Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Sujet 0 25512 116799 116794 2026-07-10T10:54:20Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116799 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Nero Glyptothek Munich 321.jpg|vignette|Aqerru n Niru, seg usebdad-ines.]] '''Niru''' (s tlatinit: ''Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus''), ilul deg 15 Dujamber 37 S.Ɛ, yemmut deg 9 Yunyu 68 S.Ɛ, d amenkad aṛumani wis semmus(xemsa), yerna d aneggaru deg twacult n Yulyu-Klud (''Julio-Claudienne''). Yeṭṭef adabu seg useggas 54 ar 68 S.Ɛ. Xas akken iseggasen imezwura n udabu-s llan d wid n talwit d teɣdemt, isem-is yeqqen s lqis ɣer tdankit, takriḍt, akked Tmes Tameqqrant n Ṛuma. D yiwen seg yigelliden i d-yeǧǧan later lqayen deg umezruy n tmenkda taṛumanit, maca yettwassen s yir isem ɣef ljal n temsal n ddell i yexdem. == Temẓi d Talyat ɣer Uqerru n Tmenkda == === Aẓar d Twacult === Isem-is amezwaru d '''Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus'''. Yemma-s d Agrippina Tamẓiyant, i yellan d yiwet n tmeṭṭut yesɛan tazrirt tameqqrant deg tsertit taṛumanit. Tella d weltma-s n umenkad Kaligula (Caligula). === Anekcum ɣer Udabu (54 S.Ɛ) === Deg useggas 49 S.Ɛ, Agrippina tezweǧ d ɛemmi-s, amenkad Kludyus(''Claudius)''. S tiḥerci-s d txazabiyin-is, tessaweḍ ad tqenneɛ ''Claudius'' ad d-irebbu Niru am mmi-s, yerna ad t-yessers d amekkasu-ines, xas akken ''Claudius'' yesɛa mmi-s n tidet i d-ilulen seg tmeṭṭut-is tamezwarut (''Britannicus''). S deffir lmut n ''Claudius'' deg useggas 54 S.Ɛ (aṭas i yeqqaren belli d Agrippina i t-yesseččen s ssem), Niru yuli ɣer uqerru n tmenkda taṛumanit, yella yesɛa kan 17 n yiseggasen deg leɛmeṛ-is. == Iseggasen Imezwura n Udabu (Quinquennium Neronis) == Tallit tamezwarut n lḥekm-is tella s ddaw n ufus d wallen n kraḍ wudmawen imeqqranen: * '''Agrippina (Yemma-s):''' I yebɣan ad teḥkem tamenkda s ufus n mmi-s. Deg umezruy n tmenkda taṛumanit, drus n tlawin i yesɛan tazmert d tezmert n tsertit am Agrippina Tamẓiyant. Imi i d-tewweḍ ad tessers mmi-s Niru ɣef wudem n udabu deg useggas 54 S.Ɛ, asmi yesɛa kan mraw d sa (17) n yiseggasen deg leɛmeṛ-is, tella tettwali iman-is d nettat i d aqeṛṛu n tidet n tmurt. Iseggasen imezwura n udabu n Niru, i yettwassnen s yisem n ''Quinquennium Neronis'' (Semmus iseggasen iṣfan n Niru), llan d annar n umennuɣ uffir ɣef udabu gar kraḍ n tgejda: Agrippina s timmad-is, afiluzuf Sinik (Sénèque), akked ujeniral Burrus. Deg yiseggasen imezwura, Agrippina ur teffir ara akk lebɣi-s deg udabu. Tella tettekka deg tlufa n uwanek s wudem unṣib d wudem uffir. D nettat i yesselḥayen isuda imeqqranen n Ṛuma s yisem n mmi-s, yerna tessaweḍ ad tessekcem isem-is d tugna-s ula deg tedrimt (tiẓraf) taṛumanit. Deg waṭas n tebniqin n lawan-nni, tugna-s tella tetteddu-d s yidis n tugna n Niru, d ayen i d-yesskanen belli aẓayeṛ-is yerna ɣef uẓayeṛ n tmeṭṭut n umenkad neɣ yemma-s kan; tella d tamerkantit deg tmenkda. Rnu ɣef waya, asmi ara d-yili usemres n Usqamu Unnig (Sénat), Agrippina tella tettaṭṭaf amkan deffir n uɣenbur neɣ n tdebbuzt, tselled i wayen i d-yettwaxedmen yerna tettekka deg teɣtasin war ma walan-tt-id yinaẓrafen (iɛeggalen n usqamu). Iswi-s yella d aḥraz n udabu i d-tebna s ddeqs n txazabiyin d yidammen n wid i tt-yugin. Maca, tazrirt-agi tameqqrant n Agrippina tebda tewwi-d acewwel ɣef Sinik d Burrus, i yellan d wid yessegzayen i Niru amek ara yiḥkem s teɣdemt d usaḍuf. Sin-a n yirgazen n tsertit walan belli aɣmar n Agrippina yezmer ad yesseɣli tamenkda deg tdankit d usenṭeḍ n tmenɣiwt. Dɣa bdan ttekksen-as adabu s ddaw yiḍarren-is. Llan ttweṣṣin Niru, sskanayen-as-d belli d netta i d amenkad ameqqran, yerna issefk fell-as ad yeḥkem s timanit war ma yeqqim s ddaw tmuɣli n yemma-s. S tallelt-nsen, Niru yebda yettḥussu belli tazmert-is tella s ddaw n ufus n tmeṭṭut-a tamesbaṭlit, dɣa yebda yettarra-tt ɣer teɣmart. Tuqqna i d-yellan gar Niru d yemma-s tebda tettqerriṣ s ssebba n tudert-is tayiwnant. Agrippina tḥettem ɣef mmi-s ad yezweǧ d Ukṭafya (Octavie), iwakken ad yesseğhed aẓar-is deg twacult tamenkadt. Maca Niru yugi-tt, yerna yeɣli-d deg tayri n yiwet n tqeddact i d-yettwasuref i wumi qqaren Akṭi (Acte). Agrippina, imi twala belli tazrirt-is ɣef mmi-s tetteddu ad teɣli ɣef ljal n tqeddact-a, terfa aṭas yerna tebda tettgalla mgal Niru deg wuxxam n umenkad ameqqran. Tugdi-s tameqqrant tella d akken Akṭi ad tessiweḍ ad teḥkem deg wallaɣ n Niru, ayen ara d-yeglun s uṭixer n Agrippina seg tsertit. * '''Sinik:''' Afiluzuf d amusnaw ameqqran i t-isselmeden. * '''Burrus:''' Aqerruy n yiserdasen iḥeddayen n umenkad. Deg yiseggasen-a imezwura, tsertit n Ṛuma teṣfa. Niru yesseḥbiber ɣef teɣdemt, yesselhu aẓayeṛ n yiqeddacen (iklan), yerna yefka azal i Usqamu Unnig (''Imni arumani''). Isem n tallit-a yeqqim-d deg umezruy am tsusmi d ubaɣur i tmenkda. == Tadankit d Tnekkra ɣef Yimawlan == Maca, s leɛḍil, Niru yebda yettwexxiṛ seg teɣri n yimawlan-is. Ikcem-it uɣemlil (Aɣedlilef) d ukukru n teḥraymit. * '''Timenɣiwt n yemma-s (59 S.Ɛ):''' Imi Agrippina tkemmel tessekcam iman-is deg tlufa n udabu, Niru yeɣtes ad t-yessenger. Deffir n waṭas n wudmawen i yexdem iwakken ad tt-ineɣ s tuffra (am uɣrab n lbabuṛ yetturẓen iwakken ad yeɣreq), ɣer taggara iceggeɛ-as iserdasen i tt-yenɣan. * '''Timenɣiwt n tlawin-is:''' Yenɣa tameṭṭut-is tamezwarut, Octavia, iwakken ad yezweǧ d Poppaea Sabina. Dɣa ula d Poppaea yenɣa-tt s teyitiwin mi tella s tadist. Ssakkin, ula d ameskar-is Sinka, iḥettem fell-as ad yenɣu iman-is. Niru yeqher inaẓrafen d yimeqqranen n tmenkda, yettarra-d akk ayla n Ṛuma d ayla-s. == Times Tameqqrant n Ṛuma d Uqehheṛ n Yimasiḥiyen (64 S.Ɛ) == Aneḍru yettwassnen aṭas deg tallit-is d times tameqqrant i yewwten tamdint n Ṛuma deg Yulyu n useggas 64. Times-agi tesreɣ aṭas n yigmamen n temdint d wazal n sḍis n wussan. * '''Tuccḍa n Niru:''' Inekcamen n lawan-nni qqaren-d belli Niru yella icennu yerna yekkat agiṭar mi tetteṛɣay Ṛuma, yettxayel-d iman-is deg umezgun am aɣelluy n Tṛwa (''Troie''), ɣas akken ulac anza ufris ɣef waya. Maca isugen-as d ayen n lmuḥal. * '''Tamasit ɣef Yimasiḥiyen:''' Iwakken ad isukkes iman-is seg rregmat n uɣref, Niru yerra tamasit d uɣilif ɣef tegrawt tamaynut n ddin i d-ibanen: '''Imasiḥiyen'''. Yeqher-iten s lḥif, yerra-ten d tiɣtas n tkerrist, isreɣ-iten, yerna yessaweḍ-iten ar lmut s yir isuraf deg wurar n unnar n tẓuri. == Tẓuri, Amezgun d Usenfar "Domus Aurea" == Niru yesɛa aramsu ameqqran i tẓuri. Yella yettwali iman-is d anaẓur (cennu, amezgun, timsizzelt n yikeryuten). Yella yettruḥu ad yurar deg tmurt n Legrig, ayen yessetḥan aṭas asqamu ameqqran aṛumani, acku ur d-yewwi ara s ccan i yiwen n umenkad ad yurar s udem agdudan gar yimdanen imuta. Deffir n Tmes Tameqqrant, yexdem yiwen n usebɣer ameqqran : yebna axxam n ugelid d ameqqran i s-yefka isem n '''Domus Aurea''' (Axxam n Wureɣ). Tella d yiwet n temṣukt tameqqrant yerna d tabaẓṭit i yeččan aṭas n tedrimt d twensi n uɣref aṛumani. == Taggara d Uɣelluy n Umenkad (65 - 68 S.Ɛ) == Tasertit n Niru deg tdamsa teččur d axessar, d ayen i d-yewwin lxiq d wurrif seg yal tama n tmenkda, ladɣa gar yimḍebbren n lɛeskeṛ. * '''Tigrawliwin n Yijeniralen:''' Deg useggas 68, yiwet n tegrawla tnekkred deg tmurt n Ɣul (''Gaule'') s ddaw tmehla n Vindex, syin tkemmel-d s tagrawla n Galba deg tmurt n Ṣbenya (Hispania). * '''Timenɣiwt n yiman:''' Imi yufa iman-is weḥd-s, iserdasen-is d asqamu wwin-tt mgal-is yerna rran-t d "Aɛdaw n Uwanek". Niru yerwel seg temdint n Ṛuma. Mi yesla belli iserdasen teddun-d ad t-ṭṭfen iwakken ad t-nɣen s lmut n ddell (s uqbaṛ deg usalu), Niru yewwet iman-is s tuzzalt ɣer temgerṭ s tallelt n uqeddac-is (Epaphroditus) deg 9 Yunyu 68 S.Ɛ. fz3nqtj4cukv62lb5zc19cdlccen3jp 0 25513 116797 116788 2026-07-09T20:37:55Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 116797 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Vespasian, from Naples, c. AD 70, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen (13646730625).jpg|vignette|Asebdad n Vespasyan.]] '''Vespasyan''' (ilul deg 17 wember n useggas 9, yemmut deg 23 yunyu n useggas 79) d amenkad aṛumani i d-yeṭṭfen adabu seg useggas 69 ar 79. D netta i d-yesbedden agdez aflabyan, yettwassen s usigna n temḥaddit n Tmenkda Taṛumanit deffir yiwet n tezɣent d amgaru aɣarman ameqqran i d-yeḍran deffir tmettant n [[Niru]]. == Temẓi d tneflit-is == Vespasyan ilul-d deg taddart n Falakrina (Falacrinae), deg temnaḍt n Sabin, tama n Rityi (Reate) deg Ṭṭalyan n wass-a. Mgal aṭas n yimenkaden i t-id-yezwaren, Vespasyan ur d-yekki ara seg yiwet n twacult tageldant neɣ tamasɣant n Ruma, maca yusa-d seg "Tasunḍa n iɛudiwen". Baba-s, Titus Flabyus Sabinus, d amelqqaḍ n tewsiwin, yerna d amdan i yettqadaren asurdi. S tsertit d ugama-s(ṭṭbiɛa-s) ur nessin zzux, Vespasyan yekcem ɣer tudert tasertant d tserdasit s tḥerci, yuli asurif s usurif deg tseddarin n tedbelt d lɛesker n Ṛuma. == Amecwar aserdas d yimenɣiwen == Vespasyan yettwassen s tezmert-is deg yimenɣiwen. Isekker-d aṭas n yimenɣan iserdasiyen imeqqranen : * '''Anekcum ɣer Briṭanya (43 - 44):''' S ddaw ufus n umenkad Kludyus (Claude), Vespasyan yella d aqerru ɣef Tegrumma Tis Snat (Legio II Augusta). Iban-d aṭas deg unekcum aṛumani ɣer tegzirt n Briṭanya (Grande-Bretagne n wass-a), anda i d-yewwi aṭas n truẓiwin mgal teqbilin tidiganin. Ayagi yefka-yas-d tisellat tameqqrant deg Ṛuma. * '''Tagrawla n Wudayen (66 - 69):''' Deg useggas 66, tnekker-d tegrawla tameqqrant deg tmurt n Yahuda (Judée). Amenkad Niru yefka-yas asenfar i Vespasyan akken ad yesseɣli tagrawla-a. S yiwet n tezmert d tḥerci n ujiniral, Vespasyan yessaweḍ ad d-yerr aṭas n temdinin ɣer ufus n Ṛuma, uqbel ma yeǧǧa taɣawsa deg ufus n mmi-s Tiṭus (Titus) asmi yella yettazzal ɣef udabu. == Aseggas n Kuẓ n Yimenkaden d tuṭṭfa n udabu (69) == Asmi yemmut [[Niru]] deg useggas 68, Ruma tkecm-itt tezɣent taɣarmant tameqqrant, yettwassnen s yisem n "Useggas n Kuẓ n Yimenkaden". Deg yiwen n useggas (69), ɛeddan-d kraḍ n yimenkaden: Galba, Utu (Othon), d Vitilyus (Vitellius). Iserdasen n Usammer (Igipti, Surya, d Yahuda) fernen Vespasyan d amenkad. S wudem uzzig, yewwi-d adeg n leqrar d tegmat seg yisurdasiyen-is akked lḥakem n maṣer Tiberiyus Alyksandarus. Iserdasen n Vespasyan, s ddaw leɛnaya n ujiniral-is Antunyus Primus, kecmen ɣer Ruma, sseɣlin Vitilyus, dɣa Asqamu aṛumani yesteɛref s Vespasyan d amenkad amaynut deg wember 69. == amenkda-s d tsertit tadamsant == Asmi yewweḍ ɣer udabu, Ṛuma tella tettwaɣ d leflas s ssebba n wemgaru aɣarman d uṣerref n Niru. Vespasyan yesbedd-d timsal s wudem ufrir : * '''Tiẓeṭṭḍin d teẓraf:''' Yesseɣti tadamsa n Ṛuma i yeɣlin. Yessers-d tiwsiwin timaynutin, gar-asent tiwsi ɣef yibdaz izuyaz. Asmi mmi-s Tiṭus yelum-it mgal tiwsi-a, Vespasyan yefka-yas-d tanfalit-nni yettwassnen aṭas: '''''"Pecunia non olet"''''' (Idrimen ur sriḥen ara). * '''Tadbelt d''' '''usaḍuf:''' Yesseɣti Asqamu aṛumani, yessekcem ɣur-s aṭas n yimaslaḍen imaynuten n "tesmilt temnayt" seg yakk timnaḍin n Tmenkda. Iṣeggem tiwuriwin duzref. * '''Isekkiyen d lebni:''' Yesseḥbiber ɣef uḥric n lebni. Yebda abnay n uxxam ameqqran n wurar n yigelliden "asebdir(Amfityatr) Aflabyan", i neqqar ass-a '''Akulusyum'''. Yebna daɣen Afakan n Talwit. 9hvl85mvlu6h2spo49wu8zjv8549y1l 0 25514 116798 116789 2026-07-09T20:44:39Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116798 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fabius Planciades Fulgentius''' d yiwen n wemyaru alatini n tallit taqburt taneggarut. Aṭas n yisallen i d-yewwḍen fell-as ttwassnen-d s tezrawin d unadi di tsekla d umezruy n Tafriqt Ugafa. D ameskar i yesɛan tazrirt meqqren di tallit talemmast, ladɣa s tarrayt-is deg usegzi n yedlisen d tesnamya(tamitulujit). == Tudert d Uẓar-is == Tudert n Fabius Planciades Fulgentius d tin yeffren s waṭas, ulac aṭas n yisallen ibanen 100% ɣef wass neɣ aseggas i deg d-ilul, maca imusnawen n umezruy mtafaqen ɣef kra n tilɣa: * '''Tallit d Wamkan:''' Yedder deg taggara n tsut tis 5 d tazwara n tsut tis 6 seld Ɛisa. Yekka-d seg Tafriqt Ugafa (Tamazɣa), ahat deg temnaḍt n Qerṭaj (Carthage n tura), di tallit n tgeldit n Yivandalen. Ayagi yettban-d seg talɣa n tutlayt-is d uẓaṛ n yisental i ɣef d-yewwi. * '''Asexleḍ amazrayan:''' Yella yiwen n wugur deg umezruy anda aṭas n yimnuda ssexlaḍen gar-as d wemrabeḍ '''Fulgentius n Ruspe''' (yiwen n ugerram d uqerru n teglizt di Tunes n tura). Ɣas akken llan kra n yimusnawen i d-yeqqaren d yiwen n wemdan ay llan, tuget n tezrawin ass-a qqarent-d d akken d sin yemdanen yemgaraden. Tira n Planciades Fulgentius teččur d tamucuha d tmiṭulujit tarumanit/tagrikit, ma d Fulgentius n Ruspe yura kan ɣef ddin d tmasɣant. == Tira d Yidlisen-is == Fulgentius yettwassen s useqdec n "tininiḍent" deg tira-s. Ihi ur yettwali ara tamacahut am akken tella, maca yettnadi ɣef unamek yeffren s deffir-s. Yura kuẓ (4) n yidlisen imeqqranen i d-yewwḍen ar ass-a: === 1. Kraḍ n yidlisen n tmitulujit (''Mitologiarum libri III'') === D adlis anda i d-yefka asegzi i tmucuha d tmiṭulujiyin tigrikiyin d tṛumaniyin. Di tmuɣli-s, iyucen (irebbiten) d tullisin-agi '''ur llin ara d''' '''ayen yellan s tidet, ur ddiren ara s lǧetta deg umezruy''', maca d inzan d yimedyaten i d-yesskanayen tikli, takrebbut(amyar) d tnefsit n wemdan. Yerra timucuha-agi d isental n leɛqel d tmusni. === 2. Asegzi n yisental n Virgilius (''Expositio Virgilianae continentiae'') === D adlis anda i d-yefsi tamacahut n yisefra imeqqranen n ''Énéide'' n wemyaru Virgilius. Fulgentius yerra ammud-agi d amedya ɣef tudert n wemdan, seg temẓi alamma d temɣer. Ɣur-s, inig n wemdan Énée (Aeneas) d inig n wemdan i yettnadin ɣef tmusni, anda yettemlili d lmuḥal d ccehwat n ddunit iwakken ad yaweḍ ɣer tidet d tafrit. === 3. Asegzi n wawalen iqburen (''Expositio sermonum antiquorum'') === D amawal d usmekti anda i d-yessegzi 62 n wawalen ilatiniyen iqburen i yebdan ttwattun di tallit-is. Ɣas akken yebɣa ad d-yesken agagg-is, imnuda n tura wwin-d s lexbar belli aṭas seg yisegziyen-is, isemlan, d tiɣbula i d-yebder d ayen i d-yesnulfa seg wallaɣ-is kan iwakken ad yessebgen amatar-is. === 4. Ɣef leɛmer n umaḍal d wemdan (''De aetatibus mundi et hominis'') === D adlis ɣef umezruy n ddunit, seg beddu n umaḍal alamma d tallit n Yiṛumaniyen. Ayen yessewhamen deg wedlis-a d talɣa-s: yettwaru s tɣara i wumi neqqar ''lipogramme''. Yal aḥric n wedlis yettwakkas deg-s yiwen n usekkil. Amedya, deg uḥric amezwaru ur yeseqdec ara akk asekkil "A", deg wis sin ur yeseqdec ara "B", atg. D asenɛet meqqren n tzemmar-is deg useqdec n tutlayt talatinit. mo261iyhzw6459io40w41bmblfcus58