramila kedah tansah dipun wontenaken. Sadangunipun paméntasan seni tayub, wonten ingkang ingaran ''nyawanggati'' (para warga ingkang ngajak bayinipun). Nyawanggati punika tiyang ingkang sampun nindakaken ''nazar'', upaminipun “sésuk yèn merti dhusun anak iki arep dak gawa menyang tayuban”. Ing ngriki piyambakipun ajeng nyuwun tulung tlèdhèk (juru nembang tayub) nembang kaliyan mbeksa tumrap bayinipun ingkang ancasipun kagem ngéndhani sawan kaliyan salajengipun dipun paringi sawéran.<ref name=":0" /> === Pagelaran beksan ageng-agengan === Pagelaran beksan dipun wiwiti mawi upacara prasaja kanthi nyawisaken sajèn ingkang dipun arak saking griya kepala dhusun dumugi papan pagelaran. Ugi wonten beksan arupi ébah-ébahan mbabad alas, ndamel dam, ndamel kalèn, kaliyan ngresiki kalèn. Saben tata cara wonten ing salebeting beksan punika tinengeran kaliyan senggakan ''alok-alok husé''.<ref name=":0" /> === Pagelaran wayang kulit === Ing pagelaran [[wayang kulit]], wonten cariyos utawi [[Sandiwara|lakon]] ingkang dipun péntasaken aran “Rama Tambak”. Ing [[Sandiwara|lakon]] punika dhalang kedah nyumerepi kekarepaning bebrayan Kaliyasa, inggih punika mungsuh-mungsuh Sri Rama kedah dipun kalahaken utawi dipun surudaken. Ing ngriki wonten raos sumelang saking kapitadosanipun bebrayan Kaliyasa, inggih punika bilih [[prajurit]] saking [[Alengka|Ngalengka]] boten saged dipun kalahaken mila dam kaliyan kalèn gadhahipun para warga bakal ngalami karusakan. Pagelaran [[wayang]] dipun wiwiti tabuh 22.00-05.00 WIB. Rerangkèn tradhisi hak-hakan tinutup kaliyan pangajian ingkang manggèn ing Masjid Dhusun Kaliyasa.<ref name=":0" /> == Piguna == Tradhisi hak-hakan gadhah sawetawis piguna: # Palestantunan lingkungan #: Tradhisi hak-hakan minangka pralambang nglestantunaken alam, yèku wujud sukur dhumateng kawontenaning toya ing lumahing bumi. # Palestantunan budaya #: Kanthi kaleksananipun tradhisi hak-hakan saben taun, wonten pangajab amrih tradhisi punika saged dados warisan budaya tumrap kadang kanèman. Bab punika amergi tradhisi hak-hakan kaumpamikaken minangka gambaran lelampahaning pagesangan jalma ingkang sedayanipun minangka kanugrahan saking Gusti kagem dipun lestantunaken.<ref name=":0" /> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Kagunan Jawa]] [[Kategori:Budaya Jawa]] [[Kategori:Warisan budaya dudu barang Indhonésia]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Wanasaba]] [[Kategori:WikiPusaka]] kreixl8ldn25c1s5ehasetxfbssb25t Mi lethek 0 193769 1760284 1741285 2026-11-06T11:31:07Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Makanan | name = Mi lethek | image = Mie lethek.jpg | caption = Mi lethek | alternate_name = | country = [[Indonésia]] | region = Bantul, Daérah Istiméwa Ngayogyakarta | creator = | course = | served = Anget | main_ingredient = Glepung gaplèk, glepung kanji | variations = | calories = | other = }} {{artikel ing krama}} '''Mi lethek''' inggih punika dhaharan khas ingkang asalipun saking [[Srandakan, Bantul|Kacamatan Srandakan]], [[Kabupatèn Bantul]], [[Daérah Istiméwa Yogyakarta|Daérah Istiméwa Ngayogyakarta]]. Mi punika bahan utaminipun saking glepung [[gaplèk]] kaliyan [[glepung kanji]] ingkang pandamelanipun ngginakaken tenaga lembu lanang. Tembung "lethek" dipun anggé amergi werni mi-nipun soklat, katingal radi reged.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.krjogja.com/wisata/read/403789/mie-lethek-mie-legendaris-bantul-yang-tidak-selethek-namanya|title=Mie Lethek, Mie Legendaris Bantul yang Tidak Se'lethek' Namanya|website=Kedaulatan Rakyat|language=|date=7 Fèbruari 2019|access-date=8 Fèbruari 2023|last=Agus}}</ref> Senajan ta dipun wastani mi ''lethek'', nanging prosès pandamelan mi-nipun higiyènis utawi resik. Mi punika kirang misuwur ing [[Kutha Ngayogyakarta|Kitha Ngayogyakarta]] jalaran kalah saingan kaliyan mi pethak, mi kuning, kaliyan mi instan. Nanging, ing Bantul mi lethek misuwur tur dipun remeni déning masarakatipun.<ref name="seminar">{{Cite journal|last=Nugroho|first=Setyo P.|date=2021|title=Potensi Makanan Tradisional Mie Lethek Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|url=https://seminar.unmer.ac.id/index.php/senorita/senorita2/paper/viewFile/918/448|journal=Seminar Nasional Kepariwisataan #2|volume=2|issue=1|page=58-61|doi=|access-date=2023-02-08|archive-date=2023-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208120045/https://seminar.unmer.ac.id/index.php/senorita/senorita2/paper/viewFile/918/448|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/11/03/09210742/~Travel~News|title=Meski Kusam, Mi Lethek Tetap Bertahan|last=Ardhi|first=Banar Fil|date=3 Maret 2011|website=KOMPAS.com|language=|access-date=8 Fèbruari 2023}}</ref> == Sajarah == Rikala taun 1920-an, Umar Yassir saking [[Yaman]] tindak dhumateng Ngayogyakarta kagem dakwah kaliyan nyebaraken agami [[Islam]]. Ing Ngayogakarta, piyambakipun boten saged caturan nganggé [[basa Jawa|basa Jawi]]. Para warga lajeng nepangaken piyambakipun dhumateng Kyai Bakir ingkang saged [[basa Arab]] dalah ngandharaken tujuanipun. Sasampunipun gineman, Kyai Bakir ngeteraken piyambakipun dhumateng [[Srandakan, Bantul]]. Ing ngrika Umar nyebaraken dakwahipun kaliyan nyumerepi kados pundi pagesangan bebrayan ing Srandakan. Umar gadhah pamanggih bilih bebrayan ing Srandakan boten namung mbetahaken [[dhuwit|yatra]], nanging malah langkung mbetahaken dhaharan. Kanthi mekaten, ing taun 1940, piyambakipun ngyasa pabrik mi ingkang bahanipun gampil kapanggih ing Srandakan.<ref name="GNFI">{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2020/05/16/mi-lethek-kuliner-legendaris-yogyakarta|title=Mi Lethek, Kuliner Legendaris Yogyakarta|last=Hidayat|first=Pandu|website=Good News From Indonesia|language=|date=16 Mèi 2020|access-date=8 Fèbruari 2023}}</ref><ref name="seminar" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/mie-lethek-makanan-organik-lokal-yang-digemari-obama/3926806.html|title=Mie Lethek, Makanan Organik Lokal Yang Digemari Barack Obama|website=VOA Indonesia|last=Sahana|first=Munarsih|date=4 Juli 2017|access-date=8 Fèbruari 2023}}</ref> Pabrik kagunganipun Umar punika aran pabrik mi cap Garuda ingkang naté dipun tutup nalika taun 1983 dumugi 2003 jalaran tiyang-tiyang ingkang nyambut damel pindhah pakaryanipun dados tukang golèk wedhi kaliyan watu ing Lèpèn Praga. Nanging, nalika wedhi kaliyan watu ing lèpèn saya nipis, para warga nyuwun tulung dhumateng kulawarganipun Umar amrih pabrikipun dipun bikak malih. Pabrik mi cap Garuda punika ngantos sapréné taksih lumampah.<ref name="indosiar">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indosiar.com/ragam/44165/mie-lethek-yang-melegenda|title=Mie Lethek yang Melegenda|last=Hariyani|first=Ninok|website=Indosiar|language=|date=31 Agustus 2005|access-date=8 Fèbruari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518113745/http://www.indosiar.com/ragam/44165/mie-lethek-yang-melegenda|archive-date=18 Mèi 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="GNFI" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/ditwdb/mie-lethek-2/|title=Mie Lethek|last=|date=16 Sèptèmber 2019|website=Direktorat Warisan dan Diplomasi Budaya|language=|access-date=8 Fèbruari 2023|archive-date=2023-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208121555/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/ditwdb/mie-lethek-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Pandamelan mi == [[Barkas:Proses Pembuatan Mie Lethek Srandakan Bantul.jpg|thumb|Pandamelan mi lethek ingkang taksih ngginakaken tenaga lembu.]] Bahan utami mi lethek dumados saking glepung gaplèk kaliyan kanji. Glepung gaplèk dipun kungkum dangunipun sekawan dinten. Saben dintenipun, [[banyu|toya]] kumkumanipun kedah dipun gantos ping sekawan. Sasampunipun dipun kungkum, adhonanipun lajeng dipun giles ngginakaken [[watu]] ageng saperlu ngratakaken sarta nyampuraken adhonanipun kaliyan glepung kanji. Panggilesan punika dipun tenagani kaliyan [[sapi|lembu]] lanang udakawis setunggal jam amrih kekalih glepungipun kacampur wrata kanthi sampurna. Nalika adhonanipun sampun kalis, lajeng dipun padhetaken kaliyan dipun potong awujud pesagi panjang mawi ukuran 20 cm x 30 cm x 20 cm. Adhonan wau salajengipun dipun kukus udakawis 90 menit kaliyan dipun adhemaken dangunipun setunggal wengi. Adhonan ingkang sampun adhem dipun giles malih kaliyan kawewahan glepung kanji malih. Nalika taap-taap punika sampun rampung, lajeng adhonan ingkang kalis tur wrata dipun cithak mawi cithakan mi.<ref name="seminar" /> Pirantos kagem nyithak mi lethek wonten ingkang modhèren kaliyan tradhisional. Pirantos cithakan vèrsi tradhisional ingaran tarikan. Tarikan punika mbetahaken tiyang wolu saperlu nglampahaken pirantosipun. Tugas kagem nglampahaken pirantosipun dipun tindakaken déning tiyang ingkang ngidak [[kayu|kajeng]] mawi dhiamèter 40 cm ingaran munyuk jalaran anggènipun mobah yun-yunan kados ta munyuk, ugi wonten tiyang-tiyang ingkang narik kajeng ingaran methit. Adhonanipun dipun lebetaken dhumateng lumpang utawi jebung ingkang ing andhapipun sampun kapasang saringan kagem nyithak adhonan dados mi. Mi ingkang sampun dipun cithak lajeng dipun pépé ngantos garing.<ref name="indosiar" /> Pabrik mi lethek ing Dhusun Bendho, Désa Trimurti, Srandakan, mi lethekipun dipun sadé wonten ing pasar-pasar Bantul, [[Pasar Beringharja]], kulakan, malah dumugi Jawi Kilèn. Nanging, boten dipun sadé dhumateng Jawi Wétan amergi cacah prodhuksinipun dèrèng saged nggayuh pasar Jawi Wétan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nurhayati|first=|date=2020|title=Mi Lethek Bendho|url=https://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/123456789/105542|edition=|location=Jember|publisher=UPT Percetakan & Penerbitan Universitas Jember|page=23|isbn=978-623-7973-16-4|oclc=|access-date=2023-02-08|archive-date=2023-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208120041/https://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/123456789/105542|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Pangolahan mi == Kados mi-mi limrah, mi lethek dipun olahi kanthi cara dipun [[mi gorèng|gorèng]] kaliyan [[mi godhog|godhog]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://food.detik.com/info-kuliner/d-5670236/5-mie-jawa-paling-enak-ada-mie-godog-hingga-mie-lethek/2|title=5 Mie Jawa Paling Enak, Ada Mie Godog hingga Mie Lethek|last=Sari|first=Yenny Mustika|website=detikFood|language=|date=6 Agustus 2021|access-date=8 Fèbruari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208120041/https://food.detik.com/info-kuliner/d-5670236/5-mie-jawa-paling-enak-ada-mie-godog-hingga-mie-lethek/2|archive-date=2023-02-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bumbunipun dipun damel saking racikan [[brambang]], [[bawang putih|bawang pethak]], [[mrica]], [[kemiri]], kaliyan [[uyah|sarem]], wondéné lawuhipun nganggé [[endhog|tigan]], suwiran ayam, kaliyan manéka [[sayuran|sayur]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://akurat.co/mie-lethek-si-butek-dari-jogja-yang-nampol|title=Mie Lethek, Si Butek dari Jogja yang Nampol|last=Sabel|first=Netha|date=15 Agustus 2019|website=Akurat.co|language=|access-date=8 Fèbruari 2023|archive-date=2023-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208120046/https://akurat.co/mie-lethek-si-butek-dari-jogja-yang-nampol|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} {{Masakan Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Panganan]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Bantul]] [[Kategori:WikiPusaka]] 872sgpxdbmbjhdjsp2yjlclnkchcq2u Jodhangan 0 193781 1760074 1759190 2026-11-06T00:29:49Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760074 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jodhangan''' ya iku tradhisi bebrayan tani ing [[Sélapamiara, Imagiri, Bantul|Désa Sélapamiara]], [[Imagiri, Bantul|Kapanéwon Imagiri]], [[Kabupatèn Bantul]]. Tradhisi jodhangan dileksanakaké saben taun nalika dina Ngahad Paing sasi [[Besar]] (Dzulhijah) manut [[pananggalan Jawa]] utawa [[Islam]]. Jodhangan iku tradhisi kanggo wujud sukur marang Allah kang sampun peparing rejeki lan asil bumi saha gemah ripah ing Sélapamiara. Tradhisi iki ginlear ing saubengé Guwa Cermé kang sakral utawa suci, papan patilasané Wali Sanga. == Asal-usul == Jodhangan wiwitané saka upacara [[bersih desa|merti dhusun]] kang dileksanakaké bebrayan ing Dhusun Srungga. Tradhisi iki katindakaké wis rada suwé utawa warisané para leluhur. Bebrayan lan pamaréntah saenggon sarujuk ngowahi tradhisi merti dhusun dadi jodhangan. Tradhisi jodhangan iki ditegesi bebrayan Dhusun Srungga minangka sedhekahan ([[slametan]] sawisé panèn). Ancasé iku, saliyané pocapan sukur marang Gusti Kang Maha Tunggal, uga dadi panjaluk supaya tansah pikantuk kaberkahan lan kawilujengan saka Gusti. Ancas kaselenggarakaké tradhisi jodhangan ing Guwa Cermé ya iku supaya saya ngrembaka tradhisiné lan dadi kawigatèné wong plesiran [[Indonésia]] saha manca, lan uga dadi objèk wisata réligius kang ing tembé bakal dadi telung dhomain pokok kang gegayutan, ya iku babagan [[agama]], [[budaya]], lan [[pariwisata]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/tribunjogja/docs/tribunjogja-08-11-2014/14|title=Jodhangan Goa Cerme|last=Tribun Jogja|first=|date=8 November 2018|website=Issuu|access-date=31 Mèi 2020|archive-date=11 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211143536/https://issuu.com/tribunjogja/docs/tribunjogja-08-11-2014/14|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://java-promo.com/kabupaten-bantul/|title=Jodhangan Gua Cerme|last=Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Sleman|first=|website=Kabupaten Bantul|access-date=31 Mèi 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529225840/https://java-promo.com/kabupaten-bantul/|archive-date=2023-05-29|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.solopos.com/objek-wisata-gua-di-bantul-butuh-perhatian-372227|title=Objek Wisata Gua Di Bantul Butuh Perhatian|last=Solo Pos|first=|date=25 Januari 2013|website=Solo Pos|access-date=31 Mèi 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Munawaroh|first=Siti|year=30 Mèi 2019|title=Jodhangan: Tradisi Agraris di Desa Selopamioro Imogiri|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbyogyakarta/jurnal-jantra-volume-14-nomor-1-juni-2019/|journal=Jantra|volume=14|issue=1|pages=96|doi=|access-date=2023-02-11|archive-date=2023-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327141716/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbyogyakarta/jurnal-jantra-volume-14-nomor-1-juni-2019/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tradhisi iki ingaran ''jodhangan'' sabab migunakaké jodhang-jodhang kanggo nggawa [[panganan]] utawa asil bumi ing upacara merti dhusun. Jodhang iku sajinising tandhu kang dipikul wong papat. Ing bagéan ndhuwur tandhu didèkèki sajinis kothak dawa saka kayu. Supaya katon apik, jodhang dipasangi rerenggan saéngga kaya omah cilik.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Upacara Tradisional Sekaten Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|last=Supanto|first=|date=1991|publisher=Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Pembinaan Nilai-Nilai Budaya|isbn=|location=Yogyakarta|pages=86|url-status=live}}</ref> Tradhisi jodhangan kawiwitan saka anané mitos ngenani Ratu Harnaya Rendra saka Karajan Giringlaya kang prihatin marang rakyaté kang kena lelara lan kaliren. Olèh pitutur saka punggawané, sang ratu njaluk tulung marang Resi Hadidari saka Désa Ngandhong Dhadhapan. Resi paring pramayoga supaya ing wiwitan taun ([[Sura]]) sakabèhing bebrayan padha ngresiki désa. Kanthi dianakaké merti désa mau, kadadéan lelara lan kaliren saya suda ing Désa Ngandhong Dhadhapan. Dhedhasar mitos iku, bebrayan banjur ngleksanakaké upacara merti dhusun/sedhekah bumi minangka pisungsung marang panguwasa kang ngyasa dhusun aran Kyai Srungga.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Munawaroh|first=Siti|year=30 Mèi 2019|title=Jodhangan: Tradisi Agraris di Desa Selopamioro Imogiri|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbyogyakarta/jurnal-jantra-volume-14-nomor-1-juni-2019/|journal=Jantra|volume=14|issue=1|pages=95|doi=|access-date=2023-02-11|archive-date=2023-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327141716/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbyogyakarta/jurnal-jantra-volume-14-nomor-1-juni-2019/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing parembakané, upacarané digayutaké karo para [[Walisanga]] kang tindak menyang Guwa Cermé. Miturut carita kang sumebar, ing jero Guwa Cermé iki tau ditemoni serban wali kang ceblok, satemah dadi papan-papan tinamtu lan dipadhakaké karo papan-papan suci agama Islam sarta jeneng-jeneng papan kang gegayutan karo sawiji kraton. Papan iku antarané: Banyu Zam-zam, Watu kaji, Mustaka, Paséban Jero, lan Paséban Jaba. Kajaba iku, ana mitos kang sumebar yèn ing Guwa Cermé ditunggoni sawenèh [[dhanyang]] cacah sanga, antarané dhanyang Kyai Tawang Gantungan, Kyai Kedhung Mlathi, Kyai Gadhung Kawuk, Kyai Minang Sukma, lan Nyai Éndhang Rantam Sari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://javaisbeautiful.com/2011/10/31/goa-cave-cerme-yogyakarta-indonesia/|title=Goa (Cave) Cerme, Yogyakarta, indonesia|last=Getaway Tours|first=|date=31 Oktober 2011|website=Getaway Tours|access-date=31 Mèi 2020}}</ref> == Prosèsi == === Lumakuning upacara === Tradhisi jodhangan katindakaké nalika dina Ngahad Paing sasi Besar (Dulhijjah) manut pananggalan Islam Jawa. Kala semana wewengkon ing saubengé Guwa Cermé lumayan reja lan regeng jalaran bebrayan Dhusun Srungga I lan II ngleksanakaké acara kajat kang ageng, ya iku jodhangan (sedhekahan utawa slametan sawisé panèn). Kagunan [[campursari]], kagunan [[jathilan]], slawatan, pagelaran [[wayang kulit]] uga mèlu ngramèkaké acara iki, satemah nambahi regenging kagiyatan acara jodhangan. Reroncènging prosèsi jodhangan ing saben taun panced panggah tanpa ana pangowahan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tasteofjogja.org/contentdetil.php?kat=artk&id=NjI3&fle=Y29udGVudC5waHA=&lback=a2F0PWFydGsmYXJ0a2thdD01JmZsZT1ZMjl1ZEdWdWRHUmxkR2xzTG5Cb2NBPT0mbGJhY2s9YTJGMFBXRnlkR3NtYVdROVRsUkZkeVptYkdVOVdUSTVkV1JIVm5Wa1F6VjNZVWhCUFNac1ltRmphejFoTWtZd1VGZEdlV1JIYzIxWldFb3dZVEowYUdSRU1IaE9hVnB6V1cxR2FtRjZNRDA9|title=Jodhangan Goa Cerme|last=Dinas Kebudayaan Provinsi DIY|first=|date=4 Sèptèmber 2015|website=Dinas Kebudayaan Provinsi DIY|access-date=31 Mèi 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211143532/http://www.tasteofjogja.org/contentdetil.php?kat=artk&id=NjI3&fle=Y29udGVudC5waHA=&lback=a2F0PWFydGsmYXJ0a2thdD01JmZsZT1ZMjl1ZEdWdWRHUmxkR2xzTG5Cb2NBPT0mbGJhY2s9YTJGMFBXRnlkR3NtYVdROVRsUkZkeVptYkdVOVdUSTVkV1JIVm5Wa1F6VjNZVWhCUFNac1ltRmphejFoTWtZd1VGZEdlV1JIYzIxWldFb3dZVEowYUdSRU1IaE9hVnB6V1cxR2FtRjZNRDA9|archive-date=2023-02-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sadurungé dina paleksanan tradhisi, nalika dina Jumuwah Kliwon sabubaré Jumuwahan, kabèh wong lanang Dhusun Srungga I lan II bareng-bareng reresik kuburan utawa makam dhusun. Soréné (malem Setu Legi) dianakaké tahlilan lan pitung lésan ing omahé pak RT. Pitung lésan ya iku acara donga arupa dzikir lan maca Surat Yasin kang ditujokaké marang para leluhur. Ing dina Setu Legi, para warga padha [[gugur gunung]] ngresiki dalan dhusun, panggon-panggon umum kaya plataran Guwa Cermé kang bakal didadèkaké panggoné upacara. Sauntara iku, ibu-ibu nyiapaké sakabèhé kabutuhan kang diperloni. Dina Ngahad Paing kurang luwih jam 09.00 WIB panyarta upacara jodhangan padha siyap-siyap nggawa barang-barang kang dibutuhaké, ya iku jodhang ambi isiné (sajèn) kang didèkèkaké ing bèsèk tumuju plataran Guwa Cermé. Ing sajeroning kagiyatan upacara, saben RT ngetokaké siji jodhang kang wragadé ditanggung bareng-bareng déning sawetara kepala kulawarga kang ana ing saben RT.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antarafoto.com/peristiwa/v1311588301/nyadran|title=Nyadran|last=Antara Foto|first=|date=25 Juli 2011|website=Antara Foto|access-date=31 Mèi 2020}}</ref> Jam 10.00 pas, iring-iringan upacara teka ing plataran guwa. Urutan paling ngarep yaiku rombongan kagunan, dituti para domas kang nggawa gedhang sanggan, lan paling wuri iku jodhang. Sawisé iring-iringan teka ing plataran Guwa Cermé, sabanjuré reroncèning acara bakal diwiwiti. Acara kapisan bebuka, dibacutaké karo slawatan, sambutan-sambutan saka kepala désa, camat, Dinas Pariwisata Bantul, dibacutaké karo Ijab Qobul (kanggo kang duwé nadar) lan dipungkasi mangan-mangan karo kabèh warga kang teka. Wenginé, acara tinutup karo pagelaran [[wayang kulit]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tasteofjogja.org/contentdetil.php?kat=artk&id=NjI3&fle=Y29udGVudC5waHA=&lback=a2F0PWFydGsmYXJ0a2thdD01JmZsZT1ZMjl1ZEdWdWRHUmxkR2xzTG5Cb2NBPT0mbGJhY2s9YTJGMFBXRnlkR3NtYVdROVRsUkZkeVptYkdVOVdUSTVkV1JIVm5Wa1F6VjNZVWhCUFNac1ltRmphejFoTWtZd1VGZEdlV1JIYzIxWldFb3dZVEowYUdSRU1IaE9hVnB6V1cxR2FtRjZNRDA9|title=Jodhangan Goa Cerme|last=Dinas Kebudayaan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|first=|date=4 Sèptèmber 2015|website=Dinas Kebudayaan|access-date=31 Mèi 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211143532/http://www.tasteofjogja.org/contentdetil.php?kat=artk&id=NjI3&fle=Y29udGVudC5waHA=&lback=a2F0PWFydGsmYXJ0a2thdD01JmZsZT1ZMjl1ZEdWdWRHUmxkR2xzTG5Cb2NBPT0mbGJhY2s9YTJGMFBXRnlkR3NtYVdROVRsUkZkeVptYkdVOVdUSTVkV1JIVm5Wa1F6VjNZVWhCUFNac1ltRmphejFoTWtZd1VGZEdlV1JIYzIxWldFb3dZVEowYUdSRU1IaE9hVnB6V1cxR2FtRjZNRDA9|archive-date=2023-02-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Piranti lan sajèn == Piranti kang dianggo ing tradhisi jodhangan ya iku jodhang, kagawé saka kayu awujud limasan kang ancasé kanggo nggawa ubarampé utawa sajèn kanthi cara digotong utawa dipikul déning wong papat ing saben pojokané. Anadéné sajèn kang ana ing jaba jodhang ngemu akèh asil bumi kaya déné [[kacang lanjaran]], [[jagung]], [[paré]], [[timun]], [[térong]], [[lombok]], [[mlinjo]], [[tomat]], lan sapanunggalané. Asil bumi iku kanggo ngrias jodhang supaya katon apik lan éndah. Anadéné sajèn kang ana ing jero jodhang ya iku [[sega gurih]], ayam ingkung, sega golong, [[tumpeng]] menggana, [[sega liwet]], golong lulut, tumpeng robyong, [[jajan pasar]], lan gedhang sanggan kanggo [[kenduri]] utawa slametan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radarjogja.co/2016/05/31/nyadran-makam-sewu-bantul-meriah/|title=Nyadran Makam Sewu Bantul, Meriah|last=Radar Jogja|first=|date=31 Mèi 2016|website=Radar Jogja|access-date=31 Mèi 2020|archive-date=2019-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905153101/https://radarjogja.co/2016/05/31/nyadran-makam-sewu-bantul-meriah/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Pangaji-aji == === Aji agama === Aji agama kang katon ing tradhisi jodhangan ing Dhusun Srungga, Désa Sélapamiara ya iku anané acara tahlilan lan acara donga. Kajaba iku, ritual jodhangan diselenggarakaké kanggo wujud sukur marang Allah kang sampun peparing rejeki.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Takdir Ilahi|first=Mohammad|year=2016|title=Ziarah dan Cita Rasa Islam Nusantara: Wisata Religius Dalam Bingkai Kearifan Lokal (Local Widsom)|url=http://e-journal.metrouniv.ac.id/index.php/akademika/issue/view/1|journal=Akademika|volume=21|issue=1|pages=123|doi=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211143541/https://e-journal.metrouniv.ac.id/index.php/akademika/issue/view/1|archive-date=2023-02-11|access-date=2023-02-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Aji gugur gunung === Kagiyatan-kagiyatan gugur gunung ing tradhisi jodhangan katindakaké bebrayan ing Sélapamiara dumadi saka ngresiki makam dhusun, tahlilan, ngresiki dalan dhusun tur désa, lan ngresiki plataran Guwa Cermé minangka papan upacara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pariwisata.bantulkab.go.id/filestorage/dokumen/2014/07/20100624111210-potensi-wisata-bantul.pdf|title=Bantul: Ragam Budaya|last=Dinas Pariwisata Bantul|first=|date=|website=Bantul: Ragam Budaya|access-date=18 Juni 2020|archive-date=2020-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619022241/https://pariwisata.bantulkab.go.id/filestorage/dokumen/2014/07/20100624111210-potensi-wisata-bantul.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Aji solidaritas === Jodhangan iku salah sawijining upacara tradhisional kang lumayan akèh kang ngéloni ing Désa Sélapamiara. Kagiyatan iku nduwèni peranan kang lumayan gedhé anggoné nyawijikaké para warga. Bab iki tinengeran karo anané makarya bebarengan ing kagiyatan lingkungan, panggawéan [[gunungan]] lan ubarampé sajèné. Kabèh kuwi ora mbédaaké setatus sosialé pawongan, saben priyangga nduwèni peluang lan kalungguhan kang padha kanggo ngleksanakaké kagiyatan iki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://visitingjogja.com/10630/jodhangan-goa-cerme-24-september-2017/|title=Jodhangan Goa Cerme (24 September 2017)|last=Visiting Jogja Istimewa|first=|date=18 Sèptèmber 2017|website=Visiting Jogja Istimewa|access-date=29 Juni 2020|archive-date=2020-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628225919/https://visitingjogja.com/10630/jodhangan-goa-cerme-24-september-2017/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Aji rembugan === Rembugan sadurungé upacara jodhangan lumayan akèh kang ngéloni. Sadurungé, para sesepuh nganakaké pasamuwan kanggo ngrembug babagan paleksanané upacara jodhangan. Nalika iku uga digawé sungsunan panityané.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Munawaroh|first=Siti|year=2019|title=Jodhangan: Tradisi Agraris di Desa Selopamioro Imogiri|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbyogyakarta/jurnal-jantra-volume-14-nomor-1-juni-2019/|journal=Jurnal Jantra|volume=14|issue=1|pages=101|doi=|access-date=2023-02-11|archive-date=2023-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327141716/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbyogyakarta/jurnal-jantra-volume-14-nomor-1-juni-2019/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Aji pangendhali sosial === Upacara jodhangan ing Désa Selapamiara Imagiri, saliyané dadi upaya warga kanggo nggenepi sanggan-sesanggeman ya iku marang para leluhur lan Gusti Kang Maha Kuwasa kang sampun peparing rejeki. Upacara jodhangan uga diarep-arep bisa nguwataké kapitayaning para warga bab kaluhuran padatané, nduwé pangaribawa kang becik tumrap dhèwèké dhéwé, satemah para warga dadi ora mangu-mangu anggoné nguri-uri tradhisi iki.<ref name=":0" /> == Uga delengen == {{portal|Budaya}} * [[Gejog Lesung]] * [[Kethoprak Mataram]] * [[Pèk Bung]] * [[Slawatan Kediwung]] * [[Thèk-thèk]] == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Bantul]] [[Kategori:Budaya Jawa]] [[Kategori:Budaya Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Kagunan Jawa]] [[Kategori:WikiPusaka]] qwk0s7qlv1unvqdbzu3o58xapow6q78 Ceprotan 0 193784 1759889 1732617 2026-11-05T12:48:38Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759889 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Ngabudoyo jowo.jpg|thumb|Beksan ing upacara Ceprotan.]] '''Ceprotan''' ya iku upacara adat kang asalé saka [[Sekar, Danaraja, Pacitan|Désa Sekar]], [[Danaraja, Pacitan|Danaraja]], [[Kabupatèn Pacitan|Pacitan]]. Upacara iki kalebu [[Bersih desa|merti désa]] kang katindakaké saben taun nalika dina Senèn Kliwon sasi [[Sela]] manut [[pananggalan Jawa]].<ref name="wbtb">{{Cite book|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Katalog_Warisan_Budaya_Takbenda_Indonesia_2018_%28Buku_1%29.pdf|title=Katalog Warisan Budaya Takbenda Indonesia 2018|last=Direktorat Warisan dan Diplomasi Budaya|publisher=Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia|year=2018|location=Jakarta|pp=312-313|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jatim/budaya/d-6004000/mengenal-ceprotan-tradisi-saling-lempar-kelapa-cengkir-di-pacitan|title=Mengenal Ceprotan, Tradisi Saling Lempar Kelapa Cengkir di Pacitan|last=Sumodiharjo|first=Purwo|website=detikJatim|date=28 Maret 2022|access-date=10 Fèbruari 2023}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ing sajeroning reroncènging acara, para kadang kanoman bakal prang lumawan kadang kanoman liyané migunakaké cengkir,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/jatim/mengenal-ceprotan-tradisi-saling-lempar-kelapa-muda-di-pacitan-yang-sarat-makna.html|title=Mengenal Ceprotan, Tradisi Saling Lempar Kelapa Muda di Pacitan yang Sarat Makna|date=6 April 2020|website=Merdeka.com|last=Laily|first=Rizka Nur|access-date=10 Fèbruari 2023}}</ref> krambil enom kang arep dadi degan. Ancasé dianakaké Ceprotan ya iku kanggo wujud sukur marang Allah kang sampun peparing rejeki lan asil tetanèn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/surabaya/read/4045636/ini-fakta-fakta-menarik-tradisi-ceprotan-khas-kabupaten-pacitan|title=Ini Fakta-Fakta Menarik Tradisi Ceprotan Khas Kabupaten Pacitan|last=Mulyaningtyas|first=Dyah|date=23 Agustus 2019|website=Liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=10 Fèbruari 2023}}</ref> == Mula bukané == Ceprotan iku mula bukané satemené kajupuk saka carita [[Panji (radèn)|Panji]]. Panji Asmarabangun lan Déwi Sekartaji dipitayani nduwèni peran kang wigati marang kayasané Désa Sekar. Kekaroné lelana menyang tlatah Danaraja lan ajeg ngganti jeneng saperlu ngéndhani para mungsuhé. Ing kana, Panji ngganti jenengé dadi Ki Godhèg, déné Déwi Sekartaji ngganti jenengé dadi Déwi Sekar. Rikala semana ing Désa Sekar isih akèh alasé kang ing tembé bakal dibabad déning Ki Godhèg saperlu mbukak lemah kanggo [[tetanèn]]. Sawisé mbabad [[alas]], dhèwèké lèrèn ngentèni bojoné–Déwi Sekar–tur ngiyup ing ngisor wit [[krambil]], nanging dhèwèké keceblokan [[degan]]. Niaté, degan iku péngin diwènèhaké marang Déwi Sekar, nanging wusanané malah ana pasulayan karo Déwi Sekar. Déwi Sekar banjur ngutahaké banyu degan ing alas nganti metu sumber banyuné jalaran ing alas arang ana banyu resik. Ki Godhèg njenengi sumberé aran Sumber Sekar.<ref name="Setyawan">{{Cite journal|last=Setyawan|first=Bagus Wahyu|last2=Saddhono|first2=Kundharu|date=2018-08-30|title=Ceprotan Performing Art: A Traditional Folkart Based on Urband Legend|url=https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/harmonia/article/view/9509|journal=Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education|volume=18|issue=1|pages=69-70|doi=10.15294/harmonia.v18i1.9509|issn=2541-2426|access-date=2023-02-10|archive-date=2023-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210062445/https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/harmonia/article/view/9509|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Yuningtyas">{{Cite journal|last=Yuningtyas|first=Laras Andita|last2=Pranawa|first2=Sigit|last3=Yuhastina|first3=Yuhastina|date=Dhésèmber 2020|title=The meaning of the Ceprotan tradition in bersih desa for the people of Sekar village|url=https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/hsjpi/article/view/27978|journal=Harmoni Sosial: Jurnal Pendidikan IPS|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|pages=153–155|doi=10.21831/hsjpi.v7i2.27978|issn=2460-7916|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210150526/https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/hsjpi/article/view/27978|archive-date=2023-02-10|access-date=2023-02-10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mustaqim|first=Muhammad Khoirul|last2=Nugroho|first2=Krishan Yudi|last3=Dewi|first3=Dian Suluh Kusuma|date=Fèbruari 2020|title=Kebijakan Pemerintah Desa Sekar dalam pelestarian tradisi “Ceprotan”|url=http://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-academia-praja/article/view/146|journal=Academia Praja : Jurnal Ilmu Politik, Pemerintahan, dan Administrasi Publik|language=id|volume=3|issue=01|doi=10.36859/jap.v3i01.146|issn=2715-9124|pp=74}}</ref> Ing désa, Ki Godhèg ngadegaké padhépokan kang siswané kudu nggawa sawenèh ubarampé kang dumadi saka cengkir, kembang setaman, [[menyan]], pitik ireng, pitik putih mulus, ingkung, [[mori]], [[beras]], lan [[beras ketan]]. Ki Godhèg ndhawuhi salah siji siswané supaya ingkungé mau didum marang siswa liyané, nanging anggoné andum ora adhil. Ki Godhèg banjur ngongkon bojoné kepriyé cara andum kang adhil lan rata. Ki Godhèg nyruwé yèn ana wong kang njupuk ingkung turah cacah loro iki bakal dibalang nganggo cengkir, krambil enom kang arep dadi degan. Tumuli ana siji siswa kang njupuk ingkungé lan dibalang nganggo cengkir déning siswa liyané. Bab iki kang dadi dhasar dianakaké upacara ceprotan ing Désa Sekar.<ref name="Setyawan" /><ref>{{Cite|title=Aspek pendidikan nilai dalam pelaksanaan tradisi Bersih Desa (Ceprotan) tahun 2007|date=2008|pp=38-40|last=Utomo|first=Tri|publisher=Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta|url=http://eprints.ums.ac.id/3500/}}</ref> == Reroncèning upacara == Upacara adat iki dileksanakaké sadina wutuh. Senajan ta ana sepuluh dhusun ing Désa Sekar, nanging kang nganakaké upacara adat iki mung Dhusun Krajan Lor lan Dhusun Krajan Kidul. Para warga nindakaké sawenèh kagiyatan kang dumadi saka nyekar kuburané Ki Godhèg, [[Bersih desa|merti dhusun]], lan Ceprotan.<ref name="Yuningtyas" /> === Merti dhusun === Nalika wayah wengi sadurungé dianakaké Ceprotan, sawetara bebrayan padha nyekar menyang makam Ki Godhèg. Piyambaké iku kang mbabad alas ing Désa Sekar. Sesepuh lan juru kunci uga mèlu nyekar, ngresiki kuburan, mbakar [[menyan]], lan paring donga. Isuké, bebrayan padha menyang Sumber Sekar lan mènèhi sajèn kanggo [[Dhanyang]] kang nunggu sumber banyu cedhak wit gedhé. Sabanjuré, sesepuh upacara nindakaké ''obong-obong'', ya iku dedonga lan nyuwun tulung marang para leluhur kanggo nglancaraké acara merti dhusun lan Ceprotan.<ref name="Yuningtyas" /> Ing omah, sesepuh nyepakaké ubarampé kang dumadi saka tumpeng lulut, tumpeng tulak, ingkung, [[wayang kulit]], lan sapanunggalané, déné saben kepala kulawarga saka Dhusun Krajan Lor lan Krajan Kidul nyepakaké siji ingkung lan [[jadah]]. Ubarampé iku banjur diteraké menyang balé désa kang bakal [[kenduri|dikendurèni]] bareng-bareng. Sawisé iku, para kulawarga nggawa bali berkaté kanggo kulawargané kanthi pangajab sapa waé kang mangan berkaté bakal bagas waras. Sawisé kendurèn, ana sawenèh pagelaran kang diwetokaké kaya ta drumbèn, [[Réyog|Réyog Panaraga]], [[Jathilan]], beksan, lan kothèkan lesung.<ref name="Yuningtyas" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/lifestyle/read/4756170/6-fakta-menarik-pacitan-kota-seribu-gua-kampung-halaman-sby|title=6 Fakta Menarik Pacitan, Kota Seribu Gua Kampung Halaman SBY|last=Liputan6.com|date=2021-12-15|website=liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=10 Fèbruari 2023}}</ref> === Ceprotan === Nalika wayah soré, Ceprotan nembé diwiwiti kanthi pisanané ginelar beksan kang nyaritakaké Ki Godhèg pethukan karo Déwi Sekar lan mula bukaning Désa Sekar. Nalika wayah surup, para kadang kanoman saka Dhusun Krajan Lor lan Kidul kapantha dadi rong klumpukan aran panceprot kanthi nggawa cengkir. Cengkir iki kudu diilangi kulité lan dikungkum sawetara dina supaya empuk ora nglarani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jawapos.com/jpg-today/11/08/2019/ceprotan-budaya-mengenang-dewi-sekartaji-dan-panji-asmorobangun/|title=Ceprotan, Budaya Mengenang Dewi Sekartaji dan Panji Asmorobangun|editor=Dhimas Ginanjar|date=11 Agustus 2019|website=JawaPos.com|language=id|access-date=10 Fèbruari 2023}}</ref> Rong klumpukan mau banjur lumebu lapangan bareng karo sesepuh kang nggawa ubarampé, sajèn, lan [[gunungan]]. Ing tengah lapangan, sesepuh nindakaké obong-obongan lan acara donga. Sabanjuré, [[gamelan]] diunèkaké. Kaprunguning gamelan iki marakaké panceprot siyap-siyap ngantem sapa waé kang njupuk ingkung ing tengah lapangan. Wong kang njupuk ingkungé mau bakal diantem nganggo cengkir sasuwéné 20 menit. Wong kang kaantem cengkir lan keceprotan banyuné dipitayani bakal akèh rejekiné.<ref name="Yuningtyas" /> == Rujukan == {{Reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Budaya Jawa]] [[Kategori:Budaya Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Warisan budaya]] [[Kategori:Warisan budaya dudu barang Indhonésia]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Pacitan]] [[Kategori:WikiPusaka]] rbcanhtx9j1uaah6f3in3gq4qd9eu2r Kerapan Sapi Brujul 0 193858 1760162 1731321 2026-11-06T05:24:51Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760162 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Karapan Sapi brujul Probolinggo.jpg|thumb|Kerapan Sapi Brujul]] {{artikel ing krama}} '''Kerapan Sapi Brujul''' inggih punika [[karapan sapi|kerapan lembu]] ingkang katindakaken wonten ing [[sawah|sabin]] ingkang kaelepan toya. Acara punika dumunung ing [[Kabupatèn Prabalingga]] nalika badhé tanem [[pantun]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2018/09/07/probolinggo-cow-race-becomes-annual-tourism-spectacle.html|title=Probolinggo cow race becomes annual tourism spectacle|last=Rochman|first=Aman|website=The Jakarta Post|language=|date=7 Sèptèmber 2019|access-date=18 Fèbruari 2023}}</ref> Bèntenipun kaliyan kerapan lembu [[Madura]] inggih punika menawi lembu saking Madura lembu kalantih, wondéné lembu saking Prabalingga namung lembu ingon-ingonan utawi kanggé mluku sabin. Lembu ing Kerapan Sapi Brujul anggadhahi pawakan ingkang longgor utawi ageng.<ref name="merdeka">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/jatim/keseruan-festival-sapi-brujul-probolinggo-hiburan-petani-jadi-warisan-budaya.html|title=Keseruan Festival Sapi Brujul Probolinggo, Hiburan Petani Jadi Warisan Budaya|last=Hasan|first=Ibrahim|date=13 Sèptèmber 2021|website=Merdeka.com|language=|access-date=18 Fèbruari 2023}}</ref> Kawit 2019, Kerapan Sapi Brujul resmi kaakeni déning Pamaréntah Républik Indonésia minangka salah satunggaling Warisan Budaya Sanès Barang salebeting bab kawruh kaliyan padatan babagan alam kaliyan jagat rat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailTetap=1270|title=Kerapan Sapi Brujul|last=|first=|website=Warisan Budaya Takbenda Indonesia|language=|date=2019|access-date=18 Fèbruari 2023|archive-date=2023-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218071857/https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailTetap=1270|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wedharan == Kerapan Sapi Brujul dipun wiwiti nalika kadang tani bosen anggènipun [[waluku|mluku]] ing sabin. Ing sakawit, kerapan kagelar tanpa bebingah, nanging kerapanipun regeng tur dados kawigatosaning bebrayan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/3634841/menelusuri-asal-muasal-kerapan-sapi-brujul-di-probolinggo|title=Menelusuri Asal Muasal Kerapan Sapi Brujul di Probolinggo|last=|date=3 Agustus 2018|website=Liputan6.com|language=|access-date=18 Fèbruari 2023}}</ref> Sapréné, Kerapan Sapi Brujul sampun wonten lumba-lumba kaliyan fèstivalipun. Sadèrèngipun kerapan, lembu kerapan dipun sukani [[jamu]] kaliyan puluhan wiji [[endhog|tigan]] rumiyin amrih rosa anggènipun mlajeng.<ref name="detiktravel">{{Cite web|url=https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-4448458/karapan-sapi-probolinggo-tidak-kalah-seru-dengan-madura|title=Karapan Sapi Probolinggo, Tidak Kalah Seru dengan Madura|last=Rofiq|first=M.|website=detikTravel|language=|date=28 Fèbruari 2019|access-date=18 Fèbruari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218071848/https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-4448458/karapan-sapi-probolinggo-tidak-kalah-seru-dengan-madura|archive-date=2023-02-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ugi dipun pijeti awak saha sukunipun saperlu ngendhokaken ototipun lembu.<ref name="merdeka" /> Ing acara punika, sapasang lembu mlajeng ing lintasan 100-an mèter mawi amba sabin 50-an mèter.<ref name="detiktravel" /> Ancas kawontenaken tradhisi punika kagem sarana silaturahmi antawising kadang tani, paguyuban, kaliyan pamaréntah. Kajawi punika, sabin ingkang kaliwatan lembu inggih dados gembur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.detik.com/travel-news/d-4697309/probolinggo-juga-punya-karapan-sapi-yang-seru|title=Probolinggo Juga Punya Karapan Sapi yang Seru|last=Rofiq|first=M.|website=detikTravel|language=|date=7 Sèptèmber 2019|access-date=18 Fèbruari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218050330/https://travel.detik.com/travel-news/d-4697309/probolinggo-juga-punya-karapan-sapi-yang-seru|archive-date=2023-02-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala jawi == * [https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id Warisan Budaya Dudu Barang Indonésia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907030523/http://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/ |date=2023-09-07 }} [[Kategori:Budaya Jawa]] [[Kategori:Budaya Indhonésia]] [[Kategori:Warisan budaya]] [[Kategori:Warisan budaya dudu barang Indhonésia]] [[Kategori:WikiPusaka]] 70f4qc40gedg8dhpmiuul8l3txdn9s9 Dhagelan Mataram 0 193883 1759903 1667404 2026-11-05T14:38:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759903 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dhagelan''' '''Mataram''' inggih punika salah satunggaling jinis kagunan [[Jawa|Jawi]], ingkang dipun wiyosaken déning bebrayan Jawi ing [[Ngayogyakarta]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Petunjuk Wisata Lengkap Jawa–Bali|last=Morisson|first=James|publisher=PT Ghalia Indonesia|year=2002|location=Jakarta|pages=180}}</ref> Dhagelan Mataram boten naming winates dhagelan kémawon nanging ugi ngemot piwucalan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radarjogja.jawapos.com/jogja-utama/2014/10/18/dagelan-mataram-tak-sekadar-tontonan/|title=Dhagelan Mataram Boten Naming Tontonan (saking basa Indhonesia)|last=Agus|first=Dwi|date=2014-10-18|website=Jawa Pos|access-date=2022-02-22}}</ref> Dhagelan punika lair wonten ing lingkungan [[Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat|Karaton Ngayogyakarta]], nalika Gusti [[Pangéran Hangabèhi]], Putra [[Sultan Hamengkubuwana VIII]], ing saben – saben dinten miyosipun nimbali para punggawa kraton ngocèh dhateng dalemipun supados nggujeng tiyang ingkang ningali saha mirengaken rembagipun. Ing tradhisi Kraton ingkang boten patos cetha kapan dipun wiwiti, lan dinuga amargi pangaribawa cariyos-cariyos kuna lan gegayutan kalihan kapitayan lan kewarganegaraan raja puniki, tiyang-tiyang ingkang kagungan ciri fisik lan bajang kalebet ing golongan puniki, sarira ingkang kanthi dhawuhipun raja sengaja dipun padosi saking punjer negari. Ing upacara keraton tinamtu, kadosta upacara temantèn, tiyang-tiyang aèng puniki dipun paringi gati kanggé nindakaken upacara ingkang dipun wastani édan-édan ing ngajengipun [[temantèn]]. Nunggang jaran képang sinambi ébah lan [[jogèd]]. Pangeran Hangabèhi nggatosaken babagan seni, utamanipun babagan banyol. Pangèran Hangabehi katingal remen sanget, amargi kedah dolanan ing ngajengipun para kerabat kedhaton, para punggawa karaton ugi kudu nggatosaken unggah-ungguh nanging ugi kedah lucu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailTetap=1233|title=Warisan Budaya Dhagelan Mataram (saking Basa Indhonésia)|last=WBTB|first=Admin|date=2019-01-01|website=Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|access-date=2023-02-22}}{{Pranala mati|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bentarabudaya.com/warta-bentara/63/basiyo-dari-keraton-sampai-kaset|title=Basiyo saking Karaton Dumugi Kaset (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Sartono|first=Frans|date=2022-03-14|website=Bentara Budaya|access-date=2023-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/4166354/menjaga-yogyakarta-tetap-lucu-dengan-dagelan-mataram|title=Ngreksa Ngayogyakarta Panggah Lucu Kanthi Dhagelan Mataram (saking Basa Indhonésia)|last=H|first=Yanuar|date=2020-01-30|website=Liputan 6|access-date=2022-02-22}}</ref> [[File:Kethoprak Tobong Kelana Bhakti Budaya 1.jpg|thumb|300px|Dhagelan wonten kabudayan Jawi wujudipun manéka warni]] == Pagelaran Sepisan == Ing bacira [[Dalem Ngabéan]], panggénanipun Pangeran Hangabehi, wonten pemancar radhio [[Walanda|Walandi]] ingkang naminipun [[MAVRO]] (''Mataramsche Vereneging Radio Omroep''). Salah satunggaling giyaran ajeg MAVRO inggih punika uyon-uyon [[gendhing]] Jawi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Maula|first=Fiqih Rizqiyyatul|date=2017-12-31|title=Peranan Radio Dalam Menggerakkan Perjuangan di Daerah Yogyakarta Tahun 1934 - 1945|url=https://journal.student.uny.ac.id/index.php/ilmu-sejarah/article/view/9450/9104|journal=E Jurnal Sejarah|volume=2|pages=5-17}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Saking prakarsa Pangéran ingkang mesthi kathah kalodhangan kanggé giyaran ing radhio Walandi, guyon-guyon para punggawa karaton dipun giyaraken minangka rubéda ing giyaran gendhing Jawi sarta uyon-uyon. Selingan puniki naminipun "Dhagelan". Sasampunipun ngalami macem-macem perkembangan ing bentuk aslinipun, dhagelan puniki katingal kados ciri-ciri kados puniki: (1) ngemot cariyos tinamtu; (2) migunakaken [[Basa Jawa|basa Jawi]] minangka basa piwucalan, (3) materi cariyos kaangkat saking [[sosial]] [[budaya]] bebrayan Jawi; (4) kairing [[gamelan]] lan [[Pesindhèn|sindhèn]] minangka gegambaran, (5) kadhangkala nganggé jogèd; (6) ) paraga kadang–kadang nembang;(7) nganggé busana utawi busana Jawi asalipun saking kagunan Jawi sanèsipun.<ref>Prabowo, Dhanu Priyo. 2007. ''“Pemikiran Kejawen dalam Dagelan Basiyo Pak Dengkek”.'' ''Kejawen'' edisi 3</ref> Piranti kadosta gamelan, sindhèn, beksan, tembang, [[rasukan]], saged kagunakaken kanggé banyol utawi kanggé bahan gumujeng. Kajawi puniku, tradhisi lan tata krama ing tlatah Jawi mliginipun Ngayogyakarta pancèn maringi warni marang gaya tutur lan gaya nyariyosaken cariyos-cariyos ingkang dipun tembangaken. Kanthi ciri lan jangkep ingkang kados makaten. Dhagelan Mataram rumiyin katinngal sanget lan dipun tampi déning bebrayan Jawi, nalika budaya Kilenan. Kawontenan punika ugi dipun sengkuyung déning kirangipun jinis-jinis klangenan ingkang wonten ing jaman punika.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.solopos.com/dagelan-mataram-bangkit-setelah-lama-mati-suri-470794?utm_source=tags_desktop|title=Dhagelan Mataram Bangkit Sasampunipun Dangu Mati Suri (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Kurniyanto|date=2013-12-03|website=Solopos.com|access-date=2023-02-22}}</ref> Dhagelan Mataram, minangka salah satunggaling banyolan kas Ngayogyakarta, kober kuncara ing wiwitan 1970-an ngantos 1980-an, utamanipun nalika maéstro dhagelan Yogya, Basiyo, wira-wiri ing panggung. Tontonan Dhagelan Mataram asring dipun gelar ing tingkat desa lan kapanéwon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.solopos.com/dagelan-mataram-mati-sulit-kembali-445310?utm_source=tags_desktop|title=Dhagelan Mataram Pejah Awrat Wangsulipun|last=Kurniyanto|date=2013-09-08|website=Solopos.com|access-date=2023-02-22}}</ref> == Babak == Praktèkipun, durasi pagelaran Dhagelan Mataram inggih punika antawis 45 ngantos 90 menit ingkang kaperang dados tigang babak wigatios, inggih punika ngararasa, wacana, kalihan liding dongèng. Tigang lampah puniki minangka limrah ingkang dipun panggihi ing lampah Dhagelan Mataram.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jbbudaya.jogjabelajar.org/artikel/dhagelan-mataram-antara-lelucon-pasemon-dan-piwulang|title=Dhagelan Mataram Antawis Banyolan Pasemon saha Piwucalan (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Sumaryono|date=2021-04-19|website=Jogja Belajar|access-date=2023-02-22}}</ref> Ing ngandhap punika andharan babak ing dhagelanipun, inggih punika 1. Ngudarasa Wonten ing peéangan punika, lampah dipun wiwiti kanthi munculipun paraga ingkang wonten ing monolog nyaruwé masalah gesangipun piyambak, kulawarga saha tiyang sakiwa tengenipun. Kanthi gaya humoripun, paraga ing jejer puniki asring sambat marang nasib ingkang dipun temahi. Sasampunipun sawetawis wekdal ngudarasa lumantar monolog, muncul paraga sanèsipun ingkang nanggapi sambatipun paraga sadèrèngipun. Lumantar tanggapan punika kadhang-kadhang dados regejegan ingkang kawungkus dolanan tetembungan ingkang ngguyokaken, awujud cangkriman utawi malah poyok-poyokan. 2. Wacana Wonten ing pérangan punika paraga nggayutaken paraga sanèsipun wiwit nedahaken antawacana ingkang ndadosaken pangrembakanipun gagasan cariyos. Kanthi ''variasi'' antawacana lan ''improvisasi'' minangka ciri, jejeran puniki kraos nyimpang saking topik ingkang dipun rembag. Nanging, ing wekdal ingkang sami wangsul menyang perkawis ingkang kedah dipun tanggulangi. 3. Liding dongèng Pérangan puniki minangka pungkasan utawi dudutan saking cariyos. Ing pérangan puniki paraga taksih guyon senajan lampahan sampun rampung. Dudutan saking lampahan ingkang dipun laampahaken wekasanipun ngrujuk dhateng tuturan basa Jawi kang ngemot piwucal moral tinamtu, kadosta “aja dumèh” (aja mung nindakake), “becik ketitik ala ketara” (apik lan ala manungsa bakal katon.), lan sapanunggalanipun. == Paraga == === Basiyo === [[Basiyo]] jaya ing jagad perkasetan ing wiwitan taun 1970-an ngantos seda ing taun 1979.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.medcom.id/hiburan/kultur/1bVEMwXN-kisah-sutradara-dagelan-mataram|title=Cariyos Pranata Panggung Dhagelan Mataram (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Fitri|date=2014-12-16|website=Medcom.id|access-date=2023-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://algebra.republika.co.id/posts/155426/maestro-lawak-basiyo-dari-dagelan-mataram-jong-islamieten-bond-hingga-the-beatles|title=Juru Ndhagel Basiyo saking Dhagelan Mataram-Jong Islamieten Bond Dumugi The Beatles|last=Subarkah|first=M|date=2022-06-15|website=Algebra Republika|access-date=2023-02-22}}</ref> Maneka warni [[Sandhiwara|sandiwara]] saking banyolanipun asring dipun giyaraken ing radiho-radhio swasta nalika semanten, utamanipun ing laladan ingkang nganggé basa Jawi, kadosta [[Jawa Tengah|Jawi Tengah]], Yogyakarta lan [[Jawa Wétan|Jawi Wétan]]. [[Kasèt]] dhagelan dipun sadé ing toko rekaman. Banyolanipun Basiyo malah kepireng dugi [[Suriname]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.id/baca/kolom/2022/03/13/basiyo-dari-keraton-sampai-kaset|title=Basiyo saking Karaton dumugi Kasèt (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Sartono|first=Frans|date=2022-04-14|website=Kompas.id|access-date=2023-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Basiyo (1916 -1979) Mestro Lawak Dagelan Mataram|last=Wahyono|first=Tri dkk|publisher=BPNB Yogyakarta|year=2021|isbn=9786237654100|location=Yogyakarta|pages=58}}</ref> [[Barkas:Gatutkacagandrung.jpg|thumb|250px|Satunggaling kasèt Dhagelan Mataram déning Basiyo]] === Ngabdul === Dul Hadi (Ki Ngabdul) miyos ing désa Keloran, Kapanéwon [[Kasihan, Bantul|Kasihan]], Kabupatèn [[Bantul, Bantul|Bantul]] 15 Maret 1947. Bapakipun nami Karya Ikrama, aktivis kesenian tradhisional ing masyarakat. Wiwit alit Ngabdul sampun rumaket kalihan kesenian tradhisional satemah Ngabdul nututi laampahipun keng bapak ing seni tradhisional. Panjenenganipun sampun wonten [[ludira]] seni saking bapakipun kanggé damel laré ingkang bakat ing seni. Kagunan ingkang njalari Ngabdul ngertos jati dhiri ingkang sayektos. Lumantar seni ugi sampun kathah bebingah ingkang dipun tampi. Wiwit miwiti pakaryan wonten radhio [[RRI]] kados Basiyo, Ngabdul ugi sampun giyaran dumugi télévisi [[TVRI]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Legenda Dagelan Mataram (Biografi Ki Ngabdul)|last=Firdaus|first=M Nur|publisher=Sekolah Vokasi Program Studi Kearsipan Universitas Gadjah Mada|year=2015|location=Yogyakarta|pages=5}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> == Pranala Jaba == * [https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/12378/1/Buku%20Panduan%20Penetapan%20Warisan%20Budaya%20Takbenda%20Indonesia%20Tahun%202014.pdf] * [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Katalog_Warisan_Budaya_Takbenda_Indonesia_2018_%28Buku_1%29.pdf] * [https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/24348/1/Panduan%20pencatatan%2C%20penetapan%2C%20dan%20pengusulan%20warisan%20budaya%20tak%20benda%20indonesia.pdf] * [https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/34299-ID.pdf] [[Kategori:Warisan budaya]] [[Kategori:WikiPusaka]] m5knxrg2egg3rnqr2cdw2z4ohr4mn8q Kupatan Jalasutra 0 193891 1760207 1756161 2026-11-06T07:29:06Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kupatan Jalasutra''' inggih punika upacara adat ingkang minangka mujudaken raos sukur dhumateng [[Hyang|Gusti]] Ingkang Maha Agung ingkang sampun paring rahmat saha kanugrahan satemah asiling tetanèn saged lumampah kanthi sae, ugi nyuwun berkah supados asil tetanèn ing salajengipun saged langkung saé tinimbang taun kapengker.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Islam dan Kebudayaan Jawa|last=Darori|first=Amin|publisher=Gema Media|year=2000|location=Yogyakarta|pages=21}}</ref> Sasanèsipun, ugi sarana ndonga dhumateng kanjeng Nabi [[Muhammad]] SAW lan para leluhuripun, kalebet [[Sunan Geseng]], supados tansah pinaringan rahmat saha barokah. Wiwit Sunan Geseng taksih sugeng, masarakat [[Jalasutra]] tansah nindakaken upacara Rasulan saben taunipun sasampunipun [[panèn]] [[pantun]]. Kathah tamu ingkang rawuh, kalebet saking [[Kraton|Karaton]]. Kanggé nglipur tamu saking Karaton, ing saben upacara tansah dipun suguhi nyamikan ingkang boten kalebet [[Sesajèn|sesaji]], inggih punika awujud [[kupat]] lan lawuhipun. Nanging, bènten kalih kupat limrahipun, kupat Jalasutra dipun wungkus ron [[gebang]] lan ukuranipun langkung ageng, watawis 15 x 15 [[Sèntimèter|cm]] ngantos 356 x 35 cm.<ref>Solikhin, KH. Muhammad, 2010. Ritual dan Tradisi Islam Jawa. Yogyakarta : Narasi, Cet.1</ref> Déné cara ngolahipun bènten kaliyan kupat limrahipun satemah raosipun ugi beènten, lawuhipun [[gudheg manggar]]. Kupat Rasulan puniki minangka dhaharan kas ing upacara Rasulan dhusun Jalasutra ngantos sapuniki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gudeg.net/direktori/602/kupatan-jolosutro.html|title=Kupatan Jalasutra|last=Admin|first=Gudegnet|website=Gudeg.net|access-date=2023-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223144400/https://gudeg.net/direktori/602/kupatan-jolosutro.html|archive-date=2023-02-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sujarah == Kacariyos rikala jumenengipun raja Mataram Islam kaping 2, [[Pangéran Seda Krapyak]] utawa [[Mas Jolang]], salah satunggal ratunipun nembé mbobot lan kepéngin padoos [[ulam]] sisik [[kencana]] utawi dipun wastani [[Iwak Wader|wader]] sisik emas. Amargi awrat anggènipun pads [[mina]], lajeng dipun adani [[sayembara]]. Wonten ingkang sarujuk ndhèrèk sayembara, inggih punika [[Cakrajaya]] utawa Sunan Geseng ingka manggèn ing papan ingkang sapunka dipun wastani dhusun Jalasutra. Cakrajaya ngejokaken sarat supados [[Bolah|benang]] [[sutra]] dipun sedhiyakaken kanggé [[jaring]]. Amargi ulamipun naming saged dipun cepeng nganggé [[jala]] ingkang kadamel saking bolah sutra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cendananews.com/2018/01/dusun-jolosutro-padukan-kegiatan-keagamaan-dan-budaya-tradisi-leluhur.html|title=Dhusun Jalasutra Bauraken Kagiyatan Agama saha Budaya Tradhisi Leluhur (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=HK|first=Jatmika|date=2018-01-14|website=Cendana News|access-date=2023-02-23|archive-date=2023-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223152009/https://www.cendananews.com/2018/01/dusun-jolosutro-padukan-kegiatan-keagamaan-dan-budaya-tradisi-leluhur.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Upacara Kupatan Jalasutra punika dipun rawuhi enem dhusun, inggih punika Jalasutra, [[Jasem]], [[Prayan]], [[Ngelosari]], [[Kaligathuk]], saha [[Pandhéyan]]. Perlu dipun tingali malih istilah “Jalasutra” ingkang dados dhasaripun nami upacara adat ing Kalurahan Srimulya puniki. Istilah Jalasutra naté kapacak ing [[Babad Giyanti]] ingkang dados cepengan madegipun [[Kasultanan Ngayogyakarta]] ing taun 1755: “gelar jalasutra wong sakawan sandi kanggo nambahi wong kang padha marang Wiranala Ummah [[Pangéran Purbaya|Pangeran Purubaya]] gusti nuwun kawula amit karuhun | mantuk. mring [[Bagelèn, Purwareja|Bagelèn]] arsa amrênahkên anak rabi." Irah-irahan tembung sandhi Jalasutra diwenehake kanthi rata kanggo wong papat. Wiranala matur “Pangeran Purubaya Gusti, kula nyuwun pamit sadèrèngipun kondur dhateng [[Bagelèn, Bagelèn, Purwareja|Bagelèn]] badhe/ngaturaken palakrama anak...”. Mliginipun upacara tradhisi puniki nyariyosaken Sunan Gesang, muridipun [[Sunan Kalijaga]], ingkang sampun dipun wartakaken ing masyarakat kang gadhahi upacara adat puniki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wbtbdiy.com/wbtb-single/OTg.nXciHc2IFgbyg-L_WkG8ApDDTH8|title=WBTB Kupatan Jalasutra|last=WBTB DIY|first=Admin|date=2020-09-12|website=WBTB DIY|access-date=2023-02-23|archive-date=2023-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223150948/https://wbtbdiy.com/wbtb-single/OTg.nXciHc2IFgbyg-L_WkG8ApDDTH8|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wekdal == Upacara Kupatan Jalasutra dipuntindakaken sasampunipun panèn pantun, dinten [[Senèn]] [[Legi (pasaran)|Legi]] [[wulan]] [[Sapar]] lan dipun wontenaken ing Jalasutra, Kalurahan [[Srimulya, Piyungan, Bantul|Srimulya]], Kapanéwon [[Piyungan, Bantul|Piyungan]], Kabupatèn [[Bantul, Bantul|Bantul]], peneriipun wonten ing [[Pasaréyan|pasaréan]] Sunan Geseng. Nanging, amargi wekdalipun panèn sampun gantos wulan, boten kedah wulan Sapar lan nami pasaran boten kedah Legi, anggeripun sanès pasaran [[Pon]], déné tanggalipun adhedhasar. Pandoman [[Pananggalan Jawa|pananggalan]] [[Jawa|Jawi]], inggih puniku 10-15 sadèrèngipun [[wulan purnama]]. Pucak acara kasebat dipun tindakaken ing wanci [[siyang]] antawisipun tabuh 14.00-16.00 WIB. Dinten Senèn Legi, sabibaripun sholat [[Dhuhur]], [[Jodhangan|jodhang]]-jodhang ingkang isinipun sesaji [[Kendhuri|kendurèn]] saking macem-macem [[RT]] wonten ing tlatah dhusun Jalasutra dipun bekta sesarengan ing [[lapangan]] Jalasutra.<ref>Mulyadi, 2009. Upacara Tradisional Sebagai Sosialisasi DIY. Yogyakarta: Proyek P2NB Dekdikbud.</ref> Sasampunipun sedaya sampun siyaga, jodhang-jodhang dipun bekta sesarengan dhateng panggénan upacara ing pasareyan Sunan Geseng kanthi kairing kesenian [[jathilan]]. Acara punika dipun wiwiti kanthi atur pambagya harja saking Lurah Srimulya saha Panewu Piyungan. Acara ingkang utami dipun wiwiti kanthi waosan ikrar ingkang dipun andharaken déning pangemban pasareyan Sunan Geseng, dipun lajengaken waosan donga déning warga lan ditutup kanthi dhahar sesaji saking sesaji kendurèn ingkang sampun kasedhiya awujud [[sekul ameng]], gurih, lan lawuh ugi asil [[palawija]], jajanan peken, rendhang lan entèn-entèn.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nurcahyo|first=Jati, dkk|date=2019-09-02|title=Tradhisi Ritual Kupatan Jalasutra ing Srimulya, Piyungan, Bantul, Ngayogyakarta (saking basa Indhonesia)|url=https://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/khasanah/article/view/6647/3647|journal=Jurnal Khasanah Ilmu|volume=10|pages=149-153}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yogyapos.com/berita-tradisi-kupatan-jalasutra-disambut-ribuan-warga-8170|title=Pawartos Tradhisi Kupatan Jalasutra Dipun Regengaken Ewonan Warga (saking Basa Indhonésia)|last=Spd|date=2022-09-12|website=Yogya Pos|access-date=2023-02-23|archive-date=2023-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223152254/https://yogyapos.com/berita-tradisi-kupatan-jalasutra-disambut-ribuan-warga-8170|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ancas == [[Upacara]] tradhisi Kupatan Jalasutra kagungan ancas minangka pakurmatan mligi kanggé Sunan Geseng. Pangaji-aji ''spiritual'' ingkang dipun asta déning panjenenganipun supados kanggé dipun ambal-ambali mangké minangka pérangan saking ajining [[gesang]] ingkang ngrembaka ing [[bebrayan]].<ref>Irwan, Abdullah, 2002. Simbol, Makna dan Pandangan Hidup Jawa: Analisis Gunungan Pada Upacara Garebeg. Yogyakarta: BPST.</ref> Upacara kupatan punika dipun mangertosi minangka upacara ingkang mujudaken raos syukur dhumateng Gusti Ingkang Maha Kuwaos ugi dados lantaran nyawijinipun para [[warga]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Filsafat Sastra: Hakikat, Metodelogi dan Teori|last=Endaswara|first=Suwardi|publisher=Layar Kata|year=2012|location=Yogyakarta}}</ref> == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Warisan budaya]] [[Kategori:WikiPusaka]] <references /> == Pranala Jaba == * [https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907030523/http://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/ |date=2023-09-07 }} * [https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/12378/1/Buku%20Panduan%20Penetapan%20Warisan%20Budaya%20Takbenda%20Indonesia%20Tahun%202014.pdf] * [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Katalog_Warisan_Budaya_Takbenda_Indonesia_2018_%28Buku_1%29.pdf] * [https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/24348/1/Panduan%20pencatatan%2C%20penetapan%2C%20dan%20pengusulan%20warisan%20budaya%20tak%20benda%20indonesia.pdf] * [https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/34299-ID.pdf] fmw34rymfr16zpgge8ymrf1aekim84v Larung Sesaji Pantai Tambakrejo 0 193892 1760225 1731337 2026-11-06T08:21:54Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760225 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Larung sesaji Pantai Tambakrejo.jpg|thumb|300px|Baita ingkang ngemot manéka warni [[sesajèn]] ingkang nembé lelayar nuju tengahing samodra]] '''Larung Sesaji Pantai Tambakreja''' inggih punika salah satunggaling [[tradhisi]] [[kabudayan]] ingkang katindakaken ing kalurahan [[Tambakreja]], kapanéwon [[Wanatirta, Blitar|Wanatirta]], kabupatèn [[Blitar]], propinsi [[Jawa Wétan|Jawi Wétan]] saben malem satunggal [[Sura]] ingkang sampun katetepaken dados "warisan budaya takbenda" [[Indhonésia]] rikala surya kaping 16 Agustus 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jatim.times.co.id/news/wisata/e81edco5th/larung-sesaji-pantai-tambakrejo-blitar-ditetapkan-sebagai-warisan-budaya-tak-benda|title=Larung Sesaji Pantai Tambakreja Blitar Katetepaken Minangka Warisa Budaya Sanès Barang (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Sholeh|first=Muhammad|date=2019-09-02|website=Jatim Times|access-date=2023-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/506304/704/ritual-larung-sesaji-1-suro-di-pantai-selatan-blitar-digelar-tertutup-1628518122|title=Ritual Larung Sesaji Satunggal Sura ing Pantai Kidul Bliter Ginelar Tinutup (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Arif|first=Solichan|date=2021-08-09|website=Sindonews|access-date=2023-02-24}}</ref> Larung Sesaji inggih punika kabudayan ingkang ngéntiraken maneka warni [[Sesajèn|sesaji]] ingkang dipun tata rapi lan dipun tata ing wadhah ingkang kadamel saking [[Pring|deling]] saha isinipun sawetawis [[palawija]] saha endhas [[Sapi|lembu]] ingkang lajeng dipun kambang-kambang utawi kailèkaken wonten ing seganten.<ref>Warisan Budaya Takbenda | Beranda (kemdikbud.go.id)</ref> Kabudayan puniki dipun wontenaken setaun sepisan inggih punika tanggal 1 [[Muharram|Muharam]] miturut kalender Islam, ingkang taksih dipun lestantunaken déning masyarakat Tambakreja nganti sapuniki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.askara.co/read/2021/08/12/20777/larung-sesaji-tradisi-1-suro-di-pesisir-pantai-selatan-blitar|title=Larung Sesajèn Tradhisi 1 Sura ing Pasisir Kidul Blitar (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Rachmawati|first=Yuni|date=2021-08-12|website=Aksara|access-date=2023-02-24|archive-date=2023-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224063837/https://www.askara.co/read/2021/08/12/20777/larung-sesaji-tradisi-1-suro-di-pesisir-pantai-selatan-blitar|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kabudayan ingkang wonten ing pantai Tambakreja menika minangka [[warisan]] saking [[leluhur]].<ref>Nur Ilham Hafidudin. (2020). Nilai Gotong Royong dalam Pelaksanaan Tradisi ''Larung Sesaji'' di ''Pantai Tambakrejo,'' Desa Tambakrejo, Kecamatan Wonotirto, Kabupaten Blitar, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang.</ref> == Sujarah == Dipun cariyosake yèn tradhisi sesaji utawi larungan puniki asalipun saking kekésahan prajurit [[Kasultanan Mataram|Mataram]] (anak buah [[Pangéran Dipanegara]]) naminipun Atmaja ([[Atma Wijaya]]) dhateng Pantai Tambakreja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/jatim/read/5026961/tradisi-larung-sesaji-ungkapan-rasa-syukur-warga-pesisir-pantai-di-blitar|title=Tradhisi Larung Sesaji Mujudaken Raos Sukur Warga Pasisir ing Blitar (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Izzatunnisa|first=Aisyah Salma|date=2022-07-29|website=Liputan 6|access-date=2023-02-24}}</ref> Sawetawis [[prajurit]] mlajar dhateng [[Alas|wana]] lan Atmaja mlajar dhateng [[Pasisir]] [[Kidul]] kanggé ngawontenaken syukuran ingkang dipun wastani minangka sesaji ngambang déning bebrayan ageng. Rikala Atmawijaya lan kanca-kancanipun 11 wonten ing papan puniku, Tambakreja taksih arupi wana ingkang kebak kalihan [[wit]]-witan ageng ingkang dipanggèni [[dhemit]] ingkang asring ngganggu manungsa. Awit saking punika Atmawijaya ngawontenaken upacara sesaji supados saged lenggah wonten ing papan kasebat tanpa dipun ganggu déning [[lelembut]]. Upacara puniki lajeng dados ritual wajib kanggé sedaya warga Tambakreja dalah anak turunipun ngantos sapuniki.<ref>Larung Sesaji 1 Suro di Pantai Tambakrejo Tahun 2019 - Info Blitar</ref> Tradhisi larungan puniki ugi mujudaken raos kurmati dhumateng [[Hyang|Gusti]], nganggep manungsa gesang sesarengan kalihan jagad gaib lan jagad sabuwana. Sadèrèngipun upacara adat punika, ing dalunipun dipun wontenaken Pagelaran [[Wayang kulit|ringgit]] ingkang kalebet prosèsi sesaji kanthi masrahaken [[Selendhang|seléndhang]] dhateng juru sesaji. Pambuka upacara kasebut ditandhani kanthi swantenipun [[gong]] lajeng dipun waosaken [[sujarah]] lan ancasipun sesaji.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediablitar.pikiran-rakyat.com/blitar/pr-325150286/ritual-larung-sesaji-pantai-tambakrejo-blitar-bertepatan-bulan-suro-begini-sejarahnya?page=2|title=Ritual Larung Sesaji Pasisir Tambakreja Blitar Rikala Wulan Sura (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Yasin|first=Nur|date=2022-07-31|website=Pikiran Rakyat|access-date=2023-02-24}}</ref> == Lelampahan == Upacara sesaji ing wekdal puniki sampun bènten kaliham kawitanipun. Éwah-éwahan kalebet piranti kanggé sesaji, acara, lan wekdalipun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-5675902/larung-sesaji-suroan-di-pantai-tambakrejo-blitar-akan-digelar-tertutup|title=Larung Sesajèn Suran Wonten ing Pasisir Tambakreja Blitar (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Riady|first=Erliana|date=2021-08-09|website=Detik News|access-date=2023-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224054523/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-5675902/larung-sesaji-suroan-di-pantai-tambakrejo-blitar-akan-digelar-tertutup|archive-date=2023-02-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rikala jaman Atmawijaya awujud [[tumpeng]] [[mas]], endhas [[Wedhus|ménda]] wendhit, cok bakal, 4 takir plonthang, lan [[areng]] kambang. Sesaji dipun lebetaken ing [[tampah]] lajeng dipun umbulaken (uculaken) menyang seganten sabibaripun [[donga]]. Upacara kawiwitan tabuh 10 [[Wengi|dalu]]. Amarga 1 Sura puniku wiwitanipun wulan, mesthinipun [[langit]] peteng ndhedhet tanpa padhang [[rembulan]]. Wiwit taun 1984 ngantos saniki, upacara sesaji sampun owah sanget. Sesaji kanggé larung ingkang rumiyin naming satunggal, malih dados langkung kathah lan langkung ageng ukuranipun. Ing sesaji énggal wonten tumpeng gunung utawi tumpeng gelar unggul kanthi inggil 1,5 [[Mèter|meter]] lan garis tengah 1 meter. Lajeng wonten woh-wohan kerucut ukuran 1,5 meter kanthi garis tengah 1,5 meter. Lajeng wonten endhas sapi kanggé ngganti endhas ménda wendhit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1041160/nelayan-pantai-tambakrejo-blitar-gelar-larung-sesaji|title=Warigalih Pasisir Tambakreja Blitar Gelar Larung Sesajèn (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Chusna|first=Asmaul|date=2019-09-02|website=Antara|access-date=2023-02-24}}</ref> Kajawi puniku, wonten tumpeng palawija lan [[menyan]]. Pungkasan, satunggal pikul ngemot sesaji asli saking Atmawijaya. Sesaji kasebat diarak saking Kantor Désa Tambakrejo dhateng pinggir Pasisir Tambakreja ingkang tebihipun 1,5 [[km]]. Araka-rakan kalajengaken déning 8 [[Bocah|laré]] [[Wadon|putri]], 2 sing tanggel jawab mbekta 2 [[prau]] wosipun [[Kembang|sekar]] seganten. Kajawi puniku, wonten wolung prajurit saking nèm-noman tukang jagi larung sesaji, inggih punika [[Mbah Sangkrah]], kasusul [[Pesindhèn|sindhèn]] kalih ing sisih kéring. Kalajengaken déning [[Lurah]] Tambakreja, para pangrèh praja, lan warga désa. Dumugi pasisir, kathah kagiyatan ingkang dipun wontenaken kadosta pagelaran [[beksan]]. Acara ingkang utami inggih punika donga utawi [[mantra]] ingkang dipun waosaken déning Mbah Sangkrah ing sangajengipun sesaji. Sasampunipun donga, sesaji dipun arak malih dhateng pasisir [[Kulon|Kilèn]] Tambakreja ingkang tebihipun kirang langkung 2&nbsp;km.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kominfo.jatimprov.go.id/read/umum/37398|title=Larung Sesaji Tambakrejo Blitar|date=2013-11-07|website=Dinas Komunikasi dan Informasi Blitar|access-date=2023-02-24|archive-date=2023-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224055627/https://kominfo.jatimprov.go.id/read/umum/37398|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wonten sawetawis [[baita]] ingkang siyaga ngamot sesaji. Sinten mawon saged menyang tengah seganten kanggé ngaturaken sesaji, kajawi Mbah Sangkrah. Senadyan wonten éwah-éwahan ing jinis sesaji, prosèsi, lan péhak ingkang tumut, wonten satunggal bab ingkang boten saged kagantos, inggih punika sesaji saking Atmawijaya. Yèn wonten éwah-éwahan saking sesaji asli, tiyang-tiyang pitados bakal nemahi kadadeyan ingkang boten dipun kajengaken. Tuladhanipun, sesaji ingkang kakambangaken ing seganten bakal wangsul menyang Pasisir Tambakreja. Tegesipun sesajèn ingkang boten jangkep satemah larungipun boten katampi. Awit saking punika, para [[sesepuh]] désa kedah ngawontenaken sesaji malih kanthi kapisah lan kanthi alit-alitan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediaindonesia.com/weekend/373480/ritual-syukur-masyarakat-tambakrejo|title=Ritual Sukur Bebrayan Tambakreja (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Muhtarom|first=Imam|date=2021-01-03|website=Media Indonesia|access-date=2023-02-24}}</ref> [[File:Kirab Gunungan Petik Laut Sendang Biru.jpg|Kirab Gunungan Petik Laut Sendang Biru|thumb|300px|gunungan [[sesajèn]] ubarampé upacara Larung saben wulan 1 Sura]] == Panggénan == Pasisir Tambakreja minangka pasisir ingkang resik lan éndah sinawang. [[Banyu|Toya]] seganten [[biru]] lan [[wedhi]] [[Putih|pethak]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.javatravel.net/pantai-tambakrejo-blitar|title=Pasisir Tambakreja Blitar|last=Ikrar|first=Syamsul|website=Java Travel|access-date=2023-02-24|archive-date=2023-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224060935/https://www.javatravel.net/pantai-tambakrejo-blitar|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wewengkon pasisir puniki gumelar dados [[lempongan]] ingkang panjangipun kirang langkung 10&nbsp;km. [[Ombak]] pasisir Tambakreja boten patos ageng satemah cekap aman kanggé dolanan, utaminipun ing wayah [[Soré|sonten]] rikala toya seganten surut. Kasaénan pasisir Tambakreja inggih punika wontenipun désa [[warigaluh]] ingkang wonten baita ing [[gisik]] ingkang nambah kaendahanipun pasisir. Sami pados mina minangka pangupa boga ing sakiwa-tengenipun pasisir Tambakreja. Ing tlatah puniki ugi wonten papan palelangan ulam lan peken ulam, para rawuh saged tumbas ulam seger ingkang mentas dipun jala warigaluh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/05/20/165209778/pantai-tambakrejo-di-blitar-daya-tarik-harga-tiket-dan-rute?page=all|title=Pasisir Tambakreja ing Blitar Narik Kawigatosan (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Daniswari|first=Dini|date=2022-05-20|website=Kompas.com|access-date=2023-02-24}}</ref><ref>Larung Sesaji Pantai Tambakrejo Blitar • D'Travellers (travellersblitar.com)</ref> == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Warisan budaya]] [[Kategori:Warisan budaya dudu barang Indonésia]] [[Kategori:WikiPusaka]] iing596x8beka7s9zw5e373kstnmxzo Griya Joglo Ngayogyakarta 0 193896 1759987 1759868 2026-11-05T20:05:09Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759987 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Griya Joglo Ngayogyakarta''' menika griya adat kang saget ditemokaken ing Ngayogyakarta lan Jawi Tengah. Griya Joglo menika gadhah ciri kang mboten saget ditemokaken ing papan liya ing Indonesia. Bentuk, arsitektur, bahan, lan filosofi lan jinisipun gadhahi unik setunggal lan setunggalipun. == Sajarah == Sajarah bab Joglo menika tasih kirang jelas dumugi sak menika.<ref name="Rumah Joglo Yogyakarta">{{Cite web|url=https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailTetap=230|title=Rumah Joglo Yogyakarta|date=2015-01-01|website=Warisan Budaya Takbenda|access-date=2023-02-28}}</ref> Nanging joglo menika dados tiron kagem damel candhi-candhi ing Jawi kados Prambanan lan [[Barabudhur]]. Joglo menika dados papan palenggahanipun tiyang sugih arta utawi ageng drajatipun. Mila ing jaman rumiyin joglo namung angsal digadhahi dening raja utawi priyayi. Nangung anggepan menika sampun luntur. Nanging tembung Joglo menika dicuplik saking kalih tembung inggih menika Tajug Loro (Juglo) kang artosipun kalih giri.<ref name="Tifani">{{Cite news|url=https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5052551/asal-mula-penamaan-joglo-rumah-adat-dari-yogyakarta-dan-jawa-tengah|title=Asal Mula Penamaan Joglo, Rumah Adat dari Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah|last=Tifani|date=2022-08-27|work=Liputan6.com|access-date=2023-02-27}}</ref> Ing kabudayan Jawi giri menika gadhahi artos kang inggil lan suci. Tajug menika bentukipun kados kalih giri. Nangin sebatan Juglo menika dados Joglo. Joglo menika saderengipun didamel masyarakat kang inggil. Nanging ing jaman menika dados gedung kantor utawi papréntahan.<ref name="Tifani"/> == Wangun == Gendhèng joglo menika bentukipun tajug kang kados giri. Gendhèng joglo menika gabungan saking kalih gendhèng kang bentukipun segitiga kalawan bentuk gendhèng kang bentukipun trapésiyum. Gendhengipun gadhah kamiringan kang benten setunggal lan setunggalipun. Pucuk gendhèng menika wonten ing tengah kang dikelilingi kaliyan gendheng liyanipun.<ref name="Museum">{{Cite web|url=https://budaya.jogjaprov.go.id/berita/detail/1065-rumah-adat-joglo|title=Rumah Adat Joglo|last=Museum|first=By|date=2022-03-30|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=2023-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227174603/https://budaya.jogjaprov.go.id/berita/detail/1065-rumah-adat-joglo|archive-date=2023-02-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> Joglo menika bentukipun persagi kang migunakaken sekawan saka ing tengahipun. Saka menika dipun arani saka guru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://budaya.jogjaprov.go.id/berita/detail/1065-rumah-adat-joglo|title=Rumah Adat Joglo|last=Museum|first=By|date=2022-03-30|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=2023-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227174603/https://budaya.jogjaprov.go.id/berita/detail/1065-rumah-adat-joglo|archive-date=2023-02-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saka kang cacahipun sekawan dados pralambang arah inggih menika ler, kilen, kidul, lan wètan. Saka guru menika nyangga blandar lan pengeret.<ref name="Rumah Joglo Yogyakarta"/> Ing jaman samenika, wonten papan tambahan ing griya joglo menika. Griya menika gampil ditemukaken ing Ngayogyakarta. Joglo menika gampil sanget ditemahi ing Ngayogyakarta. Nanging wonten benten setunggal lan setunggalipun papan ing Ngayogyakarta piyambak. Kados dene griya joglo kang wonten ing [[Kuthagedhé, Kutha Ngayogyakarta|Kuthagedhé.]] Nalika wonten ing Kuthagedhé menika kathah sanget nemahi joglo menika. Joglo menika gadhah bentuk kang mboten wonten ing joglo sakliyanipun. Joglo Kuthagedhè menika nggadhahi bahu dhanyang. Bahu dhanyang menika gadhahi ukiran lan bentuk kang bénten tinimbang joglo sakliyanipun kang sampun wonten nalika Kuthagedhe menika dados kuthanegara Kraton Mataram ing abad kaping 16.<ref name="Museum"/> Bahu dhanyang kanthi ukiran kang éndah menika dados kang bentenaken joglo Kuthagedhe. Nanging sabanjuripun Eropah mlebet ing Kuthagedhe, wonten joglo kuthagedhe kang gantos bahu dhanyang menika dados sangga saking wesi. Sangga wesi menika gadhah ukiran kang benten timbang bahu dhanyang. Nanging, mboten sedaya griya joglo menika migunakaken sangga wesi. Tasih kang wonten migunakaken bahu dhanyang.<ref name="Museum"/> Ing Kuthagedhe sakmenika joglo mboten namung gadhahipun priyayi, nanging ugi masyarakat alit smapun gadhahi joglo. Joglo menika wonten tandha-tandhanipun kang béntenaken kaliyan griya liyanipun kados ing ngandhap punika. # Bentukipun parsagi. # Bentukipun imbang nalika dituwèni saking ngajeng. # Mboten wonten molo ing nginggil griya. == Pèrangan == Joglo menika dibagi dados kalih perangan, inggih menika griya utama lan tambahan ing sisih kiwa tengen. Ing sisih utama menika wonten: * Pendhapa. Menika wonten ing ngajeng. Kagem makempal lan nampi tamu. Pendhapa menika dados gambaran kang gadhah griya. Pendhapa menika dados pralambang sipat gagah. * Pringgitan. Pringgitan menika kacuplik saking tembung ringgit. Pringgitan menika kagem pagelaran wayang. Setri lan bocah menika lenggah ing dalem. * Dalem. Dalem menika dados ruang kaluwarga. Swasananipun wibawa lan tenterem. * Senthong. Senthong menika tiga panggenan kang jèjèr. Senthong kiwa lan tengen dados papan tilem lan nyimpen arta, lan senthong tengah menika dados papan parahagyan marang Dewi Sri. Senthong menika peteng lan sakral. * Bale Rata/kuncung. Bale rata menika kagem titian kreta utawi wahana kagem tamu tumuju pendhapa. * Pagongan. Pagongan menika kagem empèr saderenge tamu mlebet ing pendhapa. * Tratag. Tratag menika wonten ing antawisipun pendhapa lan pringgitan kagem kreta utawi wahana nalika kang gadhah dalem mudun saking wahana.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Iswanto|first=Danoe|date=2008|title=Aplikasi Ragam Hias Jawa Tradisional pada Rumah Tinggal Baru|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11719372.pdf|journal=Enclosure|volume=7(2)|pages=90-91}}</ref> Tambahan ing joglo menika wonten pinten pinten perangan inggih menika: * Gandhok menika papan kang wonten ing sisih kiwa lan tengen dalem. Gandhok wetan menika kagem tilem bocah jaler lan gandhok kilen menika kagem tilem bocah setri. Ing antawispun dalém lan gandhok wonten taman kagem kaluwarga. * Gandri. Gandri menika papan kagem dhaharan. Papanipun ing wingking senthong. Bentukipun kados emper kang isis lan tenterem. * Pawon lan pakiwan. Pawon menika wonten ing wingking caket kaliyan sumur. * Lumbung. Lumbung menika kagem nyimpen pantun lan kasil sawah liyanipun. Papanipun lumbung menika wonten ing kiwa utawi tengen pringgitan. * Gedongan. Gedongan menika dados kandang titihan. * Kandhang raja brana. Menika kagem kandhang kados lembu, menda, lan sakpanunggalanipun. * Peranginan. menika papan leren menawi rondha utawi jaga ing dalu. * Pranji. Paranji menika kandhang kagem kewan ingon-ingon.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Iswanto|first=Danoe|date=2008|title=Aplikasi Ragam Hias Jawa Tradisional pada Rumah Tinggal Baru|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11719372.pdf|journal=Enclosure|volume=7(2)|pages=91}}</ref> == Réferènsi== <references /> [[Kategori:WikiPusaka]] [[Kategori:Joglo]] 9xpnkaw6rrffrtbvpvdf02umbn8iunb Keboan Aliyan Osing 0 193903 1760149 1731318 2026-11-06T04:48:25Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760149 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kebo-keboan Alasmalang, Banyuwangi. 18.jpg|Kebo-keboan_Alasmalang,_Banyuwangi._18|thumb|250px|Paraga kakung nembé macak dados kebo-keboan]] '''Keboan Aliyan Osing''' inggih punika tradhisi ''unik'' ingkang dipun wontenaken minangka srana kanggé kawilujengan [[désa]] lan wujud sukur atas [[panèn]] ingkang sampun dipun paringaken déning [[Hyang|Gusti]] tumrap bebrayan [[Osing]] wonten ing [[Kabupatèn Banyuwangi]], [[Jawa Wétan|Propinsi Jawi Wétan]].<ref>Dinas Pariwisata. Calendar of Events 2006 Let’s Go Banyuwangi Next To Bali. Banyuwangi: Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Banyuwangi. 2006</ref> Ritual puniki rutin katindakaken saben taun sepisan saben [[Sasi|wulan]] [[Muharram]] utawi [[Sura]] ing [[Pananggalan Jawa|pananggalan Jawi]], ingkang dipun cariyosaken wiwit [[Abad ping 18|abad kaping 18]].<ref>Tim Penerbitan Buku BSP. Blambangan Selayang Pandang. Banyuwangi: Pemda Tingkat II Kabupaten Banyuwangi. 2000</ref> Bebrayan Osing pitaya yèn ritual kasebat boten dipun tindakaken, bakal wonten [[pageblug]] ing désanipun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2021/06/28/kebo-keboan-tradisi-300-tahun-masyarakat-banyuwangi-untuk-usir-wabah-penyakit|title=Kebo-keboan Tradhisi 300 taun Bebrayan Banyuwangi kanggé Nggusah Pageblug (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Kusumo|first=Rizky|date=2021-06-28|website=Good News From Indonesia|access-date=2023-02-26}}</ref> Wiwit taun 2016 saking Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Bidang Warisan Budaya Takbenda Kementerian Pendidikan lan Kebudayaan [[Indhonésia|Républik Indhonésia]] sampun netepaken tradhisi Keboan Aliyan Osing dados WBTB. == Cikal-bakal == Keboan Aliyan Osing dipun lampahaken déning tiyang jaler lema ingkang macak kados [[kebo]], nganggé tudhung awujud sungu damelan lan nganggé kalung klinthing supados katingal kados kebo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/surabaya/read/4959801/kebo-keboan-awali-perhelatan-tradisi-puter-kayun-di-banyuwangi|title=Kebo-keboan Miwiti Acara Tradhisis Puter Kayun wonten ing Banyuwangi (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Arifianto|first=Hermawan|date=2022-05-11|website=Liputan 6|access-date=2023-02-26}}</ref> Dhèwèkipun ugi blonyo awak kanthi cairan cemeng ingkang limrahipun kadamel saking [[Lenga|lisah]] lan [[areng]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jatim/budaya/d-6208813/keboan-aliyan-banyuwangi-tradisi-saat-warga-berubah-jadi-kerbau|title=Keboan Aliyan Banyuwangi Tradhisi Rikala Warga Malih Dados Kebo (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Fanani|first=Ardian|date=2022-07-03|website=Detik Jatim|access-date=2023-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226093040/https://www.detik.com/jatim/budaya/d-6208813/keboan-aliyan-banyuwangi-tradisi-saat-warga-berubah-jadi-kerbau|archive-date=2023-02-26|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lajeng mlampah-mlampah kanthi narik [[luku]] ing pinggir [[margi]] désa kanthi kairing musik tradhisional Banyuwangi. Tampilan ritual kebo-keboan wonten ing kalurahan [[Aliyan, Ragajampi, Banyuwangi|Aliyan]], kapanéwon [[Ragajampi, Banyuwangi|Ragajampi]] dipun wiwiti saking pageblug (''epidemi''). Inggih punika jinis [[sesakit]] ingkang gegirisi lan awrat pados jampinipun, amargi ingkang kénging [[Ésuk|énjing]] bakal pejah ing wanci [[Awan|siyang]], yèn ketaman [[Wengi|dalu]] bakal pejah ing wanci énjing lan sapiturutipun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jatim.antaranews.com/berita/77636/warga-osing-banyuwangi-gelar-ritual-kebo-keboan|title=Warga Osing Bayuwangi Gelar Ritual Kebo-keboan|last=Suukarelawati|first=Endang|date=2011-12-04|website=Antara|access-date=2023-02-26}}</ref> Kawontenan ingkang nemen, sesepuh désa ingkang asmanipun [[Mbah Karti]] [[Semedi|semèdi]] wonten ing [[punthuk]]. Salebeting semedi, tokoh ingkang dipepundhi puniki pikantuk ilham, wosipun warga dipun dhawuhi nindakaken ritual kebo-keboan lan ngluhuraken [[Déwi Sri|Dèwi Sri]] utawi tiyang ingkang kapitaya minangka simbul kamakmuran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailTetap=374|title=Warisan Budaya Keboan-Aliyan Osing|last=WBTB|first=Admin|date=2016-01-01|website=Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|access-date=2023-02-26}}</ref> == Lelampahan == === Sadèrèngipun Acara === Sewulan sadèrèngipun upacara adat kebo-keboan dipun wontenaken pamilihan ketua panitia déning sedaya warga [[dhusun]] satemah para anggota ugi saking warga dhusun. Sasampunipun ketua panitia kapilih, ketua panitia milih anggota miterat kaprigelanipun. Panitia anggagdhahi jejibahan kanggé nyawisaken sedaya kabutuhan upacara, nata upacara saking wiwitan ngantos pungkasan upacara. Kagiyatan salajengipun inggih punika damel [[gapura]] saking [[palawija]]. Padamelan gapura punika dipuntindakaken kanthi [[Gugur-gunung|gugur gunung]] antawisipun warga désa. Saasanèsipun damel gapura saking palawija, ugi damel [[kréta]] Dewi Sri lan panggung. Gapura palawija mengku tegesi kasil panen ing bebrayan Osing saé. Sedaya jinis palawija saénipun kapendhet minangka rerenggan ing gapura palawija. Gapura palawija kadamel saben RT, mila kados-kados wonten [[sayembara]] damel gapura palawija paling saé.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Graha Lestari|first=Dina Eka|date=2020-02-02|title=Upacara Adat Kebo-Keboan Desa Alas Malang|url=|journal=An-Nas Jurnal Humaniora|volume=4|pages=30-45}}</ref> === Acara Inti === Tanem palawija minangka babak wiwitan ing acara panggih upacara adat Kebo-keboan. Warga sami grejegan tanpa pandeng-pandengan laré [[Enom|enèm]] lan sepuh nanem jinis palawija ing pinggir margi kanthi pangajeng-ajeng ngenjang saged suksès lan ngasilaken woh ingkang migunani kanggé nyengkuyung [[ékonomi]] kulawarganipun piyambak-piyambak. Palawija ingkang dipun tanem masyarakat ing saben margi dhusun wiwit saking [[Kulon|Kilèn]], [[Wétan]], [[Kidul]] lan [[Lor|Lèr]] kanthi jejeg ing salah satunggal titik tengah ngantos sekawan pojok.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://surabaya.kompas.com/read/2022/03/01/190000878/upacara-adat-kebo-keboan-banyuwangi--sejarah-tujuan-dan-pelaksanaannya?page=all|title=Upacara Adat Kebo-keboan Banyuwangi, Sujarah, Ancas, lan Kaleksananipun (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Kompas|first=Tim|date=2022-03-01|website=Kompas.com|access-date=2023-02-26}}</ref> Ing sapanjang margi panggénan taneman kasebat dipun umpamakaken kalihan lahan tetanèn masyarakat ing dhusun ingkang salajengipun wonten gegayutanipun kalihan prosèsi ngleksanakake acara. Sasampunipun rerangkèning kagiyatan nanem palawija lan nyawisaken [[donga]] kawilujengan, salajengipun [[kirab]] kawilujengan désa utawi bersih désa.<ref>Keboan Aliyan Banyuwangi, Tradisi Agraria saat Warga Berubah Menjadi “Kerbau” | Berita Banyuwangi (banyuwangikab.go.id)</ref> Rikala dinten kaleksanan sedaya warga dhusun sami nglempak ing margi bekta piranti upacara ingkang limrah dipun wastani ancak utawi sekul [[tumpeng]], saben ancak nganggé [[klasa]]. Ingkang unik inggih punika tiyang-tiyang ingkang tumut prosès kawilujengan ngutamakaken tiyang ingkang rawuh utawi penonton saking njawi désa.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Nilai - Nilai Kemasyarakatan|last=Suprapti.|publisher=Departemen Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan|year=1995|location=Jakarta}}</ref> Rerangkèning arak-arakan salajengipun inggih punika arak-arakan ider [[bumi]] ingkang ngubengi dhusun lumantar sekawan [[pancer]] inggih punika Wétan, Kilèn, Lèr, saha Kidul, ingkang dipun wiwiti saking sisih Kilén minangka titik kumpul tengah. Arak-arakan punika gadhah ancas kanggé ngiringi pralambang Dèwi Sri.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mitos dalam Upacara Adat Kebo-keboan Masyarakat Osing di Desa Alasmalang Kabupaten Banyuwangi: Kajian Etnografi|last=Eva Damayanti|first=Aulia Mika|publisher=Universitas Negeri Jember|year=2018|location=Jember}}</ref> Sasanèsipun kebo-keboan, ugi wonten [[paguyuban]] tani jaler lan èstri ugi pawang kebo.<ref>Tradisi Kebo-Keboan Suku Osing Banyuwangi (banyuwangibagus.com)</ref> Arak-arakan Dèwi Sri mlampah sinambi nembangaken [[tembang]] Dèwi Sri. Kebo dipun paragani déning [[manungsa]], arak-arakan Ider Bumi dipun pandhégani déning [[Buldrah]], tokoh ingkang katingal anggadhahi kaprigellan ing babagan tetanèn. Arak-arakan ider bumi sengaja nyakup maneka warni kagunan rakyat Osing. Kagunan puniku kalebèt ing upacara adat Kebo-keboan sasanèsipun kanggé narik kawigatèn para rawuh ugi kanggé narik wulu pamedal ingkang tumanja. Kagunan utami inggih punika [[Kesenian tradhisional Jawa|kesenian tradhisional]], kalebet [[Barongan|Barong]] ider bumi, tari [[Gandrung]], [[Angklung Paglak]], [[Damarwulan]] utawa [[Jinggoan]], [[Kuntul]], [[Buta Jaranan]]. Sedaya jinis kagunan tumut pawai Ider Bumi. Sadèrèngipun dipun lampahi slulupan, jangkah ingkang sepisanan inggih punika nyempit kebo utawi nyekar kebo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/kumparantravel/menengok-aksi-manusia-kerbau-di-tradisi-kebo-keboan-banyuwangi/full|title=Mirsani Kridhaning Manungsa Kebo ing Tradhisi Kebo-keboan Banyuwangi (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Kumparan|first=Travel|date=2018-01-10|website=Kumparan|access-date=2023-02-26}}</ref> Remet puniki ugi kapitaya saged nambani sesakit napa kémawon lan saged nambani tiyang ingkang kangslupan [[roh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesindonesia.co.id/peristiwa-daerah/421108/tradisi-mistis-keboan-aliyan-banyuwangi-puluhan-warga-kerasukan-siluman-kerbau|title=Tradhisi Mistis Keboan Aliyan Banyuwangi Puluhan Warga Kangslupan Siluman Kebo (saking basa Indhonésia)|last=Arifin|first=Syamsul|date=2022-07-31|website=Times Indonesia|access-date=2023-02-26}}</ref> Kathah warga ingkang sami rebutan nyuwun remet kanggé dipun gosok ing saranduning badan, utaminipun ing [[Rai|pasuryan]]. == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Warisan budaya]] [[Kategori:Warisan budaya dudu barang Indhonésia]] [[Kategori:WikiPusaka]] <references /> == Pranala Jaba == * [https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/12378/1/Buku%20Panduan%20Penetapan%20Warisan%20Budaya%20Takbenda%20Indonesia%20Tahun%202014.pdf] * [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Katalog_Warisan_Budaya_Takbenda_Indonesia_2018_%28Buku_1%29.pdf] * [https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/24348/1/Panduan%20pencatatan%2C%20penetapan%2C%20dan%20pengusulan%20warisan%20budaya%20tak%20benda%20indonesia.pdf] * [https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/34299-ID.pdf] 5myq61zwlgr9bmnt016a55n2g5allhy Hak manungsa ing Botswana 0 194119 1760012 1632719 2026-11-05T21:01:19Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 8 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760012 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hak manungsa ing Botswana''' iku diréksa déning [[Konstitusi Botswana|konstitusi]]. Lapuran Hak Manungsa taun 2009 déning Dhépartemen Jaba Nagari Amérika Sarékat nyathet yèn pamaréntah [[Botswana]] lumrahé ngajèni hak-hak warga nagarané.<ref name="2009 Human Rights Report">, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100324180816/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/af/135939.htm U.S Dept of State Human Rights Report: Botswana]</ref> == Konstitusi == Konstitusi Botswana ngrembug asas-asas hak manungsa kaya ta [[kamardikan wicara]], [[kamardikan kaklumpukan]], lan hak urip.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commonlii.org/bw/legis/const/1966/ |title=Constitution of Botswana 1966 - Table of Contents |publisher=Commonlii.org |date=1966-09-30 |access-date=2012-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930065523/http://www.commonlii.org/bw/legis/const/1966/ |archive-date=2011-09-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Isu == === Kamardikan wicara lan pèrs === Konstitusi Botswana ngrembug gagasan kamardikan wicara lan bab iki lumrahé diajèni déning pamaréntah.<ref name="2009 Human Rights Report" /> === Ukuman mati=== {{main|Ukuman mati ing Botswana}} Pangadhilan Luhur ing Johannesburg, [[Afrika Kidul]] ngandharaké Botswana minangka "nagara ''pariah'' kang ora sinkron karo mayoritas nagara-nagara Afrika kang wis ninggal utawa nulak ukuman mati". 32 wong dikendhat ing Botswana ing antarané jaman kamardikan nalika 1966 nganti 1998, lan enem wong liyané dièksekusi antara taun 2001 nganti 2006. === Pribumi === {{see also|Pasulayan lemah leluhur ing Botswana}} Akèh wong pribumi [[wong San|San]] dipindhah kanthi peksa saka lemah darbèké dhéwé menyang rèservasi. Supaya dhèwèké padha pindhah, wong San ora diidini ngaksès [[banyu]] saka lemahé dhéwé lan ditangkep yèn nindakaké beburon kang dadi sumber panganan pokoké.<ref name=bbc1>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24821867|title=Botswana bushmen: Modern life is destroying us|work=BBC News|access-date=24 July 2016|date=7 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325015238/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24821867|archive-date=2016-03-25|url-status=live}}</ref> Lemah wong San kapernah ing tengah-tengah laladan inten paling kaloka ing donya. Sacara resmi, pamaréntah nyelak yèn pamindhahan iki ana gegayutané karo tambang lan ndhaku yèn pamindhahan iki kanggo njaga satwa lan ékosistem Botswana, senadyan ta wong San wis nglakoni urip ing lemah iku nganti èwunan taun.<ref name=bbc1/> Ing rèservasi, dhèwèké padha kasusahan golèk pagawéan lan nyandu [[alkohol]] kang dadi ambek sawenang-wenang.<ref name=bbc1/> == Kaanan historis == Ing isor iki kapacak bagan peringkat Botswana awit 1972 ing lapuran Freedom in the World kang dibabar taunan déning Freedom House. Peringkat 1 iku "mardika"; 7, "ora mardika"<ref name='FH1972'>{{cite web | url = http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW%20All%20Scores%2C%20Countries%2C%201973-2012%20%28FINAL%29.xls | title = Country ratings and status, FIW 1973-2012 | access-date = 2012-08-22 | author = Freedom House | author-link = Freedom House | date = 2012 | format = XLS | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120424223549/http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW%20All%20Scores%2C%20Countries%2C%201973-2012%20%28FINAL%29.xls | archive-date = 2012-04-24 | url-status = live }}</ref>{{efn|Gatèkna yèn "Taun" ing kéné satemené "Taun nalika dilapuraké". Mangkono iku, katrangan kang tinengeran taun 2008 iku lapuran kang dibabar taun 2009, lan sabanjuré.}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" |+ Peringkat historis |- ! scope="col" | Taun ! scope="col" | [[Hak pulitik]] ! scope="col" | [[Kamardikan sipil]] ! scope="col" | Setatus ! scope="col" | Présidhèn{{efn|Per 1 Januari.}} |- | 1972 | 3 | 4 | Sapérangan Mardika | [[Seretse Khama]] |- | 1973 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Seretse Khama |- | 1974 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Seretse Khama |- | 1975 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Seretse Khama |- | 1976 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Seretse Khama |- | 1977 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Seretse Khama |- | 1978 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Seretse Khama |- | 1979 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | Seretse Khama |- | 1980 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Seretse Khama |- | 1981 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | [[Quett Masire]] |- | 1982{{efn|Lapuran taun 1982 ngrakup taun 1981 lan paruh kapisan taun 1982, lan lapuran taun 1984 sabanjuré ngrakup paruh kapindho taun 1982 lan sakabèhing taun 1983. Kanggo kaprasajan, rong lapuran "setaun setengah" kang nyimpang iki wis dipisah dadi lapuran telung taun lumantar interpolasi.}} | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1983 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1984 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1985 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1986 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1987 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1988 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1989 | 1 | 2 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1990 | 1 | 2 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1991 | 1 | 2 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1992 | 1 | 2 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1993 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1994 | 2 | 3 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1995 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1996 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1997 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1998 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | Quett Masire |- | 1999 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | [[Festus Mogae]] |- | 2000 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | Festus Mogae |- | 2001 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | Festus Mogae |- | 2002 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | Festus Mogae |- | 2003 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | Festus Mogae |- | 2004 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | Festus Mogae |- | 2005 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | Festus Mogae |- | 2006 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | Festus Mogae |- | 2007 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | Festus Mogae |- | 2008 | 2 | 2 | Mardika | Festus Mogae |- | 2009 | 3 | 2 | Mardika | [[Ian Khama]] |- | 2010 | 3 | 2 | Mardika | Ian Khama |- | 2011 | 3 | 2 | Mardika | Ian Khama |- | 2012<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW%202013%20Booklet.pdf | title = Freedom in the World 2013: Democratic Breakthroughs in the Balance | author = Freedom House | author-link = Freedom House | date = 2013 | access-date = 2015-03-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402173735/https://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW%202013%20Booklet.pdf | archive-date = 2015-04-02 | url-status = live }}</ref> | 3 | 2 | Mardika | Ian Khama |- | 2013<ref>{{cite web | url = https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW2014%20Booklet.pdf | title = Freedom in the World 2014 | author = Freedom House | author-link = Freedom House | date = 2014 | access-date = 2015-03-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150712034045/https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW2014%20Booklet.pdf | archive-date = 2015-07-12 | url-status = live }}</ref> | 3 | 2 | Mardika | Ian Khama |- | 2014<ref>{{cite web | url = https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/01152015_FIW_2015_final.pdf | title = Freedom in the World 2015 | author = Freedom House | author-link = Freedom House | date = 2015 | access-date = 2015-03-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151018160403/https://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/01152015_FIW_2015_final.pdf | archive-date = 2015-10-18 | url-status = live }}</ref> | 3 | 2 | Mardika | Ian Khama |} == Prajanjèn internasional == Solahé Botswana ngenani [[Ukum hak manungsa internasional|prajanjèn hak manungsa internasional]]: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" |+ Prajanjèn internasional |- ! scope="col" | Prajanjèn ! scope="col" | Organisasi ! scope="col" | Dikenalaké ! scope="col" | Ditapak asmani ! scope="col" | Diratifikasi |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Konvènsi babagan Pangéndhan lan Ukuman Piala Gènosida]]<ref name='UN 1'>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-1&chapter=4&lang=en |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 1. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Paris, 9 December 1948 |access-date=2012-08-29 |author=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020233944/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-1&chapter=4&lang=en |archive-date=20 October 2012 }}</ref> | [[Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] |1948 | - | - |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Konvènsi Internasional babagan Pambusakan Sakabèhing Wujud Diskriminasi Rasial]]<ref name='UN 2'>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 2. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. New York, 7 March 1966 |access-date=2012-08-29 |author=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en |archive-date=11 February 2011 }}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa | 1966 | - | 1974 |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Kovenan Internasional babagan Hak-Hak Ékonomi, Sosial, lan Budaya]]<ref name='UN 3'>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-3&chapter=4&lang=en |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 16 December 1966 |access-date=2012-08-29 |author=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917040858/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-3&chapter=4&lang=en |archive-date=17 September 2012 }}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa |1966 | - | - |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Kovenan Internasional babagan Hak-Hak Sipil lan Pulitik]]<ref name='UN 4'>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4&lang=en |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 4. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966 |access-date=2012-08-29 |author=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901184638/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4&lang=en |archive-date=1 September 2010 }}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa | 1966 | 2000 | 2000 |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Protokol Opsional Kapisan Kovenan Internasional babagan Hak-Hak Sipil lan Pulitik]]<ref name='UN 5'>{{cite web | url = http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-5&chapter=4&lang=en | title = United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 5. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966 | access-date = 2012-08-29 | author = United Nations | author-link = United Nations | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121021103748/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-5&chapter=4&lang=en | archive-date = 2012-10-21 | url-status = dead }}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa |1966 | - | - |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Konvènsi babagan Ora Kenané Pawatesan Ukum tumrap Piala Perang lan Piala tumrap Kamanungsan]]<ref name='UN 6'>{{cite web | url = http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-6&chapter=4&lang=en | title = United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 6. Convention on the non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanity. New York, 26 November 1968 | access-date = 2012-08-29 | author = United Nations | author-link = United Nations | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121020214806/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-6&chapter=4&lang=en | archive-date = 2012-10-20 | url-status = dead }}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa |1968 | - | - |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Konvènsi Internasional babagan Panyirnan lan Pangukuman Piala Apartheid]]<ref name='UN 7'>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-7&chapter=4&lang=en |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 7. International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. New York, 30 November 1973 |access-date=2012-08-29 |author=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718122932/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-7&chapter=4&lang=en |archive-date=18 July 2012 }}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa |1973 | - | - |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Konvènsi babagan Pambusakan Sakabèhing Wujud Diskriminasi marang Wanita]]<ref name='UN 8'>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-8&chapter=4&lang=en |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 18 December 1979 |access-date=2012-08-29 |author=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823144158/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-8&chapter=4&lang=en |archive-date=23 August 2012 }}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa | 1979 | - | 1996 |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Konvènsi Nentang Panyiksan lan Perlakon utawa Pangukuman Liya kang Kejem, Ora Manungsawi, utawa Ngasoraké Martabating Manungsa]]<ref name='UN 9'>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-9&chapter=4&lang=en |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 9. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. New York, 10 December 1984 |access-date=2012-08-29 |author=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108052518/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-9&chapter=4&lang=en |archive-date=8 November 2010 }}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa | 1984 | 2000 | 2000 |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Konvènsi Hak-Hak Anak]]<ref name='UN 11'>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&lang=en |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11. Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, 20 November 1989 |access-date=2012-08-29 |author=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211151110/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&lang=en |archive-date=11 February 2014 }}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa | 1989 | - | 1995 |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Protokol Opsional Kapindho Kovenan Internasional babagan Hak-Hak Sipil lan Pulitik babagan Pambusakan Ukuman Mati]]<ref name='UN 12'>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-12&chapter=4&lang=en |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 12. Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. New York, 15 December 1989 |access-date=2012-08-29 |author=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020234014/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-12&chapter=4&lang=en |archive-date=20 October 2012 }}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa |1989 | - | - |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Konvènsi Internasional babagan Pangreksan Sakabèhing Hak Buruh Migran lan Para Anggota Kulawarga Dhèwèké Padha]]<ref name='UN 13'>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-13&chapter=4&lang=en |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 13. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families. New York, 18 December 1990 |access-date=2012-08-29 |author=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825222904/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-13&chapter=4&lang=en |archive-date=25 August 2012 }}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa |1990 | - | - |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Protokol Opsional Konvènsi babagan Pambusakan Sakabèhing Wujud Diskriminasi marang Wanita]]<ref name='UN 8b'>{{cite web| url = http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-8-b&chapter=4&lang=en| title = United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 6 October 1999| access-date = 2012-08-29| author = United Nations| author-link = United Nations| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110520040105/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-8-b&chapter=4&lang=en| archive-date = 2011-05-20| url-status = dead}}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa | 1999 | - | 2007 |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Protokol Opsional Konvènsi babagan Hak-Hak Anak babagan Gegayutané Anak ing Pasulayan mawa Gaman]]<ref name='UN 11b'>{{cite web| url = http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-b&chapter=4&lang=en| title = United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. New York, 25 May 2000| access-date = 2012-08-29| author = United Nations| author-link = United Nations| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160425032942/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-b&chapter=4&lang=en| archive-date = 2016-04-25| url-status = dead}}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa | 2000 | 2003 | 2004 |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Protokol Opsional Konvènsi babagan Hak-Hak Anak babagan Pangadolan Anak, Prostitusi Anak, lan Pornografi Anak]]<ref name='UN 11c'>{{cite web| url = http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-c&chapter=4&lang=en| title = United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11c. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. New York, 25 May 2000| access-date = 2012-08-29| author = United Nations| author-link = United Nations| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131213004558/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-c&chapter=4&lang=en| archive-date = 2013-12-13| url-status = dead}}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa | 2000 | - | 2003 |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Konvènsi babagan Hak-Hak Kang Nandhang Disabilitas]]<ref name='UN 15'>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&lang=en |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006 |access-date=2012-08-29 |author=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819033725/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&lang=en |archive-date=19 August 2012 }}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa | 2006 | - | - |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Protokol Opsional Konvènsi babagan Hak-Hak Kang Nandhang Disabilitas]]<ref name='UN 15a'>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15-a&chapter=4&lang=en |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15a. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006 |access-date=2012-08-29 |author=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113202037/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15-a&chapter=4&lang=en |archive-date=13 January 2016 }}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa |2006 | - | - |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Konvènsi Internasional babagan Pangreksan marang Kabèh Wong saka Tumindak Pangilangan Kanthi Peksa]]<ref name='UN 16'>{{cite web| url = http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-16&chapter=4&lang=en| title = United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 16. International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. New York, 20 December 2006| access-date = 2012-08-29| author = United Nations| author-link = United Nations| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120821123748/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-16&chapter=4&lang=en| archive-date = 2012-08-21| url-status = dead}}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa |2006 | - | - |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Protokol Opsional Kovenan Internasional babagan Hak-Hak Ékonomi, Sosial, lan Budaya]]<ref name='UN 3a'>{{cite web| url = http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-3-a&chapter=4&lang=en| title = United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3a. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 10 December 2008| access-date = 2012-08-29| author = United Nations| author-link = United Nations| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120924103611/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-3-a&chapter=4&lang=en| archive-date = 2012-09-24| url-status = dead}}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa |2008 | - | - |- | style="text-align: left" | [[Protokol Opsional Konvènsi Hak Anak babagan Prosedur Sesambungan]]<ref name='UN 11d'>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&chapter=4&lang=en |title=United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11d. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure . New York, 19 December 2011. New York, 10 December 2008 |access-date=2012-08-29 |author=United Nations |author-link=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825214748/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&chapter=4&lang=en |archive-date=25 August 2012 }}</ref> | Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa |2011 | - | - |} == Uga delengen == * [[Hak LGBT ing Botswana]] == Cathetan == {{notelist}} == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala jaba == * [http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2012/botswana Lapuran Freedom in the World taun 2012], déning [[Freedom House]] [[Kategori:Hak manungsa]] [[Kategori:Botswana]] fdjba3ayq7ojmol4rll3xetclyzulhu De Tjolomadoe 0 194885 1759901 1733101 2026-11-05T14:17:50Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759901 wikitext text/x-wiki '''De Tjolomadoe''' inggih menika tilasing pabrik gendhis ingkang dumunung wonten ing Margi Adi Sucipto No. 1 [[Malangjiwan, Calamadu, Karanganyar|Malangjiwan]], [[Calamadu, Karanganyar|Calamadu]], [[Kabupatèn Karanganyar|Karanganyar]], [[Jawa Tengah]], Indhonésia. Pabrik gendhis menika dipunéwahi dados musiyum, punjer konvènsi, saha wewengkon kumersil. Musiyum menika mawi antawis 5,4 kilomèter dhateng sisih Kidul Wétan saking Papan Anggegana Internasional Adisoemarmo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2022/12/05/211200327/de-tjolomadoe--jam-buka-tiket-masuk-dan-aktivitas|title=De Tjolomadoe: Jam Buka, Tiket Masuk, dan Aktivitas|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2022-12-05|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2023-05-30}}</ref> Pabrik gendhis menika kala semanten dados pusering industri pangulahaning rosan rikala pamaréntahaning [[Indhiya Nèderlan]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/06/07/091200026/pg-colomadu-simbol-kekayaan-raja-jawa-pengusaha-pribumi-era-kolonial|title=PG Colomadu, Simbol Kekayaan Raja Jawa-Pengusaha Pribumi era Kolonial|last=Idris|first=Muhammad|date=2020-06-07|work=[[Kompas.com]]|access-date=2022-09-29|editor-last=Idris|editor-first=Muhammad|language=id}}</ref> Pabrik gendhis menika wiyaripun 1,3 héktar (3,2 ékar) wonten ing siti awiyar 6,4 héktar (16 ékar). Wonten ing taun 1928, pabrik menika dipunwiyaraken saha dipunrenggan malih.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2018/03/24/230500527/de-tjolomadoe-pabrik-gula-itu-kini-menjadi-destinasi-wisata?page=all|title=De Tjolomadoe, Pabrik Gula Itu Kini Menjadi Destinasi Wisata|last=Asdhiana|first=I.M.|date=2018-03-24|work=Kompas.com|access-date=2023-05-30}}</ref> == Sujarah == === Pratikel === Gagasan kanggé madegaken pabrik gendhis menika asalipun saking [[Mangkunagara IV|K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagara IV]]. Wiwitanipun inggih menika badhé damel ''modernisasi ekonomi'' Mangkunagaran supados nampi sakathah-kathahing pamedal kanggé [[Kadipatèn Mangkunagaran|Mangkunagaran]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Virgin|first=Nalurita Rizkiana|date=2022-05-12|title=Perkembangan Pabrik Gula Colomadu dan Perubahan Kehidupan Ekonomi Masyarakat Tahun 1990-1998|url=https://e-journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/HV/article/view/3990|journal=Historia Vitae|language=id|publisher=Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah, Universitas Sanata Dharma|volume=2|issue=1|pages=36|doi=10.24071/hv.v2i1.3990|issn=2797-9415|access-date=2023-09-16|archive-date=2022-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930172200/https://e-journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/HV/article/view/3990|url-status=dead}}</ref> Minangka panjangka wiwitan, Mangkunagaran damel ''rèformasi agraria'' ingkang dipuntindakaken kanthi mundhut siti [[apanase]]. Pamundhutan menika dipunsulih déning Mangkunagaran arupi yatra ingkang jumbuh kaliyan wiyaring siti saha tataran suburing siti. K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagara IV ugi ngèndel ''kontrak'' sewa siti kaliyan ''perusahaan swasta'' Kilèn.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Birsyada|first=Muhammad Iqbal|last2=Wasino|first2=Wasino|last3=Suyahmo|first3=Suyahmo|last4=Joebagio|first4=Hermanu|date=2016-06-15|title=BISNIS KELUARGA MANGKUNEGARAN|url=https://journal.walisongo.ac.id/index.php/walisongo/article/view/975|journal=Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan|volume=24|issue=1|pages=111–136|doi=10.21580/ws.24.1.975|issn=2461-064X}}</ref> Pabrik Gendhis Tjolomadoe dipun yasa wonten ing taun 1861 kanthi medalaken dana gunggunging ƒ400.000. Pawitaning wangun pabrik pikantuk dana pitulungan saking ''Gupermèn'' saha Be Bin Cian, mayor [[Tionghoa]] wonten ing [[Kutha Semarang|Semarang]]. Pamilihing nami ''Tjolomadoe'' ingkang gadhah artos "redi madu" boten wonten katerangan kanthi gamblang. Ananging menawi dipunpirsani saking adating ratu Jawi, nama menika anggadhahi setunggal gegayuhan supados kawontenaning pabrik gendhis menika saged dados pirantos ingkang damel sugihing Mangkunagaran.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Wasino|date=2012-08-06|title=Mangkunegara IV, Raja-Pengusaha, Pendiri Industri Gula Mangkunegaran|url=https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jurnal-humaniora/article/view/825|journal=Humaniora|language=id|publisher=Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gajah Mada|volume=17|issue=1|pages=31–37|doi=10.22146/jh.825|issn=2302-9269}}</ref> === Panuwuhan === [[Barkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Suikerfabriek_Tjolomadoe_(Malang_Djiwan)_TMnr_60022717.jpg|kiri|jmpl| Pabrik Gendhis Tjolomadoe antawis ing pungkasaning 1860 ngantos wiwitaning 1870-an]] Kawontenaning Pabrik Gendhis Tjolomadoe sanget biyantu pamedaling Mangkunagaran. Kawewahan malih kaliyan mangsa industri gendhis ingkang taksih prayogi dadosaken kathahing pamedal saking pabrik satemah saged dipun-ginakaken kanggé bayar béya berah para priyantun saha nebus pambayaraning siti apanase ingkang dèrèng pundhat. Subagyaning pabrik gendhis menika dadosaken K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagara IV kanggé wangun pabrik gendhis malih ingkang dipunwastani [[Pabrik Gendhis Tasikmadu]].<ref name=":1"/> Ananging kuncaraning pabrik gendhis menika naming sekedhap. Nalika pamaréntahaning [[Mangkunagara V|K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagara V]], industri gendhis kalampahan mundur. Bab menika amargi pakebonan rosan ingkang katrajang ama saha kaluputaning ''manajemen'' nalika nindakaken pabrik temahan dadosaken kiranging ''anggaran''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rantikah|first=Rantikah|date=2021|title=Dinamika Pabrik Gula Tasikmadu di Mangkunegaran Tahun 1917-1935|url=https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/mozaik/article/view/45618|journal=Mozaik: Kajian Ilmu Sejarah|language=id|publisher=Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.21831/moz.v12i2.45618|issn=2808-9308|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911163137/https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/mozaik/article/view/45618|archive-date=2022-09-11|access-date=2023-09-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sambutan ingkang sampun kathah kaklempak saking péhak swasta kang ngawrataken anggaran pabrik, dadosaken pamaréntah Indhiya Nèderlan mundhut sedaya urusan babagan yatraning Mangkunagaran ugi panindaking pabrik-pabrik gendhis.<ref name=":0"/> Wonten ing pamaréntahaning [[Mangkunagara VI|K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagara VI]], kahanan pabrik-pabrik gendhis malih dados saé. Bab menika amargi saking ''kebijakan'' kanggé ngiritaken pamedaling yatra Mangkunagaran kados ta ngicalaken prajurit margayuda (pangreksa kori), nyuda pista-pista kaluwarga keprabon saha nyuda gajining para priyantun. Kebijakan menika saged ngleresaken kahanan ''finansial'' Mangkunagaran, saéngga wonten ing taun 1899 saking panyuwuning K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagara VI pangalolaning pabrik gendhis Mangkunagaran dipunwangsulaken kanthi kedah wonten setunggal ahli saking Walandi minangka ''superintendent''. Jayaning Pabrik Gula Tjolomadoe wangsul malih nalika pamaréntahaning [[Mangkunagara VII|K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagara VII]]. Bab menika tinengeran kanthi minggahing gunggungan panèn rosan saking Pabrik Gendhis Tjolomadoe. Wonten ing taun 1929, Pabrik Gendhis Tjolomadoe manèn rosan awiyar 1.187,47 héktar kebon rosan. Ananging kajayan menika boten langkung amargi ''krisis malaise'' ingkang kalampahan kaliyan Indhiya Nèderlan, dadosaken ''intervènsi kebijakan'' pamaréntah Indhiya Nèderlan mungguh ing industri gendhis Mangkunagaran, kados ta nyuda wewengkon pakebonan rosan, pangaturan sadean kanthi ''terpusat'' turut NIVAS (''[[Nederlandsch Indishche Vereeninging voor de Afzet van Suiker]]'').<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Abidah|first=Salma|date=2018-10-29|title=Perkembangan Perkebunan Tebu di Mangkunegara Tahun 1918-1937|url=https://journal.student.uny.ac.id/index.php/ilmu-sejarah/article/view/13228|journal=Ilmu Sejarah - S1|language=|publisher=Jurusan Pendidikan Sejarah, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta|volume=3|issue=6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006090621/https://journal.student.uny.ac.id/index.php/ilmu-sejarah/article/view/13228|archive-date=2022-10-06|access-date=2023-09-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Mangsa palenggahan Jepang === Nalika mangsa palenggahan [[Jepang]], produksi gendhis kasudan amargi pabrik kangèlan kanggé pikantuk tiyang berah saha wewengkon kangge nanem rosan. Bab menika inggih amargi saking tujuan pamaréntah palenggahan Jepang ingkang langkung milih kangge tetanem bakal pangan. Kajaba menika, gumantining pabrik dados pabrik [[semèn]], [[amunisi]], saha [[butanol]] inggih dados salah satunggaling sabab sudaning produksi gendhis.<ref name=":0"/> === Mangsa kamardikan === [[Barkas:Pabrik_Gula_Colomadu_-_Stasiun_Gilingan_2.jpg|jmpl| Stasiun penggilingan saka PG Colomadu]] Kawontenaning [[Révolusi Sosial]] wonten [[Kutha Surakarta|Surakarta]] ing taun 1946 dadosaken status [[Daérah Istiméwa Surakarta]] dipunbusek. Bab menika gadhah daya pangaribawa dhateng pamundhutan sedaya badan usaha inggih ''industri'' gendhis Mangkunagaran ugi dipun-''nasionalisasi'' déning pamaréntah Républik Indonésia tebih sadèrèngipun wonten ''program nasionalisasi'' ing taun 1957.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Prasetyo|first=Himawan|date=2022-07-24|title=Tinjauan Sejarah Pabrik Gula Colomadu|url=http://journal.univetbantara.ac.id/index.php/keraton/article/view/2663|journal=Keraton: Journal of History Education and Culture|language=id|publisher=Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara, Sukoharjo|volume=4|issue=1|pages=14–19|doi=10.32585/keraton.v4i1.2663|issn=2686-0082}}</ref> Wonten ing taun 1947 lumantar Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 babagan Perusahaan Perkebunan Républik Indonésia (PPRI) saéngga Pabrik Gendhis Tjolomadoe dados kagunganipun pamaréntah Républik Indonésia. Kawontenaning Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 1 taun 1963 babagan kawontenaning Badan Pimpinan Umum Perusahaan Perkebunan Negara (PPN) Gula dan Karung Goni ingkang kapusat wonten ing Jakarta, kepareng hak saha wewenang dhumateng PPN wonten ngatur perusahaan pabrik gendhis kados inggih perusahaan ingkang madeg piyambak. Pabrik Gendhis Tjolomadoe mlebet ing wewengkon PPN Kesatuan Jateng V. Nalika ing taun 1968 wonten Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 14 babagan kawontenaning Perusahaan Nasional Perkebunan (PNP). Wonten ing taun 1981 dipunlampahaken reorganisasi pakebonan saéngga PNP dipunbibaraken saha miturut Surat Keputusan Menteri Keuangan tanggal 28 April 1981 ingkang ngatur babagan panggamblokaning eks-PNP XV saha PNP XVI dados PT Perkebunan XV-XVI ingkang dedunung ing Surakarta.<ref name=":2"/> Mlebet ing taun 1990-an, produksi gendhis kalampahan mandhap. Bab menika inggih amargi pangéwahaning struktur wewengkon wonten ing Tjolomadoe ingkang wiwitanipun inggih menika wewengkon tetanèn lajeng éwah dados wewengkon dedunungan. Kirangipun produksi gendhis saha pamindhahing wewengkon rosan ugi karana règulasi ingkang katindakaken inggih menika UU Nomor 12 Taun 1992 babagan sistem budidaya taneman ingkang paring mardika dhumateng para tiyang tandur kanggé ngulah wewengkonipun piyambak kanthi nanem taneman ingkang dipunanggep saged pakolèh untung.<ref name=":0"/> Pangéwahan ugi kalampahan wonten ing kondisi sosial masarakat ingkang wiwitanipun tetanèn malih dados lampah dagang utawi padamelan sanès ingkang langkung sumagah. Saturut mandhaping kasil produksi saha kiranging wewengkon taneman rosan, mangka wonten ing tanggal 1 Mèi 1997, Pabrik Gendhis Tjolomadoe kalampahan pagilingan rosan ingkang wekasan lajeng paripurna.<ref name=":2"/> === Alih karya === Wonten ing taun 2017 sawatara [[Kamentrian Badan Usaha Milik Negara Republik Indonésia|BUMN]] kados ta PT PP (Persero) Tbk., PT PP Properti Tbk., PT Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan, Borobudur, dan Ratu Boko (Persero), saha PT Jasa Marga Properti damel patungan kanthi nama PT Sinergi Colomadu kangge nglampahaken rèstorasi utawi rèvitalisasi Pabrik Gendhis Tjolomadoe kanthi miturut pranatan cagar budaya saha tansah nglestantunaken aji saha wiryaning sejarah ingkang taksih wonten. Mesin-mesin ageng kanthi tumithiking karat boten dipunresiki kangge paring wawasan sejarah dhateng para wisatawan. Prosès rèstorasi kapernah kèndel amargi pabrik ingkang kagolong wewangunan sepah, inggih amargi sampun kandheg ngantos 20 taun. Alasan sanès inggih amargi kangèlan nalika pados ''blueprint'' saha foto-foto Pabrik Gendhis Tjolomadoe nalika taksih mlampah.<ref name=":4"/> De Tjolomadoe rasmi dipunbikak wonten ing tanggal 24 Maret 2018 kanthi kawewahan kolèksi digital wonten ing pungkasaning taun 2018.<ref name=":4"/> == Wewangunan saha pasèlèhan == De Tjolomadoe anggadhahi sawatawis kamar ingkang gadhah nama miturut nama asal kamar nalika taksih dados pabrik gendhis. Stasiun Gilingan dipun-ginakaken minangka Musiyum Pabrik Gendhis, Stasiun Kètèlan minangka aréa F&B, Stasiun Penguapan minangka aréa Arcade, Stasiun Karbonatasi minangka aréa Art & Craft, Besali Cafe minangka F&B, Tjolomadoe Hall utawi ''concert hall'' saha Sarkara Hall minangka kamar sarwa saged. Aréa ''concert hall'' saged nadhah tiyang 2.000-3.000 kanthi 520 papan palenggahan paningal ingkang sampun cumawis wonten ing aréa ''tribun hall''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.suarasurabaya.net/senggang/2020/museum-de-tjolomadoe-bukti-peradaban-dunia-dipengaruhi-oleh-butiran-gula/|title=Museum De Tjolomadoe, Bukti Peradaban Dunia Dipengaruhi oleh Butiran Gula|last=Suminar|first=A.|date=2020-02-18|language=id|access-date=2023-05-30}}</ref> == Ugi tingali == * [[Musiyum ing Indonésia|Pratèlan musiyum ing Indonésia]] * [[Daftar pabrik gula ing Indonesia|Pratèlan pabrik gendhis ing Indonésia]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Musiyum ing Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:Koordhinat ana ing Wikidata]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] lqstra5wkdu0hw8ndf3iydi3i92bhfn Kebon Kéwan Surabaya 0 194919 1760151 1731320 2026-11-06T04:52:07Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Zoo in Surabaya, Indonesia}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2013}} {{Infobox zoo |zoo_name = Surabaya Zoo |logo = |logo_caption = |image = Surabaya Zoo.JPG |image_caption = Surabaya Zoo |location = Jalan Setail 1, [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]], [[Indonesia]] |date_opened = April 1918<ref name="zoo_main"/> |date_closed = |coordinates = {{Coord|7|17|45|S|112|44|10|E|display=inline,title}} |area = {{Convert|37|acre|abbr=on|disp=flip}} |num_species = almost 200 (2014) |num_animals = almost 3,500 (2014) |largest_tank_vol = |total_tank_vol = |annual_visitors = |members = |exhibits = |publictransit = |website = {{URL|1=http://www.surabayazoo.co.id}} | module = {{Infobox mapframe | stroke-color = #C60C30 | marker = zoo | marker-color = #1F2F57 | zoom = 9 }} }} '''Kebon Kéwan Surabaya''' utawa ''Surabaya Zoo'' (dialek arekan: Kebon Kewan Suroboyo, dipunsingkat KBS) inggih punika salah setunggal kebon kéwan ingkang populer ing [[Indhonésia|Indonesia]] lan papane wonten ing Jalan Setail 1 Kecamatan [[Wanakrama, Kutha Surabaya|Wanakrama]] [[Kutha Surabaya|Surabaya]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeindonesia.com/kebun-binatang-surabaya/|title=Kebun Binatang Surabaya, Ada Paket Wisata Virtualnya Juga Loh|date=2021-09-22|website=www.nativeindonesia.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref> Kebon kéwan iki nate dados kebon kéwan paling jangkep se-[[Asia]] kidul-wetan, ing lebetipun wonten boten kirang saking 230 [[spesies]] [[Satwa (Korawa)|satwa]] ingkang benten-benten ingkang madeg langkung saking 2179 ekor satwa. kelebet ing lebetipun satwa langka indonesia utawi donya madeg saking [[mamalia]], [[aves]], [[Rèptil|reptilia]], lan [[pisces]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.surabaya.go.id/eng/tourism.php?page=zoo|title=Surabaya Zoo.:: Welcome To Surabaya Metropolitan City ::.|date=2010-08-17|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2023-09-26|archive-date=17 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817113929/http://www.surabaya.go.id/eng/tourism.php?page=zoo|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Sajarah === [[Gambar:Ratna Ruthina and her husband in the Surabaya Zoo Film Varia May 1954 p15.jpg|jmpl|263x263px|Ratna Ruthina lan garwonipun wonten ing Kebon Kéwan Surabaya - Film Varia May 1954.]] Kebon Kéwan Surabaya kaping sapisan dipundhirikaken adhedhasar SK. Gubernur Jenderal [[Hindia-Walanda|Hindia Walandi]] ana ing tanggal 31 agustus 1916 No. 40, kaliyan nami ''Soerabaiasche Planten-en Dierentuin'' (kebon botani lan kewan surabaya) inggil jasa setunggaling tiyang jurnalis naminipun [[H. F. K. Kommer]] ingkang nggadhahi hobi ngempalaken [[kewan]]. Saking segi finansial H. F. K. Kommer angsal rencangan saking pinten-pinten tiyang ingkang gadhah pawitan cekap. Papan Kebon Kéwan Surabaya ingkang pertami wonten ing Kaliondo, wonten ing warsa 1916. Lajeng wonten ing tanggal 28 september 1917 pindhah wonten ing ratan Groedo. Lan wonten ing warsa 1920 pindhah malih dhateng laladan darmo kangge areal kebon kewan ingkang enggal inggil jasa ''Oost-Java Stoomtram Maatschapij utawi'' maskapai [[sepur]] ingkang ngusahakaken papan sa-wiyar 30.500 m<sup>2</sup>. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bappedalitbang.surabaya.go.id/ecobis/wisata/kategori-detail/77|title=Ecobis|website=bappedalitbang.surabaya.go.id|access-date=2023-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715161900/https://bappedalitbang.surabaya.go.id/ecobis/wisata/kategori-detail/77|archive-date=15 July 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saniki papan panggonane Kebon Kéwan Surabaya wonten ing Jalan Setail Nomer 1, Darmo, Kecamatan [[Wanakrama, Kutha Surabaya|Wonokromo]], Surabaya. Ing sasi april 1918 Kebon Kéwan Surabaya kaping sapisan dipunbikak nanging kaliyan mbayar tiket mlebet (karcis). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.surabayazoo.co.id/|title=Surabaya Zoo{{!}}PD. Taman Satwa KBS|website=www.surabayazoo.co.id|access-date=2023-09-20}}</ref> Ing tanggal 21 juli 1922 Kebon Kéwan Surabaya ngalami krisis lan ajeng dipunbibaraken dipunamargikaken biaya operasional ingkang cekap inggil, ananging pinten-pinten saking anggotanipun mboten purun. Ing warsa puniki ugi , lebet rapat pengurus dipunputusaken kangge mbibaraken kbs, nanging dicegah dening pihak kotamadya surabaya ing wekdal puniku. Ing tanggal 11 Mei 1923, dipun wontenake rapat anggota wonten ing [[Simpang Restaurant]] medhotaken kangge ndirikaken pakempalan kebon kewan ingkang enggal, lan dipuntedah [[W. A. Hompes]] kangge nggantosaken [[J. P. Mooyman]], salah setunggaling tiyang pendiri Kebon Kéwan Surabaya lan ngurus sedaya aktivitas kebon dados pangageng. Rencangan ingkang ageng kangge kelangsungan gesang ing wekdal warsa 1927 inggih punika saking Wali Kutha [[Dijkerman]] lan anggota dewan [[A. Van Gennep]] angsal mbujuk dewan kutha (''[[Gemeenteraad]]'') Surabaya kangge nggayuh kawigatosan kaliyan Kebon Kéwan Surabaya, kalih SK. Dewan Kutha ana ing tanggal 3 juli 1927 siti ingkang sa-wiyar 32.000 m<sup>2</sup> sumbangan saking maskapai sepur (OJS) ditumbas dening pemerintah. Ing warsa 1939 ngantos sapunika wiyar Kebon Kéwan Surabaya ningkat dados 15 [[hektare]] lan ana ing warsa 1940 pandamelan [[taman]] ingkang wiyaripun 85.000 m<sup>2</sup> rampung. <ref name=":0" /> Lebeting perkembanganipun Kebon Kéwan Surabaya sampun ebah ginanipun saking warsa dhateng warsa. Kebon Kéwan Surabaya ingkang rumiyin namung kangge papan penampungan satwa eksotis koleksi pribadi sampun dipunkembangaken ginanipun dados sarana perlindungan lan palestantunan, [[pendidikan]], panaliten, lan [[rekreasi]]. Kewan-kewan ingkang dados koleksi Kebon Kéwan Surabaya saking warsa dhateng warsa jumlah lan jinisipun terus tambah, nggih asalipun saking jawi [[nagari]] utawi ingkang asalipun saking lebet nagari. Wonten ing warsa 1957 dipunlampahaken pengembangan pembangunan [[akuarium]] lan [[terarium]], dandosan sangkar paksi, lan dandosan-dandosan kaliyan kandang ingkang sampun risak. Wonten ing warsa 1970, Kebon Kéwan Surabaya nate dados kebon kewan kalih koleksi paling jangkep se-[[Asia Kidul-wétan|Asia Kidul-wetan]]. Wonten ing warsa 1973 dipunbangun [[Noctaruma]] lan dados setunggal-setunggalipun Noctaruma ingkang wonten ing [[Asia]]. Wonten ing warsa 1985, Noctaruma kasebat dipun alihfungsikan dados gedhong pepanggihan. <ref name=":0" /> === Tatanan === Saben kandang kewan diklompokaké dados saben-saben kategori miturut jinise. Contone, lebet wonten kategori unggas utawa manuk (Aves) wonten manuk [[pelikan]] Australia, manuk merak, manuk [[Jalak bali|jalak Bali]] lan [[manuk unta]]. Lebet wonten kategori [[primata]] kalebu [[Urangutan|orangutan]], [[simpanse]], babon lan [[Kethèk|kethek]] ''proboscis'' ([[bekantan]]). Wonten ugi koleksi kewan ingkang dipun lindhungi lan langka kayata [[Komodho|komodo]], [[tapir]], [[kidang babi]] lan [[Anoa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eastjava.com/tourism/surabaya/ina/surabaya-zoo.html|title=Kebun Binatang Surabaya Adalah Kebun Binatang Terbesar Di Asia Tenggara|website=www.eastjava.com|access-date=2023-09-26}}</ref> === Fasilitas === Papan wisata edukasi Kebon Kéwan Surabaya nggadhahi pinten-pinten fasilitas menarik, ingkang saged dipun-nikmati dhateng pengunjung, ing antawisipun: papan ibadah, pinten-pinten wahana kewan, toko souvenir, ''media center'', lan papan panggonan kangge spot foto ingkang menarik. Wondene pinten-pinten wahana ingkang dipuntawikaken Kebon Kéwan Surabaya, inggih punika: ''Animal Edutainment'', ''Kids Zoo'', ''Aquanocrudio Park'', tumpak liman, tumpak unta, wisata [[Prau|prahu]] kaliyan keliling ing Pulo Bekantan, foto sareng satwa, ''Animal Story'', kolam-renang, lan nyukani nedha satwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jatim/wisata/d-6941826/wisata-kebun-binatang-surabaya-kbs-ini-fasilitas-dan-harga-tiketnya-2023|title=Wisata Kebun Binatang Surabaya (KBS), Ini Fasilitas dan Harga Tiketnya 2023|last=Qothrunnada|first=Kholida|website=detikjatim|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612143252/https://www.detik.com/jatim/wisata/d-6941826/wisata-kebun-binatang-surabaya-kbs-ini-fasilitas-dan-harga-tiketnya-2023|archive-date=12 June 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> Regi tiket mlebet wonten ing Kebon Kéwan Surabaya benten-benten tergantung kaliyan paket wisata ingkang dipun pilih. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2023/06/25/070500365/harga-tiket-masuk-kebun-binatang-surabaya-2023|title=Harga Tiket Masuk Kebun Binatang Surabaya 2023|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2023-06-25|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2023-09-21}}</ref> Bab istimewa ingkang dipun-gadhahi Kebon Kéwan Surabaya inggih punika dipunbikakipun ing wekdal [[dalu]] dinten utawi limrahipun dipunsebat kaliyan ''Surabaya Night Zoo'' ingkang dipunbikak ing dinten [[Setu]] lan [[Minggu]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediaindonesia.com/nusantara/591985/kebun-binatang-surabaya-buka-malam-hari-segini-harga-tiketnya|title=Kebun Binatang Surabaya Buka Malam Hari, Segini Harga Tiketnya|last=developer|first=mediaindonesia com|website=mediaindonesia.com|language=id|access-date=2023-09-21}}</ref> Wonten ing ''Surabaya Night Zoo'' pengunjung dipun-ajak ningali tetingalan dolanan dilah warni-warni ingkang ciamik. Dilah-dilah puniku nyusun foto rai gorila, pinten-pinten satwa, ngantos aturan punapa mawon ingkang wajib dipatuhi salami safari dalu ing Kebon Kéwan Surabaya. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jawapos.com/surabaya-raya/01683006/berkunjung-ke-night-zoo-di-kebun-binatang-surabaya-pengunjung-bisa-lihat-ini|title=Berkunjung ke Night Zoo di Kebun Binatang Surabaya, Pengunjung Bisa Lihat Ini|last=Nur Aprianto|first=Dimas|date=2023-05-22|work=Jawa Pos|access-date=2023-09-26}}</ref> === Kontroversi === Kebon Kéwan Surabaya (KBS) ngalami kemelut pengelolaan ingkang mboten mendel salami kirang langkung 33 warsa. Dasanan malah atusan satwa langka koleksi KBS dados korban. Pendapatan miliaran rupiyah dipundugi mlebet kantong pengelola KBS, sawentawis kandang kewan dipunjoraken ripak, lembap, lan peteng saha pakan nggih mboten terurus mila kala konflik memuncak, cacahing kewan ingkang pejah ningkat. Awonipun pengelolaan KBS inggih punika buntut saking konflik panjang wiwit era [[Stany Soebakir]] mimpin. Ing pundi pucuk pangageng dipuncepeng dening [[Mohamad Said]] lan Stany Soebakir dados ketua dintenan. Konflik pertami meletup wonten ing warsa 1997. Konflik kedados sasampunipun beredar kabar menawi pengelola berencana nglintu guling lahan KBS kaliyan sebidang siti sa-wiyar 100 [[hektare]] ing jurang kuping, Surabaya kilen. Ananging, saperangan pengurus mboten purun KBS pindhah. Pro-kontra merebak, kewan nggih wiwit telantar. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/552458/kisruh-kbs-sudah-23-tahun-satwa-pun-jadi-korban|title=Kisruh KBS Sudah 23 Tahun, Satwa pun Jadi Korban|last=Agustina|first=Widiarsi|date=2014-02-09|website=Tempo|language=en|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> Wonten ing warsa 2001, kangge nglindungi aset sitinipun, pakempalan menghibahkan siti KBS dhateng pamarintah kutha Surabaya. Wonten ing warsa 2009, konflik enggal muncul. Saperangan pengurus nolak laporan tanggel jawab keuangan Stany Soebakir. Wekdal para pengurus sibuk sami-sami gigat dhateng pengadilan, kewan KBS enggal berguguran. Wekdal puniku wali kutha Surabaya Bambang D. H. sande memediasi kubu Stany lan Basuki. ''Kementerian Kehutanan'' mandhap tangan ngrebat KBS. Pamarintah nedah tim pengelola sawentawis ingkang dipunpangagengi Direktur Taman Safari Indonesia Tony Sumampau. Tony ngrombak manajemen, mecat dasanan karyawan, ngirangi cacahing kewan, lan nggenjot pemasukan. Lampahan Tony ngulemi kontroversi. Piyambakipun dicurigai mbekta kewigatosan bisnis taman safari kangge mengakuisisi KBS. <ref name=":1" /> Wonten ing sasi juli 2013, wali kutha Surabaya Tri Rismaharini ngrebat KBS kaliyan sepihak. Sanadyan mboten gadhah kawruh babagan pengelolaan lembaga konservasi, Risma kajeng KBS dipunkelola pamarintah kutha mawon. Ananging upaya pembenahan risma dereng bibar amargi kewenangan risma disoal. Sacacah kewan dados korban. Wonten ing sasi November 2013, setunggal komodo, jaguar, lan sangsam pejah. Setunggal singa afrika, sima belanga, lan komodo pejah lebet kalih sasi pungkasan.<ref name=":1" /> === Rujukan === <references /> [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Wétan]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] 3f8rwcovdg33a0wvfrsqjt7z9lvxoob Guwa Marga Trisna 0 194991 1760007 1747613 2026-11-05T20:47:03Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760007 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Guwa Marga Trisna''' yaiku salah sawijining papan wisata awujud guwa ing Kabupatèn Nganjuk. Guwa iki mapan ing Dhusun Cabéan, Désa Sugihwaras, Kacamatan Ngluyu. Guwa iku mapan kira-kira 35 kilomèter saloring Kutha Nganjuk, ambané 15 x 50 mèter. Guwa iki uga duwèni jeneng liya yaiku Guwa Lawa jalaran akèhé lawa kang ana sajroning guwa iku.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Ensiklopedia Kabupaten Nganjuk|last=R|first=Sutrisno|last2=S|first2=Bambang Eko|publisher=Wahana Ilmu|year=2019|isbn=978-602-19525-9-7|location=Surabaya|pages=39}}</ref> Papan wisata iku uga kalebu ing jinis "wana wisata<nowiki>''</nowiki> utawa wisata sajroning alas, kang kalebu ing kawasan alas Perhutani Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (KPH) Nganjuk tepaké ing petak 227b wilayah Resort Pemangkuan Hutan (RPH) Cabean, Bagian Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (BKPH) Wengkal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.perhutani.co.id/wana-wisata-ubalan-dan-goa-margo-trisno-nganjuk-di-serbu-pengunjung/|title=Wana Wisata Ubalan dan Goa Margo Trisno Nganjuk di Serbu Pengunjung|date=2020-01-04|website=Perhutani|access-date=2023-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250814073524/https://www.perhutani.co.id/wana-wisata-ubalan-dan-goa-margo-trisno-nganjuk-di-serbu-pengunjung/|archive-date=2025-08-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Etimologi == Jeneng Marga Trisna kajupuk saka rong tembung yaiku "marga" lan "trisna". "Marga" maknané iku dalan, déné "trisna" iku saka jeneng Bupati Nganjuk, Sutrisna (éjaan Indhonésia: Sutrisno). Guwa iku asliné ajeneng Guwa Lawa, biyèn dalan tumuju guwa isih arupa lemah, banjur nalika ing mangsa jumenengé Bupati Sutrisna ing tahun 1993, panjenengané nginisiasi kanggo ayasa dalan kang luwih becik tumuju guwa, uga nalika iku Guwa Lawa awit binukak minangka papan wisata, banjur saka iku jeneng guwa iku kaganti kanthi jeneng Guwa Marga Trisna.<ref name=":0" /> == Pariwisata == === Minangka wisata unggulan === Guwa Marga Trisna kalebu salah siji saka patang papan wisata kategori "unggulan" Kabupatèn Nganjuk bebarengan karo papan wisata liyané kayata, Grojogan Seduda, Grojogan Mrambat Rara Kuning, lan Taman Rékréasi Anjuk Ladang.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Dinas Pariwisata, Kepemudaan, Olahraga, dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Nganjuk|date=2021-07|title=Ranwa Rencana Kerja Dinas Pariwisata, Kepemudaan, Olahraga, dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Nganjuk|url=https://www.nganjukkab.go.id/upload_file/sakip/6f2e72d46a5be6577fda10ad4f1e482d.pdf|journal=Ranwa Rencana Kerja Dinas Pariwisata, Kepemudaan, Olahraga, dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Nganjuk|pages=18}}</ref> === Wayah operasional === Guwa Marga Trisna bukak saben dina awit jam 07.00 nganti jam 15.00, déné karcis mlebuné yaiku Rp.5000,- saben wong.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tempatwisata.pro/wisata/Goa-Margo-Tresno|title=Goa Margo Tresno : Harga Tiket, Foto, Lokasi, Fasilitas dan Spot|last=Romanov|first=Madeline|date=2023-05-29|website=Tempat Wisata|access-date=2023-10-02}}</ref> === Kolam renang Umbul Marga Mulya === Sadurungé munggah ing ngendi mapané Guwa Marga Trisna, ana sawijining padusan utawa kolam renang kang sapakèt ing tlatah wisata iku. Kolam renang iku kajenengaké Umbul Marga Mulya, banyuné resik lan bening banget. Jarak antara Guwa Marga Trisna karo kolam iki kira-kira ana 650 mèter utawa 20 menit lelakon<ref name=":0" />, dalan tumuju gowa amung bisa diaksès kanthi mlaku wae jalaran dalané kang munggah kanthi rupa tlundhakan. == Cathetan suku == [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Wétan]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] 7hdbcmzbuhgisqtaas01l2j8wmpg90f Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu 0 194997 1759997 1751258 2026-11-05T20:11:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759997 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Tumpak sewu.jpg|jmpl|Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu|348x348px]] '''Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu''' yaiku salah sawijining papan wisata grojogan kang kuncara ing Jawa Wétan lan mapan ana ing rong kabupatèn yaiku Kabupatèn Malang lan Kabupatèn Lumajang. Grojogan iki mapan ing tlatah tapal wates Lumajang lan Malang tepaké ing Désa Sidamulya, Kacamatan Pranajiwa ing Lumajang, lan ing Dèsa Sidarengga, Kacamatan Ampèlgading ing Malang.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.selingkarwilis.com/travel/8509655627/berada-di-lembah-curam-eksotis-air-terjun-tumpak-sewu-lumajang-menghipnotis-setiap-wisatawan-yang-singgah|title=Berada di Lembah Curam Eksotis, Air Terjun Tumpak Sewu Lumajang Menghipnotis Setiap Wisatawan yang Singgah|last=Selingkar|first=Redaksi|date=2023-07-31|website=Selingkar Wilis|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jawapos.com/berita-sekitar-anda/0127166/malang-dan-lumajang-diminta-berduet-majukan-coban-sewu|title=Malang dan Lumajang Diminta Berduet Majukan Coban Sewu|last=Cahyono|first=Sofyan|date=2018-11-9|website=Jawa Pos|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref> Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu mapan ing pèrènging Gunung Semèru lan kayasa déning ilèning Kali Glidih kang asumber saka tuk ing Gunung Semèru langsung. Grojogan iku duwèni kadhuwuran nganti 120 mèter lan jinuluk minangka Grojogan Niagarané Jawa Wétan.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wisatalumajang.com/single-post/2018/10/24/air-terjun-tumpak-sewu-lumajang-terbaik-1-anugerah-wisata-jawa-timur-2018|title=Air Terjun Tumpak Sewu Lumajang Terbaik 1 Anugerah Wisata Jawa Timur 2018|date=2018-10-24|website=Wisata Lumajang|access-date=2023-10-04|archive-date=2023-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604204410/https://www.wisatalumajang.com/single-post/2018/10/24/air-terjun-tumpak-sewu-lumajang-terbaik-1-anugerah-wisata-jawa-timur-2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Haidir|first=Farrisha|last2=Rahardjo|first2=Parino|last3=Herlambang|first3=Suryono|date=2021-10|title=Studi Keberhasilan Pengelolaan Wisata Berbasis Community Based Tourism (Studi Kasus: Air Terjun Tumpak Sewu, Desa Sidomulyo, Kecamatan Pronojiwo, Kabupaten Lumajang)|url=https://journal.untar.ac.id/index.php/jstupa/article/view/12833/9308|journal=Jurnal Stupa|volume=3|page=3206|pages=3203-3216}}</ref> Saliyané iku, grojogan iki kalebu ing jinis ''tiered waterfall'' utawa grojogan kang abentuk tirai<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.tempo.co/read/1649601/wisata-ke-air-terjun-tumpak-sewu-tak-cuma-bisa-main-air|title=Wisata ke Air Terjun Tumpak Sewu, Tak Cuma Bisa Main Air|last=Chairunnisa|first=Ninis|date=2022-10-26|website=Tempo.co|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref> == Etimologi == Jeneng grojogan iki kasusun kanthi rong tembung yaiku <nowiki>''</nowiki>tumpak<nowiki>''</nowiki> lan <nowiki>''</nowiki>sèwu<nowiki>''</nowiki>, tegesé grojogan iku katon numpaki témbok-témbok tebing grojogan kang akèh cacahé. Utawa grojogan iku katon tumpuk-tinumpuk utawa sinusun kanthi pirang-pirang grojogan kang akèh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.suara.com/news/2023/05/11/183827/mengenal-air-terjun-tumpak-sewu-keindahan-harga-tiket-hingga-perjalanan-menuju-lokasi|title=Mengenal Air Terjun Tumpak Sewu: Keindahan, Harga Tiket hingga Perjalanan Menuju Lokasi|last=Khoerunnisa|first=Syifa|date=2023-05-11|website=Suara.com|access-date=2023-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lumajangkab.go.id/berita-opd/detail/136|title=Keindahan Surga di Lereng Gunung Semeru (Obyek Wisata Alam Tumpak Sewu)|first=Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan|date=2019-05-29|website=Pemerintah Kabupaten Lumajang|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref> == Sajarah == Papan wisata Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu binukak sapisanan kanggo umum ing taun 2015. Pambukaan iki kawitan kanthi rasa prihatin lan mesakaké marang para warga ing Désa Sidamulya, Pranajiwa, Lumajang kang nandhang kakurangan. Kamangka banjur ana salah siji wong kang paring asma Abdul Karim nduwèni prakarsa kanggo ndadèkaké desa iku minangka désa wisata kanthi wisata utamané yaiku Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu. Sadurungé binukak minangka papan wisata, panggon iku amung minangka papan nggolèk suket kanggo wong-wong désa. Grojogan iku binukak kanthi rasmi ing tanggal 13 Maret 2015, tanggal iku uga dadi tanggal rasminé yeyasaning Kelompok Sadar Wisata (Pokdarwis) Tumpak Sèwu kang anggotané para warga désa kono mau. Kamangka kanthi yeyasaning wisata iku bisa mundhakaké parékonomiané para warga Désa Sidamulya khususé. Awit saka binukaké papan wisata iku nyedot akèh lapangan panggawéan anyar uga saben sasiné nyedot kira-kira 2000 wisatawan lokal lan 150-200 wisatawan manca. Ing tahun 2018 Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu kapilih minangka juwara 1 ing Anugerah Wisata Jawa Timur 2018.<ref name=":4" /> == Sesawangan ing dhuwur lan ngisor == === Sesawangan dhuwur === [[Barkas:Tumpak Sewu Malang.jpg|jmpl|306x306px|Sesawangan Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu saka ngisor]] Saka gapura mlebu Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu, wisatawan bisa munggah kira-kira ana 10 menit menyang papan ing dhuwur. Aksèsé wus kepénak jalaran wis jinangkepi kanthi tlundhakan kang aman. Manawa wus teka dhuwur, para wisatawan bisa nglamlami sesawangan kang éndah banget awit saka keteling alas, jèjèr-jinèjèring tebing jungklang kang angilèning banyu grojogan, nganti pucuking Gunung Semèru ing waliking Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jatim/berita/d-6361569/air-terjun-tumpak-sewu-lumajang-lokasi-harga-tiket-dan-spot-menariknya/2|title=Air Terjun Tumpak Sewu Lumajang: Lokasi, Harga Tiket, dan Spot Menariknya|last=Rahmawati|first=Dina|date=2022-10-21|website=Detik Jatim|access-date=2023-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004051109/https://www.detik.com/jatim/berita/d-6361569/air-terjun-tumpak-sewu-lumajang-lokasi-harga-tiket-dan-spot-menariknya/2|archive-date=2023-10-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Sesawangan ngisor === Sesawangan ing ngisor iki aksèsé rada angèl ora kaya sesawangan ing dhuwur, jalaran para wisatawan kudu angliwati tebing-tebing lemah kang amung diwènèhi pitulungan cekelan pring kang gampang rubuh. Satekané ing ngisor kudu angliwati Kali Glidih, banjur sawusé iku para wisatawan lagi bisa nglamlami sesawangan kanthi ilèning banyu kali lan agungé bentuk Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu saka ngisor grojogan.<ref name=":3" /> == Bentang alam saubengé == === Guwa Widadari === Guwa iki mapan kira-kira 300 mèter saka Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu, ing guwa iku mitosé pinercaya manawa ing jaman biyèn minangka papan kang dianggo kumpulé para widadari, saliyane iku, guwa iki uga papan kang dadi minangka sawijining patapan.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travelspromo.com/htm-wisata/air-terjun-tumpak-sewu-lumajang/|title=Air Terjun Tumpak Sewu Tiket dan Pesona Oktober 2023|first=Ratih|date=2023-09-11|website=Travels Promo|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref> === Tlaga Biru === [[Barkas:Goa tetes.png|jmpl|288x288px|Guwa Tètès]] Tlaga iki mapan amung 50 mèter saka Guwa Widadari, nanging dalan kanggo mara ing papan iku ora bisa dikandha gampang, dalané lumayan ekstrim jalaran sampéyan kudu mlaku ing dhuwur wewaton lunyu kanthi amung pitulungan tali. Banyu kang ana ing tlaga iki kailèn saka tebing-tebing kang isih saurutan karo Guwa Widadari. Tlaga iki ora jeru-jeru nemen, bisa dikandha cèthèk kira-kira amung saweteng utawa sadhadhané wong diwasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pesisir.net/air-terjun-tumpak-sewu-lumajang|title=Air Terjun Tumpak Sewu Lumajang – Daya Tarik, Aktivitas, Lokasi & Harga Tiket|first=Alib|date=2022-10-13|website=Pesisir|access-date=2023-10-04|archive-date=2023-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001143405/https://www.pesisir.net/air-terjun-tumpak-sewu-lumajang|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Guwa Tètès === Guwa iki mapan ing ngisoring grojogan, mula akèh banyu kang mili, mrembes, lan banjur nètès saka témbok-témboking guwa. Jalaran saka iku, guwa iki dijenengaké Guwa Tètès. Mitos kang ngrembaka ing guwa iki yaiku manawa banyu kang ana ing guwa iki bisa jalari awèt nom.<ref name=":3" /> Guwa iki ora natè garing sanajan tiba mangsa katiga. Guwa iki kayasa kanthi prosès alami kanthi kikisan banyu lan karst atusan taun kepungkur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.selingkarwilis.com/travel/8509655627/berada-di-lembah-curam-eksotis-air-terjun-tumpak-sewu-lumajang-menghipnotis-setiap-wisatawan-yang-singgah?page=2|title=Berada di Lembah Curam Eksotis, Air Terjun Tumpak Sewu Lumajang Menghipnotis Setiap Wisatawan yang Singgah|last=Selingkar|first=Redaksi|date=2023-07-31|website=Selingkar Wilis|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref> == Rute == === Saka Malang (kulon) === Saka Kutha Malang kira-kira jaraké ana 66 kilomèter utawa 2 jam lelakon, bisa njupuk rute Bululawang - Dampit - Tirtamaya - Pranajiwa. Banjur satekane ing Désa Sidamulya utawa kira-kira 100 mèter saka tapal wates Malang-Lumajang bisa nggolèki gapura mlebu papan wisata iku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orami.co.id/magazine/wisata-tumpak-sewu|title=Kenalan dengan Wisata Tumpak Sewu, Air Terjun Indah yang Dijuluki Tebing Nirwana|last=Jannah|first=Nydia|date=2022-03-14|website=Orami|access-date=2023-10-04}}</ref> === Saka Lumajang (wétan) === Saka Kutha Lumajang langsung waé njupuk arah ngidul, mengko bakal angliwati Kacamatan Pranajiwa, saka kono langsung wae njupuk arah menyang Désa Sidamulya. Satekané ing désa iku langsung bisa nggolèki lan banjur ngetutkaké plang-plang kang tumuju ing papan wisata Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kamuswisata.com/air-terjun-tumpak-sewu-harga-tiket-masuk-jam-buka-dan-rute-menuju-lokasi-wisata-di-lumajang/|title=Air Terjun Tumpak Sewu: Harga Tiket Masuk, Jam Buka dan Rute Menuju Lokasi Wisata di Lumajang|date=2023-05-05|website=Kamus Wisata|access-date=2023-10-04|archive-date=2023-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201071447/https://kamuswisata.com/air-terjun-tumpak-sewu-harga-tiket-masuk-jam-buka-dan-rute-menuju-lokasi-wisata-di-lumajang/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wayah operasional lan karcis mlebu == [[Barkas:Gang masuk tumpak sewu.png|jmpl|172x172px|Gang mlebu Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu]] Grojogan Tumpak Sèwu awit bukak jam 07.00 nganti jam 17.00 ing saben dinané. Khusus jam 15.00 munggah ora diwenangaké banget kanggo mudhun ing ngisor grojogan jalaran dhedasar kaamanan. Karcis mlebuné Rp.10.000 kanggo wisatawan lokal lan Rp.20.000,- kanggo wisatawan manca,-. Déné karcis parkir Rp.5000,- kanggo pit montor lan Rp. 10.000,- kanggo mobil. Ing kana uga ana pamandu wisatané, kanthi béya antara Rp.200.000,- nganti Rp.300.000,-.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.travelmalang.id/info-wisata-air-terjun-tumpak-sewu-lumajang/|title=Info Wisata Air Terjun Tumpak Sewu Lumajang|date=2023-08-29|website=Travel Malang ID|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://hotelier.id/air-terjun-tumpak-sewu/|title=Air Terjun Tumpak Sewu, Keindahan Alam Menakjubkan di Perbatasan Malang-Lumajang|last=Nesia|first=Bima|date=2023-09-16|website=Hotelier|access-date=2023-10-03|archive-date=2023-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004045606/https://hotelier.id/air-terjun-tumpak-sewu/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.akurat.co/travel/1302416175/Air-Terjun-Tumpak-Sewu-Cek-Rute-Jam-Buka-Dan-Harga-Tiketnya|title=Air Terjun Tumpak Sewu: Cek Rute, Jam Buka, dan Harga Tiketnya|last=Chandra|first=Putri|date=2023-06-01|website=Akurat.co|access-date=2023-10-04|archive-date=2024-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217123028/https://www.akurat.co/travel/1302416175/Air-Terjun-Tumpak-Sewu-Cek-Rute-Jam-Buka-Dan-Harga-Tiketnya|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sarana == Ana pirang-pirang sarana kang bisa dilamlami para wisatawan ing grojogan iki kayata: * Parkir * Kakus * Langgar * Papan lèrèn * Ojèk * Pusat blanjan * Pusat informasi * Paladènan kuwarasan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://disparbud.lumajangkab.go.id/berita/detail/aGs%3D|title=Keindahan Surga di Lereng Gunung Semeru (Obyek Wisata Alam Tumpak Sewu)|first=Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Lumajang|date=2019-05-23|website=Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Lumajang|access-date=2023-10-04|archive-date=2023-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924102622/https://disparbud.lumajangkab.go.id/berita/detail/aGs%3D|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Cathetan suku == [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Wétan]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] acunc7kyyp7hex976tzghp94442qprk Grojogan Jumog Putri 0 195001 1759990 1731120 2026-11-05T20:07:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tempat wisata |image = Grojogan Jumog, Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah - 1.jpg |caption = Grojogan Jumog Putri. |name = Grojogan Jumog Putri |lokasi = 85H9+WX, Area Hutan, Gondosuli, Kec. Tawangmangu, Kabupaten Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah 57792 |negara = {{flag|Indonesia}} |arsitek = |pengelola = |pembuat = |mulai_dibangun = |selesai_dibangun = |ditutup = |biaya = |jenis_wisata =[[Alam]], [[Banyu]] |gaya = Alam |luas = |fasilitas = {{*}}Warung Makan<br>{{*}}Tempat Sampah<br>{{*}}Gazebo<br>{{*}}Gardu Pandang<br>{{*}}Toilet<br>{{*}}Area Parkir<br>{{*}}Mushola<br>{{*}}Spot Foto }} '''Grojogan Jumog Putri''' ya iku destinasi [[pariwisata]] sing ana ing kabupaten [[Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Karanganyar,]] [[Jawa Tengah|Jawa Tengah.]] Wisata Grojogan Jumog iki resmi dibuka kanggo wong umum ing taun [[2004]] lan bisa dibilang cukup strategis amarga cedhak 30 menit saka Kota [[Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Karanganyar]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orami.co.id/magazine/air-terjun-jumog|title=Serba-Serbi Air Terjun Jumog, Wisata Alam di Karanganyar|date=2022-07-29|website=www.orami.co.id|access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref> Wisata iki saiki mung ana ing tahap perkembangan kanggo ngadegake daya tarik kang luwih apik kanggo para pengunjung, walaupun saiki masih ora sempopuler Air Terjun Jumog Karanganyar. Aja mengko, daya tarik Air Terjun iki saiki wis mulai ndadekake perhatian para pelancong secara perlahan. Sing unik, Air Terjun iki duwe struktur anjir saka wewates saka mula kanggo ngisor. Aliran airené ora terlalu kenceng, uga aman kanggo main-main ing airené utawa mlampahi muka. Airené uga segar lan adem, apalagi amba sumberane langsung saka pegunungan. Lingkungan sing adusipun sing dikelilingi déning loro wewates ijo, sing nambahi pemandangan ing sekitar [[Air Terjun]] luwih asri lan adem. Pati saka batu-batu ing sekitar Air Terjun tersetel alami, nambahi kesan alami saka Air Terjun Jumog Putri. Aja mengko, tetep butuh awas nalika melebokake batu-batu iku, supaya ora keslip lan keselametan terjaga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://setapaklangkah.com/wisata-air-terjun-jumog-putri/|title=Wisata Baru Di Tawangmangu, Air Terjun Jumog Putri|date=2022-08-04|language=id|access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref> Air terjun Jumog nyang neng pangonan ing Taman Batu Tiban, ana ing Jl. Jumog, Gandu, Berjo, Kecamatan Ngargoyoso, lan diwuka kanggo umum ing taun 2004. Air terjun kang ana ingkang ketinggalan saka 30 mitur iki berasal saka sumber mata air alami ing gunung lan ngalir dadi telung cabang, yaitu Klueng, Kusumajati, lan Jubleg. Neng muka saka air terjun iku ana jembatan sing jadi spot foto favorite kang ditempuhi para pengunjung. Jembatan iki ngidinan para pengunjung kanggo njaluk pemandangan kang menakjubkan, sambil nyipta kasedhiyan air terjun sing ngalir karo megah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://visitjawatengah.jatengprov.go.id/id/destinasi-wisata/air-terjun-jumog|title=Pariwisata Provinsi Jawa Tengah {{!}} Destinasi Wisata {{!}} AIR TERJUN JUMOG|last=digsa.id|website=visitjawatengah.jatengprov.go.id|language=en|access-date=2023-10-12|archive-date=2023-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131174623/https://visitjawatengah.jatengprov.go.id/id/destinasi-wisata/air-terjun-jumog|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sepasangcarrier.com/2019/08/air-terjun-jumog-putri-tawangmangu.html|title=Air Terjun Jumog Putri Tawangmangu Karanganyar|date=2020-12-09|language=en-GB|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://setapaklangkah.com/wisata-air-terjun-jumog-putri/|title=Wisata Baru Di Tawangmangu, Air Terjun Jumog Putri|date=2022-08-04|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> == Asal usul Aer jumog == Sadurunge ditemokake Air Terjun Jumog Putri, warga setempat umumipun nampa sungai iki minangka alon-alon biasa sing mengalir kaya biasane, njupuk sawah milik Pak Subali lan wilayah liyane. Aja mengko, nalika rumput liar diapusi dening Pak Subali, tiba-tiba ora dadi air sing cetha saka papan lan mengalir karo cetha banget ing antara batuan gedhe. Miturut gumantung saka Pak Subali, Air Terjun iki ora pernah kering, kanthi ana ing musim kemarau. Sungai iki saiki ana duwé loro cabang, salah siji kang ngalir menyang lor kaya sing kedandhani ing foto iki, nanging cabang sing liyane njupuk arah menyang kulon daya lan ana ing balik bukit sing sangat tajam, kaya sing dijelasake dening Pak Subali. Terus, ana ngendi letak Air Terjun Jumog Putri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sepasangcarrier.com/2019/08/air-terjun-jumog-putri-tawangmangu.html|title=Air Terjun Jumog Putri Tawangmangu Karanganyar|date=2020-12-09|language=en-GB|access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kabarfajar.com/kabar-daerah/11310104146/tempat-wisata-air-terjun-jumog-putri-tawangmangu-masih-asri-dan-cocok-untuk-healing|title=Tempat Wisata Air Terjun Jumog Putri Tawangmangu; Masih Asri dan Cocok untuk Healing - Kabar Fajar|last=KF|first=Yuni Astuti|date=2023-09-09|website=Tempat Wisata Air Terjun Jumog Putri Tawangmangu; Masih Asri dan Cocok untuk Healing - Kabar Fajar|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://visitjawatengah.jatengprov.go.id/id/destinasi-wisata/air-terjun-jumog|title=Pariwisata Provinsi Jawa Tengah {{!}} Destinasi Wisata {{!}} AIR TERJUN JUMOG|last=digsa.id|website=visitjawatengah.jatengprov.go.id|language=en|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-date=2023-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131174623/https://visitjawatengah.jatengprov.go.id/id/destinasi-wisata/air-terjun-jumog|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Kegiatan Grojogan Jumog Putri== # Trekking menyang Grojogan Jumog. Akses saka pintu masuké ora aja sulit kanggo ditandhangi lan cuma kudu nemplo saking jarak kurang-lebih 400 meter menyang jalan setapak sing aja digarap. Jarak 400 meter iki kudu dilalampahi kanthi numpak 116 anak tangga. # Manjarani kemolekan air terjun. Suasana alam ing [[Grojogan]] iki ngetokake perasaan lan jiwa menehi kesejukan. Grojogan Jomog iki ora bisa dibilang terlalu gedhe nalika dibandingake karo Grojogan liyane. Alamé sing tetep asri lan gunung-gunung sing ngelilingi ing kawasan Jumog, nyenengake lan sejuk. # Main air lan berenang. Pengunjung sing mlebu wisata bisa main lan berenang ing kali sing metu saka Grojogan dhisik, arus ing kali iki ora terlalu kenceng lan aman kanggo berenang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beritasatu.com/lifestyle/1043067/air-terjun-jumog-wisata-alam-favorit-di-karanganyar|title=Air Terjun Jumog, Wisata Alam Favorit di Karanganyar|last=BeritaSatu.com|website=beritasatu.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wisataoke.com/2019/07/harga-tiket-dan-lokasi-air-terjung-jumog-karanganyar.html|title=Harga Tiket Masuk dan Lokasi Air Terjun Jumog Karanganyar Terbaru|website=Wisata Oke|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925170923/http://www.wisataoke.com/2019/07/harga-tiket-dan-lokasi-air-terjung-jumog-karanganyar.html|archive-date=2023-09-25|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pesisir.net/air-terjun-jumog-karanganyar|title=Air Terjun Jumog Karanganyar - Daya Tarik, Aktivitas, Lokasi & Harga Tiket - Pesisir|date=2022-10-20|language=en-US|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-date=2023-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012211356/https://www.pesisir.net/air-terjun-jumog-karanganyar|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Fasilitas== Fasilitas ing wisata Grojogan Jumog iki wisma nyedhiyakaké berbagai tempat permainan, tempat Foto, tempat mangan sing langsung dhisik karo wisata lan kolam renang kanggo bocah-bocah sarta panggung liyane.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/|title=Air Terjun Jumog Karanganyar: Rute Menuju Lokasi, Harga Tiket, Jam Buka, dan Aktivitas|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2022-01-27|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref> ==Tips kanggo mlebu== Ana sawetara tips kanggo mlebu wisata Grojogan Jumog iki. 1. Ngerjer baju ganti kanggo pengunjung sing main-main ing wisata. 2. Mlebu ing sesi pagi utawa waktos kerjo, yen mlebu ing sesi pagi bakal ora panas banget lan yen mlebu ing waktos kerjo ora bakal begitu ramai. 3. Mlebu ing waktos sing cerah, amarga cuaca sing nyaman kanggo piknik, jadi hindari bepergian ing waktos sing ora begitu cerah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://destinasilawu.wordpress.com/air-terjun-jumog-putri/|title=Air Terjun Jumog Putri|date=2021-04-05|website=Destinasi Lawu Karanganyar|language=en|access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref> == Jam operasional lan harga tiket== Jam operasional ing wisata Grojogan Jumog iki, buka saben dina jam 07.00 - 17.00 WIB.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wisatakaka.com/harga-tiket-masuk-air-terjun-jumog-karanganyar/|title=Harga Tiket Masuk Air Terjun Jumog Karanganyar Terbaru Oktober 2023|date=2023-08-06|website=Wisatakaka|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519030950/https://wisatakaka.com/harga-tiket-masuk-air-terjun-jumog-karanganyar/|archive-date=2022-05-19|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dolanyok.com/air-terjun-jumog/|title=Air Terjun Jumog Karanganyar, Lokasi Dan Tiket Masuk|date=2023-09-16|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-date=2023-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012171327/https://dolanyok.com/air-terjun-jumog/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hargane tiket masuké per taun 2023 ya iku antara 15.000 - 20.000 rupiah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.tribunnews.com/2022/09/12/harga-tiket-masuk-air-terjun-jumog-tempat-wisata-populer-di-karanganyar-yang-murah-meriah|title=Harga Tiket Masuk Air Terjun Jumog, Tempat Wisata Populer di Karanganyar yang Murah Meriah|website=Tribun Travel|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travelspromo.com/htm-wisata/air-terjun-jumog-karanganyar/|title=AIR TERJUN JUMOG Harga Tiket dan Aktivitas Oktober 2023|last=Dewi|date=2023-10-01|website=TravelsPromo|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2021/05/29/150300727/harga-tiket-dan-jam-buka-air-terjun-jumog-karanganyar-2021|title=Harga Tiket dan Jam Buka Air Terjun Jumog Karanganyar 2021 Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2021-05-29|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Air terjun Jumog Putri yaiku tempat wisata kang apik sing bisa didolari sajroning dina maneh. Weton operasionalé dimulai saka jam 07:00 énjing nganti jam 17:00 wengi, kanthi iki, sampeyan ana pirang-pirang waktune kang bisa dinikmati kèndèlan alamé. Apan, ana sawijining pertimbangan sing perlu sampeyan weruhake nalika nyusun kunjungan sampeyan. Waktu sing pas kanggo mlebu menyang air terjun iki yaiku nalika cuaca cerah. Pemandangan saka air terjun bakal kelih maréngé sinar matahari sing bersinar terang, lan sampeyan bisa nyambut kèndèlan alam sekitar kanthi luwih apik. Waspadalah menyang kunjungan menyang air terjun iki nalika musim hujan. Musim hujan bisa ngundang kondisi kang riskan, kaya banjir sing bisa nglakoni ancaman kanggo kaselamatan sampeyan. Jadi, sajeroning merencanakake kunjungan sampeyan, pastikan kanggo njaluk kabar cuaca, lan selalu ungguli kaselamatan sampeyan. Kantheni ajèn waktos sing pas lan faktor cuaca, sampeyan bisa nyusun kunjungan sing aman lan asyik menyang Air terjun Jumog Putri. == Galeri == <gallery mode = "packed"> file: _____________Grojogan Jumog, Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah - 2.jpg | Poto Grojogan Jumog Putri file: _____________Air Terjun Jumog 2022 02.jpg | Poto Grojogan Jumog Putri file: _____________Air Terjun Jumog 2022 01.jpg | Poto Grojogan Jumog Putri </gallery> == Rujukan == <div class="reflist <!-- -->{{#if: 0000000000000000000000000002 | columns references-column-width }}" style="<!-- -->{{#if: 0000000000000000000000000002 | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: 0000000000000000000000000002 > 1 }} | {{column-width|1=0000000000000000000000000002}} | {{#switch:0000000000000000000000000002|1=|2={{column-width|1=30em}}|#default={{column-width|1=25em}}}} }} | {{#if: | {{column-width|1={{{colwidth}}}}} }} }} list-style-type: <!-- -->{{#switch: | upper-alpha | upper-roman | lower-alpha | lower-greek | lower-roman = {{{group}}} | #default = decimal}};"> {{#tag:references||group=|responsive={{#if:0000000000000000000000000002|0|1}}}}</div>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using reflist with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Reflist]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | colwidth | group | liststyle | refs }} [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] [[Kategori:Grojogan]] 6aejz85wl4y2ei562w10lpofkqtp7it Embung Patarana 0 195025 1759936 1756495 2026-11-05T16:23:20Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox park | name = Embung Patarana<br>{{nobold|{{small|ꦲꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁꦥꦠꦫꦤ}}}} | image = Embung Potorono.jpg | image_caption = | map = | map_caption = | map_label = | type = Taman rekreasi air | location = Jalan Ngipik–Salakan, Dusun Salakan, Kalurahan Potorono, Kapanéwon Banguntapan, Kabupaten Bantul, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta | coordinates = | area = | owner = | operator = Pemerintah Kalurahan Potorono | visitation_num = | status = Dibuka (sepanjang hari) | opened = 2018 (perkiraan) | awards = | designation = | open = | created = | facilities = * Toilet * Musala * Parkir }} '''Embung Patarana''' inggih punika [[tlaga]]/embung/''danau'' damelan wonten ing Dhusun Salakan, [[Patarana, Banguntapan, Bantul|Patarana]], Kapanéwon [[Banguntapan, Bantul|Banguntapan]], [[Kabupatèn]] Bantul ingkang dipun yasa warsa 2017 ingkang dipun biayai dèning pamarintah [[Daérah Istiméwa Yogyakarta]] (DIY) .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://biz.kompas.com/read/2021/08/15/100653728/embung-potorono-destinasi-wisata-yang-cocok-untuk-dikunjungi-bersama-keluarga|title=Embung Potorono, Destinasi Wisata yang Cocok untuk Dikunjungi Bersama Keluarga Pasca-PPKM|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2021-08-15|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://travel.detik.com/cerita-perjalanan/d-5388967/embung-potorono-wisata-alam-untuk-keluarga-di-yogyakarta|title=Embung Potorono, Wisata Alam untuk Keluarga di Yogyakarta|website=detikTravel|language=id|access-date=2023-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221175242/https://travel.detik.com/cerita-perjalanan/d-5388967/embung-potorono-wisata-alam-untuk-keluarga-di-yogyakarta|archive-date=2024-12-21|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://wisata.harianjogja.com/read/2021/09/25/504/1083773/sejenak-melepas-penat-di-embung-potorono|title=Sejenak Melepas Penat di Embung Potorono|last=Media|first=Harian Jogja Digital|website=Harianjogja.com|language=en|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.inews.id/travel/destinasi/embung-potorono-wisata-alam-nan-eksotisme-di-yogyakarta|title=Embung Potorono Wisata Alam nan Eksotisme di Yogyakarta|last=Dimyati|first=Vien|date=2020-01-21|website=iNews.ID|language=id|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref> Embung Patarana awal wiwitipun dipunanggé dados wontenipun [[Banyu|toya]] ing [[mangsa katiga]] wonten ing Tlatah [[Patarana, Banguntapan, Bantul|Patarana]]. === Kahanan Umum === Embung Patarana inggih punika kolam bendungan lepen sarupi tlaga awujud lonjong ingkang papanipun wonten ing pinggir lèpèn ingkang dipunubengi kaliyan wit-witan ingkang edhum.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> Embung Patarana nggadahi wiyar 4.800 [[mèter]] pesagi dan manggèn wonten papan wanadésa sa-wiyar 30.000 [[mèter]] pesagi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yogyapos.com/berita-telaga-desa-embung-potorono-wisata-keluarga-yang-menawan-9171|title=Embung Potorono, Wisata Keluarga yang Menawan|last=Yogya|first=Yuliantoro|date=2022-12-16|website=Yogya Pos|access-date=2023-10-07|archive-date=2022-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221203810/https://yogyapos.com/berita-telaga-desa-embung-potorono-wisata-keluarga-yang-menawan-9171|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.inews.id/travel/destinasi/embung-potorono-wisata-alam-nan-eksotisme-di-yogyakarta|title=Embung Potorono Wisata Alam nan Eksotisme di Yogyakarta|last=Dimyati|first=Vien|date=2020-01-21|website=iNews.ID|language=id|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> Embung puniki nggadhahi jarak 2 [[kilomèter]] saking Kota Gedhé.<ref name=":5" /> Wonten ing sisih kilèn Embung Patarana angsal dipuntingali panorama senja ingkang éndah sanget ingkang saget dipun tingali kaliyan lenggah wonten ing pinggiran embung. Wonten ing salah setunggalipun sisi embung ugi wonten setunggaling istana balon ingkang ngadeg jejeg.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://bob.kemenparekraf.go.id/114986-berwisata-di-telaga-potorono/|title=Berwisata di Telaga Potorono|last=Borobudur|first=Badan Otorita|date=2021-11-20|website=Badan Otorita Borobudur|language=id|access-date=2023-10-07|archive-date=2023-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206173339/https://bob.kemenparekraf.go.id/114986-berwisata-di-telaga-potorono/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kajawi dipundadosaken embung, embung désa menika ugi dipundadosaken papan wisata alternatif ingkang narik kawigatosan wonten ing Kabupaten Bantul. === Fasilitas === Kados obyek wisata sanesipun, Embung Patarana nggadhahi fasilitas pendukung antawis sanes cakruk, prau kano lan kapal rakitan ingkang saged dipun tumpaki kaliyan berkelompok, rute kangge ''[[jogging]]'' (mlayu alon-alon) lan jalur [[pit]] ngubengi embung, [[wahana dolanan]] bocah alit ingkang dipunséwakaken déning wargi sak enggen, kolam ulam, area kanggé mancing, lan pinten-pinten macem dhaharan ingkang dipunsadé kaliyan regi mirah.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Embung Désa Patarana nyuguhaken sesawangan kang éndah kanthi hawanipun kang adhem. Ing sakiwa-tengenipun embung menika wonten enem [[Gajebo|cakruk]] ingkang saged dipundadosaken papan pangayoman. Pengunjung utawi wisatawan saged numpak [[prau]] motor prasaja kanthi regi 5000 [[Rupiah]] mawon. Wontenipun embung ing Désa Patarana uga ningkatake sektor [[Ékonomi|ekonomi]] warga ing sakiwa tengene embung kanthi mbukak [[Warung|wandé]]-wandé lit ingkang nyedhiyani [[Jajanan pinggir dalan|jajanan]] kanthi regi mirah. Boten wonten biaya mlebet ingkang dipunpathok kanggé mlebet dhateng lebet ing embung, ananging namung dipun kéngingi biaya parkir seikhlasipun.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogja.tribunnews.com/2022/09/22/mengenal-embung-potorono-banguntapan-bantul-wisata-alternatif-untuk-keluarga|title=Mengenal Embung Potorono Banguntapan Bantul, Wisata Alternatif untuk Keluarga|website=Tribunjogja.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref> Embung Patarana ugi nggadhahi papan inkang wiyar lan saged dipun dadosaken papan kagiyatan ageng kados festival seni.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yogyapos.com/berita-18-grup-ramaikan-festival-seni-tradisi-di-embung-potorono-11669|title=18 Grup Ramaikan Festival Seni Tradisi di Embung Potorono|last=Yogya Pos|first=Supardi|date=2022-08-26|website=Yogya Pos|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref> === Sujarah === Wonten ing warsa 2017 Pemerintah DIY mbangung embung Patarana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogja.tribunnews.com/2022/09/22/mengenal-embung-potorono-banguntapan-bantul-wisata-alternatif-untuk-keluarga|title=Mengenal Embung Potorono Banguntapan Bantul, Wisata Alternatif untuk Keluarga|website=Tribunjogja.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> Salah satunggaling fungsi pandamelan embung inggih punika kanggé nampung toya jawah wonten ing pinten-pinten laladan supados saged dipunmanfaataken ing wanci mangsa ketiga, utaminipun kanggé ngilèni pertanian wonten ing lahan-lahan kritis utawi kirang subur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogja.antaranews.com/berita/374415/bantul-akan-membangun-embung-di-beberapa-lokasi|title=Bantul akan membangun embung di beberapa lokasi|last=Home|last2=Terkini|date=2019-04-20|website=Antara News Yogyakarta|access-date=2023-10-08|last3=News|first3=Top|last4=Terpopuler|last5=Nusantara|last6=Nasional|last7=Terkini|first7=Jogja|last8=Politik|last9=Peristiwa}}</ref> Wonten ing warsa 2019 dipunwontenaken pembenahan embung kanggé njangkepi fasilitas ingkang wonten. Babagan puniki supados embung angsal dipunanggé kaliyan maksimal déning wisatawan nggih dados tempah penampung toya utawi objek wisata. Péhak ingkang tumut andil lebeting pembenahan puniki antawis sanes ''Kelompok Sadar Wisata'' (pokdarwis), Kundha Pariwisata (Dispar) Bantul, lan ''Badan Lingkungan Hidup'' (BLH) DIY.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radarjogja.jawapos.com/bantul/65732351/embung-potorono-masih-perlu-banyak-sentuhan|title=Embung Potorono Masih Perlu Banyak Sentuhan|last=News|first=Editor|date=2019-01-21|website=Radar Jogja-Jawa Pos|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> === Tradhisi Mapag Toya === Salah setunggal kagiyatan ingkang dados tradisi ingkang dipunlampahaken wonten ing Embung Patarana inggih punika tradhisi mapag toya. Mapag Toya piyambak asalipun saking kalih [[tembung]] inggih punika tembung mapag ingkang nggadhahi artos methuk lan tembung toya ingkang nggadhahi artos toya ([[banyu]]). Miterat istilah, mapag toya inggih punika kegiatan tradisi methuk toya kaliyan mlebetaken toya dhateng lebet lantingan. Agènda puniki inggih punika tradisi kanggé njagi toya dados simbul gesang manungsa. Gesang puniki dipun gambaraken dipunwiwiti saking kebersihan utaminipun lèpèn dados simbul toya. Kagiyatan puniki ugi dados wujud syukur dhateng toya ingkang kathah dados sumber pengairan sabin kanggé para kadang tani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://disbud-arsip.bantulkab.go.id/berita/103-mapag-toya-desa-potorono|title=MAPAG TOYA DESA POTORONO|last=Bantul|first=Disbud Pemkab|website=Disbud Pemkab Bantul|access-date=2023-10-07|archive-date=2022-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630142255/https://disbud-arsip.bantulkab.go.id/berita/103-mapag-toya-desa-potorono|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mapag toya dipunwiwiti kaliyan nyukakaken [[Sesajèn|sesaji]] [[tumpeng]] lan jajanan peken ing bendung tegal ingkang dados saluran irigasi primèr petani. Bendung puniku lajeng dipunbikak lan wargi ramè-ramè methuk toya ing saluran irigasi sekunder. Babagan paling menarik saking tradisi mapag toya puniki inggih punika dipunlampahaken prosèsi penumpahan toya ingkang dipunpendhet saking pitung masjid ing sriharjo dhateng lebet saluran irigasi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kmc.tp.ugm.ac.id/2019/10/01/budaya-mapag-toya-sebagai-perwujudan-rasa-syukur/|title=Budaya Mapag Toya Sebagai Perwujudan Rasa Syukur – kmc.tp.ugm.ac.id|language=en-US|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tp.ugm.ac.id/id/rilis-berita/2018/1234-tradisi-mapag-toya-di-embung-potorono-bantul.html|title=Tradisi Mapag Toya di Embung Potorono Bantul|website=https://tp.ugm.ac.id|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> Wonten ing warsa 2018 dipunwontenaken kegiatan mapag toya kanthi ageng-agengan. Bab puniki dipunamargikaken kegiatan puniki sesarengan kaliyan kegiatan pengetan ''Hari Air Dunia'' (dinten toya donya) ingkang ngiras perayaan ambal warsa kaping 5 ''[[Gerakan Irigasi Bersih]]'' (''GIB'') Merti Tirto Amartani. Kegiatan puniki dipunwontenaken dening ''Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Serayu Opak'' kaliyan [[Universitas Gadjah Mada]] (UGM). Acara kasebat dipunlampahaken ing dinten Ahad tanggal 25 Maret 2018 lan dipundugini pinten-pinten perwakilan saking instansi pamarintah lan UGM.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/15937-tradisi-mapag-toya-di-embung-potorono-bantul/|title=Tradisi Mapag Toya di Embung Potorono Bantul - Universitas Gadjah Mada|last=Administrator|date=2018-03-26|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref> == Pranala luar == {{commons category|Embung Potorono}} * [https://pariwisata.bantulkab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Bantul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613231330/https://pariwisata.bantulkab.go.id/ |date=2023-06-13 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231004023329/https://kec-banguntapan.bantulkab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kapanéwon Banguntapan] === Referensi === <references /> [[Kategori:Tempat wisata di Bantul]] [[Kategori:Embung di Yogyakarta]] phseitmj7r7ki83u80yzmfuqyuzhdgs Grojogan Lawe 0 195029 1759991 1731647 2026-11-05T20:07:44Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759991 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Curug_Lawe_-_panoramio.jpg|ka|jmpl| Grojogan Lawe]] '''Grojogan Lawe''' inggih punika [[grojogan]] kang dumunung ana ing tlatah [[Gunung Ungaran]] [[Kutha Semarang|Semarang]] .grojogan Lawe nduweni banyu ingkang resik lan kahanan alam sakiwa tengene endah banget. Grojogan Lawe lan Benowo dumunung ana ing sisih lor anak kali Gunung Ungaran lan minangka hulu Kali Banjir Kanal Kulon utawa [[Kali Garang]] ing kutha Semarang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2021/04/08/065733727/curug-lawe-benowo-di-ungaran-air-terjun-indah-dengan-lingkungan-asri|title=Curug Lawe Benowo di Ungaran, Air Terjun Indah dengan Lingkungan Asri Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2021-04-07|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> Diarani Grojogan Lawe amarga banyu ingkang tumurun saking tebing menika kados benang pethak, ingkang ing [[Basa Jawa|basa Jawi]] diarani ''lawe'' . Wonten sing njlentrehake yen diarani Grojogan Lawe menika amarga ana 25 grojogan, sing ing basa Jawa ''yaiku Selawe''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-5755775/curug-lawe-kesegaran-hakiki-di-semarang|title=Curug Lawe, Kesegaran Hakiki di Semarang|last=detikcom|first=Tim|website=detikTravel|language=id|access-date=2023-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008211807/https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-5755775/curug-lawe-kesegaran-hakiki-di-semarang|archive-date=2023-10-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing jero kawasan ana rong grojogan, yaiku grogogan lawe ing sisi kulon lan grojogan benowo ing sisi wetan sing jarake 500 meter antara loro grojogan. Grojogan Lawe Benowo Kalisidi dikelola dening Pemerintah Desa Kalisidi lan LMDH Bela Pesona minangka mitra Perum Perhutani Kedu Utara. == Aksesibilitas == Dumununge ora adoh saka pusat kutha Semarang, tepate ing desa Kalisidi, Kecamatan Ungaran Barat, Kabupaten Semarang, [[Jawa Tengah|Provinsi Jawa Tengah]]. Jarake 12 km saka kutha Semarang utawa 7 km saka kutha Ungaran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeindonesia.com/curug-benowo/|title=Curug Benowo, Air Terjun Lain Di Kawasan CLBK Kalisidi - NativeIndonesia.com|date=2023-09-26|website=www.nativeindonesia.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> Saka Ungaran (alun-alun) menyang Mapagan liwat dalan akses menyang Boja. Tekan Boja, belok ngiwa ing desa Sumur Gunung, jebule ora pati adoh saka kampus Unnes saiki, yaiku Gunung Pati. Kahanan dalan saka Ungaran menyang Desa Kalisidi aspal. Salajengipun saking prapatan Sumur Gunung ngidul tumuju perkebunan cengkeh [[Zanzibar]] kirang langkung 3 kilometer wonten ing margi makadam menanjak kanthi kemiringan 25-45 persen. Satekane ing perkebunan iki, sing nggawa kendaraan bisa parkir kendaraan ing cedhak ''guest house.'' Jarake saka parkiran menyang loro grojogan iku kira-kira 30 menit mlaku ing dalan sing rada rata. Ana rong rute kanggo tekan kono, yaiku rute lawas lan rute anyar. Yen sampeyan njupuk rute lawas sampeyan bakal ngliwati saluran irigasi lan jembatan kanthi jurang sing curam banget. Lan yen nganggo dalan anyar bakal liwat Sendang Pengantan banjur mudhun menyang bendungan pinggir kali. Kira-kira 10 menit saka bendungan bakal ketemu rong cabang, sing kiwa menyang Curug Lawe lan sing tengen menyang Curug Benowo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orami.co.id/magazine/curug-lawe|title=Jelajah Curug Lawe, Keindahan Air Terjun di Tengah Hutan dan Lereng|date=2022-09-01|website=www.orami.co.id|language=id|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> Nanging, saiki ana rute langsung saka loro grojogan tanpa [[bali]] menyang cabang sadurunge. Tiket mlebu pengunjung Rp. 5.000,- kalebu asuransi jasa Raharja Putera. == Pranala njaba == <references /> [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] iertfshepp80c0383jyaguppwf1zrlk Grojogan Surupethèk 0 195032 1759996 1746614 2026-11-05T20:10:20Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Waterfall|name=Grojogan Surupethèk|image=Air Terjun Surupethek (1).jpg|caption=Grojogan Surupethek|location=Dusun Bojong, Desa Wanalelo, Kecamatan Pleret, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta|height=15 meter|type=Grojogan Musiman}} '''Grojogan Surupethèk''' inggih menika grojogan ingkang wonten ing Dusun Bojong, Desa Wanalela, Kecamatan Pleret, [[Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta]]. Grojogan iki dhuwuré watara 15 mèter lan digolongaké minangka grojogan musiman amarga mung mili sawisé udan wengi sadurungé. Sanadyan boten trep dipunginakaken dados objek wisata amargi medan ingkang awrat lan kirangipun fasilitas wisata, Grojogan Surupethek menika dados objek wisata alam ingkang narik kawigatosan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://ksmtour.com/informasi/tempat-wisata/yogyakarta/air-terjun-surupethek-keindahan-air.html#:~:text=Air%20Terjun%20Surupethek%20merupakan%20daya%20tarik%20wisata%20air,mengalir%20sehabis%20hujan%20saja%20pada%20malam%20hari%20sebelumnya.|title=Air Terjun Surupethek Keindahan Air Terjun Musiman Yogyakarta - Yogyakarta|website=ksmtour.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008063638/https://ksmtour.com/informasi/tempat-wisata/yogyakarta/air-terjun-surupethek-keindahan-air.html#:~:text=Air%20Terjun%20Surupethek%20merupakan%20daya%20tarik%20wisata%20air,mengalir%20sehabis%20hujan%20saja%20pada%20malam%20hari%20sebelumnya.|archive-date=2023-10-08|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogja.mblusuk.com/782-Air-Terjun-Surupethek-Jadi-yang-Pertama.html|title=Air Terjun Surupethek Jadi yang Pertama|date=2016-0403|website=Maw Mblusuk|access-date=2023-10-08|archive-date=2023-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401235140/https://jogja.mblusuk.com/782-Air-Terjun-Surupethek-Jadi-yang-Pertama.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Akses Mlebu == Dalan menyang grojogan iki saka pusat kutha Yogyakarta, yaiku liwat [[Terminal Giwangan]] ing sisih kidul arah Jalan Imogiri Wetan. Yen wis tekan prapatan Jejeran, ngiwa dalan kiwa menyang kutha kecamatan Pleret. Saka kutha kecamatan Pleret, sakwise iku ning arah ngidul banjur ngetan tumuju desa Wanalela. Tekan pertigaan, pilih dalan nengen nganti ngliwati Kantor Desa Wanalela. Terusake dalan nganti weruh gapura Dusun Bojong ing sisih kiwa dalan. Kahanan dalan sing sempit lan ana sawetara percabangan dalan sing mbutuhake kita kudu takon karo warga lokal. Kendaraan bisa diparkir ing pekarangan warga banjur terus mlaku ing dalan setapak.<ref name=":0" /> == Pranala Njaba == <references /> [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Ngayogyakarta]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] 9ayintflre244cqrlbwzib0cqmsktcm Grojogan Grènjèngan Sèwu 0 195036 1759989 1734998 2026-11-05T20:06:35Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox papan wisata|image=|caption=|name={{PAGENAME}}|map_type=Indonesia|map_size=|latitude=-6.5|longitude=111|lokasi=[[Kabupaten Pati]]|nagara={{flag|Indonesia}}|arsitek=|pengelola=|pembuat=|mulai_dibangun=|selesai_dibangun=|dibuka=|ditutup=|biaya=|jenis_wisata=[[Grojogan]]|gaya=|luas=|situs_web=|fasilitas=Banyu bening Masjid Warung Madang Panggon Nginep}}'''Grojogan Grenjengan Sewu''' ''[[Aksara Carakan|(Carakan]]: ꦒꦿꦺꦴꦗꦺꦴꦒꦤ꧀​ꦒꦿꦺꦚ꧀ꦗꦺꦔꦤ꧀​ꦱꦺꦮꦸ'' ''''';''''' ''[[Basa Indonesia]]:'''Air Terjun Grenjengan Sewu''')'' minangka objek wisata alam awujud grojogan ingkang dumunung ing [[Kabupatèn Pathi|Kabupaten Pati]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tic.patikab.go.id/halaman/detail/air-terjun-grenjengan-sewu|title=Air Terjun Grenjengan Sewu|website=tic.patikab.go.id|access-date=2023-10-08|archive-date=2023-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011080953/https://tic.patikab.go.id/halaman/detail/air-terjun-grenjengan-sewu|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Profil Grojogan == Grojogan Grenjengan Sewu iki dhuweni dhuwur ± 25 m. Grojogan Iki minangka grojogan paling apik kang ana ing [[Jawa Tengah]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvonenews.com/daerah/jateng/44972-pesona-alami-dan-segarnya-air-terjun-grenjengan-sewu-di-pati|title=Pesona Alami dan Segarnya Air Terjun Grenjengan Sewu di Pati|date=2022-06-05|website=www.tvonenews.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> Dhuweni amba kanthi 2 meter. Dumunung ing dhuwur 600 mdpl ''(meter saka lumahing segara)'', papan iki adem lan adhem lan banyune ora surut sanajan musim kemarau. Ing mangsa rendheng, grojogan iki jembar lan amba nganti jejuluk grenjengan sewu (''[[Basa Indonesia]]: [[Sewu|Seribu]]''). Butuh paling sethithik 20 menit lumaku kanggo tekan titik pungkasan saka grojogan. == Panggonan == Grojogan iki dumunung ana ing [[désa]] [[Jrahi, Gunungwungkal, Pathi|Jrahi]], [[kacamatan]] [[Gunungwungkal, Pathi|Gunungwungkal]] . Kanthi jarak ± 47 km saking [[Pati|Kutha Pati]]. Saka rute lor, bisa ditempuh saka Ngablak (Pasar Ngablak) menyang kidul watara 15 km. Banjur terus liwat desa Bancak-Jenon-Giling-Jaten lan Jrahi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://niagawisata.com/grenjengan-sewu-air-terjun-yang-tersembunyi-di-pati/|title=Grenjengan Sewu, Air Terjun yang tersembunyi di Pati {{!}} Wisata Niaga|date=2019-10-24|language=id|access-date=2023-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011080954/https://niagawisata.com/grenjengan-sewu-air-terjun-yang-tersembunyi-di-pati/|archive-date=2023-10-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yen teka saka kidul utawa Pati Kota, bisa langsung liwat kecamatan Gunungwungkal. Saka pertigaan Pakis abelok kiwa terus munggah dalan nganti tekan [[Gunungwungkal, Pathi|Kutha Gunungwungkal]] . Tekan prapatan Pasar Gunungwungkal, jupuk arah nengen lurus ngalor banjur arah Bancak Ngablak. Tekan pertigaan Desa Bancak, arah kulon terus menyang desa Bancak, banjur Giling lan tekan desa Jrahi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeindonesia.com/grenjengan-sewu/|title=Grenjengan Sewu, Keindahan Air Terjun Di Tengah Hutan - NativeIndonesia.com|date=2022-07-02|website=www.nativeindonesia.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> == Pranala Njaba == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] 4lw2jvka0skrlbip91v85tvocmq4eam Kebon Kewan Semarang 0 195078 1760150 1733761 2026-11-06T04:51:47Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox papan wisata|image=|caption=Gerbang Kebun binatang Semarang|name=Kebun Kewan Semarang|map_type=Indonesia|map_size=258|latitude=-6.986|longitude=110.346|lokasi=Jl. Walisongo KM 16, seberang Terminal Mangkang [[Semarang]].|nagara={{flag|indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]|arsitek=|pengelola=Pemkot Semarang|pembuat=|mulai_dibangun=|selesai_dibangun=2007|ditutup=|biaya=|jenis_wisata=Kebun binatang|gaya=|luas=9 hektare|fasilitas=Kebun Binatang, Waterboom, Mini Flying Fox, Becak Air, Naik Perahu Motor, Atraksi Menunggang Gajah, Arena ATV, Taman Bermain Anak|situs_web=[http://www.kebunbinatangsemarang.com www.kebunbinatangsemarang.com]}}'''Kebon Kèwan Semarang''' ( {{Lang-jv|ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀​ꦫꦗ​ꦩꦁꦏꦁ|Kebon Raja Mangkang}} </link> ) inggih punika salah suwijining panggonan wisata kulawarga wonten ing kutha [[Kutha Semarang|Semarang]]. Kebon kewan puniki dumunung wonten ing Jl. Walisongo KM 16, tepate ngelawan [[Terminal Mangkang]] lan berbatesan kaliyan Kecamatan [[Kaliwungu, Kendhal|Kaliwungu]], Kabupaten Kendal. Kebon kèwan puniki jembaré 9 hektar. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://seputarsemarang.com/taman-margasatwa-bonbin-semarang-5885|title=Seputar Semarang}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jatengprov.go.id/beritadaerah/semarang-zoo-kembali-dibuka/|title=Semarang Zoo Kembali Dibuka|language=en-US|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Wonten ing Kebon Kèwan Semarang kathah macem-macem spesies kewan ingkang dados koleksi Kebun kewan kasebat. Kajawi punika kebon kewan uga nggadahi fasilitas lintune kayata becak banyu mini, tunggangan gajah, tunggangan jaran, numpak prau damelan lan layar ing telaga damelan kanthi pemandangan [[Burung pelikan|pelikan]] ingkang bebas nglangi wonten ing tlaga. Kajawi puniku, pengunjung ugi saged nikmati ''water boom'', musiyum motor mabur, ''flying fox, mini train'', arena ''agility'', ''plapay zoo'', numpak jaran, makani kewan, numpak prau naga, musiyum kèwan, gedhong bioskop kèwan, ''ATV Zoo Trabas'' lan ''outbound''. <ref>[http://dolandolen.com/travel-directory/kebun-binatang-mangkang/ Kebun Binatang Mangkang]</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jateng/wisata/d-6103439/yuk-ke-kebun-binatang-semarang-ini-harga-tiket-dan-daftar-koleksinya|title=Yuk ke Kebun Binatang Semarang, Ini Harga Tiket dan Daftar Koleksinya|last=Purbaya|first=Angling Adhitya|website=detikjateng|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531051838/https://www.detik.com/jateng/wisata/d-6103439/yuk-ke-kebun-binatang-semarang-ini-harga-tiket-dan-daftar-koleksinya|archive-date=2022-05-31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://jateng.solopos.com/punya-2-gajah-baru-ini-harga-tiket-masuk-semarang-zoo-1662614|title=Punya 2 Gajah Baru, Ini Harga Tiket Masuk Semarang Zoo|last=Saputra|first=Imam Yuda|date=2023-06-19WIB16:45:06+00:00|website=Solopos.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-date=2023-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619100942/https://jateng.solopos.com/punya-2-gajah-baru-ini-harga-tiket-masuk-semarang-zoo-1662614|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3499233/semarang-zoo-sambut-wisatawan-saat-libur-lebaran-dengan-zooforia|title=Semarang Zoo sambut wisatawan saat libur Lebaran dengan "Zooforia"|last=antaranews.com|date=2023-04-20|website=Antara News|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeindonesia.com/semarang-zoo/|title=Semarang Zoo, Review Destinasi Keluarga Terkini dan Terbaru - NativeIndonesia.com|date=2022-08-13|website=www.nativeindonesia.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Fasilitas dolanan banyu ''Water Boom'' nggadahi blumbang keceh, blumbang pasir lan blumbang watu kesehatan. Wekdal operasional kebon kewan inggih punika saben dinten wiwit jam 08.00 dumugi 17.00 WIB, dene water boom khusus buka jam 09.00 dumugi 17.00 WIB.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jateng/wisata/d-6522111/semarang-zoo-harga-tiket-wahana-dan-jam-buka|title=Semarang Zoo: Harga Tiket, Wahana, dan Jam Buka|last=Purbaya|first=Angling Adhitya|website=detikjateng|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118083355/https://www.detik.com/jateng/wisata/d-6522111/semarang-zoo-harga-tiket-wahana-dan-jam-buka|archive-date=2023-01-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Malah menawi wekdal liburan Kebon Kèwan Semarang sangsaya tambah rame.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jateng.solopos.com/naik-ini-harga-tiket-semarang-zoo-saat-libur-lebaran-2023-1599698|title=Naik, Ini Harga Tiket Semarang Zoo saat Libur Lebaran 2023|last=Kurniawan|first=Adhik|date=2023-04-14WIB15:13:05+00:00|website=Solopos.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3505449/semarang-zoo-dikunjungi-8000-wisatawan-per-hari-selama-libur-lebaran|title=Semarang Zoo dikunjungi 8.000 wisatawan per hari selama libur Lebaran|last=antaranews.com|date=2023-04-25|website=Antara News|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> == Sajarah == Kebon Kewan Semarang utawa luwih dikenal kanthi jeneng Bonbin Semarang pertaminipun wonten ing wilayah ingkang saniki dados kawasan [[Taman Budaya Raden Saleh]] lan [[Wonderia]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://semarangkota.go.id/p/4764/pengelola_semarang_zoo_target_datangkan_satwa_gajah_tahun_ini|title=Pengelola Semarang Zoo Target Datangkan Satwa Gajah Tahun Ini {{!}} Pemerintah Kota Semarang|website=semarangkota.go.id|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://hariansemarang.id/2015/05/23/kebun-binatang-mangkang-semarang-jadi-objek-wisata-dunia/|title=Kebun Binatang Mangkang Semarang Jadi Objek Wisata Dunia|last=Semarang|first=Harian|date=2015-05-23|website=Harian Semarang|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-date=2023-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929132849/https://hariansemarang.id/2015/05/23/kebun-binatang-mangkang-semarang-jadi-objek-wisata-dunia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wonten ing warsa 1985, Kebun kewan Tegalwareng pungkasane dipunpindhah kaping pindho, inggih punika dipunpindhah dhateng Taman Lele ingkang wonten ing [[Tugu, Kutha Semarang|Kecamatan Tugu]] lan [[Tinjomoyo]] ingkang dumunung wonten ing Kelurahan [[Sukorejo, Gunungpathi, Semarang|Sukorejo]], Kecamatan [[Gunungpathi, Kutha Semarang|Gunungpati]], kanthi jembare 57,5 Hektare.<ref name=":2" /> Jeneng kebon kewan kasebut dipun gantos dados Taman Margasatwa lan Kebun Raya utawa dicekak dadi Taman Margaraya Semarang. Taman Margaraya minangka fasilitas kanthi fungsi ganda, inggih punika minangka obyek wisata alam lan budaya, uga minangka area ijem kagem kutha. Objek wisata wonten ing objek wisata punika inggih punika Kebun ''Raya'' (''[[Botanical Garden]]'') ingkang ngewrat konsep alas kutha, kebun kewan, taman damelan lan papan dolanan kagem lare-lare alit. Banjur wonten ing warsa 1985 Bonbin Semarang dipunpindhah malih menyang wilayah Tinjomoyo. Wonten ing tanggal 28 Februari 2007 Bonbin Semarang pindhah malih kagem ngenggoni wilayah enggal wonten ing wilayah Mangkang, tepate wonten ing Jl. Walisongo KM 16, seberangipun Terminal Mangkang. Wonten ing warsa 2004 Pemerintah kutha Semarang ngraos perlu kagem mindhah Kebun kewan saking Tinjomoyo dhateng panggonan enggal, amargi: * Lokasi kasebut sisah dipungayuh saking pusat kutha. * Lokasi wonten ing sakubenge kebon kewan boten stabil sanget, dados nyebabake karusakan wonten ing bangunan kasebut. * Kreteg ingkang nyambungake dhateng Kebun kewan rusak amargi banjir lan toya ingkang nggodhok. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kebunbinatangsemarang.com/sejarah-kebun-binatang-semarang.html|title="Sejarah Kebun Binatang Semarang"|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115091805/http://kebunbinatangsemarang.com/sejarah-kebun-binatang-semarang.html|archive-date=2015-11-15|dead-url=yes|access-date=2016-01-04}}</ref> Kanthi pertimbangan kasebat, wonten ing warsa 2006, Kebun Kewan Tinjomoyo dipunpindhah dhateng wilayah kulon kutha Semarang, tepate ing Jl. Urip Sumoharjo No.1 Semarang utawa luwih dikenal kanthi jeneng Jalan Raya Semarang - Kendal KM. 17, seberang Terminal Mangkang. Kanthi lokasi enggal puniki, Kebun Kewan Tinjomoyo uga ganti jeneng dados Kebon Kewan Mangkang Semarang ( '''Taman Margasatwa Semarang''') ingkang nggadahi wiyar kirang langkung 10 Hektare. Konsep ingkang dipuntawakake taman satwa puiki inggih punika konservasi, pendidikan lan rekreasi. Babagan puniki dipuntuduhake kanthi tambahan lan pangopènan rutin kabeh koleksi pupa lan kewan, ugi fasilitas pendukung konservasi-pendidikan-rekreasi. Wonten ing warsa 2016 Ke gantos saking ''Unit Pelaksana Tugas Dinas'' (UPTD) dados Perusda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jateng.solopos.com/kebun-binatang-semarang-ini-alasan-taman-margasatwa-mangkang-jadi-perusda-686198|title=KEBUN BINATANG SEMARANG : Ini Alasan Taman Margasatwa Mangkang Jadi Perusda|last=Solopos.com|first=Redaksi|date=2016-01-30WIB14:50:13+00:00|website=Solopos.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Koleksi Fauna == Kebon Kèwan Semarang nggadahi Koleksi kèwan ingkang kathah. Total kirang langkung wonten 89 spesies lan 283 satwa wonten ing kebon kèwan puniki.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/tag/kebun-binatang-semarang/photo|title=Berita Kebun Binatang Semarang Hari Ini - Kabar Terbaru Terkini {{!}} Liputan6.com|last=Liputan6.com|date=[publishdate]|website=www.liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3592380/bksda-jateng-serahkan-sepasang-gajah-ke-semarang-zoo|title=BKSDA Jateng serahkan sepasang gajah ke Semarang Zoo|last=antaranews.com|date=2023-06-16|website=Antara News|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Spesies wonten ing Kebon Kèwan Semarang antawis sanes: * Beruang Maben * [[gajah]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3576075/semarang-zoo-segera-datangkan-dua-gajah-sumatra-tambah-koleksi|title=Semarang Zoo segera datangkan dua gajah sumatra tambah koleksi|last=antaranews.com|date=2023-06-07|website=Antara News|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> * [[Singa]] * [[Macan sumatra|macan sumatera]] * Macan Benggala * [[pelikan]] * [[Urangutan|Orangutan]] * Jaran sandel * [[Kuda sumba|Jaran Sumba]] * [[Banthèng|Bantheng]] Jawa * Kebo [[Kebo|Kaukasia]] * [[Banthèng|Sapi Bali]] * Kancil Timor * [[Kidang|Kancil]] * Kancil * Nilgai * [[Luak Bulan|Luwak Wulan]] * [[Lutung|Langur]] * [[Siamang|Gibbon]] * Kethek Beruk * [[Kera Jawa|Kethek Jawa]] * kukang alon * [[Binturung]] * kidang jawa * [[Babi utan|Celeng]] == Koleksi Flora == Kebon Kèwan Semarang nggadahi Koleksi kèwan ingkang kathah. Spesies wonten ing Kebon Kèwan Semarang antawis sanes: * Akasia ( ''Acacia'' ) * [[Krambil|Kelapa]] ( ''[[Arecaceae]]'' ) * [[Allamanda cathartica|Alamanda]] ( ''[[Cathartica|kathartika]]'' ) * Angsana ( ''Pterocarpus'' ) * [[Asem jawa|asam jawa]] * [[Pacé|Noni]] * [[Waringin|Banyan]] * [[Kembang]] [[Bougenvile|bougainvillea]] * [[Bunga Bungur|Kembang Bungur]] * [[Dhuwet|Jamun]] * [[Randu Alas]] * [[Secang]] * Wit Jarak * [[Pohon Jati|Wit jati]] * Kapok Randu * Godhong Kelor * Kenangan * Cherry * Ayo * Rosewood == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.kebunbinatangsemarang.com Situs web resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723072049/https://www.kebunbinatangsemarang.com/ |date=2015-07-23 }} Diarsipkan </link> [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] hrz6isurb29n6iyzxaf8qpuakcnzq48 Lapangan Gelora Pemudha Pédan 0 195080 1760224 1736563 2026-11-06T08:20:43Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tempat wisata |image = Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan (1).jpg |caption = Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan. |name = Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan |lokasi = 8P53+87F, Jln. Gelora Pemuda Pedan, Gatak, Kedungan, Pedan, Kabupaten Klaten, Jawa Tengah 57468 |negara = {{flag|Indonesia}} |arsitek = |pengelola = |pembuat = |mulai_dibangun = |selesai_dibangun = |ditutup = |biaya = |jenis_wisata =[[Lapangan]] |gaya = Lapangan, tanah lapang |luas = |fasilitas = {{*}}Warung Makan<br>{{*}}Tempat Sampah<br>{{*}}Gazebo<br>{{*}}Gardu Pandang<br>{{*}}Toilet<br>{{*}}Area Parkir<br>{{*}}Mushola<br>{{*}}Spot Foto }} '''Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan''' ya iku tempat olahraga lan rekreasi sing ana ing alamat: Jln. Gelora Pemuda Pedan, [[Klaten]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indhonésia|Indhonesia]] 57468. Lapangan iki yaiku salah siji bagian sing penting kanggo komunitas olahraga lan rekreasi ing wilayah iku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vymaps.com/ID/Lapangan-Gelora-Pemuda-Pedan-171552249672959/|title=Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan - Sports & Recreation at Klaten|website=vymaps.com|access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://id.top10place.com/lapangan-gelora-pedan-1655956194.html|title=Lapangan Gelora Pedan {{!}} Sports & Recreation {{!}} Klaten|website=id.top10place.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pedan.klaten.go.id/compro/gallery/album/4|title=Gallery - Kecamatan Pedan|website=pedan.klaten.go.id|access-date=2023-10-12|archive-date=2022-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709162722/https://pedan.klaten.go.id/compro/gallery/album/4|url-status=dead}}</ref> Karo fasilitas-fasilitas sing ana, Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan ngundang kanggo macem-macem aktivitas olahraga lan rekreasi sing sesuai karo minat lan kebutuhan sing berbeda-beda. Mungkin ana lapangan sepak bola, lapangan bulu tangkis, kolam renang, lintasan lari, utawa fasilitas liyane sing ngijini pengunjung kanggo ikut sertanira ing kegiatan olahraga lan rekreasi sing nyenengake. Samantenipun, Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan uga sering dianggep minangka lokasi saka beragam acara olahraga, turnamen, kompetisi, utawa kegiatan rekreasi komunitas. Kanthi cara iku, lapangan iki duwe peran sing penting ing nuduhake gaya becik lan sehat, lan ngembangke rasa kebersamaan ing masyarakat setempat. Diharapaké supaya Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan bakal tetep jadi pusat kegiatan olahraga lan rekreasi sing manfaat kanggo komunitas setempat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mtsnpedan.sch.id/anggota-pramuka-madtsanida-kemah-2-hari-kenaikan-tingkat/|title=Anggota Pramuka Madtsanida Kemah 2 Hari Kenaikan Tingkat|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-12|archive-date=2025-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126031234/https://mtsnpedan.sch.id/anggota-pramuka-madtsanida-kemah-2-hari-kenaikan-tingkat/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Mangfaat lan fungsi == Lapangan iki bisa dianggo minangka destinasi wisata sing populer kanggo masyarakat ing sekitar Klaten. Samantenipun minangka tempat kanggo olahraga lan rekreasi, Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan uga sering dianggep minangka lokasi sing cocok kanggo berbagai acara seremoni kenegaraan, kaya upacara bendera lan seremoni liyane.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mtsnpedan.sch.id/upacara-sumpah-pemuda-2019-janganlah-pemuda-membuat-masalah/|title=Upacara Sumpah Pemuda 2019: Janganlah Pemuda Membuat Masalah|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-12|archive-date=2023-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529204517/http://mtsnpedan.sch.id/upacara-sumpah-pemuda-2019-janganlah-pemuda-membuat-masalah/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mtsnpedan.sch.id/peringatan-hut-pramuka-ke-62-di-mts-negeri-4-klaten/|title=MTs Negeri 4 Klaten Peringati HUT Pramuka ke-62|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-12|archive-date=2025-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126030158/https://mtsnpedan.sch.id/peringatan-hut-pramuka-ke-62-di-mts-negeri-4-klaten/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Iki nuduhaké yen lapangan iki duwe peran sing penting ing nuduhake acara-acara sing penting sing nduweni kaitan karo negara lan pemerintahan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edoostory.id/story/detail/55626/mts-negeri-4-klaten-ikuti-upacara-bendera-dalam-rangka-hut-ri-ke-78-di-lapangan-gelora-pemuda-pedan|title=Mts Negeri 4 Klaten Ikuti Upacara Bendera Dalam Rangka Hut Ri Ke-78 Di Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan|last=Klaten|first=MTs N. 4|website=edoostory.id|language=id|access-date=2023-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126025942/https://edoostory.id/story/detail/55626/mts-negeri-4-klaten-ikuti-upacara-bendera-dalam-rangka-hut-ri-ke-78-di-lapangan-gelora-pemuda-pedan|archive-date=2025-01-26|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mtsnpedan.sch.id/page/2/|title=Laman 2|website=Mts Negeri 4 Klaten|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-12|archive-date=2023-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529204712/https://mtsnpedan.sch.id/page/2/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mtsnpedan.sch.id/mts-negeri-4-klaten-ikuti-upacara-bendera-dalam-rangka-hut-ri-ke-78-di-lapangan-gelora-pemuda-pedan/|title=MTs Negeri 4 Klaten Ikuti Upacara Bendera dalam Rangka HUT RI ke-78 di Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-12|archive-date=2025-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126030025/https://mtsnpedan.sch.id/mts-negeri-4-klaten-ikuti-upacara-bendera-dalam-rangka-hut-ri-ke-78-di-lapangan-gelora-pemuda-pedan/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mtsnpedan.sch.id/mts-negeri-4-klaten-gelar-upacara-bendera-dan-berbagai-lomba-dalam-peringatan-sumpah-pemuda-2022/|title=MTs Negeri 4 Klaten Gelar Upacara Bendera dan Berbagai Lomba dalam Peringatan Sumpah Pemuda 2022|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-12|archive-date=2025-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126030330/https://mtsnpedan.sch.id/mts-negeri-4-klaten-gelar-upacara-bendera-dan-berbagai-lomba-dalam-peringatan-sumpah-pemuda-2022/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://info.visitklaten.com/info-klaten/sma-muhammadiyah-3-pedan/|title=SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Pedan - Kabupaten Klaten|last=Klaten|first=Info|date=2019-08-22|website=Info Klaten|language=en-US|access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref> Lapangan iki uga digunakake kanggo kegiatan umum sing melibatke sawetara wong. Misale, lapangan iki bisa jadi tempat sing apik kanggo ngadakan konser musik sing menarik ribuan penggemar musik. Selain iku, pasar malam sing duwe stan-stan sing nggolek manganan, barang kerajinan, lan hiburan liyane uga sering diadakan ing kene. Iki nyiptakaké suasana sing adem lan penuh semangat ing lapangan, di mana wong-wong bisa nyenggol, bersosialisasi, lan menikmati berbagai hiburan. Masyarakat ugi bisa mangfaataken lapangan iki kanggo kegiatan umum liyane, misal senam bersama,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pedan.klaten.go.id/gallery/Senam+Bersama+Dalam+Rangka+HUT+RI+ke-78+di+Lapangan+Gelora+Pemuda+Pedan|title=Senam Bersama Dalam Rangka HUT RI ke-78 di Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan|website=Website resmi Kecamatan Pedan}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> lan sepeda sehat bersama,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mtsnpedan.sch.id/sepeda-sehat-haornas-2017/|title=Sepeda Sehat Haornas 2017|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-12|archive-date=2023-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529204519/http://mtsnpedan.sch.id/sepeda-sehat-haornas-2017/|url-status=dead}}</ref> vaksinasi,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solo.tribunnews.com/2021/10/02/vaksinasi-di-klaten-digenjot-puluhan-pedagang-di-pasar-desa-delanggu-disuntik-saat-berjualan|title=Vaksinasi di Klaten Digenjot, Puluhan Pedagang di Pasar Desa Delanggu Disuntik Saat Berjualan|website=Tribunsolo.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solo.tribunnews.com/2021/09/11/hanya-di-klaten-vaksinasi-digelar-malam-hari-agar-warga-punya-waktu-panjang-500-dosis-pun-ludes|title=Hanya di Klaten, Vaksinasi Digelar Malam Hari Agar Warga Punya Waktu Panjang, 500 Dosis Pun Ludes|website=Tribunsolo.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref> utawi kegiatan politik lan kampanye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.suratkabarindonesiahebat.com/news-4052-babinsa-pedan-amankan-sosialisasi-pemilihan-umum.html|title=Babinsa Pedan Amankan Sosialisasi Pemilihan Umum|last=Kreasi|first=Ciptamedia|last2=suratkabarindonesiahebat.com|website=www.suratkabarindonesiahebat.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref> Karo berbagai peran sing dimainaké, Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan duwe potensi dadi pusat kegiatan sing beragam lan terintegrasi sing manfaat kanggo masyarakat ing sekitaré. Tempat iki ora cuma nduweni manfaat kanggo kesehatan fisik lan kebugaran karo olahraga, nanging uga ngliputi kesatuan lan rasa nasionalisme kanthi ngadakan acara-acara seremoni kenegaraan, uga nambahi kehidupan sosial lan budaya karo berbagai kegiatan umum sing menghibur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://id.placedigger.com/lapangan-gelora-pedan600418494.html|title=Lapangan Gelora Pedan in Klaten {{!}} Local business|website=id.placedigger.com}}</ref> == Alamat == Lapangan iki ana ing alamat Jln. Gelora Pemuda Pedan, Gatak, Kedungan, Pedan, Kabupaten Klaten, Jawa Tengah 57468, kanthi koordinat geografis 8P53+87F. Lokasi sing strategis iki nggawé Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan gampang dijangkau dening warga lokal lan para pengunjung saka manca daerah. Alamat sing jelas iki uga nggampangake pengunjung kanggo nemokaké tempat iki, apalagi nalika menghadiri berbagai acara sing diadakaké ing lapangan iki. Karo fasilitas akses sing apik lan informasi alamat sing jelas, Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan tambah dadi pusat kegiatan sing ramah lan terbuka kanggo kabeh wong.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.waze.com/id/live-map/directions/lapangan-gelora-gelora-pemuda-pedan?to=place.w.72550075.725500751.5782952|title=Petunjuk arah berkendara ke Lapangan Gelora, Gelora Pemuda, Pedan|website=Waze|language=id|access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://klatenkab.go.id/pembinaan-mental-dan-karakter-kepada-siswa-smk-kristen-pedan/|title=Pembinaan Mental dan Karakter kepada Siswa SMK Kristen Pedan|last=Kominfo|first=Kominfo|website=klatenkab.go.id|access-date=2023-10-12|archive-date=2017-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502154344/http://klatenkab.go.id/pembinaan-mental-dan-karakter-kepada-siswa-smk-kristen-pedan/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Pangembangan == Ing taun [[2019]], Pemerintah Kabupaten (Pemkab) Klaten ngalokasikan dana wektu Rp 700 juta kanggo ngatur lan ngembangaké Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan. Langkah iki nuduhaké komitmen saka Pemkab Klaten kanggo nambahi kualitas lan fasilitas sing ana ing lapangan iku. Kanthi dana iki, Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan direncanakaké bakal njalani serangkaian perbaikan lan peremajaan sing bakal nggawe lapangan iku tambah nyaman lan fungsional. Karo usaha ngembangaké iki, Lapangan Gelora Pemuda Pedan ora cuma bakal jadi tempat kanggo olahraga, nanging bakal diremajakaké dadi sarana umum sing luwih ramah lan nyaman kanggo masyarakat. Iki bakal nambahi daya tarik lapangan minangka pusat kegiatan komunitas lan destinasi wisata. Diharapaké yen investasi iki bakal menehi manfaat sing gedhé kanggo masyarakat ing sekitar Klaten, lan uga nyonggo peran lapangan ing nuduhake kebugaran fisik lan kehidupan sosial ing wilayah iku..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jatengprov.go.id/beritadaerah/bupati-klaten-sambang-warga-di-desa-jetis-wetan-pedan/|title=Bupati Klaten Sambang Warga di Desa Jetis Wetan Pedan|language=en-US|access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref> ==Ugi delok== *[[Jawa Tengah]] *[[Klaten]] == Rujukan == <div class="reflist <!-- -->{{#if: 0000000000000000002 | columns references-column-width }}" style="<!-- -->{{#if: 0000000000000000002 | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: 0000000000000000002 > 1 }} | {{column-width|1=0000000000000000002}} | {{#switch:0000000000000000002|1=|2={{column-width|1=30em}}|#default={{column-width|1=25em}}}} }} | {{#if: | {{column-width|1={{{colwidth}}}}} }} }} list-style-type: <!-- -->{{#switch: | upper-alpha | upper-roman | lower-alpha | lower-greek | lower-roman = {{{group}}} | #default = decimal}};"> {{#tag:references||group=|responsive={{#if:0000000000000000002|0|1}}}}</div>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using reflist with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Reflist]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | colwidth | group | liststyle | refs }} [[category: WikiPlesir]] [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Tengah]] qg9kjfy4804iv7otl5m3b8wxqtiy1se Grojogan Suroloyo 0 195087 1759995 1759442 2026-11-05T20:10:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox papan wisata|image=|caption=Air Terjun Suroloyo|name=Air Terjun Suroloyo|map_type=Indonesia|map_size=|latitude=-6.536|longitude=110.86|lokasi=Desa [[Bungu, Mayong, Jepara|Bungu]], Kecamatan [[Mayong, Jepara|Mayong]], Kabupaten [[Kabupaten Jepara|Jepara]]|negara={{flag|Indonesia}}|arsitek=|pengelola=|pembuat=|mulai_dibangun=|selesai_dibangun=|dibuka=|ditutup=|biaya=|jenis_wisata=[[Air terjun]]|gaya=|luas=|situs_web=|fasilitas=}}'''Grojogan Suroloyo''' inggih punika [[grojogan]] ingkang dumunung wonten ing [[Bungu, Mayong, Jepara|Bungu]], Kecamatan [[Mayong, Jepara|Mayong]], Kabupaten [[Kabupatèn Jepara|Jepara]], 36 km saking pusat kabupaten [[Kabupatèn Jepara|Jepara]] . Grojogan Suroloyo nggadahi dhuwur kirang langkung ± 10 meter pancen endah sanget, tlatah kasebut tesih asri amarga jarang sanget dipunopeni dhateng manungsa, malah masyarakat [[Kabupatèn Jepara|Jepara]] boten ngertos menawi ing Desa [[Bungu, Mayong, Jepara|Bungu]] wonten grojogan, mung masyarakat Desa [[Bungu, Mayong, Jepara|Bungu]] ingkang ngertos papan panggonan grojogan puniki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tempatwisataseru.com/wisata-alam-curug-air-terjun-di-jepara-jawa-tengah/|title=18 Air Terjun di Jepara Terhits & Terbaik, Rute Lokasi, Alamat, Harga Tiket!|last=Kurniawan|first=Diki|date=2023-08-02|website=Tempat Wisata Seru|language=en-US|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927012808/https://tempatwisataseru.com/wisata-alam-curug-air-terjun-di-jepara-jawa-tengah/|archive-date=2023-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Air+Terjun+Suroloyo/@-6.6469377,110.8198549,16.25z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x2e70d8bc017684f9:0xb969e59c6346c7b6!8m2!3d-6.6486911!4d110.8257943!16s%2Fg%2F12gh2y8zf!11m3!1m1!1e4!5shttps:%2F%2Fgoogleads.g.doubleclick.net%2Fpagead%2Fconversion%2F%3Fai%3DCcfBTYKQoZYvELd7LvcAPwaC_mAep0q62ccGks-fkEcCw3vPUHBABIK7Ks1Fg6YKAgOgNoAGa3aPuKcgBCakCAlawdTqC0T2oAwHIA8sEqgS1Ak_Q2EOpq3EWZ34FbAGJE-Dw44TsDnJr0E0tMKgmZXlUyCVkTb-miF8srpaUlAJjTCdH8oa2n9oHkIpvW7fvnjN0O9RY0-xMVku29tk4QV_IroRYuqxHHgwgjGUn8UT-42P5WTPGrpx3B_T7l2LRqOYKw6ioYzcrzpnAmRiqlsGS-d44ISRIeWVn_QUNuARozn3oT873TqpgX0DxVwTVBZJ-eEJXYXmN3f6h0wGS-72WMkIY9XVxjTgrm44zNhjE9gQlZ9di_NtHeNws8dJeDywRkxeidaIjVR-IxzG0i14iWRaFILZJT2mvKH60seojEzXenS5OddzV18E-mdR5aknyMJFFlyO-_r-DTAdU_lUHNHs4fbxdpNWWCZS5UJGGUaj51CsiETS1urCCTtyvjXupZ7P4FMAE1OOu-LEEiAWHt8feS5AGAaAGLoAHmpX0zQSIBwGQBwKoB9m2sQKoB47OG6gHk9gbqAfulrECqAf-nrECqAeko7ECqAfVyRuoB6a-G6gHmgaoB_PRG6gHltgbqAeqm7ECqAeDrbECqAf_nrECqAffn7EC2AcA0ggYCAAQAhgaMgEAOgif0ICAgIAEEEi9_cE6sQljvERSHQUhq4AKAZgLAcgLAeALAYAMAaoNAklEyA0BuBOIBNgTCtAVAZgWAfgWAYAXAQ%26sigh%3DkLQfG_p5w6k%26label%3D_AITNAME_%26value%3D_AITVALUE_?entry=tts&hl=en|title=Air Terjun Suroloyo · 9R2G+G8F, Dusun 7, Bungu, Kec. Mayong, Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah 59465, Indonesia|website=Air Terjun Suroloyo · 9R2G+G8F, Dusun 7, Bungu, Kec. Mayong, Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah 59465, Indonesia|language=en|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> == Panggonan == Grojogan Suroloyo papan wonten ing Desa [[Bungu, Mayong, Jepara|Bungu]], Kecamatan [[Mayong, Jepara|Mayong]], Kabupaten [[Kabupatèn Jepara|Jepara]], 36 km saking pusat kutha [[Kabupatèn Jepara|Jepara]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jeparahariini.com/pariwisata/air-terjun-suroloyo-keindahan-tersembunyi-desa-bungu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-10-13 |archive-date=2017-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816073113/http://www.jeparahariini.com/pariwisata/air-terjun-suroloyo-keindahan-tersembunyi-desa-bungu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=RAHMAWATI|first=ITA|date=2019-02-13|title=PENDAMPINGAN IBU DALAM STIMULASI PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN PERKEMBANGAN BALITA DI DESA MAYONG LOR KECAMATAN MAYONG KABUPATEN JEPARA|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.32696/ajpkm.v3i1.236|journal=AMALIAH: JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT|volume=3|issue=1|pages=251–255|doi=10.32696/ajpkm.v3i1.236|issn=2580-0531}}</ref> Kagem dumugi Grojogan Suroloyo saged mlampah boten kedah numpak kendaraan, amarga lokasine tesih asri, dados menawi ngagem sepedha motor utawa mobil kedah dpuniparkir wonten ing kawasan pemukiman Desa [[Bungu, Mayong, Jepara|Bungu]]. Rute kagem dumugi grojogan puniki cekap sisah lan boten gadah kathah akses. Rute <ref>http://www.nasirullahsitam.com/2014/01/menikmati-keasrian-air-terjun-suroloyo.html</ref> saged liwat Desa [[Pancur, Mayong, Jepara|Pancur]] utawa liwat Desa [[Datar, Mayong, Jepara|Datar]] – Desa [[Bandung, Mayong, Jepara|Bandung]] – Desa [[Pule, Mayong, Jepara|Pule]]. Menawi liwat prapatan lampu lalu lintas Mayong, ngalor. Dumugi pertigaan caket Puskesmas Mayong Pancur, jalur lurus, sakwise wonten pertigaan maneh, belok nengen, arah Sreni Indah. Sadumuginipun mriku kedah takon-takon panggonane marang warga supaya ora kesasar, amarga grojogan iki ndhelik banget.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://isjtv.com/10-wisata-air-terjun-terhits-di-jepara/|title=10 Wisata Air Terjun terhits di Jepara - Isjtv.com|last=admin|date=2019-06-16|website=Isjtv.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707174500/https://isjtv.com/10-wisata-air-terjun-terhits-di-jepara/|archive-date=2023-07-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Masalah == Grojogan Suroloyo pancen endah lan asri, nanging '''ingkang dados masalah''' inggih punika akses margi kagem ngunjungi desa kasebut tesih sisah sanget saengga mbutuhake perhatian saking pemerintah lan warga lokal kagem ngatur. Kahanane grojogan dhewe cukup asri, sanajan wonten sampah-sampah alam kayata ranting-ranting lan godhong-godhong garing ingkang rontok, mula dipunbutuhake tata cara supados kaendahane wilayah kasebut saged langkung sae. == Larangan == Grojogan Suroloyo nggadahi pinten-pinten larangan. Warga wonten ing Desa Bungu nyuwun marang para pengunjung ingkang dumugi wonten ing Grojogan Suroloyo supados boten sembarangan mbuwang sampah utawa corat-coret. Amarga grojogan puniki minangka sumber toya ingkang dipungunakake dening warga Desa Bungu. == Cathetan sikil == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] 0ubcau0d7sp84nw63wop2rfhw36wb4q Grojogan Sawangan 0 195089 1759993 1759441 2026-11-05T20:08:24Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox park | name = Grojogan Sawangan<br>{{nobold|{{small|ꦲꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁꦥꦠꦫꦤ}}}} | image = | image_caption = Grojogan Sawangan | map = | map_caption = | map_label = | type = Wisata Alam | location = Desa [[Karangduwur, Ayah, Kebumen|Karangduwur]], [[kecamatan]] [[Ayah, Kebumen|Ayah]], Kabupaten [[Kebumen]], Provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]] | coordinates = {{Coord|-7.756726|109.398220}} | area = | owner = | operator = Pemerintah Kabupaten Banjarnegara | visitation_num = | status = Dipun bikak (sakdawane dinten) | opened = 1930 | awards = | designation = | open = | created = | facilities = * papan panggenan ingkang wiyar * toilet * papan palenggahan * parkir }} '''Grojogan Sawangan''' inggih punika grojogan ingkang inggilipun kirang langkung 50 [[mèter]] lan mapan wonten ing Kawasan Karst Gombong Kidul, Desa [[Karangdhuwur, Petanahan, Kebumèn|Karangduwur]], [[Ayah, Kebumèn|Kecamatan Ayah]], [[Kabupatèn Kebumèn|Kabupaten Kebumèn]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.tribunnews.com/2021/02/03/5-air-terjun-di-kebumen-untuk-liburan-akhir-pekan-air-terjun-sudimoro-tawarkan-spot-instagrammable|title=5 Air Terjun di Kebumen untuk Liburan Akhir Pekan, Air Terjun Sudimoro Tawarkan Spot Instagrammable|website=Tribun Travel|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://video.okezone.com/play/2016/01/09/22/67197/menapak-air-terjun-sawangan-kebumen|title=Menapak Air Terjun Sawangan Kebumen : Okezone Video|last=Okezone|website=https://video.okezone.com/|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Grojogan puniki unik amarga papan panggonanipun wonten ing [[pasisir]] kidul, namung 150 meter saking pasisir. Kajawi punika, sumber toya asalipun saking [[Lemah|kali]] wonten ing [[Guwa]] Surupan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://karangduwur.kec-ayah.kebumenkab.go.id/index.php/web/data_tempat_wisata|title=Data Tempat Wisata|last=Kebumen|first=Pemerintah Kabupaten|website=Website Resmi Desa Karangduwur Kecamatan Ayah Kabupaten Kebumen|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619114607/https://karangduwur.kec-ayah.kebumenkab.go.id/index.php/web/data_tempat_wisata|archive-date=2022-06-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> Menawi dipun tingali ing nginggilipun grojogan puniki, inggih punika tutuke njawi guwa. [[Grojogan]] puniki nggadahi debit toya ingkang stabil, dene wonten ing musim kemarau debit toya bakal mudhun nanging boten dugi garing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idntimes.com/travel/destination/sinta-listiyana-2/air-terjun-unggulan-di-kebumen-c1c2|title=5 Air Terjun Unggulan di Kebumen, Bak Surga Tersembunyi|last=Times|first=I. D. N.|last2=Listiyana|first2=Sinta|website=IDN Times|language=In-Id|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Wonten ing ngisor grojogan wonten kedung nanging boten wiyar sanget lan dipundominasi watu gamping lan pecahan watu gamping. Grojogan puniki uga asring dipun jenengi ''Air Terjun Pelangi'' amarga wonten [[Kluwung|kluwung ingkang]] asring ketingal ing sangandape grojogan nalika srengenge ketingal. <ref>[https://lintaskebumen.wordpress.com/2015/03/21/curug-sawangan-keajaiban-air-terjun-di-dekat-pantai-2 Curug Sawangan, Keajaiban Air Terjun di Dekat Pantai]</ref> Grojogan puniki wonten ing Kali Jemenar ingkang asalipun saking Bukit Gadung lan ngliwati sawetara dhusun dumugi pungkasane mlebet liwat ponor lan dados [[kali]] lemah . == Gua Siwowo == Guwa Siwowo minangka guwa pisanan wonten ing tlatah puniki ingkang langsung ketingal saking margi menyang Grojogan Sawangan. Guwa puniki dipungunakake kagem kegiyatan ''rapelling'' saking nginggil guwa dumugi ngandap. Wonten ing lebetipun wonten ornamen guwa ingkang khas, nanging akehingkang boten aktif malih. Umume nggadahi werni putih kuning.Wonten sawetara sumber toya ingkang wonten antaranipun stalaktit, toyanipun saged dipun unjuk. Wonten ing wingking guwa wonten bolongan ingkang dipunpageri. Dipuncritakake, guwa puniki dawa sanget lan tembus menyang Guwa Surupan utawa Guwa Sawangan, nanging boten sembarangan tiyang ingkang saged nerusake tanpa peralatan guwa. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://androzmeda.blogspot.co.id/2016/04/ngetrail-ke-curug-sawangan-dengan-mio-j.html |title=Ngetrail ke Curug Sawangan |access-date=2023-10-13 |archive-date=2016-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223140002/http://androzmeda.blogspot.co.id/2016/04/ngetrail-ke-curug-sawangan-dengan-mio-j.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Guwa Sawangan == Guwa Sawangan inggih punika dados salah suwijining [[guwa]] wonten ing tlatah puniki saliyané Guwa Siwowo. Guwa Sawangan minangka gabungan saking kalih guwa, inggih punika Guwa Sawangan lan Guwa Surupan. Kekakih guwa puniki dipungabungake dening kalih tutukane guwa ingkang benten. Guwa Sawangan nduweni stalagmit, stalaktit lan grojogan ingkang apik sanget. Stalagmit wonten ing lantai guwa Sawangansami kados wangun [[iwak]] utawa [[durian]]. Nalika njelajah guwa puniki, skedah nggunakake peralatan ingkang nyukupi, kalebu helm, keranten sawetara wonten bagéan saking guwa ingkang rawan kagem mencet sirah wonten ing stalaktit. Ingkang nggumunake, wonten ing Guwa Sawangan wonten lawang guwa. Lawang guwa kasebut minangka lawang mlebu ing Guwa Surupan ingkang misuwur kanthi toya kali sakjeronipun lemah. Sawise njelajah Guwa Sawangan ingkang dipungabungake kalih Guwa Surupan kanthi ngetutake aliran toya, pungkasanipun bakal nemokake pungkasanipun guwa kasebut. Guwa puniki dipunpotong dening jurang ingkang curam. Ananging saking wingking guwa puniki saged dipun tingali hamparan Samudra Indonesia ingkang nggumunake. Pucuking guwa Sawangan cedhak pesisir kidul. Toya kali saking Guwa Sawangan utawa Surupan nyemplung wonten ing jurang dados grojogan ingkang dipunarani Curug Sawangan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://berita.suaramerdeka.com/berpetualang-menikmati-keajaiban-alam-di-goa-sawangan/|title=Berpetualang Menikmati Keajaiban Alam di Goa Sawangan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223134120/http://berita.suaramerdeka.com/berpetualang-menikmati-keajaiban-alam-di-goa-sawangan/|archive-date=2016-12-23|dead-url=yes|access-date=2016-12-23}}</ref> == Pasisir Sawangan == Pasisir Sawangan wonten 150 meter saking Grojogan Sawangan. Pasisir Sawangan minangka teluk alit ingkang dipunubengi tebing ingkang curam. Pasiripun boten kathah, nanging mung wonten pecahan watu karang ing pasisir ingkang ugi dados muara kali Jemenar. Pasir pasisir bakal katon nalika banyu segara surut. Sanadyan ing [[teluk]], [[ombak]] ing Pantai Sawangan cekap ageng, khas ombak segara kidul. Wonten ing saubengé wonten tebing-tebing lan bukit-bukit ingkang bakal kebak wit-witan lan suket ijem ing mangsa jawah lan kados padang savanna nalika wonten ing musim kemarau amarga bakal kathah suket coklat abang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jateng.solopos.com/menikmati-laut-lepas-samudra-hindia-di-sawangan-advanture-1556430|title=Menikmati Laut Lepas Samudra Hindia di Sawangan Advanture|last=Annisa|first=Dela|date=2023-02-21WIB22:27:50+00:00|website=Solopos.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-date=2023-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624192154/https://jateng.solopos.com/menikmati-laut-lepas-samudra-hindia-di-sawangan-advanture-1556430|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Panggonan == Grojogan Sawangan papan wonten ing Dusun Nogosari, Desa [[Karangdhuwur, Ayah, Kebumèn|Karangduwur]], [[Kacamatan|Kecamatan]] [[Ayah, Kebumèn|Ayah]]. Pintu mlebet grojogan puniku cedhak kalih pemukiman. Medan kagem dumugi papan panggonan saking parkiran inggih punika margi sempit ingkang munggah mudhun ngetutake kontur perbukitan karst luwih saking 500 meter. Ananging, kahanan ingkang sae lan nyaman, dipuntambah pemandangan alam ingkang dipunsajikake wonten ing margi boten bakal nguciwani. Ambane [[Samodra Indhi|Samudra Hindia]] bakal dados rencang sajronipun lelungan.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tempatwisataseru.com/objek-wisata-alam-curug-air-terjun-di-kebumen-terbaik/|title=16 Air Terjun di Kebumen Terbaik & Paling Hits, Lokasi Curug, Tiket dll|last=Nanda|date=2023-07-09|website=Tempat Wisata Seru|language=en-US|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014034402/https://tempatwisataseru.com/objek-wisata-alam-curug-air-terjun-di-kebumen-terbaik/|archive-date=2023-10-14|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Air+Terjun+Sawangan/@-7.75693,109.3775091,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x2e65374bbbe718bf:0x549db2506ba4c666!8m2!3d-7.7569306!4d109.3981087!16s%2Fg%2F11bwdxygsg?hl=id&entry=tts|title=Air Terjun Sawangan · Tj. Nagasari, Karangduwur, Kec. Ayah, Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia|website=Air Terjun Sawangan · Tj. Nagasari, Karangduwur, Kec. Ayah, Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia|language=id-US|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> == Aksesibilitas == Kagem dumugi Grojogan Sawangan, pengunjung bakal ngetutake rute Kebumen - [[Pasisir Suwuk|Pantai Suwuk]] - Pantai Ayah utawa uga njupuk rute menyang [[Pasisir Menganti|Pantai Menganti]]. Banjur saksampunipun dumugi wonten ing prapatan margi [[Pasisir Menganti|Pantai Menganti]], pengunjung kedah terus mlampah menyang Pantai Ayah. Boten let dangu wonten SDN 1 Karangduwur, wonten ing ngarepe para pengunjung sekolah kedah milih margi ingkang bener ing sisih kiwa margi (sampun wonten rambu-rambu margi). Mung tindakake dalan miturut rambu-rambu margi ingkang dipunsedhiyakake ing rute kasebut ngantos ketemu papan parkiran lan sawetara kios ing obyek wisata puniki. Papan parkiran kagem kendaraan wonten ing gedung kasebut. Banjur nerusake mlampah dumugi grojogan. == Referensi == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] 43f9m768gbis9ek2g671blcfk88e8xw Grojogan Silangit 0 195097 1759994 1744052 2026-11-05T20:09:18Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tempat wisata |image = Kaligesing.jpg |caption = Dalan ing sekitaran Kaligesing |name = {{PAGENAME}} <BR />Air terjun Silangit <BR /> Curug Silangit |lokasi = 63HM+F3F, Krajan, Jatirejo, Kec. Kaligesing, [[Kabupaten Purworejo]], [[Jawa Tengah]] 54175 |negara = {{flag|Indonesia}} |arsitek = |pengelola = |pembuat = |mulai_dibangun = |selesai_dibangun = |ditutup = |biaya = |jenis_wisata =[[Alam|Alam]], [[banyu|banyu]], [[grojogan| grojogan]] |gaya = Alam |luas = |fasilitas = {{*}}Warung Makan<br>{{*}}Tempat Sampah<br> {{*}}Toilet<br>{{*}}Area Parkir<br>{{*}}Mushola<br>{{*}}Spot Foto }} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' Desa Somongari iki ana ing Perbukitan Menoreh sing terkenal amarga alamé sing asri lan indah. Ing desa iki, sampeyan bisa nikmati keindahan alamé, kanthi khusus wisata air sing banget istimewa. Air terjun sing dikenal dening jeneng Curug Silangit yaiku salah siji daya tarik utama ing Desa Somongari. Curug Silangit iki gedhé lan airé ngalir nganti antara pepohonan sing saiki tetep rimbun lan ijo. Suara gemerisik air sing mlumpat saka ketinggian nyedhiyakake suasana sing menenangkan lan nambah pesonane alam ing desa iki. Ngantiyen menikmati Curug Silangit, pengunjung uga bisa mlakuake eksplorasi menyang keindahan alam ing sekitar desa. Perbukitan sing hijau lan pemandangan alam sing luas ngluwihi Desa Somongari minangka tempat sing apik kanggo tindak lanjut, piknik, utawa sekadar merasakake ketenangan alam. Maka, yekti sampeyan sing lagi nyari pelarian saka kehidupan sehari-hari lan pengin menikmati alam sing asri, Desa Somongari lan Curug Silangit yaiku destinasi sing pas kanggo didatangi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeindonesia.com/curug-silangit/|title=Curug Silangit, Wisata Lengkap di Desa Somongari, Purworejo - NativeIndonesia.com|date=2020-11-09|website=www.nativeindonesia.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trepelin.com/curug-silangit-1776|title=Curug Silangit, Wisata Purworejo, Jawa Tengah|website=Trepelin|language=ID|access-date=2023-10-14}}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Purworejo ora mung duwe potensi wisata alam ing bentuk pantai. Kanggo sampeyan sing seneng kanthi nuansa alam sing hijau, ayo mampir menyang Curug Silangit. Wisata air terjun iki ana ing Krajan, Jatirejo, Kaligesing. Aja kurang saka padukuhan sing dianggep minangka surgane Purworejo, akses menyang lokasi iki cukup gampang, amarga ana papan petunjuk kanggo ngganti para pengunjung. Curug Silangit yaiku destinasi sing cocok kanggo pecinta alam sing nyari ketenangan dhisik tengah keindahan alam. Air terjun iki nggawe pengalaman alam sing unik karo aliran air sing deres nganti antara hutan sing rimbun. Suara gemericik air sing mlumpat lan aroma segar saka pepohonan ijo nuduhaké suasana sing menenangkan. Nanging maneh menikmati keindahan Curug Silangit, pengunjung uga bisa mlakuake eksplorasi ing sekitar kawasan air terjun. Ngguyu-nguyu ing alam terbuka, piknik, utawa sekadar merenung ing pinggir air yaiku sawetara aktivitas sing bisa dilakukan ing kene. Curug Silangit nyedhiyakake pesona alam sing asri lan menenangkan ing Purworejo. Jadi, yekti sampeyan sing lagi nyari alternatif wisata alam sing beda ing Purworejo, Curug Silangit yaiku tempat sing patut dikunjungi kanggo merasakake keindahan alam ijo sing apik kanggo didatangi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://visitjawatengah.jatengprov.go.id/id/regency/kabupaten-purworejo/destinasi-wisata/curug-silangit|title=Pariwisata Provinsi Jawa Tengah {{!}} Destinasi Wisata {{!}} CURUG SILANGIT|last=digsa.id|website=visitjawatengah.jatengprov.go.id|language=en|access-date=2023-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704111804/https://visitjawatengah.jatengprov.go.id/id/regency/kabupaten-purworejo/destinasi-wisata/curug-silangit|archive-date=2025-07-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> Curug Silangit, destinasi wisata air terjun sing ana ing Kabupaten Purworejo, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, njaluk pengalaman alam sing apik. Air sing mengalir ing Curug Silangit berasal saka bukit sing ana ing Dusun Sijanur. Sumber air iki nyedhiyakake hening kanggo air terjun sing apik iki lan nyedhiyakake suasana alam sing asri lan tentram. Kaliyan lokasi sing ana ing tengah alam, Curug Silangit yaiku tempat sing pas banget kanggo wong sing nyari ketenangan lan keindahan alam sing apik. Kanthi hutan sing lebat ing sisihé lan air terjun sing menarik, tempat iki minangka surgane para pecinta alam lan wong sing pengin mlakuake saka keramaian kutha. Yen sampeyan lagi nyari pengalaman alam sing ora bakal ilang ing Jawa Tengah, Curug Silangit yaiku pilihan sing apik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribunnewswiki.com/2021/06/08/curug-silangit|title=Curug Silangit|website=Tribunnewswiki.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> Ing Desa Wisata Somongari, ana keindahan alam sing ora biso dihargai, salah sawijiningé yaiku air terjun Curug Silangit sing ana ketinggian liyane saka 50 mitér. Curug Silangit ana ing Desa Somongari, Kecamatan Kaligesing, Kabupatèn Purworejo, Jawa Tengah. Kawasan wisata Curug Silangit iki dilengkapi karo fasilitas sing bakal nambah kenyamanan para pengunjung, kalebu fasilitas musola lan toilet ing area parkir. Ana ogé gazebo sing nyediakeun pilihan kanggo wisatawan sing badhé ngistirahat nalika jalan menyang Curug. Sanesipun, jembatan bambu sing mbentang menyang saking jalan menyang Curug Silangit nambah nuansa pedesaan sing asri lan nyaman, lan warga setempat sing ramah bakal nambah nilai tambah kanggo para pengunjung.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wisatadesasomongari.wordpress.com/wisata/wisata-alam/curug-silangit/|title=Curug Silangit|date=2018-08-18|website=DESA WISATA SOMONGARI|language=en|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> Objek Wisata Alam Curug Silangit ing Desa Kaligono, Purworejo, Jawa Tengah, jadi salah siji tujuan wisata sing disukai sajeroning waktu liburan akhir taun iki. Ing tempat iki, para pengunjung bakal merasakake keindahan alam sing mempesona, saka air terjun nganti pemandangan Perbukitan Menoreh ing Yogyakarta. Curug iki ana ing ketinggian kurang lewat 1.000 meter saka permukaan laut (mdpl) lan nggawé sajeroning pemandangan sing apik. Udara adem saka pegunungan nambah semangat para pengunjung kanggo nikmati wisata alam iki. Sawetara pengunjung nuduhake diri kanggo pemandangan alam sing masih alami ing wonten ana. Sakewané, ditundha dharat mugi bisa ngirimi perhatian sing luwih akèh nganggo Curug Silangit. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jateng.inews.id/video/pesona-curug-silangit-tarik-wisatawan|title=Pesona Curug Silangit Tarik Wisatawan|date=2017-12-26|website=iNews.ID|language=id|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> ==Harga Tiket== Curug Silangit, destinasi wisata sing memukau, ana tiga tingkat air terjun sing menarik. Tingkat terendah, kanggo akraban ana sing disebut siklotok, ana ketinggian sekitar 10 meter. Ing tingkat tengah utawa tingkat kalih, air terjun ana sing ketinggine kurang lebih seng ketinggine pohon kelapa. Nanging ing tingkat kalih utawa sing paling utama, ana Curug Silangit dhewe sing ana ketinggian kurang lebih 30 meter. Air terjun iki mengalir deres metu menyang woh cangkem ing antara dahanan sing tetep adem. Airé loro-an menyebar menyang panggonan cangkem, mengalirkan air sing cetha lan amat bersih, ngasilaken panorama sing menawan. Tiket masuk menyang Curug Silangit amat terjangkau, kanthi harga sing ora bakal sumpil menyang 5000 rupiah, antara 2000 nganti 3000 rupiah sajalah. Ana biaya tambahan kanggo parkir nganti menurut tarif sing berlaku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mytrip123.com/curug-silangit/|title=Curug Silangit - Harga Tiket, Rute Lokasi & Spot Terbaru 2023|last=Derma|date=2023-04-11|website=Mytrip123|language=en-US|access-date=2023-10-14|archive-date=2023-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209143201/https://mytrip123.com/curug-silangit/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Menika wong mesti nggawé pangluhur kanggo masuk menyang Curug Silangit. Kanggo parkir sepeda motor, bakal dikenakake biaya sekitar Rp 1000, nalika kanggo parkir mobil, biayane kurang lewat Rp 3000. Selain iku, ana tiket masuk sing kudu dibayar, kanggo sekitar Rp 3000 menyang sampeyan. Biaya parkir lan tiket masuk iki yaiku kontribusi cilik sing wajib sampeyan bayar kanggo njaluk ngrasani keindahan alam lan air terjun sing apik ing Curug Silangit. Kanthi biaya sing terjangkau, sampeyan bisa ngrasani pengalaman alam sing luar biasa ing destinasi iki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wruhantojati.com/perjalanan/curug-silangit-purworejo/|title=curug silangit|access-date=2023-10-14|archive-date=2023-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927140955/https://wruhantojati.com/perjalanan/curug-silangit-purworejo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fajarbeve07.blogspot.com/2012/01/curug-silangit-sumongari-purworejo.html|title=CURUG SILANGIT, SOMONGARI, PURWOREJO|date=Selasa, 12 Januari 2016|website=CURUG SILANGIT, SOMONGARI, PURWOREJO ~ GOLEK WANGSIT-Mencari Wahyu|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> == Jam Operasional == Saat liburan sing seneng menyang Curug Silangit, ana aktivitas sing bisa dinikmati, kalebu berenang menyang kolam cangkem air sing cetha lan adem. Kanggo merencanakan kunjungan sing berkesan, penting kanggo ngerti jam operasional Curug Silangit. Tempat iki buka saben dina, menyang Senin nganti Minggu, karo jam operasional saka jam 08.00 nganti 17.00 WIB. Jadi, pastikan kanggo merencanakan kunjungan sampeyan supaya sampeyan bisa menikmati kabeh sing ditawani dening Curug Silangit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trivago.co.id/id/opr/hotel-dekat-curug-air-terjun-silangit?search=500-3113399|title=curug silangit}}</ref> == Jalur Trekking == Pangelan treking menyang Curug Silangit emang nggayuh tantangan, nanging ana sawetara pangarep sing bisa sampeyan temok ing ana. Salah sawijining kanggo perhatian yaiku jalur jembatan bambu sing nantang, nanging uga bisa jadi spot foto sing menarik. Kanthi jembatan bambu sing ngadegake nuwasa pedesaan lan nambani pemandangan alam sing apik, iki yaiku tempat sing apik kanggo ngabadhoni momèn sing berharga nalika perjalanan. Nyatane mangan jembatan bambu sambil menikmati pemandangan alam sing apik yaiku pengalaman sing ora bakal ilang ing Curug Silangit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idntrip.com/tempat-wisata-di-purworejo/|title=20 Tempat Wisata di Purworejo Paling Hits Segala Usia Saat Liburan|last=Nuha|date=2019-02-06|website=IDNTRIP|language=en-US|access-date=2023-10-14}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Alamat dan Jalur Lokasi== Minangka tujuan rekreasi alam sing populer, Curug Silangit yaiku tempat sing gampang banget kanggo dieksplorasi. Akses jalan sing apik bakal ngewantuaken kanggo pilihan sing apik kanggo liburan karo kulawarga sampeyan, kabehé nalika tujuan sampeyan yaiku Air Terjun Curug Somongari. Saat sampeyan siap-siap manganjuk keindahan Air Terjun sing apik iki ing Purworejo, sampeyan bakal nemokake Curug Silangit sing ana ing Krajan, Jatirejo, Kaligesing, Kabupatèn Purworejo, Jawa Tengah. Kanggo menemokake tempat iki saka pusat kutha Purworejo, sampeyan kudu njaluk jarak kurang lewat 15 kilometer. Jarak sing lumayan deket iki nggampangaken pengunjung kanggo manganjuk Curug Silangit lan njaluk menikmati keindahan alamé.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.genjosholiday.com/curug-silangit-lokasi-dan-harga-tiket-masuk/|title=Curug Silangit : Lokasi dan Harga Tiket Masuk|date=2022-04-02|website=Genjos Holiday|language=id|access-date=2023-10-14|archive-date=2023-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925193947/https://www.genjosholiday.com/curug-silangit-lokasi-dan-harga-tiket-masuk/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aliansirakyatnews.com/2018/03/16/sejenak-menikmati-suasana-alam-dibalik-keindahan-curug-silangit-somongari-purworejo/|title=Sejenak Menikmati Suasana Alam Dibalik Keindahan Curug Silangit Somongari Purworejo|date=2018-03-16|website=aliansirakyatnews.com {{!}} #SeputarInformasiRakyat|language=id|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> Lokasi Curug Silangit iki dhuwurane mudah dijangkau, amarga ana ing pinggir jalan raya Kaligesing. Perjalanan menyang ing tempat iki bisa ditempuh nganggo angkutan umum utawa kendaraan pribadi. Yen nganggo angkutan umum, sampeyan bisa mlaku menyang angkutan umum jurusan Purworejo-Kaligesing sing terminal angkoté ana ing sisi belakang Pasar Baledono. Saka terminal iku, turun ing Palpitu, terus mlaku menyang 15-30 menit menyang arah dhuwur sing yaiku jalur menyang obyek wisata Goa Seplawan. Sampeyan bisa nanya lokasi Curug Silangit menyang wong-wong setempat, amarga wilayah iki uga ana banyak omah wong-wongan. Nanging kanggo sampeyan sing nggunakake kendaraan roda loro utawa roda papat, kendaraan bisa diparkir ing halaman omah wong-wongan sing adoh digunakake minangka tempat parkir déning para pengunjung. Saka lokasi parkir iki, perjalanan menyang Curug Silangit bisa ditempuh ing wektu kurang lewat 15 menit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zackya99.wordpress.com/2012/06/25/curug-silangit-yang-mempesona/|title=Curug Silangit Yang Mempesona|date=2012-06-25|website=zackya99|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ragamwisata.com/curug-silangit/|title=Curug Silangit Purworejo, Wisata Alam Tersembunyi di Perbukitan Menoreh – Ragamwisata|date=2016-08-31|language=en-US|access-date=2023-10-14|archive-date=2023-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003232705/https://ragamwisata.com/curug-silangit/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist|002}} [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Tengah]] jis9my1k3ur1m5ha8c7nq9bbrgc9qel Kebon Tèh Wanasari 0 195102 1760153 1752396 2026-11-06T04:56:23Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760153 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Kebun Teh Toyomarto Singosari Malang Jawa Timur - panoramio.jpg|jmpl|352x352px|Kebon Tèh Wanasari Malang]] '''Kebon Tèh Wanasari''' yaiku salah sawijining agrowisata kang kuncara ing Kabupatèn Malang, mapan tepak ing Désa Toyamarta, Kacamatan Singasari lan ing Désa Wanareja, Kacamatan Lawang. Kebon tèh iki sacara geografis ana ing pèrènging Gunung Arjuna ing kadhuwuran 950-1250 mèter saka lumahing sagara kanthi suhu rata-rata 19-26 °C, ing sisih kuloné watesan karo Gunung Kawi. Déné jinising tèh kang ditandur ing kebon iki yaiku ''Thea Sinensis'' lan ''Thea Assamica''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tugumalang.id/kebun-teh-wonosari-lawang-wisata-keluarga-dan-petik-teh-yang-menyejukkan/|title=Kebun Teh Wonosari Lawang, Wisata Keluarga dan Petik Teh yang Menyejukkan|date=2022-10-28|website=Tugu Malang|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Lawang Kota Kenangan|last=Kurniawan|first=Redite|publisher=Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa|year=2018|isbn=978-602-437-419-8|location=Jakarta Timur|pages=}}</ref> Kebon tèh kang ditindakaké déning PT. Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) XII iki, minangka kebon tèh wisata saliyané kang ana ing Jember, Lumajang, lan Blitar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvonenews.com/daerah/jatim/151481-sejuknya-udara-di-kebun-teh-wonosari-lawang-pikat-turis-asing-dan-pengunjung-dalam-negeri|title=Sejuknya Udara di Kebun Teh Wonosari Lawang, Pikat Turis Asing dan Pengunjung dalam Negeri|last=Cahyono|first=Edi|date=2023-10-10|website=TV One News|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Lan minangka kebon tèh sapisanan ing Jawa Wétan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://ptpn12.com/2021/12/27/mengenal-sejarah-kebun-teh-wonosari-wisata-puncak-jawa-timur/|title=Mengenal Sejarah Kebun Teh Wonosari, Wisata Puncak Jawa Timur|first=PTPN12|date=2021-12-27|website=PT Perkebunan Nusantara XII|access-date=2023-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124190516/https://ptpn12.com/2021/12/27/mengenal-sejarah-kebun-teh-wonosari-wisata-puncak-jawa-timur/|archive-date=2022-01-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kebon tèh iki uga wus nganthongi pirang-pirang sèrtipikat produksi kayata Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), Ethical Tea Partnership (ETP), Rainforest Alliance (RA), lan sèrtipikat halal.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Ismail|last2=Prasetijowati|first2=Tri|last3=Azizah|first3=Anisa Kurniatul|last4=Setiawati|first4=Maharani Ika|date=2022-11-21|title=Strategi Pengembangan Ekowisata Kebun Teh Wonosari, Malang|url=http://ejurnal.uwp.ac.id/lppm/index.php/prosiding/article/view/142|journal=Prosiding Seminar Nasional & Call for Paper PSGESI UWP, September 2022|volume=9|pages=241-249}}</ref> == Péranganing papan == Kebon Tèh Wanasari ambané ana 1.144 héktar (Ha) lan kapérang dadi 3 kebon, yaiku, Kebon Wanasari, Kebon Radèn Agung, lan Kebon Gubug Lor.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dakatour.com/lokasi-dan-harga-tiket-masuk-kebun-teh-wonosari-lawang-malang-serunya-ngeteh-di-padang-hijau.html|title=Lokasi dan Harga Tiket Masuk Kebun Teh Wonosari Lawang Malang, Serunya Ngeteh di Padang Hijau|website=Daka Tour|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> Déné Kebon Wanasari dhéwé ambané ana 370,3 Ha, kang tinandur tanduran tèh ana 316,24 Ha (85,4%), tanduran mahoni 8,7 Ha (2,35%), tanduran apel 0,75 Ha (0,2%), kebon utama 1 Ha (0,27%), émplasemén 9,24 Ha (2,5%), papan pangembangan wisata agro 0,86 Ha (0,23%), lan sapinunggalané (9,05%).<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Baskara|first=Medha|first2=Sitawati|title=Konsep Pengembangan Wisata Agro Kebun Teh Wonosari: Usaha Diversifikasi Dalam Meningkatkan Nilai Tambah Pengelolaan Perkebunan Teh|url=https://docplayer.info/35993993-Konsep-pengembangan-wisata-agro-kebun-teh-wonosari-usaha-diversifikasi-dalam-meningkatkan-nilai-tambah-pengelolaan-perkebunan-teh.html|journal=Seminar Nasional Perhimpunan Agronomi Indonesia (PERAGI) “Tanggung Jawab Agronomi dalam Revitalisasi Pertanian” Malang, 27-28 September 2005|pages=1-12}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sajarah == === Jaman kolonial === Kebon Tèh Wanasari binukak kanggo sapisanan ing jaman kolonial Walanda. Nalika iku kang mbukak yaiku parusahaan anama NV Cultur Maatschappij ing taun 1875-1919, nanging kang dadi pangembang kebon iki wong Jérman. GM Verhey minangka diréktur sapisanan ing parusahaan iku, nalika Verhey séda katerusaké déning bojoné, Carlota Teodota. Banjur ing taun 1910, anaké kang jenengé Cornelis wiwit nyekel parusahaan warisané wong tuwané iku. Wiwit jaman samana kebon iki wis jinangkepi kanthi mesin kanggo nggawé tèh lan uga wis bisa ngékspor produk menyang manca. Nalika jaman Jepang, kebon tèh iki mandheg oprasiné jalaran Pamarèntah Jepang ngganti produk tèh kanthi produk-produk liya kayata katéla, uwi, lan kentang. Nanging pabrik iku ora dirusak lan diajurké. Mangka, nalika jaman sawusé kamardikan, wong Indhonésia isih bisa nerusaké kebon tinggalané Walanda iku.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Kartika|first=Ratna|date=2023-10-13|title=Perkembangan Agrowisata Perkebunan Teh Wonosari Tahun 1994-2010|url=https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/avatara/article/view/8443|journal=Avatara|volume=2|pages=61-74}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rejogja.republika.co.id/berita/r1kqg6399/mengenal-kebun-teh-wonosari-yang-ada-sejak-zaman-belanda|title=Mengenal Kebun Teh Wonosari yang Ada Sejak Zaman Belanda|last=Assidiq|first=Yusuf|last2=Fizriyan|first2=Wilda|date=2021-10-26|website=Rejogja|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> === Jaman sawusé kamardikan === Sawusé kamardikan kebon tèh iku ditindakaké déning Pusat Perkebunan Negara. Ing taun 1950 tanduran kebon kang sadurungé tinandur kanthi tanduran-tanduran pangan déning Jepang, banjur ginanti kanthi tanduran tèh manèh. Ing taun 1957 jeneng pakebonan ginanti kanthi jeneng Pusat Perkebunan Negara (PPN) Kesatuan Jawa Timur, ing taun 1963 jeneng pakebonan ganti manèh Pusat Perkebunan Negara (PPN) Aneka Tanaman lan terus ana sapirang-pirang pagantian jeneng nganti pungkasan ing taun 1996, PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) XII.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marisa|first=Rizky Hanivia|date=2022-05-31|title=Proses Produksi Teh Hitam Crushing Tearing Curling (Ctc) di Pt. Perkebunan Nusantara Xii Kebun Wonosari|url=http://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/6374/|journal=Skripsi|location=Surabaya|publisher=Fakultas Teknik|publication-place=UPN Veteran Jawa Timur|access-date=2023-10-14|archive-date=2024-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416105430/https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/6374/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kebon iki dibukak minangka papan wisata wiwit jamané Présidhèn Suharta ing taun 1994. Ing jaman semana Présidhèn Suharta kepéngin pariwisata bisa dumadi alat kanggo ngasilaké dévisa nagara nomer 3 utawa nomer 4 ing Indhonésia. Déné PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) XII kang dadi panindak Kebon Tèh Wanasari iku asliné gabungan saka PTPN XXIII, PTPN XXVI, lan PTPN XXIX ing taun 1996. Déné PTPN XII papan oprasiné ana 34 kebon kang sumebar ing 11 kabupatèn ing Jawa Wétan, awit saka Ngawi nganti Banyuwangi kanthi amba tumeka 80.928 héktar.<ref name=":0" /> == Fauna == Ing papan wisata iki saliyané nyumadyakaké éndahing tanduran tèh uga ana jinis-jinising kéwan, kayata, kutilang (Pynonotus aurigaster), drekuku (Streptopelia chinensis), jalak gunung (Sturnus sp), elang jawa (Spizactus bartelsii), pitik alas (Gallus gallus), darès (Tyto sp), budheng (Resbytis cristata), landak (Hystrix branchyura), kidang (Muntiacus muntjak), lan ula (Serpentes).<ref name=":2" /> == Parékonomèn == === Tenaga kerja === Binukaké papan wisata iki nggawa berkah kanggo masarakat sacedhaké kebon tèh iki, kebon tèh iki wus jinasa akèh sajroning nyerep tenaga kerja saka masarakat lan ngedunké angka pangangguran. Umur wong kang bisa kerja ing papan wisata iki sathithiké 17 taun lan saakèhé 50 taun. Ana rong jinis karyawan kang ana ing kebon iki, yaiku karyawan tetep lan karyawan usuman. Karyawan tetep yaiku karyawan kang manggon ing kebon iki, déné karyawan usuman yaiku karyawan kang asalé saka panggon kang adoh saka désa mapané kebon tèh iku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radarjombang.jawapos.com/opini/661014951/kualitas-hidup-masyarakat-sekitar-perkebunan-teh-wonosari|title=Kualitas Hidup Masyarakat Sekitar Perkebunan Teh Wonosari|last=RW|first=Achmad|date=2022-07-12|website=Jawa Pos Radar Jombang|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> === Ékspor === Watara 90% produk Kebon Tèh Wanasari ngisi pasar manca, jinis tèh saka kebon iki sinaing kanthi produk-produk saka Kénya, India, lan Cina. Produk tèh iku dipasaraké menyang Malaysia, India, Singapura, Pakistan, lan Éropa. Saben tauné kebon iki masok tèh kira-kira 800-900 ton menyang pirang-pirang nagara kanthi rega Rp.29.000,- saben kiloné, amung 2-3% saka 800 ton iku kang diproduksi ing jero nagara kanthi mèrek Teh Rollas. Déné produk tèh Wanasari kang dipasarake ing manca diwènèhi cap SAR, tèh iku biasané dumadi salah siji bahan kanggo nggawé tèh seduh utawa tèh celup.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://health.kompas.com/read/2012/01/15/21483479/teh-wonosari-isi-pasar-luar-negeri|title=Teh Wonosari Isi Pasar Luar Negeri|last=Cahyaningrum|first=Siwi Yunita|date=2012-01-15|website=Kompas.com|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beritajatim.com/ekbis/kebun-teh-wonosari-lawang-hasilkan-800-ton-teh-siap-ekspor/|title=Kebun Teh Wonosari Lawang Hasilkan 800 Ton Teh Siap Ekspor|last=Wijoto|first=Ribut|date=2019-04-25|website=Berita Jatim|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> == Wayah operasional lan karcis mlebu == Wayah operasional papan wisata iki yaiku bukak wiwit tabuh 06.00 tumeka tabuh 17.00 WIB (Waktu Indonesia Barat). Kanthi béya retribusi ing dina Senèn tumeka Jemuwah Rp.8000,-, déné Setu lan Minggu Rp.12.000,-. Sauntara béya parkiré yaiku Rp.3000,- kanggo pit montor, lan Rp.5000,- kanggo mobil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jatim.idntimes.com/travel/destination/alvi-nur-jannah/informasi-wisata-kebun-teh-wonosari-c1c2?page=all|title=Informasi Wisata Kebun Teh Wonosari: Rute, Tiket, Daya Tarik dan Tips|last=Jannah|first=Alvi Nur|date=2023-02-04|website=IDN Times Jatim|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> == Sarana lan wahana == Ana pirang-pirang sarana kang bisa dipigunakaké ing papan wisata iki kayata, papan parkir, kakus umum, langgar, omah mangan, toko sovenir, lan panginepan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dolanyok.com/kebun-teh-wonosari/|title=Wisata Petik Teh Di Kebun Teh Wonosari Malang Jawa Timur|date=2023-10-12|website=Dolan Yok|access-date=2023-10-14|archive-date=2023-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012171326/https://dolanyok.com/kebun-teh-wonosari/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saliyané iku uga ana pirang-pirang sarana lan wahana jejangkepan kang bisa dinikmati para wisatawan kayata pamandu wisata (Rp.60.000,-), kolam renang (dina kerja Rp.10.000,-, pungkasaning minggu Rp.12.000,-), sepur kelinci (Rp.10.000,-), mobil ATV utawa skuter (Rp.50.000,-), sepédhah gunung, jaran wisata, ''flying fox,'' lan mobil rémot (Rp25.000,-).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yoursay.suara.com/ulasan/2023/04/05/150155/mengunjungi-wisata-agro-wonosari-kebun-teh-nge-hits-di-malang|title=Mengunjungi Wisata Agro Wonosari, Kebun Teh Nge-Hits di Malang!|last=Ningrum|first=Oktavia|date=2023-04-05|website=Yoursay|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> == Cathetan suku == [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Wétan]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] bgvtcg7dpsebi69ljekbezgiwce2n0w Grojogan Coban Lanang 0 195103 1759988 1742029 2026-11-05T20:06:17Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox park | name = Grojogan Coban Lanang <br> | image = | image_caption = | map = | map_caption = | map_label = | type = Wisata alam | location = Jl.Bromo, Dhusun Ngujung, Kecamatan Pandanrejo, Kacamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu, Propinsi Jawa Wétan | coordinates = | area = | owner = | operator = | visitation_num = | status = Saben dina (07.00-17.00 WIB) | opened = | awards = | designation = | open = | created = | height = | height_longest = | number_drops = | average_flow = | facilities = * Parkir * Mushola * Warung panganan * ''Spot'' foto * ''Gazebo'' * Kamar mandhi }} '''Grojogan Coban Lanang''' ya iku salah sawijining wisata grojogan ing Kutha Batu. Grojogan iki dumunung ing Jl.Bromo, Dhusun Ngujung, Kecamatan Pandanrejo, Kacamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu, Propinsi [[Jawa Wétan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jatim/wisata/d-6870251/menikmati-pesona-cantiknya-air-terjun-coban-lanang-kota-batu|title=Menikmati Pesona Cantiknya Air Terjun Coban Lanang Kota Batu|last=Ibrahim|first=M. Bagus|website=detikjatim|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112081256/https://www.detik.com/jatim/wisata/d-6870251/menikmati-pesona-cantiknya-air-terjun-coban-lanang-kota-batu|archive-date=2026-01-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jarak mênyang wisata Grojogan Coban Lanang watara 22 kilomètêr saka kutha Malang, kanthi wektu tempuh watara 50 menit. Yen mangkat saka Surabaya jarake watara 90 kilomètêr, diwiwiti saka Pandaan banjur mênyang Lawang, banjur mênyang Singosari, banjur nganti tekan pos polisi lampu abang. Pilih dalan kiwa mênyang Jl. Karang Loh, terus mênyang Pasar Tugu, terus tekan pos polisi, banjur belok nengen terus mênyang Alun-alun Kota Batu. Jarak saka Alun-alun Kota Batu mênyang lokasi wisata mung watara 4,8 kilomètêr, kanthi wektu tempuh watara 10 menit. Wisatawan sing teka bisa nggunakake kendaraan roda loro utawa roda papat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jatim.idntimes.com/travel/destination/alvi-nur-jannah/info-air-terjun-coban-lanang-c1c2|title=Info Air Terjun Coban Lanang: Rute, Wahana, Harga Tiket, dan Tips|last=Times|first=I. D. N.|last2=Jannah|first2=Alvi Nur|website=IDN Times|language=In-Id|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-date=2022-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224012957/https://jatim.idntimes.com/travel/destination/alvi-nur-jannah/info-air-terjun-coban-lanang-c1c2|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeindonesia.com/coban-lanang/|title=Coban Lanang, Wisata Alam Yang Masih Asri di Batu Malang - NativeIndonesia.com|date=2023-09-21|website=www.nativeindonesia.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> == Kahanan umum == Grojogan Coban Lanang bukak saben dina, wiwit jam 08.00-17.00 WIB. Kanggo tiket mlebu wisata, pengunjung mung kudu mbayar Rp 10.000 saben wong. Dene bocah-bocah sing sangisore limang taun bisa mlebu kanthi bebas alias gratis. Sarana sing bisa dinikmati pengunjung ing wisata Coban Lanang yai ku, kamar mandhi, mushola, parkir lan gazebo sing sumebar ing sawetara lokasi wisata. Saka gazebo pengunjung bisa nikmati pemandangan alam Coban Lanang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mataraman.tribunnews.com/2022/12/05/air-terjun-coban-lanang-alternatif-wisata-di-kota-batu-yang-murah-meriah|title=Air Terjun Coban Lanang, Alternatif Wisata di Kota Batu yang Murah Meriah|website=Tribunmataraman.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Kajaba iku, kasedhiya spot foto. Ana uga warung panganan sing papan lungguhe diubengi taman kembang lan wit-witan. Saliyane iku, uga ana kolam renang cilik kanggo pengunjung sing pengin nglangi. Nanging, ing jero wisata grojogan iki durung ana panginêpan. Dalan akses mênyang Grojogan wis diaspal kanthi rapi, pengunjung banjur nyabrang kreteg kayu Colanjung. Banjur mlaku 20 mètêr utawa udakara 5 menit. Bar iku pengunjung bakal ngliwati 56 undhak-undhakan. Grojogan iki dhuwuré watara 15-20 mètêr.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesindonesia.co.id/wisata/460773/coban-lanang-tawarkan-kesejukan-alam-kota-batu|title=Coban Lanang Tawarkan Kesejukan Alam Kota Batu|last=Pornomo|first=Mohammad Dian|date=2023-06-11|website=timesindonesia.co.id|language=|archive-date=2023-20-13|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Jeneng grojogan Coban Lanang dhewe asale saka jeneng telung tuk (mata air) grojogan iki, yaiku Kali Lanang. Kali Lanang iki nyambung karo kali Brantas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jatim.tribunnews.com/2022/12/04/harga-tiket-masuk-air-terjun-coban-lanang-wisata-murah-meriah-di-tengah-kota-batu|title=Harga Tiket Masuk Air Terjun Coban Lanang, Wisata Murah Meriah di Tengah Kota Batu|website=Tribunjatim.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Wisata Grojogan Coban Lanang diwiwiti saka asil kolaborasi antarane masyarakat lokal, Badan Usaha Milik Desa lan perusahaan Grup Kaliwatu sing nduweni tugas ngatur panggonan wisata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tugumalang.id/coban-lanang-eksotisme-air-terjun-di-tengah-kota-batu/|title=Coban Lanang, Eksotisme Air Terjun di Tengah Kota Batu - Tugumalang.id|date=2023-04-11|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> == Uga delengen == * [[Grojogan Coban Randha]] * [[Grojogan Coban Jahe]] * [[Grojogan Putri Nglirip]] * [[Grojogan Rara Kuning]] == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Wétan]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] qpj97df6lvvgmymffyx5opd68pvdpiw Grojogan Madakaripura 0 195126 1759992 1731648 2026-11-05T20:07:53Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox park | name = Grojogan Madakaripura <br> | image = Madakaripura Waterfall - Indonesia.jpg | image_caption = | map = | map_caption = | map_label = | type = Wisata alam | location = Désa Negororejo, Kacamatan Lumbang, Kabupaten Prabalingga, Propinsi Jawa Wétan | coordinates = {{coord|7|51|20.3|S|113|00|26.0|E|type:waterbody_region:ID|display=inline,title}} | area = | owner = | operator = | visitation_num = | status = Saben dina (07.00-16.00 WIB) | opened = 1991 | awards = | designation = | open = | created = | height = | height_longest = | number_drops = | average_flow = | facilities = }} '''Grojogan Madakaripura''' minangka salah sawijining wisata grojogan ing [[Kabupatèn Prabalingga|Prabalingga]]. Wisata iki ana ing Desa Negororejo, Kacamatan Lumbang, Kabupaten Prabalingga, Provinsi Jawa Wetan. Lokasi Grojogan Madakaripura kalebu ing kawasan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tugujatim.id/air-terjun-madakaripura-probolinggo-jam-buka-2023/|title=Menyusuri Keajaiban Tersembunyi Air Terjun Madakaripura Probolinggo, Cek Jam Buka dan Harga Tiket Terbaru 2023 - Tugujatim.id|date=2023-05-10|language=en-US|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> Grojogan iki wis dijenengi grojogan paling dhuwur ing Jawa, kanthi dhuwur watara 200 mèter lan jembaré watara 25 mèter.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://radarbromo.jawapos.com/features/amp/1001626722/air-terjun-madakaripura-tempat-akhir-hayat-patih-gajah-mada|title=Air Terjun Madakaripura, Tempat Akhir Hayat Patih Gajah Mada|last=Arifin|first=Jawanto|date=2022-07-22|work=Radar Bromo|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jatim.times.co.id/news/wisata/rddotn0dvg/Madakaripura-Air-Terjun-Tertinggi-di-Jawa-Di-Balik-Kisah-Gajah-Mada|title=Madakaripura, Air Terjun Tertinggi di Jawa, Di Balik Kisah Gajah Mada|last=Jatim|first=TIMES|website=TIMES Jatim|language=id|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> == Kahanan umum == Turis sing teka ing wisata Madakaripura bisa nggunakake kendaraan umum utawa pribadi. Yen nggunakake kendaraan umum, pengunjung bisa miwiti perjalanan saka terminal Prabalingga, banjur numpak kendaraan mênyang Desa Lumbung. Sawisé iku, mênyang Lumbung terus mênyang Bromo. Mêngko pengunjung bisa mandheg ing ngarep lawang mlebu wisata Grojogan Madakaripura. Pengunjung sing nggunakake kendaraan pribadi bisa ngliwati jalur Prabalingga-Bromo, liwat wilayah Tongas. Sajrone perjalanan, pengunjung bakal nemokake pertigaan Sukapura, banjur belok nengen lan terus mênyang wilayah Lumbung. Tekan Pasar Lubung, pengunjung mung belok nengen. Banjur terus nganti tekan lawang mlebu wisata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://katadata.co.id/redaksi/berita/6122f3766bef2/pesona-wisata-alam-di-air-terjun-madakaripura-probolinggo|title=Pesona Wisata Alam di Air Terjun Madakaripura Probolinggo - Nasional Katadata.co.id|date=2021-08-25|website=katadata.co.id|language=id|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> Nalika mlebu wisata Grojogan Madakaripura, pengunjung bakal disambut dening rong reca Patih Gajah Mada. Patung pisanan nggambarake Mahapatih ngadeg jejeg sinambi ngacungake kerise. Banjur reca kapindho nuduhake Mahapatih lungguh semedi. Anane reca iki minangka sejarahe grojogan Madakaripura.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jatim/wisata/d-6310970/daya-tarik-air-terjun-madakaripura-probolinggo-tempat-bertapa-gajah-mada|title=Daya Tarik Air Terjun Madakaripura Probolinggo, Tempat Bertapa Gajah Mada|last=Rofiq|first=M.|website=detikjatim|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-14|archive-date=2023-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014163558/https://www.detik.com/jatim/wisata/d-6310970/daya-tarik-air-terjun-madakaripura-probolinggo-tempat-bertapa-gajah-mada|url-status=dead}}</ref> Papan Grojogan Madakaripura ana ing ujung lembah sing wujude relung, papan iki tepate ing lereng Gunung Bromo kanthi dhuwur 1000 mèter saka lumahing sagara (permukaan air laut). Grojogan iki diubengi tebing dhuwur sing kebak lumut. Wisata grojogan iki dibukak wiwit taun 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travelspromo.com/htm-wisata/air-terjun-madakaripura-probolinggo/|title=AIR TERJUN MADAKARIPURA Tiket dan Aktivitas Oktober 2023|last=Dewi|date=2023-10-05|website=TravelsPromo|language=id|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> Kanggo tekan grojogan utama, pengunjung kudu mlaku watara 1,5 kilomèter utawa udakara 20 menit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kemenparekraf.go.id/ragam-pariwisata/air-terjun-madakaripura-tempat-bertapa-gadjah-mada|title=Air Terjun Madakaripura, Tempat Bertapa Gadjah Mada|website=Kemenparekraf/Baparekraf RI|language=id|access-date=2023-10-14|archive-date=2023-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014163600/https://www.kemenparekraf.go.id/ragam-pariwisata/air-terjun-madakaripura-tempat-bertapa-gadjah-mada|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sajrone lelungan mênyang grojogan, pengunjung bakal weruh panorama bukit lan aliran kali. Nyedhaki lokasi grojogan utama, pengunjung bakal nemokake grojogan langsir ing pinggir dalan. Wujudipun grojogan langsir menika dipunsebabaken saking pancuran banyu saking sela-sela perengan. Mula iku, para pengunjung diprayogakake nganggo jas udan supaya ora têlês kêbês.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://disporaparbud.probolinggokab.go.id/air%20terjun%20madakaripura.html|title=Dinas Pemuda, Olahraga, Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan|website=disporaparbud.probolinggokab.go.id|access-date=2023-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718024018/https://disporaparbud.probolinggokab.go.id/air%20terjun%20madakaripura.html|archive-date=2022-07-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing papan wisata Grojogan Madakaripura ugi wonten bakul jas udan, kanthi ragad kira-kira Rp 5.000. Kajaba iku, ana pelindung HP sing regane kira-kira Rp. 20.000-Rp 25.000. == Tiket lan sarana == Kanggo mlebu wisata Grojogan Madakaripura, pengunjung dikenai karcis wisata Rp. 22.000 kanggo warga lokal, lan Rp 45.000 kanggo turis mancanagara. Wisata iki bukak saben dina, wiwit jam 07.00-16.00 WIB.<ref name=":0" /> Sarana ingkang wonten ing tlatah wisata Grojogan Madakaripura inggih menika warung jajanan, papan nyewa payung uga plastik, kamar mandi lan sarana liyane.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://petrokimia-gresik.com/news/air-terjun-madakaripura|title=AIR TERJUN MADAKARIPURA|website=PT. Petrokimia Gresik|language=en-US|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> == Mitos == Jeneng Grojogan Madakaripura dijupuk saka mitos ingkang sumêbar ing masyarakat. Kacarita grojogan iki minangka papan semedi kang pungkasan dening Mahapatih Gajah Mada. Adhedhasar prastawa iku, jeneng Madakaripura dijupuk. Madakaripura dumadi saka telung tembung, “Mada” iku kapethik saka jeneng Gajah Mada, “Kari” tegesé pusaka lan “Pura” tegesé semedi utawa donga. Mitos menika ingkang njalari grojogan iki dipunsebat Madakaripura.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeindonesia.com/air-terjun-madakaripura/|title=Air Terjun Madakaripura, Penuh Mitos, Penuh Dengan Keindahan|date=2021-06-06|website=www.nativeindonesia.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> Mitose Gajah Mada pikantuk dhaerah punika minangka peparingipun Hayam Wuruk, ya iku raja Majapahit. Wilayah iki diwènèhaké marang Mahapatih sawisé Perang Bubat. Gadah Mada nglampahi sisa panguripane wonten ing tlatah Grojogan Madakaripura. Grojogan iki minangka papan leren pungkasanipun Mahapatih Gajah Mada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/05/27/232327178/air-terjun-madakaripura-air-terjun-tertinggi-di-pulau-jawa|title=Air Terjun Madakaripura, Air Terjun Tertinggi di Pulau Jawa Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2022-05-27|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> Mitos iki sing ndadekake panggonan iki suci. Ing kasunyatan, grojogan Madakaripura digunakake minangka papan kanggo ritual Mendak Tirta Yadnya Kasada ing taun 1944 Saka. Ing grojogan Madakaripura, warga sakitar tumeka gwae ngumpulaken tirta.<ref name=":0" /> == Uga delengen == * [[Grojogan Coban Lanang]] * [[Grojogan Coban Randha]] * [[Grojogan Coban Rais]] * [[Grojogan Watu Lapis]] * [[Grojogan Dlundung]] == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Wétan]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] kvxtn6a5h93adntksqh6ajz5oxvedil Microsoft Azure 0 196245 1760285 1676811 2026-11-06T11:38:50Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox software | logo = [[Barkas:Microsoft Azure.svg]] | logo size = 100px | name = Microsoft Azure | developer = [[Microsoft]] | website = {{Official URL}} | license = ''Proprietary'' kanggo platform, [[MIT License]] kanggo klien [[Software development kit|SDKs]] | released = {{Start date and age|2008|10|27}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introducing Windows Azure |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/windowsazure/archive/2008/10/27/introducing-windows-azure.aspx |date=27 Oct 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514093158/http://blogs.msdn.com/windowsazure/archive/2008/10/27/introducing-windows-azure.aspx |archive-date=May 14, 2010 |website=msdn.com |last1=Srivastava |first1=Amitabh |url-status=dead |access-date=April 3, 2021 }}</ref> | operating system = [[Linux]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[macOS]], [[iOS]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]] | genre = [[Web service]], [[cloud computing]] }} '''Microsoft Azure''', asring sinebat '''Azure''' mawon, inggih punika platform [[komputasi awan]] ingkang dipun-ngembangaken dening [[Microsoft]]. Platform punika nyawisaken manajemen, akses, saha pangembangan aplikasi lan layanan lumantar infrastruktur global-ipun. Platform punika ugi nyawisaken manéka kapabilitas, kalebet [[software minangka layanan]] (SaaS), [[platform minangka layanan]] (PaaS), lan [[infrastruktur minangka layanan]] (IaaS). Microsoft Azure nyengkuyung kathah [[basa pamrograman]], ''tools'', lan ''frameworks'', kalebet [[Piranti alus|piranti lunak]] lan sistem Microsoft lan pihak ketiga. Azure dipunperkenalaken sepisan ing Professional Developers Conference (PDC) wulan Oktober 2008 kanthi kodenama "Project Red Dog".<ref name=":1">{{cite news |last=Abandy |first=Roosevelt |date=Aug 24, 2022 |title=The History of Microsoft Azure |language=en-US |work=Microsoft Tech Community |url=https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/educator-developer-blog/the-history-of-microsoft-azure/ba-p/3574204 |access-date=August 1, 2023 |archive-date=August 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801111542/https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/educator-developer-blog/the-history-of-microsoft-azure/ba-p/3574204 |url-status=live }}</ref> Platform punika dipunluncuraken sacara resmi minangka Windows Azure ing wulan Februari 2010 lan salajengipun dipungantos nami dados Microsoft Azure ing tanggal 25 Maret 2014.<ref name="anya">{{cite news |last=Tharakan |first=Anya George and Dastin, Jeffery |date=October 20, 2016 |title=Microsoft shares hit high as cloud business flies above estimates |newspaper=Reuters |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-microsoft-results-idUKKCN12K2JC |access-date=October 21, 2016 |archive-date=June 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626192331/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-microsoft-results-idUKKCN12K2JC |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="renaming">{{cite web |date=March 24, 2014 |title=Upcoming Name Change for Windows Azure |url=https://azure.microsoft.com/ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726184658/https://azure.microsoft.com/ |archive-date=July 26, 2018 |access-date=August 29, 2016 |publisher=Microsoft Azure}}</ref> Microsoft Azure ngginakaken [[virtualisasi]] skala ageng ing [[pusat data]] Microsoft ing saindhenging donya lan nyawisaken langkung saking 600 layanan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/|title=Directory of Azure Cloud Services &#124; Microsoft Azure|website=azure.microsoft.com|accessdate=May 9, 2023|archive-date=May 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511035409/https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Desain== Microsoft Azure ngginakaken sistem operasi khusus kanthi nami ingkang sami kangge nguwaosi "lapisan fabric"-ipun. Kluster punika dipun-host ing [[pusat data]] Microsoft lan tanggel jawab kangge ngelola sumber daya komputasi lan panyimpenan sarta magehanipun dhateng aplikasi ingkang mlampah ing platform Microsoft Azure. Punika inggih "lapisan awan" ingkang dipunbangun ing inggil manéka sistem [[Windows Server]], kalebet Microsoft Azure Hypervisor ingkang dipunkustomisasi, ingkang adhedhasar Windows Server 2008 lan ngidini virtualisasi layanan.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |author=Petertaylor9999 |title=Enterprise Cloud Adoption: How does Azure work? |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/cloud-adoption/getting-started/what-is-azure |access-date=2018-10-29 |website=docs.microsoft.com |language=en-US |archive-date=October 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029191639/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/cloud-adoption/getting-started/what-is-azure |url-status=live }}</ref> Microsoft Azure Fabric Controller njagi skalabilitas lan keandalan layanan lan lingkungan ing pusat data. Punika nyegah kegagalan ing malfungsi server lan ngelola aplikasi web pangguna, kalebet [[alokasi memori]] lan [[panyeimbangan beban]] (''load balancing'').<ref name=":0" /> Pangguna saged ngelola layanan Azure kanthi manéka cara, salah satunggalipun inggih lumantar Azure Portal berbasis web, ingkang dados umum dipunakses ing wulan Desember 2015.<ref>{{cite web |last=Welicki |first=Leon |title=Announcing Azure Portal general availability |date=December 2, 2015 |url=https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/announcing-azure-portal-general-availability/ |access-date=December 23, 2015 |publisher=Microsoft |archive-date=December 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223191129/https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/announcing-azure-portal-general-availability/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kejawi ngakses layanan lumantar [[API]], pangguna saged browsing sumber daya aktif, nyetel pengaturan, ngluncuraken sumber daya enggal, lan ningali data pantauan utama saking mesin virtual lan layanan ingkang mlampah mawi portal punika. ==Sitiran== p28pycbqeq7b99qxk8zuuftvejifksw Gentala Arasy 0 196253 1759970 1710583 2026-11-05T19:06:21Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759970 wikitext text/x-wiki  [[Barkas:Bob-Kerrey-Pedestrian-Bridge.jpg|jmpl| Jembatan Gentala Arasy ing Wengi]] [[Barkas:Jmbtn_pdstrian_gntl_arsy.jpg|jmpl|200x200px| Jembatan Pedestrian (Jembatan Gentala Arasy) nyambung menyang Menara Gentala Arasy]] Kesambung karo menara kasebut ana kreteg ngo malku utawa luwih dikenal minangka ''Jembatan Gentala Arasy'' sing nyabrang Kali Batanghari. Kreteg iku nyambungake Tepian Tanggo Rajo menyang Jambi, Kutha Seberang. Kreteg Gentala Arasy minangka kreteg pejalan kaki pisanan sing nduweni kontur mlengkung kaya huruf ''S'', dadi beda karo kreteg umume. Jembatan Gentala Arasy dibangun kanthi anggaran Rp 88,7 milyar sajrone telung taun fiskal 2012-2014. Gedhung iki minangka proyek saka pamaréntahan Hasan Basri Agus, lan diresmikake dening Wakil Presiden RI nalika iku, [[Muhammad Jusuf Kalla|Jusuf Kalla,]] tanggal 28 Maret 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jambiprov.go.id/profil-kota-jambi-.html|title=PEMERINTAH PROVINSI JAMBI|date=2023-02-23|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2024-06-08|archive-date=2023-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223141139/https://jambiprov.go.id/profil-kota-jambi-.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Jembatan penghubung iki dawane 503 meter lan ambane 4,5 meter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20150328010027-269-42550/menara-gentala-arasy-ikon-baru-kota-jambi|title=Menara Gentala Arasy, Ikon Baru Kota Jambi|last=Hasibuan|first=Noor Aspasia|website=gaya hidup|language=id-ID|access-date=2024-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/xml/2015/03/28/12394861/Wapres.Resmikan.Gentala.Arasy.Ikon.Baru.Kota.Jambi|title=Wapres Resmikan Gentala Arasy, Ikon Baru Kota Jambi|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2015-03-28|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2024-06-08}}</ref> == Katrangan == Jeneng Gentala Arasy asale saka telung tembung, yaiku ''genta'' sing tegese swara, ''tala'' sing tegese harmoni, lan ''arasy'' sing tegese kumandhang menyang [[langit]]. Dados tegesipun Gentala Arasy inggih menika unen-unen ingkang salaras lan gumunggung ing langit. Swara iki asale saka lonceng menara Gentala Arasy kang ndadekake swara minangka tandha wektu sholat fardhu kanggo [[Muslim|umat Islam]] ing [[Kutha Jambi]]. Selain iku, Gentala Arasy uga minangka akronim saka ''Genah Tanah Lair Abdurrahman Sayoeti'' . ''Genah'' dhewe ing Malayu Jambi iku sawijining panggonan. Abdurrahman Sayoeti iku salah sijiné gubernur Jambi sing lair ing Jambi, Kutha Seberang. Dheweke njabat ing taun 1989-1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oyorooms.com/travel-guide/id/jalan-kaki-melintasi-sungai-terpanjang-di-sumatra/|title=Jalan Kaki Melintasi Sungai Terpanjang di Sumatra|date=2020-01-31|website=OYO Indonesia Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2024-06-08}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Gladri == <gallery> Barkas:Bendera_Indonesia_di_Gentala_Arasy.jpg|pra=Berkas:Bendera_Indonesia_di_Gentala_Arasy.jpg|al=Pengibaran Bendera Merah Putih Di Jembatan Gentala Arasy|Pengibaran Bendera Merah Putih ing Jembatan Gentala Arasy Barkas:Salah_satu_tiang_jembatan_Gentala_Arasy.jpg|pra=Berkas:Salah_satu_tiang_jembatan_Gentala_Arasy.jpg|al=Salah Satu Tiang Jembatan Gentala Arasy Di Malam Hari|Salah siji Menoro Gentala Arasy ing Tiang Jembatan Wengi Barkas:Gentala_arasy_saat_senja.jpg|pra=Berkas:Gentala_arasy_saat_senja.jpg|al=Jembatan Gentala Arasy Saat Senja|Gentala Arasy ing Jambi </gallery> == Deloken sisan == * [[Musiyum Menara Gentala Arasy|Museum Menara Gentala Arasy]] == Referensi == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Kutha Jambi]] iofx4qsiuamo71m7v3xx0nrr37wgbmn LinkedIn 0 196268 1760242 1677024 2026-11-06T09:10:05Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = LinkedIn Corporation | logo = LinkedIn 2021.svg | logo_caption = Logo wiwit September 2021 | logo_size = 200px | screenshot = LinkedIn Headquarters Sunnyvale.jpg | caption = Markas ageng ing [[Sunnyvale, California]] | founder = {{ubl|[[Reid Hoffman]]|[[Eric Ly]]}} | num_users = | launch_date = {{start date and age|2003|05|05}} | website_type = Jejaringan profesional | parent = [[Microsoft]] | CEO = [[Ryan Roslansky]] }} '''LinkedIn''' punika platform [[media sosial]] ingkang fokus dhateng [[bisnis]] lan padamelan ingkang mlampah kanthi ngginakaken situs web lan aplikasi seluler. Platform punika dipunluncuraken nalika tanggal 5 Mei 2003 dening [[Reid Hoffman]] lan Eric Ly.<ref name="about">{{cite web|url=http://press.linkedin.com/about/|title=About|year=2015|publisher=LinkedIn Corporation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201020229/http://press.linkedin.com/about|archive-date=December 1, 2014|access-date=March 5, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wiwit Desember 2016, LinkedIn sampun dados anak perusahaan ingkang dipunkuwaosi dening [[Microsoft]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.microsoft.com/announcement/microsoft-buys-linkedin/|title=Microsoft buys LinkedIn|website=Stories|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525121358/https://news.microsoft.com/announcement/microsoft-buys-linkedin/|archive-date=May 25, 2023|access-date=2023-05-25|url-status=live}}</ref> Platform punika dipunginakaken kangge networking profesional lan pengembangan karir, sarta ngidini pados padamelan kangge masang CV-nipun lan perusahaan kangge masang lowongan kerja. Wiwit taun 2015, kathah pendapatan perusahaan ingkang asalipun saking nyade akses informasi babagan anggotanipun dhateng para recruiter lan sales profesional.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Lemann|first=Nicholas|date=October 12, 2015|title=Reid Hoffman's Big Dreams for LinkedIn|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/10/12/the-network-man|magazine=The New Yorker|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501130925/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/10/12/the-network-man|archive-date=May 1, 2021|access-date=October 10, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> LinkedIn gadhah langkung saking 1 miliar anggota ingkang ndhaftar saking langkung saking 200 negara lan wilayah.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://about.linkedin.com/|title=About LinkedIn|publisher=LinkedIn Corporation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528075044/https://about.linkedin.com/|archive-date=May 28, 2021|access-date=February 12, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> LinkedIn ngidini para anggota (karyawan lan perusahaan) ndamel profil lan ngubungaken setunggal kaliyan sanesipun ing salebeting jejaring sosial online ingkang saged makili hubungan profesional ing donya nyata. Anggota saged ngundang sinten kemawon (saged anggota ingkang sampun wonten utawi dereng) supados dados koneksi. LinkedIn ugi saged dipunginakaken kangge ngatur acara offline, gabung klompok, nyerat artikel, masang lowongan kerja, masang foto lan video, lan sanesipun.<ref name="Help.linkedin.com">{{cite web|url=https://help.linkedin.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/1386|title=Account Restricted|date=December 20, 2013|publisher=LinkedIn Help Center|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819030609/https://www.linkedin.com/help/linkedin?lang=en|archive-date=August 19, 2020|access-date=June 13, 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> LinkedIn mliginipun cocok sanget kangge [[personal branding]], ingkang miturut Sandra Long, nglibataken "ngatur kanthi aktif citra lan nilai unik setunggal tiyang" kangge posisikaken dhirinipun kangge kesempatan karir.<ref name="twsLong1212">{{cite book|title=LinkedIn for Personal Branding: The Ultimate Guide|last=Long|first=Sandra|date=2016|publisher=HGP Publishing|isbn=9781938015434|location=New York City|page=3,6,18,23,25,73,74,133}}</ref> LinkedIn sampun nglampahi evolusi saking namung dados platform kangge pados padamelan dados jejaring sosial ingkang maringi kesempatan dhateng pangguna kangge ndamel merek pribadi.<ref name="twsSA101">{{cite news|url=https://www.stamfordadvocate.com/business/article/Indeed-adding-to-job-searching-workforce-in-6856716.php|title=Indeed adding to job-searching workforce in Stamford|last=Soule|first=Alexander|date=February 28, 2016|newspaper=Stamford Advocate|access-date=August 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818221822/https://www.stamfordadvocate.com/business/article/Indeed-adding-to-job-searching-workforce-in-6856716.php|archive-date=August 18, 2019|quote='... LinkedIn is a social network,' said Sandra Long, who provides LinkedIn training through her Post Road Consulting, which has offices in Westport and Stamford '... LinkedIn has also evolved into a platform for sales hand other business professionals to manage a personal "brand" ... you can identify the exact people you know that are connected to that opportunity.'...|url-status=live}}</ref> Pelatih karir Pamela Green ngandharaken merek pribadi minangka "pengalaman emosional ingkang panjenengan kersakaken tiyang supados ngraosaken minangka asil saking interaksi kaliyan panjenengan," lan profil LinkedIn minangka salah satunggaling aspek saking merek punika.<ref name="twsAN112">{{cite web|url=https://associationsnow.com/2019/08/asae19-strengthen-your-personal-brand/|title=#ASAE19: STRENGTHEN YOUR PERSONAL BRAND|last=Shoop|first=Julie|date=August 12, 2019|publisher=Associations Now|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818221820/https://associationsnow.com/2019/08/asae19-strengthen-your-personal-brand/|archive-date=August 18, 2019|access-date=August 19, 2019|quote=...Green ... describes a personal brand as 'the emotional experience you want people to have as a result of interacting with you.'...|url-status=live}}</ref> Laporan ingkang kontras nyaranaken bilih merek pribadi inggih punika "persona ingkang madhep dhateng publik, ingkang dipuntampilaken ing LinkedIn, Twitter, lan jejaring sosial sanesipun, ingkang nedahaken keahlian lan ngupakara koneksi enggal."<ref name="twsWSH4433">{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-social-media-guide-for-introverts-11565575740|title=A Social-Media Guide for Introverts|last=Samuel|first=Alexandra|date=August 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819014036/https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-social-media-guide-for-introverts-11565575740|archive-date=August 19, 2019|access-date=August 19, 2019|quote=... a 'personal brand': a public-facing persona, exhibited on LinkedIn, Twitter and other networks, that showcases expertise and fosters new connections....|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url-status=live}}</ref> LinkedIn ugi ngidini pangguna kangge neliti [[perusahaan]], [[organisasi nirlaba]], lan [[Pamaréntah|pamarentah]] ingkang saged narik kawigatosan kangge dipunpakaryo. Ngetik nami perusahaan utawi organisasi ing kothak pencarian ndadosaken data pop-up babagan perusahaan utawi organisasi kasebut njedul. Data kasebut saged ngemot rasio karyawan estri dhateng jaler, persentase jabatan/posisi ingkang paling umum ingkang dipuncepeng ing salebeting perusahaan, lokasi kantor pusat lan kantor perusahaan, sarta dhaftar karyawan ingkang taksih aktif lan mantan karyawan. Nalika Juli 2011, LinkedIn ngluncuraken fitur enggal ingkang ngidini perusahaan ngemot tombol "Apply with LinkedIn" ing kaca lowongan kerja.[138] Plugin enggal punika ngidini calon karyawan kangge nlamar posisi ngginakaken profil LinkedIn-ipun minangka resume.<ref name="Plugin">Colleen Taylor, GigaOm. "[http://gigaom.com/2011/07/25/apply-with-linkedin-button-launches/ LinkedIn launches job application plugin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008130541/http://gigaom.com/2011/07/25/apply-with-linkedin-button-launches/|date=October 8, 2011}}." July 25, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2011.</ref> The new plugin allowed potential employees to apply for positions using their LinkedIn profiles as resumes.<ref name="Plugin" /> == Sitiran == phm3j189q9na5cnd1hhad6tq3c5ko5e Gisele Bündchen 0 196320 1759982 1713821 2026-11-05T19:42:38Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759982 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Gisele Bundchen-011 (16251942456) (cropped2).jpg|thumb|Gisele Bündchen (2015)]] '''Gisele Caroline Bündchen''' (lair 20 Juli 1980) iku foto modhèl saka Brasil. Dhèwèké mènèhi dhukungan kanthi mbela sawetara sebab kamanungsan, utamane kekurangan gizi bayi, ([https://web.archive.org/web/20240619230044/https://bouillotte-bebe.fr/ nourrissons]), utamane aku wong Afrika, ing ngendi dhèwèké protes marang kurang perhatian marang korban AIDS ing Afrika [sumber sekunder sing dikarepake]. Ing taun 2006, dhèwèké dadi sukarelawan kanggo American Express Red Card [sumber sekunder sing dikarepake], inisiatif sing dienggo bareng karo Bono (saka grup U2) lan Bobby Schriver, supaya bisa ngirim persentase saka penghasilan sing dipikolehi liwat transaksi finansial kertu kredit iki. korban AIDS ing Afrika. [[Kategori:Lair 1980|Bündchen]] 4zruhjcgeabo5gvugh7nl85djobqbya Kopi Liberika 0 196355 1760190 1742244 2026-11-06T06:38:55Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox|name=''Coffea liberica''|image=Coffee tree chary.jpg|regnum=[[Plantae]]|unranked_subregnum=[[Tumbuhan berpembuluh|Tracheophyta]]|unranked_divisio=[[Tumbuhan berbunga|Angiospermae]]|unranked_classis=[[Eudikotil]]|unranked_ordo=[[Asterid]]|ordo=[[Gentianales]]|familia=[[Rubiaceae]]|genus=''[[Coffea]]''|species='''''C. liberica'''''|binomial=''Coffea liberica''|binomial_authority=[[William Philip Hiern|Hiern]]|synonyms=''Coffea dewevrei'' <small>De Wild. & T.Durand</small><br>''Coffea dybowskii'' <small>Pierre ex De Wild.</small><br/>''Coffea excelsa'' <small>A.Chev.</small>}}'''Kopi Liberika''' yaiku jinis [[kopi]] sing asale saka [[Libèria|Liberia]] lan [[Afrika Kulon]], sing uga dadi jeneng kopi iki. Kopi Liberica tuwuh liar ing wilayah Afrika kalebu Angola, Benin, Kamerun, Afrika Tengah, Kongo, Pantai Gading, Gabon, Gana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sao Tomé, Sierra Leone, Sudan, lan Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://diperpa.badungkab.go.id/artikel/http:/|title=Website Portal Resmi Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung|last=diskominfo@badungkab.go.id|website=Website Portal Resmi Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung|language=|access-date=2024-06-14}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kopi iki bisa tuwuh nganti dhuwur 9 meter saka lemah. Ing abad kaping 19, kopi jinis iki diimpor menyang [[Indhonésia|Indonesia]] kanggo ngganti kopi [[Kopi Arabika|Arabika]] sing diserang [[Hama penyakit|hama]]. == Sejarah ing Indonesia == Ing taun 1878 [[Walanda]] nggawa kopi Liberica menyang Indonesia kanggo ngganti tanduran kopi Arabika sing rusak amarga teyeng godhong utawa Hemelia vastatrixi (HV). Nanging, ing taun 1907, tanduran Liberica ngalami bab sing padha karo [[Kopi Arabika|Arabica]] . Meh kabeh perkebunan kopi Liberica sing ana ing dataran rendah rusak amarga penyakit teyeng godhong. Sanajan daya tahan kopi Liberica marang penyakit teyeng godhong luwih apik tinimbang Arabica, nanging ora tahan kaya kopi Robusta. Mula pamaréntah Walanda ngganti Liberika nganggo jinis [[Kopi Robusta|Robusta]].<ref name=":0"/> [[Barkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bloeiende_Liberia-koffie_geplant_in_april_1896_cultuuronderneming_Kedongdong_of_Way_Lima_Lampongse_Districten_Zuid-Sumatra._TMnr_60013379.jpg|al=Foto. Kopi liberika yang ditanam pada April 1896 sedang berbunga. Perkebunan Kedongdong, Way Lima, Lampung|jmpl| Foto. Kopi Liberica sing ditandur ing April 1896 lagi ngembang. Kebon Kedongdong, [[Way Lima, Pesawaran|Way Lima]], [[Lampung]]]] Wilayah [[Jawa Wétan|Jawa Timur]] minangka salah sawijining kanthong produksi kopi ing Indonesia, salah sawijining perkebunan kopi sing kondhang ing masyarakat yaiku perkebunan kopi ing Wilayah [[Geopark Ijen|Geopark]] Ijen [[Kabupatèn Banyuwangi|Banyuwangi]], kanthi Kabupaten Kalipuro minangka salah sawijining wilayah sing nduweni kopi cukup dhuwur. produktivitas. Salah sawijine kopi sing dibudidayakake masyarakat Kecamatan Kalipuro yaiku kopi Liberica (''Coffea liberica''), spesies sing kerep ditemokake ing wilayah sekitar alas nanging ora akeh dibudidayane kaya kopi Arabika utawa Robusta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tp.ub.ac.id/eksplorasi-kopi-liberika-dari-ujung-timur-pulau-jawa-kopi-penyelamat-lingkungan/|title=Eksplorasi Kopi Liberika dari Ujung Timur Pulau Jawa, Kopi Penyelamat Lingkungan – Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian|website=tp.ub.ac.id|access-date=2024-06-14|archive-date=2024-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529124723/https://tp.ub.ac.id/eksplorasi-kopi-liberika-dari-ujung-timur-pulau-jawa-kopi-penyelamat-lingkungan/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing [[Jambi]], kopi iki dibudidayakan ing Kuala Tungka l, Kopi Komposit Liberika Tungkal iki unik lan khas amarga dibudidayakake ing tlatah gambut kanthi tingkat keasaman sing cukup dhuwur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tanjabbarkab.go.id/unik-dan-khasnya-kopi-liberika-kuala-tungkal/|title=UNIK DAN KHASNYA KOPI LIBERIKA KUALA TUNGKAL|date=27 November 2017|access-date=14 Juni 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130224730/https://tanjabbarkab.go.id/unik-dan-khasnya-kopi-liberika-kuala-tungkal/|archive-date=30 November 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saiki kopi Liberika Tungkal dibudidayakake dening masyarakat kecamatan Betara, Kabupaten [[Kabupatèn Tanjung Jabung Kulon|Tanjung Jabung Barat]] . Umume masyarakat Kabupaten Betara ngolah kopi nganti tahap ''[[Green bean|kacang ijo]]'' . Iki amarga peralatan pangolahan kopi isih winates. Kanggo produk kanthi bentuk ''kacang ijo'' acak, wong biasane ngolah kanthi mandiri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbkepri/liberika-kopi-khas-tanjungjabung-barat/|title=Liberika, Kopi Khas Tanjungjabung Barat|last=Arman|first=Dedi|date=2019-11-21|website=Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau|language=Indonesia|access-date=2024-06-21}}</ref> Kopi Liberika Tungkal pikantuk pengakuan Hak Paten lan Sertifikat Indikasi Geografis saking Dirjen Kekayaan Intelektual, Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jambione.com/megapolitan/1363290380/kopi-liberika-tungkal-komposit-varian-unik-yang-membuat-pecinta-kopi-tercengang|title=Kopi Liberika Tungkal Komposit: Varian Unik yang Membuat Pecinta Kopi Tercengang! - Jambi One|last=Ahmadi|first=Ali|website=Kopi Liberika Tungkal Komposit: Varian Unik yang Membuat Pecinta Kopi Tercengang! - Jambi One|language=id|access-date=2024-06-21|archive-date=2024-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621010718/https://www.jambione.com/megapolitan/1363290380/kopi-liberika-tungkal-komposit-varian-unik-yang-membuat-pecinta-kopi-tercengang|url-status=dead}}</ref> ing rangkaian acara Hari Dharma Karyadhika 2015 ing Kementerian Hukum dan HAM. Bangunan Hak Asasi Manungsa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://serambijambi.id/2018/04/08/jangan-ngaku-pecinta-kopi-kalau-belum-nyobain-kopi-liberika-tungkal-komposit/|title=Jangan Ngaku Pecinta Kopi, Kalau Belum Nyobain Kopi Liberika Tungkal Komposit|date=2018-04-08|website=Serambi Jambi|language=id|access-date=2024-06-21|archive-date=2024-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229181730/https://serambijambi.id/2018/04/08/jangan-ngaku-pecinta-kopi-kalau-belum-nyobain-kopi-liberika-tungkal-komposit/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kopi Liberica misuwur banget ing Kalimantan. Alesane, kopi iki cocok banget yen ditanam ing lahan gambut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5172932/kopi-liberika-mutiara-hitam-dari-pulau-borneo|title=Kopi Liberika, Mutiara Hitam dari Pulau Borneo|last=Liputan6.com|date=2023-01-07|website=liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=2024-06-21}}</ref> Kopi jinis iki dianggep cocok kanggo karakteristik cuaca ing Kalimantan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://money.kompas.com/read/2023/11/09/160623326/kopi-luwak-liberika-prangat-baru-kaltim-si-batu-hitam-berharga-selain-batu?page=all|title=Kopi Luwak Liberika Prangat Baru Kaltim, Si "Batu Hitam" Berharga Selain Batu Bara...|last=Ika|first=Aprillia|date=9 November 2023|website=Kompas.com|access-date=21 Juni 2024}}</ref> Salah sawijine kopi ing Pulo Kalimantan diprodhuksi saka Kebon Kopi Sumber Kebun Kopi Liberika saka Desa Podorukun, Kecamatan Seponti, Kabupaten [[Kabupatèn Kayong Lor|Kayong Utara]], sing wis dilatih langsung wiwit taun 2017 kanthi jeneng kelompok tani “Cahaya Kayong. Seponti". Kopi Liberika saka Kecamatan Seponti, Kabupaten Kayong Utara iki wis entuk penghargaan ing Lomba [[World Coffee Challenge 2022|Tantangan Kopi Dunia]] [[Spanyol]] 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bcketapang.com/berita/detail/114|title=Bea Cukai Ketapang|website=bcketapang.com|access-date=2024-06-21|archive-date=2024-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621005008/https://bcketapang.com/berita/detail/114|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Karakteristik == Kopi iki nduweni sawetara ciri: # Ukuran [[godhong]], [[cabang]], [[kembang]], [[woh]] lan [[wit]] luwih gedhe tinimbang [[Kopi Arabika|kopi]] Arabika lan [[Kopi Robusta|Robusta]] . # Cabang utama bisa tahan luwih suwe lan luwih akeh kembang utawa woh bisa katon ing siji simpul tinimbang Kosala sapisan. # Luwih sensitif marang penyakit HV. # Kualitas woh relatif kurang. # Produksi Sedheng, (4,-5 ku/ha/thn) kanthi hasil ± 12% # Woh-wohan ing saindhenging taun. # Ukuran woh ora rata / ora seragam # Tuwuh apik ing dataran rendah . Sawetara jinis kopi Liberia sing wis diimpor menyang Indonesia kalebu [[Ardoniana|Ardonian]] lan [[Durvei]] . == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.winsscoffee.com WinssCoffee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116105942/http://www.winsscoffee.com/ |date=2013-01-16 }} * [http://www.coffeecommunity.web.id Komunitas Kopi Indonesia - Forum Komunitas Pecinta Kopi Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020094206/http://www.coffeecommunity.web.id/ |date=2016-10-20 }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q47718}} == Referensi == * [http://www.lablink.or.id/Env/Agro/Kopi/kopi-liberica.htm Kopi Liberica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113211547/http://www.lablink.or.id/Env/Agro/Kopi/kopi-liberica.htm |date=2008-01-13 }} * [https://archive.org/stream/floraoftropicala03oliv#page/180 referensi 1] * [https://archive.org/stream/coffeemonographo00chen#page/78 referensi 2] <references /> [[Kategori:Artikel mawa mikroformat 'species']] [[Kategori:Kopi]] h1z8wxx8s00i9nwr2d8pghovwc97ugp LockBit 0 196550 1760244 1751729 2026-11-06T09:12:45Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760244 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Hacker-3342696_1920-1024x788.jpg|al=Ilustrasi Peretas LockBit|jmpl| Ilustrasi Hacker LockBit]] '''LockBit''' minangka grup peretas dunya maya sing ngusulake ransomware minangka layanan (RaaS).Piranti lunak sing dikembangake dening grup kasebut (uga disebut [[ransomware]] ) ngidini para aktor jahat sing gelem mbayar nggunakake aplikasi kasebut kanggo nindakake serangan kanthi rong taktik sing ora mung ndhelik data korban lan njaluk tebusan, nanging uga ngancam bakal bocor menyang masarakat.yen panjaluk ora kaleksanan.<ref name=":0"/> Miturut pratelan gabungan saka macem-macem lembaga pemerintah, LockBit minangka ransomware paling produktif ing donya ing taun 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-165a|title=Understanding Ransomware Threat Actors: LockBit|date=2023-06-14|publisher=CISA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125143837/https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-165a|archive-date=2023-11-25|access-date=2023-11-25}}</ref> Dikira ing awal 2023 bakal tanggung jawab kanggo 44% kabeh kedadeyan ransomware ing saindenging jagad.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/cse-lockbit-threat-1.6734996|title=Intelligence agency says ransomware group with Russian ties poses 'an enduring threat' to Canada|last=Tunney|first=Catharine|date=February 3, 2023|work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|access-date=November 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125140916/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/cse-lockbit-threat-1.6734996|archive-date=November 25, 2023}}</ref> Ing Amerika Serikat antarane Januari 2020 lan Mei 2023, LockBit digunakake ing kira-kira 1,700 serangan ransomware, kanthi [[Dolar AS|$]] 91 yuta mbayar tebusan kanggo peretas.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-165a|title=Understanding Ransomware Threat Actors: LockBit|date=2023-06-14|publisher=CISA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125143837/https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-165a|archive-date=2023-11-25|access-date=　2023-11-25}}</ref> Badan pamrentah ora resmi nggandhengake grup kasebut karo negara apa wae.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/cybersecurity/what-is-lockbit-digital-extortion-gang-cybercrime-spree-2023-11-10/|title=Explainer: What is Lockbit? The digital extortion gang on a cybercrime spree|last=Siddiqui|first=Zeba|date=2023-11-10|work=Reuters|access-date=2023-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125143836/https://www.reuters.com/technology/cybersecurity/what-is-lockbit-digital-extortion-gang-cybercrime-spree-2023-11-10/|archive-date=2023-11-25|last2=Pearson|first2=James|language=en|last3=Pearson|first3=James}}</ref> Piranti lunak kanthi jeneng "LockBit" muncul ing forum cybercrime adhedhasar basa Rusia ing Januari 2020.<ref name=":3"/> Klompok iki duwe motivasi finansial.<ref name=":2"/> Ing Februari 2024, lembaga penegak hukum ngrebut kontrol situs web gelap LockBit sing digunakake kanggo serangan.<ref name="tr-lockbit-ransomware-gang-disrupted">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theregister.com/2024/02/20/lockbit_down_operation_cronos/|title=LockBit ransomware gang disrupted by global operation|last=Sharwood|first=Simon|date=2024-02-20|work=[[The Register]]|access-date=2024-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221022912/https://www.theregister.com/2024/02/20/lockbit_down_operation_cronos/|archive-date=2024-02-21}}</ref> <ref name="tr-cops-turn-lockbit-ransomware-gangs-countdown-timers-against-them">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theregister.com/2024/02/20/nca_lockbit_takedown/|title=Cops turn LockBit ransomware gang's countdown timers against them|last=Jones|first=Conor|date=2024-02-20|work=[[The Register]]|access-date=2024-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221022912/https://www.theregister.com/2024/02/20/nca_lockbit_takedown/|archive-date=2024-02-21}}</ref> Nanging, serangan luwih lanjut karo LockBit ransomware banjur dilaporake, lan grup kasebut nyoba nglawan serangan balik.<ref name="postseize"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/tag/lockbit/|title=Latest LockBit news|website=BleepingComputer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221095339/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/tag/lockbit/|archive-date=21 February 2024|access-date=23 February 2024}} Developments added as they happen; latest 22 February 2024</ref> == Informasi == Piranti lunak LockBit, ditulis ing basa pemrograman [[C (basa pamrograman)|C]] lan [[C++]] ..NET digunakake kanggo LockBit-NG-Dev sing lagi dikembangake nalika dibusak ing taun 2024, <ref name="postseize"/> entuk akses awal menyang sistem komputer nggunakake akses sing dituku, kerentanan sing ora ditambal, akses wong njero, lan eksploitasi zero-day, ing wektu sing padha.cara kaya malware liyane.LockBit banjur ngontrol sistem sing kena infeksi, ngumpulake informasi jaringan, lan nyolong lan ndhelik data.Korban banjur dijaluk mbayar tebusan kanggo dekripsi data supaya kasedhiya maneh, lan pelaku mbusak salinan kasebut, ngancam bakal nggawe data umum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackberry.com/us/en/solutions/endpoint-security/ransomware-protection/lockbit#how-it-works|title=How LockBit Ransomware Works (TT&P)|website=BlackBerry|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220152348/https://www.blackberry.com/us/en/solutions/endpoint-security/ransomware-protection/lockbit#how-it-works|archive-date=20 February 2024|access-date=20 February 2024}}</ref> (Nalika data ora digawe umum yen tebusan dibayar, ditemokake nalika LockBit dijupuk dening penegak hukum yen data kasebut durung dibusak).<ref name="down">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/feb/20/uk-and-fbi-lock-cybercrime-group-out-of-lockbit-website|title=UK and US hack the hackers to bring down LockBit crime gang|last=Hern|first=Alex|date=2024-02-20|work=The Guardian|access-date=2024-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220132840/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/feb/20/uk-and-fbi-lock-cybercrime-group-out-of-lockbit-website|archive-date=2024-02-20|language=en-gb|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> LockBit entuk perhatian amarga nggawe lan nggunakake [[Piranti pangrusak|malware]] sing diarani "StealBit", sing ngotomatisasi transfer data menyang penyusup.Alat iki dikenalaké karo release saka LockBit 2.0, kang nduweni kemampuan enkripsi cepet lan efisien.Kanggo nggedhekake jangkauane, LockBit uga ngeculake Linux-ESXI Locker versi 1.0, sing target host [[Linux]], khususe server VMware ESXi.<ref name=":0"/> LockBit ngrekrut afiliasi lan ngembangake kemitraan karo klompok kriminal liyane.Dheweke nyewa makelar akses jaringan, nggarap organisasi kaya Maze, lan ngrekrut wong njero saka perusahaan target.Kanggo narik kawigaten [[Hacker|peretas]] sing duwe bakat, dheweke nyeponsori kontes nulis teknis lemah.<ref name=":0"/> LockBit wis nargetake macem-macem industri ing saindenging jagad, nanging sektor kesehatan lan pendidikan dadi korban paling gedhe.Miturut Trend Micro, ing babagan upaya serangan, Amerika Serikat, India, lan Brasil minangka negara target utama.<ref name=":0"/> LockBit efisien lan bisa adaptasi: padha nandheske kacepetan lan kemampuan malware kanggo narik korban.Dheweke nganggep faktor eksternal kayata hukum privasi data nalika nargetake korban potensial.Sukses LockBit uga gumantung banget marang program afiliasi, sing mbantu dheweke nggawe inovasi lan bersaing ing lanskap ransomware.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/ransomware-spotlight/ransomware-spotlight-lockbit|title=Ransomware Spotlight: LockBit|website=Trendmicro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707171309/https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/ransomware-spotlight/ransomware-spotlight-lockbit|archive-date=2023-07-07|access-date=2023-07-07}}</ref> Ing situs kasebut ing web peteng, LockBit nyatakake yen "dumunung ing Walanda, ora politik lan mung kasengsem ing dhuwit".<ref name="about">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/feb/19/prolific-cybercrime-gang-lockbit-disrupted-uk-us-eu-operation-cronos|title=Prolific cybercrime gang disrupted by joint UK, US and EU operation|date=19 February 2024|work=The Guardian|access-date=20 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220092557/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/feb/19/prolific-cybercrime-gang-lockbit-disrupted-uk-us-eu-operation-cronos|archive-date=20 February 2024|agency=Reuters}}</ref> === Teknik lan taktik === Operator LockBit asring entuk akses awal kanthi ngeksploitasi server Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) sing rawan utawa kredensial sing dikompromi sing dituku saka afiliasi.Vektor akses awal uga kalebu email phishing kanthi lampiran utawa tautan sing ala, meksa sandhi RDP utawa VPN sing lemah, lan ngeksploitasi kerentanan kayata CVE-2018-13379 ing Fortinet VPN .<ref name=":0"/> Sawise diinstal, LockBit ransomware asring dieksekusi ing [[Microsoft Windows]] liwat argumen baris perintah, tugas sing dijadwal, utawa [[Windows PowerShell|skrip PowerShell]] kayata PowerShell Empire.LockBit nggunakake alat kayata Mimikatz, GMER, Proses Peretas, lan panyuntingan registri kanggo ngumpulake kredensial, mateni produk keamanan, lan nyegah pertahanan.Iku enumerates sambungan jaringan kanggo ngenali target dhuwur-nilai kayata pengontrol domain nggunakake scanner kayata Advanced Port Scanner.<ref name=":0"/> Kanggo gerakan lateral, LockBit nyebar liwat sambungan bareng file SMB ing jaringan, nggunakake kredensial sing diklumpukake sadurunge.Teknik gerakan lateral liyane kalebu nyebarake dhewe liwat obyek Kebijakan Grup sing dikompromi, utawa nggunakake alat kayata PsExec utawa Cobalt Strike.<ref name=":0"/> Payload ransomware LockBit ngenkripsi file lan enggo bareng jaringan nggunakake enkripsi AES lan RSA .Iku encrypts mung sawetara kilobyte pisanan saben file kanggo Processing luwih cepet, lan nambah extension ".lockbit".LockBit banjur ngganti wallpaper desktop kanthi cathetan tebusan; uga bisa nyithak cathetan tebusan menyang printer sing dipasang.Tujuane kanggo ngedol pembayaran tebusan kanggo mbalikke gangguan sistem lan mulihake akses file.<ref name=":0"/> == Sajarah == [[Piranti pangrusak|Malware]] LockBit sadurunge dikenal minangka ".abcd", sawise ekstensi file ditambahake menyang file sing dienkripsi amarga ora bisa diakses.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/jan/13/what-is-lockbit-ransomware-and-how-does-it-operate-malware-royal-mail|title=What is LockBit ransomware and how does it operate?|last=Milmo|first=Dan|date=2023-01-13|work=The Guardian|access-date=2023-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614200656/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/jan/13/what-is-lockbit-ransomware-and-how-does-it-operate-malware-royal-mail|archive-date=2023-06-14|language=en-gb|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> LockBit pisanan diamati ing September 2019.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackberry.com/us/en/solutions/endpoint-security/ransomware-protection/lockbit|title=What Is LockBit Ransomware?|website=Blackberry|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720162059/https://www.blackberry.com/us/en/solutions/endpoint-security/ransomware-protection/lockbit|archive-date=2023-07-20|access-date=2023-07-20}}</ref> === LockBit 2.0 === LockBit 2.0 muncul ing taun 2021 <ref name=":1"/> lan dadi berita utama kanthi serangan ing Accenture ing taun sing padha, ing ngendi wong njero bisa mbantu grup kasebut mlebu jaringan.LockBit nerbitake sawetara data sing dicolong ing serangan iki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://explore.avertium.com/resource/lockbit-2-0-ransomware|title=LockBit 2.0 Ransomware: An In-Depth Look at Lockfile & LockBit|website=Avertium|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707171508/https://explore.avertium.com/resource/lockbit-2-0-ransomware|archive-date=2023-07-07|access-date=2023-07-07}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> Ing Januari 2022, perusahaan elektronik Thales dadi salah sawijining korban Lockbit 2.0.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/high-tech/un-groupe-de-hackers-publie-des-donnees-volees-a-la-branche-aerospatiale-de-thales-18-01-2022-Z4YNRKZ3GJGDBL5EF4JBL64TOY.php|title=Thales refuse le chantage, des hackers publient les données volées à sa branche aérospatiale|last=Damien Licata Caruso|date=18 January 2022|work=Le Parisien|access-date=21 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605212529/https://www.leparisien.fr/high-tech/un-groupe-de-hackers-publie-des-donnees-volees-a-la-branche-aerospatiale-de-thales-18-01-2022-Z4YNRKZ3GJGDBL5EF4JBL64TOY.php|archive-date=5 June 2023|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ing Juli 2022, layanan administrasi lan manajemen La Poste Mobile diserang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latribune.fr/technos-medias/informatique/qui-est-lockbit-3-0-le-cyber-ranconneur-de-la-poste-mobile-925065.html|title=Qui est LockBit 3.0, le cyber-rançonneur de La Poste Mobile ?|date=2022-07-08|website=La Tribune|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604135824/https://www.latribune.fr/technos-medias/informatique/qui-est-lockbit-3-0-le-cyber-ranconneur-de-la-poste-mobile-925065.html|archive-date=2023-06-04|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Ing September 2022, peretas grup kasebut ngaku nindakake serangan siber marang 28 organisasi, 12 kalebu organisasi Prancis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.numerama.com/cyberguerre/1112220-les-hackers-de-lhopital-en-essonne-revendiquent-12-attaques-dorganismes-francais.html|title=Les hackers de l'hôpital de Corbeil-Essonnes revendiquent 12 cyberattaques d'organismes français|last=Bodnar|first=Bogdan|date=2022-09-14|website=Numerama|language=fr-FR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915194649/https://www.numerama.com/cyberguerre/1112220-les-hackers-de-lhopital-en-essonne-revendiquent-12-attaques-dorganismes-francais.html|archive-date=2022-09-15|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Antarane, rumah sakit Corbeil Essonnes dadi target panjaluk tebusan $ 10 yuta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2022/09/25/cybercriminalite-l-hopital-de-corbeil-essonnes-refuse-de-payer-la-rancon-les-hackeurs-ont-commence-a-diffuser-des-donnees_6143112_4408996.html|title=Cybercriminalité : l'hôpital de Corbeil-Essonnes refuse de payer la rançon, les hackeurs ont commencé à diffuser des données|date=2022-09-25|work=Le Monde|access-date=2023-07-21|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240320044808/https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2022/09/25/cybercriminalite-l-hopital-de-corbeil-essonnes-refuse-de-payer-la-rancon-les-hackeurs-ont-commence-a-diffuser-des-donnees_6143112_4408996.html|archive-date=2024-03-20|language=fr}}</ref> Ing Oktober 2022, klompok LockBit ngaku tanggung jawab kanggo serangan ing Pendragon PLC, klompok pengecer otomotif ing Inggris, nuntut tebusan US $ 60 yuta kanggo dekripsi file lan ora bocor; Perusahaan kasebut nyatakake yen dheweke nolak panjaluk kasebut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/pendragon-car-dealer-refuses-60-million-lockbit-ransomware-demand/|title=Pendragon car dealer refuses $60 million LockBit ransomware demand|date=24 October 2022|website=BleepingComputer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602235935/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/pendragon-car-dealer-refuses-60-million-lockbit-ransomware-demand/|archive-date=2 June 2023|access-date=21 July 2023}}</ref> Tanggal 31 Oktober 2022, klompok peretas LockBit ngakoni nyerang Thales Group kaping pindho lan ora njaluk tebusan, nanging nyatakake yen data kasebut bakal dirilis.Klompok hacking nawakake pitulungan kanggo pelanggan Thales sing kena pengaruh maling, kanggo ngajokake keluhan marang Thales, sawijining klompok "sing ora nggatekake aturan rahasia".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/internet/securite-sur-internet/cyberattaques/info-franceinfo-un-groupe-de-hackers-revendique-une-cyberattaque-contre-thales_5450623.html|title=INFO FRANCEINFO. Un groupe de hackers revendique une cyberattaque contre Thales|date=2022-10-31|website=Franceinfo|language=fr-FR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413024830/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/internet/securite-sur-internet/cyberattaques/info-franceinfo-un-groupe-de-hackers-revendique-une-cyberattaque-contre-thales_5450623.html|archive-date=2023-04-13|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Tanggal 10 November 2022, grup LockBit 3.0 diterbitake ing versi darknet 9.5.&nbsp;Arsip GB kanthi informasi sing dicolong babagan kontrak Thales ing Italia lan Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/secteur/high-tech/cybersecurite-des-donnees-volees-a-thales-publiees-sur-le-darkweb-20221111|title=Cybersécurité : des données volées à Thales publiées sur le darkweb|date=2022-11-11|website=Le Figaro|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721194422/https://www.lefigaro.fr/secteur/high-tech/cybersecurite-des-donnees-volees-a-thales-publiees-sur-le-darkweb-20221111|archive-date=2023-07-21|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2022/11/11/thales-lockbit-diffuse-des-donnees-volees-l-entreprise-dement-toute-intrusion-dans-son-systeme_6149491_4408996.html|title=Thales : Lockbit diffuse des données volées, l'entreprise dément toute intrusion dans son système|date=2022-11-11|work=Le Monde|access-date=2023-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721003710/https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2022/11/11/thales-lockbit-diffuse-des-donnees-volees-l-entreprise-dement-toute-intrusion-dans-son-systeme_6149491_4408996.html|archive-date=2023-07-21|language=fr}}</ref> Ing November 2022, OEHC - [[Office d'Équipement Hydraulique de Corse]] - dadi korban serangan cyber sing ndhelik data komputer perusahaan.Panjaluk tebusan digawe dening klompok peretas, nanging OEHC ora nanggapi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/corse/haute-corse/bastia/cyberattaque-l-oehc-refuse-de-negocier-et-promet-un-retour-a-la-normale-le-plus-rapidement-possible-2656560.html|title=Cyberattaque : L'OEHC refuse de négocier, et promet un retour à la normale le plus rapidement possible|date=2022-11-16|website=France 3 Corse ViaStella|language=fr-FR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203210151/https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/corse/haute-corse/bastia/cyberattaque-l-oehc-refuse-de-negocier-et-promet-un-retour-a-la-normale-le-plus-rapidement-possible-2656560.html|archive-date=2022-12-03|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Ing Desember 2022, klompok peretas LockBit ngaku tanggung jawab kanggo serangan ing [[California Finance Administration|Administrasi Keuangan California]] .Kantor gubernur ngakoni dadi korban serangan kasebut, tanpa nemtokake ukurane.Lockbit ngaku wis nyolong 246.000 file kanthi ukuran total 75.3&nbsp;GB.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/lockbit-claims-attack-on-californias-department-of-finance/|title=LockBit claims attack on California's Department of Finance|last=Ilascu|first=Ionut|date=13 December 2022|website=BleepingComputer|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111235516/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/lockbit-claims-attack-on-californias-department-of-finance/|archive-date=2023-01-11|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Ing Desember 2022, klompok peretas ngaku nyerang pelabuhan Lisbon.Tebusan ditetepake $ 1,5 yuta, sing kudu dibayar paling ora tanggal 18 Januari 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/lockbit-ransomware-claims-attack-on-port-of-lisbon-in-portugal/|title=LockBit ransomware claims attack on Port of Lisbon in Portugal|website=BleepingComputer|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328213951/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/lockbit-ransomware-claims-attack-on-port-of-lisbon-in-portugal/|archive-date=2023-03-28|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Tanggal 18 Desember 2022, klompok peretas nyerang Rumah Sakit Anak Lara [[Toronto]] .Sawise nyadari kesalahane, klompok peretas mungkasi serangan kasebut, njaluk ngapura lan menehi solusi gratis kanggo mbalekake file sing dienkripsi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clubic.com/antivirus-securite-informatique/virus-hacker-piratage/piratage-informatique/actualite-451929-ransomware-apres-l-attaque-d-un-hopital-pour-enfants-comment-ce-gang-de-pirates-s-est-excuse.html|title=Ransomware : après l'attaque d'un hôpital pour enfants, comment ce gang de pirates s'est excusé|date=2023-01-02|website=Clubic|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830163920/https://www.clubic.com/antivirus-securite-informatique/virus-hacker-piratage/piratage-informatique/actualite-451929-ransomware-apres-l-attaque-d-un-hopital-pour-enfants-comment-ce-gang-de-pirates-s-est-excuse.html|archive-date=2023-08-30|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> === LockBit 3.0 === Ing akhir wulan Juni 2022, grup kasebut ngluncurake "LockBit 3.0", varian paling anyar saka ransomware, sawise rong wulan uji coba beta .Utamane, grup kasebut ngenalake program hadiah bug, sing pertama ing bidang operasi ransomware.Dheweke ngajak peneliti keamanan nyoba piranti lunak kanggo nambah keamanan, menehi hadiah dhuwit sing akeh saka [[Dolar AS|US $]] 1,000 nganti $ 1&nbsp;yuta.<ref name=":0"/> Ing wulan Agustus 2022, produsen peralatan Jerman Continental ngalami serangan ransomware LockBit.Ing November 2022, tanpa nanggepi panjaluk tebusan, klompok peretas nerbitake sawetara data sing dicolong lan menehi akses menyang kabeh kanthi biaya 50 yuta euro.Antarane data sing dicolong yaiku urip pribadi karyawan Grup, uga ijol-ijolan karo produsen mobil Jerman.Kajaba saka nyolong data, bebaya yaiku mbukak dalan kanggo spionase industri.Pancen, antarane trade-offs karo [[Volkswagen]] aspèk IT, saka nyopir otomatis kanggo hiburan, kang Volkswagen pengin Continental kanggo nandur modal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/tech-medias/hightech/continental-victime-dune-cyberattaque-a-50-millions-de-dollars-1879191|title=Continental victime d'une cyberattaque à 50 millions de dollars|date=2022-11-15|website=Les Echos|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629081555/https://www.lesechos.fr/tech-medias/hightech/continental-victime-dune-cyberattaque-a-50-millions-de-dollars-1879191|archive-date=2023-06-29|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Ing November 2022, Departemen Kehakiman Amerika Serikat ngumumake penahanan Mikhail Vasiliev, warga negara ganda Rusia lan Kanada, sing ana hubungane karo kampanye ransomware LockBit.Miturut dakwaan, Vasiliev diduga bersekongkol karo pihak liya sing melu LockBit, varian ransomware sing wis digunakake ing luwih saka 1,000 serangan ing saindenging jagad wiwit November 2022.Miturut laporan, operator LockBit wis ngirim panjaluk tebusan paling ora $ 100 yuta, sing puluhan yuta wis dibayar dening para korban.Penangkapan kasebut ngetutake investigasi 2,5 taun menyang grup ransomware LockBit dening Departemen Kehakiman.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63590481|title=Russian-Canadian arrested over global LockBit ransomware campaign|date=2022-11-10|work=BBC News|access-date=2023-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720161716/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63590481|archive-date=2023-07-20|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ing Januari 2023, klompok peretas ngaku nyerang perusahaan barang mewah Prancis [[Nuxe]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/le-gang-lockbit-tente-de-faire-chanter-l-entreprise-nuxe-39952564.htm|title=Le gang LockBit tente de faire chanter l'entreprise Nuxe|last=Thierry|first=Gabriel|date=2023-01-13|website=ZDNet France|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116211535/https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/le-gang-lockbit-tente-de-faire-chanter-l-entreprise-nuxe-39952564.htm|archive-date=2023-01-16|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> lan ELSAN, klompok klinik swasta Prancis.Klompok peretas njupuk 821 GB data saka markas perusahaan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/le-leader-francais-de-la-sante-privee-vise-par-lockbit-39953204.htm|title=Le leader français de la santé privée visé par LockBit|last=Thierry|first=Gabriel|date=2023-01-26|website=ZDNet France|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326003113/https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/le-leader-francais-de-la-sante-privee-vise-par-lockbit-39953204.htm|archive-date=2023-03-26|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Ing sasi sing padha, layanan ekspor internasional Royal Mail diganggu dening serangan ransomware Lockbit.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/lockbit-ransomware-group-threatens-publish-stolen-royal-mail-data-techcrunch-2023-02-07/|title=Royal Mail faces threat from ransomware group LockBit|last=|date=2023-02-08|work=Reuters|access-date=2023-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720155909/https://www.reuters.com/technology/lockbit-ransomware-group-threatens-publish-stolen-royal-mail-data-techcrunch-2023-02-07/|archive-date=2023-07-20}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/royal-mail-cyberattack-linked-to-lockbit-ransomware-operation/|title=Royal Mail cyberattack linked to LockBit ransomware operation|website=BleepingComputer|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628112934/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/royal-mail-cyberattack-linked-to-lockbit-ransomware-operation/|archive-date=2023-06-28|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Ing Februari 2023, klompok kasebut ngaku tanggung jawab kanggo serangan ing Indigo Books and Music, sawijining toko buku Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lesaffaires.com/techno/internet/quest-ce-que-lockbit-le-rancongiciel-utilise-contre-les-librairies-indigo/639568|title=Qu'est-ce que LockBit, le rançongiciel utilisé contre les librairies Indigo?|website=Les affaires|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401142609/https://www.lesaffaires.com/techno/internet/quest-ce-que-lockbit-le-rancongiciel-utilise-contre-les-librairies-indigo/639568|archive-date=2023-04-01|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Ing Maret 2023, klompok kasebut ngaku tanggung jawab kanggo nyerang {{Interlanguage link|BRL Group|fr|Groupe BRL}}, spesialis banyu ing Prancis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/lockbit-etoffe-encore-son-tableau-de-chasse-hexagonal-39957228.htm|title=LockBit étoffe encore son tableau de chasse hexagonal|last=Thierry|first=Gabriel|date=2023-04-18|website=ZDNet France|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719223926/https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/lockbit-etoffe-encore-son-tableau-de-chasse-hexagonal-39957228.htm|archive-date=2023-07-19|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Tanggal 16 Mei 2023, klompok peretas ngaku tanggung jawab kanggo serangan ing koran China Daily China cabang Hong Kong.Iki minangka pisanan klompok peretas nyerang perusahaan China.LockBit ora nyerang entitas Rusia lan ngindhari sekutu Rusia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.numerama.com/cyberguerre/1376352-des-hackers-revendiquent-une-cyberattaque-inedite-contre-un-media-chinois.html|title=Cyberattaque contre un grand média chinois, pourquoi est-ce inédit ?|last=Bodnar|first=Bogdan|date=2023-05-16|website=Numerama|language=fr-FR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721233846/https://www.numerama.com/cyberguerre/1376352-des-hackers-revendiquent-une-cyberattaque-inedite-contre-un-media-chinois.html|archive-date=2023-07-21|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Ing Mei 2023, klompok peretas ngaku tanggung jawab kanggo serangan ing {{Interlanguage link|Voyageurs du Monde|fr}} .Klompok peretas nyolong udakara 10.000 dokumen identitas saka file pelanggan perusahaan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/le-piratage-de-voyageurs-du-monde-se-solde-par-la-fuite-de-plusieurs-milliers-de-copies-de-passeports-39958904.htm|title=Le piratage de Voyageurs du monde se solde par la fuite de plusieurs milliers de copies de passeports|last=Thierry|first=Gabriel|date=2023-06-01|website=ZDNet France|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721141729/https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/le-piratage-de-voyageurs-du-monde-se-solde-par-la-fuite-de-plusieurs-milliers-de-copies-de-passeports-39958904.htm|archive-date=2023-07-21|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Ing wulan Juni 2023, Departemen Kehakiman Amerika Serikat ngumumake tuduhan pidana marang Ruslan Magomedovich Astamirov, warga negara Rusia, amarga diduga melu kampanye ransomware LockBit minangka afiliasi.Dakwaan kasebut nyatakake yen Astamirov langsung nglakokake paling ora limang serangan ransomware marang para korban lan nampa pembayaran tebusan parsial kanthi bentuk bitcoin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/russian-national-arrested-and-charged-conspiring-commit-lockbit-ransomware-attacks-against-us|title=Office of Public Affairs {{!}} Russian National Arrested and Charged with Conspiring to Commit LockBit Ransomware Attacks Against U.S. and Foreign Businesses {{!}} United States Department of Justice|date=2023-06-15|website=www.justice.gov|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720162558/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/russian-national-arrested-and-charged-conspiring-commit-lockbit-ransomware-attacks-against-us|archive-date=2023-07-20|access-date=2023-07-20}}</ref> Ing pungkasan Juni 2023, klompok TSMC dadi korban serangan ransomware liwat salah sawijining pemasok.LockBit njaluk tebusan $ 70 yuta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/tsmc-denies-lockbit-hack-as-ransomware-gang-demands-70-million/|title=TSMC denies LockBit hack as ransomware gang demands $70 million|website=BleepingComputer|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727060857/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/tsmc-denies-lockbit-hack-as-ransomware-gang-demands-70-million/|archive-date=2023-07-27|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Ing Juli 2023, LockBit nyerang Pelabuhan Nagoya ing Jepang, sing nangani 10% perdagangan negara kasebut.Serangan kasebut meksa operasi kontainer ditutup.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://securityboulevard.com/2023/07/lockbit-3-0-claims-credit-for-ransomware-attack-on-japanese-port/|title=Lockbit 3.0 Claims Credit for Ransomware Attack on Japanese Port|last=Robinson|first=Teri|date=2023-07-14|website=Security Boulevard|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721134741/https://securityboulevard.com/2023/07/lockbit-3-0-claims-credit-for-ransomware-attack-on-japanese-port/|archive-date=2023-07-21|access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Ing Oktober 2023, LockBit ngakoni nyolong data sensitif saka [[Boeing]] .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theregister.com/2023/10/30/security_in_brief/|title=LockBit alleges it boarded Boeing, stole 'sensitive data'|last=Vigliarolo|first=Brandon|date=2023-10-30|work=[[The Register]]|access-date=2023-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119144117/https://www.theregister.com/2023/10/30/security_in_brief/|archive-date=2023-11-19}}</ref> Boeing ngakoni manawa dheweke ngerti kedadeyan cyber sing mengaruhi sawetara bagean lan bisnis distribusi sawetara dina sabanjure, sanajan ora mengaruhi safety penerbangan; padha ora ngarani miturut omongane uwong penyerang.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theregister.com/2023/11/02/boeing_cyber_incident/|title=Boeing acknowledges cyberattack on parts and distribution biz|last=Dobberstein|first=Laura|date=2023-11-02|work=[[The Register]]|access-date=2023-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119144117/https://www.theregister.com/2023/11/02/boeing_cyber_incident/|archive-date=2023-11-19}}</ref> Ing November 2023, LockBit nyerang anak perusahaan saka Bank Industri lan Komersial China sing diduweni negara China .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-11-10/world-s-biggest-bank-forced-to-trade-via-usb-stick-after-hack|title=World's Biggest Bank Forced to Trade Via USB Stick After Hack|date=2023-11-10|work=Bloomberg|access-date=2023-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110033851/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-11-10/world-s-biggest-bank-forced-to-trade-via-usb-stick-after-hack|archive-date=2023-11-10|language=en}}</ref> ''Bloomberg'' nglaporake manawa unit AS ICBC ing wektu kasebut dianggep minangka pemberi utang paling gedhe ing donya kanthi aset.<ref name="SRC2_Lockbit">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-11-09/icbc-seen-hit-by-ransomware-gang-linked-to-boeing-ion-attacks|title=World's Largest Bank Hit By Ransomware Gang Linked to Boeing, Ion Attacks|last=Doherty|first=Katherine|date=9 November 2023|access-date=2023-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110092119/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-11-09/icbc-seen-hit-by-ransomware-gang-linked-to-boeing-ion-attacks|archive-date=2023-11-10|publisher=Bloomberg|last2=McCormick|first2=Liz Capo}}</ref> Ing Nopember 2023, LockBit ngeculake data internal sing dicolong klompok kasebut sewulan sadurunge saka Boeing menyang Internet.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/cybersecurity/boeing-data-published-by-lockbit-hacking-gang-2023-11-10|title=Boeing data published by Lockbit hacking gang|date=November 10, 2023|access-date=2023-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110195849/https://www.reuters.com/technology/cybersecurity/boeing-data-published-by-lockbit-hacking-gang-2023-11-10/|archive-date=2023-11-10|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Ing November 2023, LockBit nyerang [[Chicago Trading Company]] lan Alphadyne Asset Management.''Bloomberg'' nglaporake manawa CTC wis disusupi ing wulan Oktober, lan ing taun sadurunge Lockbit wis "dadi grup ransomware paling produktif ing donya." Wiwit taun 2020, dheweke dilaporake nindakake 1,700 serangan lan ngrampas $91 yuta, miturut Badan Keamanan Siber lan Infrastruktur AS.<ref name="SRC1_Lockbit">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-11-17/lockbit-gang-hacks-into-another-firm-and-threatens-to-dump-data|title=Lockbit Gang Hacks Into Another US Financial Firm, Threatens to Dump Data|last=Gallagher|first=Ryan|date=17 November 2023|access-date=2023-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117192801/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-11-17/lockbit-gang-hacks-into-another-firm-and-threatens-to-dump-data|archive-date=2023-11-17|publisher=Bloomberg|last2=Doherty|first2=Katherine|last3=Almeida|first3=Isis}}</ref> ''Register'' nglaporake ing pungkasan Nopember 2023 manawa LockBit ngalami frustasi internal sing saya tambah akeh, lan pimpinane mrombak sawetara cara negosiasi karo korban kanggo nanggepi tingkat gaji sing murah.<ref name="SRC4_Lockbit">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theregister.com/2023/11/17/lockbit_cracks_whip_on_affiliates/|title=LockBit revamps ransomware negotiations as payments dwindle|last=Jones|first=Connor|date=17 November 2023|work=The Register|access-date=6 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207180451/https://www.theregister.com/2023/11/17/lockbit_cracks_whip_on_affiliates/|archive-date=7 December 2023}}</ref> Ing Januari 2024, LockBit nyerang komputer Fulton County.<ref name="tg-fulton-countys-systems-were-hacked">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/feb/12/computer-hack-fulton-county-trump-case|title=Fulton county's systems were hacked. Already weary officials are tight-lipped|last=Chidi|first=George|date=2024-02-12|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2024-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221032300/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/feb/12/computer-hack-fulton-county-trump-case|archive-date=2024-02-21}}</ref> <ref name="cnn-fulton-county-faces-ransomware-attack">{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/14/tech/fulton-county-ransomware-attack-financially-motivated-actors/index.html|title=Fulton County faces ransomware attack by 'financially motivated actors,' but county elections still on track|last=Lyngaas|first=Sean|access-date=2024-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221032259/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/14/tech/fulton-county-ransomware-attack-financially-motivated-actors/index.html|archive-date=2024-02-21|publisher=[[CNN]]|last2=Spells|first2=Alta}}</ref> Situs kasebut ngetokake pratelan babagan serangan kasebut ing wulan sabanjure, ujar manawa dheweke ora mbayar tebusan, ora ana hubungane karo proses pemilihan, lan ora ngerti babagan ekstraksi informasi sensitif babagan warga utawa karyawan.<ref name="tg-fulton-countys-systems-were-hacked" /> <ref name="cnn-fulton-county-faces-ransomware-attack" /> === LockBit-NG-Dev (LockBit 4?) === Nalika server LockBit dipateni dening penegak hukum ing Februari 2024, ditemokake manawa versi anyar, LockBit-NG-Dev, bisa uga bakal dirilis minangka LockBit 4.0, wis ana ing pangembangan maju; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/lockbit-ransomware-secretly-building-next-gen-encryptor-before-takedown/|title=LockBit ransomware secretly building next-gen encryptor before takedown|last=Toulas|first=Bill|date=22 February 2024|website=Bleeping Computer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223111208/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/lockbit-ransomware-secretly-building-next-gen-encryptor-before-takedown/|archive-date=23 February 2024|access-date=23 February 2024}}</ref> Trend Micro nerbitake laporan rinci babagan iki. === Penyitaan dening penegak hukum ing 2024 === Tanggal 19 Februari 2024, Badan Kejahatan Nasional kanthi kolaborasi karo [[Europol]] lan lembaga penegak hukum internasional liyane ngrebut kontrol situs darknet sing diduweni peretas ransomware LockBit minangka bagean saka Operasi Cronos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/lockbit-ransomware-disrupted-by-global-police-operation/|title=LockBit ransomware disrupted by global police operation|last=Gatlan|first=Sergiu|date=2024-02-19|website=BleepingComputer|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219220713/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/lockbit-ransomware-disrupted-by-global-police-operation/|archive-date=2024-02-19|access-date=2024-02-19}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cyberscoop.com/fbi-operation-seizes-infrastructure-of-lockbit-ransomware-group/|title=FBI, British authorities seize infrastructure of LockBit ransomware group|last=Vicens|first=A. J.|date=2024-02-19|website=CyberScoop|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219223335/https://cyberscoop.com/fbi-operation-seizes-infrastructure-of-lockbit-ransomware-group/|archive-date=2024-02-19|access-date=2024-02-19}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/fulton-county-ransomware-attack-lockbit-international-law-enforcement|title=Site run by cyber criminals behind Fulton County ransomware attack taken over|last=Fingert|first=Tyler|date=2024-02-19|website=Fox 5 Atlanta|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219223335/https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/fulton-county-ransomware-attack-lockbit-international-law-enforcement|archive-date=2024-02-19|access-date=2024-02-19}}</ref> <ref name="tr-lockbit-ransomware-gang-disrupted"/> <ref name="tr-cops-turn-lockbit-ransomware-gangs-countdown-timers-against-them"/> Laporan sing durung diverifikasi ujar manawa Lockbit ujar manawa server sing mlaku ing [[PHP|basa pemrograman PHP]] wis diserang, nanging duwe server serep tanpa PHP sing "ora disentuh." <ref name="about"/> Siji wong ditangkep ing Ukraina, siji ing Polandia, lan loro ing Amerika Serikat.Loro warga Rusia uga dijenengi, nanging durung dicekel.Miturut Graeme Biggar, Direktur Jenderal Badan Kejahatan Nasional, penegak hukum wis "nguwasani infrastruktur, ngrebut kode sumber, lan entuk kunci sing bakal mbantu para korban dekripsi sistem." <ref name="down"/> Decryptor kanggo LockBit 3.0 digawe nggunakake tombol sing dicekel lan dirilis kanthi gratis ing [https://www.nomoreransom.org/en/index.html No More Ransom] .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/police-arrest-lockbit-ransomware-members-release-decryptor-in-global-crackdown/|title=Police arrest LockBit ransomware members, release decryptor in global crackdown|website=BleepingComputer|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224153000/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/police-arrest-lockbit-ransomware-members-release-decryptor-in-global-crackdown/|archive-date=2024-02-24|access-date=2024-02-24}}</ref> Sawise ngilangi, penegak hukum ngirim informasi babagan grup kasebut ing situs web sing peteng, kalebu klompok kasebut duwe paling ora 188 afiliasi.<ref name="postseize">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/screenconnect-servers-hacked-in-lockbit-ransomware-attacks|title=ScreenConnect servers hacked in LockBit ransomware attacks|last=Gatlan|first=Sergiu|date=22 February 2024|website=BleepingComputer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223104453/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/screenconnect-servers-hacked-in-lockbit-ransomware-attacks/|archive-date=23 February 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|quote=despite the law enforcement operation against LockBit, it seems as though some affiliates are still up and running.}}</ref> Penegak hukum uga entuk 30.000 alamat Bitcoin sing digunakake kanggo ngatur bathi klompok kasebut saka pembayaran tebusan, sing ngemot 2.200 BTC ($ 112 yuta USD).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/lockbit-ransomware-gang-has-over-110-million-in-unspent-bitcoin/|title=LockBit ransomware gang has over $110 million in unspent bitcoin|website=BleepingComputer|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224002120/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/lockbit-ransomware-gang-has-over-110-million-in-unspent-bitcoin/|archive-date=2024-02-24|access-date=2024-02-24}}</ref> Wiwit tanggal 22 Februari 2024, ransomware LockBit isih nyebar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/security/2024/02/ransomware-associated-with-lockbit-still-spreading-2-days-after-server-takedown/|title=Ransomware associated with LockBit still spreading 2 days after server takedown|last=Goodin|first=Dan|date=2024-02-22|work=[[Ars Technica]]|access-date=2024-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222225930/https://arstechnica.com/security/2024/02/ransomware-associated-with-lockbit-still-spreading-2-days-after-server-takedown/|archive-date=2024-02-22}}</ref> <ref name="postseize"/> Ing tanggal 24 Februari 2024, ana situs web anyar sing ngaku dioperasikake LockBit.<ref name="tr-back-from-the-dead-lockbit-taunts-cops">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theregister.com/2024/02/26/lockbit_back_in_action/|title=Back from the dead: LockBit taunts cops, threatens to leak Trump docs|last=Lyons|first=Jessica|date=2024-02-26|work=[[The Register]]|access-date=2024-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226200810/https://www.theregister.com/2024/02/26/lockbit_back_in_action/|archive-date=2024-02-26}}</ref> Situs anyar nyathet luwih saka rolas korban kalebu FBI, rumah sakit lan Fulton County, Georgia.<ref name="tr-back-from-the-dead-lockbit-taunts-cops" /> Situs anyar iki ngancam bakal ngeculake informasi babagan Fulton County kajaba tebusan dibayar ing tanggal 2 Maret 2024.<ref name="tr-back-from-the-dead-lockbit-taunts-cops" /> Situs anyar kasebut ngaku duwe identitas juri ing uji coba pembunuhan.<ref name="tr-back-from-the-dead-lockbit-taunts-cops" /> Ana uga ancaman kanggo ngeculake dokumen Fulton County sing ana hubungane karo kasus pengadilan sing nglibatake [[Donald Trump]] yen tebusan ora dibayar.<ref name="tr-back-from-the-dead-lockbit-taunts-cops" /> Tanggal 7 Mei 2024, dakwaan lan sanksi diumumake marang Dmitry Khoroshev, sing diduga administrator lan pangembang LockBit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/news/lockbit-leader-unmasked-and-sanctioned|title=LockBit leader unmasked and sanctioned|date=2024-05-07|website=NCA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507140533/https://nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/news/lockbit-leader-unmasked-and-sanctioned|archive-date=2024-05-07|access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/us-charges-russian-national-developing-and-operating-lockbit-ransomware|title=U.S. Charges Russian National with Developing and Operating LockBit Ransomware|date=2024-05-07|website=Justice.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507150559/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/us-charges-russian-national-developing-and-operating-lockbit-ransomware|archive-date=2024-05-07|access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref> Ing tanggal 21 Mei 2024, LockBit ngaku tanggung jawab kanggo serangan ing kantor perusahaan rantai ritel Kanada London Drugs, nuntut mbayar $25 yuta.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10516121/london-drugs-ransom-attack-employee/|title=London Drugs hackers seek millions in ransom on claims of stolen employee data|website=Global News|language=en-US|access-date=2024-05-22|archive-date=2024-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626022118/https://globalnews.ca/news/10516121/london-drugs-ransom-attack-employee/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://bc.ctvnews.ca/cybercriminals-threaten-to-leak-london-drugs-data-if-it-doesn-t-pay-25m-ransom-1.6895793|title=Cybercriminals threaten to leak London Drugs data if it doesn't pay $25M ransom|date=2024-05-21|website=CTV News British Columbia|language=en|access-date=2024-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522024836/https://bc.ctvnews.ca/cybercriminals-threaten-to-leak-london-drugs-data-if-it-doesn-t-pay-25m-ransom-1.6895793|archive-date=2024-05-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kabeh toko Obat London ditutup ing saindenging negoro wiwit 28 April–7 Mei 2024 amarga serangan kasebut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10479935/london-drugs-reopen-tuesday-cyberattack/|title=All London Drugs stores in Western Canada reopen following cyberattack|website=Global News|language=en-US|access-date=2024-05-22|archive-date=2024-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522051852/https://globalnews.ca/news/10479935/london-drugs-reopen-tuesday-cyberattack/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10456138/london-drugs-says-stores-in-western-canada-closed-until-further-notice/|title=‘Cybersecurity incident’ leads to closure of London Drugs stores in western Canada|website=Global News|language=en-US|access-date=2024-04-29|archive-date=2024-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510040935/https://globalnews.ca/news/10456138/london-drugs-says-stores-in-western-canada-closed-until-further-notice/|url-status=live}}</ref> London Drugs ora gelem mbayar tebusan, lan nyatakake yen data pelanggan lan "pegawe kunci" ora dikompromi.<ref name=":02" /> <ref name=":12" /> Ing wulan Juni 2024, LockBit ngaku tanggung jawab kanggo pelanggaran utama Evolve Bank & Trust, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-26/evolve-bank-trust-confirms-its-data-was-stolen-in-cyber-attack|title=Evolve Bank & Trust Confirms Data Was Stolen in Cyber Attack|last=Xie|first=Teresa|last2=Gorrivan|first2=Charles|date=2024-06-26|website=Bloomberg|access-date=2024-06-27|archive-date=2024-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626164335/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-26/evolve-bank-trust-confirms-its-data-was-stolen-in-cyber-attack|url-status=live}}</ref> bank mitra saka akeh perusahaan teknologi finansial kalebu Stripe, Mercury, Affirm, lan Airwallex.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pymnts.com/cybersecurity/2024/fintech-banking-partner-evolve-bancorp-hit-by-major-ransomware-attack/|title=FinTech Banking Partner Evolve Bancorp Hit by Major Ransomware Attack|last=|date=2024-06-26|website=PYMNTS.com|language=en-US|access-date=2024-06-27|archive-date=2024-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704232051/https://www.pymnts.com/cybersecurity/2024/fintech-banking-partner-evolve-bancorp-hit-by-major-ransomware-attack/|url-status=live}}</ref> Klompok kasebut ngancam bakal bocor data saka Federal Reserve AS, nanging data sing bocor kasebut katon langsung saka Evolve, dudu Federal Reserve.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyberdaily.au/security/10745-lockbit-lies-about-us-federal-reserve-data-publishes-alleged-evolve-bank-data|title=LockBit lies about US Federal Reserve data, publishes alleged Evolve Bank data|last=Croft|first=Daniel|date=2024-06-26|website=www.cyberdaily.au|language=en|access-date=2024-06-27|archive-date=2024-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627143154/https://www.cyberdaily.au/security/10745-lockbit-lies-about-us-federal-reserve-data-publishes-alleged-evolve-bank-data|url-status=live}}</ref> == Referensi == <references responsive=""></references> <references responsive="0"></references> [[Kategori:Kaca mawa pertalan kang durung kapriksa]] sk34fjuy5kooyvueqgkwocu9uw1upz4 MacGyver (sérial TV 1985) 0 197140 1760252 1756841 2026-11-06T09:44:46Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|1985 American television series}} {{about|sérial taun 1985 |reboot 2016 sérial sing padha|MacGyver (sérial TV 2016){{!}}''MacGyver'' (sérial TV 2016)|pagunan liya|MacGyver (dhisambiguasi)}} {{Infobox television | image = MacGyver.svg | genre = {{ubl|Aksi |pangumbaran / lelana | spion / mata-mata}} | creator = [[Lee David Zlotoff]] | starring = {{ubl|[[Richard Dean Anderson]]|[[Dana Elcar]]}} | narrated = Richard Dean Anderson | theme_music_composer = [[Randy Edelman]] | country = Amérika Sarékat | language = Basa Inggris | num_seasons = 7 | num_episodes = 139 {{small|+ 2 film TV}} | list_episodes = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes | executive_producer = {{ubl|[[Henry Winkler]]|[[John Rich (director)|John Rich]]}} | location = {{ubl|California, Amérika Sarékat |[[Vancouver]] and [[Burnaby]], British Columbia, Kanadha}} | runtime = 45–48 menit | company = {{ubl|Henry Winkler-John Rich Productions|[[Paramount Television (original)|Paramount Network Television]]<ref name="macgyverabc">"MacGyver (ABC...Richard Dean Anderson, Dana Elcar)". Memorable TV. 24 January 2017. http://www.memorabletv.com/tv/macgyver-abc-1985-1992/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106191812/https://www.memorabletv.com/tv/macgyver-abc-1985-1992/ |date=November 6, 2018 }}</ref>}} | network = [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]<ref name="macgyverabc"/> | first_aired = 29 Mèi 1985 | last_aired = 21 Mèi 1992 | related = [[MacGyver (sérial TV 2016)|''MacGyver'' (sérial 2016)]] (2016–2021) }} '''MacGyver''' iku sérial TV Amérika Sarékat wetonan taun 1985. MacGyver iku sawijining sérial ing genre aksi-lelana besutané Lee David Zlotoff lan dimainaké déning [[Richard Dean Anderson]]. Henry Winkler lan John Rich sing dadi sutradara èksekutifé. Sérial iki ngenani lelanané [[Angus MacGyver]], dhèwèké spion sing akalé akèh banget kanggo golèk solusi menawa ana masalah. Solusiné nganggo barang-barang sing ana ing cedhaké. MacGyver ditayangaké kapisan ing tanggal 18 Agustus 1989 ing Indonésia déning [[RCTI]].<ref> https://www.inews.id/lifestyle/film/5-film-barat-yang-pertama-kali-diputar-di-awal-berdirinya-rcti-manakah-yang-pernah-anda-tonton</ref> Salawasé sérial iki tayang saka taun 1985-1992 lan 1994 ana 139 épisodhe lan rong film TV. Sérial olèhé syuting ana ing Los Angeles nalika mangsa siji, loro, lan pitu, kamangka mangsa telu tekan enem ing Vancouver. Épisodhe pungkasan acara iki ditayangaké ing tanggal 25 April 1992, ing kanal ABC. Nanging sawisé iku ABC isih nayangaké épisodhe siji manèh ing tanggal 21 Mèi 1992. Sajatiné karepé épisodhe iki ditayangaké luwih dhisik, sadurungé épisodhe final. Sérial iki suksès banget lan akèh sing nggandrungi lan loyal. Sérial iki dadi populèr ing Amérika Sarékat lan saindenging donya, kalebu Indhonésia. Rong film TV asesirah ''Lost Treasure of Atlantis'' and ''Trail to Doomsday'' ditayangaké ing ABC taun 1994. Ing taun 2003 direncanakaké anané sérial sempalan (''spin off'') asesirah Young MacGyver, nanging namung épisodhe pilot waé sing digawé. Saliyané iku akèh waralaba sing digawé kaya ta dolanan komputer, dolanan médhia cithak, lan sérial original audhio. Banjur uga ana sérial balèn (''reboot'') sing ditayangaké ing CBS saka taun 2016 nganti 2021. CBS saiki ndarbèni hak sérial asli sawisé ngakuisisi Paramount Television. == Alur crita == Acara iki nuduhaké critané sang spion Angus MacGyver, sing diparagakaké déning Richard Dean Anderson, sing nyambut gawé minangka troubleshooter kanggo yayasan fiksi Phoenix Foundation ing Los Angeles lan uga minangka spion kanggo agènsi fiksi Amérika Sarékat ''Department of External Services'' (DXS) utawa Dhèpartemèn Dhines Nagara Ngamanca. Dhèwèké kuliah minangka ngèlmuwan fisika ing Western Tech ("Hell Week"), banjur MacGyver dhines ing Angkatan Dharat AS bagéan teknikus bom nalika Perang Viètnam ("Countdown"). Déné akalé akèh lan dhèwèké ndarbèni kawruh ènsiklopèdhis ngenani sains fisika, dadi dhèwèké bisa golèk solusi mecahaké masalah komplèks mawa nganggo barang-barang sadina-dina karo lading bala Swis sing mesthi dikanthongi, lakban, lan kadhangkala korèk geni. Dhèwèké luwih milih solusi tanpa gaman geni. Awit nalika cilik ana kancané umur 12 taun ora sengaja katémbak nganti mati. Katrampilané sing paling jos iku olèhé bisa nrapaké kawruh sainsé lan olèhé nduwé akal cara ngréka barang-barang padinan minangka solusi masalah angèl. Solusi pinter gagasané MacGyver marang masalah sing katoné ora ana solusiné, kerepé ing kahanan antara urip lan mati lan MacGyver kudu nemu solusiné in wektu sawetara menit, iku dadi daya tariké acara TV iki. Perkara iki nggawé para pamirsa umum padha nggandrungi sains terapan, kalebu ngèlmu insinyur, saliyané tentuné nggawé crita sing menarik.<ref>{{cite journal|journal= Design News|page= 50|author= Design News Staff|date =December 18, 2001|title= Engineers making a difference; Five engineers find the time to teach kids that engineering is cool}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Curtis |first=Tim |date=2015-02-26 |title='Next MacGyver' aims to attract female engineers |pages=5 |work=The Star-Democrat |agency=Capital News Service |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123353103/next-macgyver-aims-to-attract-female/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=April 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422232350/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123353103/next-macgyver-aims-to-attract-female/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kabèh kalakoné MacGyver ing acara iki dipriksa dhisik déning para pakar lan ngèlmuwan supaya njamin menawa kabèh iku ndarbèni dhasar ngèlmiah.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Michals |first=Bob |date=1985-12-15 |title=MacGyver: TV's Unsung Hero |pages=221 |work=The Palm Beach Post |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123354140/macgyver-tvs-unsung-hero-pg1/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=April 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422235327/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123354140/macgyver-tvs-unsung-hero-pg1/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ing sawetara kasus nalika MacGyver nganggo bahan kimia sadina-dina kanggo ngracik racun, bahan bledhosan, utawa barang liya sing dianggep mbebayani, menawa dicritakaké rinci, dhétailé ana sing diowahi utawa utawa digawé gamang utawa bahan wigati ora dicritakaké utawa ana langkah sing dibusak, supaya ora ditiru pamirsa.<ref name=britton /> Acara iki kadhangkala ngomongaké masalah-masalah sosial,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hughes |first=Mike |date=1990-11-12 |title=MacGyver explores new territory |pages=18 |work=Press and Sun-Bulletin |agency=Gannett News Service |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123354696/macgyver-explores-new-territory/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423001725/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123354696/macgyver-explores-new-territory/ |url-status=live }}</ref> nanging luwih kerep ing mangsa 4 nganti 7. Ing mangsa 1 nganti 3 acara iki luwih akèh nyritakaké olèhé MacGyver nyambut gawé kanggo Yayasan Phoenix Foundation utawa pamaréntahé Amérika Sarékat. == Pratélan épisodhe == <onlyinclude>{{Series overview | seasonT = Mangsa | color1 = #893f1c | link1 = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#Season 1 (1985–86) | linkT1 = 1 | episodes1 = 22 | start1 = {{Start date|1985|9|29}} | end1 = {{End date|1986|5|7}} | color2 = #016073 | link2 = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#Season 2 (1986–87) | linkT2 = 2 | episodes2 = 22 | start2 = {{Start date|1986|9|22}} | end2 = {{End date|1987|5|4}} | color3 = #3D6137 | link3 = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#Season 3 (1987–88) | linkT3 = 3 | episodes3 = 20 | start3 = {{Start date|1987|9|21}} | end3 = {{End date|1988|5|9}} | color4 = #AE0207 | link4 = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#Season 4 (1988–89) | linkT4 = 4 | episodes4 = 19 | start4 = {{Start date|1988|10|31}} | end4 = {{End date|1989|5|15}} | color5 = #1a4b74 | link5 = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#Season 5 (1989–90) | linkT5 = 5 | episodes5 = 21 | start5 = {{Start date|1989|9|18}} | end5 = {{End date|1990|4|30}} | color6 = #515761 | link6 = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#Season 6 (1990–91) | linkT6 = 6 | episodes6 = 21 | start6 = {{Start date|1990|9|17}} | end6 = {{End date|1991|5|6}} | color7 = #49387c | link7 = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#Season 7 (1991–92) | linkT7 = 7 | episodes7 = 14 | start7 = {{Start date|1991|9|16}} | end7 = {{End date|1992|5|21}} | color8S = #08615D | link8S = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#TV films (1994) | linkT8S = Film TV | episodes8S = 2 | start8S = {{Start date|1994|5|14}} | end8S = {{End date|1994|11|24}} }}</onlyinclude> Sawetara épisodhe, kalebu épisodhe pilot utawa épisodhe kapisan diwiwiti pambuka atis arané (cold opening), dadi MacGyver wis ana ing sawijiné misi. MacGyver kerep nyritakaké crita saka nalika enom sing ana gandhèngané karo kahanané saiki. Kahanané iki bisa agé dipungkasi lan crita utama diwiwiti sawisé pratélan para paraga lan prodhuser dituduhaké. Pambuka kaya mangkéné, kayadéné pambuka catur, luwih kerep ana ing épisodhe-épisodhe awal. Bagéan iki biasané sing nulis lan sutradarané séjé karo sutradarané bagéan utama. Sawisé iku, crita utama biasané dimainaké adhedasar struktur telung bagéan. Ing akèh épisodhe, adhegan pambuka kerepé diwiwiti sawisé pratélan para paraga lan prodhuser dituduhaké lan kerep ora ana MacGyveré ing sawijiné misi, nanging ana ing kahanan sing mrelokaké patuwuhing karakter. Mèmper adhegan 'pambuka catur', pambuka kaya mengkéné iki kerep ora ana gandhèngané karo crita utama. == Para paraga == [[File:Richard-dean-anderson-c1985 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Richard Dean Anderson nalika syuting MacGyver musim 3, wungkasané épisodhe 3 "Back from the Dead", sakiwatengené taun 1987]] * [[Richard Dean Anderson]] minangka [[Angus Macgyver]]. MacGyver iku sepion sing menawa bisa ora nggawa utawa nganggo gaman geni, amarga nalika cilik ana prastawa ngenani péstol sing marai kancané ketémbak mati.<ref name="brothers">{{cite episode| title=Brothers | series=MacGyver | network = American Broadcasting Company | season = 4 | number = 2}}</ref> Senadyan mengkono dhèwèké gelem nganggo gaman geni menawa ana, ya ondherdilé utawa péloré ing cara ora standar. Dhèwèké uga tau nganggo péstol minangka kunci Inggris. Kejaba ana telung kasus nalika dhèwèké nganggo gaman api minangka senjata, ya iku ing épisodhe kapisan, MacGyver katon némbak bedhil AK-47 sajeroné misi ing adhegan ‘pambuka catur,’ (menit 7:51 sajeroné episodhe); dhèwèké ngancem para wong culik nganggo bedhil ing adhegan pambuka épisodhe 10 mangsa pisan;<ref name="TargetMacGyver">{{cite episode| title=Target MacGyver | series= MacGyver | network = American Broadcasting Company | season = 1 | number = 10}}</ref> lan dhèwèké uga nganggo bedhil ing film TV ''Trail to Doomsday''. MacGyver kerep samar marang motivasi sawetara militèr bagéan pamaréntah AS sing seneng solusi kekerasan, dhèwèké nganggep Yayasan Phoenix Foundation sing ana ing Los Angeles lan ngwèhi awaké gawéan, minangka alternatif marang panegakan kukum sing luwih konvènsional (lan keras).<ref name="macgyverbook">{{cite book |author=Pieter Jacobus Fourie |title=Media Studies: Content, audiences, and production |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLiS7_vqB2EC&q=macGyver+production&pg=PA173 |isbn=978-0-7021-5656-4 |date=April 28, 2004 |publisher=Juta and Company |access-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-date=April 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426180837/https://books.google.com/books?id=OLiS7_vqB2EC&q=macGyver+production&pg=PA173 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Dana Elcar]] minangka Pete Thornton. Dhèwèké kuwi boss lan kancané MacGyver sing apik dhéwé. Dhèwèké iku pegawé ing ''Department of External Services'' (DXS) utawa Dhépartemèn Hubungan Ngamanca. Pete Thornton kagum marang akalé MacGyver nalika nggolèki Murdoc(Michael Des Barres), sawijining juru rajapati internasional lan wong sing pinter nyamar. Nalika Thornton dadi dhirèktur operasi ing Yayasan ''Phoenix Foundation'' sawetara taun sawisé, dhèwèké nglebokaké MacGyver minangka karyawan ing yayasan iku. Saliyané ngirim MacGyver tugas metu ing werna-werni tugas kanggo yayasan iki, Thornton kerep kudu nulungi MacGyver menawa olèh masalah, kamangka awaké dhéwé sajatiné lugu lan kurang akèh akalé nalika dhines ing lapangan. Thornton has nduwé anak lanang sing jenengé Michael. Ing pungkasané acara iki, Thornton ngidhep lelara glaukoma, sing uga mèlu katulis ing acara iki amerga Dana Elcar ya ngidhep lelara iki ing donya nyata. Dana Elcar iku sajatiné ing épisodhe pilot ya mèlu main, ananging minangka Andy Colson, Kepala Operasi ing laboratorium KIVA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/andy_colson.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919122954/http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/andy_colson.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 19, 2014 |title=MacGyver Online: Andy Colson |access-date=May 18, 2016 }}</ref> * [[Bruce McGill]] minangka Jack Dalton, dhèwèké kancané MacGyver sing lucu. Awaké iku serdhadhu bayaran lan pilot sing kerep olèh masalah lan nglèpètaké wong liya amarga awaké kepéngin cepet sugih. Namung MacGyver sing bisa nylametaké awaké. Menawa ngapusi mata kiwané kedhuten. Dalton iku kerep kepéngin macari para wanita sing ditepungaké marang awaké. == Prodhuksi == === Pangembangan === Nalika ngripta sérial ''MacGyver'', John Rich lagi nggarap kumidhi (''sitcom'') ''Mr. Sunshine'' kanggo ABC, sing namung sedhéla waé olèhé tayang lan agé dianulir. Henry Winkler lagi waé rampung ing sérial ''Happy Days'' sawisé sawelas taun lan lagi golèk proyèk anyar. Lee David Zlotoff kuwi nyambut gawé minangka sutradara kanggo sérial ''Remington Steele'', sing lagi tayang ing NBC. Wong telu iki ngumpul lan nggawé dhasaré ''MacGyver'' lan banjur ngedol idéné marang Paramaount. ABC banjur dadi katarik sérial iki. Vin DiBona, sing dadi prodhuser ''America's Funniest Videos'', ya mèlu kesembèt ing dina-dina awal.<ref name="macgyverbookrich" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYWxEvwwkno|title=Vin Di Bona discusses working with Henry Winkler on MacGyver - EMMYTVLEGENDS.ORG|via=www.youtube.com|access-date=November 23, 2022|archive-date=November 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123203403/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYWxEvwwkno|url-status=live}}</ref> === Syuting === Sérial iki difilem ing California Kidul nalika mangsa kapisan lan kapindho karo mangsa kaping pitu. Saka mangsa 3 nganti 6, sérial iku difilem ing sawetara lokasi sakiwa tengené Vancouver ing British Columbia, Kanadha. Senadyan ngono, Los Angeles panggah dadi sètting acara iki. Olèhé ngalih menyang Vancouver iku merga acara iki bisa dianulir déné anggaran prodhuksiné kedhuwuren. Ing mangsa 1 lan 2, MacGyver dituduhaké yèn awaké manggon ing apartemen sangarepé banyu ing panté Venice Beach. Ing mangsa 3, MacGyver ngalih menyang sawijiné omah prau, ing lokasi sing ora diarani, senadyan karepé ya isih ana ing Los Angeles. Sajatiné syutingé dilakoni ing Coal Harbour, cedhak tengahé Kutha Vancouver. Syutingé bali manèh menyang Los Angeles nalika mangsa pungkasan.<ref name="filmingcanada">{{cite web |author=Canadaka |title=TV Series Filmed in Canada |url=http://www.canadaka.net/content/page/127-tv-series-filmed-in-canada |work=Canadaka.net |access-date=April 25, 2009 |archive-date=August 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805073515/http://www.canadaka.net/content/page/127-tv-series-filmed-in-canada |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/locations.html|title=MacGyver Online: Filming Locations|access-date=December 2, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018141428/http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/locations.html|archive-date=October 18, 2017|url-status=dead}}{{unreliable source?|date=January 2022}}</ref> === Pamaragan === Nalika sérial iki isih ing wayah pra-prodhuksi, Winkler lan Rich golèk aktor sing cocog lan pantes. Sawisé Richard Dean Anderson main in sérial TV AS ''The Love Boat'', Winkler ngundhang Anderson supaya audhisi. Miturut Rich kabèh aktor sing audhisi, wagu. Nalika Anderson ing pungkasan mèlu audhisi, Winkler lan Rich ngrasakaké yèn Anderson bisa mènèhi karakter MacGyver watek manungsa, kamangka para aktor liyané ora bisa. Wong loro iku percaya yèn Anderson bisa dadi salah siji bintang anyar ing télévisi Amérika Sarékat. Wong ngerti yèn Anderson dhéwé sing nggarap dhéwé stunt sajeroné acara iki. Senadyan mengkono, ing mangsa-mangsa pungkasan, dhèwèké wis ora kerep nggarap dhéwé, déné awaké kerep cilaka. Dhèwèké gegeré tau tatu lan sikilé kudu dioperasi, amarga kacilakan sing dialami olèhé nyambut gawé minangka ''stuntman''.<ref name="macgyverbookrich" /><ref name="casting">{{cite web |last=Brady |first=James |title=In Step With Richard Dean Anderson |url=http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/98-12-27.htm |date=December 27, 1998 |publisher=Parade Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927080959/http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/98-12-27.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |access-date=May 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Michals |first=Bob |date=1985-12-15 |title=MacGyver: TV's Unsung Hero |pages=222 |work=The Palm Beach Post |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123354039/macgyver-tvs-unsung-hero/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=April 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422235322/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123354039/macgyver-tvs-unsung-hero/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="macgyverbookrich">{{cite book|author=John Rich|title=Warm Up the Snake|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CIW4EVwj1egC&q=macGyver+richard%20dean%20anderson&pg=PA157|access-date=May 14, 2009|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-11578-5|date=October 2006|archive-date=April 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426180858/https://books.google.com/books?id=CIW4EVwj1egC&q=macGyver+richard%20dean%20anderson&pg=PA157|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="stuntman">{{cite web|last1=Greenstein |first1=Lindsay |last2=Giles |first2=Laura |last3=Bogdan |first3=Alex |title=Kidsday: Talking with Richard Dean Anderson |url=http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/90-02-04.htm |date=February 4, 1990 |publisher=Newsday |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927081005/http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/90-02-04.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |access-date=May 18, 2016}}</ref> == Sajarah panayangan == Sawisé ndarbèni wiwitan sing alon, ''MacGyver'' dadi ''sleeper hit'' kanggo ABC ing mangsa kapindho. Sawisé iku acara iki enem taun salawasé dadi pambuka acara ''Monday Night Football'' ing ABC. Sajeroning sajarah, iki sing suwé dhéwé.<ref name="onetwohit">{{cite web |author=Suzanne Stevens |title=In a fix? Call MacGyver, not the average Joe who plays him |url=https://www.macgyveronline.com/articles/in-a-fix-call-macgyver-not-the-average-joe-who-plays-him/ |date=January 19, 1987 |publisher=People Weekly |access-date=May 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203185156/https://www.macgyveronline.com/articles/in-a-fix-call-macgyver-not-the-average-joe-who-plays-him/ |archive-date=December 3, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nalika ing mangsa kaping papat, Richard Dean Anderson komplain menawa ABC kurang olèhé nawakaké sérial iki. Dhèwèké nyatakaké menawa kanggo ABC sérial iki namung salah siji sérial aksi waé lan ABC kurang olèhé promosi sérial iki.<ref name="thephiladelphia">{{cite web |author=David Walstad |title=Series gets no respect, star says; Richard Dean Anderson faces his fourth season as MacGyver |url=https://www.macgyveronline.com/articles/richard-dean-anderson-faces-his-fourth-season-as-macgyver/ |date=July 24, 1988 |publisher=The Philadelphia Inquirer |access-date=May 14, 2009 |archive-date=May 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513193346/https://www.macgyveronline.com/articles/richard-dean-anderson-faces-his-fourth-season-as-macgyver/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mangsa kaping pitu ''MacGyver'' dicekak. Sawisé épisodhe kaping rolas ditayangaké ing tanggal 30 Dhèsèmber 1991, ''MacGyver'' ngilang saka jadwal ABClan ora bali nganti tanggal 25 April 1992, kala iku sérial iki wis dianulir Épisodhe final ditayangaké wengi iku, lan diiloni déning sawijiné épisodhe sing durung tau ditayangaké ing tanggal 21 Mèi 1992. Nalika ditakoni généya sérial iki dianulir, Anderson mangsuli: “Siji-sijiné alesan iku amarga kabèh wis sedya nglakoni barang liya, wis bisa ''move on''. Aku dhéwé wis kesel njaba njero lan ora nduwé urip pribadi.”<ref name="iceman">{{cite web |author=Mark Nollinger |title=Ice Man |url=http://rdanderson.com/archives/1997-07-05.htm |work=TV Guide |date=July 15, 1997 |access-date=May 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907162250/http://rdanderson.com/archives/1997-07-05.htm |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Pawiji === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Mangsa ! Épisodhe ! Ditayangaké kapisan ! Pungkasan ditayangaké ! Wektu ! Rangking ! Cacahé pamirsa |- | [[MacGyver (sérial TV 1985, mangsa 1)|1]] | 22 | 29 Sèptèmber 1985 | 7 Mèi 1986 | Dina Minggu jam 20:00<br />Dina Rebo jam 20:00 | #47<ref name="thetvratingsguide.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1985-86-ratings-history_15.html|title=The TV Ratings Guide: 1985-86 Ratings History|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013175016/http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1985-86-ratings-history_15.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | 14,6<ref name="thetvratingsguide.com"/> |- | [[MacGyver (sérial TV 1985, mangsa 2)|2]] | 22 | 22 Sèptèmber 1986 | 4 Mèi 1987 | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="6"| Dina Senèn jam 20:00 | #45<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1986-87-ratings-history.html|title=The TV Ratings Guide: 1986-87 Ratings History|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=June 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618160337/http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1986-87-ratings-history.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | 14,6<ref name="ReferenceA"/> |- | [[MacGyver (sérial TV 1985, mangsa 3)|3]] | 20 | 21 Sèptèmber 1987 | 9 Mèi 1988 | #53<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1987-88-ratings-history.html|title=The TV Ratings Guide: 1987-88 Ratings History|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620033900/http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1987-88-ratings-history.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | 12,9<ref name="ReferenceB"/> |- | [[MacGyver (sérial TV 1985, mangsa 4)|4]] | 19 | 31 Oktober 1988 | 15 Mèi 1989 | #42<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/written-protesting-program-preemptions.html|title=The TV Ratings Guide: 1988-89 Ratings History|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=June 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618205125/http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/written-protesting-program-preemptions.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | 13,6<ref name="ReferenceC"/> |- | [[MacGyver (sérial TV 1985, mangsa 5)|5]] | 21 | 18 Sèptèmber 1989 | 30 April 1990 | #47<ref name="ReferenceD">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1989-90-ratings-history.html|title=The TV Ratings Guide: 1989-90 Ratings History|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021000359/http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1989-90-ratings-history.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | 12,3<ref name="ReferenceD"/> |- | [[MacGyver (sérial TV 1985, mangsa 6)|6]] | 21 | 17 Sèptèmber 1990 | 6 Mèi 1991 | #52<ref name="sitcomsonline.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sitcomsonline.com/boards/showthread.php?t=328013|title=1990-91 Nielsen ratings - Sitcoms Online Message Boards - Forums|website=www.sitcomsonline.com|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=June 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625170113/https://www.sitcomsonline.com/boards/showthread.php?t=328013|url-status=live}}</ref> | 11,5<ref name="sitcomsonline.com"/> |- | [[MacGyver (sérial TV 1985, mangsa 7)|7]] | 14 | 16 Sèptèmber 1991 | 21 Mèi 1992 | #64<ref name="ReferenceE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sitcomsonline.com/boards/showthread.php?t=328155|title=The 1991-92 Season FULL Nielsen Ratings...and other interesting tidbits - Sitcoms Online Message Boards - Forums|website=www.sitcomsonline.com|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=August 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809073808/https://www.sitcomsonline.com/boards/showthread.php?t=328155|url-status=live}}</ref> | 9,6<ref name="ReferenceE"/> |} === Film TV === Ing taun 1994, sérial iki dibabar ing luwih saka 70 pasar sing béda-béda.<ref name="producingmacsequal" /> Amarga akèh sing njejaluk, ana rong film TV digawé, loro-loroné dibabar ing taun 1994. Film kapisan ajudhul ''[[MacGyver: Lost Treasure of Atlantis]]'' kababar pisan ing Amerika Sarékat ing sasi Mèi. Film iki olèhé syuting ing Inggris lan Grikenlan. Film kapindho ndarbèni judhull ''[[List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#TV films (1994)|MacGyver: Trail to Doomsday]]'', lan olèhé syuting in Inggris. Anderson makarya minangka prodhuser èksèkutif kanggo film loro iki,<ref name="producingmacsequal">{{cite web |first=Susan |last=King |title=Richard Dean Anderson producing Macsequels |url=http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/94-05-08.htm |date=May 8, 1994 |work=The Los Angeles Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927081143/http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/94-05-08.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |access-date=May 18, 2016}}</ref> sing disyuting ing Éropa.<ref name="anewimageformacgyver">{{cite news|first=Jerry |last=Buck |title=A New Image for MacGyver |url=http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/92-12-14.htm |date=December 14, 1992 |publisher=The Wichita Eagle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927081155/http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/92-12-14.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |access-date=May 18, 2011}}</ref> == Panayangan sindhikasi lan médhia omah == Tayangan ulang sérial iki isih ana ing Amérika Lor, Éropa, Ostrali, Asia, Kosta Rika, lan Étiyopia. Saliyané sindhikasi lokal, ulangan ya ditayangaké ing [[USA Network]] saka 1990 nganti 1997, ing [[WGN America]] saka 1998 nganti 2002, ing [[TV Land]] saka Januari 2003 nganti 2006, ing [[Paramount Network|Spike]] tau cekak ing taun 2005. Banjur uga tau tayang ing [[Cloo]] (2011–2017) mawa tayangan maraton ing dina Setu lan Minggu lan ing 13 Mèi 2015, [[Esquire Network]] uga miwiti tayangan ulang sérial iki. [[MeTV Network]] olèh hak kanggo nayangaké sérial iki ing tanggal 2 Dhèsèmber 2015. Sérial iki ditayangaké ing dina kerja soré lan wengi ing [[MeTV]] saka tanggal 19-12-2016 - 26-5-2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://woio.titantv.com|title=TitanTV Programming Guide|website=woio.titantv.com|access-date=June 1, 2022|archive-date=August 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810090111/http://woio.titantv.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing tanggal 15 Juni 2010, Paramount mbabar rong film TV ing format DVD ing Region{{nbsp}}1 ing sawijining rilis awujud cakram tunggal ajudhul ''MacGyver – The TV Movies.''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/MacGyver-The-TV-Movies/13505 |title=MacGyver DVD news: Date Change for MacGyver – The TV Movies |publisher=TVShowsOnDVD.com |access-date=February 25, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916024956/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/MacGyver-The-TV-Movies/13505 |archive-date=September 16, 2011 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Ing surya 13 Januari 2015, [[CBS Home Entertainment]] wara-wara menawa dhèwèké kabèh bakal mbabar vèrsi pakèt ulang sérial komplit ing DVD ing Region{{nbsp}}1, mawa rega sing luwih murah ing tanggal 7 April.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/MacGyver-The-Complete-Series/20648|title=Paramount to Re-Release 'The Complete Collection' on DVD|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418144029/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/MacGyver-The-Complete-Series/20648|archive-date=April 18, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! JUDHUL DVD !! Region 4 (Ostrali) |- | The Complete First Season || January 25, 2005 |- | The Complete Second Season || June 7, 2005 |- | The Complete Third Season || September 6, 2005 |- | The Complete Fourth Season || December 6, 2005 |- | The Complete Fifth Season || March 14, 2006 |- | The Complete Sixth Season || June 13, 2006 |- | The Final Season || October 24, 2006 |- | The Complete Series (39 Disc Set) || July 30, 2009 |- | The Complete Collection (38 Disc Set) || August 15, 2018 |} ===''Remaster'' ing format ''high definition''=== Ing sasi June 2018, [[CBS]] wara-wara menawa négatif kaméra orisinil, sing sadurungé dikira wis ilang, tibaké ketemu manèh, lan ''remaster'' ing format ''high definition'' saka sérial iki lagi digarap. Ing rilis pèrs tanggal 21 Juni wis didhedhesaké menawa telung mangsa kapisan wis rampung. Papat liyané isih kudu diremaster manèh sadurungé pungkasané taun 2018. Rilis pèrs iki uga nuduhaké kwalitas gambar sing luwih apik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.home.viacbscontent.com/news-press-details/the-original-macgyver-hd-remastered/|title=The Original MACGYVER - HD Remastered!|website=www.home.viacbscontent.com|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604084031/https://www.home.viacbscontent.com/news-press-details/the-original-macgyver-hd-remastered/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Pangaribawa == Sérial iki kerep disebut ing sawetara épisodhe ''[[The Simpsons]]'', mliginé menawa nyritakaké obsèsi mbakyuné [[Marge Simpson|Marge Simpson]] ya Oki ([[Patty Bouvier|Patty]] lan [[Selma Bouvier|Selma]]) marang acara iki lan olèhé mbakyuné iku nggandrungi karakter si MacGyver iki. Olèhé para mbakyu iki sakala-kala nonton acara iki, wis dadi anasir ora isa diowahi ing jadwal padinané, kaya dituduhaké ing épisodhe "[[Black Widower]]". Épisodhe iki uga nuduhaké sawijiné adegan fiksional MacGyver sing andhap asor olèhé nylametaké sawijiné désa. (“Ora sah kandha matur nuwun marang aku. Matura nuwun waé marang daya tariké grativasi wulan. ("''Don't thank me. Thank the moon's gravitational pull''."))<ref>{{cite episode |title=A Star Is Burns |episode-link=A Star Is Burns |series=The Simpsons |series-link=The Simpsons |airdate=1995-03-05 |season=6 |number=18}}</ref> Sajeroné épisodhe kapisan acarané Anderson ing tembé, ya iku, ''[[Stargate SG-1]]'', [[Amanda Tapping]] [[Ad libitum|ngimprovisasi]] yèn Angkatan Udara Amérika Sarékat kudu "MacGyveri" sawijiné Piranti Nilpun Omah kanggo Stargate (gapura lintang),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Allan |date=July 26, 1997 |title='Stargate': New Challenge for 'MacGyver' Star |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-07-27-9707270340-story.html |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=Chicago Tribune |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328010042/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-07-27-9707270340-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> lan sadetik sawisé Anderson katon "mèsem kecut” minangka réaksiné;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bianculli |first=David |date=1997-07-24 |title=Stargate SG1 is less than stellar |pages=118 |work=Daily News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121813910/stargate-sg1-is-less-than-stellar/ |access-date=2023-03-28 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328163104/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121813910/stargate-sg1-is-less-than-stellar/ |url-status=live }}</ref> para prodhuser, kalebu Anderson, "seneng" lan Anderson banjur ing tembé nyatakaké "Miturutku iku apik banget".<ref name=":0" /> (Senadyan mengkono, ukara iki dibusak nalika épisodhe iki dirilis ulang ing taun 2009.)<ref>{{cite web|title=Stargate SG-1: Children of the Gods – Final Cut review|url=http://www.reviewstream.com/reviews/?p=99007|publisher=ReviewStream.com|access-date=April 12, 2012|archive-date=February 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209123007/http://www.reviewstream.com/reviews/?p=99007|url-status=live}}</ref> Ing taun 2006, Anderson main ing sawijiné iklan télévisi ngenani MasterCard kanggo acara [[Super Bowl XL]]. Ing kana, dhèwèké bisa ngethok tali sing ngiket awaké mawa pewangi aroma wit pinus, nganggo kaos kaki lumrah minangka katrol kanggo sawijiné tali luncur gantung, lan embuh kepriyé carané bisa ngréparasi lan nyetarter truk sing ora fungsional nganggo klip kertas, balpèn, gelang karèt, [[pinsèt]], semprotan irung, lan cidhuk kalkun. Béda karo iklan MasterCard sadurungé sing nuduhaké wong tetuku barang anèh-anèh kanggo mungkasi tugas padinan, MacGyver dituduhaké mlayu saka salah sawijiné perangkap maut mawa barang-barang padinan umum sing wiji kurang saka $20. Iklan iki ing wusanané nuduhaké dhèwèké nukoni barang-barang kaya ngono ing sawijiné toko gedhé mawa kartu kredhité (minangka katrangan lucu kanggo kepriyé dhèwèké mesthi nduwé barang-barang sing diperlokaké nalika lunga menyang ngendi waé). Senadyan iklan iki implisit nyatakaké menawa Anderson maragakaké MacGyver, nanging ora diarani èksplisit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tow.com/2006/02/05/macgyver-mastercard-commercial/|title=MacGyver MasterCard Commercial|publisher=Tow.com|date=December 20, 2010|access-date=December 20, 2010|archive-date=April 30, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430115746/http://www.tow.com/2006/02/05/macgyver-mastercard-commercial/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ing sasi Agustus 2007 ana angkèt sing dianakaké déning Yayasan McCormick Tribune Foundation. Wong Amérika Sarékat padha milih MacGyver minangka pahlawan fiksi favorit sing dipéngèni menawa dhèwèké kabèh ana ing kahanan darurat.<ref name="macgyver2007">{{cite web | title= MacGyver is favorite disaster hero | url= https://www.smh.com.au/news/tv--radio/macgyver-trumps-jack-bauer/2007/09/13/1189276851582.html | work= The Sydney Morning Herald | date= September 13, 2007 | access-date= September 13, 2007 | archive-date= September 19, 2007 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070919213843/http://www.smh.com.au/news/tv--radio/macgyver-trumps-jack-bauer/2007/09/13/1189276851582.html | url-status= live }}</ref> Ing taun 2008, ukara “Apa sing arep dilakokaké déning MacGyver?” ("''What would MacGyver do?''") dienggo ing sawijiné iklan télévisi Niu Sélan kanggo bumbu-bumbu pawon Gregg's "freestyle cooking.” Iklan iki nuduhaké tembung MacGyver sing mbukak saka lempitan kaya déné puzzle nganggo péso oncèkan kenthang lan péso bendho sing binukak kaya ta leladingané [[Swiss Army knife|péso wadyabala Switserlan]].<ref>[http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/wwmd.html MacGyver Online web site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018140743/http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/wwmd.html |date=October 18, 2017}} has this commercial to watch online</ref> ==="MacGyver" lan "MacGyverisme”=== {{Further|MacGyver in popular culture#MacGyverisms and "to MacGyver"}} MacGyver nrapaké akal lan kawruhé ing sains, tèknologi, ngalam, lan ulahraga, kanggo golèk solusi menawa ngadhepi krisis maut. Dhèwèké bisa nyiptakaké barang migunani saka barang-barang prasaja, lan mung ngandelaké péso wadyabala Switserlan lan sélotip, dudu sanjata lan piranti canggih modhèren kaya mata-mata khas ing acara liya. Barang-barang panyiptané iku dadi sinonim karo karakter MacGyver iki lan diarani ''MacGyverisme'' déning wong-wong sing nggandrungi.<ref name="britton">Britton, Wesley, ''Spy Television'', Praeger/Greenwood, {{ISBN|0-275-98163-0}}, p. 212.</ref><ref name="rich">Rich, John, 2006, ''Warm Up the Snake: A Hollywood Memoir'', {{ISBN|0-472-11578-2}}, p. 167.</ref> Para juru tulis acara iki ndhasaraké barang-barang ciptanané MacGyver ing gagasan saka para adviseur sains, prastawa tenanan, barang-barang sing ditemokaké ing lokasi, lan idhé-idhé sing dikirim para ''penggemar'' ing sayembara mawa bebungah dhuwit.<ref name="britton" /><ref name="rich" /> Tembung MacGyverisme utawa ing basa Inggris ''MacGyverism'' iku kapisan diarani ing acara iki déning karakter Joanne Remmings ing épisodhe "Twice Stung" (mangsa 2, épisodhe 3). Tembung ''MacGyverism'' iku marai anané tembung kriya ''to MacGyver ing'' basa Inggris. Ing taun 1989, Richard Dean Anderson ndhiskusèkaké istilah iki sajeroné acara ''[[The Arsenio Hall Show]]''; Arsenio Hall tau krungu istilah iki dienggo lan tegesé 'nggarap sawijining barang kang mustakil', lan mènèhi panemuné tembung iki dimota ing bausastra. <ref>[http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/video11.html Arsenio Hall interview of Richard Dean Anderson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817091700/http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/video11.html|date=August 17, 2010}}. ''[[The Arsenio Hall Show]]''. 1989. MacGyver Online. accessed July 30, 2011.</ref> Jeneng ''MacGyver'' mlebu situs wèb bausastra ''[[Oxford Dictionaries (website)|Oxford Dictionaries]]'' minangka tembung kriya ing taun 2015 lan tegesé "nggawé utawa réparasi barang mawa cara improvisasi utawa inventif, nganggo barang-barang sing ana ing cedhak".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/macgyver |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822220510/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/macgyver |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 22, 2017 |title=MacGyver |work=Oxford Dictionaries }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-34075407|title=How 'MacGyver' became a verb|date=August 27, 2015|work=BBC|access-date=July 20, 2018|archive-date=November 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129041330/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-34075407|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Anugrah lan nominasi === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ |- ! width="18%" | Anugrah ! width="3.5%" | Taun ! width="25%" | Kategori ! Sing dinominasèkaké ! width="18%" | Épisodhe ! width="3.5%" | Kasil |- ! scope="row" | [[BMI Film & TV Awards]] | 1991 | BMI TV Music Award | Randy Edelman | | {{won}}<ref name=awards>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088559/awards|title = MacGyver - IMDb|website = [[IMDb]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="4" | [[Emmy Awards]] | 1987 | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Makeup (Non-Prosthetic)|Outstanding Achievement in Makeup for a Series]] | Rolf John Keppler, Michael Westmore, Robert Norin | "Friends" | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |- | 1989 | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One-Hour)|Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series]] | William H. Angarola, Miguel Rivera, Barbara Issak, Jon Johnson, Keith Bilderbeck, Art Ottinger, Steve Danforth | "Gold Rush" | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |- | 1990 | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One-Hour)|Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series]] | William H. Angarola, Miguel Rivera, Barbara Issak, George Nemzer, Guy Tsujimoto, David Long, Steve Danforth | "The Lost Amadeus" | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |- | 1992 | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Series|Outstanding Individual Achievement in Costuming for a Series]] | Thomas Welsh, Bernadette O'Brien | "Good Knight MacGyver", part I | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |- ! scope="row" | [[Genesis Awards]] | 1991 | Best TV - Drama | Paul B. Margolis, Henry Winkler | &ndash; | {{won}}<ref name=awards/> |- ! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" | [[TV Land Award]]s | 2005 | Greatest Gear or Admirable Apparatus | Richard Dean Anderson | &mdash; | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |- | 2007 | Most Uninsurable Driver | Richard Dean Anderson | &mdash; | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |- ! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" | [[Young Artist Award]]s | rowspan=2|1990 | Best Young Actor Guest Starring in a Television Series | Cuba Gooding Jr. | &ndash; | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |- | Best Young Actress Guest Starring in a Television Series | Holly Fields | &ndash; | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |} == ''Reboot'' sing gagal == [[Jared Padalecki]] mèlu main sawijiné pilot utawa épisodhe kapisan sérial MacGyver ''reboot'' (ulang anyar) sing gagal.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://screenrant.com/young-macgyver-supernatural-jared-padelecki-failed-show/ | title=Supernatural Star Jared Padalecki's Failed Young MacGyver Spinoff Explained | website=[[Screen Rant]] | date=May 2, 2021 }}</ref> == Sérial ''reboot'' anyar ing CBS taun 2016 == Ing sasi Oktober 2015, prodhuser èksèkutif sérial asli, Henry Winkler, napakastani kanggo mrodhuksi sérial ''reboot'' karo [[James Wan]] lan [[R. Scott Gemmill]] kanggo [[CBS]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2015/10/macgyver-series-remake-cbs-james-wan-henry-winkler-1201566340/|title='MacGyver' Series Remake Set At CBS, James Wan & Henry Winkler Producing|first1=Nellie|last1=Andreeva|date=October 2, 2015|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604084030/https://deadline.com/2015/10/macgyver-series-remake-cbs-james-wan-henry-winkler-1201566340/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ing sasi Mèi, stasiun TV iki njupuk sérial iki, mawa ko-kréator/ptodhuser èksèkutif [[Peter Lenkov]] minangka sing ngurusi acara,<ref>{{cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=May 13, 2016 |title='Training Day', 'Bull', 'MacGyver', 'The Great Indoors', Matt LeBlanc Comedy & Jason Katims Drama Picked Up By CBS |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/training-day-bull-macgyver-the-great-indoors-matt-leblanc-jason-katims-cbs-series-1201755376/ |publisher=Deadline |access-date=May 13, 2016 |archive-date=March 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327123108/https://deadline.com/2016/05/training-day-bull-macgyver-the-great-indoors-matt-leblanc-jason-katims-cbs-series-1201755376/ |url-status=live }}</ref> lan mesthèkaké yèn sérial anyar iki bakal ditayangaké ing tembé ing taun iku.<ref name="MacGyverFall">{{cite web|url=https://tvline.com/2016/05/18/macgyver-trailer-cbs-fall-video/|title=MacGyver: CBS Unveils Trailer for Upcoming Reboot of '80s Series|publisher=TV Line|last=Iannucci|first=Rebecca|date=May 18, 2016|access-date=May 20, 2016|archive-date=May 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520164415/http://tvline.com/2016/05/18/macgyver-trailer-cbs-fall-video/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nanging ing sasi Juni, stasiun TV njabel épisodhe pilot iki lan mesen épisodhe pilot anyar sing disutradarani déning Wan mawa Tiil lan Eads dadi para paraga. [[Justin Hires]] dikon main minangka Wilt Bozer, kanca sakamaré MacGyver.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/james-wan-direct-cbs-rebooted-903740|title=James Wan to Direct CBS' Rebooted 'MacGyver' Pilot|publisher=The Hollywood Reporter|last=Goldberg|first=Lesley|date=June 16, 2016|access-date=February 18, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116035745/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/james-wan-direct-cbs-rebooted-903740|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/06/macgyver-rush-hour-justin-hires-cast-cbs-series-reboot-1201771878/|title='MacGyver': 'Rush Hour's Justin Hires Cast In CBS Series Reboot|publisher=Deadline|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=June 13, 2016|access-date=February 18, 2020|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163311/https://deadline.com/2016/06/macgyver-rush-hour-justin-hires-cast-cbs-series-reboot-1201771878/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ing sasi Juni, ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' nglapuraké menawa [[Sandrine Holt]] dikon mainaké Patricia Thornton, sawijiné manten agèn mata-mata ing lapangan lan saiki dadi dhirèktur operasi ing ''Department of External Services'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/macgyver-casts-sandrine-holt-as-series-regular-1201815294/|title='MacGyver' Casts Sandrine Holt as Series Regular|publisher=Variety|last=Prudom|first=Laura|date=July 15, 2016|access-date=December 11, 2017|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143421/https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/macgyver-casts-sandrine-holt-as-series-regular-1201815294/|url-status=live}}</ref> lan[[Tristin Mays]] dikon mainaké Riley Davis, ya iku hacker utawa peretas komputer sing ora stabil lan nduwé isu pribadi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/macgyver-tristan-mays-cast-cbs-1201824668/|title=Tristin Mays Joins 'MacGyver' Completing Cast of CBS Reboot|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|last=Wagmeister|first=Elizabeth|date=July 27, 2016|access-date=December 11, 2017|archive-date=August 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828034645/https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/macgyver-tristan-mays-cast-cbs-1201824668/|url-status=live}}</ref> Acara ''reboot'' iki lumaku nganti taun 2021, sawisé iku dianulir. == Ing médhia liyané == ===''Game'' punsèl=== Sawijiné ''game'' 3D puzzle adhedhasar sérial TV iki mawa judhul ''MacGyver: Deadly Descent'' dirilis ing [[iOS]] lan [[Android (sistém operasi)|Android]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pocketgamer.com/articles/059629/macgyver-deadly-descent-walkthrough-for-ios-and-android-laser-quest-puzzles/|title=MacGyver: Deadly Descent walkthrough for iOS and Android - Laser Quest puzzles|first=Mark|last=Brown|website=www.pocketgamer.com|date=May 22, 2014 |access-date=May 2, 2020|archive-date=October 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006215916/https://www.pocketgamer.com/articles/059629/macgyver-deadly-descent-walkthrough-for-ios-and-android-laser-quest-puzzles/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''MacGyver and the New Citan''=== Anderson maragakaké karakter MacGyver manèh ing sasi Sèptèmber 2012 ing sawijiné sérial film-film cendhak, digawé déning [[Mercedes-Benz]] kanggo ngrilis MPV [[Mercedes-Benz Citan|Citan]]é sing anyar in Éropa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/television/MacGyver-Gets-Comeback-Mercedes-Benz-Web-Episodes-45879.html |title=MacGyver Gets A Comeback In Mercedes-Benz Web Episodes |last=Kasperowicz |first=Leslie |work=Cinema Blend |date=August 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518190114/http://www.cinemablend.com/television/MacGyver-Gets-Comeback-Mercedes-Benz-Web-Episodes-45879.html |archive-date=May 18, 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=May 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-656174-1-1521664-1-0-1-0-0-1-13457-656174-0-1-0-0-0-0-0.html |title=MacGyver and the new Citan: every hero needs a strong partner |publisher=[[Daimler AG]] |location=Stuttgart |date=August 14, 2012 |access-date=May 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019170310/http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-656174-1-1521664-1-0-1-0-0-1-13457-656174-0-1-0-0-0-0-0.html |archive-date=October 19, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Buku komik === Buku komik tau dibabar lan katampa apik saindhenging donya. Cithakan kapisan ludhes sajeroné rong minggu<ref>{{cite web |url=http://macgyveronline.com/news/macgyver-comic-sells-out-in-less-than-2-weeks |title=MacGyver comic sells out in less than 2 weeks |work=MacGyver Online |date=October 31, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801045300/http://macgyveronline.com/news/macgyver-comic-sells-out-in-less-than-2-weeks |archive-date=August 1, 2013 |access-date=May 18, 2016}}</ref> lan olèh resènsi apik ing situs buku komik gedhé. Senadyan mengkono Tommy Lee, pangripta pokok, ndhedhes ing sasi Sèptèmber 2014, nanging in gunggungé sérial iki kurang payu kanggo njamin sérial kapindho.<ref>{{cite web|title=No more comics planned|url=http://www.macgyveronline.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=7955|publisher=MacGyver Online Forums|access-date=April 1, 2015|archive-date=May 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525023357/http://www.macgyveronline.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=7955|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala njaba == {{Wikiquote}} * {{official website|https://macgyver.com/}} * [http://www.macgyveronline.com/ MacGyver Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125081545/https://www.macgyveronline.com/ |date=2021-01-25 }} Situs fan * {{IMDb title|id=0088559}} [[Kategori:MacGyver|*]] e5fuoua94yvo5yeye1ujj5fcs9b8xvz Fusi asrep 0 197428 1759961 1702685 2026-11-05T18:18:28Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759961 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cold-fusion-calorimeter-nhe-diagram.png|thumb|250px|Diagram [[kalorimeter]] ing Institut Energi Hidrogen Anyar ing Jepun.]] '''Fusi asrep''' (''Cold fusion'') menika satunggaling jinis [[Réaksi nuklir|reaksi nuklir]] ingkang dipunwastani saged kedadosan wonten ing [[suhu kamar]] utawi suhu ingkang celak kaliyan suhu kamar. Menika benten sanget kaliyan fusi "panas" ingkang sampun dipunmangertosi kedadosan kanthi alamiah wonten ing lintang lan kanthi artifisial wonten ing [[bom hidrogen]] lan reaktor fusi prototip wonten ing tekanan ingkang ageng lan suhu jutaan derajat, lan benten kaliyan [[Fusi nuklir|fusi]] ingkang dipunkatalisis [[muon]]. Ing wekdal menika dereng wonten model teoritis ingkang dipuntampi ingkang saged nerangaken kedadosanipun fusi asrep. Ing taun 1989, kalih elektrokimawan saking [[Universitas Utah]], Martin Fleischmann lan Stanley Pons, nglapuraken bilih piranti panaliten piyambakipun ngasilaken panas ingkang boten limrah ("panas langkung") kanthi agengipun ingkang dipunandharaken boten saged dipunterangaken kajawi kanthi proses nuklir.<ref>{{cite web |mode = cs2 |title = 60 Minutes: Once Considered Junk Science, Cold Fusion Gets A Second Look By Researchers |url = https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cold-fusion-is-hot-again/ |publisher = [[CBS]] |date = 17 April 2009 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120212001503/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/04/17/60minutes/main4952167.shtml |archive-date = 12 February 2012 }}</ref> Piyambakipun ugi nglapuraken manggihi produk samping reaksi nuklir alit, kalebet neutron lan tritium.<ref name=FP1989>{{harvnb|Fleischmann|Pons|1989|p=301}} ("It is inconceivable that this [amount of heat] could be due to anything but nuclear processes... We realise that the results reported here raise more questions than they provide answers...")</ref> Eksperimen alit wonten ing meja menika ngginakaken [[elektrolisis toya]] abot wonten ing permukaanipun elektroda [[paladhiyum]] (Pd). Asil ingkang dipunlaporaken pikantuk kawigatosan ageng saking media lan nuwuhaken pangajeng-ajeng sumber energi ingkang mirah lan kathah. Kathah ilmuwan ingkang nyobi ngambali eksperimen menika kanthi katrangan ingkang winates. Pangajeng-ajeng dados kirang amargi kathahipun kegagalan anggenipun ngambali, penarikan sawetawis laporan positif ingkang sampun dipunlaporaken, panemuan kekirangan metodologis saha kalepatan eksperimental wonten ing panaliten aslinipun, lan pungkasanipun, konfirmasi bilih Fleischmann lan Pons boten ningali produk samping reaksi nuklir ingkang dipunajeng-ajeng. Dumugi pungkasaning warsa 1989, kathah ilmuwan ingkang nganggep klaim fusi asrep sampun pejah, lan fusi asrep salajengipun pikantuk reputasi minangka ilmu patologis.<ref name="nytdoe">{{cite news|mode=cs2|date=25 March 2004|title=US will give cold fusion a second look|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/25/us/us-will-give-cold-fusion-second-look-after-15-years.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=8 February 2009| first=Kenneth| last=Chang}}</ref><ref name="Ouellette">{{cite web|mode = cs2|date = 23 December 2011|title = Could Starships Use Cold Fusion Propulsion?|url = http://news.discovery.com/space/could-interstellar-starships-use-cold-fusion-propulsion-111223.html|work = Discovery News|first = Jennifer|last = Ouellette|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120107185538/http://news.discovery.com/space/could-interstellar-starships-use-cold-fusion-propulsion-111223.html|archive-date = 7 January 2012}}</ref> Ing warsa 1989 [[Departemen Energi Amerika Serikat]] (DOE) damel dudutan bilih asil laporan bab panas ingkang langkung boten maringi bukti ingkang meyakinaken minangka sumber energi ingkang migunani lan mutusaken boten ngalokasikaken dana mligi kangge fusi asrep. Tinjauan DOE kaping kalih ing warsa 2004, ingkang ningali panaliten enggal, dumugi dudutan ingkang sami lan boten ngasilaken pendanaan DOE kangge fusi asrep. Ing wekdal sapunika, amargi artikel bab fusi asrep arang dipunterbitaken wonten ing jurnal ilmiah utama ingkang dipuntelaah dening [[peer-review]], pramila boten narik kawigatosan tingkat pengawasan ingkang dipunajeng-ajeng kangge [[publikasi ilmiah]] aliran utama.<ref>{{harvnb|Goodstein|1994}}, {{harvnb|Labinger|Weininger|2005|p=1919}}</ref> Ananging, sawetawis kawigatosan tumrap fusi asrep taksih lumampah ngantos puluhan warsa - tuladhanipun, upaya replikasi ingkang gagal ingkang dipunbiayai dening [[Google]] dipunterbitaken wonten ing [[Nature (jurnal)|Nature]] warsa 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Koziol|first=Michael|date=22 March 2021|title=Whether Cold Fusion or Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions, U.S. Navy Researchers Reopen Case|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/cold-fusion-or-low-energy-nuclear-reactions-us-navy-researchers-reopen-case|access-date=2021-03-23|website=IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Berlinguette | first1 = C.P. | last2 = Chiang | first2 = YM. | last3 = Munday | first3 = J.N. | display-authors = etal | year = 2019| title = Revisiting the cold case of cold fusion | url = | journal = Nature | volume = 570 | issue = 7759| pages = 45–51 | doi = 10.1038/s41586-019-1256-6 | pmid = 31133686 | bibcode = 2019Natur.570...45B | s2cid = 167208748 }}</ref> Sak menika, wonten komunitas alit panaliti taksih nglajengaken panaliten, asring ngginakaken istilah alternatif "reaksi nuklir energi rendah" (''low-energy nuclear reaction''; LENR) utawi ilmu nuklir materi terkondensi (CMNS).<ref name="ACS Press Release">{{cite web|mode = cs2|url = http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-03/acs-fr031709.php|title = 'Cold fusion' rebirth? New evidence for existence of controversial energy source|publisher = [[American Chemical Society]]|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141221073942/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-03/acs-fr031709.php|archive-date = 21 December 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|ps=|Hagelstein|McKubre|Nagel|Chubb|2004}}<ref>{{cite web |title=ICMNS FAQ |url=http://www.iscmns.org/FAQ.HTM#ref2 |publisher=International Society of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103020057/http://iscmns.org/FAQ.HTM#ref2 |archive-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> == Sitiran == 9njco21i7wn2l2j220pizcsse9vgytc Liga Sepak Bola Profesional Uzbekistan 0 197447 1760239 1721259 2026-11-06T08:57:52Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kothakinfo paguyuban|name=Liga Sepak Bola Profesional Uzbekistan|image=PFL new.png|caption=|map={{Infobox mapframe |shape=none |coord={{Coord|41.279036|N|69.212472|E}}|length_km=0.5|marker-colour=#5E75F2 |background color=red|geomask-stroke-color=#F5EeF2|zoom=20}}|map2=|abbreviation=OʻzPFL<br />OʻzPFL|motto=|formation=2008|extinction=|type=Organisasi [[Olahraga]] lan [[Asosiasi bal-balan|bal-balan]]|status=|purpose=|headquarters=|location=47, Jalan Bunyodkor, [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]]|membership=[[Asian Football Confederation]]<br />[[Forum Liga Donya]]|language=[[Basa Uzbèk|Uzbèk]], [[Basa Rusia|Rusia]], [[Basa Inggris|Inggris]]|leader_title=Direktur Jenderal|leader_name=[[Diyor Imamhojaev]]|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|key_people=|main_organ=|parent_organization=[[Asosiasi Bal-balan Uzbekistan]]<br />[[Kamentrian Olahraga (Uzbekistan)|Kamentrian Olahraga]]|affiliations=|budget=|website={{url|pfl.uz}}|remarks=}}'''Liga Sepak Bola Profesional Uzbekistan''', singkatan '''UzPFL''' ([[Basa Uzbèk|Uzbek]]: ''Oʻzbekiston professional futbol ligasi / Oʻzbekiston professional futbol ligasi'', '''OʻzPFL''', '''OʻzPFL''') – sawijining organisasi bal-balan sing ngatur lan ngatur kabeh sistem bal-balan negara. Ing taun 2008, sawise rekomendasi saka Konfederasi Bal-balan Asia, iki dipisahake saka Federasi Sepak Bola Uzbekistan dadi organisasi independen. Ngoordinasi kompetisi bal-balan profesional kayata Liga Super, Liga Pro, Liga Pertama, Piala Uzbekistan, Piala Liga, Piala Super Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan U19 lan U21, lan sapiturute. menehi instruksi babagan olahraga lan aktivitas organisasi lan manajerial, uga hubungan. Nggampangake organisasi kompetisi bal-balan ing macem-macem tingkat kanthi kerjasama karo kementerian, departemen, perusahaan, lan organisasi Uzbekistan. Iki minangka salah sawijining liga utama ing Asia babagan lisensi. Wiwit Maret 2024, limang perusahaan ing Uzbekistan dadi sponsor resmi liga kasebut. == Sajarah == Ing taun 1992, iki minangka bagéan saka struktur organisasi Federasi Sepak Bola Uzbekistan lan dadi divisi sing tanggung jawab kanggo nganakake kompetisi bal-balan profesional ing Uzbekistan. Ing awal 2008, Konfederasi Bal-balan Asia nyaranake Federasi Bal-balan Uzbekistan kanggo netepake PFL minangka organisasi sing kapisah. Iki diadegaké tanggal 20 Juni 2008 ing Rapat Umum Asosiasi Sepak Bola lan Klub Sepak Bola Uzbekistan lan didaftaraké déning Departemen Kehakiman Republik Uzbekistan tanggal 2 Juli. Wiwit taun 2008 nganti 2018, juara bal-balan pemuda Uzbekistan. Wiwit 2019 nganti 2023, ngawasi nyelenggarakake bal-balan wanita (Liga Utama, Liga Pertama, Piala, Piala Super), lan wiwit taun 2017 nganti 2025 nganakake juara futsal (Liga Utama, Piala lan liya-liyane) Uzbekistan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sports.uz/news/view/uzpfl-futzal-musobaqalarini-yangi-bosqichga-olib-chiqish-uchun-muhim-qadamni-tashladi-20-03-2023|title=УзПФЛ футзал мусобақаларини янги босқичга олиб чиқиш учун муҳим қадамни ташлади|language=uz}}</ref>. Dadi anggota Asosiasi Liga Sepak Bola Profesional Dunia tanggal 10 Januari 2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pfl.uz/uzb/news/detail/15064|title=UzPFL :: O'zPFL Jahon Professional futbol ligalari assotsiatsiyasi a'zosiga aylandi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110155720/https://pfl.uz/uzb/news/detail/15064|archive-date=2023-01-10|access-date=2023-05-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldleaguesforum.com/en/members|title=Members|last=Forum|first=World Leagues|website=World Association of Professional Football Leagues|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605032941/https://worldleaguesforum.com/en/members|archive-date=2023-06-05|access-date=2023-05-01}}</ref>. == Tujuan == Tujuan utama Liga Sepak Bola Profesional Uzbekistan yaiku kanggo koordinasi penyelenggaraan kompetisi bal-balan profesional ing wilayah Republik Uzbekistan antarane tim bal-balan ing Liga Super, Liga Pro, Liga Pertama, Liga Tinggi lan Liga Pertama ing Futsal, Piala Uzbekistan, Piala Liga, Piala Super Uzbekistan, kabeh kategori umur Uzbekistan, kanggo ngatur lan nganakake kompetisi ing antarane klub bal-balan, koordinasi bal-balan profesional kompetisi, organisasi lan tumindak kompetisi antarane klub bal-balan, uga manajemen olahraga, aktivitas organisasi lan managerial lan hubungan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kun.uz/uz/news/2018/03/24/pfl-superliga-takvimini-uzgartirdi-va-uzgarislarga-izo-berdi|title=PFL Superliga taqvimini o'zgartirdi va o'zgarishlarga izoh berdi|publisher=kun.uz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lex.uz/docs/-1683015|title=Sport maktablari faoliyatini hamda sport maktablari trenerlari va mutaxassislari mehnatini moddiy rag'batlantirish tizimini yanada takomillashtirish to'g'risida|last=|publisher=[[LexUz]]}}</ref>. Saben sasi miturut voting para ahli, nemtokake pemenang ing nominasi pemain paling apik, wasit paling apik, gol paling apik ing Liga Super Uzbek, lan ngatur karya menehi penghargaan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://championat.asia/oz/news/pfl-oyning-eng-yaxshilarini-aniqlash-mexanizmini-ozgartirdi|title=PFL oyning eng yaxshilarini aniqlash mexanizmini o'zgartirdi}}</ref>. Saben wulan, iki nemtokake pemenang klub bal-balan paling apik ing Uzbekistan, pemain wanita / pria paling apik, wasit paling apik lan nominasi liyane lan ngatur penghargaan ing pungkasan taun<ref>{{YouTube|mx9m1zyDygM|PROFESSIONAL FUTBOL LIGASI TAQDIRLASH MAROSIMI - 2022}}</ref>. == Pemimpin == Farkhad Magametov makarya minangka kepala pisanan organisasi ing 2008-2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://championat.asia/oz/news/omad-sizga-farhod-magomedov|title=Omad sizga, Farhod Magomedov|last=Diyor Imamhojaev|publisher={{ill|championat.asia|uz}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111102424/https://championat.asia/oz/news/omad-sizga-farhod-magomedov|archive-date=2024-01-11|access-date=2023-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kun.uz/uz/news/2017/10/10/farod-magomedov-pfl-direktorligidan-busatildi|title=Farhod Magomedov PFL direktorligidan bo'shatildi|language=uz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626114739/https://kun.uz/uz/news/2017/10/10/farod-magomedov-pfl-direktorligidan-busatildi|archive-date=2022-06-26|access-date=2023-05-07}}</ref>. Saka September 2017 nganti 2019, Amon Gafurov mimpin organisasi kasebut<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kun.uz/uz/news/2019/06/17/pfl-bosh-direktori-omon-gofurov-istefoga-chiqdi|title=PFL bosh direktori Omon G'ofurov iste'foga chiqdi|language=uz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703112420/https://kun.uz/uz/news/2019/06/17/pfl-bosh-direktori-omon-gofurov-istefoga-chiqdi|archive-date=2022-07-03|access-date=2023-05-07}}</ref>. Mengko, ing 2019-20, organisasi kasebut dipimpin dening Davron Shoqurbanov<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://championat.asia/oz/news/rasman-davron-shakurbanov-ozpfl-bosh-direktori-vazifasini-vaqtincha-bajaruvchi-etib-tayinlandi|title=Rasman: Davron SHakurbanov O'zPFL bosh direktori vazifasini vaqtincha bajaruvchi etib tayinlandi|language=uz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703112421/https://championat.asia/oz/news/rasman-davron-shakurbanov-ozpfl-bosh-direktori-vazifasini-vaqtincha-bajaruvchi-etib-tayinlandi|archive-date=2022-07-03|access-date=2023-05-07}}</ref>. Diyor Imamhojaev, sing sementara dadi Direktur Umum wiwit taun [[2020]] nganti [[2022]], diangkat dadi Direktur Umum organisasi kasebut ing taun 2022<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kun.uz/uz/news/2019/02/27/bukmekerlik-idoralari-kelishilgan-oyinlar-va-futboldagi-korrupsiya-pfl-rahbariyati-bilan-suhbat|title=Bukmekerlik idoralari, kelishilgan o'yinlar va futboldagi korrupsiya. PFL rahbariyati bilan suhbat|language=uz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111102308/https://kun.uz/uz/news/2019/02/27/bukmekerlik-idoralari-kelishilgan-oyinlar-va-futboldagi-korrupsiya-pfl-rahbariyati-bilan-suhbat|archive-date=2024-01-11|access-date=2023-05-07}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Jeneng !Ditunjuk !Kuciwa |- |Farkhad Magametov |04.09.2008 |04.09.2017 |- |Omon Gafurov |04.09.2017 |17.06.2019 |- |Davron Shokurbanov |17.06.2019 |26.05.2020 |- |[[Diyor Imamkhodjaev]] |26.05.2020 |nganti saiki |} === Komite Eksekutif === Diyor Imamhojaev, Direktur Umum<ref name="pfl">{{Cite web|url=https://pfl.uz/uzb/pfl/staff|title=O'zbekiston Professional futbol ligasi Ijroiya qo'mitasi|publisher=Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043505/https://pfl.uz/uzb/pfl/staff|archive-date=2023-03-15|access-date=2023-04-04}}</ref>. [[Odil Ahmedov]], anggota Komite Eksekutif, wakil presiden Asosiasi Sepak Bola Uzbekistan<ref name="pfl"/>. Tulabek Akramov, anggota Komite Eksekutif, vice-presiden FC Lokomotiv Tashkent<ref name="pfl"/>. Bahodir Mirzayev, anggota Komite Eksekutif, direktur umum Olmaliq FK<ref name="pfl"/>. Alisher Yusupov, anggota Komite Eksekutif, manajer FC Nasaf<ref name="pfl"/>. Oybekkhan Ibrahimkhanov, anggota Komite Eksekutif, konsultan hukum Liga Sepak Bola Profesional Uzbekistan<ref name="pfl"/>. == Kompetisi ing yurisdiksi UzPFL == === Liga Super Uzbekistan === [[Barkas:Uzbekistan Superleague (cropped).jpg|jmpl|136x136px|Liga Super Uzbekistan]] Liga Super Uzbekistan minangka divisi paling dhuwur ing sistem kompetisi bal-balan Uzbekistan, ing ngendi klub bal-balan profesional melu<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kun.uz/15166201#!|title=O'zbekistonda Superliga tashkil etiladi}}</ref>. Iki diadegaké ing taun 1992 kanthi jeneng Liga Tertinggi. Kejuaraan kasebut bakal dianakake ing wulan Maret-November lan saben tim bakal main 26 pertandhingan. Wiwit taun 2019, sponsor judhul kasebut bakal diarani Liga Super Pepsi dhisik, banjur Liga Super Coca Cola wiwit taun 2020. Wiwit taun 2024, bakal diarani Liga Super Artel. Ing sajarah kejuaraan Uzbekistan, total 45 klub sing melu, lan mung 8 sing tekan podium juara: „Pahtakor“ – 16 kali, „Neftchi“ – 5 kali, „Bunyodkor“ – 5 kali, „Lokomotiv“ – 3 kaping, „Dostlik“ – 2 kaping, MHSK – 1 wektu, „Navbahor“ – 1 wektu, „Nasaf“ – 1 wektu. Ing taun-taun sing beda-beda, jumlah tim ing kejuaraan Uzbekistan beda-beda. Ing taun-taun kapisan, 16 tim melu kejuaraan, banjur ing taun-taun sing beda-beda jumlah tim ana 14, 18 lan 20. Ing taun 2025, jumlah tim juara bakal dadi 16<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.stadion.uz/uz/news/detail/416596|title=2025 yilgi mavsumdan boshlab Superligada 16 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi}}</ref>. == Piala Uzbekistan == Iku kompetisi piala bal-balan nasional sing diatur dening Liga Sepak Bola Profesional Uzbekistan. Kompetisi Piala Uzbekistan wis dianakake wiwit taun 1992. Pemenang kapisan ing lomba kasebut yaiku FC Navbahor Namangan. Pemenang Piala Uzbekistan entuk hak kanggo melu ing [[Liga Juwara AFC|Liga Champions AFC]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soccer365.ru/competitions/1365/|title=Кубок Узбекистана}}</ref>. Klub bal-balan Pakhtakor dianggep minangka pemegang rekor kanggo jumlah kamenangan ing Piala Uzbekistan (ping 13). Klub „Bunyodkor“ lan „Nasaf Qarshi“ menang 4 kali, „Navbahor Namangan“ lan „Lokomotiv Tashkent“ – 3 kali, „Neftchi Fargʻona“ – 2 kali, „AGMK“, „Andijan“ lan „Dustlik Tashkent“- 1 wektu saben<ref>[https://t.me/uzpfl/63537 Andijon Oʻzbekiston kubogiga ega chiqqan 9-klubga aylanishi mumkin]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://championat.asia/oz/news/ozbekiston-kubogi-finallar-tarixidan|title=O'zbekiston Kubogi. Finallar tarixidan|publisher=championat.asia}}</ref>. === Piala Liga Uzbekistan === Piala Liga Uzbekistan minangka kompetisi bal-balan putra saben taun. Kompetisi, sing wis dianakake wiwit taun 2010 dening Liga Sepak Bola Profesional Uzbekistan lan Asosiasi Sepak Bola Uzbekistan, ora dianakake ing taun 2016-2018. Piala Liga Uzbekistan diatur kanggo pisanan ing 2019. Iki bakal dirawuhi utamane dening klub Uzbek, uga klub bal-balan saka Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan lan Kazakhstan kanthi undhangan UzPFL. Pemenang pertama kompetisi yaiku tim „Pakhtakor“ saka Tashkent<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pfl.uz/uzb/clubs/1|title=arxiv nusxasi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610044221/https://pfl.uz/uzb/clubs/1|archive-date=2023-06-10}}</ref>. === Piala Super Uzbekistan === [[Barkas:2019_Uzbekistan_Super_Cup_4.png|jmpl|255x255px|Piala Super Uzbekistan 2019]] Kompetisi [[bal-balan]] pramusim siji-pertandingan sing dianakake sadurunge musim diwiwiti ing [[Uzbèkistan|Uzbekistan]] saben taun. Iki ditandingi dening pemenang Liga Uzbek lan Piala Uzbek ing musim sadurunge<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://championat.asia/uz/news/367773|title=Ўзбекистон Суперкубоги - 2024. Сейткамолов, Кошелев, Пишур, Машарипов. Олдинги 8 та ўйинда кимлар майдонга тушган?}}</ref>. === Liga Pro Uzbekistan === Tanggal 21 November 2017, miturut keputusan manajemen PFL, Liga Pertama Uzbekistan resmi diganti dadi Liga Pro Uzbekistan wiwit musim 2018. Liga dikurangi saka 18 dadi 16 tim<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pfl.uz/uzb/clubs/1|title=arxiv nusxasi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610044221/https://pfl.uz/uzb/clubs/1|archive-date=2023-06-10|access-date=2023-01-30}}</ref>. === Liga pisanan Uzbekistan === Wis operasi wiwit 2010. Wiwit musim 2010, kompetisi liga pisanan dipérang dadi rong wilayah: wilayah wétan lan wilayah kulon. Tim wilayah wétan dumadi saka Andijan, Namangan, Fergana lan klub bal-balan regional Tashkent. Tim ing wilayah Kulon dumadi saka klub bal-balan Syrdarya, Jizzah, Navoi, Samarkand, Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya, Bukhara, wilayah Khorezm lan Republik Karakalpakstan. Jumlah tim sing melu ing saben wilayah: 14. Liga Pertama Uzbekistan sadurunge dadi kompetisi kelas loro ing sistem bal-balan. Sawise ngadegake Liga Pro ing taun 2018, Liga Pertama diatur maneh wiwit taun 2020 lan saiki dadi kompetisi tingkat katelu ing negara kasebut<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pfl.uz/tour-table?tournamentId=3&seasonId=1|title=Birinchi liga turnir jadvali}}</ref>. === Kejuaraan U21 === Kompetisi ing ngendi tim pemuda saka tim Liga Super main ing sistem bal-balan Uzbekistan. Sesuai karo peraturan UzPFL, pemain umur 21 taun lan luwih enom bakal melu. Pertandhingan juara U21 bakal dianakake sedina sawise pertandhingan tim utama<ref>[https://pfl.uz/tour-table?tournamentId=4&seasonId=1 U21 Championship]</ref>. === Kejuaraan U19 === Tim nasional remaja ing umur 19 taun bakal mbela kehormatan Uzbekistan ing Kejuaraan Sepak Bola Remaja Dunia (U20), Kejuaraan Asia ing umur 19 taun (U19) lan turnamen liyane. Kompetisi antarane tim U-19 saka Liga Super lan klub Liga Pro. Kejuaraan U19 didegaké ing taun 2021. Ing kono, kabeh klub saka rong divisi paling dhuwur bakal berjuang kanggo kamenangan karo murid-muride. Kompetisi antarane tim U-19 saka Liga Super lan klub Liga Pro. Kejuaraan U19 didegaké ing 2021. Ing kono, kabeh klub saka rong divisi paling dhuwur bakal berjuang kanggo kamenangan karo murid-muridé<ref>[https://pfl.uz/tour-table?tournamentId=5&seasonId=1 U19 Championship]</ref>. == Kompetisi afiliasi == [[Barkas:DXX_kubogi.jpg|jmpl|Piala Layanan Keamanan Negara]]Kanthi kerjasama karo Dinas Keamanan Negara Republik Uzbekistan, Kamentrian Olahraga, lan Badan Urusan Pemuda, Piala Layanan Keamanan Negara bakal dianakake<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kun.uz/uz/news/2021/06/16/dxx-raisi-kubogining-tantanali-taqdirlash-marosimi-bolib-otdi|title=DXX raisi kubogining tantanali taqdirlash marosimi bo'lib o'tdi|language=uz}}</ref>. Uga dadi tuan rumah [[:uz:Coca-Cola Students Cup|kompetisi piala siswa]] kanthi kolaborasi karo Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi, Ilmu Pengetahuan lan Inovasi, Kementerian Dalam Negeri, lan Asosiasi Sepak Bola<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://daryo.uz/2024/04/04/poytaxt-talabalari-ortasida-students-cup-musobaqasi-otkaziladi-pfl|title=Poytaxt talabalari o'rtasida Students cup musobaqasi o'tkaziladi — PFL|language=uz}}</ref>. == Sponsor == Liga Sepak Bola Profesional Uzbekistan kerja sama karo „PepsiCo“ ing 2018-2019. Wiwit 2019, Coca-Cola Beverage Uzbekistan wis dadi sponsor Liga Super Uzbekistan<ref>[https://kun.uz/en/news/2019/03/08/coca-cola-sponsors-the-2019-uzbekistan-super-league Coca-Cola sponsors the 2019 Uzbekistan Super League]</ref>. Wiwit 2020, kerjasama karo perusahaan asuransi „Apex Insurance“. Perusahaan nyedhiyakake asuransi kesehatan kanggo luwih saka 1,500 pemain profesional sing kadhaptar ing liga<ref>[https://kun.uz/uz/11135098#! PFL APEX INSURANCE bilan hamkorlikni uzaytirdi]</ref>. Saka 2021 nganti 2022, sponsor yaiku Epsilon, Madad Invest Bank Joint Stock Company, Turon Eco Cement lan Jizzakh Battery Plant<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gazeta.uz/uz/2022/02/05/uzpfl/|title=Жамоалардан пул оладиган эмас, уларга пул берадиган ташкилотга айланишимиз керак — ЎзПФЛ раҳбари}}</ref>. Tanggal 16 Maret 2023, perusahaan „BMB Holding“ dadi sponsor resmi Superleague<ref>[https://buzb.uz/en/news/bmb-holding-becomes-official-sponsor-of-uzbekistan-professional-football-league BMB HOLDING becomes official sponsor of Uzbekistan Professional Football League]</ref>. Uga, ing taun 2023, portal informasi Olcha.uz lan maskapai pribadi „Centrum Air“ dadi mitra Liga Sepak Bola Profesional Uzbekistan. Tanggal 28 Februari 2024, perusahaan „[[Artel Electronics]]“, sing dianggep merek paling gedhe ing pasar peralatan domestik Uzbekistan, dadi sponsor judhul Liga Super nganti pungkasan taun 2026<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gazeta.uz/oz/2024/03/11/artel/|title=Artel O'zbekiston Professional futbol ligasining titul homiyiga aylandi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://championat.asia/uz/news/artel-2026-yil-yakuniga-qadar-superliga-titul-homiysiga-aylandi|title=Artel 2026 йил якунига қадар Суперлига титул ҳомийсига айланди}}</ref>. Tanggal 12 Maret taun iki, „{{Interlanguage link|Uzcard|ru||sah|UzCard|uz}}“ perusahaan dadi mitra resmi Liga Sepak Bola Profesional Uzbekistan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pfl.uz/uzb/news/detail/16525|title=UZCARD O'zbekiston futbolini rivojlantirish yo'lida muhim qadam tashladi|access-date=2024-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315114825/https://pfl.uz/uzb/news/detail/16525|archive-date=2024-03-15|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Prestasi == [[Barkas:Abdurauf_Boʻriyev.jpg|jmpl|Upacara Penghargaan UzPFL 2022]] Liga Sepak Bola Profesional Uzbekistan minangka salah sawijining pimpinan ing lisensi ing bawana Asia. Ing pungkasan taun 2021, 12 klub Uzbek menangake lisensi [[Asian Football Confederation|Konfederasi Sepak Bola Asia]] lan iki kacathet minangka asil paling apik nomer telu ing bawana kasebut. Ing taun 2021, ing antarane tim wanita, 2 klub saka Uzbekistan dadi sing pertama ing Asia sing sukses ngliwati lisensi kasebut<ref name="pfl.uz">{{Cite web|url=https://pfl.uz/uzb/news/detail/13875|title=Litsenziyalash yakunlari: 12 ta klub OFK litsenziyasini, 9 ta klub esa milliy litsenziyani shartli ravishda qo'lga kiritdi|publisher=Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027145348/https://pfl.uz/uzb/news/detail/13875|archive-date=2022-10-27|access-date=2022-07-05}}</ref>. Kamentrian Kehakiman Republik Uzbekistan lan Asosiasi Nasional Organisasi Non-Pemerintah Uzbekistan wis nglebokake UzPFL ing dhaptar „20 Organisasi Non-Pemerintah Paling Transparan“ ing 2021<ref name="pfl.uz2">{{Cite web|url=https://pfl.uz/uzb/news/detail/13875|title=Litsenziyalash yakunlari: 12 ta klub OFK litsenziyasini, 9 ta klub esa milliy litsenziyani shartli ravishda qo'lga kiritdi|publisher=Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027145348/https://pfl.uz/uzb/news/detail/13875|archive-date=2022-10-27|access-date=2022-07-05}}</ref>. == Cathetan suku == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://pfl.uz/ Situs web resmi] * {{YouTube|uzbekistanpfl}} * {{TikTok|uzpfl}} * {{Instagram|uzpfl/}} * {{Facebook|pfluzb/}} * {{Twitter|pfl_uz}} * {{Telegram|uzpfl}} * [https://uz.linkedin.com/company/uzpfl Liga Sepak Bola Profesional Uzbekistan // LinkedIn] * [https://www.whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaQGMYzDOQIUAYZwTu2P Liga Sepak Bola Profesional Uzbekistan // WhatsApp] bg0sx73ns91m1jb3530l7pm5quygh9s Kabinèt Abang Putih 0 197772 1760089 1759844 2026-11-06T01:04:37Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760089 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Kabinet Merah Putih Prabowo-Gibran 2024.jpg|250px|jmpl|Présidhèn, wakil présidhèn, lan mantri-mantri Kabinèt Abang Putih]] '''Kabinèt Abang Putih''' (Indonesia: ''Kabinet Merah Putih'') iku kabinèt papréntahan Indonésia pimpinan Présidhèn [[Prabowo Subianto]] lan Wakil Présidhèn [[Gibran Rakabuming]]. Susunan kabinèt iki asal saka usulan parté pulitik pengusul pasangan Prabowo-Gibran ing Pilpres 2024 sing ngéntukaké kursi ing DPR ([[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]], [[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]], [[Parté Amanat Nasional|PAN]], [[Parté Dhémokrat|Dhémokrat]]) ditambah parté non-DPR [[Parté Bulan Bintang|PBB]], [[Parté Solidaritas Indonésia|PSI]], [[Parté Gelombang Rakyat Indonésia|Gelora]], [[Parté Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonésia|PKP]], [[Partai Rakyat Adil Makmur|PRIMA]] lan [[Perindo]], kemudian ditambah [[Parté Kebangkitan Bangsa|PKB]] kursi ing DPR sing gabung sawisé iku, tim sukses pasangan Prabowo-Gibran pada Pilpres 2024, sarta kalangan profésional. ==Susunan== Susunan Kabinèt Abang Putih dumadi saka 7 kanayakan larasgawé lan 41 kanayakan. Akeh ing antarane minangka kementerian anyar sing minangka pemecahan saka kanayakan sadurunge. == Komposisi == === Pimpinan === {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="2" width="300" |Présidhèn ! colspan="2" width="300" |Wakil Présidhèn |- | align="right" | [[Prabowo Subianto]] | align="right" width="100" | [[Gambar:Prabowo Subianto 2024 official portrait.jpg| 120px]] | align="left" width="100" | [[Gambar:Gibran Rakabuming 2024 official portrait.jpg| 120px]] | align="left" | [[Gibran Rakabuming]] |} === Anggota === ====Mantri==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! width="25" |No. ! width="280" |Jabatan<ref name="KMP">{{cite news|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7598074/lengkap-susunan-kabinet-merah-putih-prabowo-gibran|title=Lengkap! Susunan Kabinet Merah Putih Prabowo-Gibran|date=20 Oktober 2024|author=Eva Safitri|website=Detik.com|accessdate=20 Oktober 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406092540/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7598074/lengkap-susunan-kabinet-merah-putih-prabowo-gibran|archive-date=2025-04-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> ! width="150" |Foto ! width="250" |Jeneng ! width="200" |Wiwit ! width="200" |Nganti ! colspan="2" width="150" |Partai |- ! colspan="8" |Mantri Koordinator |- |rowspan=4| 1 |rowspan=4|[[Barkas:Seal of the Coordinating Ministry for Political and Security Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.svg|60px]]<br> [[Pratélan Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Pulitik lan Kaamanan Indonésia| Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Pulitik lan Kaamanan]] | [[Gambar:Menkopolkam Budi Gunawan (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Budi Gunawan]] |21 Oktober 2024 |8 Sèptèmber 2025 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| ||[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- | [[Gambar:Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin dalam acara upacara resmi “Penerimaan Menteri Pertahanan RI” (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin]]<br><small>(ad-interim) |8 Sèptèmber 2025 |17 Sèptèmber 2025 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- | [[Gambar:Djamari Chaniago, Menteri Koordinator Bidang Politik dan Keamanan (2025) (cropped).png|75px]] |Djamari Chainago |17 Sèptèmber 2025 |1 Oktober 2026 | bgcolor=#B79164| |[[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- |[[Gambar:Dudung Abdurrachman, Kepala Staf Kepresidenan (2026) (cropped).png|75px]] |[[Dudung Abdurachman]] |1 Oktober 2026 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |2 |[[Barkas:Seal of the Coordinating Ministry for Legal, Human Rights, Immigration, and Correction of the Republic of Indonesia (2024).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Ukum, Prawenanging Manungsa, Imigrasi, lan Pemasyarakatan Indonésia|Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Ukum, Prawenanging Manungsa, Imigrasi, lan Pemasyarakatan]] | [[Gambar:Yusril Ihza Mahendra, Menteri Koordinator Bid. Kumham-Imipas.jpg|75px]] |[[Yusril Ihza Mahendra]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#00FF00| |[[Parté Bulan Bintang|PBB]] |- |3 |[[Barkas:National emblem of Indonesia Garuda Pancasila.svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Artatata Indonésia|Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Artatata]] | [[Gambar:Airlangga Hartarto bersama istri saat penyambutannya kembali sebagai Menteri Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian RI (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Airlangga Hartarto]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#ffff00| |[[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] |- |rowspan=2|4 |rowspan=2|[[Barkas:Seal of the Coordinating Ministry of Human Developments and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia.svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Pimanguning Manungsa lan Budaya Indonésia|Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Pimanguning Manungsa lan Budaya]] | [[Gambar:Pratikno, Menteri Koordinator Bidang Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan (2024).png|75px]] |[[Pratikno]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| ||[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- | [[Gambar:Sugiono, Menteri Luar Negeri Indonesia (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Sugiono (politikus)|Sugiono]] |1 Oktober 2026 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#B79164| |[[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- |5 |[[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Infrastruktur dan Pembangunan Kewilayahan Republik Indonesia (2024).png|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Infrastruktur lan Pimanguning Wewengkon Indonésia|Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Infrastruktur lan Pimanguning Wewengkon]] | [[Gambar:Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono, Coordinating Minister for Infrastructure and Regional Development (2024) (cropped).png|75px]] |[[Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#2643A3| |[[Parté Dhémokrat|Dhémokrat]] |- |6 |[[Barkas:Lambang Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Republik Indonesia (2024).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Pindayaning Bebrayan Indonésia|Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Pindayaning Bebrayan]] | [[Gambar:Muhaimin Iskandar saat serah terima jabatan Menteri Koordinator Pemberdayaan Masyarakat.png|75px]] |[[Muhaimin Iskandar]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#008000| |[[Parté Kebangkitan Bangsa|PKB]] |- |7 |[[Barkas:Lambang Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Pangan Republik Indonesia (2025).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Pangan Indonésia|Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Pangan]] | [[Gambar:Zulkifli Hasan, Menteri Perdagangan (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Zulkifli Hasan]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#0033FF| |[[Parté Amanat Nasional|PAN]] |- |8 |Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Hilirisasi dan Transisi Paridaya | [[Gambar:Bahlil Lahadalia, Menteri ESDM (2024).jpg|75px]] |[[Bahlil Lahadalia]] |1 Oktober 2026 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#ffff00| |[[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]]] |- ! colspan="8" |Mantri |- |9 |[[Barkas:Logo Setneg RI.svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Sekretaris Nagara Indonésia|Mantri Sekretaris Nagara]] | [[Gambar:Prasetyo Hadi,Menteri Sekretaris Negara RI (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Prasetyo Hadi]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#B79164| |[[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- |10 |[[Barkas:Seal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (2020 version).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Jero Praja Indonésia|Mantri Jero Praja]] | [[Gambar:Tito Karnavian, Mendagri (2024).jpg|75px]] |[[Tito Karnavian]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |rowspan=2|11 |rowspan=2|[[Barkas:Seal of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (2023 rev).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Jaba Praja Indonésia|Mantri Jaba Praja]] | [[Gambar:Sugiono, Menteri Luar Negeri Indonesia (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Suswono|Sugiono]] |21 Oktober 2024 |1 Oktober 2026 | bgcolor=#B79164| |[[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- |- |[[Gambar:Arrmanatha C. Nasir, Wakil Menteri Luar Negeri (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Arrmanatha Nasir]] |1 Oktober 2026 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |12 |[[Barkas:Seal of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia (2022).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Prayom Indonésia|Mantri Prayom]] | [[Gambar:Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin dalam acara upacara resmi “Penerimaan Menteri Pertahanan RI” (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |13 |[[Gambar:Seal of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Agama Indonésia|Mantri Agama]] | [[Gambar:Serah Terima Jabatan Menteri Agama Nasaruddin Umar dari Yaqut Cholil (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Nasaruddin Umar]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |14 |[[Barkas:Logo of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia.svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Ukum Indonésia|Mantri Ukum]] | [[Gambar:Supratman Andi Agtas dilantik sebagai Menteri Hukum pada Kabinet Merah Putih.png|75px]] |[[Supratman Andi Agtas]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#B79164| |[[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- |15 |[[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia (2024) (cropped).png|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Prawenanging Manungsa Indonésia|Mantri Prawenanging Manungsa]] | [[Gambar:Natalius Pigai (cropped).png|75px]] |[[Natalius Pigai]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |16 |[[Barkas:Logo Kementrian Imigrasi dan Pemasyarakatan (2024).png|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Imigrasi lan Pemasyarakatan Indonésia|Mantri Imigrasi lan Pemasyarakatan]] | [[Gambar:Agus Andrianto, Menteri Imigrasi dan Pemasyarakatan (2024) (cropped, white background).jpg|75px]] |[[Agus Andrianto]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |rowspan=3| 17 |rowspan=3| [[Barkas:Seal of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia.svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Artakarya Indonésia|Mantri Artakarya]] | [[Gambar:Sri Mulyani usai dilantik sebagai Menteri Keuangan di Kabinet Merah Putih (2024) (cropped).png|75px]] |[[Sri Mulyani]] |21 Oktober 2024 |8 Sèptèmber 2025 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- | [[Gambar:Purbaya Yudhi Sadewa pada saat pelantikan sebagai Menteri Keuangan (2024).jpg|75px]] |Purbaya Yudhi Sadewa |8 Sèptèmber 2025 |14 Sèptèmber 2026 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |- | [[Gambar:Suahasil Nazara, Menkeu.jpg|75px]] |[[Suahasil Nazara]] |14 Sèptèmber 2026 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |18 |[[Gambar:Logo of Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic of Indonesia.svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Panggulawenthah Dhasar lan Madya Indonésia|Mantri Panggulawenthah Dhasar lan Madya]] | [[Gambar:Abdul Mu'ti, Menteri Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah (2024).jpg |75px]] |[[Abdul Mu’ti]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |rowspan=2| 19 |rowspan=2| [[Gambar:Logo of Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic of Indonesia.svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Panggulawenthah Luhur, Èlmu, lan Tèknologi Indonésia|Mantri Panggulawenthah Luhur, Èlmu, lan Tèknologi]] | [[Gambar:Satryo Brodjonegoro, Menteri Pendidikan Tinggi, Sains dan Teknologi (2024).jpg|75px]] |[[Satryo Soemantri Brodjonegoro]] |21 Oktober 2024 |19 Februari 2025 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- | [[Gambar:Brian Yuliarto, Pelantikan Menteri Pendidikan Tinggi, Sains dan Teknologi (2025).png|75px]] |[[Brian Yuliarto]] |19 Februari 2025 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |20 |[[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia (2024) (cropped).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Budaya Indonésia|Mantri Budaya]] | [[Gambar:Fadli Zon, Menteri Kebudayaan (2024).jpg|75px]] |[[Fadli Zon]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#B79164| |[[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- |21 |[[Gambar:Logo of the Ministry of Health of the Republic Indonesia (2016).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Kawarasan Indonésia|Mantri Kawarasan]] | [[Gambar:Budi Gunadi Sadikin usai dilantik sebagai Menteri Kesehatan di Kabinet Merah Putih (2024).jpg|75px]] |[[Budi Gunadi Sadikin]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |22 |[[Gambar:Logo of the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Sabajati Indonésia|Mantri Sabajati]] | [[Gambar:Saifullah Yusuf, Menteri Sosial (2024) - Kabinet Merah Putih.jpg|75px]] |[[Saifullah Yusuf]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#008000| |[[Parté Kebangkitan Bangsa|PKB]] |- |23 |[[Barkas:Logo of the Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia (cropped).png|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Naradaya Indonésia|Mantri Naradaya]] | [[Gambar:Yassierli, Menteri Ketenagakerjaan (2024).jpg|75px]] |[[Yassierli]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |rowspan=2| 24 |rowspan=2| [[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia - BP2MI v3 (2024).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Pelindhungan Naradaya Migran Indonésia|Mantri Pelindhungan Naradaya Migran]]/<br>[[Badan Perlindhungan Naradaya Migran Indonésia|Kepala Badan Perlindhungan Naradaya Migran Indonésia]] | [[Gambar:Abdul Kadir Karding, Menteri Perlindungan Pekerja Migran (2024).jpg|75px]] |[[Abdul Kadir Karding]] |21 Oktober 2024 |8 Sèptèmber 2025 | bgcolor=#008000| |[[Parté Kebangkitan Bangsa|PKB]] |- | [[Gambar:Mukhtarudin Golkar.png|75px]] |[[Mukhtarudin]] |8 Sèptèmber 2025 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#ffff00| |[[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] |- |rowspan=2|25 |rowspan=2|[[Gambar:Logo of the Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia.png|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Udyoga Indonésia|Mantri Udyoga]] | [[Gambar:KIM Agus Gumiwang Kartasasmita.jpg|75px]] |[[Agus Gumiwang Kartasasmita]] |21 Oktober 2024 |1 Oktober 2026 | bgcolor=#ffff00| |[[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] |- | [[Gambar:Anggota Badan Sosialisasi Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia Muhammad Sarmuji.png|75px]] |[[Muhammad Sarmuji]] |1 Oktober 2026 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#ffff00| |[[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] |- | rowspan=2| 26 | rowspan=2| [[Barkas:Logo of the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia (2021) (cropped).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Dagang Indonésia|Mantri Dagang]] | rowspan=2 |[[Gambar:Budi Santoso, Menteri Perdagangan (2024).jpg|75px]] | rowspan=2| [[Budi Santoso (Birokrat)|Budi Santoso]] | rowspan=2| 21 Oktober 2024 | rowspan=2|''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- | bgcolor=#0033FF| |[[Parté Amanat Nasional|PAN]]<ref name="GabungPAN"/> |- |27 |[[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia (2025).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Paridaya lan Parisumbering Seladatu Indonésia|Mantri Paridaya lan Parisumbering Seladatu]] | [[Barkas:Bahlil Lahadalia, Menteri ESDM (2024).jpg|75px]] |[[Bahlil Lahadalia]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#ffff00| |[[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] |- |28 |[[Gambar:Logo Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum Republik Indonesia.svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Pisambutgawé Indonésia|Mantri Pisambutgawé]] | [[Gambar:Dody Hanggodo, Menteri Pekerjaan Umum (2024).jpg|75px]] |[[Dody Hanggodo]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#2643A3| |[[Parté Dhémokrat|Dhémokrat]] |- |29 |[[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman RI (2025).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Pingomah lan Kawaśan Permukiman Indonésia|Mantri Pingomah lan Kawaśan Permukiman]] | [[Gambar:Marurar Sirait, Menteri Perumahan dan Kawasan Pemukiman (2024).png|75px]] |[[Maruarar Sirait]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#B79164| |[[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- |30 |[[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Desa dan Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal Republik Indonesia (2024).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Désa lan Pimanguning Laladan Kaorapralawa Indonésia|Mantri Désa lan Pimanguning Laladan Kaorapralawa]] | [[Gambar:Yandri Susanto, Menteri Desa dan Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal (2024).jpg|75px]] |[[Yandri Susanto]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#0033FF| |[[Parté Amanat Nasional|PAN]] |- |31 |[[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Transmigrasi Republik Indonesia (2024).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Lihdunung Indonésia|Mantri Lihdunung]] | [[Gambar:Serah Terima Menteri Transmigrasi Iftitah Sulaiman Suryanagara oleh Plt. MenDes PDTT Muhadjir Effendy (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Muhammad Iftitah Sulaiman Suryanagara|Iftitah Sulaiman Suryanagara]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#2643A3| |[[Parté Dhémokrat|Dhémokrat]] |- | rowspan=2| 32 | rowspan=2| [[Barkas:Logo of the Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia.svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Angkudan Indonésia|Mantri Angkudan]] | rowspan=2|[[Gambar:Dudy Purwagandhi, Menteri Perhubungan (cropped).jpg|75px]] | rowspan=2| [[Dudy Purwagandhi]] | rowspan=2| 21 Oktober 2024 | rowspan=2|''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- | bgcolor=#0033FF| |[[Parté Amanat Nasional|PAN]]<ref name="GabungPAN"/> |- |33 |[[Barkas:Logo of Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs of Indonesia (2024) (logo only).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Parikandha lan Digital Indonésia|Mantri Parikandha lan Digital]] | [[Gambar:Meutya Hafid saat pelantikan Menteri Kabinet Merah Putih (2024).png|75px]] |[[Meutya Hafid]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#ffff00| |[[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] |- |34 |[[Gambar:Logo Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia.svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Taniwidya Indonésia|Mantri Taniwidya]] | [[Gambar:KMP Amran Sulaiman (2024).png|75px]] |[[Amran Sulaiman]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |35 |[[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Kehutanan RI (2024) (cropped).png|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Wanawidya Indonésia|Mantri Wanawidya]] | [[Gambar:Raja Juli Antoni usai dilantik sebagai Menteri Kehutanan (2024).png|75px]] |[[Raja Juli Antoni]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#FF00FF| |[[Parté Solidaritas Indonésia|PSI]] |- | rowspan=2| 36 | rowspan=2| [[Barkas:Logo of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia (cropped).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Sagara lan Minakarya Indonésia|Mantri Sagara lan Minakarya]] | rowspan=2| [[Gambar:Sakti Wahyu Trenggono Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan (2024) - white background.png|75px]] | rowspan=2| [[Sakti Wahyu Trenggono]] | rowspan=2| 21 Oktober 2024 | rowspan=2|''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- | bgcolor=#0033FF| |[[Parté Amanat Nasional|PAN]]<ref name="GabungPAN">{{cite news|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7695301/zulhas-pamer-9-pengurus-pan-di-kabinet-merah-putih-prabowo|title=Zulhas Pamer 9 Pengurus PAN di Kabinet Merah Putih Prabowo|date=19 Dhésèmber 2024|access-date=20 Dhésèmber 2024|work=detik.com}}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |37 |[[Barkas:The Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning (Indonesia).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Bumiguna lan Rantamlowah Indonésia|Mantri Bumiguna lan Rantamlowah]]/<br>[[Badan Tanah Praja|Kepala Badan Tanah Praja]] | [[Gambar:Nusron Wahid, Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang (2024) (cropped).png|75px]] |[[Nusron Wahid]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#ffff00| |[[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] |- |38 |[[Barkas:Logo Kementerian PPN-Bappenas (2023).png|60px]]<br> [[Pratélan Mantri Rantamwangun Praja Indonésia|Mantri Rantamwangun Prajal]]/<br>[[Kepala Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional]] | [[Gambar:Rachmat Pambudy, Menteri PPN - Kepala Bappenas (2024).jpg|75px]] |[[Rachmat Pambudy]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#B79164| |[[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- |39 |[[Barkas:Logo Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform of The Republic of Indonesia (2021).svg|100px]]<br> [[Pratélan Mantri Pingguna Rantikaraning Praja lan Pimbaliwujud Indonésia|Mantri Pingguna Rantikaraning Praja lan Pimbaliwujud]] | [[Gambar:Menpan RB Rini Widyantini dan Abdullah Azwar Anas saat serah terima jabatan (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Rini Widyantini]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |rowspan=2| 40 |rowspan=2| [[Barkas:Emblem of Indonesia and Logo of Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian version 2020).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Prajasaharya Indonésia|Mantri Prajasaharya]] | [[Gambar:Erick Thohir, Menteri BUMN RI (2024) (cropped).png|75px]] |[[Erick Thohir]] |21 Oktober 2024 |17 Sèptèmber 2025 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- | [[Gambar:Dony Oskaria, Wakil Menteri BUMN (2024).jpg|75px]] |Dony Oskaria<br><small>(Pelaksana Tugas) |17 Sèptèmber 2025 |2 Oktober 2025 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |41 |[[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Kependudukan dan Pembangunan Keluarga - BKKBN (2024) (cropped).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Padunung lan Pimanguning Kulawarga Indonésia|Mantri Padunung lan Pimanguning Kulawarga]]/<br>[[Badan Padunung lan Kulawarga Berencana Praja|Kepala Badan Padunung lan Kulawarga Berencana Praja]] | [[Gambar:Wihaji, Menteri Kependudukan dan Pembangunan Keluarga (2024).jpg|75px]] |[[Wihaji]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#ffff00| |[[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] |- | rowspan=2| 42 | rowspan=2| [[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup - Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup (2024) (cropped).png|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Parikubeng Indonésia|Mantri Parikubeng]] /<br>Kepala Badan Pangendalian Parikubeng | rowspan=2| [[Gambar:Hanif Faisol Nurofiq, Menteri Lingkungan Hidup (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] | rowspan=2| [[Hanif Faisol Nurofiq]] | rowspan=2| 21 Oktober 2024 | rowspan=2|''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- | bgcolor=#0033FF| |[[Parté Amanat Nasional|PAN]]<ref name="GabungPAN"/> |- |43 |[[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Investasi dan Hilirisasi BKPM (2024) (cropped).png|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Tandurdhuwit lan Hilirisasi Indonésia|Mantri Tandurdhuwit lan Hilirisasi]]/[[Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal|Kepala Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal]] | [[Gambar:Rosan Roeslani pada pertemuan Pimpinan Kementerian Investasi dan Hilirisasi (2024).jpg|75px]] |[[Rosan Roeslani]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |rowspan=2| 44 |rowspan=2| [[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Koperasi Republik Indonesia (2024) (cropped).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Samasaharya Indonésia|Mantri Samasaharya]] | [[Gambar:Budi Arie Setiadi, Menteri Koperasi (2024).png|75px]] |[[Budi Arie Setiadi]] |21 Oktober 2024 |8 Sèptèmber 2025 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- | [[Gambar:Ferry Juliantono, Wakil Menteri Koperasi (2025).png|75px]] |[[Ferry Juliantono]] |8 Sèptèmber 2025 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#B79164| |[[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- |45 |[[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah Republik Indonesia (2025) (cropped).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Saharya Mikro, Acilik, lan Atengahan Indonésia|Mantri Saharya Mikro, Acilik, lan Atengahan]] | [[Gambar:Serah Terima Jabatan Menteri UMKM Maman Abdurrahman oleh Mantan MenkopUKM Teten Masduki (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Maman Abdurrahman (politikus)|Maman Abdurrahman]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#ffff00| |[[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] |- |46 |[[Barkas:Lambang Kementerian Pariwisata Republik Indonesia (2024).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Wisata Indonésia|Mantri Wisata]] | [[Gambar:Widiyanti Putri, Menteri Pariwisata (2024).jpg|75px]] |[[Widiyanti Putri]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |47 |[[File:Logo Kementerian Ekonomi Kreatif - Badan Ekonomi Kreatif RI (2024) v2 (cropped).svg|60px]]<br>[[Kanayakan Artatata Macitakarya Indonésia|Mantri Artatata Macitakarya]]/<br>Kepala Badan Artatata Macitakarya | [[Gambar:Sandiaga Uno dan Teuku Riefky Harsya saat serah terima jabatan menteri (2024) (cropped).jpg |75px]] |[[Teuku Riefky Harsya]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#2643A3| |[[Parté Dhémokrat|Dhémokrat]] |- |48 |[[Gambar:Logo of the Ministry of Female Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia.svg|60px]]<br> [[Pratélan Mantri Pindayaning Wanita lan Pingayoming Bocah Indonésia|Mantri Pindayaning Wanita lan Pingayoming Bocah]] | [[Gambar:Arifah Choiri Fauzi saat Serah Terima Jabatan Menteri Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak (2024).png|75px]] |[[Arifah Choiri Fauzi]] |21 Oktober 2024 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- |rowspan=2| 49 |rowspan=2| [[Barkas:Logo Kementerian Pemuda dan Olahraga RI (2025, torch only).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Pinianom lan Ulahraga Indonésia|Mantri Pinianom lan Ulahraga]] | [[Gambar:Menpora Dito Ariotedjo Memberikan Keterangan Pers usai dilantik (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Dito Ariotedjo]] |21 Oktober 2024 |8 Sèptèmber 2025 | bgcolor=#ffff00| |[[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] |- | [[Gambar:Erick Thohir, Menteri BUMN RI (2024) (cropped).png|75px]] |[[Erick Thohir]] |17 Sèptèmber 2025 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| |[[Politisi indepènden|Indepènden]] |- | 50 | [[Barkas:Lambang Kementerian Haji dan Umrah Republik Indonesia (Des. 2025).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Mantri Kaji lan Umrah Indonésia|Mantri Kaji lan Umrah]] | [[Gambar:Mochamad Irfan Yusuf, Kepala BP Haji (cropped).jpg|75px]] |[[Mochamad Irfan Yusuf]] |8 Sèptèmber 2025 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#B79164| |[[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |} ====Pejabat setingkat mantri==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! width="25" |No. ! width="280" |Jabatan ! width="150" |Foto ! width="250" |Jeneng ! width="200" |Wiwit ! width="200" |Nganti ! colspan="2" width="150" |Partai |- | 1 | [[Gambar:Insignia of the Attorney Office of the Republic of Indonesia.svg|60px]]<br>Jaksa Agung | [[Gambar:JAKSAAGUNG,Sanitiar Burhanuddin.jpg|75px]] | [[ST Burhanuddin]] | 23 Oktober 2019 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |- | 2 | [[Gambar:Insignia of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.svg|60px]]<br>[[Panglima Tentara Nasional Indonésia]] | [[Gambar:Panglima TNI Jenderal TNI Agus Subiyanto.jpg|75px]] | [[Jenderal TNI]] [[Agus Subiyanto]] | 22 November 2023 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |- |rowspan=2| 3 |rowspan=2| [[Gambar:Insignia of the Indonesian National Police.svg|60px]]<br>[[Kepala Kapulisèn Negara Republik Indonesia]] | [[Gambar:Kapolri Jenderal Polisi Listyo Sigit Prabowo.jpg|75px]] | [[Jenderal Polisi]] [[Listyo Sigit Prabowo]] | 27 Januari 2021 | 1 Oktober 2026 | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |- | [[Gambar:Kapolri Jenderal Polisi Suyudi Ario Seto.jpg|75px]] |[[Jenderal Polisi]]<br>[[Suyudi Ario Seto]] |1 Oktober 2026 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |- | 4 | [[Gambar:The National Intelligence Agency (Indonesia).svg|60px]]<br>[[Badan Intèlijen Negara|Kepala Badan Intèlijen Negara]] | [[Gambar:M. Herindra, Wakil Menteri Pertahanan.jpg|75px]] | [[Muhammad Herindra]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |- | rowspan=5| 5 | rowspan=5| [[Gambar:Kantor Staf Presiden.png|60px]]<br>Kepala Staf Kaprésidhènan | [[Gambar:Anto Mukti Putranto, Kepala Staf Kepresidenan RI (2024).png|75px]] | [[Anto Mukti Putranto]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | 17 Sèptèmber 2025 | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |- | [[Gambar:Muhammad Qodari, Wakil Kepala Staf Kepresidenan RI (2024).png|75px]] | [[Muhammad Qodari]] | 17 Sèptèmber 2025 | 27 April 2026 | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |- |[[Gambar:Dudung Abdurrachman, Kepala Staf Kepresidenan (2026) (cropped).png|75px]] |[[Dudung Abdurachman]] |27 April 2026 |1 Oktober 2026 | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |- |[[Gambar:Listyo Sigit Prabowo, Kepala Staf Presiden (2026).jpg|75px]] |[[Listyo Sigit Prabowo]] |1 Oktober 2026 |4 November 2026 | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |- |[[Gambar:Sekretaris Presiden, Ariyo Windutomo.jpg|75px]] |Ariyo Windutomo (Plt.) |4 November 2026 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |- | rowspan=4| 6 | [[Gambar:Logo of Presidential Communication Office (Indonesia) (2024).svg|60px]]<br>Kapala Pariwicara Kaprésidhènan | [[Gambar:Kepala Kantor Komunikasi Kepresidenan Hasan Nasbi.jpg|75px]] | [[Hasan Nasbi]] | 19 Agustus 2024 | 17 Sèptèmber 2025 | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |- |rowspan=3| [[Gambar:Lambang Badan Komunikasi Pemerintah Republik Indonesia (2026).svg|60px]]<br>Kapala Badan Pariwicara Pemerintah | [[Gambar:Angga Raka Prabowo, Wakil Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika (2024).png|75px]] | [[Angga Raka Prabowo]] | 17 Sèptèmber 2025 | 27 April 2026 | bgcolor=#B79164| | Gerindra |- |[[Gambar:Muhammad Qodari, Kepala Badan Komunikasi Pemerintah (2026).png|75px]] |[[Muhammad Qodari]] |27 April 2026 |2 Oktober 2026 | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |- | |[[Syahganda Nainggolan]] |2 Oktober 2026 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |- | 7 | [[Barkas:Lambang Dewan Ekonomi Nasional Republik Indonesia (2025).svg|60px]]<br>Ketua Dewan Artatata Praja | [[Gambar:Luhut Pandjaitan usai dilantik sebagai Ketua Dewan Ekonomi Nasional oleh Presiden Prabowo Subianto (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] | [[Luhut Binsar Panjaitan]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor="#ffff00" | | [[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] |} ===Wakil Mantri lan pejabat setingkat=== ====Wakil Mantri==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! width="25" |No. ! width="280" |Jabatan<ref name="KMP" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://setkab.go.id/gallery/wakil-menteri-kabinet-merah-putih/|title=Wakil Menteri Kabinet Merah Putih|date=22 Oktober 2024|access-date=6 Novèmber 2024|website=Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia|archive-date=2024-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108231900/https://setkab.go.id/gallery/wakil-menteri-kabinet-merah-putih/}}</ref> ! width="150" |Foto ! width="250" |Jeneng ! width="200" |Wiwit ! width="200" |Nganti ! colspan="2" width="150" |Partai |- ! colspan="8" |Wakil Mantri Koordinator |- | 1 | Wakil Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Nagaratata lan Keamanan | [[Gambar:Letjend TNI (Purn.) Lodewijk Freidrich Paulus, Wakil Menteri Koordinator Politik dan Keamanan.jpg |75px]] | [[Lodewijk Freidrich Paulus]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#ffff00| | [[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] |- | 2 | Wakil Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Ukum, Prawenanging Manungsa, Imigrasi, lan Pemasyarakatan | [[Gambar:Otto Hasibuan pada saat pelantikan sebagai Wakil Menteri Koordinator Hukum, Hak Asasi Manusia, Imigrasi dan Permasyarakatan (2024).png|75px]] | [[Otto Hasibuan]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- |3 |Wakil Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Pangan | |[[Hanif Faisol Nurofiq]] |27 April 2026 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#0033FF| | [[Parté Amanat Nasional|PAN]] |- |4 |Wakil Mantri Larasgawé Babagan Artatata | |Drajad Hari Wibowo |1 Oktober 2026 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#0033FF| | [[Parté Amanat Nasional|PAN]] |- ! colspan="8" |Wakil Mantri |- | rowspan=2| 5 | rowspan=2| Wakil Mantri Carik Praja | [[Gambar:Bambang Eko Suhariyanto.jpg|75px]] | [[Bambang Eko Suhariyanto]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | [[Gambar:Juri Ardiantoro, Wakil Menteri Sekretaris Negara RI (2024).jpg|75px]] | [[Juri Ardiantoro]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | rowspan=3| 6 | rowspan=3| Wakil Mantri Jero Praja | [[Gambar:Bima Arya Sugiarto, Wakil Menteri Dalam Negeri (2024).jpeg |75px]] | [[Bima Arya Sugiarto]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#0033FF| | [[Parté Amanat Nasional|PAN]] |- | [[Gambar:Ribka Haluk.png|75px]] | [[Ribka Haluk]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | |Akhmad Wiyagus |8 Oktober 2025 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | rowspan=3| 7 | rowspan=3| Wakil Mantri Jaba Praja | [[Gambar:Anis Matta, Wakil Menteri Luar Negeri RI (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] | [[Anis Matta]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#00C0E6| | [[Parté Gelombang Rakyat Indonésia|Gelora]] |- | [[Gambar:Arrmanatha C. Nasir, Wakil Menteri Luar Negeri (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] | [[Arrmanatha Christiawan Nasir]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | 1 Oktober 2026 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | [[Gambar:Arif Havas Oegroseno, Wakil Menteri Luar Negeri RI (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] | [[Arif Havas Oegroseno]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | rowspan=3|8 | rowspan=3|Wakil Mantri Prayom | [[Gambar:Donny Ermawan Taufanto, Wakil Menteri Pertahanan Indonesia (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] | Donny Ermawan | 21 Oktober 2024 | 15 Oktober 2026 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- |[[File:Richard T.H. Tampubolon, Wamenhan (2026).jpg|75px]] |Richard T.H. Tampubolon |15 Oktober 2026 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- |[[File:Yusuf Jauhari, Wamenhan (2026).jpg|75px]] |Yusuf Jauhari |15 Oktober 2026 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | rowspan| 9 | Wakil Mantri Agama | [[Gambar:Anggota Badan Pengkajian Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia Romo H. R. Muhammad Syafi'i (cropped-2).png|75px]] | [[Muhammad Syafi'i]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#B79164| | [[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- | align="center"| 10 | align="center"| Wakil Mantri Ukum | align="center"| [[Gambar:Eddy Hiariej, Wakil Menteri Hukum (2024).jpg|75px]] | align="center"| [[Eddy Hiariej]] | align="center"| 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | align="center"| Indepènden |- | align="center"| 11 | align="center"| Wakil Mantri Prawenanging Manungsa | align="center"| [[Gambar:Mugiyanto, Wakil Menteri Hak Asasi Manusia (2024).png|75px]] | align="center"| [[Mugiyanto]] | align="center"| 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | align="center"| Indepènden |- | rowspan=2| 12 | rowspan=2| Wakil Mantri Imigrasi lan Pemasyarakatan | [[Gambar:Wakil Menteri Imigrasi dan Pemasyarakatan Silmy Karim (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] | [[Silmy Karim]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | 4 Juni 2026 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | align="center"| Indepènden |- | |M. Maulana Bungaran |15 Oktober 2026 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | align="center"| Indepènden |- | rowspan=6| 13 | rowspan=6| Wakil Mantri Artakarya | [[Gambar:Suahasil Nazara, Wakil Menteri Keuangan (2024).jpg|75px]] | [[Suahasil Nazara]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | 14 Sèptèmber 2025 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | [[Gambar:Thomas Djiwandono pada saat pelantikan sebagai Wakil Menteri Keuangan di Kabinet Merah Putih (2024).png|75px]] | [[Thomas Djiwandono]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | 5 Fèbruari 2025 | bgcolor=#B79164| | [[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- | [[Gambar:Anggito Abimanyu (cropped).jpg|75px]] | [[Anggito Abimanyu]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | 8 Oktober 2025 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- |- |[[Gambar:Wakil Menteri Keuangan, Juda Agung (2026).png|75px]] |Juda Agung |5 Fèbruari 2026 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- |[[Gambar:Luky Alfirman, Wakil Menkeu (2026).jpg|75px]] |Luky Alfirman |1 Oktober 2026 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- |[[Gambar:Nurkholisoh Ibnu Aman, Wakil Menkeu (2026).jpg|75px]] |Nurkholisoh Ibnu Aman |1 Oktober 2026 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | rowspan=2| 14 | rowspan=2| Wakil Mantri Panggulawenthah Dhasar lan Madya | [[Gambar:Atip Latipulhayat, Wakil Menteri Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah (2024).jpg|75px]] | Atip Latipulhayat | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | [[Gambar:Fajar Riza Ul Haq, Wakil Menteri Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah (2024).jpg|75px]] | Fajar Riza Ul Haq | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | rowspan=2| 15 | rowspan=2| Wakil Mantri Panggulawenthah Luhur, Èlmu, lan Pariundhagi | [[Gambar:Prof. Fauzan, Wakil Menteri Pendidikan Tinggi, Sains, dan Teknologi (2024).jpg|75px]] | Fauzan | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | [[Gambar:Prof. Stella Christie, Wakil Menteri Pendidikan Tinggi, Sains, dan Teknologi (2024).jpg|75px]] | Stella Christie | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | 16 | Wakil Mantri Budaya | [[Gambar:Giring Ganesha, Wakil Menteri Kebudayaan (2024).jpg|75px]] | [[Giring Ganesha]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#FF00FF| | [[Parté Solidaritas Indonésia|PSI]] |- | 17 | Wakil Mantri Kawarasan | [[Gambar:PP Wamenkes dr. Dante Saksono.jpg|75px]] | [[Dante Saksono Harbuwono]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | 18 | Wakil Sabajati | [[Gambar:Agus Jabo Priyono, Wakil Menteri Sosial (2024).jpg|75px]] | [[Agus Jabo Priyono]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#000080| | [[Partai Rakyat Adil Makmur|PRIMA]] |- | rowspan=2| 19 | rowspan=2| Wakil Mantri Naradaya | [[Gambar:Immanuel Ebenezer, Wakil Menteri Ketenagakerjaan (2024).jpg|75px]] | [[Immanuel Ebenezer]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | 22 Agustus 2025 | bgcolor=#B79164| | [[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- |[[Gambar:Afriansyah Noor (cropped).jpg|75px]] |Afriansyah Noor |17 Sèptèmber 2025 |''Saiki'' |bgcolor=#004D99| |[[Parté Dhémokrat|Dhémokrat]] |- | rowspan=2| 20 | rowspan=2| Wakil Mantri Perlindhungan Naradaya Migran/<br>Wakil Kepala [[Badan Perlindhungan Naradaya Migran Indonésia]] | [[Gambar:Christina Aryani, Wakil Menteri Perlindungan Pekerja Migran (2024).jpg|75px]] | [[Christina Aryani]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#ffff00| | [[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] |- | [[Gambar:Dzulfikar Ahmad Tawalla, Wakil Menteri Perlindungan Pekerja Migran (2024).jpg|75px]] | [[Dzulfikar Ahmad Tawalla]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | 21 | Wakil Mantri Udyoga | [[Gambar:Faisol Riza, Wakil Menteri Perindustrian (2024).jpg|75px]] | [[Faisol Riza]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#008000| | [[Parté Kebangkitan Bangsa|PKB]] |- | 22 | Wakil Mantri Dagang | [[Gambar:Dyah Roro Esti, Wakil Menteri Perdagangan (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] | [[Dyah Roro Esti Widya Putri|Dyah Roro Esti]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#ffff00| | [[Parté Golongan Karya|Golkar]] |- | 23 | Wakil Mantri Paridaya lan Parisumbering Seladatu | [[Gambar:Yuliot Tanjung, Wakil Menteri Investasi (2024).jpg|75px]] | [[Yuliot Tanjung]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | 24 | Wakil Mantri Pisambutgawé | [[Gambar:Diana Kusumastuti, Wakil Menteri Pekerjaan Umum (2024).jpg|75px]] | [[Diana Kusumastuti]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | 25 | Wakil Mantri Pingomah lan Kawaśan Permukiman | [[Gambar:Fahri Hamzah, Wakil Menteri Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman (2024).jpg |75px]] | [[Fahri Hamzah]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#00C0E6| | [[Parté Gelombang Rakyat Indonésia|Gelora]] |- | 26 | Wakil Mantri Désa lan Pimanguning Laladan Kaorapralawa | [[Gambar:Ahmad Riza Patria.png|75px]] | [[Ahmad Riza Patria]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#B79164| | [[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- | 27 | Wakil Mantri Lihdunung | [[Gambar:Viva Yoga Mauladi, Wakil Menteri Transmigrasi (2025).jpg|75px]] | [[Viva Yoga Mauladi]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#0033FF| | [[Parté Amanat Nasional|PAN]] |- | 28 | Wakil Mantri Angkudan | [[Gambar:Suntana, Wakil Menteri Perhubungan (2024) (cropped).png|75px]] | [[Suntana]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | rowspan=2| 29 | rowspan=2| Wakil Mantri Parikandha lan Digital | [[Gambar:Angga Raka Prabowo, Wakil Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika (2024).png|75px]] | [[Angga Raka Prabowo]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#B79164| | [[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- | [[Gambar:Nezar Patria, Wakil Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] | [[Nezar Patria]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | 30 | Wakil Mantri Taniwidya | [[Gambar:Sudaryono sebagai Wakil Menteri Pertanian (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] | [[Sudaryono]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#B79164| | [[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- | 31 | Wakil Mantri Wanawidya | [[Gambar:Sulaiman Umar Siddiq, Wakil Menteri Kehutanan (2024) (cropped).png|75px]] | [[Sulaiman Umar Siddiq]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | 32 | Wakil Mantri Sagara lan Minakarya | [[Gambar:Didit Herdiawan Ashaf, Wakil Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan (2024) - white.png|75px]] | [[Didit Herdiawan]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | 33 | Wakil Mantri Bumiguna lan Rantamlowah/ Kepala Badan Tanah Praja | [[Gambar:Ossy Dermawan, Wakil Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] | [[Ossy Dermawan]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#2643A3| | [[Parté Dhémokrat|Dhémokrat]] |- | 34 | Wakil Mantri Rantamwangun Prajal/ Wakil Kepala Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional | [[Gambar:Febrian Alphyanto Ruddyard.jpg|90x90px]] | [[Febrian Alphyanto Ruddyard]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | 35 | Wakil Mantri Pingguna Rantikaraning Praja lan Pimbaliwujud | [[Gambar:Purwadi Arianto, Wakil Menteri PAN-RB (2024) (cropped).png|75px]] | [[Purwadi Arianto]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | rowspan=3| 36 | rowspan=3| Wakil Mantri Prajasaharya | [[Gambar:Kartika Wirjoatmodjo, Wakil Menteri BUMN (version 3).png|75px]] | [[Kartika Wirjoatmodjo]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | 2 Oktober 2025 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | [[Gambar:Aminuddin Ma'ruf, Wakil Menteri BUMN (2024).jpg|75px]] | [[Aminuddin Ma'ruf]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | 2 Oktober 2025 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | [[Gambar:Dony Oskaria, Wakil Menteri BUMN (2024).jpg|75px]] | [[Dony Oskaria]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | 2 Oktober 2025 | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | 37 | Wakil Mantri Padunung lan Pimanguning Kulawarga/ Wakil Kepala [[Badan Padunung lan Kulawarga Berencana Praja]] | [[Gambar:Ratu Ayu Isyana Bagoes Oka, Wakil Menteri Kependudukan dan Pembangunan Keluarga (2024).jpg|75px]] | [[Isyana Bagoes Oka]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#FF00FF| | [[Parté Solidaritas Indonésia|PSI]] |- | 38 | Wakil Mantri Parikubeng / Kepala Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup | [[Gambar:Diaz Hendropiyono.png|75px]] | [[Diaz Hendropriyono]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#fa0404| | [[Parté Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonésia|PKP]] |- | 39 | Wakil Mantri Tandurdhuwit lan Hilir/Wakil Kepala [[Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal]] | [[Gambar:Todotua Pasaribu, Wakil Menteri Investasi dan Hilirisasi - Wakil Kepala BKPM (2024) (cropped).webp|75px]] | [[Todotua Pasaribu]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | rowspan=2| 40 | rowspan=2| Wakil Mantri Samasaharya | [[Gambar:Ferry Juliantono, Wakil Menteri Koperasi (2025).png|75px]] | [[Ferry Juliantono]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | 8 Sèptèmber 2025 | bgcolor=#B79164| | [[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- |[[Gambar:Farida Farichah, Wakil Menteri Koperasi (2025).jpg|75px]] |Farida Farichah |17 Sèptèmber 2025 |''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#008000| | [[Parté Kebangkitan Bangsa|PKB]] |- | 41 | Wakil Mantri Saharya Mikro, Acilik, lan Atengahan | [[Gambar:Hevli Yuni Moraza.jpg|75px]] | [[Helvi Yuni Moraza]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#B79164| | [[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- | 42 | Wakil Mantri Wisata | [[Gambar:Ni Luh Erna Erawati, Wakil Menteri Pariwisata (2024) (cropped).jpg|75px]] | [[Ni Luh Puspa]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | 43 | Wakil Mantri Artatata Macitakarya/ Wakil Kepala Artatata Macitakarya | [[Gambar:Irene Umar.jpg|75px]] | [[Irene Umar]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#d3d3d3| | Indepènden |- | 44 | Wakil Mantri Pindayaning Wanita lan Pingayoming Bocah | [[Gambar:Veronica Tan, Wakil Menteri Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak (2024).png|75px]] | [[Veronica Tan]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#7583A9| | [[Partai Persatuan Indonesia|Perindo]] |- | 45 | Wakil Mantri Pinianom lan Ulahraga | [[Gambar:Taufik Hidayat, Wakil Menteri Pemuda dan Olahraga (2025).png|75px]] | [[Taufik Hidayat]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | 8 Sèptèmber 2025 | bgcolor=#B79164| | [[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |- | 46 | Wakil Mantri Kaji lan Umrah | [[Gambar:Dahnil Anzar Simanjuntak, Wakil Menteri Haji dan Umrah (2025).png|75px]] | [[Dahnil Anzar Simanjuntak]] | 8 Sèptèmber 2025 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor=#B79164| | [[Parté Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]] |} ====Pejabat lainnya==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! width="25" |No. ! width="280" |Jabatan ! width="150" |Foto ! width="250" |Jeneng ! width="200" |Wiwit ! width="200" |Nganti ! colspan="2" width="150" |Partai |- | 1 | Wakil Kepala Staf Kaprésidhènan | [[Gambar:Muhammad Qodari, Wakil Kepala Staf Kepresidenan RI (2024).png|75px]] | [[Muhammad Qodari]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |- | 2 | Wakil Ketua Dewan Artatata Praja | [[Gambar:Mari Elka Pangestu RI.jpg|75px]] | [[Mari Elka Pangestu]] | 5 November 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |} === Sekretaris Kabinet === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! width="25" |No. ! width="280" |Jabatan ! width="150" |Foto ! width="250" |Jeneng ! width="200" |Wiwit ! width="200" |Nganti ! colspan="2" width="150" |Partai |- | 1 | [[File:Lambang Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia (2025).svg|60px]]<br>[[Pratélan Sekretaris Kabinèt Indonésia|Sekretaris Kabinèt]]<ref>{{Cite web|author=Verda Nano Setiawan|title=Bos PCO Hasan Nasbi: Seskab Teddy Indra akan berada di bawah Setneg|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20241021123447-4-581653/bos-pco-hasan-nasbi-seskab-teddy-indra-akan-berada-di-bawah-setneg|website=CNBC Indonesia|access-date=21 Oktober 2024|date=21 Oktober 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Walda Marison|editor=Didik Kusbiantoro|date=21 Oktober 2024|title=TNI AD pastikan Mayor Teddy segera sertijab Wadanyonif 328/Dirgahayu|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4412033/tni-ad-pastikan-mayor-teddy-segera-sertijab-wadanyonif-328-dirgahayu|website=AntaraNews.com|access-date=21 Oktober 2024}}</ref> | [[Gambar:Mayor TNI Teddy Indra Wijaya, Sekretaris Kabinet (2024).jpg|75px]] | [[Mayor|Mayor TNI]] [[Teddy Indra Wijaya]] | 21 Oktober 2024 | ''Saiki'' | bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | | Indepènden |} ==Referensi== {{reflist}} {{Kabinèt Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Kabinèt Indonésia|Abang Putih]] fc382v74u563p5tgx4x0w4zrqsf134k Cagar budaya ing Kabupatèn Sléman 0 198007 1759887 1744905 2026-11-05T12:22:39Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 25 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759887 wikitext text/x-wiki Kaca iki ngamot pratélan cagar budaya ing [[Kabupatèn Sléman]] kang kadhaptar ing ''Direktorat Pelestarian Cagar Budaya dan Permuseuman''. Pratélan iki dudu minangka sawijining pratélan kang wis ganep utawa tansah dianyari. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%;" !No. !Jeneng !Kodhe Parumatan !Nomer Surat Keputusan !Tanggal Surat Keputusan !Kategori !Tataran !Papan !Ruj. !Gambar |- | align="center" |1. | align="left" |[[Candhi Ratu Baka]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000066 KB000066] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121173142/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000066 |date=2025-01-21 }} | align="center" |157/M/1998 | align="center" |1 Juli 1998 | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |Nasional | align="center" |Bakaharja, Prambanan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/situs-ratu-boko-2/|title=Situs Ratu Boko|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Kraton Ratu Boko (Ratu Boko Temple) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia 03.jpg|60px]] |- | align="center" |2. | align="left" |[[Candhi Kalasan]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000067 KB000067] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121174617/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000067 |date=2025-01-21 }} | align="center" |157/M/1998 | align="center" |1 Juli 1998 | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |Nasional | align="center" |Tirtamartani, Kalasan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/candi-kalasan/|title=Candi Kalasan|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Kalasan Temple from the north-east, 23 November 2013.jpg|60px]] |- | align="center" |3. | align="left" |[[Candhi Ijo]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000068 KB000068] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124082508/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000068 |date=2025-01-24 }} | align="center" |157/M/1998 | align="center" |1 Juli 1998 | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |Nasional | align="center" |Sambireja, Prambanan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/candi-ijo/|title=Candi Ijo|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Candi Perwara Candi Ijo.jpg|60px]] |- | align="center" |4. | align="left" |[[Candhi Sambisari]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000070 KB000070] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124103406/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000070 |date=2025-01-24 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Purwamartani, Kalasan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/candi-sambisari/|title=Candi Sambisari|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Candi Sambisari main temple 2013-11-28 03.jpg|60px]] |- | align="center" |5. | align="left" |[[Candhi Banyuniba]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000071 KB000071] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124085612/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000071 |date=2025-01-24 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Bakaharja, Prambanan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/candi-banyunibo/|title=Candi Banyunibo|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Banyunibo Temple, 2014-05-31 01.jpg|60px]] |- | align="center" |6. | align="left" |[[Candhi Prambanan]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000072 KB000072] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124083250/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000072 |date=2025-01-24 }} | align="center" |157/M/1998 | align="center" |1 Juli 1998 | align="center" |Laladan | align="center" |Nasional | align="center" |Bakaharja, Prambanan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/kompleks-candi-prambanan/|title=Kompleks Candi Prambanan|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Prambanan Complex 1.jpg|60px]] |- | align="center" |7. | align="left" |[[Candhi Barong]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000093 KB000093] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124123647/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000093 |date=2025-01-24 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Sambireja, Prambanan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/candi-barong/|title=Candi Barong|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Kompleks Candi Barong.jpg|60px]] |- | align="center" |8. | align="left" |[[Candhi Sari]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000094 KB000094] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124103607/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000094 |date=2025-01-24 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Tirtamartani, Kalasan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/candi-sari/|title=Candi Sari|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Sari Temple, 2014-04-10, from 52 images.jpg|60px]] |- | align="center" |9. | align="left" |[[Pasanggrahan Ambarrukma]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB000112 KB000112]{{Pranala mati|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | align="center" |PM.25/PW.007/MKP/2007 | align="center" |26 Maret 2007 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Nasional | align="center" |Caturtunggal, Dhépok, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/4045/pesanggrahan-ambarukmo|title=Pesanggrahan Ambarrukmo|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Pesanggrahan Ambarrukmo.jpg|60px]] |- | align="center" |10. | align="left" |[[Pasanggrahan Ngèksiganda]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB001643 KB001643] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250203182733/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB001643 |date=2025-02-03 }} | align="center" |210/KEP/2010 | align="center" |2 Sèptèmber 2010 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Provinsi | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/pesanggrahan-ngeksiganda/|title=Pesanggrahan Ngeksiganda|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Pesanggrahan Ngeksiganda02 Pj IMG 20210117 111828.jpg|60px]] |- | align="center" |11. | align="left" |[[Masjid Pathok Nagara Sulthani Plasakuning]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002660 KB002660] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121182939/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002660 |date=2025-01-21 }} | align="center" |210/KEP/2010 | align="center" |2 Sèptèmber 2010 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Provinsi | align="center" |Minamartani, Ngaglik, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/masjid-pathok-negara-sulthoni-masjid-pathok-negoro-plosokuning-1364|title=Masjid Pathok Negara Sulthoni Plosokuning|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |12. | align="left" |[[Kreteg Ril Pangukan]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002662 KB002662] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122110440/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002662 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |210/KEP/2010 | align="center" |2 Sèptèmber 2010 | align="center" |Struktur | align="center" |Provinsi | align="center" |Tridadi, Sléman, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/551/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|title=Jembatan Rel Kereta Api Pangukan|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |13. | align="left" |[[Griya Sakit Jiwa Grhasia]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002665 KB002665] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122110440/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002665 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |210/KEP/2010 | align="center" |2 Sèptèmber 2010 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Provinsi | align="center" |Pakembinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/rumah-sakit-jiwa-grhsia/|title=Rumah Sakit Jiwa Grhasia|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |14. | align="left" |[[Buk Rèntèng (Kanal Van der Wijck)]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002667 KB002667] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122104938/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002667 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |210/KEP/2010 | align="center" |2 Sèptèmber 2010 | align="center" |Struktur | align="center" |Provinsi | align="center" |Banyureja, Tèmpèl, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/550/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|title=Selokan Van der Wijck|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |15. | align="left" |[[Dalem Hersat Wahyutama]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002672 KB002672] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122110440/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002672 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |210/KEP/2010 | align="center" |2 Sèptèmber 2010 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Provinsi | align="center" |Tirtamartani, Kalasan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/rumah-milik-hersat-wahyutama|title=Rumah Hersat Wahyutama|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |16. | align="left" |[[Dalem Sri Widada]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002681 KB002681] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122104937/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002681 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |210/KEP/2010 | align="center" |2 Sèptèmber 2010 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Provinsi | align="center" |Argamulya, Cangkringan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/rumah-limasan-milik-sri-widodo|title=Rumah Limasan Sri Widodo|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |17. | align="left" |[[Kantor Pagadhéan Tèmpèl]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002683 KB002683] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122110443/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002683 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |210/KEP/2010 | align="center" |2 Sèptèmber 2010 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Provinsi | align="center" |Lumbungreja, Tèmpèl, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/pengadaian-tempel|title=Pegadaian Tempel|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |18. | align="left" |Dalem Djaka Pamungkas | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002687 KB002687] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124083119/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB002687 |date=2025-01-24 }} | align="center" |798/KEP/2009 | align="center" |28 Novèmber 2009 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |? | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |19. | align="left" |[[SMP Negeri 1 Sleman]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003560 KB003560] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122110440/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003560 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Caturharja, Sléman, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/3205/smp-negeri-1-sleman|title=SMP Negeri 1 Sleman|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |20. | align="left" |[[Setatsiyun Medari]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003561 KB003561] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122104938/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003561 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Caturharja, Sléman, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/646/bekas-stasiun-kereta-api-medari|title=Bekas Stasiun Kereta Api Medari|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Stasiun Medari 01.JPG|60px]] |- | align="center" |21. | align="left" |[[Setatsiyun Tèmpèl]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003562 KB003562] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122110440/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003562 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Lumbungreja, Tèmpèl, Sléman | align="center" |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/bekas-gudang-stasiun-tempel-9137|title=Bekas Gudang Stasiun Tempel|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Stasiun Tempel 2021.jpg|60px]] |- | align="center" |22. | align="left" |[[Gudhang Setatsiyun Tèmpèl]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003563 KB003563] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122110445/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003563 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Lumbungreja, Tèmpèl, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/bekas-gudang-stasiun-tempel-9137|title=Bekas Gudang Stasiun Tempel|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |23. | align="left" |[[Prasasti Salimar IV]]<br>(No. Inventaris BG.36) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003564 KB003564]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Caturtunggal, Dhépok, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/4047/prasasti-salimar-iv|title=Prasasti Salimar IV|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref>{{efn|Disimpen ing Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah X.}} | align="center" | |- | align="center" |24. | align="left" |[[Prasasti Salimar V]]<br>(No. Inventaris BG.254) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003565 KB003565] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122072045/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003565 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Caturtunggal, Dhépok, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/4048/prasasti-salimar-v|title=Prasasti Salimar V|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref>{{efn|Disimpen ing Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah X.}} | align="center" | |- | align="center" |25. | align="left" |[[Prasasti Salimar VI]]<br>(No. Inventaris BG.852) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003566 KB003566] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075100/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003566 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Caturtunggal, Dhépok, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/3747/prasasti-salimar-vi|title=Prasasti Salimar VI|access-date=22 Januari 2025|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>{{efn|Disimpen ing Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah X.}} | align="center" | |- | align="center" |26. | align="left" |Murti Narasimha | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003567 KB003567] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122073547/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003567 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |27. | align="left" |Murti Wisnu Triwikrama | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003568 KB003568] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075107/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003568 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |28. | align="left" |Murti Wisnu | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003569 KB003569] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075109/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003569 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |29. | align="left" |[[Situs Murti Gupala]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003570 KB003570] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122073547/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003570 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |30. | align="left" |[[Situs Watu Gudhig]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003571 KB003571] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075050/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003571 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Bakaharja, Prambanan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/361/situs-watugudig|title=Situs Watu Gudhig|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124212712/https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/361/situs-watugudig|archive-date=2025-01-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |31. | align="left" |Murti Dhyani Buddha Aksobya | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003572 KB003572] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075051/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003572 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |32. | align="left" |Murti Dhyani Buddha Amithaba<br>(No. Inventaris BG.390) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003573 KB003573] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122110448/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003573 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Sinduharja, Ngaglik, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.bhumiakasa.com/detail/4051/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|title=Arca Dhyani Budha Amitabha|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025|archive-date=2025-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122103436/https://jogjacagar.bhumiakasa.com/detail/4051/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{efn|Disimpen ing Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah X.}} | align="center" | |- | align="center" |33. | align="left" |Murti Dhyani Bodhisatwa Awalokiteswara | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003574 KB003574] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122080603/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003574 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |34. | align="left" |Murti Nandini<br>(No. Inventaris BG.1873) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003575 KB003575] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124101111/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003575 |date=2025-01-24 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Jagatirta, Berbah, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/3371/arca-nandi|title=Arca Nandini|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211102344/https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/3371/arca-nandi|archive-date=2025-02-11|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{efn|Disimpen ing Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah X.}} | align="center" | |- | align="center" |35. | align="left" |Murti Nandini<br>(No. Inventaris ?) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003576 KB003576] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124083208/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003576 |date=2025-01-24 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |? | align="center" |{{efn|Disimpen ing Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah X.}} | align="center" | |- | align="center" |36. | align="left" |Murti Ganésa Ambarrukma | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003577 KB003577] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075053/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003577 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |37. | align="left" |Murti Ganésa | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003578 KB003578] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075112/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003578 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |38. | align="left" |Murti Ganésa Sumberwatu | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003579 KB003579] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075106/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003579 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |39. | align="left" |[[Wangunan Kapanjèn Sanggrahan Berbah]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003580 KB003580] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075104/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003580 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupaten/Kutha | align="center" |Tegaltirta, Berbah, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/bangunan-kepanjen-di-sanggrahan-berbah-2|title=Bangunan Kepanjen Sanggrahan Berbah|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |40. | align="left" |[[Dalem Sigit Indriyanta]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003581 KB003581] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075111/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003581 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Candhibinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/rumah-sigit-indriyanta-1456|title=Rumah Sigit Indriyanta|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |41. | align="left" |[[Joglo Singadikara]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003582 KB003582] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122072045/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003582 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Margareja, Tèmpèl, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediacenter.slemankab.go.id/2023/09/05/dalem-singodikaran-rumah-berusia-230-tahun-yang-menyimpan-banyak-catatan-sejarah/|title=Dalem Singodikaran, Rumah Berusia 230 Tahun yang Menyimpan Banyak Catatan Sejarah|website=Media Center Sembada Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |42. | align="left" |[[ANIEM Tridadi]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003583 KB003583] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124095806/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003583 |date=2025-01-24 }} | align="center" |5.9/Kep.KDH/A/2018 | align="center" |9 Januari 2018 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Tridadi, Sléman, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/4054/tiang-listrik-tridadi-sleman|title=Tiang Listrik Sleman|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250212094902/https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/4054/tiang-listrik-tridadi-sleman|archive-date=2025-02-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |43. | align="left" |[[Joglo Fajar Krismasto]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003584 KB003584] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075114/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003584 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Danaharja, Ngaglik, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/3941/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|title=Rumah Joglo Fajar Krismanto|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122190521/https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/3941/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|archive-date=2025-01-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |44. | align="left" |[[Kreteg Ril Pangukan]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003585 KB003585] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075123/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003585 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Struktur | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Tridadi, Sléman, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/551/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|title=Jembatan Rel Kereta Api Pangukan|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |45. | align="left" |[[Joglo Suyadi]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003586 KB003586] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122072700/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003586 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Pandhawaharja, Sléman, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/rumah-joglo-milik-suyadi|title=Rumah Joglo Suyadi|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |46. | align="left" |[[Joglo Subardjo]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003587 KB003587] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122073209/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003587 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Margamulya, Séyégan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/rumah-joglo-milik-subardjo|title=Rumah Joglo Subardjo|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |47. | align="left" |[[Kantor Kapanéwon Tèmpèl]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003589 KB003589] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122073209/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003589 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Lumbungreja, Tèmpèl, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/kapanewon-tempel/|title=Kantor Kapanewon Tempel|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |48. | align="left" |[[Dalem Limasan Mijasastran]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003590 KB003590] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075128/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003590 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Tirtaadi, Mlathi, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/rumah-limasan-mijosastran|title=Rumah Limasan Mijosastran|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |49. | align="left" |[[Joglo Muhadi]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003591 KB003591] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075125/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003591 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Bangunkerta, Turi, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/rumah-joglo-milik-muhadi|title=Rumah Joglo Muhadi|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |50. | align="left" |[[Situs Guwa Sentana]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003595 KB003595] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075127/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003595 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Struktur | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Jagatirta, Berbah, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/gua-sentono-di-berbah-sleman|title=Situs Gua Sentono|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Abang09_4_4.jpg|pra=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Abang09_4_4.jpg|60x60px]] |- | align="center" |51. | align="left" |[[Masjid Pathok Nagara Sulthani Wotgalih]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003596 KB003596] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122080611/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003596 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Sendhangtirta, Berbah, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/masjid-sulthoni-wotgaleh|title=Masjid Pathok Nagara Sulthani Wotgalih|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025|archive-date=2024-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723063724/https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/masjid-sulthoni-wotgaleh|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |52. | align="left" |[[Candhi Abang]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003597 KB003597] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122080612/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003597 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Struktur | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Jagatirta, Berbah, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/situs-candi-abang|title=Situs Candi Abang|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Candi Abang (2009).jpg|pra=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Candi Abang (2009).jpg|60x60px]] |- | align="center" |53. | align="left" |[[Guwa Jepang Sentanareja]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003598 KB003598]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Struktur | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Jagatirta, Berbah, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2019/01/22/161300127/tak-hanya-bandung-jogja-juga-punya-goa-jepang|title=Tak Hanya Bandung, Jogja Juga Punya Gua Jepang|website=Kompas|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |54. | align="left" |[[Candhi Klodangan]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003599 KB003599] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122080607/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003599 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Sendhangtirta, Berbah, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/522/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|title=Candi Klodangan|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Klodangan Temple (1).jpg|pra=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Klodangan Temple (1).jpg|60x60px]] |- | align="center" |55. | align="left" |[[Candhi Kimpulan]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003600 KB003600] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122073209/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003600 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Umbulmartani, Ngemplak, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/3937/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|title=Candi Kimpulan|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Pustakasala_1.jpg|pra=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Pustakasala_1.jpg|60x60px]] |- | align="center" |56. | align="left" |[[Candhi Kadisoka]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003601 KB003601] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122073209/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003601 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Purwamartani, Kalasan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/candi-kadisoka/|title=Candi Kadisoka|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Candi_Kadisoka,_Sleman_2013-11-28_01.jpg|pra=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Candi_Kadisoka,_Sleman_2013-11-28_01.jpg|60x60px]] |- | align="center" |57. | align="left" |[[Candhi Gebang]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003602 KB003602] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122073209/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003602 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Wédamartani, Ngemplak, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/candi-gebang-2/|title=Candi Gebang|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Gebang_Temple.jpg|pra=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Gebang_Temple.jpg|60x60px]] |- | align="center" |58. | align="left" |[[Bangsal Palereman]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003603 KB003603] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122073209/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003603 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017 | align="center" |16 Fèbruari 2017 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Bakaharja, Prambanan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/bangsal-palereman|title=Bangsal Palereman|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025|archive-date=2021-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730082721/https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/bangsal-palereman|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |59. | align="left" |[[Gedhong Pusat Universitas Gadjah Mada]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003746 KB003746] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122073212/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB003746 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |349/KEP/2012 | align="center" |22 Oktober 2002 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Provinsi | align="center" |Caturtunggal, Dhépok, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/3222/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|title=Gedung Pusat Universitas Gadjah Mada|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |60. | align="left" |Murti Dhyani Buddha Amitabha<br>(No. Inventaris ?) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004099 KB004099] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122110441/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004099 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://referensi.data.kemdikbud.go.id/kebudayaan/kode/KB004099|title=Arca Dhyani Buddha Amitabha|website=Data Referensi Kementerian Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |61. | align="left" |Murti Dhyani Bodhisatwa Avalokiteswara | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004100 KB004100] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122110440/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004100 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |62. | align="left" |Murti Dhyani Buddha Amitabha<br>(No. Inventaris ?) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004101 KB004101] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122104937/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004101 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |? | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |63. | align="left" |[[Musiyum Kesatuan Pergerakan Wanita Indonesia Mandala Bhakti Wanitatama]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004102 KB004102] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074034/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004102 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Caturtunggal, Dhépok, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wisatabudayaku.sv.ugm.ac.id/2019/09/28/museum-monumen-kesatuan-pergerakan-wanita-indonesia/|title=Museum Monumen Kesatuan Pergerakan Wanita Indonesia|website=Wisata Budayaku|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |64. | align="left" |Klambi Atéla Kolèksi Mandala Bhakti Wanitatama<br>(No. Inventaris 01.56) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004103 KB004103] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074031/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004103 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Caturtunggal, Dhépok, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/930/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|title=Baju Atela|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>{{efn|Disimpen ing Musiyum Kesatuan Pergerakan Wanita Indonesia Mandala Bhakti Wanitatama.}} | align="center" | |- | align="center" |65. | align="left" |Mesin Jait | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004104 KB004104] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074033/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004104 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |66. | align="left" |Mesin Tik | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004105 KB004105] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074038/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004105 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |67. | align="left" |Vandel | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004106 KB004106] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074037/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004106 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |68. | align="left" |Proyèktor Filem | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004107 KB004107] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074035/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004107 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |69. | align="left" |Cagak Vandel<br>(No. Inventaris 01.16) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004108 KB004108] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074036/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004108 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Caturtunggal, Dhépok, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/937/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|title=Tiang Vandel|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>{{efn|Disimpen ing Musiyum Kesatuan Pergerakan Wanita Indonesia Mandala Bhakti Wanitatama.}} | align="center" | |- | align="center" |70. | align="left" |Perkakas Mangsak{{efn|Peralatan memasak dari tembaga ini terdiri atas sembilan buah, yaitu dandang (No. Inventaris 01.6a dan 01.6b), kenceng (No. Inventaris 01.7a, 01.7b, 01.7c, 01.7d, dan 01.7e), kuali (No. Inventaris 01.8), dan tutup dandang (No. Inventaris 01.9).}} | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004109 KB004109] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074034/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004109 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Caturtunggal, Dhépok, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/941/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|title=Peralatan Masak|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>{{efn|Disimpen ing Musiyum Kesatuan Pergerakan Wanita Indonesia Mandala Bhakti Wanitatama.}} | align="center" | |- | align="center" |71. | align="left" |[[SMP Negeri 1 Berbah]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004110 KB004110] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075533/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004110 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Kalitirta, Berbah, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/951/smp-n-1-berbah|title=SMP Negeri 1 Berbah|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |72. | align="left" |[[Kantor Pulisi Séktor Berbah]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004111 KB004111] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075538/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004111 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Kalitirta, Berbah, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/kantor-polsek-berbah-2/|title=Kantor Polsek Berbah|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |73. | align="left" |[[Balé Désa Sidaluhur]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004112 KB004112] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074034/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004112 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Sidaluhur, Godhéan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/balai-desa-sidoluhur/|title=Balai Desa Sidoluhur|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |74. | align="left" |[[Balé Padhukuhan Klajuran]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004113 KB004113] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074031/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004113 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Sidakarta, Godhéan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/1010/balai-padukuhan-klajuran|title=Balai Padukuhan Klajuran|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |75. | align="left" |Khatvanga Awujud Bhairava<br>(No. Inventaris BG.49) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004114 KB004114] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074031/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004114 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Sindumartani, Ngemplak, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/1011/khatvanga-berbentuk-bhairava|title=Khatvanga Berbentuk Bhairava|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>{{efn|Disimpen ing Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah X.}} | align="center" | |- | align="center" |76. | align="left" |Murti Cunda<br>(No. Inventaris BG.1440) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004115 KB004115] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074031/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004115 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Glagaharja, Cangkringan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/1012/arca-cunda|title=Arca Cunda|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>{{efn|Disimpen ing Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah X.}} | align="center" | |- | align="center" |77. | align="left" |[[Dalem Pujiwati Sukendra]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004116 KB004116] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074033/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004116 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Sendhangagung, Minggir, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/1013/rumah-pujiwati-sukendro|title=Rumah Pujiwati Sukendro|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |78. | align="left" |Genta lan Thuthuk<br>(No. Inventaris BG.1146 dan BG.1147) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004117 KB004117] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075537/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004117 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Trihangga, Gamping, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/1014/genta-dan-pemukul|title=Genta dan Pemukul|access-date=22 Januari 2025|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>{{efn|Disimpen ing Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah X.}} | align="center" | |- | align="center" |79. | align="left" |Murti Vairocana<br>(No. Inventaris ?) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004118 KB004118] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074031/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004118 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Mayudan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://referensi.data.kemdikbud.go.id/kebudayaan/kode/KB004118|title=Arca Vairocana|website=Data Referensi Kementerian Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |80. | align="left" |Murti Jambhala<br>(No. Inventaris ?) | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004119 KB004119] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074031/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004119 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Barang | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Trihangga, Gamping, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/arca-jambhala/|title=Arca Jambhala|access-date=22 Januari 2025|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta}}</ref>{{efn|Disimpen ing Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah X.}} | align="center" | |- | align="center" |81. | align="left" |[[Puskesmas Mlathi II]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004120 KB004120] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075539/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004120 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Sumberadi, Mlathi, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/1017/puskesmas-mlati-ii|title=Puskesmas Mlati II|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |82. | align="left" |[[Dalem Ismuhardjono]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004121 KB004121] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075541/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004121 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Sumberagung, Mayudan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/696/rumah-ismuhardjono|title=Rumah Ismuhardjono|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |83. | align="left" |[[Pasar Srowolan]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004122 KB004122] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074224/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004122 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Purwabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/1019/pasar-srowolan|title=Pasar Srowolan|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |84. | align="left" |[[Pasanggrahan Hargapèni]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004123 KB004123] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122074223/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB004123 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |6.13.Kep.KDH.A.2019 | align="center" |1 Fèbruari 2019 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/4094/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|title=Lokasi Pesanggrahan Hargopeni|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |85. | align="left" |[[Gréja Kristen Jawa Pakem]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005294 KB005294] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122100859/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005294 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Pakembinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/gereja-kristen-jawa-pakem-0372|title=Gereja Kristen Jawa Pakem|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |86. | align="left" |Wangunan Administrasi Panti Asih | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005295 KB005295] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122100858/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005295 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/bangunan-administrasi-kompleks-panti-asih-6162|title=Bangunan Administrasi Kompleks Panti Asih|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |87. | align="left" |[[Paviliun C Panti Asih]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005296 KB005296] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102252/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005296 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/paviliun-c-kompleks-panti-asih-4655|title=Paviliun C Kompleks Panti Asih|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |88. | align="left" |[[Papan Isolasi Panti Asih]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005297 KB005297] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102302/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005297 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/ruang-isolasi-kompleks-panti-asih-2799|title=Ruang Isolasi Kompleks Panti Asih|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |89. | align="left" |Éks Griya Dhinas Dhokter Panti Asih | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005298 KB005298]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/eks-rumah-dinas-dokter-kompleks-panti-asih-4429|title=Eks Rumah Dinas Dokter Kompleks Panti Asih|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |90. | align="left" |Pawon lan Penaton Panti Asih | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005299 KB005299] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102303/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005299 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/dapur-dan-binatu-kompleks-panti-asih-4158|title=Dapur dan Binatu Kompleks Panti Asih|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |91. | align="left" |[[Paviliun B Panti Asih]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005300 KB005300] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102316/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005300 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/paviliun-b-kompleks-panti-asih-2930|title=Paviliun B Kompleks Panti Asih|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |92. | align="left" |[[Paviliun A Panti Asih]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005301 KB005301]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/bangunan-paviliun-a-komplek-pantiasih-3264|title=Bangunan Paviliun A Kompleks Panti Asih|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |93. | align="left" |[[Wisma Gadjah Mada]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005302 KB005302] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102308/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005302 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/wisma-gadjah-mada/|title=Wisma Gadjah Mada|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |94. | align="left" |[[Gréja Katulik Santo Yoseph Medari]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005303 KB005303] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102305/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005303 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Triharja, Sléman, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/gereja-katolik-santo-yoseph-medari-3903|title=Gereja Katolik Santo Yoseph Medari|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |95. | align="left" |[[Kantor Kapanéwon Kalasan]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005304 KB005304] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102307/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005304 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Tirtamartani, Kalasan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/993/lokasi-kompleks-kecamatan-kalasan|title=Kompleks Kantor Kecamatan Kalasan|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |96. | align="left" |[[Éks Kantor Bupati Sléman]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005305 KB005305] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102314/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005305 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Tridadi, Sléman, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/4066/eks-kantor-bupati-sleman|title=Eks Kantor Bupati Sleman|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |97. | align="left" |[[Dhusun Mlangi]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005306 KB005306] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102318/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005306 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Nagatirta, Gamping, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/995/lokasimlangi|title=Mlangi|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |98. | align="left" |[[Pasaréan Patih Danureja II]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005307 KB005307] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102312/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005307 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Nagatirta, Gamping, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/4091/lokasi-makam-patih-danurejo-ii|title=Makam Patih Danurejo II|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |99. | align="left" |[[Hostèl Vogels]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005308 KB005308] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102305/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005308 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/600/hotel-vogels|title=Hotel Vogels|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |100. | align="left" |[[Wisma Kaliurang]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005310 KB005310] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102302/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005310 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/443/wisma-kaliurang|title=Wisma Kaliurang|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |101. | align="left" |[[Wisma Merapi Indah I]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005311 KB005311] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102303/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005311 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/wisma-merapi-indah-i-sleman/|title=Wisma Merapi Indah I|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |102. | align="left" |[[Pasaréan J.F. de Bly]] | align="center" |[https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005312 KB005312] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102305/https://budaya-data.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/objek/KB005312 |date=2025-01-22 }} | align="center" |5.1/ Kep.KDH/A/2021 | align="center" |18 Januari 2021 | align="center" |Struktur | align="center" |Kabupatèn/Kutha | align="center" |Kalitirta, Berbah, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/990/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|title=Makam J.F. de Bly|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |103. | align="left" |[[Situs Pangauban Barang Cagar Budaya Seyegan]] | colspan="3" align="center" |Durung diajokaké | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |- | align="center" |Margaagung, Séyégan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/penampungan-benda-cagar-budaya-bcb-seyegan-bagian-i/|title=Penampungan Benda Cagar Budaya (BCB) Seyegan (Bagian I)|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="left" |104. | align="left" |[[Situs Pangauban Barang Cagar Budaya Mlathi]] | colspan="3" align="center" |Durung diajokaké | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |- | align="center" |Tlagaadi, Mlathi, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/penampungan-benda-cagar-budaya-bcb-mlati/|title=Penampungan Benda Cagar Budaya (BCB) Mlati (Bagian I)|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |105. | align="left" |[[Situs Pangauban Barang Cagar Budaya Turi]] | colspan="3" align="center" |Durung diajokaké | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |- | align="center" |Tlagaadi, Mlathi, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/penampungan-benda-cagar-budaya-bcb-turi/|title=Penampungan Benda Cagar Budaya (BCB) Turi|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |106. | align="left" |[[Musiyum Plataran]] | colspan="3" align="center" |Durung diajokaké | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |- | align="center" |Sélamartani, Kalasan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-tengah/d-4165117/monumen-plataran-mengenang-perjuangan-taruna-militer-academy|title=Monumen Plataran, Mengenang Perjuangan Taruna Militer Academy|website=Detik|access-date=22 Januari 2025|archive-date=2022-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107034214/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-tengah/d-4165117/monumen-plataran-mengenang-perjuangan-taruna-militer-academy|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |107. | align="left" |[[Guwa Jepang Kaliurang]] | colspan="3" align="center" |Durung diajokaké | align="center" |Struktur | align="center" |- | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2019/01/09/111400727/jelajah-goa-jepang-yang-tersembunyi-di-lereng-selatan-merapi|title=Jelajah Goa Jepang yang Tersembunyi di Lereng Selatan Merapi|website=Kompas|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |108. | align="left" |[[Wisma Kedaulatan Rakyat]] | colspan="3" align="center" |Durung diajokaké | align="center" |Wewangunan | align="center" |- | align="center" |Hargabinangun, Pakem, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rumah Indis Wisma Kedaulatan Rakyat (KR)|url=https://direktoribudaya.slemankab.go.id/detail/rumah-indis-wisma-kedaulatan-rakyat-kr-2929|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |109. | align="left" |[[Candhi Miri]] | colspan="3" align="center" |Durung diajokaké | align="center" |Struktur | align="center" |- | align="center" |Sambireja, Prambanan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/candi-miri/|title=Candi Miri|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Candi Miri (2009).jpg|60px]] |- | align="center" |110. | align="left" |[[Candhi Palgadhing]] | colspan="3" align="center" |Durung diajokaké | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |- | align="center" |Sinduharja, Ngaglik, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/situs-palgading/|title=Situs Palgading|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" |[[Barkas:Palgading Temple complex, 2014-09-28 01.jpg|60px]] |- | align="center" |111. | align="left" |[[Masjid Kagungan Dalem Sambisari]] | colspan="3" align="center" |Durung diajokaké | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |- | align="center" |Purwamartani, Kalasan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kalasan.slemankab.go.id/warisan-cagar-budaya-masjid-sambisari.slm|title=Warisan Cagar Budaya Masjid Sambisari|website=Kapanewon Kalasan|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |112. | align="left" |[[Éks Pabrik Gula Randhugunting]] | colspan="3" align="center" |Durung diajokaké | align="center" |Struktur | align="center" |- | align="center" |Tamanmartani, Kalasan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/eks-klinik-pabrik-gula-randugunting-1|title=Eks Pabrik Gula Randugunting|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="center" | |- | align="center" |113. | align="left" |[[Musiyum Mini "Sisa Hartaku"]] | colspan="3" align="center" |Durung diajokaké | align="center" |Situs | align="center" |- | align="center" |Kepuharja, Cangkringan, Sléman | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yogyakarta.kompas.com/read/2024/05/04/204901478/museum-mini-sisa-hartaku-di-yogyakarta-koleksi-harga-tiket-dan-jam-buka?page=all|title=Museum Mini Sisa Hartaku di Yogyakarta: Koleksi, Harga Tiket, dan Jam Buka|website=Kompas|access-date=22 Januari 2025}}</ref> | align="center" | |} == Cathetan == {{notes|2}} == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala jaba == * [https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/daftar-warisan-benda-budaya Daftar Warisan Barang Budaya di Sleman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240920230832/https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/daftar-warisan-benda-budaya |date=2024-09-20 }}. [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Sléman]] 5yuy787s69kf7ac0nfu3fszbncdn2l8 Konsulat Jenderal India, Medan 0 198022 1760189 1733131 2026-11-06T06:36:44Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diplomatic mission |name=Konsulat Jenderal India Medan, Sumatera Utara<br><small>मेदान में भारतीय महावाणिज्य दूतावास, उत्तरी सुमात्रा</small> |consul=Ravi Shanker Goel |address=JL Uskup Agung A Sugiopranoto 19, Medan, 20152, Petisah Hulu, Medan Baru, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20152, Indonesia |coordinates={{coord|3.575693|98.671972}} |website={{url|https://www.cgimedan.gov.in/}} }} Konsulat Jenderal India ing Medan, Sumatra Lor minangka salah siji saka telung misi diplomatik India menyang Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cgimedan.gov.in/|title=Consulate General of India, Medan, Indonesia|website=www.cgimedan.gov.in|access-date=2025-01-26|archive-date=2023-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608074416/https://www.cgimedan.gov.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Konsul saiki yaiku Ravi Shankar Goel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cgimedan.gov.in/page/amb-profile/|title=Consulate General of India, Medan, Indonesia : Consul General|website=www.cgimedan.gov.in|access-date=2025-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206094806/https://www.cgimedan.gov.in/page/amb-profile/|archive-date=2024-12-06|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/sukarno-to-prabowo-subianto-india-indonesia-9799419/|title=From Sukarno to Prabowo Subianto: The evolution of India-Indonesia ties|date=2025-01-26|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=2025-01-26}}</ref> Kerjane ing Kedutaan Besar India ing Jakarta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indianembassyjakarta.gov.in/|title=Embassy of India, Jakarta|website=www.indianembassyjakarta.gov.in|access-date=2025-01-26}}</ref> bebarengan karo Konsulat India sing dumunung ing Denpasar, Bali uga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cgibali.gov.in/|title=Consulate General of India, Bali, Indonesia|website=www.cgibali.gov.in|access-date=2025-01-26}}</ref> ==Sajarah lan aktivitas== Konsulat nglayani fungsi sing penting lan strategis kanggo India saliyane karya diplomatik, kanthi mbantu koordinasi karo saben latihan angkatan laut lan kegiatan militer lan maritim liyane.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cgimedan.gov.in/news_detail/?newsid=124|title=Students' visit to the Consulate|website=www.cgimedan.gov.in|access-date=2025-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220003935/https://www.cgimedan.gov.in/news_detail/?newsid=124|archive-date=2025-02-20|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cgimedan.gov.in/news_detail/?newsid=128|title=Visit of INS Kavaratti to Battam|website=www.cgimedan.gov.in|access-date=2025-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220212800/https://www.cgimedan.gov.in/news_detail/?newsid=128|archive-date=2025-02-20|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cgimedan.gov.in/event_detail/?eventid=191|title=43rd INDIA – INDONESIA COORDINATED PATROL (IND-INDO CORPAT)|website=www.cgimedan.gov.in|access-date=2025-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126142549/https://www.cgimedan.gov.in/event_detail/?eventid=191|archive-date=2025-01-26|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/sukarno-to-prabowo-subianto-india-indonesia-9799419/|title=From Sukarno to Prabowo Subianto: The evolution of India-Indonesia ties|date=2025-01-26|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=2025-01-26}}</ref> Sawetara latihan militer lan latihan khusus Angkatan Udara-Angkatan Laut wis ditindakake dening cabang masing-masing negara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/external-affairs-defence-security/news/indian-navy-chief-meets-indonesia-s-army-commander-to-strengthen-naval-ties-124121800493_1.html|title=Indian Navy chief meets Indonesia's army commander to strengthen naval ties|last=Standard|first=Business|website=www.business-standard.com|language=en-US|access-date=2025-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indianarrative.com/world-news/india-indonesia-joint-military-exercise-garuda-shakti-kicks-off-in-west-java-75463.html|title=India-Indonesia joint military exercise 'Garuda Shakti' kicks off in west Java|last=Bureau|first=I. N.|date=2022-11-23|website=Indianarrative|language=en|access-date=2025-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216082838/https://www.indianarrative.com/world-news/india-indonesia-joint-military-exercise-garuda-shakti-kicks-off-in-west-java-75463.html|archive-date=2025-02-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> Secara budaya, konsulat lan pejabat kasebut kerja sama karo mitra Indonesia ing sawetara acara festival, kanthi nindakake acara-acara religius sing dienggo bareng ing antarane komunitas kasebut.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/indonesias-prambanan-temple-a-testimony-to-indias-deep-rooted-cultural-ties-with-south-east-asia/articleshow/105876711.cms?from=mdr|title=Indonesia's Prambanan temple: A testimony to India's deep-rooted cultural ties with South East Asia|date=2023-12-10|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2025-01-26|issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/news/feature-articles/from-indonesia-india|title=From Indonesia to India {{!}} NASA Earthdata|last=Beitler|first=Jane|date=2021-03-01|website=www.earthdata.nasa.gov|language=en|access-date=2025-01-26}}</ref> ==Kedadeyan== Senadyan hubungan sing anget lan grapyak, ana kedadeyan serius sing bakal nandhang susah loro negara kasebut. Sajrone kerusuhan Delhi ing 2020, sawetara garis keras Muslim lan unsur radikal nyoba ngrusak misi diplomatik kanggo protes marang kedadeyan kekerasan marang umat Islam ing India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/indonesian-hardliners-protest-against-delhi-riots-at-indian-embassy-and-consulate/articleshow/74542789.cms?from=mdr|title=Indonesian hardliners protest against Delhi riots at Indian Embassy and Consulate|last=Chaudhury|first=Dipanjan Roy|date=2020-03-09|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2025-01-26|issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://swarajyamag.com/insta/radical-islamists-wave-isis-flags-outside-indian-embassy-in-indonesia-during-protest-against-delhi-riots|title=Radical Islamists Wave ISIS Flags Outside Indian Embassy In Indonesia During Protest Against Delhi Riots|last=Staff|first=Swarajya|website=Swarajyamag|language=en|access-date=2025-01-26}}</ref> ==Referensi== {{reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== * [https://www.cgimedan.gov.in/ Main page - CGI Medan, North Sumatra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608074416/https://www.cgimedan.gov.in/ |date=2023-06-08 }} * {{twitter|indiainmedan}} * {{facebook|IndiainIndonesiaMedan}} 78dfyspzjs13svq1czekoiwupfpzd3x Gedhong Kavallerie Artillerie 0 198513 1759967 1739007 2026-11-05T18:50:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759967 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pura Mangkunagaran06(2 Maret 2007-Kavallerie-Artillerie).jpg|thumb|250px|Gedhong Kavallerie Artillerie Sadurunge Didandani]]'''Gedhong Kavallerie Artillerie''' yaiku gedhong kang manggon ing karangan [[Pura Mangkunegaran Surakarta]]. Gedhong Kavallerie-Artillerie diyasa taun [[1874]] nalika jamané [[KGPAA Mangkunagara I]] ([[Raden Mas Said]]) lan gunané minangka barak lan pamedan minangka papan latihan pasukan legiun [[Mangkunegaran]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foto.espos.id/akan-direvitalisasi-ini-potret-gedung-kavallerie-artillerie-mangkunegaran-solo-1533836|title=Gedhong Kavallerie Artillerie Mangkunegaran Solo Bakal Didandani (saka Basa Indonesia)|last=Hartanto|first=Putut|date=2023-01-25|website=Espos|access-date=2025-04-26}}</ref> Gedhong Kavallerie-Artillerie dumunung ing sisih wetan plataran ngarep Kraton Mangkunegaran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lifestyle.bisnis.com/read/20230202/224/1624100/mengenal-gedung-kavallerie-artillerie-benteng-yang-dapat-sponsor-dari-prabowo|title=Nepungi Gedhong Kavallerie Artillerie (saka Basa Indonesia)|last=Wahyuning Asih|first=Restu|date=2023-02-02|website=Lifestyle Bisnis|access-date=2025-04-26}}</ref> Gedhong Kavallerie Artillerie dadi seksi bisu Pura Mangkunegaran ing jaman kencana rukmine minangka kraton kang bisa ngemonah kakuwatane dhewe-dhewe kanthi mardika saka paprentahan kang luwih gedhe yaiku [[Kraton Kasunanan Surakarta]] jaman semana. Kamardikan ngemonah paprentahan saka Kraton Kasunanan Surakarta, ndadekake Pura Mangkunegaran duwe wadyabala dhewe kanggo njaga saka bebaya. Gegaman lan jaran perang dikandhangake ing gedhong Kavallerie Artillerie. Kajaba iku, papan iki uga dadi markas bregada. Senadyan jaman wis owah, bangunan Kavallerie Artillerie isih tetep teguh kaya jaman kuncarane. Gedhong iki yen miturut Paugeran babagan cagar budaya nomer 11 taun [[2010]] kelebu dadi bangunan cagar budaya kang kudu dilestarekake. Nanging, tumeka bangunan iki ora ilang kolonial minangka wujud ''peradaban'' ing jaman kasebut.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://solotrust.com/read/51762/Menengok-Kavallerie-Artillerie-Bangunan-Bersejarah-Era-Mangkunegara-IV-yang-Masih-Kokoh-hingga-Kini|title=Ngungak Kavallerie Artillerie Gedhong kang Ngemu Sujarah ing jaman Mangkunagara IV kang Isih Sentosa Tumeka Saiki (saka Basa Indonesia)|last=Kurniasari|first=Kholidah|date=2023-09-15|website=Solo Trust|access-date=2025-04-26}}{{Pranala mati|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbgorontalo/undang-undang-no-11-tahun-2010-tentang-cagar-budaya-pdf/|title=UU Nomer 11 Taun 2010 Babagan Cagar Budaya (saka Basa Indonesia)|website=Kemendikbud|access-date=2025-04-26}}</ref> == Wujud Wewangunan == Gedhong Kavallerie Artillerie yen sinawang kanthi cetha duweni tembok kang kandele 40 [[cm]] memper beteng kraton. ''Desain'' [[lawang]] digawe dhuwur banget, kira-kira 400 cm saka [[kayu jati]]. Cengkorongane kasebut diljangkapi tralis saka [[waja]] kang nambah kesan sing kuat. Mlebu ing jero, ditmokake akeh panggonan kanggo bregada gegaman lan kavaleri kang saiki dienggoni dening bebrayan minangka omah. Kajaba kuwi uga akeh [[gadhogan]] utawa kandhang [[jaran]] kang kagawe saka kayu jati kandel lan saperangan gadhogane yaiku kandhang jaran kang isih bisa dideleng. Sadurunge didandani, bangunan iki katon asli banget kanthi swasana kang kebak perbawa, kaya-kaya durung luntur dening jaman.<ref name=":0" /> == Fungsi == Saliyane kanggo markas Legiun Mangkunegaran, gedhong iki uga kanggo pamedan. Ngrembakane bregada dadi Legiun Mangkunegaran, KGPSS Mangkunagoro II diilhami dening bregada ''Grande Armee'' duweke [[Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoleon Bonaparte]]. Pola gladhen bregada Legiun Mangkunegaran padha karo kang dilakokake dening militer [[Éropa|Eropa]], utamane ing [[Prancis]]. Gegladhen iki duwe ancas supya bregada Legiun Mangkunegaran bisa ngadhepi perang kang lumaku suwe saarta perang gerilya. Bregada kang ana ing Legiun Mangkunegara ora mung wong [[lanang]]. Nanging uga ana [[wanita]] ing bregada iki. Anane wadya bala wanita, saliyane digladhi supaya bisa nggunakake gaman, uga nduweni kabisan nembang lan nabuh piranti musik. Saliyane uga kanggo ngiringi rawuhe para tamu agung kang ana ing Pura Mangkunegaran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solobalapan.jawapos.com/tempoe-doeloe/2303661052/gedung-kavallerie-artillerie-dulunya-markas-pasukan-legiun-mangkunegaran-dan-sekarang-menjadi-bangunan-cagar-budaya|title=Gedhong Kavallerie Artillerie Biyene Markas Bregada Legiun Mangkunegaran kang Saiki Dadi Wangunan Cagar Budaya (saka Basa Indonesia)|last=Aprilia|first=Ninda|date=2023-09-03|website=Solo Balapan Jawa Pos|access-date=2025-04-26}}</ref> === Kondhang Kaloka === Minangka gedhong cagar budaya, gedhong iki wis misuwur ing donya amarga tau dadi latar kanggo pagelaran Solo International Performing Art (SIPA) ing taun 2010. Dene ing taun [[2012]], gedhong iki digunakake maneh minangka latar pagelaran Musik Etnik Internasional Solo kanthi pencahayaan sing dianggep spektakuler banget.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cakrawala.co/pariwisata/pr-7757237975/gedung-kavaleri-solo-bangunan-bersejarah-di-pura-mangkunegaran-berusia-174-tahun?page=2|title=Gedhong Kavalerie Solo Wangunan Sejarah ing Pura Mangkunegaran Umure 174 Taun (saka Basa Indonesia)|last=Bramantya|first=Agung|date=2023-02-01|website=Cakrawala|access-date=2025-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251222232250/https://www.cakrawala.co/pariwisata/pr-7757237975/gedung-kavaleri-solo-bangunan-bersejarah-di-pura-mangkunegaran-berusia-174-tahun?page=2|archive-date=2025-12-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Wangun]] [[Kategori:Kraton]] [[Kategori:Surakarta]] 7qcilx5jpypgbxw7x176b9rq8tadz4v Masjid Pathok Nagara Sulthani Wotgalih 0 198595 1760267 1729593 2026-11-06T10:46:22Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760267 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Masjid Pathok Nagara Wotgalih.jpg|jmpl|280x280px|Masjid Pathok Nagara Sulthani Wotgalih.]] '''Masjid Pathok Nagara Sulthani Wotgalih''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦩꦱ꧀ꦗꦶꦢ꧀ꦥꦛꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦤꦒꦫ​ꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦛꦤꦶ​ꦮꦺꦴꦠ꧀ꦒꦭꦶꦃ; [[Basa Indonésia|basa Indhonésia]]: ''Masjid Pathok Nagara Sulthani Wotgalih'') ya iku situs [[cagar budaya]] arupa [[masjid]] kang papané ana ing Padhukuhan Wotgalih, [[Sendhangtirta, Berbah, Sléman|Kalurahan Sendhangtirta, Kapanéwon Berbah, Kabupatèn Sléman]], [[Daérah Istiméwa Yogyakarta|Propinsi Dhaérah Istiméwa Ngayogyakarta]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/masjid-sulthoni-wotgaleh|title=Masjid Pathok Nagara Sulthani Wotgalih|website=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|access-date=22 Januari 2025|archive-date=2024-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723063724/https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/masjid-sulthoni-wotgaleh|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist|1}} == Pranala jaba == {{commons category|Sulthani Wotgalih Pathok Nagara Mosque}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260608024158/https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/ Jaringsana Kundha Kabudayan Dhaérah Istiméwa Ngayogyakarta]. * [https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id Jaringsana Kundha Kabudayan Kabupatèn Sléman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125130341/https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/ |date=2024-11-25 }}. [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Sléman]] goriw75wgzmvm3zhoy72ahj71blwpob Lamine Yamal 0 198621 1760222 1751483 2026-11-06T08:12:32Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 5 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Family name hatnote|Nasraoui|Ebana|lang=Spanish}} '''Lamine Yamal Nasraoui Ebana''' (lair 13 Juli 2007) ya iku juru main [[bal-balan]] profesional [[Spanyol]] sing main dadi pemain sayap kanggo klub [[La Liga]] [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] lan [[Tim nasional bal-balan Spanyol|tim nasional Spanyol]]. Dikenal amarga bakat, nggawe kesempatan, lan kemampuan shooting sing tepat, dheweke dianggep minangka salah sawijining pemain paling apik ing donya lan salah sawijining pemain bal-balan remaja paling gedhe. {{Infobox football biography | name = Lamine Yamal | image = Lamine Yamal, Sánchez se reunió con los futbolistas de la selección española tras ganar la Eurocopa 2024 (3) (cropped).jpg | caption = Yamal ngrayakake gelar UEFA Euro 2024 karo Spanyol | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2007|7|13|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Esplugues de Llobregat]], Spanyol | height = 1,80 m<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/players/129404/lamine-yamal-nasraoui-ebana |title=Lamine Yamal |publisher=FC Barcelona |access-date=13 October 2024 |archive-date=25 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725165350/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/players/129404/lamine-yamal-nasraoui-ebana |url-status=live }}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]] | currentclub = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | clubnumber = 19 | youthyears1 = 2012–2014 | youthclubs1 = La Torreta | youthyears2 = 2014–2023 | youthclubs2 = [[FC Barcelona (youth)|Barcelona]] | years1 = 2023 | clubs1 = [[FC Barcelona Atlètic|Barcelona B]] | caps1 = 1 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2023– | clubs2 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | caps2 = 72 | goals2 = 14 | nationalyears1 = 2021 | nationalteam1 = [[Spain national under-15 football team|Spain U15]] | nationalcaps1 = 6 | nationalgoals1 = 3 | nationalyears2 = 2022 | nationalteam2 = [[Spain national under-16 football team|Spain U16]] | nationalcaps2 = 4 | nationalgoals2 = 1 | nationalyears3 = 2022–2023 | nationalteam3 = [[Spain national under-17 football team|Spain U17]] | nationalcaps3 = 10 | nationalgoals3 = 8 | nationalyears4 = 2022 | nationalteam4 = [[Spain national under-19 football team|Spain U19]] | nationalcaps4 = 1 | nationalgoals4 = 0 | nationalyears5 = 2023– | nationalteam5 = [[Spain national football team|Spain]] | nationalcaps5 = 19 | nationalgoals5 = 4 | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|ESP}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[UEFA European Championship]]}} {{Medal|W|[[UEFA Euro 2024|2024 Germany]]|}} | module = {{Infobox person | signature = File:Lamine Yamal (Signature).svg | signature_alt = Lamine Yamal signature}} }} Yamal minangka anggota akademi pemuda, La Masia, sadurunge mlebu ing skuad tim utama Barcelona ing musim 2023-24. Dheweke dadi pemain paling enom sing dinominasiake kanggo [[Ballon d'Or]] (ing umur 17 taun) lan uga menang Piala Kopa ing taun 2024, diwenehake kanggo pemain enom paling apik ing donya. Ing musim sabanjure, Yamal dadi integral kanggo Barcelona menangake treble domestik saka gelar La Liga, Copa del Rey, lan Supercopa de España; ing 17 taun, pagelaran kang wis mimpin kanggo claims nyebar dening pundits lan pemain sing iku pemain paling apik ing donya. Yamal wis makili Spanyol internasional ing macem-macem tingkat muda, lan miwiti debut kanggo tim senior ing 2023, dadi pemain paling enom kanggo makili lan ngetung kanggo negara ing umur 16. Dheweke kapilih kanggo UEFA Euro 2024, muter peran penting ing bantuan Spanyol menang judhul kaping papat, nalika uga menang ing turnamen Young Player Award. Dheweke nyekel pirang-pirang rekor ing karir internasional, kalebu pemain paling enom sing tampil ing final Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA (ing umur 17 taun), pemain paling enom ing Kejuaraan Eropa (ing umur 16 taun), lan pencetak gol paling enom ing Kejuaraan Eropa (ing umur 16 taun). ==Pakurmatan== '''Barcelona''' *[[La Liga]]: [[2022–23 La Liga|2022–23]],<ref>{{cite news |date=14 May 2023 |title=FC Barcelona, Liga champions 2022/23! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3344756/fc-barcelona-liga-champions-202223 |publisher=FC Barcelona |access-date=14 May 2023 |archive-date=2 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202111602/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2024–25 La Liga|2024–25]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-15 |title=Barcelona Win La Liga, Complete 2024-25 Domestic Treble |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/barcelona-win-la-liga-complete-2024-25-domestic-treble |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=SI |language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Copa del Rey]]: [[2024–25 Copa del Rey|2024–25]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-26 |title=FC Barcelona crowned Cup Kings in classic encounter |url=https://rfef.es/en/noticias/match-report-fc-barcelona-crowned-cup-kings-in-classic-encounter |access-date=2025-04-26 |website= |publisher=[[Real Federación Española de Fútbol]] |language=en |archive-date=26 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426235908/https://rfef.es/en/noticias/match-report-fc-barcelona-crowned-cup-kings-in-classic-encounter |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Supercopa de España]]: [[2025 Supercopa de España|2025]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-13 |title=FC Barcelona win the Super Cup in a final for the history books (2-5) |url=https://rfef.es/en/noticias/match-report-fc-barcelona-win-the-super-cup-in-a-final-for-the-history-books-2-5 |access-date=2025-01-13 |website= |publisher=[[Real Federación Española de Fútbol]] |language=en |archive-date=13 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250113012625/https://rfef.es/en/noticias/match-report-fc-barcelona-win-the-super-cup-in-a-final-for-the-history-books-2-5 |url-status=live }}</ref> '''Spain''' *[[UEFA European Championship]]: [[UEFA Euro 2024|2024]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Spain 2-1 England |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/2036211--spain-vs-england/ |date=14 July 2024 |access-date=14 July 2024 |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |archive-date=14 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714205859/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/2036211--spain-vs-england/ |url-status=live }}</ref> '''Individual''' *[[UEFA European Championship awards#Young Player of the Tournament|UEFA European Championship Young Player of the Tournament]]: [[UEFA Euro 2024#Awards|2024]]<ref>{{cite news |date=14 July 2024 |title=Lamine Yamal named Euro 2024 Young Player of the Tournament |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028f-1b5e5e91b6e6-b9784b9e13fb-1000--lamine-yamal-named-euro-2024-young-player-of-the-tournament/ |access-date=14 July 2024 |archive-date=15 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715145905/https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028f-1b5e5e91b6e6-b9784b9e13fb-1000--lamine-yamal-named-euro-2024-young-player-of-the-tournament/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[UEFA European Championship awards#Goal of the Tournament|UEFA European Championship Goal of the Tournament]]: [[UEFA Euro 2024#Awards|2024]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028f-1b61b696019f-f9f4c91eea25-1000--lamine-yamal-wins-uefa-euro-2024-goal-of-the-tournament/ |title=Lamine Yamal wins UEFA Euro 2024 Goal of the Tournament |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=16 July 2024 |access-date=16 July 2024}}</ref> *La Liga U23 Player of the Season: [[2023–24 La Liga#Annual awards|2023–24]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Official: FC Barcelona winners at the LALIGA Awards|publisher=FC Barcelona|date=28 May 2024|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/club/news/4029590/fc-barcelona-winners-at-the-laliga-awards|access-date=28 May 2024|archive-date=25 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725002747/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/club/news/4029590/fc-barcelona-winners-at-the-laliga-awards|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[La Liga Player of the Month]]: [[2024–25 La Liga#Monthly awards|September 2024]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/news/lamine-yamal-wins-player-of-the-month-for-september|publisher=La Liga|date=4 October 2024|title=Lamine Yamal wins Player of the Month for September|access-date=4 October 2024}}</ref> *[[La Liga Player of the Month#La Liga U23 Player of the Month|La Liga U23 Player of the Month]]: [[2023–24 La Liga#Monthly awards|August 2023]], [[2024–25 La Liga#Monthly awards|August 2024]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/news/lamine-yamal-is-laliga-ea-sports-u23-player-of-the-month-for-august|publisher=La Liga|date=10 September 2024|title=Lamine Yamal is LaLiga EA Sports U23 Player of the Month for August|access-date=10 September 2024|archive-date=26 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926114958/https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/news/lamine-yamal-is-laliga-ea-sports-u23-player-of-the-month-for-august|url-status=live}}</ref> February 2025<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/news/lamine-yamal-laliga-ea-sports-best-u-23-player-for-february|publisher=La Liga|date=25 February 2025|title=Lamine Yamal, LALIGA EA SPORTS Best U-23 Player for February|access-date=25 February 2025|archive-date=6 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306104613/https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/news/lamine-yamal-laliga-ea-sports-best-u-23-player-for-february|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[La Liga Goal of the Month]]: [[2023–24 La Liga#Monthly awards|March 2024]]<ref>{{cite news |date=26 March 2024 |title=Lamine Yamal wins LaLiga EA Sports Goal of the Month for March |url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/news/lamine-yamal-wins-laliga-ea-sports-goal-of-the-month-for-march |access-date=26 March 2024 |publisher=La Liga |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328103219/https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/news/lamine-yamal-wins-laliga-ea-sports-goal-of-the-month-for-march |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[IFFHS World's Best Player#The Men's Player of the Month|IFFHS Men's Player of the Month]]: April 2025<ref>{{cite news|url=https://iffhs.com/posts/4344|publisher=IFFHS|date=1 May 2025|title=IFFHS MEN'S PLAYER OF THE MONTH APRIL 2025|access-date=1 May 2025|archive-date=23 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250523213253/https://iffhs.com/posts/4344|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Golden Boy (award)|Golden Boy]]: 2024<ref>{{cite news |date=27 November 2024 |title=Barcelona and Spain's Lamine Yamal wins 2024 Golden Boy award |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c20gwy2wgq4o |access-date=27 November 2024 |website=BBC Sport |archive-date=27 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127172159/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c20gwy2wgq4o |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Kopa Trophy]]: [[2024 Ballon d'Or#Kopa Trophy|2024]]<ref>{{cite news |date=28 October 2024 |title=Ballon d'Or 2024 : Lamine Yamal remporte le trophée Kopa |language=fr |trans-title=Ballon d’Or 2024: Lamine Yamal wins the Kopa trophy |work=L'Équipe |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Ballon-d-or-2024-lamine-yamal-remporte-le-trophee-kopa/1516897 |access-date=28 October 2024 }}</ref> *[[IFFHS#The World's Best Youth (U20) Player|IFFHS Men's World's Best Youth Player]]: 2024<ref>{{cite web |date=14 December 2024 |title=IFFHS AWARDS 2024 - LAMINE YAMAL, MEN'S WORLD BEST YOUTH PLAYER |url=https://iffhs.com/posts/4059 |access-date=15 December 2024 |publisher=IFFHS |archive-date=15 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215102324/https://iffhs.com/posts/4059 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Tuttosport#The Youngest Award|''Tuttosport's'' The Youngest Award]]: 2023<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/club/news/3788705/aitana-bonmati-and-lamine-yamal-win-golden-boy-2023-awards |title=Aitana Bonmatí and Lamine Yamal win Golden Boy 2023 awards |publisher=FC Barcelona |date=17 November 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118194220/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/club/news/3788705/aitana-bonmati-and-lamine-yamal-win-golden-boy-2023-awards |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Globe Soccer Awards#2024 – Europe Edition|Globe Soccer Awards – Emerging Player]]: 2024 (Europe Edition),<ref>{{cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=Lamine Yamal (Emerging Player) |url=https://www.globesoccer.com/winners/lamine-yamal-emerging-player-2024/ |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=[[Globe Soccer Awards]] |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529073640/https://www.globesoccer.com/winners/lamine-yamal-emerging-player-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 2024 (Dubai Edition)<ref>{{cite web |date=27 December 2024 |title=Lamine Yamal (Emerging Player) |url=https://www.globesoccer.com/winners/lamine-yamal-emerging-player-2024-2/ |access-date=13 January 2025 |website=[[Globe Soccer Awards]] |archive-date=28 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228055937/https://www.globesoccer.com/winners/lamine-yamal-emerging-player-2024-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Laureus World Sports Award for Breakthrough of the Year]]: 2025<ref>{{cite web|date=21 April 2025|url=https://www.laureus.com/news/biles-duplantis-and-nadal-take-centre-stage-at-25th-anniversary-laureus-world-sports-awards|website=laureus.com|title=Biles, Duplantis and Nadal take centre stage at 25th anniversary Laureus World Sports Awards|access-date=22 April 2025|archive-date=1 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501034022/https://www.laureus.com/news/biles-duplantis-and-nadal-take-centre-stage-at-25th-anniversary-laureus-world-sports-awards|url-status=live}}</ref> *UEFA European Under-17 Championship top scorer: [[2023 UEFA European Under-17 Championship#Goalscorers|2023]] (4 goals)<ref>{{cite news|title=2023 Under-17 EURO: Top scorers|url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0281-180c7c9f5b3a-1c2b2785d1e8-1000--2023-under-17-euro-top-scorers/|website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations|date=2 June 2023|access-date=28 November 2023|archive-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215211504/https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0281-180c7c9f5b3a-1c2b2785d1e8-1000--2023-under-17-euro-top-scorers/|url-status=live}}</ref> * UEFA European Championship top assist provider: [[UEFA Euro 2024#Awards|2024]] (4 assists)<ref>{{cite web |title=Player stats: Attacking |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/statistics/players/attacking/ |access-date=16 July 2024 |archive-date=25 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725002802/https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/statistics/players/attacking/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[UEFA European Championship awards#Team of the Tournament|UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament]]: [[UEFA Euro 2024#Awards|2024]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028f-1b61a0e91074-427664e9bbfe-1000--uefa-euro-2024-team-of-the-tournament/ |title=UEFA Euro 2024 Team of the Tournament |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=16 July 2024 |access-date=16 July 2024 |archive-date=20 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720155433/https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028f-1b61a0e91074-427664e9bbfe-1000--uefa-euro-2024-team-of-the-tournament/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * The Best FIFA Men's 11: [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2024#FIFA Men's World 11|2024]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2024/articles/mens-11-vote |title=Five Real Madrid stars named in The Best FIFA Men's 11 |publisher=FIFA |date=17 December 2024 |access-date=23 December 2024 |archive-date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208070030/https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2024/articles/mens-11-vote |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[IFFHS World Team#Men's winners|IFFHS Men's World Team]]: 2024<ref>{{cite web|title=IFFHS WORLD TEAMS 2024|url=https://iffhs.com/posts/4086|date=26 December 2024|website=IFFHS|access-date=26 December 2024|archive-date=26 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226180022/https://iffhs.com/posts/4086|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[IFFHS]] Men's UEFA Team: 2024<ref>{{cite web|title=IFFHS CONTINENTAL TEAMS 2024 - UEFA MEN|url=https://iffhs.com/posts/4119|date=15 January 2025|website=IFFHS|access-date=24 May 2025|archive-date=22 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522145814/https://iffhs.com/posts/4119|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[IFFHS]] Men's Youth (U20) World Team: 2024<ref>{{cite web|title=IFFHS MEN'S YOUTH (U20) WORLD TEAM 2024|url=https://iffhs.com/posts/4090|date=28 December 2024|access-date=15 January 2025|archive-date=12 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412094734/https://iffhs.com/posts/4090|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[IFFHS]] Men's Youth (U20) UEFA Team: 2023,<ref>{{cite web|title=IFFHS Men's Youth (U20) UEFA Team 2023|url=https://iffhs.com/posts/3387|date=5 February 2024|website=IFFHS|access-date=19 February 2024|archive-date=25 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725002754/https://iffhs.com/posts/3387|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2024<ref>{{cite web|title=IFFHS MEN'S YOUTH (U20) CONTINENTAL TEAMS 2024 - UEFA|url=https://iffhs.com/posts/4161|date=1 February 2025|website=IFFHS|access-date=1 February 2025|archive-date=12 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412094734/https://iffhs.com/posts/4161|url-status=dead}}</ref> *UEFA European Under-17 Championship Team of the Tournament: [[2023 UEFA European Under-17 Championship#Team of the Tournament|2023]]<ref>{{cite news|title=2023 UEFA European Under-17 Championship Team of the Rezwan Tournament|url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0282-1838df4ead94-bd5ca598e6c8-1000--2023-uefa-european-under-17-championship-team-of-the-tourn/|website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations|date=10 June 2023|access-date=28 November 2023|archive-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209191823/https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0282-1838df4ead94-bd5ca598e6c8-1000--2023-uefa-european-under-17-championship-team-of-the-tourn/|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[La Liga Awards#Team of the season|La Liga Team of the Season]]: [[2024–25 La Liga|2024–25]]<ref>{{cite news|title=EA Sports FC 25 La Liga Team of the season 2024-25|url=https://www.ea.com/games/ea-sports-fc/fc-25/tots/laliga |date=24 May 2025|access-date=24 May 2025|publisher=LaLiga}}</ref> ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} bo5pknbh95qdd4puh6rxluv8vqzmw5m Dalem ismuhardjono 0 198657 1759899 1730855 2026-11-05T13:58:08Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sekolah | nama = Dalem Ismuhardjono | nama_laim = Rumah Muhdi Hardjosoemarto | nama_aksara jawa = ꦢꦭꦺꦩ꧀ꦆꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦲꦂꦢ꧀ꦗꦤꦺꦴ | gambar = [[File:Side View of Dalem Ismuhardjono.jpg|thumb]] | didirikan = pungkasan abad kaping sangalas | jenis = gedhong warisan sejarah | nomor inventaris = KB004121 | alamat = Puncanganom 02/36, Kalurahan Sumberagung, Kapanewon Moyudan, Kabupaten Sleman | kutha = [[Sleman]] 55563 | provinsi = [[DI Yogyakarta]] | nagara = [[Indonesia]] | Koordinat = 7.762698° S, 110.243902° E }} '''Dalem Ismuhardjono''' mapan wontên ing désa Sumberagung, Kacamatan Moyudan, [[Kabupatèn Sleman]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/696/rumah-ismuhardjono|title=JOGJACAGAR {{!}} Sistem Informasi Cagar Budaya|website=jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id|access-date=2025-05-31}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>Dalem punika kabangun nalika jaman ''kolonial'' lan gadhah ''fungsi'' minangka dalem panggenan. Nalika [[Agrèsi Militèr Walanda II|''Agresi Militer'' Walanda II]], dalem punika nate dipunginakaken minangka markasipun ''Tentara Keamanan Rakyat''. Nalika jaman ''kolonial'', dalem punika nate dados kantor kalurahan Pucanganom. == Arsitektur umum dalêm == Dalêm punika nganggé arsitéktur tradhisional Jawa, arupâ [[Omah Joglo|joglo]]. Wontên kalih atap joglo ingkang kapisah déning atap [[Omah Limasan|limasan]], satunggal atap joglo mapan ing pérangan ngajêng, lan satunggal malih ing pérangan wingking. Ing pérangan ngajêng dalêm, wontên sekawan saka guru ingkang nyangga struktur tumpangsari saha atap joglo. Makatên ugi ing pérangan wingking. Sakabèhé dalêm punika taksih nganggé lantai plèstèr semèn. Atapipun taksih nganggé genténg tanah liat. Témbokipun nganggé anyaman pring, [[Dalem Ismuhardjono|Dalêm Ismuhardjono]] punika bangunan kanthi arsitéktur tradhisional Jawa lan ngadhep ing kidul. Bangunan punika kapérang dados:kajawi pérangan ngajêng ingkang sampun nganggé témbok bata. Langit-langitipun sinelap déning pring ingkang dipuntata rapi. Dalêm punika taksih ngreksa kaaslian wangun saha bahan-bahanipun.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2022/01/17/130000279/sejarah-dan-filosofi-rumah-joglo|title=Sejarah dan Filosofi Rumah Joglo|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2022-01-17|work=KOMPAS.com|access-date=2025-06-10|language=id}}</ref> == Tata bangunan dalêm == Dalêm Ismuhardjono, sawijining bangunan ageng kanthi arsitéktur tradhisional Jawa ingkang megah lan ngadhep dhateng kidul, mujudaken kompleks griya ingkang kapérang saking sawetawis pérangan kanthi fungsi lan ciri khasipun piyambak-piyambak. Kapisan, ing pérangan paling ngajeng, wonten Kuncungan. Kuncungan punika sanès mung serambi biasa, nanging minangka pendhapa tambahan kanthi atap model kampung ingkang langkung cendhèk tinimbang pendhapa utama. Pérangan punika dados papan sambutan sepisanan kanggé tamu, utawi minangka ruang antaran ingkang nyamektakaken tamu sadèrèngipun mlebet dhateng ruang ingkang langkung formal utawi pribadi. Ananing kuncungan punika nggambaraken filosofi arsitèktur Jawa ingkang ngajèni tatanan ruang, tata krama, lan fungsi sosial griya, sanajan kanthi atap pelana ingkang prasaja lan entheng, cocog kanggé papan tambahan ingkang andhap. Salajengipun, ing satunggalipun tingkatan ingkang langkung inggil lan langkung agung, Dumununglah Pendhapa. Pendhapa punika minangka pérangan ngajeng griya tradisional Jawa ingkang dipunrancang tanpa témbok, dados papan ingkang kabuka lan jembar. Fungsinipun wigati sanget minangka papan kanggé nampani tamu ingkang langkung formal, minangka panggènan musyawarah, utawi malah kanggé pagelaran seni kados tari utawi [[gamelan]]. Atapipun ngginakaken model Joglo Sinom, ingkang gadhah struktur bertingkat kanthi saka guru minangka penyangga utama, saéngga damel pendhapa punika katingal megah lan agung, nandhesaken fungsinipun minangka papan publik ing lingkungan griya, sanajan tetep ngandung pranatan lan tatakrama mlebet ingkang katamtu. Saking pendhapa, kita lumebet dhateng pérangan salajengipun inggih punika Pringgitan. Pringgitan punika minangka pérangan griya tradisional Jawa ingkang mapan ing antawisipun pendhapa kaliyan omah njero. Bènten kaliyan pendhapa, pringgitan punika sampun katutup lan asring dipunginakaké kanggé maneka warni kaperluan. Salah satunggalipun ingkang kondhang inggih punika minangka papan kanggé pentas wayang kulit nalika wonten adicara ageng, utawi minangka papan ngentosi sadèrèngipun tamu utawi kulawarga lumebet dhateng pérangan pribadi griya. Pringgitan ngginakaken atap model limasan, ingkang paring kesan langkung tertutup lan pribadi tinimbang pendhapa. Pérangan ingkang paling inti lan sacral saking Dalêm Ismuhardjono inggih punika nDalêm. Ndalem punika minangka pérangan omah njero ingkang gadhah sifat pribadi lan paling suci. Ing papan punika, para warga griya nindakaken gesang saben dintenipun kanthi langkung sarta lan nyimpen barang-barang ingkang wigati lan aji. Ndalem punika sanès panggènan kanggé tamu, saéngga boten saben tiyang saged lumebet kanthi sembarangan, njagi privasi lan kasakralanipun. Atapipun ugi ngginakaken model Joglo Sinom, sami kaliyan pendhapa, nanging ing versi ingkang langkung intim lan mènèhi kesan kawibawan ingkang jero. Salajengipun, ing pérangan pinggir utawi wingkingipun dalem utama, kita manggihi [[Gandhok]]. Gandhok punika minangka bangunan tambahan ingkang khas sanget ing griya tradisional Jawa, ingkang biasanipun wonten ing sisih kiwa lan tengen (Gandhok Kiwa lan Gandhok Tengen). Gandhok punika gadhah ''fleksibilitas fungsi'' ingkang inggil, saged dipunginakaké kanggé kamar tilem tambahan, pawon kapindho, gudhang, utawi malah papan panggenan kanggé sanak kadang utawi abdi dalem. Wujud lan gaya arsitèktur gandhok lumrahipun langkung prasaja tinimbang dalem utama, lan asring dipunpisah sakedhik saking bangunan utama, ngginakaken atap model kampung ingkang ringan lan fungsional. Pungkasan, ing pérangan wingking griya, wonten [[Pawon]]. Pawon punika sanès namung papan kanggé masak dhaharan, nanging ugi asring dados pusat kumpul kulawarga kanthi suasana santai lan anget, utamanipun nalika boten wonten tamu. Biasanipun pawon punika mapan ing wingking griya, kanthi lantai tanah utawi semen, lan taksih migunakaké tungku tradisional kados anglo utawi pawon [[geni]]. Sanajan wujudipun prasaja, pawon punika ngandhut suwasana karesikan lan bebarengan kulawarga ingkang kiyat, ngginakaken atap model kampung ingkang praktis lan cocog kanggé papan fungsional punika. Sedaya pérangan punika nyawiji mbentuk Dalêm Ismuhardjono minangka representasi arsitèktur Jawa ingkang sarat makna lan fungsi. == Pendhapa == Pendhapa kagungan denah segi patang kanthi atap brunjung, penanggap, saha penitih ingkang sambung-sinambung, kaatupi genténg vlam kanthi sistem raguman saking rakitan pring ingkang dipunikêt ijuk. Pendhapa punika dipunsangga déning 4 saka guru<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://budaya.jogjaprov.go.id/artikel/detail/Mengenal-Bangunan-Berarsitektur-Tradisional-Jawa-Bangunan-Joglo|title=Mengenal Bangunan Berarsitektur Tradisional Jawa. Bangunan Joglo|website=budaya.jogjaprov.go.id|language=id|access-date=2025-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250620060650/https://budaya.jogjaprov.go.id/artikel/detail/Mengenal-Bangunan-Berarsitektur-Tradisional-Jawa-Bangunan-Joglo|archive-date=2025-06-20|url-status=dead}}</ref>, 12 saka penanggap, lan 14 saka emper, sarta gadhah struktur pamidhangan ingkang kapérang saking sunduk, kili, blandar-pengeret, blandar lar-laran, saha singup, kanthi dhada pêksi lan gêganja ing antawisipun kalih singup, sarta emprit gantil wangun kêbên ing sekawan pojok pamidhangan. Lantai pendhapa saking plèstèran bligon lan dipunbagi dados jèrambah lan jogan. == Pringgitan == Wiwit wingking pendhapa, wontên pringgitan. Denahipun ségi patang, atapipun disangga déning saka lan témbok bata ing sisih tengen lan kiwa. Lantai taksih nganggé plèstèran bligon. == nDalêm == nDalêm menika gadhah denah pesagi kanthi payon joglo sinom ingkang kapérang saking brunjung, penanggap, lan penitih, dipunsangga sekawan saka guru, sarta kapérang dados senthong tengen, senthong tengah (pasrèn), lan senthong kiwa. Ing sisih kiwa lan tengenipun wonten payon emper ingkang nyambung kaliyan gandhok kanthi struktur pamidhangan sami kados pendhapa; tembok sisih kidul lan wetan ngagem gébyok, déné sisih kulon lan lor ngagem tembok biyasa, sarta jèrambahipun saking plester bligon kanthi jèrambah senthong langkung inggil tinimbang jèrambah utama nDalêm.nDalêm kagungan denah pasagi, atapipun joglo sinom, kapérang saking brunjung, penanggap, saha penitih. Disangga déning 4 saka guru. Kapérang dados: == Gandhôk == Gandhôk kiwa lan gandhôk tengen kagungan denah ségi patang, atap kampung srothong. Gandhôk nganggé atap raguman disangga déning 4 tiyang kayu, témbokipun bata. Wonten sekawan lawang: lor lan kidul minangka [[lawang]] metu, kulon dhatêng nDalêm, wetan dhatêng pawon. Lantai saking plèstèr bligon. == Referensi == [[Kategori: Omah Jawa]] [[Kategori: Arsitektur Jawa]] [[Kategori: Pendhapa]] gw1y28n0563ylhans2sof5u941q781t Dhusun Mlangi 0 198673 1759906 1752607 2026-11-05T15:05:16Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759906 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Dusun Mlangi.jpg|jmpl|304x304px|Dhusun Mlangi.]] '''Dhusun Mlangi''' ([[Aksara Carakan|carakan]]:ꦝꦸꦱꦸꦤ꧀​ꦩ꧀ꦭꦔꦶ) mapan wontên ing Padhukuhan Mlangi, Desa Nogotirto, kapanewon [[Gamping, Sléman|Gamping]], [[Kabupatèn Sléman|Kabupaten Sleman]].Ing lokasi mếnika gadhah kathah papan paninggalan [[Arkéologi|arkeologi]] kang wujudề minangka bangunan cagar budaya yaiku Cungkup Makam Keluarga Kyai Nur Iman; dan Struktur Cagar Budaya kang dumadi saka Makam Kiai Nur Iman, sêrta Gapura lan Pagar Kompleks Masjid Pathok Negoro Mlangi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/995/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|title=JOGJACAGAR {{!}} Sistem Informasi Cagar Budaya|website=jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id|access-date=2025-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003124414/https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/995/displayrecords-i-nama-warisan|archive-date=2025-10-03|url-status=dead}}</ref>.Mlangi misuwur dhusun santri lan Desa Wisata Religi. Sajroning sajarahé, Mlangi dadi panggonan wigati tumrap panyebaran agami Islam lan pendidikan pesantrèn ing Tanah Jawa. == Sejarah lan Asal-Usul == Jeneng Mlangi dipercaya asale saka tembung "''melang-melangi''", kang artine "''papan kang damai lan nyenengake''", Ananging ana kang percaya asale saka tembung "''Mulangi''" kang artine "''ngajari''".Iki mengacu karo peran dhusun Mlangi kang dadi pusat pendidikan islam.Versi liya ana kang menyatakan asale seka singkatan " ''meling - meling tur wangi''" kang angadhani arti "''berkilauan dan berbau harum''" arti kasebut ngambaraken keindahan lan kesucian wilayah kasebut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wisata.harianjogja.com/read/2025/03/23/504/1207508/dusun-mlangi-dan-jejak-islam-di-jogja|title=Dusun Mlangi dan Jejak Islam di Jogja|last=Media|first=Harian Jogja Digital|website=Harianjogja.com|language=en|access-date=2025-05-31}}</ref> Asul usul Dhusun Mlangi raket karo panyebaran islam ing tlatah Yogyakarta lan Patok negoro '''Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadinigrat.''' Ing pungkasan abad 18 tepat e tahun 1760, nalika [[Karaton Ngayogyakarta Adiningrat|Kraton Ngayogyakarta]] kawiwitan dipundhekake dening Sultan Hamengkubuwana 1,[[Hamengkubuwana I|Sultan Hamengkubuwana 1]] nawaraken marang Kiai Nur Iman supaya tinggal wonten ing kraton, Ananging tawaran kasebut ditotak dening Kiai Nur Iman kang milih tinggal wonten ing luar kraton ing Mlangi.amarga kepengin ngajar lan nyebaraken agama islam.Kiai Nur Iman angadhahi asma asli '''Raden Mas Sadiya''' utawa dikenal uga '''Pangeran Loringpasar''', putra saka '''Sunan Amangkurat IV''' lan '''Raden Ayu Kulon''',Mula tasih kakang-adhi kalihan Sultan Hamengkubuwana 1, kanggo panghormatan marang sang kakang Mlangi dijadikake tanah perdikan(tanah bebas pajeg) dening '''Sultan Hamengkubuwana 1'''. Kyai Nur Iman bannjur mbangun Masjid Mlangi kang dadi pusat syiar islam lan ditemtokaken dadi Masjid Pathok Negoro wiwit taun [[1758]] Masehi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/05/09/09514911/dusun-mlangi-kampung-pesantren-tempat-mondok-pelajar-non-muslim?page=all|title=}}</ref> Saliyane dadi pusat kawruh , Mlangi uga angadhani peran penting ing sajarah nasional. Ing jaman [[Perang Dipanegara|Perang Diponegpro]](1825-1830), keturunan [[Nur Iman Mlangi|Kyai Nur Iman]] lan warga Mlangi nyengkuyung perjuangan,Wilayah Mlangi asring dadii papan parembugan lan strategi perang prajurit-prajurit pribumi nalika jaman iku. == Letak lan Adminitrasi == Dhusun iki mapan kurang luwih 8km seko arah kulon pusat kutha Yogyakarta.Mlangi kalebu salah siji padukuhan ing Desa Nogotirto.Dhusun Mlangi kabagi dadi 2 padukuhan , yaiku Padukuhan Mlangi dan Padukuhan Sawahan . Mlangi kagolong salah siji padukuhan kang aktif tumrap kagiyatan sosial- keagamaan lan pendidikan Islam. Wates-wates wilayah Mlangi yaiku: * Sisih Lor: Dhusun Mblendangan * Sisih Wetan: Dhusun Ponowaren * Sisih Kidul: Dhusun Cambahan * Sisih Kulon: Dhusun Jetis Luas Dhusun Mlangi kurang luweh yaiku 27,35 hektar, kang dibagi dadi : * 10 Rukun Tetangga (RT) * 3 Rukun Warga (RW) Jumlah pendhudhuk Dhusun Mlangi nganti awal jannuari 2008 yaiku 1.532 Jiwa, kabagi dadi 358 Kepala Kaluwarga (KK). Jumlah jender laki-laki yaiku 823 jiwa lan Wadon 709 jiwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://text-id.123dok.com/document/6qmeeg15z-deskripsi-dusun-mlangi-kelurahan-nogotirto-kecamatan-gamping-kabupaten-sleman-bab-i-v-4-pdf.html|title=Deskripsi Dusun Mlangi Kelurahan Nogotirto Kecamatan Gamping Kabupaten Sleman|website=text-id.123dok.com|access-date=2025-06-01|archive-date=2025-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003170830/https://text-id.123dok.com/document/6qmeeg15z-deskripsi-dusun-mlangi-kelurahan-nogotirto-kecamatan-gamping-kabupaten-sleman-bab-i-v-4-pdf.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kahanan Sosial- Ekonomi lan Budaya Masyarakat == ==== Kahanan sosial-ekonomi ==== papan kang palemahane ora amba ndadekake masyarakat Mlangi ora akeh sing nyambut gawe dadi petani. Mayoritas masyarakat ing Mlangi makarya minangka pedagang utawa wiraswasta. sawetara warga liyane ana sing nyambut gawe dados Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) lan Buruh. '''Kahanan Budaya Masyarakat''' kabudayan kang ngrembaka ing masyarakat dipengaruhi dening sawetara faktor,kalebu faktor internal lan eksternal.Faktor internal bisa awujud tradhisi sing wis ana saka para leluhur uga seko faktor geografis sing nglingkupi wilayah kuwi. '''Kahanan sosial agama''' Adhedhasar data saking panaliten, salaras karo sebutane minangka kampung santri , warga masyarakat Mlangi kabeh nganut agama islam.Miturut sumber, ana luwih saka 14 pondok pesantren ing Mlangi kanthi sekitar 2.000 santri saka macem-macem daerah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/pandangan-jogja/yang-jogja-pertaruhkan-dari-kampung-santri-dusun-mlangi-jika-diterabas-jalan-tol-1vPy5khJvwX|title=Yang Jogja Pertaruhkan dari Kampung Santri Dusun Mlangi jika Diterabas Jalan Tol|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|access-date=2025-06-01}}</ref>Mlangi ugi dados papan wisata religi ingkang asring dipun kunjungi para peziarah. Saben akhir pekan, kathah rombongan sowan dhateng makam Kyai Nur Iman lan nglaksanani tahlilan bebarengan.Salah satunggaling pondok ingkang misuwur inggih punika Pondok Pesantren Al-Munawwir. Pondok punika dados salah satunggaling pusat ngaji Al-Qur’an lan ilmu agama ing Yogyakarta. Miturut data, santri ing pondok punika asalipun saking sakindenging Nusantara. == '''Situs Lokal''' == sawetara panggonan wigati ing Dhusun Mlangi antarane:[[Barkas:Denah Masjid Mlangi.jpg|jmpl|'''Denah Masjid Mlangi'''|276x276px]] === Masjid Pathok Negara Mlangi === Salah siji saka 5 Masjid Pathok Negara Ing Yogyakaarta, Masjid iki dibangun dening Kyai Nur Iman lan dadi pusat kegyatan agama islam <ref>{{Citation|last=TV|first=Metro|title=Dusun Mlangi Sleman, Jejak Syiar Islam di Tanah Jawa|url=https://www.metrotvnews.com/read/KXyCQwRe-dusun-mlangi-sleman-jejak-syiar-islam-di-tanah-jawa|language=id|access-date=2025-06-01}}</ref>.Arsitekture nggabungkake gaya tradisional Jawa lan Pangaribawa Islam , iki ditandhai saka atap joglo saka kayu jati lan pawon masjid sing wujud omah limasan. === Cungkup Makam Kulawarga Kyai Nur Iman === Kompleks makam Kyai Nur Iman mapan ana ing sisih kulon Masjid. Tokoh utama kang ada ing kompleks menika yaiku, Kyai Nur Iman utawa R.M. Sandiya , ingkang dados penitis masjid lan Pesantren Mlangi. Ing saubenge makam mau ugi dipunsemayamaken para kulawarga , keturunan, saha tiyang-tiyang ingkang kagayut kaliyan Kyai Nur Iman lan Masjid Pathok Negoro Mlangi. Ing kompleks permakaman , sisih kulon masjid punika wonten tiga bangunan cungkup, inggih punika Cungkup Lor, Cungkup Tengah lan Cungkup Kidul. * Cungkup Lor Ing cungkup punika wonten pirang-pirang makam, paling istimewa makam Kyai Nur Iman ingkang dipunpasang wonten ing ruang khusus kagem piyambakipun. Ruang kasebut kadamel saking kayu ukiran floral ing sisih wetan, kulon , lan kidul, dene sisih lor ngagem bata plester. * Cungkup Tengah Ing cungkup menika wonten makam kulawarga Kyai Nur Iman, Cungkup menika nyambung kalihan cungkup lor tanpa sekat. * Cungkup Kidul Cungkup menika dados bangunan ingkang asli tanpa owah. wonteng ing cungkup menika kagungan teras ing sisih kidul lan atap limasan, bangunan menika tertutup.<ref name=":0" /> === Gapura lan Pager Kompleks Masjid Pathok Negoro Mlangi === Struktur gapura kompleks Masjid Pathok Negoro Mlangi awujud gapura paduraksa. Ana telu gapura paduraksa mapan ing pager sisih wetan, lor lan kidul masjid. Pager kasebut ngubengi kompleks masjid , kangge mbatesi antarane masjid, makam lan lingkungan sak njabane.Pager punika ngagem bata plaster, nanging beda werna cat. Cat ijo dipunginakaken saking gapura wetan ngidul tumuju sisih wetan masjid,sawetara menika cat putih kangge perangan liyane. Pager punika ugi kagungan lawang lima kang awujud lawang kayu. gang punika dipunginaaken kangge akses antar bagian saking kompleks masjid. Kajaba punika wonten struktur tembok penyekat mapan ing halaman ngajeng masjid,tembok menika mbujur arah lor-kidul kadamel saking bata plaster ngagem cat putih, Ing pinggir tengen lan kiwa tembok wonten pilaster(saka) kang dhuwure 2,08m. == rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Sléman]] [[Kategori:Wisata religi]] [[Kategori:Masjid bersejarah]] [[Kategori:Islam ing Indhonésia]] mv0q8zcw0y3d4hshc8nr1hnxfd6gl2k Joglo Suyadi 0 198675 1760077 1734094 2026-11-06T00:38:48Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760077 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joglo Suyadi''' ([[carakan]]: ꦗꦺꦴꦒ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦱꦸꦪꦢꦶ) jumbuh karo jénéngé wangunan iki duwéne suyadi. Ing ngiringan dalem ana gondhok lan pawon. Wangunan tradhisional iki papan ing Padukuhan Brayut, Kalurahan Pandowoharjo, Kapanéwon Sleman, Kabupatèn Slèman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Wangunan joglo iki uga wis ditetapké dadi cagar budaya dêning Bupati Kabupatèn Slèman ing tanggal 6 februari 2017 lan wangunan joglo iki èntuk penghargaan saka DIY taun [[2017]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/4046/rumah-joglo-milik-suyadi|title=JOGJACAGAR {{!}} Sistem Informasi Cagar Budaya|website=jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id|access-date=2025-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003114158/https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/4046/rumah-joglo-milik-suyadi|archive-date=2025-10-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Definisi Wangunan Joglo == Wangunan joglo kuwi salah siji saka papat wujud wangunan sing ana ing naskah-naskah kuna babagan omah sing nganggo ''arsitektu''r tradhisional jawa. Ing wangunan sing nganggo atap joglo, ana papat tiyang ing téngah kang diarani saka guru. saka guru iki disambung nganggo sundhuk, lan ing nduwuré ana blandar pamidangan. Ing ndhuwure blandar pamidangan iku mau uga ana susunan balok kayu kang mbêntuk paramida kuwalik, saya munggah saya amba. Susuna balok blandar iki diarani tumpang sari, karo balok kang susunané amba mênjero diarani singup, dene kang amba metu diarani lar-laran. Susunan balok iki sing bakal nyangga atape joglo ing ndhuwuré, karo dudur (jurai) ing papat pojokané. ing sisih paling dhuwur ana molo sing nyambungaké papat dudur kuwi, lan molo disangga dêning kang jenengé andér.[https://web.archive.org/web/20250620060650/https://budaya.jogjaprov.go.id/artikel/detail/Mengenal-Bangunan-Berarsitektur-Tradisional-Jawa-Bangunan-Joglo][https://web.archive.org/web/20250620060650/https://budaya.jogjaprov.go.id/artikel/detail/Mengenal-Bangunan-Berarsitektur-Tradisional-Jawa-Bangunan-Joglo] Wangunan joglo iki uga nduweni akeh makna, joglo asalé saka tembung tajug loro (juglo) kang nduwéni arti yaiku rong gunung. Di jênêngi rong gunung amarga di dêlêng saka wangunan atap omah joglo kasebut. Kairing pêrkembangané, pényebutan témbung juglo di ubah dadi joglo kaya kang di kenal saiki. Biyasané wangunan joglo iki di wangun dêning masarakat karo ''status sosial'' dhuwur utawa kalangan bangsawan utawa kerajaan, amarga nggawé wangunan joglo iki mbutuhkè ragad kang gedhe. Sanadyan mangkana, saiki omah joglo bisa diwangun dêning sapa waé saka sawétara kalangan. Wangunan joglo iki uga nduwéni sawétara kaunikan, yaiku saka ''arsitektur'' lan atap wangunané sing unik. Sêbab, wangunan iki nduwêni papat tiyang ing têngah kang dhuwuré luwih dhuwur kanggo nyangga atape, lan uga nduwéni ''filosofi'', yaiku papat tiyang kuwi nggambarakè kakuatan saka papat penjuru mata angin. Masyarakat jawa uga ngéyakini yèn ngungsi utawa ngungkapakè awak ana ing joglo ngindhari bencana. Joglo uga nduwéni lawang utama ana ing tengah omah, sarta nduwéni lawang ing sisih têngên lan kiwa. Joglo uga nduwéni téras sing amba, sing fungsiné kanggo silahturahmi antarané ''pénghuni'' omah karo masyarakat liya. Wangunan joglo iki uga kaéngeni céndhéla gêdhé. céndhela gêdhe iki kêlebu salah siji warisan ''kolonial'' walanda, ananing ing wangunan joglo iki céndhela digawé kanthi ''kombinasi arsitektur'' tradhisional khas jawa. Nduwéni pendhapa sing mapan ing pêrangan ngarêp wangunan, panggonan iki digunakaké kanggo nyambut tamu, lan ana sénthong. Lumrahé, wangunan joglo nduwéni élung sénthong. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/properti/arsitektur/d-6980255/mengenal-rumah-joglo-yang-unik-dan-penuh-makna|title=Mengenal Rumah Joglo yang Unik dan Penuh Makna|last=Brilian|first=Almadinah Putri|website=detikproperti|language=id-ID|access-date=2025-06-18|archive-date=2024-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604085221/https://www.detik.com/properti/arsitektur/d-6980255/mengenal-rumah-joglo-yang-unik-dan-penuh-makna|url-status=dead}}</ref>[[File:Joglo Suyadi.jpg|thumb|Joglo Suyadi ]] == Kahanan Wangunan == Wangunan iki nduwéni ''arsitektur'' tradhisional jawa. Wangunan iki nduwéni ''tipe'' pendhapa lan ndalêm lan nduwéni patang parangan penanggap. Joglo iki uga nduwéni jogan, yaiku jarémbah kanggo pêrangan pamidhangan lan pananggap, sarta jogan ing pêrangan èmper. Dalêm nganggo atap usil lan rèng saka kayu, lan ana penutup utawa plafon arupa kayu. Ing ngiringan dalêm ana gondhok, gondhok ya iku wangunan sing iso sambung utawa gandeng lan uga ana pawon. ''struktur'' wangunan ing wangunan joglo iki ya iku tata ruwang kang akèh digunakaké kaya yasan tradisinonal jawa kang akèh ditémoni ing umumé masarakat jawa. == Sajarah == Wangunan joglo iki diwangun dêning Bapak Martorejo piyambaké yaiku siji Sirah Désa utawa kang asring sinébut dadi Lurah, piyambaké yaiku Lurah ing Désa Kalurahan Brayut, ing masa penjajahan. Nalika ing masa penjajahan walanda wangunan iki fungsi dadi kantor kalurahan saliyané kanggo omah tinggal. Banjur sawisé Bapak Martorejo wafat, wangunan iki diwarisaké marang anaké kang kaaran Bapak Martodimejo, nanging sawisé iku yasan iki sémpet ora digunakaké kurang luwih 15 taun kapungkur diwarisaké marang Bapak Suyadi. Wiwit 14 Agustus 2004, bébrayan Dusun Brayut ''berinisiatif'' kanggo ngembangaké désa wisata karo dorongan saka Dinas Kabudayan lan Pariwisata Kabupaten Sleman. Wangunan iki uga diampilaké marang bebrayan kanggo ''dikelola'' sarta digunakaké dadi ''sekretariat'' Desa Wisata Brayut.[https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/rumah-joglo-milik-suyadi]{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Sléman]] aqsawo6gwh8fep0e8nz6dddn7oj6acu Dalem Hersat Wahyutama 0 198678 1759896 1734046 2026-11-05T13:56:20Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759896 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rumah Hersat Wahyutama (2).jpg|thumb|Dalem Hersat Wahyutama (2)]]'''Dalem Hersat Wahyutama''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ꦲꦺꦂꦱꦠ꧀ꦮꦃ​ꦪꦸꦠꦩ; [[Basa Indhonésia|cara Indonésia]]: Rumah Hersat Wahyutama) yaiku salah sijining wangunan ingkang kalebu [[Cagar budaya ing Kabupatèn Sléman|cagar budaya]]. Wangunan iki mapan ana ing Jalan Solo Km 13, RT 01/RW 01 Padukuhan Glondong, Kalurahan Tirtomartani, Kapanéwon Kalasan, [[Sléman, Sléman|Sléman]], [[Panagara Mirunggan Ngayogyakarta|Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]]. Dalem iki kagungane keluarga RS Martoprawignyo (Bapa saking Bapak Hersat Wahyutama). Papan iki strategis banget amarga ana ing pinggir dalan gedhe sing dadi wates kutha Yogyakarta karo kutha Solo, sanadyan rada njorok mlebu saka dalan gedhe nanging tetep gampil dipunakses. Lingkungan sawentawis isih dililingi dening permukiman warga lan mapinten-pinten lahan pertanian, sing dadi cerminan sipat padhusunan ingkang asri ing pinggiran kutha yogyakarta. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/3052/rumahhersatwahyutama|title=JOGJACAGAR {{!}} Sistem Informasi Cagar Budaya|website=jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id|access-date=2025-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003133740/https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/3052/rumahhersatwahyutama|archive-date=2025-10-03|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Kahanan Wewangunan == Wangunan iki nduweni gaya arsitektur ''indis'' karo jendhéla lan lawang kang dhuwur uga plester watu kali ing perangan jaba wewangunan sisih ngisor. Perangan wewangunan isih mligi, kajaba perangan genteng kang wis diganti, uga lawang lan jendhela ing latar ngarep lan mburi, sarta pengecatan wangunan. Jogan wangunan isih migunakake tegel, gevel ing perangan ngarep sarta plafon kayu kang kandel lan katon kukuh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/|title=Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Kabupaten Sleman|website=kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id|language=en|access-date=2025-06-08|archive-date=2024-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125130341/https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya iku ciri kas gagrak ''indis''. ciri-ciri sing ketok banget ing wangunan iki watara liya: wangunane dhuwur, jendhela lan lawang ukuran dawa lan gedhe, jinising godhong jendhela rangkep yaiku perangan godhong jendhela perangan jero saka kaca lan godhong lawang jaba saka kayu modhel krepyak, lan langit-langit dhuwur. Jogan wangunan saka tegel abu-abu ukuran 20 cm x 20 cm, plafon saka papan kayu kang dianggit pating jejer. Saliyane iku wangunan iki uga nyontho wewangunan tradhisional gagrak Jawa yaiku anane rete-rete.<ref name=":0" /> Masiya wis akèh pérangan wangunan kang diowahi, nanging tetep njaga kayata gendheng sing diganti, cacah lawang ditambah lan jendela neng latar ngarep uga mburi, sarta warna wangunan, pérangan wangunan liyané isih di uri uri. == Sujarah == Wiwit saka wangunan digawe (sawatara 1930-an): diwangun ing masa penjajahan hindhia walanda, dadi pratandha perkembangan permukiman ing jaba Kutha Yogyakarta ing era kasebut. Periode thu kek (pra-1940-an): diduweni déning salah diji tiyang saka nagara Cina, nuduhaké anané komunitas ètnis Tionghoa ing laladan kasebut lan peran dheweke kabeh jero perkembangan ekonomi lan sosial. Periode rs martoprawignyo (1950-an): kepemilikan pindhah menyang kulawarga pribumi, dadi pratandha owah-owahan sosial-politik pasca-kemerdekaan indonesia. Saka kene, omah iki dadi panggonan kulawarga bapak hersat wahyutama. Saka taun1960-an nganti 1994 ana loro guna wangunan iki : saliyane dadi papan manggon, perangan ngareping omah digunakake kanggo kagiyatan komersial lan sosial. Iki nuduhake adhaptasi wangunan karo kabutuhan masarakat lan sing nduweni wangunan . PKPN (perusahaan kayu perhutanan nasiyonal -1960-an): perusahaan iki uga tau ndadekake dalem puniki dadi kantor. Bank kosgoro (1970-an): Wangunan iki uga tau didadekake bank, sing dadi pratandha menawa lokasi lan wangunane dianggep jumbuh kanggo kagiyatan perbankan. Kantor praktek dhokter (nganti 1994): iki nduduhake wangunan bisa dinggo kanggo maneka kabutuhan sawetara fungsi profesional<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://referensi.data.kemdikbud.go.id/kebudayaan/kode/KB002672|title=Data Kebudayaan Kemendikdasmen|website=referensi.data.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=2025-06-08}}</ref> == Entuk Penghargaan == Wangunan iki entuk penghargaan lan pemugaran (2005 & 2015): paweweh penghargaan marang sing nduweni/pengelola ing taun 2005 yaiku pengakuan tandha jasa minangka nguri-uri kang ditindakake dening kulawarga hersat wahyutama. Pemugaran dening dinas kabudayan lan pariwisata kabupaten Sleman ing taun 2015 sing dadekake wangunan iki minangka cagar budaya kang wigati lan prelune pangopenan, kanggo njaga lestarine wangunan iki. <ref name=":0" /> Wangunan iki ngemot mapinten-pinten bab sing njalari dadi wangunan cagar budaya yaiku : Bab sujarah: yasan iki dadi saksi bisu perkembangan arsitektur, sosial, lan ekonomi ing yogyakarta saka era kolonial nganti kamardikan. biji arsitektur: ya iku tuladha langka lan kopen karo becik saka arsitektur indis, kang ya iku perangan integral saka sajarah arsitektur indonesia. Bab pendhidhikan : bisa dadi pawiyatan kanggo mahasiswa arsitektur, sajarah, lan pelestarian budaya kanggo ngerteni luwih jero ngenani gaya wangunan lan kauripan masa kapungkur. Potensi wisata budaya: sanadyan wektu iki wangunan iki durung dadi destinasi wisata sing misuwur, yen pengelolaane pener, dalem hersat wahyutama duwe potensi dadi daya tarik wisata budaya kang nawakake pengalaman unik ngenani arsitektur lan sajarah lokal. Dalem hersat wahyutama yaiku bukti nyata kepriye siji wangunan ora mung sekadar struktur fisik, nanging uga entitas kang ngemot carita, piwulang, lan perjalanan wayah kang berharga nggo setunggaling kaluwarga. Pelestariane uga dadi tanggung jawab bareng kanggo mesthekake warisan iki tetep lestari nggo generasi sakbare. == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Sléman]] 47bgaky93hmg2wpdm1t0da45p2kiu7m Kantor Kapanéwon Tèmpèl 0 198681 1760139 1734098 2026-11-06T04:11:15Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760139 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kantor Kapanéwon Tèmpèl''' ([[Aksara Carakan|aksara Jawa]]: ꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂ​ꦏꦥꦤꦺꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦭ꧀; [[Basa Indhonésia|basa Indonésia]]: ''Kantor Kapanewon Tempel'') iku kantor pamaréntahan tingkat [[Kapanéwon]] kang mapan ing [[Kabupatèn Sleman]], [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]]. Kantor iki nglaksanani pelimpahan tugas saka [[Pamaréntah Kabupatèn Sleman]], kayata pamaréntahan umum, pelayanan publik, lan pemberdayaan masyarakat. == Sajarah == Bangunan Kantor Kapanéwon Tèmpèl wiwitané minangka Kantor [[Bekel]] ing taun [[1918]]. Ing jaman kolonial Walanda, bangunan iki dadi kantor distrik lan dikenal minangka “Kepanjen”. Ing taun [[1943]], sistem distrik dibubaraké, banjur ing taun 1945 bangunan iki resmi dadi kantor kapanéwon. Panewu pisanané ya iku Raden Prakosodiningrat.<ref>https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/kapanewon-tempel/</ref> Bangunan iki ditetepaké minangka [[Cagar Budaya]] adhedhasar Keputusan [[Bupati Sleman]] Nomor [[14.7/Kep.KDH/A/2017]] amarga nilai sajarah lan [[Arsitèktur|arsitekturé]].<ref>https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/kantor-kapanewon-tempel/</ref> == Informasi Umum == Kantor Kapanéwon Tèmpèl minangka salah siji saka 17 kantor kapanéwon ing Kabupatèn Sleman. Kantor iki dadi pusat administrasi kanggo 8 kalurahan lan makili peran panewu minangka pamomong wilayah. Lokasié strategis, mapan ing jalur utama Semarang–Yogyakarta, saéngga gampang dijangkau masarakat. Bangunan kantor kang saiki digunakaké yaiku bangunan warisan kolonial sing wis direnovasi, nanging isih njaga unsur arsitektur tradisional Jawa. == Arsitektur lan Tata Ruang == Bangunan kantor nduwèni pola tata ruang tradisional Jawa gaya [[Limasan]], lan dibagi dadi sawetara unit: * Pendhapa: kanggo acara resmi, sambutan tamu, lan pelatihan * Bangsal administrasi: ruang kerja panewu lan staf * Pawon lan garasi: dhukungan operasional Struktur arsitektur iki digawe saka kayu jati, bata kapur, lan atap genteng keramik lawas, kang duwé nilai sajarah lan budaya dhuwur. Renovasi dilakokaké kanthi prinsip pelestarian. == Pelayanan Publik == Kapanéwon Tèmpèl nyedhiyakake layanan terpadu kanggo warga, kalebu: * Administrasi kependudukan (KK, KTP, surat domisili) * Pelayanan sosial lan bantuan UMKM * Koordinasi bantuan pertanian lan kesehatan * Sertifikat tanah lan informasi tata ruang Program layanan kasebut ditata supaya luwih cepet lan transparan, nyedhiyakake fasilitas loket pelayanan, ruang tunggu, lan call center kapanéwon. == Program Unggulan == Sawetara program unggulan kang dilakokaké Kantor Kapanéwon Tèmpèl antarané: * JEMPOLAN (Jemput Bola Pelayanan) kanggo warga lansia lan disabilitas * Forum Komunikasi Kalurahankanggo partisipasi warga * Sosialisasi Digitalisasi Arsip supaya pamaréntahan luwih modern * Pelatihan kewirausahaan bareng Dinas Koperasi lan UMKM == Kegiatan Sosial lan Budaya == Kantor kapanéwon uga ndhukung kegiatan sosial budaya, kaya: * Festival budaya kalurahan * Lomba tumpeng lan kirab budaya * Pagelaran wayang lan ketoprak * Program pelestarian [[Aksara Jawa]] lan [[Basa Jawa]] ing kalurahan == Fungsi lan Tugas == Kantor Kapanéwon Tèmpèl nduwèni fungsi utama minangka perpanjangan tangan saka pamaréntahan kabupatèn. Sawetara tugasé antarané: * Koordinasi karo pamong kalurahan * Pembinaan pamong desa lan staf kalurahan * Pelayanan administrasi, kayata surat pindhah, domisili, lan keterangan usaha * Pelayanan langsung liwat program '''JEMPOLAN''' (Jemput Bola Pelayanan) * Pemberdayaan masyarakat liwat pelatihan UMKM, tani, lan organisasi masyarakat * Pengawasan pembangunan lan evaluasi program * Pelestarian bangunan cagar budaya == Wilayah Administratif == Kapanéwon Tèmpèl mbawahi 8 kalurahan: # [[Banyurejo, Tempel]] # [[Lumbungrejo, Tempel]] # [[Margorejo, Tempel]] # [[Margodadi, Tempel]] # [[Mororejo, Tempel]] # [[Sumberrejo, Tempel]] # [[Sumberarum, Tempel]] # [[Tambakrejo, Tempel]] == Koordinasi Kanthi Instansi Liyane == Kapanéwon Tèmpèl nindakaké koordinasi karo pirang-pirang instansi vertikal lan OPD (Organisasi Perangkat Daerah) tingkat kabupatèn. Koordinasi iki wigati kanggo kelancaran pelaksanaan program pamaréntahan, bantuan sosial, pendampingan hukum, program pertanian, lan perlindungan warga miskin. Instansi kang kerep sesambungan kalebu: * [[Dinas Sosial Sleman]] * [[Dinas Kesehatan Sleman]] * [[Kejaksaan Negeri Sleman]] * [[Polsek Tempel]] * [[Koramil Tempel]] == Tantangan lan Inovasi == Nalika ngadhepi tantangan global lan digitalisasi, Kantor Kapanéwon Tèmpèl ngembangaké layanan berbasis teknologi, kalebu: * Sistem antrian online * Portal aduan warga * Digitalisasi arsip kapanéwon Penerapan teknologi iki ditujokaké kanggo nambah transparansi, efisiensi layanan, lan partisipasi publik. == Pangaribawa Sosial Ekonomi == Kantor kapanéwon duwé peran penting minangka motor pembangunan tingkat lokal. Wiwit revitalisasi pasar tradisional, pemberdayaan UMKM, nganti pendampingan kelompok tani lan nelayan. Program integratif antar sektor iki nuwuhaké dampak ekonomi lan sosial kanggo warga Kapanéwon Tèmpèl. == Pangajab lan Pangrembakan == Pamaréntah kapanéwon nduwé pangajab kanggo terus ngembangaké: * Pelayanan publik berbasis teknologi * Pelestarian budaya lokal * Kemitraan karo universitas lan LSM * Pangembangan SDM pamong kapanéwon lan kalurahan Wiwit taun 2023, Kantor Kapanéwon Tèmpèl dadi lokasi studi banding kanggo kapanéwon liyané amarga praktik pelayanan publiké kang inovatif lan berbasis masyarakat. == Cagar Budaya == Bangunan Kantor Kapanéwon Tèmpèl nggambaraké gaya arsitektur [[Limasan]] kampung tradisional Jawa. Ana pendhapa, pawon, paviliun, lan garasi sing mbentuk kompleks kantor. Strukturé asli isih dijaga kanggo pelestarian warisan [[budaya lokal]].<ref>https://cagarbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/detail/PO2021021900001/kantor-kapanewon-tempel{{Pranala mati|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Pranala Njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240814130436/https://tempel.slemankab.go.id/ Situs resmi Kapanéwon Tèmpèl] * [https://slemankab.go.id/ Situs resmi Kabupatèn Sleman] == Réferènsi == <references /> == Kategori == [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Sleman]] [[Kategori:Kapanéwon ing Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Bangunan bersejarah ing Yogyakarta]] [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] ax3v6zq5evo4q5tcb1zhzx4tkrzj1fv Kantor Kapanéwon Kalasan 0 198683 1760138 1734096 2026-11-06T04:10:58Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760138 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kantor Kapanéwon Kalasan''' (Carakan: ꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦏꦥꦤꦺꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦏꦭꦱ꧀ꦱꦤ꧀; cara Indonésia: ''Kantor Kapanewon Kalasan'') mapan wonten ing Padukuhan Krajan, Desa Tirtomartani, Kapanéwon Kalasan, Kabupatèn Sleman, [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]]. Kantor Kapanéwon Kalasan menika taksih anggènipun Kasultanan Ngayogyakarta. Ananging, ingkang ngrimat inggih menika Pamréntah [[Kabupatèn Sléman|Kabupatèn Sleman]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/4063/bangunan-lama-kecamatan-kalasan|title=JOGJACAGAR {{!}} Sistem Informasi Cagar Budaya|website=jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id|access-date=2025-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003131553/https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/4063/bangunan-lama-kecamatan-kalasan|archive-date=2025-10-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sejarah == Wonten ing warsa 1905, Kasultanan Ngayogyakarta amara wilayahipun dados tiga, inggih menika Mataram, [[Kabupatèn Kulon Praga|Kulon Progo]], lan [[Kabupatèn Gunungkidul|Gunungkidul]]. Wilayah Mataram menika isinipun Kabupatèn Pakualaman, [[Kabupatèn Bantul]], Kabupatèn Kalasan, kaliyan [[Kabupatèn Sléman]]. Menawi Kabupatèen Sléman isinipun Godéan, Joèsmeneng, Mlati, Ngijon, Gamping, Klegung, kaliyan Balong. Kabupatèn Kalasan isinipun wonten gangsal, inggih menika Berbah, Kejambon, Krapyak, Prambanan, ugi Kota Gedhé. Wonten ing warsa 1916, [[Kasultanan Ngayogyakarta]] amara wilayahipun malih dados tiga, inggih menika Kabupatèn Kalasan, Bantul, kaliyan Sléman. Ananging, wonten warsa 1927, Kabupatèn Sléman ugi Kabupatèn Kalasan dipunilangi. Wonten ing warsa 1940, Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwana medalaken ''Rijkblad Van Yogyakarta'' 1940 No. 13 ingkang mbagi Kasultanan Ngayogyakarta dados sekawan Kabupatèn, inggih menika Sléman, Kulon Progo, Gunungkidul, kaliyan Bantul. Wonten warsa 1942, nalika wanci Jepang anjajah Indonésia, Kabupatèn Yogyakarta dados tiga Kawedanan, inggih menika Kutha, Sleman, kaliyan Kalasan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://kalasan.slemankab.go.id/sejarah|title=One moment, please...|website=kalasan.slemankab.go.id|language=en|access-date=2025-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916144741/https://kalasan.slemankab.go.id/sejarah|archive-date=2024-09-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wewangunan == Wewangunan wonten Kantor Kapanéwon Kalasan menika dados salah satunggaling wewangunan ''[[Cagar budaya ing Kabupatèn Sléman|Cagar Budaya]]'' wonten Ngayogyakarta''.'' <ref name=":0" /> Wewangunan menika wonten kathah ''komponen'' wewangunan ugi ''struktur'', inggih menika:Wewangunan lami Kantor Kapanèwon Kalasan, Wewangunan tilasipun Dalemipun Dinas Camat, ''Struktur'' Gapura lan Pager, Wewangunan Pendhapa, Wewangunan Mushola, Wewangunan Puskesmas Pambiyantu, Dalemipun Dinas Camat (énggal), Wewangunan ''Balai Penyuluhan Keluarga Berencana (BPKB)'' Kalasan (énggal). Wewangunan lami inggih menika Wewangunan Kantor Kapanèwon Kalasan, wewangunan tilasipun Dalemipun Dinas Camat, uga ''Struktur'' Gapura lan Pager. Wewangunan lami menika ngadhep kidul wétan, uga nggadhahi ''arsitektur'' wewangunan Indis ingkang cirinipun nggadhahi témbok ingkang kandel, cendhela lan lawangipun dhuwur, saha gendhèngipun awujud ''limas.'' Wonten tiga modhèl lawang wonten wewangunan menika, inggih menika lawang krépyak mati, lawang panil kaca, uga lawang papan kayu. Wewangunan lami menika nggadhahi ''denah'' wujud ''persegi panjang'' ingkang amba kanthi sayap wonten kiwa lan tengen, uga ''menjorok'' wonten ngajeng. Wewangunan menika wonten gangsal bagean, kalih ruang sayap, uga wonten ruang ten wingking.<ref name=":1" />[[File:Old Office of Kalasan District (1).jpg|thumb|Kantor Kapanéwon Kalasan.]]Ruang Sayap Kiwa, menika ukuranipun 3,4 m x 6,28 m. Ruangan menika fungsinipun ruangan kagem dolanan anak-anak. Ruangan menika nggadhahi kalih lawang, ingkang sisih Wétan menika nyamabungaken ruangan menika kalih téras jawi. Ingkang sisih Kilèn, arahipun wonten ngajeng ingkang dipuniseni dolanan anak-anak. Ruang Sayap Tengen, ukuranipun inggih menika 3,49 m x 6,28 m. Ruangan menika fungsinipun kangem gudhang utawa ruang arsip. Lawang ingkang sisih Wétan nyambungaken téras ngajeng. Menawi lawang ingkang sisih Kilèn, arahipun dhateng gudhang lintunipun ingkang linuwih amba (2,7 m x 21 m). Gangsal Ruang Utami menika isinipun: Kalih Ruang Panwas (ukuranipun 3,49 m x 6,02 m dan 4,7 m x 6,02 m. Ruangan menika nyambung wonten ruang tengah), Ruang Tengah (ukuranipun 4,86 m x 6,02 m. Nggadhahi sekawan lawang ingkang arahipun dhateng Pendhapa Ngajeng, Ruang Panwas, Ruang PPK, kaliyan Ruang Wingking Wewangunan), Ruang PPK (ukuranipun 4,7 m x 6,02 m, uga nggadhahi lawang kalih lan cendhéla setunggal. Ruangan menika dipunsekat saéngga ambentuk lorong alit), Ruang PKH (ukuranipun 3,49 m x 6,02 m, nggadhahi lawang kalih kaliyan setunggal cendhéla). Wingking Wewangunan, sampun dipungantos saking téras wingking asli dados ruang-ruang tinutup. Wonten gangsal ruang ingkang fungsinipun dados gudhang kanthi ukuran: 2,95 m x 3,46 m, 2,95 m x 4,7 m, 2,95 m x 4,86 m, 4,7 m x 4,45 m.<ref name=":1" /> Lintunipun ruangan menika, wonten kolah wonten sisih Kilen kanthi ukuran 3,7 m x 1,48 m. Wewangunan menika nggadhahi plafon ingkang dhuwuripun 4,51 m mawi adhaptasi fungsi saking wewangunan lami ingkang rumiyin dados pusat layanan kapanéwon. <ref name=":0" /> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Sléman]] [[Kategori:Wangunan ing Yogyakarta]] [[Kategori:Ngayogyakarta]] [[Kategori:Kalasan, Sléman]] imzngt09on7g6ewc2m1ovcozsu6qdmd Dalem Ismuhardjono 0 198687 1759897 1734052 2026-11-05T13:56:20Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759897 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dalem Joglo Ismuhardjono''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ꦲꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦲꦂꦗꦤ) iku salah sawijining wangunan cagar budaya ing [[Kabupatèn Sléman|Kabupaten Sléman]], Daérah Istiméwa Ngayogyakarta. Dalem iki mapan ing Désa Sumberagung, Kapanéwon Mayudan, Kabupatèn Sléman. Omah iki tau dipigunakaké minangka markas ''Tentara Keamanan Rakyat'' (TKR) nalika ''Agresi Militer Belanda II''. Ing mangsa sadurungé, yaiku nalika jaman kolonial, omah iki minangka kantor Kalurahan Pucanganom.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/696/rumah-ismuhardjono|title=JOGJACAGAR {{!}} Sistem Informasi Cagar Budaya|website=jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id|access-date=2025-09-08}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Omah iki wujudé wangunan mawa arsitèktur Jawa lan ngadhep mangidul. Wangunané kadadèn saka kuncungan payon kampung, pendhapa payon joglo sinom, pringgitan payon limasan, dalem payon joglo sinom, gandhok payon kampung, lan pawon payon kampung.<ref name=":0" /> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Sléman]] m7pc2lfpv5zq2143xkf6bzoaciei23c Joglo Muhadi 0 198695 1760075 1734090 2026-11-06T00:35:20Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760075 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Front_Facade_of_Joglo_Muhadi.jpg|jmpl|Kuncungan Joglo Muhadi.]] '''Omah Joglo Kelor Muhadi''' ([[Aksara Carakan|carakan]]: ꦗꦺꦴꦒ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦩꦸꦲꦢꦶ) punika sawijing yasan warisan budaya ingkang dumunung wonten ing [[Dusun Kelor]], [[Kalurahan Bangunkerto]], [[Kapanewon Turi]], [[Kabupaten Sleman]], [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]]. Omah punika kalebet salah satunggaling cagar budaya adhedhasar [[Keputusan Bupati Sleman]] Nomer 070/Kep.KDH/A/2010.<ref name="jogjacagar">https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/101/rumah-joglo-kelor-muhadi {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003161923/https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/101/rumah-joglo-kelor-muhadi |date=2025-10-03 }} – Jogja Cagar Budaya, dipunsinaoni tanggal 17 Juni 2025.</ref> Wiwit mawi yasan, punika dipunanggep kagungan sejarah panjang lan reginipun ageng dhumateng masyarakat lokal. == Sajarah == Yasan punika kaping pisan dipundhiri nalika taun 1835 déning Kromowijoyo. Panjenenganipun mujudaken yasan kanthi gaya arsitektur tradhisional Jawa kang wujud joglo lawakan. Ing pawiyatan mangsa, griya punika dipunwarisaken tumuju anak turune ngantos generasi kaping sekawan. Salah satunggal ing ahli waris ingkang nyekapi periksa lan ngginaakaken griya punika sapunika inggih punika Ibu Murni Muhadi. Omah Joglo Kelor Muhadi boten namung dados yasan padunungan, nanging ugi nate dados papan strategis nalika jaman perang kamardikan. Miturut cathetan sejarah lokal, yasan punika naté dipun-ginakaken minangka markas Tentara Pelajar, papan panglumpukan pasukan, lan papan nyusun strategi. Kajawi punika, griya punika ugi nate dados latar pangibadah komunitas warga sakitar nalika darurat perang. == Arsitektur == Yasan Omah Joglo Kelor Muhadi nggambarake ciri khas arsitektur tradisional Jawa Tengah. Wujud joglo lawakan ing griya punika ngemu makna simbolis ing saben unsur arsitekturalé. Pilar-pilar kayu jati asli sing ngedegake griya punika dipunrawat kanthi becik, nggambarake kekokohan lan ketahanan budaya lokal. Bagian pendhapa minangka ruang utama ngemot filosofi keterbukaan lan kerukunan, dene pawon lan gandhok nggambarake tata ruang tradisional Jawa. Saben bagian griya kagungan fungsi tinamtu kang nyambung kaliyan tatanan sosial masyarakat Jawa jaman biyèn. Tembok griya punika dipundandani nganggo teknik tradhisional tanpa semen, ngginakaken adonan tanah lan jerami. Ukiran-ukiran kayu ing gebyog ugi ngemu motif klasik kados parang, lung-lungan, lan truntum. Iki minangka lambang saka pengabdian lan kebijaksanaan pemilik griya. Ing pérangan omah ugi kapendhet sumur lawas ingkang dipunanggèp sakral lan kagayut kaliyan mitos lokal. == Fungsi Sosial lan Budaya == Omah Joglo punika boten namung dipun-ginakaken minangka yasan padunungan, nanging ugi dados papan pasamuan warga, pelestarian budaya, lan sinau bareng. Kegiatan kados ta latihan [[tari tradisional Jawa]], [[tembang macapat]], [[batik]], lan olah kriya asring dipunadani ing griya punika. Ugi dipun-ginakaken minangka papan acara adat desa, kados kenduri, slametan, lan wiwitan. Griya punika dados inspirasi tumrap generasi enom ngèlmu kabudayan Jawa kang adiluhung. Ugi wonten upaya digitalisasi lan pendokumentasian griya punika minangka warisan budaya kang saged sinau déning para siswa lan mahasiswa. Kalih punika, sawetara pelaku seni lokal remen damel pagelaran cilik ing papan punika. == Status Cagar Budaya == Adhedhasar Keputusan Bupati Sleman Nomer 070/Kep.KDH/A/2010, Omah Joglo Kelor Muhadi dipuntetepaken minangka [[Cagar Budaya]] Kabupaten Sleman.<ref name="slemanbudaya">https://budaya.slemankab.go.id{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} – Direktori Budaya Sleman, dipunsinaoni tanggal 17 Juni 2025.</ref> Penetapan punika dipunlandhesi amargi yasan punika nyekapi nilai sejarah, arsitektural, lan budaya ingkang wigati, saha isih lestari dumugi sapunika. Pamrentah lokal ugi nyengkuyung pelestarian lan promosi griya punika minangka péranganing potensi wisata budaya ing wewengkon Sleman. Program konservasi ugi dipunlaksanani kanthi koordinasi antarane ahli warisan budaya, komunitas lokal, lan instansi pamrentahan. Omah punika dipuntata supados saged tetep lestari, kalebet kanthi ngendhaleni pembangunan modhèren ing sakiteré. == Aksesibilitas == Omah Joglo Kelor Muhadi mapan wonten ing Dusun Kelor, Kalurahan Bangunkerto, Kapanewon Turi, Kabupaten Sleman. Papan punika saged dipunakses kanthi kendaraan pribadi saking arah pusat kutha Yogyakarta arah Kaliurang, lajeng mlebet dhateng Turi lan nyusur dalan dhusun. Lintasani punika sampun katingal mapan saha trep kanggé para pengunjung. Kawasan griya ugi dipunkondisiken supados ramah tumrap pengunjung kalebu papan parkir lan papan istirahat. == Potensi Pariwisata == Kagolong dados destinasi wisata edukatif, Omah Joglo Kelor Muhadi nawakaké pengalaman unik tumrap para wisatawan. Para tamu saged sinau langsung bab sejarah, arsitektur, lan budaya Jawa tradisional. Lokasi punika ugi dipunkembangaké dados bagéan saking jalur wisata budaya ing Sleman kanthi promosi digital lan kerja bareng kalihan pelaku wisata lokal. Wiwit dibukak tumrap publik, griya punika narik kawigaten fotografer, panaliti budaya, lan pecinta sejarah. Wiwit saking wisatawan domestik ngantos manca nagara, kathah ingkang kersa ngraosaken hawa klasik lan sinau langsung bab kabudayan lokal. Griya punika saged dipunparingi ancas wisata budaya, edukasi, lan pangembangan ekonomi warga lokal lumantar produk kriya lan kuliner khas. == Pranala njaba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20251003161923/https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/101/rumah-joglo-kelor-muhadi Omah Joglo Kelor Muhadi – Jogja Cagar Budaya] * [https://budaya.slemankab.go.id Direktori Budaya Kabupaten Sleman]{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Rujukan == <references /> == Kategori == [[Kategori:Kabudayan Jawa]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Yogyakarta]] [[Kategori:Arsitektur Jawa]] [[Kategori:Pariwisata ing Yogyakarta]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Sleman]] [[Kategori:Yasan sejarah ing Yogyakarta]] [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] i3cj10fslj9t3w5uce0c4cr20ve6u9v Joglo Subardjo 0 198697 1760076 1749401 2026-11-06T00:37:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760076 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joglo Subardjo''' ([[carakan]]: ꦗꦺꦴꦒ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦱꦸꦧꦂꦗ) menika salah sawijining wangunan cagar budaya ing kapanewon Sèyègan, kabupaten [[Sléman, Sléman|Sléman]]. Joglo menika kagunganipun Bapak Subardjo ingkang dipun damel wanci kolonial (1800 M - 1900 M). Sakmenika dalem menika tasih dipun ginaaken minangka griya pribadi. Wangunan menika kagungan ''corak arsitektur'' tradisional Jawa inggih menika Joglo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/98/rumah-joglo-milik-subardjo|title=JOGJACAGAR {{!}} Sistem Informasi Cagar Budaya|website=jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id|access-date=2025-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003161626/https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/98/rumah-joglo-milik-subardjo|archive-date=2025-10-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> Joglo inggih menika griya tradisional saking Jawa tengah lan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta ingkang umumipun dipun damel saking kayu. Ciri Omah Joglo saged dipun tingali saking bentuk payonipun ingkang kadosta candi. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2022/01/17/130000279/sejarah-dan-filosofi-rumah-joglo|title=Sejarah dan Filosofi Rumah Joglo|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2022-01-17|work=KOMPAS.com|access-date=2025-05-27|language=id}}</ref> [[File:Joglo Subardjo (1).jpg|thumb|Joglo Subardjo.]] == Ciri-ciri Joglo == === Joglo Subardjo === Wonten ing dalem Joglo Subardjo migunaaken payon gendhèng ingkang dipun damel saking lemah abang. Ing ''plafon'' migunaaken empring kanggé nutupi usuk ing inggilipun. Empring ingkang dipun tatamenika tambahan saking ingkang kagungan dalem. Bentuk saking tatanan empring menika bentuk susunan ri gerèh, inggih menika bentuk sejajar lan mboten kedah sejajar setunggal titik. Ugi wonten sekawan saka guru kanggé nyangga payon. Wonten ing bagian tàgel tasih migunaaken tègel plèster semèn. Wonten ing pendapa wonten setunggal lawang utama lan kalih jendela ing sisih tengen lan kiwa. === Joglo umum: === ==== ''Arsitektur'' lan payon wangunan Joglo ==== Payon Joglo bentukipun istimewa. Amargi, wonten sekawan cagak ing tengah wangunan ingkang langkun dhuwur kangge nyonggo payon. Sekawan cagak menika dipun wastani Soko Guru, ingkang nggadahi teges gambaran kekiatan saking sekawan penjuru mata angin (lor, kidul, wètan, lan kulon). Para masyarakat yakin menawi griya Joglo saged nebéhaken saking bebaya. Bahan ingkang dipun ginaaken ndamel payon biasanipun dipun damel saking gendhèng lempung. Ananging sakderengipun dipun sukani gendhèng ngandhapipun dipun sukani alang-alang anyaman. ==== 2. Lawang utama wonten ing tengah griya ==== Lawang griya Joglo menika wonten tiga, inggih menika lawang utama ing tengah, lan lawang saklajengipun wonten ing sisih tengen lan kiwa griya. Anggenipun nata lawang menika kadosta kupu-kupu ingkang nembé berjuang wonten ing kaluarga ingkang ageng. Lawang menika ugi dados pralambang hubungan ingkang kagungan griya kalian tamu menika raket lan prasaja. ==== 3. Nggadahi teras jembar ==== Teras ingkang jembar menika dipun ginaaken kanggé silaturahim ingkang kagungan griya kalian masyarakat sanèsipun. ==== 4. Jendela ingkang ageng ==== Wonten ing griya joglo menika wonten kathah sanget jendela ingkang ageng. Bentuk jendela kados menika salah satunggaling warisan akulturasi budaya londo. Ananging ing griya Joglo dipun tambahi ornamen-ornamen khas. ==== 5. Pendopo ==== Pendopo menika wonteng ing ngajeng griya Joglo, papan menika dipun ginaaken kanggè nampa para tamu, nggelar rapat penting, lan kegiatan sosial sanesipun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/properti/arsitektur/d-6980255/mengenal-rumah-joglo-yang-unik-dan-penuh-makna|title=Mengenal Rumah Joglo yang Unik dan Penuh Makna|last=Brilian|first=Almadinah Putri|website=detikproperti|language=id-ID|access-date=2025-06-02|archive-date=2024-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604085221/https://www.detik.com/properti/arsitektur/d-6980255/mengenal-rumah-joglo-yang-unik-dan-penuh-makna|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== 6. Paringgitan ==== Paringgitan inggih menika wangunan ingkang ngubungajen wangunan pendopo kalian wangunan omah. Umumipun, wangunan menika dipunginaaken kangge nampa tamu ingkang nggadahi hubungan langkung cerak utawi sedulur ingkang kagungan dalem. Wangunan menika ugi saged dipun ginaaken minangka papan kanggé nyimpin tinggit utawi wayang. 7. '''Senthong''' Umumipun wonten ing sisih wingking griya Joglo menika nggadahi tiga senthong. Pambagianipun wonten kamar sare, gudhang kangge nyimpen manika warni dhaharan, lan ing bagian tengah dipun ginaaken kangge nyimpen barang-barang ingkang nggadahi aji kekiatan utawi sakti. == Kahanan dalem == Kahanan Joglo sakmenika tasih sae anangin wonten bagian ingkang prelu dipun ''renofasi. Wonten ing ngajeng Dalem Joglo menika wonten plataran ingkang dipun tanduri suket.'' == Joglo == Joglo menika saking tembung Tajug Loro (Juglo) ingkang nggadai teges kalih gunung. Kalih gunung menika saget dipun tingali saking bentuk payonipun ingkang mirip bentuk gunug. Sakmenika istilah Juglo dados Joglo. Joglo menika griya tradisional ingkang biasanipun dipun damel kalian masyarakat ingkang nggadahi pangkat inggil ing masyarakat, kadosta lurah, priayi, juragan, golongan bangsawan lan sakpiturute, amargi merlokaken biaya ingkang awis. Sakmenika griya joglo asring dipun ginaaken kangge gedung pemerintahan utawi perkantoran. [https://www.detik.com/properti/arsitektur/d-6980255/mengenal-rumah-joglo-yang-unik-dan-penuh-makna#:~:text=Rumah%20Joglo%20merupakan%20rumah%20tradisional,karena%20membutuhkan%20biaya%20yang%20besar.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604085221/https://www.detik.com/properti/arsitektur/d-6980255/mengenal-rumah-joglo-yang-unik-dan-penuh-makna#:~:text=Rumah%20Joglo%20merupakan%20rumah%20tradisional,karena%20membutuhkan%20biaya%20yang%20besar. |date=2024-06-04 }} == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Sléman]] 5h7eget97ptbaflgj9e1p4061xal9w9 Hostèl Vogels 0 198698 1760033 1734087 2026-11-05T22:03:02Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760033 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hostèl Vogels''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦭ꧀ꦮ꦳ꦺꦴꦒꦼꦭ꧀ꦱ꧀) dibangun watara taun [[1926]] déning [[Hamengkubuwana VIII|Sultan Hamengkubuwana VIII]] nalika pas didadèkaké padépokan, sawisé iku dituku déning Perdana Mentri kapisan Indonesia yaiku Dr. [[Soekiman Wirjosandjojo|Soekiman]] sing bakal digunakaké dadi panginepan watara taun [[1950]]. Ing taun 1950-1980 gedhong iki digunakaké dadi mèss perwira AAU nalika AAU durung nduwèni mèss ing laladan Kaliurang.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/600/hotel-vogels|title=JOGJACAGAR {{!}} Sistem Informasi Cagar Budaya|website=jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id|access-date=2025-05-27}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[File:Bangunan Utama Hostel Vogels.jpg|thumb|Gedhong Utama Hostel Vogels]] == Prenah == Hostèl Vogels mapan ana ing Jl. Astamulya RT 07/ RW 19, Hargobinangun, Pakem, [[Sléman, Sléman|Sléman]], Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Gedhong iki mapan ana ing koordinat géografis S 7, 59892 º lan E 110,4268 º élevasi 900 mdpl. Hotel Vogels iki nduwèni fasad kang madhep arah wétan lan cedhak karo dalan [[Kaliurang]].<ref name=":0" /> == Gagrag Gedhong == Gedhong Hostèl Vogels duwèni gaya arsitèktur [[Indhi|Indis]] sing ana tower cilik ing dhuwur gedhong. Gunané tower ing gedhong sing ana ing Indonesia dadi modé sing disenengi déning arsitèktur Kolonial Walanda ing wiwitaning abad 20. Gedhong iki uga ana hiasan arupa plèster watu marmer ing pérangan njaba gedhong. Kahanan gedhong nganti wektu saiki isih apik lan karawat, mèh sakkabèhé komponen gedhong iku asli, saka jogan, usuk, jendhéla lan lawang, namung pérangan kaca sing diganti amarga pecah lan pengecatan menèh karo werna sing cocok kaya ing awal dibangun. Pérangan jogan migunakaké marmer werna abang, gedhoing iki uga migunakaké ornamèn kaca sing cukup akèh. Utamané ing jendhéla kang ngebaki tembok ing sawijining pérangan ruwangan. Gedhong iki uga ana werna emas sing dadi penghias ing sakpinggiré plafon sing ditekakaké saka [[Indhi|India]].<ref name=":0" /> == Sujarah == Kaliurang yaiku sawijining laladan kang mapan ana ing Kalurahan Pakem, Kabupaten Sléman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Kanthi dideleng saka sujarahé, tlatah iki yaiku pérangan saka lemah ''apanage'' Kasultanan Yogyakarta. Adhedhasar laporan Residèn Yogyakarta (Gegevens Over Djokjakarta 1925 lan 1926) kang diserat dening L. F. Dingemans, lemah ing Kalurahan Pakem ing masa pamaréntahan Sultan Hamengkubuwana II dikuwasani dening Pangeran Puger. Ing abad 1830-an, Tlatah Vorstenlanden ngalami perkembangan sektor pakebonan kang mbutuhaké lahan jembar lan subur. Lemah-lemah apanage banjur diséwakan dening para pemegang hak (''apanagehouder'') marang perusahaan-perusahaan pakebonan. Ing Pakem, lemah ''apanage'' digunakaké kanggo pembangunan pakebonan nila kang diurus dening Pangeran Adipati Mangkubumi wataraning taun 1880. Status lemah ''apanage'' ing jabaning tlatah inti Yoggyakarta diilangi liwat kebijakan Pamaréntah Kolonial ing taun 1912–1913, karo Versteeg kacathet dadi pengelola pungkasan lemah ''apanage'' ing Pakem.<ref name=":0" /> Ing wiwiting abad kaping-20, Pamarentah Hindhia Walanda wiwit ngembangaké sektor pariwisata ing tlatah kolonine, kalebu Yogyakarta. Pembentukan ''Vereeniging voor Toeristen-Verkeer'' (VTV) ing taun 1908 nandhani diawiti promosi Yogyakarta kang dadi destinasi wisata, karo atraksi budaya kaya [[Karaton Ngayogyakarta Adiningrat|Kraton Yogyakarta]] ( Carakan:​​ ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ​), [[Candhi Prambanan]]​ (Carakan: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦥꦿꦩ꧀ꦧꦤꦤ꧀), [[Kuthagedhé, Kutha Ngayogyakarta|Kotagede]] (Carakan: ꦏꦺꦴꦠꦒꦺꦢꦺ), sarta kerajinan batik lan perak, lan atraksi alam kaya kawasan panté ([[Pasisir Parangtritis|Parangtritis]] (Carakan: ꦥꦫꦁꦠꦿꦶꦠꦻꦱ꧀), Samas (Carakan: ꦱꦩꦱ꧀), [[Pasisir Baron|Baron]] (Carakan: ꦧꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀) lan pegunungan, kalebu Kaliurang (Carakan: ꦏꦭꦶꦲꦸꦫꦁ.)<ref name=":0" /> Pemanfaatan Kaliurang dadi papan pasaréyan diwiwiti ing taun 1885, nalika Pangeran Adipati Mangkubumi mbangun pesanggrahan ing tlatah kasebut ing masa pamaréntahan Sultan Hamengkubuwana VII. Tlatah iki banjur ditetepaké dadi kawasan hunian liwat keputusan Rèsiden Yogyakarta nomer 927/42 tanggal 22 Januari 1919. Ing ngisor kepemimpinan Residen Jonquière, tlatah lor lan kuloning dalan Pakem tekan Kaliurang ditetepaké dadi lemah mardika (''vrijdomein''), mungkinaké pengalihan fungsi lahan kanggo kaperlon pembangunan. Perbaikan infrastruktur dalan lan anané pesanggrahan duwéné sultan nyurung patuwuhan Kaliurang dadi kawasan wisata. Ing taun 1925, kacathet ana 12 bungalow ing kawasan iki, lan cacah kasebut munggah dadi 14 ing taun sabanjuré. Ing 1930-an, bebrayan Walanda mbangun sawatara 30 bungalow pribadi sarta jaringan dalan semi ''permanèn'' kanggo nunjang aktivitas wisata.<ref name=":0" /> Perbaikan infrastruktur dalan lan anané pesanggrahan duwene sultan nyurung patuwuhan sawisé kam ardikan Indonesia, bungalow lan omah pasaréyan kang sadurungé diduwèni Kolonial dijupuk alih déning pandhudhuk lokal, kalebu pejabat saka sektor pakebonan kopi lan tebu. Salah siji gedhong bersejarah ing kawasan iki yaiku Hostèl Vogels, kang diwangun wataraning taun 1926 déning Pamarentah Kolonial Walanda. Gedhong iki banjur diduwèni déning Patih Danurejo VII, sadurungé dituku déning dr. Soékiman Wiryosanjoyo, kang tau njabat dadi Perdana Menteri Indonesia. Gedhong kasebut sempet digunakaké dening TNI AAU dadi papan pasaréyan nganti taun 1980.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/hostel-vogels/|title=Hostèl Vogels|last=Prasetyo|first=Himawan|date=2015-02-14|website=kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=2025-05-31}}</ref> Ing taun 1980-an, vila iki dituku déning Hisa Tanaka Abdul Rosyid, sawijining wong nagara Jepang, lan diowah dadi hostèl sarta réstoran.<ref name=":0" /> == Riwayat Panduwe Gedhong == Taun 1980, gedhong iki dituku déning Bapak Abdul Rosyid sing digunakaké dadi panginepan umum nganti saiki diwarisaké kanthi turun-temurun déning anake. Pengelola Hotel Vogels wektu iki ya iku kulawarga saka Abdul Rosid yaiku Bapak Cristian Awuy wiwiting taun [[1983]].<ref name=":0" /> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Sléman]] cbk7cfe6n0jpgyde4dtxqzl053pdb0b Dalem Pujiwati Sukendra 0 198699 1759898 1734057 2026-11-05T13:56:28Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759898 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dalem Pujiwati Sukendra''' ([[Aksara Carakan|carakan]]: ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦗꦶꦪꦮꦠꦶꦱꦸꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ; [[Basa Indhonésia|basa Indonésia]]: ''Rumah Pujiwati Sukendro'') kapérang dados wangunan utama kanggé papan panggènan lan wangunan pelayanan ingkang dipun gandhèngaken déning selasar. Saliyane punika, ugi wonten bangunan tambahan kados ta gilingan pari, kios bahan wangunan, saha gudang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/1013/rumah-pujiwati-sukendro|title=JOGJACAGAR {{!}} Sistem Informasi Cagar Budaya|website=jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id|access-date=2025-05-27}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Sléman]] 80b385du6sl99bnd86e0a0otuka3gn3 Kapanjèn Sanggrahan Berbah 0 198724 1760142 1734104 2026-11-06T04:16:51Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760142 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Bangunan Kepanjen Sanggrahan Berbah (1).jpg|jmpl|Wangunan Kapanjèn Sanggrahan Berbah]] '''Kapanjèn Sanggrahan Berbah''' punika dedunung wonten ing dhusun Sanggrahan, Kalurahan [[Tegaltirta, Berbah, Sléman|Tegaltirto]], Kecamatan [[Berbah, Sléman|Berbah]], [[Sléman, Sléman|Sleman]], [[Panagara Mirunggan Ngayogyakarta|Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]]. Wangunan punika kala semanten naté dipunginakaken kagem kantor Kecamatan Berbah. Taun [[2011]], wangunan punika dipunkosongaken ananging taksih dados darbèké Pamarentah Kecamatan Berbah. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/426/bangunan-kepanjen|title=JOGJACAGAR {{!}} Sistem Informasi Cagar Budaya|website=jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id|access-date=2025-06-02}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sejarah == Wiwitanipun wewangunan Kapanjén punika dados papan kagem kèndel para pangiring jenazah ratu-ratu [[Keraton Kartasura]] lan [[Kasunanan Surakarta|Surakarta]] nalika badhe dipunsarèkaken wonten ing [[Imagiri, Bantul|Imogiri]]. Tenaga manungsa taksih dipunginakaken kagem bekta jenazah ingkang dipunrewangi kaliyan kréta ingkang dipungèrèt jaran kala semanten. Ananging, amargi lelampahan ingkang tebih, para pangiring jenazah wau padha kèndel wonten [[Bangsal Palereman]] ing [[Prambanan, Sléman|Prambanan]] lan ugi wonten ing Kapanjèn Berbah. Sasampunipun wonten stasiun [[Kalasan, Sléman|Kalasan]], jenazah para ratu boten dipunbekta kagem krèta jaran malih, ugi para pangiring boten kèndel wonten ing Kapanjèn Berbah lan Bangsal Palereman Prambanan. Pasaréan [[Pakubuwana X]] taun [[1938]] miturut: Pawarti Surakarta, ginakaken sepur saking [[Stasiun Jebres]], dados papan kagem kèndel boten dipunprèlukaken. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/bangunan-kepanjen-di-sanggrahan-berbah-2|title=Bangunan Kepanjen di Sanggrahan Berbah|date=2020-06-25|website=Kebudayaan Sleman}}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kondhisi Wewangunan == Wangunan Kapanjèn Sanggrahan Berbah punika wewangunan tilasan saking [[Walanda]]. Saking corak arsitekturipun, kinten-kinten wewangunan menika dipunadegaken sesarengan kaliyan Stasiun Kalasan taun [[1929]]-[[1930]]. Kapanjèn Berbah punika dipunadegaken ngagem langgam Indis inggih punika campuran gaya [[Éropa|Eropa]] kaliyan gaya tradhisional lokal. Cirinipun inggih punika tapak wewangunanipun wiyar, plangitanipun dhuwur, cendhéla lan lawangipun ageng ingkang awujud ''louvre''/krepyak kaliyan vèntilasi (''bouvenlicht''), lan témbok ingkang kandel. Wewangunan punika taksih ginakaken komposisi ingkang asli, namung muwuhaken ing babagan cendhéla, kolom, payon, lan jrambah sarta plafon. <ref name=":0" /> == Wewengkon Kapanjèn == [[Barkas:Bangunan Kepanjen Sanggrahan Berbah.jpg|jmpl|Wangunan Kapanjèn Sanggrahan Berbah]] Wewangunan Utama Kapanjèn inggih punika awujud plangitan limasan ingkang kacampur kaliyan plangitan kampung wonten ing wuwuhan senthong ing wingking sisih wetan. Tatanipun wewangunan kaperang saking ruang ingkang menga wonten ngajeng, senthong wonten tengah, lan senthong wonten wingking kagem gudhang, senthong rencang, pawon, lan padusan. Wewangunan Utama kaperang dados: * Ruang ingkang menga gadhah gina kagem mertamu wonten ing ngajeng, ukuranipun 12,30m x 6,70m. * Senthong ingkang kaperang dados sekawan kagem sare, setunggal senthong wonten tengah kagem kaluwarga (tatanipun sami kaliyan Dalem Ageng Ambarukmo). Kalih senthong gadhah ukuran 4,60m x 4,10m, kalih senthong gadhah ukuran 4,50m x 4,10m, lan setunggal senthong kaluwarga gadhah ukuran 9,10m x 4,10m. * Senthong wonten wingking kaperang dados tiga, gudhang ukuranipun 3,50m x 2,825m, senthong kangge rencang, pawon, lan padusan ukuranipun 3,50m x 3,20m. Padusanipun kaperang dados kalih. * Wonten wingking wewangunan utama lan ngajeng senthong ing wingking wonten emperan. 2. Pavilium inggih punika wewangunan kanthi plangitan kampung. Papanipun wonten sisih kilèn Wewangunan Utama. Sapunika, dipunagem kangge ruang arsip. Pavilium gadhah ukuran 3,80m x 8,50m. Ing wewengkon Kapanjèn Berbah punika wonten wewangunan enggal ing sisih ngajeng, wetan, lan wingking. Wangunan enggal punika gadhah kemungkinan bucalaken wangunan lawas, amargi wonten ing ngajeng Wangunan Kepanen wonten [[Pendhapa]] enggal menawi saking arsitekturipun boten sami kaliyan wangunan lawas.<ref name=":0" /> == Sarat Wangunan Cagar Budaya == Wangunan Kapanjèn Sanggrahan Berbah punika saged dados Wangunan [[Cagar budaya ing Kabupatèn Sléman|Cagar Budaya]] amargi wangunan punika tandha tekti bilih wewangunan punika dados papan kagem kèndel para pangiring jenazah ratu-ratu Kraton Kartasura lan Surakarta, wangunan punika makili mangsa khas tandhanipun saking arsitekturipun lan wujud konstruksi saking tradhisional lan Indis, tingkat kangge dipuncilakakaken dhuwur amargi wangunanipun sampun dangu boten wonten ingkang manggon, wangunan menika tilaran mangsa kala semanten ananging taksih gadhahi yekti [[Arsitèktur|arsitektur]] lan [[konstruksi]], lan wangunan menika gadhah gegayutanipun kaliyan sejarah Pamarentah Kabupaten Sleman.<ref name=":1" /> == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] [[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Sléman]] 85xn6i0u4vagf96457chanob7g7i1lr Kantor Pulisi Séktor Berbah 0 198729 1760140 1759163 2026-11-06T04:14:56Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760140 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Kantor Polisi Sektor Berbah.jpg|jmpl|288x288px|Bangunan Cagar Budaya Kantor Polisi Sektor Berbah]] '''Kantor Pulisi Séktor Berbah''' ([[Aksara Carakan|carakan]]: ꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦥꦸꦭꦶꦱꦶꦱꦺꦏ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦧꦼꦂꦧꦃ) iku minangka salah sawijining wangunan cagar budaya ing Kabupatèn Sléman. Bangunan iki wiwit dipigunakaké wiwit taun 1957 lan saiki isih nglayani minangka kantor polisi sektor (Polsek) lan dadi saksi bisu perkembangan sejarah lokal ing jaman Kolonial nganti pascakemerdekaan. Kantor Pulisi Séktor Berbah, kang ana ing Sleman, Yogyakarta, jebul nduweni sejarah kang dawa. Bangunan iki sawijining bangunan [[Cagar budaya ing Kabupatèn Sléman|cagar budaya]] ing [[Kabupatèn Sléman|Kabupatèn Sleman]], [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]]. Lokasiné ana ing Dusun Teguhan,Kalurahan Kalitirto, Kapanéwon Berbah. Bangunan iki minangka salah siji tinggalan kolonial Walanda lan saiki isih digunakaké minangka kantor pulisi sektor Berbah. Kantor iki wis ditetepaké minangka Bangunan Cagar Budaya adhedhasar Keputusan Bupati Sleman taun 2019. == Sajarah == Bangunan iki asalé saka komplek papan panggonan pegawai Pabrik Gula Tanjung Tirto (Suiker Fabriek Tandjong Tirto), sawijining pabrik gula kolonial sing diadegaké antawis 1874–1922. Ing taun 1924, bangunan iki dadi omahé “ziender” utawa pangawas pabrik gula budaya Sawisé Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia, bangunan kasebut dipigunakaké déning tentara Walanda minangka tangsi militèr, kanthi komplek pabrik gula mau dadi markas. Nanging, nalika Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949, bangunan iki ditinggal lan dadi kosong nganti taun 1957. Wiwit ditetepaké Undang-Undang Pokok Pemerintahan Daerah No. I/1957, struktur polisi diowahi: Polda Yogyakarta dadi Distrik Kepolisian Yogyakarta lan kepolisian kecamatan diowahi dadi sektor polisi. Wiwit iku nganti saiki, bangunan fungsi dadi Kantor Polisi Sektor Berbah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.slemankab.go.id/post/bangunan-cagar-budaya-kantor-polisi-sektor-berbah|title=BANGUNAN CAGAR BUDAYA KANTOR POLISI SEKTOR BERBAH}}{{Pranala mati|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Arsitèktur == Bangunan iki ngemot karakteristik gaya '''Indis''', yaiku gabungan desain Éropah lan arsitektur lokal Jawa sing adaptasi kanthi iklim tropis. Wigati cathetan-catètnya:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eticon.co.id/arsitektur-indis/|title=Mengenal apa itu bangunan indis}}</ref> '''Bagian bangunan''' dipérang dadi papat: bangunan induk, paviliun samping, bangunan mburi (kamar mandi, gudang), lan bangunan tambahan '''Atap''': gaya campur (kampung + Indis), kanthi kerangka kayu, nok ditopang jurai lan kuda-kuda, usuk model duri ikan (ri gereh), lan genteng dipasang ing reng '''Jendela & Pintu''': ukuran gedhé kanggo ventilasi; pintu ruangan ngarep nganggo model kupu tarung lan panil kaca bening; bingkai lan tralis dipulas ireng, sedhela sisih jendhela lan daun jendhela pados coklat '''Tiang kayu''': rampung dicat coklat peteng, model meruncing saking dasar sing gedhé mèlu menyang pucuk luwih cilik; dihias pahatan motif geometris. Tiang dipundhukung 'duk' plesteran batubata lan bala gundul cat ireng-putih. Orientasi desain iki nuduhaké campur tangan arsitektur Eropa tropis karo filosofi lokal '''Plafon & Lantai''': plapon ing langit-langit ruangan digawe saka seng baja motif bergelombang putih, ana uga eternit; lantai awalé tegel abu-abu diganti terrazzo keramik putih 30 × 30 cm sakiwa‑tengené 2003 https://web.archive.org/web/20251003112840/https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/1000/kantor-polisi-sektor-berbah == Fungsi Saiki == Kantor iki saiki isih aktif minangka markas [[Kepolisian Sektor (Polsek) Berbah]]. Minangka kantor pelaksana keamanan lan ketertiban masyarakat, kantor iki nduwèni peran penting ing pelayanan publik.Sawetara ruangan digunakaké kanggo layanan publik, administrasi, lan gudang arsip. Kanthi perawatan lan panggunaan kang teratur, bangunan iki bisa lestari lan migunani terus. == Status Cagar Budaya == Bangunan iki resmi disahaké dadi Bangunan Cagar Budaya tingkat kabupaten miturut SK Bupati Sleman No. 6.13/Kep.KDH/A/2019 tanggal 1 Februari 2019. Kriteria penetepané kalebu: '''Nilai sajarah''': saksi perkembangan industri gula kolonial lan struktur kepolisian ing jaman awal republik. '''Nilai arsitèktural''': gaya Indis sing khas lan durung akèh bangunan padha sing lestari. '''Nilai ilmiah''': wigati dadi bahan kajian babagan arkeologi, sejarah, sosial, lan arsitektur. '''Nilai budaya''': dhasar identitas lokal lan potensial dadi tujuan edukatif utawa wisata sejarah. '''Tingkat ancaman''': awit fungsi lan tekanan peralihan, perlu dilestarekaké supaya ora ilang. Potensi degradasi iklim lokal lan owah fungsi dijaga liwat pelembagaan hukum sakteruse. == Pentingé Pelestarian == Pelestarian bangunan iki dadi tanggung jawab bebarengan antarane petugas polisi lan Dinas Kebudayaan Kab. Sleman. Sanadyan digunakaké saben dina, perlu pangawasan renovation sing njaga keaslian struktur lan elemen arsitèktur asline. Kesinambungan fungsi lan perawatan perlu dijaga, supaya bangunan tetep lestari lan dadi obyek wisata edukatif kang migunani kanggo generasi sabanjure. Masyarakat uga nduwe tanggung jawab kanggo nglestarekake, liwat publikasi, lan diteliti luwih jero babagan bangunan iki, supayane luwih akeh wong kang ngerti babagan sejarah bangunan cagar budaya iki == Pranala njero == * [[Cagar budaya ing Kabupatèn Sléman|Cagar budaya]] * [[Kabupatèn Sléman|Kabupatèn Sleman]] * [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]] * [[Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949]] == Referensi == [[Kategori:Adipusaka Project]] <references /> [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Sléman]] [[Kategori:Kepolisian Republik Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Ngayogyakarta]] [[Kategori:Sajarah Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Cagar Budaya]] e31c5q52fewaeeobyoy9kykub4ihjyv Naraguna:Rickardi Logan Jort Runturambi 2 198885 1760178 1759858 2026-11-06T06:14:11Z Jawainda 75350 /* */ 1760178 wikitext text/x-wiki JENENG: Rickardi Logan Jort Runturambi. Asring dipanggil kanthi julukan "Mayor Barok." ALAMAT: Tombatu, Minahasa Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia. PEKERJAAN: Perwira Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (TNI AD), agen intelijen, penembak jitu (sniper), lan politikus. STATUS: Informasi babagan garwa, putra-putri, tiyang sepuh, saha kulawarganipun dipunrahasiakaken. KAPEMIMPINAN: Komando Pasukan Rahasia, ingkang dipuncekak "Kopasrah." PANGREKSA: Dipunreksa dening Presiden lan para jenderal amargi sipat tugas-tugas nagarinipun. 8qo6oz7m5r38xbgqlmpfrxqvjv8mnai Ketut Permata Juliastid Sari 0 198889 1760165 1733130 2026-11-06T05:32:28Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760165 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Ketut Permata Juliastrid in Jakarta - Nov 2024.jpg|jmpl|Ketut Permata Juliastrid Sari minangka Miss Cosmo 2024]] '''Ketut Permata Juliastrid Sari''' utawa '''Tata''' (ꦑꦼꦠꦸꦠ꧀ꦦꦼꦂꦩꦠꦙꦸꦭꦶꦪꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦢ꧀ꦯꦫꦶ:[[Aksara Carakan|carakan]]) yaiku [[Putri Indonesia|Puteri Indhonésia Pariwisata]] 2024 uga Miss Cosmo 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20241007091313-277-1152358/mengenal-tata-juliastrid-wakil-indonesia-yang-juarai-miss-cosmo-2024?|title=Mengenal Tata Juliastrid, Wakil Indonesia yang Juarai Miss Cosmo 2024|work=gaya hidup|access-date=2025-08-02|language=id-ID}}</ref> Wanodya kalairan Bali,12 Juli 2003 iki kasil ngarumaké jeneng bangsa Indhonésia ing pasanggiri kasulistyan Miss Cosmo Internatioanal kapisan kang dianakaké ana ing negara [[Viètnam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/bali/berita/d-7164340/ketut-permata-juliastrid-sari-dinobatkan-jadi-puteri-indonesia-bali-2024|title=Ketut Permata Juliastrid Sari Dinobatkan Jadi Puteri Indonesia Bali 2024|last=Eka|first=Agus|website=detikbali|language=id-ID|access-date=2025-08-02|archive-date=2024-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128052810/https://www.detik.com/bali/berita/d-7164340/ketut-permata-juliastrid-sari-dinobatkan-jadi-puteri-indonesia-bali-2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sadurunge iki, Tata sing uga nduwèni paraban "Nur" amarga dhèwèké asalé saka Bali sing kondhong karo salah sawijiné panténé yaiku "Sanur" iki kasil makili Provinsi Bali ana ing pasanggiri kasulistyan Puteri Indhonesia 2024 lan kadhapuk dadi Puteri Indhonésia Pariwisata 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/bali/bali-bungah/d-7177159/cerita-juliastrid-jadi-puteri-indonesia-bali-2024-siap-berlaga-di-nasional|title=Cerita Juliastrid Jadi Puteri Indonesia Bali 2024, Siap Berlaga di Nasional|last=Eka|first=Agus|website=detikbali|language=id-ID|access-date=2025-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520120826/https://www.detik.com/bali/bali-bungah/d-7177159/cerita-juliastrid-jadi-puteri-indonesia-bali-2024-siap-berlaga-di-nasional|archive-date=2024-05-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kulawarga lan Pandhidhikan == Ketut Permata Juliastrid Sari lair saka kulawarga pasangan asli wong Bali, yaiku I Ketut Tawan lan Dwi Astuti "Wiwied".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://buleleng.pikiran-rakyat.com/pariwisata/pr-2017687276/puteri-indonesia-bali-2024-dituntut-ikut-promosikan-pariwisata-bali|title=Puteri Indonesia Bali 2024 Dituntut Ikut Promosikan Pariwisata Bali|last=Kusuma|first=Putu Ariek Putra Wijaya|website=Buleleng Post|language=id|access-date=2025-08-04}}</ref> Dhèwèké pancèn anak nomer papat, mulai diwènèhi jeneng "Ketut" sing miturut adat Bali iku dinggo anak sing nomer papat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://denpasar.kompas.com/read/2023/07/24/191023578/urutan-nama-orang-bali-dan-maknanya?page=all|title=Urutan Nama Orang Bali dan Maknanya|last=Setyaningrum|first=Puspasari|date=2023-07-24|website=Kompas.com|access-date=2025-08-04}}</ref> Tata cilik manggon ana ing Désa Sanur, Kutha Dènpadar, Provinsi Bali; désa Sanur désa kang kondhang marang pariwisatané ing Pulo Bali. Dhèwèké kawit 2022 njupuk pakuliyahan ana ing Institut Desain & Bisnis Bali jurusan D''esain Mode.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idbbali.ac.id/unggulan/ketut-permata-juliastrid-sari-mahasiswa-desain-mode-idb-bali-terpilih-sebagai-puteri-indonesia-pariwisata-2024-dan-the-most-authentic-dari-dpidamu/|title=Ketut Permata Juliastrid Sari, Mahasiswa Desain Mode IDB Bali terpilih sebagai Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata 2024 dan The Most Authentic dari DPIdaMU - IDB Bali|date=2024-03-15|website=www.idbbali.ac.id|language=id|access-date=2025-08-04}}</ref> Dhèwèké sadurungé uga njupuk pakuliyahan an ing ''Pendidikan Manajemen'', [[Universitas Udayana|Universitas Udhayana]] nanging wis ora aktif. [[Barkas:Puteri Indonesia 2024 winners as Ministry of Youth and Sports Ambassadors.jpg|jmpl|Astamara (Catur Puteri Indhonésia 2024)]] == Pasanggiri Kasulistyan == Ing babagan pasanggiri kasulistyan, Ketut Permata Juliastrid Sari miwiti lumantar mèlu pamilihan Puteri Indhonésia Bali ing wulan 27 Januari 2024 lan kasil makili provinsi Bali ing pamilihan tingkat nasional.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/profil-tokoh/biodata-ketut-permata-juliastrid-pemenang-miss-cosmo-2024-23fY6ytdvS3|title=Biodata Ketut Permata Juliastrid, Pemenang Miss Cosmo 2024|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|access-date=2025-08-05}}</ref> Ing dina Jumuwah, 8 Maret 2024 ing tingkat nasional Tata kasil kalebu Top 4 Puteri Indhonésia 2024 lan kanugrahan gelar Puteri Indhonésia Pariwisata 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20240309000559-277-1072421/daftar-lengkap-pemenang-puteri-indonesia-2024|title=Daftar Lengkap Pemenang Puteri Indonesia 2024|date=2024-03-09|website=CNN Indonesia.com|access-date=2025-08-06}}</ref> Kinanthi 3 juwara Puteri Indhonésia 2024 liyane Tata kasawijikaké dadi pakempalan sing diarani "Astamara", sing kasusun saka: Harastha Haifa Zahra minangka Puteri Indhonésia, Sophie Kirana minangka Puteri Indhonésia Lingkungan, Ketut Permata Juliastrid Sari minangka Puteri Indhonésia Pariwisata (dhèwèké dhéwé), lan Melati Tédja mingangka Puteri Indhonésia Pandhidhikan lan Kabudayaan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pageantempire.com/2024/12/22/astamara-batch-terbaik-puteri-indonesia/|title=Astamara, Batch Terbaik Puteri Indonesia|last=Irwansyah|date=2024-12-21|website=Pageant Empire Indonesia|language=en-US|access-date=2025-08-06}}</ref> == Rujukan == dyr7vfdx7u1sp7qsrxw3eaqr029l5t7 James Peace 0 199117 1760062 1758244 2026-11-05T23:46:56Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Jawa|꧁ꦗꦩ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦥꦶꦪꦺꦱ꧀꧂}} [[File:PhotoJames.jpg|thumb|James Peace ing Wiesbaden]] '''Kenneth James Peace''' lair wonten ing Paisley, tanggal [[28 Sèptèmber]] [[1963]]. Panjenenganipun punika satunggaling [[komponis]], pianis konser, lan [[seniman]] visual saking [[Sekotlan]].        == Biografi == James Peace lair wonten ing Paisley, Sekotlan, tanggal 28 Sèptèmber 1963.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110527164145/http://www.wiesbadener-tagblatt.de/region/wiesbaden/meldungen/10206548.htm Birgitta Lamparth. "Keine ‘stacheligen’ Klänge", Wiesbadener Tagblatt (koran Jerman), 10 Febuari 2011]</ref><ref name=":1">Julia Anderton. "Tango wie eine süß-saure Geschichte". Wiesbadener Kurier (koran Jerman), 24 Maret 2012</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://hojaderutadigital.mx/una-entrevista-al-compositor-james-peace/ |title=Soledad Carrizo-Araya. "Una entrevista al compositor James Peace". Hoja de Ruta Digital. Disyembre, 2022 |access-date=2024-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523121450/https://hojaderutadigital.mx/una-entrevista-al-compositor-james-peace/ |archive-date=2024-05-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Piyambakipun nglampahi agengipun wekdal alit wonten ing Helensburgh, satunggaling kutha pesisir ing sisih kulon Sekotland. Kulawarganipun kathah ingkang dados [[seniman]] (kados ta John McGhie), lan piyambakipun ugi kagungan hubungan kulawarga kaliyan Felix Burns, satunggaling komponis misuwur saking [[musik]] dansa ing separo kapisan abad kaping 20.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">Sabine Klein. "Meine Musik ist wie ich - sehr romantisch". Frankfurter Rundschau (koran Jerman), 1992, nomer 254, kaca 2</ref> Piyambakipun wiwit sinau [[piano]] nalika yuswa wolung taun, lan pagelaran umum kapisanipun lumampah nalika yuswa sekawan welas taun kanthi mainaken musik saking [[Scott Joplin]].<ref name=":2" /> Nalika yuswa nem belas taun, piyambakipun ditampi dados siswa paling enom ing ''Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama'' (ingkang sakmenika sinebat ''[[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland]]'') minangka siswa penuh wekdal.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">G. Müller. "Die Seele des Klaviers tanzt Tango". Kulturspiegel Wetterau (koran Jerman). Maret 2001, pahina 5</ref> Ing taun 1983 piyambakipun lulus saking Glasgow University kanthi gelar B.A. ing pangajaran piano.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Setahun salajengipun, piyambakipun pikantuk diploma ing babagan penampilan musik sasampunipun mainaken ''Piano Concerto No. 1'' anggitanipun Felix Mendelssohn sesarengan kaliyan [[orkestra]] RSAMD.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">"James Peace". ''FRIZZ'' (majalah Jerman), Januari 2001, kaca 5</ref> [[Barkas:James Peace - Idylls Op.4b.webm|pus|jmpl|393x393px|James Peace - Idylls Op.4b]] Sasampunipun rampung sinau formal, piyambakipun dados pianis ingkang kathah dipun jaluk, lan gesang wonten ing [[Edinburgh]] antawisipun taun 1988–1991.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> James Peace lajeng manggen wonten ing Bad Nauheim, [[Jerman]] ([[basa Jerman]]: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) wiwit taun 1991 dumugi 2009.<ref>Manfred Merz. "Virtuose, gefühlsbetonte Welt der Romantik", Wetterauer Zeitung (koran Jerman), 12 Desember 1992, kaca 19</ref><ref>"James Peace". The Tango Times (majalah wonten New York), Édisi 2002/2003 (39), kaca 1–5</ref> Wiwit taun 1998 piyambakipun miwiti sinau babagan Tango, lan ngasilaken CD ''Tango escocés'' (Tango Skotlandia) ingkang ngemot komposisi piano anggitanipun piyambak piyambak.<ref name=":6">[https://search.nls.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=44NLS_ALMA21615957400004341&context=L&vid=44NLS_VU1&lang=en_US&search_scope=SCOPE1&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&query=any,contains,Tango%20escoc%C3%A9s&mode=basic National Library of Scotland. ''Tango escocés''] </ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |url=https://pad.philharmoniedeparis.fr/pad/doc/ALOES/0795887/tango-escoces-scottish-tango-k-james-peace-comp-piano |title=Philharmonie de Paris. ''Tango escocés'' |access-date=2025-10-21 |archive-date=2025-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250928140339/https://pad.philharmoniedeparis.fr/pad/doc/ALOES/0795887/tango-escoces-scottish-tango-k-james-peace-comp-piano |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |url=https://www.muziekweb.nl/Link/KHX3103/Tango-escoc%C3%A9s |title=de bibliotheek. ''Tango escocés'' |access-date=2025-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250928195355/https://www.muziekweb.nl/Link/KHX3103/Tango-escoc%C3%A9s |archive-date=2025-09-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing taun 2002 piyambakipun dados anggota kehormatan Victoria College of Music.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9">"James Peace". La Cadena (majalah Belanda), September 2002, kaca 26</ref> Ing taun ingkang sami, piyambakipun nglaksanani tur konser solo wonten ing sisih lor Jerman (September–Oktober) lan dhateng wetan adoh (ing november), ing pundi piyambakipun maringi pagelaran kapisan Tango XVII anggitanipun piyambak piyambak wonten [[Hong Kong]].<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /><ref>''TangoTang'' (Hong Kong), Newsletter, 8 Oktober 2002</ref><ref>[https://www.scmp.com/article/393890/james-peace "James Peace". 南華早報 (koran ing Hong Kong), 9 Oktober 2002]</ref> [[Barkas:Tango Milonga op. 26.wav|kiri|jmpl|Tango Milonga op. 26]] [[Barkas:Tango XVIII by James Peace (James Peace, piano).wav|kiri|jmpl|Tango XVIII by James Peace (James Peace, piano)]] Sasampunipun punika, kathah pagelaran piyambakipun dipusataken wonten ing [[Éropa|Eropa]]. Piyambakipun sampun nate nampilaken karya tango anggitanipun piyambak piyambak wonten ing kitha-kitha krajan kados ta [[Amsterdam]], [[Aténa|Athéna]],<ref>Brosur program konser, Athéna ''{Για σένα Αγγελική}'', 27 April 2016</ref> [[Berlin]],<ref>Tangodanza (majalah Jerman), Édisi 1/2002 – 9</ref> [[Brussel]], [[Helsinki]],<ref>Poster konser (tur konser ing Finlandia, 2014)</ref> [[Lisabon]]<ref name=":2" /><ref>Poster konser (tur konser ing Portugal, 2016)</ref> [[London]], [[Madrid]],<ref name=":2" /><ref>Poster konser (tur konser ing Spanyol, ''¡Feliz Cincuenta Cumpleaños - 2013!'')</ref> [[Oslo]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://listen.no/event/konsert-kl-13-00-james-peace-flygel-tangos-romanticos-musikk-av-peace-piazzolla-albeniz-utstillingssalene-er-stengt |title=Listen.no. James Peace (flygel). Munch Museet, Oslo, 16 Oktober 2004 |access-date=2025-10-21 |archive-date=2020-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608114526/https://listen.no/event/konsert-kl-13-00-james-peace-flygel-tangos-romanticos-musikk-av-peace-piazzolla-albeniz-utstillingssalene-er-stengt |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Reykjavík]],<ref>[https://www.mbl.is/greinasafn/grein/823608/ Ríkarður Ö. Pálsson. "Skozkir Slaghörputangoár". Morgunblaðið (koran Islandia), 14 Oktober 2004]</ref> lan [[Wènen]].<ref>Brosur program konser (Wina), 23 Januari 2005</ref> Ing taun 2008 piyambakipun pikantuk pangajeng-ajeng dados anggota kehormatan London College of Music minangka pangalembana tumrap jasa-jasanipun ing jagad tango.<ref name=":10">[https://search.nls.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?vid=44NLS_VU1&tab=default_tab&docid=44NLS_ALMA21438757900004341&lang=en_US&context=L&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&query=any,contains,K.%20James%20Peace&mode=basic National Library of Scotland. ''K. James Peace in Wiesbaden'']</ref><ref name=":11">[https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=idn%3D1022200380 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. ''K. James Peace in Wiesbaden'']</ref><ref name=":12">[https://whittakerlive.blogspot.com/2012/05/new-dvd-interview-with-wiesbaden.html Whittaker Live. "Wiesbadener Highlander K. James Peace - New DVD"]</ref> Sasampunipun manggen sekedhap ing Edinburgh, piyambakipun wangsul dhateng Jerman ing wulan [[Fèbruari 2010|Februari 2010]] lan manggen ing [[Wiesbaden]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Lelampahan punika maringi inspirasi enggal tumrap karya kreatifipun, saha piyambakipun damel film-film cekak adhedhasar komposisi anggitanipun piyambak piyambak. Salah satunggaling karyanipun punika [[film]] dokumenter ''James Peace in Wiesbaden''.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" /> == Hadiah lan Pangajeng-ajeng == ●     Hadiah kapisan, Agnes Millar kompetisi. [[Glasgow]], 1983<ref name=":4" /> ●     Hadiah kapisan, Dunbartonshire EIS kompetisi. [[Glasgow]], 1984<ref name=":4" /> ●     Hadiah kapisan, Sibelius Essay Prize. [[Glasgow]], 1985<ref name=":4" /> ●     Diploma pakurmatan, TIM kompetisi. [[Roma]], 2000<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> ●     Diploma pakurmatan, IBLA Foundation. [[New York]], 2002<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> ●     Medhali pangeling, International Piano Duo Association. [[Tokyo]], 2002<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |url=http://ipda-pianoduo.com/composition-concour-list-english.html |title=International Piano Duo Association (東京), Daftar para pamenang hadiah, 2002 |access-date=2025-10-21 |archive-date=2020-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527164059/http://www.ipda-pianoduo.com/composition-concour-list-english.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ●     Medhali emas, Académie Internationale de Lutèce. [[Paris]], 2008<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Barkas:Cover page, Eternal Song Op.32 by James Peace (study score).png|jmpl|353x353px|Kaca panutup, Eternal Song (Lagu Abadi) Op.32 dening James Peace (skor sinau)]] == Pakaryan Pokokipun == ●     ''The Waterfall (Grojogan)''<ref>Hessisches Staatstheater. Brosur program konser, 12/19 September 2021</ref> ●     ''Idylls (Serenada Énjing)'' ●     ''Lento Lacrimoso (Luhing Meneng)'' ●     ''Forgotten Leaves (Godhong Kasepéan)'' ●     ''Ceremonial March No.1 (Ladrang Upacara no.1)'' ●     ''Ceremonial March No.2 (Ladrang Upacara no.2)'' ●     ''Autumn Gold (Emas Mangsa Gugur)''<ref>"Violine schwebt über das Orchester". Schwäbische Post (koran Jerman), 4 Juni 1994</ref> ●     ''Eternal Song (Tembang Langgeng)''<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://search.nls.uk/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9935400923804341&context=L&vid=44NLS_INST:44NLS_VU1&lang=en&search_scope=MainCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&query=any,contains,James%20peace&mode=basic National Library of Scotland. ''Eternal Song Op.32, Peace, K. James'']</ref> ●     "Kangge [[Géorgia|Georgia]]" (basa Géorgia: საქართველოსთვის)          (lirik: Tamari Chikvaidze, Zurabi Chikvaidze lan James Peace) ●     24 Ténggo Kangge Piano Tunggal<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" /><ref>[https://www.britishviolasociety.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Latest-news-from-the-British-Viola-Society.-August-2023-compressed.pdf ''British Viola Society'', Koran, Agustus 2023] </ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240522135254/https://hojaderutadigital.mx/una-corta-historia-del-tango/ Hoja de Ruta Digital, México. "Una corta historia del tango", 22 Komon, 2024]</ref><ref>[https://search.nls.uk/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9941547953804341&context=L&vid=44NLS_INST:44NLS_VU1&lang=en&search_scope=MainCatalogue&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&query=any,contains,James%20peace&mode=basic National Library of Scotland. ''Tangos op.33, Peace, K. James'']</ref> == Pranala Njawi == [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcMRNnwNJhk&list=RDZcMRNnwNJhk&start_radio=1 Lento Lacrimoso - ''youtube''] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSX1c8EUukg&list=RDsSX1c8EUukg&start_radio=1 Souvenir de Buenos Aires - ''youtube''] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VKxG2dmQn4&list=RD_VKxG2dmQn4&start_radio=1 Autumn Gold - ''youtube''] == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Tokoh Britania Raya]] [[Kategori:Lair 1963]] [[Kategori:Komponis]] 3jy7btiuoaudwinl41fwj3uaubynx63 Darma Palungguhan Raja 0 199285 1759900 1737994 2026-11-05T14:09:40Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1759900 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Darma Palungguhan Raja''' inggih punika sawijining konsep kaprajan, kaendahan moral, lan tatanan filsafati ing budaya Jawa ingkang nyariyosaken bab kewajiban, laku utama, lan paugeran luhur ingkang kedah dipun-ginaaken dening sawijining raja nalika lenggah wonten ing dhampar kakuwasan. Ing sajroning tradhisi keprabon Jawa, raja boten namung dados panguwasa politik, nanging ugi minangka ''pepundhen nagara'', pangreksa tata tentreming praja, lan pralambang harmoni antawisipun jagad ageng lan jagad alit. Mula saka punika, darma kangge raja dipunwastani minangka ''tuntunan batin'' ingkang kudu ngreksa kesucian laku, kajembaran pamikir, lan keadilan tumrap kawula ing nagara. Konsep punika wus kawentar wiwit jaman Karaton Medhang, tumuju marang Kamaharajan Mataram, lan ngrembaka ngantos kapanggih wonten ing piwulang-piwulang karaton ing jaman modern.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KSATRIA JAWA KAJIAN TENTANG ETIKA, MORAL DAN TRADISI KEPRAJURITAN JAWA DI MASA MATARAM|url=http://eprints.undip.ac.id/21694/|website=eprints.undip.ac.id|date=1997|access-date=2025-12-02|first=Sigit Wahyudi,|last=Sariana|first2=Priyanto,|last2=Supriya}}</ref> Sawijining raja, miturut ajaran Darma Palungguhan, kedah saged ngreksa ''triloka: jagad dhuwur, jagad madya, lan jagad ngandhap''. Tegesipun, raja dipunanggep minangka wujud pangantuk antawisipun kekiyatan ilahi kaliyan donya manungsa. Mula, laku darma raja boten namung dipuntujokake wonten ing ranah administratif, nanging ugi ing ranah spiritual, moral, lan sosial. Ing tradhisi Jawa, raja ingkang ngladosi darma kanthi sampurna badhe dipunsebat minangka ''Ratu Adil'', pralambang dhawah ingkang dipunantos-antos dening kawula amargi saged ngatur nagara kanthi adil, tentrem, lan makmur.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Riwayat Politik Dinasti|url=https://www.historia.id/article/riwayat-politik-dinasti-p0kng|website=Historia.ID|date=2020-07-29|access-date=2025-12-02|language=id|first=Risa Herdahita|last=Putri}}</ref> === Darma kamakmuran lan kawicaksanan === Salah satunggaling darma utama ing palungguhan raja yaiku '''ngreksa kamakmuran nagara'''. Raja samesthine saged ndamel kawicaksanan ing babagan tetanen, padagangan, pamaréntahan tanah, lan tata ekonomi supaya rakyat saged gesang makmur saha boten kekurangan. Ing serat-serat kuna, kados ''Serat Nitipraja'' utawi ''Serat Wulangreh'', kamakmuran nagara dipunanggep minangka pratandha yèn raja wus nglakoni darma kanthi bener. Raja ingkang adil badhe mbagekaken pajeg kanthi leres, mbangun sistem irigasi, ngreksa pasar, lan nyengkuyung para pandhèrèk usaha supados remen makarya lan boten gumantung dhateng kekiyatan asing.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Konsep kekuasaan Jawa menurut Serat Nitipraja|url=https://jurnal.uny.ac.id/index.php/kejawen/article/view/72990|journal=Kejawen|date=2013|issn=1858-294X|pages=98–112|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.21831/kejawen.v4i1.72990|language=en|first=Purwadi|last=Purwadi}} {{Pranala mati|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kajawi punika, darma kamakmuran ugi nyakup perlindungan tumrap lingkungan alam. Amargi raja minangka wakil jagad, piyambakipun wajib ngreksa alas, lemah, kali, lan tetuwuhan kagem kakiyatan ekologis nagara. Ing piwulang Jawa, rusaking alam asring dipuningkoni minangka pratandha bilih raja nindakaken kalepatan. Mula, kearifan ekologis dados bagian wigati wonten ing Darma Palungguhan Raja. === Darma keadilan === Wonten ing konsep darma, '''adil''' punika unsur paling utama ing tatanan keprabon. Raja boten pareng nuwuhaken anané keberpihakan kang nguntungaken sedaya tiyang ingkang cedhak kaliyan dhampar. Adil ing tataran Jawa ateges ngladosi kabèh rakyat tanpa mbedakaké drajat, praja alit, bangsawan, pedagang, utawi santri. ''Nata'' ing basa Jawa ateges nyusun lan nglurusaké, saéngga raja minangka ''panata praja'' kedah saged ngatur kabèh urusan kanthi prinsip bener lan mligi. Para pujangga ngandharaken bilih raja adil dados ''payunging bawana'', ingkang ngreksa rakyat saking ancaman, ketidakpastian, lan prakara ingkang damel cilaka.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nilai-Nilai Moral yang Terdapat dalam Cerita Hikayat dan Penjelasannya - Adjar|url=https://adjar.grid.id/read/544167331/nilai-nilai-moral-yang-terdapat-dalam-cerita-hikayat-dan-penjelasannya|work=Adjar|access-date=2025-12-02|language=id}}</ref> Raja ingkang adil ugi dipunmirsani lumantar cara piyambakipun nanggapi salah lan bener. Piyambakipun boten pareng mbandingake kalepatan rakyat alit langkung atos tinimbang kalepatan para bangsawan, amargi hal punika badhe nuwuhaken ''srana rusaking praja''. Ing sejarah Jawa, rubuhipun sawetara karaton asring dipunterangaken déning para pujangga amargi raja boten malih ngugemi darma keadilan punika. === Darma kepriyayèn lan kesusilan === Darma sanès ingkang boten saged dipunpisahaken yaiku '''kesusilan''' lan laku kepriyayèn raja. Raja kedah saged ndadosaken pribadining dhiri minangka panutan tumrap kawula amargi saben lampah raja dipunwastani kagungan teges politis lan moral. Wong Jawa kagungan pepindhan, ''“ing ngarsa sung tuladha, ing madya mangun karsa, tut wuri handayani,”'' ingkang nyariyosaken bilih raja kedah paring tuladha laku utama.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Moral Philosophy of Capitalism In the View of the Javanese Islamic Trade Ethos|url=https://journal.walisongo.ac.id/index.php/teologia/article/view/6862|journal=Jurnal Theologia|date=2020-12-20|issn=2540-847X|pages=165–184|volume=31|issue=2|doi=10.21580/teo.2020.31.2.6862|language=en|first=Daryono|last=Daryono|first2=Suparman|last2=Syukur}}</ref> Kesusilan raja nyakup kabecikan budi, kerendahan hati, kasabaran, lan pengendalian dhiri supaya boten kagoda déning prakara-prakara kedonyan kados harta, wanita, lan kekiyatan politik. Para raja Jawa ing jaman rumiyin asring dipun-punjeraken ing laku tapa, semedi, lan tirakat minangka sarana ngolah batin supados gadhah kekuatan moral ing ngatur praja.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Moral Philosophy of Capitalism In the View of the Javanese Islamic Trade Ethos|url=https://journal.walisongo.ac.id/index.php/teologia/article/view/6862|journal=Jurnal Theologia|date=2020-12-20|issn=2540-847X|pages=165–184|volume=31|issue=2|doi=10.21580/teo.2020.31.2.6862|language=en|first=Daryono|last=Daryono|first2=Suparman|last2=Syukur}}</ref> === Darma ketentreman lan pakaryan diplomasi === Raja ingkang njumeneng dhampar ugi kagungan darma ing '''ngreksa tentreming nagara''', kados tentreming kabudayan, politik, lan hubungan antar-nagara. Ing tradhisi Jawa, raja dipunserat minangka ''pangayom praja'', ''panatagama'', lan ''pangrengkuh pasisiran'', ingkang maknani bilih piyambakipun wajib ngatur hubungan internal lan eksternal kanthi alus, wijaksana, lan adhedhasar kahanan nyata. Wonten ing babagan diplomasi, raja kedah saged nyambung rasa, adicara, lan rembugan kaliyan nagara sanès, supados kedadosan perang saged dipunendheg lan perdagangan antarnagara saged mlaku kanthi lancar. Ing serat-serat Jawa, para raja ingkang berhasil nindakake diplomasi alus sok dipunparingi sebutan ''nagara gung binathara'', tegesipun nagara ingkang dikasihi para dewa amargi saged ngreksa katentreman bawana.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=ANALISIS UNSUR INTRINSIK DAN NILAI MORAL DALAM NASKAH KETOPRAK SEMBOJA KAPUGERAN KARYA BONDAN NUSANTARA|url=https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/sab/article/view/61886|journal=Sabdasastra : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Jawa|date=2020-09-30|issn=2986-3074|pages=134–145|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.20961/sabpbj.v4i1.61886|language=indonesia|first=Alifah Ronna|last=Anggraeni|first2=Raheni|last2=Suhita|first3=Favorita|last3=Kurwidaria}}</ref> === Darma ilmu lan kawruh batin === Raja ingkang ngladosi palungguhan kedah nyekapi kawruh minangka '''pilar kekuasaan'''. Tanpa ilmu, raja badhe kesrimpet déning para penasihat lan boten saged nyawisaken putusan bijaksana. Mula, darma kawruh nyakup kaprigelan raja ing sejarah, pemerintahan, peperangan, tata tani, kasastran, ubarampe adat, spiritualitas, lan filsafat.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Pengaruh Etika Jawa Terhadap Perilaku Sopan Santun Siswa Kelas VIII MTs Nurul Ilmi Bategede Jepara Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 Dilihat dari Perspektif Religiusitas|url=https://ejournal.ibntegal.ac.id/index.php/latahzan/article/view/123|journal=La-Tahzan: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam|date=2021-05-25|issn=2615-4471|pages=1–18|volume=13|issue=1|doi=10.62490/latahzan.v13i1.123|language=en|first=Zahrotul|last=Fitriyah}}</ref> Ing Jawa, raja dipunpepet déning para pujangga, abdi dalem, pandita, lan empu ingkang paring piwulang, saéngga raja saged ngukuhake kapinteranipun. Kawruh batin minangka bagian wigati saking darma raja, amargi raja dipunanggep minangka ''titisan wahyu'', lan wahyu punika boten badhe langgeng tanpa kesiapan batin. Serat-serat kados ''Wahyu Makutha Rama'', ''Sabdapalon'', lan ''Jogoboyo'' ngandharaken bilih rajabrana kedah bisa ngendhaleni rasa supados panguwasan boten malih dados tirani.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Pengaruh Etika Jawa Terhadap Perilaku Sopan Santun Siswa Kelas VIII MTs Nurul Ilmi Bategede Jepara Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 Dilihat dari Perspektif Religiusitas|url=https://ejournal.ibntegal.ac.id/index.php/latahzan/article/view/123|journal=La-Tahzan: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam|date=2021-05-25|issn=2615-4471|pages=1–18|volume=13|issue=1|doi=10.62490/latahzan.v13i1.123|language=en|first=Zahrotul|last=Fitriyah}}</ref> === Darma pakaryan budaya === Budaya Jawa ngelingaken bilih raja ugi kagungan tugas '''ngreksa kabudayan''' minangka warisan luhur. Laku punika kalebet pangayoman karawitan, pedalangan, tembang, pakaryan ukir, tata busana, lan adicara adat. Raja ingkang ngreksa budaya badhe dipuntingal déning jaman salajengipun minangka raja mumpuni. Ing jaman mataram, raja-raja kados Panembahan Senapati, Sultan Agung, lan Paku Buwana IV misuwur amargi nyumbangaken perkembangan budaya Jawa modern. === Darma pangayoman rakyat === Lajeng, darma paling dhasar ing palungguhan raja yaiku '''pangayoman rakyat'''. Raja dados pepadhang ing petenging gesang, ngreksa rakyat saking kabegal, pageblug, kelaparan, lan cabrakan politik. Rakyat ingkang rumangsa kaayomi badhe paring kasetyan total dhumateng raja. Nanging bilih raja abai, rakyat saged ngalami sengsara, lan negara saged rubuh. Mula, pangayoman minangka inti hubungan spiritual antawisipun raja lan praja. === Darma spiritual lan wahyu keprabon === Ing pungkasan, Darma Palungguhan Raja tansah gegandhèngan kaliyan '''wahyu keprabon'''. Raja punika dipuntingali boten namung minangka panguwasa politik, nanging uga minangka makhluk ingkang katembusan cahyaning Ilahi. Wahyu badhe mudhun tumrap wong ingkang netepi darma kanthi sampurna: adil, waskitha, luhur budi, lan ngreksa kawula. Wahyu punika pralambang bilih raja sah lan dipunsuhuni roh karahayon nagara. == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Raja Jawa]] 1565fxmc03by5rb29vb944dl355mnsb Downton Abbey: A New Era 0 200163 1759918 1747176 2026-11-05T15:38:18Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1759918 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Downton Abbey- A New Era Premiere 159A3558 (52083222609).jpg|thumb|Sawetara paraga ''Downton Abbey: A New Era'' nalika kababar kapisan (2022)]] '''''Downton Abbey: A New Era''''' iku [[film drama sajarah]] taun 2022 sing disutradarani déning [[Simon Curtis (sutradara film)|Simon Curtis]] saka skénario déning [[Julian Fellowes]]. Film iki terusan utawa sekuel saka ''[[Downton Abbey (film)|Downton Abbey]]'' (2019) lan film kapindho ing waralaba [[Downton Abbey|''Downton Abbey'']]. Film kaping telu lan pungkasan, ''[[Downton Abbey: The Grand Finale]]'', dirilis tanggal 12 September 2025. Latar wuriné taun 1928, film iki ngetutaké kulawarga Crawley olèhé plesiran menyang sisih kidul Prancis kanggo mbukak misteri villa warisan Dowager Countess sing mentas séda. Sawisé dirilis film kapisam ing taun 2019, Fellowes lan para paraga nyatakaké yèn dhèwèké wis nduwé idhé babagan nggawe terusané. Ing Januari 2020, dilapuraké yèn Fellowes bakal miwiti nggarap film iku, lan tembé ing sasi Sèptèmber, diandharaké yèn naskah kanggo film iku wis ditulis. Syuting diwiwiti ing tengahan April 2021, lan rampung ing sasi Juli, kanthi anggaran produksi $40 yuta. Judhul kasebut diwarakaké ing sasi candhaké. ''Downton Abbey: A New Era'' ditayangaké kapisan ing [[Odeon Luxe Leicester Square]] ing London tanggal 25 April 2022 lan dibabar ing Inggris tanggal 29 April lan ing Amérika Sarékat tanggal 20 Mei déning [[Focus Features]].<ref name="deadline-jan22-change">{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/downton-abbey-a-new-era-release-date-change-theatrical-1234920102/|title='Downton Abbey: A New Era' Tanggal Rilis Dilih Dadi Awal Musim Panas|last=D'Allesandro|first=Anthony|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=26 Januari 2022|access-date=28 Januari 2022|archive-date=4 Maret 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304095346/https://deadline.com/2022/01/downton-abbey-a-new-era-release-date-change-theatrical-1234920102/|url-status=live}}</ref> Film iki umume nampa ulasan positif saka para kritikus lan entuk penghasilan kotor $92,7 yuta ing saindenging jagad. == Para paraga== * [[Nathalie Baye]] minangka Marquise de Montmirail<ref name=Montmirail>{{cite web|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/cinema-hollywood-glamour-touches-lives-140000290.html|title=Cinema: Glamor Hollywood ndemek urip kulawarga Crawley ing Downton Abbey|last1=Smith|first1=Damon|work=[[Yahoo!]]|date=30 April 2022|access-date=13 Mei 2022|archive-date=13 Mei 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513170359/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/cinema-hollywood-glamour-touches-lives-140000290.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Hugh Bonneville]] minangka Robert Crawley, Earl Grantham kaping 7<ref name=CinemaCon>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/08/downton-abbey-2-movie-trailer-cinemacon-focus-universal-1234822227/|title=Sekuel 'Downton Abbey' Entuk Judhul lan Cuplikan Teaser ing CinemaCon|last1=Tartaglione|first1=Nancy|last2=D'Allesandro|first2=Anthony|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=25 Agustus 2021|access-date=28 Agustus 2021|archive-date=26 Januari 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126212325/https://deadline.com/2021/08/downton-abbey-2-movie-trailer-cinemacon-focus-universal-1234822227/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Laura Carmichael]] minangka Edith Pelham, Marchioness saka Hexham<ref name=CinemaCon /> * [[Jim Carter (aktor)|Jim Carter]] minangka Charles Carson<ref name=CinemaCon /> * [[Raquel Cassidy]] minangka Phyllis Baxter<ref name="Screen Rant">{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/downton-abbey-new-era-cast-returning-characters/|title=Downton Abbey: Era Anyar - Saben Karakter sing Bali Dikonfirmasi|last=Orquiola|first=John|work=[[Screen Rant]]|date=16 November 2021|access-date=16 November 2021|archive-date=22 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122173648/https://screenrant.com/downton-abbey-new-era-cast-returning-characters/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Brendan Coyle]] minangka John Bates<ref name=TVLine>{{cite web|url=https://tvline.com/2021/11/10/downton-abbey-sequel-footage-watch-new-era-video/|title=Downton Abbey: A New Era: Tonton Crawleys Bali ing Cuplikan Pisanan Saka Sekuel Layar Gedhe, Bakal Terbit 2022|pungkasan=Swift|pisanan=Andy|karya=[[TVLine]]|tanggal=10 November 2021|tanggal-akses=11 November 2021|tanggal-arsip=15 November 2021|arsip-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115035959/https://tvline.com/2021/11/10/downton-abbey-sequel-footage-watch-new-era-video/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Hugh Dancy]] minangka Jack Barber<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.focusfeatures.com/article/twiter_downton-abbey-a-new-era_trailer/|title=Downton Abbey: Era Anyar—Tanggal Anyar, Trailer Anyar, Lan Karakter Anyar|website=Fitur Fokus|tanggal-akses=27 Februari 2022|tanggal-arsip=27 Februari 2022|arsip-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227024839/https://www.focusfeatures.com/article/twiter_downton-abbey-a-new-era_trailer/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Michelle Dockery]] minangka Lady Mary Talbot<ref name=CinemaCon /> * [[Kevin Doyle (aktor)|Kevin Doyle]] minangka Joseph Molesley<ref name=Cast2>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/downton-abbey-a-new-era-teaser-trailer-first-photos-1234871364/|title='Downton Abbey: A New Era': Pratinjau Teaser & Foto Tampilan Pertama; Trailer 'Belfast' Bakal Diputer ing Bioskop Akhir Pekan Iki|first=Nancy|last=Tartaglione|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=10 November 2021|access-date=10 November 2021|archive-date=22 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122141640/https://deadline.com/2021/11/downton-abbey-a-new-era-teaser-trailer-first-photos-1234871364/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Michael C. Fox|Michael Fox]] minangka Andy Parker<ref name=Cast2 /> * [[Joanne Froggatt]] minangka Anna Bates<ref name=TVLine /> * [[Harry Hadden-Paton]] minangka Herbert "Bertie" Pelham, Marquess of Hexham<ref name=Cast2 /> * [[Laura Haddock]] minangka Myrna Dalgleish<ref name=Cast2 /> * [[Robert James-Collier]] minangka Thomas Barrow<ref name=TVLine /> * [[Allen Leech]] minangka Tom Branson<ref name=Cast2 /> * [[Phyllis Logan]] minangka Elsie Carson<ref name=TVLine /> * [[Elizabeth McGovern]] minangka Cora Crawley, Countess of Grantham<ref name=CinemaCon /> * [[Sophie McShera]] minangka Daisy Parker<ref name=Cast2 /> * [[Tuppence Middleton]] minangka Lucy Branson<ref name=Cast2 /> * [[Lesley Nicol (aktris)|Lesley Nicol]] minangka Beryl Patmore<ref name=Cast2 /> * [[Maggie Smith]] minangka Violet Crawley, Dowager Countess of Grantham<ref name=CinemaCon /> * [[Imelda Staunton]] minangka Maud, Lady Bagshaw<ref name=Cast2 /> * [[Dominic West]] minangka Guy Dexter<ref name= DH /> * [[Penelope Wilton]] minangka Isobel Grey, Lady Merton<ref name=Cast2 /> * [[Jonathan Zaccaï]] minangka Edouard, Marquis de Montmirail<ref name=Montmirail /> * [[Samantha Bond]] minangka Lady Rosamund Painswick<ref name=Cast2 /> * [[Sue Johnston]] minangka Gladys Denker<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/celebrity-news/1513696/Sue-Johnston-pet-dog-The-Cockfields/|title=Bintang sit-com Sue Johnston ngendika yen syuting nalika asune dipateni minangka perkara sing paling angel|website=The Express|tanggal=29 Oktober 2021 |tanggal-akses=27 Februari 2022|tanggal-arsip=26 Januari 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126091912/https://www.express.co.uk/celebrity-news/1513696/Sue-Johnston-pet-dog-The-Cockfields|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Douglas Reith]] minangka Richard "Dickie" Grey, Lord Merton<ref name=Cast2 /> * [[Paul Copley]] minangka Albert Mason<ref name=Cast2 /> * [[David Robb]] minangka Dr Richard Clarkson<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/downton-abbey-a-new-era-1235134390/|title='Downton Abbey: A New Era': Resensi Film|tanggal-akses=8 Mei 2022|tanggal=25 April 2022|penerbit=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=David|last=Rooney|tanggal-arsip=8 Mei 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508114531/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/downton-abbey-a-new-era-1235134390/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Alex Macqueen]] minangka Pak Stubbins<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/movies/news/watch-downton-abbey-meet-the-new-characters-20220422-2|title=Downton Abbey: ketemu karo karakter anyar|website=news24|access-date=3 Mei 2022|archive-date=3 Mei 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503161344/https://www.news24.com/channel/movies/news/watch-downton-abbey-meet-the-new-characters-20220422-2|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Jonathan Coy]] minangka George Murray<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://watchward.com/movies/0y5qwmyj/downton-abbey-a-new-era-movie-2022-trailer-plot-cast-release-date-6f8dc|title=Film''Downton Abbey: A New Era'' (2022)|website=WatchWard|tanggal-akses=27 Februari 2022|tanggal-arsip=27 Februari 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227030302/https://watchward.com/movies/0y5qwmyj/downton-abbey-a-new-era-movie-2022-trailer-plot-cast-release-date-6f8dc|url-status=live}}</ref> * Charlie Watson minangka Albert<ref name="auto"/> ==Réferènsi== {{reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== {{wikiquote|Downton Abbey: A New Era}} * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb title}} [[Kategori:Film taun 2022]] [[Kategori:Downton Abbey]] nb68w9vp6km8vy7r0c8g8w2cc1udvjx Manon Bannerman 0 200306 1760258 1748715 2026-11-06T10:14:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760258 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Manon 240913 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Manon (2024)]] '''Meret Manon Sarpong Bannerman''' (lair 26 Juni 2002), utawa uga ditepungi minangka '''Manon''' waé,<ref>{{Cite web |last=InMusic |date=2026-04-15 |title=Will Manon Be on KATSEYE’s New EP “WILD”? |url=https://inmusicblog.com/news/katseye-wild-ep-manon-absence/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=InMusic |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dailey |first=Hannah |date=2026-04-15 |title=KATSEYE Announces New EP ‘Wild’ Amid Manon’s Hiatus: Here’s When It Arrives |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/katseye-new-ep-wild-release-date-manon-hiatus-1236223485/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 16, 2026 |last=Noronha |first=Karen |title=Final goodbye or giving fans hope? Manon's message on Weverse amid KATSEYE's new 5-member comeback creates chaos |url=https://poprant.indiatimes.com/trending/final-goodbye-or-giving-fans-hope-manons-message-on-weverse-amid-katseyes-new-5-member-comeback-creates-chaos/articleshow/130305827.html |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=PopRant |language=en}}</ref> iku penyanyi Switserlan. Dhèwèké miwiti karièré déné olèhé main ing médhia sosial [[Instagram]] lan [[TikTok]]. Minangka penyanyi, dhèwèké dadi artis Kulit Ireng kapisan sing nèken kontrak karo sawijiné label Hybe, lan ndhébut minangka anggota grup kanya [[Katseye]] ing taun 2024, lan kawangun sawisé kompetisi acara réaliti TV Dream Academy ing taun 2023. == Urip awal == Bannerman lair tanggal 26 Juni 2002, in [[Lucerne]], Switserlan, ibuné wong Switserlan-Italu lan bapané wong [[Ghana]].<ref name="SCH-ILL">{{cite news |last1=Krause-Blouin |first1=Jacqueline |title=Meret Manon Bannerman - Internationales Pop-Idol aus Zürich |trans-title=Meret Manon Bannerman - International Pop Idol from Zurich |url=https://www.schweizer-illustrierte.ch/people/swiss-stars/internationales-pop-idol-aus-zurich-661886 |date=December 2, 2023 |work=[[Schweizer Illustrierte]] |language=de-ch |access-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004822/https://www.schweizer-illustrierte.ch/people/swiss-stars/internationales-pop-idol-aus-zurich-661886 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="GirlsUnited">{{cite web |last1=William |first1=Malik |title=Manon Bannerman Is Ready For The World To Know Her Life's Destiny |url=https://girlsunited.essence.com/entertainment/katseye-manon-bannerman/ |website=Girls United |date=November 13, 2024 |publisher=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence]] |access-date=December 24, 2024}}</ref> She was raised in [[Zurich]], where she spent most of her childhood. She has one older sister.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wickes |first1=Hanna |title=Who Is Manon Bannerman? Meet the Viral Katseye Member From Switzerland |url=https://www.j-14.com/posts/meet-katseyes-manon-bannerman-age-nationality-more/ |website=j-14.com |date=August 22, 2024 |publisher=[[J-14]] |access-date=January 5, 2025 |archive-date=February 13, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213120730/https://www.j-14.com/posts/meet-katseyes-manon-bannerman-age-nationality-more/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dhèwèké bisa [[basa Inggris]], [[basa Jerman Switserlan|Jerman Switserlan]] lan [[basa Jerman|Jerman baken]].<ref name=metro>{{cite web |last1=Martinez |first1=Lance Joseph |title=10 Interesting Facts About Katseye's Manon That May Surprise You |url=https://metro.style/people/2026/2/23/10-interesting-facts-about-katseye-s-manon-that-may-surprise-you-2120 |website=Metro Style |publisher=[[ABS CBN]] |date=23 February 2026}}</ref> Nalika umuré patang taun, dhèwèké wis kepéngin mentas ing panggung.<ref name="TagesAnzeiger2023">{{cite news |last=Fischer |first=Martin |title="Ich durfte ein Jahr lang niemandem davon erzählen" |trans-title="I wasn't allowed to tell anyone about it for a year" |url=https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/dream-academy-schafft-es-manon-21-aus-zuerich-ins-naechste-grosse-popding-526002515886 |date=November 15, 2023 |work=[[Tages-Anzeiger]] |language=de-ch |access-date=October 20, 2025}}</ref> Bapané ngarani awaké "[[Beyoncé]]", madhakaké impèné kepénging dadi artis karo penyanyi Amérika Sarékat iki.<ref name="SCH-ILL"></ref> Jeneng jangkepé Meret Manon Sarpong Bannerman.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kandangwa |first1=Sumnima |title=Meet Manon Bannerman, whose hiatus from Katseye has fans worried |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/people/celebrities/article/3344570/meet-manon-bannerman-whose-hiatus-katseye-sparking-fan-concern |website=South China Morning Post |language=en |date=25 February 2026}}</ref><ref name="WV">{{cite AV media |people=[[Katseye]] |date=December 13, 2024 |title=live with peanutbutterlover02 |type=[[live stream]] |language=EN |url=https://weverse.io/katseye/live/1-153469654 |access-date= |archive-url= |archive-date= |format= |time= |location= |publisher=[[Weverse]], [[Hybe]] |quote= "My first name is Meret, my ... middle name is Manon ... I also have a second middle name, Sarpong, which is my Ghanaian name."}}</ref> While spending a year as an exchange student in [[Los Angeles]], she began going by her middle name, "Manon", due to her classmates pronouncing her given name, "Meret", strangely.<ref name="TagesAnzeiger2023"></ref> "Sarpong" is her Ghanaian name.<ref name="WV" /> Bannerman lunga menyang sekolah ''{{ill|Atelierschule|de|Atelierschule Zürich}}'' ing Zurich, sing nganggo gaya sinau artistik. == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== *{{commons category-inline}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bannerman, Manon}} [[Kategori:Lair 2002]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] dy96mu1oalwnrhbqc6kqat8lkqwwmuv Syura Badron 0 200444 1760086 1752217 2026-11-06T01:01:04Z ~2026-58900-63 75404 1760086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox wong}} '''Zuraidah binti Badron''' utawa '''Syura Badron''' ({{lahirmati|Kempas, [[Johor Bahru]], [[Johor]], [[Malaysia]]|6|10|1986}}) iku [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktris]] [[Malaysia]].<ref name="Syura penyanyi kampung">{{cite news|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/taxonomy/term/8/2016/01/115645/syura-terkenang-zaman-dilabel-penyanyi-kampung|title=Syura terkenang zaman dilabel penyanyi kampung|author=Zaidi Mohamad|publisher=Berita Harian|date=18 Januari 2016|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref> Lair ing [[Johor Bahru]], [[Johor]], Syura miwiti karir musiké ing taun 2000 nalika dhèwèké nandatangani kontrak rekaman karo Fantasia Music City (FMC) ing ngendi dhèwèké ngrilis limang album.<ref name="Syura penyanyi kampung"/> Ing taun 2013, Syura dadi salah siji saka 20 kontestan ''MasterChef Selebriti Malaysia'' mangsa kapindho ing ngendi dhèwèké menangaké gelar kasebut. Dhèwèké bali aktif ing industri musik kanthi dadi salah sawijining kontestan ing ''Gegar Vaganza'' musim kaping 4 ing ngendi dhèwèké tereliminasi ing minggu kapitu konser kasebut.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/hiburan/selebriti/2017/12/362299/orang-seram-tengok-saya-syura|title=Orang seram tengok saya: Syura|author=Syarridzuan Abdul Rashid|publisher=Berita Harian|date=12 Dhésèmber 2017|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/rap/2019/12/529905/syura-berdepan-laluan-sukar-untuk-kemunculan-semula|title=Syura berdepan laluan sukar untuk kemunculan semula|author=Norhayati Nordin|publisher=Harian Metro|date=28 Dhésèmber 2019|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/rap/2018/02/314157/syura-keluar-zon-selesa|title=Syura keluar zon selesa|author=Norhayati Nordin|publisher=Harian Metro|date=19 Fèbruari 2018|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/utama/2018/10/386502/serius-kembangkan-bakat|title=Serius kembangkan bakat|author=Sudirman Mohd Tahir|publisher=Harian Metro|date=15 Oktober 2018|accessdate=28 Mèi 2026}}</ref> == Diskografi == === Album studio === * ''[[Aroma (album)|Aroma]]'' (2000) * ''[[Aruda (album)|Aruda]]'' (2003) * ''[[Balaghah (album)|Balaghah]]'' (2004) * ''[[Syahda Berdendang]]'' (2006) * ''[[Khazanah Pujangga]]'' (2008) * ''Simbolik Cinta'' (2013) == Filmografi == === Film === * ''Bilut'' (2006) == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Badron, Syura}} [[Kategori:Penyanyi Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Aktris Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Melayu]] {{indo-bio-stub}} {{Authority control}} m4e602cli3lvqq5wdh6drawojdjzmy7 Kerria japonica 0 200455 1760164 1749842 2026-11-06T05:28:40Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760164 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Kerria japonica01.jpg|jmpl|287x287px|Kerria japonica wit liar]] '''Kerria japonica''', kang umum dikenal kanthi jeneng '''kerria Jepang''' utawa '''mawar Jepang,''' yaiku semak godhong rontog kang nduwèni kembang warna kuning lan kalebu ing genus Kerria sarta kulawarga [[Rosaceae]]. Tuwuhan iki asalé saka tlatah Tiongkok sisih tengah lan kidul nganti [[Koréa Kidul|Korea]] [[Koréa Kidul|Selatan]] lan [[Jepang]]. Ing alam bébas, spesies iki awujud semak lan akèh tinemu tuwuh ing wilayah kanthi iklim sedheng.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:725814-1|title=Kerria japonica (L.) DC. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science|website=Plants of the World Online|language=en|access-date=2026-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420190417/https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:725814-1|archive-date=2024-04-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kerria Jepang wis suwé dimanfaataké minangka bahan pangobatan tradhisional lan uga kerep ditandur minangka tuwuhan hias ing taman. Sanajan genus Kerria kalebu kulawarga mawar (Rosaceae), tuwuhan iki dudu mawar sejati. == Etimologi == Jeneng genus Kerria, kang uga dadi jeneng umum kanggo spesies iki, dijupuk saka jeneng William Kerr (tilar donya taun 1814), sawijining tukang kebon lan kolektor tanduran saka [[Kebon botani|Kebon Botani]] Kew ing [[Sekotlan|Skotlandia]]. William Kerr duwé peran ing ngenalaké kultivar kerria Jepang ‘Pleniflora’. Déné aran spesies japonica tegesé “saka Jepang” utawa “gegandhèngan karo Jepang”.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=249949|title=Kerria japonica 'Pleniflora' - Plant Finder|website=www.missouribotanicalgarden.org|access-date=2026-05-31}}</ref> == Katrangan == Kerria japonica bisa tuwuh nganti dhuwur antara 1 nganti 3 mèter. Batangé rada mlengkung lan kadhangkala nyandhang utawa nyangga ing [[vegetasi]] liya utawa watu-watuan ing sacedhaké. Ing habitat alami, tuwuhan iki akèh ditemokaké ing semak-semak ing lereng gunung. Godhongé tuwuh selang-seling, wanguné prasaja, dawané watara 3–10 sentimèter, lan pinggiré bergerigi kaping pindho. Kembangé warna kuning emas kanthi limang mahkota, lan tuwuh kanthi jarak kang cukup rata ing sadawané cabang-cabang enom kang werna ijo. Wohé awujud achene, yaiku woh garing kang mung ngandhut siji wiji, kanthi ukuran watara 4 nganti 4,5 milimèter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200010868|title=Kerria japonica in Flora of China @ efloras.org|website=www.efloras.org|access-date=2026-05-31}}</ref> == Budidaya == Kerria japonica akeh dibudidayakaké ing taman amarga nduwèni kembang warna kuning emas kang mekar nalika [[Wasanta|mangsa semi]]. Tuwuhan iki luwih cocog ditandur ing papan kang rada teduh lan mung kena cahya srengéngé langsung kanthi winates, supaya warna kembangé ora gampang luntur utawa pucet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weekand.com/home-garden/article/prune-kerria-japonica-18069537.php|title=How to Prune a Kerria Japonica|last=Jauregui|first=Ruth de|date=2012-03-06|website=Weekand|language=en|access-date=2026-05-31}}</ref> Kanggo njaga kesehatan lan kekuwatan tanduran, pangkas dianjuraké sawisé mangsa ngembang rampung.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/47031/kerria-japonica-golden-guinea/details|title=Kerria japonica 'Golden Guinea' {{!}} Japanese rose 'Golden Guinea' Shrubs/RHS|website=www.rhs.org.uk|language=en-gb|access-date=2026-05-31}}</ref> Ana rong kultivar kang nampa Garden Merit Award saka Royal Horticultural Society, yaiku K. japonica ‘Golden Guinea’ lan K. japonica kembang tumpuk ‘Pleniflora’, kang uga dikenal kanthi jeneng bachelor's buttons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/97763/kerria-japonica-pleniflora-(d)/details|title=Kerria japonica 'Pleniflora' (d) {{!}} double-flowered Japanese rose Shrubs/RHS|website=www.rhs.org.uk|language=en-gb|access-date=2026-05-31}}</ref> == Hama lan Penyakit == Wiwit taun 2014, [[Royal Horticultural Society]] nampa laporan saka para pekebun lan ahli hortikultura ngenani karusakan ing tanduran Kerria japonica. Gejalané antarané munculé bintik-bintik abang ing godhong lan tatu utawa bercak ing batang, kang bisa nyebabaké godhong rontog lan pungkasane tanduran mati. Penyakit iki wis dipastèkaké disebabaké déning jamur Blumeriella kerriae, sawijining jamur kang khusus nyerang tanduran kerria. Ing basa Inggris, penyakit iki dikenal minangka kerria twig and leaf blight. Sanajan sadurungé wis dikenal ana ing Amerika Serikat, penyakit iki durung tau ditemokaké ing [[Inggris]] nganti kasus kasebut dilaporaké. Penyakit iki dianggep minangka ancaman serius tumrap tanduran kerria budidaya kang wis suwé dadi semak hias populer ing taman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/disease/kerria-twig-and-leaf-blight|title=Kerria twig and leaf blight: Causes &amp; Control {{!}} RHS Advice|website=www.rhs.org.uk|language=en|access-date=2026-05-31}}</ref> == Pemanfaatan minangka Obat == Tanduran iki dipercaya nduwèni sipat antiinflamasi utawa anti-radang. Ing Tiongkok, rebusan pucuk kembangé kang dicampur madu wis digunakaké sacara tradhisional kanggo mbantu ngatasi watuk lan sawetara gangguan ginekologi. Nanging, panggunaan minangka obat tradhisional iki tetep mbutuhaké panaliten ilmiah luwih lanjut kanggo mbuktèkaké keamanan lan khasiaté.<ref name=":0" /> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Flora Asia Timur]] [[Kategori:Wit]] 6rv0p4ee2rcg38ql2bdzesuzth5yu2k PETA 0 200632 1760154 1759523 2026-11-06T05:03:03Z Jawainda 75350 /* */ 1760154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict|conflict=PETA "Pejuang Tanah Air"<br>PETA "Pembela Tanah Air"|partof=Separatisme PETA|date=17 Agustus 1950|place=Indonesia Wétan|result=Dipatèni déning pamaréntah pusat|combatant1={{flag|Indonesia}}<br>Presiden [[Soekarno]]<br>{{flag|Indonesia}} [[Militer]] |combatant2=Separatisme PETA <br>'''Dr''' [[Alexander Piter Runturambi]] |commander2='''Drs''' [[Loudowik Epou Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Semuel Dolf Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Herman Neles Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Tommy Lobe Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Freddy Hend Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Soeharto Gans Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Jerry Cang Runturambi]]}} Separatisme '''PETA''' Pembela Tanah Air Dan '''PETA''' Pejuang Tanah Air (cekakan saka, ejaan Republik: [[Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi]] ya iku gerakan militèr lan pulitik ing [[PETA]] Di mulai 17 Agustus 1950 sing diproklamasèkaké tanggal 23 Agustus 1950 ing [[Palembang]], [[Bandung]], [[Manado]], [[Balikpapan]], [[Manila]] Dan [[Patani]]. Gerakan iki dipimpin déning perwira militèr lan tokoh sipil saka wilayah Indonesia pérangan wétan. =PETA pejuang tanah air dan PETA pembela tanah air= Mereka bukan pemberontak 1950-1952 tapi mereka hanya menuntut otonomi pembangunan daerah yang ada di wilayah-wilayah terpencil karna mereka mantan penguasa 1940-1945 tapi protes ini menjadi perang dingin. czlu7g82agfbi6bi7zb3rswy2leursa 1760155 1760154 2026-11-06T05:06:32Z Jawainda 75350 /* */ 1760155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict|conflict=PETA "Pejuang Tanah Air"<br>PETA "Pembela Tanah Air"|partof=Separatisme PETA|date=17 Agustus 1950|place=Indonesia Wétan|result=Dipatèni déning pamaréntah pusat|combatant1={{flag|Indonesia}}<br>Presiden [[Soekarno]]<br>{{flag|Indonesia}} [[Militer]] |combatant2=Separatisme PETA <br>'''Dr''' [[Alexander Piter Runturambi]] |commander2='''Drs''' [[Loudowik Epou Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Semuel Dolf Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Herman Neles Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Tommy Lobe Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Freddy Hend Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Soeharto Gans Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Jerry Cang Runturambi]]}} Separatisme '''PETA''' Pembela Tanah Air Dan '''PETA''' Pejuang Tanah Air (cekakan saka, ejaan Republik: [[Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi]] ya iku gerakan militèr lan pulitik ing [[PETA]] Di mulai 17 Agustus 1950 sing diproklamasèkaké tanggal 23 Agustus 1950 ing [[Palembang]], [[Bandung]], [[Manado]], [[Balikpapan]], [[Manila]] Dan [[Patani]]. Gerakan iki dipimpin déning perwira militèr lan tokoh sipil saka wilayah Indonesia pérangan wétan. Ing periode taun 1950–1952, panjenenganipun sedaya sanes para pemberontak; nanging, namung nuntut otonomi kangge pembangunan ing wilayah-wilayah ingkang tebih—sikep ingkang dhasaripun saking latar wingking panjenenganipun sedaya minangka mantan pejabat ing jaman taun 1940–1945—ananging, protes punika lajeng ngrembaka dados "perang adhem." =PETA pejuang tanah air dan PETA pembela tanah air= Mereka bukan pemberontak 1950-1952 tapi mereka hanya menuntut otonomi pembangunan daerah yang ada di wilayah-wilayah terpencil karna mereka mantan penguasa 1940-1945 tapi protes ini menjadi perang dingin. 8bazstmhn5ywyi2tb2yynntejw7j46m 1760158 1760155 2026-11-06T05:16:20Z Jawainda 75350 /* PETA pejuang tanah air dan PETA pembela tanah air */ 1760158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict|conflict=PETA "Pejuang Tanah Air"<br>PETA "Pembela Tanah Air"|partof=Separatisme PETA|date=17 Agustus 1950|place=Indonesia Wétan|result=Dipatèni déning pamaréntah pusat|combatant1={{flag|Indonesia}}<br>Presiden [[Soekarno]]<br>{{flag|Indonesia}} [[Militer]] |combatant2=Separatisme PETA <br>'''Dr''' [[Alexander Piter Runturambi]] |commander2='''Drs''' [[Loudowik Epou Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Semuel Dolf Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Herman Neles Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Tommy Lobe Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Freddy Hend Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Soeharto Gans Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Jerry Cang Runturambi]]}} Separatisme '''PETA''' Pembela Tanah Air Dan '''PETA''' Pejuang Tanah Air (cekakan saka, ejaan Republik: [[Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi]] ya iku gerakan militèr lan pulitik ing [[PETA]] Di mulai 17 Agustus 1950 sing diproklamasèkaké tanggal 23 Agustus 1950 ing [[Palembang]], [[Bandung]], [[Manado]], [[Balikpapan]], [[Manila]] Dan [[Patani]]. Gerakan iki dipimpin déning perwira militèr lan tokoh sipil saka wilayah Indonesia pérangan wétan. Ing periode taun 1950–1952, panjenenganipun sedaya sanes para pemberontak; nanging, namung nuntut otonomi kangge pembangunan ing wilayah-wilayah ingkang tebih—sikep ingkang dhasaripun saking latar wingking panjenenganipun sedaya minangka mantan pejabat ing jaman taun 1940–1945—ananging, protes punika lajeng ngrembaka dados "perang adhem." =PETA pejuang tanah air dan PETA pembela tanah air= Mereka bukan pemberontak 1950-1952 tapi mereka hanya menuntut otonomi pembangunan daerah yang ada di wilayah-wilayah terpencil karna mereka mantan penguasa 1940-1945 tapi protes ini menjadi perang dingin. Mereka Keluarganya Alexander Piter Runturambi pendiri ideologi Minanisme aliran idealisme tapi mereka kalah perang dunia dua tapi Ir Soekarno tetap menghargai mereka karna mereka salah satu pendiri daerah Asian. cylhm3esgoq5zj55fu0sgulfyjdbzzr 1760160 1760158 2026-11-06T05:19:34Z Jawainda 75350 /* */ 1760160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict|conflict=PETA "Pejuang Tanah Air"<br>PETA "Pembela Tanah Air"|partof=Separatisme PETA|date=17 Agustus 1950|place=Indonesia Wétan|result=Dipatèni déning pamaréntah pusat|combatant1={{flag|Indonesia}}<br>Presiden [[Soekarno]]<br>{{flag|Indonesia}} [[Militer]] |combatant2=Separatisme PETA <br>'''Dr''' [[Alexander Piter Runturambi]] |commander2='''Drs''' [[Loudowik Epou Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Semuel Dolf Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Herman Neles Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Tommy Lobe Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Freddy Hend Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Soeharto Gans Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Jerry Cang Runturambi]]}} Separatisme '''PETA''' Pembela Tanah Air Dan '''PETA''' Pejuang Tanah Air (cekakan saka, ejaan Republik: [[Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi]] ya iku gerakan militèr lan pulitik ing [[PETA]] Di mulai 17 Agustus 1950 sing diproklamasèkaké tanggal 23 Agustus 1950 ing [[Palembang]], [[Bandung]], [[Manado]], [[Balikpapan]], [[Manila]] Dan [[Patani]]. Gerakan iki dipimpin déning perwira militèr lan tokoh sipil saka wilayah Indonesia pérangan wétan. Ing periode taun 1950–1952, panjenenganipun sedaya sanes para pemberontak; nanging, namung nuntut otonomi kangge pembangunan ing wilayah-wilayah ingkang tebih—sikep ingkang dhasaripun saking latar wingking panjenenganipun sedaya minangka mantan pejabat ing jaman taun 1940–1945—ananging, protes punika lajeng ngrembaka dados "perang adhem. Panjenenganipun sedaya punika kulawarganipun Alexander Piter Runturambi, pangadeg ideologi "Minanisme" satunggaling aliran idealisme. Sanajan sampun kalah ing Perang Donya Kaping Kalih, Ir. Soekarno tetep paring kurmat ingkang inggil dhumateng panjenenganipun sedaya, amargi panjenenganipun kalebet salah satunggaling para pangadeg kawasan Asian. =PETA pejuang tanah air dan PETA pembela tanah air= Mereka bukan pemberontak 1950-1952 tapi mereka hanya menuntut otonomi pembangunan daerah yang ada di wilayah-wilayah terpencil karna mereka mantan penguasa 1940-1945 tapi protes ini menjadi perang dingin. Mereka Keluarganya Alexander Piter Runturambi pendiri ideologi Minanisme aliran idealisme tapi mereka kalah perang dunia dua tapi Ir Soekarno tetap menghargai mereka karna mereka salah satu pendiri daerah Asian. k6e2axv8yfbdjuct8ohgtczlminv66w 1760161 1760160 2026-11-06T05:22:43Z Jawainda 75350 /* PETA pejuang tanah air dan PETA pembela tanah air */ 1760161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict|conflict=PETA "Pejuang Tanah Air"<br>PETA "Pembela Tanah Air"|partof=Separatisme PETA|date=17 Agustus 1950|place=Indonesia Wétan|result=Dipatèni déning pamaréntah pusat|combatant1={{flag|Indonesia}}<br>Presiden [[Soekarno]]<br>{{flag|Indonesia}} [[Militer]] |combatant2=Separatisme PETA <br>'''Dr''' [[Alexander Piter Runturambi]] |commander2='''Drs''' [[Loudowik Epou Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Semuel Dolf Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Herman Neles Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Tommy Lobe Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Freddy Hend Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Soeharto Gans Runturambi]]<br>Militer [[Jerry Cang Runturambi]]}} Separatisme '''PETA''' Pembela Tanah Air Dan '''PETA''' Pejuang Tanah Air (cekakan saka, ejaan Republik: [[Dolfedor Semuel (Dolf) Runturambi]] ya iku gerakan militèr lan pulitik ing [[PETA]] Di mulai 17 Agustus 1950 sing diproklamasèkaké tanggal 23 Agustus 1950 ing [[Palembang]], [[Bandung]], [[Manado]], [[Balikpapan]], [[Manila]] Dan [[Patani]]. Gerakan iki dipimpin déning perwira militèr lan tokoh sipil saka wilayah Indonesia pérangan wétan. Ing periode taun 1950–1952, panjenenganipun sedaya sanes para pemberontak; nanging, namung nuntut otonomi kangge pembangunan ing wilayah-wilayah ingkang tebih—sikep ingkang dhasaripun saking latar wingking panjenenganipun sedaya minangka mantan pejabat ing jaman taun 1940–1945—ananging, protes punika lajeng ngrembaka dados "perang adhem. Panjenenganipun sedaya punika kulawarganipun Alexander Piter Runturambi, pangadeg ideologi "Minanisme" satunggaling aliran idealisme. Sanajan sampun kalah ing Perang Donya Kaping Kalih, Ir. Soekarno tetep paring kurmat ingkang inggil dhumateng panjenenganipun sedaya, amargi panjenenganipun kalebet salah satunggaling para pangadeg kawasan Asian. =PETA "pejuang tanah air" dan PETA "pembela tanah air"= Mereka bukan pemberontak 1950-1952 tapi mereka hanya menuntut otonomi pembangunan daerah yang ada di wilayah-wilayah terpencil karna mereka mantan penguasa 1940-1945 tapi protes ini menjadi perang dingin. Mereka Keluarganya Alexander Piter Runturambi pendiri ideologi Minanisme aliran idealisme tapi mereka kalah perang dunia dua tapi Ir Soekarno tetap menghargai mereka karna mereka salah satu pendiri daerah Asian. lsf4dftiwcvkqdhzk05ymmpxzgjx3nz Miftachul Akhyar 0 200787 1760286 1757254 2026-11-06T11:41:01Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760286 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Miftachul Akhyar''' ([[Basa Arab|cara Arab]]: '''مفتاح الاخيار''' ; miyos ing [[Kutha Surabaya|Surabaya]], 30 Juni 1953) punika satunggaling [[ngulama]] ingkang mengku kalenggahan minangka Rais 'Aam ''[[Nahdlatul Ulama|Pengurus Besar Nahdlatul Ulama]]'' (PBNU) wiwit taun 2018. Panjenenganipun naté kadhapuk minangka Pangarsa Umum ''Majelis Ulama Indonesia'' (MUI) wiwit taun 2020, nunten ing taun 2022 mundur saking kalenggahan punika jalaran boten kersa manawi rangkep kalenggahan. Kajawi punika, panjenenganipun ugi mangarsani Pondhok Pasantrèn Miftachus Sunnah, Surabaya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nu.or.id/nasional/mengenal-rais-aam-pbnu-kh-miftachul-akhyar-2FyQp|title=Mengenal Rais Aam PBNU KH Miftachul Akhyar|website=NU Online|language=id-id|access-date=2026-08-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/hikmah/khazanah/d-8641750/profil-kh-miftachul-akhyar-rais-aam-pbnu-2026-2031|title=Profil KH Miftachul Akhyar, Rais Aam PBNU 2026-2031|last=Hawari|first=Hanif|website=detikhikmah|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260924045713/https://www.detik.com/hikmah/khazanah/d-8641750/profil-kh-miftachul-akhyar-rais-aam-pbnu-2026-2031|archive-date=2026-09-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing Muktamar ka-35 Nahdlatul Ulama taun 2026, panjenenganipun piniji minangka Rais Aam PBNU kanggé mangsa kalenggahan 2026-2031 lumantar panetepan AHWA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://janalokajournal.id/hasil-muktamar-nu-2026-menetap-kh-miftachul-akhyar-rais-aam-pbnu/|title=Hasil Muktamar NU: Menetap KH Miftachul Akhyar Rais Aam PBNU 2026-2031|last=Janaloka|first=Redaktur|date=2026-08-30|website=Janalokajournal.id|language=id|access-date=2026-08-31}}</ref> == Réferènsi == <references /> [[Kategori:Lair 1953]] [[Kategori:Wong misuwur ing Tanah Jawa]] hybyoykvu0qaf7u5yhckrnbce3arhzn Lindi Cistia Prabha 0 200925 1760241 1757329 2026-11-06T09:09:27Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760241 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lindi Cistia Prabha''' (lair ing Ngayogyakarta tanggal 22 Séptèmber 1984) iku model lan ratu kecantikan == Pawiyatan == * Universitas Gadjah Mada Fakultas Psikologi, Yogyakarta == Karir == * Wakil saka D.I. Yogyakarta kapilih dadi runner-up I ing babak pungkasan Pamilihan Putri Indonesia 2005 ing Jakarta. * Wakil saking Indonesia wonten ing ajang kontes kecantikan internasional Miss World 2005 ingkang dipunwontenaken ing Tiongkok.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.tempo.co/foto/detail/P0602200600383/lindi-cistia-prabha|title=LINDI CISTIA PRABHA - DATA TEMPO|website=data.tempo.co|language=en|access-date=2026-09-24}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Kagiyatan Sosial lan Pribadi == Lindi nggunakaké saperangan wektuné kanggo dadi rélawan ing komunitas tunarungu (tuli), sarta nglakoni ulah raga favorit kayadéné aérobik, nglangi, bulu tangkis, lan fitness.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://hot.detik.com/celeb/d-474537/lindi-wakil-indonesia-yang-jago-nembang|title=Lindi, Wakil Indonesia yang Jago Nembang|website=detikhot|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250331105642/https://hot.detik.com/celeb/d-474537/lindi-wakil-indonesia-yang-jago-nembang|archive-date=2025-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Referensi == <references /> [[Kategori:Wong saka Ngayogyakarta]] j8oygnijrli2z00qnqmr1zsocove03l Margaret Hamilton 0 200963 1760260 1758665 2026-11-06T10:20:31Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1760260 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Margaret Hamilton 1995.jpg|thumb|Margaret Hamilton (1995)]] '''Margaret Hamilton''' (lair mawa jeneng '''Heafield'''; 17 Agustus 1936 – 30 Sèptèmber 2026) iku sawijining ngèlmuwati komputer Amérika Sarékat. Dhèwèké mimpin Divisi Rekayasa Piranti Lunak ing Laboratorium Instrumentasi MIT, ing ngendi dhèwèké mimpin pangembangan piranti lunak penerbangan on-board kanggo Apollo Guidance Computer NASA kanggo program Apollo. Dhèwèké banjur ngedegaké rong perusahaan piranti lunak, Higher Order Software ing taun 1976 lan Hamilton Technologies ing taun 1986, loro-loroné ing Cambridge, Massachusetts. Hamilton mbabar luwih saka 130 makalah, prosiding, lan lapuran, udakara sawidak proyèk, lan enem program utama. Dhèwèké ngripta istilah "rekayasa piranti lunak", kanthi nyatakake, "Aku wiwit nggunakake istilah 'rekayasa piranti lunak' kanggo mbédakaké saka perangkat keras lan jinis rekayasa liyané, nanging nganggep saben jinis rekayasa minangka bagéan saka proses rekayasa sistem sakabèhé."<ref name="Cameron 2018">{{cite web | last=Cameron | first=Lori | title=First Software Engineer | website=IEEE Computer Society | date=October 5, 2018 | url=https://www.computer.org/publications/tech-news/events/what-to-know-about-the-scientist-who-invented-the-term-software-engineering | access-date=March 25, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124103748/https://publications.computer.org/software-magazine/2018/06/08/margaret-hamilton-software-engineering-pioneer-apollo-11/ | archive-date=November 24, 2018 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="InventionsBoardReport2003">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/251093main_The_NASA_Heritage_Of_Creativity.pdf |title=The NASA Heritage Of Creativity |year=2003 |editor-last=Thereon |editor-first=Bradley |access-date=June 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529035816/http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/251093main_The_NASA_Heritage_Of_Creativity.pdf |work=2003 Annual Report of the NASA Inventions & Contributions Board |publisher=NASA |archive-date=May 29, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Computer History Museum 2017">{{cite book |last1=Brock |first1=David C. |last2=Hamilton |first2=Margaret H. | title=Hamilton, Margaret oral history |publisher=[[Computer History Museum]] | date=April 13, 2017 | url=https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102738243 | access-date=March 25, 2023 |id=102738243 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114114333/https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102738243 |archive-date=November 14, 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tanggal 22 Novèmber 2016, Hamilton nampa Medali Kebebasan Presiden saka Presiden Barack Obama kanggo karyané sing mimpin pangembangan piranti lunak penerbangan on-board kanggo misi Apollo Moon NASA. <ref name="Recipients">{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2016 |title=President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/11/16/president-obama-names-recipients-presidential-medal-freedom |access-date=July 26, 2022 |website=whitehouse.gov |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118210055/https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/11/16/president-obama-names-recipients-presidential-medal-freedom |archive-date=January 18, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Sister project auto}} * [http://www.htius.com Hamilton Technologies, Inc.] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2026/10/08/science/space/margaret-hamilton-computer-science.html Margaret Hamilton profile and obituary], [[New York Times]], Oct. 8, 2026 * [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nasas-apollo-moon-missions-relied-on-this-computer-scientist-and-differential-equations/ NASA's Apollo moon missions relied on Margaret Hamilton and differential equations], [[Scientific American]], May 12, 2026 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190730011433/http://earlham.edu/margaret-hamilton/ Margaret Hamilton '58&nbsp;– Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipient] {{DEFAULTSORT:Hamilton, Margaret}} [[Kategori:Lair 1936]] [[Kategori:Pati 2026]] [[Kategori:Wong Amérika Sarékat]] psr6wcnnetz0q31ts85zotzih26kyrs Khazanah Pujangga 0 201040 1760085 2026-11-06T00:59:12Z ~2026-58900-63 75404 Kaca anyar: '''''Khazanah Pujangga''''' iku album kompilasi saka [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor|aktris]] [[Malaysia]], [[Syura Badron|Syura]], sing dirilis tanggal 24 Sèptèmber 2008 déning Fantasia Music City (FMC). Album iki isiné 20 lagu kanthi tema etnis tradhisional, kalebu 3 lagu anyar. Album iki dinominasikake minangka Album Pop Etnik Terbaik ing Anugerah Industri Muzik kaping 16 ing taun [[2009]]. == Dhaptar lagu == ===CD & VCD 1=== # "'''Dejavu'''" - 3:47, ''lagu baru''<br>Senilagu &... 1760085 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Khazanah Pujangga''''' iku album kompilasi saka [[penyanyi]] lan [[aktor|aktris]] [[Malaysia]], [[Syura Badron|Syura]], sing dirilis tanggal 24 Sèptèmber 2008 déning Fantasia Music City (FMC). Album iki isiné 20 lagu kanthi tema etnis tradhisional, kalebu 3 lagu anyar. Album iki dinominasikake minangka Album Pop Etnik Terbaik ing Anugerah Industri Muzik kaping 16 ing taun [[2009]]. == Dhaptar lagu == ===CD & VCD 1=== # "'''Dejavu'''" - 3:47, ''lagu baru''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: M. Nasir / Usop (Kopratasa) # "'''Nazam Berkasih'''" - 4:54<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa # "'''Joget Gadis Melayu'''" - 4:24<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa # "'''Dendang Pusaka'''" (duet karo M. Daud Kilau) - 4:39<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Nursyikin # "'''Bakawali'''" (duet karo [[Siti Nordiana]]) - 4:30<br>Senilagu: Yusri<br>Senikata: Affendy # "'''Rembulan Merah'''" - 4:02<br>Senilagu: Eddie Hamid<br>Senikata: Ku Seman # "'''Mengapa di Rindu'''" - 3:57<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Copyright Controlled # "'''Gurindam Jiwa'''" (duet karo M. Daud Kilau) - 5:06<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Copyright Controlled # "'''Zapin Adat Berkasih'''" - 4:43<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Afiqah MS. # "'''Joget Mengambil Hati'''" - 5:14<br>Senilagu: Jari<br>Senikata: Sutinah (Chuari Selamat) ===CD & VCD 2=== # "'''Pujangga Merindu'''" - 3:47, ''lagu baru''<br>Senilagu: Radeen Sri<br>Senikata: Hairul Anuar Harun # "'''Mendung'''" - 4:07, ''lagu baru''<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Yassin # "'''Candak'''" - 4:23<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Lokmanghani # "'''Tenung-tenung, Renung-renung'''" (duet karo M. Daud Kilau) - 5:10<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Nursyikin # "'''Istana Nursuci'''" - 5:10<br>Senilagu: [[Pak Ngah]]<br>Senikata: Siso Kopratasa # "'''Ghazal Perindu'''" (duet karo Jay Jay) 4:30<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Nursyikin # "'''Dendang Barinding'''" - 4:18<br>Senilagu: Rosli Selasih<br>Senikata: Tok Wan # "'''Syurga Perindu'''" - 4:38<br>Senilagu: Eddie Hamid<br>Senikata: Ku Seman # "'''Lafaz Asmara'''" (duet karo [[Siti Nordiana]]) - 5:00<br>Senilagu: S. Atan<br>Senikata: Nursyikin # "'''Dibuai Rindu'''" - 4:25<br>Senilagu & Senikata: Yassin [[Kategori:Album]] {{Musik-stub}} torxop5bd0fvvl3m3yzpy70dirigfxn