Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Sujet 0 25504 116774 116771 2026-07-03T19:00:04Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116774 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Tertullian2.png|vignette|Tarudemt n Tertulyan n 1584.]] '''Tertulyan''' (s tlatinit: ''Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus'') d yiwen seg yimusnawen d yimyura imeqqranen n tsut tis snat, yellan d azamul deg umezruy n tsekla n Tafriqt n Ugafa. Ilul-d deg temdint n Qerṭaj (Carthage) ɣer wazal n useggas 155, yerna yemmut ɣer wazal n 220. Yettwassen s waṭas imi d netta i d amenzu i yuran s tlatinit ɣef usɣan amasiḥi, ayen i t-yerren d bab n tsekla tamasiḥit talatinit. == Tudert d Unekcum-is ɣer Tmasiḥit == Tertulyan ilul-d deg yiwet n twacult tabaɣurt. Baba-s yella d aserdas ameqqran deg tredsa(lɛesker) taṛumanit. Deg temẓi-s, yeɣra aṭas n tussniwin, gar-asent: * '''Tasnukyist'''. * '''Azref'''. * Tafelsafit d tsekla tagrikit-talatinit. Ixdem d anezraf deg temdint n Roma. Di tazwara, yella d amgetyakuc. Ɣer wazal n useggas 197, yekcem ɣer wesɣan amasiḥi. Yuɣal d anaflas yeqquṛen, yettdafaɛen ɣef Yakuc amasiḥi s ljehd-is d tmusni-s, ladɣa mi iwala tabɣest n yimaɣrasen imasiḥiyen i yqeblen lmut s wudem n yigiten unṣiben n uwanak aṛumani. == Leqdec-is deg Taɣult n Tesnakuca == Deg wayen yerzan tasnakuca, Tertulyan d amasnakuc ameqqran i d-yeǧǧan tiktiwin yeṭṭfen aẓar deg tayankuca n wemḍal utrim. Gar leqdec-is: * '''Asnulfu n yirman imaynuten:''' D netta i d amenzu i d-yesseknen awal latini ''Trinitas'' (Tukṛaḍt / Trinité) iwakken ad yessegzi timmadit n Ṛebbi (Baba, Mmi-s, d Ṛṛuḥ Iqedsen). Yessemres irem amaynut iwakken ad ifru aṭas n wuguren inakttiyen. Asnulfu n yirman imaynuten ɣer Tertulyan d yiwen seg yiḥricen i d-yeǧǧan lǧerra lqayen deg umezruy n tesnakuca. Uqbel-is, tuget n yedlisen imasiḥiyen llan ttwaran s tegrigit, dɣa tutlayt talatinit ur tesɛi ara amawal iwulman iwakken ad d-tessegzi inakttiyen ilsawen n wesɣan amaynut. Iwakken ad ifru ugur-a, Tertulyan ur yeqqim ara kan d asuqqel, maca yuɣal d amesnulfu ameqqran n tesniremt (amawal). Awal yettwasnen aṭas akk i d-yesnulfa d irem n '''"Trinitas"''' (Tukṛaḍt / Trinité), i yessexdem iwakken ad yessegzi amek Yakuc, i yellan d amagdaz, yezmer ad yili d yiwen deg tanga, maca s kraḍ n wudmawen neɣ yimdanen. Assemres-is i wawalen-a yefka lsas i tayankuca n tegnawt tutrimt iwakken ad tessebded iberdan-is mgal tiẓeṛyin i d-yewwin tiktiwin n tiḍent. Rnu ɣer waya, Tertulyan yeddem-d aṭas n wawalen seg taɣult n uzref, imi netta s timmad-is yella d anezraf deg Roma. Ɣef umedya, yessemres awal '''"Sacramentum"''', i yellan zik d limin i yettgalla userdas aṛumani, iwakken ad d-yemeslay ɣef yisaragen imasiḥiyen am uɣḍas (baptême). D netta daɣen i d amenzu i d-yebder irem n '''"Testamentum"''' (Amtawa / Testament) iwakken ad d-yesbgen amgired gar Wemtawa Aqbur d Wemtawa Amaynut. S tikli-ya n usnulfu n yirman, Tertulyan yessemhaz tutlayt talatinit, yerra-tt d allal yesɛan tawwurt yezmren ad d-teglu s yimyerren n Yakuc d tesnakuca talqayant, yerna yeǧǧa-d tigemmi tameqqrant yeldin abrid i yimusnawen d yimyura i d-itebɛen deffir-s. * '''Aḥareb mgal tiẓeṛyin n tiḍent:''' Yura aṭas n yiḍrisen mgal wid yeffɣen i webrid amasiḥi (am Marcion d Valentin), yerna yefka azal ameqqran i liman yeṣfan. Deg umezruy n tesnakuca tamasiḥit, aḥareb n Tertulyan mgal tiẓeṛyin n tiḍent yettwaḥseb d yiwen seg yiḥricen igejdanen n tudert-is d leqdec-is. Imi asɣan amasiḥi yella d amaynut deg tsut tis snat, aṭas n yimdanen i d-yewwin lefhama nsen i yexulfen lsas n liman aqbur, dɣa Tertulyan yerra-tt d aɣan fell-as ad iḥareb tiktiwin-a, iwumi qqaṛen tiẓeṛyin n unufel (hérésies), s yimru-ines d tmusni-s lqayant. Ayen i d-yemmezlen deg uḥareb-is mgal tiẓeṛyin n tiḍent d asseqdec-is n tarrayin tizerfanin. Imi yella d anezraf deg Roma, yeddem-d iferdisen n uzref aṛumani issekcem-iten deg tesnakuca. Deg wedlis-is yettwasnen "''De praescriptione haereticorum''" (Ɣef uweṣṣi mgal imesnulfuyen n tiḍent), yessemres yiwen n wawal azerfan, i d-yemmalen tasekkirt i ssekcamen deg ccṛeɛ iwakken ad kksen azref i ucemmat. Yenna-d s wudem alɣawan belli wid iḍefren tiẓeṛyin n tiḍent ur sɛin ara akk aẓayeṛ neɣ azref ad sseqdcen Adlis Iqedsen neɣ ad d-ksen seg-s isallen, axaṭer Adlis-a d ayla unṣib n Tmesgida taṣeḥḥit i t-id-yewerten srid seg yimceggɛen n Ɛisa. S wannect-a, Tertulyan ihudd-asen lsas agejdan n umeslay uqbel ula d asekcem deg umjadel asnakucan. Yiwen seg yicenga imeqqranen i mgal yura Tertulyan d Marciyun (Marcion). Marciyun yella isseɣzay tikti belli Yakuc n Wemtawa Aqbur (Aṛebbi n wudayen, i yettwali d amesbaṭli yerna d aḥercaw) yemxallaf ɣef Yakuc n Wemtawa Amaynut (Aṛebbi n leḥnana d tayri i d-yessebgen Ɛisa). Iwakken ad isefsex tikerkas-a yerna ad tent-yemḥu seg wallaɣen n yimasiḥiyen, Tertulyan yura semmus(xemsa) n yedlisen iwumi isemma "''Adversus Marcionem''" (Mgal Marciyun). Yessegza-d deg-sen s telqayt tasnaktant belli Yakuc(illu) d amagdaz, ur yezmir ara ad yili d sin neɣ ad yebḍu. Yessebgen-d amek Amtawa Amaynut d akemmel alami i Wemtawa Aqbur, mačči d anemgal-is, yerna isukkes-d belli tikli n Yakuc tezdi lǧehd d teɣdemt akked tamella d umsuref. == Tasekla d Tira == Tasekla-s temḥaz aṭas, yerna yura ugar n 30 n yedlisen i d-yewwḍen ar ass-a. Aɣanib-is yettwassen s lqewwa d unqis. Adlis-is yettwasnen aṭas d '''Apologeticus''' (Astan), anda i ymudda astan ɣef yimasiḥiyen mgal taẓirt n Uwanak aṛumani. Yenna-d deg-s d akken imasiḥiyen d iɣermanen ilhan, ur kkin ara deg yinguzen n tsertit, yerna idamen n yimaɣrasen-nsen d "ifsan i d-yettaken imasiḥiyen imaynuten". Tira n Tertulyan ur telli ara d tira tasusamt neɣ d tin n uɣerbaz, maca d amjadel aḥmayan n wunnar. Aɣanib-is d win yesɛan lǧehd, azaylal akked tyita yessawḍen srid ɣer wul d wallaɣ. Imi yeɣra tasnukyist yerna yella d anezraf di Roma, yesseqdec allalen meṛṛa n tesnawalt d tesnukyest iwakken ad iḥudd tiktiwin-is. Tira-s teččuṛ d isenfal imeskariyen, arwas imserreḥ, akked wudem n teḍṣa yessewhamen. Yiwen seg yiseɣwan igejdanen i yeǧǧa deg taɣult n tsekla, d amhaz n tutlayt talatinit s timmad-is. Tertulyan, am akken ttgen yimesnulfuyen n wawalen i yebɣan ad snernin tutlayin-nsen, d netta i d-yesseknen i tikelt tamezwarut aṭas n wawalen i yeqqimen ar ass-a deg tesnakuca d tfelsafit. Yufa-d belli talatinit taqburt ur tesɛi ara awalen lqayen iwakken ad d-tessegzi asɣan amasiḥi, dɣa yesnulfad-d tasniremt tajdidt. D netta i d-yesnulfan awal "''Trinitas''" i d-yemmalen belli Yakuc d amagdaz yezdin deg kraḍ(tlata) n wudmawen war beṭṭu. Iwakken ad d-issegzi tikti-ya, yesseqdec irem azerfan d ufelsaf "''Persona''" (Udem / Personne) akked "''Substantia''" (Tanga neɣ Tumast). S wusileɣ n yirman-a, Tertulyan yessezgi tiẓeṛyin n uzref arumani akked tfelsafit [[tastuysit]] iwakken ad asent-yefk anamek asnakucan amaynut. Tasekla-ines, ihi, d asenfar n usileɣ n tutlayt. ==== Iḥricen n Yidlisen-is d Twuri-nsen ==== Tira-ines tbḍa ɣef kraḍ n tewsatin timeqqranin, yal yiwet tesɛa iswi-s: # '''Idlisen n Wustan :''' D idlisen i yura iwakken ad iḥudd imasiḥiyen mgal asbaṭli n yimenkaden n Roma. Adlis-is yettwasnen aṭas d "''Apologeticum''", anda yessebgen-d belli imasiḥiyen mačči d iniɣiyen neɣ d iɛdawen n uwanek(ddula), maca d iɣermanen igerrzen. Deg uḍris-a, yesseqdec tarrayin n temḥaddit i isebbden lsas n uzref n wemdan deg tlelli n usɣan(ddin). # '''Idlisen mgal Tiẓeṛyin n tiḍent (La Polémique) :''' Am wedlis-nni "''Mgal Marciyun''" neɣ "''Ɣef uweṣṣi mgal imesnulfuyen n tiḍent''". Deg uḥric-a, tasekla-s tuɣal d allal n tesleḍt d wezɣan. Yebna iḍrisen-is ɣef tesnaktant, issefsex tikerkas s tektiwin n tmeẓla. # '''Idlisen n Tɣara d Tikli (Les traités moraux et pratiques) :''' Yura aṭas ɣef tudert n yal ass, ɣef tsusmi, ɣef tlaba n tlawin, ɣef ṛṛuḥ d wurfan. Deg yiḍrisen-a, nettaf-d Tertulyan d afelsaf n tudert yettnadin ad iqemmeḍ tikli n wemdan akken ad tili d tin yeṣfan, tebɛed ɣef sseɛr n tudert(ddunit). == Assaɣ-is d Uzref == Imi yella d anezraf, tiktiwin-is tiẓerfanin kcment ula deg tesnakuca-s. Isexdem aṭas n yiferdisen n uzref iwakken ad yessegzi assaɣen yellan gar Umdan d Yakuc. Tertulyan yettwali lmaɛṣeyya am tirmeggit mgal Asaḍuf n Ṛebbi, yerna yessebded tikti n tefgurt deg laxert s wudem azerfan. == Tagara n tudert-is d Lǧerra-s == Di taggara n tudert-is (ɣer wazal n 207), Tertulyan idda d yiwet n tarbaɛt n yimasiḥiyen iwumi qqaṛen "Tamuntanit" (Montanisme), i yellan d agraw yeqquṛen mliḥ, sseḥramen aṭas n tɣawsiwin, yerna ttamnen s lweḥy amaynut. Ɣef wacemma n tiktiwin-is yeqquṛen, ur yettwaḥseb ara d "Agerram" ɣer tmesgida(taglizt) takatulikit, maca tiktiwin-is d tira-s ǧǧant-d lǧerra meqqren deg temṣukin n tfelsafit tamasiḥit, ladɣa ɣef yimusnawen i d-itebɛen am Ugerram Awgustin (Augustin d'Hippone). 4rvilfs6mu080egdsvaulhahjh8d8ds 0 25508 116775 116772 2026-07-04T10:47:07Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116775 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Ariusz.JPG|vignette|Tamudemt n Aryus]] '''Aryus''' (s tlatinit: Arius, s tegrikit: Areios), ilul gar iseggasen n 250 d 256, yemmut deg useggas n 336, d aqessis amasiḥi, d amussnaw n tesnakuct, yedder deg temdint n Aleksandriya deg Maṣer. D netta i d amesnulfu n tmuɣli tamsɣant i wumi qqaren [[Taryanit]], yegla-d s wuguren imeqqranen deg umezruy n teglizt tamsiḥit tamezwarut. == Tameddurt-is d Tlalit-is == Aryus ilul gar useggas n 250 d 256 S.Ɛ. (Seld Tallalit n Ɛisa) deg yiwet n temnaḍt tuzzigt n tmurt n Libya (Cyrenaïque) n zik, ayen i t-yerran d mmi-s n Tafriqt Ugafa. Ɣef leḥsab n yimazrayen, Aryus yella d argaz amesɣan yesɛan lqedd aṭas, yettwassen s tmusni-s d taywalt-is lqayen d yemdanen. Yeɣra tasnillut(tasenakuct) deg temdint n Antyuc (Antioche) s ddaw ufus n umezraw meqqren Lusyan n Antyuc. Syin akkin, iruḥ ɣer temdint n [[Taskendrit|Aleksandriya]] (Alexandrie) di [[Maṣer]], anda yuɣal d aqessis deg teglizt n Bukalis. Dinna i d-yebda yettbecciṛ tiktiwin-is i d-ijebden aṭas n yemdanen ɣur-s, ama d imesnulfuyen, ama d imdanen n teglizt. Asmi yewweḍ d ilemẓi, Aryus yeffeɣ seg tmurt-is, iruḥ ɣer temdint n Antyuc (Antioche), i yellan imiren d ammas ameqqran n tmusni d tesnillut (tasenakuct) deg usamar n temnekda. Dinna, yelmed s ddaw ufus n umezraw ameqqran Lusyan n Antyuc (Lucien d'Antioche). Lusyan-a yella d argaz yettwassnen s tmuɣli-s tamẓulant akked usekfel n yinumak inṣliyen n yedlisen iqedsen (tasekla). D netta i yessersen lsas i tektiwin n Aryus, imi deg uɣerbaz n Lusyan i d-yewwi Aryus iẓuran n tiẓri-s ɣef wassaɣ gar Yillu d Mmi-s. Lusyan yesseɣra-t amek ara yessemres tafelsafit taflaṭunit d tuɣẓint tagrigit i wakken ad yefhem asɣan, ayen i t-yeǧǧan ad yebnu tmuɣli tasnillut taqurant yerna teṣfa. Ɣef leḥsab n yiglamen i d-yeqqimen seg tallit-nni, ama sɣur wid i t-iḥemmlen neɣ ula sɣur yicenga-s, Aryus yella d amdan i d-ijebbden lwelha. Yella d argaz yesɛan lqedd aṭas, d azedgan, yettlusu isebbaḍen iqebqaben s yinzaḍen imellalen d yiceṭṭiḍen iḥerfiyen i d-yeskanen tudert-is s wudem n ilugan n wasɣan. Ur yelli nettnadi ara ɣef zzhu n ddunit, ayen i t-yerran d amdan mu qadren aṭas n yemdanen. Imesniyen d yimazrayen fkan-d inigi belli Aryus yella d argaz d amezday, yesnen amek ara yemmeslay, yesɛa taywalt igerrzen, yerna d amesɣan i yeṭṭfen s tidet deg teflest-is(liman-is). Akka i d-yessers iman-is d amdan iwumi yezmer ad yamen ugdud. == Tiktiwin-is d Teẓriyin n Taryanit == Ayen i d-yewwi Aryus macci d tasreḍt tamaynut, maca d abeddel aẓuran deg tmuɣli ɣef wassaɣ gar Yillu (Rebbi) d Mmi-s (Ɛisa/Yasuɛ). Tiktiwin n taryanit bnant ɣef lsas n tmeẓla akked uqader ameqqran i tdukli n Yillu. * '''Yillu d Amagdaz:''' I Aryus, Yillu (Ababat) d yiwen, d azedgan, yerna d '''amagdaz'''. Ur yesɛi ara tazwara, ur yettnulfu ara, yerna ur yezmir ara ad yettwabḍu neɣ ad ibeddel. * '''Asaraw n Mmi-s:''' Aryus yebna tiẓri-s ɣef yiwen n lsas yeqqaren: "Yella wakud ideg Mmi-s ur yelli ara". I Aryus, Ɛisa ur yelli ara zik-nni s yiwet n teɣzi akked Yillu. Yillu d netta i d '''asaraw''' amenzu i d-yessufɣen Mmi-s uqbel ad yexleq amaḍal. * '''Amyellel:''' Imi Mmi-s yettwaxleq (neɣ yettwasarew), ur yezmir ara ad yesɛu yiwet n tumast akked Yillu, yerna yella ddaw-as. D ayen i d-yesskanen belli Aryus ur yeqbil ara takraḍit (Trinité) akken i tt-fehmen wiyaḍ. == Asqamu n Niqya d Yimenɣi n Tesnillut(Tasenakuct) == Deg useggas n 318 S.Ɛ., yebda umenɣi gar Aryus d Usqaf Aleksander n Aleksandriya. Aleksander isufeɣ-d Aryus seg teglizt imi iwala deg tektiwin-is d "ffɣent i wubrid". Maca Aryus yufa tallelt ɣer waṭas n yisqafen n unẓul d usamar, gar-asen Usebyus n Nikumidya. Amenkad n Ṛuma, Kunsṭantin Amezwaru, i yebɣan ad isdukkel tamnekda-s, icuɣef-it umjadel-agi i d-yebdan yettbabbaz tasreḍt tamasiḥit. Ɣef waya, yessegraw-d '''Asqamu amezwaru n Niqya''' deg useggas n 325 S.Ɛ. Deg usqamu-a, d teẓri n ''Athanase'' (''Athanase'' d anelmad n ''Aleksander'') i d-yufraren. Asqamu yeɣtes belli Mmi-s d Ubabat sɛan "yiwet n tumast" (''homoousios''). Aryus yugin ad yestenyi aɣtas-agi, yettwakkes-as wemkan-is, yettwanfa (yettwanfa ɣer Ilirya). == Taggara n Tudert-is == Tudert n Aryus ur tfukk ara di Niqya. Isqafen i t-iḥemmlen kemmlen amahil-nsen i wakken ad t-id-rren. Amenkad Kunsṭantin, ɣer taggara n tudert-is, yuɣal yessexdam aṭas n yiwellihen n yitaryaniyen, yerna yebɣa ad d-yerr Aryus s wudem unṣib ɣer teglizt deg useggas n 336 S.Ɛ., di temdint n Kunsṭantinupel. Maca, s wudem ur yettwarǧi ara, Aryus yemmut, yiwen n wass send(uqbel) agraw i as-d-heggan. Kra n yimussnawen d yimazrayen qqaren belli ahat tettwafk-as ssem (yettwasemmem). == Tazrirt d Umezruy n Taryanit == Ɣas akken yemmut Aryus, taryanit tekcem s lqedd deg umezruy. Iɣerfan igermaniyen igiṭiyen am Yiguten (Goths), Yiviziguten (Wisigoths) d Yivundaliyen (Vandales) qeblen tamasiḥit taryanit s ufus n uceggɛan Ulfilas. Ayen yessewhamen, taryanit tuɣal-d ɣer Tafriqt Ugafa (tamurt tayemmat n Aryus) di lqern wis semmus s ufus n Yivundaliyen i d-yekcmen ɣer temnaḍt-a, bdan leḥkem-nsen zdat n tkatulikit tarumanit n [[Agerram Augustin (Saint Augustin)|Ugustin]] n Hippon. Amgired-agi n tesreḍt yegla-d s waṭas n tedyanin d yimenɣiyen gar yigelliden ivundaliyen d rruman deg Tmazɣa (Tafriqt Ugafa). bg87x2wxpt3pn474px2i3ehlbkh6hsj 0 25512 116776 116773 2026-07-04T10:57:10Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116776 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Nero Glyptothek Munich 321.jpg|vignette|Aqerru n Niru, seg usebdad-ines.]] '''Niru''' (s tlatinit: ''Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus''), ilul deg 15 Dujamber 37 S.Ɛ, yemmut deg 9 Yunyu 68 S.Ɛ, d amenkad aṛumani wis semmus(xemsa), yerna d aneggaru deg twacult n Yulyu-Klud (''Julio-Claudienne''). Yeṭṭef adabu seg useggas 54 ar 68 S.Ɛ. Xas akken iseggasen imezwura n udabu-s llan d wid n talwit d teɣdemt, isem-is yeqqen s lqis ɣer tdankit, takriḍt, akked Tmes Tameqqrant n Ṛuma. D yiwen seg yigelliden i d-yeǧǧan later lqayen deg umezruy n tmenkda taṛumanit, maca yettwassen s yir isem ɣef ljal n temsal n ddell i yexdem. == Temẓi d Talyat ɣer Uqerru n Tmenkda == === Aẓar d Twacult === Isem-is amezwaru d '''Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus'''. Yemma-s d Agrippina Tamẓiyant, i yellan d yiwet n tmeṭṭut yesɛan tazrirt tameqqrant deg tsertit taṛumanit. Tella d weltma-s n umenkad Kaligula (Caligula). === Anekcum ɣer Udabu (54 S.Ɛ) === Deg useggas 49 S.Ɛ, Agrippina tezweǧ d ɛemmi-s, amenkad Kludyus(''Claudius)''. S tiḥerci-s d txazabiyin-is, tessaweḍ ad tqenneɛ ''Claudius'' ad d-irebbu Niru am mmi-s, yerna ad t-yessers d amekkasu-ines, xas akken ''Claudius'' yesɛa mmi-s n tidet i d-ilulen seg tmeṭṭut-is tamezwarut (''Britannicus''). S deffir lmut n ''Claudius'' deg useggas 54 S.Ɛ (aṭas i yeqqaren belli d Agrippina i t-yesseččen s ssem), Niru yuli ɣer uqerru n tmenkda taṛumanit, yella yesɛa kan 17 n yiseggasen deg leɛmeṛ-is. == Iseggasen Imezwura n Udabu (Quinquennium Neronis) == Tallit tamezwarut n lḥekm-is tella s ddaw n ufus d wallen n kraḍ wudmawen imeqqranen: * '''Agrippina (Yemma-s):''' I yebɣan ad teḥkem tamenkda s ufus n mmi-s. * '''Sinka (Sénèque):''' Afiluzuf d amusnaw ameqqran i t-isselmeden. * '''Burrus:''' Aqerruy n yiserdasen iḥeddayen n umenkad. Deg yiseggasen-a imezwura, tsertit n Ṛuma teṣfa. Niru yesseḥbiber ɣef teɣdemt, yesselhu aẓayeṛ n yiqeddacen (iklan), yerna yefka azal i Usqamu Unnig (''Imni arumani''). Isem n tallit-a yeqqim-d deg umezruy am tsusmi d ubaɣur i tmenkda. == Tadankit d Tnekkra ɣef Yimawlan == Maca, s leɛḍil, Niru yebda yettwexxiṛ seg teɣri n yimawlan-is. Ikcem-it uɣemlil (Aɣedlilef) d ukukru n teḥraymit. * '''Timenɣiwt n yemma-s (59 S.Ɛ):''' Imi Agrippina tkemmel tessekcam iman-is deg tlufa n udabu, Niru yeɣtes ad t-yessenger. Deffir n waṭas n wudmawen i yexdem iwakken ad tt-ineɣ s tuffra (am uɣrab n lbabuṛ yetturẓen iwakken ad yeɣreq), ɣer taggara iceggeɛ-as iserdasen i tt-yenɣan. * '''Timenɣiwt n tlawin-is:''' Yenɣa tameṭṭut-is tamezwarut, Octavia, iwakken ad yezweǧ d Poppaea Sabina. Dɣa ula d Poppaea yenɣa-tt s teyitiwin mi tella s tadist. Ssakkin, ula d ameskar-is Sinka, iḥettem fell-as ad yenɣu iman-is. Niru yeqher inaẓrafen d yimeqqranen n tmenkda, yettarra-d akk ayla n Ṛuma d ayla-s. == Times Tameqqrant n Ṛuma d Uqehheṛ n Yimasiḥiyen (64 S.Ɛ) == Aneḍru yettwassnen aṭas deg tallit-is d times tameqqrant i yewwten tamdint n Ṛuma deg Yulyu n useggas 64. Times-agi tesreɣ aṭas n yigmamen n temdint d wazal n sḍis n wussan. * '''Tuccḍa n Niru:''' Inekcamen n lawan-nni qqaren-d belli Niru yella icennu yerna yekkat agiṭar mi tetteṛɣay Ṛuma, yettxayel-d iman-is deg umezgun am aɣelluy n Tṛwa (''Troie''), ɣas akken ulac anza ufris ɣef waya. Maca isugen-as d ayen n lmuḥal. * '''Tamasit ɣef Yimasiḥiyen:''' Iwakken ad isukkes iman-is seg rregmat n uɣref, Niru yerra tamasit d uɣilif ɣef tegrawt tamaynut n ddin i d-ibanen: '''Imasiḥiyen'''. Yeqher-iten s lḥif, yerra-ten d tiɣtas n tkerrist, isreɣ-iten, yerna yessaweḍ-iten ar lmut s yir isuraf deg wurar n unnar n tẓuri. qqse3p8yys3g5l7hlracuseqwo1vpyh 0 25513 116777 2026-07-04T11:01:45Z Gurzil90x 14292 Amagrad amaynut 116777 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Vespasian, from Naples, c. AD 70, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen (13646730625).jpg|vignette|Asebdad n Vespasyan.]] '''Vespasyan''' (ilul deg 17 wember n useggas 9, yemmut deg 23 yunyu n useggas 79) d amenkad aṛumani i d-yeṭṭfen adabu seg useggas 69 ar 79. D netta i d-yesbedden agdez aflabyan, yettwassen s usigna n temḥaddit n Tmenkda Taṛumanit deffir yiwet n tezɣent d amgaru aɣarman ameqqran i d-yeḍran deffir tmettant n [[Niru]]. fmmxzxh1jtnkrtnjzp719y3uub3b3h9