Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Sujet 0 174 116729 115617 2026-06-27T10:36:32Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox biography}} '''Yuba wis sin''' (-52/50 armi -23), mmi-s n ugellid [[Yuba I]], yella d agellid n [[Muriṭanya]]. Tameṭṭut-is tamezwarut d [[Kliyubatra Silini II|Kliyubatra Silini II.]] Yuba wis sin, neɣ Yuba II, d yiwen seg yigeldan imaziɣen yesɛan azal ameqqran deg umezruy n Tefriqt n Ugafa. Yella d agellid n Muriṭanya si 25 q.L.Ɛ arma d 23 d.L.Ɛ, yerna yella d argaz n yisallen, d amussnaw, d amyaru yessekcmen taɣerma tamaziɣt d tin n Yegrigiyen d Irumaniyen s wudem yemgaraden. Tudert-is d lmeɛna n wamek tamenkda tarrumanit teḥkem ɣef tmura n Tefriqt n Ugafa s webrid n yigeldan iḥbiben. == Laṣel-is d Temẓi-ines == Yuba wis sin ilul-d deg useggas n 52 q.L.Ɛ, d mmi-s n Yuba amezwaru, agellid n Numidiya. Mi yemmut baba-s deg yimenɣi mgal Irumaniyen deg useggas n 46 q.L.Ɛ, Yuba wis sin, yellan d aqcic meẓẓiyen, yettwawi ɣer Ruma am umḥebs n ṭrad. Maca, deg wemkan n yili d akli, [[Julius Caesar|Julyus Sisar]] d wid i d-yekkan deffir-as sseɣren-t deg wexxam aɣelnaw arumani, anda i yeɣra taɣuri tameqqrant n Yegrigiyen d Irumaniyen. Deg Ruma, Yuba yeɣra talatinit, tagrigit, taseknafrit d umezruy. Yuɣal d yiwen seg yimusnawen imeqqranen n wakud-nni, yessnen aṭas n tutlayin yerna yura aṭas n yidlisen ɣef umezruy, tarakalt d ugama. Taɣuri-agi tarrumanit teǧǧa-t ad yuɣal d umeɣrad agensay gar taɣerma tamaziɣt d tin tarrumanit. == Tuɣalin-is ɣer Tefriqt ugafa == Deg useggas n 25 q.L.Ɛ, [[Ugustus]], amenkad arumani amezwaru, yerra-d Yuba wis sin ɣer Tefriqt n Ugafa am ugellid n Muriṭanya, tagelda i d-yesnulfa seg sin n temnaḍin timeẓyanin timaziɣin. Tamaneɣt tamaynut n Muriṭanya tuɣal d Sisarya ([[Cercal]] ass-a deg Lezzayer). Ɣef wannect-a, Yuba yezweǧ [[Kliyubatra Silini II]], yelli-s n Kliyubatra VII n Maṣer d Markus Anṭunyus. Azwaǧ-agi yeǧǧa asdukkel gar snat n twaculin tiɣelnawin yettwassnen, yerna yesnernay tanezmart tasertant n Yuba deg temnaḍ n yilel agrakal. == Tadbelt d Tneflit == [[Tugna:Juba II of Numidia burial place.jpg|vignette|Aẓekka n Yuba ii akked tmeṭṭut-is di tipaza, di lezzayer.]] Tagelda n Yuba wis sin teǧǧa lǧerrat imeqqranen deg taɣerma d talsa. Yebna aṭas n yibniqen yesseḥman taɣerma tagrigit-tarrumanit deg tmurt tamaziɣt, gar-asen: '''Deg tsekla d yisallen''': Yesnulfa-d tamkarḍit tameqqrant deg Sisarya, i yuɣalen d yiwet seg tmeqqranin deg umeɣrad agrakal. Yessufeɣ-d aṭas n yidlisen ɣef umezruy n Libya, ɣef tarakalt n Tefriqt, d ɣef ugama. Idlisen-is ttwaqedren aṭas seg yimusnawen irumaniyen d yegrigiyen. '''Deg''' '''Tsegda d tẓuri''': Sisarya, seddaw ugellid n Yuba, tuɣal d yiwen n wemkan ameqqran n tẓuri d tsegda. Yesnulfa-d iberdan, timziktin, d yimezgunen izuyaz, yerna yessemlil taẓuri tamaziɣt, tagrigit d tarrumanit. '''Deg tdamsa''': Yesnerni tanezzut gar Muriṭanya d tamenkda tarrumanit. Yessufeɣ-d idrimen s tugna-s d tin n tmeṭṭut-is, ayen i d-yemmalen azal-nsent deg tdamsa n wakud-nni. == Assaɣen-is Gar Taɣerma Tamaziɣt d Tarrumanit == [[Tugna:Juba II of Mauretania Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN1591.jpg|vignette|Yuba Wis Sin n Muriṭanya.]] Yuba wis sin yella d ameɣrad agensay gar snat n taɣermiwin. Ɣas akken yettidir s wallalen n Ruma am ugellid aḥbib, yeḥrez ɣef tmagit tamaziɣt n wegdud-is. Deg wakud-nni, yesnulfa-d anagraw n ugellid i yesdukkel tizemmar tirumaniyin d tid timaziɣin, ayen i yeǧǧan agdud-is ad yedder deg talwit. Yessexdem tamusni-ines tagrigit-tarrumanit akken ad yaru ɣef umezruy d tsekla timaziɣin, yerna yesnernay tiẓuriwin d yisallen imaziɣen s wallalen imaynuten i d-yewwi seg umeɣrad agrakal. == Tarwa-s d Wayen I d-yeǧǧa == Yuba wis sin yesɛa sin warraw d Cleopatra Selene: Ptulimi n Muriṭanya d Drusilla. Ptulimi yuɣal d agellid n Muriṭanya deffir baba-s arma yenɣa-t Kaligula deg useggas n 40 d.L.Ɛ. Yuba wis sin yemmut deg useggas n 23 d.L.Ɛ, deffir 48 n yiseggasen n ugellid. Tagelda-ines tettwassen d tin n talwit d tneflit ɣef teɣzi n wakud. Lǧerrat i d-yeǧǧa deg taɣerma d yisallen ttwaḥesben-d ar ass-a: '''Deg yidlisen''': ɣas akken idlisen-is ṛuḥen, ayen i d-yeqqimen seg-sen yesɛa azal ameqqran i umussu n umezruy aqbur n Tefriqt. Imusnawen n tura mazal ttawin-d awal fell-asen. '''Deg tsegda''': Iberdan d yibniqen i yebna deg Sisarya d temnaḍin nniḍen n Muriṭanya ɣuṛ-sen azal ameqqran deg umezruy n tsegda tamaziɣt-tarrumanit. '''Deg tsertit''': Anagraw n ugellid aḥbib i yesnulfa yella d lmeṛna i tamenkda tarrumanit deg usenṭeḍ n temnaḍin n Tefriqt n Ugafa. == Taggrayt == Yuba wis sin yemṭel amezruy n wegdud amaziɣ deg tallit tarrumanit. Tudert-is d lmeɛna n wamek imaziɣen zemren ad ddren d yimḥaddiyen n taɣerma-nsen ɣas ma llan ddaw n tanezmart tabṛṛanit. Tamusni-ines, tiẓuriwin-is, d wayen i d-yeǧǧa deg tsekla d tsegda ttbanen-d d akken Imaziɣen ur llin ara d agdud war taɣerma, maca d wid yesɛan amezruy aɣezfan d tamusni tameqqrant i yezdin taɣerma n umeɣrad agrakal s wazal-is yerna ssekren-tt s wayen i d-fkan. Yuba wis sin yeqqim-d d amedya n ugellid amussnaw, win yessemlilen gar tanezmart tasertant d tmusni taɣelnawt, yerna yeǧǧa-d ayen ur nettu deg umezruy n Tefriqt n Ugafa d umeɣrad agrakal s umata. {{Igelliden n Numidya}} [[Taggayt:Amezruy n imaziɣen]] [[Taggayt:Isnalayen imaziɣen]] [[Taggayt:imaziɣen]] [[Taggayt:Numidya]] [[Taggayt:Amezruy n Inumiden]] [[Taggayt:Tameddurt]] sjb1jugth05bucz2k9g31zxga45i3kv 0 2040 116722 108390 2026-06-26T17:44:00Z Niegodzisie 9183 116722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biography}} '''Madonna Louise Ciccone''', tlul ass [[16 ɣuct]],[[1958]] di [[Bay City (Michigan)|Bay City]], [[tacennayt]] n [[Pop (musique)|Pop]]. [[Category:Acennay]][[Category:Tameddurt]] d3dg1drm5zxrheku7kfo13kgfi42dbw 0 22695 116724 105634 2026-06-27T04:31:18Z Trey314159 7798 fix homoglyphs: convert Cyrillic characters in yes[з]a to Latin 116724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gaya''' d agellid aneggaru n tgelda n [[masilya]] uqbel ad tt-yesdukel mmi-s [[Mass-nsen]] yesɜa 04 n warrac id-yebder umezruy ( wigi ur llin ara d arraw n [[Taklit|taklitin]] n Gaya maca d arraw n tlelliyin ) d [[Mass-nsen]] Ulzasen Feryal d Masilba . == amezry == Gaya d mmi-s n Zilalsan n Ilmas d baba-s n ugellid ameqqran [[Mass-nsen|Mass-nsen amezzwaru]] yiwen seg yigelliden meqqren deg umezruy n [[Tafriqt Ugafa|Tfriqt Ugafa]] i yxedmen akken ad teddukel [[Tageldit n Inumiden]] yemmut Gaya deg useggas n 207 uqbel n tlalit n sidna [[Ɛisa]] . yexdem nnfaq d [[Qerṭaj]] yernu yerra tagelda n Lmazisul ar deffir imiren d [[sifaks]] i tt-igelden . yekcem tamdint n hibu [[Ɛennaba]] tura yerra-tt d [[Tamanaɣt]] . si rrbeḥ ɣer wayeḍ akka armi yeweḍ tamdint n Kulu ([[Skikda]]) armi d tisilisa n wass-a gar [[Lezzayer]] d [[Tunes]] . mi yekfa nnfaq d [[Qerṭaj|qertaj]] yezgan d ccwal d [[Roma|Ruma]] . yexdem amwali n talwit yid-sen . yuzen-asen-d mmi-s d umekkasu-ines [[Mass-nsen]] ula d [[Qerṭaj|iqertajiyen]] uzenen-d mmi-s n uqerru-nsen ɣer teɣremt n Gaya . yedda cwiya d qertaj di nnfaq-ines mgal Rum. yessegra-d ussan-is ineggura i umennuɣ d tgelda tamazisulit i yegled ugellid Sifaks umi tamurt-ines tezga-d si [[Skikda|kulu]] armi d muluca di tmurt n [[Lmerruk]] n wass-a . yesebbel tudert-ines akken ad timɣur tgelda-ines armi dayen . ɣef waya i yeddukel d Saderbaɛl ( agellid n [[Spenyul|Sbenyul]] n wass-a ) akken ad-as-id yezzi i sifaks si sin n yidisan . di taggara n tudert-ines ibeddel isem-ntgelda-ines si Masilya lmeɛna-s Mmi-s n yilel ar [[Tageldit n Inumiden|Numidya]] n usamar yessegra-d tagelda yelhan tban-d deg [[Mass-nsen|Masensen]] ardekal . deg useggas n 207 uqbel n tlalit n lmasiḥ yemmut Gaya yegled mmi-s [[Ulzasen]] syin d Kabusa ass mi id-ḍra tiyita n uwanek tefka deg-s [[Qerṭaj]] afus yegled Lakumzis maca masensen yerra-d azref-ines ikemmel asemlil n [[Tageldit n Inumiden]] kctv35s7rwn7stv8yrromdi34h7u7fs 0 25493 116723 116717 2026-06-26T18:59:17Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116723 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Bull's head from the Mithraeum, Tiddis, Numidia, Algeria - 52573537881.jpg|vignette|Azamul n yakuc Agurzil, yettwaf deg Tiddis.]] Imaziɣen iqburen sbedden-d anagraw n usɣan d wumyan s lqay, i d-yesskanayen assaɣ-nsen akked ugama, igenni, d wid yemmuten. == Iɣbula n Tmyit Tamaziɣt (Tasarut n Tmusni) == Imi imaziɣen iqburen llan ttwaqqnen ɣer timawit d wansayen, aṭas n tmusniwin i d-newwi ɣef wumyan-nsen kkan-d seg kraḍ n yiɣbula igejdanen: * '''Iɣbula ibeṛṛaniyen (Igrigiyen d Yirumaniyen):''' Imezrayen d yimusnawen iqburen, ugar-nsen Hirudut (Hérodote), fkan-d igzulen d yimawalen lqayen ɣef yiyakucen d tsedmirin n yimaziɣen iqburen (i llan ttsemmin-asen Ilubiyen). * '''Taẓuri n yiẓra d tsenzikt (tasnarkulujit):''' Unuɣen n Tassili n Aǧǧer, aẓru n weṭlas, d tuttriwin tisemrasin sskanayen-d tugniwin n yiɣersiwen iqeddsen d yiɣsuran n ddin. * '''Timawit d Wansayen n wass-a:''' Tisekkiwin n tsekla timawit, timucuha, inzan d tfaskiwin am Yennayer d tnezzut, sɛan iẓuran srid ɣer wumyan iqburen. == Iyakucen d Tyakucin Igejdanen == Am yigrawen iqburin nniḍen, tamyit tamaziɣt tesɛa agraw n yiyakucen i yettmuddun isem i tɣawsiwin n ugama, asirem, d yimenɣi: === Anẓar (Akuc n Waman d Ugeffur) === D yiwen seg yiyakucen yemnekden yettwassnen aṭas deg Tmazɣa, i yettbanen d amatar n tudert d tmerniwt. Asɣan-is iṭṭef adras ameqqran ar wass-a deg ddeqs n tmura n Tefriqt n Ugafa, s wansay n '''"Tislit n''' '''Wanẓar"'''. Asmi ara teḥbes lehwa, tilawin ssewjayen-d taɣenjat yettwazewqen, ttɣennint tizlatin akken ad ssutrent deg Unẓar ad d-yerr amengi n waman ɣer yisafen u ad yefk tudert i tyerza. === Ifri / Tafrikt (Tayakuct n Yifran d Temḥaddit) === Tamyit tamaziɣt tefka azal i yifran d tesrafin imi llan d imukan n tɣellist. '''Ifri''' d tayakuct n temḥaddit d uḥraz, i d-yettakken isem-is ula i wegdud "Ifren". Ruma asmi tewweḍ ɣer Tmazɣa, truḥ teddem isem-nni n tayakuct-a rran-tt d ''Dea Africa'' (Tayakuct n Tefriqt), d nettat i d-yefkan isem i umenẓaw meṛṛa. Tettwassen daɣen s temḥaddit n yiminigen d tnezzut. === Gurzil (Akuc n Ṭṭrad d Tezmert) === D akuc s talɣa n wezger d yiṭij. Yettwassen s waṭas ɣer teqbilin timensayin n yilewaten (Laguatan) deg Libya, yella d amatar n tebɣest. Deg tneqqisin n yimenɣiyen, llan srusun aqerru n wezger i wakken ad sen-d-yefk Gurzil(neɣ Agurzil) tagzemt u ad kksen tigdi i yigen-nsen mgal irumaniyen d yibizanṭiyen. === Amun / Aman (Akuc Ameqqran) === D illu (akuc) ameqqran n tanzruft, yettwassen s yikraren-is d tmerkantiwt-ines deg temdint n Siwa (Maṣer). Igrigiyen sduklen-t d Wakuc-nsen "Zeus" (uɣalen s isem n ''Zeus-Ammon''), maca aẓar-is yekka-d seg tesnimant d tkerrist tmaziɣt, d azamul n tkessawt d temnukda taqburt. ==== Aẓar Amenzu: Amun deg Tɣerma n Maṣer ==== Deg umezruy unṣib n maṣer taqburt, '''Amun''' (neɣ Imen) yekka-d seg tɣerma n Maṣer. Awal-a s tmaṣrit taqburt anamek-is '''"Win yeffren"'''. * '''Tazwara-s:''' Yebda yettwassen deg Tlallit Taqburt n tɣerma tamaṣrit s wudem amecṭuḥ am wakuc n ugeffur d waḍu. * '''Asimɣer-is:''' Azal-is yuli nezzeh deg tallit n Tlallit Talemmast d Tlallit Tamaynut deg tɣerma tamaṣrit, ladɣa asmi i d-yewwi adabu ɣer temdint n Waset (Tiba / Thèbes). Dinna yeddukel akked wakuc n yiṭij "Ra", yuɣal d '''Amun-Ra''', agellid n yiyakucen u d amḥaddi n yiferɛunen. S waya, taṭurduksit n umezruy tessebgan-d belli Amun s tmuɣli tanaṣlit yekka-d seg wasif n Nil, mačči d amaziɣ seg tazwara. Maca, tadyant n Amun ur tfukk ara dagi. ==== Asileɣ d Tmazɣa: Afakan n Siwa ==== Ayen i d-yettaran Amun yesɛa taɣara tamaziɣt d awwaḍ-is ɣer tlemmast n tneẓruft taɣerbayt, ɣer temdint n '''Siwa''' (Isiwan). Siwa d adeg amaziɣ s waṭas n wansayen-is d tutlayt-is (Tasiwit), yezga-d deg rrif n tlisa gar Maṣer d Libya n wass-a. Deg tegzirt-a tamecṭuḥt (oasis), yebna yiwen wafakan ameqqran i wurakl<ref>Oracle</ref> n Amun. Afakan-a yewweḍ ɣer yiwet n cciɛa meqqren deg umaḍal agrakal. Imaziɣen imuriyen d yinumidiyen llan ttasen-d ɣur-s i wakken ad d-ssutren tifrat ɣef txidas n tudert-nsen. Cciɛa n w'''afakan'''-a tewweḍ armi ula d aɣella agrigi '''[[Aliksandr Ameqqran|Aleksander Ameqqran]]''' yerza-d ɣur-s deg useggas 331 u.Ɛ (uqbel Ɛisa) srid seg Maṣer, i wakken ad t-yeqbel urakl-nni d mmi-s n Amun, ayen i as-yefkan aẓayer n uferɛun. === Azamul n Yikerri: D ansay Amaziɣ neɣ Amaṣri? === '''Imyerren''' igejdanen n Amun, ladɣa deg temnaḍt n Siwa d Tmazɣa, qqnen srid ɣer yikerri. Yettmuggez-d d akuc s uqerru neɣ s wacciwen n yikerri yemḍewwren. Dagi i d-yekcem umezruy amaziɣ s telqayt. Amusnaw n umezruy ''Gabriel Camps'' d wiyaḍ ssegzan-d yiwen n usileɣ ameqqran: # '''Aqader n Yikerri ɣer Yimaziɣen:''' Uqbel ad d-yaweḍ Amun ɣer yimaziɣen, ineggaru-ya llan ttgallayen s yikerri. Tasnarkulujit tufa-d deg udrar n weṭlas aṣeḥrawi aṭas n wunuɣen ɣef yiẓra i d-yesskanayen ikerra isɛan aḍebsi n yiṭij gar wacciwen-nsen. Tamyit-a d tin i d-yebdan aṭas n leqrun uqbel n usimɣer n Amun deg Maṣer. # '''Tadukli n Sin Wumyan:''' Asmi taɣerma tamaṣrit tufa-d iman-is gar teqbilin tilubiyin (timaziɣin) n Siwa d tneẓruft, tebna assaɣ gar Wakuc-nsen "Amun-Ra" akked Wakuc-nni aɣerfan n yimaziɣen i d-yettugensen s yikerri. Yuɣal Amun n Siwa, i d-wwin Yigrigiyen u semman-as '''Zeus-Ammon''', d asdukkel gar wucen amaṣri d wansay amaziɣ n uqader n yikerri. === Antay d Tinjis (Antée d Tingis) === '''Antay''' d agellid amaziɣ (neɣ akuc) n wakal. Deg wumyi, yella d mmi-s n Wakal d Yilel, ur yettwut ara deg yimenɣi ma yeqqim tfekka-s tettnal akal. Yettwassen s umenɣi-s ameqqran mgal Hiraklis (Héraclès). Tameṭṭut-is d '''Tinjis''', i yellan d ssebba n usileɣ d usemma n temdint taqerṭant n Ṭanja deg Merruk. == Tanimit: Assaɣ ɣer Ugama d Yitran == Anagraw amyan amaziɣ yebna ɣef umnekni d uqader n ugama (Animisme). Imaziɣen sɛan assaɣ lqayen gar-asen d wayen i ten-id-yezzin: * '''Tafukt d Ayyur:''' Imaziɣen iqburen, akken t-id-yeffser umezray Herodotus, llan ttbuddun iseflawen i tfukt (iṭij) d wayyur. Asɣan-a yettban-d deg tewsatin n tira d ccwami i d-yegran deg yidles amaziɣ sumata. * '''Idurar d Tiẓgiwin:''' Adrar n weṭlas (Atlas) mačči kan d adrar adigan, maca d azamul adelsan. Deg wumyi n yigrigiyen, Atlas d Atitan irefden igenni ɣef tuyat-is, maca laṣel-is tkka-d srid seg tmuɣli tuɣrist tamaziɣ i yiɣeẓran d tqacucin n yidurar. Anagraw amyan amaziɣ yebna ɣef tikti n "tdukli n ugama d yakuc" (animisme/panthéisme). Imaziɣen iqburen ur bḍin ara gar win d-ixelqen d wayen yettwaxelqen. Ma nmuqel-it s tmuɣli n tfeṣna, nezmer ad nini d akken agama s timmad-is d ayakucan ameqqran. Yakuc amaziɣ ur yezgi ara beṛṛa i umaḍal, maca yettwagenses deg-s. Agama yessekfal-d '''imyerren''' yemgaraden n tumast-is, u yal aḥric deg ugama (am udrar, asif, aẓru, neɣ aseklu) yettili d '''askar''' id-yesskanayen udem seg wudmawen n tudert. Ihi, ayen yeddren neɣ ayen illan merra yeddukkel s yiwet n '''tawenza''' i yezdin lxelq ɣer llsas-is. Asɣan-a n ugama yettban-d deg waṭas n yeḥricen: * '''Iẓra d yidurar (Litholâtrie):''' Imaziɣen llan ttqadaren iẓra imeqqranen d tqacucin n yidurar imi ttwalin-ten d iɣsuran igejdanen n tumast. Aṭas n yimukan ttwaxeddmen d isemḍal neɣ d ideggen i d-yessuturen tasreɣta, am udrar n Jurjura neɣ Awrasi, i llan d izamulen n tɣellist d lewqama. * '''Tiliwa d isafen:''' Aman d asagem n tudert. Imaziɣen llan fkan isem n tqedsit i waṭas n tliwa d yisafen. Llan srusun iseflawen ɣer rrif n waman, ttẓallun i wakken ad ssiriden aṭṭanen-nsen neɣ ad d-ssutren aɛiwen. Ansay n tuzza n tiɣersiwin (tifeɣwa) ɣer waman neɣ tacuddit n lḥenni ɣef yisekla yeṭṭfen deg tliwa d ansay id-yegran ar wass-a. * '''Isekla iqeddsen:''' Isekla imeqqranen am tzebbujt neɣ taslent llan ttwamugzen d imukan n tẓallit, anda imettiwen d lejdud ẓẓun iẓuran-nsen. == Iyakucen Numidiyen d Yimuriyen ur Nettwassen Ara Aṭas == Ssebba i yeǧǧan aṭas n yiyakucen imaziɣen ad d-ggren deg tatut d akken imaziɣen llan seddayen ismawen n yiyakucen-nsen d wid n yirumaniyen (asdukkel n yisɣanen - ''syncrétisme''), neɣ ur d-ǧǧin ara idlisen s tira-nsen ɣef waya. Maca, tiggaz i d-tufa tesnarkulujit deg teblaḍin d yiẓekwan, ladɣa deg Numidya d Muriṭanya, ssuliyent-d igrawen n yiyakucen ur nelli ara d imeqqranen am Anẓar neɣ Gurzil, maca llan d igejdanen deg tmiwa-nsen: === Baccax (Bacax) === D akuc n yifran d yidurar. Yettwassen s waṭas deg temnaḍt n Numidya (gar Tqerṭajt d Qsenṭina), ladɣa deg yifri aqeddas n ''Ghar El Djeema'' (Adrar n Taya). Afakan n Baccax yella d ifri s timmad-is. Imdanen llan ttasen-d ɣer yifri-a ad d-ssutren asujji neɣ usutel. Tirggaz yettwafen dinna qqarent-d: ''"I yakuc ameqqran Baccax"'', ayen i d-yesskanayen aẓayer n tmusni n wakuc-a deg tjumma tameqqrant. === Makurgum (Macurgum / Macurcum) === D akuc idigan yettwassnen aṭas deg tmiwa n Numidya taqburt. Yettunefk-as uzamul n temḥaddit. Yella d akuc iwumi llan ttgalayen deg wakud n waṭṭan neɣ n ṭṭrad, i d-yettmuddun tebɣest i yiɣermanen. === Auliswa (Aulisua) === D tayakuct neɣ d akuc n wakal d tayri. Yettwabder-d deg tira n waṭas n yimukan deg Tafriqt n Ugafa, yettwaqqen ɣer tmerniwt n wakal d yisufar n tfellaḥt. Auliswa tella d tnafa i yimkraz i d-yessuturen asnerni n lɣella i tmurt-nsen. === Abadir === Asigzel deg wawal-a yessakay-d taɣuri n "Aba-dir" (Bab n udrar neɣ aẓru ameqqran). Yella d akuc i d-yettgenses s wudem n uẓru uqebri. Iṛumaniyen asmi kecmen, wwin-d isem-a rran-t d azamul n wezṛu i yessebleɛ Saturnus (neɣ Kronos) deg wumyi-nsen. Maca aẓar-is amaziɣ yekka-d seg wansay lqayen n usqeds n yiẓra. === Sinifere d Varsissima === * '''Sinifere:''' D akuc n tebɣest d yimenɣi ɣer kra n teqbilin timuriyin. Llan tteggin-as tisekkirin n warraẓ send ad kecmen ɣer ṭṭrad. * '''Varsissima:''' D tayakuct i d-yettwabedren deg temnaḍt n Muriṭanya Sṭifiyant (Tazmalt / Sṭif), i llan zedɣen-tt imdanen i tt-yettwalin d amḥaddi n twacult d wedrum. === Yucc neɣ Yakuc (Igucc) === Ɣas ma awal "Yakuc" yuɣal ass-a d agdazal n "Dieu" deg tmaziɣt, aẓar-is i d-yewwi umusnaw Abu Ɛubayd Al-Bakri si lqern wis 11, yesskan-d d akken taqbilt n Ibeṛɣwaten (Berghouata) deg Merruk llan sseẓallayen i yakuc ameqqran iwumi semman '''"Yucc"''' neɣ '''"Yakuc"'''. D amatar i d-yessefhamen d akken, uqbel isɣanen inemlayen, imaziɣen llan ssawḍen ɣer tekti n Wakuc amyiwen (Monothéisme) i d-ixelqen igenni d wakal. 2fs273kmyug740s432r2lsl0i3odmny 0 25504 116725 116721 2026-06-27T10:19:02Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116725 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Tertullian2.png|vignette|Tarudemt n Tertulyan n 1584.]] '''Tertulyan''' (s tlatinit: ''Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus'') d yiwen seg yimusnawen d yimyura imeqqranen n tsut tis snat, yellan d azamul deg umezruy n tsekla n Tafriqt n Ugafa. Ilul-d deg temdint n Qerṭaj (Carthage) ɣer wazal n useggas 155, yerna yemmut ɣer wazal n 220. Yettwassen s waṭas imi d netta i d amenzu i yuran s tlatinit ɣef usɣan amasiḥi, ayen i t-yerren d bab n tsekla tamasiḥit talatinit. == Tudert d Unekcum-is ɣer Tmasiḥit == Tertulyan ilul-d deg yiwet n twacult tabaɣurt. Baba-s yella d aserdas ameqqran deg tredsa(lɛesker) taṛumanit. Deg temẓi-s, yeɣra aṭas n tussniwin, gar-asent: * '''Tasnukyist'''. * '''Azref'''. * Tafelsafit d tsekla tagrikit-talatinit. Ixdem d anezraf deg temdint n Roma. Di tazwara, yella d amgetyakuc. Ɣer wazal n useggas 197, yekcem ɣer wesɣan amasiḥi. Yuɣal d anaflas yeqquṛen, yettdafaɛen ɣef Yakuc amasiḥi s ljehd-is d tmusni-s, ladɣa mi iwala tabɣest n yimaɣrasen imasiḥiyen i yqeblen lmut s wudem n yigiten unṣiben n uwanak aṛumani. == Leqdec-is deg Taɣult n Tesnakuca == Deg wayen yerzan tasnakuca, Tertulyan d amasnakuc ameqqran i d-yeǧǧan tiktiwin yeṭṭfen aẓar deg tayankuca n wemḍal utrim. Gar leqdec-is: * '''Asnulfu n yirman imaynuten:''' D netta i d amenzu i d-yesseknen awal latini ''Trinitas'' (Tukṛaḍt / Trinité) iwakken ad yessegzi timmadit n Ṛebbi (Baba, Mmi-s, d Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen). Yessemres irem amaynut iwakken ad ifru aṭas n wuguren inakttiyen. * '''Aḥareb mgal tiẓeṛyin n tiḍent:''' Yura aṭas n yiḍrisen mgal wid yeffɣen i webrid amasiḥi (am Marcion d Valentin), yerna yefka azal ameqqran i liman yeṣfan. == Tasekla d Tira == Tasekla-s temḥaz aṭas, yerna yura ugar n 30 n yedlisen i d-yewwḍen ar ass-a. Aɣanib-is yettwassen s lqewwa d unqis. Adlis-is yettwasnen aṭas d '''Apologeticus''' (Astan), anda i ymudda astan ɣef yimasiḥiyen mgal taẓirt n Uwanak aṛumani. Yenna-d deg-s d akken imasiḥiyen d iɣermanen ilhan, ur kkin ara deg yinguzen n tsertit, yerna idamen n yimaɣrasen-nsen d "ifsan i d-yettaken imasiḥiyen imaynuten". == Assaɣ-is d Uzref == Imi yella d anezraf, tiktiwin-is tiẓerfanin kcment ula deg tesnakuca-s. Isexdem aṭas n yiferdisen n uzref iwakken ad yessegzi assaɣen yellan gar Umdan d Yakuc. Tertulyan yettwali lmaɛṣeyya am tirmeggit mgal Asaḍuf n Ṛebbi, yerna yessebded tikti n tefgurt deg laxert s wudem azerfan. == Tagara n tudert-is d Lǧerra-s == Di taggara n tudert-is (ɣer wazal n 207), Tertulyan idda d yiwet n tarbaɛt n yimasiḥiyen iwumi qqaṛen "Tamuntanit" (Montanisme), i yellan d agraw yeqquṛen mliḥ, sseḥramen aṭas n tɣawsiwin, yerna ttamnen s lweḥy amaynut. Ɣef wacemma n tiktiwin-is yeqquṛen, ur yettwaḥseb ara d "Agerram" ɣer tmesgida(taglizt) takatulikit, maca tiktiwin-is d tira-s ǧǧant-d lǧerra meqqren deg temṣukin n tfelsafit tamasiḥit, ladɣa ɣef yimusnawen i d-itebɛen am Ugerram Awgustin (Augustin d'Hippone). 0vtbtr7xia9im8c1tgl1pm5sx3hqzft 0 25505 116726 2026-06-27T10:25:56Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116726 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Augustus of Prima Porta.jpg|vignette|Asebdad n umenkad Ugustus.]] '''Ugustus''', i wumi isem-is n tidet ''Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus'' (Uktavyan), d amenkad aṛumani amezwaru. D netta i d-yesbedden '''Tamnekda Taṛumanit''' sdeffir n uɣelluy n '''Tegduda'''. Yewweḍ ɣer udabu deg yiwet n tallit n teẓɣent d ṭṭrad aɣarim, maca yessaweḍ ad d-yerr talwit, ad yesseggem awanek, dɣa yeldi-d yiwet n tsut iwumi qqaren "Talwit Taṛumanit" (''Pax Romana''). as1u1utr3rzhngkbtmll3bdausssang 116727 116726 2026-06-27T10:32:57Z Gurzil90x 14292 seɣtiɣ kra n tucdiwin 116727 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Augustus of Prima Porta (inv. 2290).jpg|vignette|Asebded n umankad Ugustus.]] '''Ugustus''', i wumi isem-is n tidet ''Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus'' (Uktavyan), d amenkad aṛumani amezwaru. D netta i d-yesbedden '''Tamnekda Taṛumanit''' sdeffir n uɣelluy n '''Tegduda'''. Yewweḍ ɣer udabu deg yiwet n tallit n teẓɣent d ṭṭrad aɣarim, maca yessaweḍ ad d-yerr talwit, ad yesseggem awanek, dɣa yeldi-d yiwet n tsut iwumi qqaren "Talwit Taṛumanit" (''Pax Romana''). ojkab7q13v7xhyqef8ugoq3b9pdc5j1 116728 116727 2026-06-27T10:33:32Z Gurzil90x 14292 seɣtiɣ kra n tucdiwin 116728 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Augustus of Prima Porta (inv. 2290).jpg|vignette|Asebdad n umankad Ugustus.]] '''Ugustus''', i wumi isem-is n tidet ''Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus'' (Uktavyan), d amenkad aṛumani amezwaru. D netta i d-yesbedden '''Tamnekda Taṛumanit''' sdeffir n uɣelluy n '''Tegduda'''. Yewweḍ ɣer udabu deg yiwet n tallit n teẓɣent d ṭṭrad aɣarim, maca yessaweḍ ad d-yerr talwit, ad yesseggem awanek, dɣa yeldi-d yiwet n tsut iwumi qqaren "Talwit Taṛumanit" (''Pax Romana''). 4mha7qraiwtg08985wxmbqfeq0itpzj