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xebat
0
3948
6234275
6017287
2026-05-08T10:33:13Z
~2026-27926-02
14920
Werger: +swêdî : [[jobb]]; +swêdî : [[arbete]] (bi alîkarî)
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Key Mîrza-xebat.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|xebat|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[xizmet|Xizmet]], [[kiriyar]], tişta/ê tê kirinê, tişta/ê mirov dike.
#: {{mk|ku|'''Xebata''' wî hêja ye.}}
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Adat û Rusûmatnameyê Ekradiyye, '''xebateke''' civaknasî, etnografî û folklorî ye. Ji rabûn rûniştinê heta awayên zewacê, ji baweriyên gelêrî heta navên jin û mêrên kurdan, ji taybetmendiyên cilûbergên kurdewarî heta xwarin û vexwarinan, der barê çand û civaka kurdan de agahî hatine dayîn.|[[w:Beşek Ji Folklora Kurdî: Çîrok|Beşek Ji Folklora Kurdî: Çîrok]]'', [[w:Mehmet Bozkoyun|Mehmet Bozkoyun]], Bingöl Üniversitesi Yaşayan Diller Enstitüsü Dergisi}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|خهبات}}
* {{ku-kr|хәбат}}
==== Hevmane ====
* [[têkoşîn]], [[ked]], [[kar]], [[çalakî]], [[kiryar]]
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku|cure=Jê
|xebatkar
|xebatkarî
|xebatker
|xebatkerî
|xebitandin
|xebitandî
|xebitîn
|xebitok
|xebat kirin<q:lêker>
|xebatkirin<q:navdêr>
|xebatberdan<q:navdêr>
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|arc|ku|tr=xebat}}, [[hevreh]]a {{hv|akk||tr=xebatu|w=nêçîr kirin, talan kirin, standin}}.
==== Anagram ====
* {{anagram|ku|a=abetx|tebax}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Arbeit}} {{m}}, {{W+|de|Job}} {{n}}, {{W+|de|Tätigkeit}} {{m}}, {{W+|de|Werk}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|عمل}}, {{W+|ar|نشاط}}, {{W-|ar|نضال}}, {{W-|ar|جهد}}, {{W-|ar|كدح}}, {{W-|ar|شغل}}, {{W+|ar|جهاد|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|ﺷﻐل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|كفاح|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|السأو|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|عمل}}, {{W+|fa|کار}}, {{W+|fa|کردار}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|action}}, {{W+|en|activity}}, {{W+|en|doings}}, {{W+|en|exertion}}, {{W+|en|function}}, {{W+|en|labor}}, {{W+|en|labour}}, {{W+|en|work}}, {{W+|en|strife|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|operation|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|jobb}}, {{W+|sv|arbete}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|aksiyon}}, {{W+|tr|cereyan}}, {{W+|tr|efor}}, {{W+|tr|emek}}, {{W+|tr|emel}}, {{W+|tr|erk}}, {{W+|tr|faaliyet}}, {{W+|tr|fonksiyon}}, {{W+|tr|himmet}}, {{W+|tr|iltimas}}, {{W+|tr|iş}}, {{W+|tr|kar}}, {{W+|tr|mesai}}, {{W+|tr|operasyon}}, {{W+|tr|çalışma}}, {{W+|tr|çabalama}}
{{werger-bin}}
c41hly6pgr0y2oj5asjhvwwvdtdihec
her
0
6713
6234282
6114361
2026-05-08T11:55:57Z
~2026-27761-30
14922
Werger: +swêdî : [[alla]] (bi alîkarî)
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{{bnr-h|hêr}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163_(kmr)-Key Mîrza-her.wav|Deng|Wan}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Cînav ===
{{cînav|ku}}
# [[hemû]], [[giş]], [[tev]], [[hemû]], [[gişt]], [[sercem]], [[çi]] be, [[kîj]] be
#: ''her roj'' (hemû rojan; çi roj be, kîj roj be) <br>''her kes'' (hemû kes; çi kes be, kîj kes be)
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|هەر}}
* {{ku-kr|һәр}}
==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Feqiyê Teyran}}|jêgirtin=Baxê ku baxvan bête '''her'''</br>Erdek heye ew tê oebî}}
==== Bide ber ====
* [[hemû]]
* [[hev]]
* [[hê]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
* {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}}: *'''solwos'''- ("her, tam")
* {{ji|ira-pro||-}}: *'''haruo'''- ("her, tam")
::{{ae}}: '''haruva'''- ("her")
::{{peo}}: '''haurva'''- ("her")
::{{xpr}}: '''hrw''' ("her")
::{{pal}}: '''harw''' ("her")
::{{fa}}: '''har''' ("her")
::{{os}}: '''ali''' ("her") … {{ir}}
::{{kmr}}: '''her''' ("her")
::{{ckb}}: '''her''' ("her")
::{{hac}}: '''her''' ("her") ...
::{{zza}}: '''her''' ("her")
:[[ermenî|ermeniya kevn]]: '''ołʤ''' ("hemû, tam, sax")
:{{sa}}: '''sárva'''- ("her, tam")
:{{el}}: '''holos''' ("her")
:{{la}}: '''salvus''' ("tam") ...
<font style="font-size:10px">'''Çavkanî:''' [[Şablon:Horn|Horn p.244]], [[Şablon:Watkins|Watkins p.81]], [[Şablon:MacKenzie|MacKenzie P.97]], [[Şablon:Lubotsky|Lubotsky]]</font> | <font style="font-size:10px">'''Pokorny:''' 979</font><br>
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* [[hercar]]
* [[herder]]
* [[here]]
* [[herî]]
* [[herkes]]
* [[herdu]]
* [[herro]]
* [[herroj]]
}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|li pêş navdêran}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|elke}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|cilido}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|jeder}}
*: {{Z|pdc}}: {{W-|pdc|jeder}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W+|ast|cada}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|hər}}
* {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|һәр}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|ко́жны}}
* {{Z|bn}}: {{W+|bn|প্রতি}}, {{W+|bn|হর}}, {{W+|bn|কুল}}, {{W+|bn|তামাম}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W-|bg|все́ки}}
* {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|တိုင်း}}
* {{Z|ce}}: {{W-|ce|дерриг}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|každý}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|每|tr=mui5}}
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|每|tr=měi}}, {{W+|cmn|各|tr=gè}}
*: {{Z|nan}}: {{W+|nan|逐|tr=ta̍k}}, {{W+|nan|每|tr=múi}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|hver}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|setiap}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|كُلّ}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|ամեն}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|ĉiu}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|kõik}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|هر|tr=har}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|hvør}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|jokainen}}, {{W+|fi|joka}}, {{W-|fi|välein}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|tout}}, {{W+|fr|chaque}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|a h-uile}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W-|gl|toda|m}}, {{W+|gl|todo|n}}
* {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|ყველა}}, {{W-|ka|ყოველი}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W-|gn|mayma}}
* {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|tout}}, {{W-|ht|chak}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|हर}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|elk}}, {{W+|nl|ieder}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|כל|tr=kol}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|omna}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|ǣlċ}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|every}}
* {{Z|izh}}: {{W-|izh|joka}}, {{W-|izh|ikä}}
* {{Z|inh}}: {{W-|inh|дерриг}}
* {{Z|ia}}: {{W-|ia|cata}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|gach}}, {{W-|ga|gach uile}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|ogni}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|sérhver}}, {{W+|is|hver}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W-|ja|凡ゆる|tr=[[あらゆる]], arayuru}}, {{W+|ja|全て|cuda=全ての|tr=[[すべて]]の, subete-no}}, {{W+|ja|其々|tr=[[それぞれ]], sorezore}}, {{W+|ja|各々|tr=[[おのおの]], onoono}}, {{W+|ja|毎|cuda=…毎に|tr=…goto-ni}}, {{W+|ja|毎|tr=まい-, mai-}}, {{W+|ja|各|tr=かく, kaku}}
* {{Z|kn}}: {{W+|kn|ಪ್ರತಿ}}
* {{Z|kea}}: {{W-|kea|túdu}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|cada}}
* {{Z|qu}}: {{W+|qu|tukuy}}
* {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|ар}}
* {{Z|si}}: {{W+|si|හැම}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|각}}, {{W+|ko|모든}}, {{W+|ko|매|cuda=매-}}, {{W+|ko|각}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|quisque}}, {{W+|la|omnis}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|katrs}}
* {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ທຸກ}}, {{W-|lo|ທຸກໆ}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W-|lt|kiekvienas}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|секој}}
* {{Z|ml}}: {{W+|ml|ഓരോ}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|setiap}}, {{W-|ms|tiap-tiap}}
* {{Z|mt}}: {{W-|mt|kull}}
* {{Z|mh}}: {{W-|mh|wōtōm}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|minden}}
* {{Z|mn}}: {{W+|mn|бүр}}
* {{Z|wlc}}: {{W-|wlc|kila}}
* {{Z|no}}:
*: {{Z|nb}}: {{W+|nb|hver}}
*: {{Z|nn}}: {{W+|nn|kvar}}
* {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|har}}
* {{Z|ps}}: {{W-|ps|هر|tr=har}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|każdy}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|cada}}, {{W+|pt|todo|n}}, {{W+|pt|toda|m}}
* {{Z|kk}}: {{W-|kk|әр}}, {{W-|kk|әрбір}}, {{W-|kk|әркім}}
* {{Z|rom}}: {{W-|rom|sako|n}}, {{W-|rom|saki|m}}, {{W-|rom|sake|p}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|fiecare}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W-|ru|ка́ждый}}, {{W-|ru|вся́кий}}
* {{Z|sa}}: {{W+|sa|सर्व|tr=sárva}}, {{W+|sa|विश्व}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|сва̏кӣ}}
*: Latînî: {{W-|sh|svȁkī}}
* {{Z|sco}}: {{W-|sco|ivery}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W-|sk|každý}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|vsak}}
* Sorbî:
*: {{Z|dsb}}: {{W-|dsb|kuždy}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|cada}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|kila}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|varje}}, {{W+|sv|var}}, {{W+|sv|alla}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|ҳар}}
* {{Z|ta}}: {{W+|ta|ஒவ்வொரு}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|ทุก}}
* {{Z|te}}: {{W+|te|ప్రతి}}
* {{Z|tt}}: {{W-|tt|һәр}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|her}}
* {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|her}}
* {{Z|txb}}: {{W-|txb|po}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|ہر|tr=har}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|ко́жний}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|mỗi}}, {{W+|vi|các}}, {{W+|vi|từng}}
* {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|alik}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|pob}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|រាល់|tr=roal}}
* {{Z|yai}}: {{W-|yai|ҳар}}
* {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|יעדער}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|κάθε}}
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|ἕκαστος}}
{{werger-bin}}
:{{werger çavkanî|en|every|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê|oldid=75570693}}
=== Hoker ===
{{hoker|ku}}
# [[dîsa jî]], [[hê jî]], [[hîna jî]], [[niha]] jî, [[hingê]] jî:
#: ''Bûbû 30-salî lê her diçû xwendingehê!''
#: ''Çend kes ji me bên kuştin jî, em dê her xebata xwe bidomînin.''
# [[îlleh]], [[çawa be jî]]
#: ''Ez dê her biçim.''
{{werger-bnr|dîsa jî}}
{{werger-bnr|îlleh}}
== {{ziman|zza}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|zza|[ˈhɛr]}}
* {{deng|zza|LL-Q10199 (zza)-Mirzali-her.wav|Deng}}
=== Navdêr ===
[[Wêne:Kulan.jpg|thumb|her]]
{{navdêr|zza|z=n|m=here}}
# {{f|zza|guhandar}} {{g|ku|ker|id=dewarek}} (dewar)
#* {{bêmînak|zza}}
# {{f|zza|mecazî}} {{g|ku|ker|id=bêaqil}}, [[bêaqil]]
#* {{bêmînak|zza}}
==== Têkildar ====
* [[selkem]], cehşê ku gihiştî ber barî, [[berbar]]
{{bend}}
=== Cînav ===
{{cînav|zza}}
# {{g|ku|her}}, [[hemû]]
#* {{bêmînak|zza}}
== {{ziman|goh}} ==
=== Hoker ===
{{hoker|goh|hêr}}
# {{g|ku|li vir}}, {{g|ku|li vê derê}}
#* {{bêmînak|goh}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|goh|li vir}}
== {{ziman|gmh}} ==
=== Hoker ===
{{hoker|gmh|hër}}
# {{g|ku|vir}}, {{g|ku|vê derê}}
#* {{bêmînak|gmh}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|gmh|vir}}
== {{ziman|de}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|de|De-her.ogg|Deng}}
=== Hoker ===
{{hoker|de}}
# [[berê]], berî niha
#* {{bêmînak|de}}
# [[bi vir ve]], bi vê derê ve
#* {{bêmînak|de}}
== {{ziman|rup}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|rup|LL-Q29316 (rup)-Marija Pendevska (HristinaNastevska)-her.wav|Deng|dever=}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|rup|z=nt}}
# {{f|rup|element}} {{g|ku|hesin}}
#* {{bêmînak|rup}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|rup|hesin}}
== {{ziman|da}} ==
=== Hoker ===
{{hoker|da}}
# {{g|ku|li vir}}, {{g|ku|li vê derê}}
#* {{bêmînak|da}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|da|li vir}}
== {{ziman|fo}} ==
=== Hoker ===
{{hoker|fo}}
# {{g|ku|li vir}}, {{g|ku|li vê derê}}
#* {{bêmînak|fo}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|fo|li vir}}
== {{ziman|ang}} ==
=== Hoker ===
{{hoker|ang|hēr}}
# {{g|ku|li vir}}, {{g|ku|li vê derê}}
#* {{bêmînak|ang}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|ang|li vir}}
== {{ziman|en}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|en|en-us-her.ogg|dever=DYA}}
* {{deng|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-her.wav|Deng|dever=}}
* {{deng|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-her.wav|Deng|dever=London, QY}}
* {{deng|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-She animates-her.wav|Deng|dever=California, DYA}}
* {{deng|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-her.wav|Deng|dever=Teksas, DYA}}
=== Cînav ===
{{cînav|en}}
# ya / yê [[wê]]
#: {{mk|en|'''her''' brother|birayê wê|rêz=1}}
#: {{mk|en|'''her''' friends|hevalên wê|rêz=1}}
=== Rengdêr ===
{{rengdêr|en}}
# {{bêwate}}
#* {{bêmînak|en}}
== {{ziman|no}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|no|LL-Q9043 (nor)-Telaneo-her.wav|Deng|dever=Bærum, Norwêc}}
=== Hoker ===
{{hoker|no}}
# {{g|ku|li vir}}, {{g|ku|li vê derê}}
#* {{bêmînak|no}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|no|li vir}}
== {{ziman|rm}} ==
=== Hoker ===
{{hoker|rm}}
# [[duh#ku|duh]], [[duhî#ku|duhî]]
#* {{bêmînak|rm}}
== {{ziman|tr}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-Veravi95-her.wav|Deng|dever=}}
=== Cînav ===
{{cînav|tr}}
# {{g|ku|her}}
#: {{mk|en|'''Her''' gün bize gel.|Her roj were mala me.|rêz=1}}
== {{ziman|tk}} ==
=== Cînav ===
{{cînav|tk}}
# {{g|ku|her}} (hemû)
#* {{bêmînak|tk}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|tk|her}}
h9gafpyfp9mvhgw5ig32siawb8v84nq
herîn
0
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6234239
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Ghybu
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/* Lêker */
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-herîn.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|herîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=her}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}, {{r-ya req}}
# [[çûn]], [[bi rê ketin]], [[dûr ketin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Zû '''herin'''!}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ger em niha '''herin''', ew dê negihin me.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Divê em sibê zû '''herin'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ew kengî '''d(ih)ere'''?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ez '''terim'''.}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|rewtin}}
# {{f|ku|devokî}} [[birin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Hemin ku tu diçî, viya jî '''bihere''' bi xwe re.'' (Viya jî bibe bi xwe re)
==== Herwiha ====
* {{g|ku|herrîn}}
==== Tewîn ====
* [-her-]
* [-er-]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji pêş-hindû-ewropî [[*h₁er-]] (1. erd, 2. livîn, çûyîn, herrîn) pêş-îranî [[*Her-]] (herrîn, çûn)<ref>(Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 163-5)</ref>, bi [[metatez|metatezê]] hevrreha farisî {{g|fa|رسیدن}}(resîden) û dibe ku kurmancî [[rizîn|rrizîn]] jî, hevrreha [[zazakî]] {{g|zza|herr|w=erd}}.
Lê tenê di [[kurmancî|kurmanciya jorîn/badînî]] de heye û zimanên din ên kurdîkî de peyda nabe (heta [[mijar]]a [[henek]]ê ye jî, binêre [[here-were]]) lewma bide ber ermeniya kevn [[հեռ-]] • (heṙ-: [[dûr]]), ermeniya niha [[հեռու]] (heṙu: [[dûr]]). Heke ji vê rehê bibe; hevreha ingilîzî [[earth]], elmanî [[Erd]], holendî [[aarde]], norwêcî, swêdî, danmarkî [[jord]]. Bi devokî carinan bi wateya ''birin'' bi kar tê, dibe ku wateya resen ew bibe û paşê guherîbe.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|gehen}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|تأمم|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|رفتن}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W|fr|partir}}, {{W|fr|aller}}, {{W|fr|s’en aller}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|go}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gitmek}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Formeke lêkerê ===
{{lêker|ku|form=erê}}
# (ji "herîn") ''Binêre'': '''[[herîn]]'''.
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|herîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[çûn|Çûn]], [[birêketin]], [[dûrketin]].
#* {{jêder-malper|ku|jêgirtin=Ev kûrahiya ji ber helîna cemedê û '''herîn'''a avê bêhtir eleqeya min biribû ser xwe.|nivîskar=Eric Guth|sernav=Gereke Nûwaze Bo Çiyayên Sîpan ên Alaskayê|url=http://www.parzemin.com/gereke-nuwaze-bo-ciyayen-sipan-en-alaskaye/|arşîv=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331093629/http://www.parzemin.com/gereke-nuwaze-bo-ciyayen-sipan-en-alaskaye/|dîrok=2015-10-16}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|go}}, ([[act]] [[of]]) {{W|en|going}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gitme}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{clr}}
=== Rengdêr ===
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# ji heriyê {{bnr2|herî}} (1)
31ukzm3w094b7mcvcrd5livelqnbdfk
6234240
6234239
2026-05-08T02:46:14Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234240
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-herîn.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|herîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=her}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}, {{r-ya req}}
# [[çûn]], [[bi rê ketin]], [[dûr ketin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Zû '''herin'''!}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ger em niha '''herin''', ew dê negihin me.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Divê em sibê zû '''herin'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ew kengî '''d(ih)ere'''?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ez '''terim'''.}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|rewtin}}
# {{f|ku|devokî}} [[birin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Hemin ku tu diçî, viya jî '''bihere''' bi xwe re.|Viya jî bibe bi xwe re|rêz=1}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{g|ku|herrîn}}
==== Tewîn ====
* [-her-]
* [-er-]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji pêş-hindû-ewropî [[*h₁er-]] (1. erd, 2. livîn, çûyîn, herrîn) pêş-îranî [[*Her-]] (herrîn, çûn)<ref>(Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 163-5)</ref>, bi [[metatez|metatezê]] hevrreha farisî {{g|fa|رسیدن}}(resîden) û dibe ku kurmancî [[rizîn|rrizîn]] jî, hevrreha [[zazakî]] {{g|zza|herr|w=erd}}.
Lê tenê di [[kurmancî|kurmanciya jorîn/badînî]] de heye û zimanên din ên kurdîkî de peyda nabe (heta [[mijar]]a [[henek]]ê ye jî, binêre [[here-were]]) lewma bide ber ermeniya kevn [[հեռ-]] • (heṙ-: [[dûr]]), ermeniya niha [[հեռու]] (heṙu: [[dûr]]). Heke ji vê rehê bibe; hevreha ingilîzî [[earth]], elmanî [[Erd]], holendî [[aarde]], norwêcî, swêdî, danmarkî [[jord]]. Bi devokî carinan bi wateya ''birin'' bi kar tê, dibe ku wateya resen ew bibe û paşê guherîbe.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|gehen}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|تأمم|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|رفتن}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W|fr|partir}}, {{W|fr|aller}}, {{W|fr|s’en aller}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|go}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gitmek}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Formeke lêkerê ===
{{lêker|ku|form=erê}}
# (ji "herîn") ''Binêre'': '''[[herîn]]'''.
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|herîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[çûn|Çûn]], [[birêketin]], [[dûrketin]].
#* {{jêder-malper|ku|jêgirtin=Ev kûrahiya ji ber helîna cemedê û '''herîn'''a avê bêhtir eleqeya min biribû ser xwe.|nivîskar=Eric Guth|sernav=Gereke Nûwaze Bo Çiyayên Sîpan ên Alaskayê|url=http://www.parzemin.com/gereke-nuwaze-bo-ciyayen-sipan-en-alaskaye/|arşîv=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331093629/http://www.parzemin.com/gereke-nuwaze-bo-ciyayen-sipan-en-alaskaye/|dîrok=2015-10-16}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|go}}, ([[act]] [[of]]) {{W|en|going}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gitme}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{clr}}
=== Rengdêr ===
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# ji heriyê {{bnr2|herî}} (1)
aqcskecu3w06muxjct1b9v1kb5ybzho
6234241
6234240
2026-05-08T02:48:16Z
Ghybu
1393
6234241
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-herîn.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|herîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=her}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}, {{r-ya req}}
# [[çûn]], [[bi rê ketin]], [[dûr ketin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Zû '''herin'''!}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ger em niha '''herin''', ew dê negihin me.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Divê em sibê zû '''herin'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ew kengî '''d(ih)ere'''?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ez '''terim'''.}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|rewtin}}
# {{f|ku|devokî}} [[birin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Hemin ku tu diçî, viya jî '''bihere''' bi xwe re.|Viya jî bibe bi xwe re|rêz=1}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{g|ku|herrîn}}
==== Tewîn ====
* [-her-]
* [-er-]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji pêş-hindû-ewropî [[*h₁er-]] (1. erd, 2. livîn, çûyîn, herrîn) pêş-îranî [[*Her-]] (herrîn, çûn)<ref>(Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 163-5)</ref>, bi [[metatez|metatezê]] hevrreha farisî {{g|fa|رسیدن}}(resîden) û dibe ku kurmancî [[rizîn|rrizîn]] jî, hevrreha [[zazakî]] {{g|zza|herr|w=erd}}.
Lê tenê di [[kurmancî|kurmanciya jorîn/badînî]] de heye û zimanên din ên kurdîkî de peyda nabe (heta [[mijar]]a [[henek]]ê ye jî, binêre [[here-were]]) lewma bide ber ermeniya kevn [[հեռ-]] • (heṙ-: [[dûr]]), ermeniya niha [[հեռու]] (heṙu: [[dûr]]). Heke ji vê rehê bibe; hevreha ingilîzî [[earth]], elmanî [[Erd]], holendî [[aarde]], norwêcî, swêdî, danmarkî [[jord]]. Bi devokî carinan bi wateya ''birin'' bi kar tê, dibe ku wateya resen ew bibe û paşê guherîbe.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|gehen}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|تأمم|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|رفتن}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W|fr|partir}}, {{W|fr|aller}}, {{W|fr|s’en aller}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|go}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gitmek}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|herîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[çûn|Çûn]], [[birêketin]], [[dûrketin]].
#* {{jêder-malper|ku|jêgirtin=Ev kûrahiya ji ber helîna cemedê û '''herîn'''a avê bêhtir eleqeya min biribû ser xwe.|nivîskar=Eric Guth|sernav=Gereke Nûwaze Bo Çiyayên Sîpan ên Alaskayê|url=http://www.parzemin.com/gereke-nuwaze-bo-ciyayen-sipan-en-alaskaye/|arşîv=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331093629/http://www.parzemin.com/gereke-nuwaze-bo-ciyayen-sipan-en-alaskaye/|dîrok=2015-10-16}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|go}}, ([[act]] [[of]]) {{W|en|going}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gitme}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{clr}}
=== Rengdêr ===
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# Ji heriyê; binêre {{g|ku|herî}} (1)
=== Formeke lêkerê ===
{{lêker|ku|form=erê}}
# (ji "herîn") ''Binêre'': '''[[herîn]]'''.
7y1h9ruwp8tg4ds7yckcvdupnj4swms
6234242
6234241
2026-05-08T02:48:47Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Formeke lêkerê */
6234242
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-herîn.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|herîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=her}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}, {{r-ya req}}
# [[çûn]], [[bi rê ketin]], [[dûr ketin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Zû '''herin'''!}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ger em niha '''herin''', ew dê negihin me.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Divê em sibê zû '''herin'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ew kengî '''d(ih)ere'''?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ez '''terim'''.}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|rewtin}}
# {{f|ku|devokî}} [[birin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Hemin ku tu diçî, viya jî '''bihere''' bi xwe re.|Viya jî bibe bi xwe re|rêz=1}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{g|ku|herrîn}}
==== Tewîn ====
* [-her-]
* [-er-]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji pêş-hindû-ewropî [[*h₁er-]] (1. erd, 2. livîn, çûyîn, herrîn) pêş-îranî [[*Her-]] (herrîn, çûn)<ref>(Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 163-5)</ref>, bi [[metatez|metatezê]] hevrreha farisî {{g|fa|رسیدن}}(resîden) û dibe ku kurmancî [[rizîn|rrizîn]] jî, hevrreha [[zazakî]] {{g|zza|herr|w=erd}}.
Lê tenê di [[kurmancî|kurmanciya jorîn/badînî]] de heye û zimanên din ên kurdîkî de peyda nabe (heta [[mijar]]a [[henek]]ê ye jî, binêre [[here-were]]) lewma bide ber ermeniya kevn [[հեռ-]] • (heṙ-: [[dûr]]), ermeniya niha [[հեռու]] (heṙu: [[dûr]]). Heke ji vê rehê bibe; hevreha ingilîzî [[earth]], elmanî [[Erd]], holendî [[aarde]], norwêcî, swêdî, danmarkî [[jord]]. Bi devokî carinan bi wateya ''birin'' bi kar tê, dibe ku wateya resen ew bibe û paşê guherîbe.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|gehen}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|تأمم|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|رفتن}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W|fr|partir}}, {{W|fr|aller}}, {{W|fr|s’en aller}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|go}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gitmek}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|herîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[çûn|Çûn]], [[birêketin]], [[dûrketin]].
#* {{jêder-malper|ku|jêgirtin=Ev kûrahiya ji ber helîna cemedê û '''herîn'''a avê bêhtir eleqeya min biribû ser xwe.|nivîskar=Eric Guth|sernav=Gereke Nûwaze Bo Çiyayên Sîpan ên Alaskayê|url=http://www.parzemin.com/gereke-nuwaze-bo-ciyayen-sipan-en-alaskaye/|arşîv=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331093629/http://www.parzemin.com/gereke-nuwaze-bo-ciyayen-sipan-en-alaskaye/|dîrok=2015-10-16}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|go}}, ([[act]] [[of]]) {{W|en|going}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gitme}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{clr}}
=== Rengdêr ===
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# Ji heriyê; binêre {{g|ku|herî}} (1)
=== Formeke lêkerê ===
{{lêker|ku|form=erê}}
# (ji "herîn") ''Binêre'': '''[[herîn]]'''.
=== Çavkanî ===
{{çavkanî}}
rs11d28aazkm663xo22rg1drkzgyobf
6234243
6234242
2026-05-08T02:49:40Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6234243
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-herîn.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|herîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=her}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}, {{r-ya req}}
# [[çûn]], [[bi rê ketin]], [[dûr ketin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Zû '''herin'''!}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ger em niha '''herin''', ew dê negihin me.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Divê em sibê zû '''herin'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ew kengî '''d(ih)ere'''?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ez '''terim'''.}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|rewtin}}
# {{f|ku|devokî}} [[birin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Hemin ku tu diçî, viya jî '''bihere''' bi xwe re.|Viya jî bibe bi xwe re|rêz=1}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{g|ku|herrîn}}
==== Tewîn ====
* [-her-]
* [-er-]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji pêş-hindû-ewropî [[*h₁er-]] (1. erd, 2. livîn, çûyîn, herrîn) pêş-îranî [[*Her-]] (herrîn, çûn)<ref>(Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 163-5)</ref>, bi [[metatez|metatezê]] hevrreha farisî {{g|fa|رسیدن}}(resîden) û dibe ku kurmancî [[rizîn|rrizîn]] jî, hevrreha [[zazakî]] {{g|zza|herr|w=erd}}.
Lê tenê di [[kurmancî|kurmanciya jorîn/badînî]] de heye û zimanên din ên kurdîkî de peyda nabe (heta [[mijar]]a [[henek]]ê ye jî, binêre [[here-were]]) lewma bide ber ermeniya kevn [[հեռ-]] • (heṙ-: [[dûr]]), ermeniya niha [[հեռու]] (heṙu: [[dûr]]). Heke ji vê rehê bibe; hevreha ingilîzî [[earth]], elmanî [[Erd]], holendî [[aarde]], norwêcî, swêdî, danmarkî [[jord]]. Bi devokî carinan bi wateya ''birin'' bi kar tê, dibe ku wateya resen ew bibe û paşê guherîbe.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|gehen}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|تأمم|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|رفتن}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W|fr|partir}}, {{W|fr|aller}}, {{W|fr|s’en aller}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|go}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gitmek}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|herîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[çûn|Çûn]], [[birêketin]], [[dûrketin]].
#* {{jêder-malper|ku|jêgirtin=Ev kûrahiya ji ber helîna cemedê û '''herîna''' avê bêhtir eleqeya min biribû ser xwe.|nivîskar=Eric Guth|sernav=Gereke Nûwaze Bo Çiyayên Sîpan ên Alaskayê|url=http://www.parzemin.com/gereke-nuwaze-bo-ciyayen-sipan-en-alaskaye/|arşîv=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331093629/http://www.parzemin.com/gereke-nuwaze-bo-ciyayen-sipan-en-alaskaye/|dîrok=2015-10-16}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|go}}, ([[act]] [[of]]) {{W|en|going}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gitme}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{clr}}
=== Rengdêr ===
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# Ji heriyê; binêre {{g|ku|herî}} (1)
=== Formeke lêkerê ===
{{lêker|ku|form=erê}}
# (ji "herîn") ''Binêre'': '''[[herîn]]'''.
=== Çavkanî ===
{{çavkanî}}
jjsjbgxppwbmzuxhfwpyzz9xj9fpgnj
6234244
6234243
2026-05-08T02:57:18Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234244
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-herîn.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|herîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=her}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}, {{r-ya req}}
# [[çûn]], [[bi rê ketin]], [[dûr ketin]]
#: {{f|ku|devokî}} [[birin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Zû '''herin'''!}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ger em niha '''herin''', ew dê negihin me.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Divê em sibê zû '''herin'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ew kengî '''d(ih)ere'''?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ez '''terim'''.}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|rewtin}}
#: {{mk|ku|Hemin ku tu diçî, viya jî '''bihere''' bi xwe re.|Viya jî bibe bi xwe re|rêz=1}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{g|ku|herrîn}}
==== Tewîn ====
* [-her-]
* [-er-]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji pêş-hindû-ewropî [[*h₁er-]] (1. erd, 2. livîn, çûyîn, herrîn) pêş-îranî [[*Her-]] (herrîn, çûn)<ref>(Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 163-5)</ref>, bi [[metatez|metatezê]] hevrreha farisî {{g|fa|رسیدن}}(resîden) û dibe ku kurmancî [[rizîn|rrizîn]] jî, hevrreha [[zazakî]] {{g|zza|herr|w=erd}}.
Lê tenê di [[kurmancî|kurmanciya jorîn/badînî]] de heye û zimanên din ên kurdîkî de peyda nabe (heta [[mijar]]a [[henek]]ê ye jî, binêre [[here-were]]) lewma bide ber ermeniya kevn [[հեռ-]] • (heṙ-: [[dûr]]), ermeniya niha [[հեռու]] (heṙu: [[dûr]]). Heke ji vê rehê bibe; hevreha ingilîzî [[earth]], elmanî [[Erd]], holendî [[aarde]], norwêcî, swêdî, danmarkî [[jord]]. Bi devokî carinan bi wateya ''birin'' bi kar tê, dibe ku wateya resen ew bibe û paşê guherîbe.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|gehen}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|تأمم|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|رفتن}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W|fr|partir}}, {{W|fr|aller}}, {{W|fr|s’en aller}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|go}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gitmek}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|herîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[çûn|Çûn]], [[birêketin]], [[dûrketin]].
#* {{jêder-malper|ku|jêgirtin=Ev kûrahiya ji ber helîna cemedê û '''herîna''' avê bêhtir eleqeya min biribû ser xwe.|nivîskar=Eric Guth|sernav=Gereke Nûwaze Bo Çiyayên Sîpan ên Alaskayê|url=http://www.parzemin.com/gereke-nuwaze-bo-ciyayen-sipan-en-alaskaye/|arşîv=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331093629/http://www.parzemin.com/gereke-nuwaze-bo-ciyayen-sipan-en-alaskaye/|dîrok=2015-10-16}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|go}}, ([[act]] [[of]]) {{W|en|going}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gitme}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{clr}}
=== Rengdêr ===
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# Ji heriyê; binêre {{g|ku|herî}} (1)
=== Formeke lêkerê ===
{{lêker|ku|form=erê}}
# (ji "herîn") ''Binêre'': '''[[herîn]]'''.
=== Çavkanî ===
{{çavkanî}}
bytocz86qfp0c24wj1q8l0vlr5yas5x
6234245
6234244
2026-05-08T02:58:27Z
Ghybu
1393
6234245
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-herîn.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|herîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=her}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}, {{r-ya req}}
# [[çûn]], [[bi rê ketin]], [[dûr ketin]]
#: {{hevmane|ku|rewtin}}
#: {{mk|ku|Zû '''herin'''!}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ger em niha '''herin''', ew dê negihin me.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Divê em sibê zû '''herin'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ew kengî '''d(ih)ere'''?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ez '''terim'''.}}
# {{f|ku|devokî}} [[birin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Hemin ku tu diçî, viya jî '''bihere''' bi xwe re.|Viya jî bibe bi xwe re|rêz=1}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{g|ku|herrîn}}
==== Tewîn ====
* [-her-]
* [-er-]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji pêş-hindû-ewropî [[*h₁er-]] (1. erd, 2. livîn, çûyîn, herrîn) pêş-îranî [[*Her-]] (herrîn, çûn)<ref>(Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 163-5)</ref>, bi [[metatez|metatezê]] hevrreha farisî {{g|fa|رسیدن}}(resîden) û dibe ku kurmancî [[rizîn|rrizîn]] jî, hevrreha [[zazakî]] {{g|zza|herr|w=erd}}.
Lê tenê di [[kurmancî|kurmanciya jorîn/badînî]] de heye û zimanên din ên kurdîkî de peyda nabe (heta [[mijar]]a [[henek]]ê ye jî, binêre [[here-were]]) lewma bide ber ermeniya kevn [[հեռ-]] • (heṙ-: [[dûr]]), ermeniya niha [[հեռու]] (heṙu: [[dûr]]). Heke ji vê rehê bibe; hevreha ingilîzî [[earth]], elmanî [[Erd]], holendî [[aarde]], norwêcî, swêdî, danmarkî [[jord]]. Bi devokî carinan bi wateya ''birin'' bi kar tê, dibe ku wateya resen ew bibe û paşê guherîbe.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|gehen}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|تأمم|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|رفتن}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W|fr|partir}}, {{W|fr|aller}}, {{W|fr|s’en aller}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|go}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gitmek}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|herîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[çûn|Çûn]], [[birêketin]], [[dûrketin]].
#* {{jêder-malper|ku|jêgirtin=Ev kûrahiya ji ber helîna cemedê û '''herîna''' avê bêhtir eleqeya min biribû ser xwe.|nivîskar=Eric Guth|sernav=Gereke Nûwaze Bo Çiyayên Sîpan ên Alaskayê|url=http://www.parzemin.com/gereke-nuwaze-bo-ciyayen-sipan-en-alaskaye/|arşîv=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331093629/http://www.parzemin.com/gereke-nuwaze-bo-ciyayen-sipan-en-alaskaye/|dîrok=2015-10-16}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|go}}, ([[act]] [[of]]) {{W|en|going}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gitme}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{clr}}
=== Rengdêr ===
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# Ji heriyê; binêre {{g|ku|herî}} (1)
=== Formeke lêkerê ===
{{lêker|ku|form=erê}}
# (ji "herîn") ''Binêre'': '''[[herîn]]'''.
=== Çavkanî ===
{{çavkanî}}
euq16v4zjcq26xjohelvb47tve7x0uh
avêtin
0
8300
6234199
6033087
2026-05-07T14:56:16Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Jê */
6234199
wikitext
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-avêtin.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|avêtin|form=gerguhêz|niha=avêj|borî=avêt}}
[[Wêne:Assyrian spearman · HHWI469.svg|thumb|Kesek rimekê '''tavêjit'''.]]
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# Bi [[tund]]î ji [[dest]]ê xwe [[berdan]] daku li [[hewa]] [[dûr]] biçe.
#: {{mk|ku|Kevir û ber '''avêtin'''.}}
#* {{jêder-pirtûk|ku|jêgirtin=Ehmed bi xwe ben '''avêt''' ustuyê xwe û serêd benê dayêd destêt Madoyê, go kurû zû bikêşe|nivîskar=Mele Mehmûdê Bazîdî|sernav=Cami’eya Riseleyan û Hikayetan Bi Zimanê Kurmancî|cîh=Stembol<br> |weşanxane={{w|Weşanên Lîs|Lîs}}|sal=2010|çap=1|rûpel=109|isbn=978-605-5683-27-6}}
# Tiştek bi [[alav]]ekê [[berdan]] [[hewa]].
#: {{mk|ku|Fîşek '''avêtin'''.}}
# Êdî lê nebûn [[xwedî]], bi cih [[hêlan]], [[dest]] jê berdan, [[dev]] jê berdan.
#: {{mk|ku|Desteyek cilên nû bo xwe kirrî û cilên xwe yên kevn '''avêtin'''.}}
# Tiştek bi [[xemsarî]] [[berdan]].
#: {{mk|ku|Çanteyê xwe '''avêt''' erdê û revî.}}
# [[neçar|Neçar]] kirin ku biçe [[der]]ekê, [[def]] dan, [[han]] dan.
#: {{mk|ku|Wan em ji malê '''avêtin''' derê.}}
# [[rewş|Rewş]]a kesekê/î yan tiştekê/î ji [[nişkê]] ve [[guherandin]] (bi taybetî ber bi [[rewş]]eke [[xirab]] ve).
#: {{mk|ku|Ew ji kar hat '''avêtin'''.}}
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Destên wî girêbidin, lalekê derbasî hustyê wî bikin û wî '''biavêjin''' zîndanê."|''[[w:Çiyayê Agirî|Çiyayê Agirî]]'', [[w:Yaşar Kemal|Yaşar Kemal]], Weşanxana [[w:Çanda Kurdî|Çanda Kurdî]]}}
# Li [[erd]]ê dan.
#: {{mk|ku|Herduyan xwe li hev da lê yê mezin yê biçûk zû '''avêt''' erdê.}}
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Rêberê wan jî xwe li ser zik '''avêt''' erdê û wî jî li leşkeran reşand.|{{Jêgirtin/Firat Cewerî/Girtî}}}}
# [[ronahî|Ronahî]] yan [[tav]] dan derekê.
#: {{mk|ku|Rojê di pencereyê re tava xwe '''diavêt''' hindirr.}}
# [[bertek|Bertek]]ek anku [[reaksiyon]]ek [[girtin]].
#: {{mk|ku|Kerb û kîn '''avêtin''' kesekê/î.}}
# [[jidil|Jidil]] [[daxwaz]] yan [[hêvî]] ji kesekê/î kirin.
#: {{mk|ku|Xwe '''avêtin''' ber piyan / lingan.}}
==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Melayê Cizîrî/Dîwana Melayê Cizirî}}|jêgirtin=Newaya mutrib û çengê<br />Fixan '''avête''' xerçengê<br />Were saqî heta kengê}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|ئاڤێتن}}
** {{mj|klasîk}} {{g|ku|sc=Arab|آڤیتن|tr=avêtin}}
** {{mj|klasîk}} {{g|ku|sc=Arab|آڤیهتن|tr=avêhtin}}
** {{mj|klasîk}} {{g|ku|sc=Arab|آڤهتن|tr=avihtin}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku
| avitin
| avîtin
| havêtin
| avêştin
| havêştin
| avêjtin
| havêjtin
| awêtin
| hawêtin
| awêştin
| hawêştin
| awêjtin
| havêjtin
}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| -avêj
| -avêjî
| -avêjk
| avêtî
| hilavêtin
| hilavêtî
| dest avêtin<q:lêker>
| destavêtin<q:navdder>
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|*ṷeik-}}, {{q|ine-pro|*ṷeig-|w=[[badan]], [[çemandin]], [[tewandin]]}}, {{ji|ira-pro|ku||*a-}} + {{q|ira-pro||*veyg-}}.
Hevreha {{hv|ae||tr=veêg-|w=[[hejandin]]}} (rehê dema niha ''veêc-''), osetî {{q|os|tr=vêẍûn|w=[[hejandin]], [[vehejandin]]}}, belûçî {{q|bal||tr=gêceg|w=[[hejandin]]; avêtin}}, {{hv|pal||tr=wêxten}} (rehê dema niha ''-wêz-''), {{hv|fa|آویختن|tr=avîxten|w=[[hilawîstin]], [[daliqandin]]}} (rehê dema niha: ''-avîz-''), soranî {{g|ckb|هاویشتن|tr=hawîştin|w=avêtin}} (rehê dema niha ''-hawêj-''), [[kurdiya başûrî]] {{q|sdh|aştin|sc=Latn}}, {{q|sdh|oyştin|sc=Latn}}, zazakî {{q|zza|eştene}} (navdêr: {{q|zza|eştiş}}).
{{biçûk|
;Çavkanî:
* {{Cheung}}
* {{Chyet}}
}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|hedh}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|werfen}}, {{W+|de|schmeißen}}
* {{Z|rup}}: {{W-|rup|aruc}}
* {{Z|as}}: {{W-|as|দলিওৱা}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W-|ast|llanzar}}, {{W-|ast|tirar}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|atmaq}}
* {{Z|eu}}: {{W+|eu|bota}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|кіда́ць|impf}}, {{W-|be|кі́нуць|pf}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|teurel}}, {{W-|br|teulel}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|хвъ́рлям}}
* {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|ပစ်}}
* {{Z|ce}}: {{W-|ce|кхосса}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|vrhat|impf}}, {{W+|cs|vrhnout|pf}}
* {{Z|chy}}: {{W-|chy|-a'ha}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|抛|tr=pāo}}, {{W+|cmn|投|tr=tóu}}, {{W+|cmn|扔|tr=rēng}}
* {{Z|dlm}}: {{W-|dlm|truar}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|kaste}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|lempar}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|رَمَى}}, {{W+|ar|صَبَّ}}, {{W+|ar|اِنْدَفَعَ}}, {{W-|ar|قَذَفَ}}
*: {{Z|arz}}: {{W-|arz|رمى|tr=rama}}
*: {{Z|acw}}: {{W-|acw|رمى|tr=rama}}
*: {{Z|apc}}: {{W-|apc|زت|tr=zatt}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|նետել}}, {{W+|hy|շպրտել}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|ĵeti}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|heitma}}, {{W+|et|viskama}}
* {{Z|eve}}: {{W-|eve|нода-}}
* {{Z|evn}}: {{W-|evn|нода-}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|انداختن|tr=andâxtan}}, {{W+|fa|افگندن|tr=afgandan}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|kasta}}, {{W+|fo|blaka}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|heittää}}, {{W+|fi|viskata}}, {{W+|fi|nakata}}
*: {{W+|fi|heitellä}}, {{W+|fi|viskoa}}, {{W+|fi|viskellä}}, {{W+|fi|nakella}}, {{W+|fi|paiskoa}}
*: {{W+|fi|heittää}}, {{W-|fi|viskaista}}, {{W+|fi|paiskata}}, {{W-|fi|paiskaista}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|jeter}}, {{W+|fr|lancer}}
* {{Z|fur}}: {{W-|fur|slançâ}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|tilg}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W+|gl|lanzar}}, {{W+|gl|tirar}}
* {{Z|got}}: {{W-|got|𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽}}
* {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|გადაგდება}}
* {{Z|mba}}: {{W-|mba|lambug}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W-|hi|फेंकना}}
* {{Z|hil}}: {{W-|hil|pilak}}
* {{Z|hit}}: {{W-|hit|𒁉𒌍𒅆𒄑𒍣|tr=pé-eš-ši-ez-zi}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|werpen}}, {{W+|nl|gooien}}, {{W+|nl|smijten}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|זרק|tr=zarák}}, {{W-|he|העיף|tr=he'íf}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|weorpan}}
* {{Z|enm}}: {{W-|enm|werpen}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|throw}}
* {{Z|izh}}: {{W-|izh|visata}}, {{W-|izh|heittää}}
* {{Z|inh}}: {{W-|inh|кхосса}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|caith}}
*: {{Z|sga}}: {{W-|sga|fo·ceird}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|gettare}}, {{W+|it|lanciare}}, {{W+|it|tirare}}, {{W+|it|buttare}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|kasta}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|投げる|tr=なげる, nageru}}, {{W-|ja|投じる|tr=とうじる, tōjiru}}
* {{Z|kaw}}: {{W-|kaw|sawat}}
* {{Z|jv}}: {{W-|jv|sawat}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|llançar}}, {{W+|ca|tirar}}
* {{Z|qu}}: {{W-|qu|chanqay}}, {{W-|qu|chuqay}}, {{W-|qu|chamqay}}, {{W-|qu|wikch'uy}}
* {{Z|kjg}}: {{W-|kjg|ຫວັດ}}
* {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|таштоо}}
* {{Z|si}}: {{W-|si|ගසනවා}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|던지다}}
* {{Z|kw}}: {{W-|kw|teulel}}, {{W-|kw|towlel}}, {{W-|kw|towla}}
* {{Z|kum}}: {{W-|kum|атмакъ}}, {{W-|kum|ташламакъ}}
* {{Z|ltg}}: {{W-|ltg|svīst}}, {{W-|ltg|svaideit}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|iactō}}, {{W+|la|iaciō}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|mest}}, {{W-|lv|sviest}}
* {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ຂວ້າງ}}, {{W-|lo|ຖິ້ມ}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|mesti}}, {{W-|lt|sviesti}}
* {{Z|lmo}}: {{W-|lmo|buttà}}
* {{Z|lb}}: {{W-|lb|geheien}}
* {{Z|mdh}}: {{W-|mdh|itug}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|фрла}}
* {{Z|mt}}: {{W-|mt|tefa'}}
* {{Z|mnc}}: {{W-|mnc|ᡶᠠᡥᠠᠮᠪᡳ}}
* {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|hōreke}}, {{W-|mi|maka}}
* {{Z|mrw}}: {{W-|mrw|itog}}, {{W-|mrw|lambeg}}
* {{Z|mr}}: {{W-|mr|फेकणे}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|dob}}
* {{Z|mn}}: {{W+|mn|хаях}}
* {{Z|nap}}: {{W-|nap|iettà}}
* {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|souîndgi}}, {{W-|nrf|fliantchi}}, {{W-|nrf|j'ter}}, {{W-|nrf|lanchi}}, {{W-|nrf|pitchi}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|kaste}}, {{W-|no|hive}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|lançar}}
* {{Z|om}}: {{W-|om|darbachuu}}
* {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|otmoq}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|rzucać|impf}}, {{W+|pl|rzucić|pf}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|lançar}}, {{W+|pt|atirar}}, {{W+|pt|arremessar}}, {{W+|pt|jogar}}
* {{Z|kk}}: {{W-|kk|лақтыру}}, {{W+|kk|тастау}}
* {{Z|rm}}: {{W-|rm|bittar}}, {{W-|rm|lantschar}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|arunca}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|броса́ть|impf}}, {{W+|ru|бро́сить|pf}}, {{W+|ru|кида́ть|impf}}, {{W+|ru|ки́нуть|pf}}, {{W+|ru|мета́ть|impf}}, {{W+|ru|метну́ть|pf}}, {{W+|ru|швыря́ть|impf}}, {{W+|ru|швырну́ть|pf}}
* {{Z|sm}}: {{W-|sm|lafo}}
* {{Z|sa}}: {{W+|sa|क्षिपति}}
* {{Z|ceb}}: {{W-|ceb|labay}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|lanzari}}
* {{Z|szl}}: {{W-|szl|ciepać|impf}}, {{W-|szl|ciepnónć|pf}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|бацити|pf}}, {{W-|sh|бацати|impf}}, {{W-|sh|вргнути|pf}}, {{W-|sh|врћи|impf}}
*: Latînî: {{W+|sh|baciti|pf}}, {{W+|sh|bacati|impf}}, {{W+|sh|vrgnuti|pf}}, {{W+|sh|vrći|impf}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W-|sk|hodiť}}, {{W-|sk|vrhnúť}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|vreči}}
* {{Z|so}}: {{W-|so|tuurid}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|lanzar}}, {{W+|es|tirar}}, {{W+|es|arrojar}}
* {{Z|su}}: {{W+|su|alung}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|kutupa}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|kasta}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|андохтан}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|itapon}}, {{W-|tl|ihagis}}
* {{Z|sou}}: {{W-|sou|ลิว}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|โยน}}, {{W+|th|ขว้าง}}, {{W+|th|ปา}}
* {{Z|tet}}: {{W-|tet|soe}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|atmak}}, {{W+|tr|fırlatmak}}
* {{Z|tk}}: {{W+|tk|atmak}}
* {{Z|txb}}: {{W-|txb|kärsk-}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|پھینکنا|tr=pheṅknā}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W+|uk|кида́ти}}, {{W-|uk|ки́нути|pf}}
* {{Z|vec}}: {{W-|vec|lansar}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|ném}}, {{W+|vi|chọi}}, {{W+|vi|quăng}}
* {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|jedön}}
* {{Z|war}}: {{W-|war|labog}}, {{W-|war|pilak}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|taflu}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|បោះ|tr=bɑh}}, {{W+|km|ចោល|tr=caol}}
* {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|וואַרפֿן}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|ρίχνω}}
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|βάλλω}}, {{W-|grc|ῥίπτω}}
* {{Z|zea}}: {{W-|zea|smiete}}, {{W-|zea|goôie}}
{{werger-bin}}
:{{werger çavkanî|en|throw|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê|oldid=75874032}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|avêtin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# Bi [[tund]]î [[berdan]]a ji [[dest]]ê xwe daku li [[hewa]] [[dûr]] biçe.
#: {{mk|ku|'''Avêtina''' gogê.}}
#: {{mk|ku|'''Avêtina''' topan.}}
#: {{mk|ku|'''Avêtineke''' tund û dijwar.}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|lancement|n}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|lanceren}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|throw}}, {{W+|en|throwing}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|lanzamiento|n}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|atma}}, {{W+|tr|atış}}
{{werger-bin}}
cz7x50qcld62esx1q0jxwaowqvnzvow
mizicîn
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6234248
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2026-05-08T03:04:06Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|mizicîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=mizic}}
[[Wêne:Iraqi girl smiles.jpg|thumb|200px|Ev keçik '''dimizice''' bêyî ku devê xwe veke.]]
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# [[bişirîn]], [[girnijîn]], [[bişkurrîn]], [[bêdeng]] [[kenîn]], [[kêfxweş]] bûn
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Lê çaxa wî navê xwe hilda û bi min re kenya ez jî vê re '''mizicîm''' û kêfxweş bûm.|[[w:Eyûb Milî]]: Hikmet Fidan da dû Dewrêşê Evdî, Netkurd.com 7/2005}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|مزجین}}
==== Têkildar ====
* [[mizicandin]]
==== Jê ====
* [[mizicer]]
* [[mizicî]]
* [[miziciyayî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji [[mizic]] + [[-în]]
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W|af|glimlag}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|lächeln}}, {{W|de|anlächeln|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W|br|mousc'hoarzhin}}
* {{Z|bg}}: [[усмихвам|усмихвам се]] (usmikhzam se)
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W|cs|usmát se}}, {{W|cs|usmívat se}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W|id|senyum}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W|eo|rideti}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W|fi|hymyillä}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W|fr|sourire}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W|gn|pukavy}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W|nl|glimlachen}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W|en|smile}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W|ja|微笑む|tr=ほほえむ, hohoemu}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W|la|subridere}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W|lt|šypsotis}}
* {{Z|pl}}: [[uśmiechać]] się
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W|pt|sorrir}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W|ro|zâmbi}}
* {{Z|ru}}: [[улыбаться]] (ulybát’sja)
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W|sl|nasmehniti se}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W|es|sonreir}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W|sv|le#Swedish}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gülümsemek}}, {{W|tr|tebesüm}}, {{W|tr|gülümseyiş}}, {{W|tr|tebesüm etmek}}
* {{Z|uk}}: [[посміхатися]] (posmikhatysja)
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W|vi|cười}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|mizicîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêwate}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
5wdbmgi97mpqii7p222rfnvsf9aocnv
6234251
6234248
2026-05-08T03:11:21Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234251
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|mizicîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=mizic}}
[[Wêne:Iraqi girl smiles.jpg|thumb|200px|Ev keçik '''dimizice''' bêyî ku devê xwe veke.]]
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# [[bişirîn]], [[girnijîn]], [[bişkurrîn]], [[bêdeng]] [[kenîn]], [[kêfxweş]] bûn
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Lê çaxa wî navê xwe hilda û bi min re kenya ez jî vê re '''mizicîm''' û kêfxweş bûm.|[[w:Eyûb Milî]]: Hikmet Fidan da dû Dewrêşê Evdî, Netkurd.com 7/2005}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|مزجین}}
==== Tewîn ====
: -mizic-
==== Têkildar ====
* [[mizicandin]]
==== Jê ====
* [[mizicer]]
* [[mizicî]]
* [[miziciyayî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji [[mizic]] + [[-în]]
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W|af|glimlag}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|lächeln}}, {{W|de|anlächeln|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W|br|mousc'hoarzhin}}
* {{Z|bg}}: [[усмихвам|усмихвам се]] (usmikhzam se)
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W|cs|usmát se}}, {{W|cs|usmívat se}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W|id|senyum}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W|eo|rideti}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W|fi|hymyillä}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W|fr|sourire}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W|gn|pukavy}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W|nl|glimlachen}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W|en|smile}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W|ja|微笑む|tr=ほほえむ, hohoemu}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W|la|subridere}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W|lt|šypsotis}}
* {{Z|pl}}: [[uśmiechać]] się
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W|pt|sorrir}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W|ro|zâmbi}}
* {{Z|ru}}: [[улыбаться]] (ulybát’sja)
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W|sl|nasmehniti se}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W|es|sonreir}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W|sv|le#Swedish}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gülümsemek}}, {{W|tr|tebesüm}}, {{W|tr|gülümseyiş}}, {{W|tr|tebesüm etmek}}
* {{Z|uk}}: [[посміхатися]] (posmikhatysja)
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W|vi|cười}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|mizicîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêwate}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
093d85t57jhk9pk77c2uztlqaz2lglo
girnijîn
0
8375
6234249
6124058
2026-05-08T03:09:12Z
Ghybu
1393
6234249
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|girnijîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=girnij}}
[[Wêne:Iraqi girl smiles.jpg|thumb|200px|Ev keçik '''digirnije''' bêyî ku devê xwe veke.]]
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# [[bişirîn]], [[bişkurîn]], [[mizicîn]], [[bêdeng]] [[kenîn]], [[kêfxweşî]] li [[rû]]yî [[xuya]] bûn, [[bêdeng]] [[kenîn]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[gerrnijîn]]
* [[gernijîn]]
* [[girrnijîn]]
* [[girrijîn]]
* [[girijîn]]
==== Tewîn ====
: -girnij-
==== Têkildar ====
* [[girnijandin]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Hevreha {{hv|ckb|گرنژین}}, {{hv|zza|girmijîyene}}. Dibe ku hevreha {{hv|en|grin|tr=girnijîn, bişirîn}} ku tê gotin hevreha {{q|en|groan}} e û ji {{ji|ine-pro|en|*gʰer-|w=[[firikandin]], [[xêz kêşan]], [[vepejilandin]]}} tê. [[guherîn|Guherîna]] [[deng]]î bo [[ziman]]ên [[îranî]]kî û kurdî [[guncan]] e [[lê]] di [[ziman]]ên din ên [[îranî]]kî de nayê [[dîtin]]. Heke wisan bibe, hevreha {{hv|de|grienen}} û {{q|de|greinen}}, {{hv|no|grina}}, {{hv|grc|χρίω}}, {{hv|sa|घृ}}... Lê maneya ''girnijîn'' tenê di zimanên germanî de heye û di zimanên hindûîranîkî de (wek sanskrîtî a nîşandayî) hê maneya ''[[vepejilandin]]''ê dide. ''/-ij/'' [[paşgir]]a [[-ijîn]] e.
Lê [[herwiha]] binêre {{q|ku|mizmizîn}}, ku bi [[zazakî]] {{g|zza|mijmijîyene}} ye. Heke [[berçav]] bibe ku ''girnij'' bi [[zazakî]] ''gir'''m'''ij'' e, [[dibe ku]] [[reh]] di vir de bibe ''/mij/'' bixwe.
==== Jê ====
* [[girnijer]]
* [[girnijî]]
* [[girnijiyayî]]
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|glimlag}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|osmijeh}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|lächeln}}, {{W|de|anlächeln|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|mousc'hoarzhin}}
* {{Z|bg}}: [[усмихвам|усмихвам се]] (usmikhzam se)
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|usmát se}}, {{W+|cs|usmívat se}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|senyum}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|الإبتسامة|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|الجلعة|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|الفرة|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|بش|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|rideti}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|لبخندزدن}}, {{W+|fa|خندیدن}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|hymyillä}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|sourire}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W+|gn|pukavy}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|glimlachen}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|smile}}, {{W+|en|contraction}}, {{W+|en|crease}}, {{W+|en|crispiness}}, {{W+|en|frizz}}, {{W+|en|frizzing}}, {{W+|en|pucker}}, {{W+|en|seam}}, {{W+|en|shrink}}, {{W|en|crispen|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W|ja|微笑む|tr=ほほえむ, hohoemu}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|subridere}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|šypsotis}}
* {{Z|pl}}: [[uśmiechać]] się
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|sorrir}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|zâmbi}}
* {{Z|ru}}: [[улыбаться]] (ulybát’sja)
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|nasmehniti se}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|sonreir}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|le#Swedish}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|gülümsemek}}, {{W+|tr|tebesüm}}, {{W+|tr|gülümseyiş}}, {{W+|tr|hırlama}}, {{W+|tr|hırlamak}}, {{W+|tr|hırlayış}}, {{W+|tr|tebesüm etmek}}
* {{Z|uk}}: [[посміхатися]] (posmikhatysja)
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|cười}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|girnijîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêwate|ku}}
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Pencerek di dilê wê da vebû, '''girnijînek''' kete ser lêva wê.|''[[w:Antolojiya Çîroka Nû ya Kurmancên Başûr|Antolojiya Çîroka Nû ya Kurmancên Başûr]]'', amedekar: [[w:XeIî1 Duhokî|Xelîl Duhokî]], Weşanên {{w|Nûdem}}
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Bi '''girnijînekê''' tirsnak berê xwe da min...|{{Jêgirtin/Robert Louis Stevenson/Meseleya Seyr a Dr. Jekyll û Mr. Hyde|r=70}}}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gülümseme}}, {{W|tr|tebessüm}}, {{W|tr|gülümseyiş}}
{{werger-bin}}
5fq6jwdnaaglfaccxzxobq8sjbitynw
6234250
6234249
2026-05-08T03:10:21Z
Ghybu
1393
/* {{ziman|ku}} */
6234250
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|girnijîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=girnij}}
[[Wêne:Iraqi girl smiles.jpg|thumb|200px|Ev keçik '''digirnije''' bêyî ku devê xwe veke.]]
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# [[bişirîn]], [[bişkurîn]], [[mizicîn]], [[bêdeng]] [[kenîn]], [[kêfxweşî]] li [[rû]]yî [[xuya]] bûn, [[bêdeng]] [[kenîn]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[gerrnijîn]]
* [[gernijîn]]
* [[girrnijîn]]
* [[girrijîn]]
* [[girijîn]]
==== Tewîn ====
: -girnij-
==== Têkildar ====
* [[girnijandin]]
==== Jê ====
* [[girnijer]]
* [[girnijî]]
* [[girnijiyayî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Hevreha {{hv|ckb|گرنژین}}, {{hv|zza|girmijîyene}}. Dibe ku hevreha {{hv|en|grin|tr=girnijîn, bişirîn}} ku tê gotin hevreha {{q|en|groan}} e û ji {{ji|ine-pro|en|*gʰer-|w=[[firikandin]], [[xêz kêşan]], [[vepejilandin]]}} tê. [[guherîn|Guherîna]] [[deng]]î bo [[ziman]]ên [[îranî]]kî û kurdî [[guncan]] e [[lê]] di [[ziman]]ên din ên [[îranî]]kî de nayê [[dîtin]]. Heke wisan bibe, hevreha {{hv|de|grienen}} û {{q|de|greinen}}, {{hv|no|grina}}, {{hv|grc|χρίω}}, {{hv|sa|घृ}}... Lê maneya ''girnijîn'' tenê di zimanên germanî de heye û di zimanên hindûîranîkî de (wek sanskrîtî a nîşandayî) hê maneya ''[[vepejilandin]]''ê dide. ''/-ij/'' [[paşgir]]a [[-ijîn]] e.
Lê [[herwiha]] binêre {{q|ku|mizmizîn}}, ku bi [[zazakî]] {{g|zza|mijmijîyene}} ye. Heke [[berçav]] bibe ku ''girnij'' bi [[zazakî]] ''gir'''m'''ij'' e, [[dibe ku]] [[reh]] di vir de bibe ''/mij/'' bixwe.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|glimlag}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|osmijeh}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|lächeln}}, {{W|de|anlächeln|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|mousc'hoarzhin}}
* {{Z|bg}}: [[усмихвам|усмихвам се]] (usmikhzam se)
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|usmát se}}, {{W+|cs|usmívat se}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|senyum}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|الإبتسامة|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|الجلعة|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|الفرة|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|بش|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|rideti}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|لبخندزدن}}, {{W+|fa|خندیدن}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|hymyillä}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|sourire}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W+|gn|pukavy}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|glimlachen}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|smile}}, {{W+|en|contraction}}, {{W+|en|crease}}, {{W+|en|crispiness}}, {{W+|en|frizz}}, {{W+|en|frizzing}}, {{W+|en|pucker}}, {{W+|en|seam}}, {{W+|en|shrink}}, {{W|en|crispen|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W|ja|微笑む|tr=ほほえむ, hohoemu}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|subridere}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|šypsotis}}
* {{Z|pl}}: [[uśmiechać]] się
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|sorrir}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|zâmbi}}
* {{Z|ru}}: [[улыбаться]] (ulybát’sja)
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|nasmehniti se}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|sonreir}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|le#Swedish}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|gülümsemek}}, {{W+|tr|tebesüm}}, {{W+|tr|gülümseyiş}}, {{W+|tr|hırlama}}, {{W+|tr|hırlamak}}, {{W+|tr|hırlayış}}, {{W+|tr|tebesüm etmek}}
* {{Z|uk}}: [[посміхатися]] (posmikhatysja)
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|cười}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|girnijîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêwate|ku}}
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Pencerek di dilê wê da vebû, '''girnijînek''' kete ser lêva wê.|''[[w:Antolojiya Çîroka Nû ya Kurmancên Başûr|Antolojiya Çîroka Nû ya Kurmancên Başûr]]'', amedekar: [[w:XeIî1 Duhokî|Xelîl Duhokî]], Weşanên {{w|Nûdem}}}}
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Bi '''girnijînekê''' tirsnak berê xwe da min...|{{Jêgirtin/Robert Louis Stevenson/Meseleya Seyr a Dr. Jekyll û Mr. Hyde|r=70}}}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gülümseme}}, {{W|tr|tebessüm}}, {{W|tr|gülümseyiş}}
{{werger-bin}}
ew3dtmzc6eznqh56wm3ye4r9z9h5oa0
hiş bûn
0
10729
6234200
6130177
2026-05-07T18:24:24Z
~2026-27749-83
14918
Werger: +swêdî : [[vara tyst]] (bi alîkarî)
6234200
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-n|hişbûn}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh}}
# [[bêdeng bûn]], [[mit bûn]], ne [[axiftin]], ne [[peyvîn]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[huş bûn]]
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|هش بوون}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|his|bûn}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|schweigen|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|الصمت}}, {{W|ar|السكوت}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|زرنگ بودن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|ساکت شدن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|ساکت بودن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|ساکت شدن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|ساکت شدن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|عاقل بودن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|عاقل بودن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W|en|keep quiet}}, to {{W|en|be silent}}, {{W|en|whist|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W-|sv|vara tyst}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|kuvvetle|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|susmak|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|gözü arkada kalmak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
ngy1p9sppdcd12b39iv5kp6tivnxr0x
6234201
6234200
2026-05-07T18:25:25Z
~2026-27749-83
14918
Werger: +swêdî : [[hålla tyst]] (bi alîkarî)
6234201
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-n|hişbûn}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh}}
# [[bêdeng bûn]], [[mit bûn]], ne [[axiftin]], ne [[peyvîn]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[huş bûn]]
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|هش بوون}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|his|bûn}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|schweigen|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|الصمت}}, {{W|ar|السكوت}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|زرنگ بودن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|ساکت شدن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|ساکت بودن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|ساکت شدن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|ساکت شدن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|عاقل بودن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|عاقل بودن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W|en|keep quiet}}, to {{W|en|be silent}}, {{W|en|whist|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W-|sv|vara tyst}}, {{W+|sv|hålla tyst}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|kuvvetle|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|susmak|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|gözü arkada kalmak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
jrf82ux29hmnwug0hkhrswxv6airhi6
girîn
0
11095
6234212
6231129
2026-05-07T21:00:28Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234212
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Key Mîrza-girîn.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|girîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=girî|borî=girî|borî2=giriya}}
[[Wêne:Crying-girl.jpg|thumb|Keçikek '''digirî'''.]]
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# [[kizîn]], [[girî kirin]], [[şîn kirin]], [[dadûferyad]] kirin, [[şîwan]] kirin, [[rondik]] [[barandin]], ji [[çav]]an hatin, [[hêsir]] [[barandin]] (û [[deng]]ek jê hatin, bi taybetî ji ber [[xemgînî|xemgîniyekê]])
#* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Melayê Cizîrî/Dîwana Melayê Cizirî}}|jêgirtin=Wan ji bala lê dibarin wek birûskan remz û naz</br>Kê xeber dabit ji 'işqê key ji ber westa '''girit'''</br>Gerçi rah ez zerre zerre sînesûz û cangudaz}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|گرین}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{stûn|
* {{g|ku|giriyan}}
* {{g|ku|girîyan}}
* {{g|ku|giryan}}
* {{g|ku|gîrîn}}
}}
==== Dijmane ====
* {{g|ku|kenîn}}
==== Têkildar ====
* {{g|ku|giriyandin}}
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* {{g|ku|giriyayî}}
* {{g|ku|giriyok}}
* {{g|ku|giriyokî}}
* {{g|ku|kizgiriyok}}
* {{g|ku|kizgiriyokî}}
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{paş|ku|girî|-n}}, ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|*greid-|w=[[qîrîn]]}}, {{ji|ira-pro|ku|*gāθram}}, avestayî {{g|ae||tr=gāθrō}}, hevreha soranî [[giryan]], {{hv|fa|گریه|tr=girye}}, {{g|fa|گریستن|tr=girîsten}}, {{hv|la|cridare}} (bixwîne: krîdarê "girîn, [[qîrîn]]"), {{hv|en|cry}} (bixwîne: kray, "girîn; qîrîn"), [[îrî|îriya navîn]] [[grith]] ("girî"), weylsî [[gryd]] ([[qîjîn]]), {{hv|es|gritar}}, romanî [[cridar]], elmanî [[kreissen]], swêdî û norwecî [[gråta]]... ji heman rehî {{g|ku|girijîn}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|huil}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|qaj}}
* {{Z|ale}}: {{W-|ale|qida}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|weinen}}
* {{Z|ami}}: {{W-|ami|tangic}}
* {{Z|an}}: {{W+|an|plorar}}
* {{Z|rup}}: {{W-|rup|plãngu}}
* {{Z|as}}: {{W-|as|কান্দ|tr=kand}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W+|ast|llorar}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|ağlamaq}}
* {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|илау}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|пла́каць|impf|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|bn}}: {{W+|bn|কাঁদা}}, {{W-|bn|কান্দা}}, {{W-|bn|ক্রন্দন করা}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|gouelañ}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W-|bg|пла́ча|impf}}
* {{Z|bnn}}: {{W-|bnn|tangis}}
* {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|ငို|sc=Mymr}}
* {{Z|ce}}: {{W-|ce|делха}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|plakat|impf}}, {{W+|cs|brečet|impf}}
* {{Z|chr}}: {{W-|chr|ᎠᏦᏱᎭ}}
* {{Z|chy}}: {{W-|chy|-a'xaame}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|喊|tr=haam3}}, {{W-|yue|流眼淚|tr=lau4 ngaan5 leoi6}}
*: {{Z|dng}}: {{W-|dng|кў}}
*: {{Z|gan}}: {{W-|gan|哭|tr=kuh6}}, {{W-|gan|叫|tr=jieu4}}
*: {{Z|cjy}}: {{W-|cjy|哭|tr=kueh4}}
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|哭|tr=kū}}, {{W-|cmn|流眼淚|tr=liú yǎnlèi}}, {{W-|cmn|流淚|tr=liúlèi}}, {{W+|cmn|泣|tr=qì}}
*: {{Z|mnp}}: {{W-|mnp|啼|tr=tî}}
*: {{Z|cdo}}: {{W-|cdo|啼嘛|tr=tiè-mà}}, {{W-|cdo|啼|tr=tiè}}
*: {{Z|nan}}: {{W-|nan|吼|tr=háu}}, {{W+|nan|哭|tr=khàu}}
*: {{Z|wuu}}: {{W-|wuu|哭}}
*: {{Z|hsn}}: {{W-|hsn|哭|tr=ku6}}
* {{Z|ckt}}: {{W-|ckt|мэрэтчак|tr=mėrėtčak}}
* {{Z|dlm}}: {{W-|dlm|plungro}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|græde}}
* {{Z|ovd}}: {{W-|ovd|graina}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|tangis}}, {{W+|id|menangis}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|بَكَى}}
*: {{Z|arz}}: {{W-|arz|عَيَّط|tr=ʿayyaṭ}}
*: {{Z|afb}}: {{W-|afb|بچى|tr=biča}}
*: {{Z|acw}}: {{W-|acw|بِكي|tr=biki}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|լալ|sc=Armn}}, {{W-|hy|լաց լինել|sc=Armn}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|plori}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|nutma}}, {{W-|et|nuuksuma}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|گریستن|tr=geristan}}, {{W+|fa|گریه کردن|tr=gerye kardan}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|gráta}}
* {{Z|fj}}: {{W-|fj|tagica}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|itkeä}}, {{W+|fi|parkua}}, {{W-|fi|vollottaa}}
* {{Z|fro}}: {{W-|fro|plorer}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|pleurer}}
* {{Z|fur}}: {{W-|fur|vaî}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W-|fy|treure}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|caoin}}, {{W-|gd|guil}}
* {{Z|gag}}: {{W-|gag|aalamaa}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W+|gl|chorar}}
* {{Z|roa-gal}}: {{W-|roa-gal|breur'}}
* {{Z|got}}: {{W-|got|𐌲𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌰𐌽}}
* {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|ტირილი|sc=Geor}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|रोना|sc=Deva}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|huilen}}, {{W+|nl|wenen}}, {{W+|nl|schreien}}, {{W+|nl|janken}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|בָּכָה|tr=bakhá}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|plorar}}
* {{Z|ilo}}: {{W-|ilo|agsangit}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|grēotan}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|cry}}
* {{Z|izh}}: {{W-|izh|itkiä}}
* {{Z|iu}}: {{W-|iu|ᕿᐊ}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|caoin}}, {{W-|ga|goil}}
* {{Z|ist}}: {{W-|ist|piurà}}, {{W-|ist|pjurà}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|piangere}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|gráta}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|泣く|tr=なく, naku}}
* {{Z|kaw}}: {{W-|kaw|tangis}}
* {{Z|jv}}: {{W+|jv|tangis}}, {{W+|jv|nangis}}
* {{Z|kl}}: {{W-|kl|qiavoq}}
* {{Z|xal}}: {{W-|xal|уульх}}
* {{Z|pam}}: {{W-|pam|kiyak}}
* {{Z|kea}}: {{W-|kea|txora}}
* {{Z|csb}}: {{W-|csb|płakac}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|plorar}}
* {{Z|kgp}}: {{W-|kgp|fỹ}}
* {{Z|qu}}: {{W+|qu|waqay}}, {{W-|qu|wagai}}
* {{Z|ks}}: {{W-|ks|وَدُن}}
* {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|ыйлоо}}
* {{Z|si}}: {{W-|si|අඬනවා|sc=Sinh}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|울다}}, {{W-|ko|흐느끼다}}
* {{Z|kw}}: {{W-|kw|kria}}
* {{Z|kum}}: {{W-|kum|йыламакъ}}
* {{Z|ltg}}: {{W-|ltg|rauduot}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|fleō}}, {{W+|la|lacrimō}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|raudāt}}
* {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ກຳສວນ}}, {{W-|lo|ຍົມ}}
* {{Z|lij}}: {{W-|lij|ciànze}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|verkti}}, {{W-|lt|raudoti}}
* {{Z|lb}}: {{W+|lb|kräischen}}
* {{Z|lut}}: {{W-|lut|ʔiub}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|плаче|impf|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|ml}}: {{W+|ml|കരയുക}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W-|ms|menangis}}, {{W-|ms|tangis}}
* {{Z|mt}}: {{W-|mt|beka}}
* {{Z|mnc}}: {{W-|mnc|ᠰᠣᠩᡤᠣᠮᠪᡳ}}
* {{Z|mi}}: {{W+|mi|tangi}}, {{W-|mi|tawetawē}}
* {{Z|mr}}: {{W+|mr|रडणे|tr=raḍaṇe}}
* {{Z|yua}}: {{W-|yua|okʼol}}
* {{Z|mzn}}: {{W-|mzn|برمه}}, {{W-|mzn|برمه هکردن}}
* {{Z|gun}}: {{W-|gun|jae'o}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|sír#Hungarian-to-cry}}, {{W+|hu|rí}}, {{W+|hu|könnyezik}}
* {{Z|egy}}: {{W-egy|rmj|h=r-m-D9}}
* {{Z|min}}: {{W-|min|tangih}}, {{W-|min|manangih}}
* {{Z|mn}}: {{W+|mn|уйлах|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|nap}}: {{W-|nap|chiagne}}
* {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|yicha}}
* {{Z|niu}}: {{W-|niu|tagi}}
* {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|plieuther}}
* {{Z|no}}:
*: {{Z|nb}}: {{W+|nb|gråte}}, {{W+|nb|grine}}
*: {{Z|nn}}: {{W+|nn|gråta}}
* {{Z|oj}}: {{W-|oj|mawi}}
* {{Z|pro}}: {{W-|pro|plorar}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|plorar}}
* {{Z|ota}}: {{W-|ota|آغلامق|tr=ağlamak}}
* {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|يىغلىماق|sc=ug-Arab}}
* {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|yigʻlamoq}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W-|pap|yora}}
* {{Z|ps}}: {{W+|ps|ژړل|tr=žaṛᶕl}}
* {{Z|ppl}}: {{W-|ppl|chuka}}, {{W-|ppl|chuca}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|płakać|impf}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|chorar}}
* {{Z|kk}}: {{W-|kk|жылау|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|cop}}: {{W-|cop|ⲣⲓⲙⲉ|tr=rime|sc=Copt}}
* {{Z|rm}}: {{W-|rm|bragir}}, {{W-|rm|cridar}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|plânge}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W-|ru|пла́кать|impf}}, {{W-|ru|рыда́ть|impf}}
* Samî:
*: {{Z|sjd}}: {{W-|sjd|лӯҋҋкэ}}
* {{Z|se}}: {{W-|se|čierrut}}
* {{Z|sm}}: {{W-|sm|tagi}}
* {{Z|sa}}: {{W+|sa|रोदिति}}
* {{Z|sc}}: {{W-|sc|pianghere}}, {{W-|sc|plangiri}}, {{W-|sc|pragnere}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|chiànciri}}, {{W+|scn|ciànciri}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|пла̏кати|impf|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|sh|јецати|impf|sc=Cyrl}}
*: Latînî: {{W+|sh|plȁkati|impf}}, {{W+|sh|jecati|impf}}
* {{Z|syl}}: {{W-|syl|ꠇꠣꠘ꠆ꠖꠣ}}
* {{Z|sco}}: {{W-|sco|greet}}
* {{Z|cu}}: {{W-|cu|плакати|impf|sc=Cyrs}}
* {{Z|orv}}: {{W-|orv|плакати|impf}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W-|sk|plakať|impf}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|jokati|impf}}
* {{Z|so}}: {{W-|so|ooyid}}
* Sorbî:
*: {{Z|hsb}}: {{W-|hsb|płakać|impf}}, {{W-|hsb|zapłakać|pf}}, {{W-|hsb|popłakać|pf}}
* {{Z|st}}: {{W+|st|lla}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|llorar}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|gråta}}
* {{Z|cjs}}: {{W-|cjs|ылғарға|tr=ılğarğa}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W-|tg|геристан|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|tg|герйе кардан|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|lumuha}}, {{W-|tl|umiyak}}, {{W-|tl|hikbi}}, {{W-|tl|tumangis}}
* {{Z|ta}}: {{W+|ta|அழு|sc=Taml}}
* {{Z|roa-tar}}: {{W-|roa-tar|chiànge}}
* {{Z|tsg}}: {{W-|tsg|tangis}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|ร้องไห้}}, {{W-|th|ร่ำไห้}}
* {{Z|te}}: {{W+|te|ఏడ్చు|sc=Telu}}
* {{Z|crh}}: {{W-|crh|ağlamaq}}
* {{Z|tt}}: {{W+|tt|еларга|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|tet}}: {{W-|tet|tanis}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|ağlamak}}
* {{Z|tk}}: {{W+|tk|aglamak}}
* {{Z|tpi}}: {{W-|tpi|karai}}
* {{Z|uga}}: {{W-|uga|𐎁𐎋𐎊}}, {{W-|uga|𐎄𐎎𐎓}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|رونا|tr=ronā|sc=ur-Arab}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|пла́кати|impf|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|khóc}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W-|cy|crïo}}, {{W+|cy|llefain}}, {{W+|cy|wylo}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|យំ}}
* {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|וויינען}}
* {{Z|esu}}: {{W-|esu|qire}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|κλαίω|sc=Grek}}
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|κλαίω}}, {{W-|grc|δακρύω}}
* {{Z|nmn}}: {{W-|nmn|kxʻāa}}
{{werger-bin}}
:{{werger çavkanî|en|cry|oldid=75598076|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|girîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[girî]], [[deng]]ê girînê:
#:''Girîna wî ez xemgîn kirim.''
==== Werger ====
{{werger-bnr|girî}}
jy96lowtqe6ifqwlwzhf9ilh5i4h9xi
hejmar
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Bikarhêner
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/* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Key Mîrza-hejmar.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|hejmar|mê}}
[[Wêne:Eight Ball Rack 2005 SeanMcClean cropped.jpg|thumb|Hin '''hejmar'''.]]
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|reqem|nimre|micar}}
#* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Feqiyê Teyran}}|jêgirtin=Kovanên mihirdaran</br>Bêhedd û bê '''hejmar''' in</br>Tîrên di wan hîsaran}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku
| hijmar
| jimar
| jimare
| jumar
| jumare
}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|ههژمار}}
* {{ku-kr|һәжмар}}
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* [[hejmarnas]]
* [[hejmarnasî]]
* [[hejmarî]]
* [[hejmarkî]]
* [[hejmartin]]
* [[hejmartî]]
* [[-hejmêr-]]
* [[-hejmêr]]
* [[hemcar]]
* [[hemjar]]
* [[ijmar]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{paşvesazî|ku|hejmartin}}, [[hevreh]]a soranî {{g|ckb|ژماره|tr=jimare}}, pehlewî ''şumar'', û farisî {{g|fa|شمار|tr=şomar}} û {{g|fa|ﺷﻣﺎره|tr=şomarê}}, zazakî ''{{g|zza|amar}}'', peştûyî {{g|ps|شمېرل|tr=śmerël|w=hejmartin}}, avestayî ''mer-aa'', sanskrîtî {{g|sa|स्मरति|tr=smarati|w=anîn bîra xwe; [[kom kirin]], [[berhev kirin]]}}, latînî ''{{g|la|memor}}'' ("[[bihiş]], [[hişmend]], [[jîr]], [[biaqil]]"), yûnanî {{g|el|μέρμερος|tr=mêrmeros|w=[[fêlbaz]], [[hîlebaz]]}}... hemû ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}} *[[smer|(s)mer-]] ("[[hatin bîrê]], [[anîn bîra xwe]]"). Bo zêdebûna yan kêmbûna dengên "he-" li destpêka peyvê bide ber: [[hejar]] / [[jar]], [[war]] (kurmancî) / [[hewar]] (soranî).
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* Kurmancî:
** Reşwî: [[micar]] (hw. [[êmcir]])
* {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|ژمارە}}
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|amar}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|ab}}: {{W-|ab|ахыҧхьаӡара}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|aantal}}, {{W+|af|getal}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|sasi|m}}, {{W+|sq|numër|n}},
* {{Z|goh}}: {{W-|goh|rīm}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Zahl|m}}
* {{Z|atv}}: {{W-|atv|тоо}}, {{W-|atv|сан}}
* {{Z|alt}}: {{W-|alt|сагыш}}
* {{Z|am}}: {{W-|am|ቁጥር}}
* Apaçî:
*: {{Z|apw}}: {{W-|apw|ndee biyáti'}}
* {{Z|an}}: {{W-|an|lumero|n}}
* {{Z|as}}: {{W-|as|সংখ্যা}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W+|ast|númberu|n}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|say}}, {{W+|az|rəqəm}}, {{W+|az|ədəd}}, {{W+|az|nömrə}}, {{W-|az|şumarə}}
* {{Z|eu}}: {{W+|eu|zenbaki}}
* {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|һан}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|лік|n}}
* {{Z|bn}}: {{W+|bn|সংখ্যা}}, {{W+|bn|নম্বর}}, {{W+|bn|অঙ্ক}}
* {{Z|bi}}: {{W-|bi|namba}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|niver|n}}
* {{Z|kxd}}: {{W-|kxd|numbur}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W-|bg|число́|nt}}
* {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|နံပါတ်}}, {{W+|my|ဂဏန်း}}
* {{Z|bua}}: {{W-|bua|тоо}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|číslo|nt}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|dng}}: {{W-|dng|фур}} ({{W-|dng|數兒}}), {{W-|dng|фурму}} ({{W-|dng|數兒目}})
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|數|tr=shù}}, {{W+|cmn|數目|tr=shùmù}}, {{W+|cmn|數字|tr=shùzì}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|tal|nt}}
* {{Z|dtp}}: {{W-|dtp|numbul}}
* {{Z|ovd}}: {{W-|ovd|tal|nt}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|angka}}, {{W+|id|bilang|cuda=bilangan}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|عَدَد|n}}
*: {{Z|acw}}: {{W-|acw|رقِم|n|tr=ragim}}, {{W-|acw|رقَم|n|tr=ragam}}
*: {{Z|ary}}: {{W-|ary|رقم|tr=raqm}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|թիվ}}
*: {{Z|xcl}}: {{W-|xcl|թիւ}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|nombro}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|arv}}
* {{Z|gur}}: {{W-|gur|nimõrɔ}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|شماره|tr=šomâre}}, {{W+|fa|رقم|tr=raqam}}, {{W+|fa|عدد|tr='adad}}, {{W+|fa|نمره|tr=nomre}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|luku}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|nombre|n}}, {{W+|fr|numéro|n}}
*: {{Z|fro}}: {{W-|fro|nombre}}
* {{Z|fur}}: {{W-|fur|numar|n}}
* {{Z|ofs}}: {{W-|ofs|rīm}}
* {{Z|ff}}:
*: Latînî: {{W-|ff|adadu}}, {{W-|ff|emmbere}}
*: Adlamî: {{W-|ff|𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤣𞤵}}, {{W-|ff|𞤫𞤥𞥆𞤦𞤫𞤪𞤫}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|àireamh|m}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W+|gl|número|n}}
* {{Z|got}}: {{W-|got|𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐍉|m}}
* {{Z|gu}}: {{W-|gu|નંબર|nt}}
* {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|რიცხვი}}
* {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|nonm}}
* {{Z|haw}}: {{W-|haw|helu}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|संख्या|m}}, {{W+|hi|अंक|n}}
* {{Z|hil}}: {{W-|hil|isip}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|aantal|nt}}, {{W+|nl|hoeveelheid|m}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|מִסְפָּר|n|tr=mispár}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|nombro}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|rīm|nt}}, {{W-|ang|tæl|nt}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|number}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|number}}
* {{Z|izh}}: {{W-|izh|cisla}}
* {{Z|ia}}: {{W+|ia|numero}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W+|ga|uimhir|m}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|numero|n}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|tala|m}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|数|tr=かず, kazu}}, {{W+|ja|数字|tr=すうじ, sūji}}
* {{Z|kaw}}: {{W-|kaw|wilaṅ}}
* {{Z|jv}}: {{W-|jv|wilangan}}
* Karachay-Balkar: {{tt-check|krc|сан}}
* {{Z|kl}}: {{W-|kl|kisitsit}}
* {{Z|kdr}}: {{W-|kdr|сан}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|nombre}}
* {{Z|qu}}: {{W-|qu|yupay}}
* {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|сан}}
* {{Z|si}}: {{W-|si|ගණන}}, {{W-|si|අංක}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W-|ko|숫자(數字)}}, {{W-|ko|수(數)}}
* {{Z|kw}}: {{W-|kw|niver}}
* {{Z|mfe}}: {{W-|mfe|nimero}}
* {{Z|crs}}: {{W-|crs|nimero}}
* {{Z|jct}}: {{W-|jct|сан}}
* {{Z|lld}}: {{W-|lld|numer|n}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|numerus|n}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|skaitlis|n}}
* {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ເລກ}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|skaičius}}
* {{Z|liv}}: {{W-|liv|lug}}
* {{Z|lb}}: {{W+|lb|Zuel|m}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W+|mk|број|n}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|nombor}}, {{W+|ms|angka}}, {{W+|ms|bilangan}}
* {{Z|mt}}: {{W+|mt|numru}}
* {{Z|mnc}}: {{W-|mnc|ᡨᠣᠨ}}
* {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|earroo}}
* {{Z|yua}}: {{W-|yua|xook}}, {{W-|yua|xookol}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szám}}
* {{Z|mwl}}: {{W-|mwl|númaro|n}}
* {{Z|mn}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W+|mn|тоо}}
* {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|námboo}}, {{W-|nv|ánéeltʼeʼ}}, {{W-|nv|ákwíígíí}}, {{W-|nv|nóomba}}
* {{Z|ne}}: {{W-|ne|संख्या|m}}, {{W-|ne|अंक|n}}
* {{Z|nog}}: {{W-|nog|сан}}
* {{Z|no}}:
*: {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|antall|nt}}, {{W+|no|tall|nt}}
*: {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|tal|nt}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|nombre|n}}
* {{Z|or}}: {{W+|or|ସଂଖ୍ୟା}}
* {{Z|ota}}: {{W-|ota|سایی|tr=sayı}}, {{W-|ota|عدد|tr=aded}}
* {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|رەقەم}}, {{W-|ug|سان}}
* {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|raqam}}, {{W+|uz|son}}
* {{Z|pi}}: {{W-|pi|gaṇanā}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W-|pap|number}}
* {{Z|ps}}: {{W+|ps|رقم|n|tr=raqám}}, {{W+|ps|عدد|n|tr=adád}}, {{W+|ps|نمره|m|tr=nomra}}
* {{Z|pms}}: {{W-|pms|nùmer|n}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|liczba|m}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|número|n}}
* {{Z|kk}}: {{W-|kk|сан}}, {{W-|kk|нөмір}}
* {{Z|rah}}: {{W-|rah|জায়}}
* {{Z|rm}}: {{W-|rm|numer|n}}, {{W-|rm|nomer}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|număr|nt}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W-|ru|число́|nt}}
* {{Z|rue}}: {{W-|rue|чісло́|nt}}
* {{Z|se}}: {{W-|se|lohku}}, {{W-|se|tálla}}
* {{Z|smn}}: {{W-|smn|nummeer}}
* {{Z|sa}}: {{W+|sa|संख्या|m}}
* {{Z|sc}}: {{W-|sc|númeru|n}}, {{W-|sc|númunu|n}}
* {{Z|ceb}}: {{W-|ceb|numero}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|nummuru}}, {{W+|scn|nùmmuru|n}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|бро̑ј|n}}, {{W-|sh|чи́сло|nt}}
*: Latînî: {{W+|sh|brȏj|n}}, {{W+|sh|číslo|nt}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W+|sk|číslo|nt}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|število|nt}}
* Sorbî:
*: {{Z|dsb}}: {{W-|dsb|cysło|nt}}, {{W-|dsb|numer|n}}
*: {{Z|hsb}}: {{W-|hsb|ličba|m}}, {{W-|hsb|čisło|nt}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|número|n}}
* {{Z|su}}: {{W-|su|ᮝᮤᮜᮍᮔ᮪}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|nambari}}, {{W-|sw|namba}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|tal|nt}}
* {{Z|cjs}}: {{W-|cjs|сан}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|рақам}}, {{W+|tg|адад}}, {{W+|tg|шумора}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|bilang}}
* {{Z|ta}}: {{W+|ta|எண்}}
* {{Z|roa-tar}}: {{W-|roa-tar|numere|n}}
* {{Z|tsg}}: {{W-|tsg|taud}}, {{W-|tsg|umbul}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|จำนวน}}, {{W+|th|เลข}}
* {{Z|te}}: {{W+|te|సంఖ్య}}
* {{Z|tt}}: {{W+|tt|сан}}
* {{Z|ti}}: {{W-|ti|ቍጽሪ}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sayı}}, {{W+|tr|rakam}}, {{W+|tr|adet}}
* {{Z|tk}}: {{W+|tk|san}}
* {{Z|bo}}: {{W-|bo|གྲངས་ཀ}}
* {{Z|kim}}: {{W-|kim|сан}}
* {{Z|tyv}}: {{W-|tyv|сан}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|عدد|tr='adad}}, {{W-|ur|تعداد|tr=ti'dād}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|число́|nt}}
* {{Z|vec}}: {{W+|vec|nùmaro|n}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|số}} ({{W+|vi|數}})
* {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|numat}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|rhif|n}}
* {{Z|kjh}}: {{W-|kjh|сан}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|លេខ}}
* {{Z|yka}}: {{W-|yka|umbul}}
* {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|נומער|n}}, {{W-|yi|צאָל|m}}
* {{Z|yo}}: {{W-|yo|nọ́ḿbà}}, {{W-|yo|òǹkà}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|αριθμός|n}}, {{W+|el|πλήθος|nt}}
* {{Z|za}}: {{W-|za|cihsoq}}, {{W-|za|susw}}, {{W-|za|soqcih}}, {{W-|za|soqmoeg}}
{{werger-bin}}
:{{werger çavkanî|en|number|oldid=75596754|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê}}
iwxcnatddi8diubms7o9f6qsvowyduj
hijmar
0
11815
6234203
5894998
2026-05-07T20:41:13Z
Bikarhêner
3719
/* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guharto|ku|hejmar}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
hx4ot7iey1uj5bvjwg01sax4qbothwg
jumar
0
11817
6234205
5894999
2026-05-07T20:42:00Z
Bikarhêner
3719
/* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re
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text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guharto|ku|jimare}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
6ix5ez642qxso5v671lpevh4dulszg8
jumare
0
11818
6234206
5895000
2026-05-07T20:42:15Z
Bikarhêner
3719
/* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guharto|ku|hejmar}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
hx4ot7iey1uj5bvjwg01sax4qbothwg
weşan
0
14092
6234280
6099045
2026-05-08T10:48:58Z
~2026-27926-02
14920
Werger: +swêdî : [[publikation]]; +swêdî : [[sändning]] (bi alîkarî)
6234280
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/wɛˈʃɑːn/}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-weşan.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|weşan|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[belav]] bûn, [[derketin]], [[çap]] bûn <br>(bi [[taybetî]] di [[rojname]]yekê yan [[pirtûk]]ekê yan [[radyo]]yekê yan [[televizyon]]ekê de yan jî li ser [[Internet]]ê)
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku|cure=Jê
|weşan kirin<pos:lêker>
|weşankirin<pos:navdêr>
|weşankirî<pos:rengdêr>
}}
==== Têkildar ====
* {{g|ku|weşîn}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{q|ku|weşandin}}. {{yekser|tr|ku|yayın}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Sendung}}, {{W+|de|Übertragung}}, {{W+|de|Bekanntgabe|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Verbreitung|f|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Verlagswesen|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|انتشار}}, {{W+|fa|چاپ}}, {{W+|fa|نشر}}, {{W-|fa|بهم زدن}}, {{W+|fa|توزیع}}, {{W+|fa|جنباندن}}, {{W+|fa|لرزاندن}}, {{W+|fa|منتشر کردن}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|publishing}}, {{W+|en|broadcasting}}, {{W+|en|broadcast}}, {{W+|en|publication}}, {{W+|en|dissemination}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|publikation}}, {{W+|sv|sändning}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|yayın}}, {{W+|tr|neşir}}, {{W+|tr|neşriyat}}, {{W+|tr|yayım}}, {{W+|tr|neşretmek}}, {{W+|tr|dökmek}}
{{werger-bin}}
b77lma823i00w65wpdwd4tmq42ndtnu
pîne
0
14980
6234216
6130666
2026-05-07T21:21:14Z
Bikarhêner
3719
6234216
wikitext
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|pîne|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[perçe|Perçe]]yek [[qumaş]]ê yan jî maddeyên din ên ku ji bo sererastkirin an [[xurtkirin]]a xalek çiryayî an [[qels]] tê bikaranîn.
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[parçe]], [[pirt]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku|cure=Herwiha
|penî
|pinî
}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|پینه}}
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* {{mj|lêker}} [[pîne kirin]]
* {{mj|lêker}} [[pîne bûn]]
* {{mj|navdêr}} [[pînekirin]]
* {{mj|navdêr}} [[pînebûn]]
* {{mj|rengdêr}} [[pînekirî]]
* [[bêpîne]]
* [[bêpînehî]]
* [[bêpînetî]]
* [[bêpîneyî]]
* [[bipîne]]
* [[bipînehî]]
* [[bipînetî]]
* [[bipîneyî]]
* [[pîne-pîne]]
* [[pîneker]]
* [[pînedoz]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Hevrehên din yên kurmancî [[pinî]], [[pena]], [[nepenî|ne-penî]], farisî {{g|fa|پنهان|tr=penhan|w=[[veşartî]]}}, pehlewî ''pey-nihan'', binere [[pey]] + [[niyan]] / [[nan]] ([[danîn]], [[deynan]]). Têkilî [[nehînî]] û [[niximandin|ni-ximandin]] / [[nixamtin|ni-xamtin]] yên kurmancî, {{g|fa|نهان|tr=nihan|w=[[veşartî]]}}, {{g|fa|نهادن|tr=nihaden|w=[[veşartin]]}} yên farisî, ''ni-δatey-'' ([[niximandin]]) ya avestayî têkilî [[ni-]] + [[dan]].
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Flicken|m}}, {{W+|de|offensichtlich}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|záplata|f}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|lap|c}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|رقعة}}, {{W+|ar|سر}}, {{W-|ar|لطخة}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|پشت}}, {{W+|fa|پیدا}}, {{W+|fa|بیصدا}}, {{W-|fa|تکه پارچه}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|paikka}}
* {{Z|en}}: [[patch]] (for repairing clothes), {{W+|en|patch}}, {{W+|en|mulch|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|sawdust|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|tatter|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|vamp|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|excelsior|guman=erê}}, {{W-|en|saw dust|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|scobs|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|onymous|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|pezza|f}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|remendo|m}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W|ru|tr=zapláta|заплата|f}}, {{W|ru|tr=zaplátka|заплатка|f}}, {{W|ru|tr=látka|латка|f}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W-|sk|záplata|f}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|parche|m}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|kiraka}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|lapp}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|yama}}, {{W+|tr|legal}}, {{W+|tr|aşikar}}, {{W-|tr|alenî}}, {{W+|tr|belirli}}, {{W+|tr|peni}}, {{W-|tr|ayakkabı altı|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
lq56px98ibpkeets6ha5i3r6by0d4j5
pinî
0
14982
6234215
6130667
2026-05-07T21:20:23Z
Bikarhêner
3719
/* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|pinî|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[xal]], [[nuqte]], [[leke]], [[nîşan]]
#: {{mk|ku|'''Piniyeke''' reş li [[alek]]a wî bû.}}
# {{guharto|ku|pîne|w=[[pate]]yê [[tamîr]]kirina [[cil]]an}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|پنی}}
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* {{mj|lêker}} [[pinî bûn]]
* {{mj|lêker}} [[pinî kirin]]
* {{mj|navdêr}} [[pinîbûn]]
* {{mj|navdêr}} [[pinîkirin]]
* {{mj|rengdêr}} [[pinîbûyî]]
* {{mj|rengdêr}} [[pinîkirî]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ira}}, binere {{q|ku|pîne}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|البقعة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الخصفة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|النمرة|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|گدا}}, {{W+|fa|سائل}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|läiskä}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|macula}}, {{W+|en|maculation}}, {{W+|en|spatter}}, {{W+|en|stain}}, {{W+|en|spot}}, {{W+|en|freckle}}, {{W-|en|bocker|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|botcher|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|fleck|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|nokta}}, {{W+|tr|sinsi}}, {{W+|tr|sinsilik}}, {{W-|tr|uz yılan|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guharto|ku|pîne|w=[[pate]]yê [[tamîr]]kirina [[cil]]an}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
d4y54cihm44ujcpr92880w4xr7qhmsi
6234219
6234215
2026-05-07T22:48:17Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr 1 */
6234219
wikitext
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|pinî|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[xal]], [[nuqte]], [[leke]], [[nîşan]]
#: {{mk|ku|'''Piniyeke''' reş li [[alek]]a wî bû.}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|پنی}}
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* {{mj|lêker}} [[pinî bûn]]
* {{mj|lêker}} [[pinî kirin]]
* {{mj|navdêr}} [[pinîbûn]]
* {{mj|navdêr}} [[pinîkirin]]
* {{mj|rengdêr}} [[pinîbûyî]]
* {{mj|rengdêr}} [[pinîkirî]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ira}}, binere {{q|ku|pîne}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|البقعة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الخصفة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|النمرة|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|گدا}}, {{W+|fa|سائل}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|läiskä}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|macula}}, {{W+|en|maculation}}, {{W+|en|spatter}}, {{W+|en|stain}}, {{W+|en|spot}}, {{W+|en|freckle}}, {{W-|en|bocker|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|botcher|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|fleck|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|nokta}}, {{W+|tr|sinsi}}, {{W+|tr|sinsilik}}, {{W-|tr|uz yılan|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guharto|ku|pîne|w=[[pate]]yê [[tamîr]]kirina [[cil]]an}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
mz90vbaeqhwwn6sbs0bysv4xgaywf85
pêjan
0
15223
6234252
6212941
2026-05-08T03:12:55Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234252
wikitext
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/peːˈʒɑːn/}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|pêjan|form=gerguhêz|niha=pêj}}
[[Wêne:An Iraqi woman bakes flat bread.jpg|thumb|Jinek nanê [[tenûr]]ê '''dipêje'''.]]
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# [[hevîr]] kirin [[nan]], [[nan]] [[çêkirin]], [[nan]] [[biraştin]]
# {{f|ku|mecazî}} [[bi cih anîn]]
#: {{nim|ku|Dibêje lê '''napêje'''.|Soza xwe bi cih naîne. / Wek ku dibêje nake|rêz=1}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|پێـژان}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku|cure=Herwiha
|patin
|pahtin
|paḧtin
|pehtin
|peḧtin
|petin
|pêjandin
|pêjîn
}}
==== Bide ber ====
* {{g|ku|pêjin}}
==== Tewîn ====
* -pêj-
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku|cure=Jê
|-pêj
|-pêjî
|pêjayî
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}}: *'''pek<sup>w</sup>'''- ("pehtin"),
{{ji|ira-pro||-}}: *'''pač'''- ("pehtin"),
{{ae}}: '''pec'''- ("pehtin"),
{{xpr}}: '''pic'''- ("pehtin"),
{{pal}}: '''pux'''- ("pehtin"),
[[sogdî]]: '''pc'''- ("pehtin"),
{{ha}}: '''pc'''- ("pehtin"),
{{fa}}: '''pez'''- ("pehtin"),
{{bal}}: '''peč'''- ("pehtin"),
[[xunserî]]: '''pez'''- ("pehtin") … {{ir}},
{{kmr}}: '''pehtin, pêjan /-pêj-''' ("pehtin"),
{{zza}}: '''pewten, poten /-poǰ-''' ("pehtin"),
{{sa}}: '''[[पचति]] pac''' ("pehtin"),
{{ru}}: '''p'eč''' ("pehtin"),
{{la}}: '''coquo''' ("pehtin"),
{{el}}: '''peptein''' ("pehtin")
<font style="font-size:10px">'''Çavkanî:''' [[Şablon:Cheung|Cheung p.286]], [[Şablon:Watkins|Watkins p.63]], [[Şablon:Etymonline|Etymonline]]</font><br>
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|backen}}, {{W+|de|garen}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|пека|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|péci}}, {{W+|cs|péct}}
* {{Z|zh}}: {{W+|zh|烤}}, {{W+|zh|烘}}, {{W-|zh|焙燒}}, {{W+|zh|烘烤}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|bage}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|خبز}} (xebeze), {{W-|ar|السیاج|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الوشیع|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|پختن}}, {{W+|fa|پزیدن}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|leipoa}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|cuire}} (au [[four#French|four]])
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|bakken}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|bake}}, {{W+|en|anticipation}}, {{W+|en|cooking}}, {{W+|en|beat down|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|cuocere}}
*: {{Z|ang}}: {{W+|ang|bacan}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|焼く|tr=yaku}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|süt}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|piec}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|печь|tr=p'eč}}, {{W+|ru|испечь|tr=isp'éč}} {{pf}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|hornear}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|fırınlamak}}, {{W+|tr|pişim}}, {{W+|tr|pişiriliş}}, {{W+|tr|pişirmek}}, {{W+|tr|sezilme|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|pêjan|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêmane}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
7aav16ul7npynl3zrrvbe98ew68i3ek
radan
0
15555
6234253
6213301
2026-05-08T03:15:47Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234253
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-h|ra dan}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/rɑːˈdɑːn/}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|radan|form=gerguhêz|niha=d|pêşgir=ra}}
{{lêker|ku|c=p-gh}}
# Li ser [[belav]] kirin.
#: {{mk|ku|[[nîvişk|Nîvişk]] bi [[nan]]î '''radan'''.}}
# [[tov]] dan (bi taybetî [[zelam]]ek bi [[tov]]ê xwe yê [[zayend]]î [[zarok]]ekê/î çêbike)
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# Li ser tiştekî bi asêyî girtin.
#: {{mk|ku|Derî li zarokên xwe '''radaye''' û çûye navgund.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Qubaleka bastiqê baş '''rade''' ku mişk nekevinê.}}
# [[vekirin]], [[malîn]], [[maliştin]], [[valakirin]], [[rakirin]], [[nehêlan]] li [[wêrê]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|ڕادان}}
==== Tewîn ====
''Lêker'':
* ra-d-
{{ku-conj-ra-an|d}}
==== Jê ====
* [[radayî]]
* [[rader]]
* [[raderî]]
==== Bide ber ====
{{stûn|
* [[berdan]]
* [[dadan]]
* [[hildan]]
* [[vedan]]
* [[werdan]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{pêk|ku|ra-|dan}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|einfügen}}, {{W+|de|abschließen}}, {{W+|de|absperren}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|إهالة|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|نیش زدن}}, {{W+|fa|زدن}}, {{W+|fa|گاییدن}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|draw}}, {{W+|en|drew}}, {{W+|en|drawn}}, {{W+|en|insert}}, (4) to {{W+|en|remove}}, {{W+|en|expansion|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|neap|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|sweeping|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|dilating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|flood tide|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|proceeding|guman=erê}}, {{W-|en|rising tide|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|davranma}}, {{W+|tr|davranmak}}, {{W+|tr|feshetme}}, {{W+|tr|feshetmek}}, {{W+|tr|germek}}, {{W+|tr|kapama}}, {{W+|tr|kapamak}}, {{W+|tr|kapatma}}, {{W+|tr|kapatmak}}, {{W+|tr|kilitleme}}, {{W+|tr|kilitlemek}}, {{W+|tr|kitlemek}}, {{W+|tr|uzatmak}}, {{W+|tr|kapanış|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|kapatış|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|radan|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{mane?|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
kwodln786qxa51fqbzp5o6h89akjqow
niyan
0
15723
6234254
6124267
2026-05-08T03:37:43Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234254
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|niyan|form=gerguhêz|niha=n}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# {{f|ku|argo}} [[gan]], [[gan]] kirin, [[seks]] kirin
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|نیان}}
==== Tewîn ====
* ''Rehê dema niha:'' [[-n-]]
==== Herwiha ====
{{stûn|
* {{mj|lêker}} {{g|ku|nan|id=niyan}}
* [[tênan]]
* [[nayin]]
* [[tênayin]]
}}
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* [[danan]]
* [[danîn]]
* [[nayî]]
* [[nêr]]
* [[nêrî]]
* [[niyayî]]
* [[tê nan]]
* [[venan]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{q|ku|ni-}} ("[[jêr]]") + {{q|ku|dan}} ("[[danîn]]").
Ji {{ji|ira}}, hevreha {{q|ku|nihan}}, {{q|ku|nihênî}}, herwiha farisî {{g|fa|نهادن|tr=nihaden|w=[[niximandin]], [[veşartin]]}}, avestayî ''ni-datey-'' ("[[danîn]]").
==== Bi zaravayên kurdî ====
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|nayene}}, {{W-|zza|nayîş}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|ficken}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|گاییدن}}, {{W+|fa|نهادن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fa|baiser}}, {{W+|fa|niquer}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|fuck}}, {{W+|en|bang}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sikmek}}, {{W+|tr|düzmek}}, {{W+|tr|mücamaa}}
{{werger-bin}}
9odinfulvk3wdsimoh0d6xc1xs1rab7
6234255
6234254
2026-05-08T03:42:25Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234255
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|niyan|form=gerguhêz|niha=n}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# {{f|ku|argo}} [[gan]], [[gan]] kirin, [[seks]] kirin
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|نیان}}
==== Tewîn ====
* ''Rehê dema niha:'' [[-n-]]
==== Herwiha ====
{{stûn|
* {{mj|lêker}} {{g|ku|nan|id=niyan}}
* [[tênan]]
* [[nayin]]
* [[tênayin]]
}}
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* [[danan]]
* [[danîn]]
* [[nayî]]
* [[nêr]]
* [[nêrî]]
* [[niyayî]]
* [[tê nan]]
* [[venan]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{q|ku|ni-}} ("[[jêr]]") + {{q|ku|dan}} ("[[danîn]]").
Ji {{ji|ira}}, hevreha {{q|ku|nihan}}, {{q|ku|nihênî}}, herwiha farisî {{g|fa|نهادن|tr=nihaden|w=[[niximandin]], [[veşartin]]}}, avestayî ''ni-datey-'' ("[[danîn]]").
==== Bi zaravayên kurdî ====
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|nayene}}, {{W-|zza|nayîş}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|ficken}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|گاییدن}}, {{W+|fa|نهادن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fa|baiser}}, {{W+|fa|niquer}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|fuck}}, {{W+|en|bang}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sikmek}}, {{W+|tr|düzmek}}, {{W+|tr|mücamaa}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|niyan|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{f|ku|argo}} {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sikişme}}, {{W+|tr|sikme}}
{{werger-bin}}
32z1zgb03anq9m3h0u5xc92x277tdrh
6234256
6234255
2026-05-08T03:49:10Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6234256
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|niyan|form=gerguhêz|niha=n}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# {{f|ku|argo}} [[gan]], [[gan]] kirin, [[seks]] kirin
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|نیان}}
==== Tewîn ====
* ''Rehê dema niha:'' [[-n-]]
==== Herwiha ====
{{stûn|
* {{mj|lêker}} {{g|ku|nan|id=niyan}}
* [[tênan]]
* [[nayin]]
* [[tênayin]]
}}
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* [[danan]]
* [[danîn]]
* [[nayî]]
* [[nêr]]
* [[nêrî]]
* [[niyayî]]
* [[tê nan]]
* [[venan]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{q|ku|ni-}} ("[[jêr]]") + {{q|ku|dan}} ("[[danîn]]").
Ji {{ji|ira}}, hevreha {{q|ku|nihan}}, {{q|ku|nihênî}}, herwiha farisî {{g|fa|نهادن|tr=nihaden|w=[[niximandin]], [[veşartin]]}}, avestayî ''ni-datey-'' ("[[danîn]]").
==== Bi zaravayên kurdî ====
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|nayene}}, {{W-|zza|nayîş}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|ficken}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|گاییدن}}, {{W+|fa|نهادن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fa|baiser}}, {{W+|fa|niquer}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|fuck}}, {{W+|en|bang}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sikmek}}, {{W+|tr|düzmek}}, {{W+|tr|mücamaa}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|niyan|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{f|ku|argo}} {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|baise|m}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|fucking}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sikişme}}, {{W+|tr|sikme}}
{{werger-bin}}
rl2ih2apxgpcb0qg5kfhq19vkk8mjdd
6234265
6234256
2026-05-08T03:58:18Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234265
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|niyan|form=gerguhêz|niha=n}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# {{f|ku|argo}} [[gan]], [[gan]] kirin, [[seks]] kirin
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|نیان}}
==== Tewîn ====
* ''Rehê dema niha:'' [[-n-]]
==== Herwiha ====
{{stûn|
* {{mj|lêker}} {{g|ku|nan|id=niyan}}
* [[tênan]]
* [[nayin]]
* [[tênayin]]
}}
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* [[danan]]
* [[danîn]]
* [[nayî]]
* [[nêr]]
* [[nêrî]]
* [[niyayî]]
* [[tê nan]]
* [[venan]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{q|ku|ni-}} ("[[jêr]]") + {{q|ku|dan}} ("[[danîn]]").
Ji {{ji|ira}}, hevreha {{q|ku|nihan}}, {{q|ku|nihênî}}, herwiha farisî {{g|fa|نهادن|tr=nihaden|w=[[niximandin]], [[veşartin]]}}, avestayî ''ni-datey-'' ("[[danîn]]").
==== Bi zaravayên kurdî ====
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|nayene}}, {{W-|zza|nayîş}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|ficken}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|گاییدن}}, {{W+|fa|نهادن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fa|baiser}}, {{W+|fa|niquer}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|fuck}}, {{W+|en|bang}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sikmek}}, {{W+|tr|düzmek}}, {{W+|tr|mücamaa}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|niyan|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{f|ku|argo}} {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|baise|m}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|fucking}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sikişme}}, {{W+|tr|sikme}}
{{werger-bin}}
j4mcjapga1ly25wwzx28eyf7wze3l2n
6234266
6234265
2026-05-08T04:06:59Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234266
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|niyan|form=gerguhêz|niha=n|borî=niya}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# {{f|ku|argo}} [[gan]], [[gan]] kirin, [[seks]] kirin
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|نیان}}
==== Tewîn ====
* ''Rehê dema niha:'' [[-n-]]
==== Herwiha ====
{{stûn|
* {{mj|lêker}} {{g|ku|nan|id=niyan}}
* [[tênan]]
* [[nayin]]
* [[tênayin]]
}}
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* [[danan]]
* [[danîn]]
* [[nayî]]
* [[nêr]]
* [[nêrî]]
* [[niyayî]]
* [[tê nan]]
* [[venan]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{q|ku|ni-}} ("[[jêr]]") + {{q|ku|dan}} ("[[danîn]]").
Ji {{ji|ira}}, hevreha {{q|ku|nihan}}, {{q|ku|nihênî}}, herwiha farisî {{g|fa|نهادن|tr=nihaden|w=[[niximandin]], [[veşartin]]}}, avestayî ''ni-datey-'' ("[[danîn]]").
==== Bi zaravayên kurdî ====
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|nayene}}, {{W-|zza|nayîş}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|ficken}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|گاییدن}}, {{W+|fa|نهادن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fa|baiser}}, {{W+|fa|niquer}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|fuck}}, {{W+|en|bang}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sikmek}}, {{W+|tr|düzmek}}, {{W+|tr|mücamaa}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|niyan|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{f|ku|argo}} {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|baise|m}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|fucking}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sikişme}}, {{W+|tr|sikme}}
{{werger-bin}}
5mqn346m5b566fkkzt6gqabagac036g
6234267
6234266
2026-05-08T04:12:58Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234267
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|niyan|form=gerguhêz|niha=n|borî=niya}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# {{f|ku|argo}} [[gan]], [[gan]] kirin, [[seks]] kirin
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|نیان}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku
| nan<id:niyan><q:lêker>
| tênan
| nayin
| tênayin
}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| danan
| danîn
| nayî
| nêr
| nêrî
| niyayî
| tê nan
| venan
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{q|ku|ni-}} ("[[jêr]]") + {{q|ku|dan}} ("[[danîn]]").
Ji {{ji|ira}}, hevreha {{q|ku|nihan}}, {{q|ku|nihênî}}, herwiha farisî {{g|fa|نهادن|tr=nihaden|w=[[niximandin]], [[veşartin]]}}, avestayî ''ni-datey-'' ("[[danîn]]").
==== Bi zaravayên kurdî ====
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|nayene}}, {{W-|zza|nayîş}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|ficken}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|گاییدن}}, {{W+|fa|نهادن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fa|baiser}}, {{W+|fa|niquer}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|fuck}}, {{W+|en|bang}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sikmek}}, {{W+|tr|düzmek}}, {{W+|tr|mücamaa}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|niyan|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{f|ku|argo}} {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|baise|m}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|fucking}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sikişme}}, {{W+|tr|sikme}}
{{werger-bin}}
2bwmcsrs16ezf5q7je9pu30jma6yvpn
6234269
6234267
2026-05-08T04:18:28Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Werger */
6234269
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|niyan|form=gerguhêz|niha=n|borî=niya}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# {{f|ku|argo}} [[gan]], [[gan]] kirin, [[seks]] kirin
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|نیان}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku
| nan<id:niyan><q:lêker>
| tênan
| nayin
| tênayin
}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| danan
| danîn
| nayî
| nêr
| nêrî
| niyayî
| tê nan
| venan
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{q|ku|ni-}} ("[[jêr]]") + {{q|ku|dan}} ("[[danîn]]").
Ji {{ji|ira}}, hevreha {{q|ku|nihan}}, {{q|ku|nihênî}}, herwiha farisî {{g|fa|نهادن|tr=nihaden|w=[[niximandin]], [[veşartin]]}}, avestayî ''ni-datey-'' ("[[danîn]]").
==== Bi zaravayên kurdî ====
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|nayene}}, {{W-|zza|nayîş}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|ficken}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|گائیدن|tr=gâ'idan}}, {{W+|fa|گاییدن|tr=gâyidan}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fa|baiser}}, {{W+|fa|niquer}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|fuck}}, {{W+|en| screw}}, {{W+|en|bang}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sikmek}}, {{W+|tr|düzmek}}, {{W+|tr|mücamaa}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|niyan|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{f|ku|argo}} {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|baise|m}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|fucking}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sikişme}}, {{W+|tr|sikme}}
{{werger-bin}}
rrlh3sewhj4hapqavj3cpkhdm2cosuh
besimîn
0
22784
6234257
6124436
2026-05-08T03:51:51Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234257
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|besimîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=besim}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# [[bişirîn]], [[girnijîn]], [[bişkurîn]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Tewîn ====
: [[-besim-]]
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|بهسمین}}
==== Têkildar ====
* [[besimandin]]
* [[tebesim]]
==== Jê ====
* [[besimer]]
* [[besimî]]
* [[besimok]]
* [[tebesim]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ar|ku|بسم}} (beseme: [[bişirîn]], [[girnijîn]]) ku herwiha serekaniya peyva [[tebesim]] e jî.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|لبخندزدن}}, {{W-|fa|تبسم کردن}}, {{W+|fa|لبخند زدن}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|smile}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|gülümsemek}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|besimîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[bişir]], [[girnij]], [[bişkur]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|smile}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|gülümseme}}, {{W+|tr|tebessüm}}
{{werger-bin}}
29yueyj3cvtdmoe3zfbebc3h448161a
Şablon:ku-tewîn-lk-niha
10
22788
6234238
6070761
2026-05-08T02:35:35Z
Ghybu
1393
6234238
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<includeonly>{| class="wikitable tablo-flip" border="1" style="width:22em; background-color:white;"
! colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#FFFFE0" style="font-size:85%;" | Tewandina lêkera ''{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}''
|-
! rowspan="4" |<tt>{{ş-kurtenav|RP.|Raweya pêşkerî}}</tt><br>Niha
! colspan="2" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFE0;" |[[yekjimar|Yekjimar]]
! colspan="2" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFE0;" |[[pirrjimar|Pirrjimar]]
|-
| ez
| width="35%" | {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1|}}
| em
| width="35%" | {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=p1}}
|-
| tu
| width="35%" | {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s2}}
| hûn
| width="35%" | {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=p2}}
|-
| ew
| width="35%" | {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s3}}
| ew
| width="35%" | {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=p3}}
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center; background-color:#white;" | Ji bo hemû formên din:<br/> [[Wêne:1rightarrow.png|15px|link=]] {{#if:{{{tewandinên din|}}}|[[Tewandin:{{{tewandinên din}}}]]|[[Tewandin:{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
|-
|}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{belgekirin}}
[[Kategorî:Şablonên lêkeran ({{navê zimanî|ku}})| ]]
</noinclude>
s0fd9azktyc6b3hahp746upvgjng5bf
bişişîn
0
22791
6234258
6124437
2026-05-08T03:53:07Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234258
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|bişişîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=bişiş}}
[[Wêne:Iraqi girl smiles.jpg|thumb|200px|Ev keçik dibişişe bêyî ku devê xwe veke.]]
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ng}}
# [[bişirîn]], [[bişkurrîn]], [[mizicîn]], [[kenîn]], [[bêdeng]] [[kenîn]], [[kêfxweşî]] li [[rû]]yî [[diyar]] bûn
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# {{kontrol|rêz=erê|[[girnijîn]]}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[beşişîn]]
==== Tewîn ====
: -girrnij-
==== Têkildar ====
* [[bişişandin]]
==== Jê ====
* [[bişişer]]
* [[bişişî]]
* [[bişişiyayî]]
* [[bişişok]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|bişiş|în}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|glimlag}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|lächeln}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|mousc'hoarzhin}}
* {{Z|bg}}: [[усмихвам|усмихвам се]] (usmikhzam se)
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|usmát se}}, {{W+|cs|usmívat se}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|senyum}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|rideti}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|تبسم کردن}}, {{W+|fa|لبخند زدن}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|hymyillä}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|sourire}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W-|gn|pukavy}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|glimlachen}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|smile}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|微笑む|tr=ほほえむ, hohoemu}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W-|la|subridere}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W-|lt|šypsotis}}
* {{Z|pl}}: [[uśmiechać]] się
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|sorrir}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|zâmbi}}
* {{Z|ru}}: [[улыбаться]] (ulybát’sja)
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|nasmehniti se}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W-|es|sonreir}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W-|sv|le#Swedish}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|gülümsemek}}, {{W-|tr|tebesüm}}, {{W-|tr|gülümseyiş}}, {{W-|tr|tebesüm etmek}}, {{W+|tr|tebessüm etmek|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|bo}}: {{W-|bo|osmijeh}}
* {{Z|uk}}: [[посміхатися]] (posmikhatysja)
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|cười}}
{{werger-bin}}
igm6kc68ckuvph8jy25yrg307pyil4h
6234259
6234258
2026-05-08T03:53:21Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234259
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|bişişîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=bişiş}}
[[Wêne:Iraqi girl smiles.jpg|thumb|200px|Ev keçik dibişişe bêyî ku devê xwe veke.]]
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# [[bişirîn]], [[bişkurrîn]], [[mizicîn]], [[kenîn]], [[bêdeng]] [[kenîn]], [[kêfxweşî]] li [[rû]]yî [[diyar]] bûn
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# {{kontrol|rêz=erê|[[girnijîn]]}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[beşişîn]]
==== Tewîn ====
: -girrnij-
==== Têkildar ====
* [[bişişandin]]
==== Jê ====
* [[bişişer]]
* [[bişişî]]
* [[bişişiyayî]]
* [[bişişok]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|bişiş|în}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|glimlag}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|lächeln}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|mousc'hoarzhin}}
* {{Z|bg}}: [[усмихвам|усмихвам се]] (usmikhzam se)
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|usmát se}}, {{W+|cs|usmívat se}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|senyum}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|rideti}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|تبسم کردن}}, {{W+|fa|لبخند زدن}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|hymyillä}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|sourire}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W-|gn|pukavy}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|glimlachen}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|smile}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|微笑む|tr=ほほえむ, hohoemu}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W-|la|subridere}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W-|lt|šypsotis}}
* {{Z|pl}}: [[uśmiechać]] się
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|sorrir}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|zâmbi}}
* {{Z|ru}}: [[улыбаться]] (ulybát’sja)
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|nasmehniti se}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W-|es|sonreir}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W-|sv|le#Swedish}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|gülümsemek}}, {{W-|tr|tebesüm}}, {{W-|tr|gülümseyiş}}, {{W-|tr|tebesüm etmek}}, {{W+|tr|tebessüm etmek|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|bo}}: {{W-|bo|osmijeh}}
* {{Z|uk}}: [[посміхатися]] (posmikhatysja)
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|cười}}
{{werger-bin}}
elu61j6k3oaqt4s6sarlctpfo2q5ppa
6234260
6234259
2026-05-08T03:53:41Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234260
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|bişişîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=bişiş}}
[[Wêne:Iraqi girl smiles.jpg|thumb|200px|Ev keçik '''dibişişe''' bêyî ku devê xwe veke.]]
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# [[bişirîn]], [[bişkurrîn]], [[mizicîn]], [[kenîn]], [[bêdeng]] [[kenîn]], [[kêfxweşî]] li [[rû]]yî [[diyar]] bûn
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# {{kontrol|rêz=erê|[[girnijîn]]}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[beşişîn]]
==== Tewîn ====
: -girrnij-
==== Têkildar ====
* [[bişişandin]]
==== Jê ====
* [[bişişer]]
* [[bişişî]]
* [[bişişiyayî]]
* [[bişişok]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|bişiş|în}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|glimlag}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|lächeln}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|mousc'hoarzhin}}
* {{Z|bg}}: [[усмихвам|усмихвам се]] (usmikhzam se)
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|usmát se}}, {{W+|cs|usmívat se}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|senyum}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|rideti}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|تبسم کردن}}, {{W+|fa|لبخند زدن}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|hymyillä}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|sourire}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W-|gn|pukavy}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|glimlachen}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|smile}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|微笑む|tr=ほほえむ, hohoemu}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W-|la|subridere}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W-|lt|šypsotis}}
* {{Z|pl}}: [[uśmiechać]] się
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|sorrir}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|zâmbi}}
* {{Z|ru}}: [[улыбаться]] (ulybát’sja)
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|nasmehniti se}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W-|es|sonreir}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W-|sv|le#Swedish}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|gülümsemek}}, {{W-|tr|tebesüm}}, {{W-|tr|gülümseyiş}}, {{W-|tr|tebesüm etmek}}, {{W+|tr|tebessüm etmek|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|bo}}: {{W-|bo|osmijeh}}
* {{Z|uk}}: [[посміхатися]] (posmikhatysja)
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|cười}}
{{werger-bin}}
s3hm6acsqku6s9b5x48s9iq6peqckgg
Wîkîferheng:ceribandin
4
23016
6234224
6230451
2026-05-08T00:56:48Z
Ghybu
1393
6234224
wikitext
text/x-wiki
: [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]]
{{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=IndPresent.s1}}
{{ku-tewandin/ceribandin|karîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=kar|borî=karî}}
{{#invoke:ku-tewandin/ceribandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{{ku-tewîn-lk/ceribandin|ketin|pêşgir=ra|form=gerguhêz|niha=kev|niha2=ab|niha3=ck|borî=ket}}
<!--{{ku-tewandin/ceribandin|ketin|form=negerguhêz|niha=kev|borî=ket}}-->
3bqvcm6f1q1gltdbn2hddfdslq0gswf
6234225
6234224
2026-05-08T00:57:46Z
Ghybu
1393
6234225
wikitext
text/x-wiki
: [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]]
{{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|form=gerghuhêz|dem=IndPresent.s1|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
{{ku-tewandin/ceribandin|karîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=kar|borî=karî}}
{{#invoke:ku-tewandin/ceribandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{{ku-tewîn-lk/ceribandin|ketin|pêşgir=ra|form=gerguhêz|niha=kev|niha2=ab|niha3=ck|borî=ket}}
<!--{{ku-tewandin/ceribandin|ketin|form=negerguhêz|niha=kev|borî=ket}}-->
36yblki40cxsnqfb5jlx71omw4saqr3
6234226
6234225
2026-05-08T00:59:26Z
Ghybu
1393
6234226
wikitext
text/x-wiki
: [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]]
{{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|form=gerguhêz|dem=IndPresent.s1|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
{{ku-tewandin/ceribandin|karîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=kar|borî=karî}}
{{#invoke:ku-tewandin/ceribandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{{ku-tewîn-lk/ceribandin|ketin|pêşgir=ra|form=gerguhêz|niha=kev|niha2=ab|niha3=ck|borî=ket}}
<!--{{ku-tewandin/ceribandin|ketin|form=negerguhêz|niha=kev|borî=ket}}-->
nbmy3hely0uh0wbt286r2mp6t9disy0
6234228
6234226
2026-05-08T01:27:33Z
Ghybu
1393
6234228
wikitext
text/x-wiki
: [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]]
{{şablon:ceribandin|form=gerguhêz|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
{{ku-tewandin/ceribandin|karîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=kar|borî=karî}}
{{#invoke:ku-tewandin/ceribandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{{ku-tewîn-lk/ceribandin|ketin|pêşgir=ra|form=gerguhêz|niha=kev|niha2=ab|niha3=ck|borî=ket}}
<!--{{ku-tewandin/ceribandin|ketin|form=negerguhêz|niha=kev|borî=ket}}-->
qvy03azlq8en7x8dm1qg0z9uonn0a0h
rojbaş
0
24160
6234281
5899261
2026-05-08T11:41:52Z
~2026-27761-30
14922
Werger: +swêdî : [[goddag]] (bi alîkarî)
6234281
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-rojbaş.wav|Deng|dever=Bidlîs}}
=== Baneşan ===
{{baneşan|ku}}
# [[silav]]a [[roj]]ê, <br>[[silav]]a ku mirov ji kesekî re dibêje dema ku bi [[roj]] wê / wî [[dîtin|dibîne]] yan [[xatir]] jê dixwaze<br> (li demên din jî dikare bê bikaranîn, bi taybetî li [[spêde]]yan)
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[roj baş]]
==== Bide ber ====
* [[êvarbaş]]
* [[spêdebaş]]
* [[şevbaş]]
==== Jê ====
* [[rojbaşî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{pêk|ku|roj|baş}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|guten Tag}}, {{W-|de|guten morgen}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|dobrý den}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|goddag}}
* {{Z|hy}}: [[բարի օր]] (bari or)
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|bonan tagon}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|روز خوش}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|hyvää päivää}}, {{W+|fi|päivää}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|bonjour}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|good day}}, {{W+|en|good afternoon}}, {{W+|en|bonjour}}, {{W+|en|greeting|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|buongiorno}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|góðan daginn}}
* {{Z|ja}}: [[こんにちは]] (konnichiwa)
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|labdien}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|jó napot}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|dzień dobry}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|bom dia}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|добрый день}}
* {{Z|sh}}: {{W-|sh|dobar dan}}
* {{Z|sh}}: {{W-|sh|добар дан}}, {{W-|sh|dobar dan}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|buenos días}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|god dag}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|goddag}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|magandang umaga}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|iyi günler}}, {{W+|tr|bonjur}}, {{W+|tr|günaydın}}, {{W-|tr|sabahlar hayrolsun}}, {{W+|tr|günaydın!|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|добрий день}}
{{werger-bin}}
== {{ziman|zza}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|zza}}
# [[rojbaş]]
#* {{bêmînak|zza}}
9y46fqwqxuiphqafh8jg0g2p5axxzrp
domîn
0
27721
6234273
6230276
2026-05-08T10:11:15Z
~2026-27926-02
14920
Werger: +swêdî : [[fortsätta]] (bi alîkarî)
6234273
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# [[vekêşan]], [[berdewam]] bûn, [[dewam]] kirin, [[bi dawî hatin|bi dawî nehatin]], wek [[berê]] man
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|دۆمین}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[doman]]
* [[domiyan]]
==== Tewîn ====
:-dom-
==== Têkildar ====
* [[domandin]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|dom|-în}}.
==== Jê ====
* [[domiyayî]]
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|andauern}}, {{W|de|dauern}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|استمر|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|ادامه یافتن}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W|fi|jatkue}}
* {{Z|fr}}: se [[continuer]]
* {{Z|en}}: [[continue]] (''intransitive''), {{W|en|abide}}, {{W|en|run on}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|fortsätta}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|abide}}, {{W|tr|sürme}}, {{W|tr|sürmek}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|domîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêwate}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
mgu7ikc0ef1j2w3xzvizewfy8nz9fk8
reqem
0
29843
6234209
6234012
2026-05-07T20:45:58Z
Bikarhêner
3719
/* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re
6234209
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|reqem|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|jimare|hejmar|jimar|nimre|micar}}
#* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Melayê Cizîrî/Dîwana Melayê Cizirî}}|jêgirtin=ismê te ye mektûb-i di dîwanê qidem da</br>Herfek qelemê 'ilm-i bi teqwîmê '''reqem''' da</br>Eşkal û xetên da'ireya nuqteyê 'ilm in}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| bêreqem
| bêreqemî
| bireqem
| reqemdar
| reqemdarî
| reqemnas
| reqemnasî
| reqemî
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ar|ku|رَقَم}}.
==== Anagram ====
* {{anagram|ku|a=eemqr|qemer|mereq}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|aantal}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Zahl|f}}, {{W+|de|Anzahl|f}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|tal}}, {{W+|da|antal}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|رقم|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|nombro}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|رقم}}, {{W+|fa|عدد}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|tal}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|numero}}, {{W+|fi|luku}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|nombre}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W-|fy|tal}}, {{W-|fy|oantal}}
* {{Z|gu}}: {{W+|gu|સંખ્યા}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|संख्या|f}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|aantal}}, {{W+|nl|tal}}, {{W+|nl|getal}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|מספר|cuda=מִסְפָּר}}, {{W+|he|המון|cuda=הָמון}}, {{W+|he|רב|cuda=רֹב}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|nombro}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|number}}, {{W+|en|amount}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|numero}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|nombre}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szám}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|nummer}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W-|pap|konta}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|número}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|número|m}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|antal}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|numara}}, {{W+|tr|rakam}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|αθροίζω}}
* {{Z|zu}}: {{W+|zu|inamba}}
{{werger-bin}}
0ygetkraf6s3ho5je0nar2dhg75l4lo
numare
0
29845
6234204
4134277
2026-05-07T20:41:46Z
Bikarhêner
3719
/* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re
6234204
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guharto|ku|nimre}}
7s97hmy4nwt26tumw8vyhfy8us5i5rg
hero
0
30988
6234283
6082694
2026-05-08T11:57:47Z
~2026-27761-30
14922
Werger: +swêdî : [[varje dag]] (bi alîkarî)
6234283
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Hoker ===
{{hoker|ku}}
# [[her]] [[roj]], [[kîj]] [[roj]] be, [[rojane]], [[hemû]] [[roj]]
#:''Em '''hero''' dixebitin.'' (Ti roj nîne ku em kar nekin.)
#* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Ehmedê Xanî/Mem û Zîn}}|jêgirtin=Têk berdine baxî wan wekî teyr</br>Da em bikirin '''hero''' li wan seyr</br>Xelqê ko xezal û gor û xergûş}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|هەرۆ}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[heroj]]
* [[her roj]]
* [[herro]]
* [[herroj]]
==== Jê ====
* [[heroyî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{pêk|ku|her|roj}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|taglich|guman=erê}}, {{W|de|täglich|guman=erê}}, {{W|de|tagtäglich|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|هرروز}}, {{W|fa|همه روز}}, {{W|fa|مر روز|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|everyday}}, {{W|en|every day}}, {{W|en|daily}}, {{W|en|day-to-day}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W-|sv|varje dag}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|gündüzleri|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|günü gününe|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|her gün|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|tanrının günü|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|tanrı'nın günü|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|yevmiye|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
== {{ziman|sq}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|sq|z=n}}
# {{g|ku|qehreman}}, {{g|ku|leheng}}, {{g|ku|pehlewan}}
#* {{bêmînak|sq}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|sq|qehreman}}
== {{ziman|en}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|en|/hɪɹoʊ/}}
* {{deng|en|en-us-hero.ogg|dever=DYA}}
* {{deng|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-hero.wav|Deng|dever=Teksas, DYA}}
* {{deng|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Grendelkhan-hero.wav|Deng|dever=Connecticut, DYA}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|en|p=heroes|m=heroine}}
# [[gernas]], [[egîd]], [[fêris]], [[çeleng]], [[palewan]], [[qehreman]], [[leheng]]
#* {{bêmînak|en}}
== {{ziman|ceb}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ceb}}
# {{g|ku|qehreman}}, {{g|ku|leheng}}, {{g|ku|pehlewan}}
#* {{bêmînak|ceb}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|ceb|qehreman}}
byy2g0ojaax78ujlu0wbyutjbm0uosp
nizam
0
39216
6234278
6124687
2026-05-08T10:36:59Z
~2026-27926-02
14920
Werger: +swêdî : [[jag vet inte]] (bi alîkarî)
6234278
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=}}
# {{f|ku|devkî}} [[ez]] [[ni-|ni]][[zanîn|zanim]], min hay / aga jê nîne
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Melayê Cizîrî/Dîwana Melayê Cizirî}}|jêgirtin=Ji Wadiyê-eymenê dilber<br />'''Nizam''' enguştek izhar kir}}
==== Bide ber ====
* [[nîzam]]
* [[nazim]]
* [[nezm]]
* [[nizm]]
==== Têkildar ====
* [[çuzam]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
[[ni-]] + [[zanîn]] + [[-im]]
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: [[I dunno]], [[I]] [[don't]] [[know]], {{W+|en|dunno|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W-|sv|jag vet inte}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|bilmem}}, {{W-|tr|neymiş|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
== {{ziman|tr}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|tr}}
# [[sazûman]], [[pergal]], [[rêzan]], [[nîzam]]
#* {{bêmînak|tr}}
ji34vvluzyas2a435eg96m4v8c3xafv
6234279
6234278
2026-05-08T10:37:12Z
~2026-27926-02
14920
Werger: +swêdî : [[jag venne]] (bi alîkarî)
6234279
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=}}
# {{f|ku|devkî}} [[ez]] [[ni-|ni]][[zanîn|zanim]], min hay / aga jê nîne
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Melayê Cizîrî/Dîwana Melayê Cizirî}}|jêgirtin=Ji Wadiyê-eymenê dilber<br />'''Nizam''' enguştek izhar kir}}
==== Bide ber ====
* [[nîzam]]
* [[nazim]]
* [[nezm]]
* [[nizm]]
==== Têkildar ====
* [[çuzam]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
[[ni-]] + [[zanîn]] + [[-im]]
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: [[I dunno]], [[I]] [[don't]] [[know]], {{W+|en|dunno|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W-|sv|jag vet inte}}, {{W-|sv|jag venne}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|bilmem}}, {{W-|tr|neymiş|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
== {{ziman|tr}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|tr}}
# [[sazûman]], [[pergal]], [[rêzan]], [[nîzam]]
#* {{bêmînak|tr}}
qpc8o6izde6a0guv9iprc3gz9qtvgo1
destavêtin
0
47139
6234191
6136023
2026-05-07T12:58:30Z
~2026-27653-64
14914
/* Bilêvkirin */
6234191
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-h|dest avêtin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
êrîşa zayendî - destdirêjkirin
dest avêtina karekî: alîkarî
destavêtina mirovekî: zayendî
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|destavêtin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{wate?}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|dest|avêtin}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
4ura17idk4x0p4zcmorxp6cjokqf65x
dest avêtin
0
47140
6234198
5915905
2026-05-07T14:54:20Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234198
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-h|destavêtin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=h-gh}}
# [[dest]]ê xwe [[gihandin]] tiştekî
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# tiştek [[hilgirtin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[dest pê kirin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[dest avêştin]]ê
* [[dest avêjtin]]ê
* [[dest havêjtin]]ê
* [[dest havêştin]]ê
* [[dest havêtin]]ê
* [[dest avîtin]]ê
* [[dest havîtinê]]
==== Jê ====
* ''Navdêr:'' [[destavêtin]]ê
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|dest|avêtin}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|anfassen}}, {{W|de|berühren}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|دست انداختن}}, {{W+|fa|تجاوز کردن}}, {{W+|fa|تجاوز}}, {{W+|fa|دست درازی}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|rampage}}, {{W|en|start}}, {{W|en|reach}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|sarkıntılık}}, {{W+|tr|yapışma}}, {{W+|tr|el atmak}}, {{W+|tr|sataşmak}}, {{W+|tr|sarkıntılık yapmak}}, {{W+|tr|taciz}}, {{W+|tr|ağırlığını koymak}}, {{W+|tr|çizmeleri çekmek}}, {{W+|tr|iskele almak}}, {{W+|tr|saldırmak}}, {{W+|tr|sarkıntılık etmek}}, {{W+|tr|üstünden geçmek}}, {{W|tr|el sürmek|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
2oa8n00a5cadxoxa5lgc7mbj8i0wrj0
kupîn
0
55225
6234261
6125125
2026-05-08T03:54:23Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234261
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|kupîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=kup}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# Rûyê tiştekî ber bi derva xwe ve xwar bûn, rûyê tiştekî ber bi derva xwe derketin yan werimîn. Bi taybetî ji bo amûrên metal û hesin tê bikaranîn.
#* Beroşa me ji ser sobeyê ket erde û kupîya. Birê min jî rabû bi mîrkut beroş rast kir.
#* Qemyona ku firêna wê teqiya li dîwar qelibî. Dîwar xwera bû û qaputê qemyonê jî kupiya.
==== Tewîn ====
''Lêker'':
:-kup-
==== Bide ber ====
* [[tebiqîn]]
* [[deviqîn]]
==== Jê ====
* [[kupîyayî]]
* [[kupandin]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{etîmolojî?}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|protuberate}}, to {{W+|en|bulge out}}, to {{W+|en|project}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|yumrulanmak}}, {{W+|tr|şişmek}}
{{werger-bin}}
pz9e0fdvm41h8wjl581snzazqwmbccs
tebiqîn
0
55226
6234262
6125126
2026-05-08T03:54:46Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234262
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|tebiqîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=tebiqîn}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# Ber bi hendirê xwe ve xwar bûn, ber bi valahiya binê xwe ve xwar bûn yan jî [[çal]] bûn yan jî ketin, [[hilweşîyan]], [[kumişîn]]. Ji bo amûrên metalîk bi wateya xwarbûnê tê bikaranîn
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Li bajarê Zonguldaka Tirkiyeyê, kana madeneke taybet '''tebiqî''', karekerekî jiyana xwe ji dest da 1 jî birîndar bû.|Kana madenê tebiqî: 1 mir, 1 birîndar bû, aknews.com, 25/03/2010}}
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Di welatê di bin nîrê dagirkeriyê de her tişt xwar û kirêt e. Lewheyên '''tebiqî''', cihên xwe li ser ziman û mejiyê mirovên wî welatî vekiriye!|Ji bo xatirê hevalê minê ko her êvar evîndar dibe, nefel.com, 28/06/2005}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|تهبقین}}
==== Tewîn ====
''Lêker'':
:-tebiq-
==== Herwiha ====
* [[deviqîn]]
==== Bide ber ====
* [[kupîn]]
==== Jê ====
* [[tebiqandî]]
* [[tebiqandin]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|collapse}}, to {{W+|en|fall down}}, to {{W+|en|cave in}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|çökmek}}, {{W+|tr|göçmek}}, {{W-|tr|vıcıklaşmak}}, {{W+|tr|çökme}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|tebiqîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêwate}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
oqcd4rx5tg4iqygm80gamstgvlzw8mh
eded
0
55857
6234222
5577056
2026-05-07T23:08:05Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Etîmolojî */
6234222
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/ɛˈdɛd/}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|eded|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[lib]], [[heb]], [[çendanî]], [[miqdar]], [[mêjer]], [[hejmar]], [[kantîte]], [[kemiyet]], [[jimar]]
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Her yekî westabû tê de çendî sal<br>Lê ''''eded''' mes-pare 'ilmê Layezal.|[[w:Mela Hisênê Bateyî]]}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[aded]]
* [[edad]]
==== Bide ber ====
* [[edet]]
* [[ebed]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{deyn|ar|ku|عَدَد}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Menge}}, {{W|de|Quantität}}, {{W|de|Quantum}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|величина}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|množství}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|كمية|f}}, {{W|ar|مقدار|m}}, {{W|ar|عدد|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|kvanto}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|کمیت}}, {{W+|fa|چندی}}, {{W+|fa|مقدار}}, {{W+|fa|عادت}}, {{W+|fa|شماره}}, {{W+|fa|عدد|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|mongd}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|määrä}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|quantité}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|hoeveelheid}}, {{W+|nl|kwantiteit}}, {{W+|nl|boel}}, {{W+|nl|grootheid}}, {{W+|nl|sterkte}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|quanteso}}, {{W+|io|quanto}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|quantity}}, {{W+|en|amount}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W|ja|量|tr=ryō}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|quantitat}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W|ko|양|R=yang}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|jumlah}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|összeg}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|beløp}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W+|pap|kantidat}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|quantidade}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|număr}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W|ru|величина|f}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|cantidad}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|каммият}}, {{W+|tg|чандӣ}}, {{W+|tg|бузургӣ}}, {{W+|tg|миқдор}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|halagá}}, {{W+|tl|kabuuán}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|nicelik}}, {{W+|tr|bolluk}}, {{W+|tr|adet}}, {{W+|tr|sayı}}, {{W+|tr|kemmiyet}}, {{W+|tr|kantite}}, {{W+|tr|kemiyet}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W|el|ποσότητα|f}}
{{werger-bin}}
pzup8yi1txniwjtm2nkt3bwj3fdf9ve
6234223
6234222
2026-05-07T23:09:30Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6234223
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/ɛˈdɛd/}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|eded|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|lib|heb|çendanî|miqdar|mêjer|hejmar|kantîte|kemiyet|jimar}}
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Her yekî westabû tê de çendî sal<br>Lê ''''eded''' mes-pare 'ilmê Layezal.|[[w:Mela Hisênê Bateyî]]}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[aded]]
* [[edad]]
==== Bide ber ====
* [[edet]]
* [[ebed]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{deyn|ar|ku|عَدَد}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Menge}}, {{W|de|Quantität}}, {{W|de|Quantum}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|величина}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|množství}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|كمية|f}}, {{W|ar|مقدار|m}}, {{W|ar|عدد|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|kvanto}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|کمیت}}, {{W+|fa|چندی}}, {{W+|fa|مقدار}}, {{W+|fa|عادت}}, {{W+|fa|شماره}}, {{W+|fa|عدد|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|mongd}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|määrä}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|quantité}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|hoeveelheid}}, {{W+|nl|kwantiteit}}, {{W+|nl|boel}}, {{W+|nl|grootheid}}, {{W+|nl|sterkte}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|quanteso}}, {{W+|io|quanto}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|quantity}}, {{W+|en|amount}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W|ja|量|tr=ryō}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|quantitat}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W|ko|양|R=yang}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|jumlah}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|összeg}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|beløp}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W+|pap|kantidat}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|quantidade}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|număr}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W|ru|величина|f}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|cantidad}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|каммият}}, {{W+|tg|чандӣ}}, {{W+|tg|бузургӣ}}, {{W+|tg|миқдор}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|halagá}}, {{W+|tl|kabuuán}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|nicelik}}, {{W+|tr|bolluk}}, {{W+|tr|adet}}, {{W+|tr|sayı}}, {{W+|tr|kemmiyet}}, {{W+|tr|kantite}}, {{W+|tr|kemiyet}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W|el|ποσότητα|f}}
{{werger-bin}}
3d8ups9g8lfvmyb1brke4muevdmh6dz
gemişîn
0
56639
6234263
6138276
2026-05-08T03:55:29Z
Ghybu
1393
/* {{ziman|ku}} */
6234263
wikitext
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|gemişîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=gemiş}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# Di çarçoveya rêzikên vê wezîşê de; têkoşîn û hewildan bi rêya taktîk û hêza dest û milan bi armanca [[avêtin]]a [[erd]]ê ya rikeberê xwe. Yan jî bi armanca [[danîn]]a [[pişt]]a rikeberê xwe bo ser [[erd]]ê yan jî [[zemîn]]ê ji bo demeke kin.
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Tewîn ====
: [[-gemiş-]]
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|گهمشین}}
==== Têkildar ====
* [[qebû kirin]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W|en|wrestle}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|güreşmek}}, {{W|tr|bayılmak}}, {{W|tr|bayılma}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|gemişîn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêwate}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
0pqr8h46fcy2xqka2wftdhzesgvmmx7
Şablon:ceribandin
10
59112
6234227
6114653
2026-05-08T01:26:44Z
Ghybu
1393
6234227
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=IndPresent.s1}}</onlyinclude><!--
-->{{documentation}}
4a1mfpa798abfihuli5629fy3ewe526
6234229
6234227
2026-05-08T01:32:14Z
Ghybu
1393
6234229
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=IndPresent}}</onlyinclude><!--
-->{{documentation}}
09zaegdz123zga5uhjryp9y0r35kyp5
6234230
6234229
2026-05-08T01:34:55Z
Ghybu
1393
6234230
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent}}</onlyinclude><!--
-->{{documentation}}
nm71a1vnb1zqiwiq5ii9zpakzkvvkfd
6234232
6234230
2026-05-08T02:10:38Z
Ghybu
1393
6234232
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent.s1}}</onlyinclude><!--
-->{{documentation}}
1q19ogrr2f1b6kzescvqicpi9n29623
6234233
6234232
2026-05-08T02:15:55Z
Ghybu
1393
6234233
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent}}</onlyinclude><!--
-->{{documentation}}
nm71a1vnb1zqiwiq5ii9zpakzkvvkfd
6234234
6234233
2026-05-08T02:22:24Z
Ghybu
1393
6234234
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}</onlyinclude><!--
-->{{documentation}}
3kpjkhwa4x6ozkhj0sm6nwbz4afoj17
Bikarhêner:Ghybu/tewîn
2
60456
6234189
2928973
2026-05-07T12:47:20Z
Ghybu
1393
6234189
wikitext
text/x-wiki
* (ê) [[pêjan]], [[veşarin]] (ez ê ve(<s>bi</s>)şêrim/vesêrim/vêşêrim), [[ristin]] (ez ê birêsim); (i) rûniştin (ez ê rûnim/ne ez rû(bi)nim) -(bi)-->tew-bi (?)
* [[karîn]] na -->ni ---> tew-niha-na
* [[anîn]] d --> t ---> tew-di
* ([[karîn]]) [[kenîn]], [[şewitîn]], [[revîn]] (?) -î --> -iyam -->tew-iya
* (bi) [[anîn]], [[ajotin]]
* Not: (tu divêy'''î''' / diwêy'''î''') -- >> (tu divêy / diwêy) (?)
*: fermanî: çêbike -->> çêke (bo peyvên pêkhatî "bi" na tê bikaranîn) (?)
* herrîn (ez '''t'''errim)
* Keniyan: IndPreterite (tu kenî / '''keniyayî''') = IndPerfect (tu keniyî / '''keniyayî''') (?)
* Axivîn (Imperfect): ez diaxivîm / <s>ez diaxiviyam</s>
----
* [[Tewandin:dahtin]]: Dayê/n ne Daê/n
:: Keyomerd: ''raweya fermanî ya yekjimar divê dayê ya pirjimar jî divê dayên be''
* [[Tewandin:hatin]] / [[Tewandin:çûn]]
* [[Tewandin:gotin]] / [[Tewandin:çerîn]]
:@Ferhengvan: Ew baş in lê ne tam li gor pêwîstiya tabloyeke ji "hatin" û yeke ji "çûn"ê re ne. Rehê "gotin"ê li gor devokan "-bêj-, -bê-, -vê-, -wê-" ye. Lê "hatin" û "çûn"ê di deman devokê de û heta di zimanê standard de jî rehên cuda bo raweyên cuda hene. Bo nimûne:
::fermanî, erênî: -her-: here, herin!
::îndîkatîv û subjunktîv (di hin devokan de): -ç-: di-ç-im, bi-ç-im, ne-ç-im
::îndîkatîva erênî dema niha di hin devokan de: -er- (bi pêşgira "t-"): t-er-im, t-er-î, t-er-e, t-er-in
::subjunktîva erênî û îndîkatîva dema bêt: -her-: ku ez her-im, eger tu her-î, bila ew her-in
::îndîkatîvî neyînî û sunjunktîva neyînî di hin devokan de: -r-: na-r-im, na-r-î, na-r-e, na-r-in, n-er-im, ne-r-î, ne-r-e, ne-r-in-
* [[Tewandin:jîn]]: [[Gotûbêja tewandinê:jîn]]
* [[Tewandin:danîn]]: [//ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Tewandin:dan%C3%AEn&diff=3961743&oldid=3847493 raweya fermanî yekjimar ne rast e, divê bibe deyîne]
quxt7ksvjvurcm8hmyye2l13smhhbwj
6234190
6234189
2026-05-07T12:48:00Z
Ghybu
1393
6234190
wikitext
text/x-wiki
* (ê) [[pêjan]], [[veşarin]] (ez ê ve(<s>bi</s>)şêrim/vesêrim/vêşêrim), [[ristin]] (ez ê birêsim); (i) rûniştin (ez ê rûnim/ne ez rû(bi)nim) -(bi)-->tew-bi (?)
* [[karîn]] na -->ni ---> tew-niha-na
* [[anîn]] d --> t ---> tew-di
* ([[karîn]]) [[kenîn]], [[şewitîn]], [[revîn]] (?) -î --> -iyam -->tew-iya
* (bi) [[anîn]], [[ajotin]]
* Not: (tu divêy'''î''' / diwêy'''î''') -- >> (tu divêy / diwêy) (?)
*: fermanî: çêbike -->> çêke (bo peyvên pêkhatî "bi" na tê bikaranîn) (?)
* herrîn (ez '''t'''errim)
* Keniyan: IndPreterite (tu kenî / '''keniyayî''') = IndPerfect (tu keniyî / '''keniyayî''') (?)
* Axivîn (Imperfect): ez diaxivîm / <s>ez diaxiviyam</s>
----
* [[Tewandin:dahatin]]: Dayê/n ne Daê/n
:: Keyomerd: ''raweya fermanî ya yekjimar divê dayê ya pirjimar jî divê dayên be''
* [[Tewandin:hatin]] / [[Tewandin:çûn]]
* [[Tewandin:gotin]] / [[Tewandin:çerîn]]
:@Ferhengvan: Ew baş in lê ne tam li gor pêwîstiya tabloyeke ji "hatin" û yeke ji "çûn"ê re ne. Rehê "gotin"ê li gor devokan "-bêj-, -bê-, -vê-, -wê-" ye. Lê "hatin" û "çûn"ê di deman devokê de û heta di zimanê standard de jî rehên cuda bo raweyên cuda hene. Bo nimûne:
::fermanî, erênî: -her-: here, herin!
::îndîkatîv û subjunktîv (di hin devokan de): -ç-: di-ç-im, bi-ç-im, ne-ç-im
::îndîkatîva erênî dema niha di hin devokan de: -er- (bi pêşgira "t-"): t-er-im, t-er-î, t-er-e, t-er-in
::subjunktîva erênî û îndîkatîva dema bêt: -her-: ku ez her-im, eger tu her-î, bila ew her-in
::îndîkatîvî neyînî û sunjunktîva neyînî di hin devokan de: -r-: na-r-im, na-r-î, na-r-e, na-r-in, n-er-im, ne-r-î, ne-r-e, ne-r-in-
* [[Tewandin:jîn]]: [[Gotûbêja tewandinê:jîn]]
* [[Tewandin:danîn]]: [//ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Tewandin:dan%C3%AEn&diff=3961743&oldid=3847493 raweya fermanî yekjimar ne rast e, divê bibe deyîne]
lupwtw1ispcd6jcjrn7tng8x0akvpfi
گاییدن
0
61781
6234270
5046011
2026-05-08T04:19:02Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234270
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|fa}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
: {{ku-tîp|gayîden}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|fa|tr=gâyidan}}
# [[gan]], [[tê nan]], [[tê kirin]], [[seks]] pê re kirin
# [[nayîn]], [[niyan]], [[radan]], [[sing di ber de kutan]], [[sing di ber de kutan]]
==== Herwiha ====
* {{g|fa|گائیدن|tr=gaîden}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{g|fa|بکنبکن|tr=bukun bukun}}
* {{g|fa|سپوختن|tr=supûxten}}
08m3sw1hlesayyfsfh32kpngbooarpv
dûvedirêj
0
179091
6234276
6065117
2026-05-08T10:34:24Z
~2026-27926-02
14920
Werger: +swêdî : [[långvarig]]; +swêdî : [[långsiktig]] (bi alîkarî)
6234276
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{kîte|ku|dû|ve|di|rêj}}
=== Hoker ===
{{hoker|ku}}
# tiştê ku di demeke dereng û nenêzîk de diqede
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Hefteyek destûr xwestibû ji zankoya xwe, çûbû gundê xwe, welatê xwe, piştî serpêhatiyeke '''dûvedirêj''', ku têra ne hefteyekê, salekê nake, vegeriyabû Parîsê dîsa.|{{Jêgirtin/Mîran Janbar/Qolyeya Cecileê|r=42}}}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|دم دراز|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|long-term}}, {{W|en|longlasting}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|långvarig}}, {{W+|sv|långsiktig}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|uzun uzadıya}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Rengdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-rd|dûvedirêj}}
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# [[sewal]]a ku [[boçik]]a wê [[dirêj]] e
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W-|tr|uzun kuyruklu}}
{{werger-bin}}
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عدد
0
255398
6234220
6049064
2026-05-07T23:02:40Z
Ghybu
1393
/* {{ziman|ar}} */
6234220
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ar}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|ar|Ar-عدد.ogg|Deng}}
* {{deng|ar|LL-Q13955 (ara)-Spotless Mind1988-عدد.wav|Deng|dever=Batna, Cezayir}}
* {{deng|ar|LL-Q13955 (ara)-Nehaoua-عدد.wav|Deng|dever=}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ar|عَدَد|z=n}}
# [[jimar]], [[eded]], [[heb]]
== {{ziman|fa}} ==
=== Mane ===
# [[jimar]], [[eded]], [[heb]]
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|fa|Fa-عدد.ogg|Deng}}
* {{deng|fa|LL-Q9168 (fas)-Mazanin (مازنین)-عدد.wav|Deng|dever=Îran}}
== {{ziman|ota}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ota|tr=aded}}
# [[hejmar#ku|hejmar]], [[jimare#ku|jimare]], [[reqem#ku|reqem]], [[nimre#ku|nimre]]
== {{ziman|ps}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ps|tr=adád|z=n}}
# [[hejmar#ku|hejmar]], [[jimare#ku|jimare]], [[reqem#ku|reqem]], [[nimre#ku|nimre]]
== {{ziman|ur}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ur|tr='adad}}
# [[hejmar#ku|hejmar]], [[jimare#ku|jimare]], [[reqem#ku|reqem]], [[nimre#ku|nimre]]
my3g0vp2cvtrkxc2dx86mthu4oyjnev
6234221
6234220
2026-05-07T23:05:42Z
Ghybu
1393
6234221
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ar}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|ar|Ar-عدد.ogg|Deng}}
* {{deng|ar|LL-Q13955 (ara)-Spotless Mind1988-عدد.wav|Deng|dever=Batna, Cezayir}}
* {{deng|ar|LL-Q13955 (ara)-Nehaoua-عدد.wav|Deng|dever=}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ar|عَدَد|z=n}}
# [[jimar]], [[eded]], [[heb]]
#: {{hevmane|ar|رَقْم}}
== {{ziman|fa}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|fa|Fa-عدد.ogg|Deng}}
* {{deng|fa|LL-Q9168 (fas)-Mazanin (مازنین)-عدد.wav|Deng|dever=Îran}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|fa|tr=adad}}
# [[jimar]], [[eded]], [[heb]]
== {{ziman|ota}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ota|tr=aded}}
# [[hejmar#ku|hejmar]], [[jimare#ku|jimare]], [[reqem#ku|reqem]], [[nimre#ku|nimre]]
== {{ziman|ps}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ps|tr=adád|z=n}}
# [[hejmar#ku|hejmar]], [[jimare#ku|jimare]], [[reqem#ku|reqem]], [[nimre#ku|nimre]]
== {{ziman|ur}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ur|tr='adad}}
# [[hejmar#ku|hejmar]], [[jimare#ku|jimare]], [[reqem#ku|reqem]], [[nimre#ku|nimre]]
iqt3qc98qrk7cjhigjkt49b87yu9ls3
rewtin
0
341846
6234246
6125755
2026-05-08T02:59:25Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234246
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-rewtin.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=}}
# [[çûn]], [[herîn]], [[royîştin]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
h5fv85jtgwslk11x8ldbb9b96crny10
6234247
6234246
2026-05-08T03:01:22Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Werger */
6234247
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-rewtin.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=}}
# [[çûn]], [[herîn]], [[royîştin]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|rewtin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
i8bqd87ss82m3ba4c3f2ypjrarba1lx
نهادن
0
442080
6234268
5056326
2026-05-08T04:14:12Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234268
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|fa}} ==
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|fa|tr=nehâdan|niha=نه|nihatr=-neh-}}
# [[danîn]]
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Şablon:ku-tewandin
10
608995
6234218
6078024
2026-05-07T22:27:08Z
Ghybu
1393
6234218
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<templatestyles src="ku-tewandin/style.css"/><includeonly><!--
-->{{vegere|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}}}<!--
=============== TABLO =================-->
{{#invoke:ku-tewandin/tablo|tablo}}<!--
=============== BINÊRE ================-->
{{#ifeq:{{{beşa_binêre|}}}|<!-- Beşa "Binêre" nayê nivîsandin -->|
{{#ifeq:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Tewandin:lêkerên hevedudanî yên {{navê zimanî|ku}} li gel "{{{1}}}"}}{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Tewandin:lêkerên pêkhatî yên {{navê zimanî|ku}} li gel "{{{1}}}"}}|00||
== Binêre ==
}}
{{#ifeq:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Tewandin:lêkerên hevedudanî yên {{navê zimanî|ku}} li gel "{{{1}}}"}}|0||
* [[:Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên hevedudanî yên {{navê zimanî|ku}} li gel "{{{1}}}"|Tewandin:lêkerên '''hevedudanî''' yên {{navê zimanî|ku}} li gel "'''{{{1}}}'''"]]
}}
{{#ifeq:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Tewandin:lêkerên pêkhatî yên {{navê zimanî|ku}} li gel "{{{1}}}"}}|0||
* [[:Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên pêkhatî yên {{navê zimanî|ku}} li gel "{{{1}}}"|Tewandin:lêkerên '''pêkhatî''' yên {{navê zimanî|ku}} li gel "'''{{{1}}}'''"]]
}}
}}<!--
=======================================
KATEGORÎ
=======================================
-->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêker ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]<!--
-->{{#switch:{{{form}}}{{#if:{{{pêşgir|}}}|-pêşgir}}{{#if:{{{valahî|}}}|-valahî}}
|gerguhêz=
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên xwerû ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên gerguhêz ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên xwerû yên gerguhêz ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
|negerguhêz=
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên xwerû ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên negerguhêz ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên xwerû yên negerguhêz ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
|gerguhêz-pêşgir=
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên pêkhatî ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên gerguhêz ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên pêkhatî yên gerguhêz ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên pêkhatî yên {{navê zimanî|ku}} li gel "{{str rep|{{{1}}}|{{{pêşgir}}}|}}"]]
|negerguhêz-pêşgir=
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên pêkhatî ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên negerguhêz ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên pêkhatî yên negerguhêz ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên pêkhatî yên {{navê zimanî|ku}} li gel "{{str rep|{{{1}}}|{{{pêşgir}}}|}}"]]
|gerguhêz-pêşgir-valahî=
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên hevedudanî ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên gerguhêz ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên hevedudanî yên gerguhêz ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên hevedudanî yên {{navê zimanî|ku}} li gel "{{str rep|{{{1}}}|{{{pêşgir}}} |}}"]]
|negerguhêz-pêşgir-valahî=
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên hevedudanî ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên negerguhêz ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên hevedudanî yên negerguhêz ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
<!---->[[Kategorî:Tewandin:lêkerên hevedudanî yên {{navê zimanî|ku}} li gel "{{str rep|{{{1}}}|{{{pêşgir}}} |}}"]]
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{belgekirin}}
</noinclude>
l7b7f99zxivmpps02qe3vk940h0o7wv
hilspartin
0
609002
6234264
6153050
2026-05-08T03:56:03Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6234264
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk-niha|hilspartin|form=gerguhêz|niha=spêr|pêşgir=hil}}
{{lêker|ku|c=p-gh}}
# tiştek [[pal]] dan jora tiştekî, tiştek dan ber rasera tiştekî.
# Xwe spartin jora tiştekî
==== Herwiha ====
* [[helsipartin]]
* [[helspartin]]
* [[hilsipartin]]
==== Tewîn ====
''Lêker'':
:hil-spêr-
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|dayamak}}, {{W+|tr|dayandırma}}, {{W+|tr|dayandırmak}}, {{W+|tr|isnat etmek}}, {{W+|tr|istinat etmek}}, {{W+|tr|yaslama}}, {{W+|tr|yaslamak}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|hilspartin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêwate}}
#: {{bêmînak}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
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Şablon:ku-tewîn-lk
10
612381
6234194
6077586
2026-05-07T13:34:03Z
Ghybu
1393
modul
6234194
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<templatestyles src="Şablon:ku-tewîn-nav/style.css"/>
<includeonly>{{#invoke:ku-tewandin/tew/ceribandin|tew}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{belgekirin}}
</noinclude>
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6234214
6234194
2026-05-07T21:11:50Z
Ghybu
1393
6234214
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<templatestyles src="Şablon:ku-tewîn-nav/style.css"/>
<includeonly>{{#invoke:ku-tewandin/tabloGotar|tew}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{belgekirin}}
</noinclude>
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Şablon:ku-tewîn-lk/belge
10
612382
6234195
6076718
2026-05-07T13:36:03Z
Ghybu
1393
6234195
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Lua bikartîne|Modul:ku-tewandin|Modul:ku-tewandin/tabloGotar}}
{{TemplateStyles|Şablon:ku-tewîn-nav/style.css}}
{{agahdarî}} {{bilezkirî}}
== Bikaranîn ==
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
→ Lêkerên xwerû:
{{ku-tewîn-lk|lêker|form=gerguhêz/negerguhêz|niha=|niha2=|niha3=|borî=|borî2=}}
→ Lêkerên pêkhatî:
{{ku-tewîn-lk|lêker|form=gerguhêz/negerguhêz|pêşgir=|paşgir=|niha=|niha2=|niha3=|borî=|borî2=}}
→ Lêkerên hevedudanî:
{{ku-tewîn-lk|lêker|form=gerguhêz/negerguhêz|pêşgir=|paşgir=|valahî=erê|niha=|niha2=|niha3=|borî=|borî2=}}
</syntaxhighlight>
=== Parametre ===
* {{param2|form}} "<u>gerguhêz</u>" an "<u>negerguhêz</u>"
* {{param2|niha}} rehê dema niha ('''mînak''': {{param2|niha|kev}} bo lêkerên ''ketin'', ''raketin'', ''lê_ketin'', ...)
* {{param2|borî}} rehê dema borî ('''mînak''': {{param2|borî|ket}} bo lêkerên ''ketin'', ''raketin'', ''lê_ketin'', ...)
* {{param2|pêşgir}} bo lêkerên [[pêkhatî]] û [[hevedudanî]] ('''mînak''': ''{{reng2|blue|ra}}kirin'' {{param2|pêşgir|ra}}, ''{{reng2|blue|bang}} kirin'' {{param2|pêşgir|bang}}, ''{{reng2|blue|lê}} gerîn'' ({{param2|pêşgir|jê}}, ...)
** {{param2|valahî|erê}} bo lêkerên [[hevedudanî]] ('''mînak''': ''{{reng2|blue|bang}} kirin'', ''{{reng2|blue|lê}} gerîn'', ...)
* {{param2|paşgir}} bo lêkerên [[hevedudanî]] ('''mînak''': ''[[dan dû]]'', ''[[girtin ser xwe]]'')
;Parametre bo pêşgirên {{nobold|(''bi-/di-/na-/ne-'')}} ku ne standard in
* {{param2|bi}}, {{param2|di}}, {{param2|na}}, {{param2|ne}}
: → ''Mînak ([[Tewandin:emilîn]])'':
:<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>
{{ku-tewîn-lk|emilîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=emil|borî=emilî|bi=bi|na=na|ne=ne}}
</syntaxhighlight>
== Mînak ==
:→ [[Şablon:ku-tewandin#Mînak]] (şûnda <nowiki>{{</nowiki>'''ku-tewandin'''| → <nowiki>{{</nowiki>'''ku-tewîn-lk'''| binivîsin)
* Lêkera pêkhatî ({{g|ku|raketin}} = {{reng2|blue|ra}} + ketin):
:<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>
{{ku-tewîn-lk|raketin|form=negerguhêz|pêşgir=ra|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
</syntaxhighlight>
<div style="float:left">
{{ku-tewîn-lk|raketin|form=negerguhêz|pêşgir=ra|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
</div>
{{bend}}
== Binêre ==
* {{şl|ku-tewandin}}
* {{şl|ku-tewîn-reh}}
* {{şl|tewandin}}
* {{şl|ku-tewîn-nav}}
* {{şl|ku-tewîn-rd}}
* [[:Kategorî:Tewandin:lêker ({{navê zimanî|ku}})]]
== TemplateData ==
<templatedata>
{
"description": "Şablona tewandinên lêkerên kurmancî",
"params": {
"1": {
"label": "Navê lêkerê",
"type": "string",
"required": true,
"autovalue": "{{subst:PAGENAME}}"
},
"form": {
"label": "Cure",
"example": "\"gerguhêz\" an jî \"negerguhêz\"",
"type": "string",
"required": true,
"suggestedvalues": [
"gerguhêz",
"negerguhêz"
]
},
"pêşgir": {
"label": "Pêşgir",
"example": "bo lêkerên pêkhatî û hevedudanî: raketin = 'ra' + 'ketin' (pêşgir = 'ra')",
"type": "string"
},
"valahî": {
"label": "Valahî",
"example": "erê (bo lêkerên hevedudanî: bang_kirin, jê_birin)",
"type": "string"
},
"niha": {
"label": "rehê dema niha",
"type": "string",
"example": " 'kev' bo lêkerên 'ketin', 'rakatin', 'lê_ketin'",
"required": true
},
"niha2": {
"label": "rehê dema niha 2"
},
"niha3": {
"label": "rehê dema niha 3"
},
"borî": {
"label": "rehê dema borî",
"example": " 'ket' bo lêkerên 'ketin', 'rakatin', 'lê_ketin'",
"required": true
},
"borî2": {
"label": "rehê dema borî 2"
}
}
}
</templatedata>
<includeonly>
[[Kategorî:Şablonên lêkeran ({{navê zimanî|ku}})| ]]
</includeonly>
fsn7uhgrdm5c1wu4nt49t33mj0huo5g
Modul:ku-tewandin
828
628614
6234192
6229945
2026-05-07T13:31:31Z
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6234192
Scribunto
text/plain
-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî
local export = {}
-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy")
local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy")
-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"}
export.pronouns = {
s1 = "ez", p1 = "em",
s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn",
s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew"
}
export.obliquePronouns = {
s1 = "min", p1 = "me",
s2 = "te", p2 = "we",
s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan"
}
-- Oblique pronoun (green)
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>',
s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>',
s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>',
p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>',
p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>',
p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>'
}
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
-- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
-- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)"
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)
-- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
-- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
-- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
-- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
-- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ...
if isErgative then
pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
end
-- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning.
if mode == 'subjunctive' then
subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>'
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
end
end
return pronouns
end
-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
-- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
-- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ...
-- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
-- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ...
-- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
-- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
-- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ...
-- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ...
-- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )
-- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'
-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbType(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
local type
if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
type = 'preverbVerb'
elseif isCompoundVerb then
type = 'compoundVerb'
else
type = 'simpleVerb'
end
return type
end
-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}
do
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ending using present stem
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
-- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
else
ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
end
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn"
-- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
-- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and
-- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma".
-- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
local function normalize_i(stem)
local prfx_i = "i"
if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or
mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
prfx_i = ""
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
prfx_i = "yi"
end
return prfx_i
end
getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin"
}
end
getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn"
}
end
getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne"
}
end
getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna"
}
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. perfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"}
else
ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Subj. Imperfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
ends = {s1="yama", s2="yayî", s3="yaya", p1="yana", p2="yana", p3="yana"}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
else
ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"}
end
return ends
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-"
-- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}
do
getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local verbType = opts.verbType
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
-- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
-- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
if (verbType == 'preverbVerb') then
return ''
end
if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
return 'b'
end
return 'bi'
end
getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
return 'd'
end
-- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
return 't'
end
return 'di'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-"
-- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}
do
getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>nay</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
return '<b>n</b>'
end
-- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
return '<b>ni</b>'
end
return '<b>na</b>'
end
getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local tenseName = opts.tenseName
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
local negPrefix = 'ne'
-- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
-- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-".
if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
if not preverbParticle then
return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
end
if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')
-- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê".
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
if isErgative then
return {s1='ê', s2='yê', s3='yê', p1='yê', p2='yê', p3='ê'}
else
return {s1='ê', s2='yê', s3='ê', p1='ê', p2='ê', p3='ê'}
end
end
-- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
-- we create a table with the same value.
local preverbParticles = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
end
return preverbParticles
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
-- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before
-- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
-- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well.
-- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
-- the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
-- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di").
-- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem)
-- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem),
-- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem)
-- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na),
-- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne),
-- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNCPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne),
-- "subPreterite"(-)(ne),
-- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne),
-- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local commonRules = {
indFuture = {
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['present']
},
indFuturePerfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibim']
},
subImperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ama']
},
subPluperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûma']
}
}
local mt = {
__index = function(t, k)
local common = t._common
if common then return common[k] end
end
}
-- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE
export.tenseClassification = {
-- IMPERATIVE MOOD
impPresent = setmetatable({
name = "impPresent",
nameKu = "raweya fermanî",
nameEn = "present imperative",
mode = "imperative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- INDICATIVE MOOD
indPresent = {
name = "indPresent",
nameKu = "dema niha",
nameEn = "present",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'],
endings = getEndings['present'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPreterite = {
name = "indPreterite",
nameKu = "raboriya sade",
nameEn = "simple past",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indImperfect = {
name = "indImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya berdest",
nameEn = "Imperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPluperfect = {
name = "indPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr",
nameEn = "pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûm'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indFuture = setmetatable({
name = "indFuture",
nameKu = "dema bê",
nameEn = "future",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
name = "indFuturePerfect",
nameKu = "dahatiya pêş",
nameEn = "future perfect",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
-- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses
-- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî").
-- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
indPerfect = {
name = "indPerfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûdar",
nameEn = "perfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ime'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indNCPluperfect = {
name = "indNCPluperfect",
nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar",
nameEn = "nonconfirmative pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûme'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
-- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
subPresent = setmetatable({
name = "subPresent",
nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî",
nameEn = "present subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
subPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "subPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî",
nameEn = "preterite subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subImperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê",
nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subPluperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê",
nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- CONDITIONAL MOOD
condPresent = setmetatable({
name = "condPresent",
nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî",
nameEn = "present conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
condPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "condPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya mercî",
nameEn = "preterite conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
}
-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
opts = opts or {}
-- Required parameters
local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2)
--One of the two parameters is required:
-- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem".
-- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem".
local presentStem = opts.presentStem
local pastStem = opts.pastStem
-- Optional parameters
local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb
local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb
-- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
-- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-")
-- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-")
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil
-- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"".
-- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2".
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil
-- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if (not infoTense) then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
-- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>'
elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>'
end
-- Choice between the present stem or past stem
local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem
--────────────────────────────
-- Conjugation construction --
-- ───────────────────────────
local preverb = ''
local negPrefix = ''
-- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb"
local verbType = export.verbType(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
if isNegative then
negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
impNegForm=impNegForm,
overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
if infoTense.negPreverb then
preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbType=verbType,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
else
if infoTense.preverb then
preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbType=verbType,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
end
infoTense.conj = {}
local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')
-- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local ending = ''
local conjSimbleVerb = ''
local conjVerb = ''
if isErgative then
ending = endings.s3
else
ending = endings[pers]
end
-- Adding space after the preverbal particle
local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
if preverbParticle ~= '' then
preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
end
conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending
-- Adding prefixe and suffixe
conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
-- Spelling correction(îy -> iy)
conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
-- Add a link
conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
-- Addition of the preverbal particle
infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
end
-- Imperative
if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
--infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
end
return infoTense
end
-- =============================================================================
-- END
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/"
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
opts.tense = tense or nil
local presentStems = presentStems or {}
local pastStems = pastStems or {}
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if not infoTense then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
-- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
local conjTabs = {}
for i = 1, #stems do
if stems[i] then
if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end
local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
end
end
-- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
local concatConjTabs = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local frag = {}
for i = 1, #conjTabs do
local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
end
concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ")
end
infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
return infoTense
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
local function concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
local concatTab = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
end
return concatTab
end
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
local tenseList = {}
for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do
table.insert(tenseList, tense.name)
end
-- Conjugation in all tenses
tab = {}
for _, tense in ipairs(tenseList) do
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy')
tab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
-- No pronoun for the imperative mood
if tense ~= 'impPresent' then
local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
tab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, tab[tense].conj)
end
end
return tab
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local opts = {
presentStem = frame.args['niha'],
pastStem = frame.args['borî'],
isTransitive = false,
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil,
}
local function removeTags(tag)
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2')
return tag
end
local function concateList(tenseList)
local concatList = {}
for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do
tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
table.insert(concatList, tense)
end
return table.concat(concatList, ",")
end
local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNCPluperfect',
'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
'subImperfect','subPluperfect'
}
local concatAllTense = {}
for i = 1, #tenseList do
local tense = tenseList[i]
if export.tenseClassification[tense] then
opts.tense = tense
local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
local concatTense = concateList(conj)
table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
end
end
return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",")
end
return export
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-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî
local export = {}
-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy")
local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy")
-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"}
export.pronouns = {
s1 = "ez", p1 = "em",
s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn",
s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew"
}
export.obliquePronouns = {
s1 = "min", p1 = "me",
s2 = "te", p2 = "we",
s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan"
}
-- Oblique pronoun (green)
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>',
s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>',
s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>',
p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>',
p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>',
p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>'
}
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
-- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
-- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)"
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)
-- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
-- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
-- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
-- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
-- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ...
if isErgative then
pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
end
-- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning.
if mode == 'subjunctive' then
subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>'
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
end
end
return pronouns
end
-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
-- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
-- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ...
-- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
-- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ...
-- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
-- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
-- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ...
-- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ...
-- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )
-- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'
-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbType(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
local type
if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
type = 'preverbVerb'
elseif isCompoundVerb then
type = 'compoundVerb'
else
type = 'simpleVerb'
end
return type
end
-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}
do
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ending using present stem
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
-- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
-- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
-- end
ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn"
-- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
-- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and
-- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma".
-- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
local function normalize_i(stem)
local prfx_i = "i"
if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or
mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
prfx_i = ""
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
prfx_i = "yi"
end
return prfx_i
end
getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin"
}
end
getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn"
}
end
getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne"
}
end
getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna"
}
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. perfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"}
else
ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Subj. Imperfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
ends = {s1="yama", s2="yayî", s3="yaya", p1="yana", p2="yana", p3="yana"}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
else
ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"}
end
return ends
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-"
-- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}
do
getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local verbType = opts.verbType
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
-- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
-- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
if (verbType == 'preverbVerb') then
return ''
end
if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
return 'b'
end
return 'bi'
end
getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
return 'd'
end
-- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
return 't'
end
return 'di'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-"
-- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}
do
getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>nay</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
return '<b>n</b>'
end
-- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
return '<b>ni</b>'
end
return '<b>na</b>'
end
getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local tenseName = opts.tenseName
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
local negPrefix = 'ne'
-- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
-- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-".
if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
if not preverbParticle then
return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
end
if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')
-- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê".
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
if isErgative then
return {s1='ê', s2='yê', s3='yê', p1='yê', p2='yê', p3='ê'}
else
return {s1='ê', s2='yê', s3='ê', p1='ê', p2='ê', p3='ê'}
end
end
-- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
-- we create a table with the same value.
local preverbParticles = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
end
return preverbParticles
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
-- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before
-- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
-- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well.
-- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
-- the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
-- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di").
-- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem)
-- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem),
-- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem)
-- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na),
-- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne),
-- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNCPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne),
-- "subPreterite"(-)(ne),
-- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne),
-- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local commonRules = {
indFuture = {
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['present']
},
indFuturePerfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibim']
},
subImperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ama']
},
subPluperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûma']
}
}
local mt = {
__index = function(t, k)
local common = t._common
if common then return common[k] end
end
}
-- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE
export.tenseClassification = {
-- IMPERATIVE MOOD
impPresent = setmetatable({
name = "impPresent",
nameKu = "raweya fermanî",
nameEn = "present imperative",
mode = "imperative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- INDICATIVE MOOD
indPresent = {
name = "indPresent",
nameKu = "dema niha",
nameEn = "present",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'],
endings = getEndings['present'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPreterite = {
name = "indPreterite",
nameKu = "raboriya sade",
nameEn = "simple past",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indImperfect = {
name = "indImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya berdest",
nameEn = "Imperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPluperfect = {
name = "indPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr",
nameEn = "pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûm'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indFuture = setmetatable({
name = "indFuture",
nameKu = "dema bê",
nameEn = "future",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
name = "indFuturePerfect",
nameKu = "dahatiya pêş",
nameEn = "future perfect",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
-- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses
-- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî").
-- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
indPerfect = {
name = "indPerfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûdar",
nameEn = "perfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ime'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indNCPluperfect = {
name = "indNCPluperfect",
nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar",
nameEn = "nonconfirmative pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûme'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
-- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
subPresent = setmetatable({
name = "subPresent",
nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî",
nameEn = "present subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
subPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "subPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî",
nameEn = "preterite subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subImperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê",
nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subPluperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê",
nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- CONDITIONAL MOOD
condPresent = setmetatable({
name = "condPresent",
nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî",
nameEn = "present conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
condPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "condPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya mercî",
nameEn = "preterite conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
}
-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
opts = opts or {}
-- Required parameters
local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2)
--One of the two parameters is required:
-- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem".
-- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem".
local presentStem = opts.presentStem
local pastStem = opts.pastStem
-- Optional parameters
local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb
local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb
-- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
-- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-")
-- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-")
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil
-- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"".
-- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2".
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil
-- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if (not infoTense) then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
-- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>'
elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>'
end
-- Choice between the present stem or past stem
local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem
--────────────────────────────
-- Conjugation construction --
-- ───────────────────────────
local preverb = ''
local negPrefix = ''
-- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb"
local verbType = export.verbType(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
if isNegative then
negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
impNegForm=impNegForm,
overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
if infoTense.negPreverb then
preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbType=verbType,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
else
if infoTense.preverb then
preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbType=verbType,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
end
infoTense.conj = {}
local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')
-- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local ending = ''
local conjSimbleVerb = ''
local conjVerb = ''
if isErgative then
ending = endings.s3
else
ending = endings[pers]
end
-- Adding space after the preverbal particle
local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
if preverbParticle ~= '' then
preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
end
conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending
-- Adding prefixe and suffixe
conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
-- Spelling correction(îy -> iy)
conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
-- Add a link
conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
-- Addition of the preverbal particle
infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
end
-- Imperative
if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
--infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
end
return infoTense
end
-- =============================================================================
-- END
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/"
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
opts.tense = tense or nil
local presentStems = presentStems or {}
local pastStems = pastStems or {}
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if not infoTense then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
-- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
local conjTabs = {}
for i = 1, #stems do
if stems[i] then
if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end
local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
end
end
-- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
local concatConjTabs = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local frag = {}
for i = 1, #conjTabs do
local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
end
concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ")
end
infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
return infoTense
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
local function concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
local concatTab = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
end
return concatTab
end
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
local tenseList = {}
for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do
table.insert(tenseList, tense.name)
end
-- Conjugation in all tenses
tab = {}
for _, tense in ipairs(tenseList) do
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy')
tab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
-- No pronoun for the imperative mood
if tense ~= 'impPresent' then
local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
tab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, tab[tense].conj)
end
end
return tab
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local opts = {
presentStem = frame.args['niha'],
pastStem = frame.args['borî'],
isTransitive = false,
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil,
}
local function removeTags(tag)
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2')
return tag
end
local function concateList(tenseList)
local concatList = {}
for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do
tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
table.insert(concatList, tense)
end
return table.concat(concatList, ",")
end
local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNCPluperfect',
'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
'subImperfect','subPluperfect'
}
local concatAllTense = {}
for i = 1, #tenseList do
local tense = tenseList[i]
if export.tenseClassification[tense] then
opts.tense = tense
local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
local concatTense = concateList(conj)
table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
end
end
return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",")
end
return export
frbcu9bdkp8n9wc1sqbw19udqyyoki9
6234210
6234207
2026-05-07T20:54:39Z
Ghybu
1393
6234210
Scribunto
text/plain
-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî
local export = {}
-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy")
local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy")
-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"}
export.pronouns = {
s1 = "ez", p1 = "em",
s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn",
s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew"
}
export.obliquePronouns = {
s1 = "min", p1 = "me",
s2 = "te", p2 = "we",
s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan"
}
-- Oblique pronoun (green)
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>',
s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>',
s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>',
p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>',
p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>',
p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>'
}
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
-- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
-- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)"
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)
-- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
-- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
-- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
-- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
-- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ...
if isErgative then
pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
end
-- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning.
if mode == 'subjunctive' then
subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>'
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
end
end
return pronouns
end
-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
-- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
-- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ...
-- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
-- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ...
-- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
-- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
-- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ...
-- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ...
-- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )
-- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'
-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbType(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
local type
if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
type = 'preverbVerb'
elseif isCompoundVerb then
type = 'compoundVerb'
else
type = 'simpleVerb'
end
return type
end
-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}
do
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ending using present stem
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
-- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
-- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
-- end
ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn"
-- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
-- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and
-- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma".
-- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
local function normalize_i(stem)
local prfx_i = "i"
if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or
mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
prfx_i = ""
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
prfx_i = "yi"
end
return prfx_i
end
getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin"
}
end
getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn"
}
end
getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne"
}
end
getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna"
}
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. perfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"}
else
ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Subj. Imperfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
-- elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- ends = {s1="yama", s2="yayî", s3="yaya", p1="yana", p2="yana", p3="yana"}
else
ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"}
end
return ends
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-"
-- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}
do
getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local verbType = opts.verbType
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
-- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
-- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
if (verbType == 'preverbVerb') then
return ''
end
if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
return 'b'
end
return 'bi'
end
getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
return 'd'
end
-- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
return 't'
end
return 'di'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-"
-- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}
do
getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>nay</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
return '<b>n</b>'
end
-- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
return '<b>ni</b>'
end
return '<b>na</b>'
end
getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local tenseName = opts.tenseName
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
local negPrefix = 'ne'
-- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
-- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-".
if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
if not preverbParticle then
return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
end
if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')
-- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê".
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
if isErgative then
return {s1='ê', s2='yê', s3='yê', p1='yê', p2='yê', p3='ê'}
else
return {s1='ê', s2='yê', s3='ê', p1='ê', p2='ê', p3='ê'}
end
end
-- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
-- we create a table with the same value.
local preverbParticles = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
end
return preverbParticles
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
-- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before
-- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
-- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well.
-- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
-- the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
-- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di").
-- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem)
-- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem),
-- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem)
-- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na),
-- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne),
-- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNCPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne),
-- "subPreterite"(-)(ne),
-- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne),
-- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local commonRules = {
indFuture = {
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['present']
},
indFuturePerfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibim']
},
subImperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ama']
},
subPluperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûma']
}
}
local mt = {
__index = function(t, k)
local common = t._common
if common then return common[k] end
end
}
-- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE
export.tenseClassification = {
-- IMPERATIVE MOOD
impPresent = setmetatable({
name = "impPresent",
nameKu = "raweya fermanî",
nameEn = "present imperative",
mode = "imperative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- INDICATIVE MOOD
indPresent = {
name = "indPresent",
nameKu = "dema niha",
nameEn = "present",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'],
endings = getEndings['present'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPreterite = {
name = "indPreterite",
nameKu = "raboriya sade",
nameEn = "simple past",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indImperfect = {
name = "indImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya berdest",
nameEn = "Imperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPluperfect = {
name = "indPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr",
nameEn = "pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûm'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indFuture = setmetatable({
name = "indFuture",
nameKu = "dema bê",
nameEn = "future",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
name = "indFuturePerfect",
nameKu = "dahatiya pêş",
nameEn = "future perfect",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
-- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses
-- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî").
-- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
indPerfect = {
name = "indPerfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûdar",
nameEn = "perfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ime'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indNCPluperfect = {
name = "indNCPluperfect",
nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar",
nameEn = "nonconfirmative pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûme'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
-- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
subPresent = setmetatable({
name = "subPresent",
nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî",
nameEn = "present subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
subPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "subPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî",
nameEn = "preterite subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subImperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê",
nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subPluperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê",
nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- CONDITIONAL MOOD
condPresent = setmetatable({
name = "condPresent",
nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî",
nameEn = "present conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
condPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "condPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya mercî",
nameEn = "preterite conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
}
-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
opts = opts or {}
-- Required parameters
local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2)
--One of the two parameters is required:
-- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem".
-- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem".
local presentStem = opts.presentStem
local pastStem = opts.pastStem
-- Optional parameters
local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb
local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb
-- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
-- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-")
-- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-")
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil
-- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"".
-- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2".
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil
-- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if (not infoTense) then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
-- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>'
elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>'
end
-- Choice between the present stem or past stem
local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem
--────────────────────────────
-- Conjugation construction --
-- ───────────────────────────
local preverb = ''
local negPrefix = ''
-- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb"
local verbType = export.verbType(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
if isNegative then
negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
impNegForm=impNegForm,
overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
if infoTense.negPreverb then
preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbType=verbType,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
else
if infoTense.preverb then
preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbType=verbType,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
end
infoTense.conj = {}
local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')
-- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local ending = ''
local conjSimbleVerb = ''
local conjVerb = ''
if isErgative then
ending = endings.s3
else
ending = endings[pers]
end
-- Adding space after the preverbal particle
local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
if preverbParticle ~= '' then
preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
end
conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending
-- Adding prefixe and suffixe
conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
-- Spelling correction(îy -> iy)
conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
-- Add a link
conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
-- Addition of the preverbal particle
infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
end
-- Imperative
if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
--infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
end
return infoTense
end
-- =============================================================================
-- END
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/"
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
opts.tense = tense or nil
local presentStems = presentStems or {}
local pastStems = pastStems or {}
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if not infoTense then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
-- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
local conjTabs = {}
for i = 1, #stems do
if stems[i] then
if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end
local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
end
end
-- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
local concatConjTabs = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local frag = {}
for i = 1, #conjTabs do
local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
end
concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ")
end
infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
return infoTense
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
local function concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
local concatTab = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
end
return concatTab
end
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
local tenseList = {}
for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do
table.insert(tenseList, tense.name)
end
-- Conjugation in all tenses
tab = {}
for _, tense in ipairs(tenseList) do
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy')
tab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
-- No pronoun for the imperative mood
if tense ~= 'impPresent' then
local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
tab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, tab[tense].conj)
end
end
return tab
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local opts = {
presentStem = frame.args['niha'],
pastStem = frame.args['borî'],
isTransitive = false,
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil,
}
local function removeTags(tag)
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2')
return tag
end
local function concateList(tenseList)
local concatList = {}
for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do
tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
table.insert(concatList, tense)
end
return table.concat(concatList, ",")
end
local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNCPluperfect',
'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
'subImperfect','subPluperfect'
}
local concatAllTense = {}
for i = 1, #tenseList do
local tense = tenseList[i]
if export.tenseClassification[tense] then
opts.tense = tense
local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
local concatTense = concateList(conj)
table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
end
end
return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",")
end
return export
b42jswcvtoe0tmje7qbny8x24t4oewd
6234235
6234210
2026-05-08T02:26:23Z
Ghybu
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+ tew
6234235
Scribunto
text/plain
-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî
local export = {}
-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy")
local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy")
-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"}
export.pronouns = {
s1 = "ez", p1 = "em",
s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn",
s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew"
}
export.obliquePronouns = {
s1 = "min", p1 = "me",
s2 = "te", p2 = "we",
s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan"
}
-- Oblique pronoun (green)
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>',
s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>',
s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>',
p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>',
p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>',
p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>'
}
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
-- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
-- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)"
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)
-- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
-- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
-- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
-- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
-- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ...
if isErgative then
pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
end
-- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning.
if mode == 'subjunctive' then
subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>'
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
end
end
return pronouns
end
-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
-- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
-- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ...
-- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
-- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ...
-- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
-- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
-- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ...
-- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ...
-- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )
-- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'
-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbType(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
local type
if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
type = 'preverbVerb'
elseif isCompoundVerb then
type = 'compoundVerb'
else
type = 'simpleVerb'
end
return type
end
-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}
do
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ending using present stem
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
-- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
-- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
-- end
ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn"
-- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
-- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and
-- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma".
-- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
local function normalize_i(stem)
local prfx_i = "i"
if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or
mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
prfx_i = ""
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
prfx_i = "yi"
end
return prfx_i
end
getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin"
}
end
getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn"
}
end
getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne"
}
end
getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna"
}
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. perfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"}
else
ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Subj. Imperfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
-- elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- ends = {s1="yama", s2="yayî", s3="yaya", p1="yana", p2="yana", p3="yana"}
else
ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"}
end
return ends
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-"
-- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}
do
getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local verbType = opts.verbType
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
-- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
-- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
if (verbType == 'preverbVerb') then
return ''
end
if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
return 'b'
end
return 'bi'
end
getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
return 'd'
end
-- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
return 't'
end
return 'di'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-"
-- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}
do
getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>nay</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
return '<b>n</b>'
end
-- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
return '<b>ni</b>'
end
return '<b>na</b>'
end
getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local tenseName = opts.tenseName
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
local negPrefix = 'ne'
-- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
-- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-".
if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
if not preverbParticle then
return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
end
if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')
-- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê".
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
if isErgative then
return {s1='ê', s2='yê', s3='yê', p1='yê', p2='yê', p3='ê'}
else
return {s1='ê', s2='yê', s3='ê', p1='ê', p2='ê', p3='ê'}
end
end
-- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
-- we create a table with the same value.
local preverbParticles = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
end
return preverbParticles
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
-- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before
-- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
-- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well.
-- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
-- the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
-- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di").
-- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem)
-- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem),
-- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem)
-- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na),
-- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne),
-- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNCPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne),
-- "subPreterite"(-)(ne),
-- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne),
-- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local commonRules = {
indFuture = {
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['present']
},
indFuturePerfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibim']
},
subImperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ama']
},
subPluperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûma']
}
}
local mt = {
__index = function(t, k)
local common = t._common
if common then return common[k] end
end
}
-- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE
export.tenseClassification = {
-- IMPERATIVE MOOD
impPresent = setmetatable({
name = "impPresent",
nameKu = "raweya fermanî",
nameEn = "present imperative",
mode = "imperative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- INDICATIVE MOOD
indPresent = {
name = "indPresent",
nameKu = "dema niha",
nameEn = "present",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'],
endings = getEndings['present'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPreterite = {
name = "indPreterite",
nameKu = "raboriya sade",
nameEn = "simple past",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indImperfect = {
name = "indImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya berdest",
nameEn = "Imperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPluperfect = {
name = "indPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr",
nameEn = "pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûm'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indFuture = setmetatable({
name = "indFuture",
nameKu = "dema bê",
nameEn = "future",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
name = "indFuturePerfect",
nameKu = "dahatiya pêş",
nameEn = "future perfect",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
-- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses
-- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî").
-- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
indPerfect = {
name = "indPerfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûdar",
nameEn = "perfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ime'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indNCPluperfect = {
name = "indNCPluperfect",
nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar",
nameEn = "nonconfirmative pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûme'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
-- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
subPresent = setmetatable({
name = "subPresent",
nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî",
nameEn = "present subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
subPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "subPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî",
nameEn = "preterite subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subImperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê",
nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subPluperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê",
nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- CONDITIONAL MOOD
condPresent = setmetatable({
name = "condPresent",
nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî",
nameEn = "present conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
condPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "condPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya mercî",
nameEn = "preterite conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
}
-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
opts = opts or {}
-- Required parameters
local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2)
--One of the two parameters is required:
-- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem".
-- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem".
local presentStem = opts.presentStem
local pastStem = opts.pastStem
-- Optional parameters
local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb
local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb
-- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
-- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-")
-- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-")
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil
-- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"".
-- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2".
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil
-- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if (not infoTense) then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
-- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>'
elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>'
end
-- Choice between the present stem or past stem
local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem
--────────────────────────────
-- Conjugation construction --
-- ───────────────────────────
local preverb = ''
local negPrefix = ''
-- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb"
local verbType = export.verbType(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
if isNegative then
negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
impNegForm=impNegForm,
overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
if infoTense.negPreverb then
preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbType=verbType,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
else
if infoTense.preverb then
preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbType=verbType,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
end
infoTense.conj = {}
local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')
-- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local ending = ''
local conjSimbleVerb = ''
local conjVerb = ''
if isErgative then
ending = endings.s3
else
ending = endings[pers]
end
-- Adding space after the preverbal particle
local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
if preverbParticle ~= '' then
preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
end
conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending
-- Adding prefixe and suffixe
conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
-- Spelling correction(îy -> iy)
conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
-- Add a link
conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
-- Addition of the preverbal particle
infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
end
-- Imperative
if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
--infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
end
return infoTense
end
-- =============================================================================
-- END
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/"
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
opts.tense = tense or nil
local presentStems = presentStems or {}
local pastStems = pastStems or {}
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if not infoTense then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
-- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
local conjTabs = {}
for i = 1, #stems do
if stems[i] then
if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end
local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
end
end
-- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
local concatConjTabs = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local frag = {}
for i = 1, #conjTabs do
local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
end
concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ")
end
infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
return infoTense
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
local function concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
local concatTab = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
end
return concatTab
end
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
local tenseList = {}
for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do
table.insert(tenseList, tense.name)
end
-- Conjugation in all tenses
tab = {}
for _, tense in ipairs(tenseList) do
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy')
tab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
-- No pronoun for the imperative mood
if tense ~= 'impPresent' then
local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
tab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, tab[tense].conj)
end
end
return tab
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil
local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isNegative = true
end
local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
return tabConj[pers]
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local opts = {
presentStem = frame.args['niha'],
pastStem = frame.args['borî'],
isTransitive = false,
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil,
}
local function removeTags(tag)
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2')
return tag
end
local function concateList(tenseList)
local concatList = {}
for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do
tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
table.insert(concatList, tense)
end
return table.concat(concatList, ",")
end
local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNCPluperfect',
'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
'subImperfect','subPluperfect'
}
local concatAllTense = {}
for i = 1, #tenseList do
local tense = tenseList[i]
if export.tenseClassification[tense] then
opts.tense = tense
local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
local concatTense = concateList(conj)
table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
end
end
return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",")
end
return export
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-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî
local export = {}
-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy")
local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy")
-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"}
export.pronouns = {
s1 = "ez", p1 = "em",
s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn",
s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew"
}
export.obliquePronouns = {
s1 = "min", p1 = "me",
s2 = "te", p2 = "we",
s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan"
}
-- Oblique pronoun (green)
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>',
s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>',
s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>',
p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>',
p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>',
p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>'
}
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
-- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
-- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)"
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)
-- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
-- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
-- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
-- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
-- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ...
if isErgative then
pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
end
-- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning.
if mode == 'subjunctive' then
subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>'
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
end
end
return pronouns
end
-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
-- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
-- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ...
-- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
-- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ...
-- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
-- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
-- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ...
-- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ...
-- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )
-- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'
-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbType(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
local type
if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
type = 'preverbVerb'
elseif isCompoundVerb then
type = 'compoundVerb'
else
type = 'simpleVerb'
end
return type
end
-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}
do
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ending using present stem
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
-- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
-- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
-- end
ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn"
-- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
-- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and
-- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma".
-- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
local function normalize_i(stem)
local prfx_i = "i"
if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or
mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
prfx_i = ""
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
prfx_i = "yi"
end
return prfx_i
end
getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin"
}
end
getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn"
}
end
getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne"
}
end
getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna"
}
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. perfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"}
else
ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Subj. Imperfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
-- elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- ends = {s1="yama", s2="yayî", s3="yaya", p1="yana", p2="yana", p3="yana"}
else
ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"}
end
return ends
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-"
-- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}
do
getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local verbType = opts.verbType
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
-- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
-- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
if (verbType == 'preverbVerb') then
return ''
end
if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
return 'b'
end
return 'bi'
end
getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
return 'd'
end
-- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
return 't'
end
return 'di'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-"
-- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}
do
getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>nay</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
return '<b>n</b>'
end
-- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
return '<b>ni</b>'
end
return '<b>na</b>'
end
getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local tenseName = opts.tenseName
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
local negPrefix = 'ne'
-- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
-- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-".
if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
if not preverbParticle then
return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
end
if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')
-- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê".
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
if isErgative then
return {s1='ê', s2='yê', s3='yê', p1='yê', p2='yê', p3='ê'}
else
return {s1='ê', s2='yê', s3='ê', p1='ê', p2='ê', p3='ê'}
end
end
-- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
-- we create a table with the same value.
local preverbParticles = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
end
return preverbParticles
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
-- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before
-- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
-- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well.
-- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
-- the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
-- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di").
-- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem)
-- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem),
-- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem)
-- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na),
-- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne),
-- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNCPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne),
-- "subPreterite"(-)(ne),
-- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne),
-- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local commonRules = {
indFuture = {
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['present']
},
indFuturePerfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibim']
},
subImperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ama']
},
subPluperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûma']
}
}
local mt = {
__index = function(t, k)
local common = t._common
if common then return common[k] end
end
}
-- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE
export.tenseClassification = {
-- IMPERATIVE MOOD
impPresent = setmetatable({
name = "impPresent",
nameKu = "raweya fermanî",
nameEn = "present imperative",
mode = "imperative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- INDICATIVE MOOD
indPresent = {
name = "indPresent",
nameKu = "dema niha",
nameEn = "present",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'],
endings = getEndings['present'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPreterite = {
name = "indPreterite",
nameKu = "raboriya sade",
nameEn = "simple past",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indImperfect = {
name = "indImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya berdest",
nameEn = "Imperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPluperfect = {
name = "indPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr",
nameEn = "pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûm'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indFuture = setmetatable({
name = "indFuture",
nameKu = "dema bê",
nameEn = "future",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
name = "indFuturePerfect",
nameKu = "dahatiya pêş",
nameEn = "future perfect",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
-- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses
-- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî").
-- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
indPerfect = {
name = "indPerfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûdar",
nameEn = "perfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ime'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indNCPluperfect = {
name = "indNCPluperfect",
nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar",
nameEn = "nonconfirmative pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûme'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
-- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
subPresent = setmetatable({
name = "subPresent",
nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî",
nameEn = "present subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
subPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "subPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî",
nameEn = "preterite subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subImperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê",
nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subPluperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê",
nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- CONDITIONAL MOOD
condPresent = setmetatable({
name = "condPresent",
nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî",
nameEn = "present conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
condPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "condPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya mercî",
nameEn = "preterite conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
}
-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
opts = opts or {}
-- Required parameters
local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2)
--One of the two parameters is required:
-- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem".
-- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem".
local presentStem = opts.presentStem
local pastStem = opts.pastStem
-- Optional parameters
local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb
local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb
-- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
-- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-")
-- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-")
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil
-- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"".
-- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2".
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil
-- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if (not infoTense) then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
-- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>'
elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>'
end
-- Choice between the present stem or past stem
local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem
--────────────────────────────
-- Conjugation construction --
-- ───────────────────────────
local preverb = ''
local negPrefix = ''
-- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb"
local verbType = export.verbType(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
if isNegative then
negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
impNegForm=impNegForm,
overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
if infoTense.negPreverb then
preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbType=verbType,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
else
if infoTense.preverb then
preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbType=verbType,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
end
infoTense.conj = {}
local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')
-- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local ending = ''
local conjSimbleVerb = ''
local conjVerb = ''
if isErgative then
ending = endings.s3
else
ending = endings[pers]
end
-- Adding space after the preverbal particle
local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
if preverbParticle ~= '' then
preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
end
conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending
-- Adding prefixe and suffixe
conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
-- Spelling correction(îy -> iy)
conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
-- Add a link
conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
-- Addition of the preverbal particle
infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
end
-- Imperative
if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
--infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
end
return infoTense
end
-- =============================================================================
-- END
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/"
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
opts.tense = tense or nil
local presentStems = presentStems or {}
local pastStems = pastStems or {}
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if not infoTense then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
-- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
local conjTabs = {}
for i = 1, #stems do
if stems[i] then
if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end
local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
end
end
-- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
local concatConjTabs = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local frag = {}
for i = 1, #conjTabs do
local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
end
concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ")
end
infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
return infoTense
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
local function concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
local concatTab = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
end
return concatTab
end
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
local tenseList = {}
for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do
table.insert(tenseList, tense.name)
end
-- Conjugation in all tenses
tab = {}
for _, tense in ipairs(tenseList) do
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy')
tab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
-- No pronoun for the imperative mood
if tense ~= 'impPresent' then
local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
tab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, tab[tense].conj)
end
end
return tab
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil
local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isNegative = true
end
local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
return tabConj[pers]
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local opts = {
presentStem = frame.args['niha'],
pastStem = frame.args['borî'],
isTransitive = false,
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil,
}
local function removeTags(tag)
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2')
return tag
end
local function concateList(tenseList)
local concatList = {}
for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do
tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
table.insert(concatList, tense)
end
return table.concat(concatList, ",")
end
local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNCPluperfect',
'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
'subImperfect','subPluperfect'
}
local concatAllTense = {}
for i = 1, #tenseList do
local tense = tenseList[i]
if export.tenseClassification[tense] then
opts.tense = tense
local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
local concatTense = concateList(conj)
table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
end
end
return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",")
end
return export
lfqdgfoyv5pm182bxwy8e8py0ipc9hm
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-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî
local export = {}
-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy")
local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy")
-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"}
export.pronouns = {
s1 = "ez", p1 = "em",
s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn",
s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew"
}
export.obliquePronouns = {
s1 = "min", p1 = "me",
s2 = "te", p2 = "we",
s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan"
}
-- Oblique pronoun (green)
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>',
s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>',
s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>',
p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>',
p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>',
p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>'
}
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
-- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
-- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)"
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)
-- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
-- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
-- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
-- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
-- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ...
if isErgative then
pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
end
-- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning.
if mode == 'subjunctive' then
subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>'
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
end
end
return pronouns
end
-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
-- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
-- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ...
-- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
-- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ...
-- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
-- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
-- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ...
-- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ...
-- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )
-- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'
-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbType(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
local type
if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
type = 'preverbVerb'
elseif isCompoundVerb then
type = 'compoundVerb'
else
type = 'simpleVerb'
end
return type
end
-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}
do
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ending using present stem
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
-- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
-- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
-- end
ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn"
-- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
-- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and
-- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma".
-- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
local function normalize_i(stem)
local prfx_i = "i"
if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or
mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
prfx_i = ""
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
prfx_i = "yi"
end
return prfx_i
end
getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin"
}
end
getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn"
}
end
getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne"
}
end
getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna"
}
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. perfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"}
else
ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Subj. Imperfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
-- elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- ends = {s1="yama", s2="yayî", s3="yaya", p1="yana", p2="yana", p3="yana"}
else
ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"}
end
return ends
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-"
-- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}
do
getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local verbType = opts.verbType
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
-- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
-- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
if (verbType == 'preverbVerb') then
return ''
end
if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
return 'b'
end
return 'bi'
end
getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
return 'd'
end
-- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
return 't'
end
return 'di'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-"
-- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}
do
getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>nay</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
return '<b>n</b>'
end
-- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
return '<b>ni</b>'
end
return '<b>na</b>'
end
getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local tenseName = opts.tenseName
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
local negPrefix = 'ne'
-- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
-- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-".
if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
if not preverbParticle then
return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
end
if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')
-- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê".
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
if isErgative then
return {s1='ê', s2='yê', s3='yê', p1='yê', p2='yê', p3='ê'}
else
return {s1='ê', s2='yê', s3='ê', p1='ê', p2='ê', p3='ê'}
end
end
-- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
-- we create a table with the same value.
local preverbParticles = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
end
return preverbParticles
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
-- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before
-- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
-- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well.
-- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
-- the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
-- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di").
-- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem)
-- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem),
-- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem)
-- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na),
-- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne),
-- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNCPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne),
-- "subPreterite"(-)(ne),
-- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne),
-- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local commonRules = {
indFuture = {
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['present']
},
indFuturePerfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibim']
},
subImperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ama']
},
subPluperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûma']
}
}
local mt = {
__index = function(t, k)
local common = t._common
if common then return common[k] end
end
}
-- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE
export.tenseClassification = {
-- IMPERATIVE MOOD
impPresent = setmetatable({
name = "impPresent",
nameKu = "raweya fermanî",
nameEn = "present imperative",
mode = "imperative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- INDICATIVE MOOD
indPresent = {
name = "indPresent",
nameKu = "dema niha",
nameEn = "present",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'],
endings = getEndings['present'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPreterite = {
name = "indPreterite",
nameKu = "raboriya sade",
nameEn = "simple past",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indImperfect = {
name = "indImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya berdest",
nameEn = "Imperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPluperfect = {
name = "indPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr",
nameEn = "pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûm'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indFuture = setmetatable({
name = "indFuture",
nameKu = "dema bê",
nameEn = "future",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
name = "indFuturePerfect",
nameKu = "dahatiya pêş",
nameEn = "future perfect",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
-- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses
-- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî").
-- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
indPerfect = {
name = "indPerfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûdar",
nameEn = "perfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ime'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indNCPluperfect = {
name = "indNCPluperfect",
nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar",
nameEn = "nonconfirmative pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûme'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
-- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
subPresent = setmetatable({
name = "subPresent",
nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî",
nameEn = "present subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
subPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "subPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî",
nameEn = "preterite subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subImperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê",
nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subPluperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê",
nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- CONDITIONAL MOOD
condPresent = setmetatable({
name = "condPresent",
nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî",
nameEn = "present conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
condPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "condPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya mercî",
nameEn = "preterite conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
}
-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
opts = opts or {}
-- Required parameters
local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2)
--One of the two parameters is required:
-- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem".
-- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem".
local presentStem = opts.presentStem
local pastStem = opts.pastStem
-- Optional parameters
local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb
local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb
-- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
-- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-")
-- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-")
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil
-- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"".
-- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2".
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil
-- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if (not infoTense) then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
-- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>'
elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>'
end
-- Choice between the present stem or past stem
local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem
--────────────────────────────
-- Conjugation construction --
-- ───────────────────────────
local preverb = ''
local negPrefix = ''
-- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb"
local verbType = export.verbType(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
if isNegative then
negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
impNegForm=impNegForm,
overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
if infoTense.negPreverb then
preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbType=verbType,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
else
if infoTense.preverb then
preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbType=verbType,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
end
infoTense.conj = {}
local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')
-- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local ending = ''
local conjSimbleVerb = ''
local conjVerb = ''
if isErgative then
ending = endings.s3
else
ending = endings[pers]
end
-- Adding space after the preverbal particle
local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
if preverbParticle ~= '' then
preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
end
conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending
-- Adding prefixe and suffixe
conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
-- Spelling correction(îy -> iy)
conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
-- Add a link
conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
-- Addition of the preverbal particle
infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
end
-- Imperative
if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
--infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
end
return infoTense
end
-- =============================================================================
-- END
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/"
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
opts.tense = tense or nil
local presentStems = presentStems or {}
local pastStems = pastStems or {}
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if not infoTense then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
-- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
local conjTabs = {}
for i = 1, #stems do
if stems[i] then
if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end
local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
end
end
-- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
local concatConjTabs = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local frag = {}
for i = 1, #conjTabs do
local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
end
concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ")
end
infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
return infoTense
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
local function concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
local concatTab = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
end
return concatTab
end
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
local tenseList = {}
for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do
table.insert(tenseList, tense.name)
end
-- Conjugation in all tenses
tab = {}
for _, tense in ipairs(tenseList) do
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy')
tab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
-- No pronoun for the imperative mood
if tense ~= 'impPresent' then
local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
tab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, tab[tense].conj)
end
end
return tab
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil
local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isNegative = true
end
local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
return tabConj[pers]
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local opts = {
presentStem = frame.args['niha'],
pastStem = frame.args['borî'],
isTransitive = false,
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil,
}
local function removeTags(tag)
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2')
return tag
end
local function concateList(tenseList)
local concatList = {}
for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do
tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
table.insert(concatList, tense)
end
return table.concat(concatList, ",")
end
local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNCPluperfect',
'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
'subImperfect','subPluperfect'
}
local concatAllTense = {}
for i = 1, #tenseList do
local tense = tenseList[i]
if export.tenseClassification[tense] then
opts.tense = tense
local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
local concatTense = concateList(conj)
table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
end
end
return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",")
end
return export
1uolynw0gcrskdh2fhygyp4mkt2fazt
Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo
828
628615
6234193
6229954
2026-05-07T13:32:12Z
Ghybu
1393
6234193
Scribunto
text/plain
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin')
local export = {}
function export.tablo(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
local leker = args[1]
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Conjugation table in all tenses
local tab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
-- Negatives conjugations table
local negTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')
-- Tablo (colspan)
local function conjugateTable(tense1, tense2)
local tenses = ''
for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
tenses = tenses .. '\n|colspan="2"|' .. tab[tense1].conj[pers]
.. '\n|colspan="2"|' .. negTab[tense1].conj[pers]
.. '\n|colspan="2"|' .. tab[tense2].conj[pers]
.. '\n|colspan="2"|' .. negTab[tense2].conj[pers]
.. '\n|-'
end
return tenses
end
-- Cureyê lêkerê
local cure
if (baseOpts.preSimpleVerb and baseOpts.preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not baseOpts.isCompoundVerb) then
cure = 'pêkhatî'
elseif (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb or baseOpts.postSimpleVerb) then
cure = 'hevedudanî'
else
cure = 'xwerû'
end
local pasgir = baseOpts.postSimpleVerb
local pasgirSer
local pesgir = baseOpts.preSimpleVerb
local pesgirSer
local niha2, niha3 = presentStems[2], presentStems[3]
local niha2 = pastStems[2]
local nihaSer2, nihaSer3
local boriSer2
if (pasgir == nil or pasgir == '') then pasgir = '' pasgirSer = '' else pasgirSer = ' ' .. pasgir end
if (pesgir == nil or pesgir == '') then pesgir = '' pesgirSer = '' else pesgirSer = pesgir .. ' ' end
if (niha2 == nil or niha2 == '') then niha2 = '' nihaSer2 = '' else nihaSer2 = ' / –' .. niha2 .. '–' end
if (niha3 == nil or niha3 == '') then niha3 = '' nihaSer3 = '' else nihaSer3 = ' / –' .. niha3 .. '–' end
if (bori2 == nil or bori2 == '') then bori2 = '' boriSer2 = '' else boriSer2 = ' / –' .. bori2 .. '–' end
local row_EreniNeyini = '\n! colspan="2" class="ereni" | Erênî'
..'\n! colspan="2" class="neyini" | Neyînî'
..'\n! colspan="2" class="ereni" | Erênî'
..'\n! colspan="2" class="neyini" | Neyînî'
local form = args['form']
local valahi = args['valahî']
local niha = presentStems[1]
local bori = pastStems[1]
return
'{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" class="tewandin-tablo" style="border-collapse:collapse;"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|+ colspan="8" style="font-size:small;text-align:center;color:blue;" | [[Wêne:Emblem-question-red.svg|17px|link=]] [[Gotûbêja modulê:ku-tewandin|Pirsgirêkan nîşan bide – Pêşniyaran bike]]'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="1" class="tablo-ser" colspan="8" align="center" | Tewandina lêkera [['.. leker .. ']]<br/><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. cure .. ', ' .. form .. ')</span><br/>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="4" style="border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" |'
.. '\n! id="11" class="reh-dema-niha" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" | Dema niha'
.. '\n! class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" | Dema borî'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | Reh'
.. '\n| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. pesgirSer .. '–' .. niha .. '–' .. nihaSer2 .. nihaSer3 .. pasgirSer
.. '\n| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. pesgirSer .. '–' .. bori .. '–' .. boriSer2 .. pasgirSer
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="4" class="rawe" colspan="8" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>-{Imperative}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="41" class="reh-dema-niha" colspan="8" | Dema niha - <small><i>-{Present}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="4" class="ereni" | Erênî'
.. '\n! colspan="4" class="neyini" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" | <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. tab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n| colspan="4" | <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" | <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. tab.impPresent.conj.p2
.. '\n| colspan="4" | <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negTab.impPresent.conj.p2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="1" class="rawe" colspan="8" align="center" | Raweya pêşkerî (daxuyanî) - <small><i>-{Indicative}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="11" class="reh-dema-niha" colspan="4" | [[Pêvek:Rastnivîsî/Lêker/Dema niha|Dema niha]] - <small><i>-{Present}-</i></small>'
.. '\n! class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" | [[Pêvek:Rastnivîsî/Lêker/Dema borî ya sade|Raboriya sade]] - <small><i>-{Preterite}-</i></small><br><small>Dema boriya têdeyî</small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. row_EreniNeyini
.. '\n|-'
.. conjugateTable('indPresent', 'indPreterite')
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="12" class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" style="border-right:dotted 1px grey;" | Raboriya berdest - <small><i>-{Imperfect}-</i></small><br><small>Çîrokiya dema niha</small>'
.. '\n! class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" | Raboriya dûr - <small><i>-{Pluperfect}-</i></small><br><small>Çîrokiya boriya têdeyî</small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. row_EreniNeyini
.. '\n|-'
.. conjugateTable('indImperfect', 'indPluperfect')
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="13" class="reh-dema-niha" colspan="4" | [[Pêvek:Rastnivîsî/Lêker/Dema bê|Dema bê]] - <small><i>-{Future}-</i></small>'
.. '\n! colspan="4" class="reh-dema-bori" | Dahatiya pêş - <small><i>-{Future perfect}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. row_EreniNeyini
.. '\n|-'
.. conjugateTable('indFuture', 'indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
..'\n! id="14" class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" style="border-right:dotted 1px grey;" | Raboriya dûdar - <small><i>-{Perfect}-</i></small><br><small>Dema boriya dûdar</small>'
.. '\n! class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" | Çîrokiya boriya dûdar - <small><i>-{Nonconfirmative pluperfect}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. row_EreniNeyini
.. '\n|-'
.. conjugateTable('indPerfect', 'indNCPluperfect')
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="2" class="rawe" colspan="8" | Raweya xwestekî (bilanî, daxwazî) - <small><i>-{Subjunctive}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="21" class="reh-dema-niha" colspan="4" | Dema nihaya xwestekî - <small><i>-{Present subjunctive}-</i></small><br><small>Nihaya bilaniyê</small>'
.. '\n! class="reh-dema-bori "colspan="4" | Dema boriya xwestekî - <small><i>-{Preterite subjunctive}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. row_EreniNeyini
.. '\n|-'
.. conjugateTable('subPresent', 'subPreterite')
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="22" class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" style="border-right:dotted 1px grey;" | Raboriya bilaniyê - <small><i>-{Imperfect subjunctive}-</i></small>'
.. '\n! class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" | Raboriya dûr a bilaniyê - <small><i>-{Pluperfect subjunctive}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. row_EreniNeyini
.. '\n|-'
.. conjugateTable('subImperfect', 'subPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="3" class="rawe" colspan="8" | Raweya mercî (hekînî) - <small><i>-{Conditional}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="31" class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" style="border-right:dotted 1px grey;" | Çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî - <small><i>-{Present conditional}-</i></small>'
.. '\n! colspan="4" class="reh-dema-bori" | Dema boriya mercî - <small><i>Preterite conditional</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. row_EreniNeyini
.. '\n|-'
.. conjugateTable('condPresent', 'condPreterite')
..'\n|}'
end
return export
raqhug6v39bzkb78iiv324m9sqb44rm
6234202
6234193
2026-05-07T20:39:25Z
Ghybu
1393
6234202
Scribunto
text/plain
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
local export = {}
function export.tablo(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
local leker = args[1]
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Conjugation table in all tenses
local tab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
-- Negatives conjugations table
local negTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')
-- Tablo (colspan)
local function conjugateTable(tense1, tense2)
local tenses = ''
for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
tenses = tenses .. '\n|colspan="2"|' .. tab[tense1].conj[pers]
.. '\n|colspan="2"|' .. negTab[tense1].conj[pers]
.. '\n|colspan="2"|' .. tab[tense2].conj[pers]
.. '\n|colspan="2"|' .. negTab[tense2].conj[pers]
.. '\n|-'
end
return tenses
end
-- Cureyê lêkerê
local cure
if (baseOpts.preSimpleVerb and baseOpts.preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not baseOpts.isCompoundVerb) then
cure = 'pêkhatî'
elseif (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb or baseOpts.postSimpleVerb) then
cure = 'hevedudanî'
else
cure = 'xwerû'
end
local pasgir = baseOpts.postSimpleVerb
local pasgirSer
local pesgir = baseOpts.preSimpleVerb
local pesgirSer
local niha2, niha3 = presentStems[2], presentStems[3]
local niha2 = pastStems[2]
local nihaSer2, nihaSer3
local boriSer2
if (pasgir == nil or pasgir == '') then pasgir = '' pasgirSer = '' else pasgirSer = ' ' .. pasgir end
if (pesgir == nil or pesgir == '') then pesgir = '' pesgirSer = '' else pesgirSer = pesgir .. ' ' end
if (niha2 == nil or niha2 == '') then niha2 = '' nihaSer2 = '' else nihaSer2 = ' / –' .. niha2 .. '–' end
if (niha3 == nil or niha3 == '') then niha3 = '' nihaSer3 = '' else nihaSer3 = ' / –' .. niha3 .. '–' end
if (bori2 == nil or bori2 == '') then bori2 = '' boriSer2 = '' else boriSer2 = ' / –' .. bori2 .. '–' end
local row_EreniNeyini = '\n! colspan="2" class="ereni" | Erênî'
..'\n! colspan="2" class="neyini" | Neyînî'
..'\n! colspan="2" class="ereni" | Erênî'
..'\n! colspan="2" class="neyini" | Neyînî'
local form = args['form']
local valahi = args['valahî']
local niha = presentStems[1]
local bori = pastStems[1]
return
'{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" class="tewandin-tablo" style="border-collapse:collapse;"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|+ colspan="8" style="font-size:small;text-align:center;color:blue;" | [[Wêne:Emblem-question-red.svg|17px|link=]] [[Gotûbêja modulê:ku-tewandin|Pirsgirêkan nîşan bide – Pêşniyaran bike]]'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="1" class="tablo-ser" colspan="8" align="center" | Tewandina lêkera [['.. leker .. ']]<br/><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. cure .. ', ' .. form .. ')</span><br/>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="4" style="border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" |'
.. '\n! id="11" class="reh-dema-niha" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" | Dema niha'
.. '\n! class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" | Dema borî'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | Reh'
.. '\n| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. pesgirSer .. '–' .. niha .. '–' .. nihaSer2 .. nihaSer3 .. pasgirSer
.. '\n| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. pesgirSer .. '–' .. bori .. '–' .. boriSer2 .. pasgirSer
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="4" class="rawe" colspan="8" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>-{Imperative}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="41" class="reh-dema-niha" colspan="8" | Dema niha - <small><i>-{Present}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="4" class="ereni" | Erênî'
.. '\n! colspan="4" class="neyini" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" | <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. tab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n| colspan="4" | <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" | <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. tab.impPresent.conj.p2
.. '\n| colspan="4" | <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negTab.impPresent.conj.p2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="1" class="rawe" colspan="8" align="center" | Raweya pêşkerî (daxuyanî) - <small><i>-{Indicative}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="11" class="reh-dema-niha" colspan="4" | [[Pêvek:Rastnivîsî/Lêker/Dema niha|Dema niha]] - <small><i>-{Present}-</i></small>'
.. '\n! class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" | [[Pêvek:Rastnivîsî/Lêker/Dema borî ya sade|Raboriya sade]] - <small><i>-{Preterite}-</i></small><br><small>Dema boriya têdeyî</small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. row_EreniNeyini
.. '\n|-'
.. conjugateTable('indPresent', 'indPreterite')
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="12" class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" style="border-right:dotted 1px grey;" | Raboriya berdest - <small><i>-{Imperfect}-</i></small><br><small>Çîrokiya dema niha</small>'
.. '\n! class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" | Raboriya dûr - <small><i>-{Pluperfect}-</i></small><br><small>Çîrokiya boriya têdeyî</small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. row_EreniNeyini
.. '\n|-'
.. conjugateTable('indImperfect', 'indPluperfect')
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="13" class="reh-dema-niha" colspan="4" | [[Pêvek:Rastnivîsî/Lêker/Dema bê|Dema bê]] - <small><i>-{Future}-</i></small>'
.. '\n! colspan="4" class="reh-dema-bori" | Dahatiya pêş - <small><i>-{Future perfect}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. row_EreniNeyini
.. '\n|-'
.. conjugateTable('indFuture', 'indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
..'\n! id="14" class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" style="border-right:dotted 1px grey;" | Raboriya dûdar - <small><i>-{Perfect}-</i></small><br><small>Dema boriya dûdar</small>'
.. '\n! class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" | Çîrokiya boriya dûdar - <small><i>-{Nonconfirmative pluperfect}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. row_EreniNeyini
.. '\n|-'
.. conjugateTable('indPerfect', 'indNCPluperfect')
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="2" class="rawe" colspan="8" | Raweya xwestekî (bilanî, daxwazî) - <small><i>-{Subjunctive}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="21" class="reh-dema-niha" colspan="4" | Dema nihaya xwestekî - <small><i>-{Present subjunctive}-</i></small><br><small>Nihaya bilaniyê</small>'
.. '\n! class="reh-dema-bori "colspan="4" | Dema boriya xwestekî - <small><i>-{Preterite subjunctive}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. row_EreniNeyini
.. '\n|-'
.. conjugateTable('subPresent', 'subPreterite')
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="22" class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" style="border-right:dotted 1px grey;" | Raboriya bilaniyê - <small><i>-{Imperfect subjunctive}-</i></small>'
.. '\n! class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" | Raboriya dûr a bilaniyê - <small><i>-{Pluperfect subjunctive}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. row_EreniNeyini
.. '\n|-'
.. conjugateTable('subImperfect', 'subPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="3" class="rawe" colspan="8" | Raweya mercî (hekînî) - <small><i>-{Conditional}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|- style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"'
.. '\n! id="31" class="reh-dema-bori" colspan="4" style="border-right:dotted 1px grey;" | Çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî - <small><i>-{Present conditional}-</i></small>'
.. '\n! colspan="4" class="reh-dema-bori" | Dema boriya mercî - <small><i>Preterite conditional</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. row_EreniNeyini
.. '\n|-'
.. conjugateTable('condPresent', 'condPreterite')
..'\n|}'
end
return export
il15k0t9aqwp76p5ypcl2yy3r3a379z
Modul:ku-tewandin/belge
828
628617
6234196
3745467
2026-05-07T13:49:45Z
Ghybu
1393
6234196
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Modul:
* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo]]
* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tabloGotar]]
* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik]]
Şablon:
* [[Şablon:ku-tewandin]]
b2zxp77yny81g527quri59oqvpf4trb
6234213
6234196
2026-05-07T21:09:27Z
Ghybu
1393
6234213
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Modul:
* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo]]
* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tabloGotar]]
* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik]]
Şablon:
* [[Şablon:ku-tewandin]]
* [[Şablon:ku-tewîn-lk]]
1l0ogunkk1oq6n97orz8291ji3xng74
Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/belge
828
628660
6234197
6078108
2026-05-07T13:50:49Z
Ghybu
1393
6234197
wikitext
text/x-wiki
* [[Modul:ku-tewandin]]
* [[Şablon:ku-tewandin]]
* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tabloGotar]]
* [[Şablon:ku-tewandin/style.css]]
9tls34lsltcqbomseoqy2t27imy1lk0
Tewandin:girîn
106
836892
6234211
4522373
2026-05-07T20:59:59Z
Ghybu
1393
6234211
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{etîket tewandin
|etîket1 = Dema borî: -girî-
|naverok1 = {{ku-tewandin|girîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=girî|borî=girî}}
|etîket2 = Dema borî: -giriya-
|naverok2 = {{ku-tewandin|girîn|form=negerguhêz|niha=girî|borî=giriya}}
}}
m3mkl2vlbhktjkm5g1tlfg5xwn6vbpk
Şablon:vegere
10
974814
6234217
5278194
2026-05-07T22:17:27Z
Ghybu
1393
6234217
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:-0.5em" id="contentSub"><span class="subpages" style="font-size:110%;"><!--
--->[[Wêne:1leftarrow.png|link=|20px]]vegere '''[[{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}#Kurmancî|{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}]]''' {{#if:{{{2|}}}|an '''[[{{{2}}}#Kurmancî|{{{2}}}]]'''|}}</span><!--
---></div><noinclude>{{belgekirin}}</noinclude>
7o9m2jhjql74y7uohye73ck7cwtwyec
Şablon:reng boks
10
1357094
6234274
6233928
2026-05-08T10:16:45Z
Xqbot
13246
Beralîkirina ducarî li ser [[Şablon:reng]] hat sererastkirin
6234274
wikitext
text/x-wiki
#BERALÎKIRIN [[Şablon:reng]]
oriihfk9ox6qol47zou4n60hvuk8fle
Modul:ku-tewandin/tabloGotar
828
1357097
6234187
2026-05-07T12:15:58Z
Ghybu
1393
Rûpel bi "-- ==================================================================================== -- Bo tabloyên {{tewîn}} û {{tewîn+}} hatiye çêkirin. -- Bikaranîn: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|1=dem|2=neyini}} -- local verb = opts.verb or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText -- ==================================================================================== local export = {} local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin') local ziman = require("Modul:langua..." hat çêkirin
6234187
Scribunto
text/plain
-- ====================================================================================
-- Bo tabloyên {{tewîn}} û {{tewîn+}} hatiye çêkirin.
-- Bikaranîn: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|1=dem|2=neyini}}
-- local verb = opts.verb or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText
-- ====================================================================================
local export = {}
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin')
local ziman = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
function export.tew(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = args['form'],
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Retrieving conjugation tables for different tenses
local indPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
local impPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'impPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
local indPreterite = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPreterite', presentStems, pastStems).conj
-- Past pronouns for preterite tense
local prtPronouns = conj.conjPronouns('past', 'indicative', baseOpts.isTransitive)
-- =========================================================================
-- TABLE
-- =========================================================================
-- Construction of the verbal stems for the table title ("rehNiha" and "rehBori")
local leker = args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText
local weki = args['wekî'] or ''
local pesgir = args['pêşgir'] or ''
local pasgir = args['paşgir'] or ''
if args['pêşgir'] then pesgir = args['pêşgir'] .. ' ' end
if args['paşgir'] then pasgir = ' ' .. args['paşgir'] end
local rehNiha = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
if stem then rehNiha[#rehNiha+1] = pesgir .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local rehBori = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
if stem then rehBori[#rehBori+1] = pesgir .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
rehNiha = table.concat(rehNiha, ' / ') .. pasgir
rehBori = table.concat(rehBori, ' / ') .. pasgir
-- Formata "Raweya pêşkerî" (RP.)
local rp = '<span style="cursor:help;" title="Raweya pêşkerî">'
..'<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #555555; ">RP.</span>'
..'</span>'
local function nobold(arg)
return '<span style="font-weight:normal;"> '.. arg .. '</span>'
end
-- Preloads [[Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload]]
local function preloadUrl(title, preload)
local params = {
args['form'],
args['niha'],
args['niha2'] or nil,
args['niha3'] or nil,
args['bori'],
args['bori2'] or nil,
args['pêşgir'] or nil,
args['valahî'] or nil,
args['paşgir'] or nil
}
local query = {
action = 'edit',
preload = preload,
['preloadparams[]'] = params
}
local url = mw.uri.fullUrl(title, query)
url = '<span class="plainlinks">[' .. tostring(url) .. ' ' .. title ..']</span>'
return url
end
-- Formên Din
local FormenDin = 'erz'
if (mw.title.new(leker, 'Tewandin').exists == true) then
formenDin = '[['.. 'Tewandin:' .. leker ..']]'
elseif weki then
formenDin = 'wekî [['.. 'Tewandin:' .. weki ..']]'
else
formenDin = preloadUrl(leker, 'Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload')
end
return
'{| class="wikitable tablo-flip tewandin-tablo mw-collapsible"'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="row-flip tewandin-header" |'
.. leker .. ' ' .. nobold('('.. args['form'] .. '</span>)')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="tewandin-header3" align="center" style="font-size:85%;" |'
.. nobold('Rehê dema niha:') .. ' ' .. rehNiha
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="5" |' .. rp .. '<br>Niha'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width="60" |ez'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. indPresent.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| tu'
.. '\n|' .. indPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| ew'
.. '\n|' .. indPresent.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| em, hûn, ew'
.. '\n| ' .. indPresent.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="2" | Fermanî'
.. '\n| width="60" | <small>Yekjimar</small>'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. impPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width="60" | <small>Pirjimar</small>'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. impPresent.p2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="tewandin-header3" align="center" style="font-size:85%;" |'
.. nobold('Rehê dema borî:') .. ' ' .. rehBori
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="5" |'.. rp ..'<br>Boriya<br>sade'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s1
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s2
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.p1 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p2 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background-color:#transparent;" |'
.. 'Formên din: [[Wêne:1rightarrow.png|15px|link=]]' .. formenDin
.. '\n|}'
end
return export
04ahql5bqjweegrsvnrthn3gg6g88lz
6234188
6234187
2026-05-07T12:19:39Z
Ghybu
1393
6234188
Scribunto
text/plain
-- ====================================================================================
-- Ji bo tabloyên ku di nav gotaran de tê bikaranîn hatiye çêkirin: {{ku-tewîn-lk}}.
-- Bikaranîn: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|1=dem|2=neyini}}
-- ====================================================================================
local export = {}
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin')
local ziman = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
function export.tew(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = args['form'],
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Retrieving conjugation tables for different tenses
local indPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
local impPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'impPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
local indPreterite = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPreterite', presentStems, pastStems).conj
-- Past pronouns for preterite tense
local prtPronouns = conj.conjPronouns('past', 'indicative', baseOpts.isTransitive)
-- =========================================================================
-- TABLE
-- =========================================================================
-- Construction of the verbal stems for the table title ("rehNiha" and "rehBori")
local leker = args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText
local weki = args['wekî'] or ''
local pesgir = args['pêşgir'] or ''
local pasgir = args['paşgir'] or ''
if args['pêşgir'] then pesgir = args['pêşgir'] .. ' ' end
if args['paşgir'] then pasgir = ' ' .. args['paşgir'] end
local rehNiha = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
if stem then rehNiha[#rehNiha+1] = pesgir .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local rehBori = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
if stem then rehBori[#rehBori+1] = pesgir .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
rehNiha = table.concat(rehNiha, ' / ') .. pasgir
rehBori = table.concat(rehBori, ' / ') .. pasgir
-- Formata "Raweya pêşkerî" (RP.)
local rp = '<span style="cursor:help;" title="Raweya pêşkerî">'
..'<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #555555; ">RP.</span>'
..'</span>'
local function nobold(arg)
return '<span style="font-weight:normal;"> '.. arg .. '</span>'
end
-- Preloads [[Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload]]
local function preloadUrl(title, preload)
local params = {
args['form'],
args['niha'],
args['niha2'] or nil,
args['niha3'] or nil,
args['bori'],
args['bori2'] or nil,
args['pêşgir'] or nil,
args['valahî'] or nil,
args['paşgir'] or nil
}
local query = {
action = 'edit',
preload = preload,
['preloadparams[]'] = params
}
local url = mw.uri.fullUrl(title, query)
url = '<span class="plainlinks">[' .. tostring(url) .. ' ' .. title ..']</span>'
return url
end
-- Formên Din
local FormenDin = 'erz'
if (mw.title.new(leker, 'Tewandin').exists == true) then
formenDin = '[['.. 'Tewandin:' .. leker ..']]'
elseif weki then
formenDin = 'wekî [['.. 'Tewandin:' .. weki ..']]'
else
formenDin = preloadUrl(leker, 'Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload')
end
return
'{| class="wikitable tablo-flip tewandin-tablo mw-collapsible"'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="row-flip tewandin-header" |'
.. leker .. ' ' .. nobold('('.. args['form'] .. '</span>)')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="tewandin-header3" align="center" style="font-size:85%;" |'
.. nobold('Rehê dema niha:') .. ' ' .. rehNiha
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="5" |' .. rp .. '<br>Niha'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width="60" |ez'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. indPresent.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| tu'
.. '\n|' .. indPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| ew'
.. '\n|' .. indPresent.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| em, hûn, ew'
.. '\n| ' .. indPresent.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="2" | Fermanî'
.. '\n| width="60" | <small>Yekjimar</small>'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. impPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width="60" | <small>Pirjimar</small>'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. impPresent.p2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="tewandin-header3" align="center" style="font-size:85%;" |'
.. nobold('Rehê dema borî:') .. ' ' .. rehBori
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="5" |'.. rp ..'<br>Boriya<br>sade'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s1
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s2
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.p1 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p2 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background-color:#transparent;" |'
.. 'Formên din: [[Wêne:1rightarrow.png|15px|link=]]' .. formenDin
.. '\n|}'
end
return export
2qdsfmwsabvqy41qn1hpzoclutexdse
6234231
6234188
2026-05-08T02:03:48Z
Ghybu
1393
6234231
Scribunto
text/plain
-- ====================================================================================
-- Ji bo tabloyên ku di nav gotaran de tê bikaranîn hatiye çêkirin: {{ku-tewîn-lk}}.
-- Bikaranîn: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|1=dem|2=neyini}}
-- ====================================================================================
local export = {}
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
local ziman = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
function export.tew(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = args['form'],
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Retrieving conjugation tables for different tenses
local indPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
local impPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'impPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
local indPreterite = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPreterite', presentStems, pastStems).conj
-- Past pronouns for preterite tense
local prtPronouns = conj.conjPronouns('past', 'indicative', baseOpts.isTransitive)
-- =========================================================================
-- TABLE
-- =========================================================================
-- Construction of the verbal stems for the table title ("rehNiha" and "rehBori")
local leker = args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText
local weki = args['wekî'] or ''
local pesgir = args['pêşgir'] or ''
local pasgir = args['paşgir'] or ''
if args['pêşgir'] then pesgir = args['pêşgir'] .. ' ' end
if args['paşgir'] then pasgir = ' ' .. args['paşgir'] end
local rehNiha = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
if stem then rehNiha[#rehNiha+1] = pesgir .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local rehBori = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
if stem then rehBori[#rehBori+1] = pesgir .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
rehNiha = table.concat(rehNiha, ' / ') .. pasgir
rehBori = table.concat(rehBori, ' / ') .. pasgir
-- Formata "Raweya pêşkerî" (RP.)
local rp = '<span style="cursor:help;" title="Raweya pêşkerî">'
..'<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #555555; ">RP.</span>'
..'</span>'
local function nobold(arg)
return '<span style="font-weight:normal;"> '.. arg .. '</span>'
end
-- Preloads [[Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload]]
local function preloadUrl(title, preload)
local params = {
args['form'],
args['niha'],
args['niha2'] or nil,
args['niha3'] or nil,
args['bori'],
args['bori2'] or nil,
args['pêşgir'] or nil,
args['valahî'] or nil,
args['paşgir'] or nil
}
local query = {
action = 'edit',
preload = preload,
['preloadparams[]'] = params
}
local url = mw.uri.fullUrl(title, query)
url = '<span class="plainlinks">[' .. tostring(url) .. ' ' .. title ..']</span>'
return url
end
-- Formên Din
local FormenDin = 'erz'
if (mw.title.new(leker, 'Tewandin').exists == true) then
formenDin = '[['.. 'Tewandin:' .. leker ..']]'
elseif weki then
formenDin = 'wekî [['.. 'Tewandin:' .. weki ..']]'
else
formenDin = preloadUrl(leker, 'Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload')
end
return
'{| class="wikitable tablo-flip tewandin-tablo mw-collapsible"'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="row-flip tewandin-header" |'
.. leker .. ' ' .. nobold('('.. args['form'] .. '</span>)')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="tewandin-header3" align="center" style="font-size:85%;" |'
.. nobold('Rehê dema niha:') .. ' ' .. rehNiha
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="5" |' .. rp .. '<br>Niha'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width="60" |ez'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. indPresent.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| tu'
.. '\n|' .. indPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| ew'
.. '\n|' .. indPresent.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| em, hûn, ew'
.. '\n| ' .. indPresent.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="2" | Fermanî'
.. '\n| width="60" | <small>Yekjimar</small>'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. impPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width="60" | <small>Pirjimar</small>'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. impPresent.p2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="tewandin-header3" align="center" style="font-size:85%;" |'
.. nobold('Rehê dema borî:') .. ' ' .. rehBori
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="5" |'.. rp ..'<br>Boriya<br>sade'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s1
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s2
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.p1 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p2 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background-color:#transparent;" |'
.. 'Formên din: [[Wêne:1rightarrow.png|15px|link=]]' .. formenDin
.. '\n|}'
end
return export
diwj3wo9eqn2iyinatp7jf4k5tp13ux
6234271
6234231
2026-05-08T04:43:46Z
Ghybu
1393
6234271
Scribunto
text/plain
-- ====================================================================================
-- Ji bo tabloyên ku di nav gotaran de tê bikaranîn hatiye çêkirin: {{ku-tewîn-lk}}.
-- Bikaranîn: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|1=dem|2=neyini}}
-- ====================================================================================
local export = {}
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
local ziman = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
function export.tew(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = args['form'],
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Retrieving conjugation tables for different tenses
local indPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
local impPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'impPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
local indPreterite = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPreterite', presentStems, pastStems).conj
-- Past pronouns for preterite tense
local prtPronouns = conj.conjPronouns('past', 'indicative', baseOpts.isTransitive)
-- =========================================================================
-- TABLE
-- =========================================================================
-- Construction of the verbal stems for the table title ("rehNiha" and "rehBori")
local leker = args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText
local weki = args['wekî'] or nil
local pesgir = args['pêşgir'] or ''
local pasgir = args['paşgir'] or ''
if args['pêşgir'] then pesgir = args['pêşgir'] .. ' ' end
if args['paşgir'] then pasgir = ' ' .. args['paşgir'] end
local rehNiha = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
if stem then rehNiha[#rehNiha+1] = pesgir .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local rehBori = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
if stem then rehBori[#rehBori+1] = pesgir .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
rehNiha = table.concat(rehNiha, ' / ') .. pasgir
rehBori = table.concat(rehBori, ' / ') .. pasgir
-- Formata "Raweya pêşkerî" (RP.)
local rp = '<span style="cursor:help;" title="Raweya pêşkerî">'
..'<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #555555; ">RP.</span>'
..'</span>'
local function nobold(arg)
return '<span style="font-weight:normal;"> '.. arg .. '</span>'
end
-- Preloads [[Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload]]
local function preloadUrl(title, preload)
local params = {
args['form'],
args['niha'],
args['niha2'] or nil,
args['niha3'] or nil,
args['bori'],
args['bori2'] or nil,
args['pêşgir'] or nil,
args['valahî'] or nil,
args['paşgir'] or nil
}
local query = {
action = 'edit',
preload = preload,
['preloadparams[]'] = params
}
local url = mw.uri.fullUrl(title, query)
url = '<span class="plainlinks">[' .. tostring(url) .. ' ' .. title ..']</span>'
return url
end
-- Formên Din
local FormenDin = nil
if (mw.title.new(leker, 'Tewandin').exists == true) then
formenDin = '[['.. 'Tewandin:' .. leker ..']]'
elseif weki then
formenDin = 'wekî [['.. 'Tewandin:' .. weki ..']]'
else
formenDin = preloadUrl(leker, 'Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload')
end
return
'{| class="wikitable tablo-flip tewandin-tablo mw-collapsible"'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="row-flip tewandin-header" |'
.. leker .. ' ' .. nobold('('.. args['form'] .. '</span>)')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="tewandin-header3" align="center" style="font-size:85%;" |'
.. nobold('Rehê dema niha:') .. ' ' .. rehNiha
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="5" |' .. rp .. '<br>Niha'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width="60" |ez'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. indPresent.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| tu'
.. '\n|' .. indPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| ew'
.. '\n|' .. indPresent.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| em, hûn, ew'
.. '\n| ' .. indPresent.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="2" | Fermanî'
.. '\n| width="60" | <small>Yekjimar</small>'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. impPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width="60" | <small>Pirjimar</small>'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. impPresent.p2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="tewandin-header3" align="center" style="font-size:85%;" |'
.. nobold('Rehê dema borî:') .. ' ' .. rehBori
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="5" |'.. rp ..'<br>Boriya<br>sade'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s1
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s2
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.p1 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p2 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background-color:#transparent;" |'
.. 'Formên din: [[Wêne:1rightarrow.png|15px|link=]]' .. formenDin
.. '\n|}'
end
return export
ctzo3vl1dm4um0xw2n06a6w22uwmwef
Gotûbêj:Eurasian penduline tit
1
1357098
6234272
2026-05-08T06:07:08Z
Keyomerd
8814
/* Guhartina Navî */ beşeke nû
6234272
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Guhartina Navî ==
{{silav|Bikarhêner}}, sebeba guhartina navî çi bû gelo? [[Bikarhêner:Keyomerd|Keyomerd]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Keyomerd|gotûbêj]]) 06:07, 8 gulan 2026 (UTC)
hpell76xjgjsl7knv3ugg8egwi5zf5h
have an accident
0
1357099
6234277
2026-05-08T10:36:46Z
Rewiye tine
7120
([[Mediawiki:Gadget-start.js|WF:Nû]]) +en:lêker:# {{mane?|en}}#* {{bêmînak|en}}
6234277
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|en}} ==
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|en}}
# [[qeza kirin]]
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