Aburɣes

Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Sujet Aburɣes 0 16392 116364 103798 2026-05-08T17:32:13Z Abillardoo 16203 /* */ 116364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Aburɣes''' (asget: '''ibureɣsen'''), ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Insecta''') d [[asmil (tasnudert)|asmil]] n [[aɣersiw|yiɣersiwen]] [[tiraɣlalin|iraɣlalen]] yeṭṭafaren [[astirf (tasnudert)|adur]] n [[Tiswermin|tuwrimin]], yerna ibureɣsen i d [[tasartut n tesnudert|asesmel]] yellan yakk s waṭas deg [[astirf (tasnudert)|wadur]] n tuwrimin. Ɣas akken ass-a yettwassen s yisem n '''Ubeɛɛuc''' neɣ '''Abexxuc''', maca sin n wawalen-a d uzligen, acku ttwakksen-d seg yirem aẓaṛan '''Aburɣes'''. Ibureɣsen mmalen-d tagrawt tuggtant deg [[amuddir|yimuddiren]] yakk yellan deg [[tagnit|tegnit]], acku deg usmil-a llant ugar n umelyun n [[talmest|telmas]] yettugelmen (ayen yegdan azgen n yimuddiren yellan deg tegnit). Maca, azal n 30 n imelyan n [[tawacult (tasnudert)|twaculin]] mazal urid (werɛad) ur [[tasartut n tesnudert|ttussemlen-t]], ayen i d-immalen 90% n yimudden yellan deg tegnit. Ar tura, ttwassemlen-d wazal n 5000 n [[talmest|telmas]] n [[Timzerɣlin|temzerɣlin]], d 2000 n [[talɣemt n yellu|tleɣmatin n yellu]] (tagmart n sidna Sliman), d 20,000 n telmas n [[abẓiẓ|yebẓaẓ]], d 170,000 n telmas [[aferṭeṭṭu|iferṭeṭṭa]] d [[afaylellis|ifaylellisen]] , d 170,000 d telmas n [[izi|yizan]] d 82,000 n telmas n [[Tizinfriwin|tzinfriwin]], d 360,000 n telmas n [[izinzer|izinzren]] d 110,000 n telmas n [[tizizwit|tzizwa]] d [[arẓaẓ|yerẓaẓen]] d [[ageṭṭuf|igeṭfen]] akken daɣen yellan wazal n 2 ar 5 n yimelyan n telmas ur nettwassen. == Amezruy n yiburɣas == iburɣas d [[aɣersiw|iɣersiwen]] imezwura i d-ibanen yakk deg [[tagnit|tegnit]], Aya send n 435 imelyan n yiseggasen, ɣef wannect-a tella-d d iɣersiwen imenza yakk yettferfiren acku zwaren-d [[iptiṛusuren]] s wazal n 204 n yimelyan n yiseggasen. == Asesmel ussnan == {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:20em;" | {| style="background:Transparent; border:solid 0 #503df9;" ! colspan="4" style="background:#E6D09D" |[[Tasartut n tesnudert|Asesmel]] |- |<div style="width:105%; max-height:600px; overflow:auto;"></div> |- |} {| | rowspan="4" style="background:#ECF4ED" |'''ibureɣsen''' | colspan="3" style="background:#ECF4ED" | {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="float:left; background:Transparent;" ![[Taynaslamin]] |- | style="border-top: 1px solid black;" |-[[Tidfernegzanin]] - 470 |} |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#ECF4ED" |'''[[Tasnaslamin]]''' | colspan="2" style="background:#ECF4ED" | {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; background:Transparent;" ![[Tarfriwin]] |- | style="border-top: 1px solid black;" |-[[Tizzardfarin]]<200 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Munura]] |} |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#ECF4ED" |'''[[Timsefriwin]]''' | style="background:#ECF4ED" | {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; background:Transparent;" ![[Timzifriwin]] |- | style="border-top: 1px solid black;" |-[[izimay]]- 2,500–<3,000 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Timzerɣlin]]- 6,500 |} |- | style="background:#ECF4ED" | {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; background:Transparent;" ![[Tatrafriwin]] |- | style="border-top: 1px solid black;" |-[[Tizeglelluyin]] – 3,684–4,000 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[izinzren]] – 360,000–400,000 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[imerzel|Timerzlin]] – 1,816 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tasenfriwin]] – 152,956 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tidderfriwin]] – 200–300 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tizinfriwin]] – 50,000–80,000 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tadlafriwin]] – 115,000 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tikebrfriwin]] – 174,250 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tileɣmatin n yellu]] – 2,200 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tiɣzefriwin]] – 481 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tihrifriwin]] – 250–300 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Taẓaṛfriwin]] – 5,000 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tidefrifriwin]] – 30 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tusridfriwin]] – 24,380 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tiẓɣuɣin (tafesna)|Tiẓɣuɣin]] – 2,500–3,300 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tilkinin]] – 3,000–3,200 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Timdelfriwin]] – 2,274 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tiɣẓefriwin]] – 5,500 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[izizrem|Tizizermin]] – 210 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tikurdin]] – 2,525 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tibernfriwin]] – 596 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tiblawfriwin]] – 5,000 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[izi bu tmecrag]] – 12,627 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tizuraptirin]] – 28 |} |} |- | [[Aɣawas azuẓlan]] i tegrawin n iburɣas imidduren،<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.tolweb.org/Insecta/8205 | title = Insecta | date = 2002 | publisher = Tree of Life Web Project | access-date = 12 mayyu 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190402093445/http://www.tolweb.org/Insecta/8205 | archive-date = 2 yebrir 2019 }}</ref> D wuṭṭun n telmas i yal tagrawt.<ref name="number">{{cite book|author =Erwin, Terry L.|date=1997|title=Biodiversity at its utmost: Tropical Forest Beetles|pages=27–40}} In: {{cite book|editor1=Reaka-Kudla, M. L.|editor2=Wilson, D. E.|editor3=Wilson, E. O.|title=Biodiversity II|publisher=Joseph Henry Press, Washington, D.C.}}</ref> [[Tarfriwin]]، [[Timzifriwin]]، d [[Tuffiɣfriwin| ]] ahat-itent d tigrawin [[azunẓar|tizunẓarin]]. |} == Tilmas n yiburɣas == Imusnawen n yiburɣas ufan-d d akken uṭṭun n yiburɣas deg yal Amil amkuẓ (1 Mill ⁴) yegda uṭṭun n [[afgan|yifganen]] yellan deg [[tagnit|tegnit]] yakk acku llan-t imelyan n [[talmest|telmas]] akken daɣen id snirrimen seg 5 ar 7 n yigimen n telmas deg yal aseggas. Acku d akken llan-t waṭas n [[tawacult (tasnudert)|twaculin]] d telmas d [[tafesna (tasnudert)|tfesna]] yemgaraden, yettili-d uglam-nsent s waṭas n tegrawin gar-asent: === Izinezren === {{Main|Izinzer}} [[Tugna:Dungbeetle.jpg|right|thumb|150x150px|[[Aẓerri]].]] Izinezren ssiliɣen-d tagrawt meqqren yakk n ibureɣsen s wazal n 300.000 n telmas yemgaraden, akken i yezmer ad yili userwes-nsen yakk d [[tinaɣlalin|yiɣersiwen inaɣlalen]] am [[aslem|yiselman]] d [[agṭiṭ|yigṭaṭ]] d [[tikelmanin|tkelmanin]] d [[timraradin|temraradin]] d [[timsuṭad|temsuṭaṭ]] i gebren seg 43,000 n telmas kan. Iglamen yettwaskaden s tuget deg yizinezren d tayuga n yifraren n wafriwen imehzen seg tyuga tamenzut n wafriwen. [[Tugna:Ladybird.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|[[Mrim migran]].]] Seg telmas yettwassnen yakk deg tfesna n izinezren d [[tamyigrant]] yettidiren deg yakk [[amenẓaw|imenẓawen]] (anagar [[Antraktika]]) anda i d-tessiluɣ tagrawt taxatart n [[tagemra|tnegmarin]], Tla azal meqqren deg wučči n [[agulaf|igulafen]] d [[iwakuzen]] i ṭṭurrayen imɣan, dɣa anecta d ayen yeǧǧan imekrazen ad ten-tt-senkeren ===Iferṭeṭṭa d ifaylellisen=== {{Main|Afaylellis|Aferṭeṭṭu}} D ayen yemrayen (iweɛṛen) ad tili tukza n imgaraden gar n [[Afaylellis|ifaylellisen]] d [[aferṭeṭṭu|yiferṭeṭṭa]] maca tukza n umgarad-a tezmer ad tili sɣur n tallit n urmud-nsent d kra n imaskanen-nsent anda azal ameqran n ifaylellisen ttbinen-tt-d deg yiṭ akken i lant [[timejjiwin]] n wefriw yerna ṭeffsent afriwen-nsenrt s talɣa taglawant ɣef izaguren-nsent. Ma d iferṭeṭṭa ttferfiren deg wass yerna lant timejjiwin yettfakkan s tuffet akken i ṭeffsen afriwen-nsen s talɣa taratakt ɣef yizaguren-nsen. Dɣa izagen-a n umgarad d ixataren s waṭas. === Izan === {{Main|Izi}} [[Tugna:Close-up of Chrysomya (Old World blow fly) on a green leaf.jpg|thumb|180x180px|Izi n usameɣ azegzaw, d yiwet n telmast n ibureɣsen [[tijjenṭedt|ajenṭad]]]] Yezmer ad yili ufriri n tegrawt-a taxatart meqqren gar n ibureɣsen yakk, anda i tla yiwet n tyuga n wafriwen ma d tayuga tis snat yuɣal meẓẓiy i wakken ad yuɣal d allal n umejgugel yemmugen am umesraf. Dɣa [[tadast]] s [[talmest|telmas-is]] yemgaraden iga d amedya igerrzen i yigmamen n tegrawt-a, anda yettwassen s ukerrec-is itekkmen (iqerrḥen) akken i d-tesskaray [[urnan]]. == Irẓaẓen, Irẓuzen, Tizizwa yakk d yigeṭfen == {{Main|Arẓaẓ|rẓuzen|Tizizwa| Ageṭṭuf}} [[Tugna:European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg|right|thumb|180x180px|Tazizwit n tamment.]] Tizizwa d tagrawt meqqren n ibureɣsen, amur ameqran deg-sent ttidirent deg tehrest anda ixeddment yakk i ubaɣur imezdi. Amedya: tahrest n [[tizizwa n tamment|tzizwa n tamment]] tettwasemmes ɣef tgellidt tameqrant yettilin d tagensast ɣef usersi n tmellalin, ma d tawuri n iwetmen d asebrer n tmellalin n tgellidt. Deg wakud anda ixeddment tqeddacin imahilen niden. Dɣa timettiyin n igeṭfen d yirẓaẓen d wid yettemcabin timetti n tzizwa anda ttidirent deg tegrawin i teddmen aṭas n yigmamen i ttemyallalen gugar-asen. === Ikurdan d tilkin === {{Main|Tilkit|Ikurdan}} [[File:Male human head louse.jpg|thumb|284x284px|[[Tilkit]] deg uqerru n wemdan.]] [[Ikurdan]] d [[Tilkit|tilkin]] d ijenṭaden yettidiren deg wamur uffiɣ n tfekka n umesnubget-is. Tilmas-a isnat-nsent ur lint ara afriwen. Mekknent [[timsuṭad]] (gar-asent andan) yakk d [[agṭiṭ|yigṭaṭ]] anda ittsummunt idammen i wakken ad farsent timellalin, ayen yettaǧǧa ad sneṭṭen aṭas n tlmas n waṭṭanen, dɣa [[tasakrart]] n [[tarka|terka]] yakk d [[tarka taberkant|terka taberkant]] yenfufden deg [[Turuft|Uruppa]] d [[tamurt n Leqbayel|tmurt n Yiqbayliyen]] deg [[tallit talemmas]] yedda yerna yenfufed s yikurdan ittidiren deg tfekkiwin n [[aɣuli|iɣuliwen]] iy ṭṭef waṭṭan-a. Ma d aṭṭan n Tifus ittili-d deg tamiwin yumsen yeččuren d tilkin i d-tissawaṭen seg wemdan ɣer wemdan niden. === Ibẓaẓ, Ijṛaden, Iwerǧeǧǧiyen === {{Main|Abẓiẓ|Ajṛad|Awerǧeǧǧi|Aburjij|Azeglellu}} [[Tugna:Chorthippus_biguttulus_f_8835.jpg|thumb|284x284px|[[Abẓiẓ]].]] D tagrawt n warrasen d [[timestuga]] i tetten s waṭas. Anda i d-gellunt s isettwiɣen i yilan n wemdan. Anda [[abẓiẓ|ibẓaẓ]] d [[aburjij|iburjijen]] d yibureɣsen ittilin deg wurtan d yilmayen ur d-gellun ara s usettwiɣ meqqren i yimdanen, maca imdanen kerhen-ten s usrag n tmeẓri-ines ilicen d imesli-ines. Ma d [[ajṛad]] de win isettwaɣayen s waṭas imendiyen d yimmaden. [[Tugna:Cockroachcloseup.jpg|thumb|284x284px|[[Azeglellu]].]] Dɣa [[Azeglellu|izeglella]] d yisen seg yigmamen yettwassnen yakk deg tegrawt-a, acku yettili deg yakk ideggan anda yettili wemdan, anda yettwaf ama deg yixxamen neɣ deg wanda iṭṭeggiren igudiyen. == Učči == Iburɣas d [[amuddir|imuddiren]] ig tetten aṭas n [[Učči|wučči]] ya d učči [[imɣan|amɣaw]] neɣ [[aɣersiw|aɣersaw]], llan iburɣas ig tetten [[aksum]] d [[iɣess|iɣsan]] d [[idammen]] d [[acencaw|ucencaw]] akken daɣen illan iburɣas ig tetten [[asɣaṛ]] == Tudert n uburɣes == === Asileɣ === Aṭas n ibureɣsen ttlalen-d i wakken ad qqimen d imeẓyanen. Acku amur ameqran n ibureɣsen beddun tudert-nsen s agensu n tmellalt anda i tettili tettwaggeẓ s teclemt yeqquren. [[Tawtemt]] tessrusay aṭas n tmellalin, Amedya: tawtemt n [[izi|yizi]] tessrusay 1000 n tmellalin deg 15 n wussan kan maca mi ara ad frurxent tmellalin-nni anagar kra n yizan Kan ara ad iqqimen d imidduren. Dɣa anecta yegguni ɣef twennaṭ anda yettidir uburɣes (ma yella wučči d yiba n [[tagemra|tnegmarin]]). === Tamhazt === Amur ameqran n ibureɣsen ttefrurxen-d seg tmellalin itessrusay tayemmat-nsen deg yiferran n yimɣan neɣ deg waman neɣ deg tamiwin niden. Maca llant tilmas niden i d-ittmagen deg tmellalt s agensu n tfekka n tayemmat sin akin ad ilal d amiddur. Maca, s umata-nsen ttaken-d seg waṭas n talliyin n ibeddilen mi ara ad gemmun, ma d asrag yettaǧǧan ibureɣsen ad scelmen taɣessa-nsen tuffiɣt yettuɣal ɣer tɣuri n teclemt-nsen ittikrisen ɣef uburɣes mi ara ad igmu, dɣa srid mi ara ad iffeɣ uburɣes seg tɣessa-ines ad yimɣur w ad s-temmag tɣessa d tamaynut. Azal ameqran n ibureɣsen ttekken-d seg yiwen gar n snat n telmas n [[tamhazt|temhazt]], igan ya d [[tamhazt tummidt]] neɣ tamhazt tanaktamt, anda [[tatlulleɣt|titlullɣin]] d [[Abẓiẓ|yibẓaẓ]] d [[aburjij|iburjijen]] gan d ibureɣsen i d-itekken seg tallit n temhazt tanaktamt anda amgarad gar n ibureɣsen imawaṭen d yifrax-is d win ibanen s waṭas == Assaɣ n ibureɣsen d wemdan == [[Tugna:Aedes_aegypti_biting_human.jpg|thumb|Tizit n tawla tawraɣt d aburɣes ajenṭad issenṭaṭen aṭṭan n [[tawla tawraɣt.]]]] Aṭas seg twaculin n ibureɣsen ttumeggzent d tijenṭadin yerna tthewwilent amdan, ibureɣsen ittumeggzen d ijenṭaden akka gan d [[tadast|tadasin]], [[tilkit|tilkin]], [[izi|izan]] yakk d [[aselluf|isellufen]], anda tiwaculin-a d tid yessenṭaṭen aṭas n telmas n [[aṭṭan|waṭṭanen]] ma d [[aramud|iramuden]] yakk d [[ajṛad|yijṛaden]] d wid iṭṭurrayen imɣan d imendiyen. D ayen yeǧǧan aṭas n imusnawen ad mmuzzgen s tezrawt n tarrayin yemgaraden i wakken ad sneɣden deg umdan n ibureɣsen anda i ssemrasen [[imsenger]] n tillicin. Maca taggara ayi uɣalen ttganayen ugar ɣef iɣunab n usenɣed igamanen d yisnudranen. == Ẓeṛ daɣen == * [[Tijedmenni]] * [[Amenzel]] * [[Tiṭṭa]] * [[Akuz]] [[Taggayt:iburɣas]] [[Taggayt:tasenburɣest]] [[Taggayt:Idurra n iɣersiwen]] 40o3452yaga0mnolf9z516weh6ideqe 116365 116364 2026-05-08T17:32:51Z Abillardoo 16203 /* Ẓeṛ daɣen */ 116365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Aburɣes''' (asget: '''ibureɣsen'''), ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Insecta''') d [[asmil (tasnudert)|asmil]] n [[aɣersiw|yiɣersiwen]] [[tiraɣlalin|iraɣlalen]] yeṭṭafaren [[astirf (tasnudert)|adur]] n [[Tiswermin|tuwrimin]], yerna ibureɣsen i d [[tasartut n tesnudert|asesmel]] yellan yakk s waṭas deg [[astirf (tasnudert)|wadur]] n tuwrimin. Ɣas akken ass-a yettwassen s yisem n '''Ubeɛɛuc''' neɣ '''Abexxuc''', maca sin n wawalen-a d uzligen, acku ttwakksen-d seg yirem aẓaṛan '''Aburɣes'''. Ibureɣsen mmalen-d tagrawt tuggtant deg [[amuddir|yimuddiren]] yakk yellan deg [[tagnit|tegnit]], acku deg usmil-a llant ugar n umelyun n [[talmest|telmas]] yettugelmen (ayen yegdan azgen n yimuddiren yellan deg tegnit). Maca, azal n 30 n imelyan n [[tawacult (tasnudert)|twaculin]] mazal urid (werɛad) ur [[tasartut n tesnudert|ttussemlen-t]], ayen i d-immalen 90% n yimudden yellan deg tegnit. Ar tura, ttwassemlen-d wazal n 5000 n [[talmest|telmas]] n [[Timzerɣlin|temzerɣlin]], d 2000 n [[talɣemt n yellu|tleɣmatin n yellu]] (tagmart n sidna Sliman), d 20,000 n telmas n [[abẓiẓ|yebẓaẓ]], d 170,000 n telmas [[aferṭeṭṭu|iferṭeṭṭa]] d [[afaylellis|ifaylellisen]] , d 170,000 d telmas n [[izi|yizan]] d 82,000 n telmas n [[Tizinfriwin|tzinfriwin]], d 360,000 n telmas n [[izinzer|izinzren]] d 110,000 n telmas n [[tizizwit|tzizwa]] d [[arẓaẓ|yerẓaẓen]] d [[ageṭṭuf|igeṭfen]] akken daɣen yellan wazal n 2 ar 5 n yimelyan n telmas ur nettwassen. == Amezruy n yiburɣas == iburɣas d [[aɣersiw|iɣersiwen]] imezwura i d-ibanen yakk deg [[tagnit|tegnit]], Aya send n 435 imelyan n yiseggasen, ɣef wannect-a tella-d d iɣersiwen imenza yakk yettferfiren acku zwaren-d [[iptiṛusuren]] s wazal n 204 n yimelyan n yiseggasen. == Asesmel ussnan == {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:20em;" | {| style="background:Transparent; border:solid 0 #503df9;" ! colspan="4" style="background:#E6D09D" |[[Tasartut n tesnudert|Asesmel]] |- |<div style="width:105%; max-height:600px; overflow:auto;"></div> |- |} {| | rowspan="4" style="background:#ECF4ED" |'''ibureɣsen''' | colspan="3" style="background:#ECF4ED" | {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="float:left; background:Transparent;" ![[Taynaslamin]] |- | style="border-top: 1px solid black;" |-[[Tidfernegzanin]] - 470 |} |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#ECF4ED" |'''[[Tasnaslamin]]''' | colspan="2" style="background:#ECF4ED" | {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; background:Transparent;" ![[Tarfriwin]] |- | style="border-top: 1px solid black;" |-[[Tizzardfarin]]<200 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Munura]] |} |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#ECF4ED" |'''[[Timsefriwin]]''' | style="background:#ECF4ED" | {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; background:Transparent;" ![[Timzifriwin]] |- | style="border-top: 1px solid black;" |-[[izimay]]- 2,500–<3,000 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Timzerɣlin]]- 6,500 |} |- | style="background:#ECF4ED" | {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; background:Transparent;" ![[Tatrafriwin]] |- | style="border-top: 1px solid black;" |-[[Tizeglelluyin]] – 3,684–4,000 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[izinzren]] – 360,000–400,000 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[imerzel|Timerzlin]] – 1,816 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tasenfriwin]] – 152,956 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tidderfriwin]] – 200–300 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tizinfriwin]] – 50,000–80,000 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tadlafriwin]] – 115,000 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tikebrfriwin]] – 174,250 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tileɣmatin n yellu]] – 2,200 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tiɣzefriwin]] – 481 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tihrifriwin]] – 250–300 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Taẓaṛfriwin]] – 5,000 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tidefrifriwin]] – 30 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tusridfriwin]] – 24,380 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tiẓɣuɣin (tafesna)|Tiẓɣuɣin]] – 2,500–3,300 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tilkinin]] – 3,000–3,200 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Timdelfriwin]] – 2,274 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tiɣẓefriwin]] – 5,500 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[izizrem|Tizizermin]] – 210 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tikurdin]] – 2,525 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tibernfriwin]] – 596 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tiblawfriwin]] – 5,000 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[izi bu tmecrag]] – 12,627 |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tizuraptirin]] – 28 |} |} |- | [[Aɣawas azuẓlan]] i tegrawin n iburɣas imidduren،<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.tolweb.org/Insecta/8205 | title = Insecta | date = 2002 | publisher = Tree of Life Web Project | access-date = 12 mayyu 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190402093445/http://www.tolweb.org/Insecta/8205 | archive-date = 2 yebrir 2019 }}</ref> D wuṭṭun n telmas i yal tagrawt.<ref name="number">{{cite book|author =Erwin, Terry L.|date=1997|title=Biodiversity at its utmost: Tropical Forest Beetles|pages=27–40}} In: {{cite book|editor1=Reaka-Kudla, M. L.|editor2=Wilson, D. E.|editor3=Wilson, E. O.|title=Biodiversity II|publisher=Joseph Henry Press, Washington, D.C.}}</ref> [[Tarfriwin]]، [[Timzifriwin]]، d [[Tuffiɣfriwin| ]] ahat-itent d tigrawin [[azunẓar|tizunẓarin]]. |} == Tilmas n yiburɣas == Imusnawen n yiburɣas ufan-d d akken uṭṭun n yiburɣas deg yal Amil amkuẓ (1 Mill ⁴) yegda uṭṭun n [[afgan|yifganen]] yellan deg [[tagnit|tegnit]] yakk acku llan-t imelyan n [[talmest|telmas]] akken daɣen id snirrimen seg 5 ar 7 n yigimen n telmas deg yal aseggas. Acku d akken llan-t waṭas n [[tawacult (tasnudert)|twaculin]] d telmas d [[tafesna (tasnudert)|tfesna]] yemgaraden, yettili-d uglam-nsent s waṭas n tegrawin gar-asent: === Izinezren === {{Main|Izinzer}} [[Tugna:Dungbeetle.jpg|right|thumb|150x150px|[[Aẓerri]].]] Izinezren ssiliɣen-d tagrawt meqqren yakk n ibureɣsen s wazal n 300.000 n telmas yemgaraden, akken i yezmer ad yili userwes-nsen yakk d [[tinaɣlalin|yiɣersiwen inaɣlalen]] am [[aslem|yiselman]] d [[agṭiṭ|yigṭaṭ]] d [[tikelmanin|tkelmanin]] d [[timraradin|temraradin]] d [[timsuṭad|temsuṭaṭ]] i gebren seg 43,000 n telmas kan. Iglamen yettwaskaden s tuget deg yizinezren d tayuga n yifraren n wafriwen imehzen seg tyuga tamenzut n wafriwen. [[Tugna:Ladybird.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|[[Mrim migran]].]] Seg telmas yettwassnen yakk deg tfesna n izinezren d [[tamyigrant]] yettidiren deg yakk [[amenẓaw|imenẓawen]] (anagar [[Antraktika]]) anda i d-tessiluɣ tagrawt taxatart n [[tagemra|tnegmarin]], Tla azal meqqren deg wučči n [[agulaf|igulafen]] d [[iwakuzen]] i ṭṭurrayen imɣan, dɣa anecta d ayen yeǧǧan imekrazen ad ten-tt-senkeren ===Iferṭeṭṭa d ifaylellisen=== {{Main|Afaylellis|Aferṭeṭṭu}} D ayen yemrayen (iweɛṛen) ad tili tukza n imgaraden gar n [[Afaylellis|ifaylellisen]] d [[aferṭeṭṭu|yiferṭeṭṭa]] maca tukza n umgarad-a tezmer ad tili sɣur n tallit n urmud-nsent d kra n imaskanen-nsent anda azal ameqran n ifaylellisen ttbinen-tt-d deg yiṭ akken i lant [[timejjiwin]] n wefriw yerna ṭeffsent afriwen-nsenrt s talɣa taglawant ɣef izaguren-nsent. Ma d iferṭeṭṭa ttferfiren deg wass yerna lant timejjiwin yettfakkan s tuffet akken i ṭeffsen afriwen-nsen s talɣa taratakt ɣef yizaguren-nsen. Dɣa izagen-a n umgarad d ixataren s waṭas. === Izan === {{Main|Izi}} [[Tugna:Close-up of Chrysomya (Old World blow fly) on a green leaf.jpg|thumb|180x180px|Izi n usameɣ azegzaw, d yiwet n telmast n ibureɣsen [[tijjenṭedt|ajenṭad]]]] Yezmer ad yili ufriri n tegrawt-a taxatart meqqren gar n ibureɣsen yakk, anda i tla yiwet n tyuga n wafriwen ma d tayuga tis snat yuɣal meẓẓiy i wakken ad yuɣal d allal n umejgugel yemmugen am umesraf. Dɣa [[tadast]] s [[talmest|telmas-is]] yemgaraden iga d amedya igerrzen i yigmamen n tegrawt-a, anda yettwassen s ukerrec-is itekkmen (iqerrḥen) akken i d-tesskaray [[urnan]]. == Irẓaẓen, Irẓuzen, Tizizwa yakk d yigeṭfen == {{Main|Arẓaẓ|rẓuzen|Tizizwa| Ageṭṭuf}} [[Tugna:European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg|right|thumb|180x180px|Tazizwit n tamment.]] Tizizwa d tagrawt meqqren n ibureɣsen, amur ameqran deg-sent ttidirent deg tehrest anda ixeddment yakk i ubaɣur imezdi. Amedya: tahrest n [[tizizwa n tamment|tzizwa n tamment]] tettwasemmes ɣef tgellidt tameqrant yettilin d tagensast ɣef usersi n tmellalin, ma d tawuri n iwetmen d asebrer n tmellalin n tgellidt. Deg wakud anda ixeddment tqeddacin imahilen niden. Dɣa timettiyin n igeṭfen d yirẓaẓen d wid yettemcabin timetti n tzizwa anda ttidirent deg tegrawin i teddmen aṭas n yigmamen i ttemyallalen gugar-asen. === Ikurdan d tilkin === {{Main|Tilkit|Ikurdan}} [[File:Male human head louse.jpg|thumb|284x284px|[[Tilkit]] deg uqerru n wemdan.]] [[Ikurdan]] d [[Tilkit|tilkin]] d ijenṭaden yettidiren deg wamur uffiɣ n tfekka n umesnubget-is. Tilmas-a isnat-nsent ur lint ara afriwen. Mekknent [[timsuṭad]] (gar-asent andan) yakk d [[agṭiṭ|yigṭaṭ]] anda ittsummunt idammen i wakken ad farsent timellalin, ayen yettaǧǧa ad sneṭṭen aṭas n tlmas n waṭṭanen, dɣa [[tasakrart]] n [[tarka|terka]] yakk d [[tarka taberkant|terka taberkant]] yenfufden deg [[Turuft|Uruppa]] d [[tamurt n Leqbayel|tmurt n Yiqbayliyen]] deg [[tallit talemmas]] yedda yerna yenfufed s yikurdan ittidiren deg tfekkiwin n [[aɣuli|iɣuliwen]] iy ṭṭef waṭṭan-a. Ma d aṭṭan n Tifus ittili-d deg tamiwin yumsen yeččuren d tilkin i d-tissawaṭen seg wemdan ɣer wemdan niden. === Ibẓaẓ, Ijṛaden, Iwerǧeǧǧiyen === {{Main|Abẓiẓ|Ajṛad|Awerǧeǧǧi|Aburjij|Azeglellu}} [[Tugna:Chorthippus_biguttulus_f_8835.jpg|thumb|284x284px|[[Abẓiẓ]].]] D tagrawt n warrasen d [[timestuga]] i tetten s waṭas. Anda i d-gellunt s isettwiɣen i yilan n wemdan. Anda [[abẓiẓ|ibẓaẓ]] d [[aburjij|iburjijen]] d yibureɣsen ittilin deg wurtan d yilmayen ur d-gellun ara s usettwiɣ meqqren i yimdanen, maca imdanen kerhen-ten s usrag n tmeẓri-ines ilicen d imesli-ines. Ma d [[ajṛad]] de win isettwaɣayen s waṭas imendiyen d yimmaden. [[Tugna:Cockroachcloseup.jpg|thumb|284x284px|[[Azeglellu]].]] Dɣa [[Azeglellu|izeglella]] d yisen seg yigmamen yettwassnen yakk deg tegrawt-a, acku yettili deg yakk ideggan anda yettili wemdan, anda yettwaf ama deg yixxamen neɣ deg wanda iṭṭeggiren igudiyen. == Učči == Iburɣas d [[amuddir|imuddiren]] ig tetten aṭas n [[Učči|wučči]] ya d učči [[imɣan|amɣaw]] neɣ [[aɣersiw|aɣersaw]], llan iburɣas ig tetten [[aksum]] d [[iɣess|iɣsan]] d [[idammen]] d [[acencaw|ucencaw]] akken daɣen illan iburɣas ig tetten [[asɣaṛ]] == Tudert n uburɣes == === Asileɣ === Aṭas n ibureɣsen ttlalen-d i wakken ad qqimen d imeẓyanen. Acku amur ameqran n ibureɣsen beddun tudert-nsen s agensu n tmellalt anda i tettili tettwaggeẓ s teclemt yeqquren. [[Tawtemt]] tessrusay aṭas n tmellalin, Amedya: tawtemt n [[izi|yizi]] tessrusay 1000 n tmellalin deg 15 n wussan kan maca mi ara ad frurxent tmellalin-nni anagar kra n yizan Kan ara ad iqqimen d imidduren. Dɣa anecta yegguni ɣef twennaṭ anda yettidir uburɣes (ma yella wučči d yiba n [[tagemra|tnegmarin]]). === Tamhazt === Amur ameqran n ibureɣsen ttefrurxen-d seg tmellalin itessrusay tayemmat-nsen deg yiferran n yimɣan neɣ deg waman neɣ deg tamiwin niden. Maca llant tilmas niden i d-ittmagen deg tmellalt s agensu n tfekka n tayemmat sin akin ad ilal d amiddur. Maca, s umata-nsen ttaken-d seg waṭas n talliyin n ibeddilen mi ara ad gemmun, ma d asrag yettaǧǧan ibureɣsen ad scelmen taɣessa-nsen tuffiɣt yettuɣal ɣer tɣuri n teclemt-nsen ittikrisen ɣef uburɣes mi ara ad igmu, dɣa srid mi ara ad iffeɣ uburɣes seg tɣessa-ines ad yimɣur w ad s-temmag tɣessa d tamaynut. Azal ameqran n ibureɣsen ttekken-d seg yiwen gar n snat n telmas n [[tamhazt|temhazt]], igan ya d [[tamhazt tummidt]] neɣ tamhazt tanaktamt, anda [[tatlulleɣt|titlullɣin]] d [[Abẓiẓ|yibẓaẓ]] d [[aburjij|iburjijen]] gan d ibureɣsen i d-itekken seg tallit n temhazt tanaktamt anda amgarad gar n ibureɣsen imawaṭen d yifrax-is d win ibanen s waṭas == Assaɣ n ibureɣsen d wemdan == [[Tugna:Aedes_aegypti_biting_human.jpg|thumb|Tizit n tawla tawraɣt d aburɣes ajenṭad issenṭaṭen aṭṭan n [[tawla tawraɣt.]]]] Aṭas seg twaculin n ibureɣsen ttumeggzent d tijenṭadin yerna tthewwilent amdan, ibureɣsen ittumeggzen d ijenṭaden akka gan d [[tadast|tadasin]], [[tilkit|tilkin]], [[izi|izan]] yakk d [[aselluf|isellufen]], anda tiwaculin-a d tid yessenṭaṭen aṭas n telmas n [[aṭṭan|waṭṭanen]] ma d [[aramud|iramuden]] yakk d [[ajṛad|yijṛaden]] d wid iṭṭurrayen imɣan d imendiyen. D ayen yeǧǧan aṭas n imusnawen ad mmuzzgen s tezrawt n tarrayin yemgaraden i wakken ad sneɣden deg umdan n ibureɣsen anda i ssemrasen [[imsenger]] n tillicin. Maca taggara ayi uɣalen ttganayen ugar ɣef iɣunab n usenɣed igamanen d yisnudranen. == Ẓeṛ daɣen == * [[Tijedmenni]] * [[Amenzel]] * [[Tiṭṭa]] * [[Akuz]] * [[Tuccent n waman]] [[Taggayt:ibureɣsen]] [[Taggayt:tasenburɣest]] [[Taggayt:Idurra n iɣersiwen]] 0vqqhl98u53s47lvv3k2g7q7izunwjn Abẓiẓ 0 17550 116362 87911 2026-05-08T17:17:09Z Abillardoo 16203 /* */ 116362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Abẓiẓ''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Caelifera''') d tagrawt n [[aburɣas|yibureɣsen]] yeṭṭafaren [[tafesna (tasnudert)|tafesna]] n [[Tuserdefriwin|tuɣdafriwin]], yezmer ad intteg i wustum yugaren teɣzi-ines s waṭas n tikkal. == Amgarad gar n webẓiẓ d [[Aberru|uberru]] == Abẓiẓ yettemcabi s waṭas ar [[Aberru|uberru]] maca mgaraden deg: * [[Timejjiwin|Timejjatin]] ɣezzifen deg zdat n wudem * Tafekka hrawen * [[Afriw|afriwen]] yugaren adis s waṭas * Abẓiẓ d [[aburɣas]] [[timestuga|amestugan]] yakk d [[timseksumin|amseksum]] dec yiwen n wakud, ma d aberru d amsetugan kan == Ẓeṛ daɣen == pcm252v203wqamphcugle720cehhpur 116363 116362 2026-05-08T17:18:07Z Abillardoo 16203 116363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Abẓiẓ''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Caelifera''') d tagrawt n [[aburɣas|yibureɣsen]] yeṭṭafaren [[tafesna (tasnudert)|tafesna]] n [[Tuserdefriwin|tuɣdafriwin]], yezmer ad intteg i wustum yugaren teɣzi-ines s waṭas n tikkal. == Amgarad gar n webẓiẓ d [[Aberru|uberru]] == Abẓiẓ yettemcabi s waṭas ar [[Aberru|uberru]] maca mgaraden deg: * [[Timejjiwin|Timejjatin]] ɣezzifen deg zdat n wudem * Tafekka hrawen * [[Afriw|afriwen]] yugaren adis s waṭas * Abẓiẓ d [[aburɣas]] [[timestuga|amestugan]] yakk d [[timseksumin|amseksum]] dec yiwen n wakud, ma d aberru d amsetugan kan == Ẓeṛ daɣen == [[Taggayt:tuɣdafriwin]] [[Taggayt:ibureɣsen]] [[Taggayt:tifesniwin n ibureɣsen]] enimt4082fhxst85gorw7jxkhyesq8e Aburjij 0 22171 116368 102892 2026-05-08T18:01:57Z Abillardoo 16203 /* */ 116368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aburjij''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Gryllus''') d [[tawsit (tudersent)|tawsit]] n [[aburɣes|yibureɣsen]] yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[iburjijen|yiburjijen]] deg [[tafesna (tasnudert)|tfesna]] n [[tuɣdafriwin]]<ref>tansa Taxonomicon (s teglizit) Taxonomicon [http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=18037 tawsit n uburjij ] azemz n unekcum 01 ɣuct 2013 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205093022/http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=18037 |date=05 dujamber 2017}}</ref><ref>anagraw n isalan isesmilanen ummid (s teglizit) ITIS [http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=65770 tawsit n uburjij ] azemz n unekcum 01 ɣuct 2013 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206074554/https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=657701 |date=06 dujamber 2017}}</ref><ref> NCBI (s teglizit) NCBI [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=6998&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock tawsit n uburjij ] azemz n unekcum 01 ɣuct 2013 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211061544/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=6998&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock |date=11 dujamber 2017}}</ref>. Ila sin n yiḍarren s deffir n tfekka-ines ttaǧǧant ad yentteg ɣer yimaccaqen yugaren ableɣ-ines d tiddi-ines s waṭas n tikkal. Aburjij d abuɣes iremmden (iqeddcen) deg yiḍ, ma deg wass iɣɣaz imrujen n isegnen i wakken ad yesgunfu deg-sen. Azal ameqran n telmas-is tettent iferran n yimɣan maca llant kra n telmas yettidiren deg yimudaɣ tettent ibureɣsen. == Asedger == == Umuɣ n telmas == == Imniren == == Ẓeṛ daɣen == [[Taggayt:Aburjij]] [[Taggayt:Ibureɣsen]] [[Taggayt:Iburjijen]] [[Taggayt:tusrifriwin]] [[Taggayt:Tiwsitin n yibureɣsen]] [[Taggayt:Tiwsitin n tusrifriwin]] 4l0oflrlxdrfj3k26k73i4c1gcdxkcu Taggayt:Tuɣdafriwin 14 22173 116369 102890 2026-05-08T18:03:10Z Abillardoo 16203 Abillardoo yebeddel isem n usebtar seg [[Taggayt:Tusrifriwin]] ar [[Taggayt:Tuɣdafriwin]] 102890 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Tigzi Taragmawant 0 25455 116361 116349 2026-05-08T12:48:57Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116361 wikitext text/x-wiki Tigzi taragmawant neɣ Tigzi n tmacint (IA) d aḥric agejdan deg '''tsenselkimt''' i yessegzayen amek ara nefk i tmacinin neɣ i '''yiselkimen''' tazmert akken ad xedmen tiwuriwin i yesran tigzi n umdan. Gar tiwuriwin-a, nezmer ad nebder: almad, asissen n wawal d tutlayin, tuffɣa n tigtiwin (tifrat) i wuguren deg yal aḥric, akked tmuɣli d usekfel n tugniwin. == Tigzi Taragmawant (IA): Amezruy, Tiwuriwin d Yinalkamen deg Yimal == === Amezruy d Temhazt === Xas akken asugen n tmacinin i yesɛan tazmert n tidmi yella-d zik deg tsekla, aḥric-a n tussna ibedd s wudem unṣib deg yiseggasen n 1950. S tmuɣli ɣer umezruy n tiktut-a, nezmer ad t-nebḍu ɣef kraḍ(tlata) talliyin: * '''Tallit n usugen:''' Deg yiseggasen imenza, imusnawen llan ssexdamen iwarzimen isehlen iwakken ad fken i tmacint asurif amezwaru n usegzi(ufeham). Tallit-a tebda-d mi d-yebda wemdan yettxemmim amek ara yessers tiḥerci d tegzi-ines deg tmacint. Nezmer ad nebḍu tallit-a ɣef kra n tneqqiḍin tigejdanin: # '''Alan Turing d Ukayad-is (1950):''' Send ad d-iban yisem n "Tigzi Taragmawant", amusnaw n tusnakt d tsenselkimt Alan Turing yessers-d yiwen n usteqsi agejdan: ''"Tzemmer tmacint ad txemmem?"''. Iwakken ad d-yerr ɣef usteqsi-a, yesnulfa-d ayen umi ssawalen "Akayad n Turing" (Test de Turing). Iswi n ukayad-a d asekfel ma yezmer uselkim ad yurar d umdan s wudem ara yeǧǧen amdan ur yefhim ara ma yettmeslay d tmacint neɣ d amdan nniḍen. # '''Agraw n Dartmouth (1956) - Anekcum unṣib:''' D agraw-a i d-yessentun aḥric-a s wudem unṣib. Imusnawen imeqqranen am John McCarthy d Marvin Minsky jemɛen-d akken ad sbedden tasekniremt (terminologie) n tussna-ya tamaynut. D John McCarthy i d-yesnulfan irem-a n '''"Tigzi Taragmawant"''' i tikkelt tamezwarut. # '''Iwarzimen imenza d usegzi:''' Deg yiseggasen-a imenza, imusnawen llan sxeddamen '''iwarzimen''' imenza, yeshel usenked-nsen, iwakken ad fken i tmacint asurif amezwaru n '''usegzi'''. Ssexdamen-ten iwakken ad ferun tigda tifelsafiyin, ad uraren ccetranǧ, neɣ ad d-suddmen taywalt taḥerfit, am wahil "ELIZA" i d-yettarran awal i yimdanen am wakken d amsujji asnafsan. # '''Tilisa d "Tagrest n Tegzi":''' Asugen n yimusnawen n tallit-nni yella meqqer aṭas; llan ttɣilen s ssehala ara d-snulfun timacinin i yesɛan tigzi yettcabin ɣer tin n umdan. Maca, mmlalen-d d tlisa n yimir-nni: iselkimen ur sɛin ara '''taẓwert n usiḍen''' iwatan, yernu ulac isefka isemmaden iwakken ad yili wemhaz. Ayagi yewwi-d ɣer tnaqṣit n wallalen d tedrimt i usnerni n unadi-a, d ayen i d-yeglan s tallit n tnezzut i wumi ssawalen "Anegres n Tegzi Taragmawant". S umata, tallit-a n usugen d akud n wuguren lqayen d iswa imeqqranen. Xas akken tella-d deqs n tmuɣli i wuguren n tegzi, d tallit-a i d-yeṣṣawen abrid i tneflit i d-itebɛen mi d-yernu lǧehd n yiselkimen deg yiseggasen i d-idefren. * '''Tallit n Tezmert n Usiḍen (Iseggasen n 1980 - 2000): Asaki d Tneflit n Yiselkimen:''' Mi banen iselkimen yelhan d '''teẓwert''' n usiḍen tameqqrant, tennerna tegzi taragmawant s waṭas. Deffir tallit-nni n tegrest n tegzi, ibda-d usirem amaynut deg yiseggasen n 80. Ayen i d-yewwin abeddel-a mačči kan d tiktiwin timaynutin deg tsenselkimt, maca d '''angaw''' s timmad-is i yenneflan yernu yeffeɣ-d seg tlisa-ines timezwura. Atent-a tneqqiḍin tigejdanin n tallit-a: # '''Asnerni n Teẓwert n Usiḍen:''' Iselkimen uɣalen ǧehden yernu rxeṣen (ṣṣawḍen ɣer yixxamen d tkebbaniyin). Itebɛ-d ayagi "Asaḍuf n Moore", i d-yeqqaren d akken tazmert n yiselkimen tettnerni s waṭas yal sdis d mraw (18) n wayyuren. Ayagi yefka-d afud ameqqran i yimussnawen iwakken ad sseddun '''iwarzimen''' ixnazen i wumi ur zmiren ara zik. # '''Inagrawen Imussnawen :''' Deg umkan ad nexdem timacinin yesɛan tigzi tamatut am wemdan, imusnawen bdan xeddmen ihallen uzzigen deg yiwen kan n uḥric. Amedya: aḥric n tujjya neɣ n takrura. Fkan-as i tmacint isuḍaf d tmussni lqayen n yimsujjiyen d yimussnawen, dɣa tuɣal tezmer ad d-tefk tifrat i waṭṭanen neɣ i wuguren icudden ɣer taɣult-nni. # '''Tuɣalin n Yiẓeḍwa n Iṛununen Iragmawanen:''' Tikti n yiẓeḍwa n iṛununen tella-d zik (deg tallit n usugen), maca llan ḥebsen imi ulac '''teẓwert n usiḍen''' iwatan iwakken ad ten-sseddun. Deg yiseggasen n 80 d 90, mi d-yernu lǧehd n yiselkimen, bdan ssexdamen tarrayin timaynutin n walmad, dɣa bdan yiẓeḍwa-ya ttarran-d igemmaḍ yelhan, ladɣa deg usekfel n yisekkilen (OCR) am usenqed n tebṛatin n lbusṭa. # '''Anekcum s Annar n Turart (Deep Blue - 1997):''' Yiwen seg yineḍruyen imeqqranen d imezruyanen n tallit-a d mi tezmer tmacint n IBM umi ssawalen "Deep Blue" ad ternu alɣuɣ n umaḍal deg turart n ccetranǧ, Garry Kasparov. Tamsudemt-a ur telmid ara weḥd-s, maca tesseqdec '''taẓwert n usiḍen''' tameqqrant iwakken ad tessenqad d imelyan n tuddsa deg yiwet n tasint. Ayagi yessebgen-d d akken tmacint tezmer ad teɣleb amdan deg tsertit n uswir aɛlayan. '''S umata:''' Tallit-a mačči d tin i d-yewwin almad aselkiman s wudem-is atrar, maca d tin i d-yessersen azadur(llsas) n wangaw d wuzzal i tallit i d-itebɛen. Imi tesnerna tmacint deg '''tezmert n usiḍen''', teẓẓel abrid iwakken tigzi taragmawant ad tessemres ayen i d-yusan deffir-s: ''Isefka Imeqqranen (Big Data).'' * '''Tallit Tatrart (Seg 2010 ar ass-a): Isefka Imeqqranen d Walmad Lqayen:''' Deg yiseggasen-a ineggura, s tilin n yisefka imeqqranen (données massive / Big Data) akked wesnulfu n iẓeḍwa n iṛununen iragmawanen, tuɣal tegzi taragmawant tezmer ad telmed weḥd-s ('''Almad Aselkiman''' neɣ ''Machine Learning''). Tallit-a tbedd ɣef sin n yigejdan imeqqranen i d-yemlalen deg yiwen n wakud: asnerni ageɛmir n yisefka akked tezmert n usiḍen n tkaṛdiwin n udlif (GPU) i d-yefkan afud meqqren i yiselkimen. Atent-a tneqqiḍin tigejdanin n tallit-a: * '''Aṭuqqet n Yisefka (Big Data):''' S tneflit n internet, isilkimen n ufus, d yiẓeḍwa inmettiyen, imdanen bdan ssefrakawen isefka s wamḍan ur nesɛi tilisa yal ass. Isefka-ya imeqqranen uɣalen d aseṛɣu i tmacinin iwakken ad lemden s wudem ifazen. * '''Almad Lqayen (Deep Learning):''' Imi tura tella '''teẓwert n usiḍen''' akked yisefka imeqqranen, imusnawen rran-d '''iẓeḍwa n iṛununen iragmawanen''' s wudem lqayen (s waṭas n tissiwin). Tarrayt-a n walmad aselkiman tewwi-d igemmaḍ igerrzen aṭas, ladɣa deg usekfel n tugniwin d usegzi n tutlayt tagamant. * '''Tigzi Taragmawant Tasarawt:''' D aḥric amaynut i d-yufraren s waṭas deg yiseggasen-a ineggura. S useqdec n tmudmin timeqqranin n tutlayt (LLM), tigzi taragmawant tuɣal d '''asaraw''' n uḍris, n tugniwin, d tengalt. Tezmer ula ad '''tserwes''' taywalt akked wemdan s wudem yessewhamen. * '''Uguren n Tudert n Tbaḍnit d Tmililɣi:''' S usemres ameqqran n yisefka udmawanen i walmad n tmudmin-a, yekker-d wugur ameqqran ɣef wamek ara nḥader '''tudert n tbaḍnit''' n yimdanen, akked wamek ara nessileɣ '''iwarzimen''' war miḥyaf neɣ asɣel. '''S umata:''' Tallit tatrart d asurif ameqqran anda tigzi taragmawant teffeɣ-d seg yinadiyen n tesdawiyin ɣer tudert-nneɣ n yal ass. Tebna ɣef '''uzadur''' n wangaw ǧehden d tuddsa n yisefka imeqqranen, yernu la tessewjaday abrid ɣer yimal anda tmacint ad tezmer ad txeddem tiwuriwin ugar. === Amek i tteddu Tegzi Taragmawant? === Akken ad telḥu tamsudemt n tegzi taragmawant, tesra kraḍ n tgejditin: ==== Isefka: Aseṛɣu n Tegzi Taragmawant ==== Akken tkerrust tesra i '''useṛɣu''' iwakken ad telḥu, Tigzi Taragmawant tesra i yisefka iwakken ad telmed yernu ad tmahel. S war isefka, '''iwarzimen''' d tmacinin ur zmiren ad xedmen acemma. Nezmer ad nebḍu tamiḍrant n yisefka ɣef kṛaḍ n tneqqiḍin tigejdanin: * '''Tiwsitin n Yisefka:''' Isefka ur llin ara d yiwet n tewsit. Zemren ad ilin d iḍrisen, tugniwin, imesla, inawen n tvidyut, neɣ Tifelwiyin ččurent d izwilen. D isefka-ya i d aselmad amezwaru i '''yiẓeḍwa n iṛununen iragmawanen'''. * '''Taɣara Uqbel''' '''Ddeqs:''' Xas akken tigzi taragmawant tebna ɣef yisefka imeqqranen (Big Data), maca taɣara n yisefka-ya d nettat i d '''azadur'''. Ma nsečč i tmacint isefka ixuṣṣen, yesɛan tuccḍiwin neɣ igebren yiwen wudem n usɣel kan, igemmaḍ-is ad ilin ur gerrzen ara. Yella yiwen n wawal agejdan deg tsenselkimt yeqqaren: "Ayen n dir i tessekcmeḍ, d ayen n dir ara d-yeffɣen" (Garbage in, Garbage out). * '''Asizdeg d Uceṛṛeḍ:''' Uqbel ad nessiweḍ isefka ɣer tmacint, yessefk ad ttwasizdgen. Imassanen n yisefka ssufuɣen aṭas n wakud iwakken ad kksen tucḍiwin yernu ad ssegmen tuddsa. Tikkwal, isefka sran ad ttwačerḍen. Amedya, ma nebɣa ad neslmed tmacint ad tɛeqqel "aɣyul" deg tugniwin, ilaq ad as-nefk aṭas n tugniwin yettwačerḍen s yisem n uɣyul akken ad tizmirt ad d-tefk '''asaraw''' iwatan neɣ ad '''tserwes''' ayen i d-twala. * '''Tudert n Tbaḍnit d Wamdan:''' Imi amur ameqqran n yisefka-ya ttusdukkulen-d seg yimdanen (internet, inagrawen inmettiyen...), amesten n '''tudert n tbaḍnit''' yettuɣal d asurif agejdan. Tura, tuɣal-d d taḍullit iwakken ad nessileɣ iwarzimen s yisefka war ma nessedra lbaḍna neɣ izarfen n wemdan. ==== Iwarzimen: Amutur n Tegzi Taragmawant ==== Ma yella isefka d aseṛɣu i d-yettfakkan fad i tmacint, '''iwarzimen''' d amutur neɣ d allaɣ iselkiman i iseddayen aseṛɣu-nni. War iwarzimen ifazen, isefka d aṭemmu kan ur nesɛi anamek. Nezmer ad nebḍu amahil n yiwarzimen-a ɣef tneqqiḍin-a tigejdanin: * '''Iẓeḍwa n Iṛununen Iragmawanen:''' Tasegda n yiwarzimen-a tewwi-d asugen-is seg wallaɣ n wemdan. Tcuddu iṛununen iragmawanen deg waṭas n tissiwin. Ayen i d-ikeccmen (isefka) ad iɛeddi seg tissi ɣer tayeḍ, yal yiwet tessalay aswir n tegzi akken ad d-yeffeɣ d '''asaraw''' yeddzen yernu yeffeɣ-d akken iwulam. * '''Almad d Uṣeggem:''' Iwarzimen n tegzi taragmawant ur ttwasettfen ara s yisuḍaf udmisen. Ttalmaden s uɛiwed d termit. Yal tikelt mi ara ɛerḍen ad d-fken agmuḍ, ssemsawayen taẓayt/iɣewwaṛen-nsen akken ad sneqsen tuccḍiwin zdat n yisefka n walmad. D anect-a i ten-yettarran d imassanen s wakud. * '''Timudmin Timeqqranin n Tutlayt (LLM):''' Iwarzimen-a uzzigen ttwaxedmen s tseddi iwakken ad gzun yernu ad d-fken '''isemliyen''' d yiḍrisen. Ssexdamen aṭas n tmusniwin icudden ɣer tsenselkimt d tseqqart iwakken ad d-ẓren d acu n wawal i yessefk ad d-itebɛen wayeḍ s wudem amseɣtu yernu iwulman. * '''Asaraw n Umaynut:''' Ayen i d-yessufɣen iwarzimen imaynuten n tegzi taragmawant ɣer tafat, d tizemert-nsen ad d-snulfun ayen ur nelli ara yakan. Mgal iwarzimen iqburen i d-yettaran ɣef tseqsiyin s wayen yellan kan, wigi ssexdamen ayen lemden iwakken ad d-fken tugniwin timaynutin, iḍrisen isnulfuyen, neɣ ula d '''isemliyen''' n tengalt tamaynut. i1arpqukbc7i9xj7zlyofgc5g3jp3p4 Tuccent n waman 0 25461 116366 2026-05-08T17:33:48Z Abillardoo 16203 Asebtar amaynut: {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Tuccent n waman''' ([[isem ussnan]]: ('''Gryllotalpidae''') d [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[aburɣes|yibureɣsen]] [[tuɣdafriwin|imuɣdafriwen]] yeṭṭafaren [[adu-tfesna|tader-fesna]] n [[tidemgesturin]]. Ibureɣsen-a ɣɣazen isegnen s [[acekkab (aburɣes)|yicekkaben]] n zdan iy nneflin i waya. == Taskant == == Tiwsitin == == Imniren == [[Taggayt:tuɣdafriwin]] [[Taggayt:Ibureɣsen]] [[Taggayt:tidemgesturin]] 116366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Tuccent n waman''' ([[isem ussnan]]: ('''Gryllotalpidae''') d [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[aburɣes|yibureɣsen]] [[tuɣdafriwin|imuɣdafriwen]] yeṭṭafaren [[adu-tfesna|tader-fesna]] n [[tidemgesturin]]. Ibureɣsen-a ɣɣazen isegnen s [[acekkab (aburɣes)|yicekkaben]] n zdan iy nneflin i waya. == Taskant == == Tiwsitin == == Imniren == [[Taggayt:tuɣdafriwin]] [[Taggayt:Ibureɣsen]] [[Taggayt:tidemgesturin]] phcusp0pwfydw3obd23vry0jp4spnwt 116367 116366 2026-05-08T17:34:08Z Abillardoo 16203 /* */ 116367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Tuccent n waman''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Gryllotalpidae''') d [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[aburɣes|yibureɣsen]] [[tuɣdafriwin|imuɣdafriwen]] yeṭṭafaren [[adu-tfesna|tader-fesna]] n [[tidemgesturin]]. Ibureɣsen-a ɣɣazen isegnen s [[acekkab (aburɣes)|yicekkaben]] n zdan iy nneflin i waya. == Taskant == == Tiwsitin == == Imniren == [[Taggayt:tuɣdafriwin]] [[Taggayt:Ibureɣsen]] [[Taggayt:tidemgesturin]] 57r4rsr3dqhw732zn88nvcz0awwznag Taggayt:Tusrifriwin 14 25462 116370 2026-05-08T18:03:10Z Abillardoo 16203 Abillardoo yebeddel isem n usebtar seg [[Taggayt:Tusrifriwin]] ar [[Taggayt:Tuɣdafriwin]] 116370 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECTION [[:Taggayt:Tuɣdafriwin]] 2vpd0t0gu8j93sb5kifvfvw9nmzlfta Tuɣdafriwin 0 25463 116371 2026-05-08T18:12:38Z Abillardoo 16203 Asebtar amaynut: {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Tuɣdafriwin''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Orthoptera''') d yiwet n [[tafesna (tasnudert)|tafesna]] n [[aburɣes|yibureɣsen]] [[tufriwin|imufriwen]]. Tagrawt-a tegber seg wazal n 22.000 n [[talmest|telmas]] yettwassnen s [[afriw|wafriwen]] imaɣaden yakk d tfekkiwin-nsen, yerna azal ameqran deg-sent tettent imɣan, maca llant kra [[tagemra|tigmrawin]]. Tafesna ayi tebḍa ɣer snat [[adu-tfesna|taderfesniwin]]: [[tidemgesturin]] d [[abẓiẓ|yibẓaẓ]... 116371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Tuɣdafriwin''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Orthoptera''') d yiwet n [[tafesna (tasnudert)|tafesna]] n [[aburɣes|yibureɣsen]] [[tufriwin|imufriwen]]. Tagrawt-a tegber seg wazal n 22.000 n [[talmest|telmas]] yettwassnen s [[afriw|wafriwen]] imaɣaden yakk d tfekkiwin-nsen, yerna azal ameqran deg-sent tettent imɣan, maca llant kra [[tagemra|tigmrawin]]. Tafesna ayi tebḍa ɣer snat [[adu-tfesna|taderfesniwin]]: [[tidemgesturin]] d [[abẓiẓ|yibẓaẓ]]. == Taẓuni == == Aglam == == Umuɣ n tewsitin == == Imniren == [[Taggayt:tifesniwin n ibureɣsen]] ajnpvj48p9zq2qmfdgxv1rl87d7tl4y 116372 116371 2026-05-08T18:13:55Z Abillardoo 16203 116372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Tuɣdafriwin''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Orthoptera''') d yiwet n [[tafesna (tasnudert)|tafesna]] n [[aburɣes|yibureɣsen]] [[tufriwin|imufriwen]]. Tagrawt-a tegber seg wazal n 22.000 n [[talmest|telmas]] yettwassnen s [[afriw|wafriwen]] imaɣaden yakk d tfekkiwin-nsen, yerna azal ameqran deg-sent tettent imɣan, maca llant kra [[tagemra|tigmrawin]]. Tafesna ayi tebḍa ɣer snat [[adu-tfesna|taderfesniwin]]: [[tidemgesturin]] d [[abẓiẓ|yibẓaẓ]]. == Taẓuni == == Aglam == == Umuɣ n tewsitin == == Imniren == [[Taggayt:tifesniwin n ibureɣsen]] [[Taggayt:tufriwin]] m26mmohx3nlnlu5819nxqnbnue7ucb3 Tidemgesturin 0 25464 116373 2026-05-09T09:30:52Z Abillardoo 16203 Asebtar amaynut: {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Tidemgesturin''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Ensifera''') d [[adu-tfesna]] n [[aburɣes|yibureɣsen]] yezdin deg [[asismel ussnan|usismel]] yakk d [[abẓiẓ|yibẓaẓ]] deg [[tafesna (tasnudert)|tafesna]] n [[tuɣdafriwin]]. Tidemgesturin ttwassnent s tila-nsent (seɛɛu-nsent) i [[Amezray n tmellalin|umazray n tmellalin]] ɣer [[tawtemt|twetmin]] yemmugen am ugestur (dɣa isem-is Alatin seg teskant-a i d-yekka, acku awal ''ensis'' = agestur, yakk d ''f... 116373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Tidemgesturin''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Ensifera''') d [[adu-tfesna]] n [[aburɣes|yibureɣsen]] yezdin deg [[asismel ussnan|usismel]] yakk d [[abẓiẓ|yibẓaẓ]] deg [[tafesna (tasnudert)|tafesna]] n [[tuɣdafriwin]]. Tidemgesturin ttwassnent s tila-nsent (seɛɛu-nsent) i [[Amezray n tmellalin|umazray n tmellalin]] ɣer [[tawtemt|twetmin]] yemmugen am ugestur (dɣa isem-is Alatin seg teskant-a i d-yekka, acku awal ''ensis'' = agestur, yakk d ''ferre'' = ddem), akken i lant [[timejjiwin]] ɣezzifen yemmugen am ifilan ama ɣer [[awtem|yiwetmen]] neɣ ɣer twetmin. m8cso257atsvwyuf6r2sdgsnmncofqo