Vicipaedia lawiki https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.22 first-letter Media Specialis Disputatio Usor Disputatio Usoris Vicipaedia Disputatio Vicipaediae Fasciculus Disputatio Fasciculi MediaWiki Disputatio MediaWiki Formula Disputatio Formulae Auxilium Disputatio Auxilii Categoria Disputatio Categoriae Porta Disputatio Portae TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 341 3695857 3656844 2022-08-03T10:57:47Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Fontes */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas}} [[Fasciculus:Hercules Musei Capitolini MC1265.jpg|thumb|'''Hercules.''' signum ex aere inaurato facta in [[forum Boarium|Foro Boario]] reperta, conservata in [[Musea Capitolina|Museo Capitolino]].]] '''Hercules''' ([[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ἡρακλῆς}}, Heracles) est [[heros]] [[mythologia Graeca|mythologiae Graecae]], [[Iuppiter|Iove]] et [[Alcmene|Alcmena]] natus, Alcaeus sive Alcides (Graece Ἀλκαῖος) prior appellatus, qui fortitudine omnes mortales superabat. Herculi est geminus nomine Iphicles, sed Iphicli est alius pater.  Infans angues petentes strangulavit qui aut missi sunt a Iunone aut a Amphitryone volente scire cuius filius esset Hercules.  Iunone agente, Heracles insaniavit et liberos uxoremque necavit. Hercules oravit Apolloni ut puniretur. Praeclari sunt [[labores Herculis|labores]] eius duodecim, quos perfecit, postquam furore ab [[Iuno]]ne ([[Hera]] apud [[Graeci antiqui|Graecos]]) immisso percitus [[Megara (mythologia)|Megaram]], [[uxor]]em primam, liberosque suos necavit. == Duodecim labores == [[Eurystheus (mythologia)|Eurystheus]], rex [[Tiryns|Tirynthis]], Herculi duodecim labores imperavit, quos gloriose persolvit: # [[Leo Nemeaeus|Leonem Nemeaeum]] necavit, cuius [[pellis|pelle]] deinde usus est tegumento. # [[Hydra (mythologia)|Hydram]] [[Lernaea]]m [[Typhon]]is [[filia]]m ad fontem Lernaeum interfecit. # Aprum [[Erymanthus|Erymanthium]] occidit. # [[Cervus|Cervum]] ferocem vivum in conspectu Eurysthei adduxit. # [[Aves Stymphalides]] [[sagitta|sagittis]] interfecit. # Cloacas [[Augeas|Augeae]] regis uno die purgavit. # [[Taurus|Taurum]], cum quo [[Pasipha]]e concubuit, ex [[Creta]] [[insula]] [[Mycenae|Mycenas]] vivum adduxit<ref>[[Pausanias (scriptor)|Pausanias]], ''[[Graeciae descriptio]]'' I.27.10.</ref>. # [[Diomedes (rex Thracum)|Diomedem]] [[Thracia]]e regem et equos quattuor eius cum Abdero famulo interfecit. # Balteum reginae Amazonis detraxit. # [[Geryon]]em, [[Chrysaor]]is filium, trimembrem telo interfecit. # [[Draco]]nem mala aurea [[Herperides|Hesperidum]] custodientem interfecit. Eodem itinere [[Antaeus|Antaeum]] gigantem luctatione victum interfecit. # [[Cerberus|Cerberum]] ab inferis Eurystheo adduxit<ref>Cf. [[Ausonius|Ausonii]] periocham:<br> Prima Cleonaei tolerata aerumna leonis.<br> Proxima Lernaeam ferro et face contudit hydram.<br> Mox Erymantheum vis tertia perculit aprum.<br> Aeripedis quarto tulit aurea cornua cervi.<br> Stymphalidas pepulit volucres discrimine quinto.<br> Thraeiciam sexto spoliavit Amazona balteo.<br> Septima in Augei stabulis inpensa laboris.<br> Octava expulso numeratur adoria tauro.<br> In Diomedeis victoria nona quadrigis<br> Geryone extincto decimam dat Hiberia palmam.<br> Undecimo mala Hesperidum destricta triumpho.<br> Cerberus extremi suprema est meta laboris.</ref>. == De expeditione Argonautarum == Confectis duodecim laboribus iter per mare cum [[Argonautae|Argonautis]] fecit,<ref>[[Argonautica (Apollonius Rhodius)]]. [[Argonautica (Valerius Flaccus)]], libris I-IV.</ref> [[aureum|aurei]] velleris quaerendi causa. Non tamen usque ad [[Colchis|Colchos]] pervenit cum ceteris comitibus, sed in [[litus|litore]] [[Mysia]]e commoratus est, ubi [[Hylas]] puer quem amabat, dum aquam e fonte sitiens petit, a [[nympha|nymphis]] raptus est. Diu eum frustra quaesivit Hercules nec ad navem [[Argo]] rediit; itaque [[Iason]] invitus sine illo magno heroe proficisci decrevit. Antea in insula [[Lemnos|Lemno]] cum ceteris Argonautis moratus erat, nec tamen liberos ex [[Lemnos|Lemniadibus]] genuit: nam ad navem custodiendam in litore remanserat et comites incepti sui immemores ad profectionem hortatus est. [[Troia]]e filiam regis [[Hesione|Hesionam]] monstro marino liberavit. Magna dona rex [[Laomedon]] ei promiserat, quae postea tamen e [[Mysia]] redeunti Herculi et poscenti negavit; itaque [[Bellum Troianum|bellum cum Troianis]] gessit atque eorum [[urbs|urbem]] delevit. Apud [[Valerius Flaccus|Valerium Flaccum]],<ref>[[Valerius Flaccus]], ''[[Argonautica (Valerius Flaccus)|Argonauticon]]'' IV,58-80 et V 154-176.</ref> antequam [[Troia]]m rediret, a Iove iussus [[Prometheus|Prometheo]] in [[mons|montem]] [[Caucasus|Caucasum]] succurrit et vinculis ac [[vultur]]e liberat. == De Hercule et mulieribus == [[Fasciculus:Herakles Nessos Louvre E803.jpg|thumb|Hercules, [[Deianira]], et [[Nessus]] in hydria [[Attica]] figuris nigris [[saeculum 6 a.C.n.|saeculi VI a.C.n.]] [[Museum Lupariense]].]] Megaram, filiam regis [[Thebae (Graecia)|Thebani]] [[Creon Thebanus|Creontis]], primam uxorem duxisse dicitur, sed et ipsam et liberos ex ea genitos Iunonis ira lacessitus mente captus interfecit. Postea [[Deianira]]m, filiam [[Oetaeus|Oetaei]], regis [[Calydon]]ii, uxorem habuit, quae invita eum interfecit. Dum enim aemulum [[Iole|Iolam]] captivam timet, Deianira tunicam sanguine olim a [[Centaurus|centauro]] [[Nessus|Nesso]] dato illitam marito obtulit. [[Venenum|Veneno]] [[Hydra (mythologia)|hydrae]] cum sanguis mixtus esset, Hercules cruciatus maximos effugere non potuit nisi rogo accenso in quem sese praecipitavit, [[corpus (physica)|corpus]] suum comburens. Pars non mortalis [[Heros|herois]], [[Iuppiter|Iovis]] filii, inter [[deus|deos]] in [[Olympus|Olympum]] recepta est. Praeter haec duo infelicia matrimonia assiduus amator feminarum fuit nec semper vi ad eas rapiendas abstinuit. Seneca<ref>[[Hercules Oetaeus]] 363-376.</ref> enumerat Augen, [[Omphale]]n, Thespiades, [[Hesione]]n . . . ante [[Iole]]n. Multas alias invenire possis in fabulis minus notis. Ut Iole potiretur negante patre Euryto urbem Oechaliam cum magna caede armis cepit atque ipsum regem necavit. Tertiam uxorem in caelum receptus [[Hebe (discretiva)|Heben]] duxit, filiam Iovis et Iunonis, quae [[Ambrosia|ambrosiam]] deis apponebat. == Aetas Romana == In arte [[Etrusci|Etrusca]] Hercules saepissime exponitur, saepe in speculis ex aere factis apparet. Nomen "Hercules" ex [[lingua Etrusca]], ubi variis formis ut puta "Heracle", "Hercle", et aliis invenitur, in [[lingua Romana|linguam Romanam]] venit. Forma Etrusca "Herceler" ex [[syncope (litterae)|syncope]] verbi [[lingua Graeca|Graeci]] "Heracles" orta est. Evocatio ''mehercule'' communis erat.<ref>W. M. Lindsay, "Mehercle and Herc(v)lvs. [Mehercle and Herc(u)lus]" The Classical Quarterly 12.2 (April 1918:58).</ref> Cum Hercule plures [[mythologia|mythi]] coniuncti sunt, qui [[Imperium Romanum|Romanis]] proprii sunt, inter quos fabula de [[Cacus|Caco]] devicto: Cum Hercules itinere fessus in prato inter [[Aventinus mons|Aventinum]] et [[Mons Palatinus|Palatinum]] montem sito obdormisset, latro nomine Cacus nonnullas boves e grege furatus cauda retrorsum tractas in speluncam occultavit. Hercules vero eum clava occidit.<ref>[[Publius Vergilius Maro|Vergil]], [[Aeneis|Aen.]] 8,193-265</ref> [[Euander]] rex autem heroem vaticinationibus praemonitus agnovit atque in hospitium accepit. Sciebat enim filium Iovis ad immortalitatem destinatum esse. Itaque primus ei tamquam deo sacrificare voluit et aram aedificavit. Romani aram Euandri fabulosam cum Ara Maxima in Foro Boario sita, quae Herculi dicata erat, exaequaverunt.<ref>James G. Winter, The Myth of Hercules at Rome (University of Michigan Studies 4) 1910.</ref> [[Publius Vergilius Maro|Vergilius]] et alii quendam [[Potitia (gens)|Potitium]] et [[Pinaria (gens)|Pinarios]] aram statuisse narrat.<ref>Vergi, Aen. 8,269-270: ''primusque Potitius auctor et domus Herculei custos Pinaria sacri''.</ref> Herculi etiam filius [[Aventinus (mythologia)|Aventinus]] ex Rhea sacerdote Romana fuisse traditur. Apud Vergilium legitur: :(7,655) Post hos insignem palma per gramina currum :(7,656) victoresque ostentat equos satus Hercule pulchro :(7,657) pulcher Aventinus, clipeoque insigne paternum :(7,658) centum angues cinctamque gerit serpentibus hydram; :(7,659) collis Aventini silva quem Rhea sacerdos :(7,660) furtivum partu sub luminis edidit oras, :(7,661) mixta deo mulier, postquam Laurentia victor :(7,662) Geryone extincto Tirynthius attigit arva :(7,663) Tyrrhenoque boves in flumine lavit Hiberas. [[Marcus Antonius]] Herculem deum ipsius praesentem habuit et item imperator [[Commodus]]. Hercules variis caeremoniis cultus est, non solum [[Romae]], sed etiam multis locis per [[Hispania]]m [[Gallia]]s que. Narratur Hercules [[Hispalis|Hispalim]] urbem condidisse. [[Columnae Herculis]] ab Hercule factae. [[Plautus]] Herculis originem in [[comoedia]] nomine [[Amphitryon]] descripsit; [[Seneca]] in [[tragoedia]] nomine [[Hercules Furens]] heroem insania afflictum producit. == Templa et topographia == [[Fasciculus:Tesoro di hildesheim, argento, I sec ac-I dc ca., piatto da parata con ercole bambino e i serpenti 01.JPG|thumb|Patella argentea auro polita, quae Herculem duos serpentes trucidantem demonstrat, [[Hildesia]]e, saec. 1 a.C.n., "Altes Museum" (museum antiquum)]] [[Fasciculus:Temple of Hercules Victor 2.jpg|thumb|Templum Herculis Victoris, Romae]] Hercules iam saeculo 6 a.C.n. Romae in templo prope aras [[Carmenta]]e et [[Porta Carmentalis|Portam Carmentalem]] cultus est.<ref>T.P. Wiseman, Remus: A Roman Myth (Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 41-42.</ref> [[Herculis Invicti Ara Maxima]] in [[Forum Boarium|Foro Boario]] sita erat, loco quo Hercules Cacum necavisse traditur. Ara anno [[64]] [[Magnum incendium Romae|magno incendio Romae]] exusta<ref>[[Tacitus]], Ann. 15,41</ref> postea restituta usque ad saeculum quartum exstabat. Sunt, qui reliquias antiquas in crypta ecclesiae [[Sanctae Mariae in Cosmedin]] fundamentum arae Herculis ducant.<ref>Coarelli, F. Il foro boario dalle origini alla fine della repubblica. Edizioni Quasar, Romae, 1992, vol. 2,61-77.</ref><ref>Claridge, A. Rome. Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 256-258.</ref> [[Templum Herculis Victoris]], quod adhuc in Foro Boario exstat, inusitate rotundum est sicut et templum ''Herculis Musarum'', quod olim in [[Circus Flaminius|Circo Flaminio]] situm erat.<ref>Michael Lipka, ''Roman Gods: A Conceptual Approach'' (Brill, 2009), p. 91.</ref> Quidam Fulvius contumelia affectus, quod sibi divitias templis spoliandis praeperaverat, postquam [[censor]] factus est [[porticus|porticum]] templo Herculis addidit, forsitan templo Herculis Magni Custodis in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]]. Deinde statuas [[Musae (deae)|Musarum]] e domo sua ad templum transtulit Herculi dedicandas,<ref>Rüpke, ''Religion in Republican Rome,'' pp. 153–154.</ref> quod templum postea fuit sedes [[collegium|collegii]] poetarum .<ref>Rüpke, ''Religion in Republican Rome,'' p. 154.</ref> Ara Iovis Praestitis [[Tibur]]i ab ipso Hercule constituta esse credita est.<ref>T.P. Wiseman, Remus: A Roman Myth (Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 41.</ref> == Tituli == *'''Hercules Augustus''' sive '''Hercules Augusti''', Hercules protector imperatoris."<ref>Lipka, ''Roman Gods,'' p. 74.</ref> * '''Hercules Invictus''', titulus in Ara Maxima; feminae hoc cultu exclusae erant.<ref>Lipka, ''Roman Gods,'' p. 184.</ref> Etiam ''Hercules Victor''<ref>Rüpke, ''Religion in Republican Rome'', p. 36.</ref> *'''Hercules Magnus''', cuius in honorem [[ludi]] dati sunt (primo a [[Sulla]]).<ref>Lipka, ''Roman Gods,'' p. 45.</ref> *'''Hercules Musarum''' (Graece: ''Heracles Musagetes''), titulus introductus, cum Fulvius Nobilior statuas Musarum templo Herculis dedicavit.<ref>Rüpke, ''Religion in Republican Rome,'' p. 154.</ref> * '''Hercules Olivarius''', titulus a statua Herculis a collegio mercatorum olivarum dedicata tractus.<ref>Celia E. Schultz, ''Women's Religious Activity in the Roman Republic'' (University of North Carolina Press, 2006), p. 63.</ref> * '''Hercules Triumphalis''', a statua in Foro Boario dictus, quae insignibus ''triumphatoris'' Romani ornata erat. Statuae [[Gaius Plinius Secundus|Plinius maior]] mentionem faciens [[Euander|Euandro]] attribuit.<ref>Plinius, ''Naturalis Historia'' 34.33</ref> == Hercules apud Germanos (secundum Tacitum) == [[Tacitus]] narrat et [[Germani|Germanos]] Herculem coluisse: :''Fuisse apud eos et Herculem memorant, primumque omnium virorum fortium ituri in proelia canunt. Sunt illis haec quoque carmina, quorum relatu, quem barditum vocant, accendunt animos futuraeque pugnae fortunam ipso cantu augurantur''.<ref>Tacitus, Germania 3</ref> Quidam Tacitum [[Thorus|Thorum]] deum Germanorum cum Hercule exaequare putant (vide [[interpretatio Romana]]).<ref>Simek, Rudolf: Lexikon der germanischen Mythologie. ed. 3. retractata, Stuttgardiae 2006</ref> == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == *[[Homerus]], [[Odyssea]] 12.072 (saec. 7 a.C.n.) *[[Sophocles]], Trachiniae (ca. 450 a.C.n.) *[[Herodotus]], ''[[Historiae (Herodotus)|Melpomene]]'' 8-10. Circa 430 a.C.n. *[[Euripides]], ''[[Alcestis (Euripides)|Alcestis]]'' (438 a.C.n.), [[Hercules (Euripides)|Hercules]] (416 a.C.n.) *[[Theocritus]], Idyllia, 13 (350–310 a.C.n.) *[[Callimachus]], Aetia, 24. Thiodamas Dryopum, fragm. 160. Hymnus Dianae (310–250? a.C.n.) *[[Apollonius Rhodius]], [[Argonautica (Apollonius Rhodius)|Argonautica]], I. 1175–1280 (ca. 250 a.C.n.) *Pseudo-Apollodorus, [[Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)|Bibliotheca]] 1.9.19, 2.7.7 (140 a.C.n.) *[[Sextus Propertius]], Elegiae, I.20.17ss (50–15 a.C.n.) *[[Ovidius]], [[Metamorphoses (Ovidius)|Metamorphoses]] (8 p.C.n.) *Ovidius, Ibis, 488 (8–18 p.C.n.) *[[Gaius Valerius Flaccus]], [[Argonautica (Valerius Flaccus)|Argonautica]], I.110, III.535, 560, IV.1–57 (saec. 1) *[[Hyginus mythographus]], Fabulae (multis locis) (saec. 1) *[[Philostratus IV|Philostratus maior]], Imagines, II.24 Thiodamas (170–245) *Mythographi Vaticani, 49. Hercules et Hylas == Plura legere si cupis == *Léon Lacroix, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/barb_0001-4133_1974_num_60_1_55129 Héraclès, héros voyageur et civilisateur]", ''Bulletins de l'Académie Royale de Belgique'', 1974ː 34-60 {{NexInt}} * [[Panyasis]] * [[Victoria Berenices]] * [[Convivium Euryti et Heraclis]] * ''[[Morpho hercules]]'' ([[lepidoptera|papilio]]) * [[Hercules Farnesius]] *''[[Non plus ultra]]'' == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Hercules|Herculem}} * [http://www.mythweb.com/hercules/latin/index.html Historia Herculis picta] apud situm mythweb.com * [http://www3.uncc.edu/classics/latin/hercules/herc_texts.htm Historia Herculis (''Ritchie's fabulae faciles'')] apud situm uncc.edu * [http://www.learnlatinlanguage.com/DEMFABULAE.HTM De duodecim laboribus Herculis] apud learnlatinlanguage.com * Imagines Herculis in [http://warburg.sas.ac.uk/vpc/VPC_search/subcats.php?cat_1=5&cat_2=52 ''Musaeo Iconographico Warburgiano''] {{Myrias|Homines}} [[Categoria:Argonautae]] [[Categoria:Hercules|!]] [[Categoria:Progenies Iovis]] [[Categoria:Religio Romana]] ju6ro0br7nep9fdnhd1ezx341xtgu3d 0 3621 3695772 3623386 2022-08-02T17:22:06Z DerMaxdorfer 63015 better image quality wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Röm. Republik- M. Iunius Brutus und L. Plaetorius Cestianus - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5475441.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|M. Iunius Brutus in [[Denarius|denario]] pictus. Verso: EID.MAR. ([[Idus|Eidibus]] Martiis)]] [[Fasciculus:Ppr-brutus.JPG|thumb|[[Petrus Paulus Rubens|Rubens]]: Marcus Iunius Brutus]] '''Marcus Iunius Brutus Caepio''' anno [[85 a.C.n.]] natus et anno [[42 a.C.n.]] mortuus est. [[Senator]] Romanus et tyrannicida [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|C. Iulii Caesaris]] fuit. Pater eius, qui etiam nomen "[[Marcus Iunius Brutus (tribunus plebis)|M. Iunius Brutus]]" tulit, [[tribunus plebis]] fuerat : socius [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 a.C.n.)|Marci Aemilii Lepidi]] in seditione adversus leges Syllanas facta et anno [[77 a.C.n.]] a Pompeio [[Mutina|Mutinae]] obsessus in fidem victoris sese tradidit. Nihilominus Pompeius eum in [[Gallia Cisalpina]] sine iudicio necari iussit<ref>[[Plutarchus]], ''Pompeius'' 16. [[Orosius]] V.22.17.</ref>. Mater eius nomine [[Servilia]] soror [[Marcus Porcius Cato Minor|M. Catonis Uticensis]] erat. Avunculus eius [[Quintus Servilius Caepio (proconsul 90 a.C.n.)|Q. Servilius Caepio]] eum adoptavit et Brutus [[cognomen]] ''Caepio'' nomini suo adiunxit. Sicut pater vetustum statum rei publicae conservare petivit et parti [[optimates|optimatum]] adfuit. Secundo bello civili [[Gnaeus Pompeius|Gnaeo Pompeio]] contra Caesarem, qui [[Rubico]]nem transgresserat, se adiunxit et pugnae prope [[Pharsalus|Pharsalum]] interfuit. Optimatibus hoc proelio victis Caesar tamen eum condonavit. Anno [[46 a.C.n.]] Brutus [[Gallia]]m gubernavit et [[praetor]] creatus est anno [[45 a.C.n.]] Quamquam comes Caesaris erat Brutus caput coniuratorum habetur qui [[Idus|Idibus]] Martiis anni [[44 a.C.n.]] Caesarem interfecerunt. (Hac occasione Caesar "[[Καὶ σὺ τέκνον|{{Polytonic|Καὶ σύ, τέκνον;}}]]", id est "Tu quoque, fili?" exclamavisse dicitur.) Caesare mortuo [[Marcus Antonius|M. Antonium]] [[Octavianus Augustus|Octavianumque]] bello persecutus est, sed secunda acie apud [[Philippi|Philippos]] victus est et postea se ipsum interfecit anno [[42 a.C.n.]] == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == * [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], libro secundo ''Bellorum civilium'' 3-148 necnon libro tertio 87-91, 321-324 et libro quarto 276-278, 316-345, 370-568. * [[Dio Cassius]] libro XLIV et XLVII ''[[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historiae Romanae]]'' passim. * [[Plutarchus]], ''Brutus'' in ''[[Vitae parallelae|Vitis parallelis]]'' **''Caesar'' 62, 66-69 **Antonius 11-15 et 22 ==Si vis plura legere== *Paulus Collart, '[http://www.persee.fr/doc/bch_0007-4217_1931_num_55_1_2866 Brutus et Cassius en Thrace]', ''Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique'' 1931(55) : 423-429 [[Categoria:Politici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 85 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Mortui 42 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] [[Categoria:Magnicidae]] [[Categoria:Victimae Belli Civilis (44-30 a.C.n.)]] 0y9o17hi84lzcccnp00kkdjtf0enx6u 0 6938 3695832 3695398 2022-08-02T21:07:47Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 /* Opera selecta */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Nicolaus Machiavelli'''<ref name="Hof">"[https://www2.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof3/s0006a.html Machiavellus Nicolaus, Florentinus]" in {{Hofmannus}}</ref> sive '''Nicolaus Maclavellus'''<ref>Liber ''Il Principe'' sic Latine dedicatur: "Nicolaus Maclavellus ad magnificum Laurentium Medicem".</ref> (vulgo ''Niccolò Machiavelli''; natus die [[3 Maii]] [[1469]], mortuus die [[21 Iunii]] [[1527]]) fuit [[philosophus]] [[Florentia|Florentinus]] et [[politicus|vir regendae civitatis peritus]]. == De vita == [[Fasciculus:Portrait of Niccolò Machiavelli by Santi di Tito.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Machiavelli a [[Sanctes Titi|Sancte Titi]] pictus.]] Vita Nicolai Machiavelli in tria tempora dividi solet: iuventutem; opera pro [[res publica Florentina|re publica Florentina]] facta; denique annos posteriores, quibus gravissima scripta philosophica composuit. Curriculum Machiavelli diplomaticum et philosophicum plerumque duobus gravissimis eventibus publicis circumscriptum est: Gallica in Italiam invasione anno [[1494]] a [[Carolus VIII (rex Francorum)|Carolo VIII]] facta; et [[Roma]] anno [[1527]] ab exercitu [[Carolus V (imperator)|Caroli V imperatoris]] vastata. === De pueritia et iuventute === Machiavelli die [[3 Maii]] anno [[1469]] natus est ex Bartolomea di Stefano Nelli et [[Bernardus di Niccolò Machiavelli|Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli]], iuris doctore. Cum duabus sororibus et uno fratre crevit Florentiae in regione Sancti Spiritus. Pater eius magnam partem exigui reditus in libros effudit, nam praesertim Ciceronem amasse videtur. Itaque a pueritia Nicolaus multis expositus erat auctoribus classicis, qui apud eum vehementissime valebant. Nam ut ipse dixit, res quae puerum a tenero formant semper postea mores eius moderabuntur.<ref>Machiavelli in ''[[Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio|Discorsi]]'' 3.46.</ref> Non multum de primis annis cognovimus, cum paene nullo uti possimus testimonio certo nisi diario patris (''Libro di Ricordi''), quod anno [[1487]] haberi desitum est. Septem annos natus Nicolaus linguae Latinae studere coepit et paucis annis post opera vernacula in Latinum vertebat. Duodecim annos natus studere coepit apud sacerdotem Paulum da Ronciglione, magistrum clarissimum, qui multos et nobiles homines erudivit. Postea in [[Florentina Studiorum Universitas|Florentina Universitate]] studia sua continuavit. Ab anno 1487 decem proximis annis nulla est memoria actionum Machiavelli. Per proxima tempora multa eventa gravia acciderunt, nam [[Pazzi]] gens contra [[Gens Medicaea|Medices]] anno [[1478]] coniuravit, et quattuor annis post [[Hieronymus Savonarola|Savonarola]] Florentiae praedicare coepit. [[Anni 1490|Annis 1490]]: [[Laurentius Medices|Laurentio Magnifico]] mortuo anno [[1492]] Rodericus Borgia papa creatus est [[Alexander VI|Alexandro VI]] nomine. Savonarola autem, cum aliquot annos alibi praedicavisset, Florentiam reversus ad prioratum Sancti Marci claustri adsignatus est. Anno 1494, cum post invasionem Caroli VIII Medices expulsi essent, Savonarola in auctoritatem crevit, sed ab Alexandro VI papa excommunicatus anno [[1498]] suspensus combustusque est in [[Piazza della Signoria]]. === Magistratus === Nec multo post Savonarolam interfectum Machiavelli munere secretarii in Secunda Cancellaria rei publicae Florentinae ab anno 1498 ad 1512 functus est, cum Medices sine potestate essent. Undetriginta annorum erat, nec priorem habebat civilium rerum experientiam. Mense uno postquam ad cancellariam designatus erat, etiam delectus est Secretarius ad Decem, qui bellis committendis consulerent. Mense Novembri 1498 primum suscepit mandatum diplomaticum, quod breve iter [[Plumbinum (Tuscia)|Plumbinum]] poposcit. Anno 1499 Martio mense missus est [[Pons Herae|Pontem Herae]] conciliator, qui de mercede sedaret controversiam, qua [[Iacobus d'Appiano]] mercennariorum militum dux se implicuerat. Inde ab anno 1500 Machiavelli complures legatorum officia suscepit, quae interdum longiorem a domo absentiam poscebant. Mense Augusto 1501 Machiavelli Mariettam di Ludovico Corsini in matrimonium duxit. Anno [[1502]] constitutio Florentiae ita mutata est, ut [[Petrus Soderini]] per totam vitam praefectus urbi (''gonfaloniere'') esse posset. Cuius adsensu Machiavelli militiam Florentinam creavit, ne urbi ad [[miles mercennarius|milites mercennarios]] confugere opus esset. Praeterea anno 1507 delectus est cancellarius ad Novem nuper constitutos, quibus militiae consulendum erat. == Machiavelli homo litteratus == Anno 1494 nobilis [[gens Medicaea]] cum fautoribus potestatem amiserunt. Hoc tempore turbido Machiavelli sub patronatu Petri Soderini gonfalonarii Florentinorum vivebat, donec Medices anno [[1512]] pontificiis adiuvantibus copiis, militiam armatam rei publicae vicerunt imperiumque dissolverunt. Qua in vicissitudine vehementissima Machiavelli victimae sortem passus est, nam initio punitus est exsilio interno sed, cum coniurationis haberet suspicionem (iniustam quidem), anno 1513 per complures septimanas in custodiam coniectus et excruciatus est. In secessu suo pernecessario Machiavelli litteris operam dedit, nam versus fabulasque componebat,<ref>Martinez 2010.</ref> gestasque res describebat. Praeterea arte militari lectores instruxit. Maximum tamen nomen habuit in deliberabundis operibus, quae eo consilio scripsit, ut priorem in re publica Florentina statum quem solus inter collegas amiserat recuperaret. Festinanter composuisse videtur librum [[de principe]] (''Il principe''), quod [[magnum opus]] mense Decembri 1513 completum tandem anno 1610 in Latinum conversum est. Qui liber [[Laurentius Petri filius Medices|Laurentio Medici]] duci [[Urbinum|Urbini]] dedicatus est. Anno 1513 insuper altero libro suas de regenda civitate opiniones proferre ingressus est. Tunc quidem in scribendo lentius festinavit, nam ad annum 1519 in hoc opere permansisse videtur. Qui liber ''Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio'' inscriptus partim ex disceptationibus sive "discursibus" in [[horti Oricellarii|hortis Oricellariis]] sub patrocinio [[Bernardus Oricellarius|Bernardi Oricellarii]] habitis crevisse videtur. Qui "discursus" speciem prae se ferunt commentariorum in primam decadem [[Titus Livius|Livii]] ''[[Ab urbe condita libri|Romanarum historiarum]]'', quamquam, quodnam sit optimum rei publicae genus, re vera ponderat. Machiavelli ultimis vitae annis in gratiam gentis Medicaeae paulatim rediit, adiuvantibus amicis societate Medicibus conectis. Anno 1520 Iulius de' Medici cardinalis Nicolao Machiavelli, ut Historiam Florentinam componeret, mandavit. Quod mandatum anno 1525 feliciter peregit cardinalique, qui [[Clemens VII (papa)|Clemens VII]] Romae anno [[1523]] papa creatus erat, praesentavit. Aliaque parva negotia e Medicium gubernatione edebantur, sed antequam plenam recuperationem consequi potuit, die 21 mensis Iunii anno 1527 mortuus est. == De Machiavellismo, qui dicitur == ''De principe'' liber lectorum animos multis modis commovit, nam sunt, qui scriptorem "magistrum mali" nuncuparent, quod hominibus prava agendi consilia daret. Qui cogitandi modus vulgo [[Machiavellismus]] appellatur. Permulti quidem sunt, qui voluntatem Nicolai Machiavelli omnino aliter interpretantur. == Opera selecta == * ''Il Principe'' (1513-15 / 1532), editio Latina ''[[De principe]]'' a Sylvestro Telio curata (1560) * ''[[Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio]]'' (1513–1519) * ''Dell'arte della guerra'' (1519–1520), editio Latina ''[[De arte militari]]'' (Argentorati, impensis Lazari Zetzneri, 1610) * ''La vita di Castruccio Castracani da Lucca'', 1520. * ''De migrationibus populorum septentrionalium post devictos a Mario Cimbros et de ruina Imperii Romani'' liber, Hanoviae 1601 * ''Istorie fiorentine'' (1520–1525), Latine ''[[Historia Florentina]]'', 1610. * ''[[Discorso o dialogo intorno alla nostra lingua]]'', 1730. * ''Clizia'', comoedia * ''L'asino d'oro'', 1517. * ''[[La mandragola|Mandragola]]'', comoedia, 1518. * ''Epistolario'', 1497–1527, in qua [[Epistula Nicolai Maclavelli ad Franciscum Victorium (10 Decembris 1513)]] == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Atkinson, James B. (2010) Niccolò Machiavelli: A Portrait. ''The Cambridge Companion to Machiavelli'', ed. John M. Najemy, 14-30. Cambridge University Press. * Baluch, Faisal (2018) Machiavelli as Philosopher, ''Review of Politics, 80(2): 289–300. * Benner, Erica (2013) ''Machiavelli’s Prince: A New Reading''. Oxford University Press. * Black, Robert (2013) ''Machiavelli''. Routledge. * Black, Robert (2010) Machiavelli in the Chancery. ''The Cambridge Companion to Machiavelli'', 31-47, ed. John M. Najemy. Cambridge University Press. * Capponi, Niccolò (2010) ''An Unlikely Prince: The Life and Times of Machiavelli''. Da Capo Press. * Celenza, Christopher S. (2015) ''Machiavelli: A Portrait''. Harvard University Press. * Femia, Joseph V. (2004) ''Machiavelli Revisited''. University of Wales Press. * Ferroni, Giulio (2012) [http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/niccolo-machiavelli_%28Il-Contributo-italiano-alla-storia-del-Pensiero:-Filosofia%29/ Niccolò Machiavelli]. ''Il Contributo italiano alla storia del Pensiero – Filosofia''. Trecccani. * Franceschini, Fabrizio (2011) [http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/niccolo-machiavelli_%28Enciclopedia-dell%27Italiano%29/ Machiavelli, Niccolò]. ''Enciclopedia dell'Italiano'' Treccani. * Inglese, Giorgio (2006) Machiavelli, Niccolò. ''Dizionario biografico degli Italiani''. Treccani. * Lefort, Claude (1972) ''Le travail de l’oeuvre Machiavel''. Gallimard. * Martinez, Ronald L. (2010) Comedian, Tragedian: Machiavelli and Traditions of Renaissance Theater. ''The Cambridge Companion to Machiavelli'', ed. John M. Najemy, 206-222. Cambridge University Press. * Nederman, Cary J. (2009) ''Machiavelli: A Beginner’s Guide''. Oneworld. * Prezzolini, Giuseppe (1967) ''Machiavelli''. Farrar, Straus & Giroux. * Ruffo-Fiore, Silvia (1990) ''Niccolò Machiavelli: An Annotated Bibliography of Modern Criticism and Scholarship''. Greenwood Press. * Vivanti, Corrado (2013) ''Niccolò Machiavelli: An Intellectual Biography'', Princeton: Princeton University Press. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{vicifons|Scriptor:Nicolaus Maclavellus}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maclavellus, Nicolaus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1469]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1527]] [[Categoria:Humanistae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Italiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de re politica]] [[Categoria:Philosophi]] [[Categoria:Auctores Italiani]] [[Categoria:Nicolaus Maclavellus|!]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Homines}} 8n18c4l6k12lod0tj9zyqjye29rvm7k 0 7202 3695817 3621622 2022-08-02T20:15:48Z CleverBrownie 88811 Latinitatem et realia correxi. wikitext text/x-wiki {{L-1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue_of_Zeus.jpg|thumb|300px|Dios statua]] '''Zeus''' ([[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ζεύς}}, gen. {{Polytonic|Δίος}}) est interpretatio [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graeca]] dei Romani [[Iuppiter (deus)|Iovis]]. Qui filius est [[Cronus|Croni]] et [[Rhea]]e. Cronus cum intellegeret se ab ipso filio caesum iri, comedit liberos suos. Sed Rhea tristis noluit liberos caedi et Iove nato Crono lapidem, quem interdum [[Abadir]] vocant, pro filio dedit; puero autem in insula [[Creta]] in antrum quoddam abdito capram dedit, quae eum nutriret. == Vita == Zeus Crono et Rhea natus a matre sua ad Cretam missus est. Ibi deus a [[nympha|nymphis]] in antro montis Idae est nutritus. == Declinatio nominis == Declinatio nominis "Zeus" Graece, ut nominis "Iuppiter" Latine, irregularis est. {| border="1" |- | '''[[Casus]]''' || '''Forma''' || '''Translitteratio''' || '''Latine''' |- | ''[[nominativus|nom.]]'' || Ζεύς || ''Zeus'' || Iuppiter |- | ''[[genitivus|gen.]]'' || Διός || ''Dios'' || Iovis |- | ''[[dativus|dat.]]'' || Διί || ''Dii'' || Iovi |- | ''[[accusativus|acc.]]''|| Δία || ''Dia'' || Iovem |- | ''[[vocativus|voc.]]'' ||| Ζεῦ || ''Zeu'' || Iuppiter |- |} {{NexInt}} * [[Hera]] * [[5731 Zeus]] == Nexus externus == {{communia|Zeus}} [[Categoria:Iuppiter (deus)|!]] [[Categoria:Dei Graeci]] {{Myrias|Philosophia}} 3urq7m12i1h4k0ri0lgxy1xjbfkegg4 0 7975 3695812 3693258 2022-08-02T19:54:44Z Petrus Tectander 55452 /* Opera */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:Arngrímur_Jónsson.jpg|thumb|Arngrimus Ionas doctus. Legitur in hac caelatura anno 1592 a Georgio Dedekenio effecta: ''Dominus Arngrimus Ionas Islandus Widalinus anno aetatis XXIIII. Fides instar aquilae.'']] '''Arngrimus Ionas''' (aut '''Ionae filius''', [[Lingua Islandica|Islandice]] ''Arngrímur Jónsson,'' agnomine ''lærði,'' id est ''doctus;'' anno [[1568]] natus Audunarstadis in valle Vididalensi, mortuus Melstadio Midfiordensium in Islandia boreali die 27 Iunii anno [[1648]]) fuit [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] et [[theologus]] [[Islandia|Islandicus]]. Aetate progrediente sibi ipsi cognomen secundum solum natale ''Widalinum'' ^[sic] indidit, quod etiam nonnulli posterorum eius sibi imponebant.<ref>Jakob Benediktsson: ''The Life and Career of Arngrímur Jónsson.'' — Jakob Benediktsson (edidit): ''Arngrimi Jonæ opera Latine conscripta,'' Bibliotheca Arnamagnæana, vol. XII (Hafniae: Ejnar Munksgaard, 1957, ISBN 978-87-635-3359-1, p. 4.</ref> == Vita == Fuit filius Ionae Ioannis filii ex uxore Ingibiorga Lofti filia. Testimonio suo Arngrimus octo annos natus [[Hola|Holis]] in domum familiamque consobrini [[Gudbrandus Thorlacius|Gudbrandi Thorlacii]], tum Holensis episcopi, adscitus est<ref>Arngrímur Jónsson: ''Ἀποτριβὴ'' ''virulentae et atrocis calumniae.'' — J. Moses, Hamburgi 1622, pag. 27.</ref>, ubi posthac adulescens in Lyceo Holano ampla fruebatur eruditione. Anno 1598 Solveigam Gunnari filiam (~1570–1627) in matrimonium duxit, ex qua liberos quattuor sustulit, sed tres modo ad aetatem pervenerunt: Helga (1599–1646), Gunnarus (~1600–1642), Ionas (~1610–1658). Mortua Solveiga coniuge ad secundas transiit nuptias anno 1628, Sigridam ducens, filiam Biorni Gamalielis filii, patruelis Gudbrandi Thorlacii. Septem e novem liberorum ex secundo isto coniugio susceptorum superstites esse traduntur: Thorchellus (1629–1677), Solveiga (~1630–1703), Ingibiorga (~1630–?), Thorlacus (1631–1673), Biarnius (1638–1690), Gudbrandus (1639–1719), Hilda (1643–1725)<ref>Jón Halldórsson: ''Um séra Arngrím Jónsson officialis.'' — Hannes Þorsteinsson (edidit): ''Biskupasögur Jóns prófasts Haldórssonar í­ Hí­tardal''. II., Hólabiskupar 1551−1798. Prentsmiðjan Gutenberg, Reykiavicae 1915, pag. 75–79.</ref><ref>Finnur Jónsson: ''De Arngrimo Jonæ.'' — ''Finni Johannæi Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ. Tomus III.'' Gerhard Giese Salicath, Hafniae 1775, pag. 443–449.</ref>. Septem decem annos natus in [[Universitas Hafniensis|Academia Hafniensi]] receptus est ibique quadriennium Musis militavit, quo exacto, in patriam reversus, anno 1589 Lyceo Holano rector praepositus est. Eodem anno sacris initiatus esse ac [[Capellanus|capellani cathedralis]] seu coadiutoris episcopi munus suscepisse videtur; ferunt eum rectoris officio usque ad annum 1595 aut 1598 functum esse. At tamen inde ab anno 1596 usque ad annum 1628 Arngrimum [[Vicarius generalis|vicarium episcopalis]] fuisse et [[Episcopatus (discretiva)|dioecesin]] Holensem tantisper administrasse constat, dum Gudbrandus Thorlacius, accepta [[apoplexia]] diutius aegrotatione laborans, anno 1627 fatis concessit. Sacerdos etiam in [[paroecia]] Melstadensi factus est, quo loco sedem ac domilicium constituit. Non solum fuit episcopi coadiutor familiarissimus, sed etiam [[Iuris consultus|causarum actor]] fidelissimus in gravibus illius causis, quapropter anno 1592 per [[Hamburgum]] et [[Rostochium]] [[Hafnia|Hafniam]] profectus est, ut litem Gudbrandi ad iudicium regium deferret. Moratus est Hafniae usque in annum 1593. Amicitiis in itinere iunctis, imprimis cum [[Georgius Dedekenius|Georgio Dedekenio]], [[David Chytraeus|Davide Chytraeo]], [[Philippus Nicolai|Philippo Nicolai]] aliisque, haec peregrinatio (atque altera in [[Dania|Daniam]] anno 1602) magni momenti fuit.   Libris Latine conscriptis extraneorum virorum doctorum animos ad [[Islandia|Islandiam]] mediaevalem et eius historiam priscamque litteraturam flexit, ita ut parens [[Renascentia litterarum|aetatis renatarum litterarum]] Islandicarum haberi possit. Ab ipso [[Christianus IV (rex Daniae)|Christiano IV]] Daniae rege in mandatis habuit, ut antiquos [[Codex|membraneos codices]] conquireret, eorum quosdam in Latinum sermonem verteret eosque Hafniam mitteret, laboris mercedem accipiens annuos canones nobilis praedii Hallbjarnareyri. Erat epistularum commercium inter Arngrimum et nonnullos viros doctos, exempli gratia [[Olaus Wormius|Olaum Wormium]], [[Stephanus Stephanius|Stephanum Stephanium]] et supra dictum Davidem Chytraeum. Flos primus industriae litterarum eius erat liber ille Hafniae anno 1593 editus ac ''[[Brevis commentarius de Islandia|Brevis Commentarius de Islandia]]'' inscriptus, quo quasdam de Islandia opiniones corrigere et emendare conatus est. Arngrimus enim ad studium laboremque incitatus erat carmine Saxonico ''[[iarchive:bub_gb_w1QvAAAAYAAJ|Van Ysslandt]],'' id est ''De Islandia,'' [[Lingua Saxonica|dialecto Hamburgensi]] videlicet a quodam Gories Peerse composito, qui Islandorum vitam, mores, consuetudines permultis locis laceraverat. Carmen ipsum cum neglegendum ac iure nullo respectu dignum esset, tamen Dithmarus quidam Blefkenius his versibus inniti visus est famoso suo libello, cui index est ''[https://books.google.de/books?id=Kc1AAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=blefken+islandia&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiy9N7h67fYAhWCLVAKHcqUAPgQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=blefken%20islandia&f=false Islandia] sive populorum et mirabilium, quae in ea insula reperiuntur, accuratior descriptio; cui de Gronlandia sub finem quaedam adiecta'' ([[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]] 1607)<ref>Viktor Hantzsch: ''Blefken, Dithmar.'' — ''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie'' (ADB). Tomus 47, Duncker & Humblot, Lipsiae 1903, pag. 17–19. </ref>. Libellus iste, celeriter a litteratorum publico perceptus, in [[Lingua Batava|linguam Batavicam]] (1608), [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodiscam]] (1613), ex parte in [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallicam]] (1644) conversus et usque in sequens saeculum compluribus editionibus divulgatus est. Qua de causa Arngrimus in istum libellum defensionem scripsit polemicam, cui titulum fecit ''[https://books.google.de/books?id=O75BAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=anatome+blefkenianae&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjr1o247LfYAhUCb1AKHc8gBPEQ6AEIRTAE#v=onepage&q=anatome%20blefkenianae&f=false Anatomes Blefkenianae]'', et alteram, cum descriptiones Blefkenii etiam aliis scriptoribus velut [[David Fabricius|Davidi Fabricio]] fundamento essent, ''Epistolam pro patria defensoriam'' inscriptam. Videtur ex Arngrimi palmario, titulum habente ''[https://books.google.de/books?id=OL5BAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=crymogaea&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiY28qc7LfYAhXLYVAKHQMJDfEQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=crymogaea&f=false Crymogaeae]'' (Graece ''Frigidae'' seu ''Glacialis terrae''), quod peritior erat in historiam exponendam quam in geographiam vel naturam describendam. Mentionem de vitae Islandorum condicionibus facit modo praeteriens, sed linguam, litteras, civitatem Islandiae ab inventione insulae usque ad [[Saeculum 17|saeculum XVII]] satis superque tractat. Contendit quoque linguam Islandicam sui temporis esse [[Lingua Nordica antiqua|antiquam linguam terrarum septentrionalium]], eandem scilicet linguam, quae in monumentis [[Runae|Runicis]] reperiri possit ac [[Lingua Gothica|Gothicae linguae]] cognata sit; ceteroqui eam et Latinae et Graecae linguis aequat poscitque, ut pura sustineri debeat. Arngrimus ''Vetus Pactum,'' quod Islandice ''[https://is.wikisource.org/wiki/Gamli_sáttmáli Gamli sáttmáli]'' dicitur, amissionem quidem libertatis appellavit, nequedum de restitutione liberae rei publicae Islandiae cogitavit. Immo, reges Daniae et Norvegiae multis verbis laudavit propter eorum curam tutelamque subditorum Islandicorum<ref>Gunnar Karlsson: ''Den islandske renæssance''. — Annette Lassen (edidit): ''Det norrøne og det nationale.'' Háskóli Íslands, Reykiavicae 2006, pag. 29–40, 31–33.</ref>. ''Specimen Islandiae historicum'' liber ultimus Arngrimi fuit; quo occupationem insulae (Islandice ''landnám'') describit negatque Islandiam esse [[Thule|Thulen]]. Aliquot annos ante composuerat scriptum magis biographicum, ''Apotribe virulentae et atrocis calumniae'' inscriptum. Constat eum [[poema]]tibus Latinis ac Islandicis expertum esse. Praeterea scripta quaedam forensia in [[Sermo patrius|patrio]] atque alia opuscula in Latino [[sermo]]ne composuit. == Opera == * ''Idea veri Magistratus'', [Hafniae 1589], opus ineditum et perditum * ''Brevis commentarius de Islandia'', Hafniae 1593 * ''Historia Jomsburgensium'' (conversio Latina libelli ''Jómsvíkingasaga''), primum in lucem edita Hafniae 1877 * ''Supplementum Historiae Norvegicae,'' 1596/97 * ''Rerum Danicarum Fragmenta,'' 1596/97 * ''Psalmur í­ Davíðs Psaltara sá XCI af Síra Arngrí­mi Jónssyni,'' Holis 1598 * ''Soliloquia de passione Iesu Christi'' (Islandice), [Holis] 1599, 1651, 1662, 1677, 1697 * ''Crymogaea sive Rerum Islandicarum Libri III'' (1597-1602), Hamburgi 1609, 1610, 1614, 1618 * ''Gronlandia'' (1597-1602), Islandice ''Gronlandia eður Grænlandssaga,'' [[Scalholtum|Scalholti]] 1688, Danice ''Grönlandia eller Historie om Grønland,'' Hafniae 1732 * ''Theoria vel Speculum vitae aeternae / Speigell Eilifz Lijfs,'' [Holis] 1607 * ''Anatome Blefkeniana,'' Holis 1612, Hamburgi 1613 * ''Epistola pro patria defensoria,'' Hamburgi 1618 * ''Krosskveðjur þess heilaga kjenniföðurs,'' [Holis] 1618 * ''Biblia parva eður Almennilegur Catechismus'' (1590) * ''Ἀποτριβὴ'' ''[Apotribe] virulentae et atrocis calumniae,'' Hamburgi 1622 * ''Ἀθανασία [Athanasia] sive nominis ac famae Immortalitas reverendi ac incomparabilis viri Dn. Gudbrandi Thorlacii,'' Hamburgi 1630 * ''Specimen Islandiae historicum et magna ex parte chorographicum,'' Amstelodami 1643. {{NexInt}} * [[Brevis commentarius de Islandia]] * [[Gudbrandus Thorlacius]] * [[Islandia]] {{Lifetime|1568|1648|Arngrimus Ionas}} [[Categoria:Auctores Latini recentiores]] [[Categoria:Historici Islandiae]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Islando-Latini]] [[Categoria:Poetae Latini]] [[Categoria:Poetae Islandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Islandiae]] == Notae == <references /> ffabkpfsdhcb50wkp34eihsmfyfgcvh 0 18161 3695813 3621279 2022-08-02T19:54:51Z CleverBrownie 88811 Latinitatem correxi atque de Hieronymo memoravi. wikitext text/x-wiki {{Papa | Imago =[[Fasciculus:Saintdamasus.jpg|200px|Sanctus Damasus, anno 1840 pictus]]| Nomen papae= Damasus I| Nomen = Damasus | Natus = (circiter [[305]] | Obit = [[11 Decembris|XI Decembris]] [[383]])| Predecessor = [[Liberius]] | Papa = [[366]]- [[383]]| Successor = [[Siricius]]| }} '''Damasus''' (natus circiter [[305]] [[Roma]]e - obiit die [[11 Decembris]] [[383]]), fuit [[Episcopus Romanus|episcopus Romae]] ac [[Papa]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] circiter a die [[1 Octobris]] [[366]].<ref>Biographisch-Bibliographischen Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) </ref> Qui est etiam [[Sanctus patronus|Sanctus Patronus]] [[archaeologia|archaeologorum]] cum [[Helena (sancta)|Sancta Helena]]. == Vita == De vita Damasi, antequam papa factus est, pauca nota sunt. Cuius pater quidam Antonius, [[presbyter]] ecclesiae [[Sanctus Laurentius|Sancti Laurentii]], scilicet e [[Hispania]] aut [[Lusitania]] veniebat. == Pontificatus == Post [[mors|mortem]] [[papa]]e [[Liberius|Liberii]] die [[24 Septembris]] [[366]] pars [[presbyter]]orum Romanorum, qui [[Liberius|Liberium]] sustentaverat, [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] papam creavit, invicem socii [[antipapa]]e [[Felix II|Felicis II]] Damasum elegerunt. Proelia acerrima fuerunt et 137 mortui e basilica Sicinini uno die extulerunt.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiannus Marcellinus]] XXVII.3.11-15</ref> Tum [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] [[Viventius]] violentia Christianorum perterritus quos cohibere non poterat in suburbium quoddam prudenter sese recepit. Praefectus urbis [[Vettius Agorius Praetextatus]], qui paganus erat, Damaso auxilium dedit et Ursinum Roma expulit. [[Imperator]] [[Valentinianus I]] electionem Damasi confirmavit et Ursinum exsul [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniam Agrippinam]] ire debuit. Dies feriae papae Damasi est [[11 Decembris]]. [[Hieronymus|Sanctum Hieronymum]] emonuit ut [[Biblia Vulgata]] scripta fuerint. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/liberpontificalis.html Fontes Latinae de papis usque ad annum 530] (Papa [[Felix IV]]) ** [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/liberpontificalis1.html#XLIII. Liber pontificalis] * [http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/01_01_0366-0383-_Damasus_I,_Sanctus.html Opera Omnia] {{Communia| Damasus I }} {{papa-stipula}} {{papae}} [[Categoria:Papae]] [[Categoria:Sancti]] [[Categoria:Mortui 383]] [[Categoria:Nati 305]] s0k5vmtkir360sbbhrk5m2rzjswezdl 0 21089 3695811 2756305 2022-08-02T19:53:41Z Petrus Tectander 55452 /* Ignotis diebus */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{decennium|112|MCXVIII}} == Eventa == === Mense Ianuario === * [[24 Ianuarii]] - [[Gelasius II]] novus papa electus est. === Mense Martio === * [[8 Martii]] - [[Gregorius VIII (antipapa)|Gregorius VIII]] iussu [[Henricus V (imperator)|Henrici V]] imperatoris [[antipapa]] electus est. === Mense Augusto === * [[15 Augusti]] - [[Ioannes II Comnenus]] post mortem patris (vide infra) [[Imperatores Constantinopolitani|imperator]] novus [[Imperium Romanum Orientale|Romanorum orientalium]] factus est. === Mense Decembri === * [[18 Decembris]] - Copiae [[Alphonsus I (rex Aragoniae)|Alphonsi I]] regis [[Regnum Aragoniae|Aragoniae]] urbem [[Mauri|Maurorum]] [[Caesaraugusta]]m diu obsessam expugnaverunt. === Diebus ignotis === * [[Cygnea]] urbs [[Saxonia]]e primo in actis descripta est. == Nati == * [[28 Novembris]] - [[Manuel I Comnenus]], [[Imperatores Constantinopolitani|Imperator Constantinopolitanus]] * [[21 Decembris]] - [[Thomas a Becket]], [[archiepiscopus]] Cantuariae (mortuus die [[29 Decembris]] [[1170]]) * Die ignoto - [[Gualdinus Pais]], [[Templarii|Templariorum]] magister; mortuus est anno [[1195]]. == Mortui == === Mense Ianuario === * [[21 Ianuarii]] - [[Paschalis II]] papa; natus est ignoto anno. === Mense Maio === * [[1 Maii]] - [[Edgitha (uxor Henrici I, regis Angliae)|Edgitha]], uxor regis [[Henricus I (rex Angliae)|Henrici I]]; nata est circa annum [[1080]]. === Mense Iulio === * [[7 Iulii]] - [[Florentius Vigornensis]], monachus Anglicus et scriptor, notissimus ob opus "Chronicum ex Chronicis", scilicet historiam mundi a Creatione usque ad annum [[1080]]; natus est ignoto anno. === Mense Augusto === * [[15 Augusti]] - [[Alexius I Comnenus]], [[Imperatores Constantinopolitani|Imperator Constantinopolitanus]] ab anno [[1081]]; natus est anno [[1048]]. === Ignotis diebus === * [[Gissurus Isleifi filius]], [[episcopus]] [[Scalholtum|Scalholtensis]] ab anno [[1082]]; natus est anno [[1042]]. 3i5zgcx58qc9gkdle2w5r4itc18va25 0 21181 3695809 2756279 2022-08-02T19:51:06Z Petrus Tectander 55452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{decennium|105}} '''1042''' = MXLII == Eventa == *[[Eduardus Confessor (rex Anglorum)|Eduardus Confessor]], rex Anglorum == Nati == * [[Gissur Isleifsson]], [[episcopus]] [[Scalholtum|Scalholtensis]] ab anno [[1082]]; mortuus est anno [[1118]]. == Mortui == {{Mortui desiderati}} ltr0i9b2l7s9kbfjnq520sklcee2aqr 3695810 3695809 2022-08-02T19:51:54Z Petrus Tectander 55452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{decennium|105}} '''1042''' = MXLII == Eventa == *[[Eduardus Confessor (rex Anglorum)|Eduardus Confessor]], rex Anglorum == Nati == * [[Gissurus Isleifi filius]], [[episcopus]] [[Scalholtum|Scalholtensis]] ab anno [[1082]]; mortuus est anno [[1118]]. == Mortui == {{Mortui desiderati}} d0qxb275v99e7p7ncm2p42cgbujjo3i 0 24671 3695775 3147551 2022-08-02T18:09:27Z Petrus Tectander 55452 Nomina et fontes obsoletos curavi, rem paulo auxi wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:SkalholtInWinter.jpg|thumb|right|Scalholtum in hieme.]] '''Scalholtum''' {{victio|Scalholtum|i|n}}<ref>[https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholti Locativus: Scalholti]; nomen etiam ''Schalholtum'' scriptum invenies.</ref> (seu '''Skalholtum'''<ref>Vide formas apud [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=HISTORIA+ECCLESIASTICA+ISLANDIÆ&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholti ''Bibliothecam Nationalem Islandiae (Landsbókasafn Íslands)''] {{ling|Islandice}}, {{ling|Latine}}.</ref>, '''Scalholtia''' {{victio|Scalholtia|ae|f}}<ref>Nicolaus Petrus Sibbern: ''Bibliotheca historica Dano-Norvegica.'' Hamburgi et Lipsiae 1716, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Nicolai_Petri_Sibbern_Bibliotheca_histor/lKBbAAAAQAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholtia&pg=PA71&printsec=frontcover p. 71]; nomen etiam ''Schalholtia'' scriptum est.</ref> et deteriore forma '''Scalotum'''<ref>''Scalotum'' seu ''Schalotum'' sunt formae dubia auctoritate, quibus Islandi numquam usi sunt. In Lexicis autem et in operibus geographicis in Continente Europaea editis est forma mire frequentissima. Plura de omnibus hisce formis legi possunt in disputatione huius rei.</ref>, [[Lingua Islandica|Islandice]] ''Skálholt'', [[Lingua Nordica antiqua]] ''Skálaholt'') est locus historicus in [[Islandia]] australi ad flumen ''Hvítá'' situs. [[Isleifus Gissuri filius]], primus episcopus Islandiae, anno 1057 Scalholti cathedram episcopalem fundavit, cui etiam scholam adiunctam fuisse constat, ex qua [[Ioannes Ögmundi filius|Ionas Ogmundi filius]], primus [[Episcopi Holenses|episcopus Holensis]], exierit.<ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Crymogaea sive Rerum Islandicarum libri III.'' Hamburgi 1610 et 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Crymogaea_sive_rerum_islandicarum_libri/8_dGKM-4scoC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholltia&pg=PA106&printsec=frontcover p. 106]</ref> Anno 1075 [[Adamus Bremensis]] scripsit Scalholtum (ab ipso ''Scaldholz'' nominatum) esse maximam civitatem Islandiae.<ref>''Adami Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum'', ex recensione Lappenbergii. Hannoverae 1846, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Adami_gesta_Hammaburgensis_ecclesiae_pon/i2VtT2HmgF8C?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=gesta+hammaburgensis+ecclesiae+pontificum+scaldholz&pg=PA211&printsec=frontcover p. 211]: "Civitas ibi maxima Scaldholz."</ref> == Nexus interni == * [[Episcopi Scalholtenses]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} * [http://www.skalholt.is Situs publicus Scalholti] [[Categoria:Urbes Islandiae]] {{stipula}} l5w6hdrvgb0p72vvvkhvv38va2sde0d 3695776 3695775 2022-08-02T18:10:21Z Petrus Tectander 55452 Petrus Tectander movit paginam [[Scalotum]] ad [[Scalholtum]]: Scalotum -> Scalholtum (vide disputationem) wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:SkalholtInWinter.jpg|thumb|right|Scalholtum in hieme.]] '''Scalholtum''' {{victio|Scalholtum|i|n}}<ref>[https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholti Locativus: Scalholti]; nomen etiam ''Schalholtum'' scriptum invenies.</ref> (seu '''Skalholtum'''<ref>Vide formas apud [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=HISTORIA+ECCLESIASTICA+ISLANDIÆ&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholti ''Bibliothecam Nationalem Islandiae (Landsbókasafn Íslands)''] {{ling|Islandice}}, {{ling|Latine}}.</ref>, '''Scalholtia''' {{victio|Scalholtia|ae|f}}<ref>Nicolaus Petrus Sibbern: ''Bibliotheca historica Dano-Norvegica.'' Hamburgi et Lipsiae 1716, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Nicolai_Petri_Sibbern_Bibliotheca_histor/lKBbAAAAQAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholtia&pg=PA71&printsec=frontcover p. 71]; nomen etiam ''Schalholtia'' scriptum est.</ref> et deteriore forma '''Scalotum'''<ref>''Scalotum'' seu ''Schalotum'' sunt formae dubia auctoritate, quibus Islandi numquam usi sunt. In Lexicis autem et in operibus geographicis in Continente Europaea editis est forma mire frequentissima. Plura de omnibus hisce formis legi possunt in disputatione huius rei.</ref>, [[Lingua Islandica|Islandice]] ''Skálholt'', [[Lingua Nordica antiqua]] ''Skálaholt'') est locus historicus in [[Islandia]] australi ad flumen ''Hvítá'' situs. [[Isleifus Gissuri filius]], primus episcopus Islandiae, anno 1057 Scalholti cathedram episcopalem fundavit, cui etiam scholam adiunctam fuisse constat, ex qua [[Ioannes Ögmundi filius|Ionas Ogmundi filius]], primus [[Episcopi Holenses|episcopus Holensis]], exierit.<ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Crymogaea sive Rerum Islandicarum libri III.'' Hamburgi 1610 et 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Crymogaea_sive_rerum_islandicarum_libri/8_dGKM-4scoC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholltia&pg=PA106&printsec=frontcover p. 106]</ref> Anno 1075 [[Adamus Bremensis]] scripsit Scalholtum (ab ipso ''Scaldholz'' nominatum) esse maximam civitatem Islandiae.<ref>''Adami Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum'', ex recensione Lappenbergii. Hannoverae 1846, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Adami_gesta_Hammaburgensis_ecclesiae_pon/i2VtT2HmgF8C?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=gesta+hammaburgensis+ecclesiae+pontificum+scaldholz&pg=PA211&printsec=frontcover p. 211]: "Civitas ibi maxima Scaldholz."</ref> == Nexus interni == * [[Episcopi Scalholtenses]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} * [http://www.skalholt.is Situs publicus Scalholti] [[Categoria:Urbes Islandiae]] {{stipula}} l5w6hdrvgb0p72vvvkhvv38va2sde0d 3695814 3695776 2022-08-02T19:58:35Z Petrus Tectander 55452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:SkalholtInWinter.jpg|thumb|right|Scalholtum in hieme.]] '''Scalholtum''' {{victio|Scalholtum|i|n}}<ref>[https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholti Locativus: Scalholti]; nomen etiam ''Schalholtum'' scriptum invenies.</ref> (seu '''Skalholtum'''<ref>''Scripta historica Islandorum'', tom. 12, Hafniae 1826, [https://baekur.is/bok/000121942/12/546/Scripta_historica#page/n545/mode/2up/search/skalholtum p. 539]; inspice etiam [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=HISTORIA+ECCLESIASTICA+ISLANDIÆ&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholti ''Bibliothecam Nationalem Islandiae (Landsbókasafn Íslands)''] {{ling|Islandice}}, {{ling|Latine}}.</ref>, '''Scalholtia''' {{victio|Scalholtia|ae|f}}<ref>Nicolaus Petrus Sibbern: ''Bibliotheca historica Dano-Norvegica.'' Hamburgi et Lipsiae 1716, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Nicolai_Petri_Sibbern_Bibliotheca_histor/lKBbAAAAQAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholtia&pg=PA71&printsec=frontcover p. 71]; nomen etiam ''Schalholtia'' scriptum est.</ref> et deteriore forma '''Scalotum'''<ref>''Scalotum'' seu ''Schalotum'' sunt formae dubia auctoritate, quibus Islandi numquam usi sunt. In Lexicis autem et in operibus geographicis in Continente Europaea editis est forma mire frequentissima. Plura de omnibus hisce formis legi possunt in disputatione huius rei.</ref>, [[Lingua Islandica|Islandice]] ''Skálholt'', [[Lingua Nordica antiqua]] ''Skálaholt'') est locus historicus in [[Islandia]] australi ad flumen ''Hvítá'' situs. [[Isleifus Gissuri filius]], primus episcopus Islandiae, anno 1057 Scalholti cathedram episcopalem fundavit, cui etiam scholam adiunctam fuisse constat, ex qua [[Ioannes Ögmundi filius|Ionas Ogmundi filius]], primus [[Episcopi Holenses|episcopus Holensis]], exierit.<ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Crymogaea sive Rerum Islandicarum libri III.'' Hamburgi 1610 et 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Crymogaea_sive_rerum_islandicarum_libri/8_dGKM-4scoC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholltia&pg=PA106&printsec=frontcover p. 106]</ref> Anno 1075 [[Adamus Bremensis]] scripsit Scalholtum (ab ipso ''Scaldholz'' nominatum) esse maximam civitatem Islandiae.<ref>''Adami Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum'', ex recensione Lappenbergii. Hannoverae 1846, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Adami_gesta_Hammaburgensis_ecclesiae_pon/i2VtT2HmgF8C?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=gesta+hammaburgensis+ecclesiae+pontificum+scaldholz&pg=PA211&printsec=frontcover p. 211]: "Civitas ibi maxima Scaldholz."</ref> == Nexus interni == * [[Episcopi Scalholtenses]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} * [http://www.skalholt.is Situs publicus Scalholti] [[Categoria:Urbes Islandiae]] {{stipula}} qj0tevy8zyrhfklwmnbdr84x22hy483 1 24686 3695778 2937044 2022-08-02T18:10:21Z Petrus Tectander 55452 Petrus Tectander movit paginam [[Disputatio:Scalotum]] ad [[Disputatio:Scalholtum]]: Scalotum -> Scalholtum (vide disputationem) wikitext text/x-wiki DOnt' you just love how often we get footnotes longer than articles here? --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 06:11, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) :I was just asked to fix the latin, not write the article =] --[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus]] <small>^{[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioshus Rocchio|(disp)]]}</small> 06:14, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) ::Well in the Latin Wikipedia there is more need to cite where you get the word from- and I just wanted to be exact so I wrote from what book I got it, from what chapter and the author. I'm sure it'll expand in the "not to distant future". :) --[[Usor:BiT|BiT]] 09:33, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) :::Absolutely. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 17:57, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) ::::I mean what can you ''not'' write about Skálholt? :] --[[Usor:BiT|BiT]] 18:14, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) :::::Well, if you hadn't said something, I think I could have not written ''every''thing about Skálholt =] --[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus]] <small>^{[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioshus Rocchio|(disp)]]}</small> 18:20, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) 2gvjqalkw59nz4klrilyrjvxayxxnbr 3695781 3695778 2022-08-02T18:14:39Z Petrus Tectander 55452 /* De motione */ nova pars wikitext text/x-wiki DOnt' you just love how often we get footnotes longer than articles here? --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 06:11, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) :I was just asked to fix the latin, not write the article =] --[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus]] <small>^{[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioshus Rocchio|(disp)]]}</small> 06:14, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) ::Well in the Latin Wikipedia there is more need to cite where you get the word from- and I just wanted to be exact so I wrote from what book I got it, from what chapter and the author. I'm sure it'll expand in the "not to distant future". :) --[[Usor:BiT|BiT]] 09:33, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) :::Absolutely. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 17:57, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) ::::I mean what can you ''not'' write about Skálholt? :] --[[Usor:BiT|BiT]] 18:14, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) :::::Well, if you hadn't said something, I think I could have not written ''every''thing about Skálholt =] --[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus]] <small>^{[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioshus Rocchio|(disp)]]}</small> 18:20, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) == De motione == Salvete, omnes! ;) Cum nomina ''Scalotum'' seu ''Schalotum'' minime ab Islandis excogitata essent, sed a Francogallicis et Germanis, qui saeculis 17 et 18 appellationem Islandicam ''Skálholt'' in formam enuntiatu faciliorem ''Sc(h)alot'' mutavisse videntur et ex hac ipsa forma, ut oculis clare apparebit, denominationes Latinas quodammodo dubias finxerunt, hanc rem ad '''Scalholtum''' movi, ita ut formae ab ipsis Islandis Latinizatae praecipuum locum daretur. Formam ''Scalholtum'', quae satis exstat in libris Islandicis Latine conscriptis, formae usitatiori ''Skalholtum'' anteposui Latinitatis gratia. Si quis vestrûm scire voluerit, quod vertente septimana praeterita congesserim, id hic legere poterit. == Skalholtum == === Nominativus === * '''Skalholtum''' (Skálholt).<ref>''Scripta historica Islandorum de rebus gestis veterum borealium, Latine reddita et apparatu critico instructa. Volumen duodecimum.'' Hafniae 1846, [https://baekur.is/bok/000121942/12/546/Scripta_historica#page/n545/mode/2up/search/skalholtum p. 539]</ref> === Genetivus === * Pugna '''Skalholti''' inter Urækiam et Gissurum.<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/178/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n177/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 145]</ref> === Accusativus === * 1239. Nicolaus episcopus in Grönlandiam profectus est. Sigvardus '''Skalholtum''', Botolfus '''Holas''' se contulerunt.<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/176/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n175/mode/2up p. 113]</ref> * 1413. Navis mercatoria ex Anglia in Islandiam venit, præfectus ejus nomine Richardus regis Norvegiæ litteris permissoriis instructus quibus venia ei dabatur libere negotiandi in regnis suis. Nave sua ortum versus apud Hornum exiens, ad '''Skalholtum''' usqve eqvo vectus est …<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/452/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n451/mode/2up/search/skalholtum p. 389]</ref> === Ablativus === * ''Audsholtum'' villa est meridionalis Islandiae, a sede Episcopi '''Skalholto''' haud procul dissita.<ref>Gerhardus Schøning, Skulius Theodori Thorlacius (edd.): ''Heimskringla edr Noregs Konunga-Sögor af Snorra Sturlusyni; Snorre Sturlesøns Norske Kongers Historie; Historia Regum Norvegicorum, conscripta a Snorrio Sturlae filio.'' Tom. 3, Hafniae 1783, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365881/3/398/Heimskringla#page/n397/mode/2up/search/skalholto p. 345]</ref> * Hoc exemplum … Magnaeus ab episcopo Johanni Vidalino adeptus est ex '''Skalholto''' …<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/36/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n35/mode/2up/search/skalholto p. XXIII]</ref> === Locativus === * Hoc tamen exemplar, & omnia jam memorata exscripta, ante annum 1688, quo iste liber '''SKALHOLTI''' prodiit, scripta sunt …<ref>''Íslands Landnámabók. Hoc est: Liber originum Islandiae.'' Hafniae 1774, [https://baekur.is/bok/000233822/0/16/Islands#page/n15/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 13]</ref> * Kolus paucos annos in Islandia permansit … & Episcoporum primus, teste ''Hungurvaka'', '''Skalholti''' sepultus est.<ref>''Íslands Landnámabók. Hoc est: Liber originum Islandiae.'' Hafniae 1774, [https://baekur.is/bok/000233822/0/422/Islands#page/n421/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 396]</ref> * Tum Gizur Albus filius Teiti, Ketilbjörnis filii, '''Skalholti''' habitavit; qui … Thangbrandum … ad se invitavit; cum quo Thangbrandus per hiemem '''Skalholti''' fuit.<ref>''Scripta historica Islandorum de rebus gestis veterum borealium, Latine reddita et apparatu critico instructa. Volumen secundum.'' Hafniae 1828, [https://baekur.is/bok/000121942/2/198/Scripta_historica#page/n197/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 191]</ref> * Hæc enim verba auctorem arguunt Oddæ vel fortasse '''Skalholti''' degisse …<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/56/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n55/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. XLIII]</ref> * Solus textus Islandicus editus est '''Skalholti''' 1688 …<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012692/0/258/Antiquitates#page/n257/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 206]</ref> * Praecepta cursus navalis ad Grœnlandiam dirigendi inveniuntur … in Appendice Arngrimi Jonæ ''Grœnlandiæ'' Islandicæ versionis, '''Skalholti''' 1688 editæ …<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012692/0/352/Antiquitates#page/n351/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 301]</ref> * … (vid. Thorlacii Calend. '''Skalholti''' Anno 1692 editum) …<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012692/0/488/Antiquitates#page/n487/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 437]</ref> * … [Thangbrandus] '''Skalholti''' hiemat …<ref>''Scripta historica Islandorum de rebus gestis veterum borealium, Latine reddita et apparatu critico instructa. Volumen undecimum.'' Hafniae 1842, [https://baekur.is/bok/000121942/11/432/Scripta_historica#page/n431/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 416]</ref> * Tempore Brynjolfi episcopi … hic liber '''Skalholti''' fuit … Post mortem Brynjolfi episcopi liber '''Skalholti''' extitit, in regesta sacræ domus tamen non relatus …<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/40/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n39/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. XXVII]</ref> * Gissur autem triginta post noctibus, tertio septimanæ die, quinto calendas Junias, '''Skalholti''' mortuus est.<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquités Russes d'après les monuments historiques des Islandais et des anciens Scandinaves'', tom. 2, Hafniae 1852, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012689/2/252/Antiquites_Russes_d_apr_s_les#page/n251/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 229]</ref> * Prior possessor fuit Magnus quidam Gunnlaugi filius, qui hoc anno '''Skalholti''' commoratus esse videtur …<ref>Sveinbjörn Egilsson (ed.): ''Edda Snorra Sturlusonar; Edda Snorronis Sturlaei'', tom. 3, Hafniae 1880-87, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365811/3/16/Edda_Snorra_Sturlusonar#page/n15/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. III]</ref> * Utraque pars manu Gudmundi Björnis filii („'''Skalholti''' Anno 1654“); …<ref>Sveinbjörn Egilsson (ed.): ''Edda Snorra Sturlusonar; Edda Snorronis Sturlaei'', tom. 3, Hafniae 1880-87, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365811/3/118/Edda_Snorra_Sturlusonar#page/n117/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. CIV]</ref> * ''Drápa um Þorlák biskup hins helga'', carmen … anno 1237 compositum, quod jejunio paschali ejusdem anni '''Skalholti''' præsentavit aut recitavit …<ref>Sveinbjörn Egilsson (ed.): ''Edda Snorra Sturlusonar; Edda Snorronis Sturlaei'', tom. 3, Hafniae 1880-87, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365811/3/514/Edda_Snorra_Sturlusonar#page/n513/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 380]</ref> * … med en af forfatteren underskreven fortale ‘in conjectanea Saxonica proloqvium’ dateret '''Skalholti''' MDCXLIX.<ref>''Katalog over den Arnamagnæanske håndskriftsamling'', tom. 2, Hafniae 1894, [https://baekur.is/bok/000215004/2/268/Katalog_over_den#page/n267/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 235]</ref> * … Vale. '''Skalholti''' 6 kalendas julij Anno [M D] XXXIX.<ref>''Diplomatarium Islandicum. Íslenzkt Fornbréfasafn'', tom. 10 (1169–1542). Reykiavicae 1911-21, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197700/10/472/Diplomatarium_Islandicum__#page/n471/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 440]</ref> === Skalholtensis, e === * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensis '''Skalholtensis'''] (41), inter vetustissimos locos etiam hi duo: * <small>(Ex epistula Marcelli episcopi die '''20 Martii 1453''' Hafniae scripta.)</small> Marcellus dej gracia episcopus '''skalholtensis''' … Dilecto nobis in christo olauo ragwaldi presbitero '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis Salutem … Dudum bone memorie dominus aslacus archiepiscopus nidrosiensis noster predecessor johanni sigmundi presbitero '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis ecclesiam sancti Nicolaj aput odda in rangarwalla '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis ex longa et obseruata consuetudine ad archiepiscopi nidrosiensis dumtaxat collacionem spectantem certo modo vacantem duxerat conferendam … Mandantes et omnibus et singulis presbiteris et clericis nostre '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis …<ref>''Diplomatarium Islandicum. Íslenzkt Fornbréfasafn'', tom. 5 (1330–1476). Hafniae et Reykiavicae 1899–1902, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197700/5/148/Diplomatarium_Islandicum__#page/n147/mode/2up/search/skalholtensis p. 102]</ref> * <small>(Ex epistula Marcelli episcopi die '''21 Martii 1453''' Hafniae scripta.)</small> Nos marcellus dei gracia Episcopus '''skalholtensis''' … recip[i]mus manualiter a dilecto nobis in christo domino olauo ragwaldi presbitero '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis pro parte Reuerindi patris domini gotskalchi episcopi holensis et administratoris ecclesie nostre '''skalholtensis''' nobilia anglicana aurea numero decem ad computum quatuor marcharum monete haffnensis quodlibet.<ref>''Diplomatarium Islandicum. Íslenzkt Fornbréfasafn'', tom. 5 (1330–1476). Hafniae et Reykiavicae 1899–1902, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197700/5/148/Diplomatarium_Islandicum__#page/n147/mode/2up/search/skalholtensis p. 103]</ref> * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensem '''Skalholtensem'''] (10) * [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/282/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n281/mode/2up '''Skalholtense'''] (1) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensi '''Skalholtensi'''] (17) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtenses '''Skalholtenses'''] (2) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensium '''Skalholtensium'''] (2) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensibus '''Skalholtensibus'''] (1) === Skalholtinus, a, um === * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinus '''Skalholtinus'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtini '''Skalholtini'''] (12) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtino '''Skalholtino'''] (1) * … gravibus illis controversiis … quæ … inter Rafnem Oddsonium, præfectum regium, et Arnium Thorlaksonium, episcopum '''Skalholtinum''', extiterunt.<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012692/0/310/Antiquitates#page/n309/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 259]</ref> * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtina '''Skalholtina'''] (7) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinæ '''Skalholtinae'''] (7) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinam '''Skalholtinam'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinos '''Skalholtinos'''] (4) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinis '''Skalholtinis'''] (4) == Scalholtum == === Accusativus === * … suasit, ut '''Scalholtum''' ad ipsum Episcopum dispensationem periturus tenderet.<ref>Birgerus Thorlacius, Ericus Christianus Werlauff (edd.): ''Heimskringla edr Noregs Konunga-Sögor; Norske Kongers Historie; Historia Regum Norvegicorum.'' Tom. 5, Hafniae 1818, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365881/5/24/Heimskringla#page/n23/mode/2up/search/scalholtum p. XVII]</ref> === Ablativus === * … Haukadal, quod '''Scalholto''' duobus milliaribus cum semisse distat …<ref>Ebenezer Henderson: ''Iceland; or the Journal of a Residence in that Island, during the Years 1814 and 1815'', tom. 1, Edinburgi 1818 [https://baekur.is/bok/000171294/1/156/Iceland__or_the_Journal_of_a#page/n155/mode/2up/search/scalholto p. 62]</ref> === Locativus === * Ex holosericis autem pulvinorum, quos Rex donaverat, indumentis, confecta sunt amicula præcentoria, quae etiam nunc '''Scalholti''' supersunt.<ref>Gerhardus Schøning, Skulius Theodori Thorlacius (edd.): ''Heimskringla edr Noregs Konunga-Sögor af Snorra Sturlusyni; Snorre Sturlesøns Norske Kongers Historie; Historia Regum Norvegicorum, conscripta a Snorrio Sturlae filio.'' Tom. 3, Hafniae 1783, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365881/3/371/Heimskringla#page/n370/mode/1up/search/scalholti p. 318]</ref> * Cum hoc tributo aliisque bonis unus Islandiæ Episcopatus qui a sede Episcopi quam Gissurus primus '''Scalholti''' fundaverat, Scalholtensis dicebatur adeo ditatus esset, ut deminutionem redituum facile sustinere posset, idem Gissurus (anno 1105) auctor fuit, ut præter illum novus Episcopatus erigeretur, Holensis dictus …<ref>''Hin forna lögbók Íslendínga sem nefndist Grágás. Codex juris Islandorum antiquissimus, qui nominatur Grágás.'' Hafniae 1829, [https://baekur.is/bok/000142092/1/28/Hin_forna_logbok_Islendinga#page/n27/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. XXII sq.]</ref> * … cujus sunt duæ versiones, versibus Islandicis vere poëticis, circa annum 1195, a Gunnlogo, Monacho Thingeyrensi, in boreali insulæ parte, (auctore Historiæ Olai Tryggvini, Norvegiæ Regis, prius '''Scalholti''' et nuper quoque Havniæ editæ.)<ref>''Catalogus criticus et historico-literarius Codicum CLIII. manuscriptorum borealium. Auctore Finno Magnaeo, Islando.'' Oxonii 1832, [https://baekur.is/bok/000117732/0/50/Catalogus#page/n49/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. 42]</ref> * Dabam '''Scalholti''' aust[ra]li[s] [Is]landiae IV idus Qvintileis anni Christiani mi[llesimi se]xc[ente]simi qvinqvagesimi sexti. T. G. XL. addictissimus cultor et cliens Brynolfus Svenonius R m[anu] p[pro]pria.<ref>''Íslendinga sögur, udgivne efter gamle haandskrifter'', tom. 4, Hafniae 1889, [https://baekur.is/bok/000196966/4/712/Islendinga#page/n711/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. 701]</ref> * Nascitur '''Scalholti''' in australi Islandia, Anno MDCXLII°.<ref>Jón Þorkelsson: ''Íslenzkar ártíðaskrár eða Obituaria Islandica.'' Hafniae 1893-96, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197647/1/272/Islenzkar_artidaskrar_eda#page/n271/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. 254]</ref> * Vidimus et contulimus '''Scalholti''' d. 18. Decembr. Anno 1710.<ref>''Diplomatarium Islandicum. Íslenzkt Fornbréfasafn'', tom. 3 (1269–1415). Hafniae 1896, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197700/3/688/Diplomatarium_Islandicum__#page/n687/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. 655]</ref> * '''Scalholti''' australis Islandiae E. A. D. prid. Eid. Qvinctiles anni Domini Mmi DCmi Lmi VIIm[i].<ref>''Katalog over de oldnorsk-islandske håndskrifter i Det store kongelige bibliotek og i Universitetsbiblioteket (udenfor den Arnamagnæanske samling) samt den Arnamagnæanske samlings tilvækst 1894-99.'' Hafniae 1900, [https://baekur.is/bok/000224141/0/32/Katalog_over_de#page/n31/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. XXIV]</ref> === Scalholtensis, e === * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensis '''Scalholtensis'''] (46) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtense '''Scalholtense'''] (1) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensem '''Scalholtensem'''] (6) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensi '''Scalholtensi'''] (23) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtenses '''Scalholtenses'''] (4) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensium '''Scalholtensium'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensibus '''Scalholtensibus'''] (1) === Scalholtinus, a, um === * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtinus '''Scalholtinus'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtini '''Scalholtini'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtino '''Scalholtino'''] (1) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtinæ '''Scalholtinæ'''] (1) == Scalholtia seu Schalholtia == * … prædicti viri clarißimi Dñ. Gudbrandus Thorlacius, et Dñ. Otto Enarus, ille Holis, hic '''Schalholtiæ''', Ecclesiarum sunt antistites.<ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Brevis commentarius de Islandia.'' Hafniae 1592, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Brevis_commentarius_de_Islandia/K-9TAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq="otto+enerus"&pg=PA67&printsec=frontcover p. 67^recto]</ref> * Reversus in patriam Anno 1057. Cathedram Episcopalem in prædio suo Vrbano & avito, '''Scalholltia'''^[sic], in Islandia Meridionali sito fundavit. <small>Vide et infra ''(Schalholtus?):'' '''Skalholtia'''.</small><ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Crymogaea sive Rerum Islandicarum libri III.'' Hamburgi 1610 et 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Crymogaea_sive_rerum_islandicarum_libri/8_dGKM-4scoC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholltia&pg=PA106&printsec=frontcover p. 106]</ref> * … quum tamen a '''Scalholtia''' non procul distet milliari uno aut altero: ac proinde Islandiæ meridionalis mons sit.<ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana/O75BAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtia&pg=PA43&printsec=frontcover p. 43]</ref> * Quod si veri quid subest, non ad Occasum, sed Meridiem, '''Scalholtia''' non procul juxta villam Haukadal <ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana_qua_D_Belfkenii_visc/aRhmAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtia&pg=PA58&printsec=frontcover p. 58]</ref> * … ac inde '''Scalholtiam''', terentem: nec minus ipsi præfecto familiarem … ac proximum triennium '''Scalholtiæ''' agentem, munereque perfunctum pædagogico.<ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana/O75BAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtiam&pg=PA68&printsec=frontcover p. 68]</ref> * '''Scalholtiæ''' triennium exegi …<ref>''Epistula Gudbrandi Thorlacii ad lectorem.'' In: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana_qua_D_Belfkenii_visc/aRhmAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtiæ&pg=PP7&printsec=frontcover s. p.]</ref> * … continuo isto triennio, quo '''Scalholtiæ''' vixi …<ref>''Epistula Gudbrandi Thorlacii ad lectorem.'' In: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana_qua_D_Belfkenii_visc/aRhmAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtiæ&pg=PP7&printsec=frontcover s. p.]</ref> * Martin Zeiller: ''Neue Beschreibung der Königreiche Dennemarck und Norwegen.'' Ulmae 1658, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Neue_Beschreibung_der_Königreiche_Denne/Y2NYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholtia&pg=RA2-PT11&printsec=frontcover p. 53] ('''Scalholtia''') * Franciscus Nigrinus: ''Schauplatz der ganzen Welt.'' Norimbergae 1678, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Schauplatz_der_ganzen_Welt_oder_Summaris/9HBYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholtia&pg=PA279&printsec=frontcover p. 279] ('''Scalholtia''') * Cathedram Episcopalem in prædio suo urbano & avito '''Scalholtia''' in Islandia meridionali sita, fundavit.<ref>Nicolaus Petrus Sibbern: ''Bibliotheca historica Dano-Norvegica.'' Hamburgi et Lipsiae 1716, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Nicolai_Petri_Sibbern_Bibliotheca_histor/lKBbAAAAQAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholtia&pg=PA71&printsec=frontcover p. 71], cf. cum nota 35.</ref> * … tam ovium, quam [boum], ut inter dies migrationum et festum Petri '''Schalholtia''' sola octoginta boves amiserit.<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/322/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n321/mode/2up/search/schalholtia p. 259]</ref> * Stephanus Vallanesensis de Signis horologicis Islandiæ cum Versione latina Ionæ Widalini '''Schalholtiæ''' Episcopi.<ref>''Katalog over de oldnorsk-islandske håndskrifter i Det store kongelige bibliotek og i Universitetsbiblioteket (udenfor den Arnamagnæanske samling) samt den Arnamagnæanske samlings tilvækst 1894-99.'' Hafniae 1900, [https://baekur.is/bok/000224141/0/464/Katalog_over_de#page/n463/mode/2up/search/schalholtiæ p. 390]</ref> == Scalotum seu Schalotum == ==== Praemonitio ==== Formae peculiares ''Scalotum'' et ''Schalotum'', quamvis sint creberrimae, numquam ab ipsis Islandis adhibitae sunt. Immo, quattuor tantum locos reperire potui, in quibus nomen ''Sc(h)alotum'' in textu re vera Latine conscripto apparet. Ceteris libris (plerumque Theodisce conscriptis!) tantummodo forma Latina a geographis Francogallicis et Germanicis excogitata affertur, hoc modo: "''Schalot'', Latine ''Scalotum''" et ita porro. Praeterea constat auctores, qui hoc exemplum secuti sunt, illas ipsissimas formas ex operibus aliorum scriptorum exscripsisse, nam praeter ''Scalotum'' fere ubique commemorant urbem Islandiae ''Ballestadt'' seu ''Bellastede'' (recte: ''Bessastaðir''), quod nomen sine dubio ex prava lectione natum esse videtur, cum littera ''s'' illis temporibus saepissime ''ſ'' longa scriberetur ''(Beſſaſtaðir)'' et in legendo facillime cum littera ''l'' confundi posset. Ex omnibus auctoribus perpauci tantum formas rectiores afferunt, in primis Gladov, Freyer, Ludovici, Bruzen de la Martinière et Schwabe. === Scalotum === * Christian Wigand: ''Neu-vermehrte und auf eine leichte dem Gedächtniß dienliche Methode nach ietziger Zeit eingerichtete Teutsche Staats-Geographie.'' [Lipsiae 1693], [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Neu_vermehrte_Teutsche_Staats_Geographie/6ZdOAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA1233&printsec=frontcover p. 1233]<br> <blockquote><small>Die vornehmsten Oerter derselben sind: ''Bestede'' woselbst ein Königlich Schloß ist, auf welchem der Königl. Gouverneur residiret, liegt an dem ''Sinu Hafna''; Und ''Halar'' samt ''Skalholt'', so auch ''Schalot'', '''Scalotum''', genennet wird, und die beste Stadt der Insul ist; allwo der Bischoff seinen Sitz hat.</small></blockquote> * Johann Hübner: ''Kurtze Fragen aus der Alten und Neuen Geographie.'' Lipsiae 1693, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Kurtze_Fragen_aus_der_Neuen_und_alten_Ge/qflCAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA705&printsec=frontcover p. 705]<br> <blockquote><small>1) SCHALOT lat. '''Scalotum''' ist die beste Stadt darinnen.<br>2) BALLESTADT ist ein Schloß, da der Dänische Gouverneur seine Residenz hat.</small></blockquote> * Eiusdem {{ling|Batavice}}: ''Kort Begrip der oude en nieuwe Geographie.'' Amstelodami 1707, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Kort_begrip_der_Oude_en_Nieuwe_Geographi/cRjFKxxNTrcC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA493&printsec=frontcover p. 493]<br> <blockquote><small>1. SCALHOLT, in 't Latyn '''Scalotum''', de beste Stad van het genoemde Eiland.<br>2. BALLESTAD, in 't Latyn ''Ballestadium'', een Slot waar op de Deensche Gouverneur zyne residentie heeft.</small></blockquote> * Eiusdem {{ling|Francogallice}}: ''Abrege de la Vieille et Nouvelle Geographie'', tom. 1, ed. 6^a, Amstelodami 1735, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/ABREGE_de_la_Vieille_Nouvelle_GEOGRAPHIE/EJF0_rLgXtoC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA702&printsec=frontcover p. 441]<br> <blockquote><small>1. SCALHOLT, Lat. '''Scalotum''', y est la meilleure ville.<br>2. BESTEDE ou KONINGSGARD, forteresse où le Vice-Roi fait sa residence.</small></blockquote> * Johann Ulrich Müller: ''Neu-außgefertigter Kleiner Atlas. Oder Umständliche Beschreibung deß gantzen Erden-Kräyses.'' Francofurti [ad Moenum] 1702, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Neu_aussgefertigter_kleiner_Atlas_oder_u/j_aFkYTmxAkC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=RA1-PA587&printsec=frontcover p. 587]<br> <blockquote><small>Die vornehmsten Oerter darinnen seyn ''Balstede'', oder ''Bestede'', allwo ein Königliches Schloß ist, worauf der Königliche Statthalter residiret.<br>Fürters kommet zum Vorschein ''Skalholt'', '''Scalotum''', so die beste Stadt der Insel ist, allwo der Bischoff seine Wohnung hat.</small></blockquote> * Melissantes (= Johann Gottfried Gregorii): ''Geographia novissima specialis. Das ist: Der neuen Welt- Land- und Städte- Beschreibung'', pars II. Francofurti ad Moenum et Lipsiae 1708, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Geographia_Novissima_Generalis_Specialis/2vNCAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA1479&printsec=frontcover p. 1479]<br> <blockquote><small>1. ''Bestede'', oder ''Ballestadt'', ein fein Schloß worauf der Königliche Statthalter residiret.<br>2. ''Scalot'' od[e]r ''Schalot'' auch ''Skalholt'', lat. '''Scalotum''', ist die vornehmsten Stadt der gantzen Insul.</small></blockquote> * Benjamin Hederich: ''Anleitung zu den fürnehmsten Historischen Wissenschaften.'' Wittenbergae 1711, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Benjamin_Hederichs_Anleitung_zu_den_für/yFb5RFVMFc8C?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA51&printsec=frontcover p. 56]<br> <blockquote><small>Die bekanntesten Oerter sind ''Schalot'', lat. '''Scalotum''', … und ''Ballestadt'', lat. ''Ballestadium'', …</small></blockquote> * Friedrich Gladov: ''Einleitung zur neuesten Geographie von Europa und was mit demselben in denen übrigen Welt-Theilen eine Verknüpffung haben möchte.'' Coloniae Agrippinae 1716, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Einleitung_zur_neuesten_Geographie_von_E/h8hhAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA419&printsec=frontcover p. 419]<br> <blockquote><small>''Bessede, Bessestadt'', am Meerbusen ''Altfiaord''&thinsp;^[sic], gegen Mittag, eine artige Stadt und Schloß, wo der Dähnische Gouverneur residiret.<br>''Schalhold'', '''Scalotum''', eine artige Hauptstadt, Schloß und Bistuhm.</small></blockquote> * Antonio Chiusole: ''Il mondo antico, moderno, e novissimo'', tom. 2. Venetiis 1716, [https://books.google.de/books?id=2bINWLq6e5IC&pg=PA554&dq=scalotum,+la+migliore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi0wvHskKb5AhXPi_0HHZOICxgQ6AF6BAgCEAI#v=onepage&q=scalotum%2C%20la%20migliore&f=false pag. 554] {{ling|Italice}}<br> <blockquote><small>1. SCHALOT, ò SCHAHOLT&thinsp;^[sic], in Lat. '''Scalotum''', la migliore Città di tutta l'Isola.<br>2. BALLESTAT Castello in cui il Vice-Rè ha la sua Residenza.</small></blockquote> * Alain Manesson Mallet: ''Beschreibung des gantzen Welt-Kreises.'' Francofurti ad Moenum 1719, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Allain_Manesson_Mallets_Beschreibung_des/jptYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA230&printsec=frontcover p. 230].<br> <blockquote><small>1. ''Skalholt'' Lat. '''Scalotum''', eine Stadt, wo ein Bischoff wohnet.<br>2. ''Bellastede'' oder ''Bestede'', Stadt und Castell, wo der Dänische Gouverneur residiret.</small></blockquote>Francogallica versio originalis contra, cui titulus est ''Description de l'Univers'', nullum nomen Latinum commemorat (tom. 1, Lutetiae Parisiorum 1683, [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k8702809d/f322.item p. 292]):<blockquote><small>"On y compte aujourd'huy environ huit ou neuf habitations, dont les principales sont celles de ''Hola'', de ''Kirkebar'', de '''Schalholt''' …"</small></blockquote> * Johann Joseph Pockh: ''Der Politische Catholische Passagier, durchreisend alle hohe Höfe, Republiquen, Herrschafften und Länder der gantzen Welt'', tom. 8. Augustae Vindelicorum 1721, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Der_Politische_Catholische_Passagier_dur/2SQHthZ6kPUC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA832&printsec=frontcover p. 832]<br> <blockquote><small>1. ''Skalholt'', Lat. '''Scalotum''', ist eine zimlich grosse Stadt, deren Häuser aber insgesammt von Holtz aufgebauet sind, und pflegt sich sonst allhier auch ein Lutherischer Bischoff aufzuhalten.<br>2[.] ''Bestede'', oder ''Bellastede'', auch ''Kröniges-Gard'' genannt, ist eine Stadt, nebst einem Schloß, an der West-Südlichen Küste, allwo der Gouverneur, dem der König von Dännemarck diese Insel in seinem Nahmen zu regieren anvertrauet, seine gewöhnliche Residentz hat.</small></blockquote> * Sigmund Jacob Apin: ''Grammaticalisches Lexicon.'' Norimbergae 1728, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Grammatikalisches_Lexikon/BTNbAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=RA2-PA120&printsec=frontcover p. 120]<br> <blockquote><small>''Schalot'', Lat. '''Scalotum'''.</small></blockquote> * Christian Heinrich Weiße: ''Latium in Compendio oder: Der Geschwinde Lateiner, Das ist: Sichere, kurtze und angenehme Methode die Lateinische Sprache auf eine Mathematische Art nach Anleitung des Vocabularii Cellariani zu erlernen.'' Altenburgi 1729, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Christian_Heinrich_Weißens_Latium_In_Co/oZCNH4oFV3EC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scaloto&pg=PA197&printsec=frontcover p. 196 sq.]<br> <blockquote><small>(Pensum CXIV. Epistola de balænarum captura.)<br> Mi amice! Annus jam volvitur sextus, qvo in remotissimis, ultra qvos mundus præ nimio frigore est inhabitabilis, septentrionis tractibus degere placuit. Res mihi maxime notabilis visa est captio balænarum, qvam tibi membratim & luculenter perscribam, qvam primum ad te venero. Adjiciam & adumbrationem Grœnlandiæ & omnium regionum borealium ex meæ peregrinationis fastis. Nunc autem desideratio patriam rursus visendi me invasit, qva de re certiorem his facere te volui, & una expetere, ut meis germanis hoc prænunties, & illos plurima salute meo nomine impertiaris. Bene vale! '''Scaloto''' ex Islandia. Idus Sextiles A. O. R. MDCCXX.</small><br> ''N.B. Utrum haec epistula reapse a quodam ballaenarum piscatore Germano sextum iam annum in Islandia degente missa fuerit ad illum amicum nominatim non indicatum (!) an ab ipso compendii auctore ficta sit, incertum est.''</blockquote> * Johann Christian Martini: ''Kurtze und deutliche Anweisung zur alten und neuen Staats-Geographie.'' Erlangae 1732, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Kurtze_und_deutliche_Anweisung_zur_alten/MbVaAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA816&printsec=frontcover p. 816]<br> <blockquote><small>1. ''Bestede'', oder ''Ballestadt'', ein feines Schloß, wo der Gouverneur residiret.<br>2. ''Schalot'', lat. '''Scalotum''', ist die beste Statt der Insel.</small></blockquote> * Philipp Clüver: ''Epitome Geographiae Cluverianae Nova, oder Gründlich-deutliche Beschreibung des gantzes Welt-Kreyßes.'' Norimbergae 1733, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Epitome_Geographiae_Cluverianae_Nova_ode/CmJYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA383&printsec=frontcover p. 383]<br> <blockquote><small>Es sind zwey Bißthümer in dieser Insel, eines zu ''Hola'', das andere zu ''Schalot'', '''Scalotum''', welche Städte auch vor anderen zu mercken. Zu ''Ballestadt'' aber ist des Dähnischen Statthalters Residentz.</small></blockquote> * Hieronymus Freyer: ''Erster Abriß der Geographie nach der neuen Zeit für die anfangende Jugend.'' Halae Saxonum 1733, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Abriß_der_Geographie/3T5hAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=RA16-PP3&printsec=frontcover p. 161]<br> <blockquote><small>Auf der Insel Island: ''Skalholt'', '''Scalotum'''; ''Bestede'', ''Bessastadium'', …</small></blockquote> * Johann Jacob Schatz: ''Atlas Homannianus illustratus'', tom. 2. Ysenaci 1742, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Atlas_Homannianus_illustratus_Das_ist_Ge/iU_Qj6CygaAC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PT32&printsec=frontcover p. 274]<br> <blockquote><small>2. ''Scalot'' oder ''Schalot'', '''Scalotum''', … der vornehmste Ort der gantzen Insul.<br>3. ''Ballestad, Ballestadium'', gleich darunter, die Residenz des Dänischen Vice-Re.</small></blockquote> * Christian von Wolff: ''Vollständiges Mathematisches Lexicon,'' tom. 2. Lipsiae 1742, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Vollständiges_Mathematisches_Lexicon/VnsTfhgcYcAC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=RA1-PA444&printsec=frontcover p. 444]<br> <blockquote><small>XXIII. … '''Scalotum''' Island.</small></blockquote> * Carl Günther Ludovici: ''Grosses vollstädniges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste'', tom. 34 (Sao-Schla.), Lipsiae et Halae Saxonum 1742, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Grosses_vollständiges_Universal_Lexicon/kV8hAQAAMAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA515&printsec=frontcover coll. 516, 824]<br> <blockquote><small>''Scalot'', Stadt, siehe ''Schalholt''.<br>''SCALOTUM'', Stadt, siehe ''Schalholt''. …<br>''Schalholt, Scalot, Schalot,'' auch ''Skalhold'', Lat. '''Schalholtum''', '''Scalholtum''', '''Scalotum''', die Hauptstadt der Insul Ißland, liegt an der Südlichen Küste, und hat einen Bischoff, der unter den Ertz-Bischoff zu Drontheim gehöret, wie auch eine Universität.<br>''SCHALHOLTUM'', eine Stadt, siehe ''Schalholt''.</small></blockquote> * ''Geographica globi terraquei synopsis, a multis, praesertim quod Hungariam attinet, erroribus, qui in Celeberrimo alias Geographo Hübnero, aliisque circumferuntur, expurgata.'' Tyrnaviae 1745, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Synopsis_Geographica_globi_terraquei_a_m/XG9YAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA174&printsec=frontcover p. 174]<br> <blockquote><small>… urbes habet '''Scalotum''', & ''Ballestadt'' seu ''Bestede'' Gubernatoris Danici sedem; …</small></blockquote> * ''Kurtzgefaßte Politische Geographie zur Erläuterung eines kleinen, in Rußischer Sprache publicirten Atlantis'', Petropoli 1745, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Kurtzgefaszte_politische_geographie_zur/-4hbAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA162&printsec=frontcover p. 162]<br> <blockquote><small>''Schalot'' oder ''Skalholt'' lat. '''Scalotum''' ist die beste Stadt dieser Insel …<br>Der Dänische Gouverneur residiret nicht hie sondern auf einem Schloß ''Ballenstädt'' lat. ''Ballestadium'' genand.</small></blockquote> * Antoine-Augustin Bruzen de la Martinière: ''Historisch-Politisch-Geographischer Atlas der gantzen Welt'', tom. 10 (SAO. --- SZY.), Lipsiae 1748, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Historisch_Politisch_Geographischer_Atla/d93dcxKQdbwC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA197&printsec=frontcover col. 197]<br> <blockquote><small>''SCHALHOLT, Scalholt, Scalot, Schalot, Skalhold,'' '''Schalholtum''', '''Scalholtum''', '''Scalholtum''', '''Scalotum''', '''Scalholta''', die Haupt-Stadt auf der Insul Island, in ihrem Südlichen Theile …</small></blockquote> * ''Memoriae subsidium metricum in duas partes distinctum … a sacerdote ordinis Capuccinorum provinciae Mediolanensis.'' Mediolani 1763, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Memoriae_subsidium_metricum_in_duas_part/eU4K9FGflhgC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA69&printsec=frontcover p. 69]<br> <blockquote><small> :''Norvegia.'' :Baltici ad occasum pars lævior, Oceanoque :Exposita, est Norvegia, habens Jutlandiam ad austrum, :Contra quam, tractu distans mari, objicit arcem, :Tum agrum Agerhusiæ, ubi Ansloa, et Christiania, nec non :Urbs Friderichstadium; at Bergam Caput æquori adaptat :Occiduo, inferius Stavangriam, & altius urbem :Nidrosiam, aut ''Dronthem'', quæ sub circlo Arctico ad ortum :Est Islandiæ, id est Antiquis ultima Tulle, :Ignivomum dat Heclam montem, Hollam, arcemque '''Scalotum'''; :…</small><br> ''N.B. Sacerdos Italus, qui hos versus propter nimias synaloephas elisionesque haud facile recitandos composuit, putavisse videtur Asloam et Christianiam esse duas urbes diversas, cum urbs Asloa (sive Osloa) eo tempore tantummodo 'Christiania' nominaretur. Notitia igitur locorum, quos carmine Heroico commemorat, in dubium vocanda est.''</blockquote> * Johann Georg Hager: ''Ausführliche Geographie'', tom. 3. Chemnitii 1747, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Ausführliche_Geographie/ZExYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA95&printsec=frontcover p. 95]<br> <blockquote><small>1) BESTEDE, BOLLASTAED, oder BALLENSTAEDT, ein feines Schloß im südlichen Viertheil, worauf der königliche Stadthalter seinen Sitz hat.<br>2. SCHALOT, oder SKALHOLT, Lat. '''Scalotum''', ist die vornehmste Stadt auf der ganzen Insul, allwo ein Bischof ist.</small></blockquote> * Johann Heinrich Drümel: ''Lexicon manuale Latino-Germanicum et Germanico-Latinum'', tom. 2. Ratisbonae et Lipsiae 1775, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Johannis_Henrici_Drumelii_Lexicon_manual/Aqap1D-lJ5YC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA1373&printsec=frontcover p. 1373]<br> <blockquote><small>'''Scalotum''', i, n. ''Schalot'' oder ''Skalthot''&thinsp;^[sic], Stadt auf der Insel Island.</small></blockquote> * Johann Joachim Schwabe: ''Vollständige Einleitung zur Geographischen Wissenschaft, nach der neuen und alten Zeit.'' Regiomontii 1782, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Vollständige_Einleitung_zur_Geographisc/6xipcHHazcwC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA168&printsec=frontcover p. 168]<br> <blockquote><small>''Skaalholt'', '''Scalotum''', die Hauptstadt mit einem Bisthume. …<br>''Bessastader, Bessastadium'', ein Schloß, auf welchem der dänische Amtmann, so wie der Landvogt auf der Insel ''Videy'', seinen Sitz hat.</small></blockquote> * Adam Piotr Kaliszewski: ''Recueil des mots dont on se sert pour exprimer les choses, que l'on voit dans le Monde. Zabranie słow których zażywamy do wyrażenia tych rzeczy, które się na świecie znayduią.'' Varsoviae 1795, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Recueil_des_mots_Zabranie_słow/AbpfAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA351&printsec=frontcover p. 351]<br> <blockquote><small>''Scalholt''. '''Scalotum'''.</small></blockquote> === Schalotum === * ''Parallela Geographiae veteris et novae. Auctore Philippo Brietio Abbavillaeo, Societatis IESV Sacerdote.'' Parisiis 1649, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Parallela_geographiae_veteris_et_nouae_A/qaojwLwh-AMC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=schalotum&pg=PA187&printsec=frontcover p. 187] <blockquote><small>'''Schalotum''' ''Schalhot''&thinsp;^[sic], Episcopalis condita ab Isleffo filio Gysseri, quo vsus etiam erat Rex Olauus; et hic Isleffus primus ordinatus est Insulae Episcopus ab Archiepiscopo Bremensi. ''Besteda'' arx: ''Bestede'', aliter ''Kronningesgard'', vbi Prorex Insulae commoratur.</small></blockquote> * Christoph Cellarius: ''Alte und Neue Geographie.'' Ienae 1709, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Christ_Cellarii_Professoris_Hallens_Alte/JCtTAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=schalotum&pg=RA1-PA244&printsec=frontcover p. 244] * Johann Christoph Bremer: ''Europa Latina, oder Alphabetisches Verzeichniß der vornehmsten Landschaften, Städte, Meere, Seen, Berge und Flüsse in Europa.'' Quedlinburgi 1785, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Europa_Latina_oder_Alphabetisches_Verzei/hjxnAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=schalotum&pg=PA335&printsec=frontcover p. 195, 335] * Johann Georg Theodor Graesse: ''Orbis Latinus oder Verzeichniss der lateinischen Benennungen der bekanntesten Städte etc., Meere, Seen, Berge und Flüsse in allen Theilen der Erde.'' Dresdae 1861, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Orbis_latinus/SJ9u9LIzqwsC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=orbis+graesse+schalotum&pg=PA178&printsec=frontcover p. 178] * Günther Alexander Saalfeld: ''Deutsch-lateinisches Handbüchlein der Eigennamen aus der alten, mittleren und neuen Geographie.'' Lipsiae 1885, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Deutsch_lateinisches_handbüchlein_der_e/gOsIAAAAQAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=schalotum&pg=PA605&printsec=frontcover col. 606] === Schalholtus? === Illam formam nusquam reperire potui. De fonte olim in ipsa re citato "'''Schalholtus'''^[4]: 4. '''Pagina XXCVII''' in Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae."<br>''XXCVII'' - Istum numerum numquam vidi, sed dumtaxat puto eum "270" vel aliquid tale significare velle. Legamus igitur, quid scriptum sit in Finni Iohannaei ''Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae'', tom. 1, Hafniae 1772:<br> <blockquote><small>Templum '''Skalholtense''', qvam antea fuit, augustius exstruxit …, [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/282/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n281/mode/2up p. 270]<br> Reversus in patriam 1057. cathedram episcopalem in prædio suo urbano & avito '''Skalholtia''' in Islandia meridionali sito fundavit. [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/280/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n279/mode/2up p. 269]<br> Tandem Thingvallis, sacris operans, tam violento morbi genere capitur, ut ea perficere nequiret, unde '''Skalholtum''' devectus, 3 Cal. Julii, Anno ætat. 74, officii 24. Christi 1080. placide obdormivit. [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/278/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n277/mode/2up p. 267]<br> Seqventem annum Isleifus in Norvegia transegit, tandemqve Anno 1057. in Islandiam reversus '''Skalholti''' sedem fixit. [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/276/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n275/mode/2up p. 264]</small></blockquote> Non agitur de forma ''*Schalholtus'', quae nulla est, sed de tribus formis initio tractatis. At fieri potest, ut usor, qui hoc nomen ceteris adiecit, genus nominis confuderit. Scriptio autem ''Schal-'' in paginis nuper citatis omnino non invenitur. == Notae == <references /> [[Usor:Petrus Tectander|Petrus Tectander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Petrus Tectander|disputatio]]) 18:14, 2 Augusti 2022 (UTC) ndmiveninaput5iw717rth2b81ttyrf 3695841 3695781 2022-08-02T22:25:21Z Petrus Tectander 55452 wikitext text/x-wiki DOnt' you just love how often we get footnotes longer than articles here? --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 06:11, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) :I was just asked to fix the latin, not write the article =] --[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus]] <small>^{[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioshus Rocchio|(disp)]]}</small> 06:14, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) ::Well in the Latin Wikipedia there is more need to cite where you get the word from- and I just wanted to be exact so I wrote from what book I got it, from what chapter and the author. I'm sure it'll expand in the "not to distant future". :) --[[Usor:BiT|BiT]] 09:33, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) :::Absolutely. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 17:57, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) ::::I mean what can you ''not'' write about Skálholt? :] --[[Usor:BiT|BiT]] 18:14, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) :::::Well, if you hadn't said something, I think I could have not written ''every''thing about Skálholt =] --[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus]] <small>^{[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioshus Rocchio|(disp)]]}</small> 18:20, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) == De motione == Salvete, omnes! ;) Cum nomina ''Scalotum'' seu ''Schalotum'' minime ab Islandis excogitata essent, sed a Francogallicis et Germanis, qui saeculis 17 et 18 appellationem Islandicam ''Skálholt'' in formam enuntiatu faciliorem ''Sc(h)alot'' mutavisse videntur et ex hac ipsa forma, ut oculis clare apparebit, denominationes Latinas quodammodo dubias finxerunt, hanc rem ad '''Scalholtum''' movi, ita ut formae ab ipsis Islandis Latinizatae praecipuum locum daretur. Formam ''Scalholtum'', quae satis exstat in libris Islandicis Latine conscriptis, formae usitatiori ''Skalholtum'' anteposui Latinitatis gratia. Si quis vestrûm scire voluerit, quod vertente septimana praeterita congesserim, id hic legere poterit. == Skalholtum == === Nominativus === * '''Skalholtum''' (Skálholt).<ref>''Scripta historica Islandorum de rebus gestis veterum borealium, Latine reddita et apparatu critico instructa. Volumen duodecimum.'' Hafniae 1846, [https://baekur.is/bok/000121942/12/546/Scripta_historica#page/n545/mode/2up/search/skalholtum p. 539]</ref> === Genetivus === * Pugna '''Skalholti''' inter Urækiam et Gissurum.<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/178/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n177/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 145]</ref> === Accusativus === * 1239. Nicolaus episcopus in Grönlandiam profectus est. Sigvardus '''Skalholtum''', Botolfus '''Holas''' se contulerunt.<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/176/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n175/mode/2up p. 113]</ref> * 1413. Navis mercatoria ex Anglia in Islandiam venit, præfectus ejus nomine Richardus regis Norvegiæ litteris permissoriis instructus quibus venia ei dabatur libere negotiandi in regnis suis. Nave sua ortum versus apud Hornum exiens, ad '''Skalholtum''' usqve eqvo vectus est …<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/452/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n451/mode/2up/search/skalholtum p. 389]</ref> === Ablativus === * ''Audsholtum'' villa est meridionalis Islandiae, a sede Episcopi '''Skalholto''' haud procul dissita.<ref>Gerhardus Schøning, Skulius Theodori Thorlacius (edd.): ''Heimskringla edr Noregs Konunga-Sögor af Snorra Sturlusyni; Snorre Sturlesøns Norske Kongers Historie; Historia Regum Norvegicorum, conscripta a Snorrio Sturlae filio.'' Tom. 3, Hafniae 1783, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365881/3/398/Heimskringla#page/n397/mode/2up/search/skalholto p. 345]</ref> * Hoc exemplum … Magnaeus ab episcopo Johanni Vidalino adeptus est ex '''Skalholto''' …<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/36/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n35/mode/2up/search/skalholto p. XXIII]</ref> === Locativus === * Hoc tamen exemplar, & omnia jam memorata exscripta, ante annum 1688, quo iste liber '''SKALHOLTI''' prodiit, scripta sunt …<ref>''Íslands Landnámabók. Hoc est: Liber originum Islandiae.'' Hafniae 1774, [https://baekur.is/bok/000233822/0/16/Islands#page/n15/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 13]</ref> * Kolus paucos annos in Islandia permansit … & Episcoporum primus, teste ''Hungurvaka'', '''Skalholti''' sepultus est.<ref>''Íslands Landnámabók. Hoc est: Liber originum Islandiae.'' Hafniae 1774, [https://baekur.is/bok/000233822/0/422/Islands#page/n421/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 396]</ref> * Tum Gizur Albus filius Teiti, Ketilbjörnis filii, '''Skalholti''' habitavit; qui … Thangbrandum … ad se invitavit; cum quo Thangbrandus per hiemem '''Skalholti''' fuit.<ref>''Scripta historica Islandorum de rebus gestis veterum borealium, Latine reddita et apparatu critico instructa. Volumen secundum.'' Hafniae 1828, [https://baekur.is/bok/000121942/2/198/Scripta_historica#page/n197/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 191]</ref> * Hæc enim verba auctorem arguunt Oddæ vel fortasse '''Skalholti''' degisse …<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/56/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n55/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. XLIII]</ref> * Solus textus Islandicus editus est '''Skalholti''' 1688 …<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012692/0/258/Antiquitates#page/n257/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 206]</ref> * Praecepta cursus navalis ad Grœnlandiam dirigendi inveniuntur … in Appendice Arngrimi Jonæ ''Grœnlandiæ'' Islandicæ versionis, '''Skalholti''' 1688 editæ …<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012692/0/352/Antiquitates#page/n351/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 301]</ref> * … (vid. Thorlacii Calend. '''Skalholti''' Anno 1692 editum) …<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012692/0/488/Antiquitates#page/n487/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 437]</ref> * … [Thangbrandus] '''Skalholti''' hiemat …<ref>''Scripta historica Islandorum de rebus gestis veterum borealium, Latine reddita et apparatu critico instructa. Volumen undecimum.'' Hafniae 1842, [https://baekur.is/bok/000121942/11/432/Scripta_historica#page/n431/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 416]</ref> * Tempore Brynjolfi episcopi … hic liber '''Skalholti''' fuit … Post mortem Brynjolfi episcopi liber '''Skalholti''' extitit, in regesta sacræ domus tamen non relatus …<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/40/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n39/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. XXVII]</ref> * Gissur autem triginta post noctibus, tertio septimanæ die, quinto calendas Junias, '''Skalholti''' mortuus est.<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquités Russes d'après les monuments historiques des Islandais et des anciens Scandinaves'', tom. 2, Hafniae 1852, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012689/2/252/Antiquites_Russes_d_apr_s_les#page/n251/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 229]</ref> * Prior possessor fuit Magnus quidam Gunnlaugi filius, qui hoc anno '''Skalholti''' commoratus esse videtur …<ref>Sveinbjörn Egilsson (ed.): ''Edda Snorra Sturlusonar; Edda Snorronis Sturlaei'', tom. 3, Hafniae 1880-87, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365811/3/16/Edda_Snorra_Sturlusonar#page/n15/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. III]</ref> * Utraque pars manu Gudmundi Björnis filii („'''Skalholti''' Anno 1654“); …<ref>Sveinbjörn Egilsson (ed.): ''Edda Snorra Sturlusonar; Edda Snorronis Sturlaei'', tom. 3, Hafniae 1880-87, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365811/3/118/Edda_Snorra_Sturlusonar#page/n117/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. CIV]</ref> * ''Drápa um Þorlák biskup hins helga'', carmen … anno 1237 compositum, quod jejunio paschali ejusdem anni '''Skalholti''' præsentavit aut recitavit …<ref>Sveinbjörn Egilsson (ed.): ''Edda Snorra Sturlusonar; Edda Snorronis Sturlaei'', tom. 3, Hafniae 1880-87, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365811/3/514/Edda_Snorra_Sturlusonar#page/n513/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 380]</ref> * … med en af forfatteren underskreven fortale ‘in conjectanea Saxonica proloqvium’ dateret '''Skalholti''' MDCXLIX.<ref>''Katalog over den Arnamagnæanske håndskriftsamling'', tom. 2, Hafniae 1894, [https://baekur.is/bok/000215004/2/268/Katalog_over_den#page/n267/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 235]</ref> * … Vale. '''Skalholti''' 6 kalendas julij Anno [M D] XXXIX.<ref>''Diplomatarium Islandicum. Íslenzkt Fornbréfasafn'', tom. 10 (1169–1542). Reykiavicae 1911-21, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197700/10/472/Diplomatarium_Islandicum__#page/n471/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 440]</ref> === Skalholtensis, e === * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensis '''Skalholtensis'''] (41), inter vetustissimos locos etiam hi duo: * <small>(Ex epistula Marcelli episcopi die '''20 Martii 1453''' Hafniae scripta.)</small> Marcellus dej gracia episcopus '''skalholtensis''' … Dilecto nobis in christo olauo ragwaldi presbitero '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis Salutem … Dudum bone memorie dominus aslacus archiepiscopus nidrosiensis noster predecessor johanni sigmundi presbitero '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis ecclesiam sancti Nicolaj aput odda in rangarwalla '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis ex longa et obseruata consuetudine ad archiepiscopi nidrosiensis dumtaxat collacionem spectantem certo modo vacantem duxerat conferendam … Mandantes et omnibus et singulis presbiteris et clericis nostre '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis …<ref>''Diplomatarium Islandicum. Íslenzkt Fornbréfasafn'', tom. 5 (1330–1476). Hafniae et Reykiavicae 1899–1902, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197700/5/148/Diplomatarium_Islandicum__#page/n147/mode/2up/search/skalholtensis p. 102]</ref> * <small>(Ex epistula Marcelli episcopi die '''21 Martii 1453''' Hafniae scripta.)</small> Nos marcellus dei gracia Episcopus '''skalholtensis''' … recip[i]mus manualiter a dilecto nobis in christo domino olauo ragwaldi presbitero '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis pro parte Reuerindi patris domini gotskalchi episcopi holensis et administratoris ecclesie nostre '''skalholtensis''' nobilia anglicana aurea numero decem ad computum quatuor marcharum monete haffnensis quodlibet.<ref>''Diplomatarium Islandicum. Íslenzkt Fornbréfasafn'', tom. 5 (1330–1476). Hafniae et Reykiavicae 1899–1902, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197700/5/148/Diplomatarium_Islandicum__#page/n147/mode/2up/search/skalholtensis p. 103]</ref> * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensem '''Skalholtensem'''] (10) * [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/282/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n281/mode/2up '''Skalholtense'''] (1) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensi '''Skalholtensi'''] (17) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtenses '''Skalholtenses'''] (2) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensium '''Skalholtensium'''] (2) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensibus '''Skalholtensibus'''] (1) === Skalholtinus, a, um === * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinus '''Skalholtinus'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtini '''Skalholtini'''] (12) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtino '''Skalholtino'''] (1) * … gravibus illis controversiis … quæ … inter Rafnem Oddsonium, præfectum regium, et Arnium Thorlaksonium, episcopum '''Skalholtinum''', extiterunt.<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012692/0/310/Antiquitates#page/n309/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 259]</ref> * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtina '''Skalholtina'''] (7) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinæ '''Skalholtinae'''] (7) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinam '''Skalholtinam'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinos '''Skalholtinos'''] (4) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinis '''Skalholtinis'''] (4) == Scalholtum == === Accusativus === * … suasit, ut '''Scalholtum''' ad ipsum Episcopum dispensationem periturus tenderet.<ref>Birgerus Thorlacius, Ericus Christianus Werlauff (edd.): ''Heimskringla edr Noregs Konunga-Sögor; Norske Kongers Historie; Historia Regum Norvegicorum.'' Tom. 5, Hafniae 1818, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365881/5/24/Heimskringla#page/n23/mode/2up/search/scalholtum p. XVII]</ref> === Ablativus === * … Haukadal, quod '''Scalholto''' duobus milliaribus cum semisse distat …<ref>Ebenezer Henderson: ''Iceland; or the Journal of a Residence in that Island, during the Years 1814 and 1815'', tom. 1, Edinburgi 1818 [https://baekur.is/bok/000171294/1/156/Iceland__or_the_Journal_of_a#page/n155/mode/2up/search/scalholto p. 62]</ref> === Locativus === * Ex holosericis autem pulvinorum, quos Rex donaverat, indumentis, confecta sunt amicula præcentoria, quae etiam nunc '''Scalholti''' supersunt.<ref>Gerhardus Schøning, Skulius Theodori Thorlacius (edd.): ''Heimskringla edr Noregs Konunga-Sögor af Snorra Sturlusyni; Snorre Sturlesøns Norske Kongers Historie; Historia Regum Norvegicorum, conscripta a Snorrio Sturlae filio.'' Tom. 3, Hafniae 1783, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365881/3/371/Heimskringla#page/n370/mode/1up/search/scalholti p. 318]</ref> * Cum hoc tributo aliisque bonis unus Islandiæ Episcopatus qui a sede Episcopi quam Gissurus primus '''Scalholti''' fundaverat, Scalholtensis dicebatur adeo ditatus esset, ut deminutionem redituum facile sustinere posset, idem Gissurus (anno 1105) auctor fuit, ut præter illum novus Episcopatus erigeretur, Holensis dictus …<ref>''Hin forna lögbók Íslendínga sem nefndist Grágás. Codex juris Islandorum antiquissimus, qui nominatur Grágás.'' Hafniae 1829, [https://baekur.is/bok/000142092/1/28/Hin_forna_logbok_Islendinga#page/n27/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. XXII sq.]</ref> * … cujus sunt duæ versiones, versibus Islandicis vere poëticis, circa annum 1195, a Gunnlogo, Monacho Thingeyrensi, in boreali insulæ parte, (auctore Historiæ Olai Tryggvini, Norvegiæ Regis, prius '''Scalholti''' et nuper quoque Havniæ editæ.)<ref>''Catalogus criticus et historico-literarius Codicum CLIII. manuscriptorum borealium. Auctore Finno Magnaeo, Islando.'' Oxonii 1832, [https://baekur.is/bok/000117732/0/50/Catalogus#page/n49/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. 42]</ref> * Dabam '''Scalholti''' aust[ra]li[s] [Is]landiae IV idus Qvintileis anni Christiani mi[llesimi se]xc[ente]simi qvinqvagesimi sexti. T. G. XL. addictissimus cultor et cliens Brynolfus Svenonius R m[anu] p[pro]pria.<ref>''Íslendinga sögur, udgivne efter gamle haandskrifter'', tom. 4, Hafniae 1889, [https://baekur.is/bok/000196966/4/712/Islendinga#page/n711/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. 701]</ref> * Nascitur '''Scalholti''' in australi Islandia, Anno MDCXLII°.<ref>Jón Þorkelsson: ''Íslenzkar ártíðaskrár eða Obituaria Islandica.'' Hafniae 1893-96, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197647/1/272/Islenzkar_artidaskrar_eda#page/n271/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. 254]</ref> * Vidimus et contulimus '''Scalholti''' d. 18. Decembr. Anno 1710.<ref>''Diplomatarium Islandicum. Íslenzkt Fornbréfasafn'', tom. 3 (1269–1415). Hafniae 1896, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197700/3/688/Diplomatarium_Islandicum__#page/n687/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. 655]</ref> * '''Scalholti''' australis Islandiae E. A. D. prid. Eid. Qvinctiles anni Domini Mmi DCmi Lmi VIIm[i].<ref>''Katalog over de oldnorsk-islandske håndskrifter i Det store kongelige bibliotek og i Universitetsbiblioteket (udenfor den Arnamagnæanske samling) samt den Arnamagnæanske samlings tilvækst 1894-99.'' Hafniae 1900, [https://baekur.is/bok/000224141/0/32/Katalog_over_de#page/n31/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. XXIV]</ref> === Scalholtensis, e === * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensis '''Scalholtensis'''] (46) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtense '''Scalholtense'''] (1) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensem '''Scalholtensem'''] (6) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensi '''Scalholtensi'''] (23) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtenses '''Scalholtenses'''] (4) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensium '''Scalholtensium'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensibus '''Scalholtensibus'''] (1) === Scalholtinus, a, um === * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtinus '''Scalholtinus'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtini '''Scalholtini'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtino '''Scalholtino'''] (1) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtinæ '''Scalholtinæ'''] (1) == Scalholtia seu Schalholtia == * … prædicti viri clarißimi Dñ. Gudbrandus Thorlacius, et Dñ. Otto Enarus, ille Holis, hic '''Schalholtiæ''', Ecclesiarum sunt antistites.<ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Brevis commentarius de Islandia.'' Hafniae 1592, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Brevis_commentarius_de_Islandia/K-9TAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq="otto+enerus"&pg=PA67&printsec=frontcover p. 67^recto]</ref> * Reversus in patriam Anno 1057. Cathedram Episcopalem in prædio suo Vrbano & avito, '''Scalholltia'''^[sic], in Islandia Meridionali sito fundavit. <small>Vide et infra ''(Schalholtus?):'' '''Skalholtia'''.</small><ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Crymogaea sive Rerum Islandicarum libri III.'' Hamburgi 1610 et 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Crymogaea_sive_rerum_islandicarum_libri/8_dGKM-4scoC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholltia&pg=PA106&printsec=frontcover p. 106]</ref> * … quum tamen a '''Scalholtia''' non procul distet milliari uno aut altero: ac proinde Islandiæ meridionalis mons sit.<ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana/O75BAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtia&pg=PA43&printsec=frontcover p. 43]</ref> * Quod si veri quid subest, non ad Occasum, sed Meridiem, '''Scalholtia''' non procul juxta villam Haukadal <ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana_qua_D_Belfkenii_visc/aRhmAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtia&pg=PA58&printsec=frontcover p. 58]</ref> * … ac inde '''Scalholtiam''', terentem: nec minus ipsi præfecto familiarem … ac proximum triennium '''Scalholtiæ''' agentem, munereque perfunctum pædagogico.<ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana/O75BAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtiam&pg=PA68&printsec=frontcover p. 68]</ref> * '''Scalholtiæ''' triennium exegi …<ref>''Epistula Gudbrandi Thorlacii ad lectorem.'' In: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana_qua_D_Belfkenii_visc/aRhmAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtiæ&pg=PP7&printsec=frontcover s. p.]</ref> * … continuo isto triennio, quo '''Scalholtiæ''' vixi …<ref>''Epistula Gudbrandi Thorlacii ad lectorem.'' In: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana_qua_D_Belfkenii_visc/aRhmAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtiæ&pg=PP7&printsec=frontcover s. p.]</ref> * Martin Zeiller: ''Neue Beschreibung der Königreiche Dennemarck und Norwegen.'' Ulmae 1658, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Neue_Beschreibung_der_Königreiche_Denne/Y2NYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholtia&pg=RA2-PT11&printsec=frontcover p. 53] ('''Scalholtia''') * Franciscus Nigrinus: ''Schauplatz der ganzen Welt.'' Norimbergae 1678, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Schauplatz_der_ganzen_Welt_oder_Summaris/9HBYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholtia&pg=PA279&printsec=frontcover p. 279] ('''Scalholtia''') * Cathedram Episcopalem in prædio suo urbano & avito '''Scalholtia''' in Islandia meridionali sita, fundavit.<ref>Nicolaus Petrus Sibbern: ''Bibliotheca historica Dano-Norvegica.'' Hamburgi et Lipsiae 1716, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Nicolai_Petri_Sibbern_Bibliotheca_histor/lKBbAAAAQAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholtia&pg=PA71&printsec=frontcover p. 71], cf. cum nota 35.</ref> * … tam ovium, quam [boum], ut inter dies migrationum et festum Petri '''Schalholtia''' sola octoginta boves amiserit.<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/322/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n321/mode/2up/search/schalholtia p. 259]</ref> * Stephanus Vallanesensis de Signis horologicis Islandiæ cum Versione latina Ionæ Widalini '''Schalholtiæ''' Episcopi.<ref>''Katalog over de oldnorsk-islandske håndskrifter i Det store kongelige bibliotek og i Universitetsbiblioteket (udenfor den Arnamagnæanske samling) samt den Arnamagnæanske samlings tilvækst 1894-99.'' Hafniae 1900, [https://baekur.is/bok/000224141/0/464/Katalog_over_de#page/n463/mode/2up/search/schalholtiæ p. 390]</ref> == Scalotum seu Schalotum == ==== Praemonitio ==== Formae peculiares ''Scalotum'' et ''Schalotum'', quamvis sint creberrimae, numquam ab ipsis Islandis adhibitae sunt. Immo, quattuor tantum locos reperire potui, in quibus nomen ''Sc(h)alotum'' in textu re vera Latine conscripto apparet. Ceteris libris (plerumque Theodisce conscriptis!) tantummodo forma Latina a geographis Francogallicis et Germanicis excogitata affertur, hoc modo: "''Schalot'', Latine ''Scalotum''" et ita porro. Praeterea constat auctores, qui hoc exemplum secuti sunt, illas ipsissimas formas ex operibus aliorum scriptorum exscripsisse, nam praeter ''Scalotum'' fere ubique commemorant urbem Islandiae ''Ballestadt'' seu ''Bellastede'' (recte: ''Bessastaðir''), quod nomen sine dubio ex prava lectione natum esse videtur, cum littera ''s'' illis temporibus saepissime ''ſ'' longa scriberetur ''(Beſſaſtaðir)'' et in legendo facillime cum littera ''l'' confundi posset. Id quoque formas ''Scalotum'' et ''Schalotum'' in dubium vocant. Ex omnibus auctoribus perpauci tantum formas rectiores afferunt, in primis Gladov, Freyer, Ludovici, Bruzen de la Martinière et Schwabe. === Scalotum === * Christian Wigand: ''Neu-vermehrte und auf eine leichte dem Gedächtniß dienliche Methode nach ietziger Zeit eingerichtete Teutsche Staats-Geographie.'' [Lipsiae 1693], [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Neu_vermehrte_Teutsche_Staats_Geographie/6ZdOAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA1233&printsec=frontcover p. 1233]<br> <blockquote><small>Die vornehmsten Oerter derselben sind: ''Bestede'' woselbst ein Königlich Schloß ist, auf welchem der Königl. Gouverneur residiret, liegt an dem ''Sinu Hafna''; Und ''Halar'' samt ''Skalholt'', so auch ''Schalot'', '''Scalotum''', genennet wird, und die beste Stadt der Insul ist; allwo der Bischoff seinen Sitz hat.</small></blockquote> * Johann Hübner: ''Kurtze Fragen aus der Alten und Neuen Geographie.'' Lipsiae 1693, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Kurtze_Fragen_aus_der_Neuen_und_alten_Ge/qflCAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA705&printsec=frontcover p. 705]<br> <blockquote><small>1) SCHALOT lat. '''Scalotum''' ist die beste Stadt darinnen.<br>2) BALLESTADT ist ein Schloß, da der Dänische Gouverneur seine Residenz hat.</small></blockquote> * Eiusdem {{ling|Batavice}}: ''Kort Begrip der oude en nieuwe Geographie.'' Amstelodami 1707, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Kort_begrip_der_Oude_en_Nieuwe_Geographi/cRjFKxxNTrcC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA493&printsec=frontcover p. 493]<br> <blockquote><small>1. SCALHOLT, in 't Latyn '''Scalotum''', de beste Stad van het genoemde Eiland.<br>2. BALLESTAD, in 't Latyn ''Ballestadium'', een Slot waar op de Deensche Gouverneur zyne residentie heeft.</small></blockquote> * Eiusdem {{ling|Francogallice}}: ''Abrege de la Vieille et Nouvelle Geographie'', tom. 1, ed. 6^a, Amstelodami 1735, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/ABREGE_de_la_Vieille_Nouvelle_GEOGRAPHIE/EJF0_rLgXtoC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA702&printsec=frontcover p. 441]<br> <blockquote><small>1. SCALHOLT, Lat. '''Scalotum''', y est la meilleure ville.<br>2. BESTEDE ou KONINGSGARD, forteresse où le Vice-Roi fait sa residence.</small></blockquote> * Johann Ulrich Müller: ''Neu-außgefertigter Kleiner Atlas. Oder Umständliche Beschreibung deß gantzen Erden-Kräyses.'' Francofurti [ad Moenum] 1702, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Neu_aussgefertigter_kleiner_Atlas_oder_u/j_aFkYTmxAkC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=RA1-PA587&printsec=frontcover p. 587]<br> <blockquote><small>Die vornehmsten Oerter darinnen seyn ''Balstede'', oder ''Bestede'', allwo ein Königliches Schloß ist, worauf der Königliche Statthalter residiret.<br>Fürters kommet zum Vorschein ''Skalholt'', '''Scalotum''', so die beste Stadt der Insel ist, allwo der Bischoff seine Wohnung hat.</small></blockquote> * Melissantes (= Johann Gottfried Gregorii): ''Geographia novissima specialis. Das ist: Der neuen Welt- Land- und Städte- Beschreibung'', pars II. Francofurti ad Moenum et Lipsiae 1708, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Geographia_Novissima_Generalis_Specialis/2vNCAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA1479&printsec=frontcover p. 1479]<br> <blockquote><small>1. ''Bestede'', oder ''Ballestadt'', ein fein Schloß worauf der Königliche Statthalter residiret.<br>2. ''Scalot'' od[e]r ''Schalot'' auch ''Skalholt'', lat. '''Scalotum''', ist die vornehmsten Stadt der gantzen Insul.</small></blockquote> * Benjamin Hederich: ''Anleitung zu den fürnehmsten Historischen Wissenschaften.'' Wittenbergae 1711, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Benjamin_Hederichs_Anleitung_zu_den_für/yFb5RFVMFc8C?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA51&printsec=frontcover p. 56]<br> <blockquote><small>Die bekanntesten Oerter sind ''Schalot'', lat. '''Scalotum''', … und ''Ballestadt'', lat. ''Ballestadium'', …</small></blockquote> * Friedrich Gladov: ''Einleitung zur neuesten Geographie von Europa und was mit demselben in denen übrigen Welt-Theilen eine Verknüpffung haben möchte.'' Coloniae Agrippinae 1716, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Einleitung_zur_neuesten_Geographie_von_E/h8hhAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA419&printsec=frontcover p. 419]<br> <blockquote><small>''Bessede, Bessestadt'', am Meerbusen ''Altfiaord''&thinsp;^[sic], gegen Mittag, eine artige Stadt und Schloß, wo der Dähnische Gouverneur residiret.<br>''Schalhold'', '''Scalotum''', eine artige Hauptstadt, Schloß und Bistuhm.</small></blockquote> * Antonio Chiusole: ''Il mondo antico, moderno, e novissimo'', tom. 2. Venetiis 1716, [https://books.google.de/books?id=2bINWLq6e5IC&pg=PA554&dq=scalotum,+la+migliore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi0wvHskKb5AhXPi_0HHZOICxgQ6AF6BAgCEAI#v=onepage&q=scalotum%2C%20la%20migliore&f=false pag. 554] {{ling|Italice}}<br> <blockquote><small>1. SCHALOT, ò SCHAHOLT&thinsp;^[sic], in Lat. '''Scalotum''', la migliore Città di tutta l'Isola.<br>2. BALLESTAT Castello in cui il Vice-Rè ha la sua Residenza.</small></blockquote> * Alain Manesson Mallet: ''Beschreibung des gantzen Welt-Kreises.'' Francofurti ad Moenum 1719, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Allain_Manesson_Mallets_Beschreibung_des/jptYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA230&printsec=frontcover p. 230].<br> <blockquote><small>1. ''Skalholt'' Lat. '''Scalotum''', eine Stadt, wo ein Bischoff wohnet.<br>2. ''Bellastede'' oder ''Bestede'', Stadt und Castell, wo der Dänische Gouverneur residiret.</small></blockquote>Francogallica versio originalis contra, cui titulus est ''Description de l'Univers'', nullum nomen Latinum commemorat (tom. 1, Lutetiae Parisiorum 1683, [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k8702809d/f322.item p. 292]):<blockquote><small>"On y compte aujourd'huy environ huit ou neuf habitations, dont les principales sont celles de ''Hola'', de ''Kirkebar'', de '''Schalholt''' …"</small></blockquote> * Johann Joseph Pockh: ''Der Politische Catholische Passagier, durchreisend alle hohe Höfe, Republiquen, Herrschafften und Länder der gantzen Welt'', tom. 8. Augustae Vindelicorum 1721, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Der_Politische_Catholische_Passagier_dur/2SQHthZ6kPUC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA832&printsec=frontcover p. 832]<br> <blockquote><small>1. ''Skalholt'', Lat. '''Scalotum''', ist eine zimlich grosse Stadt, deren Häuser aber insgesammt von Holtz aufgebauet sind, und pflegt sich sonst allhier auch ein Lutherischer Bischoff aufzuhalten.<br>2[.] ''Bestede'', oder ''Bellastede'', auch ''Kröniges-Gard'' genannt, ist eine Stadt, nebst einem Schloß, an der West-Südlichen Küste, allwo der Gouverneur, dem der König von Dännemarck diese Insel in seinem Nahmen zu regieren anvertrauet, seine gewöhnliche Residentz hat.</small></blockquote> * Sigmund Jacob Apin: ''Grammaticalisches Lexicon.'' Norimbergae 1728, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Grammatikalisches_Lexikon/BTNbAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=RA2-PA120&printsec=frontcover p. 120]<br> <blockquote><small>''Schalot'', Lat. '''Scalotum'''.</small></blockquote> * Christian Heinrich Weiße: ''Latium in Compendio oder: Der Geschwinde Lateiner, Das ist: Sichere, kurtze und angenehme Methode die Lateinische Sprache auf eine Mathematische Art nach Anleitung des Vocabularii Cellariani zu erlernen.'' Altenburgi 1729, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Christian_Heinrich_Weißens_Latium_In_Co/oZCNH4oFV3EC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scaloto&pg=PA197&printsec=frontcover p. 196 sq.]<br> <blockquote><small>(Pensum CXIV. Epistola de balænarum captura.)<br> Mi amice! Annus jam volvitur sextus, qvo in remotissimis, ultra qvos mundus præ nimio frigore est inhabitabilis, septentrionis tractibus degere placuit. Res mihi maxime notabilis visa est captio balænarum, qvam tibi membratim & luculenter perscribam, qvam primum ad te venero. Adjiciam & adumbrationem Grœnlandiæ & omnium regionum borealium ex meæ peregrinationis fastis. Nunc autem desideratio patriam rursus visendi me invasit, qva de re certiorem his facere te volui, & una expetere, ut meis germanis hoc prænunties, & illos plurima salute meo nomine impertiaris. Bene vale! '''Scaloto''' ex Islandia. Idus Sextiles A. O. R. MDCCXX.</small><br> ''N.B. Utrum haec lepida epistula reapse a quodam ballaenarum piscatore Germano sextum iam annum in Islandia degente missa fuerit ad illum amicum nominatim non indicatum (!) an ab ipso compendii auctore ficta sit, incertum est.''</blockquote> * Johann Christian Martini: ''Kurtze und deutliche Anweisung zur alten und neuen Staats-Geographie.'' Erlangae 1732, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Kurtze_und_deutliche_Anweisung_zur_alten/MbVaAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA816&printsec=frontcover p. 816]<br> <blockquote><small>1. ''Bestede'', oder ''Ballestadt'', ein feines Schloß, wo der Gouverneur residiret.<br>2. ''Schalot'', lat. '''Scalotum''', ist die beste Statt der Insel.</small></blockquote> * Philipp Clüver: ''Epitome Geographiae Cluverianae Nova, oder Gründlich-deutliche Beschreibung des gantzes Welt-Kreyßes.'' Norimbergae 1733, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Epitome_Geographiae_Cluverianae_Nova_ode/CmJYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA383&printsec=frontcover p. 383]<br> <blockquote><small>Es sind zwey Bißthümer in dieser Insel, eines zu ''Hola'', das andere zu ''Schalot'', '''Scalotum''', welche Städte auch vor anderen zu mercken. Zu ''Ballestadt'' aber ist des Dähnischen Statthalters Residentz.</small></blockquote> * Hieronymus Freyer: ''Erster Abriß der Geographie nach der neuen Zeit für die anfangende Jugend.'' Halae Saxonum 1733, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Abriß_der_Geographie/3T5hAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=RA16-PP3&printsec=frontcover p. 161]<br> <blockquote><small>Auf der Insel Island: ''Skalholt'', '''Scalotum'''; ''Bestede'', ''Bessastadium'', …</small></blockquote> * Johann Jacob Schatz: ''Atlas Homannianus illustratus'', tom. 2. Ysenaci 1742, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Atlas_Homannianus_illustratus_Das_ist_Ge/iU_Qj6CygaAC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PT32&printsec=frontcover p. 274]<br> <blockquote><small>2. ''Scalot'' oder ''Schalot'', '''Scalotum''', … der vornehmste Ort der gantzen Insul.<br>3. ''Ballestad, Ballestadium'', gleich darunter, die Residenz des Dänischen Vice-Re.</small></blockquote> * Christian von Wolff: ''Vollständiges Mathematisches Lexicon,'' tom. 2. Lipsiae 1742, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Vollständiges_Mathematisches_Lexicon/VnsTfhgcYcAC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=RA1-PA444&printsec=frontcover p. 444]<br> <blockquote><small>XXIII. … '''Scalotum''' Island.</small></blockquote> * Carl Günther Ludovici: ''Grosses vollstädniges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste'', tom. 34 (Sao-Schla.), Lipsiae et Halae Saxonum 1742, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Grosses_vollständiges_Universal_Lexicon/kV8hAQAAMAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA515&printsec=frontcover coll. 516, 824]<br> <blockquote><small>''Scalot'', Stadt, siehe ''Schalholt''.<br>''SCALOTUM'', Stadt, siehe ''Schalholt''. …<br>''Schalholt, Scalot, Schalot,'' auch ''Skalhold'', Lat. '''Schalholtum''', '''Scalholtum''', '''Scalotum''', die Hauptstadt der Insul Ißland, liegt an der Südlichen Küste, und hat einen Bischoff, der unter den Ertz-Bischoff zu Drontheim gehöret, wie auch eine Universität.<br>''SCHALHOLTUM'', eine Stadt, siehe ''Schalholt''.</small></blockquote> * ''Geographica globi terraquei synopsis, a multis, praesertim quod Hungariam attinet, erroribus, qui in Celeberrimo alias Geographo Hübnero, aliisque circumferuntur, expurgata.'' Tyrnaviae 1745, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Synopsis_Geographica_globi_terraquei_a_m/XG9YAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA174&printsec=frontcover p. 174]<br> <blockquote><small>… urbes habet '''Scalotum''', & ''Ballestadt'' seu ''Bestede'' Gubernatoris Danici sedem; …</small></blockquote> * ''Kurtzgefaßte Politische Geographie zur Erläuterung eines kleinen, in Rußischer Sprache publicirten Atlantis'', Petropoli 1745, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Kurtzgefaszte_politische_geographie_zur/-4hbAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA162&printsec=frontcover p. 162]<br> <blockquote><small>''Schalot'' oder ''Skalholt'' lat. '''Scalotum''' ist die beste Stadt dieser Insel …<br>Der Dänische Gouverneur residiret nicht hie sondern auf einem Schloß ''Ballenstädt'' lat. ''Ballestadium'' genand.</small></blockquote> * Antoine-Augustin Bruzen de la Martinière: ''Historisch-Politisch-Geographischer Atlas der gantzen Welt'', tom. 10 (SAO. --- SZY.), Lipsiae 1748, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Historisch_Politisch_Geographischer_Atla/d93dcxKQdbwC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA197&printsec=frontcover col. 197]<br> <blockquote><small>''SCHALHOLT, Scalholt, Scalot, Schalot, Skalhold,'' '''Schalholtum''', '''Scalholtum''', '''Scalotum''', '''Scalholta''', die Haupt-Stadt auf der Insul Island, in ihrem Südlichen Theile …</small></blockquote> * ''Memoriae subsidium metricum in duas partes distinctum … a sacerdote ordinis Capuccinorum provinciae Mediolanensis.'' Mediolani 1763, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Memoriae_subsidium_metricum_in_duas_part/eU4K9FGflhgC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA69&printsec=frontcover p. 69]<br> <blockquote><small> :''Norvegia.'' :Baltici ad occasum pars lævior, Oceanoque :Exposita, est Norvegia, habens Jutlandiam ad austrum, :Contra quam, tractu distans mari, objicit arcem, :Tum agrum Agerhusiæ, ubi Ansloa, et Christiania, nec non :Urbs Friderichstadium; at Bergam Caput æquori adaptat :Occiduo, inferius Stavangriam, & altius urbem :Nidrosiam, aut ''Dronthem'', quæ sub circlo Arctico ad ortum :Est Islandiæ, id est Antiquis ultima Tulle, :Ignivomum dat Heclam montem, Hollam, arcemque '''Scalotum'''; :…</small><br> ''N.B. Sacerdos Italus, qui hos versus propter nimias synaloephas elisionesque haud facile recitandos composuit, putavisse videtur Asloam et Christianiam esse duas urbes diversas, cum urbs Asloa (sive Osloa) eo tempore tantummodo 'Christiania' nominaretur. Notitia igitur locorum, quos carmine Heroico commemorat, in dubium vocanda est.''</blockquote> * Johann Georg Hager: ''Ausführliche Geographie'', tom. 3. Chemnitii 1747, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Ausführliche_Geographie/ZExYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA95&printsec=frontcover p. 95]<br> <blockquote><small>1) BESTEDE, BOLLASTAED, oder BALLENSTAEDT, ein feines Schloß im südlichen Viertheil, worauf der königliche Stadthalter seinen Sitz hat.<br>2) SCHALOT, oder SKALHOLT, Lat. '''Scalotum''', ist die vornehmste Stadt auf der ganzen Insul, allwo ein Bischof ist.</small></blockquote> * Johann Heinrich Drümel: ''Lexicon manuale Latino-Germanicum et Germanico-Latinum'', tom. 2. Ratisbonae et Lipsiae 1775, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Johannis_Henrici_Drumelii_Lexicon_manual/Aqap1D-lJ5YC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA1373&printsec=frontcover p. 1373]<br> <blockquote><small>'''Scalotum''', i, n. ''Schalot'' oder ''Skalthot''&thinsp;^[sic], Stadt auf der Insel Island.</small></blockquote> * Johann Joachim Schwabe: ''Vollständige Einleitung zur Geographischen Wissenschaft, nach der neuen und alten Zeit.'' Regiomontii 1782, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Vollständige_Einleitung_zur_Geographisc/6xipcHHazcwC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA168&printsec=frontcover p. 168]<br> <blockquote><small>''Skaalholt'', '''Scalotum''', die Hauptstadt mit einem Bisthume. …<br>''Bessastader, Bessastadium'', ein Schloß, auf welchem der dänische Amtmann, so wie der Landvogt auf der Insel ''Videy'', seinen Sitz hat.</small></blockquote> * Adam Piotr Kaliszewski: ''Recueil des mots dont on se sert pour exprimer les choses, que l'on voit dans le Monde. Zabranie słow których zażywamy do wyrażenia tych rzeczy, które się na świecie znayduią.'' Varsoviae 1795, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Recueil_des_mots_Zabranie_słow/AbpfAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA351&printsec=frontcover p. 351]<br> <blockquote><small>''Scalholt''. '''Scalotum'''.</small></blockquote> === Schalotum === * ''Parallela Geographiae veteris et novae. Auctore Philippo Brietio Abbavillaeo, Societatis IESV Sacerdote.'' Parisiis 1649, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Parallela_geographiae_veteris_et_nouae_A/qaojwLwh-AMC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=schalotum&pg=PA187&printsec=frontcover p. 187] <blockquote><small>'''Schalotum''' ''Schalhot''&thinsp;^[sic], Episcopalis condita ab Isleffo filio Gysseri, quo vsus etiam erat Rex Olauus; et hic Isleffus primus ordinatus est Insulae Episcopus ab Archiepiscopo Bremensi. ''Besteda'' arx: ''Bestede'', aliter ''Kronningesgard'', vbi Prorex Insulae commoratur.</small></blockquote> * Christoph Cellarius: ''Alte und Neue Geographie.'' Ienae 1709, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Christ_Cellarii_Professoris_Hallens_Alte/JCtTAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=schalotum&pg=RA1-PA244&printsec=frontcover p. 244] * Johann Christoph Bremer: ''Europa Latina, oder Alphabetisches Verzeichniß der vornehmsten Landschaften, Städte, Meere, Seen, Berge und Flüsse in Europa.'' Quedlinburgi 1785, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Europa_Latina_oder_Alphabetisches_Verzei/hjxnAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=schalotum&pg=PA335&printsec=frontcover p. 195, 335] * Johann Georg Theodor Graesse: ''Orbis Latinus oder Verzeichniss der lateinischen Benennungen der bekanntesten Städte etc., Meere, Seen, Berge und Flüsse in allen Theilen der Erde.'' Dresdae 1861, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Orbis_latinus/SJ9u9LIzqwsC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=orbis+graesse+schalotum&pg=PA178&printsec=frontcover p. 178] * Günther Alexander Saalfeld: ''Deutsch-lateinisches Handbüchlein der Eigennamen aus der alten, mittleren und neuen Geographie.'' Lipsiae 1885, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Deutsch_lateinisches_handbüchlein_der_e/gOsIAAAAQAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=schalotum&pg=PA605&printsec=frontcover col. 606] === Schalholtus? === Illam formam nusquam reperire potui. De fonte olim in ipsa re citato "'''Schalholtus'''^[4]: 4. '''Pagina XXCVII''' in Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae."<br>''XXCVII'' - Istum numerum numquam vidi, sed dumtaxat puto eum "270" vel aliquid tale significare velle. Legamus igitur, quid scriptum sit in Finni Iohannaei ''Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae'', tom. 1, Hafniae 1772:<br> <blockquote><small>Templum '''Skalholtense''', qvam antea fuit, augustius exstruxit …, [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/282/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n281/mode/2up p. 270]<br> Reversus in patriam 1057. cathedram episcopalem in prædio suo urbano & avito '''Skalholtia''' in Islandia meridionali sito fundavit. [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/280/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n279/mode/2up p. 269]<br> Tandem Thingvallis, sacris operans, tam violento morbi genere capitur, ut ea perficere nequiret, unde '''Skalholtum''' devectus, 3 Cal. Julii, Anno ætat. 74, officii 24. Christi 1080. placide obdormivit. [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/278/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n277/mode/2up p. 267]<br> Seqventem annum Isleifus in Norvegia transegit, tandemqve Anno 1057. in Islandiam reversus '''Skalholti''' sedem fixit. [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/276/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n275/mode/2up p. 264]</small></blockquote> Non agitur de forma ''*Schalholtus'', quae nulla est, sed de tribus formis initio tractatis. At fieri potest, ut usor, qui hoc nomen ceteris adiecit, genus nominis confuderit. Scriptio autem ''Schal-'' in paginis nuper citatis omnino non invenitur. == Notae == <references /> [[Usor:Petrus Tectander|Petrus Tectander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Petrus Tectander|disputatio]]) 18:14, 2 Augusti 2022 (UTC) 6ggaosk8qxr4dwu4bwhovr6r7drvno0 3695842 3695841 2022-08-02T22:29:02Z Petrus Tectander 55452 /* Scalotum seu Schalotum */ wikitext text/x-wiki DOnt' you just love how often we get footnotes longer than articles here? --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 06:11, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) :I was just asked to fix the latin, not write the article =] --[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus]] <small>^{[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioshus Rocchio|(disp)]]}</small> 06:14, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) ::Well in the Latin Wikipedia there is more need to cite where you get the word from- and I just wanted to be exact so I wrote from what book I got it, from what chapter and the author. I'm sure it'll expand in the "not to distant future". :) --[[Usor:BiT|BiT]] 09:33, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) :::Absolutely. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 17:57, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) ::::I mean what can you ''not'' write about Skálholt? :] --[[Usor:BiT|BiT]] 18:14, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) :::::Well, if you hadn't said something, I think I could have not written ''every''thing about Skálholt =] --[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus]] <small>^{[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioshus Rocchio|(disp)]]}</small> 18:20, 25 Ianuarii 2007 (UTC) == De motione == Salvete, omnes! ;) Cum nomina ''Scalotum'' seu ''Schalotum'' minime ab Islandis excogitata essent, sed a Francogallicis et Germanis, qui saeculis 17 et 18 appellationem Islandicam ''Skálholt'' in formam enuntiatu faciliorem ''Sc(h)alot'' mutavisse videntur et ex hac ipsa forma, ut oculis clare apparebit, denominationes Latinas quodammodo dubias finxerunt, hanc rem ad '''Scalholtum''' movi, ita ut formae ab ipsis Islandis Latinizatae praecipuum locum daretur. Formam ''Scalholtum'', quae satis exstat in libris Islandicis Latine conscriptis, formae usitatiori ''Skalholtum'' anteposui Latinitatis gratia. Si quis vestrûm scire voluerit, quod vertente septimana praeterita congesserim, id hic legere poterit. == Skalholtum == === Nominativus === * '''Skalholtum''' (Skálholt).<ref>''Scripta historica Islandorum de rebus gestis veterum borealium, Latine reddita et apparatu critico instructa. Volumen duodecimum.'' Hafniae 1846, [https://baekur.is/bok/000121942/12/546/Scripta_historica#page/n545/mode/2up/search/skalholtum p. 539]</ref> === Genetivus === * Pugna '''Skalholti''' inter Urækiam et Gissurum.<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/178/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n177/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 145]</ref> === Accusativus === * 1239. Nicolaus episcopus in Grönlandiam profectus est. Sigvardus '''Skalholtum''', Botolfus '''Holas''' se contulerunt.<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/176/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n175/mode/2up p. 113]</ref> * 1413. Navis mercatoria ex Anglia in Islandiam venit, præfectus ejus nomine Richardus regis Norvegiæ litteris permissoriis instructus quibus venia ei dabatur libere negotiandi in regnis suis. Nave sua ortum versus apud Hornum exiens, ad '''Skalholtum''' usqve eqvo vectus est …<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/452/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n451/mode/2up/search/skalholtum p. 389]</ref> === Ablativus === * ''Audsholtum'' villa est meridionalis Islandiae, a sede Episcopi '''Skalholto''' haud procul dissita.<ref>Gerhardus Schøning, Skulius Theodori Thorlacius (edd.): ''Heimskringla edr Noregs Konunga-Sögor af Snorra Sturlusyni; Snorre Sturlesøns Norske Kongers Historie; Historia Regum Norvegicorum, conscripta a Snorrio Sturlae filio.'' Tom. 3, Hafniae 1783, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365881/3/398/Heimskringla#page/n397/mode/2up/search/skalholto p. 345]</ref> * Hoc exemplum … Magnaeus ab episcopo Johanni Vidalino adeptus est ex '''Skalholto''' …<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/36/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n35/mode/2up/search/skalholto p. XXIII]</ref> === Locativus === * Hoc tamen exemplar, & omnia jam memorata exscripta, ante annum 1688, quo iste liber '''SKALHOLTI''' prodiit, scripta sunt …<ref>''Íslands Landnámabók. Hoc est: Liber originum Islandiae.'' Hafniae 1774, [https://baekur.is/bok/000233822/0/16/Islands#page/n15/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 13]</ref> * Kolus paucos annos in Islandia permansit … & Episcoporum primus, teste ''Hungurvaka'', '''Skalholti''' sepultus est.<ref>''Íslands Landnámabók. Hoc est: Liber originum Islandiae.'' Hafniae 1774, [https://baekur.is/bok/000233822/0/422/Islands#page/n421/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 396]</ref> * Tum Gizur Albus filius Teiti, Ketilbjörnis filii, '''Skalholti''' habitavit; qui … Thangbrandum … ad se invitavit; cum quo Thangbrandus per hiemem '''Skalholti''' fuit.<ref>''Scripta historica Islandorum de rebus gestis veterum borealium, Latine reddita et apparatu critico instructa. Volumen secundum.'' Hafniae 1828, [https://baekur.is/bok/000121942/2/198/Scripta_historica#page/n197/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 191]</ref> * Hæc enim verba auctorem arguunt Oddæ vel fortasse '''Skalholti''' degisse …<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/56/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n55/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. XLIII]</ref> * Solus textus Islandicus editus est '''Skalholti''' 1688 …<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012692/0/258/Antiquitates#page/n257/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 206]</ref> * Praecepta cursus navalis ad Grœnlandiam dirigendi inveniuntur … in Appendice Arngrimi Jonæ ''Grœnlandiæ'' Islandicæ versionis, '''Skalholti''' 1688 editæ …<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012692/0/352/Antiquitates#page/n351/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 301]</ref> * … (vid. Thorlacii Calend. '''Skalholti''' Anno 1692 editum) …<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012692/0/488/Antiquitates#page/n487/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 437]</ref> * … [Thangbrandus] '''Skalholti''' hiemat …<ref>''Scripta historica Islandorum de rebus gestis veterum borealium, Latine reddita et apparatu critico instructa. Volumen undecimum.'' Hafniae 1842, [https://baekur.is/bok/000121942/11/432/Scripta_historica#page/n431/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 416]</ref> * Tempore Brynjolfi episcopi … hic liber '''Skalholti''' fuit … Post mortem Brynjolfi episcopi liber '''Skalholti''' extitit, in regesta sacræ domus tamen non relatus …<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/40/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n39/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. XXVII]</ref> * Gissur autem triginta post noctibus, tertio septimanæ die, quinto calendas Junias, '''Skalholti''' mortuus est.<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquités Russes d'après les monuments historiques des Islandais et des anciens Scandinaves'', tom. 2, Hafniae 1852, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012689/2/252/Antiquites_Russes_d_apr_s_les#page/n251/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 229]</ref> * Prior possessor fuit Magnus quidam Gunnlaugi filius, qui hoc anno '''Skalholti''' commoratus esse videtur …<ref>Sveinbjörn Egilsson (ed.): ''Edda Snorra Sturlusonar; Edda Snorronis Sturlaei'', tom. 3, Hafniae 1880-87, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365811/3/16/Edda_Snorra_Sturlusonar#page/n15/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. III]</ref> * Utraque pars manu Gudmundi Björnis filii („'''Skalholti''' Anno 1654“); …<ref>Sveinbjörn Egilsson (ed.): ''Edda Snorra Sturlusonar; Edda Snorronis Sturlaei'', tom. 3, Hafniae 1880-87, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365811/3/118/Edda_Snorra_Sturlusonar#page/n117/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. CIV]</ref> * ''Drápa um Þorlák biskup hins helga'', carmen … anno 1237 compositum, quod jejunio paschali ejusdem anni '''Skalholti''' præsentavit aut recitavit …<ref>Sveinbjörn Egilsson (ed.): ''Edda Snorra Sturlusonar; Edda Snorronis Sturlaei'', tom. 3, Hafniae 1880-87, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365811/3/514/Edda_Snorra_Sturlusonar#page/n513/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 380]</ref> * … med en af forfatteren underskreven fortale ‘in conjectanea Saxonica proloqvium’ dateret '''Skalholti''' MDCXLIX.<ref>''Katalog over den Arnamagnæanske håndskriftsamling'', tom. 2, Hafniae 1894, [https://baekur.is/bok/000215004/2/268/Katalog_over_den#page/n267/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 235]</ref> * … Vale. '''Skalholti''' 6 kalendas julij Anno [M D] XXXIX.<ref>''Diplomatarium Islandicum. Íslenzkt Fornbréfasafn'', tom. 10 (1169–1542). Reykiavicae 1911-21, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197700/10/472/Diplomatarium_Islandicum__#page/n471/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 440]</ref> === Skalholtensis, e === * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensis '''Skalholtensis'''] (41), inter vetustissimos locos etiam hi duo: * <small>(Ex epistula Marcelli episcopi die '''20 Martii 1453''' Hafniae scripta.)</small> Marcellus dej gracia episcopus '''skalholtensis''' … Dilecto nobis in christo olauo ragwaldi presbitero '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis Salutem … Dudum bone memorie dominus aslacus archiepiscopus nidrosiensis noster predecessor johanni sigmundi presbitero '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis ecclesiam sancti Nicolaj aput odda in rangarwalla '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis ex longa et obseruata consuetudine ad archiepiscopi nidrosiensis dumtaxat collacionem spectantem certo modo vacantem duxerat conferendam … Mandantes et omnibus et singulis presbiteris et clericis nostre '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis …<ref>''Diplomatarium Islandicum. Íslenzkt Fornbréfasafn'', tom. 5 (1330–1476). Hafniae et Reykiavicae 1899–1902, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197700/5/148/Diplomatarium_Islandicum__#page/n147/mode/2up/search/skalholtensis p. 102]</ref> * <small>(Ex epistula Marcelli episcopi die '''21 Martii 1453''' Hafniae scripta.)</small> Nos marcellus dei gracia Episcopus '''skalholtensis''' … recip[i]mus manualiter a dilecto nobis in christo domino olauo ragwaldi presbitero '''skalholtensis''' dyocesis pro parte Reuerindi patris domini gotskalchi episcopi holensis et administratoris ecclesie nostre '''skalholtensis''' nobilia anglicana aurea numero decem ad computum quatuor marcharum monete haffnensis quodlibet.<ref>''Diplomatarium Islandicum. Íslenzkt Fornbréfasafn'', tom. 5 (1330–1476). Hafniae et Reykiavicae 1899–1902, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197700/5/148/Diplomatarium_Islandicum__#page/n147/mode/2up/search/skalholtensis p. 103]</ref> * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensem '''Skalholtensem'''] (10) * [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/282/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n281/mode/2up '''Skalholtense'''] (1) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensi '''Skalholtensi'''] (17) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtenses '''Skalholtenses'''] (2) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensium '''Skalholtensium'''] (2) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtensibus '''Skalholtensibus'''] (1) === Skalholtinus, a, um === * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinus '''Skalholtinus'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtini '''Skalholtini'''] (12) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtino '''Skalholtino'''] (1) * … gravibus illis controversiis … quæ … inter Rafnem Oddsonium, præfectum regium, et Arnium Thorlaksonium, episcopum '''Skalholtinum''', extiterunt.<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (ed.): ''Antiquitates Americanae'', Hafniae 1837, [https://baekur.is/bok/000012692/0/310/Antiquitates#page/n309/mode/2up/search/skalholti p. 259]</ref> * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtina '''Skalholtina'''] (7) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinæ '''Skalholtinae'''] (7) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinam '''Skalholtinam'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinos '''Skalholtinos'''] (4) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=skalholtinis '''Skalholtinis'''] (4) == Scalholtum == === Accusativus === * … suasit, ut '''Scalholtum''' ad ipsum Episcopum dispensationem periturus tenderet.<ref>Birgerus Thorlacius, Ericus Christianus Werlauff (edd.): ''Heimskringla edr Noregs Konunga-Sögor; Norske Kongers Historie; Historia Regum Norvegicorum.'' Tom. 5, Hafniae 1818, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365881/5/24/Heimskringla#page/n23/mode/2up/search/scalholtum p. XVII]</ref> === Ablativus === * … Haukadal, quod '''Scalholto''' duobus milliaribus cum semisse distat …<ref>Ebenezer Henderson: ''Iceland; or the Journal of a Residence in that Island, during the Years 1814 and 1815'', tom. 1, Edinburgi 1818 [https://baekur.is/bok/000171294/1/156/Iceland__or_the_Journal_of_a#page/n155/mode/2up/search/scalholto p. 62]</ref> === Locativus === * Ex holosericis autem pulvinorum, quos Rex donaverat, indumentis, confecta sunt amicula præcentoria, quae etiam nunc '''Scalholti''' supersunt.<ref>Gerhardus Schøning, Skulius Theodori Thorlacius (edd.): ''Heimskringla edr Noregs Konunga-Sögor af Snorra Sturlusyni; Snorre Sturlesøns Norske Kongers Historie; Historia Regum Norvegicorum, conscripta a Snorrio Sturlae filio.'' Tom. 3, Hafniae 1783, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365881/3/371/Heimskringla#page/n370/mode/1up/search/scalholti p. 318]</ref> * Cum hoc tributo aliisque bonis unus Islandiæ Episcopatus qui a sede Episcopi quam Gissurus primus '''Scalholti''' fundaverat, Scalholtensis dicebatur adeo ditatus esset, ut deminutionem redituum facile sustinere posset, idem Gissurus (anno 1105) auctor fuit, ut præter illum novus Episcopatus erigeretur, Holensis dictus …<ref>''Hin forna lögbók Íslendínga sem nefndist Grágás. Codex juris Islandorum antiquissimus, qui nominatur Grágás.'' Hafniae 1829, [https://baekur.is/bok/000142092/1/28/Hin_forna_logbok_Islendinga#page/n27/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. XXII sq.]</ref> * … cujus sunt duæ versiones, versibus Islandicis vere poëticis, circa annum 1195, a Gunnlogo, Monacho Thingeyrensi, in boreali insulæ parte, (auctore Historiæ Olai Tryggvini, Norvegiæ Regis, prius '''Scalholti''' et nuper quoque Havniæ editæ.)<ref>''Catalogus criticus et historico-literarius Codicum CLIII. manuscriptorum borealium. Auctore Finno Magnaeo, Islando.'' Oxonii 1832, [https://baekur.is/bok/000117732/0/50/Catalogus#page/n49/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. 42]</ref> * Dabam '''Scalholti''' aust[ra]li[s] [Is]landiae IV idus Qvintileis anni Christiani mi[llesimi se]xc[ente]simi qvinqvagesimi sexti. T. G. XL. addictissimus cultor et cliens Brynolfus Svenonius R m[anu] p[pro]pria.<ref>''Íslendinga sögur, udgivne efter gamle haandskrifter'', tom. 4, Hafniae 1889, [https://baekur.is/bok/000196966/4/712/Islendinga#page/n711/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. 701]</ref> * Nascitur '''Scalholti''' in australi Islandia, Anno MDCXLII°.<ref>Jón Þorkelsson: ''Íslenzkar ártíðaskrár eða Obituaria Islandica.'' Hafniae 1893-96, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197647/1/272/Islenzkar_artidaskrar_eda#page/n271/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. 254]</ref> * Vidimus et contulimus '''Scalholti''' d. 18. Decembr. Anno 1710.<ref>''Diplomatarium Islandicum. Íslenzkt Fornbréfasafn'', tom. 3 (1269–1415). Hafniae 1896, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197700/3/688/Diplomatarium_Islandicum__#page/n687/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. 655]</ref> * '''Scalholti''' australis Islandiae E. A. D. prid. Eid. Qvinctiles anni Domini Mmi DCmi Lmi VIIm[i].<ref>''Katalog over de oldnorsk-islandske håndskrifter i Det store kongelige bibliotek og i Universitetsbiblioteket (udenfor den Arnamagnæanske samling) samt den Arnamagnæanske samlings tilvækst 1894-99.'' Hafniae 1900, [https://baekur.is/bok/000224141/0/32/Katalog_over_de#page/n31/mode/2up/search/scalholti p. XXIV]</ref> === Scalholtensis, e === * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensis '''Scalholtensis'''] (46) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtense '''Scalholtense'''] (1) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensem '''Scalholtensem'''] (6) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensi '''Scalholtensi'''] (23) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtenses '''Scalholtenses'''] (4) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensium '''Scalholtensium'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtensibus '''Scalholtensibus'''] (1) === Scalholtinus, a, um === * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtinus '''Scalholtinus'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtini '''Scalholtini'''] (3) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtino '''Scalholtino'''] (1) * [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=scalholtinæ '''Scalholtinæ'''] (1) == Scalholtia seu Schalholtia == * … prædicti viri clarißimi Dñ. Gudbrandus Thorlacius, et Dñ. Otto Enarus, ille Holis, hic '''Schalholtiæ''', Ecclesiarum sunt antistites.<ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Brevis commentarius de Islandia.'' Hafniae 1592, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Brevis_commentarius_de_Islandia/K-9TAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq="otto+enerus"&pg=PA67&printsec=frontcover p. 67^recto]</ref> * Reversus in patriam Anno 1057. Cathedram Episcopalem in prædio suo Vrbano & avito, '''Scalholltia'''^[sic], in Islandia Meridionali sito fundavit. <small>Vide et infra ''(Schalholtus?):'' '''Skalholtia'''.</small><ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Crymogaea sive Rerum Islandicarum libri III.'' Hamburgi 1610 et 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Crymogaea_sive_rerum_islandicarum_libri/8_dGKM-4scoC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholltia&pg=PA106&printsec=frontcover p. 106]</ref> * … quum tamen a '''Scalholtia''' non procul distet milliari uno aut altero: ac proinde Islandiæ meridionalis mons sit.<ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana/O75BAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtia&pg=PA43&printsec=frontcover p. 43]</ref> * Quod si veri quid subest, non ad Occasum, sed Meridiem, '''Scalholtia''' non procul juxta villam Haukadal <ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana_qua_D_Belfkenii_visc/aRhmAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtia&pg=PA58&printsec=frontcover p. 58]</ref> * … ac inde '''Scalholtiam''', terentem: nec minus ipsi præfecto familiarem … ac proximum triennium '''Scalholtiæ''' agentem, munereque perfunctum pædagogico.<ref>Arngrimus Ionas: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana/O75BAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtiam&pg=PA68&printsec=frontcover p. 68]</ref> * '''Scalholtiæ''' triennium exegi …<ref>''Epistula Gudbrandi Thorlacii ad lectorem.'' In: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana_qua_D_Belfkenii_visc/aRhmAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtiæ&pg=PP7&printsec=frontcover s. p.]</ref> * … continuo isto triennio, quo '''Scalholtiæ''' vixi …<ref>''Epistula Gudbrandi Thorlacii ad lectorem.'' In: ''Anatome Blefkeniana.'' Hamburgi 1613, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Anatome_Blefkeniana_qua_D_Belfkenii_visc/aRhmAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=anatome+blefkeniana+scalholtiæ&pg=PP7&printsec=frontcover s. p.]</ref> * Martin Zeiller: ''Neue Beschreibung der Königreiche Dennemarck und Norwegen.'' Ulmae 1658, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Neue_Beschreibung_der_Königreiche_Denne/Y2NYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholtia&pg=RA2-PT11&printsec=frontcover p. 53] ('''Scalholtia''') * Franciscus Nigrinus: ''Schauplatz der ganzen Welt.'' Norimbergae 1678, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Schauplatz_der_ganzen_Welt_oder_Summaris/9HBYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholtia&pg=PA279&printsec=frontcover p. 279] ('''Scalholtia''') * Cathedram Episcopalem in prædio suo urbano & avito '''Scalholtia''' in Islandia meridionali sita, fundavit.<ref>Nicolaus Petrus Sibbern: ''Bibliotheca historica Dano-Norvegica.'' Hamburgi et Lipsiae 1716, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Nicolai_Petri_Sibbern_Bibliotheca_histor/lKBbAAAAQAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalholtia&pg=PA71&printsec=frontcover p. 71], cf. cum nota 35.</ref> * … tam ovium, quam [boum], ut inter dies migrationum et festum Petri '''Schalholtia''' sola octoginta boves amiserit.<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430.'' Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/322/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n321/mode/2up/search/schalholtia p. 259]</ref> * Stephanus Vallanesensis de Signis horologicis Islandiæ cum Versione latina Ionæ Widalini '''Schalholtiæ''' Episcopi.<ref>''Katalog over de oldnorsk-islandske håndskrifter i Det store kongelige bibliotek og i Universitetsbiblioteket (udenfor den Arnamagnæanske samling) samt den Arnamagnæanske samlings tilvækst 1894-99.'' Hafniae 1900, [https://baekur.is/bok/000224141/0/464/Katalog_over_de#page/n463/mode/2up/search/schalholtiæ p. 390]</ref> == Scalotum seu Schalotum == ==== Praemonitio ==== Formae peculiares ''Scalotum'' et ''Schalotum'', quamvis sint creberrimae, numquam ab ipsis Islandis adhibitae sunt. Immo, quattuor tantum locos reperire potui, in quibus nomen ''Sc(h)alotum'' in textu re vera Latine conscripto apparet. Ceteris libris (plerumque Theodisce conscriptis!) tantummodo forma Latina a geographis Francogallicis et Germanicis excogitata affertur, hoc modo: "''Schalot'', Latine ''Scalotum''" et ita porro. Praeterea constat auctores, qui hoc exemplum secuti sunt, illas ipsissimas formas ex operibus aliorum scriptorum exscripsisse, nam praeter ''Scalotum'' fere ubique commemorant urbem Islandiae ''Ballestadt'' seu ''Bellastede'' (recte: ''Bessastaðir''), quod nomen sine dubio ex prava lectione natum esse videtur, cum littera ''s'' illis temporibus saepissime ''ſ'' longa scriberetur ''(Beſſaſtaðir)'' et in legendo facillime cum littera ''l'' confundi posset. Id quoque formas ''Scalotum'' et ''Schalotum'' in dubium vocat. Ex omnibus auctoribus perpauci tantum formas rectiores afferunt, in primis Gladov, Freyer, Ludovici, Bruzen de la Martinière et Schwabe. === Scalotum === * Christian Wigand: ''Neu-vermehrte und auf eine leichte dem Gedächtniß dienliche Methode nach ietziger Zeit eingerichtete Teutsche Staats-Geographie.'' [Lipsiae 1693], [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Neu_vermehrte_Teutsche_Staats_Geographie/6ZdOAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA1233&printsec=frontcover p. 1233]<br> <blockquote><small>Die vornehmsten Oerter derselben sind: ''Bestede'' woselbst ein Königlich Schloß ist, auf welchem der Königl. Gouverneur residiret, liegt an dem ''Sinu Hafna''; Und ''Halar'' samt ''Skalholt'', so auch ''Schalot'', '''Scalotum''', genennet wird, und die beste Stadt der Insul ist; allwo der Bischoff seinen Sitz hat.</small></blockquote> * Johann Hübner: ''Kurtze Fragen aus der Alten und Neuen Geographie.'' Lipsiae 1693, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Kurtze_Fragen_aus_der_Neuen_und_alten_Ge/qflCAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA705&printsec=frontcover p. 705]<br> <blockquote><small>1) SCHALOT lat. '''Scalotum''' ist die beste Stadt darinnen.<br>2) BALLESTADT ist ein Schloß, da der Dänische Gouverneur seine Residenz hat.</small></blockquote> * Eiusdem {{ling|Batavice}}: ''Kort Begrip der oude en nieuwe Geographie.'' Amstelodami 1707, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Kort_begrip_der_Oude_en_Nieuwe_Geographi/cRjFKxxNTrcC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA493&printsec=frontcover p. 493]<br> <blockquote><small>1. SCALHOLT, in 't Latyn '''Scalotum''', de beste Stad van het genoemde Eiland.<br>2. BALLESTAD, in 't Latyn ''Ballestadium'', een Slot waar op de Deensche Gouverneur zyne residentie heeft.</small></blockquote> * Eiusdem {{ling|Francogallice}}: ''Abrege de la Vieille et Nouvelle Geographie'', tom. 1, ed. 6^a, Amstelodami 1735, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/ABREGE_de_la_Vieille_Nouvelle_GEOGRAPHIE/EJF0_rLgXtoC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA702&printsec=frontcover p. 441]<br> <blockquote><small>1. SCALHOLT, Lat. '''Scalotum''', y est la meilleure ville.<br>2. BESTEDE ou KONINGSGARD, forteresse où le Vice-Roi fait sa residence.</small></blockquote> * Johann Ulrich Müller: ''Neu-außgefertigter Kleiner Atlas. Oder Umständliche Beschreibung deß gantzen Erden-Kräyses.'' Francofurti [ad Moenum] 1702, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Neu_aussgefertigter_kleiner_Atlas_oder_u/j_aFkYTmxAkC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=RA1-PA587&printsec=frontcover p. 587]<br> <blockquote><small>Die vornehmsten Oerter darinnen seyn ''Balstede'', oder ''Bestede'', allwo ein Königliches Schloß ist, worauf der Königliche Statthalter residiret.<br>Fürters kommet zum Vorschein ''Skalholt'', '''Scalotum''', so die beste Stadt der Insel ist, allwo der Bischoff seine Wohnung hat.</small></blockquote> * Melissantes (= Johann Gottfried Gregorii): ''Geographia novissima specialis. Das ist: Der neuen Welt- Land- und Städte- Beschreibung'', pars II. Francofurti ad Moenum et Lipsiae 1708, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Geographia_Novissima_Generalis_Specialis/2vNCAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA1479&printsec=frontcover p. 1479]<br> <blockquote><small>1. ''Bestede'', oder ''Ballestadt'', ein fein Schloß worauf der Königliche Statthalter residiret.<br>2. ''Scalot'' od[e]r ''Schalot'' auch ''Skalholt'', lat. '''Scalotum''', ist die vornehmsten Stadt der gantzen Insul.</small></blockquote> * Benjamin Hederich: ''Anleitung zu den fürnehmsten Historischen Wissenschaften.'' Wittenbergae 1711, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Benjamin_Hederichs_Anleitung_zu_den_für/yFb5RFVMFc8C?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA51&printsec=frontcover p. 56]<br> <blockquote><small>Die bekanntesten Oerter sind ''Schalot'', lat. '''Scalotum''', … und ''Ballestadt'', lat. ''Ballestadium'', …</small></blockquote> * Friedrich Gladov: ''Einleitung zur neuesten Geographie von Europa und was mit demselben in denen übrigen Welt-Theilen eine Verknüpffung haben möchte.'' Coloniae Agrippinae 1716, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Einleitung_zur_neuesten_Geographie_von_E/h8hhAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA419&printsec=frontcover p. 419]<br> <blockquote><small>''Bessede, Bessestadt'', am Meerbusen ''Altfiaord''&thinsp;^[sic], gegen Mittag, eine artige Stadt und Schloß, wo der Dähnische Gouverneur residiret.<br>''Schalhold'', '''Scalotum''', eine artige Hauptstadt, Schloß und Bistuhm.</small></blockquote> * Antonio Chiusole: ''Il mondo antico, moderno, e novissimo'', tom. 2. Venetiis 1716, [https://books.google.de/books?id=2bINWLq6e5IC&pg=PA554&dq=scalotum,+la+migliore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi0wvHskKb5AhXPi_0HHZOICxgQ6AF6BAgCEAI#v=onepage&q=scalotum%2C%20la%20migliore&f=false pag. 554] {{ling|Italice}}<br> <blockquote><small>1. SCHALOT, ò SCHAHOLT&thinsp;^[sic], in Lat. '''Scalotum''', la migliore Città di tutta l'Isola.<br>2. BALLESTAT Castello in cui il Vice-Rè ha la sua Residenza.</small></blockquote> * Alain Manesson Mallet: ''Beschreibung des gantzen Welt-Kreises.'' Francofurti ad Moenum 1719, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Allain_Manesson_Mallets_Beschreibung_des/jptYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA230&printsec=frontcover p. 230].<br> <blockquote><small>1. ''Skalholt'' Lat. '''Scalotum''', eine Stadt, wo ein Bischoff wohnet.<br>2. ''Bellastede'' oder ''Bestede'', Stadt und Castell, wo der Dänische Gouverneur residiret.</small></blockquote>Francogallica versio originalis contra, cui titulus est ''Description de l'Univers'', nullum nomen Latinum commemorat (tom. 1, Lutetiae Parisiorum 1683, [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k8702809d/f322.item p. 292]):<blockquote><small>"On y compte aujourd'huy environ huit ou neuf habitations, dont les principales sont celles de ''Hola'', de ''Kirkebar'', de '''Schalholt''' …"</small></blockquote> * Johann Joseph Pockh: ''Der Politische Catholische Passagier, durchreisend alle hohe Höfe, Republiquen, Herrschafften und Länder der gantzen Welt'', tom. 8. Augustae Vindelicorum 1721, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Der_Politische_Catholische_Passagier_dur/2SQHthZ6kPUC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA832&printsec=frontcover p. 832]<br> <blockquote><small>1. ''Skalholt'', Lat. '''Scalotum''', ist eine zimlich grosse Stadt, deren Häuser aber insgesammt von Holtz aufgebauet sind, und pflegt sich sonst allhier auch ein Lutherischer Bischoff aufzuhalten.<br>2[.] ''Bestede'', oder ''Bellastede'', auch ''Kröniges-Gard'' genannt, ist eine Stadt, nebst einem Schloß, an der West-Südlichen Küste, allwo der Gouverneur, dem der König von Dännemarck diese Insel in seinem Nahmen zu regieren anvertrauet, seine gewöhnliche Residentz hat.</small></blockquote> * Sigmund Jacob Apin: ''Grammaticalisches Lexicon.'' Norimbergae 1728, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Grammatikalisches_Lexikon/BTNbAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=RA2-PA120&printsec=frontcover p. 120]<br> <blockquote><small>''Schalot'', Lat. '''Scalotum'''.</small></blockquote> * Christian Heinrich Weiße: ''Latium in Compendio oder: Der Geschwinde Lateiner, Das ist: Sichere, kurtze und angenehme Methode die Lateinische Sprache auf eine Mathematische Art nach Anleitung des Vocabularii Cellariani zu erlernen.'' Altenburgi 1729, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Christian_Heinrich_Weißens_Latium_In_Co/oZCNH4oFV3EC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scaloto&pg=PA197&printsec=frontcover p. 196 sq.]<br> <blockquote><small>(Pensum CXIV. Epistola de balænarum captura.)<br> Mi amice! Annus jam volvitur sextus, qvo in remotissimis, ultra qvos mundus præ nimio frigore est inhabitabilis, septentrionis tractibus degere placuit. Res mihi maxime notabilis visa est captio balænarum, qvam tibi membratim & luculenter perscribam, qvam primum ad te venero. Adjiciam & adumbrationem Grœnlandiæ & omnium regionum borealium ex meæ peregrinationis fastis. Nunc autem desideratio patriam rursus visendi me invasit, qva de re certiorem his facere te volui, & una expetere, ut meis germanis hoc prænunties, & illos plurima salute meo nomine impertiaris. Bene vale! '''Scaloto''' ex Islandia. Idus Sextiles A. O. R. MDCCXX.</small><br> ''N.B. Utrum haec lepida epistula reapse a quodam ballaenarum piscatore Germano sextum iam annum in Islandia degente missa fuerit ad illum amicum nominatim non indicatum (!) an ab ipso compendii auctore ficta sit, incertum est.''</blockquote> * Johann Christian Martini: ''Kurtze und deutliche Anweisung zur alten und neuen Staats-Geographie.'' Erlangae 1732, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Kurtze_und_deutliche_Anweisung_zur_alten/MbVaAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA816&printsec=frontcover p. 816]<br> <blockquote><small>1. ''Bestede'', oder ''Ballestadt'', ein feines Schloß, wo der Gouverneur residiret.<br>2. ''Schalot'', lat. '''Scalotum''', ist die beste Statt der Insel.</small></blockquote> * Philipp Clüver: ''Epitome Geographiae Cluverianae Nova, oder Gründlich-deutliche Beschreibung des gantzes Welt-Kreyßes.'' Norimbergae 1733, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Epitome_Geographiae_Cluverianae_Nova_ode/CmJYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA383&printsec=frontcover p. 383]<br> <blockquote><small>Es sind zwey Bißthümer in dieser Insel, eines zu ''Hola'', das andere zu ''Schalot'', '''Scalotum''', welche Städte auch vor anderen zu mercken. Zu ''Ballestadt'' aber ist des Dähnischen Statthalters Residentz.</small></blockquote> * Hieronymus Freyer: ''Erster Abriß der Geographie nach der neuen Zeit für die anfangende Jugend.'' Halae Saxonum 1733, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Abriß_der_Geographie/3T5hAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=RA16-PP3&printsec=frontcover p. 161]<br> <blockquote><small>Auf der Insel Island: ''Skalholt'', '''Scalotum'''; ''Bestede'', ''Bessastadium'', …</small></blockquote> * Johann Jacob Schatz: ''Atlas Homannianus illustratus'', tom. 2. Ysenaci 1742, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Atlas_Homannianus_illustratus_Das_ist_Ge/iU_Qj6CygaAC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PT32&printsec=frontcover p. 274]<br> <blockquote><small>2. ''Scalot'' oder ''Schalot'', '''Scalotum''', … der vornehmste Ort der gantzen Insul.<br>3. ''Ballestad, Ballestadium'', gleich darunter, die Residenz des Dänischen Vice-Re.</small></blockquote> * Christian von Wolff: ''Vollständiges Mathematisches Lexicon,'' tom. 2. Lipsiae 1742, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Vollständiges_Mathematisches_Lexicon/VnsTfhgcYcAC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=RA1-PA444&printsec=frontcover p. 444]<br> <blockquote><small>XXIII. … '''Scalotum''' Island.</small></blockquote> * Carl Günther Ludovici: ''Grosses vollstädniges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste'', tom. 34 (Sao-Schla.), Lipsiae et Halae Saxonum 1742, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Grosses_vollständiges_Universal_Lexicon/kV8hAQAAMAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA515&printsec=frontcover coll. 516, 824]<br> <blockquote><small>''Scalot'', Stadt, siehe ''Schalholt''.<br>''SCALOTUM'', Stadt, siehe ''Schalholt''. …<br>''Schalholt, Scalot, Schalot,'' auch ''Skalhold'', Lat. '''Schalholtum''', '''Scalholtum''', '''Scalotum''', die Hauptstadt der Insul Ißland, liegt an der Südlichen Küste, und hat einen Bischoff, der unter den Ertz-Bischoff zu Drontheim gehöret, wie auch eine Universität.<br>''SCHALHOLTUM'', eine Stadt, siehe ''Schalholt''.</small></blockquote> * ''Geographica globi terraquei synopsis, a multis, praesertim quod Hungariam attinet, erroribus, qui in Celeberrimo alias Geographo Hübnero, aliisque circumferuntur, expurgata.'' Tyrnaviae 1745, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Synopsis_Geographica_globi_terraquei_a_m/XG9YAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA174&printsec=frontcover p. 174]<br> <blockquote><small>… urbes habet '''Scalotum''', & ''Ballestadt'' seu ''Bestede'' Gubernatoris Danici sedem; …</small></blockquote> * ''Kurtzgefaßte Politische Geographie zur Erläuterung eines kleinen, in Rußischer Sprache publicirten Atlantis'', Petropoli 1745, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Kurtzgefaszte_politische_geographie_zur/-4hbAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA162&printsec=frontcover p. 162]<br> <blockquote><small>''Schalot'' oder ''Skalholt'' lat. '''Scalotum''' ist die beste Stadt dieser Insel …<br>Der Dänische Gouverneur residiret nicht hie sondern auf einem Schloß ''Ballenstädt'' lat. ''Ballestadium'' genand.</small></blockquote> * Antoine-Augustin Bruzen de la Martinière: ''Historisch-Politisch-Geographischer Atlas der gantzen Welt'', tom. 10 (SAO. --- SZY.), Lipsiae 1748, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Historisch_Politisch_Geographischer_Atla/d93dcxKQdbwC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA197&printsec=frontcover col. 197]<br> <blockquote><small>''SCHALHOLT, Scalholt, Scalot, Schalot, Skalhold,'' '''Schalholtum''', '''Scalholtum''', '''Scalotum''', '''Scalholta''', die Haupt-Stadt auf der Insul Island, in ihrem Südlichen Theile …</small></blockquote> * ''Memoriae subsidium metricum in duas partes distinctum … a sacerdote ordinis Capuccinorum provinciae Mediolanensis.'' Mediolani 1763, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Memoriae_subsidium_metricum_in_duas_part/eU4K9FGflhgC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA69&printsec=frontcover p. 69]<br> <blockquote><small> :''Norvegia.'' :Baltici ad occasum pars lævior, Oceanoque :Exposita, est Norvegia, habens Jutlandiam ad austrum, :Contra quam, tractu distans mari, objicit arcem, :Tum agrum Agerhusiæ, ubi Ansloa, et Christiania, nec non :Urbs Friderichstadium; at Bergam Caput æquori adaptat :Occiduo, inferius Stavangriam, & altius urbem :Nidrosiam, aut ''Dronthem'', quæ sub circlo Arctico ad ortum :Est Islandiæ, id est Antiquis ultima Tulle, :Ignivomum dat Heclam montem, Hollam, arcemque '''Scalotum'''; :…</small><br> ''N.B. Sacerdos Italus, qui hos versus propter nimias synaloephas elisionesque haud facile recitandos composuit, putavisse videtur Asloam et Christianiam esse duas urbes diversas, cum urbs Asloa (sive Osloa) eo tempore tantummodo 'Christiania' nominaretur. Notitia igitur locorum, quos carmine Heroico commemorat, in dubium vocanda est.''</blockquote> * Johann Georg Hager: ''Ausführliche Geographie'', tom. 3. Chemnitii 1747, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Ausführliche_Geographie/ZExYAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA95&printsec=frontcover p. 95]<br> <blockquote><small>1) BESTEDE, BOLLASTAED, oder BALLENSTAEDT, ein feines Schloß im südlichen Viertheil, worauf der königliche Stadthalter seinen Sitz hat.<br>2) SCHALOT, oder SKALHOLT, Lat. '''Scalotum''', ist die vornehmste Stadt auf der ganzen Insul, allwo ein Bischof ist.</small></blockquote> * Johann Heinrich Drümel: ''Lexicon manuale Latino-Germanicum et Germanico-Latinum'', tom. 2. Ratisbonae et Lipsiae 1775, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Johannis_Henrici_Drumelii_Lexicon_manual/Aqap1D-lJ5YC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA1373&printsec=frontcover p. 1373]<br> <blockquote><small>'''Scalotum''', i, n. ''Schalot'' oder ''Skalthot''&thinsp;^[sic], Stadt auf der Insel Island.</small></blockquote> * Johann Joachim Schwabe: ''Vollständige Einleitung zur Geographischen Wissenschaft, nach der neuen und alten Zeit.'' Regiomontii 1782, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Vollständige_Einleitung_zur_Geographisc/6xipcHHazcwC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA168&printsec=frontcover p. 168]<br> <blockquote><small>''Skaalholt'', '''Scalotum''', die Hauptstadt mit einem Bisthume. …<br>''Bessastader, Bessastadium'', ein Schloß, auf welchem der dänische Amtmann, so wie der Landvogt auf der Insel ''Videy'', seinen Sitz hat.</small></blockquote> * Adam Piotr Kaliszewski: ''Recueil des mots dont on se sert pour exprimer les choses, que l'on voit dans le Monde. Zabranie słow których zażywamy do wyrażenia tych rzeczy, które się na świecie znayduią.'' Varsoviae 1795, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Recueil_des_mots_Zabranie_słow/AbpfAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA351&printsec=frontcover p. 351]<br> <blockquote><small>''Scalholt''. '''Scalotum'''.</small></blockquote> === Schalotum === * ''Parallela Geographiae veteris et novae. Auctore Philippo Brietio Abbavillaeo, Societatis IESV Sacerdote.'' Parisiis 1649, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Parallela_geographiae_veteris_et_nouae_A/qaojwLwh-AMC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=schalotum&pg=PA187&printsec=frontcover p. 187] <blockquote><small>'''Schalotum''' ''Schalhot''&thinsp;^[sic], Episcopalis condita ab Isleffo filio Gysseri, quo vsus etiam erat Rex Olauus; et hic Isleffus primus ordinatus est Insulae Episcopus ab Archiepiscopo Bremensi. ''Besteda'' arx: ''Bestede'', aliter ''Kronningesgard'', vbi Prorex Insulae commoratur.</small></blockquote> * Christoph Cellarius: ''Alte und Neue Geographie.'' Ienae 1709, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Christ_Cellarii_Professoris_Hallens_Alte/JCtTAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=schalotum&pg=RA1-PA244&printsec=frontcover p. 244] * Johann Christoph Bremer: ''Europa Latina, oder Alphabetisches Verzeichniß der vornehmsten Landschaften, Städte, Meere, Seen, Berge und Flüsse in Europa.'' Quedlinburgi 1785, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Europa_Latina_oder_Alphabetisches_Verzei/hjxnAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=schalotum&pg=PA335&printsec=frontcover p. 195, 335] * Johann Georg Theodor Graesse: ''Orbis Latinus oder Verzeichniss der lateinischen Benennungen der bekanntesten Städte etc., Meere, Seen, Berge und Flüsse in allen Theilen der Erde.'' Dresdae 1861, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Orbis_latinus/SJ9u9LIzqwsC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=orbis+graesse+schalotum&pg=PA178&printsec=frontcover p. 178] * Günther Alexander Saalfeld: ''Deutsch-lateinisches Handbüchlein der Eigennamen aus der alten, mittleren und neuen Geographie.'' Lipsiae 1885, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Deutsch_lateinisches_handbüchlein_der_e/gOsIAAAAQAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=schalotum&pg=PA605&printsec=frontcover col. 606] === Schalholtus? === Illam formam nusquam reperire potui. De fonte olim in ipsa re citato "'''Schalholtus'''^[4]: 4. '''Pagina XXCVII''' in Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae."<br>''XXCVII'' - Istum numerum numquam vidi, sed dumtaxat puto eum "270" vel aliquid tale significare velle. Legamus igitur, quid scriptum sit in Finni Iohannaei ''Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae'', tom. 1, Hafniae 1772:<br> <blockquote><small>Templum '''Skalholtense''', qvam antea fuit, augustius exstruxit …, [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/282/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n281/mode/2up p. 270]<br> Reversus in patriam 1057. cathedram episcopalem in prædio suo urbano & avito '''Skalholtia''' in Islandia meridionali sito fundavit. [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/280/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n279/mode/2up p. 269]<br> Tandem Thingvallis, sacris operans, tam violento morbi genere capitur, ut ea perficere nequiret, unde '''Skalholtum''' devectus, 3 Cal. Julii, Anno ætat. 74, officii 24. Christi 1080. placide obdormivit. [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/278/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n277/mode/2up p. 267]<br> Seqventem annum Isleifus in Norvegia transegit, tandemqve Anno 1057. in Islandiam reversus '''Skalholti''' sedem fixit. [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/276/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n275/mode/2up p. 264]</small></blockquote> Non agitur de forma ''*Schalholtus'', quae nulla est, sed de tribus formis initio tractatis. At fieri potest, ut usor, qui hoc nomen ceteris adiecit, genus nominis confuderit. Scriptio autem ''Schal-'' in paginis nuper citatis omnino non invenitur. == Notae == <references /> [[Usor:Petrus Tectander|Petrus Tectander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Petrus Tectander|disputatio]]) 18:14, 2 Augusti 2022 (UTC) oxskxemdnymbvqs05w4cmfzmcaduuvm 0 25948 3695771 3622669 2022-08-02T17:20:04Z Dioskorides 69497 /* Clari cives */ wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Incipit data !--> {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Markt mit Rathaus.jpg|thumb|[[Forum]]]] '''Detmolda''' sive '''Teotmola'''<ref>Etiam sunt nomina alia sicut Depmeldia, Dethmolda, Diethmelium, Dietmullum, Dippoldiswalda, Dethmoldia, Dietmellum, Theotmalli, Theotmelli, Thietmelli, Tulisurgium; {{Graesse}}</ref> est oppidum in [[Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia|Rhenania Septentrionali et Westfalia]]. Circa 100 chiliometra ad meridionalem et occidentalem partem spectat ab urbe [[Hannoveria]] et circa 30 chiliometra ad orientalem partem a [[Bilivelda]]. Oppidum ad circulum [[Lupia|fluminis Lippae]] pertinet. == Historia == Detmolda fuit [[caput (oppidum)|caput]] [[Principatus Lippiae]]. [[Fasciculus:Zigarrendeckelbild.jpg|thumb|left|Tabula quae capsae [[sigarum|sigarorum]] infixa est et apud fratres Klingenberg Detmoldenses anno [[1907]] typis exscripta est.]] == Notae == <references /> == Clari cives == * [[1801]] - [[1836]] - [[Christianus Theodericus Grabbe]], poeta * [[1967]] - [[Wotan Wilke Möhring]], [[histrio]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Detmold|Detmoldam}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Urbes Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae]] [[Categoria:Regio Lippiensis]] fikkxhhca228xkplmhkfdg12tnkcrdk 5 26518 3695792 3691788 2022-08-02T18:54:24Z Giorno2 30162 /* Paginae futurae? */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Compendium|VP:Pam}} ''Vide etiam [[Disputatio Formulae:PaginaMensis/Tabularium1]], [[Disputatio Formulae:PaginaMensis/Tabularium2]], [[Disputatio Formulae:PaginaMensis/Tabularium3]], [[Disputatio Formulae:PaginaMensis/Tabularium4]], [[Disputatio Formulae: PaginaMensis/Tabularium5]].'' == 2020/2021 == * <s>[[Confucius]]?</s> [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:28, 6 Augusti 2020 (UTC) : Ita. [[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 11:36, 8 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :: Assentior! -- [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) * <s>[[Zoroastrismus]]</s>? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:24, 7 Augusti 2020 (UTC) : Ita. [[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 11:36, 8 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :: Pagina optima, scitu digna omnibus afferens. Promoveatur! -- [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) * <s>[[Renatus Andegavensis]]</s>? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:37, 6 Augusti 2020 (UTC) : Ita. [[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 11:36, 8 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :: Id laudem. -- [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) * [[Henricus Ibsen]]? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:36, 7 Augusti 2020 (UTC) : Momentum habet, at adhuc pagina nimis brevis, reor. [[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]]([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 11:36, 8 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :: Quoad brevitatem criticatam: Agitur de commentariis lexicalibus conversis - ei iam "in se" finiti sunt, nonne? -- [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) :::Si quis de fama vel "fortuna" mundiali et post mortem addere velit, valde bene. Iam bona pagina est, mea mente. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 07:59, 23 Augusti 2020 (UTC) * [[Aloysius Tieck]]? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:36, 7 Augusti 2020 (UTC) : Quis edepol A. Tieck est? Tunc in schola meum mentem quieti dare debuerim. Ita - legam. [[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 11:36, 8 Augusti 2020 (UTC) * [[Alaudidae]]? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:47, 8 Augusti 2020 (UTC) : Pagina pulchra est, sed paucorum verborum -- nihil continet nisi imagines. [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 13:37, 24 Augusti 2020 (UTC) * <s>[[Museum Orsay]]?</s> [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:14, 11 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :''Disputationem de nomine huius musei ad [[Disputatio:Museum Orsay]] movi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:29, 12 Augusti 2020 (UTC)'' :: Attente - iam fuit ''pagina quotidiana'' ... -- [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) * <s>[[Bibliotheca historica (Diodorus)]]</s>? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:23, 13 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :Bona pagina, promovenda est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:04, 22 Augusti 2020 (UTC) * <s>[[Columbia]]</s>? [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 16:24, 13 Augusti 2020 (UTC) : Optime. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:01, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) * <s>[[Morbus Parkinson]]?</s> [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 16:24, 13 Augusti 2020 (UTC) : Optime. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:01, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) * <s>[[Cercopithecidae]]</s>? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:00, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) * <s>''[[Graeciae descriptio]]''?</s> [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 17:14, 22 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :: Certe. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 07:59, 23 Augusti 2020 (UTC) * <s>[[Sinan Architectus]]</s>? -- [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) :: Certe iterum. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 07:59, 23 Augusti 2020 (UTC) * <s>[[Franciscus Petrus Schubert]]</s> fortasse? [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 13:37, 24 Augusti 2020 (UTC) * <s>[[Phillis Wheatley]]?</s> [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) ::Euge -- valde approbo. [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 14:10, 31 Octobris 2020 (UTC) * [[Cervesia]]? Perplacet tam potus quam Vicipaediae commentarius. [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) : Bene est. Abhinc aliquot annos pagina [[Pong cervesiale]] fuit pagina mensis; quid ni potio ipsa? [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 18:24, 2 Iunii 2021 (UTC) ::Non iam promovi quia (mea mente) textus de cervesia ''hodierna'' usque adhuc caret. Addam fortasse ego nisi alius quis ante me scribat. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:53, 2 Octobris 2021 (UTC) * <s>[[Franciscus Renatus Castribrientii]]</s>? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:30, 2 Iunii 2021 (UTC) : Cela me plaît aussi. [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 18:24, 2 Iunii 2021 (UTC) * <s>[[David Humius]]?</s> [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:41, 21 Septembris 2021 (UTC) :Sic, magnus labor est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:53, 2 Octobris 2021 (UTC) :::Consentio atque assentior. Promovendum quam citissime, nihil obstet! - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 05:47, 6 Octobris 2021 (UTC) :Optime. [[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Frontfrog|disputatio]]) 14:50, 31 Octobris 2021 (UTC) == 2021/2022? == Quid? Titulos paginarum proponite! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Octobris 2021 (UTC) * [[Cremifanum (abbatia)]]? - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 19:05, 5 Octobris 2021 (UTC) * <s>[[Socolata]]</s>? - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 19:08, 5 Octobris 2021 (UTC) :: Ambae optimae et idoneae sunt. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:34, 5 Octobris 2021 (UTC) * <s>[[Saturnus (planeta)]]</s>/ <s>[[Neptunus (planeta)]]</s>? - [[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Frontfrog|disputatio]]) 19:01, 21 Octobris 2021 (UTC) :: Ambas accipiendas censeo. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:56, 22 Octobris 2021 (UTC) * <s>[[Renatus Cartesius]]</s>? - [[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Frontfrog|disputatio]]) 19:06, 21 Octobris 2021 (UTC) :: Pagina valde bona. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:56, 22 Octobris 2021 (UTC) ::: Optime. - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 18:53, 25 Octobris 2021 (UTC) * <s>[[Azteci]]</s>? - [[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Frontfrog|disputatio]]) 08:36, 23 Octobris 2021 (UTC) ::Pagina perutilis. Bibliographiam, certe copiosissimam, mea mente retractare debemus: res Anglicae valde dominant; nescio cur res Theodiscae separatim enumerantur; res Hispanicae etc. absunt; fontes primarii partim inter alias res videntur, partim ad finem mittuntur. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:51, 23 Octobris 2021 (UTC) :::Assentior quoad promotionem in paginam menstruam. Generatim de fontibus: in Vicipaediis internationalibus fontes quacumque lingua scripti aeque enumerentur atque tractentur. - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 18:53, 25 Octobris 2021 (UTC) *[[Vinum]] proponam? Valde bonum esse arbitror.--[[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 13:45, 25 Octobris 2021 (UTC) ::Non solum vina bona offendi in vita mea, etiam vappas bibi. Inde sententiam tuam de bonitate vini non semper validam esse puto. Quoad paginam praetitulatam "Vinum" consentio tecum. - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) :::Recte monuisti, Giorno 2. Eam sententiam scripsi ego. Corrigere temptavi, sed, si vis, et tibi rescribere licet! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:15, 29 Octobris 2021 (UTC) ::Paginam laudo, vinum malum in vita mea potatum deploravi! - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 18:45, 29 Octobris 2021 (UTC) : Pagina de [[vinum|vino]] iam pagina mensis fuit, abhinc fere 4 annos: bona est, sed alias paginas nunc quaeramus, mea sententia. [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 15:46, 1 Novembris 2021 (UTC) *[[Codex]] fortasse? Nisi paginam longius scriptam esse oportet, fortasse itur (nisi fallor). Bene factum esse censeo. Contra symbolum aurantium microscopicum "Latinitas nondum censa" habet. - [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 16:12, 26 Octobris 2021 (UTC) ::Pagina valde brevis. [[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Frontfrog|disputatio]]) 19:37, 28 Octobris 2021 (UTC) :::Recte dicis. Necesse est augere. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:05, 29 Octobris 2021 (UTC) *<s>[[Europa]]</s>? [[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Frontfrog|disputatio]]) 23:10, 28 Octobris 2021 (UTC) ::Certe. Nescio cur non iam promovimus! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:04, 29 Octobris 2021 (UTC) * <s>[[Francia]]</s>? [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 14:46, 29 Octobris 2021 (UTC) ::Escargot numquam probavi... Contra paginam optimam esse mihi videtur, tam bonam ut dicam ''sacre bleu'' ('sacer caeruleus'). - [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 22:30, 29 Octobris 2021 (UTC) * [[Historiae (Herodotus)]]? [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 14:46, 29 Octobris 2021 (UTC) :Sine ullo dubio promovenda est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:30, 31 Octobris 2021 (UTC) * [[Philologia]]? [[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Frontfrog|disputatio]]) 15:54, 29 Octobris 2021 (UTC) Hoc tempore ordinem propono: * December 2021 : [[David Humius]] * Ianuarius 2022 : [[Renatus Cartesius]] * Februarius 2022 : [[Socolata]] * Martius 2022 : [[Europa]] * Aprilis 2022 : [[Francia]] * Maius 2022 : [[Azteci]] * Iunius 2022 : <s>[[Cremifanum (abbatia)]]</s> [[Guatimalia]] * Iulius 2022 : [[Neptunus (planeta)]] * Augustus 2022 : [[Historiae (Herodotus)]] * September 2022 : [[Philologia]] * October 2022 : [[Cremifanum (abbatia)]] * November 2022 : [[Sexus]] *December 2022 : [[Maria Antonius Carême]] OK? [[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Frontfrog|disputatio]]) 18:52, 31 Octobris 2021 (UTC) :Consentio -- mihi placent paginae. [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 15:46, 1 Novembris 2021 (UTC) ::Ordo mihi placet ... et gratias tibi ago quia paginam mensis Decembris iam exposuisti! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:10, 15 Decembris 2021 (UTC) == Paginae futurae? == *[[Sexus]] fortasse? [[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Frontfrog|disputatio]]) 13:23, 1 Novembris 2021 (UTC) :Bene. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:10, 15 Decembris 2021 (UTC) *[[Maria Antonius Carême]]? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:10, 15 Decembris 2021 (UTC) :Quantum satis. Optime! [[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Frontfrog|disputatio]]) 22:25, 20 Decembris 2021 (UTC) *[[Venus (planeta)]]? [[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Frontfrog|disputatio]]) 20:05, 26 Decembris 2021 (UTC) *[[Guatimalia]]. I think this article is well written. [[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Frontfrog|disputatio]]) 11:50, 9 Martii 2022 (UTC) :Recte dicis, {{Ping|Frontfrog}}. "Venerem" et "Guatimaliam" approbo. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:18, 26 Martii 2022 (UTC) *[[Russia]]?! [[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Frontfrog|disputatio]]) 16:07, 1 Maii 2022 (UTC) :His diebus perutilis. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:05, 5 Maii 2022 (UTC) :: Non assentior. Vetem, quoniam Foed.Ru. terrori favet. - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 18:54, 2 Augusti 2022 (UTC) *[[Augustus (imperator)]]? [[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Frontfrog|disputatio]]) 20:57, 10 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :Bene: numquam pagina mensis fuit! [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 12:46, 11 Iulii 2022 (UTC) 7g1dfwx1gokzvz9jyqxc7menxc4omaa 0 31934 3695818 3556317 2022-08-02T20:16:42Z CleverBrownie 88811 Realia correxi wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:The Mutilation of Uranus by Saturn.jpg|thumb|350px|''Amputatio [[Uranus (deus)|Urani]] a Crono.'' Opus [[Georgius Vasari|Georgii Vasari]] et [[Gerardus Christofano|Gerardo Christofano]], [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]].]] '''Cronus''' ([[Graece]] Κρόνος) in [[mythologia Graeca]] est dux [[Titan]]um, posterorum [[Gaea|Gaiae]] et [[Uranus (deus)|Urani]]. Filii quos e [[Rhea]] genuit fuerunt praecipue [[Demeter]], [[Hades (mythologia)|Hades]], [[Hera]], [[Hestia]], [[Poseidon]], et [[Zeus]]. Cronus in [[mythologia Romana]] [[Deus|deo]] [[Saturnus (deus)|Saturno]] respondit. {{NexInt}} * [[Aion]] * [[Aetas Aurea]] * [[Caerus]] ==Nexus externus== {{CommuniaCat|Kronos|Cronon}} {{reli-stipula}} [[Categoria:Anthropophagia]] [[Categoria:Dei Graeci]] [[Categoria:Mythologia Graeca]] [[Categoria:Titanes]] aesj97thxolbck7y7oje7ots65gec8a 0 34791 3695799 3387508 2022-08-02T19:35:26Z LilyKitty 18316 de Christina Lagarde wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:EZB-Neubaustelle-Frankfurt-2013-Ffm-286-288.jpg|thumbnail|Sedes nova argentariae Francofurtensis]] {{Videdis|Argentaria (discretiva)}} '''Argentaria primaria Europaea'''<ref>[http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/nuntius.php?id=760 ''Ephemeris'' 10 Dec. 2011].</ref> sive '''mensa argentaria centralis Europaea'''<ref>[http://www.circulus.fr/didactica/lexica/europa.php Lexicon Circulus Latinus Lutetiensis: Thematicum Hodiernum Francogallice / Latine DE EUROPA - generaliter]</ref> est [[argentaria centralis|summa]] [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]] [[argentaria]]. Una cum primariis nationum Unionis Europaeae argentariis, [[systema]] format argentariarum centralium Europaearum. Condita est anno [[1998]] [[Foedus Amstelodamis ictum]]. ==Praesides== Praesides adhuc fuerunt: {| class="wikitable" ! Praeses ! Principatus |- ! [[Gulielmus Duisenberg]] | 1998–2003 |- ! [[Ioannes Claudius Trichet]] | 2003–2011 |- ! [[Marius Draghi]] | 2011–2019 |- ! [[Christina Lagarde]] | 2019- |} Sedem habet in “Euroturri” [[Francofurtum ad Moenum|Francofurti ad Moenum]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Euro]] * [[Systema aerarium foederale]] ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Nexus externi== *[http://ecb.europa.eu/ Pagina officialis] {{Topica Unionis Europaeae}} [[Categoria:Oeconomia Unionis Europaeae]] [[Categoria:Oeconomia]] [[Categoria:Instituta Unionis Europaeae]] kbi80lk9te7fnf172m61a7946mealsr 0 47738 3695851 3695752 2022-08-03T10:30:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Personae */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Hercules (discretiva)}} [[Fasciculus:Ugo_Pagliai_Anfitrione_Eracle_2007.jpg|thumb|200 px|[[Histrio]] [[Italia]]nus [[Hugo Pagliai]] ut [[Amphitruo]] in Hercule [[Syracusae|Syracusis]] anno [[2007]] agit]] '''''Hercules''''' ([[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ἡρακλῆς}}) est [[tragoedia]] [[Euripides|Euripidea]] circa annum [[416 a.C.n.]] docta qua poeta fabulam Herculis furore excaecati et propriam uxorem cum liberis interficientis in scaenam proferebat. Quam tragoediam Latine imitatus est Seneca in ''[[Hercules furens|Hercule furente]]''. == Personae == * [[Amphitryon|Amphitruo]], Herculis pater mortalis *[[Megara (mythologia)|Megara]], Herculis uxor * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] senum * Lycos [[Tyrannis|tyrannus]] *[[Hercules]] *[[Iris (mythologia)|Iris]], deorum nuntia *Lyssa, "Rabies"<ref>Jacqueline Duchemin, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1967_num_80_379_3928 Le personnage de Lyssa dans Héraclès d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 1967ː 130-139</ref> *Nuntius *[[Theseus]], Atheniensium rex Res [[Thebae (Boeotia)|Thebis]] in [[Boeotia]] geruntur. Spectatores aram pro Amphitruonis domo vident ad quam Herculis familia confugit. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Amphitruo spectatoribus narrat cur ipse et Megara, [[Creon Thebanus|Creontis]] regis defuncti filia, ad aram confugerintː tyrannus ex Euboea Lycos Creontem interfecit et regno potitus est. Nunc omnem stirpem regiam delere cupit, quia sibi persuasum habet Herculem ex Inferis quo [[Cerberus|Cerberi]] in lucem trahendi causa descendit numquam rediturum esse. Megara solationem et auxilium apud socerum quaerit qui spem abiciendam negat<ref>Versus 105-6ː ''οὗτος δ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἄριστος ὅστις ἐλπίσι / πέποιθεν αἰεί: τὸ δ᾽ ἀπορεῖν ἀνδρὸς κακοῦ'' = vir optimus numquam desperat; ignavi viri est abdicare.</ref>. *'''Parodosː'''ː chorus senum Thebanorum intrat infirmitatem et senium deplorans, Herculis liberis iam auxilio esse non possunt quorum eos miseret. ==Notae== <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Jacqueline Assaël, "[https://journals.openedition.org/rursus/563 La violence dans l'Héraclès furieux d’Euripide. Lecture girardienne]", ''Rursus'', 2011. *F. Jouan, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1970_num_72_3_3872 Le « Prométhée» d'Eschyle et l'« Héraclès » d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 1970ː 317-331 == Nexus externi == *[http://hodoi.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/euripide_hercule_furieux/lecture/1.htm Textus Graecus et versio Francogallica apud Itinera electronica] *[https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Euripides/Heracles/heracles.html Herakles apud Greekmythology.com] {{lit-stipula}} [[Categoria:Tragoediae]] [[Categoria:Litterae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Euripides]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 5 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Hercules]] dd7kt4idx8z1tvlb7cppvve3ryas7x1 3695852 3695851 2022-08-03T10:43:47Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Summarium */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Hercules (discretiva)}} [[Fasciculus:Ugo_Pagliai_Anfitrione_Eracle_2007.jpg|thumb|200 px|[[Histrio]] [[Italia]]nus [[Hugo Pagliai]] ut [[Amphitruo]] in Hercule [[Syracusae|Syracusis]] anno [[2007]] agit]] '''''Hercules''''' ([[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ἡρακλῆς}}) est [[tragoedia]] [[Euripides|Euripidea]] circa annum [[416 a.C.n.]] docta qua poeta fabulam Herculis furore excaecati et propriam uxorem cum liberis interficientis in scaenam proferebat. Quam tragoediam Latine imitatus est Seneca in ''[[Hercules furens|Hercule furente]]''. == Personae == * [[Amphitryon|Amphitruo]], Herculis pater mortalis *[[Megara (mythologia)|Megara]], Herculis uxor * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] senum * Lycos [[Tyrannis|tyrannus]] *[[Hercules]] *[[Iris (mythologia)|Iris]], deorum nuntia *Lyssa, "Rabies"<ref>Jacqueline Duchemin, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1967_num_80_379_3928 Le personnage de Lyssa dans Héraclès d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 1967ː 130-139</ref> *Nuntius *[[Theseus]], Atheniensium rex Res [[Thebae (Boeotia)|Thebis]] in [[Boeotia]] geruntur. Spectatores aram pro Amphitruonis domo vident ad quam Herculis familia confugit. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Amphitruo spectatoribus narrat cur ipse et Megara, [[Creon Thebanus|Creontis]] regis defuncti filia, ad aram confugerintː tyrannus ex Euboea Lycos Creontem interfecit et regno potitus est. Nunc omnem stirpem regiam delere cupit, quia sibi persuasum habet Herculem ex Inferis quo [[Cerberus|Cerberi]] in lucem trahendi causa descendit numquam rediturum esse. Megara solationem et auxilium apud socerum quaerit qui spem abiciendam negat<ref>Versus 105-6ː ''οὗτος δ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἄριστος ὅστις ἐλπίσι / πέποιθεν αἰεί: τὸ δ᾽ ἀπορεῖν ἀνδρὸς κακοῦ'' = vir optimus numquam desperat; ignavi viri est abdicare.</ref>. *'''Parodosː''' chorus senum Thebanorum intrat infirmitatem et senium deplorans, Herculis liberis iam auxilio esse non possunt quorum eos miseret. *'''Primum episodiumː''' advenit Lycus qui ab eis quaerit an mortem vitaturos esse adhuc sperentː nam Herculem nunc in Inferis iacere adfirmabat et vivum timidum bellatorem fuisse ut qui eminus sagittis potius quam gladio pugnaret. Amphitruo filii honorem vindicat sagittarios victoriae saepe victoriae utiliores fuisse quam qui comminus pugnabant demonstransː praeterea hoplitae fortuna e virtute circumiacentium militum pendet qui agmen efficiunt. ==Notae== <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Jacqueline Assaël, "[https://journals.openedition.org/rursus/563 La violence dans l'Héraclès furieux d’Euripide. Lecture girardienne]", ''Rursus'', 2011. *F. Jouan, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1970_num_72_3_3872 Le « Prométhée» d'Eschyle et l'« Héraclès » d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 1970ː 317-331 == Nexus externi == *[http://hodoi.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/euripide_hercule_furieux/lecture/1.htm Textus Graecus et versio Francogallica apud Itinera electronica] *[https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Euripides/Heracles/heracles.html Herakles apud Greekmythology.com] {{lit-stipula}} [[Categoria:Tragoediae]] [[Categoria:Litterae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Euripides]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 5 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Hercules]] k887xdejfnfrd5701wthln82iwsmb3e 3695853 3695852 2022-08-03T10:44:18Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Summarium */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Hercules (discretiva)}} [[Fasciculus:Ugo_Pagliai_Anfitrione_Eracle_2007.jpg|thumb|200 px|[[Histrio]] [[Italia]]nus [[Hugo Pagliai]] ut [[Amphitruo]] in Hercule [[Syracusae|Syracusis]] anno [[2007]] agit]] '''''Hercules''''' ([[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ἡρακλῆς}}) est [[tragoedia]] [[Euripides|Euripidea]] circa annum [[416 a.C.n.]] docta qua poeta fabulam Herculis furore excaecati et propriam uxorem cum liberis interficientis in scaenam proferebat. Quam tragoediam Latine imitatus est Seneca in ''[[Hercules furens|Hercule furente]]''. == Personae == * [[Amphitryon|Amphitruo]], Herculis pater mortalis *[[Megara (mythologia)|Megara]], Herculis uxor * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] senum * Lycos [[Tyrannis|tyrannus]] *[[Hercules]] *[[Iris (mythologia)|Iris]], deorum nuntia *Lyssa, "Rabies"<ref>Jacqueline Duchemin, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1967_num_80_379_3928 Le personnage de Lyssa dans Héraclès d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 1967ː 130-139</ref> *Nuntius *[[Theseus]], Atheniensium rex Res [[Thebae (Boeotia)|Thebis]] in [[Boeotia]] geruntur. Spectatores aram pro Amphitruonis domo vident ad quam Herculis familia confugit. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Amphitruo spectatoribus narrat cur ipse et Megara, [[Creon Thebanus|Creontis]] regis defuncti filia, ad aram confugerintː tyrannus ex Euboea Lycos Creontem interfecit et regno potitus est. Nunc omnem stirpem regiam delere cupit, quia sibi persuasum habet Herculem ex Inferis quo [[Cerberus|Cerberi]] in lucem trahendi causa descendit numquam rediturum esse. Megara solationem et auxilium apud socerum quaerit qui spem abiciendam negat<ref>Versus 105-6ː ''οὗτος δ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἄριστος ὅστις ἐλπίσι / πέποιθεν αἰεί: τὸ δ᾽ ἀπορεῖν ἀνδρὸς κακοῦ'' = vir optimus numquam desperat; ignavi viri est abdicare.</ref>. *'''Parodosː''' chorus senum Thebanorum intrat infirmitatem et senium deplorans, Herculis liberis iam auxilio esse non possunt quorum eos miseret. *'''Primum episodiumː''' advenit Lycus qui ab eis quaerit an mortem vitaturos esse adhuc sperentː nam Herculem nunc in Inferis iacere adfirmabat et vivum timidum bellatorem fuisse ut qui eminus sagittis potius quam gladio pugnaret. Amphitruo filii honorem vindicat sagittarios victoriae saepe utiliores fuisse quam qui comminus pugnabant demonstransː praeterea hoplitae fortuna e virtute circumiacentium militum pendet qui agmen efficiunt. ==Notae== <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Jacqueline Assaël, "[https://journals.openedition.org/rursus/563 La violence dans l'Héraclès furieux d’Euripide. Lecture girardienne]", ''Rursus'', 2011. *F. Jouan, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1970_num_72_3_3872 Le « Prométhée» d'Eschyle et l'« Héraclès » d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 1970ː 317-331 == Nexus externi == *[http://hodoi.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/euripide_hercule_furieux/lecture/1.htm Textus Graecus et versio Francogallica apud Itinera electronica] *[https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Euripides/Heracles/heracles.html Herakles apud Greekmythology.com] {{lit-stipula}} [[Categoria:Tragoediae]] [[Categoria:Litterae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Euripides]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 5 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Hercules]] lb530ym17fx7vfgp0zh0nh71sauwb3w 3695854 3695853 2022-08-03T10:50:50Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Summarium */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Hercules (discretiva)}} [[Fasciculus:Ugo_Pagliai_Anfitrione_Eracle_2007.jpg|thumb|200 px|[[Histrio]] [[Italia]]nus [[Hugo Pagliai]] ut [[Amphitruo]] in Hercule [[Syracusae|Syracusis]] anno [[2007]] agit]] '''''Hercules''''' ([[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ἡρακλῆς}}) est [[tragoedia]] [[Euripides|Euripidea]] circa annum [[416 a.C.n.]] docta qua poeta fabulam Herculis furore excaecati et propriam uxorem cum liberis interficientis in scaenam proferebat. Quam tragoediam Latine imitatus est Seneca in ''[[Hercules furens|Hercule furente]]''. == Personae == * [[Amphitryon|Amphitruo]], Herculis pater mortalis *[[Megara (mythologia)|Megara]], Herculis uxor * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] senum * Lycos [[Tyrannis|tyrannus]] *[[Hercules]] *[[Iris (mythologia)|Iris]], deorum nuntia *Lyssa, "Rabies"<ref>Jacqueline Duchemin, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1967_num_80_379_3928 Le personnage de Lyssa dans Héraclès d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 1967ː 130-139</ref> *Nuntius *[[Theseus]], Atheniensium rex Res [[Thebae (Boeotia)|Thebis]] in [[Boeotia]] geruntur. Spectatores aram pro Amphitruonis domo vident ad quam Herculis familia confugit. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Amphitruo spectatoribus narrat cur ipse et Megara, [[Creon Thebanus|Creontis]] regis defuncti filia, ad aram confugerintː tyrannus ex Euboea Lycos Creontem interfecit et regno potitus est. Nunc omnem stirpem regiam delere cupit, quia sibi persuasum habet Herculem ex Inferis quo [[Cerberus|Cerberi]] in lucem trahendi causa descendit numquam rediturum esse. Megara solationem et auxilium apud socerum quaerit qui spem abiciendam negat<ref>Versus 105-6ː ''οὗτος δ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἄριστος ὅστις ἐλπίσι / πέποιθεν αἰεί: τὸ δ᾽ ἀπορεῖν ἀνδρὸς κακοῦ'' = vir optimus numquam desperat; ignavi viri est abdicare.</ref>. *'''Parodosː''' chorus senum Thebanorum intrat infirmitatem et senium deplorans, Herculis liberis iam auxilio esse non possunt quorum eos miseret. *'''Primum episodiumː''' advenit Lycus qui ab eis quaerit an mortem vitaturos esse adhuc sperentː nam Herculem nunc in Inferis iacere adfirmabat et vivum timidum bellatorem fuisse ut qui eminus sagittis potius quam gladio pugnaret. Amphitruo filii honorem vindicat sagittarios victoriae saepe utiliores fuisse quam qui comminus pugnabant demonstransː praeterea hoplitae fortuna e virtute circumiacentium militum pendet qui agmen efficiunt. Lycus non respondet sed comitibus imperat ut materiam congerant ad supplices circa aram concremandos. Tum Megara mortem non iam fugere decernit atque tantummodo petit ut sibi liberos in domo funebri apparatu vestire sibi interim liceat. Quod concessit Lycus et omnes scaenam relinquunt. *'''Primum stasimonː''' chorus [[Labores Herculis|Herculis labores]] celebrat ==Notae== <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Jacqueline Assaël, "[https://journals.openedition.org/rursus/563 La violence dans l'Héraclès furieux d’Euripide. Lecture girardienne]", ''Rursus'', 2011. *F. Jouan, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1970_num_72_3_3872 Le « Prométhée» d'Eschyle et l'« Héraclès » d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 1970ː 317-331 == Nexus externi == *[http://hodoi.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/euripide_hercule_furieux/lecture/1.htm Textus Graecus et versio Francogallica apud Itinera electronica] *[https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Euripides/Heracles/heracles.html Herakles apud Greekmythology.com] {{lit-stipula}} [[Categoria:Tragoediae]] [[Categoria:Litterae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Euripides]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 5 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Hercules]] cul3cjeh8kmqgb6lm4arl7ndqorhuj1 3695855 3695854 2022-08-03T10:52:49Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Summarium */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Hercules (discretiva)}} [[Fasciculus:Ugo_Pagliai_Anfitrione_Eracle_2007.jpg|thumb|200 px|[[Histrio]] [[Italia]]nus [[Hugo Pagliai]] ut [[Amphitruo]] in Hercule [[Syracusae|Syracusis]] anno [[2007]] agit]] '''''Hercules''''' ([[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ἡρακλῆς}}) est [[tragoedia]] [[Euripides|Euripidea]] circa annum [[416 a.C.n.]] docta qua poeta fabulam Herculis furore excaecati et propriam uxorem cum liberis interficientis in scaenam proferebat. Quam tragoediam Latine imitatus est Seneca in ''[[Hercules furens|Hercule furente]]''. == Personae == * [[Amphitryon|Amphitruo]], Herculis pater mortalis *[[Megara (mythologia)|Megara]], Herculis uxor * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] senum * Lycos [[Tyrannis|tyrannus]] *[[Hercules]] *[[Iris (mythologia)|Iris]], deorum nuntia *Lyssa, "Rabies"<ref>Jacqueline Duchemin, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1967_num_80_379_3928 Le personnage de Lyssa dans Héraclès d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 1967ː 130-139</ref> *Nuntius *[[Theseus]], Atheniensium rex Res [[Thebae (Boeotia)|Thebis]] in [[Boeotia]] geruntur. Spectatores aram pro Amphitruonis domo vident ad quam Herculis familia confugit. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Amphitruo spectatoribus narrat cur ipse et Megara, [[Creon Thebanus|Creontis]] regis defuncti filia, ad aram confugerintː tyrannus ex Euboea Lycos Creontem interfecit et regno potitus est. Nunc omnem stirpem regiam delere cupit, quia sibi persuasum habet Herculem ex Inferis quo [[Cerberus|Cerberi]] in lucem trahendi causa descendit numquam rediturum esse. Megara solationem et auxilium apud socerum quaerit qui spem abiciendam negat<ref>Versus 105-6ː ''οὗτος δ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἄριστος ὅστις ἐλπίσι / πέποιθεν αἰεί: τὸ δ᾽ ἀπορεῖν ἀνδρὸς κακοῦ'' = vir optimus numquam desperat; ignavi viri est abdicare.</ref>. *'''Parodosː''' chorus senum Thebanorum intrat infirmitatem et senium deplorans, Herculis liberis iam auxilio esse non possunt quorum eos miseret. *'''Primum episodiumː''' advenit Lycus qui ab eis quaerit an mortem vitaturos esse adhuc sperentː nam Herculem nunc in Inferis iacere adfirmabat et vivum timidum bellatorem fuisse ut qui eminus sagittis potius quam gladio pugnaret. Amphitruo filii honorem vindicat sagittarios victoriae saepe utiliores fuisse quam qui comminus pugnabant demonstransː praeterea hoplitae fortuna e virtute circumiacentium militum pendet qui agmen efficiunt. Lycus non respondet sed comitibus imperat ut materiam congerant ad supplices circa aram concremandos. Tum Megara mortem non iam fugere decernit atque tantummodo petit ut sibi liberos in domo funebri apparatu vestire sibi interim liceat. Quod concessit Lycus et omnes scaenam relinquunt. *'''Primum stasimonː''' chorus [[Labores Herculis|Herculis labores]] celebrat et senii imbellicitatem deplorat.. ==Notae== <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Jacqueline Assaël, "[https://journals.openedition.org/rursus/563 La violence dans l'Héraclès furieux d’Euripide. Lecture girardienne]", ''Rursus'', 2011. *F. Jouan, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1970_num_72_3_3872 Le « Prométhée» d'Eschyle et l'« Héraclès » d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 1970ː 317-331 == Nexus externi == *[http://hodoi.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/euripide_hercule_furieux/lecture/1.htm Textus Graecus et versio Francogallica apud Itinera electronica] *[https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Euripides/Heracles/heracles.html Herakles apud Greekmythology.com] {{lit-stipula}} [[Categoria:Tragoediae]] [[Categoria:Litterae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Euripides]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 5 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Hercules]] ilkfroszii0pa5a02j5y1rivs9cq8mz 3695856 3695855 2022-08-03T10:53:05Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Hercules (discretiva)}} [[Fasciculus:Ugo_Pagliai_Anfitrione_Eracle_2007.jpg|thumb|200 px|[[Histrio]] [[Italia]]nus [[Hugo Pagliai]] ut [[Amphitruo]] in Hercule [[Syracusae|Syracusis]] anno [[2007]] agit]] '''''Hercules''''' ([[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ἡρακλῆς}}) est [[tragoedia]] [[Euripides|Euripidea]] circa annum [[416 a.C.n.]] docta qua poeta fabulam Herculis furore excaecati et propriam uxorem cum liberis interficientis in scaenam proferebat. Quam tragoediam Latine imitatus est Seneca in ''[[Hercules furens|Hercule furente]]''. == Personae == * [[Amphitryon|Amphitruo]], Herculis pater mortalis *[[Megara (mythologia)|Megara]], Herculis uxor * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] senum * Lycos [[Tyrannis|tyrannus]] *[[Hercules]] *[[Iris (mythologia)|Iris]], deorum nuntia *Lyssa, "Rabies"<ref>Jacqueline Duchemin, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1967_num_80_379_3928 Le personnage de Lyssa dans Héraclès d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 1967ː 130-139</ref> *Nuntius *[[Theseus]], Atheniensium rex Res [[Thebae (Boeotia)|Thebis]] in [[Boeotia]] geruntur. Spectatores aram pro Amphitruonis domo vident ad quam Herculis familia confugit. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Amphitruo spectatoribus narrat cur ipse et Megara, [[Creon Thebanus|Creontis]] regis defuncti filia, ad aram confugerintː tyrannus ex Euboea Lycos Creontem interfecit et regno potitus est. Nunc omnem stirpem regiam delere cupit, quia sibi persuasum habet Herculem ex Inferis quo [[Cerberus|Cerberi]] in lucem trahendi causa descendit numquam rediturum esse. Megara solationem et auxilium apud socerum quaerit qui spem abiciendam negat<ref>Versus 105-6ː ''οὗτος δ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἄριστος ὅστις ἐλπίσι / πέποιθεν αἰεί: τὸ δ᾽ ἀπορεῖν ἀνδρὸς κακοῦ'' = vir optimus numquam desperat; ignavi viri est abdicare.</ref>. *'''Parodosː''' chorus senum Thebanorum intrat infirmitatem et senium deplorans, Herculis liberis iam auxilio esse non possunt quorum eos miseret. *'''Primum episodiumː''' advenit Lycus qui ab eis quaerit an mortem vitaturos esse adhuc sperentː nam Herculem nunc in Inferis iacere adfirmabat et vivum timidum bellatorem fuisse ut qui eminus sagittis potius quam gladio pugnaret. Amphitruo filii honorem vindicat sagittarios victoriae saepe utiliores fuisse quam qui comminus pugnabant demonstransː praeterea hoplitae fortuna e virtute circumiacentium militum pendet qui agmen efficiunt. Lycus non respondet sed comitibus imperat ut materiam congerant ad supplices circa aram concremandos. Tum Megara mortem non iam fugere decernit atque tantummodo petit ut sibi liberos in domo funebri apparatu vestire sibi interim liceat. Quod concessit Lycus et omnes scaenam relinquunt. *'''Primum stasimonː''' chorus [[Labores Herculis|Herculis labores]] celebrat et senii imbellicitatem deplorat.. ==Notae== <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Jacqueline Assaël, "[https://journals.openedition.org/rursus/563 La violence dans l'Héraclès furieux d’Euripide. Lecture girardienne]", ''Rursus'', 2011. *F. Jouan, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1970_num_72_3_3872 Le « Prométhée» d'Eschyle et l'« Héraclès » d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 1970ː 317-331 == Nexus externi == *[http://hodoi.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/euripide_hercule_furieux/lecture/1.htm Textus Graecus et versio Francogallica apud Itinera electronica] *[https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Euripides/Heracles/heracles.html Herakles apud Greekmythology.com] [[Categoria:Tragoediae]] [[Categoria:Litterae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Euripides]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 5 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Hercules]] 99s4a6hywb1acniviqqdlsaghtt1oy7 3695858 3695856 2022-08-03T11:04:25Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Summarium */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Hercules (discretiva)}} [[Fasciculus:Ugo_Pagliai_Anfitrione_Eracle_2007.jpg|thumb|200 px|[[Histrio]] [[Italia]]nus [[Hugo Pagliai]] ut [[Amphitruo]] in Hercule [[Syracusae|Syracusis]] anno [[2007]] agit]] '''''Hercules''''' ([[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ἡρακλῆς}}) est [[tragoedia]] [[Euripides|Euripidea]] circa annum [[416 a.C.n.]] docta qua poeta fabulam Herculis furore excaecati et propriam uxorem cum liberis interficientis in scaenam proferebat. Quam tragoediam Latine imitatus est Seneca in ''[[Hercules furens|Hercule furente]]''. == Personae == * [[Amphitryon|Amphitruo]], Herculis pater mortalis *[[Megara (mythologia)|Megara]], Herculis uxor * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] senum * Lycos [[Tyrannis|tyrannus]] *[[Hercules]] *[[Iris (mythologia)|Iris]], deorum nuntia *Lyssa, "Rabies"<ref>Jacqueline Duchemin, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1967_num_80_379_3928 Le personnage de Lyssa dans Héraclès d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 1967ː 130-139</ref> *Nuntius *[[Theseus]], Atheniensium rex Res [[Thebae (Boeotia)|Thebis]] in [[Boeotia]] geruntur. Spectatores aram pro Amphitruonis domo vident ad quam Herculis familia confugit. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Amphitruo spectatoribus narrat cur ipse et Megara, [[Creon Thebanus|Creontis]] regis defuncti filia, ad aram confugerintː tyrannus ex Euboea Lycos Creontem interfecit et regno potitus est. Nunc omnem stirpem regiam delere cupit, quia sibi persuasum habet Herculem ex Inferis quo [[Cerberus|Cerberi]] in lucem trahendi causa descendit numquam rediturum esse. Megara solationem et auxilium apud socerum quaerit qui spem abiciendam negat<ref>Versus 105-6ː ''οὗτος δ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἄριστος ὅστις ἐλπίσι / πέποιθεν αἰεί: τὸ δ᾽ ἀπορεῖν ἀνδρὸς κακοῦ'' = vir optimus numquam desperat; ignavi viri est abdicare.</ref>. *'''Parodosː''' chorus senum Thebanorum intrat infirmitatem et senium deplorans, Herculis liberis iam auxilio esse non possunt quorum eos miseret. *'''Primum episodiumː''' advenit Lycus qui ab eis quaerit an mortem vitaturos esse adhuc sperentː nam Herculem nunc in Inferis iacere adfirmabat et vivum timidum bellatorem fuisse ut qui eminus sagittis potius quam gladio pugnaret. Amphitruo filii honorem vindicat sagittarios victoriae saepe utiliores fuisse quam qui comminus pugnabant demonstransː praeterea hoplitae fortuna e virtute circumiacentium militum pendet qui agmen efficiunt. Lycus non respondet sed comitibus imperat ut materiam congerant ad supplices circa aram concremandos. Tum Megara mortem non iam fugere decernit<ref>Versus 309-10ː ''τὰς τῶν θεῶν γὰρ ὅστις ἐκμοχθεῖ τύχας, / πρόθυμός ἐστιν, ἡ προθυμία δ᾽ ἄφρων'' = qui sortibus deorum impugnat strenuus quidem est sed illa strenuitas amens.</ref> atque tantummodo petit ut sibi liberos in domo funebri apparatu vestire sibi interim liceat. Quod concessit Lycus et omnes scaenam relinquunt. *'''Primum stasimonː''' chorus [[Labores Herculis|Herculis labores]] celebrat et senii imbellicitatem deplorat.. ==Notae== <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Jacqueline Assaël, "[https://journals.openedition.org/rursus/563 La violence dans l'Héraclès furieux d’Euripide. Lecture girardienne]", ''Rursus'', 2011. *F. Jouan, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1970_num_72_3_3872 Le « Prométhée» d'Eschyle et l'« Héraclès » d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 1970ː 317-331 == Nexus externi == *[http://hodoi.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/euripide_hercule_furieux/lecture/1.htm Textus Graecus et versio Francogallica apud Itinera electronica] *[https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Euripides/Heracles/heracles.html Herakles apud Greekmythology.com] [[Categoria:Tragoediae]] [[Categoria:Litterae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Euripides]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 5 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Hercules]] 8ubpoxs0cqnay042alyt9f0y3e2ue6v 0 55520 3695782 3685982 2022-08-02T18:17:09Z LilyKitty 18316 de vita academica wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Antonius Henricus Becquerel''' ([[Lutetia]]e natus die [[15 Decembris]] [[1852]]; mortuus [[Crociciacum|Crociciaci]] in praefectura [[Liger Atlanticus|Ligeris Atlantici]] die [[25 Augusti]] [[1908]]) fuit [[physicus]] [[Francia|Francicus]]. Avus eius [[Antonius Becquerel|Antonius]] et pater [[Alexander Edmundus Becquerel|Alexander Edmundus]] etiam physici fuerunt. Anno [[1903]] una cum [[Petrus Curie|Petro]] et [[Maria Curie]] [[praemium Nobelianum physicae|praemio Nobeliano physicae]] affectus est ob studium [[physica nuclearis|physicae nuclearis]] ac [[radioactivitas|radioactivitatis]]. Alma mater eius [[Schola Polytechnica Francica]] deinde [[Schola Pontium Viarumque]] fuit. Etiam [[Academia Scientiarum Francica|Academiae Scientiarum Francicae]] socius fuit. {{NexInt}} *[[6914 Becquerel]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Henri Becquerel|Antonium Henricum Becquerel}} * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/ De Antonio Henrico Becquerel] in pagina Nobeliano Physicae Praemio dicata {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BecquerelAntoine/ De Antonio Henrico Becquerel] in Museo historico Germaniae ''(Deutsches Historisches Museum'') {{Ling|Germanice}} * [http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/historical_background.html De Antonio Henrico Becquerel ] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.indispensables.over-blog.com/article-2732387.html De familia Becquerel] {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becquerel, Antonius Henricus}} [[Categoria:Physici Franciae]] [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] [[Categoria:Alumni Scholae Polytechnicae Parisiensis]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Scientiarum Francicae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1852]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1908]] {{Myrias|Homines}} cw6qx3a6khd6tzke9yuiihg0az0w4br 0 61481 3695807 3553535 2022-08-02T19:48:43Z LilyKitty 18316 de vita academica wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Cauchy_Augustin_Louis_dibner_coll_SIL14-C2-03a.jpg|thumb| Augustinus Ludovicus Cauchy]] ''' Augustinus Ludovicus Cauchy''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Augustin Louis Cauchy'', [{{IPA|ogysˈtɛ̃ lwi koˈʃi}}]; natus [[Lutetia]]e die [[21 Augusti]] [[1789]]; mortuus in [[Cellae|Cellis]] praefecturae [[Alta Sequanae|Altae Sequanarum]] die [[23 Maii]] [[1857]]) fuit [[mathematicus]] [[Francia|Francicus]] qui [[theoria numerorum|theoriae numerorum]], [[theoria catervarum|theoriae catervarum]], [[probabilitas|probabilitatis]] et [[optica]]e peritus erat. Cauchy sodalis [[Academia Scientiarum Francica|Academiae Scientiarum Francicae]], [[Regia Academia Scientiarum Suecica |Academiae Regiae Scientiarum Suecicae]] et [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] fuit, nam in istam anno [[1832]] cooptatus est. Alma mater sua fuit [[Schola Polytechnica Francica]] deinde [[Schola Pontium Viarumque]]. Praeterea Cauchy est unus septaginta duorum hominum quos effigies [[Turris Eiffelia| Turris Eiffeliae]] commemorat. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Belhoste: ''Augustin-Louis Cauchy. A biography''. Springer, Urbe Novo Eboraco 1991, ISBN 3-540-97220-X * Detlef D. Spalt: ''Die Vernunft im Cauchy-Mythos''. Deutsch, Francofurti ad Moenum. 1996, ISBN 3-8171-1480-X == Nexus externi == *[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Cauchy.html Biographia] apud MacTutor *[http://www.bibmath.net/bios/index.php3?action=affiche&quoi=cauchy De Augustino Ludovico Cauchy apud r BibMath] *[http://mathdoc.emath.fr/cgi-bin/oetoc?id=OE_CAUCHY_1_1 Opera] {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1789|1857|Cauchy, Augustinus Aloysius}} [[Categoria:Mathematici Franciae]] [[Categoria:Alumni Scholae Polytechnicae Parisiensis]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Scientiarum Francicae]] [[Categoria:Sodales Academiae Regiae Scientiarum Suecicae]] {{Myrias|Homines}} 9av8oib7g9uikpqhjz72kltroermccw 0 69483 3695760 3482662 2022-08-02T14:59:23Z LilyKitty 18316 de morte volontaria, melancholia et Horatio wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} {{Vicificanda}} '''Ernestus Christophorus Dowson''' (natus [[2 Augusti]] [[1867]] [[Londinium|Londinii]], mortuus [[23 Februarii]] [[1900]] eodem loco) fuit [[poeta]] et [[scriptor]] [[mythistoria]]rum [[fabula]]rumque brevium, cuius opera [[Motus Corruptus|Motui Corrupto]] conexa sunt. == Vita == Dowson Collegium Reginae [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]] frequentabat sed diplomate non capto discessit. Novembri 1888 una cum patre apud ''Dowson and Son'', quoddam officinum in urbem ''Limehouse'' [[Londinium|Londonii]] orientalis. Vitam suam comissans convivansque aliis cum discipulis degit, semper tamen artem scribendi assidue colebat. Socius gregis ''Rhymer's Club'' (Grex Cantorum) erat, in quo auctores [[Gulielmus Butler Yeats]] et [[Lionel Pigot Johnson]] inclusi erunt. Pro periodicis quoque ''The Yellow Book'' et ''The Savoy'' crebo scripsit. Dowson nonnullas mythistorias haud prosperas una cum [[Arthuro Moore]] atque unam propriam nomine ''Madame de Viole'' scripsit. Item scriptor (sine compendio) pro periodico ''The Critic'' (Critico) erat. Anno 1889 Dowson amore arsit erga Adelaide Foltinowicz, undecim annos natam, cuponis Polonici filiam. Hac de puella Ernestus poema notum scripsisse fertur, nomine "Non Sum Qualis eram Bonae Sub Regno Cynarae," quod nomen clare est ex versibus [[Horatius|Horatii]], scilicet Carminum quarti libri. [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/horace/carm4.shtml] Dowson autem frustra eam secutus erat: nam sartor quidam Adelaide uxorem duxit. Maestus sic factus, patre anno 1894 [[phthisis|phthise]] mortuo, matre anno 1895 (eodem morbo passa) ab se [[mors voluntaria|ipsa occasa]], Dowson [[melancholia|spei desperatus]] subito aegrotavit. [[Robertus Sherard]] quondam Ernestum miserum in taberna iacentem invenit et eum domum, apud [[oppidum]] ''Catford'', tulit. Sex hebdomades ultimae vitae Ernesti hac in domo fuerant ibi ob nimium [[alcohol]] (vel phthise alii dicunt) 32 annos natus obivit. Sepultus est eodem loco apud catholicos caemeteriorum ''Brockley'' et ''Ladywell''. == Opera == Hodie Dowson praesertim memoratus est ob versus vividos quos scripsit, sicut "dies vini rosarumque" e carmine "Vitae summa breuis spem nos uetat inchoare longam," (1896) quod nomen quoque ex [[Horatius|Horatii]] versibus adsumpsit. [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/horace/carm1.shtml] Ecce hos versus excerptos: :{| |They are not long, the days of wine and roses: || Haud longae, dies vini rosarumque: |- |Out of a misty dream || Caliginoso ex somno |- | Our path emerges for a while, then closes || via nostra iam exsistit, iam vanescit |- |Within a dream. || intra somnium. |} Etiam "omnia cum auris cessa," ex carmine "Non Sum Qualis eram Bonae Sub Regno Cynarae," cuius tertia pars ita est: :{| | I have forgot much, Cynara! gone with the wind, || Multa oblitus sum, Cynara, omnia cum auris cessa, |- | Flung roses, roses riotously with the throng, || Rosas, rosas ebrie cum turba iactas, |- | Dancing, to put thy pale, lost lilies out of mind; || Saltans ut pallida lilia tua ignorem perdita; |- | But I was desolate and sick of an old passion, || Sed desolatus eram et vetere saucius amore, |- | Yea, all the time, because the dance was long: || Ita semper, cum multum tempus saltus esset: |- | I have been faithful to thee, Cynara! in my fashion. || Tibi eram fides, Cynara, modo meo. |} == Nexus externi == * [https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-poets/poets/detail/ernest-dowson De Ernesto Dowson] apud ''[[Poetry Foundation]]'' {{ling|Anglice}} {{Lifetime|1867|1900|Dawson, Ernestus}} [[Categoria:Poetae Angliae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Oxoniensis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores fabularum brevium]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Angliae]] b6p1puepe1uetfruk865z5djk8v01ht 0 70217 3695754 3695741 2022-08-02T12:02:09Z IacobusAmor 1163 2a02:a020:85:e6:131:bce:c2fc:51e7, your change falsified the first footnote. Why did you do that? wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} [[Fasciculus:UN-Human rights-1952-3c.jpg|thumb|[[Pittacium cursuale]] [[Nationes Unitae|Consociationis Nationum]] declarationem commemorat.]] '''Iurum humanorum declaratio universalis'''<ref>''Iura humana'' apud [[Tuomo Pekkanen]] & [[Reijo Pitkäranta]], ''Lexicon hodiernae Latinitatis Finno-Latino-Finnicum'' (Societas Litterarum Finnicarum, 2006); ''declaratio'' + gen. apud auctores antiquos invenitur.</ref><ref>Alia nomina proposita: '''Universalis de iure hominum declaratio''' ([http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=ltn1 secundum ''Socratis'' Gymnasii Romani versionem]); '''declaratio hominis iurium [sic?] universa''' ([http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=ltn secundum Gymnasii Noviodunensis Helvetici versionem]).</ref> est professio a [[Communis Conventus Consociationis Nationum|conventu generali Consociationis Nationum]] apud [[Palatium de Chaillot]] [[Lutetia]]e die [[10 Decembris]] [[1948]] rite decreta, 48 suffragiis adsentientibus, nullo opponente, octo autem abstinentibus. ''[[Guinness Book of Records|Liber primatum memorandorum]]'' hanc declarationem ''mundi documentum omnino in plurimis linguis conversum'' appellat.<ref>[http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/miscinfo/record.htm Universal Declaration of Human Rights Contact Page], Unhchr.ch, inventum [[10 Decembris]] [[2008]].</ref> Declaratio ex clade [[secundum bellum mundanum|belli mundani alterius]] orta est, cuius inter auctores [[Renatus Cassin]], [[Iacobus Maritain]], [[Alienora Roosevelt]], [[Carolus Malik]] erant. Origo omnis [[Internationalis iurum humanorum lex|internationalis iurum humanorum legis]] ac prima perscriptio globalis iurum, quae omnes humani per se possident, est. Consistit in triginta capitulis, quae in insequentibus foederibus inter [[civitas sui iuris|civitatibus]], [[regio]]nalibus iurum humanorum instrumentis, et [[constitutio]]nibus [[lex|legibusque]] civitatum elaborata sunt .<!-- The International Bill of Human Rights consists of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its two Optional Protocols. Anno [[1966]], General Assembly adopted the two detailed Covenants, which complete the International Bill of Human Rights; and in 1976, after the Covenants had been ratified by a sufficient number of individual nations, the Bill took on the force of international law.--><ref>[[Paul Williams]], ed., ''The International Bill of Human Rights'' (Entwhistle, 1981): prima declarationis editio quasi [[liber]], cum praefatione a [[Iacobus Earl Carter|Iacobo Carter]] scripta.</ref> ==Iura per declarationem nota== Declaratio dicit omnes homines [[dignitas|dignitate]] et [[ius|iure]] pares nasci.<ref>Articulus 1: textus Latinus invenitur apud [[Curator supremus Consociationis Nationum pro Iuribus Humanis|officium curatoris supremis consociationis nationum pro iure humano]].</ref> Vetat [[discriminatio|discrimen]] propter [[sexus|sexum]], genus, [[lingua]]m, [[religio]]nem, [[civilitas|opiniones politicas]];<ref>Articulus 2</ref> vetat [[servitus|servitutem]] et [[tortura|supplicium]].<ref>Articuli 4, 5.</ref> [[Lex]] debet omnes [[aequalitas ante legem|aeque]] protegere.<ref>Articulus 7.</ref> Omnes patriam habent, in qua possunt libere se movere; possunt alias [[civitas|civitates]] visitare et in patriam revenire.<ref>Articuli 13, 14, 15.</ref> Declaratio dicit omnes homines se in [[matrimonium|matrimonio]] iungere et [[familia]]m condere posse.<ref>Articulus 16.</ref> Dicit omnes [[libertas|libertatem]] habere opinionis, religionis, [[libertas sentiendi|cogitationis]].<ref>Articuli 18, 19.</ref> Omnes opera administrationis rem publicam possunt facere, vel directe vel per [[politicus|legatos]], et "populi [[comitia|consensus]] principium est [[potestas legisfera|publicae potestatis]]."<ref>Articulum 21.</ref> Omnes ius habent [[otium|otii]] et [[ius laborandi|negotii]].<ref>Articula 23, 24.</ref> ==Nexus interni== *[[Charta Consociationis Nationum]] *[[Charta Hominis ac Civis Iurum]] promulgatum a Conventu Francogallico anno 1789 *[[Declaratio Libertatis Civitatum Americae Foederatarum]], anno 1776 *[[Dies Iurum Humanorum|Dies iurum humanorum]] *[[Historia iurum humanorum]] *[[Internationalis iurum humanorum lex]] *[[Iura humana]] *[[Magna charta libertatum]], anno 1215 *[[Universalismus moralis]] ===De sexagesimo festo anniversario=== * [Bar Ilan University, Israel, 60 Years of the UDHR] [http://www.law.biu.ac.il/uploads//hodaot_students/human_rights.pdf-] Evaluating the Record - 2008 *[http://www.law.umaryland.edu/faculty/conferences/detail.html?conf=69 Maryland Law UDHR 60 Conference] - October 23-25, 2008 *[http://udhr.net UDHR 60 Connecticut Conference] - December 2008 *[http://knowyourrights2008.org Know Your Rights 2008] *[http://www.takingitglobal.org/themes/udhr60/ Youth Celebrate the 60th Anniversary of the UDHR] CASHRA, the John Humphrey Centre and TakingITGlobal join forces *[http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2008/12/03/Event_addresses_human_rights_abuses/UPI-24721228354964/ Interfaith Cooperation and the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity.] {{Vicificanda}} ===Varia foedera historica=== *[[Cyrus cylinder]], Ancient Persia, 559-530 a.C.n. *[[United States Declaration of Independence]], Iulio 1776 *[[Declaration of Sentiments]], 1848 *[[Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam]], 1990 *[[Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action]], 1993 *[[United Nations Millennium Declaration]], 2000 ===Leges de iuribus humanis=== *[[Cáin Adomnáin]], [[697]] *[[Magna Carta]] in [[Anglia]], [[1215]] *[[Golden Bull of 1222|Golden Bull]],{{dubsig]} Hungaria, [[1222]] *[[English Bill of Rights]] and [[Claim of Right Act 1689|Scottish Claim of Right]], [[1689]] *[[Virginia Declaration of Rights]], Iunio [[1776]] *[[United States Bill of Rights]], facta [[1789]], ascita [[1791]] *[[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]], [[Francia]], [[1789]] *[[Constitution of the Soviet Union]], 1918 *[[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]], [[1982]] ===Leges inter civitates de iuribus humanorum=== *[[European Convention on Human Rights]], [[1950]] *[[Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees]], [[1954]] *[[Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination]], [[1969]] *[[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]], [[1976]] *[[International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights]], [[1976]] *[[Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women]], [[1981]] *[[Convention on the Rights of the Child]], [[1990]] *[[Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union]], [[2000]] *[[Yogyakartae Principia]] ===Alii=== *[[Command responsibility]] *[[Declaration on Great Apes]], de [[hominidae|homoinidis]] *[[John Peters Humphrey]] et pellicula [http://www.histori.ca/minutes/minute.do?id=10219 PSA Histori.ca short] *[[Paris Peace Conference, 1919#Japanese approach]], [[1919]] *[[Khutbatul Wada']], [[632]] == Notae == <references/> ==Bibliographia== *Morsink, Johannes. [[1999]]. ''The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting and Intent. [[Philadelphia]]e: University of Pennsylvania Press. *Nurser, John. [[2005]]. ''For All Peoples and All Nations: Christian Churches and Human Rights.'' [[Geneva]]e: WCC Publications. == Nexus externi == {{vicifons|Declarationem hominis iurium universam}} <!-- {{victionarium2|Universa iurum humanorum declaratio}} Nihil video apud Victionarium --> * [http://ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=ltn Textus] latinus Declarationis * [http://ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Introduction.aspx Versiones] officiales Declarationis, plus quam 380 linguis scriptae * [http://www.columbia.edu/ccnmtl/projects/mmt/udhr/index.html Center for the Study of Human Rights] apud Universitatem Columbiensem: commentarium * [http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html Textus] (anglice) * [http://www.worldinbalance.net/agreements/1948-udhr.html Center for a World in Balance], textus anglicus * [http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/humanrights/resources/plain.asp Versio] simpliciter scripta (anglice) * [http://www.facebook.com/pages/Universal-Declaration-of-Human-Rights/34367960914 UDHR] pagina apud Facebook * [http://www.unac.org/rights/question.html Quaestiones] de Declaratione * [http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/auol.htm Conferentiae] per totam orbem terrarum de iuris humanis * [http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/eleanorrooseveltdeclarationhumanrights.htm Oratio] ab Eleanor Roosevelt habita ad Consociatem Nationum, cum texto et pellicula * [http://web.archive.org/web/20070614145042/http://www.nachrichtendienste.ch/THESIS_BY_MARCEL_STUESSI_SECRET_PERSONAL_DATA_GATHERING_.pdf Propositio] nomine ''Proposal for a Privacy Protection Guideline on Secret Personal Data Gathering and Transborder Flows of Such Data in the Fight against Terrorism and Serious Crime'' a Marcello Stuessi scripta * [http://www.universalrights.net/main/educat.htm UDHR - Educatio] * [http://www.envio.org.ni/articulo/1349 Revista Envío] Nova declaratio iurum humanorum <!-- ===Audiovisual materials=== * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTlrSYbCbHE Universal Declaration of Human Rights Typographical Animation] by [http://humanrightsactioncenter.org Human Rights Action Center] * [http://librivox.org/the-universal-declaration-of-human-rights-by-the-united-nations/ Librivox: Human-read audio recordings in several Languages] *[http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/eleanorrooseveltdeclarationhumanrights.htm Text, Audio, and Video excerpt of Eleanor Roosevelt's Address to the United Nations on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights] *[http://jp.youtube.com/watch?v=epVZrYbDVis Animated presentation of t he Universal Declaration of Human Rights by Amnesty International, from Youtube] (English, 20 minutes and 23 seconds) * [http://webcast.un.org/ramgen/ondemand/legal/audio/humanrights/dr_charles_malik-human_rights_06_nov_48.rm Audio: Statement by Charles Malik as Representative of Lebanon to the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly on the Universal Declaration, 6 November 1948.] * [http://www.columbia.edu/ccnmtl/projects/mmt/udhr/ramfiles/udhr_045.ram UN Department of Public Information introduction to the drafters of the Declaration.] * [http://www.un.org/law/AVLpilotproject/udhr_video.html UN video archives of speeches on adoption of the Declaration.] * [http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=human+rights+rrrt Videos introducing each article of the UDHR from RRRT Pacific.] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixjACBvv2mE Video add for UDHR article 1 from [[Youth for Human Rights International]].] --> [[Categoria:Documenta]] [[Categoria:Iura humana]] [[Categoria:Nationes Unitae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1948]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Societas}} 08yfg4qhlm8wvv75jeapg2jc0ughkxi 0 106559 3695822 3691896 2022-08-02T20:30:31Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 wikitext text/x-wiki '''"Homo homini lupus"''' est sententiola celebris, quae primum apud [[Plautus|Plautum]] legitur. In ''[[Asinaria (Plautus)|Asinaria]]'' enim, [[comoedia]] [[saeculum 2 a.C.n.|saeculo II a.C.n.]] ineunte scripta, mercator Leonidam servum adloquens ita dicit (495): {{Citatio|"'''Lupus est homo homini''', non homo, quom qualis sit non novit."}} Qui ordo [[verbum (generale)|verborum]] ab [[Erasmus|Erasmo]] in ''[[Adagia (Erasmus)|Adagiis]]'' mutatus est, ut '''homo homini lupus''' cum hac sententia, [[Caecilius Statius|Caecilio]] adtributa, "'''Homo homini deus''' est, sí suum officiúm sciat",<ref>In ''Palliatis'' 264.</ref> congruat. Deinde posteri hanc sententiolam saepissime repetierunt, sicut [[Franciscus Rabelaesus]] in ''[[Le tiers livre (Rabelaesus)|Le tiers livre]]'', [[Franciscus Baco]] in ''[[De dignitate]]'' et ''[[Novum organum|Novo organo]]'', [[Michael Montanus]] ''Essais'',<ref>Liber III, Caput 5</ref> [[Thomas Hobbes]] in ''[[De cive]]'' et ''[[Leviathan (Thomas Hobbius)|Leviathan]]'', [[Arthurus Schopenhauer]] in ''[[Le monde comme volonté et comme représentation]]'', [[Sigmundus Freud]] in ''[[Das Unbehagen in der Kultur]]''. Cui sententiolae adludens [[Sergius Bouchard]] [[misanthropia|misanthropice]]: "L'homme est un loup pour l'homme, ce qui, vous en conviendrez, n'est pas très gentil pour le loup"<ref>Serge Bouchard, ''Quinze lieux communs'' (Les armes, éd. Boréal, p. 177)</ref> ('homo homini lupus est, quod, consentientibus vobis, parum come est lupo'). == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} *[[Aggressionismus]] *[[Alteritas]] *"[[Bellum omnium contra omnes]]" *[[Incursio]] *[[Instinctus naturae]] *[[Misanthropia]] [[Categoria:Locutiones Latinae]] [[Categoria:Plautus]] pjey6e5cex6e3rebvc0rzkf13y42efh 0 163150 3695819 2138405 2022-08-02T20:23:40Z CleverBrownie 88811 Chronus et Cronus eidem non sunt. Chronus primordialis est temporis atque Cronus pater est Iuppiter. wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tempus]] 3jjoaynkl195117zmuztd1dgmqynkc3 0 200870 3695847 3302679 2022-08-03T00:24:33Z 109.180.207.11 wikitext text/x-wiki {{capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Sybilla''' (Theod. ''Sybille'') '''Benning''' (nata die [[8 Ianuarii]] [[1961]] [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]; mortua die [[29 Iulii]] [[2022]]) rerum politicarum perita [[Germania|Germanica]] factionis [[CDU]] fuit. == Iuventus et munus == Postquam scholam finivit, Benning tirocinium hortariae fecitr et deinde annis [[1982]] - [[1986]] in [[Weihenstephan]] arti hortariae studebat et diploma accepit. Tum Deinde hoc munere operam dedit. Etiam [[Universitas Monasteriensis|Monasterii]] geographiae studebat. == Familia == Benning marito nupsit atque duos filios atque duas filias habet. == Cursus honorum == Benning ab anno [[2001]] sodalis Factionis Christianae Democraticae est. Ab anno [[2004]] legata ad consilium urbis Monasterii est. Anno [[2013]] primo legata ad [[Dieta Foederalis Germaniae|Dietam Foederalem Germaniae]] electa est. Anno [[2017]]iterum sedem legatae adepta est. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Sybille Benning|Sybillam Benning}} * [http://www.bundestag.de/bundestag/abgeordnete18/biografien/B/benning_sybille.html Biographia in pagina Dietae Foederalis Germaniae] * [http://www.sybille-benning.de/index.php?ka=5&ska=14 Pagina personalis] {{Lifetime|1961|2022|Benning, Sibilla}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Monasteriensis]] [[Categoria:Legati Dietae Foederalis Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] 86mk691oxkhmfl7talvxyhmlnyvoauk 0 201214 3695833 2662679 2022-08-02T21:10:57Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 /* Nexus externi */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Johann Friedrich Overbeck Selbstbildnis 1830.jpg|thumb|Imago sui ipsius circa annum [[1830]] picta.]] [[Fasciculus:Friedrich Overbeck 011.jpg|thumb|Imago sui ipsius cum familia, circa annum [[1820]].]] Ioannes '''Fridericus Overbeck''' (natus die [[3 Iulii]] anno [[1789]] [[Lubeca]]e; mortuus die [[12 Novembris]] anno [[1869]] [[Roma]]e, sepultus in [[Ecclesia Sancti Bernardi ad Thermas]] Romae) fuit [[pictura|pictor]] [[Germania|Germanus]]. Propugnator sic dictae [[Ars Nazarena|artis Nazarenae]] habetur. == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Friedrich Overbeck 001.jpg|Trimphus religionis in artibus (1840) Fasciculus:Friedrich Overbeck 008.jpg|Italia et Germania Fasciculus:Friedrich Overbeck 009.jpg|Maria et Elisabeth<br /> cum Iesu puero<br />et Ioanne puero Fasciculus:Christus am Oelberg Overbeck.jpg|Christus in Monte Oliveti Fasciculus:HL Marienkirche – Overbeck.jpg|Deploratio Christi </gallery> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Friedrich Overbeck|Fridericum Overbeck}} * [http://www.porziuncola.org/tedesco/porziuncolated.htm Portiuncula / imagines parietum] * Lionel Gossman [http://19thc-artworldwide.org/autumn_03/articles/goss_print.html ''Unwilling Moderns: The Nazarene Painters of the Nineteenth Century''.] commentatio (englisch) * [http://www.goethezeitportal.de/index.php?id=766 Friedrich Overbeck: ''Der Triumph der Religion in den Künsten'' (Triumphus religionis in artibus)] ==Nexus interni== * [[Italia et Germania (Overbeck)]] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1789]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1869]] [[Categoria:Viri]] t2acct9kx93svf4oe9bd1mqvn278twg 3695834 3695833 2022-08-02T21:11:45Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Johann Friedrich Overbeck Selbstbildnis 1830.jpg|thumb|Imago sui ipsius circa annum [[1830]] picta.]] [[Fasciculus:Friedrich Overbeck 011.jpg|thumb|Imago sui ipsius cum familia, circa annum [[1820]].]] Ioannes '''Fridericus Overbeck''' (natus die [[3 Iulii]] anno [[1789]] [[Lubeca]]e; mortuus die [[12 Novembris]] anno [[1869]] [[Roma]]e, sepultus in [[Ecclesia Sancti Bernardi ad Thermas]] Romae) fuit [[pictura|pictor]] [[Germania|Germanus]]. Propugnator sic dictae [[Ars Nazarena|artis Nazarenae]] habetur. == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Friedrich Overbeck 001.jpg|Trimphus religionis in artibus (1840) Fasciculus:Friedrich Overbeck 008.jpg|Italia et Germania Fasciculus:Friedrich Overbeck 009.jpg|Maria et Elisabeth<br /> cum Iesu puero<br />et Ioanne puero Fasciculus:Christus am Oelberg Overbeck.jpg|Christus in Monte Oliveti Fasciculus:HL Marienkirche – Overbeck.jpg|Deploratio Christi </gallery> ==Nexus interni== * [[Italia et Germania (Overbeck)]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Friedrich Overbeck|Fridericum Overbeck}} * [http://www.porziuncola.org/tedesco/porziuncolated.htm Portiuncula / imagines parietum] * Lionel Gossman [http://19thc-artworldwide.org/autumn_03/articles/goss_print.html ''Unwilling Moderns: The Nazarene Painters of the Nineteenth Century''.] commentatio (englisch) * [http://www.goethezeitportal.de/index.php?id=766 Friedrich Overbeck: ''Der Triumph der Religion in den Künsten'' (Triumphus religionis in artibus)] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1789]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1869]] [[Categoria:Viri]] bdk7hx4cnd4cfg6rtxxm8s9phrorxhu 0 214272 3695783 3603500 2022-08-02T18:20:25Z Petrus Tectander 55452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Isleifus Gissuri filius'''<ref>[https://baekur.is/bok/000310814/0/138/Commentatio_de_jure ''Commentatio de jure ecclesiarum in Islandia'', 1844, p. 128].</ref> ([[Islandice]] ''Ísleifur Gissurarson'' aut ''Gizurarson'', natus anno [[1006]], mortuus die [[5 Iulii]] [[1080]]) fuit primus [[episcopus]] [[Scalholtum|Scalholtensis]] et primus episcoporum [[Islandia]]e. Pater eius fuit [[Gissur hvíti Teitsson|Gissurus Albus Teiti filius]]. Islandia anno [[1000]] [[Christianitas|Christiana]] facta est; anno [[1056]] Isleifus ordinatus est episcopus, quo munere usque ad mortem [[die 5 Iulii]] [[1080]] functus est. ==Notae== <references /> == Bibliographia == *Orri Vésteinsson: ''The Christianization of Iceland. Priests, Power, and Social Change 1000-1300''. Oxford University Press, Oxoniae 2000 *Roland Köhne: ''Bischof Isleif Gizurarson, ein berühmter Schüler des Stifts Herford. Kirchliche Verbindungen zwischen Deutschland und Island im 11. Jahrhundert.'' In: Jahresbericht des Historischen Vereins für die Grafschaft Ravensberg. Vol. 67, 1970, p. 1–38. *Helge bei der Wieden: ''Bischof Isleif Gissurarson und seine Erziehung in Herford''. In: Historisches Jahrbuch für den Kreis Herford. Vol. 15, 2008, p. 55–61. *''Saga Biskupsstólanna''. Hólar 2006. *Ekkart Sauser: ''Ísleifur Gissurarson''. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Vol. 18, Bautz, Herzberg 2001, ISBN 3-88309-086-7, Col. 704. == Nexus interni == * [[Episcopi Scalholtenses]] == Nexus externi == *[http://is.wikisource.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslendingab%C3%B3k Wikisource: Íslendingabók] (cap. 9 de Gissuro Isleifi filio; Islandice) *[https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienI/Islav_von_Skalholt.htm Islav von Skálholt, in: Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon] (Theodisce) *[http://www.archive.org/stream/hungurvakasiveh01lagoog#page/n73/mode/1up Hungrvaka] (cap. 3s. de Gissouro Isleifi filio; Latine) [[Categoria:Nati 1006]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1080]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Scalholtenses]] 1kdguw2k4jmvq6y7ricb4wxm56j0ygx 3695786 3695783 2022-08-02T18:22:49Z Petrus Tectander 55452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Isleifus Gissuri filius'''<ref>[https://baekur.is/bok/000310814/0/138/Commentatio_de_jure ''Commentatio de jure ecclesiarum in Islandia'', 1844, p. 128].</ref> ([[Islandice]] ''Ísleifur Gissurarson'' aut ''Gizurarson'', natus anno [[1006]], mortuus die [[5 Iulii]] [[1080]]) fuit primus [[episcopus]] [[Scalholtum|Scalholtensis]] et primus episcoporum [[Islandia]]e. Pater eius fuit [[Gissur hvíti Teitsson|Gissurus Albus Teiti filius]]. Islandia anno [[1000]] [[Christianitas|Christiana]] facta est; anno [[1056]] Isleifus ordinatus est episcopus, quo munere usque ad mortem functus est. ==Notae== <references /> == Bibliographia == *Orri Vésteinsson: ''The Christianization of Iceland. Priests, Power, and Social Change 1000-1300''. Oxford University Press, Oxoniae 2000 *Roland Köhne: ''Bischof Isleif Gizurarson, ein berühmter Schüler des Stifts Herford. Kirchliche Verbindungen zwischen Deutschland und Island im 11. Jahrhundert.'' In: Jahresbericht des Historischen Vereins für die Grafschaft Ravensberg. Vol. 67, 1970, p. 1–38. *Helge bei der Wieden: ''Bischof Isleif Gissurarson und seine Erziehung in Herford''. In: Historisches Jahrbuch für den Kreis Herford. Vol. 15, 2008, p. 55–61. *''Saga Biskupsstólanna''. Hólar 2006. *Ekkart Sauser: ''Ísleifur Gissurarson''. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Vol. 18, Bautz, Herzberg 2001, ISBN 3-88309-086-7, Col. 704. == Nexus interni == * [[Episcopi Scalholtenses]] == Nexus externi == *[http://is.wikisource.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslendingab%C3%B3k Wikisource: Íslendingabók] (cap. 9 de Gissuro Isleifi filio; Islandice) *[https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienI/Islav_von_Skalholt.htm Islav von Skálholt, in: Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon] (Theodisce) *[http://www.archive.org/stream/hungurvakasiveh01lagoog#page/n73/mode/1up Hungrvaka] (cap. 3s. de Gissouro Isleifi filio; Latine) [[Categoria:Nati 1006]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1080]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Scalholtenses]] 9se7h2gte32l95lfuh5p0j2p2ycz6lo 14 214273 3695784 2732815 2022-08-02T18:21:44Z Petrus Tectander 55452 Petrus Tectander movit paginam [[Categoria:Episcopi Schalholtiae]] ad [[Categoria:Episcopi Scalholtenses]]: Schalholtiae -> Scalholtenses wikitext text/x-wiki {{Homines hac in categoria secundum annum ultimum vitae}} [[Categoria:Episcopi Islandiae]] idxjgc7cfb9wuvoktk2o2zbakzmimsv 0 214278 3695800 3603489 2022-08-02T19:44:34Z Petrus Tectander 55452 Nomina curavi et rem paululum retractavi wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ionas Ogmundi filius'''<ref>Finnus Iohannaeus: ''Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae'', tom. 1, Hafniae 1772, [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/332/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n331/mode/2up p. 320]</ref> seu '''Iohannes Ögmundi filius'''<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430'', Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/112/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n111/mode/2up/search/Ögmundi p. 49]</ref> ([[Lingua Islandica|Islandice]] ''Jón Ögmundarson'' aut ''Ögmundsson'', natus anno [[1052]], mortuus die [[23 Aprilis]] [[1121]]) fuit primus [[episcopus]] [[Hola|Holensis]]. Ionas fuit filius Ogmundi Thorkelli filii et Thorgerdae Egillis filiae<ref>De formis Latinis horum nominum, vide [[Index formarum Latinarum nominum Islandicorum|Indicem formarum nominum Islandicorum]]</ref>, qui [[Breiðabólstaður|Breidabolstadis]]<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430'', Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/270/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n269/mode/2up/search/breidabolstadis p. 207]</ref> habitaverunt. [[Scalholtum|Scalholti]] apud [[Isleifus Gissuri filius|Isleifum Gissuri filium]] didicit, deinde in [[Dania|Regnum Daniae]] et [[Norvegia]]e iit ampliorum studiorum causa. In Islandiam reversus [[Saemundus Sapiens|Saemundum Sapientem]] cognovit. Ionas omnino multa fecit. Scholam Holensem condidit, ubi praeter Islandos etiam magistri peregrini docebant. Nomina dierum Islandicorum invenit, quibus Islandi hucusque utuntur. [[Roma]]m iit sedem episcopalem confirmatum et a [[papa]] impetravit, ut episcopus fieret. Die [[29 Aprilis]] [[1106]] Ionas episcopus factus est. [[Fasciculus:Jon Ogmundsson Icelandic bishop.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Ionas Ogmundi filius librum baculumque pastorale tenens. In hac pagina, quae saeculo 19 scripta est, legitur: ''Jon Helge Øgmundzon. Firste Hoola Biscup'', id est: ''Ionas Sanctus Ogmundi filius, primus episcopus Holensis.'']] Anno [[1200]] a senatu Islandico [[Althingi]] ''sanctus'' appellatus est, id quod papa numquam confirmavit. Tamen Sanctus Ionas custos est ecclesiae Catholicae in Islandia, diem suae missae habens [[3 Martii]]. In Norvegia quoque sanctus veneratur, suam missam habens die [[23 Aprilis]]. Exstat etiam ''Jóns saga Hólabiskups'' ([[Lingua Latina|Latine]] fere ''Ionae historia episcopi Holensis''), qua continetur narratio de eius vita et operibus necnon de humanitate illius temporis. == Bibliographia == *Gunnar Karlsson (2000). ''Iceland's 1100 Years : History of a Marginal Society''. Londinii: C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 1-85065-420-4. *[http://visindavefur.hi.is/svar.asp?id=3546 Unnar Árnason: ''Hver var Jón Ögmundsson?''] ("Quis fuit Ioannes Egmundi filius?" - Islandice) *Peter Foote (ed.): ''Biskupasögur'' 1, Rvík 2003. *Páll Eggert Ólason: ''Íslenskar æviskrár'' III, Reykjavík 1950 *Árni Daníel Júlíusson, Jón Ólafur Ísberg et al. (red.): ''Íslenskur söguatlas'' 1, Iðunn, Rvík 1991 *''Saga Biskupsstólanna.'' Hólar 2006. ==Nexus externi== {{fontes biographici}} == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Nati 1052]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1121]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Holenses]] 7lspf4g5suyo92q6q2ywamvx4avyam3 3695801 3695800 2022-08-02T19:45:10Z Petrus Tectander 55452 Petrus Tectander movit paginam [[Ioannes Ögmundi filius]] ad [[Ionas Ogmundi filius]]: Vetustiorem nominis formam adhibui, fontibus citatis wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ionas Ogmundi filius'''<ref>Finnus Iohannaeus: ''Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae'', tom. 1, Hafniae 1772, [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/332/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n331/mode/2up p. 320]</ref> seu '''Iohannes Ögmundi filius'''<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430'', Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/112/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n111/mode/2up/search/Ögmundi p. 49]</ref> ([[Lingua Islandica|Islandice]] ''Jón Ögmundarson'' aut ''Ögmundsson'', natus anno [[1052]], mortuus die [[23 Aprilis]] [[1121]]) fuit primus [[episcopus]] [[Hola|Holensis]]. Ionas fuit filius Ogmundi Thorkelli filii et Thorgerdae Egillis filiae<ref>De formis Latinis horum nominum, vide [[Index formarum Latinarum nominum Islandicorum|Indicem formarum nominum Islandicorum]]</ref>, qui [[Breiðabólstaður|Breidabolstadis]]<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430'', Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/270/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n269/mode/2up/search/breidabolstadis p. 207]</ref> habitaverunt. [[Scalholtum|Scalholti]] apud [[Isleifus Gissuri filius|Isleifum Gissuri filium]] didicit, deinde in [[Dania|Regnum Daniae]] et [[Norvegia]]e iit ampliorum studiorum causa. In Islandiam reversus [[Saemundus Sapiens|Saemundum Sapientem]] cognovit. Ionas omnino multa fecit. Scholam Holensem condidit, ubi praeter Islandos etiam magistri peregrini docebant. Nomina dierum Islandicorum invenit, quibus Islandi hucusque utuntur. [[Roma]]m iit sedem episcopalem confirmatum et a [[papa]] impetravit, ut episcopus fieret. Die [[29 Aprilis]] [[1106]] Ionas episcopus factus est. [[Fasciculus:Jon Ogmundsson Icelandic bishop.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Ionas Ogmundi filius librum baculumque pastorale tenens. In hac pagina, quae saeculo 19 scripta est, legitur: ''Jon Helge Øgmundzon. Firste Hoola Biscup'', id est: ''Ionas Sanctus Ogmundi filius, primus episcopus Holensis.'']] Anno [[1200]] a senatu Islandico [[Althingi]] ''sanctus'' appellatus est, id quod papa numquam confirmavit. Tamen Sanctus Ionas custos est ecclesiae Catholicae in Islandia, diem suae missae habens [[3 Martii]]. In Norvegia quoque sanctus veneratur, suam missam habens die [[23 Aprilis]]. Exstat etiam ''Jóns saga Hólabiskups'' ([[Lingua Latina|Latine]] fere ''Ionae historia episcopi Holensis''), qua continetur narratio de eius vita et operibus necnon de humanitate illius temporis. == Bibliographia == *Gunnar Karlsson (2000). ''Iceland's 1100 Years : History of a Marginal Society''. Londinii: C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 1-85065-420-4. *[http://visindavefur.hi.is/svar.asp?id=3546 Unnar Árnason: ''Hver var Jón Ögmundsson?''] ("Quis fuit Ioannes Egmundi filius?" - Islandice) *Peter Foote (ed.): ''Biskupasögur'' 1, Rvík 2003. *Páll Eggert Ólason: ''Íslenskar æviskrár'' III, Reykjavík 1950 *Árni Daníel Júlíusson, Jón Ólafur Ísberg et al. (red.): ''Íslenskur söguatlas'' 1, Iðunn, Rvík 1991 *''Saga Biskupsstólanna.'' Hólar 2006. ==Nexus externi== {{fontes biographici}} == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Nati 1052]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1121]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Holenses]] 7lspf4g5suyo92q6q2ywamvx4avyam3 3695803 3695801 2022-08-02T19:46:44Z Petrus Tectander 55452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Jon Ogmundsson Icelandic bishop.jpg|thumb|Ionas Ogmundi filius librum baculumque pastorale tenens. In hac pagina, quae saeculo 19 scripta est, legitur: ''Jon Helge Øgmundzon. Firste Hoola Biscup'', id est: ''Ionas Sanctus Ogmundi filius, primus episcopus Holensis.'']] '''Ionas Ogmundi filius'''<ref>Finnus Iohannaeus: ''Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae'', tom. 1, Hafniae 1772, [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/332/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n331/mode/2up p. 320]</ref> seu '''Iohannes Ögmundi filius'''<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430'', Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/112/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n111/mode/2up/search/Ögmundi p. 49]</ref> ([[Lingua Islandica|Islandice]] ''Jón Ögmundarson'' aut ''Ögmundsson'', natus anno [[1052]], mortuus die [[23 Aprilis]] [[1121]]) fuit primus [[episcopus]] [[Hola|Holensis]]. Ionas fuit filius Ogmundi Thorkelli filii et Thorgerdae Egillis filiae<ref>De formis Latinis horum nominum, vide [[Index formarum Latinarum nominum Islandicorum|Indicem formarum nominum Islandicorum]]</ref>, qui [[Breiðabólstaður|Breidabolstadis]]<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430'', Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/270/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n269/mode/2up/search/breidabolstadis p. 207]</ref> habitaverunt. [[Scalholtum|Scalholti]] apud [[Isleifus Gissuri filius|Isleifum Gissuri filium]] didicit, deinde in [[Dania|Regnum Daniae]] et [[Norvegia]]e iit ampliorum studiorum causa. In Islandiam reversus [[Saemundus Sapiens|Saemundum Sapientem]] cognovit. Ionas omnino multa fecit. Scholam Holensem condidit, ubi praeter Islandos etiam magistri peregrini docebant. Nomina dierum Islandicorum invenit, quibus Islandi hucusque utuntur. [[Roma]]m iit sedem episcopalem confirmatum et a [[papa]] impetravit, ut episcopus fieret. Die [[29 Aprilis]] [[1106]] Ionas episcopus factus est. Anno [[1200]] a senatu Islandico [[Althingi]] ''sanctus'' appellatus est, id quod papa numquam confirmavit. Tamen Sanctus Ionas custos est ecclesiae Catholicae in Islandia, diem suae missae habens [[3 Martii]]. In Norvegia quoque sanctus veneratur, suam missam habens die [[23 Aprilis]]. Exstat etiam ''Jóns saga Hólabiskups'' ([[Lingua Latina|Latine]] fere ''Ionae historia episcopi Holensis''), qua continetur narratio de eius vita et operibus necnon de humanitate illius temporis. == Bibliographia == *Gunnar Karlsson (2000). ''Iceland's 1100 Years : History of a Marginal Society''. Londinii: C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 1-85065-420-4. *[http://visindavefur.hi.is/svar.asp?id=3546 Unnar Árnason: ''Hver var Jón Ögmundsson?''] ("Quis fuit Ioannes Egmundi filius?" - Islandice) *Peter Foote (ed.): ''Biskupasögur'' 1, Rvík 2003. *Páll Eggert Ólason: ''Íslenskar æviskrár'' III, Reykjavík 1950 *Árni Daníel Júlíusson, Jón Ólafur Ísberg et al. (red.): ''Íslenskur söguatlas'' 1, Iðunn, Rvík 1991 *''Saga Biskupsstólanna.'' Hólar 2006. ==Nexus externi== {{fontes biographici}} == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Nati 1052]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1121]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Holenses]] ekxpcmpsy5gg291r945j21xmq3f8sk6 3695805 3695803 2022-08-02T19:47:52Z Petrus Tectander 55452 Nexum internum addidi wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Jon Ogmundsson Icelandic bishop.jpg|thumb|Ionas Ogmundi filius librum baculumque pastorale tenens. In hac pagina, quae saeculo 19 scripta est, legitur: ''Jon Helge Øgmundzon. Firste Hoola Biscup'', id est: ''Ionas Sanctus Ogmundi filius, primus episcopus Holensis.'']] '''Ionas Ogmundi filius'''<ref>Finnus Iohannaeus: ''Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae'', tom. 1, Hafniae 1772, [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/332/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n331/mode/2up p. 320]</ref> seu '''Iohannes Ögmundi filius'''<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430'', Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/112/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n111/mode/2up/search/Ögmundi p. 49]</ref> ([[Lingua Islandica|Islandice]] ''Jón Ögmundarson'' aut ''Ögmundsson'', natus anno [[1052]], mortuus die [[23 Aprilis]] [[1121]]) fuit primus [[episcopus]] [[Hola|Holensis]]. Ionas fuit filius Ogmundi Thorkelli filii et Thorgerdae Egillis filiae<ref>De formis Latinis horum nominum, vide [[Index formarum Latinarum nominum Islandicorum|Indicem formarum nominum Islandicorum]]</ref>, qui [[Breiðabólstaður|Breidabolstadis]]<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430'', Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/270/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n269/mode/2up/search/breidabolstadis p. 207]</ref> habitaverunt. [[Scalholtum|Scalholti]] apud [[Isleifus Gissuri filius|Isleifum Gissuri filium]] didicit, deinde in [[Dania|Regnum Daniae]] et [[Norvegia]]e iit ampliorum studiorum causa. In Islandiam reversus [[Saemundus Sapiens|Saemundum Sapientem]] cognovit. Ionas omnino multa fecit. Scholam Holensem condidit, ubi praeter Islandos etiam magistri peregrini docebant. Nomina dierum Islandicorum invenit, quibus Islandi hucusque utuntur. [[Roma]]m iit sedem episcopalem confirmatum et a [[papa]] impetravit, ut episcopus fieret. Die [[29 Aprilis]] [[1106]] Ionas episcopus factus est. Anno [[1200]] a senatu Islandico [[Althingi]] ''sanctus'' appellatus est, id quod papa numquam confirmavit. Tamen Sanctus Ionas custos est ecclesiae Catholicae in Islandia, diem suae missae habens [[3 Martii]]. In Norvegia quoque sanctus veneratur, suam missam habens die [[23 Aprilis]]. Exstat etiam ''Jóns saga Hólabiskups'' ([[Lingua Latina|Latine]] fere ''Ionae historia episcopi Holensis''), qua continetur narratio de eius vita et operibus necnon de humanitate illius temporis. == Bibliographia == *Gunnar Karlsson (2000). ''Iceland's 1100 Years : History of a Marginal Society''. Londinii: C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 1-85065-420-4. *[http://visindavefur.hi.is/svar.asp?id=3546 Unnar Árnason: ''Hver var Jón Ögmundsson?''] ("Quis fuit Ioannes Egmundi filius?" - Islandice) *Peter Foote (ed.): ''Biskupasögur'' 1, Rvík 2003. *Páll Eggert Ólason: ''Íslenskar æviskrár'' III, Reykjavík 1950 *Árni Daníel Júlíusson, Jón Ólafur Ísberg et al. (red.): ''Íslenskur söguatlas'' 1, Iðunn, Rvík 1991 *''Saga Biskupsstólanna.'' Hólar 2006. == Nexus interni == * [[Episcopi Holenses]] ==Nexus externi== {{fontes biographici}} == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Nati 1052]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1121]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Holenses]] 7ljzwfkuuceg7uyivqht5jipwgl9uzc 3695808 3695805 2022-08-02T19:48:45Z Petrus Tectander 55452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Jon Ogmundsson Icelandic bishop.jpg|thumb|Ionas Ogmundi filius librum baculumque pastorale tenens. In hac pagina, quae saeculo 19 scripta est, legitur: ''Jon Helge Øgmundzon. Firste Hoola Biscup'', id est: ''Ionas Sanctus Ogmundi filius, primus episcopus Holensis.'']] '''Ionas Ogmundi filius'''<ref>Finnus Iohannaeus: ''Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae'', tom. 1, Hafniae 1772, [https://baekur.is/bok/000117528/1/332/Historia_ecclesiastica#page/n331/mode/2up p. 320]</ref> (seu '''Iohannes Ögmundi filius'''<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430'', Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/112/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n111/mode/2up/search/Ögmundi p. 49]</ref>, [[Lingua Islandica|Islandice]] ''Jón Ögmundarson'' aut ''Ögmundsson'', natus anno [[1052]], mortuus die [[23 Aprilis]] [[1121]]) fuit primus [[episcopus]] [[Hola|Holensis]]. Ionas fuit filius Ogmundi Thorkelli filii et Thorgerdae Egillis filiae<ref>De formis Latinis horum nominum, vide [[Index formarum Latinarum nominum Islandicorum|Indicem formarum nominum Islandicorum]]</ref>, qui [[Breiðabólstaður|Breidabolstadis]]<ref>''Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430'', Hafniae 1847, [https://baekur.is/bok/000197461/0/270/Islenzkir_annalar__sive#page/n269/mode/2up/search/breidabolstadis p. 207]</ref> habitaverunt. [[Scalholtum|Scalholti]] apud [[Isleifus Gissuri filius|Isleifum Gissuri filium]] didicit, deinde in [[Dania|Regnum Daniae]] et [[Norvegia]]e iit ampliorum studiorum causa. In Islandiam reversus [[Saemundus Sapiens|Saemundum Sapientem]] cognovit. Ionas omnino multa fecit. Scholam Holensem condidit, ubi praeter Islandos etiam magistri peregrini docebant. Nomina dierum Islandicorum invenit, quibus Islandi hucusque utuntur. [[Roma]]m iit sedem episcopalem confirmatum et a [[papa]] impetravit, ut episcopus fieret. Die [[29 Aprilis]] [[1106]] Ionas episcopus factus est. Anno [[1200]] a senatu Islandico [[Althingi]] ''sanctus'' appellatus est, id quod papa numquam confirmavit. Tamen Sanctus Ionas custos est ecclesiae Catholicae in Islandia, diem suae missae habens [[3 Martii]]. In Norvegia quoque sanctus veneratur, suam missam habens die [[23 Aprilis]]. Exstat etiam ''Jóns saga Hólabiskups'' ([[Lingua Latina|Latine]] fere ''Ionae historia episcopi Holensis''), qua continetur narratio de eius vita et operibus necnon de humanitate illius temporis. == Bibliographia == *Gunnar Karlsson (2000). ''Iceland's 1100 Years : History of a Marginal Society''. Londinii: C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 1-85065-420-4. *[http://visindavefur.hi.is/svar.asp?id=3546 Unnar Árnason: ''Hver var Jón Ögmundsson?''] ("Quis fuit Ioannes Egmundi filius?" - Islandice) *Peter Foote (ed.): ''Biskupasögur'' 1, Rvík 2003. *Páll Eggert Ólason: ''Íslenskar æviskrár'' III, Reykjavík 1950 *Árni Daníel Júlíusson, Jón Ólafur Ísberg et al. (red.): ''Íslenskur söguatlas'' 1, Iðunn, Rvík 1991 *''Saga Biskupsstólanna.'' Hólar 2006. == Nexus interni == * [[Episcopi Holenses]] ==Nexus externi== {{fontes biographici}} == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Nati 1052]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1121]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Holenses]] 150vcqf68n32a30pzbjw7137j6p911q 0 214643 3695793 3603497 2022-08-02T18:57:38Z Petrus Tectander 55452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Gissurus Isleifi filius'''<ref>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=urFBAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=Gissurus+Isleifi+filius&source=bl&ots=CS6rMq48OL&sig=ACfU3U2bb1tc0EKAMzYbsnVnlj6mjA2VVg&hl=la&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj59unOvMTuAhUGxYsKHXOWDHIQ6AEwAXoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Gissurus%20Isleifi%20filius&f=false ''Annales Islandici'', Hafniae, 1847, p. 40].</ref> ([[Islandice]] ''Gissur Ísleifsson'', natus anno [[1042]], mortuus anno [[1118]]) fuit [[clericus|clericus]] [[Islandia|Islandicus]] et [[episcopus]] [[Scalholtum|Scalholtensis]]. Parentes eius fuerunt [[Isleifus Gissuri filius]], pariter episcopus Scalholtensis, et Dalla Thorvaldi filia. Steinunnam Thorgrimi filiam in matrimonium duxit; coniuges in fundo Hof in sinu Vopnafiordensi<ref>Thormodus Torfaeus: ''Historia Rergum Norvegicarum'', tom. 2, Hafniae 1711, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Rerum_Norvegicarum_historiographi_et_in/bTwVAAAAQAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=Vopnafiordensis&pg=PA146&printsec=frontcover p. 146]</ref> sito habitaverunt. Gissurus iuvenis in [[Saxonia]]m missus est studiorum gratia et iam adulescens [[sacerdos]] factus est. Saepe iter in [[Europa|Continentem]] fecit; etiam Romam venit [[papa]]m [[Gregorius VII|Gregorium VII]] salutatum, a quo [[episcopatus|episcopatum]] petivit, patre mortuo. Papa eum [[Magdeburgum]] misit, ubi anno [[1082]] episcopus factus est. Cum rediisset in Islandiam, Scalholti vixit et scholam tenuit, sicut pater. ==Notae== <references /> == Bibliographia == *Orri Vésteinsson: ''The Christianization of Iceland. Priests, Power, and Social Change 1000-1300''. Ex officina typographica Universitatis Oxoniensis, Oxoniae 2000. *''Saga Biskupsstólanna''. Holis 2006. == Nexus interni == * [[Episcopi Scalholtenses]] == Nexus externi == * [http://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/ugm/skindex/bisk.html Biskupa Sögur: ''Index litterarum mediaevalium''] {{ling|Islandice}} * [http://is.wikisource.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslendingab%C3%B3k Wikisource: ''Íslendingabók''] {{ling|Islandice}} * [http://www.archive.org/stream/hungurvakasiveh00lagoog#page/n6/mode/1up ''Hungrvaka''], cap. 5 de Gissuro {{ling|Latine}} [[Categoria:Nati 1042]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1118]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Scalholtenses]] 0z4d9yp4xv2vfos31m48vkxn66xl30q 3695794 3695793 2022-08-02T19:06:46Z Petrus Tectander 55452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Gissurus Isleifi filius'''<ref>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=urFBAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=Gissurus+Isleifi+filius&source=bl&ots=CS6rMq48OL&sig=ACfU3U2bb1tc0EKAMzYbsnVnlj6mjA2VVg&hl=la&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj59unOvMTuAhUGxYsKHXOWDHIQ6AEwAXoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Gissurus%20Isleifi%20filius&f=false ''Annales Islandici'', Hafniae, 1847, p. 40].</ref> ([[Islandice]] ''Gissur Ísleifsson'', natus anno [[1042]], mortuus anno [[1118]]) fuit [[clericus|clericus]] [[Islandia|Islandicus]] et [[episcopus]] [[Scalholtum|Scalholtensis]]. Parentes eius fuerunt [[Isleifus Gissuri filius]], pariter episcopus Scalholtensis, et Dalla Thorvaldi filia. Steinunnam Thorgrimi filiam in matrimonium duxit; coniuges in fundo Hof in sinu Vopnafiordensi<ref>Thormodus Torfaeus: ''Historia Regum Norvegicarum'', tom. 2, Hafniae 1711, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Rerum_Norvegicarum_historiographi_et_in/bTwVAAAAQAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=Vopnafiordensis&pg=PA146&printsec=frontcover p. 146]</ref> sito habitaverunt. Gissurus iuvenis in [[Saxonia]]m missus est studiorum gratia et iam adulescens [[sacerdos]] factus est. Saepe iter in [[Europa|Continentem]] fecit; etiam Romam venit [[papa]]m [[Gregorius VII|Gregorium VII]] salutatum, a quo [[episcopatus|episcopatum]] petivit, patre mortuo. Papa eum [[Magdeburgum]] misit, ubi anno [[1082]] episcopus factus est. Cum rediisset in Islandiam, Scalholti vixit et scholam tenuit, sicut pater. ==Notae== <references /> == Bibliographia == *Orri Vésteinsson: ''The Christianization of Iceland. Priests, Power, and Social Change 1000-1300''. Ex officina typographica Universitatis Oxoniensis, Oxoniae 2000. *''Saga Biskupsstólanna''. Holis 2006. == Nexus interni == * [[Episcopi Scalholtenses]] == Nexus externi == * [http://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/ugm/skindex/bisk.html Biskupa Sögur: ''Index litterarum mediaevalium''] {{ling|Islandice}} * [http://is.wikisource.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslendingab%C3%B3k Wikisource: ''Íslendingabók''] {{ling|Islandice}} * [http://www.archive.org/stream/hungurvakasiveh00lagoog#page/n6/mode/1up ''Hungrvaka''], cap. 5 de Gissuro {{ling|Latine}} [[Categoria:Nati 1042]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1118]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Scalholtenses]] ks39xmygl6ebiszd76z6c8pww715p5p 3695795 3695794 2022-08-02T19:07:20Z Petrus Tectander 55452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Gissurus Isleifi filius'''<ref>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=urFBAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=Gissurus+Isleifi+filius&source=bl&ots=CS6rMq48OL&sig=ACfU3U2bb1tc0EKAMzYbsnVnlj6mjA2VVg&hl=la&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj59unOvMTuAhUGxYsKHXOWDHIQ6AEwAXoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Gissurus%20Isleifi%20filius&f=false ''Annales Islandici'', Hafniae, 1847, p. 40].</ref> ([[Islandice]] ''Gissur Ísleifsson'', natus anno [[1042]], mortuus anno [[1118]]) fuit [[clericus|clericus]] [[Islandia|Islandicus]] et [[episcopus]] [[Scalholtum|Scalholtensis]]. Parentes eius fuerunt [[Isleifus Gissuri filius]], pariter episcopus Scalholtensis, et Dalla Thorvaldi filia. Steinunnam Thorgrimi filiam in matrimonium duxit; coniuges in fundo Hof in sinu Vopnafiordensi<ref>Thormodus Torfaeus: ''Historia Rerum Norvegicarum'', tom. 2, Hafniae 1711, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Rerum_Norvegicarum_historiographi_et_in/bTwVAAAAQAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=Vopnafiordensis&pg=PA146&printsec=frontcover p. 146]</ref> sito habitaverunt. Gissurus iuvenis in [[Saxonia]]m missus est studiorum gratia et iam adulescens [[sacerdos]] factus est. Saepe iter in [[Europa|Continentem]] fecit; etiam Romam venit [[papa]]m [[Gregorius VII|Gregorium VII]] salutatum, a quo [[episcopatus|episcopatum]] petivit, patre mortuo. Papa eum [[Magdeburgum]] misit, ubi anno [[1082]] episcopus factus est. Cum rediisset in Islandiam, Scalholti vixit et scholam tenuit, sicut pater. ==Notae== <references /> == Bibliographia == *Orri Vésteinsson: ''The Christianization of Iceland. Priests, Power, and Social Change 1000-1300''. Ex officina typographica Universitatis Oxoniensis, Oxoniae 2000. *''Saga Biskupsstólanna''. Holis 2006. == Nexus interni == * [[Episcopi Scalholtenses]] == Nexus externi == * [http://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/ugm/skindex/bisk.html Biskupa Sögur: ''Index litterarum mediaevalium''] {{ling|Islandice}} * [http://is.wikisource.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslendingab%C3%B3k Wikisource: ''Íslendingabók''] {{ling|Islandice}} * [http://www.archive.org/stream/hungurvakasiveh00lagoog#page/n6/mode/1up ''Hungrvaka''], cap. 5 de Gissuro {{ling|Latine}} [[Categoria:Nati 1042]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1118]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Scalholtenses]] pkib10roat3xi13r5j8atmlioydqhss 0 214659 3695825 3603555 2022-08-02T20:42:06Z Petrus Tectander 55452 Conatus emendationis wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Breidabolstadur 2.jpg|thumb|Ecclesia Breidabolstadensis.]] '''Breidabolstadus'''<ref>Attestatio nominis Latini in [https://archive.org/stream/Islenzkirannalar000197461v0IsleReyk/Islenzkirannalar000197461v0IsleReyk_orig#page/n419/mode/2up/search/Breidabolstadus+ Annalibus Islandicis], p. 357 et 365.</ref> ([[Islandice]] ''Breiðabólstaður'') est fundus Fliotshlidae<ref>''Historia Niali et filiorum, Latine reddita.'' Hafniae 1809, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Historia_Niali_et_filiorum_Latina_reddit/58xSAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=niali+historia+fliotshlida&pg=PR7&printsec=frontcover variis paginis.]</ref> in australi [[Islandia]] situs. Iamdudum ibi ecclesia est, in qua multi [[sacerdos|sacerdotes]] clarissimi operam dederunt, ex quibus nonnulli postea etiam [[episcopus|episcopi]] evaserunt. [[Ormus Ioannis filius]], qui saepe ''Breidabolstadensis''<ref name=":0" /> appellatus est, filius Ioannis Lofti filii, ibi habitavit. Cuius soror, Hallveiga Ormi filia, quoque ibi vixit cum marito, Biörne Thorvaldi filio<ref name=":0">''Scripta historica Islandorum'', tom. 12, Hafniae 1846, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Scripta_historica_Islandorum_de_rebus_ge/ShUHERng00IC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=biorn+thorvaldi+filius&pg=PA22&printsec=frontcover p. 22]</ref> Breidabolstadensi (vel Haukadalensi<ref>Sveinbjörn Egilsson (ed.): ''Edda Snorra Sturlusonar. Edda Snorronis Sturlaei.'' Tom. 3, Hafniae 1880-87, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365811/3/346/Edda_Snorra_Sturlusonar#page/n345/mode/2up/search/haukadalensis p. 213]</ref>), fratre consanguineo Gissuris Thorvaldi filii. Biörn Breidabolstadi die [[17 Iunii]] [[1221]] Oddveriorum<ref>''Historia Niali et filiorum, Latine reddita.'' Hafniae 1809, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Nials_Saga/QVA_AAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=oddverii&pg=PA385&printsec=frontcover p. 385: ''Oddverii''.]</ref> impetu occisus est. [[Ionas Ogmundi filius]], primus episcopus [[Hola|Holensis]], et Ogmundus Pauli filius (mortuus anno [[1541]]) Breidabolstadi sacerdotes fuerant, antequam episcopi facti sunt. Alii sacerdotes Breidabolstadenses fuerunt Hognius Sigurdi filius, Skulius Gislai filius, qui et fabularum collector fuit, et [[Thomas Saemundi filius]], is qui acta diurna nomine ''Fjölnir'' edidit et monumentum Breidabolstadi habet. Prima ecclesia Breidabolstadensis [[saeculum 11|saeculo 11]] aedificata est; ea autem, quae nunc est, anno [[1912]] consecrata est. Quam [[Rognvaldus Olai filius]] delineavit. == Bibliographia == *Oddgeir Guðjónsson: ''Fljótshlíð''. Sunnlenskar byggðir IV, Búnaðarsamband Suðurlands 1982. *Vigfús Guðmundsson: ''Breiðabólstaður í Fljótshlíð'', Reykiavicae 1969. == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Ecclesiae Islandiae]] mcgnkjb7jj26dsymj09n9k9mmc1ru8a 3695827 3695825 2022-08-02T20:46:55Z Petrus Tectander 55452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Breidabolstadur 2.jpg|thumb|Ecclesia Breidabolstadensis.]] '''Breidabolstadus'''<ref>Attestatio nominis Latini in [https://archive.org/stream/Islenzkirannalar000197461v0IsleReyk/Islenzkirannalar000197461v0IsleReyk_orig#page/n419/mode/2up/search/Breidabolstadus+ Annalibus Islandicis], p. 357 et 365.</ref> ([[Islandice]] ''Breiðabólstaður'') est fundus Fliotshlidae<ref>''Historia Niali et filiorum, Latine reddita.'' Hafniae 1809, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Historia_Niali_et_filiorum_Latina_reddit/58xSAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=niali+historia+fliotshlida&pg=PR7&printsec=frontcover variis paginis.]</ref> in australi [[Islandia]] situs. Iamdudum ibi ecclesia est, in qua multi [[sacerdos|sacerdotes]] clarissimi operam dederunt, ex quibus nonnulli postea etiam [[episcopus|episcopi]] evaserunt. [[Ormus Ioannis filius]] Breidabolstadi habitavit, qua de causa saepe ''Breidabolstadensis''<ref name=":0" /> appellatus est. Cuius filia Hallveiga quoque ibi vixit cum marito Biörne Thorvaldi filio<ref name=":0">''Scripta historica Islandorum'', tom. 12, Hafniae 1846, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Scripta_historica_Islandorum_de_rebus_ge/ShUHERng00IC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=biorn+thorvaldi+filius&pg=PA22&printsec=frontcover p. 22]</ref> Haukadalensi<ref>Sveinbjörn Egilsson (ed.): ''Edda Snorra Sturlusonar. Edda Snorronis Sturlaei.'' Tom. 3, Hafniae 1880-87, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365811/3/346/Edda_Snorra_Sturlusonar#page/n345/mode/2up/search/haukadalensis p. 213]</ref>, fratre consanguineo Gissuris Thorvaldi filii. Biörn Breidabolstadi die [[17 Iunii]] [[1221]] Oddveriorum<ref>''Historia Niali et filiorum, Latine reddita.'' Hafniae 1809, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Nials_Saga/QVA_AAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=oddverii&pg=PA385&printsec=frontcover p. 385: ''Oddverii''.]</ref> impetu occisus est. [[Ionas Ogmundi filius]], primus episcopus [[Hola|Holensis]], et Ogmundus Pauli filius (mortuus anno [[1541]]) Breidabolstadi sacerdotes fuerant, antequam episcopi facti sunt. Alii sacerdotes Breidabolstadenses fuerunt Hognius Sigurdi filius, Skulius Gislai filius, qui et fabularum collector fuit, et [[Thomas Saemundi filius]], is qui acta diurna nomine ''Fjölnir'' edidit et monumentum Breidabolstadi habet. Prima ecclesia Breidabolstadensis [[saeculum 11|saeculo 11]] aedificata est; ea autem, quae nunc est, anno [[1912]] consecrata est. Quam [[Rognvaldus Olai filius]] delineavit. == Bibliographia == *Oddgeir Guðjónsson: ''Fljótshlíð''. Sunnlenskar byggðir IV, Búnaðarsamband Suðurlands 1982. *Vigfús Guðmundsson: ''Breiðabólstaður í Fljótshlíð'', Reykiavicae 1969. == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Ecclesiae Islandiae]] 9zz6o80gihbk0om7846yimst59g7v76 3695835 3695827 2022-08-02T21:23:03Z Petrus Tectander 55452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Breidabolstadur 2.jpg|thumb|Ecclesia Breidabolstadensis.]] '''Breidabolstadus'''<ref>Attestatio nominis Latini in [https://archive.org/stream/Islenzkirannalar000197461v0IsleReyk/Islenzkirannalar000197461v0IsleReyk_orig#page/n419/mode/2up/search/Breidabolstadus+ Annalibus Islandicis], p. 357 et 365.</ref> ([[Islandice]] ''Breiðabólstaður'') est fundus Fliotshlidae<ref>''Historia Niali et filiorum, Latine reddita.'' Hafniae 1809, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Historia_Niali_et_filiorum_Latina_reddit/58xSAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=niali+historia+fliotshlida&pg=PR7&printsec=frontcover variis paginis.]</ref> in australi [[Islandia]] situs. Iamdudum ibi ecclesia est, in qua multi [[sacerdos|sacerdotes]] clarissimi operam dederunt, ex quibus nonnulli postea etiam [[episcopus|episcopi]] evaserunt. [[Ormus Ioannis filius]] Breidabolstadi habitavit, qua de causa saepe ''Breidabolstadensis''<ref name=":0" /> appellatus est. Cuius filia Hallveiga quoque ibi vixit cum marito Biörne Thorvaldi filio<ref name=":0">''Scripta historica Islandorum'', tom. 12, Hafniae 1846, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Scripta_historica_Islandorum_de_rebus_ge/ShUHERng00IC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=biorn+thorvaldi+filius&pg=PA22&printsec=frontcover p. 22]</ref> Haukadalensi<ref>Sveinbjörn Egilsson (ed.): ''Edda Snorra Sturlusonar. Edda Snorronis Sturlaei.'' Tom. 3, Hafniae 1880-87, [https://baekur.is/bok/000365811/3/346/Edda_Snorra_Sturlusonar#page/n345/mode/2up/search/haukadalensis p. 213]</ref>, fratre consanguineo Gissuris Thorvaldi filii. Biörn Breidabolstadi die [[17 Iunii]] [[1221]] Oddveriorum<ref>''Historia Niali et filiorum, Latine reddita.'' Hafniae 1809, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Nials_Saga/QVA_AAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=oddverii&pg=PA385&printsec=frontcover p. 385: ''Oddverii''.]</ref> impetu occisus est. [[Ionas Ogmundi filius]], primus episcopus [[Hola|Holensis]], et Ogmundus Pauli filius (mortuus anno [[1541]]) Breidabolstadi sacerdotes fuerant, antequam episcopi facti sunt. Alii sacerdotes Breidabolstadenses fuerunt Hognius Sigurdi filius, Skulius Gislai filius, qui et fabularum collector fuit, et [[Thomas Saemundi filius]], is qui acta diurna nomine ''Fjölnir'' edidit et monumentum Breidabolstadi habet. Prima ecclesia Breidabolstadensis [[saeculum 11|saeculo 11]] aedificata est; ea autem, quae nunc est, anno [[1912]] consecrata est. Quam [[Rognvaldus Olai filius]] delineaverat. == Bibliographia == *Oddgeir Guðjónsson: ''Fljótshlíð''. Sunnlenskar byggðir IV, Búnaðarsamband Suðurlands 1982. *Vigfús Guðmundsson: ''Breiðabólstaður í Fljótshlíð'', Reykiavicae 1969. == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Ecclesiae Islandiae]] hab0ypa2b4s7o3v360ict93phqi8gv8 14 214810 3695796 2740968 2022-08-02T19:10:45Z Petrus Tectander 55452 Petrus Tectander movit paginam [[Categoria:Episcopi Holae]] ad [[Categoria:Episcopi Holenses]]: Holae -> Holenses wikitext text/x-wiki {{Homines hac in categoria secundum annum ultimum vitae}} [[Categoria:Episcopi Islandiae]] idxjgc7cfb9wuvoktk2o2zbakzmimsv 0 215270 3695826 2748060 2022-08-02T20:42:14Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 /* Regnum */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Philip V of Macedon BM.jpg|thumb|Philippus V rex Macedonum]] '''Philippus V''' (Graece: ''Φίλιππος'', natus anno [[238 a.C.n.]], mortuus [[179 a.C.n.]]) ab anno [[221 a.C.n.]] rex [[Macedonia antiqua|Macedonum]] fuit. == Gens == Pater eius [[Demetrios II (rex Macedonum)|Demetrius II]] rex Macedonum fuit. Filius eius [[Perses (Macedonum rex)|Perses]] ei post mortem rex successit. == Regnum == Post mortem patri pro Philippo non iam adulto [[Antigonus III (rex Macedonum)|Antigonus III]] regnum administravit. Anno 221 a.C.n. postremo Philippus V regnum suscepit. Anno [[215 a.C.n.|215]] foedus cum [[Hannibal]]e signavit et contra [[Imperium Romanum|Romanos]] in [[Secundum Bellum Punicum]] iniit. Sed victus est et anno [[205 a.C.n.|205]] pacem cum Romanis fecit. Annis [[200 a.C.n.|200]] - [[197 a.C.n.|197]] bellum contra Romanos renovavit et apud [[Cynoscephalarum pugna|Cynoscephalas]] a [[Titus Quinctius Flamininus|T. Quinctio Flaminino]] victus est. Tum demum Philippus auctoritatem Romanorum agnovit. == Bibliographia == * {{DNP|9|803|805|Ph.V.|[[Ernestus Badian]]}} [[Categoria:Reges Macedonum]] [[Categoria:Antigonidae]] [[Categoria:Nati 238 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Mortui 179 a.C.n.]] sxoxmo270md31liar00rqedo5eoamc2 0 216928 3695798 3426009 2022-08-02T19:33:25Z LilyKitty 18316 de statu praesidis Argentariae primariae Europaeae wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Christina Lagarde''', nomine pleno natali ''Christine Madeleine Odette Lallouette'' ([[Lutetia]]e nata die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1956]]) est politica internationalis. Filia est praeceptorum [[Robertus Lallouette|Roberti Lallouette]] professoris [[lingua Anglica|Anglicitatis]] apud [[lyceum Francisci I (Franciscopolis)|lyceum Francisci I]]<ref>"[https://www.lycee-francois1er.fr/les-anciens Les Anciens célèbres] apud [[lyceum Francisci I (Franciscopolis)|lyceum Francisci I]]</ref> [[Franciscopolis (Francia)|Franciscopoli]] in urbe [[Francia]]e et Nicolae Carré magistrae Latinitatis e [[Villa nova Avenionensis|Villa nova Avenionensi]] oriundae.<ref>"[https://www.midilibre.fr/2014/10/21/christine-lagarde-se-promene-en-famille-dans-les-rues-de-villeneuve-les-avignon,1069399.php Christine Lagarde se promène en famille dans les rues de Villeneuve-lès-Avignon]" in ''Midi libre'' (22 Octobris 2014)</ref> Christina ergo, Franciscopoli educata, lycea Francisci I et [[lyceum Claudii Monet|Claudii Monet]] frequentavit. Alumna est [[Universitas Parisiensis X|Universitatis Parisiensis X]] et [[Institutum Scientium Politicarum Aquissextiense|Instituti Scientium Politicarum Aquissextiensis]]. Ter administravit in rectionibus Francicis: minister pro commercio et industria ab [[2 Iunii]] [[2005]] ad [[15 Maii]] [[2007]], primo ministro [[Dominicus de Villepin|Dominico de Villepin]]; inde usque ad diem [[18 Iunii]] [[2007]] minister pro agricultura, sed mox ad diem [[29 Iunii]] [[2011]] minister vectigalium, primo ministro [[Franciscus Fillon|Francisco Fillon]]. Deinde munus suscepit directoris gerentis [[Aerarium Monetarium Internationale|Aerarii Monetarii Internationalis]], successor [[Dominicus Strauss-Kahn|Dominico Strauss-Kahn]]. Et ab anno [[2019]], praeses [[Argentaria primaria Europaea|Augentariae primariae Europeae]] est. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Darling, Lagarde, Geithner (IMF 2009).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Alexander Darling]] (ad sinistram partem), Christina Lagarde, [[Timotheus Geithner]] Constantinopoli anno 2009 picti]] * "[http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2016/07/04/christine-lagarde-il-faut-un-immense-courage-politique-a-la-zone-euro_4963099_3234.html Christine Lagarde : « Il faut un immense courage politique à la zone euro »]" in ''[[Le Monde]]'' (4 Iulii 2016) * Jon Henley, "[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/26/profile-christine-lagarde-imf-greek-crisis-negotiations Christine Lagarde, IMF chief with a key role in the Greek debt talks - profile]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (26 Iunii 2015) * Phillip Inman, "[https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/jul/03/share-prices-rally-at-lagardes-nomination-as-ecb-president Share prices rally at Lagarde’s nomination as ECB president]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (3 Iulii 2019) == Nexus externi == * {{CIDOB|https://www.cidob.org/biografias_lideres_politicos/europa/francia/christine_lagarde|Christine Lagarde}} {{Rectores Fundi monetarii internationalis}} {{Praesides Argentariae primariae Europaeae}} {{Rectio Villepin}} {{Rectiones Fillon}} {{Ministri Agriculturae Francici}} {{Ministri Oeconomiae Francici}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lagarde, Christina}} [[Categoria:Politici Franciae]] [[Categoria:Argentarii Franciae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1956]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] [[Categoria:Alumni universitatum et scholarum Parisiensium]] [[Categoria:Alumni Instituti Scientiarum Politicarum Aquissextiensis]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Fundus monetarius internationalis]] [[Categoria:Alumni Lycei Francisci I (Franciscopolis)]] 45igplmeof00uchknuca5ky1i52y5b3 0 232343 3695848 3683619 2022-08-03T01:13:29Z 87.88.173.235 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Risitas.jpg |thumb|upright=1.2|Issou: [[castellum]].]] [[Fasciculus:Risitas.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Issou: communis tabula.]] '''Issou''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 4455 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Evelinae (praefectura Franciae)|Evelinarum]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Evelinarum|Indicem communium praefecturae Evelinarum]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Issou|Issou}} {{fontes geographici}} * [http://www.issou.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|78314|de=Issou}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=17654 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Evelinarum]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Evelinarum]] oxuyxvrnm2bc9yrmyhuno33tj5opwsl 3695849 3695848 2022-08-03T01:39:31Z Досвітній морок 141000 Abrogans recensionem 3695848 ab usore [[User:87.88.173.235|87.88.173.235]] ([[User talk:87.88.173.235|Disputatio]] | [[Special:Contributions/87.88.173.235|conlationes]]): cross-wiki vandalism wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ch%C3%A2teau-Issou08.jpg |thumb|upright=1.2|Issou: [[castellum]].]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 78314.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Issou: communis tabula.]] '''Issou''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 4455 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Evelinae (praefectura Franciae)|Evelinarum]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Evelinarum|Indicem communium praefecturae Evelinarum]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Issou|Issou}} {{fontes geographici}} * [http://www.issou.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|78314|de=Issou}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=17654 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Evelinarum]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Evelinarum]] amih4dcz44i8a49lwc0pb2l2lp7sgtu 3695864 3695849 2022-08-03T11:53:55Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ch%C3%A2teau-Issou08.jpg |thumb|upright=1.2|[[Castellum]] apud Issou.]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 78314.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula.]] '''Issou''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 4455 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Evelinae (praefectura Franciae)|Evelinarum]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Evelinarum]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Issou|Issou}} {{fontes geographici}} * [http://www.issou.fr/ Huius communis situs interretialis.] * {{INSEE commune|78314|de=Issou}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=17654 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr.] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Evelinarum]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Evelinarum]] kk8kek6m7d7x5o1arno9767vzbia67r 0 262547 3695767 3695557 2022-08-02T16:58:01Z Dioskorides 69497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Minden-1641-Merian.jpg|thumb|Prospectus '''Mindae''' anno 1641 a [[Matthaeus Merianus Senior|Matthaeo Meriano seniore]] excusus]] '''Minda''' (sive ''Mimida'' vel ''Mimda'', ''Mimthum'', ''Mimidona'', ''Mindina'', ''Mindona'';<ref>[https://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orbis-latinus Orbis Latinus (1972)]</ref> [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]]: ''Minden'') est urbs [[Germania|Germanica]] in [[Rhenania Septentrionalis-Vestfalia|Rhenania Septentrionali-Vestfalia]] sita et caput [[circulus (iurisdictio)#Germania|circuli]] Mindensis [[Lübbecke|Luebbeckensis]]<nowiki>que</nowiki> (''Minden-Lübbecke''). == Geographia == Minda in regione australi planitiei Germanicae septentrionalis ad duas ripas [[Visurgis]] fluminis prope [[Porta Westfalica|Portam Westfalicam]] sita, urbis limes meridionalis sicut limes naturalis ad dorsum [[Mons Wiehen|Montis Wiehen]] decretum est. In Monte Wiehen [[Iurassicum|iurassico]] [[Aevum geologicum|aevo geologica]] orto ''Wiehenvenator'' (vulgo ''monstrum Mindense'') novum genus animalium repertum fuit in territorio Mindensi.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Switek |first1=Brian |title=Paleo Profile: The Monster of Minden |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/laelaps/paleo-profile-the-monster-of-minden/ |website=Scientific American |access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> [[Canalis mediterraneus]] media fere urbe super Visurgem traducitur. In cataracta fossali ([[Terminus technicus|terminus technicus]] Theodisce: ''Schachtschleuse'') naves a canale ad Visurgem descendere et a flumine ad canalem ascendere possunt. [[Clima]] regionis Mindensis est Cfb in [[enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger|enumeratione Köppen–Geiger]], id est clima oceanicum. Sunt [[vegetatio]] potentialis [[silva]]e mixtae cum [[fagus|fagis]] [[carpinus|carpinis]]que, in parte septentrionali cum [[quercus|quercis]] [[betula|betulisque]], sed hodie silvae naturales ibique cum forestis oeconomicis substitutae sunt.<ref>Werner Trautmann ''Erläuterungen zur Karte der potentiellen natürlichen Vegetation der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1:200000 Blatt 85 Minden'' (= ''Schriften für Vegetationskunde.'' Heft 1). Bundesanstalt für Vegetationskunde, Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege. Bad Godesberg 1966.</ref> Silvae fere sex centesimas faciei urbis tegunt, sed quinquaginta centesimas fere agri prata pascuaeque.<ref>{{cite web |last1=''Information und Technik Nordrhein-Westfalen'' |first1=Officium statisticum civitatis Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia |title=Kommunalprofil Minden |url=https://www.it.nrw/sites/default/files/kommunalprofile/l05770024.pdf |website=www.it.nrw |access-date=20 January 2022}} p.3</ref> == Res gestae == [[Fasciculus:A Mindener Dom Westwerk 2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Cathedralis]] ''Mindensis'']] [[Fasciculus:MI - Rathaus.jpg|thumb|[[Curia municipalis|Curia]] vetus; arcus e saeculo XIII, [[tabulatum]] superior constructio moderna post supremum bellum]] [[Fasciculus:Plattegrond van Minden Minda saxoniae inferioris ad Vi (..) (titel op object), RP-P-OB-116.280.jpg|thumb|Mappa '''Mindae''' a [[Venceslaus Hollar|Venceslao Hollar]] (1657)]] [[Fasciculus:Bahnhof Mi - 3.jpg|thumb|Statio ferriviaria Mindense cum insignibus [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]] (sinister) ac Mindae (dexter)]] Anno 798 in [[Annales regni Francorum|annalibus regni Francorum]] Minda primum nominata est.<ref>[https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/annalesregnifrancorum.html Annales Regni Francorum DCCXCVIII]</ref> Minda ab anno fere 800 usque ad annum 1648 sedes [[Episcopus|episcopi]] erat. A fundatione episcopatus complures [[Cathedralis|cathedrales]] aedificatae sunt; aedificium hodiernum cum [[Navis (architectura)|nave]] longa, nave transversa atque choro cum [[Apsis (architectura)|apside]] in genere [[Ars Gothica|gothico]], [[Opus occidentale|opere occidentali]] autem in genere [[Ars Romanica|romanico]] post disturbationem in [[Secundum bellum mundanum|secundo bello mundano]] reaedificatum est. [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henricus Leo]], dux [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvicensis]], anno 1168 in cathedrali Mindensi uxorem ducit Mathildam, filiam [[Henricus II (rex Angliae)|Henrici II]] regis Angliae. Anno 977 [[Otto II (imperator)|Otto II]] [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium|sacri Romani imperii]] imperator episcopo Mindensi monetae et telonei macellique publici ius concessit.<ref>[[Monumenta Germaniae historica]]: [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_dd_o_ii__dd_o_iii/index.htm#page/165/mode/1up Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae. Tomi. II. Pars Prior. Ottonis II Diplomata]. no. 147. Hannoverae 1888.</ref><ref>Hans Nordsiek: [https://sammlungen.ulb.uni-muenster.de/hd/download/pdf/4624978?originalFilename=true ''Die Regalienverleihung an die Mindener Kirche im Jahre 977 und die Entwicklung Mindens von der Marktsiedlung zur Stadt.''] In: ''Mitteilungen des Mindener Geschichtsvereins.'' Jg. 49 (1977), S.&nbsp;13–34.</ref> A saeculo XIII Minda [[Hansa|ligae hanseaticae]] sociata fuit. [[Cardinalis]] [[Nicolaus Cusanus]] cum [[legatus Pontificius]] pro [[Provincia ecclesiastica|provincias ecclesiasticas]] visitando anno 1451 in Germania versaretur, una [[septimana]] Mindae in conventu [[Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum|Dominicanae]] Sancti Pauli resedit. Anno 1530 [[reformatio]] ecclesiae [[Lutheranismus|ritu lutherano]] in urbem introducta est, sed cathedralem secundum decretum [[Pax Westphalica|pacis westphaliae]] usque ad hodie in propietate [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] est. Ad finem [[bellum triginta annorum|belli triginta annorum]] [[principatus Mindensis]], capite Minda, anno 1648 [[Marchia Brandenburgensis|principatui electorali Brandenburgensi]] adiunctus est. Post [[Pax Tilsae (1807)|Pacem Tilsam]] quartum [[Bella Coalitionum|bellum coalitionum]] finirentem regio Mindense [[regnum Westphaliae]] adiuncta anno 1807 et partem [[Primum Imperium Francicum|primi Imperii Francici]] ab anno 1811, anno 1813 imperium Borussicum integratum fuit. Ab anno 1816 Minda caput et [[Provincia administrativa|provinciae administrativae]] Mindensis et [[Circulus (iurisdictio)|circuli]] Mindensis in [[provincia]] [[Westfalia]] Borussica erat. Minda ab [[Saeculum 16|saeculo XVI]] urbs munita cum vallis fossisque erat. Nihilo minus urbs compluries a copiis alienis occupata fuit: in bello triginta annorum a copiis [[Suecia|Sueciis]] de 1634 usque 1650, a copiis [[Francia|Francicis]] et in [[Bellum Septem Annorum|bello septem annorum]] anno 1758 et in quarto bello coalitionum anno 1806. In [[Proelium apud Mindam|proelio apud Mindam]] copiae Borussicae Britanniaeque foederatae cum alteriis sociis Francicias [[Electoratus Saxonia|Saxoniasque]] copias ad Kalendas Sextilis anno 1759 debellaverunt. Sub imperio Borussica complures aedificia militaria munita sunt. Munimentum in [[Saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]] dilatato atque solidato post [[bellum Germano-Francicum]] demolita fuit. Deinde urbs dilatabat, [[industria]] [[commeatus]]que crescebant. Iam ab anno 1847 Minda cum [[Ferrivia|ferriviis]] ''Colonia-Mindensi'' atque ''Hannoverensi regali'' coniuncta est, ex eodem anno [[statio ferriviaria]] Mindensis. Posterius alterae ferriviariae via Nienburgo ad [[Hamburgum]] [[Brema]]mque et via [[Osnabruga]] in [[Nederlandia|Batavia]]m effectae sunt. In [[Primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] castrum pro [[Bello captus|bello captivis]] ad marginem urbis occidentalem collocabatur, ibi plus quam viginti quinque milia captivi ex nationibus compluribus capti erant. In septembri 1917 [[nuntius apostolicus]] [[Eugenius Pacelli]] hoc castrum visitavit.<ref>[http://www.pacelli-edition.de/en/document.html?idno=482 Relatio nuntialis no. 482]</ref> Ad finem [[Res Publica Vimariana|Rei Publicae Vimarianae]] sicut in alteris urbibus Mindae [[Factio operaria socialistarum nationalium Germanica|factio nazistica]] in [[comitia|comitiis]] maioritatem obtinuit. In [[Imperium Germanicum (1933-1945)|Tertio Imperio]] ab anno 1933 multi cives ob opinionem religionem originemque persecuti fuerunt. Nisi emigrati cives [[Iudaei|Iudaeici]] postea deportati, eorum plurimi aut in [[Ghectum|ghectis]] aut in [[Castra carceralia|castris carceralibus]] occisi fuerunt. In secundo bello mundano [[Classis aeria|classes aeriam]] Alligatarum occidentalium in compluribus procellis nonnullas partes urbis deleverunt. Anno 1945 initio mensis Aprilis copiae [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americanum]] et [[Canada]]e in regionem Mindensem profiscebantur. Exercitus Germanicus cum pontes trans Visurgiam canalemque ducendes atque aquaeductum canalis secundum [[Adolfus Hitler|Adolfi Hitler]] tyranni iussum nomine vulgo [[Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus|decretum Nero]]nensem sparserat, ad orientem detraxit. Bello terminato imperium ad [[Britanniarum regnum]] translatum fuit, quod zona sua praesidiarium ex compluribus urbis regionis Mindenis administrabat. Copiae Britannicae omnes aedificia militaria Mindensia usque ad earum decessionem anno 1994 retinebant, qua de causa militia foederalis Germanica novum [[castrum]] militare ab anno 1959 Mindae obtinet. Consilium [[Oeconomica|rerum oeconomicarum]] in zona Britannica praesideria ([[Anglice]] "Economic Council for the British Occupation Zone") pro administratione commercii anno 1946 Mindae fundatum, secundo anno ut concilium bizonale ad [[Francofurtum ad Moenum]] translocatum fuit. Cum anno 1947 civitates [[Lippiensis ager|Lippe]] et [[Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia]] adunatae fuerunt sedes administrationis provinciae e Minda ad [[Detmolda]]m caput Lippiensem translata fuit. Anno 1973 kalendiis Ianuariis tredecimae communes circumiectae ad urbem Mindam adiunctae fuerunt, quare incolarum numerus oppido crevit et area eius triplicata fuit. == Res municipiales == ===Numerus incolarum=== Minda plus quam octoginta milia incolae habet, sed non omnes cives Germaniae. Decimo plus parte populationis{{dubsig}} praecipue ex civitatibus [[Asia]]e et [[Europa Orientalis|Europae Orientalis]] [[immigratio|advenae]] sunt. === Religio === Plurimi incolae [[Christianismus|Christiani]] sunt, praecipue [[Ecclesia Lutherana|Ecclesiae Lutheranae]]; pars incolarum [[Musulmanus|musulmanorum]] crescit. === Administratio === [[Demarchus]] et [[consilium urbanum]] ab incolis pro tempore quinquennali eligatae urbem communiter administrabant. Ius eligendo non solum civibus Mindensibus sed etiam civibus [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europae]] Mindae incolentibus minimo sexto decimo aetate est. === Urbis symboli === ==== Insigne ==== [[Fasciculus:Flagge Minden.svg|thumb|150px|Vexillum Mindense]] Urbis [[insigne]] duas in partes verticaliter divisum est: dimidia pars dextra (in visu heraldico) [[Aquila (signum)|aquila]]m biceptem coronatam imperialem nigram in recessu aureo, altera pars claves [[Petrus|Petri]] decussatae albae in recessu rubro monstrat. ==== Vexillum ==== Urbis [[vexillum]] bicolore colores [[Hansa|hanseaticas]] monstrat: superior rubra pars, alba inferior. ==== Sententiola ==== Minda [[Sententiola praeconialis|sententiolam praeconialem]] in lingua Latina habet: ''Ius et aequitas civitatum vincula''. == Commeatus == Mindae viae foederales 61 in directione meridionali et 65 in directione occidento-orientali conveniunt; tres pontes Visurgam. In parva distantia [[autovia]]e 2 et 30 pervaderi possunt in urbibus finitimis australibus. [[Ferrivia]]e coniungunt Mindam cum [[Metropolis|metropolibus]] [[Hannovera]] et [[Berolinum]] in oriente atque [[Colonia Agrippina]] et [[Amstelodamum]] in occidente sicuti [[Hamburgum]] et [[Brema]] in septentrione. Portus ad [[Mare Germanicum|Marem Germanicum]] per canalem mediterranem et alteras canales fluviasque pervadentur. In portu Mindense apud canalem vectura cum tramininibus autocinetis navibusque oneraria cum vectura intermodalis nexa est. == Incolae notabiles == === Ibi nati === * [[Fridericus Gulielmus Bessel]], astronomus, mathematicus, physicus * [[Franciscus Boas]], anthropologus et ethnologus * [[Sabina Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger]], politica * [[Hermannus de Mallinckrodt]], politicus === Alteri === * [[Carolus Fridericus de Dacheröden]], peritus * [[Ioannes Bell]], politicus, discipulus Mindae * [[Henricus Starke]], politicus == Bibliographia == * Hermannus de Lerbeke [[Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum|O.P.]]: ''Catalogus episcoporum Mindensium.'' * {{cite book |last1= |first1= |title=Minden. Zeugen und Zeugnisse seiner städtebaulichen Entwicklung |date=1979 |publisher=J.C.C. Bruns |location=Minda |edition=Urbs Minda}} == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Minden|Mindam}} {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Urbes Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae]] [[Categoria:Urbes hanseaticae]] fn1kiebs6t07tlltwnky6np6y1oocfu 3695768 3695767 2022-08-02T17:00:26Z Dioskorides 69497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Minden-1641-Merian.jpg|thumb|Prospectus '''Mindae''' anno 1641 a [[Matthaeus Merianus Senior|Matthaeo Meriano seniore]] excusus]] '''Minda''' (sive ''Mimida'' vel ''Mimda'', ''Mimthum'', ''Mimidona'', ''Mindina'', ''Mindona'';<ref>[https://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orbis-latinus Orbis Latinus (1972)]</ref> [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]]: ''Minden'') est urbs [[Germania|Germanica]] in [[Rhenania Septentrionalis-Vestfalia|Rhenania Septentrionali-Vestfalia]] sita et caput [[circulus (iurisdictio)#Germania|circuli]] Mindensis [[Lübbecke|Luebbeckensis]]<nowiki>que</nowiki> (''Minden-Lübbecke''). == Geographia == Minda in regione australi planitiei Germanicae septentrionalis ad duas ripas [[Visurgis]] fluminis prope [[Porta Westfalica|Portam Westfalicam]] sita, urbis limes meridionalis sicut limes naturalis ad dorsum [[Mons Wiehen|Montis Wiehen]] decretum est. In Monte Wiehen [[Iurassicum|iurassico]] [[Aevum geologicum|aevo geologica]] orto ''Wiehenvenator'' (vulgo ''monstrum Mindense'') novum genus animalium repertum fuit in territorio Mindensi.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Switek |first1=Brian |title=Paleo Profile: The Monster of Minden |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/laelaps/paleo-profile-the-monster-of-minden/ |website=Scientific American |access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> [[Canalis mediterraneus]] media fere urbe super Visurgem traducitur. In cataracta fossali ([[Terminus technicus|terminus technicus]] Theodisce: ''Schachtschleuse'') naves a canale ad Visurgem descendere et a flumine ad canalem ascendere possunt. [[Clima]] regionis Mindensis est Cfb in [[enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger|enumeratione Köppen–Geiger]], id est clima oceanicum. Sunt [[vegetatio]] potentialis [[silva]]e mixtae cum [[fagus|fagis]] [[carpinus|carpinis]]que, in parte septentrionali cum [[quercus|quercis]] [[betula|betulisque]], sed hodie silvae naturales ibique cum forestis oeconomicis substitutae sunt.<ref>Werner Trautmann ''Erläuterungen zur Karte der potentiellen natürlichen Vegetation der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1:200000 Blatt 85 Minden'' (= ''Schriften für Vegetationskunde.'' Heft 1). Bundesanstalt für Vegetationskunde, Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege. Bad Godesberg 1966.</ref> Silvae fere sex centesimas faciei urbis tegunt, sed quinquaginta centesimas fere agri prata pascuaeque.<ref>{{cite web |last1=''Information und Technik Nordrhein-Westfalen'' |first1=Officium statisticum civitatis Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia |title=Kommunalprofil Minden |url=https://www.it.nrw/sites/default/files/kommunalprofile/l05770024.pdf |website=www.it.nrw |access-date=20 January 2022}} p.3</ref> == Res gestae == [[Fasciculus:A Mindener Dom Westwerk 2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Cathedralis]] ''Mindensis'']] [[Fasciculus:Plattegrond van Minden Minda saxoniae inferioris ad Vi (..) (titel op object), RP-P-OB-116.280.jpg|thumb|Mappa '''Mindae''' a [[Venceslaus Hollar|Venceslao Hollar]] (1657)]] Anno 798 in [[Annales regni Francorum|annalibus regni Francorum]] Minda primum nominata est.<ref>[https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/annalesregnifrancorum.html Annales Regni Francorum DCCXCVIII]</ref> Minda ab anno fere 800 usque ad annum 1648 sedes [[Episcopus|episcopi]] erat. A fundatione episcopatus complures [[Cathedralis|cathedrales]] aedificatae sunt; aedificium hodiernum cum [[Navis (architectura)|nave]] longa, nave transversa atque choro cum [[Apsis (architectura)|apside]] in genere [[Ars Gothica|gothico]], [[Opus occidentale|opere occidentali]] autem in genere [[Ars Romanica|romanico]] post disturbationem in [[Secundum bellum mundanum|secundo bello mundano]] reaedificatum est. [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henricus Leo]], dux [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvicensis]], anno 1168 in cathedrali Mindensi uxorem ducit Mathildam, filiam [[Henricus II (rex Angliae)|Henrici II]] regis Angliae. Anno 977 [[Otto II (imperator)|Otto II]] [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium|sacri Romani imperii]] imperator episcopo Mindensi monetae et telonei macellique publici ius concessit.<ref>[[Monumenta Germaniae historica]]: [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_dd_o_ii__dd_o_iii/index.htm#page/165/mode/1up Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae. Tomi. II. Pars Prior. Ottonis II Diplomata]. no. 147. Hannoverae 1888.</ref><ref>Hans Nordsiek: [https://sammlungen.ulb.uni-muenster.de/hd/download/pdf/4624978?originalFilename=true ''Die Regalienverleihung an die Mindener Kirche im Jahre 977 und die Entwicklung Mindens von der Marktsiedlung zur Stadt.''] In: ''Mitteilungen des Mindener Geschichtsvereins.'' Jg. 49 (1977), S.&nbsp;13–34.</ref> A saeculo XIII Minda [[Hansa|ligae hanseaticae]] sociata fuit. [[Cardinalis]] [[Nicolaus Cusanus]] cum [[legatus Pontificius]] pro [[Provincia ecclesiastica|provincias ecclesiasticas]] visitando anno 1451 in Germania versaretur, una [[septimana]] Mindae in conventu [[Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum|Dominicanae]] Sancti Pauli resedit. Anno 1530 [[reformatio]] ecclesiae [[Lutheranismus|ritu lutherano]] in urbem introducta est, sed cathedralem secundum decretum [[Pax Westphalica|pacis westphaliae]] usque ad hodie in propietate [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] est. Ad finem [[bellum triginta annorum|belli triginta annorum]] [[principatus Mindensis]], capite Minda, anno 1648 [[Marchia Brandenburgensis|principatui electorali Brandenburgensi]] adiunctus est. Post [[Pax Tilsae (1807)|Pacem Tilsam]] quartum [[Bella Coalitionum|bellum coalitionum]] finirentem regio Mindense [[regnum Westphaliae]] adiuncta anno 1807 et partem [[Primum Imperium Francicum|primi Imperii Francici]] ab anno 1811, anno 1813 imperium Borussicum integratum fuit. Ab anno 1816 Minda caput et [[Provincia administrativa|provinciae administrativae]] Mindensis et [[Circulus (iurisdictio)|circuli]] Mindensis in [[provincia]] [[Westfalia]] Borussica erat. Minda ab [[Saeculum 16|saeculo XVI]] urbs munita cum vallis fossisque erat. Nihilo minus urbs compluries a copiis alienis occupata fuit: in bello triginta annorum a copiis [[Suecia|Sueciis]] de 1634 usque 1650, a copiis [[Francia|Francicis]] et in [[Bellum Septem Annorum|bello septem annorum]] anno 1758 et in quarto bello coalitionum anno 1806. In [[Proelium apud Mindam|proelio apud Mindam]] copiae Borussicae Britanniaeque foederatae cum alteriis sociis Francicias [[Electoratus Saxonia|Saxoniasque]] copias ad Kalendas Sextilis anno 1759 debellaverunt. Sub imperio Borussica complures aedificia militaria munita sunt. Munimentum in [[Saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]] dilatato atque solidato post [[bellum Germano-Francicum]] demolita fuit. Deinde urbs dilatabat, [[industria]] [[commeatus]]que crescebant. Iam ab anno 1847 Minda cum [[Ferrivia|ferriviis]] ''Colonia-Mindensi'' atque ''Hannoverensi regali'' coniuncta est, ex eodem anno [[statio ferriviaria]] Mindensis. Posterius alterae ferriviariae via Nienburgo ad [[Hamburgum]] [[Brema]]mque et via [[Osnabruga]] in [[Nederlandia|Batavia]]m effectae sunt. In [[Primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] castrum pro [[Bello captus|bello captivis]] ad marginem urbis occidentalem collocabatur, ibi plus quam viginti quinque milia captivi ex nationibus compluribus capti erant. In septembri 1917 [[nuntius apostolicus]] [[Eugenius Pacelli]] hoc castrum visitavit.<ref>[http://www.pacelli-edition.de/en/document.html?idno=482 Relatio nuntialis no. 482]</ref> Ad finem [[Res Publica Vimariana|Rei Publicae Vimarianae]] sicut in alteris urbibus Mindae [[Factio operaria socialistarum nationalium Germanica|factio nazistica]] in [[comitia|comitiis]] maioritatem obtinuit. In [[Imperium Germanicum (1933-1945)|Tertio Imperio]] ab anno 1933 multi cives ob opinionem religionem originemque persecuti fuerunt. Nisi emigrati cives [[Iudaei|Iudaeici]] postea deportati, eorum plurimi aut in [[Ghectum|ghectis]] aut in [[Castra carceralia|castris carceralibus]] occisi fuerunt. In secundo bello mundano [[Classis aeria|classes aeriam]] Alligatarum occidentalium in compluribus procellis nonnullas partes urbis deleverunt. Anno 1945 initio mensis Aprilis copiae [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americanum]] et [[Canada]]e in regionem Mindensem profiscebantur. Exercitus Germanicus cum pontes trans Visurgiam canalemque ducendes atque aquaeductum canalis secundum [[Adolfus Hitler|Adolfi Hitler]] tyranni iussum nomine vulgo [[Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus|decretum Nero]]nensem sparserat, ad orientem detraxit. Bello terminato imperium ad [[Britanniarum regnum]] translatum fuit, quod zona sua praesidiarium ex compluribus urbis regionis Mindenis administrabat. Copiae Britannicae omnes aedificia militaria Mindensia usque ad earum decessionem anno 1994 retinebant, qua de causa militia foederalis Germanica novum [[castrum]] militare ab anno 1959 Mindae obtinet. Consilium [[Oeconomica|rerum oeconomicarum]] in zona Britannica praesideria ([[Anglice]] "Economic Council for the British Occupation Zone") pro administratione commercii anno 1946 Mindae fundatum, secundo anno ut concilium bizonale ad [[Francofurtum ad Moenum]] translocatum fuit. Cum anno 1947 civitates [[Lippiensis ager|Lippe]] et [[Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia]] adunatae fuerunt sedes administrationis provinciae e Minda ad [[Detmolda]]m caput Lippiensem translata fuit. Anno 1973 kalendiis Ianuariis tredecimae communes circumiectae ad urbem Mindam adiunctae fuerunt, quare incolarum numerus oppido crevit et area eius triplicata fuit. == Res municipiales == [[Fasciculus:MI - Rathaus.jpg|thumb|[[Curia municipalis|Curia]] vetus; arcus e saeculo XIII, [[tabulatum]] superior constructio moderna post supremum bellum]] ===Numerus incolarum=== Minda plus quam octoginta milia incolae habet, sed non omnes cives Germaniae. Decimo plus parte populationis{{dubsig}} praecipue ex civitatibus [[Asia]]e et [[Europa Orientalis|Europae Orientalis]] [[immigratio|advenae]] sunt. === Religio === Plurimi incolae [[Christianismus|Christiani]] sunt, praecipue [[Ecclesia Lutherana|Ecclesiae Lutheranae]]; pars incolarum [[Musulmanus|musulmanorum]] crescit. === Administratio === [[Demarchus]] et [[consilium urbanum]] ab incolis pro tempore quinquennali eligatae urbem communiter administrabant. Ius eligendo non solum civibus Mindensibus sed etiam civibus [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europae]] Mindae incolentibus minimo sexto decimo aetate est. === Urbis symboli === ==== Insigne ==== [[Fasciculus:Flagge Minden.svg|thumb|150px|Vexillum Mindense]] Urbis [[insigne]] duas in partes verticaliter divisum est: dimidia pars dextra (in visu heraldico) [[Aquila (signum)|aquila]]m biceptem coronatam imperialem nigram in recessu aureo, altera pars claves [[Petrus|Petri]] decussatae albae in recessu rubro monstrat. ==== Vexillum ==== Urbis [[vexillum]] bicolore colores [[Hansa|hanseaticas]] monstrat: superior rubra pars, alba inferior. ==== Sententiola ==== Minda [[Sententiola praeconialis|sententiolam praeconialem]] in lingua Latina habet: ''Ius et aequitas civitatum vincula''. == Commeatus == [[Fasciculus:Bahnhof Mi - 3.jpg|thumb|Statio ferriviaria Mindense cum insignibus [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]] (sinister) ac Mindae (dexter)]] Mindae viae foederales 61 in directione meridionali et 65 in directione occidento-orientali conveniunt; tres pontes Visurgam. In parva distantia [[autovia]]e 2 et 30 pervaderi possunt in urbibus finitimis australibus. [[Ferrivia]]e coniungunt Mindam cum [[Metropolis|metropolibus]] [[Hannovera]] et [[Berolinum]] in oriente atque [[Colonia Agrippina]] et [[Amstelodamum]] in occidente sicuti [[Hamburgum]] et [[Brema]] in septentrione. Portus ad [[Mare Germanicum|Marem Germanicum]] per canalem mediterranem et alteras canales fluviasque pervadentur. In portu Mindense apud canalem vectura cum tramininibus autocinetis navibusque oneraria cum vectura intermodalis nexa est. == Incolae notabiles == === Ibi nati === * [[Fridericus Gulielmus Bessel]], astronomus, mathematicus, physicus * [[Franciscus Boas]], anthropologus et ethnologus * [[Sabina Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger]], politica * [[Hermannus de Mallinckrodt]], politicus === Alteri === * [[Carolus Fridericus de Dacheröden]], peritus * [[Ioannes Bell]], politicus, discipulus Mindae * [[Henricus Starke]], politicus == Bibliographia == * Hermannus de Lerbeke [[Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum|O.P.]]: ''Catalogus episcoporum Mindensium.'' * {{cite book |last1= |first1= |title=Minden. Zeugen und Zeugnisse seiner städtebaulichen Entwicklung |date=1979 |publisher=J.C.C. Bruns |location=Minda |edition=Urbs Minda}} == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Minden|Mindam}} {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Urbes Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae]] [[Categoria:Urbes hanseaticae]] d7s26t2s1lilxblo5kx3zi0h7m70wzm 3695769 3695768 2022-08-02T17:02:09Z Dioskorides 69497 /* Incolae notabiles */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Minden-1641-Merian.jpg|thumb|Prospectus '''Mindae''' anno 1641 a [[Matthaeus Merianus Senior|Matthaeo Meriano seniore]] excusus]] '''Minda''' (sive ''Mimida'' vel ''Mimda'', ''Mimthum'', ''Mimidona'', ''Mindina'', ''Mindona'';<ref>[https://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orbis-latinus Orbis Latinus (1972)]</ref> [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]]: ''Minden'') est urbs [[Germania|Germanica]] in [[Rhenania Septentrionalis-Vestfalia|Rhenania Septentrionali-Vestfalia]] sita et caput [[circulus (iurisdictio)#Germania|circuli]] Mindensis [[Lübbecke|Luebbeckensis]]<nowiki>que</nowiki> (''Minden-Lübbecke''). == Geographia == Minda in regione australi planitiei Germanicae septentrionalis ad duas ripas [[Visurgis]] fluminis prope [[Porta Westfalica|Portam Westfalicam]] sita, urbis limes meridionalis sicut limes naturalis ad dorsum [[Mons Wiehen|Montis Wiehen]] decretum est. In Monte Wiehen [[Iurassicum|iurassico]] [[Aevum geologicum|aevo geologica]] orto ''Wiehenvenator'' (vulgo ''monstrum Mindense'') novum genus animalium repertum fuit in territorio Mindensi.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Switek |first1=Brian |title=Paleo Profile: The Monster of Minden |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/laelaps/paleo-profile-the-monster-of-minden/ |website=Scientific American |access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> [[Canalis mediterraneus]] media fere urbe super Visurgem traducitur. In cataracta fossali ([[Terminus technicus|terminus technicus]] Theodisce: ''Schachtschleuse'') naves a canale ad Visurgem descendere et a flumine ad canalem ascendere possunt. [[Clima]] regionis Mindensis est Cfb in [[enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger|enumeratione Köppen–Geiger]], id est clima oceanicum. Sunt [[vegetatio]] potentialis [[silva]]e mixtae cum [[fagus|fagis]] [[carpinus|carpinis]]que, in parte septentrionali cum [[quercus|quercis]] [[betula|betulisque]], sed hodie silvae naturales ibique cum forestis oeconomicis substitutae sunt.<ref>Werner Trautmann ''Erläuterungen zur Karte der potentiellen natürlichen Vegetation der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1:200000 Blatt 85 Minden'' (= ''Schriften für Vegetationskunde.'' Heft 1). Bundesanstalt für Vegetationskunde, Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege. Bad Godesberg 1966.</ref> Silvae fere sex centesimas faciei urbis tegunt, sed quinquaginta centesimas fere agri prata pascuaeque.<ref>{{cite web |last1=''Information und Technik Nordrhein-Westfalen'' |first1=Officium statisticum civitatis Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia |title=Kommunalprofil Minden |url=https://www.it.nrw/sites/default/files/kommunalprofile/l05770024.pdf |website=www.it.nrw |access-date=20 January 2022}} p.3</ref> == Res gestae == [[Fasciculus:A Mindener Dom Westwerk 2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Cathedralis]] ''Mindensis'']] [[Fasciculus:Plattegrond van Minden Minda saxoniae inferioris ad Vi (..) (titel op object), RP-P-OB-116.280.jpg|thumb|Mappa '''Mindae''' a [[Venceslaus Hollar|Venceslao Hollar]] (1657)]] Anno 798 in [[Annales regni Francorum|annalibus regni Francorum]] Minda primum nominata est.<ref>[https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/annalesregnifrancorum.html Annales Regni Francorum DCCXCVIII]</ref> Minda ab anno fere 800 usque ad annum 1648 sedes [[Episcopus|episcopi]] erat. A fundatione episcopatus complures [[Cathedralis|cathedrales]] aedificatae sunt; aedificium hodiernum cum [[Navis (architectura)|nave]] longa, nave transversa atque choro cum [[Apsis (architectura)|apside]] in genere [[Ars Gothica|gothico]], [[Opus occidentale|opere occidentali]] autem in genere [[Ars Romanica|romanico]] post disturbationem in [[Secundum bellum mundanum|secundo bello mundano]] reaedificatum est. [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henricus Leo]], dux [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvicensis]], anno 1168 in cathedrali Mindensi uxorem ducit Mathildam, filiam [[Henricus II (rex Angliae)|Henrici II]] regis Angliae. Anno 977 [[Otto II (imperator)|Otto II]] [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium|sacri Romani imperii]] imperator episcopo Mindensi monetae et telonei macellique publici ius concessit.<ref>[[Monumenta Germaniae historica]]: [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_dd_o_ii__dd_o_iii/index.htm#page/165/mode/1up Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae. Tomi. II. Pars Prior. Ottonis II Diplomata]. no. 147. Hannoverae 1888.</ref><ref>Hans Nordsiek: [https://sammlungen.ulb.uni-muenster.de/hd/download/pdf/4624978?originalFilename=true ''Die Regalienverleihung an die Mindener Kirche im Jahre 977 und die Entwicklung Mindens von der Marktsiedlung zur Stadt.''] In: ''Mitteilungen des Mindener Geschichtsvereins.'' Jg. 49 (1977), S.&nbsp;13–34.</ref> A saeculo XIII Minda [[Hansa|ligae hanseaticae]] sociata fuit. [[Cardinalis]] [[Nicolaus Cusanus]] cum [[legatus Pontificius]] pro [[Provincia ecclesiastica|provincias ecclesiasticas]] visitando anno 1451 in Germania versaretur, una [[septimana]] Mindae in conventu [[Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum|Dominicanae]] Sancti Pauli resedit. Anno 1530 [[reformatio]] ecclesiae [[Lutheranismus|ritu lutherano]] in urbem introducta est, sed cathedralem secundum decretum [[Pax Westphalica|pacis westphaliae]] usque ad hodie in propietate [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] est. Ad finem [[bellum triginta annorum|belli triginta annorum]] [[principatus Mindensis]], capite Minda, anno 1648 [[Marchia Brandenburgensis|principatui electorali Brandenburgensi]] adiunctus est. Post [[Pax Tilsae (1807)|Pacem Tilsam]] quartum [[Bella Coalitionum|bellum coalitionum]] finirentem regio Mindense [[regnum Westphaliae]] adiuncta anno 1807 et partem [[Primum Imperium Francicum|primi Imperii Francici]] ab anno 1811, anno 1813 imperium Borussicum integratum fuit. Ab anno 1816 Minda caput et [[Provincia administrativa|provinciae administrativae]] Mindensis et [[Circulus (iurisdictio)|circuli]] Mindensis in [[provincia]] [[Westfalia]] Borussica erat. Minda ab [[Saeculum 16|saeculo XVI]] urbs munita cum vallis fossisque erat. Nihilo minus urbs compluries a copiis alienis occupata fuit: in bello triginta annorum a copiis [[Suecia|Sueciis]] de 1634 usque 1650, a copiis [[Francia|Francicis]] et in [[Bellum Septem Annorum|bello septem annorum]] anno 1758 et in quarto bello coalitionum anno 1806. In [[Proelium apud Mindam|proelio apud Mindam]] copiae Borussicae Britanniaeque foederatae cum alteriis sociis Francicias [[Electoratus Saxonia|Saxoniasque]] copias ad Kalendas Sextilis anno 1759 debellaverunt. Sub imperio Borussica complures aedificia militaria munita sunt. Munimentum in [[Saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]] dilatato atque solidato post [[bellum Germano-Francicum]] demolita fuit. Deinde urbs dilatabat, [[industria]] [[commeatus]]que crescebant. Iam ab anno 1847 Minda cum [[Ferrivia|ferriviis]] ''Colonia-Mindensi'' atque ''Hannoverensi regali'' coniuncta est, ex eodem anno [[statio ferriviaria]] Mindensis. Posterius alterae ferriviariae via Nienburgo ad [[Hamburgum]] [[Brema]]mque et via [[Osnabruga]] in [[Nederlandia|Batavia]]m effectae sunt. In [[Primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] castrum pro [[Bello captus|bello captivis]] ad marginem urbis occidentalem collocabatur, ibi plus quam viginti quinque milia captivi ex nationibus compluribus capti erant. In septembri 1917 [[nuntius apostolicus]] [[Eugenius Pacelli]] hoc castrum visitavit.<ref>[http://www.pacelli-edition.de/en/document.html?idno=482 Relatio nuntialis no. 482]</ref> Ad finem [[Res Publica Vimariana|Rei Publicae Vimarianae]] sicut in alteris urbibus Mindae [[Factio operaria socialistarum nationalium Germanica|factio nazistica]] in [[comitia|comitiis]] maioritatem obtinuit. In [[Imperium Germanicum (1933-1945)|Tertio Imperio]] ab anno 1933 multi cives ob opinionem religionem originemque persecuti fuerunt. Nisi emigrati cives [[Iudaei|Iudaeici]] postea deportati, eorum plurimi aut in [[Ghectum|ghectis]] aut in [[Castra carceralia|castris carceralibus]] occisi fuerunt. In secundo bello mundano [[Classis aeria|classes aeriam]] Alligatarum occidentalium in compluribus procellis nonnullas partes urbis deleverunt. Anno 1945 initio mensis Aprilis copiae [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americanum]] et [[Canada]]e in regionem Mindensem profiscebantur. Exercitus Germanicus cum pontes trans Visurgiam canalemque ducendes atque aquaeductum canalis secundum [[Adolfus Hitler|Adolfi Hitler]] tyranni iussum nomine vulgo [[Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus|decretum Nero]]nensem sparserat, ad orientem detraxit. Bello terminato imperium ad [[Britanniarum regnum]] translatum fuit, quod zona sua praesidiarium ex compluribus urbis regionis Mindenis administrabat. Copiae Britannicae omnes aedificia militaria Mindensia usque ad earum decessionem anno 1994 retinebant, qua de causa militia foederalis Germanica novum [[castrum]] militare ab anno 1959 Mindae obtinet. Consilium [[Oeconomica|rerum oeconomicarum]] in zona Britannica praesideria ([[Anglice]] "Economic Council for the British Occupation Zone") pro administratione commercii anno 1946 Mindae fundatum, secundo anno ut concilium bizonale ad [[Francofurtum ad Moenum]] translocatum fuit. Cum anno 1947 civitates [[Lippiensis ager|Lippe]] et [[Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia]] adunatae fuerunt sedes administrationis provinciae e Minda ad [[Detmolda]]m caput Lippiensem translata fuit. Anno 1973 kalendiis Ianuariis tredecimae communes circumiectae ad urbem Mindam adiunctae fuerunt, quare incolarum numerus oppido crevit et area eius triplicata fuit. == Res municipiales == [[Fasciculus:MI - Rathaus.jpg|thumb|[[Curia municipalis|Curia]] vetus; arcus e saeculo XIII, [[tabulatum]] superior constructio moderna post supremum bellum]] ===Numerus incolarum=== Minda plus quam octoginta milia incolae habet, sed non omnes cives Germaniae. Decimo plus parte populationis{{dubsig}} praecipue ex civitatibus [[Asia]]e et [[Europa Orientalis|Europae Orientalis]] [[immigratio|advenae]] sunt. === Religio === Plurimi incolae [[Christianismus|Christiani]] sunt, praecipue [[Ecclesia Lutherana|Ecclesiae Lutheranae]]; pars incolarum [[Musulmanus|musulmanorum]] crescit. === Administratio === [[Demarchus]] et [[consilium urbanum]] ab incolis pro tempore quinquennali eligatae urbem communiter administrabant. Ius eligendo non solum civibus Mindensibus sed etiam civibus [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europae]] Mindae incolentibus minimo sexto decimo aetate est. === Urbis symboli === ==== Insigne ==== [[Fasciculus:Flagge Minden.svg|thumb|150px|Vexillum Mindense]] Urbis [[insigne]] duas in partes verticaliter divisum est: dimidia pars dextra (in visu heraldico) [[Aquila (signum)|aquila]]m biceptem coronatam imperialem nigram in recessu aureo, altera pars claves [[Petrus|Petri]] decussatae albae in recessu rubro monstrat. ==== Vexillum ==== Urbis [[vexillum]] bicolore colores [[Hansa|hanseaticas]] monstrat: superior rubra pars, alba inferior. ==== Sententiola ==== Minda [[Sententiola praeconialis|sententiolam praeconialem]] in lingua Latina habet: ''Ius et aequitas civitatum vincula''. == Commeatus == [[Fasciculus:Bahnhof Mi - 3.jpg|thumb|Statio ferriviaria Mindense cum insignibus [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]] (sinister) ac Mindae (dexter)]] Mindae viae foederales 61 in directione meridionali et 65 in directione occidento-orientali conveniunt; tres pontes Visurgam. In parva distantia [[autovia]]e 2 et 30 pervaderi possunt in urbibus finitimis australibus. [[Ferrivia]]e coniungunt Mindam cum [[Metropolis|metropolibus]] [[Hannovera]] et [[Berolinum]] in oriente atque [[Colonia Agrippina]] et [[Amstelodamum]] in occidente sicuti [[Hamburgum]] et [[Brema]] in septentrione. Portus ad [[Mare Germanicum|Marem Germanicum]] per canalem mediterranem et alteras canales fluviasque pervadentur. In portu Mindense apud canalem vectura cum tramininibus autocinetis navibusque oneraria cum vectura intermodalis nexa est. == Incolae notabiles == === Ibi nati === * [[Fridericus Gulielmus Bessel]] (1784–1846), astronomus, mathematicus, physicus * [[Hermannus de Mallinckrodt]] (1821–1874), politicus * [[Franciscus Boas]] (1858–1942), anthropologus et ethnologus * [[Sabina Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger]] (1951– ), politica === Alteri === * [[Carolus Fridericus de Dacheröden]], peritus * [[Ioannes Bell]], politicus, discipulus Mindae * [[Henricus Starke]], politicus == Bibliographia == * Hermannus de Lerbeke [[Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum|O.P.]]: ''Catalogus episcoporum Mindensium.'' * {{cite book |last1= |first1= |title=Minden. Zeugen und Zeugnisse seiner städtebaulichen Entwicklung |date=1979 |publisher=J.C.C. Bruns |location=Minda |edition=Urbs Minda}} == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Minden|Mindam}} {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Urbes Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae]] [[Categoria:Urbes hanseaticae]] 68f7yzoxu1z93ya1fqzuxdckzil5efs 3695770 3695769 2022-08-02T17:03:37Z Dioskorides 69497 /* Alteri */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Minden-1641-Merian.jpg|thumb|Prospectus '''Mindae''' anno 1641 a [[Matthaeus Merianus Senior|Matthaeo Meriano seniore]] excusus]] '''Minda''' (sive ''Mimida'' vel ''Mimda'', ''Mimthum'', ''Mimidona'', ''Mindina'', ''Mindona'';<ref>[https://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orbis-latinus Orbis Latinus (1972)]</ref> [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]]: ''Minden'') est urbs [[Germania|Germanica]] in [[Rhenania Septentrionalis-Vestfalia|Rhenania Septentrionali-Vestfalia]] sita et caput [[circulus (iurisdictio)#Germania|circuli]] Mindensis [[Lübbecke|Luebbeckensis]]<nowiki>que</nowiki> (''Minden-Lübbecke''). == Geographia == Minda in regione australi planitiei Germanicae septentrionalis ad duas ripas [[Visurgis]] fluminis prope [[Porta Westfalica|Portam Westfalicam]] sita, urbis limes meridionalis sicut limes naturalis ad dorsum [[Mons Wiehen|Montis Wiehen]] decretum est. In Monte Wiehen [[Iurassicum|iurassico]] [[Aevum geologicum|aevo geologica]] orto ''Wiehenvenator'' (vulgo ''monstrum Mindense'') novum genus animalium repertum fuit in territorio Mindensi.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Switek |first1=Brian |title=Paleo Profile: The Monster of Minden |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/laelaps/paleo-profile-the-monster-of-minden/ |website=Scientific American |access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> [[Canalis mediterraneus]] media fere urbe super Visurgem traducitur. In cataracta fossali ([[Terminus technicus|terminus technicus]] Theodisce: ''Schachtschleuse'') naves a canale ad Visurgem descendere et a flumine ad canalem ascendere possunt. [[Clima]] regionis Mindensis est Cfb in [[enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger|enumeratione Köppen–Geiger]], id est clima oceanicum. Sunt [[vegetatio]] potentialis [[silva]]e mixtae cum [[fagus|fagis]] [[carpinus|carpinis]]que, in parte septentrionali cum [[quercus|quercis]] [[betula|betulisque]], sed hodie silvae naturales ibique cum forestis oeconomicis substitutae sunt.<ref>Werner Trautmann ''Erläuterungen zur Karte der potentiellen natürlichen Vegetation der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1:200000 Blatt 85 Minden'' (= ''Schriften für Vegetationskunde.'' Heft 1). Bundesanstalt für Vegetationskunde, Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege. Bad Godesberg 1966.</ref> Silvae fere sex centesimas faciei urbis tegunt, sed quinquaginta centesimas fere agri prata pascuaeque.<ref>{{cite web |last1=''Information und Technik Nordrhein-Westfalen'' |first1=Officium statisticum civitatis Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia |title=Kommunalprofil Minden |url=https://www.it.nrw/sites/default/files/kommunalprofile/l05770024.pdf |website=www.it.nrw |access-date=20 January 2022}} p.3</ref> == Res gestae == [[Fasciculus:A Mindener Dom Westwerk 2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Cathedralis]] ''Mindensis'']] [[Fasciculus:Plattegrond van Minden Minda saxoniae inferioris ad Vi (..) (titel op object), RP-P-OB-116.280.jpg|thumb|Mappa '''Mindae''' a [[Venceslaus Hollar|Venceslao Hollar]] (1657)]] Anno 798 in [[Annales regni Francorum|annalibus regni Francorum]] Minda primum nominata est.<ref>[https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/annalesregnifrancorum.html Annales Regni Francorum DCCXCVIII]</ref> Minda ab anno fere 800 usque ad annum 1648 sedes [[Episcopus|episcopi]] erat. A fundatione episcopatus complures [[Cathedralis|cathedrales]] aedificatae sunt; aedificium hodiernum cum [[Navis (architectura)|nave]] longa, nave transversa atque choro cum [[Apsis (architectura)|apside]] in genere [[Ars Gothica|gothico]], [[Opus occidentale|opere occidentali]] autem in genere [[Ars Romanica|romanico]] post disturbationem in [[Secundum bellum mundanum|secundo bello mundano]] reaedificatum est. [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henricus Leo]], dux [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvicensis]], anno 1168 in cathedrali Mindensi uxorem ducit Mathildam, filiam [[Henricus II (rex Angliae)|Henrici II]] regis Angliae. Anno 977 [[Otto II (imperator)|Otto II]] [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium|sacri Romani imperii]] imperator episcopo Mindensi monetae et telonei macellique publici ius concessit.<ref>[[Monumenta Germaniae historica]]: [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_dd_o_ii__dd_o_iii/index.htm#page/165/mode/1up Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae. Tomi. II. Pars Prior. Ottonis II Diplomata]. no. 147. Hannoverae 1888.</ref><ref>Hans Nordsiek: [https://sammlungen.ulb.uni-muenster.de/hd/download/pdf/4624978?originalFilename=true ''Die Regalienverleihung an die Mindener Kirche im Jahre 977 und die Entwicklung Mindens von der Marktsiedlung zur Stadt.''] In: ''Mitteilungen des Mindener Geschichtsvereins.'' Jg. 49 (1977), S.&nbsp;13–34.</ref> A saeculo XIII Minda [[Hansa|ligae hanseaticae]] sociata fuit. [[Cardinalis]] [[Nicolaus Cusanus]] cum [[legatus Pontificius]] pro [[Provincia ecclesiastica|provincias ecclesiasticas]] visitando anno 1451 in Germania versaretur, una [[septimana]] Mindae in conventu [[Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum|Dominicanae]] Sancti Pauli resedit. Anno 1530 [[reformatio]] ecclesiae [[Lutheranismus|ritu lutherano]] in urbem introducta est, sed cathedralem secundum decretum [[Pax Westphalica|pacis westphaliae]] usque ad hodie in propietate [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] est. Ad finem [[bellum triginta annorum|belli triginta annorum]] [[principatus Mindensis]], capite Minda, anno 1648 [[Marchia Brandenburgensis|principatui electorali Brandenburgensi]] adiunctus est. Post [[Pax Tilsae (1807)|Pacem Tilsam]] quartum [[Bella Coalitionum|bellum coalitionum]] finirentem regio Mindense [[regnum Westphaliae]] adiuncta anno 1807 et partem [[Primum Imperium Francicum|primi Imperii Francici]] ab anno 1811, anno 1813 imperium Borussicum integratum fuit. Ab anno 1816 Minda caput et [[Provincia administrativa|provinciae administrativae]] Mindensis et [[Circulus (iurisdictio)|circuli]] Mindensis in [[provincia]] [[Westfalia]] Borussica erat. Minda ab [[Saeculum 16|saeculo XVI]] urbs munita cum vallis fossisque erat. Nihilo minus urbs compluries a copiis alienis occupata fuit: in bello triginta annorum a copiis [[Suecia|Sueciis]] de 1634 usque 1650, a copiis [[Francia|Francicis]] et in [[Bellum Septem Annorum|bello septem annorum]] anno 1758 et in quarto bello coalitionum anno 1806. In [[Proelium apud Mindam|proelio apud Mindam]] copiae Borussicae Britanniaeque foederatae cum alteriis sociis Francicias [[Electoratus Saxonia|Saxoniasque]] copias ad Kalendas Sextilis anno 1759 debellaverunt. Sub imperio Borussica complures aedificia militaria munita sunt. Munimentum in [[Saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]] dilatato atque solidato post [[bellum Germano-Francicum]] demolita fuit. Deinde urbs dilatabat, [[industria]] [[commeatus]]que crescebant. Iam ab anno 1847 Minda cum [[Ferrivia|ferriviis]] ''Colonia-Mindensi'' atque ''Hannoverensi regali'' coniuncta est, ex eodem anno [[statio ferriviaria]] Mindensis. Posterius alterae ferriviariae via Nienburgo ad [[Hamburgum]] [[Brema]]mque et via [[Osnabruga]] in [[Nederlandia|Batavia]]m effectae sunt. In [[Primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] castrum pro [[Bello captus|bello captivis]] ad marginem urbis occidentalem collocabatur, ibi plus quam viginti quinque milia captivi ex nationibus compluribus capti erant. In septembri 1917 [[nuntius apostolicus]] [[Eugenius Pacelli]] hoc castrum visitavit.<ref>[http://www.pacelli-edition.de/en/document.html?idno=482 Relatio nuntialis no. 482]</ref> Ad finem [[Res Publica Vimariana|Rei Publicae Vimarianae]] sicut in alteris urbibus Mindae [[Factio operaria socialistarum nationalium Germanica|factio nazistica]] in [[comitia|comitiis]] maioritatem obtinuit. In [[Imperium Germanicum (1933-1945)|Tertio Imperio]] ab anno 1933 multi cives ob opinionem religionem originemque persecuti fuerunt. Nisi emigrati cives [[Iudaei|Iudaeici]] postea deportati, eorum plurimi aut in [[Ghectum|ghectis]] aut in [[Castra carceralia|castris carceralibus]] occisi fuerunt. In secundo bello mundano [[Classis aeria|classes aeriam]] Alligatarum occidentalium in compluribus procellis nonnullas partes urbis deleverunt. Anno 1945 initio mensis Aprilis copiae [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americanum]] et [[Canada]]e in regionem Mindensem profiscebantur. Exercitus Germanicus cum pontes trans Visurgiam canalemque ducendes atque aquaeductum canalis secundum [[Adolfus Hitler|Adolfi Hitler]] tyranni iussum nomine vulgo [[Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus|decretum Nero]]nensem sparserat, ad orientem detraxit. Bello terminato imperium ad [[Britanniarum regnum]] translatum fuit, quod zona sua praesidiarium ex compluribus urbis regionis Mindenis administrabat. Copiae Britannicae omnes aedificia militaria Mindensia usque ad earum decessionem anno 1994 retinebant, qua de causa militia foederalis Germanica novum [[castrum]] militare ab anno 1959 Mindae obtinet. Consilium [[Oeconomica|rerum oeconomicarum]] in zona Britannica praesideria ([[Anglice]] "Economic Council for the British Occupation Zone") pro administratione commercii anno 1946 Mindae fundatum, secundo anno ut concilium bizonale ad [[Francofurtum ad Moenum]] translocatum fuit. Cum anno 1947 civitates [[Lippiensis ager|Lippe]] et [[Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia]] adunatae fuerunt sedes administrationis provinciae e Minda ad [[Detmolda]]m caput Lippiensem translata fuit. Anno 1973 kalendiis Ianuariis tredecimae communes circumiectae ad urbem Mindam adiunctae fuerunt, quare incolarum numerus oppido crevit et area eius triplicata fuit. == Res municipiales == [[Fasciculus:MI - Rathaus.jpg|thumb|[[Curia municipalis|Curia]] vetus; arcus e saeculo XIII, [[tabulatum]] superior constructio moderna post supremum bellum]] ===Numerus incolarum=== Minda plus quam octoginta milia incolae habet, sed non omnes cives Germaniae. Decimo plus parte populationis{{dubsig}} praecipue ex civitatibus [[Asia]]e et [[Europa Orientalis|Europae Orientalis]] [[immigratio|advenae]] sunt. === Religio === Plurimi incolae [[Christianismus|Christiani]] sunt, praecipue [[Ecclesia Lutherana|Ecclesiae Lutheranae]]; pars incolarum [[Musulmanus|musulmanorum]] crescit. === Administratio === [[Demarchus]] et [[consilium urbanum]] ab incolis pro tempore quinquennali eligatae urbem communiter administrabant. Ius eligendo non solum civibus Mindensibus sed etiam civibus [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europae]] Mindae incolentibus minimo sexto decimo aetate est. === Urbis symboli === ==== Insigne ==== [[Fasciculus:Flagge Minden.svg|thumb|150px|Vexillum Mindense]] Urbis [[insigne]] duas in partes verticaliter divisum est: dimidia pars dextra (in visu heraldico) [[Aquila (signum)|aquila]]m biceptem coronatam imperialem nigram in recessu aureo, altera pars claves [[Petrus|Petri]] decussatae albae in recessu rubro monstrat. ==== Vexillum ==== Urbis [[vexillum]] bicolore colores [[Hansa|hanseaticas]] monstrat: superior rubra pars, alba inferior. ==== Sententiola ==== Minda [[Sententiola praeconialis|sententiolam praeconialem]] in lingua Latina habet: ''Ius et aequitas civitatum vincula''. == Commeatus == [[Fasciculus:Bahnhof Mi - 3.jpg|thumb|Statio ferriviaria Mindense cum insignibus [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]] (sinister) ac Mindae (dexter)]] Mindae viae foederales 61 in directione meridionali et 65 in directione occidento-orientali conveniunt; tres pontes Visurgam. In parva distantia [[autovia]]e 2 et 30 pervaderi possunt in urbibus finitimis australibus. [[Ferrivia]]e coniungunt Mindam cum [[Metropolis|metropolibus]] [[Hannovera]] et [[Berolinum]] in oriente atque [[Colonia Agrippina]] et [[Amstelodamum]] in occidente sicuti [[Hamburgum]] et [[Brema]] in septentrione. Portus ad [[Mare Germanicum|Marem Germanicum]] per canalem mediterranem et alteras canales fluviasque pervadentur. In portu Mindense apud canalem vectura cum tramininibus autocinetis navibusque oneraria cum vectura intermodalis nexa est. == Incolae notabiles == === Ibi nati === * [[Fridericus Gulielmus Bessel]] (1784–1846), astronomus, mathematicus, physicus * [[Hermannus de Mallinckrodt]] (1821–1874), politicus * [[Franciscus Boas]] (1858–1942), anthropologus et ethnologus * [[Sabina Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger]] (1951– ), politica === Alteri === * [[Carolus Fridericus de Dacheröden]] (1732–1809), peritus * [[Ioannes Bell]] (1868–1949), politicus, discipulus Mindae * [[Henricus Starke]] (1911–2001), politicus == Bibliographia == * Hermannus de Lerbeke [[Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum|O.P.]]: ''Catalogus episcoporum Mindensium.'' * {{cite book |last1= |first1= |title=Minden. Zeugen und Zeugnisse seiner städtebaulichen Entwicklung |date=1979 |publisher=J.C.C. Bruns |location=Minda |edition=Urbs Minda}} == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Minden|Mindam}} {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Urbes Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae]] [[Categoria:Urbes hanseaticae]] 34xinotdgj3zgu2v1y2a0hzq0q4ya5u 3695815 3695770 2022-08-02T20:07:35Z Dioskorides 69497 /* Commeatus */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Minden-1641-Merian.jpg|thumb|Prospectus '''Mindae''' anno 1641 a [[Matthaeus Merianus Senior|Matthaeo Meriano seniore]] excusus]] '''Minda''' (sive ''Mimida'' vel ''Mimda'', ''Mimthum'', ''Mimidona'', ''Mindina'', ''Mindona'';<ref>[https://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orbis-latinus Orbis Latinus (1972)]</ref> [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]]: ''Minden'') est urbs [[Germania|Germanica]] in [[Rhenania Septentrionalis-Vestfalia|Rhenania Septentrionali-Vestfalia]] sita et caput [[circulus (iurisdictio)#Germania|circuli]] Mindensis [[Lübbecke|Luebbeckensis]]<nowiki>que</nowiki> (''Minden-Lübbecke''). == Geographia == Minda in regione australi planitiei Germanicae septentrionalis ad duas ripas [[Visurgis]] fluminis prope [[Porta Westfalica|Portam Westfalicam]] sita, urbis limes meridionalis sicut limes naturalis ad dorsum [[Mons Wiehen|Montis Wiehen]] decretum est. In Monte Wiehen [[Iurassicum|iurassico]] [[Aevum geologicum|aevo geologica]] orto ''Wiehenvenator'' (vulgo ''monstrum Mindense'') novum genus animalium repertum fuit in territorio Mindensi.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Switek |first1=Brian |title=Paleo Profile: The Monster of Minden |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/laelaps/paleo-profile-the-monster-of-minden/ |website=Scientific American |access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> [[Canalis mediterraneus]] media fere urbe super Visurgem traducitur. In cataracta fossali ([[Terminus technicus|terminus technicus]] Theodisce: ''Schachtschleuse'') naves a canale ad Visurgem descendere et a flumine ad canalem ascendere possunt. [[Clima]] regionis Mindensis est Cfb in [[enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger|enumeratione Köppen–Geiger]], id est clima oceanicum. Sunt [[vegetatio]] potentialis [[silva]]e mixtae cum [[fagus|fagis]] [[carpinus|carpinis]]que, in parte septentrionali cum [[quercus|quercis]] [[betula|betulisque]], sed hodie silvae naturales ibique cum forestis oeconomicis substitutae sunt.<ref>Werner Trautmann ''Erläuterungen zur Karte der potentiellen natürlichen Vegetation der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1:200000 Blatt 85 Minden'' (= ''Schriften für Vegetationskunde.'' Heft 1). Bundesanstalt für Vegetationskunde, Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege. Bad Godesberg 1966.</ref> Silvae fere sex centesimas faciei urbis tegunt, sed quinquaginta centesimas fere agri prata pascuaeque.<ref>{{cite web |last1=''Information und Technik Nordrhein-Westfalen'' |first1=Officium statisticum civitatis Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia |title=Kommunalprofil Minden |url=https://www.it.nrw/sites/default/files/kommunalprofile/l05770024.pdf |website=www.it.nrw |access-date=20 January 2022}} p.3</ref> == Res gestae == [[Fasciculus:A Mindener Dom Westwerk 2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Cathedralis]] ''Mindensis'']] [[Fasciculus:Plattegrond van Minden Minda saxoniae inferioris ad Vi (..) (titel op object), RP-P-OB-116.280.jpg|thumb|Mappa '''Mindae''' a [[Venceslaus Hollar|Venceslao Hollar]] (1657)]] Anno 798 in [[Annales regni Francorum|annalibus regni Francorum]] Minda primum nominata est.<ref>[https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/annalesregnifrancorum.html Annales Regni Francorum DCCXCVIII]</ref> Minda ab anno fere 800 usque ad annum 1648 sedes [[Episcopus|episcopi]] erat. A fundatione episcopatus complures [[Cathedralis|cathedrales]] aedificatae sunt; aedificium hodiernum cum [[Navis (architectura)|nave]] longa, nave transversa atque choro cum [[Apsis (architectura)|apside]] in genere [[Ars Gothica|gothico]], [[Opus occidentale|opere occidentali]] autem in genere [[Ars Romanica|romanico]] post disturbationem in [[Secundum bellum mundanum|secundo bello mundano]] reaedificatum est. [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henricus Leo]], dux [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvicensis]], anno 1168 in cathedrali Mindensi uxorem ducit Mathildam, filiam [[Henricus II (rex Angliae)|Henrici II]] regis Angliae. Anno 977 [[Otto II (imperator)|Otto II]] [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium|sacri Romani imperii]] imperator episcopo Mindensi monetae et telonei macellique publici ius concessit.<ref>[[Monumenta Germaniae historica]]: [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_dd_o_ii__dd_o_iii/index.htm#page/165/mode/1up Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae. Tomi. II. Pars Prior. Ottonis II Diplomata]. no. 147. Hannoverae 1888.</ref><ref>Hans Nordsiek: [https://sammlungen.ulb.uni-muenster.de/hd/download/pdf/4624978?originalFilename=true ''Die Regalienverleihung an die Mindener Kirche im Jahre 977 und die Entwicklung Mindens von der Marktsiedlung zur Stadt.''] In: ''Mitteilungen des Mindener Geschichtsvereins.'' Jg. 49 (1977), S.&nbsp;13–34.</ref> A saeculo XIII Minda [[Hansa|ligae hanseaticae]] sociata fuit. [[Cardinalis]] [[Nicolaus Cusanus]] cum [[legatus Pontificius]] pro [[Provincia ecclesiastica|provincias ecclesiasticas]] visitando anno 1451 in Germania versaretur, una [[septimana]] Mindae in conventu [[Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum|Dominicanae]] Sancti Pauli resedit. Anno 1530 [[reformatio]] ecclesiae [[Lutheranismus|ritu lutherano]] in urbem introducta est, sed cathedralem secundum decretum [[Pax Westphalica|pacis westphaliae]] usque ad hodie in propietate [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] est. Ad finem [[bellum triginta annorum|belli triginta annorum]] [[principatus Mindensis]], capite Minda, anno 1648 [[Marchia Brandenburgensis|principatui electorali Brandenburgensi]] adiunctus est. Post [[Pax Tilsae (1807)|Pacem Tilsam]] quartum [[Bella Coalitionum|bellum coalitionum]] finirentem regio Mindense [[regnum Westphaliae]] adiuncta anno 1807 et partem [[Primum Imperium Francicum|primi Imperii Francici]] ab anno 1811, anno 1813 imperium Borussicum integratum fuit. Ab anno 1816 Minda caput et [[Provincia administrativa|provinciae administrativae]] Mindensis et [[Circulus (iurisdictio)|circuli]] Mindensis in [[provincia]] [[Westfalia]] Borussica erat. Minda ab [[Saeculum 16|saeculo XVI]] urbs munita cum vallis fossisque erat. Nihilo minus urbs compluries a copiis alienis occupata fuit: in bello triginta annorum a copiis [[Suecia|Sueciis]] de 1634 usque 1650, a copiis [[Francia|Francicis]] et in [[Bellum Septem Annorum|bello septem annorum]] anno 1758 et in quarto bello coalitionum anno 1806. In [[Proelium apud Mindam|proelio apud Mindam]] copiae Borussicae Britanniaeque foederatae cum alteriis sociis Francicias [[Electoratus Saxonia|Saxoniasque]] copias ad Kalendas Sextilis anno 1759 debellaverunt. Sub imperio Borussica complures aedificia militaria munita sunt. Munimentum in [[Saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]] dilatato atque solidato post [[bellum Germano-Francicum]] demolita fuit. Deinde urbs dilatabat, [[industria]] [[commeatus]]que crescebant. Iam ab anno 1847 Minda cum [[Ferrivia|ferriviis]] ''Colonia-Mindensi'' atque ''Hannoverensi regali'' coniuncta est, ex eodem anno [[statio ferriviaria]] Mindensis. Posterius alterae ferriviariae via Nienburgo ad [[Hamburgum]] [[Brema]]mque et via [[Osnabruga]] in [[Nederlandia|Batavia]]m effectae sunt. In [[Primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] castrum pro [[Bello captus|bello captivis]] ad marginem urbis occidentalem collocabatur, ibi plus quam viginti quinque milia captivi ex nationibus compluribus capti erant. In septembri 1917 [[nuntius apostolicus]] [[Eugenius Pacelli]] hoc castrum visitavit.<ref>[http://www.pacelli-edition.de/en/document.html?idno=482 Relatio nuntialis no. 482]</ref> Ad finem [[Res Publica Vimariana|Rei Publicae Vimarianae]] sicut in alteris urbibus Mindae [[Factio operaria socialistarum nationalium Germanica|factio nazistica]] in [[comitia|comitiis]] maioritatem obtinuit. In [[Imperium Germanicum (1933-1945)|Tertio Imperio]] ab anno 1933 multi cives ob opinionem religionem originemque persecuti fuerunt. Nisi emigrati cives [[Iudaei|Iudaeici]] postea deportati, eorum plurimi aut in [[Ghectum|ghectis]] aut in [[Castra carceralia|castris carceralibus]] occisi fuerunt. In secundo bello mundano [[Classis aeria|classes aeriam]] Alligatarum occidentalium in compluribus procellis nonnullas partes urbis deleverunt. Anno 1945 initio mensis Aprilis copiae [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americanum]] et [[Canada]]e in regionem Mindensem profiscebantur. Exercitus Germanicus cum pontes trans Visurgiam canalemque ducendes atque aquaeductum canalis secundum [[Adolfus Hitler|Adolfi Hitler]] tyranni iussum nomine vulgo [[Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus|decretum Nero]]nensem sparserat, ad orientem detraxit. Bello terminato imperium ad [[Britanniarum regnum]] translatum fuit, quod zona sua praesidiarium ex compluribus urbis regionis Mindenis administrabat. Copiae Britannicae omnes aedificia militaria Mindensia usque ad earum decessionem anno 1994 retinebant, qua de causa militia foederalis Germanica novum [[castrum]] militare ab anno 1959 Mindae obtinet. Consilium [[Oeconomica|rerum oeconomicarum]] in zona Britannica praesideria ([[Anglice]] "Economic Council for the British Occupation Zone") pro administratione commercii anno 1946 Mindae fundatum, secundo anno ut concilium bizonale ad [[Francofurtum ad Moenum]] translocatum fuit. Cum anno 1947 civitates [[Lippiensis ager|Lippe]] et [[Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia]] adunatae fuerunt sedes administrationis provinciae e Minda ad [[Detmolda]]m caput Lippiensem translata fuit. Anno 1973 kalendiis Ianuariis tredecimae communes circumiectae ad urbem Mindam adiunctae fuerunt, quare incolarum numerus oppido crevit et area eius triplicata fuit. == Res municipiales == [[Fasciculus:MI - Rathaus.jpg|thumb|[[Curia municipalis|Curia]] vetus; arcus e saeculo XIII, [[tabulatum]] superior constructio moderna post supremum bellum]] ===Numerus incolarum=== Minda plus quam octoginta milia incolae habet, sed non omnes cives Germaniae. Decimo plus parte populationis{{dubsig}} praecipue ex civitatibus [[Asia]]e et [[Europa Orientalis|Europae Orientalis]] [[immigratio|advenae]] sunt. === Religio === Plurimi incolae [[Christianismus|Christiani]] sunt, praecipue [[Ecclesia Lutherana|Ecclesiae Lutheranae]]; pars incolarum [[Musulmanus|musulmanorum]] crescit. === Administratio === [[Demarchus]] et [[consilium urbanum]] ab incolis pro tempore quinquennali eligatae urbem communiter administrabant. Ius eligendo non solum civibus Mindensibus sed etiam civibus [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europae]] Mindae incolentibus minimo sexto decimo aetate est. === Urbis symboli === ==== Insigne ==== [[Fasciculus:Flagge Minden.svg|thumb|150px|Vexillum Mindense]] Urbis [[insigne]] duas in partes verticaliter divisum est: dimidia pars dextra (in visu heraldico) [[Aquila (signum)|aquila]]m biceptem coronatam imperialem nigram in recessu aureo, altera pars claves [[Petrus|Petri]] decussatae albae in recessu rubro monstrat. ==== Vexillum ==== Urbis [[vexillum]] bicolore colores [[Hansa|hanseaticas]] monstrat: superior rubra pars, alba inferior. ==== Sententiola ==== Minda [[Sententiola praeconialis|sententiolam praeconialem]] in lingua Latina habet: ''Ius et aequitas civitatum vincula''. == Commeatus == [[Fasciculus:Bahnhof Mi - 3.jpg|thumb|Statio ferriviaria Mindense cum insignibus [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]] (sinister) ac Mindae (dexter)]] Mindae viae foederales 61 in directione meridionali et 65 in directione occidento-orientali conveniunt; tres pontes Visurgam pertinent. In parva distantia [[autovia]]e 2 et 30 pervaderi possunt in urbibus finitimis australibus. [[Ferrivia]]e coniungunt Mindam cum [[Metropolis|metropolibus]] [[Hannovera]] et [[Berolinum]] in oriente atque [[Colonia Agrippina]] et [[Amstelodamum]] in occidente sicuti [[Hamburgum]] et [[Brema]] in septentrione. Portus ad [[Mare Germanicum|Marem Germanicum]] per canalem mediterranem et alteras canales fluviasque pervadentur. In portu Mindense apud canalem vectura cum tramininibus autocinetis navibusque oneraria cum vectura intermodalis nexa est. == Incolae notabiles == === Ibi nati === * [[Fridericus Gulielmus Bessel]] (1784–1846), astronomus, mathematicus, physicus * [[Hermannus de Mallinckrodt]] (1821–1874), politicus * [[Franciscus Boas]] (1858–1942), anthropologus et ethnologus * [[Sabina Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger]] (1951– ), politica === Alteri === * [[Carolus Fridericus de Dacheröden]] (1732–1809), peritus * [[Ioannes Bell]] (1868–1949), politicus, discipulus Mindae * [[Henricus Starke]] (1911–2001), politicus == Bibliographia == * Hermannus de Lerbeke [[Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum|O.P.]]: ''Catalogus episcoporum Mindensium.'' * {{cite book |last1= |first1= |title=Minden. Zeugen und Zeugnisse seiner städtebaulichen Entwicklung |date=1979 |publisher=J.C.C. Bruns |location=Minda |edition=Urbs Minda}} == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Minden|Mindam}} {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Urbes Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae]] [[Categoria:Urbes hanseaticae]] t0qz5ao6ba3bk1a51cspubtmvhd73h8 0 262632 3695820 3695552 2022-08-02T20:29:29Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 /* Malmesburiense animal */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas|1}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Thomas Hobbius'''<ref>Ipse ''Thomas Hobbius'' se nuncupari voluit, sicut [https://books.google.fi/books?id=IuURAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fi#v=onepage&q&f=false ''De cive''], p. xiv; item ''Hobbianus,'' [[nomen adiectivum]], in titulo videtur [[libellus|libelli]] ''Hobbiani puncti dispunctio[nis]'' ab Ioanne Wallis (1657) divulgato.</ref> Malmesburiensis, vel '''Thomas Hobbes'''<ref name=":0">Quo nomine se ipsum appellavit; e.g. [http://archive.org/stream/operaphilosophi00molegoog#page/n6/mode/2up ''Thomae Hobbes Malnmesburiensis opera philosophica'', II], epistola dedicatoria; etiam [http://archive.org/stream/operaphilosophi03molegoog#page/n12/mode/2up ''Thomae Hobbes Malmesburiensis opera philosophica'' III], p. viii.</ref><ref>Etiam '''Thomas Hobbesius''' postea appellatus est, e.g. {{Google Books|jEgD1uGfPlsC|vide p. 34}}.</ref> (iuxta [[Malmesburia]]m [[5 Aprilis]] [[1588]] natus; mortuus in [[Hardwick Hall]] [[Anglia]]e, [[4 Decembris]] [[1679]]), fuit [[philosophus]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]] et propugnator [[materialismus|materialismi]], qui omnia in [[motus|motu]] [[materia]]que consistere credebat. [[Dualismus|Dualismum]] [[Renatus Cartesius|Cartesianum]] denegans, [[anima]]m [[homo sapiens|hominis]] dixit mortalem esse. Doctrinis neoaristotelicis [[Galilaeus Galilaei|Galilaeum]] et [[Petrus Gassendus|Gassendum]] praetulit, sed sine dubio id quod de [[philosophia politica]] disseruit maximam sui famam posteritati reliquit. Inter libros quos scripsit ''Leviathan''<ref>Nomen tituli ad [[Leviathan]] monstrum refertur.</ref> ([[1651]]) de [[monarchia]] absoluta maxime innotuit. == Vita == Thomas Hobbius in [[paroecia]] [[Westport (Wiltonia)|Westportensi]] comitatus [[Wiltoniensis comitatus|Wiltoniensis]] haud procul a [[Malmesburia]] natus est die [[5 Aprilis]] [[1588]]. Pater, etiam Thomas appellatus, [[pastor]] vicarius paroeciae Westportensis, vir rudis et illiteratus fuit. Accidit enim quondam, ut pater cum collega ante aedes [[ecclesia]]e quondam alapis et pugnis rixatus in fugam se daret neque umquam reverteretur. De matre ignoramus, sed tutelam puero praebuit Franciscus patruus, qui negotiis prosperitatem sibi consecutus erat. Iam quadrimus Thomas legere et scribere nec non numerare sciebat. Octo annos natus [[schola|ludum grammaticum]] frequentare coepit, in quo linguas classicas didicit. Quattuordecim annos natus in [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatem Oxoniensem]] ascriptus, [[lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] et [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Graecae]] studuit ac [[doctrina]]m [[Aristoteles|neoaristotelicam]] degustavit, haud magno ardore quamquam logicis excellebat. Gradum [[A.B.|Baccalaurei Artium]] anno [[1608]] assecutus, amanuensis et [[tutor]] apud [[domus Cavendish|familiam Cavendish]] collocatus est in Hardwick Hall, perque totam vitam, paucis exceptis annis intermissis, cum serie illa comitum [[Devonia]]e alius alio succedentium familiaritate coniunctus est. Quae familiaritas effecit, ut maximam ei [[bibliotheca]]m privatam sibi parare, peregrinationes facere, homines auctoritate graves cognoscere liceret. === Peregrinationum tutor === Anno [[1610]] primam [[peregrinatio magnifica|peregrinationem]] suscepit una cum Gulielmo Cavendish (1590–1628), filio patroni (et qui patre mortuo anno [[1626]] [[comes Devoniae|comes secundus Devoniae]] creatus est). De hoc itinere paene nihil certi scimus, sed constat peregrinatores [[Venetia]]m pervenisse, nam tum temporis nemo iuvenum peregrinatorum Anglicorum vix facere potuit, quin [[Res publica Veneta|Serenissimam rem publicam Venetam]] proficiscerentur. Venetiae Cavendish et Hobbius [[Fulgentius Micantius|Fulgentium Micantium]], amanuensem [[Paulus Sarpius|Pauli Sarpii]], adierunt. Micantius et opera [[Franciscus Baco|Francisci Baconis]] [[lingua Italiana|Italiane]] edenda procurabat. Haec salutatio maximi momenti fuit, nam Cavendish alacre [[commercium]] litterarum cum Micantio iniit. Itaque Hobbius, qui litteras Italiane scriptas Anglice rescribebat, didicit, quid de [[res publica|re publica]] regenda cogitaret [[Paulus Sarpius]] (1552–1623), frater [[Ordo Servorum Mariae|Ordinis Servorum Mariae]], consiliator [[Res publica Venetiae|Rei publicae Venetae]], homo doctissimus, qui destinatus imperio papae adversabatur. Hoc itinere Hobbius persuasus esse videtur, ut consilium philosophandi abiceret seque studiis auctorum Graecorum et Latinorum daret. Sequitur silentium duodeviginti fere annorum, donec anno [[1628]] [[Thucydides|Thucydidis]] ''[[Historiae (Thucydides)|Bellum Peloponnesiacum]]'' a se Anglice redditum publici iuris fecit. Quo facto non solum id egit, ut [[litterae classicae|litteris classicis]] faveret, sed etiam, ut [[democratia]]m [[monarchia]] inferiorem esse probaret. Nam Thucydides putabat notitiam temporum praeteritorum utilem esse, si quis velit exempla prudenter agendi concipere. Itaque Hobbius dixit Thucydidem hominibus inter tumultus civiles laborantibus memorare antiquos democratiam parvi existimasse. Eodem anno, Gulielmus Cavendish [[pestis|peste]] confectus obiit, et Hobbius a [[vidua]] demotus est. Anno autem proximo, mandatu [[Gervasius Clifton|Gervasii Clifton]] (1587–1666), baronetti de Clifton Hall, peregrinationem suscepit cum filio huius tutor faciendam. Per [[Lutetia]]m et [[Lugdunum]] iter fecerunt Venetiam petentes, sed bello de successione [[Mantua]]e inter [[Hispani|Hispanos]] et [[Franci|Francos]] annis [[1629]] et [[1630]] gesto impediti in [[Genava]]m pervenerunt, unde Hobbius per litteras ad Gervasium Clifton missas de vicibus itineris narravit. Inde iter ad [[Aurelianum]] direxerunt ibique aliquamdiu manserunt. Exeunte anno 1630 in patriam rediit, at non ad Gervasium Clifton, sed ad familiam Cavendish, ut tutor fieret Gulielmi Cavendish (1617–1684), filii illius Gulielmi, cuius tutor antea fuerat. Ab anno fere [[1628]], aliquot res ita confluxerunt, ut Hobbius ad [[scientia (ratio)|scientiam]] et philosophiam converteretur. Fertur in quadam [[bibliotheca]] [[Euclides|Euclidis]] ''Elementa'' fortuito inspexisse et statim [[geometria]]m adamavisse propter concinnitatem demonstrationum. Praeterea post reditum suum cognovit [[Gulielmus Cavendish (primus comes Novi Castelli)|Gulielmum Cavendish]] (1592–1676), [[comes|comitem]] [[Novum Castellum|Novi Castelli]] super [[Tina]]m, fratrem patruelem illius Gulielmi Cavendish cui primo tutor fuerat. Comes ille [[Novum Castellum|Novocastrensis]] [[ars|artium liberalium]] studiosissimus [[musicus|musicos]], [[poeta]]s, [[philosophus|philosophos]], [[histrio]]nes, [[scriptor]]es in circulum suum invitabat. In illum circulum etiam Hobbius venit. In hac societate licuit Hobbio Galilaei ''Dialogum'' anno [[1532]] editum legere et ceterum de permultis rebus ad artes et scientias pertinentibus disceptare. Itaque, cum deinde anno [[1634]] cum iuniore illo Gulielmo Cavendish peregrinationem suam tertiam suscepit, litteras commendaticias a patrono Novocastrensi datas secum portavit, quibus faciliorem haberet aditum ad philosophos et physicos [[Europa Occidentalis|continentis]] illustrissimos. Anno [[1636]] Galilaeum visitavit, qui tunc in villam suam ''Il Gioiello'' ('gemma') appellatam se receperat haud procul a [[Florentia]], in clivo occidentali ''Arcis Veteris'' (Italice ''Arcetri'') sitam. Eodem anno et cum [[Marinus Mersennus|Marino Mersenno]] (1588–1648), fratre [[Ordo Minimorum|Ordinis Minimorum]], [[mathematicus|mathematico]] philosophoque Francico, familiaritate coninctus est, qui illis temporibus Euclidis ''Elementa'' et alia opera ediderat (1626), et Galilaei ''Dialogum'' [[Francogallice]] reddiderat (1634). Mersennus videtur novae philosophiae molitor fuisse, qui tenaciter scepticis prioris aetatis renuntiavit. Nam [[Michael de Montaigne]] (1533–1592) aliique sceptici [[Renascentia]]e, heredes [[Pyrrho Eleus|Pyrrhoneorum]], infitias ierant hominibus certum sciendi facultatem esse. Itaque circulus Mersenni officinam quandam praebebat eis, quibus et [[scepticismus]] humanistarum et dogmata Aristotelicorum displicebant. Unus illorum erat [[Petrus Gassendus]] (1592–1655), alter [[Renatus Cartesius]] (1596-1650), qui tum in [[Batavia]] habitabat. Hobbius in Angliam rediit anno [[1637]]. === Exsul Lutetiae === Post reditum Hobbius se philosophum cretum sentiebat. Itaque grande iniit consilium depingendi, quo modo res physicae, humanae et civiles interiunctae sint, et duo scripta, unum Latine alterum anglice, composuit. Opus nostra lingua scriptum, quod ''Elementa philosophica'' inscripsit, in tres sectiones divisit, quarum prima de spatio, materia, motu aliisque fundamentis metaphysicis et physicis disseruit. Sectio secunda deinde vitam humanam eiusque condiciones physicae, praesertim opticae, tractavit. Sectio tertia denique, quid haec omnia ad vitam civilem valerent, consideravit. Opus autem anglice scriptum videtur ad causam regis [[Carolus I (rex Angliae)|Caroli I]] (1600–1649) contra [[parlamentum]] agendam raptim compositum esse. Cum tamen necesse esset regem Carolum [[parlamentum longum|parlamento postea longo appellato]] cedere, Hobbius veritus, ne ob hoc scriptum famosus in crimen vocaretur, anno [[1640]] exeunte subito [[Lutetia]]m perfugit. Iam paulo antea epitomam ''Elementorum philosophicorum'' praemiserat Mersenno, qui rogavit, ut annotationibus ad [[Renatus Cartesius|Cartesii]] ''[[Meditationes de prima philosophia|Meditationes]]'' critice arguendas contribueret. Cartesius litteris huius novi adversarii invitus respondebat, donec mense Aprili [[1641]] tacuit. Domicilio Lutetiae sibi constituto, Hobbius particeps circuli Mersenni factus est, qui convenire solebat in uno cubiculorum Conventus Passii (Couvent de Passy) Fratrum Ordinis Minimorum (ubi hodie [[Museum Vini]] situm est). His ominibus ''Elementa philosophica'' iam adumbrata elaborare aggressus est. Certe credebat opus magum sibi fore. Itaque tertia sectio operis ''De cive'' disserens e prelo exiit mense Aprili [[1642]]. Nonnullae tamen difficultates eum ab aliis sectionibus (sc. ''De corpore, De homine'') perficiendis detinebant. Pro primo intellexit physicam nec non metaphysicam apud circulum Mersenni expetitam opinione difficiliorem esse. Fortasse rogatu Mersenni operam navavit anno [[1643]], ut argumenta a [[Thomas White (vir doctus)|Thoma White]], philosopho [[Ecclesia Catholica|Catholico]] et alio exsule Anglico, adversus Cartesium ac Galilaeum dicta repudiaret. Cum tempore sane Hobbius didicit benigniore animo de Cartesio iudicare. ''Tractatum opticum'' insuper anno [[1644]] protulit in ''Cogitatis physico-mathematicis'' a Mersenno collectis et editis. Pro secundo, exsilium novam paupertatem attulit, nam pecuniae quaestus a familia Cavendish praebitus interruptus erat. Qua de causa necesse erat eum tutorem fieri principis [[Cambria]]e (regis [[Carolus II (rex Angliae)|Caroli II]] futuri), quo munere admodum gravi annis [[1646]] et [[1647]] functus est. Pro tertio, anno 1647 [[morbus|morbo]] implicitus infectis operis sex menses amisit, tamque graviter aegrotavit, ut [[Unctio Infirmorum|extrema unctio]] ei a Mersenno suaderetur. Revixit quidem, quamquam vix consanuit, nam aliqua debilitate vel torpedine impeditus residua vitae suae vixit. His fere temporibus iam de opere magno sibi proposito fortasse desperabat, nam cum ''De cive'' denuo seorsum edendum anno 1646 permisit, novam praefationem scripsit novaque inscriptione (''Elementa philosophica de cive'') librum ab aliis sectionibus ''Elementorum'' separavit. Anno [[1648]] Mersennus mortuus est. Cuius circulo remisso Hobbius locum habebat apud regis familiam ac fautores, qui Lutetiam se contulerant, sed male conveniebat cum [[clerus|clericos]], qui circum principem exsulantem versabantur. Anno [[1649]] ineunte supplicium de rege Carolo I sumptum est. Regicidio factum est, ut monarchici plus quam antea pro regno vociferantes etiam scripta a Hobbio composita sine auctoritate huius divulgaverunt. ''Elements of Law'', quod iam anno [[1640]] scripserat, anno [[1650]] sine venia typis impressum est. Eodem anno, et ''De cive'' illicite anglice redditum e prelo exiit. === Malmesburiense animal === Anno 1650, quo igitur et ''Elements'' et ''De cive'' anglice prolata sunt, Hobbius [[auctor]] et vindex [[monarchia]]e regalis apud regni fautores valebat, quamquam tum ipse mutatarum rerum necessitate coactus aliam quandam rationem expediendae salutis sibi excogitabat. Litteris ad Gassendum die [[22 Aprilis]] [[1649]] missis, Hobbius nuntiavit sibi (videlicet vestigiis familiam Cavendishii secuturo) propositum esse in Angliam reverti, et anno [[1651]] exeunte [[Fretum Gallicum]] transiit, numquam iam rediturus. Mense Aprili 1651 librum in lucem [[Londinium|Londinii]] protulit, ex quo verissimum [[magnum opus|opus magnum]] cum tempore prodiit. ''[[Leviathan (Thomas Hobbius)|Leviathan]] or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiastical and Civil'' (''Leviathan seu de materia, forma et potestate civitatis ecclesiasticae et civilis'', 1668) naturam vel nascendi condiciones societatis civilis scrutatur, sc. quem ad modum et quibus condicionibus e [[status naturalis|statu naturali]], ubi [[bellum omnium contra omnes]] salutem omnium hominum solitariorum cotidie in [[periculum]] vocat, [[civilitas|status civilis]] factus sit. In statu [[natura]]li, [[ius naturale]] impotens est, et nemo hominum secundum indolem vivere quit. Qui nodus exsolvitur [[contractus socialis|contractum socialem]] faciendo, quo pacto omnes dicioni [[superanus|superani]]{{dubsig}} se subiciunt et, quamdiu hic tutelam omnibus praebebit, subiecti manebunt. Sed longum est hic enumerare omnes divitias, quas praebet ''Leviathan''. Quod ad vitam Hobbii attinet, amici pristini obstupuerunt, et furor iraque animos clericorum occupavit. Nam quod regem Dei gratia regnare negabat [[ecclesia]]mque dicioni superani subiciendam existimabat, proditor regni, defector, versipellis suique commodi aucupator apparebat oculis illorum, quibus monarchia regalis cordi erat. Neque infitiandum est Hobbium temporibus mutatis servisse. Quod quidem facile intellectu est, si rationem habemus eius, quod locis et temporibus usus erat praeceptoribus vitae suae. Si quid commodi nactus sit, subsicivum fuisse videtur. Vix graviter erramus, si dicimus Hobbium bono animo id egisse, ut modo demonstrativo proponeret, qua ratione civitas perturbata in summo discrimine sibi consuleret remque stabiliret. Sed addamus quidem illum non fuisse hominem audacem. Utcumque est, [[Olivarius Cromwell|Cromwell]] illi permisit Londinii considere, licet antea pro causa regis egerit. Perspexit enim Superanum ''Leviathanis'' non solum ad potestatem absolutam regis sed etiam ad alias formas imperii pertinere. In [[Interregnum Anglicum|interregno Anglico]] Hobbius vitam admodum tranquillam vixit. Novas amicitias contraxit e.g. cum [[Ioannes Seldenus|Ioanne Seldeno]] (1584–1654), [[iurisconsultus|iurisconsulto]] et rationis civilis studioso, cuius cogitata maxime cum Hobbesio congruebant. Itaque Hobbius animo redintegrato ad ''Elementa philosophica'' perficienda aggressus est. Iam in eo erat, ut primam sectionem ''de corpore'' disserentem finiret, cum novae (vel renovatae) controversiae obiectus est. Anno [[1645]] Hobbius a [[comes|comite]] [[Novum Castellum|Novi Castelli]], [[Gulielmus Cavendish (primus comes Novi Castelli)|Gulielmo Cavendish]], in domum huius Lutetiae invitatus erat, ut cum [[Ioannes Bramhallus|Ioanne Bramhallo]] (1595–1663), [[episcopus|episcopo]] [[Ecclesia Anglica|Anglicano]], de libero arbitrio disceptaret. Postea ambo argumenta sua capitulatim descripta ad comitem rogatu invicem miserunt sine proposito publici iuris faciendi. Tunc, novem annis post, ''Of Liberty and Necessity'', quo Hobbius olim argumenta Bramhalli repudiaverat suaque defenderat, a Ioanne Davies de Cetgueli (1625-1693) sine auctoritate editum et praefatione clericos male mulcanti instructum in lucem prodiit. Bramhallus credens Hobbium fuisse machinatorem editionis librum ''A Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Intrinsical Necessity'' proximo anno (1655) protulit, quem Hobbius libro ''The Questions concerning Liberty, Necessity, and Change'' inscripto anno 1656 aequavit. De [[natura]] [[libertas|libertatis]] humanae acriter disceptabant: Aliquando homines cum libero arbitrio agere ab ambobus certe concessum est, sed constat permagni interesse, qualem intellegamus naturam hominis, naturam mundi, naturam unius [[deus|dei]] esse. Utrum libero an servo arbitrio agamus, in [[aeternitas|aeternum]] ambiguum esse videtur. Hobbius arbitrium [[compatibilismus|condicionaliter liberum]] defendit. Bramhallus adhuc uno libro respondit anno [[1658]], Hobbius tacuit. Nihilo minus anno [[1655]] liber ''De corpore'' impressus est. Eodem anno [[Ioannes Wallis]] (1616–1703), [[geometria]]e professor et presbyter Oxoniensis, ''Elenchum geometriae Hobbianae'' publicavit, quo accurate vitia mathematica operis ostendit. Anno [[1656]], ''De corpore'' Anglice redditus prodiit gravissimiis vitiis purgatus; eodem anno et ''Six Lessons to the Professors of Mathematics'', quo se defendere conatus est. Has "lectiones" Wallis faciliter refutavit, nam eruditio mathematica Hobbio erat manca atque angusta. Adhuc Hobbius indignatione motus libello ''Marks of the Absurd Geometry, Rural Language, Scottish Church Politics, and Barbarisms of John Wallis, Professor of Geometry and Doctor of Divinity'' inscripto respondit. Hunc quoque impetum Wallis faciliter arcuit libello ''Hobbiani puncti dispunctio'' inscripto (1657). Hoc factum est, ut Hobbius aliquamdiu de his rebus taceret. Anno [[1658]], ''De homine'' e prelo exiit, itaque trilogia ''Elementorum philosophicorum'' consummata est. Verum opus magnum "aere perennius" posteritati tamen est ''Leviathan'', gratum aliis, aliis ingratum. Hoc opere et meruit, ut interdum "Malmesburiense animal" appellaretur. === In haeresi haerens === Mors [[Oliverius Cromwellus|Cromwelli]] anno [[1658]] eventum interregni ominabatur, et duobus annis post forma [[monarchia]]e regalis restaurata est. Hobbius, qui in bono genere vitae vixerat, iam ab infestissimis adversariis in periculum vocatus est, nam regni fautores ex exsilio in pristinum statum reversi defectorem illum puniri volebant. Rex [[Carolus II (rex Angliae)|Carolus II]] autem benigno erat animo erga Hobbium, pristinum tutorem suum, et reapse obiectu regis Hobbius accusationes de [[haeresis|haeresi]] vitabat. Dominico mane die [[2 Septembris]] [[1666]], [[Magnum Londinii Incendium|incendium]] e pistrina quadam Londinensi ortum per quinque dies urbem vexavit. Octoginta septem ecclesiae et duodecim milia ducenta fere [[aedificium|aedificia]] devastata sunt. Proximo mense [[Eduardus Hyde (primus comes Clarendonii)|Eduardus Hyde]] (1609–1674), comes Clarendonii, qui diu in novo regimine id egerat, ut ''Leviathan'' eiusque auctor de [[atheismus|atheismo]] aut [[haeresis|haeresi]] damnaretur, animadvertit tempus sibi datum esse. Itaque in Domo Inferiore rogationem tulit, qua Hobbius de haeresi damnandus esset. At evenit, ut Clarendon ipse de [[lex|legum]] abusu accusatus in exsilium expediretur. Tum temporis quidem rogatio de haeresi in cassum cecidit, sed eo eventu factum est, ut Hobbius animum attenderet ad explorandum, num in Anglia de haeresi legibus omnino fieret iudicium. Nihil repperit in legibus scriptis quod potestatem daret hominem de haeresi damnandi. De haeresi plerisque scriptis disseruit, ut et se et alios defenderet. Unum tractatum ''Leviathani'' [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] anno [[1668]] Latine edito annexit, alia seorsum publicavit, quatenus potuit. Accusatio haeresis per reliquum vitae tamquam in tergo eius haerebat, et quidquid post 1668 scripsit utique ex quaestionibus ad haeresin pertinentibus ortum est. Inter alia ''Behemoth, or the Long Parliament'', quod vix nomine crederes magnopere de haeresi disserere, tribus demum annis post mortem Hobbii impressum est. Ultimo [[vita]]e [[decennium|decennio]], Hobbio nihil licuit in lucem proferre, quod civitatem vel philosophiam politicam attingeret. Qua re adductus ad ea quibus iuvenis studuerat incumbere coepit. Poeticam attigit vita sua [[carmen|carmine]] expressa (1672; e prelo anno 1681), sed iam paulo antea ''Historiam ecclesiasticam carmine elegiaco concinnatam'' exaraverat (e prelo 1688). Anno [[1673]], quia nihil aliud haberet quod faceret, [[Homerus|Homeri]] ''[[Ilias|Iliadem]]'' et ''[[Odyssea|Odysseam]]'' [[versus|versibus]] Anglicis exprimere coepit. ''The Iliads and Odysses of Homer'' (1676) non ab omnibus laudatum est opus, quia [[anachronismus|anachronismis]] scatet et immodicum est in diminuendo spatio diis et feminis dato. Etiam hoc opere igitur sua vulnera exposuit. In ultimo quem scripsit libro, cui nomen subfacetum ''Decameron Physiologicum: or, ten Dialogues of Natural Philosophy'' (1678) tribuit, philosophiam suam naturalem exposuit et usque elaboravit. Animo erga Cartesium benigniore de materia et motu disputavit nec praemissa Aristotelica omnino sprevit. Acumen philosophandi nequaquam viro nonaginta annorum defuit, sed anno [[1679]] [[morbus|morbo]] quodam [[vesica urinaria|vesicae]] implicatus [[paralysis|paralysi]] affectus, diem ultimum in domo Hardwickana obiit. Ita actum est de viro, qui sero venit nec umquam discessit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Napoli, Andrea, ed. [[1990]]. ''Hobbes oggi''. Mediolani: Franco Angeli. * Robinson, Dave, et Judy Groves. [[2003]]. ''Introducing Political Philosophy''. Icon Books. ISBN 1-84046-450-X. * Skinner, Quentin. 1996. ''Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes''. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-55436-5. {{Google Books|IsdXSdalssUC|Paginae selectae}} * Sorell, Tom, ed. [[1996]]. ''The Cambridge Companion to Hobbes''. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. * Tuck, Richard. [[1989]]. ''Hobbes''. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. * Zarka, Yves-Charles, et Jean Bernhardt, eds. [[1990]]. ''Thomas Hobbes. Philosophie première, théorie de la science et politique''. Lutetiae: PUF. {{NexInt}} * [[Libri Latine redditi]] * [[7012 Hobbes]] == Nexus externi == * [http://atheisme.free.fr/Biographies/Hobbes.htm Biographia Thomae Hobbii]. {{Ling|Francogallice}} * [http://archive.org/stream/operaphilosophi02molegoog#page/n6/mode/2up Alia opera varia de mathematica geometrica et physica] {{Ling|Latine}} * ''Elementa Philosophica de Cive'' {{Google Books|IuURAAAAIAAJ}}. {{ling|Latine}} * [http://archive.org/stream/operaphilosophi04molegoog#page/n8/mode/2up Biographia Thomae Hobbii et ''Elementorum philosophiae I: De corpore.''] {{Ling|Latine}} * [http://archive.org/stream/operaphilosophi00molegoog#page/n6/mode/2up Elementorum philosophiae II et III: De homine et De cive] {{ling|Latine}} * [http://archive.org/stream/operaphilosophi03molegoog#page/n4/mode/2up ''Leviathan.''] {{Ling|Latine}} * [http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/f_hobbes.html ''Leviathan.''] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://archive.org/stream/operaphilosophi01molegoog#page/n4/mode/2up Opera varia de mathematica, geometira et physica.] {{Ling|Latine}} {{Lifetime|1588|1679|Hobbes, Thomas}} {{Myrias|Homines}} {{FA stella}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Oxoniensis]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini recentiores]] [[Categoria:Eruditi Angliae]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Homerici]] [[Categoria:Ontologi]] [[Categoria:Philosophi Angliae]] [[Categoria:Philosophi linguae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de re politica]] m48m5un9r04a8w6eair4xluryjl4qd2 0 262694 3695756 3291680 2022-08-02T13:19:10Z CommonsDelinker 1422 [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker/commands|automaton]]: Substituens [[commons:Image:Dinoseb_Grundstruktur_V1.svg|Image:Dinoseb_Grundstruktur_V1.svg]] pro Image:Dinoseb_Grundstruktur_V1-Seite001.svg. CommonsDelinker hanc rationem dedit: [[:c:COM:FR|File renam wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Dinoseb Grundstruktur V1.svg|thumb|Formula chemica.]] '''Dinoseb''' est [[herbicida]] in familia [[dinitrophenol]]ium. Nomen IUPAC est 2-''sec''-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol et formula molecularis est C₁₀H₁₂N₂O₅. Usque ad annum [[1986]] [[lex|legitime]] in [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] adhiberi poterat.<ref name='Felsot 1998'>{{cite journal | title = Dinoseb--Banned But not Forgotten The Tale of an Unusually Hazardous Pesticide | journal = Agrichemical and Environmental News | date = Iunio 1998 | first = Allan S. | last = Felsot| url = http://aenews.wsu.edu/June98AENews/Dinoseb--Banned.html}}</ref><ref name='Montague 1986-12-08'>{{cite journal | title = EPA Pulls License of Pesticide OK'd on Phony Data | journal = Rachel's Environment & Health News | date = 1986-12-08 | first = Peter | last = Montague | issue = 2| url = http://www.ejnet.org/rachel/rhwn002b.htm}}</ref> {{NexInt}} *[[Dinoterb]] ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.epa.gov/OGWDW/contaminants/dw_contamfs/dinoseb.html Data de dinoseb.] epa.gov. *[http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC33325 De dinoseb.] pesticideinfo.org. {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Herbicidae]]<!-- [[Category:Nitrobenzenes]] [[Category:Phenols]]--> g04r6bb4j6hh1qy46eywjbss56jmpfq 0 272916 3695844 3363083 2022-08-02T22:33:51Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 /* Notae */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Roman Election.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Civis Romanus suffragium ferens in [[Denarius|denario]] anno [[63 a.C.n.]] excuso]] '''Lex Licinia de sodaliciis'''<ref>''[[Pro Plancio]]'' 36.</ref> est lex anno 55 a.C.n. a consule [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]], una cum [[Pompeius|Pompeio]] collega <ref>''Pro Plancio'' 49.</ref>, lata quae ambitum coercebat. Ipsi [[Triumviratus|triumviri]] (Crassus, Pompeius, Caesar) sodalitates circa se collegerant : sodalicia adversariorum igitur, non sua reprimere volebant. Itaque statim consules facti mense Martio amicos suos [[Praetor|praetores]] aut [[Aedilis|aediles]] faciendos curaverunt, vi [[Cato minor|Catonem]] a praeturae petitione arcentes, atque sibi provincias imperiumque proconsulare in quinquennium decerni antequam legem ad populum ferrent quam [[Senatus Romanus|senatores]], [[Lucius Afranius|Afranio]] referente<ref>''[[Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem|Ad Quintum fr]].'' II.7.3</ref>, mense Februario iam auctoritate sua sanxerant. Ita triumviri in ius vocari non iam poterant quoniam magistratus cum imperio immunes erant. ==De crimine== Iam multae leges de ambitu erant -ipse [[Cicero]], cum consul esset, legem Tulliam de ambitu [[Catilina|Catilinae]] consiliis obviam ut iret, tulerat - quae non multum adversus hanc pestem efficere potuerant. Crimen sodalicii vim quodam modo cum ambitu coniungebat. Sodales vulgo dicebantur homines circa praestantem virum consociati ad cultum vel aliam rem huiusmodi celebrandam. Tum vero ad corruptionem comitiorum adhibebantur. Ita interpretanda sunt Ciceronis verba in oratione ''[[Pro Plancio]]''<ref>''Pro Plancio'' 37.</ref> : ''consensionem quae magis honeste quam vere sodalitas nominaretur ... [[Tribus (divisio populi Romani)|tribum]] turpi largitione corrumperet''. Ibidem paulo post his actionibus constare crimen sodalicii adfirmabat : ''decuriatio tribulium, discriptio populi, suffragia largitione devincta''<ref>''Pro Plancio 45''.</ref>, quae verba ad militarem quandam disciplinam pertinere videntur. ==De tribubus editiciis== Severitas maior novae legis in hoc constabat quod accusator [[Tribus (divisio populi Romani)|tribus]] e quibus iudices ducerentur ipse ederet, recusatione una tantum reo relicta. In omnibus aliis iudiciis ex omnibus tribubus sorte ducebantur iudices et recusationes alternae ambobus partibus dabantur. Secundum Ciceronem senatores, cum hanc condicionem sanxerunt, hoc in animo habebant, accusatorem illas tribus potissimum electurum quae corruptae essent quia culpam largitoris melius nossent et iratae eum convincere vellent. Sententia Ciceronis sic intelligenda : largitiones in tribubus ad plebem spectare, iudices vero ex ordinibus senatorio et equestri aut e tribunis aerarii ductos minus facile emi posse quia divites essent. Verum esse quod diceret an re vera crediderit Cicero dubium est. Certe [[Marcus Iuventius Laterensis|Laterensem]] accusatorem reprehendit quod tribus a largitione alienas ediderit, velut ac si infestissimas potissimum reo sibique elegisset<ref>''Pro Plancio'' 41-48.</ref>. Ita non ad veritatem manifestandam sed ad Plancii damnationem tantum spectasse videbatur accusator, Ciceronis saltem opinione. Praemium insuper accusatori dabatur, siquidem reum sodalicii convicerat<ref>[[Asconius]], ''[https://archive.org/details/qasconiipedianic00ascouoft In Milonianam]'' 54B.</ref>. Non diu viguit haec lex quia iudices ab accusatore designatos cum aequo iudicio consentire negabat ius Romanum etiamsi largitores et tribuum corruptores omnes persequi cupiebant. Praeterea post bella civilia comitia omnem vim in republica amiserant. ==De iudiciis== Hac lege postulati sunt : *54 a.C.n. [[Publius Vatinius]] ob [[Comitia|comitia]] praetoria Pompeio Crassoque consulibus habita<ref>''[[Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem|Ad Quintum fr]]''. II.15.3</ref>, accusante [[Gaius Licinius Calvus (orator)|Gaio Licinio Calvo]]. Absolutus. Ei saluti fuit potentia triumvirum potius quam oratio a Cicerone tum habita. ** [[Gnaeus Plancius]] ob [[Comitia|comitia]] aedilicia Pompeio Crassoque consulibus habita, accusante competitore [[Marcus Iuventius Laterensis|Marco Iuventio Laterensi]]. Absolutus. Ei saluti fuit potentia triumvirum potius quam oratio pro eo a Cicerone habita. ** item Gaius Messius quidam mense Iulio<ref>''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|Ad Att]].'' IV.15.9</ref>. Exitus ignotus. *52 a.C.n. [[Titus Annius Milo]] a Fulvio Nerato accusatus ob comitia consularia quae 53 a.C.n. haberi debuerunt. Damnatus<ref>[[Asconius]], ''[https://archive.org/details/qasconiipedianic00ascouoft In Milonianam]'' 54B.</ref>. *51 a.C.n. [[Marcus Valerius Messalla Rufus|Marcus Valerius Messalla]]<ref>''[[Epistulae ad familiares|Ad fam]].'' VIII.2 et 4</ref> ob comitia consularia annorum 54 et 53 a.C.n. Damnatus. Praecipus fons de ea lege est oratio Ciceronis ''[[Pro Cn. Plancio]]''. Nonnulla in epistulis quoque inveniuntur. ==Si vis plura legere...== *Elizabeth Deniaux, '[http://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2973 De l'ambitio à l'ambitus : les lieux de la propagande et de la corruption électorale à la fin de la République]', ''Publications de l'École Française de Rome'' 1987(98) : 279-304 *J. Granet, '[http://www.persee.fr/doc/palla_0031-0387_1997_num_46_1_1456 Etre électeur à Rome à l'époque de Cicéron]', ''Pallas. Revue d'études antiques'' 1997(46) : 327-339 *[[Theodorus Mommsen]], ''[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_xL0UAAAAQAAJ De collegiis et sodaliciis Romanorum]'', 1843. *Claudius Nicolet ''Le métier de citoyen dans la Rome républicaine''. Parisiis : Gallimard, 1976. *Petrus Grimal, '[https://books.google.fr/books?id=ntIUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=grimal+lex+licinia+sodaliciis&source=bl&ots=4IvIwsP1fZ&sig=OM74LDjD9JQDcVR5fdOPPATf6J0&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3yJDjnLzZAhVJOBQKHc-vBCMQ6AEINDAB#v=onepage&q=grimal%20lex%20licinia%20sodaliciis&f=false La Lex Licinia de sodaliciis]' in ''Ciceroniana : hommages à Kazimierz Kumaniecki'', Lugduni Batavorum : E. J. Brill, 1975 : 107-115 *J.C. Richard, '[http://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_1983_num_95_2_1386 Praetor collega consulis est II : la lex Licinia de sodaliciis et l'exil de M. Valerius Messalla Rufus]' in ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'' 1983(95) : 651-664 *L.R. Taylor, "Magistrates of 55 B.C. in Cicero's pro Plancio and Catullus 52" in ''Studi in onore di Enrica Malcovati'', Paviae, 1964 : 12-28 ==Nexus externi== {{Vicifons|Pro Cn. Plancio}} *[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/cicero/plancio.shtml Pro Plancio : textus apud ''Latin Library''] *[http://www.attalus.org/latin/bobiensia1.html Commentarius scholiastae Bobbiensis] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Crimina]] [[Categoria:Civilitas]] [[Categoria:Leges Romanae|Licinia]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Licinia, lex}} edfekjnecn9eyuimkkrewevialpsbcs 3695859 3695844 2022-08-03T11:12:12Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De iudiciis */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Roman Election.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Civis Romanus suffragium ferens in [[Denarius|denario]] anno [[63 a.C.n.]] excuso]] '''Lex Licinia de sodaliciis'''<ref>''[[Pro Plancio]]'' 36.</ref> est lex anno 55 a.C.n. a consule [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]], una cum [[Pompeius|Pompeio]] collega <ref>''Pro Plancio'' 49.</ref>, lata quae ambitum coercebat. Ipsi [[Triumviratus|triumviri]] (Crassus, Pompeius, Caesar) sodalitates circa se collegerant : sodalicia adversariorum igitur, non sua reprimere volebant. Itaque statim consules facti mense Martio amicos suos [[Praetor|praetores]] aut [[Aedilis|aediles]] faciendos curaverunt, vi [[Cato minor|Catonem]] a praeturae petitione arcentes, atque sibi provincias imperiumque proconsulare in quinquennium decerni antequam legem ad populum ferrent quam [[Senatus Romanus|senatores]], [[Lucius Afranius|Afranio]] referente<ref>''[[Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem|Ad Quintum fr]].'' II.7.3</ref>, mense Februario iam auctoritate sua sanxerant. Ita triumviri in ius vocari non iam poterant quoniam magistratus cum imperio immunes erant. ==De crimine== Iam multae leges de ambitu erant -ipse [[Cicero]], cum consul esset, legem Tulliam de ambitu [[Catilina|Catilinae]] consiliis obviam ut iret, tulerat - quae non multum adversus hanc pestem efficere potuerant. Crimen sodalicii vim quodam modo cum ambitu coniungebat. Sodales vulgo dicebantur homines circa praestantem virum consociati ad cultum vel aliam rem huiusmodi celebrandam. Tum vero ad corruptionem comitiorum adhibebantur. Ita interpretanda sunt Ciceronis verba in oratione ''[[Pro Plancio]]''<ref>''Pro Plancio'' 37.</ref> : ''consensionem quae magis honeste quam vere sodalitas nominaretur ... [[Tribus (divisio populi Romani)|tribum]] turpi largitione corrumperet''. Ibidem paulo post his actionibus constare crimen sodalicii adfirmabat : ''decuriatio tribulium, discriptio populi, suffragia largitione devincta''<ref>''Pro Plancio 45''.</ref>, quae verba ad militarem quandam disciplinam pertinere videntur. ==De tribubus editiciis== Severitas maior novae legis in hoc constabat quod accusator [[Tribus (divisio populi Romani)|tribus]] e quibus iudices ducerentur ipse ederet, recusatione una tantum reo relicta. In omnibus aliis iudiciis ex omnibus tribubus sorte ducebantur iudices et recusationes alternae ambobus partibus dabantur. Secundum Ciceronem senatores, cum hanc condicionem sanxerunt, hoc in animo habebant, accusatorem illas tribus potissimum electurum quae corruptae essent quia culpam largitoris melius nossent et iratae eum convincere vellent. Sententia Ciceronis sic intelligenda : largitiones in tribubus ad plebem spectare, iudices vero ex ordinibus senatorio et equestri aut e tribunis aerarii ductos minus facile emi posse quia divites essent. Verum esse quod diceret an re vera crediderit Cicero dubium est. Certe [[Marcus Iuventius Laterensis|Laterensem]] accusatorem reprehendit quod tribus a largitione alienas ediderit, velut ac si infestissimas potissimum reo sibique elegisset<ref>''Pro Plancio'' 41-48.</ref>. Ita non ad veritatem manifestandam sed ad Plancii damnationem tantum spectasse videbatur accusator, Ciceronis saltem opinione. Praemium insuper accusatori dabatur, siquidem reum sodalicii convicerat<ref>[[Asconius]], ''[https://archive.org/details/qasconiipedianic00ascouoft In Milonianam]'' 54B.</ref>. Non diu viguit haec lex quia iudices ab accusatore designatos cum aequo iudicio consentire negabat ius Romanum etiamsi largitores et tribuum corruptores omnes persequi cupiebant. Praeterea post bella civilia comitia omnem vim in republica amiserant. ==De iudiciis== Hac lege postulati sunt : *54 a.C.n. [[Publius Vatinius]] ob [[Comitia|comitia]] praetoria Pompeio Crassoque consulibus habita<ref>''[[Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem|Ad Quintum fr]]''. II.15.3</ref>, accusante [[Gaius Licinius Calvus (orator)|Gaio Licinio Calvo]]. Absolutus. Ei saluti fuit potentia triumvirum potius quam oratio a Cicerone tum habita. ** [[Gnaeus Plancius]] ob [[Comitia|comitia]] aedilicia Pompeio Crassoque consulibus habita, accusante competitore [[Marcus Iuventius Laterensis|Marco Iuventio Laterensi]]. Absolutus. Ei saluti fuit potentia triumvirum potius quam oratio pro eo a Cicerone habita. ** item Gaius Messius quidam mense Iulio<ref>''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|Ad Att]].'' IV.15.9</ref>. Exitus ignotus. *52 a.C.n. [[Titus Annius Milo]] a Fulvio Nerato accusatus ob comitia consularia quae 53 a.C.n. haberi debuerunt. Damnatus<ref>[[Asconius]], ''[https://archive.org/details/qasconiipedianic00ascouoft In Milonianam]'' 54B.</ref>. *51 a.C.n. [[Marcus Valerius Messalla Rufus|Marcus Valerius Messalla]]<ref>''[[Epistulae ad familiares|Ad fam]].'' VIII.2 et 4</ref> ob comitia consularia annorum 54 et 53 a.C.n. Damnatus. Praecipuus fons de ea lege est oratio Ciceronis ''[[Pro Cn. Plancio]]''. Nonnulla in epistulis quoque inveniuntur. ==Si vis plura legere...== *Elizabeth Deniaux, '[http://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2973 De l'ambitio à l'ambitus : les lieux de la propagande et de la corruption électorale à la fin de la République]', ''Publications de l'École Française de Rome'' 1987(98) : 279-304 *J. Granet, '[http://www.persee.fr/doc/palla_0031-0387_1997_num_46_1_1456 Etre électeur à Rome à l'époque de Cicéron]', ''Pallas. Revue d'études antiques'' 1997(46) : 327-339 *[[Theodorus Mommsen]], ''[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_xL0UAAAAQAAJ De collegiis et sodaliciis Romanorum]'', 1843. *Claudius Nicolet ''Le métier de citoyen dans la Rome républicaine''. Parisiis : Gallimard, 1976. *Petrus Grimal, '[https://books.google.fr/books?id=ntIUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=grimal+lex+licinia+sodaliciis&source=bl&ots=4IvIwsP1fZ&sig=OM74LDjD9JQDcVR5fdOPPATf6J0&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3yJDjnLzZAhVJOBQKHc-vBCMQ6AEINDAB#v=onepage&q=grimal%20lex%20licinia%20sodaliciis&f=false La Lex Licinia de sodaliciis]' in ''Ciceroniana : hommages à Kazimierz Kumaniecki'', Lugduni Batavorum : E. J. Brill, 1975 : 107-115 *J.C. Richard, '[http://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_1983_num_95_2_1386 Praetor collega consulis est II : la lex Licinia de sodaliciis et l'exil de M. Valerius Messalla Rufus]' in ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'' 1983(95) : 651-664 *L.R. Taylor, "Magistrates of 55 B.C. in Cicero's pro Plancio and Catullus 52" in ''Studi in onore di Enrica Malcovati'', Paviae, 1964 : 12-28 ==Nexus externi== {{Vicifons|Pro Cn. Plancio}} *[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/cicero/plancio.shtml Pro Plancio : textus apud ''Latin Library''] *[http://www.attalus.org/latin/bobiensia1.html Commentarius scholiastae Bobbiensis] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Crimina]] [[Categoria:Civilitas]] [[Categoria:Leges Romanae|Licinia]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Licinia, lex}} 1i4vjylwisex142dabdp0ql7kntjoph 3695860 3695859 2022-08-03T11:15:51Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Roman Election.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Civis Romanus suffragium ferens in [[Denarius|denario]] anno [[63 a.C.n.]] excuso]] '''Lex Licinia de sodaliciis'''<ref>''[[Pro Plancio]]'' 36.</ref> est lex anno 55 a.C.n. a consule [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]], una cum [[Pompeius|Pompeio]] collega <ref>''Pro Plancio'' 49.</ref>, lata quae ambitum coercebat. Ipsi [[Triumviratus|triumviri]] (Crassus, Pompeius, Caesar) sodalitates circa se collegerant : sodalicia adversariorum igitur, non sua reprimere volebant. Itaque statim consules facti mense Martio amicos suos [[Praetor|praetores]] aut [[Aedilis|aediles]] faciendos curaverunt, vi [[Cato minor|Catonem]] a praeturae petitione arcentes, atque sibi provincias imperiumque proconsulare in quinquennium decerni antequam legem ad populum ferrent quam [[Senatus Romanus|senatores]], [[Lucius Afranius|Afranio]] referente<ref>''[[Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem|Ad Quintum fr]].'' II.7.3</ref>, mense Februario iam auctoritate sua sanxerant. Ita triumviri in ius vocari non iam poterant quoniam magistratus cum imperio immunes erant. ==De crimine== Iam multae leges de ambitu erant -ipse [[Cicero]], cum consul esset, legem Tulliam de ambitu [[Catilina|Catilinae]] consiliis obviam ut iret, tulerat - quae non multum adversus hanc pestem efficere potuerant. Crimen sodalicii vim quodam modo cum ambitu coniungebat. Sodales vulgo dicebantur homines circa praestantem virum consociati ad cultum vel aliam rem huiusmodi celebrandam. Tum vero ad corruptionem comitiorum adhibebantur. Ita interpretanda sunt Ciceronis verba in oratione ''[[Pro Plancio]]''<ref>''Pro Plancio'' 37.</ref> : ''consensionem quae magis honeste quam vere sodalitas nominaretur ... [[Tribus (divisio populi Romani)|tribum]] turpi largitione corrumperet''. Ibidem paulo post his actionibus constare crimen sodalicii adfirmabat : ''decuriatio tribulium, discriptio populi, suffragia largitione devincta''<ref>''Pro Plancio 45''.</ref>, quae verba ad militarem quandam disciplinam pertinere videntur. ==De tribubus editiciis== Severitas maior novae legis in hoc constabat quod accusator [[Tribus (divisio populi Romani)|tribus]] e quibus iudices ducerentur ipse ederet, recusatione una tantum reo relicta. In omnibus aliis iudiciis ex omnibus tribubus sorte ducebantur iudices et recusationes alternae ambobus partibus dabantur. Secundum Ciceronem senatores, cum hanc condicionem sanxerunt, hoc in animo habebant, accusatorem illas tribus potissimum electurum quae corruptae essent quia culpam largitoris melius nossent et iratae eum convincere vellent. Sententia Ciceronis sic intelligenda : largitiones in tribubus ad plebem spectare, iudices vero ex ordinibus senatorio et equestri aut e tribunis aerarii ductos minus facile emi posse quia divites essent. Verum esse quod diceret an re vera crediderit Cicero dubium est. Certe [[Marcus Iuventius Laterensis|Laterensem]] accusatorem reprehendit quod tribus a largitione alienas ediderit, velut ac si infestissimas potissimum reo sibique elegisset<ref>''Pro Plancio'' 41-48.</ref>. Ita non ad veritatem manifestandam sed ad Plancii damnationem tantum spectasse videbatur accusator, Ciceronis saltem opinione. Praemium insuper accusatori dabatur, siquidem reum sodalicii convicerat<ref>[[Asconius]], ''[https://archive.org/details/qasconiipedianic00ascouoft In Milonianam]'' 54B.</ref>. Non diu viguit haec lex quia iudices ab accusatore designatos cum aequo iudicio consentire negabat ius Romanum etiamsi largitores et tribuum corruptores omnes persequi cupiebant. Praeterea post bella civilia comitia omnem vim in republica amiserant. ==De iudiciis== Hac lege postulati sunt : *54 a.C.n. [[Publius Vatinius]] ob [[Comitia|comitia]] praetoria Pompeio Crassoque consulibus habita<ref>''[[Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem|Ad Quintum fr]]''. II.15.3</ref>, accusante [[Gaius Licinius Calvus (orator)|Gaio Licinio Calvo]]. Absolutus. Ei saluti fuit potentia triumvirum potius quam oratio a Cicerone tum habita. ** [[Gnaeus Plancius]] ob [[Comitia|comitia]] aedilicia Pompeio Crassoque consulibus habita, accusante competitore [[Marcus Iuventius Laterensis|Marco Iuventio Laterensi]]. Absolutus. Ei saluti fuit potentia triumvirum potius quam oratio pro eo a Cicerone habita. ** item Gaius Messius quidam mense Iulio<ref>''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|Ad Att]].'' IV.15.9</ref>. Exitus ignotus. *52 a.C.n. [[Titus Annius Milo]] a Fulvio Nerato accusatus ob comitia consularia quae 53 a.C.n. haberi debuerunt. Damnatus<ref>[[Asconius]], ''[https://archive.org/details/qasconiipedianic00ascouoft In Milonianam]'' 54B.</ref>. *51 a.C.n. [[Marcus Valerius Messalla Rufus|Marcus Valerius Messalla]]<ref>''[[Epistulae ad familiares|Ad fam]].'' VIII.2 et 4</ref> ob comitia consularia annorum 54 et 53 a.C.n. Damnatus. Praecipuus fons de ea lege est oratio Ciceronis ''[[Pro Cn. Plancio]]''. Nonnulla in epistulis quoque inveniuntur. ==Si vis plura legere...== *Elizabeth Deniaux, '[http://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2973 De l'ambitio à l'ambitus : les lieux de la propagande et de la corruption électorale à la fin de la République]', ''Publications de l'École Française de Rome'' 1987(98) : 279-304 *J. Granet, '[http://www.persee.fr/doc/palla_0031-0387_1997_num_46_1_1456 Etre électeur à Rome à l'époque de Cicéron]', ''Pallas. Revue d'études antiques'' 1997(46) : 327-339 *[[Theodorus Mommsen]], ''[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_xL0UAAAAQAAJ De collegiis et sodaliciis Romanorum]'', 1843. *Claudius Nicolet ''Le métier de citoyen dans la Rome républicaine''. Parisiis : Gallimard, 1976. *Petrus Grimal, '[https://books.google.fr/books?id=ntIUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=grimal+lex+licinia+sodaliciis&source=bl&ots=4IvIwsP1fZ&sig=OM74LDjD9JQDcVR5fdOPPATf6J0&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3yJDjnLzZAhVJOBQKHc-vBCMQ6AEINDAB#v=onepage&q=grimal%20lex%20licinia%20sodaliciis&f=false La Lex Licinia de sodaliciis]' in ''Ciceroniana : hommages à Kazimierz Kumaniecki'', Lugduni Batavorum : E. J. Brill, 1975 : 107-115 *J.C. Richard, '[http://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_1983_num_95_2_1386 Praetor collega consulis est II : la lex Licinia de sodaliciis et l'exil de M. Valerius Messalla Rufus]' in ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'' 1983(95) : 651-664 *L.R. Taylor, "Magistrates of 55 B.C. in Cicero's pro Plancio and Catullus 52" in ''Studi in onore di Enrica Malcovati'', Paviae, 1964 : 12-28 ==Nexus externi== {{Vicifons|Pro Cn. Plancio}} *[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/cicero/plancio.shtml Pro Plancio : textus apud ''Latin Library''] *[http://www.attalus.org/latin/bobiensia4.html Commentarius scholiastae Bobbiensis] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Crimina]] [[Categoria:Civilitas]] [[Categoria:Leges Romanae|Licinia]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Licinia, lex}} ep24i2tvzncycgfqshlv0zq1lepe5md 0 275556 3695845 3366476 2022-08-02T22:34:36Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 /* Notae */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Cursus.png|thumb|300px|Cursus honorum index]] '''Lex Villia annalis,''' anno [[180 a.C.n.]] lata, quem cursum honorum magistratibus liceret sequi praescripsit.  == De [[Cursus honorum|cursu honorum]] == Volventibus saeculis ex more maiorum ortus est translaticius modus fungendorum officiorum ad senatum pertinentium. Etiamsi magistratus plerumque primum quaestoris munus deinde aedilis aut plebis tribuni, dein praetoris et denique consulis consueverunt appetere, nihilominus gravissimi quique summique ingenii viri aut cursum coartaverunt sicut [[Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus]] qui ex inopinato <!-- Si adverbio ''inopinate'' uti licet, rescribatis quaeso. --> statim consul electus est,<ref>Ingemar König: ''Der römische Staat'', Band I, index consulum pagina 220.</ref> aut officium diutius concesso spatio tenebant, sicuti [[Marcus Claudius Marcellus]], qui anno 215 a.C.n. consul suffectus, sequente autem iam anno ordinarius consul est designatus.<ref>Ingemar König, ''Der römische Staat'', Bd. 1, p. 219.</ref> == Quomodo leges determinandi cursus sint latae == Quamquam iam [[199 a.C.n.]] leges senatui frustra prolatae sunt, quae officiorum cursum definirent quemquamque ab eo deverti vetarent, anno tantum [[180 a.C.n.]] tribuno plebis [[Lucius Villius Annalis|Lucio Villio]] contigit nixo populi concilio eiusmodi legem ab eo ''Villiam annalem ''dictam ferre, quamobrem cognomen Annalis ei progenieique est tributum.<ref>[[Titus Livius]], ''Ab urbe condita'' 40, 44, 1.</ref> == Quibus condicionibus haec lex sit lata == # Primum constitutus est ordo munerum fungendorum, id est consecutio quaesturae, aedilitatis vel tribunatus, praeturae et denique consulatus. # Deinde decretum est magistratibus non nisi peractis duobus annis ex quo officium tenuerunt licere maior appetere munus. # Magistratus appetentes decem annorum militiam perfecisse opportuit. # Praeterea hac lege praeceptum est certa aetas ad officium curule fungendum: Opportuit aedilitatem appetentibus 37, consulatum quidem 43 annos complevisse<ref>Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton, ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'', Tomus I atque II.</ref>. # Denique decretum est consularem non nisi decem annos postquam consulatum tenuit iterum huic officio designari posse. == Fontes == * [[Titus Livius]]: ''Ab urbe condita'' 40, 44 == Bibliographia == * Ingemar König: ''Der römische Staat'', Band I, Reclam, 1992 * Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton, ''The Magisstrates of the Roman Republic'', Bände I und II, 1951–1952 == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Leges Romanae]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Villia, lex}} 1l3f6k3iy7maixl8by81byymvlh1xxl 0 276397 3695843 3469942 2022-08-02T22:32:55Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 /* Notae */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} '''Lex Cornelia de iniuriis'''<ref>Pampilonensi, Stephano Daoyz. (1612). [https://books.google.ca/books?id=CD6j4xPkpNEC&pg=RA37-PA10&lpg=RA37-PA10&dq=lex+cornelia+de+iniuriis&source=bl&ots=VMMGIi54Wn&sig=LgOVrIX6f4tJloATNOG7u05ECO0&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwisnoSKt9LdAhVlk-AKHVFbANM4ChDoATAJegQIARAB#v=onepage&q=lex%20cornelia%20de%20iniuriis&f=false ''Iuris civilis septimus tomus'']. Sumptimus Petri Landry.</ref> est Romana lex scripta Romano [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Lucio Cornelio Sulla]] in [[81 a.C.n.]]<ref> [[:fr:Liste_de_lois_romaines|"Liste des lois romaines" ]]{{Ling|Francogallica}}.</ref>, quae reprimere quasdam iniurias perpetrates per vim. Sic haec lex permittebat victimae qui se dicit esse pulsatum, verberatum, vel [[Domus|domum]] suam introitam per vim, agere actionem iniuriarum praetoriam. Haec lex duodecim partes continet. == Huius legis partes perlectae == * Lex Cornelia de iniuriis competit ei, qui se pulsatum, vel verberatum, [[Domus|domum]]<nowiki/>ve suam introitam per vim esse dicit, et his casibus potest agi etiam actione iniuriarum praetoria, nec ob id lex Cornelia est superflua: quia actio ex lege Cornelia est perpetua, et non iuratur: sed officio iudicis damnum aestimatur: sed actio iniuriarum praetoria est annalis. * Lege Cornelia de iniuriis cavetur, ne iudicet is, qui actori [[adfinitas|gener, socer, vitricus, privignus]], [[Subrinus|sobrinus]], aut propior est: id est in proximiori gradu, quam sit [[Subrinus|sobrinus]]: veluti patruus, avunculus, et [[frater]], et aliis qui sunt intra sextum gradum. * Lege Cornelia de iniuriis cavetur, ne indicet is, qui in ea cognatione, vel adfinitate est, qua est is, qui passus est iniuriam, quia cum uni de cognatione sit, toti fieri videtur. * Lege Cornelia de iniuriis continetur omnis iniura, quae sit. * Lex Cornelia de iniuriis competit ei, qui dicit domum per vim esse introitam, sive ea [[domus]] sit propria inhabitantis, sive sit conducta, sive gratis concessa, sive habiter in [[villa]], sive in civitate, sive in hortis. * Lex Cornelia de iniuriis coperit colono partiario, cui [[dominus]] fundum locaverat, si in eum fundum et [[Domus|domum]] ibi positam impetus sibi factus sit. * Lex Cornelia de iniuriis competit ad omnen habitationem, in qua quis habitat, licet ibi domicilium propium, vel in perpetuum definitum non habeat, ut si quis [[Roma|Romae]] existebat studiorum causa, et in [[Domus|domum]], quam habitabar, introitum sit per vim, competit ei actio legis Corneliae. * Lex Cornelia de iniuriis non pertinet ad meritoria, vel stabula, eo, quod in eis per vim introitum sit: competit tamen ad eos, qui habitant non momenti causa: sed perpetua: licet ibi domicilium non habeant. * Lege Cornelia de iniuriis non potest agere paterfam<ref> [[:fr:Pater_familias|Pater familias ]]{{Ling|Francogallica}}.</ref>. [[Filius|Filio]] iniuriam passo: potest tamen agere actione iniuriarum praetoria, [[Filius|filio]] tamen competit actio legis Corneliae, quam pater exercet, ut et praetoriam [[Filius|filii]]. * Legis Corneliae de iniuriis actione potest agere filiusfam<ref>Filius familias.</ref>, qui dicit se verberatum, vel pulsatum, aut [[Domus|domum]] suam vi introitam: et hoc patre absente, neque tenetur cavere patrem ratum habiturum. * Lege Cornelia de iniuriis permittitur actori deferre iuramentum, ut reus iuret iniuriam se non fecisse, et idem permissum est in actione iniurarium praetoria. * Lex Cornelia de iniuriis ideo sic dicitur: quia Cornelius Sylla<ref>[[Lucius Cornelius Sulla]].</ref> praefectus prius eam fecit. == Nexus interni == *[[Leges Corneliae]] *[[Lex]] *[[Lex Romana]] *[[Ius Romanum]] == Notae == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Cornelia, lex}} [[Categoria:Leges Romanae]] 6w5uez5urv6pgebou233xjglw0qc7ds 4 278017 3695788 3695670 2022-08-02T18:41:05Z Giorno2 30162 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Joachim du Bellay32.jpg|right|140px]] '''[[Ioachimus Bellaius]]''', <br />poëta<div style="clear:both;"></div><noinclude> [[Categoria:Pagina prima]] </noinclude> kljnv0srs2zvwwjjfa8lz4ob5rno8mq 4 278018 3695790 3695671 2022-08-02T18:41:50Z Giorno2 30162 /* Promovendae */ wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="-moz-box-shadow:10px 10px 10px #CCC; -webkit-box-shadow:6px 6px 6px #CCC; box-shadow:8px 8px 8px #CCC; float:right; border:1px solid #BEBEBE; padding:1em"> {{Vicipaedia:Pagina prima/Capsa prima| titulus = [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima/Pagina cottidiana|Pagina cottidiana]] | color tituli = white | color vexilli = #D61D00 | margo cacuminis = 0 | corpus = {{Vicipaedia:Pagina prima/Pagina cottidiana}}}} </div> Ut paginam cottidianam hodiernam promoveas, [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima/Pagina cottidiana|formulam paginae cottidianae]] in fenestram adiunctam aperi, duobusque locis emenda. # Loco tituli anterioris titulum novum insere # Loco imaginis anterioris imaginem novam a te selectam insere. Cura ut faciem imaginis ad paginam primam restringas: non |thumb|, non |upright|, sed (exempli gratia) |right|100px| Quo facto, titulum paginae a te promotae e rubrica inferiori "Promovendae" in subpaginam "[[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2022 promotae]]" move. Rem perfecisti! == Promovendae == * [[Bethsabea]] * [[Desertum Victoria]] * [[De principe]] * [[Eucharistia]] * [[Fabella nautae naufragi]] * [[Fasti regum Lydiae]] * [[Meridianus primarius]] * [[Morbus Whippleianus]] * [[Nucleus Telluris exterior]] * [[Philoctetes (Sophocles)]] * [[Supplices (Euripides)]] * [[Tiresias]] * [[Valerius Cordus]] == Iam promotae == * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2019 promotae]] * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2020 promotae]] * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2021 promotae]] * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2022 promotae]] [[Categoria:Pagina prima]] [[Categoria:Paginae honoratae]] f4dzp73h3katis5cfsaat1afi5eupx3 0 279445 3695823 3660109 2022-08-02T20:31:54Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{videhom|Livyatan}} [[Fasciculus:Destruction of Leviathan.png|thumb|''Occisio Leviathan,'' a [[Gustavus Doré|Gustavo Doré]] anno [[1865]] picta.]] '''Leviathan''' ([[Hebraice]] {{lang|he|לִוְיָתָן}}) est [[monstrum marinum]] in pluribus locis [[Biblia Hebraica|Bibliorum Hebraicorum]] memoratum, quod modo [[draco]], modo [[crocodilus]], modo [[balaena]] esse videtur.<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3882.htm "לִוְיָתָן"] in lexico Brown-Driver-Briggs {{ling|Anglice}}.</ref> Et [[Thomas Hobbes]] libro ''[[Leviathan (Thomas Hobbius)|Leviathan]]'', ut [[metaphora]]m [[auctoritas|auctoritatis]] et [[potestas executiva|potestatis]] regis ad statum [[natura]]lem "[[homo homini lupus]]" finendum. == In Bibliis Sacris== * [[Liber Iob|Iob]] 3:8: "maledicant ei, qui maledicunt diei, / qui parati sunt suscitare Leviathan."<ref>[[Nova Vulgata]], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_iob_lt.html#3 Iob 3].</ref> * Iob 41:1 (in Vulgata 40:20): "An extrahere poteris Leviathan hamo / et fune ligabis linguam eius?"<ref>Nova Vulgata, [http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_iob_lt.html#41 Iob 41].</ref> * [[Liber Psalmorum|Psalmi]] 74:14 (in Vulgata 73:14): "Tu confregisti capita Leviathan, / dedisti eum escam monstris maris."<ref>Nova Vulgata, [http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_psalmorum_lt.html#PSALMUS%2074 Psalmus 74].</ref> * Psalmi 104:26 (in Vulgata 103:26): "illic naves pertransibunt, / Leviathan, quem formasti ad ludendum cum eo."<ref>Nova Vulgata, [http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_psalmorum_lt.html#PSALMUS%20104 Psalmus 104].</ref> * [[Liber Isaiae|Isaias]] 27:1: "In die illa visitabit Dominus / in gladio suo duro et forti et grandi / super Leviathan serpentem fugacem / et super Leviathan serpentem tortuosum / et occidet draconem, qui in mari est."<ref>Nova Vulgata, [http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_isaiae_lt.html#27 Isaias 27].</ref> == Notae == <references /> ==Nexus interni== *[[Monstrum lacus Nesae]] *[[8813 Leviathan]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * [http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/leviatano De Leviathan] in ''Enciclopedia Treccani'' {{ling|Italiane}} * [https://bigenc.ru/religious_studies/text/2135718 De Leviathan] in Большая российская энциклопедия {{ling|Russice}} * [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Leviathan-Middle-Eastern-mythology De Leviathan] in ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' {{ling|Anglice}} [[Categoria:Animalia in Bibliis]] [[Categoria:Pistrices]] 6n4q6uuqdjrkrz8xccfkbfwe7v0bdjn 0 283787 3695824 3658825 2022-08-02T20:32:22Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Thomas Hobbes (portrait).jpg|thumb|upright=0.4|left|[[Thomas Hobbesius]].]] [[Fasciculus:Jean-Jacques Rousseau (painted portrait).jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Ioannes Iacobus Russavius]] de [[theoria|theoriá]] [[civilitas|civili]], praecipue de [[pactum sociale|pacto sociali]], scripsit. [[Pictura]] a [[Mauritius Quintinus de La Tour|Mauritio Quintino de La Tour]] anno fere 1753 facta.]] [[Fasciculus:Hannah Arendt 1975 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Anna Arendt]] de auctoritate temporibus recentioribus insigniter scripsit. [[Photographema]] anno [[1975]].]] '''Auctoritas''' est [[ius]] [[potestas|potestatis]] adhibendae, quod a [[civitas|civitate]] sanciri atque a [[iudex|iudicibus]], administratoribus creatis, vel [[ecclesia]]sticis vel [[clericus|clericis]] [[deus|dei]] aliarumve [[deitas|deitatum]] legatis creatis adhiberi potest. Auctoritas hoc sensu ius actionis perficiendae vel mandati efficiendi etiam [[significatio (linguistica)|significare]] potest. In disputationibus de [[ratio]]nibus [[res publica|rei publicae]] gerendae atque administrandae, [[vocabulum]] ''auctoritas'' meram [[potestas|potestatem]] saepe [[significatio (linguistica)|significat]]. [[Thomas Hobbesius]] in [[liber|libro]] ''[[Leviathan (Thomas Hobbius)|Leviathan]]'' ([[1651]], editio retractata [[Latine]] anno [[1668]] edita) et [[Ioannes Iacobus Russavius]] in [[libellus|libello]] ''[[Émile, ou De l'éducation]]'' ([[Haga]]e anno [[1762]] edito) insigniter de [[theoria]] [[contractus socialis|pacti socialis]] scripserunt. {{NexInt}} {{div col|3}} *[[Anarchia]] *[[Anarchismus]] *[[Argumentum ab auctoritate]] *[[Auctoritas]] *[[Auctoritas naturalis]] *[[Autocratia]] *''[[Basilikon Doron]]'' *[[Charisma]] *[[Cogitatio libera]] *[[Convenientia]] *[[Democratia]]<!-- *[[Despotismus]]--> *[[Disciplina]] *''[[The Federalist]]'' *[[Fidelitas]] *[[Heros]] *[[Imperium]] *[[Libertas]] *[[Mana]] *[[Oboedentia]] *[[Philosophia politica]] *[[Potestas (socialis et politica)]] *[[Rectio]] *[[Sanctus]] *[[Scientiae sociales|Scientia politica]] *[[Sociologia]] *[[Successio Apostolica|Successio apostolica]] *[[Statismus]] *[[Theocratia]] *[[Violentia]] {{div col end}}<!-- ==Notae== <references/>--> ==Bibliographia== *[[Georgius Agamben|Agamben, Giorgio]]. [[2005]]. ''State of Exception.'' Conv. Kevin Attell. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226009246, ISBN 0226009254. *[[Anna Arendt|Arendt, Hannah]]. [[1956]]. "Authority in the Twentieth Century." [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/review-of-politics ''Review of Politics.''] *[[Anna Arendt|Arendt, Hannah]]. [[1970]]. ''On Violence.'' Novi Eboraci: Harcourt, Brace & World. *[[Iosephus Maria Bocheński|Bocheński, Józef Maria]]. [[1974]]. ''Was ist Autorität? Einführung in die Logik der Autorität.'' Friburgi: Herder. ISBN 3-451-01939-6. *Christiano, Tom. [[1999]]. "Justice and Disagreement at the Foundations of Political Authority." ''Ethics'' 110 (October): 165–87. *Cristi, Renato. [[2005]]. ''Hegel on Freedom and Authority.'' *During, P. [[2003]]. "Political Legitimacy and the Duty to Obey the Law." ''Canadian Journal of Philosophy'' 33, no. 3 (September): 373–90. *Edmundson, W. A. [[1998]]. "Legitimate Authority without Political Obligation." ''Law and Philosophy'' 17: 43–60. *Eschenburg, Theodor. (1965) [[1976]]. ''Über Autorität.'' Francofurti: Suhrkamp. *[[Carolus Ioachim Friedrich|Friedrich, Carl Joachim]]. [[1958]]. ''Authority.'' Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press. *[[Carolus Ioachim Friedrich|Friedrich, Carl Joachim]]. [[1967]]. ''An Introduction to Political Theory: Twelve Lectures at Harvard.'' Novi Eboraci: Harper & Row (1967) *[[Carolus Ioachim Friedrich|Friedrich, Carl Joachim]]. [[1972]]. ''Tradition and Authority.'' Londinii: Macmillan. *[[Robertus E. Goodin|Goodin, Robert E.]], ed. [[2011]]. [http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199604456.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199604456 ''The Oxford Handbook of Political Science.''] *Greenawalt, K. [[1999]]. "Legitimate Authority and the Duty to Obey." In ''The Duty to Obey the Law,'' ed. William A. Edmundson. Lanhamiae Terrae Mariae: Rowman and Littlefield. *Hartmann, Heinz. [[1964]]. ''Funktionale Autorität.'' Stutgartiae: Enke. *Hayden, Patrick. [[2009]]. ''Political evil in a global age: Hannah Arendt and international theory.'' Milton Park Abingdoniensis Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci: Routledge. ISBN 9780415451062, ISBN 041545106X, ISBN 9780203882535 (ebook), ISBN 0203882539 (ebook). *Hayden, Patrick. [[2014]]. ''Hannah Arendt: Key Concepts.'' *Huemer, Michael. [[2013]].; ''The problem of political authority: an examination of the right to coerce and the duty to obey.'' Houndmills prope Basingstoke Hantoniae, et Novi Eboraci: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137281647, ISBN 9781137281654. *Kerber, Walter. [[1998]]. ''Sozialethik.'' Stutgartiae: Kohlhammer. *[[Alexander Kojève|Kojève, Alexandre]]. [[2014]]. ''The Notion of Authority.'' Ed. et introductus a François Terré; conv. Hager Weslati. Londinii: Verso. ISBN 9781781680957. *Laitin, David. [[1998]]. "Toward a Political Science Discipline: Authority Patterns Revisited." ''Comparative Political Studies'' 31 (4): 423–43. doi:10.1177/0010414098031004002. *Mandorfer, Alfons. [[1973]]. "Autorität heute." ''Öffentliches Stiftsgymnasium Kremsmünster'' 116: 7–29. *Mendel, Gérard. [[1973]]. ''Plädoyer für die Entkolonisierung des Kindes: Sozio-Psychoanalyse der Autorität.'' Olten/Friburgi: Walter-Verlag. ISBN 3-530-56401-X. *Omer, Haim. [[2010]]. ''Neue Autorität in Familie, Schule und Gemeinde.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-525-40203-0. *[[Raphael Dominicus Osle|Osle, Rafael Domingo]]. [[1987]]. ''Teoría de la "auctoritas." '' Pompeloni: Ediciones Universidad de Navarra. ISBN 8431310219. *Petersen, Thomas. [[2011]]. ''Autorität in Deutschland: Eine Studie des Instituts für Demoskopie Allensbach: Gedanken zur Zukunft 20, Herbert Quandt-Stiftung.'' Bad Homburg v.d. Höhe. ISBN 978-3-937831-18-3. *Radford, Gail. [[2013]]. ''The Rise of the Public Authority: Statebuilding and Economic Development in Twentieth-Century America.'' *Rousseau, Jean Jacques. (1762) [[1913]]. ''The Social Contract and Discourses by Jean-Jacques Rousseau.'' Conv. G. D. H Cole. Londinii et Toronti: J. M. Dent and Sons. *[[Carolus Schmitt|Schmitt, Carl]]. [[1932]]. ''Der Begriff des Politischen.'' *Sennett, Richard. [[1985]]. ''Autorität.'' Francofurti: S. Fischer. *Toellner, Richard. [[1984]]. "Zum Begriff der Autorität in der Medizin der Renaissance." ''Humanismus und Medizin,'' ed. Rudolf Schmitz et Gundolf Keil, 159–179. Weinheim: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: Mitteilungen der Kommission für Humanismusforschung, 11. ISBN 3-527-17011-1. *Vasconcellos, J., et J. Stumpf. [[1939]]. ''Princípios de Defesa Militar.'' Editora da Biblioteca da Marinha e do Exército do Brasil. *Weber, Erich. [[1974]]. ''Autorität im Wandel: Autoritäre, antiautoritäre und emanzipatorische Erziehung.'' Donauwörth: Verlag Ludwig Auer. ISBN 3-403-00490-2. *[[Maximilianus Weber|Weber, Max]]. (1922) [[2019]]. ''Economy and society: a new translation.'' Ed. et conv. Keith Tribe. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674916548. *[[Maximilianus Weber|Weber, Max]]. (1919) [[1965]] ''Politics as a Vocation.'' Philadelphiae: Fortress Press. *Wolf, Frieder Otto. [[1994]]. "Autorität." ''Historisch-kritisches Wörterbuch des Marxismus, 1: 784–800. Hamburgi: Argument-Verlag. ISBN 3-88619-431-0.<!-- Robert Papazian Essay-Preis: vier philosophische Artikel über Autorität[17] im International Journal of Philosophical Studies Volume 23 (2), 2015--> ==Nexus externi== {{Wikiquote|Authority|auctoritatem}} *Christiano, Tom. (2004) [[2012]]. [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/authority/ "Authority."] ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,'' ed. Edward N. Zalta. *Dobos, Ned. [https://www.iep.utm.edu/poli-obl/ "Political Obligation."] ''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.'' *Fox, Carl. [[2014]]. "Political Authority, Practical Identity and Binding Citizens." '' International Journal of Philosophical Studies'' 23 (2). Praemium Certaminis Commentariorum Roberti Papazian. *[http://www.appealtoauthority.info Appeal to Authority Breakdown] [[Categoria:Auctoritas| ]] [[Categoria:Ethica]]<!--melius: E. sociales--> [[Categoria:Notiones sociales]] [[Categoria:Philosophia politica]]<!-- [[Categoria:Philosophia legis]] [[Categoria:Rationes gregum]]--> {{Myrias|Anthropologia}} jqg1xiukb28t7xgaoeg8vwy4hhikl0k 0 298033 3695780 3695668 2022-08-02T18:13:26Z LilyKitty 18316 de Schola Fodinarum Lutetiae wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:CHARPAK Georges-24x50-2005 cropped.JPG|thumb|upright=0.6|Georgius Charpak anno 2005]] '''Georgius Charpak''' (natus die [[1 Augusti]] [[1924]]; mortuus die [[29 Septembris]] [[2010]]) fuit [[physicus]] [[Francia|Francicus]] origine [[Polonia|Polonica]]. In familia [[Iudaei|Iudaea]] natus, anno [[1931]] Franciam [[migratio|migravit]]. Dum [[Repugnatio Francica|Repugnationem Francicam]] participabat,{{dubsig}} in [[castra carceralia]] Dachau datus est. Post [[secundum bellum mundanum]], in nationali [[Schola Fodinarum (Lutetia)|schola superiori metalleutices Lutetiensi]], deinde in [[Collegium Franciae|Collegio Franciae]] studuit. Anno [[1992]] [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae]] pro detectoriis [[particula subatomica|particularum subatomicarum]] creatis accepit.<ref>[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1992/charpak/facts/ De Georgio Charpak]nobelprize.org</ref> Et opinionem positivam de [[energia nuclearis|energia nucleari]] pronfuit.<ref>[https://www.nature.com/articles/4671048a Georges Charpak (1924-2010)]</ref> ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus externi== {{fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1924|2010|Charpak, Georgius}} [[Categoria:Physici Franciae]] [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] tpdcq3kqv1eus6ccrka12tat4qegx5f 0 299709 3695761 3649789 2022-08-02T15:08:45Z LilyKitty 18316 de membris consociationis ParisTech wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:P1250413 Paris VI bd St-Michel ecole des Mines rwk.jpg|thumb|Schola Fodinarum Parisiensis]] '''Schola Fodinarum''' [[Lutetia|Parisiensis]] (hodie nomine macaronico ''Mines ParisTech'' nuncupata, olim Francogallice ''École (nationale supérieure) des mines de Paris'') est [[schola superior]] [[Francia|Francica]]. Condita est a rege [[Ludovicus XVI|Ludovico XVI]] anno [[1783]]. Schola Fodinarum nota est ob egregiam centra investigationis exercendam et qualitatem internationalium societatum cum aliis universitatibus prestigiosis circa mundum. Cum [[Schola Pontium Viarumque]] et [[Schola Polytechnica Francica]], membrum consociationis ParisTech est. == Professores == * [[Ludovicus Nicolaus Vauquelin]], chemicus et medicamentarius Francicus == Nexus externi == * [https://www.minesparis.psl.eu/ Situs proprius] [[Categoria:Constituta 1783]] [[Categoria:Schola Fodinarum (Lutetia)|!]] mpuvwh844gsbwbo7tz6ieuwvz7sn3e4 0 299781 3695804 3650666 2022-08-02T19:46:48Z LilyKitty 18316 de arte ingeniaria et Augusti L. Cauthy wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa scholae Vicidata}} '''Schola Pontium Viarumque''' (Francogallice denuo ''École des Ponts ParisTech'', a principio ''École royale des ponts et chaussées'') est academia [[ars ingeniaria|ingeniaria]] [[Francia|Francica]] apud [[Campi super Maternam|Campos super Maternam]] prope [[Lutetia]]m instituta. Anno [[1747]] a Daniele Carolo Trudaine ad fabrum instituendi corpora pontium viarumque, est una e vetustissimis et gloriosissimis scholis Francicis. Maxime notus est illius institutionis machinalis, cuius discipuli et alumni vocantur "Ingénieur des Ponts et Chaussées". Solet referri "''Ponts et Chaussées''", "''les Ponts''" seu metonymias "''École des Ponts ParisTech''" mense Iulio 2008 adoptavit. == Alumni notabiles == [[Fasciculus:Ponts-carnot.jpg|thumb|École nationale des ponts et chaussées]] * [[Antonius Henricus Becquerel]], physicus Francicus * [[Augustinus Ludovicus Cauchy]] == Nexus externi == * [https://www.ecoledesponts.fr/ Situs proprius,] [[Categoria:Constituta 1747]] [[Categoria:Schola Pontium Viarumque|!]] fgqgkjfuahb0awivby14vjicjus3k5q 3695863 3695804 2022-08-03T11:51:50Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa scholae Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Ponts-carnot.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Principale Scholae Nationalis Pontium et Viariarum [[aedificium]].]] '''Schola Pontium Viarumque''' (Francogallice denuo ''École des Ponts ParisTech'', a principio ''École royale des ponts et chaussées'') est academia [[ars ingeniaria|ingeniaria]] [[Francia|Francica]] apud [[Campi super Maternam|Campos super Maternam]] prope [[Lutetia]]m instituta. Schola, anno [[1747]] a Daniele Carolo Trudaine ad fabrum{{dubsig}} instituendi corpora [[pons|pontium]] [[via]]rumque condita, est una e vetustissimis et gloriosissimis scholis Francicis. Maxime notus est illius institutionis machinalis, cuius discipuli et alumni ingénieurs des ponts et chaussées vocantur. Schola '''Ponts et Chaussées''' et '''les Ponts''' tantum appellari solet, ac ad [[metonymia]]m '''École des Ponts ParisTech''' mense Iulio 2008 rite accedit. == Alumni notabiles == * [[Antonius Henricus Becquerel]], physicus Francicus * [[Augustinus Ludovicus Cauchy]] == Nexus externi == * [https://www.ecoledesponts.fr/ Situs proprius,] [[Categoria:Constituta 1747]] [[Categoria:Schola Pontium Viarumque|!]] f7yh7wi025cxjke0pbsvfwmkj989fi4 4 300718 3695791 3695672 2022-08-02T18:42:35Z Giorno2 30162 /* Mense Augusto 2022 promotae */ wikitext text/x-wiki == Mense Ianuario 2022 promotae == # [[Festum anni novi Sinici]] # [[Iosephus Cooper]] # [[Astronautica]] # [[Altenburg (Vimaria)]] # [[Cyclops (Euripides)]] # [[Magi (Biblia)]] # [[Associatio diurnariorum Esperanticorum internationalis]] # [[Martinus Schäffer]] # [[Corpus humanum]] # [[Fenelo]] # [[Nucifrangibulum]] # [[Trippstein]] # [[Domus Francisci Liszt (Vimaria)]] # [[Udalricus Brandenburg]] # [[Antigone (Sophocles)]] # [[Antonius Blair]] # [[Nucifrangibulum (ballatio)]] # [[Marius Petipa]] # [[Cellula Schwannia]] # [[Hugenoti]] # [[Sepulcretum Sancti Ioannis (Iena)]] # [[Iphigenia Aulidensis]] # [[Ioannes Vsevoložskij]] # [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)]] # [[Peleus]] # [[Museum de Re publica Vimariana]] # [[Li Yu (scriptor)]] # [[Magna Zimbabua]] # [[Ioannes Gottfriedus Herder]] # [[Subcontinens Indica]] # [[Ossianus]] == Mense Februario 2022 promotae == # [[Myelinum]] # [[Tres Hierarchae]] # [[Museum de Re publica democratica Germanica (Apolda)]] # [[Elisabeth Streller]] # [[Colles Nigri]] # [[Matthias Castrén]] # [[Sodalitas Rennsteig 1896]] # [[Demosthenes (strategus)]] # [[Monumentum Nationale Marinum Papahānaumokuākea]] # [[Robertus Müller]] # [[Ostreae craticula tostae]] # [[Yuan Mei]] # [[Nosocomium Sanctorum Georgii et Iacobi]] # [[Amavangus]] # [[Vesper (potio)]] # [[Ioannes Racine]] # [[Ioannes Racine]] # [[Clipeus Arvernus]] # [[Franciscus Georgius Rössler]] # [[Simplicia montani victualia]] # [[Guillelmus Wallaceus]] # [[Wannsee Conventus]] # [[Phèdre (Racine)]] # [[Lex maiestatis]] # [[Ucraina]] # [[Equites (Aristophanes)]] # [[Vladimirus Zelens'kyj]] # [[Stela Mesae]] == Mense Martio 2022 promotae == # [[Napoleo III (imperator Franciae)]] # [[Latinitas culinaria]] # [[Neurogenesis]] # [[Genovefa Parisiensis]] # [[Fugger]] # [[Vespae (Aristophanes)]] # [[Radix Iesse]] # [[Psalmus 77]] # [[Musica Renascentiae]] # [[Acharnenses]] # [[Galena Gorecka]] # [[Ordinatio Regni Mineralium secundum Linnaeum]] # [[Paryadres]] # [[Orlando furioso]] # [[Lingua Lazica]] # [[Capella Bethleem (Praga)]] # [[Pimpinella anisum]] # [[Bracchium caecum]] # [[Keith Floyd]] # [[Paulus Jegorovas]] # [[Conformatio terrestris]] # [[Cultura interretialis]] # [[Ioannes Biereye]] # [[Mundus Russicus]] # [[Ioanna Agalakova]] # [[Pax (Aristophanes)]] # [[Pax (Aristophanes)]] # [[Ioannes Kotljarevs'kyj]] # [[Evangelicum centrum Pauli Schneider Vimariense]] # [[Paulus Schneider]] # [[Hochepot]] == Mense Aprili 2022 promotae == # [[Caliphatus]] # [[Johannes Aurifaber (Vimariensis)]] # [[McDonald's]] # [[Conradus Ferdinandus Meyer]] # [[Parlamentum Erfordiense]] # [[Ricardus Evans Schultes]] # [[Associatio Esperantica Hiberniae]] # [[Historia Anastasii de Honestis (Botticelli)]] # [[Iulius Jüthner]] # [[Dominica in Palmis de passione Domini]] # [[Hippolytus (Euripides)]] # [[Aula Thuringiae]] # [[Chebeb]] # [[Ioannes Stadius]] # [[Pater noster]] # [[Psalmus 22]] # [[Dominica Resurrectionis Domini]] # [[Oleum (generale)]] # [[Hilarius Putnam]] # [[Ars coquinaria mediaevalis]] # [[Sirenes]] # [[Orestes (Euripides)]] # [[Aloysius Schmaus]] # [[Oedipus rex]] # [[Loca monticulosa Kazachstanica]] # [[Jean Paul]] # [[Polymestor]] # [[Insula Sancti Ludovici]] # [[Dionysius Keefe]] # [[Hecuba (Euripides)]] == Mense Maio 2022 promotae == # [[Oksana Zabuzhko]] # [[Andromaque (Racine)]] # [[Fredericus Ludovicus Schröder]] # [[Mistelbach]] # [[Nessus]] # [[Adversus Haereses (Irenaeus)]] # [[Ferdinandus Raimund]] # [[Helena (Euripides)]] # [[Hymnus Ucrainae]] # [[De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas]] # [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Ucrainae Vernadskiana]] # [[Basidiomycota]] # [[Lingua Coreana]] # [[Aves (Aristophanes)]] # [[Realismus scientificus]] # [[Kep Enderby]] # [[Omasa modo Cadomensi]] # [[Nicolaus Iohannis]] # [[Temperatura thermodynamica]] # [[Candidus Fuldensis]] # [[Candidus Fuldensis]] # [[Propria ad mensam Imperatoris principia]] # [[Aeacus]] # [[Altiplanum]] # [[Ferdinandus Maia]] # [[Ranae (Aristophanes)]] # [[Titus Brandsma]] # [[Trachiniae]] # [[Certamen poëticum Hoeufftianum]] # [[Ennominae]] # [[Museum Transsilvanicum]] == Mense Iunio 2022 promotae == # [[Gallus vinolentus]] # [[Habilitas physica]] # [[Petrus Frankopan]] # [[Sadko Hospes Dives]] # [[Apenninus]] # [[Spiritus Sanctus]] # [[Danapris]] # [[Hallgrimus Petraeus]] # [[Topiramatum]] # [[Franciscus Ruano]] # [[Electra (Sophocles)]] # [[Trinitas]] # [[Anthropophagia]] # [[Opus fundatum ecclesiarum munitarum]] # [[Tubulus renalis colligens]] # [[Clemens Brentano]] # [[Capaneus]] # [[Putin-mentula!]] # [[Phoenissae]] # [[Carolus Linnaeus]] # [[Domus Boerorum]] # [[Albertus Szent-Györgyi]] # [[Tabasco (liquamen)]] # [[A Moscua ad Galliculos]] # [[Vladimirus Filatov]] # [[Musica Romana antiqua]] # [[Septem contra Thebas (Aeschylus)]] # [[Elote]] # [[Cultura Ucrainae]] # [[Mauricius de Soliaco]] == Mense Iulio 2022 promotae == # [[Dies sideralis]] # [[Huldericus de Hutten]] # [[Lalibela]] # [[Ioannes Bellaius (cardinalis)]] # [[Observatorium Zimmerwald]] # [[Oedipus Coloneus (Sophocles)]] # [[Gudrida Simonis filia]] # [[Praesidium Franciscopolis]] # [[Croesus]] # [[Bloody Mary]] # [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] # [[Vestmannorum Insulae]] # [[Antonius Guilielmus Amo]] # [[Thesmophoriazusae]] # [[Prunus spinosa]] # [[Maunsel White]] # [[Navis longa Russica, abi in malam rem!]] # [[Kennethus Norton]] # [[Salzkammergut]] # [[Martinus Garrix]] # [[Theodicaea]] # [[Cleomenes I]] # [[Ioannes Pedius Tethingerus]] # [[Regio cervicalis anterior]] # [[Lysistrata]] # [[Isaacus Casaubonus]] # [[Abbatia Sancti Victoris]] # [[Genocidium Buchae factum]] # [[Abductio Turcica]] # [[Otto Grotewohl]] # [[Aiax (Sophocles)]] == Mense Augusto 2022 promotae == # [[Oberonia titania]] # [[Colossi Memnonis]] # [[Ioachimus Bellaius]] [[Categoria:Pagina prima]] [[Categoria:Paginae honoratae]] 2bft3er5ey9koqpmb9y5swdmqfyu7su 4 300726 3695757 3695660 2022-08-02T13:39:23Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* De arte mediaevali */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == MMXXII == [[Fasciculus:Fireworks on New Year's Eve in a small Swabian village (1), brightened.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.5|Spectaculum pyrotechnicum Suebicum]] Annum faustum, felicem, fortunatumque vobis omnibus precor! Legamus, scribamus, gaudeamus! [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 15:44, 1 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Fausta omnia tibi ceterisque Vicipaedianis. Proposito tuo subscribo.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:53, 1 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) == Vicipaedia:Pellicula mensis == Salvete omnes! Habemus [[Vicipaedia:Pellicula mensis]] (gratias {{ping|UV}} et elegi pelliculas per 2022. Estne bene hoc uti in pagina prima? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:23, 3 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Cur non? Anno novo quoddam novum faciamus. — Paginae primae columna prima nunc brevissima est, ibi pellicula inseri potest. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:29, 3 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::Bene, quis ergo possit paginam primam emendare? {{ping|UV}} fortasse? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:52, 5 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::: Nemine contradicente pelliculas mensium in paginam primam inserui. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:04, 6 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Gratias tibi {{ping|UV}}! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:55, 9 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) == Rogationem de annorum == Habemus rogationem de hoc [[:commons:TimedText:Uruk,_erste_Metropole_der_Weltgeschichte_(CC_BY_4.0).webm.la.srt]]: ''Ibi quattuor milia [annos / annorum?] ante Christum natum prima urbs post hominum memoriam condita est.'' Utitur ''annos'' aut ''annorum''? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:57, 9 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Post milia annorum melius. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:05, 10 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==The ling formula== Should languages named by the ling formula be adverbs or nouns? We notice that in "[[Lingua Scotica (Gadelica)]]," editor 2804:1054:3014:fde0:f045:7592:d7f5:8331 has changed <nowiki>{{ling|Scotice|Anglice}} to {{ling|Scotica|Anglica}}</nowiki> overnight. We notice also that the formula is given as <nowiki>{{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}</nowiki> in "[[Runcus Genuensium]]." What's the most appropriate way of coding this kind of information? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:09, 11 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Paginas de linguis Scotiae nunc semi-protexi. Editor anonymus, linguae Latinae expers, nomina linguarum in paginis de Scotia inutiliter mutat. :Scribimus e.g. de nexu externo monolingui <nowiki>{{Ling|Anglice}}</nowiki>; de nexu bilingui <nowiki>{{Ling|Anglice|Francogallice}}</nowiki>, etc. :UVbot interdum e.g. <nowiki>{{Ling|Anglice}}</nowiki> in <nowiki>{{Ling|Lingua Anglica{{!}}Anglice}}</nowiki> mutat: haec mutatio in facie paginae non videtur. Nobis neque expansionem ab UVbot factam imitare, neque revertere, necesse est. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:06, 11 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) == De pagina prima == When you visit our [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima]] from today on (and you are logged in), you may notice that Vicipaedia now will greet you using your username ;-) (You might beforehand need to reload the page, shift-reload the page and/or clear your browser cache to see the effect.) This greeting is a (hopefully pleasant) side-effect of me today adapting the top of our [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima]] to make sure everything will still work in the future: Possibly, the MediaWiki software developers will, within a few weeks or months, add a [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header#Anonymous users|“Sticky Header”]] near the top of the page may put some useful controls onto the same line as the article title. For this to work smoothly in the future, I have today removed our custom main page heading and re-enabled the standard one. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:35, 11 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Great, but the gadget doesn't know the vocative case. Of course, vocative is not needed for all nicknames, but for those that are needed, is it possible to specify a form somewhere? To change the ending -us to -e and -ius to -i. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 03:15, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :: Good idea, I have tried to include a manual workaround for the vocative case (see the source code of [[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin/vocative]]) – does it work now? If anyone else prefers a greeting in the vocative case on our pagina prima as well, do tell me and I will add your username to [[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin/vocative]]. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 20:18, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::Wow! Now it really makes an impression. — It seems to me, also [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] (one of those who often edits — and always corrects errors). And [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] — what about the space, it's unclear, maybe he will say. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:35, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::: Yes, thank you, I have added the two. If anyone prefers it some other way, please tell me! --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 22:42, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==De UVbot== Hodie in capsa editoria rei "[[Percy Liza]]," 190.237.93.100, editor ignotus, nobis dicit UVbot "is misbehaving or if there is just the slightest suspicion that the bot might be malfunctioning, please block it." Re vera? UVbot indecore se gerit? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:20, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) : UVbot «non annexa» formulam posuit et recte omnia fecit, nam non annexa est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 14:11, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :: Well, it could indeed happen that (a) I make a mistake while operating UVbot (nobody is perfect) or (b) there is a technical problem that causes UVbot to malfunction. If such a situation occurs, I invite everyone to raise the issue here in the Taberna or on my user talk page; and if the bot is still running and doing more harm, I invite every admin to block UVbot at sight. In the case at hand, I believe that UVbot did neither misbehave nor malfunction. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 20:06, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Indeed. Noster 190.237.93.100, editor ignotus, appears to be under the impression that the "Pagina non annexa" formula shouldn't be applied to pages lacking an incoming link, or at least to "[[Percy Liza]]." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:17, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::The last of those :) To put it in context, 190.237.93.100 has been spreading this footballer across many Wikipedias. The Latin page was just about acceptable as a start so we didn't delete it. 190.237.93.100 prefers the page not to have any templates on it, and has learned that bots can conveniently be accused of malfunctioning. It's up to us how we deal with such messages, taking due account of their origin. :::::As for the page, the text is far too short to be useful. If anyone wants to improve it and add an incoming link somewhere, great: if not, I suspect it will eventually be deleted. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:20, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==Formulae desideratae== Fortasse noster [[Usor:Klein Muçi]] or some other kind programmer would like to make the formulas printing nakedly in red under "De nominibus hodiernis" [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontus_Euxinus here] work. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :@[[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]], LaWiki was completely lacking technical foreign language support. I found myself in a rabbit hole where each module required 10 other modules to be imported so it worked. After 87 imports of modules and templates (my hands literally hurt :P ), the situation should be better. Unfortunately that is not the complete list of templates (the complete list requires +200 other templates to cover almost all the languages and scripts of the world) and some of the already imported templates may require further fine-tuning to be translated in Latin (that's actually easy to do) but I did what was needed to solve the current, immediate, problem I believe. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 14:14, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::Macte! Multas gratias tibi ago! Such labor! Who knew? Bravo! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::But the name of the language must be Latin, "Graece" and not "Greek" etc.; "romanized" — "litteris Latinis"? "Listen" — "audias" etc. Or is it easier to rewrite a paragraph without formulas. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 14:31, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::Yes, that's what I do. I don't know what benefit the templates offer. But all praise to Klein Muçi for doing the work. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:08, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], please, take a look at [[Module:Lang/data]]. You'll see a long list in red. The right part (the one in quotation marks, after the equals mark) is the part that needs to be translated for 90% of those cases you're referring to. Can you do that for me? I'll take care for the remaining ones in the end or fix any errors that might arise. ::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], to put it very simply, some computers are dumb when you offer them different languages or different scripts and they don't know how to render them and they may end up rendering question marks or other similar symbols instead. The work I did gives them metadata (data/information about the data they're reading) so they know what they're reading and therefore how to render them. That + some templates so they (computers) know how to render the [[w:en:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA symbols]]. The problem is that, as I said, there are many languages and scripts in the world and each have their own templates so, of course, there are a lot lacking currently. I only imported the basic ones needed for the system to work and the ones that were needed in that specific article. ::::How much IPA is needed here... That does require a discussion on its own. My vague idea is that given that IPA is universal per se, can be utilized everywhere but I'm not an expert on linguistics, let alone phonology. If you say that it is not needed, we can remove some templates related to IPA while keeping the other ones that help computers render text better. Even though I'd propose to wait a bit before acting, maybe that proves useful. ::::Thanks to everyone for the good words! :)) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 15:41, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Thanks for the explanation, Klein Muçi. I agree with you about IPA: it is international and acceptable, it is sometimes useful, but (since our focus is written Latin) IPA pronunciations of foreign names may not be truly useful in every case. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:55, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::As for editing the list of languages — I don't know, I'm not sure that these templates will be used; maybe one day. :::::And about the display of rare alphabets — now almost everything is displayed almost everywhere (thank you, Unicode), and when squares or question marks are visible, then the problem is in the user's device, and not in the template; I recently had a case with the Avestan alphabet — on one machine you can see even without a template, and on the other, and through the {{lang-ae}} template, it's still squares. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 16:19, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], the template you mentioned didn't exist in here. Just imported it. (You'll see that now it generates an error because it has no text defined, just the template itself.) Can you tell me more about the case you were talking about in there? Not an expert on this subject as I said (I've only dealt with this phenomenon briefly in the past) but maybe I'm able to help. And well done on the string translations! :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 23:20, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::I inserted those adverbia that I could; we don’t have articles about the rest and I don’t want to invent on the go. - <small>About Avestan - I was talking about Russian Wikipedia, and the case is the same in in English. Android and Linux shows Avestan even without a template, Windows even with template don't shows. These templates made sense around 2005, now it seems to me that they can (or should) also be eliminated in large wikipedias, they stand by inertia. </small> [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:13, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::I had the same impression as Demetrius when I looked at the use of these templates on en:wiki a while back and the long discussions about them over there. They surely seemed a good idea when invented but their real value may be small, and the more templates you see in the edit screen, the less you want to edit it. I quote from far above: "is it easier to rewrite a paragraph without formulas?" Yes, it could be. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:10, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::Maybe user @[[User:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] can explain us more on the whole subject as the creator of [[Module:Lang]]. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 22:33, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::For the record: while I was the writer of [[Module:Lang]], the wikitext templates existed long before I consolidated everything into Module:lang. :::::::::: ::::::::::I get the impression that editors here don't think that the language templates are important and that while they might have been useful 15 years ago, they are no longer useful. Were that the case, HTML5 (MediaWiki publishes articles in HTML5 markup) would have dropped the <code>lang=</code> attribute. The authors of the html5 standard have not done so; see [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes the standard]. Were the {{tlx|lang}} template not useful, editors at en.wiki would have long ago abandoned them. They have not done so; Module:lang is in use on more than 1.2 million en.wiki pages. Proper html language markup is important and the {{tlx|lang}} templates are intended to make it as easy as possible for wikipedia editors to write text in languages different from the local wikipedia's language. :::::::::: ::::::::::Here is, I think, a simple example – la.wiki doesn't have {{tlx|lang-ar}} so I've fudged this example with a direct call into Module:lang. I grabbed this Arabic text from [[Lingua Arabica]]. ::::::::::*[[Lingua Arabica]]: اللغة العربية الفصحى ← plain text mockup rendered by your browser using the default font ::::::::::*{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit|code=ar|text=اللغة العربية الفصحى|label=[[Lingua Arabica]]}} ← the same text with your browser choosing a font more appropriate to Arab-script text; the properly formatted html looks like this: ::::::::::*:<syntaxhighlight lang="html+handlebars" inline="1">[[Lingua Arabica]]: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">اللغة العربية الفصحى</span></syntaxhighlight> ::::::::::Much easier to use the template. If you are reading this page using a screen reader, the screen reader is more likely to correctly pronounce the Arabic words when they are wrapped in the proper html markup. ::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 00:32, 25 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::Yes, it slightly enlarges the Arabic font (but it can be enlarged in other ways). - It never occurred to me to look for a program that reads Latin aloud from the screen; maybe it exists. — Engage in templates if you like; I did what was asked of me for this. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:18, 25 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::My overall opinion on that is that it doesn't do any harm to provide that kind of support even if considered a small thing. The only concern is that it may overburden editors but new editors mostly work with VE (Visual Editor) and in there templates aren't really a concern. For the editors who would like to take the extra step and provide that technical support in the articles they're editing, the possibility will be there. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 23:57, 25 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::"Any harm" exists, while {{lang-ka|...}}, not [[Georgiane]], {{lang-ab|...}}, not [[Abasgice]]: ..., etc. Please, if they're already here, don't be harmful. Or delete. Suddenly someone will uses them? (I then immediately redid Pontus Euxinus without them, you can not think about it) [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:01, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) I don't use visual editor. If it does reduce the clutter effect of templates in the edit screen, that's surely a Very Good Thing. One of the points often discussed on en:wiki is, what categories of "foreign" text are appropriate for templating? This needs to be clear, and it strongly affects the value of a voiceover. Simple examples: *Foreign names for the page title, as part of a list of foreign names (which may be in the first paragraph or in an "etymology" or "toponymy" subsection). This is the case in the example we began with, [[Pontus Euxinus]]. I guess these need to be correctly voiced in the foreign language -- though the hearer will have difficulty understanding them, as spoken one by one, unless they are in a language the hearer already knows and spoken in an accent with which the hearer is familiar. *Foreign name adopted as our page title because there is no Latin name. I guess this needs to be pronounced with Latin phonemes, as a reasonable Latinist, not knowing the foreign language, would make an attempt at pronouncing it. Because if, every time it occurs in the text, the speaker switches to pure foreign pronunciation, that bit of the sentence will be lost to understanding. The distinction might relate more-or-less to whether we would use italics or not in written text. Those who have listened in a vehicle to a voiced GPS that is programmed to speak language A but give placenames and road numbers in language B will agree that the question needs thought! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:06, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Pronunciation is going to be a problem with certain spellings produced by speakers of Latin after late antiquity. For example, we have ''[[Pechinum]]''—to Cicero, something perhaps close to /peχinum/—because [[Matthaeus Ricci|Ricci]] and his Italian friends would have pronounced ''Pecinum'' more like /pet͡ʃinum/. For ''Pechinum,'' many modern Italians would actually say /pekinuma/ or in careful speech even /pekinum:a/ (as did Morgan), because final /m/ is awkward in their native phonology, but that's a different story. And then of course we have /χilia/ for the country spelled as ''[[Chilia]],'' but perhaps better (that is, classically) spelled as ''Tsilia'' or even ''Silia.'' At least we have ''[[Sicagum]]'' (not ''Chicagum''!) for 'Chicago', though attestations of pertinent adjectives include ''Chicaginiensis''—which in turn, more thoroughly applying the spelling conventions of "church Latin," should have been ''Chicaghiniensis'' (with another aitch) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:30, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::You're right. Long ago we found consensus for a style of written Latin. How can we select a pronunciation style? Should we? Is it proper for us to choose one? I don't know. ::Recte dicis. Stylum scripturae consensu iam diu selegimus; modum pronuntiatus quomodo eligere possumus? An nobis oportet? An re vera licet? Haud scio! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:55, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) One more note about the templates: plain <nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki> is slightly different from <nowiki>{{lang-ar}}, {{lang-fr}},</nowiki> etc. I've been using the former, which I think works fine as is for all ISO codes (correct me if I'm wrong). {{lang-ar}} removes the extra step of having to add "Arabice", but I don't think that's worth the extra effort of creating all the separate templates. For example: :<nowiki>{{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}}</nowiki> ⟶ {{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}} :<nowiki>{{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}}</nowiki> ⟶ {{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}} [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 22:36, 27 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :@[[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]], the ideal approach, if you ask me personally, would be that everyone who decides to use the lang templates cared to use the correct one and, if one didn't exist, the said user imported it. Eventually the majority would have been imported and there would come a user that would import the remaining part, consolidating the system and fine tune its details. This would be the best way to share work in a non-tiring, organic manner. But that's just my opinion. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:04, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::What to do with those that are already imported and do not work correctly (displaying titles in another language with, of course, broken links)? The user is not obliged to guess that the tool offered to him is (yet) harmful (<small>{{IPA-el|...}}}, {{IPA-all|...}}, {{Lang-ae|...}}, {{Lang-el|...}}, {{Lang-uk|...}}, {{Lang-tr|...}}, {{Lang-rus|...}}, {{Lang-ro|...}}, {{Lang-xmf|...}}, {{Lang-ka|...}}, {{Lang-crh|...}}, {{Lang-bg|...}}, {{Lang-hy|...}}, {{Lang-ady|...}}, {{Lang-zh|...}}, {{Lang-hbs|...}}, {{Lang-ab|...}}</small>). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:24, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], Rome wasn't built in a day. Progression takes time. What we currently have is more or less what I did in a frenzied hurry in less than 30 minutes some days ago. Assuming we're not going to delete everything really soon, I (and hopefully other editors) will continue to help fixing the problems, which I stopped after this discussion started happening about them. Given how template works, you need only to fix one and you'll immediately solve the problems in wherever that template is used, whatever those problems may be. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:35, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::To put it shortly, if we greenlight the use, I'll try to help fixing the problems. I just stopped for the discussion to conclude first because I didn't want to dedicate more time to something that might be deleted soon. :::::(Thanks for reporting the problematic cases!) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:38, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::We need to fix these 17 without waiting for the thousand years that Rome was built (or we need to prevent the possibility of their accidental use before the construction of Rome). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:46, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Yes, of course. I'll get to it in a few hours. I would have finished since that day to be honest but, as I said twice now, I stopped to wait and see the discussion's conclusion before so I'd be a bit more sure I wasn't working for nothing. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:53, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], it's just not clear to me that those templates add anything that <nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki> doesn't already provide. Do they do anything besides adding a link to the name of the language? [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 16:48, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::@[[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]], I believe not. @[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] can tell us more in that regard. :::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], apparently [[Module:Lang/data]] had to be updated with a different list which then had to be translated. I have done so, imported your translations and added some more. Can you please take a look and see if I've made any mistake or if you can add some more languages? I believe that will solve all the problems with templates in English. If you find any other problems, please do report here so we can try solving them. :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:49, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], also, can you translate the different kinds of Greek language here: [[Formula:IPA-el]]? The more, the merrier. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:01, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::{{tlx|lang}} at la.wiki is an old wikitext template and is not the same as <code><nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki></code> at en.wiki. The <code><nowiki>{{lang-??}}</nowiki></code> templates are the same as the en.wiki templates. The essential difference between the [[Module:Lang]]-supported <code><nowiki>{{lang-??}}</nowiki></code> templates and <code><nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki></code> is that <code><nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki></code> only marks-up the text (italics when appropriate and html); <code><nowiki>{{lang-??}}</nowiki></code> provides a language name prefix linked to the local article about that language and also has support for romanization and translation. ::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 12:53, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], {{tl|lang}} is the same as its homologue now. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:04, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::*Yes, I did as much as I could (that is, how many articles about languages we have - I must say, there are almost all of this list). - It is necessary that the word "language" not be added - now it does not work because of this ({{lang-uk|...}}). <small>(Note: we usually have a redirection from an adverb like [[Anglice]] to [[Lingua Anglica]], but in some cases this redirection has been forgotten; I should have made a list of these while I was looking at the titles, but I didn't figure it out in time. In general, the missing redirects - there are not so many of them - will have to be created one day)</small> — About IPA-el - I don’t understand how it is used, why there are links to dialects. But I translated them so that they lead to articles that are. — P.S. These categories, which early template now automatically adds to the end of the article, e.g. [[:Categoria:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text]], must either be translated (but this is not me) and sent to hidden, or make that they are not added (it is possible without category to check which articles contain the template). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:37, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::As I expect you already know, Demetri, the categories demanding to be created are listed at [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae_desideratae Categoriae desideratae]. If the categories are unnecessary, it might be better to revise the templates so that they don't demand categories, as you suggest in your last sentence. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:36, 2 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Oh God, there are almost a hundred of them and they spoil two or three thousand articles ... At the beginning of the discussion, one was spoiled - Pontus Euxinus, and now almost three thousand. @[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], all this should be turned off or deleted, it's a very big harm. (And for new ones, make that "langugage" is not added, or also delete it.) [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:36, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::I repeat that it was kind of Klein Muçi to respond immediately to Iacobus's request. But it was very unwise to embark on a big series of changes like this so hastily. Vicipaedia is a small wiki. Let's admit it, Latin is a minority interest. To attract and retain a readership we need our pages to read well and look good, and there are not many of us doing the work. Templates that don't function at all, or don't give a correct result in a Latin context, damage our pages and are bad for us. In my opinion, modules and templates that will need continuing work should not be introduced here at all unless discussion shows that the effort will be repaid by strong advantages. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:23, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Notice my test-edit of [[Formula:Polytonic]], which takes it out of this system: it thus reduces the number of pages currently demanding a badly-named category by about 2,000. The edit is easily reverted when anyone wishes to do so :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:07, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], hello! First I would ask you to relax. In Wikipedia nothing ever loses and every change can be undone with literally a click of a button if considered harmful, sometimes by many people. I do understand that seeing something not right and not knowing how to fix it can be alarming but I do repeat that even the wrongdoings of the biggest vandal in the world are 1 click away from being removed. ::::::::Now, in regard to the categories: They are all added because of them being present in one of the templates/modules. When working with the localization (that is, translation of the terms used in them) categories were left to be translated in the end. We have been working for quite some days now and you've helped me personally in that quest. We can't just do everything in the same day not only because the whole volunteering setting doesn't work like that in general but even if the work was paid and it was our only job, it still wouldn't make a difference because it takes time to develop a good product. ::::::::I'll go and deal with the categories now. I'll also look after the "language" part. We'll solve each problem as it comes and if we can't, we'll just revert back to its latest most stable state. ::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], personally I'm really grateful for the existence of this place as it allows me to easily read ever-evolving texts in Latin apart from the classical literature. Even if it may not show much because of me always typing in English and not being involved much in editing articles per se, I do spend quite some time reading them using the "random article" feature. What I imported lately mostly worked in the background, by doing overall rather minor changes, as it can be evidenced by some users having it hard to see the provided change itself. If deemed harmful, everything can be reverted. But, as you may know from some changes that we've done together in the past, it takes some time to fully localize a module and in this case, we're still in that process. Demetrius maybe got a bit rightfully alarmed because he thought that that was the final product or that maybe I'd disappear and leave the work in half but none of those options are true in this case. It's just that beside everyday real life issues, beside LaWiki, I also deal with SqWiki, SqQuote, EnWiki, some minor Mediawiki code changes and occasionally try to fight vandalism in other small wikis and I try to dedicate each project a fair share amount of time (EnWiki and Mediawiki less time given that those are bigger projects in which my absence would be felt less). - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:29, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::One of 2 categories was translated. (The other will soon join.) Please check one of the articles that was already showing this category in English and see if the provided translation works correctly. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:37, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::@[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], you do indeed do a lot of work for Vicipaedia -- I am very glad that you are also reading some Latin while you're here :) It's true, everyone is a volunteer and we should not be impatient about work that must necessarily take some time to complete. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:15, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::Wow! All those redlink categories seem to have disappeared ... If I didn't know someone was working away at this behind the scenes, I would say it was magic! OK, they have been replaced by others, which are still in mixed language, but perhaps easy to correct. For "Articles containing X" (where X is a language-name adverb) the Latin category name could be "Continetur textus X scriptus" (literally "text written in X is included"). For "Ancient Greek (to 1453)" all we need in Latin is "Graece". If languages change their names at a specific date -- which we may doubt -- there is no better date than 1453 for the change from ''Graece'' ("in Greek") to ''Neograece'' ("in modern Greek"). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:23, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], yes. Can you please show me one or two articles where these categories appear? It would make fine-tuning the translation easier. :::::::::::Also can you help me by translating the last template which is still in English from the templates that were imported lately? [[Template:IPA-all]] It has only 3 words which should be translated, the parts after the equal signs. "Local pronunciation", "locally" and "pronounced". I can provide more context if so needed. :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:34, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::My pleasure! I happened to look at the page [[Bitolia]]. As you will see, it contains several examples. Incidentally, when the example "Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)" is fully changed to "Continetur textus Graece scriptus", then it would be sensible to revert my edit to [[Formula:Polytonic]]: I think its 2000 pages will then show a nice Latin category name. As you may know, ancient Greek and Latin had a sort of symbiotic relationship over a very long period. This helps to explain why so many of our pages contain words or phrases in ancient Greek. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:45, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], okay, everything is fine, the development process is underway. But, for example, on an article, while the development process is underway, you can hang <nowiki>{{in progressu}}</nowiki>, or hide the unfinished stuff through <nowiki><!--- ... ---></nowiki>, and it will not be displayed; in general, an article can be written and tested in a draft in a personal space. I just don't know how to similarly secure templates, that are under development and require testing (so that they don't generate foreign language categories or require articles like [[Ucrainice language]]). - And I fully support the translation "textus (''adverbium'') scriptus continetur". [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:35, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::With templates under revision, there is often no way to avoid temporary display errors. We just have to say to ourselves "Vicipaedia perficienda est" (''Wikipedia is a work in progress''). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:03, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], these are the current changes that I've done: ::::::::::::::* Category:Articles containing <language>-language text → Category:Continetur textus <language> ::::::::::::::* Category:Articles with text in <language> languages → Category:Articuli continentes textum <language> ::::::::::::::Correct me if I'm wrong. ::::::::::::::There is also one last category left of which I'd like your help: ::::::::::::::* Articles containing explicitly cited Latin-language text ::::::::::::::This is formed by adding the string we've used above (Continetur textus) + a translated string for "explicitly cited", which you'll need to give me. ::::::::::::::And thank you for the already provided translations in the IPA template! :) ::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], we can actually create "surrogate templates" that have all the code of the template that we want to create but a different name used just for testing purposes and use it on a draft article (a surrogate article) but it does require more than double the effort and personally I use that method only for templates that make substantial changes to the articles. In our case I considered the changes to be of a minor type and we had to import over 80 templates and modules to begin with, a number which would made the described method almost impossible to utilize. As I've said above, I wouldn't want to upset anyone around here, let alone bring harm to the current articles. If you remember my first ever discussion here, I asked to help around in technical matters just because I was happy for what I found here. I'll try to be even faster in future cases in localizing processes so you won't see much of the development. That will make the transition be way more subtle. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:53, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::Τhey need to be moved in any case to "Categoriae celatae", in the second line [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:56, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], yes. After the categories get created, they should be hidden as most (if not all) maintenance categories in most projects are. I'm just waiting to get a comment from user Andrew about the correct form of them so he won't need to delete them again to fix my mistakes. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 02:14, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::Will a category "Articles containing explicitly cited Latin-language text" ever be useful to anybody? This is Vicipaedia! we talk about the Latin name of something on every page that extends for more then a sentence or two. Show me where such a category is used on another Wikipedia and I might grasp it better. :::::::::::::::::OK, on the other questions above, how do the two category groups differ from one another? Show me a case where the first text "Continetur textus ..." will not be appropriate for members of the second group. :::::::::::::::::About the name for the first category group: it seems to me very itchy Latin to terminate the whole name with a language adverb. Try to wrap the language adverb inside "Continetur textus [Anglice] scriptus". If anyone thinks I'm fussing unnecessarily about this, please say so! There may eventually be a lot of cases, so it's worth getting it right. :::::::::::::::::Nomen "Categoria:Continetur textus [Anglice]" mihi barbare sonat. Nomen "Categoria:Continetur textus [Anglice] scriptus" vehementer urgeo! An alii consentiunt? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:17, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::Ita! Sic! Certe! Vero! ''Continetur textus [Anglice] scriptus'' nobis melius sonat. Sed fortasse ''Continetur textus [Anglicus]'' optime sonabit? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:48, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::Ita, optime! Sed, si hac locutione utimur, necesse erit novam enumerationem nominum linguarum exscribere ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:31, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::I must agree Iacobus's version is better still ... but it will need a new list of language names based on the masculine form of the adjective. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:31, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::Maybe @[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] can be far more useful than me for providing context for the categories in this case, sparing me some detective work on EnWiki. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:59, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::At en.wiki, [[Module:Lang]] links to three category types (ignoring error categories): :::::::::::::::::::::*for individual and macrolanguages (most ISO 639-1, -2-, -3 language tags are associated with individual languages; some ISO 639-3 languages are macrolanguages): :::::::::::::::::::::*:<code><nowiki>[[Category:Articles containing</nowiki> <''language-name''>-language text]]</code> :::::::::::::::::::::*for ISO 639-1, 2 collective languages (these names in the standard all have the form: <code><''language-name''> languages</code> – an rfc decided on this form): :::::::::::::::::::::*:<code><nowiki>[[Category:Articles with text in</nowiki> <''language-name''> languages]]</code> :::::::::::::::::::::*for English (this category exists because, in general, it is inappropriate to markup English text at en.wiki which is already marked up as English text; there are good reasons to markup English text so that is why this is not an error category): :::::::::::::::::::::*:<code><nowiki>[[Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text]]</nowiki></code> :::::::::::::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 14:39, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::OK, I understand. Thanks very much, Trappist. Can do. But let's decide how we're dealing with the main group (note also Demetrius's comment below) and then a form of words can be devised for these (very rare) cases also. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:41, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], so, should Latin also mark up Latin text? ::::::::::::::::::::::Also, for my personal and maybe other's curiosity here, what exactly is meant with "macrolanguages" and "collective languages"? Because that's what seems to be the main difference between the 2 aforementioned categories. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 15:34, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::As at en.wiki, generally no, so the category catches improper use of {{tlx|lang|la|...}}. But, there are occasions when such use is appropriate, for example, Latin text within text from another language.—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 15:55, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::::::Yes, I never thought of that! I can imagine it! As above, when we know which style we're using for the whole group of categories, we can add a name for this one too. No problem. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:32, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::See [[:en:ISO 639-2#Collective language codes]] and [[:en:ISO 639 macrolanguage]].—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 15:55, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::Another list of languages (with a masculine form, not with an adverb) is not a problem, I'll make it from the existing one - I just don't know where to insert it. (the existing one still cannot be removed, it is for the text of articles, not for categories). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:36, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], so do we have a translation for the last category now? (Or even better translations for the first 2 I translated?) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:39, 8 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :It has become a little complicated. Questions to answer in sequence: * Is it possible to build in a second list of language names, this time in the form of masculine adjectives ("Latinus", "Anglicus" etc. = X2) :: If Yes, best of all: Demetrius [says above that he] will make list X2, and the category name (as suggested by Iacobus) will be "Continetur textus X2". Go ahead with that. * If No, OK then, is it possible to wrap the category name around the language name? :: If Yes to this, second best: the category names can have the form "Continetur textus X1 scriptus" (as I already suggested above, and using the existing list of language names X1). Go ahead with that. * If No, OK then, third best, the category names had better be in the form "X1 citatur", meaning, with super-Tacitean compression, "There is a citation in X1". Not so readily understood, but it will be a hidden category after all ... :: Right, then, the the names of categories for macrolanguages and language groups can be based directly on the names of the pages -- or future pages -- about these groups. I think a list, X3, will still be wanted, to ensure that they are in a standard plural form e.g. "linguae Italicae". The category names will be "X3 citantur" meaning e.g. "Italic languages are cited". :: Finally, if a text in Latin is marked up, the category name can be "Lingua Latina intra textum citatur", meaning "There is a citation in Latin inside a/the text". The ambiguity "a/the" is useful here. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:41, 8 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]]: ::# This ''second list of language names'' is assumed to replace the first one, no? ::# I believe we can make the category's syntax however we want as long as it is not very dynamic (there aren't different words appearing and disappearing in different cases) ::# We can deal in the end with this special case. But here you mention a third list. Again, if we're meaning to replace the existing ones, that's easy enough. If we want different lists for different cases, I believe that would require substantial technical reworks that go beyond my technical capabilities. ::Maybe you can have a clearer idea if you take a look at the code we're talking about yourself: [[Module:Lang#L-591|Click here]] and you'll see the documentation for the 3 categories. Then below that, you'll see the 2 categories that I've already translated and a part of the third which should be translated (the third one is created by using parts of the existing ones above + that). Then you go and compare everything with the original code [[w:en:Module:Lang#L-591|in EnWiki]] and you'll understand what I've changed and why. There are literally only 3 lines I've changed so it should be easy enough. That will make the bigger picture clearer maybe. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:04, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Thank you for your patience! I understand about the difficulty of incorporating two lists of language names. Extra construction work of that kind for just one Wikipedia is not really desirable. So we move to the second best option. No problem. I am busy with life till late today but as soon as I can I will have a look at the code and either correct it, or tell you how to correct it. OK? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:26, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], of course. Thanks for your fast response! :)) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:00, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::You make it seem easy, Klein Muçi! Yes, I have edited those lines of the module. I hope they work. There is no need in Latin to distinguish the macrolanguage and group categorues from the others: it will just be necessary, in the list of languages, to write the names of language groups in the ablative, because an adverb does not work, e.g. "linguis Italicis". This is likely to be a rare case, anyway. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:43, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Yes, great, it's gotten a lot better. - But there is still [[:Categoria:Continetur_textus_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)_scriptus|Continetur_textus_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)_scriptus]] left (231 pages)? ...textus Graece (ante 1453)... I would do it myself, I don't know where. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 05:51, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::As I said far above, there's no need for the 1453. The reason for its presence is that it is contradictory ''in English'' to claim that all Greek until 1453 is "Ancient" but they want to say it anyway. However, it's not contradictory for us to say that all Greek is "Graece" until we begin to say "Neograece". Those terms are easily defined: no need for a semi-fictional date in parentheses. :::::::But no, I can't find it either! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:24, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::I'll try to find it now. Meanwhile, speaking of Greek, @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], can you translate the first lines and the last ones in this template {{tl|IPA-el}}? There are words like "locally" "pronunciation", "pronounced", "modern" etc. that are left in English. Saw it now while I was searching for the template causing that. The translation will be similar to what you did with the general IPA template some days ago. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:57, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], <u><nowiki>{{lang|el|word}}</nowiki></u> works as intended, while <u><nowiki>{{lang|grc|word}}</nowiki></u> gives category ''Continetur textus <u>Ancient Greek (to 1453)</u> scriptus''. I can't see any code for that beside [[Module:Lang/data#L-373]] but it's not in the localizations table. Is that a kind of English fallback? Anyway we can remap it? - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:08, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::Ancient Greek (to 1453) comes from [[Module:Lang/data]] from [[Module:Language/data/iana languages]] from [[:en:IANA|IANA]] [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file] from [https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/grc ISO639-3]. It is not something made up by the editors at en.wiki. :::::::::: ::::::::::[[Module:Lang]] does not strip parenthetical disambiguators from category names so that different languages with the same name (for example: Ainu <code>aib</code> China; Ainu <code>ain</code> Japan) will be categorized separately. :::::::::: ::::::::::[[Module:Lang/data]] exists to override the names provided by IANA. Create an entry there for whatever flavor of <code>grc</code> you want. ::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 13:04, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], thank you! I was afraid of using THAT list of overrides because of the code name being the only one in 3 letters. It worked fine. :::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], check [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data&diff=3670130&oldid=3670084 this diff]. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:13, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::Well done, @[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]]! We may well need to override some other parenthetical insertions in category names, but thanks to @[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] we now know how to do it. ::::::::::::Since this category name now looks good, I can revert my edit to [[Formula:Polytonic]] and I may as well go ahead and [[:Categoria:Continetur textus Graece scriptus|create the category]]. It has more than 2000 members. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:33, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::Optime; now with the categories that the old templates suddenly began to generate, by common efforts (almost) everything is OK. The word "language" remains in the new templates ({{Lang-ae|...}}, {{Lang-el|...}}, {{Lang-uk|...}}, {{Lang-tr|...}}, {{Lang-rus|...}}, {{Lang-ro|...}}, {{Lang-xmf|...}}, {{Lang-ka|...}}, {{Lang-crh|...}}, {{Lang-bg|...}}, {{Lang-hy|...}}, {{Lang-ady|...}}, {{Lang-zh|...}}, {{Lang-hbs|...}}, {{Lang-ab|...}}) - where does it turn off? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 05:20, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], I'm sorry but I'll have to ask you again on this. I can't find anything on Lang/data for that specifically. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:34, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::At en.wiki [[Module:Lang]] links to language articles through <code>&lt;''language-name''> language</code> redirects. This avoids ambiguity and allows the Module to output a consistent link format that does not require fixing with every update of the IANA [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file]. Redirects are free and MediaWiki handles them efficiently. Use redirects. ::::::::::::::The language names in [[Module:Lang/data]] should be names only: <code>Slavica ecclesiastica</code>, not <code>lingua Slavica ecclesiastica</code>, etc. Use redirects. ::::::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 12:56, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::[Just for context, in case it's useful:] "Slavica ecclesiastica", like "Latina", is not a language name. Those words are just adjectives. "Latina", without other context, means "a woman from Lazio"; "Slavica ecclesiastica", without context, means "a Slav woman who is a church member". :::::::::::::::If we have a language adverb available, like "Latine", that makes it easy. "Latine" means "in a Latin way", and the most usual context for such an expression is linguistic, so any reader will understand "Latine" as "with Latin speech" or "in the Latin tongue". That fits the context of these categories nicely. If we don't have an adverb we can use, the correct way to substitute for it is with a phrase in the ablative, "lingua Twi" (singular) or "linguis Akan" (plural): "in the Twi tongue", "in the Akan tongues". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:00, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::I haven't understood the problem that Demetrius mentions: can someone link to a page on which one of these redlinks to [[XXX language]] appears? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:08, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::These new templates (<nowiki>{{Lang-xx|...}}</nowiki>), which link to an article about a language, take the name of the language from the list (we have edited it and, in any case, it is clear how to edit it) and add the English word "language" to it, and therefore the link does not work; for example {{Lang-tr|...}} (click on it) requires [[Turcice language]] instead of [[Turcice]], and all the others above. — And if they cannot be configured, these 15 must be deleted or, at least, somehow removed to a safe place, to some test space, so that the person, who copied the text with them from another wiki, does not fall into this trap. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 16:34, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::I get it now. Thank you for explaining, Demetri. Now I understand better the point raised by Lesgles above. So, if none of these new "lang-" templates is currently in use (I have just verified that), and <nowiki>{{Lang|...}}</nowiki> can be used in their place, and no one (not even Klein Muçi) can quite see how to configure them, it seems to me also that it would be wise to delete the "lang-" templates quickly and move on. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:29, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], maybe I haven't understood you correctly but I'm finding the courage to press on this one more time: The problem is the "language" part, (the language "suffix"). Can we twist Module:Lang in such a way that instead of "language" it uses "lingua"? (Or maybe remove it altogether, if so needed?) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:04, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::There is an adverb in the templates that matches our redirects, no need to add "lingua" to it (it will be absurd again, the same as with "language"). It is necessary that nothing be added to it (neither "lingua" nor "language"), it will work. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 05:07, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::I agree: ''no added word'' is what we need. Incidentally, there are other languages in which the naming of languages is handled in a similar way to Latin. Greek would be an example. So a solution to this issue would help the transfer of these templates to other wikis. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:50, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) There seems to be another challenge with the {{fnp|Lang|…}} template: <code><nowiki>{{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}}</nowiki></code> gives : {{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}}, and <code><nowiki>{{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}}</nowiki></code> gives : {{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}}, but when I hover my mouse over the foreign-language text, a tooltip "Graece-language text"/"Sinice-language text" is displayed, which is a horrible and ungrammatical mixture between a Latin language adverb and English words. We should discuss how this should read (I would propose "textus Graece scriptus"/"textus Sinice scriptus", but maybe there are better suggestions), and it would be good if someone would find out where to change this tooltip text – I would consider it a bad idea to keep it as it reads now. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 23:53, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :It is possible to write simply "Graece scriptum", "Sinice scriptum" (but simply "Graece", "Sinice" is too lapidary). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:27, 14 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Well observed, UV! I agree that we have to change this. Either your phrase or Demetrius' phrase would suit us, in my opinion. For brevity, perhaps "Graece scriptum" is better. But can we make the change? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:24, 14 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Some other wikis that use the "lang" template series don't show any tooltips. We could accept that as a solution, I think :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:19, 14 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::I'll check the tooltip part soon. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 10:59, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:UV|UV]], @[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], you can modify that part to your wish [[Module:Lang#L-577|here]]. There are 4 lines for different cases. Modify the parts in red. Be careful to respect the spaces and hyphen parts. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:04, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Thanks, it's off. - I did the minimum: now the tool tip is just "Graece". I tried to write "scriptum", but the grace of the gods was no longer enough for this. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:09, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Maybe I have achieved "... scriptum". If I caused any error, Demetri, please revert my edit. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:21, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Alexander Carbonarius == <small><i>(quaestio nova fortuite in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium_31|tabularium]] inserta est, huc moveo, — [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 13:15, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC))</i></small><br> Da ich leider nicht weiß, wo ich sonst fragen kann, versuche ich es hier mal wieder. Von Gregor von Nyssa habe ich einen Text in Alt-Griechisch gefunden. Mit Hilfe des Internets konnte ich keine Übersetzung finden. Vielleicht hier? Der Text ist von hier: http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/04z/z_0330-0395__Gregorius_Nyssenus__De_vita_Gregorii_Thaumaturgi__MGR.pdf.html Es geht mir ausschließlich um drei Zeilen: Zeilen: [00360] Καὶ τίς οὗτος, φησὶν, ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, οὗ τὴν µνήµην πεποίησθε; [00361] Εἶτά τινος τῶν συµπαρόντων ἐν γέλωτι παραγαγόντος εἰς µέσον τὸν µνηµονευθέντα, ῥακίοις πιναροῖς ἠµφιεσµένον, οὐδὲ ὅλῳ τῷ σώµατι, καὶ ἅµα δεικνύντα τῷ φαινοµένῳ τὴν ἐργασίαν χερσί τε καὶ προσώπῳ, καὶ τῷ λοιπῷ σώµατι κατεῤῥυπωµένον τῇ ἐργασίᾳ τῶν ἀνθράκων, τοῖς µὲν λοιποῖς γέλωτος ἦν ὑπόθεσις, ἐν µέ σοις τοιοῦτος ἑστὼς ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, τῷ δὲ διορατικῷ ἐκείνῳ ὀφθαλµῷ πολλὴν παρεῖχεν ἔκπληξιν τὸ γινόµενόν τε καὶ ὁρώµενον· [00378] Πάντων δὲ πρὸς τὸν νέον ἱερέα ἀποβλεπόντων, προτραπείς τινα πρὸς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν λόγον ποιήσασθαι, ἔδειξεν εὐθὺς ἐν προοιµίοις τῆς ἀρχῆς ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος ἄψευστον ἐπ' αὐτῷ τοῦ µεγάλου Γρηγορίου τὴν κρίσιν Da wird was über Alexander, dem Köhler/Alexander Carbonarius (Heiliger und Bischof) erzählt? Ich weiß, hier geht es um Latein, aber ich habe die Hoffnung, dass hier auch viele Alt-Griechisch können. Kennt jemand evtl. einen Link zu einer deutschen Übersetzung, oder kann auf die Schnelle(!) grob(!) sagen, worum es in den drei Zeilen geht? Danke [[Usor:Qwertzu111111|Qwertzu111111]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Qwertzu111111|disputatio]]) 16:10, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) * (This page is already archived, you probably made a mistake, it is better to move the question [[Vicipaedia:Taberna|to the current tabernа]].) — Sorry, I am not fit to make a translation into German or English, but it tells how St. Gregory Thaumaturgus chose Alexander as bishop, a simple coal-burner, in tatters and completely black from coal (colorfully described), and all the people gathered in the church looked at him with bewilderment, but Alexander immediately turned to them with such a speech that everyone understood that Gregory was wonderfully perspicacious. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:11, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :: thanks for your quick and kind response. Yes, I made a mistake. sorry for that. It sounds like the content is that: https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01295c.htm? [[Usor:Qwertzu111111|Qwertzu111111]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Qwertzu111111|disputatio]]) 22:23, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==Categoria:Genera animalium== I thought we'd finished applying this category (and similar categories in the set) to all appropriate articles, but several spiders not so marked just turned up. Do other such articles exist? Would it be possible for someone to construct a program that would list any articles that have, say, the word ''Animalia'' in a taxobox but not the category "..... animalium" (where "....." can be ''species'' or ''genera'' or ''tribus'' and so forth)? ¶ And then of course with plants (having ''Plantae'' in a taxobox). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:31, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :You're right: much was done, but it was not a job that could be completed 100% manually. :We still have some survivals of a very ancient kind of taxobox, and not all the articles concerned have taxoboxes at all -- they don't have anything predictable in common, not even that -- but ''nearly'' all of them do, and your solution, if it can be applied, would pick up all of those. The aim would be to list all the articles (a) with ''Animalia'' or ''Plantae'' in a taxobox (b) currently lacking any category that is a subcategory of [[:Categoria:Taxa gradu digesta]]. Yes, it seems a good idea to me. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:51, 27 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==Default location & size of images== If memory serves, the default in Vicipaedia is that fasciculi print flush right at a size of 250px (or upright=1); therefore, the word ''right'' and an indication of size don't need to be written into the code. However, in "[[Monumentum Nationale Marinum Papahānaumokuākea]]," if the word ''right'' is omitted from the code, the first image, a map, prints flush ''left.'' Also, if an indication of size (either via px or via "upright') is omitted there, the image prints extra-large, all the way across the screen. Do we have bugs in the system? or do these irregularities come from something particular to that image? ~~ : The word <code>thumb</code> was missing. I added it and now everything works as usual ;-) --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 22:56, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Well I'll be darned. But that raises another point: evidently "thumb" isn't needed if "right" and an indication of size are present. In other words, only two of those criteria are required. (I'd always thought "thumb" was obligatory.) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 00:02, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::: We should generally use <code>thumb</code>. Omitting <code>thumb</code> and adding <code>right|250px</code> produces a different result: an image without the gray frame that usually holds the image caption (in fact, in this case the image caption is usually invisible): ::: {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" |- | '''Preferred:''' With <code>thumb</code> | [[File:Example.svg|thumb|This image caption is displayed on the screen.]] |- | '''Should generally not be used:''' Without <code>thumb</code>, using <code><nowiki>right|250px</nowiki></code>. Note that the image caption is usually not visible on the screen. | [[File:Example.svg|right|250px|This image caption is usually not visible on the screen.]] |} ::: --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 00:20, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Thanks! Good to know! I've always tried to use "thumb" myself anyway, since it's more efficient—because, by permitting "right" and an indication of size to be omitted, it reduces the potential number of octeti that constitute an article. (I do, however, reduce the size of most images that appear on the ''left,'' and of some ''subsidiary'' images on the right; furthermore, some kinds of images, especially those on the left, like flags & simple symbols, can profitably be minimized, down to "upright=0.5" or even smaller.) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:08, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Formula: Ludus == Salve! I stumbled upon the aforementioned template. It appears to be an old template which has been replaced with {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} in 2013. However 2 articles remain that still use it: [[Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Formula:Ludus]]. I'd suggest someone edited the said articles to use the new template and then delete the old one. {{tl|Ludus}} is rendered in gigantic proportions ruining overall article formatting. Pinging user @[[Usor:UV|UV]] given that he's been the last editor to deal with {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}}. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 03:38, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) : {{fn|Ludus}} and {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}} are identical in the sense that {{fn|Ludus}} redirects to {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}}. There are only three articles that use this template ([https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specialis%3ANexus+ad+paginam&target=Formula%3ACapsa+ludi+electronici&namespace=0]). Generally, I am not too fond of infoboxes (with the exception of those infoboxes that get their content exclusively from Wikidata, see the ''Capsa xyz Vicidata'' templates at [[:Categoria:Formulae Vicidata]]). I prefer an article text with complete Latin sentences to "pieces of information" in an infobox, see e.g. this old discussion here: [[Disputatio Formulae:Capsa hominis/draft]]. If I remember correctly, a consensus formed several years ago '''not to add any new infoboxes that would require local content''', only Vicidata infoboxes that get their content from Wikidata only. That said, I would not object if someone wants to remove the infobox from those three articles. Afterwards, {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}} (and its corresponding redirect, {{fn|Ludus}}) could be deleted. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:49, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:UV|UV]], I was searching for a Wikidata template but I wasn't able to find one for this case. {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} is better than {{tl|Ludus}} in formatting aspects so the hope was for someone to make those 2 articles ( ::''World of Warcraft'' and ''Baldur's Gate'') use the first ones instead of the later one as an immediate solution and then decide what a better absolute solution would be for articles about electronic games in general. Those 2 articles are currently very hard to read because of {{tl|Ludus}}. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:01, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::: I repeat that {{fn|Ludus}} redirects to {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}}. It does so since 2013. The way an article is displayed to the reader will therefore not change (or improve) if {{fn|Ludus}} is being changed to {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}}. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 17:04, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:UV|UV]], I know that but the example in {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} looks well-formatted, as opposed to the result that we see on articles. So I thought that was coming because they were utilizing {{tl|Ludus}} or were using characters in a bad manner. But most likely it's because {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} is outdated itself. So there's no help coming from Wikidata in this case, eh? - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 17:17, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::I guess Wikidata is mentioned because of our biographical (etc.) infoboxes that draw data from Wikidata -- am I right? Computer games bore me, I'm sorry to say, but if Klein Muçi or anyone else wanted to adapt an infobox for computer games, they can of course use these designs. They are native to Vicipaedia (drawing on work done here by several editors). Adapting them to more subject areas, e.g. computer games, can be a very easy thing to do -- if the required data is present at Wikidata. :::::Cur ad Vicidata alludimus? Fortasse propter nostras capsas informationis (biographicas etc.) quae data ex Vicidata extrahunt? De ludis computatralibus laborare nolo (date veniam!), sed si quis designationes Vicipaedicas ad ludos computatrales accommodare vult, aut ad alias disciplinas, certe potest. Facile erit, si data iam apud Vicidata exstant. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:54, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Noting UV's observation that very few Vicipaedia pages call for this template, a better use of time, Klein Muçi (or anyone else), might be to adapt an infobox for films on our existing model. We have many pages that require it. That, also, would probably be a quick task. If you try it, you'll soon see how it works and (who knows?) you might conclude that the model could be transferred to other small wikis. ::::::UV recte supra dicit: perpaucae paginae nostrae capsam de ludis electronicis requirunt. Ergo fortasse melius erit hoc tempore, si quis velit, formularium nostrum capsarum informationis ad usum paginarum de pelliculis cinematographicis accommodare. Facile erit (mea mente). Is qui temptet fortasse idem formularium censebit in alias Vicipaedias minores transferendum esse. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:26, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], I'm a fan of Wikidata but I've never got the chance to utilize its power up until now because the environments (wiki projects) I usually deal with don't give too much freedom in using or creating infoboxes that draw data from out of the project, fearing vandalism issues. Because of that I'd be excited to try and help in what you suggest (the film's infobox). If I have any good results to report, I'll be back here. :::::::In regard to all the {{tl|Ludus}}/{{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} thing, I was hoping for you to direct me to an already established Wikidata infobox (similar to the one used for bios, etc. as you mention) but apparently it doesn't exist. :::::::And I'd like to really thank you personally for providing the Latin text below your answers. It's an extra step you're taking that's beneficial to many people for many reasons. For me it does help a lot to get better at my Latin reading. I really wish I could reply back in the same language but I lack the courage and the skill to do that. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:11, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::Yes, there are problems with the data in Vicidata, including occasional vandalism. That is why I named Vicidata, and added the logo, at the head of the infobox. It's not our data. However, in the great majority of cases, it is a useful supplement to our pages. ::::::::Recte dicis: errores exstant et vandalismus accidit apud Vicidata. Hac ratione nomen et emblema Vicidatorum ad caput capsarum posui, ut qui diceret "Haec data non sunt nostra". Sed plurimis casibus hae capsae res utiles paginis nostris addunt. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:20, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], I tried dealing with this (studied some Wikidata templates in other wikis) but I couldn't, I'm sorry. Creating a Wikidata template from scratch was a bit too hard for me. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 03:02, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::I should have explained more fully: the general layout for all these infoboxes is given by [[Formula:Capsa Vicidata]]; the details specific to each topic area -- mainly, the fields at Wikidata from which we draw our data, the way we place it in the box, and the Latin text with which we label it -- are given in a formula for each topic area, for example, [[Formula:Capsa urbis Vicidata]]. Did you see that? But if you prefer I'll have a go at the films myself in a couple of days. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:27, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Novus articulus == Salvete, [[Usor:Llaaww/Sandbox|novum articulum]] scripsi, sed nescio ubi eum submittere, ut revisionatus sit a expertibus et publicari posset. Gratias ago. <br> [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Dispitatio usoris:Llaaww|Disputatio]]) 06:57, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :Vicipaedia, ut in centum miliis commentariorum iam editorum facillime videtur, numeris Romanis annisque A.U.C. non utitur. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:57, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) Multas gratias ago! Articulus creavi. --[[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 17:26, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ==Egregiously missing articles== For reference: these are the articles that Meta says are most egregiously missing from Vicipaedia (as of 16 February 2022), linked to their Q-numbers and titles in English. Adding them will improve [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles our score]. These and the other 2,592 egregiously missing articles (plus the 7,408 most important articles already present) are found [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Paginae_quas_omnibus_Wikipediis_contineri_oportet/Expansio here]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:59, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) {{div col|4}} #<s>[[d:Q81068910|COVID-19 pandemic]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q11254|table salt]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q15083|giraffe]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q13191|orange]]</s> 0 #<s>[[d:Q81|carrot]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q39546|tool]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q18756|UEFA Champions League]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q36442|political science]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q37383|peanut]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q25272|ampere]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q43514|theory of relativity]] 0</s> #[<s>[[d:Q41298|magazine]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q1968|Formula One]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q42804|beard]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q42962|oil]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q41975|Mongols]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q44167|engine]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q901|scientist]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q2005|JavaScript]] 0</s> #[[d:Q36810|quadrilateral]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q41159|rhombus]] 0</s> #[[d:Q122224|birth control]] 0 #[[d:Q131144|Tom and Jerry]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q42240|scientific research]] 0</s> #[[d:Q134859|pertussis]] 0 #[[d:Q40970|International Olympic Committee]] 0 #[[d:Q9448|Premier League]] 0 #[[d:Q47213|Warren Buffett]] 0 #[[d:Q4116214|accounting]] 0 #[[d:Q46303|trapezoid]] 0 #[[d:Q57216|plate]] 0 #[[d:Q155223|National Basketball Association]] 0 #[[d:Q41273|momentum]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q81197|nuclear physics]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q28692|Pimpinella anisum]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q3840065|atomic mass]] 0 #[[d:Q99895|pillow]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q160554|Mohammad Ali Jinnah]] 0</s> #[[d:Q39809|marketing]] 0 #[[d:Q768575|lens]] 0 #[[d:Q41591|Ohm's law]] 0 #[[d:Q29294|Willis Tower]] 0 #[[d:Q1445650|holiday]] 0 #[[d:Q126017|distance]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q6102450|list of chemical elements]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q25372|drama]] 0</s> #[[d:Q7313|Yuan Empire]] 0 #[[d:Q43183|insurance]] 0 #[[d:Q385378|construction]] 0 #[[d:Q8799|byte]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q13182|Litchi chinensis]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q165308|pumpkin]] 0 #[[d:Q180600|humidity]] 0 #[[d:Q43015|finance]] 0 #[[d:Q165447|pen]] 0 #[[d:Q27695|Shaka Zulu]] 0 #[[d:Q23757|limestone]] 0 #[[d:Q80732|Tenzing Norgay]] 0 #[[d:Q48282|student]] 0 #[[d:Q47083|ohm]] 0 #[[d:Q83085|Soviet–Afghan War]] 0 #[[d:Q78994|Napoleonic Wars]] 0 #[[d:Q11584|Iker Casillas]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q8475|Interpol]] 0</s> #[[d:Q93189|egg]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q43250|Gestapo]] 0</s> #[[d:Q93196|Bollywood]] 0 #[[d:Q7749|rock and roll]] 0 #[[d:Q47574|unit of measurement]] 0 #[[d:Q34508|video recording]] 0 #[[d:Q129286|British India]] 0 #[[d:Q60235|caffeine]] 0 #[[d:Q80026|erosion]] 0 #[[d:Q75698|Samuel Finley Breese Morse]] 0 #[[d:Q45701|waste]] 0 #[[d:Q174211|organic compound]] 0 #[[d:Q103774|Ravi Shankar]] 0 #[[d:Q132821|murder]] 0 #[[d:Q44980|Alex Ferguson]] 0 #[[d:Q6686|Renault]] 0 #[[d:Q45393|sea piracy]] 0 #[[d:Q19771|G20]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q66|Boeing]] 0</s> #[[d:Q3294789|magnetism]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q134465|Newton's law of universal gravitation]] 0</s> #[[d:Q127920|covalent bond]] 0 #[[d:Q52139|climatology]] 0 #[[d:Q44395|pascal]] 0 #[[d:Q178810|Syrian Civil War]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q7462|Song dynasty]] 0</s> #[[d:Q351|Yellowstone National Park]] 0 #[[d:Q260858|UEFA European Championship]] 0 #[[d:Q35216|Zhou dynasty]] 0 #[[d:Q2920921|management]] 0 #[[d:Q34216|Mossad]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q797848|Babur]] 0</s> #[[d:Q83672|Shah Jahan]] 0 #[[d:Q124164|alternating current]] 0 #[[d:Q82580|friction]] 0 #[[d:Q166747|parliamentary system]] 0 #[[d:Q83460|general]] 0 #[[d:Q46255|geophysics]] 0 #[[d:Q79529|chemical substance]] 0 #[[d:Q42844|major depressive disorder]] 0 #[[d:Q44455|game theory]] 0 #[[d:Q43380|CBS]] 0 #[[d:Q128938|Shang dynasty]] 0 #[[d:Q129104|anthrax]] 0 #[[d:Q40629|Myspace]] 0 #[[d:Q124115|Niels Henrik Abel]] 0 #[[d:Q161439|jewelry]] 0 #[[d:Q11359|Aryabhata]] 0 #[[d:Q108429|archery]] 0 #[[d:Q131089|geodesy]] 0 #[[d:Q101879|weed]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q66065|Sahel]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q42289|degree Fahrenheit]] 0 #[[d:Q10993|Tiger Woods]] 0 #[[d:Q131814|Tina Turner]] 0 #[[d:Q128135|totalitarianism]] 0 #[[d:Q38280|German Shepherd dog]] 0 #[[d:Q80284|viola]] 0 #[[d:Q165950|espionage]] 0 #[[d:Q52090|bourgeoisie]] 0 #[[d:Q133346|border]] 0 #[[d:Q82059|NASDAQ]] 0 #[[d:Q7100|biophysics]] 0 #[[d:Q12129|parsec]] 0 #[[d:Q329888|Allies of the Second World War]] 0 #[[d:Q131572|refugee]] 0 #[[d:Q13974|NBC]] 0 #[[d:Q134817|Abdul Hamid II]] 0 #[[d:Q133500|learning]] 0 #[[d:Q188969|B. B. King]] 0 #[[d:Q1455|field hockey]] 0 #[[d:Q3465|jinn]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q81799|fast food]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q81809|atmospheric pressure]] 0 #[[d:Q12674|Rudolf Diesel]] 0 #[[d:Q16560|palace]] 0 #[[d:Q129279|dysentery]] 0 #[[d:Q80994|adult]] 0 #[[d:Q3803|Lesser Sunda Islands]] 0 #[[d:Q52418|Attack on Pearl Harbor]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q172107|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] 0</s> #[[d:Q11015|snooker]] 0 #[[d:Q482931|Ferenc Puskás]] 0 #[[d:Q62943|Maurya Empire]] 0 #[[d:Q168247|famine]] 0 #[[d:Q13703|Latinoamérica]] 0 #[[d:Q161227|Yalta Conference]] 0 #[[d:Q167178|scabies]] 0 #[[d:Q83462|weightlifting]] 0 #[[d:Q80294|celluloseperronation]] 0 #[[d:Q131761|Humphry Davy]] 0 #[[d:Q169031|glove]] 0 #[[d:Q48422|cadaver]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q131401|caliphate]] 0</s> #[[d:Q52109|geomorphology]] 0 #[[d:Q6241|patriotism]] 0 #[[d:Q7892|drinking water]] 0 #[[d:Q148109|Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] 0 #[[d:Q79602|cyclone]] 0 #[[d:Q614304|pharmacy]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q60052|Gustav Kirchhoff]] 0</s> #[[d:Q130964|small calorie]] 0 #[[d:Q83216|candela]] 0 #[[d:Q127683|incest]] 0 #[[d:Q42798|Borobudur]] 0 #[[d:Q7407|Andre Agassi]] 0 #[[d:Q132325|Ayurveda]] 0 #[[d:Q163943|Druze]] 0 #[[d:Q137056|corrosion]] 0 #[[d:Q134293|dharma]] 0 #[[d:Q51290|harmonica]] 0 #[[d:Q101929|immunology]] 0 #[[d:Q18123741|infectious disease]] 0 #[[d:Q133235|combustion]] 0 #[[d:Q4925193|lie]] 0 #[[d:Q45981|rhythm and blues]] 0 #[[d:Q783794|company]] 0 #[[d:Q159241|direct current]] 0 #[[d:Q162900|Charles Thomson Rees Wilson]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q133641|Age of Discovery]] 0</s> #[[d:Q128160|Cuban Missile Crisis]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q179876|Kingdom of England]] 0</s> #[[d:Q10934|Crab Nebula]] 0 #[[d:Q133696|color blindness]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q82457|William Wallace]] 0</s> #[[d:Q4932206|jurisprudence]] 0 #[[d:Q163415|William Shockley]] 0 #[[d:Q102626|binoculars]] 0 #[[d:Q123737|Emmy Award]] 0 #[[d:Q80019|double bass]] 0 #[[d:Q116|monarch]] 0 #[[d:Q102798|ore]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q73169|Scandinavian Peninsula]]</s> 0 #<s>[[d:Q3253281|pond]] 0</s> #[[d:Q161414|history of Russia]] 0 #[[d:Q11662|Steffi Graf]] 0 {{div col end}} :Some of these articles are actually present in Vicipaeda but are prevented from being registered correctly at Meta by curiosities in interwiki linking. For example, Vicipaedia's "[[Drama (fictio)]]" is the correct match for the English article "Drama," but it's linked to the English page "Dramatic arts," which vicissim redirects to the English article "Drama." Changing Vicipaedia's link so as to bypass the redirect may or may not help. (I'll try that now, but we may not know until mid-March whether this change solves the problem.) Maybe a kind programmer can discover which other articles are wrongly linked and find a way to fix the process. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:10, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::I switched "drama (fictio)" on Vicidata, it seems like it really fits. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:42, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Macte! I'll cross it off the list. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:55, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) Illam enumerationem lingua [Graeco]latina explico: has paginas, a [[:meta:|meta]]symmachis nostris nominatas (quia usque adhuc apud nos necessitantur), nobis oportet creare et augere si lauras nancisci cupimus [[:meta:|meta]]cosmicas. Eaedem paginae insuper (quis dubitabit?) utiles erunt lectoribus nostris. Nexus, quos Iacobus supra dedit, ad [[:d:|Vicidata]] dirigunt, ubi -- quando imam in istam paginam te summersus eris -- indicem paginarum apud alias Vicipaedias iam factarum cito reperire potebis. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:25, 18 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :"[[Malum Sinense]]" (''orange''), moleste apuud Vicidata annexum, inter paginas cognatas restitui et ex hac enumeratione expunxi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:00, 18 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Sequentes stipulas conscripsi: [[Gestapo]] 18 Februarii 2022), [[Caliphatus]] (18 Februarii 2022) et [[Mongoli]] (19 Februarii 2022) et modo [[Guillelmus Wallaceus]]--[[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 11:05, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) Now just a minute! Vicipaedia has "[[Stagnum]]," and it links to English "Pond" (#198 above), but Meta doesn't know about that. Maybe someone will investigate. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:06, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :[[Stagnum]] nunc correxi. [Dixit Lesgles.] ::Similarly, Vicipaedia has the article "[[Giraffa]]," and it's linked to English "[[:en:Giraffe|Giraffe]]" (#3 above), but Meta doesn't know about it. More investigation warranted? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:31, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::"Myrias" includes "Northern giraffe", I switched on wikidata, I hope they don't cancel. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 17:40, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ===Theoretical question=== A theoretical question for programmers (in case they're interested): is it possible to figure out why Meta chooses ''these'' topics—out of more than 2500—and lists them ''in this order''? Are the choosing and the sorting random? or is Meta trying to tell us something about the ''relative'' importance of the items listed? Might we reasonably say that the first topic listed is the ''most'' egregiously missing, the second topic listed is the second most egregiously missing, and so forth? Is comparison with other wikis (or one wiki, presumably the English) involved? and if so, how are the comparisons quantified so as to produce a ranked list? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:03, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :Did you give a link to the page at meta where the above list is provided? If not, please do, because that would be where I'd start looking for your answer! Mind you, I don't self-identify as a programmer :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:10, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Yes, a link is there, but [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles ''here it is again!''] I'm not a programmer either, though I wasn't unfamiliar with BASIC and FORTRAN in antediluvian times. An unasked question is whether it's (somehow) better to do "Giraffe" (#3) next, or "Steffi Graf" (#200), and if so, why. Computationally (quantitatively), the order shouldn't make a difference, but when the wikis are compared, maybe it does? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:03, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::No, sorry, there something I don't grasp yet. That link is to a list of Wikipedias (which I know quite well). Where do they provide the list of 200 missing articles that you have just pasted above? That seems to be what you're talking about. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:26, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::OK, I've got it now. If anyone else wants to find it, the real link is [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles/Shortest#la_Latina here!] [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:31, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Oh. ''That'' list! Well, now you've got it! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:39, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Right, Iacobe. Your answer is this. For wikis that have all, or nearly all, of the 10,000 articles already, the list shows the 200 shortest of them as they stand on each wiki, in ascending order of size, with a digit showing the number of words in each. Where one or more articles are entirely absent from a wiki, the names of those articles (quite logically) come first in each list, with the digit "0" following, meaning "no words". For wikis that lack more than 200 of the 10,000 articles, the list shows a random 200 names of absent articles, all followed by "0"; there is no rationale behind the selection, and no rationale in the order. ::::We lack about 2,500 of the articles, so this list of 200 may be of no great value (no, I'm wrong there, because it has persuaded some of us to write new articles!) If anyone disagrees with my diagnosis, please say. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:50, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::It turns out that the order of items in the list is ''not'' random, and there ''is'' a rationale behind the selection and the order. This month's list (published today) shows Vicipaedia's still-missing articles in almost exactly the same order as last month's. (That wouldn't happen in a new random selection.) A note on Meta's talk page tells us why (emphasis added): "The absent articles are sorted with ''the most popular first.'' So you get the 200 most popular articles that are absent in each Wikipedia. Popularity is here counted by number of languages that have the article." Therefore, it seems that, to improve the project the most, we should concentrate on topics at the ''start'' of this list and proceed downward from there. That's not to say that our volunteers shouldn't continue to "do their own thing" with other topics. :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:57, 16 Martii 2022 (UTC) ::::::This means that right now, the most important of the missing topics are (in descending order of importance): ::::::#<s>[[d:Q25272|ampere]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q18756|UEFA Champions League]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q36442|political science]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q41298|magazine]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q43514|theory of relativity]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q1968|Formula One]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q42962|oil]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q44167|engine]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q901|scientist]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q2005|JavaScript]]</s> ::::::Of course, adding ''any'' of the 2550 missing topics will improve the score. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:05, 16 Martii 2022 (UTC) :::::::I'm glad you discovered that. It is heartening to learn that there is a logic to the arrangement :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:33, 16 Martii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::Now that we know how Meta ranks the items in the list, it occurs to me that addressing those items in the order of their descending importance—scilicet in the order of their descending publicity—may help attract more visitors to Vicipaedia from other wikis. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:49, 2 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) Latine brevissime verto: Iacobus de ratione enumerationis, quam ipse supra inseruit, quaeret. Ego originem enumerationis non sine peripetiis repperi; quo facto perspexi selectionem ordinemque titulorum e nulla ratione humana oriri statui. (Si erravi, s.v.p. dicite!) Nihilominus utile fuit quia persuademur ut paginas novas gravitudine haud minimas creemus. Enumerationem omnium paginarum desideratissimarum, ab humanis selectarum, [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Wikipediis contineri oportet/Expansio|hic]] habemus. Paginarum, quae a Vicipaedia Latina absunt, titulum Anglicum ibi videmus. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:03, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) [[Regnum Angliae]] conscripsi.--[[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 07:18, 30 Martii 2022 (UTC) "[[Magazina]]" and "[[Theoria relativitatis]]" have been converted from redirects; will Meta understand and give us credit in its rankings? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:12, 5 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :Presumably you need to ensure that the Wikidata entry is updated with the link to the la.wikipedia page for it to be detected in the next analysis? I checked for the 'oil' page for instance, as well as the two articles above, and this is missing. -[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:26, 11 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::Isn't that supposed to happen automatically? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 22:56, 11 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::I could be wrong but … how would a machine programmatically be able to match them up? Possibly by a link to the English or another language page, but that could be misleading. But if someone has other information, that'd be good to know. -18:16, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:16, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::::PS: it seems that @[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] is generally adding the latin pages to Wikidata entries, looking at the history on the WD enties. -[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:44, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::::Yes, "Magazina" and "Theoria relativitatis" I tied today, "Oleum" was already tied. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 18:59, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::::::It's nice of you to do that for Iacobus, Demetri. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:30, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::::::For the oils, are both links there? One should go to "[[Oleum]]" ("Olive oil"), and the other should go to "[[Oleum (generale)]]" ("Oil"). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:18, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::::::If anyone is interested about my experience with this subject, I might add that that list was once one of the most talked about lists in the whole Wikimedia community. I remember when we would have the exact same discussions as the one here in my homewiki (SqWiki). Completing the list became the central aim of most of our work, each user only choosing articles from that list if they wanted to write something new (according to their subjects of interest). This lasted for quite some years. Then later, somewhat strangely, it started falling into obscurity for us and, take my words with a grain of salt, in a global scale. I don't know exactly what happened that its popularity faded. Maybe it was because there was only so much a community could try about writing 10k articles before they gave up (that's more than 1/10 of our total number of articles written in around 20 years, 1/10 of which with the help of robots), maybe we (and the other projects) did indeed create most of its articles and that allowed them to give it a rest, maybe it was because a lot of lists started popping up with similar aims but more subject oriented some time after that list reached its peak fame, some of them with a literal infinite number of articles (so much that they created a bot for generating them: [[w:en:User:ListeriaBot|ListeriaBot]]), maybe it was because no one really wasn't sure of the answers of the same questions that were asked in this discussion but something happened and it had been literal years without me encountering those lists. :::::::Something that may also tangentially touch this matter is [[w:en:Abastract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]], a project which basically aims to use artificial intelligence aspects to auto-generate articles in every possible language if that article exists in one language (most likely English). :::::::So all in all in my personal, maybe wrong, belief, I'd say that you shouldn't feel constrained to finish the list and only work on it because a) it may be only "a random list" in "the bigger scheme of things" and b) ideally speaking, "soon enough" AW will most likely change a lot of ways about how we feel and think about article numbers and translations. That said, if dealing with it motivates you, go for it and be sure that your help will be appreciated by people reading those articles eventually. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 09:15, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::::::::The lists are hardly random, but nevertheless, they're terribly flawed. Of the 2000 people collected under "Homines," a more careful evaluation (by well-informed experts) would replace several ''hundred'' with individuals more important "in the greater scheme of things." But the fact that the lists have a bias toward ''popularity'' (rather than historical impartiality) may be precisely what makes them useful at this stage of the project's development—in potentially attracting readers! Far more people are going to want to read in modern languages about, say, Marshall Mathers than about (ahem) [[Azteca diabolica|diabolic Panamian ants]], or [[Ioannes de Cárdenas (medicus)|sixteenth-century Mexican professors]], or [[Caychax|French villages that have eleven residents]], and in so reading, they're going to have a greater chance of noticing & visiting Vicipaedia if Vicipaedia has [[Eminem|an article about the aforesaid Marshall Mathers]]. Not to say that we contributors shouldn't continue addressing topics that interest us, whether they be rare ants, long-dead professors, or out-of-the-way crossroads (and authoritative texts on such subjects, especially if they offer more than can be found in vernacular wikis, will indeed have no little utility!), but those with time available might want to consider the public service of building the encyclopedia in such a way as to make it the most attractive to the most people, ''right now.'' As for the future, we should have no doubt that our efforts here, within a few decades, will be utterly undone by programs guided by artificial intelligence. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:15, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ===Top-viewed articles=== As for Vicipaedia's [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/top-viewed-articles/normal|table|last-month|(access)~desktop*mobile-app*mobile-web|monthly top-viewed articles], it appears that any text with S-E-X in its title must be highly attractive! (That and being a Catalonian political activist.) Also, it appears that Vicipaedia gets [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/page-views-by-country/normal|map|last-month|(access)~desktop*mobile-app*mobile-web|monthly more pageviews from India] than from any other country. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:48, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :Hmm. Notice also the amount of interest coming from [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/page-views-by-country/normal|map|last-month|(access)~desktop*mobile-app*mobile-web|monthly that large European-Asian country] that figures prominently in the news these days. Could that be because of interest in the ongoing "[[praecipua negotia militaria]]"? If so, it might behoove the ablest contributors to improve the Latinity of pertinent articles, particularly [[Incursio Russica in Ucrainam (2022)|''this one'']]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:58, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) == Motio novi articuli == Salvete! Versio articuli de [[systema periodicum extensum ultra septimum periodum|systemate periodico extenso ultra septimum periodum]] scripsi. Id movi a vetero nomine (harenarium meum) ad novum nomen, sed cum inspicio aliae linguae, mihi dicitur articulum non existere in alias linguas. Sed verum non est! Anglice, articulum nominatur ''[[:en:Extended periodic table|Extended periodic table]]''. Quomodo hoc rectum facere possum?--[[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 16:39, 25 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :Novam paginam apud Vicidata addere necesse est: id quod nuper feci. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:10, 25 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Gratias ago. Vidi latinitatem corrigendam esse: quidne erratum est? Si possum, volo eam corrigere... [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 17:20, 27 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Si rationem nescis, historiam paginae inspice. Quis hanc notitiam imposuit? Ad paginam disputationis illius usoris quaerere potes. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:45, 27 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Clarus. Gratias ago. Sed nunc [[Hardvell|aliam paginam creavi]] et idem problema habeo. Possum id resolvere solum an auxilium magistrati petere debeo? Nescio quomodo id facere, si a mihi fieri potest, aliquis hoc mihi explicare potest? Multas gratias ago. [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 18:35, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Pagina nova iam creata et servata, i ad paginam de eadem re apud aliam Vicipaediam; e.g. [[:en:Robbert van de Corput]]. Ad sinistram marginem reperi lineam "Edit links". Imprime. Ad pedem paginae Vicidata rubricam "Vicipaedia" reperi. Imprime "edit". Ad pedem columnae, in spatium vacuum, scribe "lat". Selige "Latine". Fac "Tab". Incipe nomen paginae tuae scribere, "Hardv " ... Selige "Hardvell". Imprime "publish". Omnes, non magistratus tantum, id facere possunt -- sed NB necesse est novam paginam tuam antea creavisse et servavisse. Paginae futurae non accipiuntur. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:38, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Optime! Permultas gratias ago! [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 07:48, 1 Martii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Quando primum facis, difficile esse videtur; postea facile (id spero). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:42, 1 Martii 2022 (UTC) ==Dē additiōne linguae graecae== Χαίρετε! Magistrātus [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/grc Vicipaediae graecae] sum et volō rogāre sī translātiōnem graecē ubi "Participātiō tua" in pāginā prīmā dicat addere possīmus. Translātiōnem egō sānē faciam. Crēdō, quod linguae latīna et graeca longam et propinquam historiam habent, illam additiōnem bonam fore. (Ignōscite mihi sī latinē bene nōn scrīpsī) --[[Usor:PastelKos|PastelKos]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:PastelKos|disputatio]]) 12:14, 13 Martii 2022 (UTC) :[[Vicipaedia:Ops_nexusque_usoribus_novis/de|Talem paginam]] Attice versam proponis? Cur non, nihil obstat, ut mihi videtur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 14:34, 15 Martii 2022 (UTC) == the ''vandal'' == Those of you who sometimes watch recentchanges may over the last few weeks have noticed a vandal adding italic formatting to entire pages. Since the problem has now been recurring for some time, I have earlier today implemented a measure to prevent '''anonymous''' users whose IP address starts with 2001:4454:6 from adding italic formatting to pages. They can at this time still create a user account and/or log in (and then add formatting). The [{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchFilter=3}} logs] tell me that just two hours after I implemented this, the vandal arrived, tried five times in vain to add italic formatting to our page [[Gallia]] and left again ;-) Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 23:59, 21 Martii 2022 (UTC) :Thanks. — Vandals' motives are usually clear, but in this case they are not. What's the point of making the whole page in italics? I even thought it was some kind of lost bot. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:58, 22 Martii 2022 (UTC) ::@UV, it's back, under the name of Регистриране. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:41, 2 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ==Doubled number of visitors== Just checking the Vicipaedia stats, I see that vistor numbers have [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews/?platform=all-access&source=pageviews&agent=user&start=2015-07&end=2022-02&sites=la.wikipedia.org doubled in the last 4 months], from around 750,000-1 million views a month, to around 1.4 million; peaking at 1.8m in Feb. (see also [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/total-page-views/normal|bar|all|~total|monthly wikimedia stats tool]; gives a different but similar story of increased traffic.) This looks like something changed in the accessibility of the site from Wikipedia generally - does anyone know what this might relate to? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:17, 25 Martii 2022 (UTC) :I don't know the real answer, Jim, but I think I have noticed in recent days that searching for Latin on Google brings up fewer pages of imitations and mirrors of Latin Vicipaedia, more pages of the real Latin Vicipaedia. If this is true, possibly the algorithm of Google as applied to "minor" languages has changed a tiny bit. :Responsum haud bene scio, {{ping|JimKillock}}, sed observavi paginas imitationum speculorumque Vicipaediae Latinae minus, paginas verae Vicipaediae Latinae nostrae plus, quaerentibus apud Google in his diebus monstratas esse. Si id verum sit, fortassse algorithmus Googlensis, linguis "minoribus" applicatus, levissime mutatus est. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:56, 27 Martii 2022 (UTC) == Hello Anyone can help me please. edit Mirette El Hariri page correct translate Thanks. == https://la.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirette_El_Hariri#curriculo ==ALPES aut VALEAMUS== Grex novus Metae de linguis antiquis, [[meta:ALPES_Ancient_Language_Promotion,_Education_and_Support|ALPES]], sive ''Ancient Language Promotion, Education and Support'', nomen alterum eget; debet ''Wicimedianos'' aut ''Wicimediae'' uti. Ergo VALEAMUS proponitur, (anglice ''Wikimedians for Ancient Language Education Assistance Mutual Undertakings and Support''); placet aut non placet vobis? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:58, 30 Martii 2022 (UTC) : Mihi placet. --[[Usor:Maria.martelli|Maria.martelli]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Maria.martelli|disputatio]]) 18:55, 30 Martii 2022 (UTC) :Sententia alia? Si non placet vobis, aut non bonum est, dicete quaeso! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:05, 3 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ==Neglected articles among the 1000 most important== According to the latest survey (6 April 2022), these are the ten most neglected articles among [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_sample_of_articles/Neglected#la_Latina the 1000 most important articles], with their sizes in number of bytes: {{div col|2}} #<s>[[d:Q7889|video game]] ([[la:Ludus televisificus|1222]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q794|Iran]] ([[la:Irania|5431]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q252|Indonesia]] ([[la:Indonesia|4171]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q869|Thailand]] ([[la:Thailandia|4749]])</s> #[[d:Q10693|periodic table]] ([[la:Systema periodicum|5452]]) #<s>[[d:Q881|Vietnam]] ([[la:Vietnamia|5342]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q1033|Nigeria]] ([[la:Nigeria|2494]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q5113|bird]] ([[la:Aves|4130]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q2831|Michael Jackson]] ([[la:Michael Jackson|4897]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q974|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ([[la:Res publica democratica Congensis|6461]])</s> {{div col end}} That's to say that the discrepancy between the sizes of Vicipaedia's essays on these subjects and the sizes that the other wikis expect them to be is the greatest among the 1000 most important subjects. (A couple of other criteria may also be in play.) In short: these are the topics that Wikilandia hopes we'll enlarge the most. We'll get 0.03 points for pushing them above the 10,000-character level and 0.05 more points for then pushing them above the 30,000-character level. ¶ Additionally, Vicipaedia lost 0.07 points in March, probably because someone reduced two articles below the 10,000-character level, but until [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/1000_Paginae_epitome the pertinent program] is rerun, we probably can't know which articles they are. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:28, 7 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :I've boosted "[[Lusus magnetoscopicus|Video game]]" above the 8K and 10K cutoffs and in so doing have found an attestation prior to the previously cited one. Attention to the other listed articles (as with many small articles on big subjects) may turn up other surprises. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:35, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::Commentarius de [[aves|avibus]] hodie augetur. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:52, 8 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Simple Latin == Salvete! I was checking the [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incubator:Main_Page Mediawiki Incubator] now and I noticed that there exists a [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wy/la Wikivoyage version in Latin]. I was thinking to myself, what if it existed a simple version of Latin, similar to [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page this]. That version was created, among other reasons, for people that wanted to learn English. The same rationale could be applied for Latin.<br> Now, I do understand that creating a new Wiki from scratch is no easy deal. But I was inspired by what I found from Wikivoyage. "Wouldn't Simple Latin be 'more important' from an utilitarian point of view than Latin Wikivoyage?" I'm still aware how hard would such a feat would be (especially knowing that beside English, no other simple language version currently exists) but I was curious to know your opinions on it anyway. :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 06:58, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) :Everything is feasible, I suppose. The question is, prior to starting a wiki, [[:en:Linguistics|linguists]] and latinists would have to define what ''simple latin'' is. [[:en:Basic English|Simpe english]] is defined and known. For latin, I think never such a work has been done. Never heard of it, at least. Yet, both the ideas of a ''simple latin'' and a corresponding wiki are very interesting. [[Usor:Pápiliunculus|Pápiliunculus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pápiliunculus|disputatio]]) 07:24, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::How would Simple Latin look like? Non-Ciceronian Latin, like the Latin used in Hungary until 1844, in the Catholic Church or in [[Latinitas neoscholastica|neoscholastic philosophical articles]] isn't really Ciceronian Latin, however, I wouldn't call this language 'simple' either. --[[Usor:Martinus000001|Martinus Vester]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Martinus000001|disputatio]]) 09:57, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::A foundational step would be to assemble the words of highest frequency. The Simple English wiki uses about 1500 words (and their grammatical variants) based on the 850 words of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_English Basic English]. Searching the internet will reveal several basic Latin lists, of which [http://johnpiazza.net/latin/colloquial-frequency/ this] is an example. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:28, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::::Following up the comment by {{Ping|Pápiliunculus}}, I'd suggest that for Wikimedia to create Simple Latin would be original research. I'd also suggest that, given the fairly small number of enthusiastic editors of Vicipaedia, to split our effort into two Vicipaedias instead of one would be unwise. ::::I and a couple of other Vicipaedians did the initial work on Vicivia, to see whether others wanted to join in. No one did. For exactly the reason I have just given, I now think that those who didn't join in were correct, and we do better to focus our effort on Vicipaedia. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:35, 5 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::::Glad we had this conversation. I found out two things by it: :::::# The creators of Vikivia are active here; :::::# Simple English has well-defined rules :::::There have been times where Simple English hasn't been defined as a language on its own but rather a method to learn a certain language or to even just provide technical facilities. For those interested in knowing more what I'm talking about there is [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump (technical)/Archive 196#Wikipedia enhanced|this link here]]. But now that I'm sure it is an individual language, the hopes of creating "Simple Latin" are almost 0. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:18, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::::::You can always consult [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_sine_flexione Interlingua] if you like! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 01:06, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Oh... So "simple Latin" does exist. Interesting... - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:10, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::But, it is more understandble, and that it is very important... I am certain that the munus of a language it is not be difficult, but must be understandble and flexible... for example, Latin accept, grammerly, to script "Rosa Rosae", "Rosae rosa" and " Rosa de rosis", but you accept the last one? [[Specialis:Conlationes/88.214.161.198|88.214.161.198]] 02:59, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::::*correction "Rosa de illis rosis" [[Specialis:Conlationes/88.214.161.198|88.214.161.198]] 03:02, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) : Es gibt bereits genügend Artikel in der Latein-Wikipedia, die in sehr simplem Latein verfaßt sind! - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 14:09, 13 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::Haha. Stimmt! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:47, 13 Maii 2022 (UTC) ==Formula:Math== In commentario de "[[momentum|momento]]" deficit <nowiki>{{Formula:Math}}</nowiki>. Do we have a kind programmer who'll make it work? Fortasse noster @Klein Muçi? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:16, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Redactio inanis? == Cur redactio mea nuntiorum nuper facta in pagina prima non apparet?[[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 21:02, 14 Maii 2022 (UTC) :Video ego: fortasse et tu? Interdum, quando paginam mutavisti, utile est in pabulatro (''browser'') tuo visionem renovare. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:22, 15 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Placentinus omnibus s.p.d. == Salvete omnes! Nondum me vobis ostendi. Ego Placentinus sum, sed saepius Logodaedalus vocor in rete mundano, propter hoc nomen meum mutare velim, si quaestio non est. In animo habeo omnes paginas de scaccis emendare et nova addere. Utinam bene vertat. Curate ut valeatis! --[[Usor:Placentinus|Placentinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Placentinus|disputatio]]) 17:27, 24 Maii 2022 (UTC) :Salve! Bene te convenire --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:45, 8 Iunii 2022 (UTC) == Latin expressions - articles == Salvete! Would it make sense to have articles about common Latin expressions like "divide et impera", "et cetera", etc.? I would think those could be a nice addition but I struggled to find such articles already written so I thought a discussion about them could be a good thing to have. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:56, 11 Iunii 2022 (UTC) :Nice to see you again, {{Ping|Klein Muçi}}. There are some articles of that kind already: you would find them via [[:Categoria:Locutiones Latinae]], also maybe [[:Categoria:Abbreviationes Latinae]]. More such articles is a very good idea. They have to be more than dictionary entries (which belong in Victionarium): information about who first used the expression and about later uses, for example, would fit the bill. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:57, 11 Iunii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], hello! ::Yes, that's what I meant. Thank you! :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:43, 11 Iunii 2022 (UTC) == Page Translatio == Salve! Volo te interrogare, ut cicero [[Rudolfus Schumann|paginae]] in latinum. Articulus continet pagina, et '[[:arz:رودولف شومان|Turcicum]]'' et [https://gosti.retroportal.ru/rudolf_shuman_kompozitor_intervyu.html Russian?][http://takt-magazine.ru/rudolf-shuman-ozersk-ya-rad-chto-rodilsya-imenno-zdes] . Forsitan poterit ad transferendum. Gratias tibi in antecessum! == How to translate or translitterate "influencing" to Latin? == "influentium"? [[Specialis:Conlationes/88.214.161.198|88.214.161.198]] 02:33, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :This is a fair example of the fact that many of the transferred senses that modern languages have developed from classical Latin roots didn't exist in classical Latin. A participle based on ''influ-'' in classical Latin conveys the idea of 'inflowing, flowing in (upon), streaming in, rushing in'—nothing at all about 'influencing' (as we understand it). The aptest one-word Latin participle for 'influencing', if you must have one, may be ''movens,'' but Latin has several other ways of conveying the idea of 'to influence', for example ''valere apud X'' 'to have strength upon X' and ''magnum posse apud X'' 'to have the ability of greatness upon X'. ¶ For a modern Latin word formed backward (in the nineteenth century, out of medieval models) from ''influ-,'' see the article on "[[influentia]]," the flu, supposedly indeed originating in influence—from the moon or the stars! ¶ Your ''influentium'' is a genuine classical Latin word, a present participle in the genitive plural case, meaning 'of things flowing in'. It's not a neuter singular noun. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:18, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Recte dicis, Iacobe. ::v. "moveo" (sicut suggeris), "inspiro"? n. "motus", "inspiratio"? n. agentis "inspirator, inspiratrix"? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:33, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::: secto ? imitor ? adduco ? it depends on the context --[[Usor:Maria.martelli|Maria.martelli]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Maria.martelli|disputatio]]) 18:01, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::::si agitur de nomine, non de verbo temporali: ''potentia'', ''momentum''. - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 05:25, 9 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :::::Ita vero, et non solum illa verba, sed etiam ''auctoritas'' et ''gratia'' et ''pondus'' atque adeo (quod attinet ad numina) ''afflatus divinus'' et ''instinctu divino.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:07, 9 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ==Down for maintenance== Working in the harenarium, I just spent an hour drafting a new article, but when I clicked to publish it, the wiki system said "Oops!" (literally!) and announced that it was down for maintenance and I should try again. Well, maybe, but not today. The text has disappeared. [Insert grumpy icon here.] [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:21, 19 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ==Cladi in capsis taxinomicis?== How to print clades in taxoboxes? In the article "[[Oxaeinae]]," for example, neither "clade," nor "cladus," nor "unranked_clade," nor "unranked_cladus," nor "unranked_superfamily," nor "unranked_superfamilia" works. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:31, 23 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :Insere "unranked_familia" (id, hoc casu, nuper feci ego). Huic regulae simplici (!) obtempera: si cladum ante "X" inserere vis, tempta "unranked_X". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:47, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Well, but it's printing ''above'' the superfamilia. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:31, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :::Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:54, 25 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ==Newfangled format for initial disputatio pages== (As I've remarked elsewhere:) Vicipaedia is now using a newfangled format for initial disputatio pages; its text is in English, and what it prints is unsightly (or at least ungainly). What's the magistrates' rationale for implementing this change? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:06, 23 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :I'm not aware of any change. I see the same as before when starting a disputatio page. :De tali mutatione nihil scio. Quando paginam disputationis incipio, eandem "fenestram" video quam antea vidi. [Re vera -- confiteor -- mutationem iam diu vidi et (meo casu) curavi ... quo facto, oblitus sum.] [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:37, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Nihilominus methodum medendi (an utilem?) in pagina disputationis Iacobi nostri proposui. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:23, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :::It's definitely new in the past few weeks. Somebody has done something. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:33, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::::Qui novam methodum paginarum disputationis creandarum reicere velit (sicut ego iam diu feci) potest # ad "modos" vel praeferentias suas ire (vide caput omnis paginae Vicpaedicae) # "edit screen" vel "recensere" seligere # ad pedem illius paginae, iuxta "Open the wikitext editor", in punctum imprimere # modos vel praeferentias suas, ita recensas, servare. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:52, 25 Iulii 2022 (UTC) == De arte mediaevali == In Vicipaedia Latina quattuor paginae artem mediaevalem describunt, quarum binae idem tractant: [[opus francigenum]] = [[ars Gothica]], [[opus romanum]] = [[ars Romanica]]. Praeterea est pagina [[ars Romana]] de arte Romanorum antiquorum. Sine ulla dubitatione res repurganda est, sed quomodo id fiat deliberari necesse est, scilicet utrum verbum "modernum" (Gothica, Romanica) an antiquius (opus francigenum, opus Romanum) praeferendum sit. Quamquam animo pendens ad "Gothica" et "Romanica" inclino, haec verba hominibus huius aetatis facilius intellectu iisdemque discrimen inter artem antiquam et posteriorem clariorem esse arbitratus. [[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 15:19, 1 Augusti 2022 (UTC) :Commentariius de "[[Opus francigenum|opere francigeno]]" non est idem cum commentario de "[[ars Gothica|arte Gothica]]": hic [[:en:Gothic art|Gothic art]]," ille "[[:en:Gothic architecture|Gothic architecture]]" est. Ambo inter illas 10&thinsp;000 paginas magni momenti numerantur. "[[Opus romanum]]" = "[[:en:Romanesque architecture|Romanesque architecture]]," sed "[[ars Romanica]]" = "[[:en:Romanesque art|Romanesque art]]" (etiam inter illas paginas legitur). Omnes (quattuor) commentarii conservandi sunt. "[[:en:Roman art|Roman art]]" et "[[:en:Ancient Roman architecture|Ancient Roman architecture]]" sunt aliae res. De ''sex'' notionibus diversis hic disputamus. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:29, 1 Augusti 2022 (UTC) ::Gratias tibi ago pro explicatione. "Roman art" apud nos est [[Ars Romana]], "Ancient Roman architecture" [[Architectura Romana]].--[[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 16:46, 1 Augusti 2022 (UTC) :::Ratio selectionis titulorum (si bene memini) haec fuit: "opus Francigenum" et "opus Romanum" sunt vera termina technica Latina in fontibus mediaevalibus vel recentioribus, praesertim de architectura, usitata. Certe nomina Latina in aliis fontibus reperta praeferere licet: si autem nomina Latina fontibus corroborata reicere volumus, nomina a nobis ficta substituentes, debemus pellucide explicare. Nomen "Gothicum" tardius introductum est, et, sicut scimus, historiae huius periodi aegre consonat -- aedificatores non Gothi fuerunt! An aliqui scriptores Latini verbum "Gothicum" sensu artistico iam adhibiti sunt, nescio. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:39, 2 Augusti 2022 (UTC) kk11k3cqgnxphn60xw6z4caula7g445 3695758 3695757 2022-08-02T13:42:08Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* De arte mediaevali */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == MMXXII == [[Fasciculus:Fireworks on New Year's Eve in a small Swabian village (1), brightened.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.5|Spectaculum pyrotechnicum Suebicum]] Annum faustum, felicem, fortunatumque vobis omnibus precor! Legamus, scribamus, gaudeamus! [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 15:44, 1 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Fausta omnia tibi ceterisque Vicipaedianis. Proposito tuo subscribo.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:53, 1 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) == Vicipaedia:Pellicula mensis == Salvete omnes! Habemus [[Vicipaedia:Pellicula mensis]] (gratias {{ping|UV}} et elegi pelliculas per 2022. Estne bene hoc uti in pagina prima? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:23, 3 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Cur non? Anno novo quoddam novum faciamus. — Paginae primae columna prima nunc brevissima est, ibi pellicula inseri potest. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:29, 3 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::Bene, quis ergo possit paginam primam emendare? {{ping|UV}} fortasse? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:52, 5 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::: Nemine contradicente pelliculas mensium in paginam primam inserui. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:04, 6 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Gratias tibi {{ping|UV}}! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:55, 9 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) == Rogationem de annorum == Habemus rogationem de hoc [[:commons:TimedText:Uruk,_erste_Metropole_der_Weltgeschichte_(CC_BY_4.0).webm.la.srt]]: ''Ibi quattuor milia [annos / annorum?] ante Christum natum prima urbs post hominum memoriam condita est.'' Utitur ''annos'' aut ''annorum''? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:57, 9 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Post milia annorum melius. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:05, 10 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==The ling formula== Should languages named by the ling formula be adverbs or nouns? We notice that in "[[Lingua Scotica (Gadelica)]]," editor 2804:1054:3014:fde0:f045:7592:d7f5:8331 has changed <nowiki>{{ling|Scotice|Anglice}} to {{ling|Scotica|Anglica}}</nowiki> overnight. We notice also that the formula is given as <nowiki>{{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}</nowiki> in "[[Runcus Genuensium]]." What's the most appropriate way of coding this kind of information? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:09, 11 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Paginas de linguis Scotiae nunc semi-protexi. Editor anonymus, linguae Latinae expers, nomina linguarum in paginis de Scotia inutiliter mutat. :Scribimus e.g. de nexu externo monolingui <nowiki>{{Ling|Anglice}}</nowiki>; de nexu bilingui <nowiki>{{Ling|Anglice|Francogallice}}</nowiki>, etc. :UVbot interdum e.g. <nowiki>{{Ling|Anglice}}</nowiki> in <nowiki>{{Ling|Lingua Anglica{{!}}Anglice}}</nowiki> mutat: haec mutatio in facie paginae non videtur. Nobis neque expansionem ab UVbot factam imitare, neque revertere, necesse est. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:06, 11 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) == De pagina prima == When you visit our [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima]] from today on (and you are logged in), you may notice that Vicipaedia now will greet you using your username ;-) (You might beforehand need to reload the page, shift-reload the page and/or clear your browser cache to see the effect.) This greeting is a (hopefully pleasant) side-effect of me today adapting the top of our [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima]] to make sure everything will still work in the future: Possibly, the MediaWiki software developers will, within a few weeks or months, add a [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header#Anonymous users|“Sticky Header”]] near the top of the page may put some useful controls onto the same line as the article title. For this to work smoothly in the future, I have today removed our custom main page heading and re-enabled the standard one. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:35, 11 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Great, but the gadget doesn't know the vocative case. Of course, vocative is not needed for all nicknames, but for those that are needed, is it possible to specify a form somewhere? To change the ending -us to -e and -ius to -i. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 03:15, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :: Good idea, I have tried to include a manual workaround for the vocative case (see the source code of [[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin/vocative]]) – does it work now? If anyone else prefers a greeting in the vocative case on our pagina prima as well, do tell me and I will add your username to [[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin/vocative]]. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 20:18, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::Wow! Now it really makes an impression. — It seems to me, also [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] (one of those who often edits — and always corrects errors). And [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] — what about the space, it's unclear, maybe he will say. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:35, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::: Yes, thank you, I have added the two. If anyone prefers it some other way, please tell me! --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 22:42, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==De UVbot== Hodie in capsa editoria rei "[[Percy Liza]]," 190.237.93.100, editor ignotus, nobis dicit UVbot "is misbehaving or if there is just the slightest suspicion that the bot might be malfunctioning, please block it." Re vera? UVbot indecore se gerit? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:20, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) : UVbot «non annexa» formulam posuit et recte omnia fecit, nam non annexa est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 14:11, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :: Well, it could indeed happen that (a) I make a mistake while operating UVbot (nobody is perfect) or (b) there is a technical problem that causes UVbot to malfunction. If such a situation occurs, I invite everyone to raise the issue here in the Taberna or on my user talk page; and if the bot is still running and doing more harm, I invite every admin to block UVbot at sight. In the case at hand, I believe that UVbot did neither misbehave nor malfunction. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 20:06, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Indeed. Noster 190.237.93.100, editor ignotus, appears to be under the impression that the "Pagina non annexa" formula shouldn't be applied to pages lacking an incoming link, or at least to "[[Percy Liza]]." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:17, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::The last of those :) To put it in context, 190.237.93.100 has been spreading this footballer across many Wikipedias. The Latin page was just about acceptable as a start so we didn't delete it. 190.237.93.100 prefers the page not to have any templates on it, and has learned that bots can conveniently be accused of malfunctioning. It's up to us how we deal with such messages, taking due account of their origin. :::::As for the page, the text is far too short to be useful. If anyone wants to improve it and add an incoming link somewhere, great: if not, I suspect it will eventually be deleted. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:20, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==Formulae desideratae== Fortasse noster [[Usor:Klein Muçi]] or some other kind programmer would like to make the formulas printing nakedly in red under "De nominibus hodiernis" [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontus_Euxinus here] work. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :@[[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]], LaWiki was completely lacking technical foreign language support. I found myself in a rabbit hole where each module required 10 other modules to be imported so it worked. After 87 imports of modules and templates (my hands literally hurt :P ), the situation should be better. Unfortunately that is not the complete list of templates (the complete list requires +200 other templates to cover almost all the languages and scripts of the world) and some of the already imported templates may require further fine-tuning to be translated in Latin (that's actually easy to do) but I did what was needed to solve the current, immediate, problem I believe. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 14:14, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::Macte! Multas gratias tibi ago! Such labor! Who knew? Bravo! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::But the name of the language must be Latin, "Graece" and not "Greek" etc.; "romanized" — "litteris Latinis"? "Listen" — "audias" etc. Or is it easier to rewrite a paragraph without formulas. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 14:31, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::Yes, that's what I do. I don't know what benefit the templates offer. But all praise to Klein Muçi for doing the work. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:08, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], please, take a look at [[Module:Lang/data]]. You'll see a long list in red. The right part (the one in quotation marks, after the equals mark) is the part that needs to be translated for 90% of those cases you're referring to. Can you do that for me? I'll take care for the remaining ones in the end or fix any errors that might arise. ::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], to put it very simply, some computers are dumb when you offer them different languages or different scripts and they don't know how to render them and they may end up rendering question marks or other similar symbols instead. The work I did gives them metadata (data/information about the data they're reading) so they know what they're reading and therefore how to render them. That + some templates so they (computers) know how to render the [[w:en:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA symbols]]. The problem is that, as I said, there are many languages and scripts in the world and each have their own templates so, of course, there are a lot lacking currently. I only imported the basic ones needed for the system to work and the ones that were needed in that specific article. ::::How much IPA is needed here... That does require a discussion on its own. My vague idea is that given that IPA is universal per se, can be utilized everywhere but I'm not an expert on linguistics, let alone phonology. If you say that it is not needed, we can remove some templates related to IPA while keeping the other ones that help computers render text better. Even though I'd propose to wait a bit before acting, maybe that proves useful. ::::Thanks to everyone for the good words! :)) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 15:41, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Thanks for the explanation, Klein Muçi. I agree with you about IPA: it is international and acceptable, it is sometimes useful, but (since our focus is written Latin) IPA pronunciations of foreign names may not be truly useful in every case. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:55, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::As for editing the list of languages — I don't know, I'm not sure that these templates will be used; maybe one day. :::::And about the display of rare alphabets — now almost everything is displayed almost everywhere (thank you, Unicode), and when squares or question marks are visible, then the problem is in the user's device, and not in the template; I recently had a case with the Avestan alphabet — on one machine you can see even without a template, and on the other, and through the {{lang-ae}} template, it's still squares. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 16:19, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], the template you mentioned didn't exist in here. Just imported it. (You'll see that now it generates an error because it has no text defined, just the template itself.) Can you tell me more about the case you were talking about in there? Not an expert on this subject as I said (I've only dealt with this phenomenon briefly in the past) but maybe I'm able to help. And well done on the string translations! :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 23:20, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::I inserted those adverbia that I could; we don’t have articles about the rest and I don’t want to invent on the go. - <small>About Avestan - I was talking about Russian Wikipedia, and the case is the same in in English. Android and Linux shows Avestan even without a template, Windows even with template don't shows. These templates made sense around 2005, now it seems to me that they can (or should) also be eliminated in large wikipedias, they stand by inertia. </small> [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:13, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::I had the same impression as Demetrius when I looked at the use of these templates on en:wiki a while back and the long discussions about them over there. They surely seemed a good idea when invented but their real value may be small, and the more templates you see in the edit screen, the less you want to edit it. I quote from far above: "is it easier to rewrite a paragraph without formulas?" Yes, it could be. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:10, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::Maybe user @[[User:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] can explain us more on the whole subject as the creator of [[Module:Lang]]. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 22:33, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::For the record: while I was the writer of [[Module:Lang]], the wikitext templates existed long before I consolidated everything into Module:lang. :::::::::: ::::::::::I get the impression that editors here don't think that the language templates are important and that while they might have been useful 15 years ago, they are no longer useful. Were that the case, HTML5 (MediaWiki publishes articles in HTML5 markup) would have dropped the <code>lang=</code> attribute. The authors of the html5 standard have not done so; see [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes the standard]. Were the {{tlx|lang}} template not useful, editors at en.wiki would have long ago abandoned them. They have not done so; Module:lang is in use on more than 1.2 million en.wiki pages. Proper html language markup is important and the {{tlx|lang}} templates are intended to make it as easy as possible for wikipedia editors to write text in languages different from the local wikipedia's language. :::::::::: ::::::::::Here is, I think, a simple example – la.wiki doesn't have {{tlx|lang-ar}} so I've fudged this example with a direct call into Module:lang. I grabbed this Arabic text from [[Lingua Arabica]]. ::::::::::*[[Lingua Arabica]]: اللغة العربية الفصحى ← plain text mockup rendered by your browser using the default font ::::::::::*{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit|code=ar|text=اللغة العربية الفصحى|label=[[Lingua Arabica]]}} ← the same text with your browser choosing a font more appropriate to Arab-script text; the properly formatted html looks like this: ::::::::::*:<syntaxhighlight lang="html+handlebars" inline="1">[[Lingua Arabica]]: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">اللغة العربية الفصحى</span></syntaxhighlight> ::::::::::Much easier to use the template. If you are reading this page using a screen reader, the screen reader is more likely to correctly pronounce the Arabic words when they are wrapped in the proper html markup. ::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 00:32, 25 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::Yes, it slightly enlarges the Arabic font (but it can be enlarged in other ways). - It never occurred to me to look for a program that reads Latin aloud from the screen; maybe it exists. — Engage in templates if you like; I did what was asked of me for this. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:18, 25 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::My overall opinion on that is that it doesn't do any harm to provide that kind of support even if considered a small thing. The only concern is that it may overburden editors but new editors mostly work with VE (Visual Editor) and in there templates aren't really a concern. For the editors who would like to take the extra step and provide that technical support in the articles they're editing, the possibility will be there. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 23:57, 25 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::"Any harm" exists, while {{lang-ka|...}}, not [[Georgiane]], {{lang-ab|...}}, not [[Abasgice]]: ..., etc. Please, if they're already here, don't be harmful. Or delete. Suddenly someone will uses them? (I then immediately redid Pontus Euxinus without them, you can not think about it) [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:01, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) I don't use visual editor. If it does reduce the clutter effect of templates in the edit screen, that's surely a Very Good Thing. One of the points often discussed on en:wiki is, what categories of "foreign" text are appropriate for templating? This needs to be clear, and it strongly affects the value of a voiceover. Simple examples: *Foreign names for the page title, as part of a list of foreign names (which may be in the first paragraph or in an "etymology" or "toponymy" subsection). This is the case in the example we began with, [[Pontus Euxinus]]. I guess these need to be correctly voiced in the foreign language -- though the hearer will have difficulty understanding them, as spoken one by one, unless they are in a language the hearer already knows and spoken in an accent with which the hearer is familiar. *Foreign name adopted as our page title because there is no Latin name. I guess this needs to be pronounced with Latin phonemes, as a reasonable Latinist, not knowing the foreign language, would make an attempt at pronouncing it. Because if, every time it occurs in the text, the speaker switches to pure foreign pronunciation, that bit of the sentence will be lost to understanding. The distinction might relate more-or-less to whether we would use italics or not in written text. Those who have listened in a vehicle to a voiced GPS that is programmed to speak language A but give placenames and road numbers in language B will agree that the question needs thought! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:06, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Pronunciation is going to be a problem with certain spellings produced by speakers of Latin after late antiquity. For example, we have ''[[Pechinum]]''—to Cicero, something perhaps close to /peχinum/—because [[Matthaeus Ricci|Ricci]] and his Italian friends would have pronounced ''Pecinum'' more like /pet͡ʃinum/. For ''Pechinum,'' many modern Italians would actually say /pekinuma/ or in careful speech even /pekinum:a/ (as did Morgan), because final /m/ is awkward in their native phonology, but that's a different story. And then of course we have /χilia/ for the country spelled as ''[[Chilia]],'' but perhaps better (that is, classically) spelled as ''Tsilia'' or even ''Silia.'' At least we have ''[[Sicagum]]'' (not ''Chicagum''!) for 'Chicago', though attestations of pertinent adjectives include ''Chicaginiensis''—which in turn, more thoroughly applying the spelling conventions of "church Latin," should have been ''Chicaghiniensis'' (with another aitch) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:30, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::You're right. Long ago we found consensus for a style of written Latin. How can we select a pronunciation style? Should we? Is it proper for us to choose one? I don't know. ::Recte dicis. Stylum scripturae consensu iam diu selegimus; modum pronuntiatus quomodo eligere possumus? An nobis oportet? An re vera licet? Haud scio! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:55, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) One more note about the templates: plain <nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki> is slightly different from <nowiki>{{lang-ar}}, {{lang-fr}},</nowiki> etc. I've been using the former, which I think works fine as is for all ISO codes (correct me if I'm wrong). {{lang-ar}} removes the extra step of having to add "Arabice", but I don't think that's worth the extra effort of creating all the separate templates. For example: :<nowiki>{{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}}</nowiki> ⟶ {{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}} :<nowiki>{{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}}</nowiki> ⟶ {{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}} [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 22:36, 27 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :@[[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]], the ideal approach, if you ask me personally, would be that everyone who decides to use the lang templates cared to use the correct one and, if one didn't exist, the said user imported it. Eventually the majority would have been imported and there would come a user that would import the remaining part, consolidating the system and fine tune its details. This would be the best way to share work in a non-tiring, organic manner. But that's just my opinion. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:04, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::What to do with those that are already imported and do not work correctly (displaying titles in another language with, of course, broken links)? The user is not obliged to guess that the tool offered to him is (yet) harmful (<small>{{IPA-el|...}}}, {{IPA-all|...}}, {{Lang-ae|...}}, {{Lang-el|...}}, {{Lang-uk|...}}, {{Lang-tr|...}}, {{Lang-rus|...}}, {{Lang-ro|...}}, {{Lang-xmf|...}}, {{Lang-ka|...}}, {{Lang-crh|...}}, {{Lang-bg|...}}, {{Lang-hy|...}}, {{Lang-ady|...}}, {{Lang-zh|...}}, {{Lang-hbs|...}}, {{Lang-ab|...}}</small>). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:24, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], Rome wasn't built in a day. Progression takes time. What we currently have is more or less what I did in a frenzied hurry in less than 30 minutes some days ago. Assuming we're not going to delete everything really soon, I (and hopefully other editors) will continue to help fixing the problems, which I stopped after this discussion started happening about them. Given how template works, you need only to fix one and you'll immediately solve the problems in wherever that template is used, whatever those problems may be. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:35, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::To put it shortly, if we greenlight the use, I'll try to help fixing the problems. I just stopped for the discussion to conclude first because I didn't want to dedicate more time to something that might be deleted soon. :::::(Thanks for reporting the problematic cases!) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:38, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::We need to fix these 17 without waiting for the thousand years that Rome was built (or we need to prevent the possibility of their accidental use before the construction of Rome). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:46, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Yes, of course. I'll get to it in a few hours. I would have finished since that day to be honest but, as I said twice now, I stopped to wait and see the discussion's conclusion before so I'd be a bit more sure I wasn't working for nothing. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:53, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], it's just not clear to me that those templates add anything that <nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki> doesn't already provide. Do they do anything besides adding a link to the name of the language? [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 16:48, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::@[[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]], I believe not. @[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] can tell us more in that regard. :::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], apparently [[Module:Lang/data]] had to be updated with a different list which then had to be translated. I have done so, imported your translations and added some more. Can you please take a look and see if I've made any mistake or if you can add some more languages? I believe that will solve all the problems with templates in English. If you find any other problems, please do report here so we can try solving them. :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:49, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], also, can you translate the different kinds of Greek language here: [[Formula:IPA-el]]? The more, the merrier. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:01, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::{{tlx|lang}} at la.wiki is an old wikitext template and is not the same as <code><nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki></code> at en.wiki. The <code><nowiki>{{lang-??}}</nowiki></code> templates are the same as the en.wiki templates. The essential difference between the [[Module:Lang]]-supported <code><nowiki>{{lang-??}}</nowiki></code> templates and <code><nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki></code> is that <code><nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki></code> only marks-up the text (italics when appropriate and html); <code><nowiki>{{lang-??}}</nowiki></code> provides a language name prefix linked to the local article about that language and also has support for romanization and translation. ::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 12:53, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], {{tl|lang}} is the same as its homologue now. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:04, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::*Yes, I did as much as I could (that is, how many articles about languages we have - I must say, there are almost all of this list). - It is necessary that the word "language" not be added - now it does not work because of this ({{lang-uk|...}}). <small>(Note: we usually have a redirection from an adverb like [[Anglice]] to [[Lingua Anglica]], but in some cases this redirection has been forgotten; I should have made a list of these while I was looking at the titles, but I didn't figure it out in time. In general, the missing redirects - there are not so many of them - will have to be created one day)</small> — About IPA-el - I don’t understand how it is used, why there are links to dialects. But I translated them so that they lead to articles that are. — P.S. These categories, which early template now automatically adds to the end of the article, e.g. [[:Categoria:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text]], must either be translated (but this is not me) and sent to hidden, or make that they are not added (it is possible without category to check which articles contain the template). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:37, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::As I expect you already know, Demetri, the categories demanding to be created are listed at [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae_desideratae Categoriae desideratae]. If the categories are unnecessary, it might be better to revise the templates so that they don't demand categories, as you suggest in your last sentence. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:36, 2 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Oh God, there are almost a hundred of them and they spoil two or three thousand articles ... At the beginning of the discussion, one was spoiled - Pontus Euxinus, and now almost three thousand. @[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], all this should be turned off or deleted, it's a very big harm. (And for new ones, make that "langugage" is not added, or also delete it.) [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:36, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::I repeat that it was kind of Klein Muçi to respond immediately to Iacobus's request. But it was very unwise to embark on a big series of changes like this so hastily. Vicipaedia is a small wiki. Let's admit it, Latin is a minority interest. To attract and retain a readership we need our pages to read well and look good, and there are not many of us doing the work. Templates that don't function at all, or don't give a correct result in a Latin context, damage our pages and are bad for us. In my opinion, modules and templates that will need continuing work should not be introduced here at all unless discussion shows that the effort will be repaid by strong advantages. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:23, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Notice my test-edit of [[Formula:Polytonic]], which takes it out of this system: it thus reduces the number of pages currently demanding a badly-named category by about 2,000. The edit is easily reverted when anyone wishes to do so :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:07, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], hello! First I would ask you to relax. In Wikipedia nothing ever loses and every change can be undone with literally a click of a button if considered harmful, sometimes by many people. I do understand that seeing something not right and not knowing how to fix it can be alarming but I do repeat that even the wrongdoings of the biggest vandal in the world are 1 click away from being removed. ::::::::Now, in regard to the categories: They are all added because of them being present in one of the templates/modules. When working with the localization (that is, translation of the terms used in them) categories were left to be translated in the end. We have been working for quite some days now and you've helped me personally in that quest. We can't just do everything in the same day not only because the whole volunteering setting doesn't work like that in general but even if the work was paid and it was our only job, it still wouldn't make a difference because it takes time to develop a good product. ::::::::I'll go and deal with the categories now. I'll also look after the "language" part. We'll solve each problem as it comes and if we can't, we'll just revert back to its latest most stable state. ::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], personally I'm really grateful for the existence of this place as it allows me to easily read ever-evolving texts in Latin apart from the classical literature. Even if it may not show much because of me always typing in English and not being involved much in editing articles per se, I do spend quite some time reading them using the "random article" feature. What I imported lately mostly worked in the background, by doing overall rather minor changes, as it can be evidenced by some users having it hard to see the provided change itself. If deemed harmful, everything can be reverted. But, as you may know from some changes that we've done together in the past, it takes some time to fully localize a module and in this case, we're still in that process. Demetrius maybe got a bit rightfully alarmed because he thought that that was the final product or that maybe I'd disappear and leave the work in half but none of those options are true in this case. It's just that beside everyday real life issues, beside LaWiki, I also deal with SqWiki, SqQuote, EnWiki, some minor Mediawiki code changes and occasionally try to fight vandalism in other small wikis and I try to dedicate each project a fair share amount of time (EnWiki and Mediawiki less time given that those are bigger projects in which my absence would be felt less). - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:29, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::One of 2 categories was translated. (The other will soon join.) Please check one of the articles that was already showing this category in English and see if the provided translation works correctly. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:37, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::@[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], you do indeed do a lot of work for Vicipaedia -- I am very glad that you are also reading some Latin while you're here :) It's true, everyone is a volunteer and we should not be impatient about work that must necessarily take some time to complete. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:15, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::Wow! All those redlink categories seem to have disappeared ... If I didn't know someone was working away at this behind the scenes, I would say it was magic! OK, they have been replaced by others, which are still in mixed language, but perhaps easy to correct. For "Articles containing X" (where X is a language-name adverb) the Latin category name could be "Continetur textus X scriptus" (literally "text written in X is included"). For "Ancient Greek (to 1453)" all we need in Latin is "Graece". If languages change their names at a specific date -- which we may doubt -- there is no better date than 1453 for the change from ''Graece'' ("in Greek") to ''Neograece'' ("in modern Greek"). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:23, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], yes. Can you please show me one or two articles where these categories appear? It would make fine-tuning the translation easier. :::::::::::Also can you help me by translating the last template which is still in English from the templates that were imported lately? [[Template:IPA-all]] It has only 3 words which should be translated, the parts after the equal signs. "Local pronunciation", "locally" and "pronounced". I can provide more context if so needed. :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:34, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::My pleasure! I happened to look at the page [[Bitolia]]. As you will see, it contains several examples. Incidentally, when the example "Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)" is fully changed to "Continetur textus Graece scriptus", then it would be sensible to revert my edit to [[Formula:Polytonic]]: I think its 2000 pages will then show a nice Latin category name. As you may know, ancient Greek and Latin had a sort of symbiotic relationship over a very long period. This helps to explain why so many of our pages contain words or phrases in ancient Greek. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:45, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], okay, everything is fine, the development process is underway. But, for example, on an article, while the development process is underway, you can hang <nowiki>{{in progressu}}</nowiki>, or hide the unfinished stuff through <nowiki><!--- ... ---></nowiki>, and it will not be displayed; in general, an article can be written and tested in a draft in a personal space. I just don't know how to similarly secure templates, that are under development and require testing (so that they don't generate foreign language categories or require articles like [[Ucrainice language]]). - And I fully support the translation "textus (''adverbium'') scriptus continetur". [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:35, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::With templates under revision, there is often no way to avoid temporary display errors. We just have to say to ourselves "Vicipaedia perficienda est" (''Wikipedia is a work in progress''). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:03, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], these are the current changes that I've done: ::::::::::::::* Category:Articles containing <language>-language text → Category:Continetur textus <language> ::::::::::::::* Category:Articles with text in <language> languages → Category:Articuli continentes textum <language> ::::::::::::::Correct me if I'm wrong. ::::::::::::::There is also one last category left of which I'd like your help: ::::::::::::::* Articles containing explicitly cited Latin-language text ::::::::::::::This is formed by adding the string we've used above (Continetur textus) + a translated string for "explicitly cited", which you'll need to give me. ::::::::::::::And thank you for the already provided translations in the IPA template! :) ::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], we can actually create "surrogate templates" that have all the code of the template that we want to create but a different name used just for testing purposes and use it on a draft article (a surrogate article) but it does require more than double the effort and personally I use that method only for templates that make substantial changes to the articles. In our case I considered the changes to be of a minor type and we had to import over 80 templates and modules to begin with, a number which would made the described method almost impossible to utilize. As I've said above, I wouldn't want to upset anyone around here, let alone bring harm to the current articles. If you remember my first ever discussion here, I asked to help around in technical matters just because I was happy for what I found here. I'll try to be even faster in future cases in localizing processes so you won't see much of the development. That will make the transition be way more subtle. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:53, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::Τhey need to be moved in any case to "Categoriae celatae", in the second line [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:56, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], yes. After the categories get created, they should be hidden as most (if not all) maintenance categories in most projects are. I'm just waiting to get a comment from user Andrew about the correct form of them so he won't need to delete them again to fix my mistakes. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 02:14, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::Will a category "Articles containing explicitly cited Latin-language text" ever be useful to anybody? This is Vicipaedia! we talk about the Latin name of something on every page that extends for more then a sentence or two. Show me where such a category is used on another Wikipedia and I might grasp it better. :::::::::::::::::OK, on the other questions above, how do the two category groups differ from one another? Show me a case where the first text "Continetur textus ..." will not be appropriate for members of the second group. :::::::::::::::::About the name for the first category group: it seems to me very itchy Latin to terminate the whole name with a language adverb. Try to wrap the language adverb inside "Continetur textus [Anglice] scriptus". If anyone thinks I'm fussing unnecessarily about this, please say so! There may eventually be a lot of cases, so it's worth getting it right. :::::::::::::::::Nomen "Categoria:Continetur textus [Anglice]" mihi barbare sonat. Nomen "Categoria:Continetur textus [Anglice] scriptus" vehementer urgeo! An alii consentiunt? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:17, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::Ita! Sic! Certe! Vero! ''Continetur textus [Anglice] scriptus'' nobis melius sonat. Sed fortasse ''Continetur textus [Anglicus]'' optime sonabit? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:48, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::Ita, optime! Sed, si hac locutione utimur, necesse erit novam enumerationem nominum linguarum exscribere ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:31, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::I must agree Iacobus's version is better still ... but it will need a new list of language names based on the masculine form of the adjective. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:31, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::Maybe @[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] can be far more useful than me for providing context for the categories in this case, sparing me some detective work on EnWiki. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:59, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::At en.wiki, [[Module:Lang]] links to three category types (ignoring error categories): :::::::::::::::::::::*for individual and macrolanguages (most ISO 639-1, -2-, -3 language tags are associated with individual languages; some ISO 639-3 languages are macrolanguages): :::::::::::::::::::::*:<code><nowiki>[[Category:Articles containing</nowiki> <''language-name''>-language text]]</code> :::::::::::::::::::::*for ISO 639-1, 2 collective languages (these names in the standard all have the form: <code><''language-name''> languages</code> – an rfc decided on this form): :::::::::::::::::::::*:<code><nowiki>[[Category:Articles with text in</nowiki> <''language-name''> languages]]</code> :::::::::::::::::::::*for English (this category exists because, in general, it is inappropriate to markup English text at en.wiki which is already marked up as English text; there are good reasons to markup English text so that is why this is not an error category): :::::::::::::::::::::*:<code><nowiki>[[Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text]]</nowiki></code> :::::::::::::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 14:39, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::OK, I understand. Thanks very much, Trappist. Can do. But let's decide how we're dealing with the main group (note also Demetrius's comment below) and then a form of words can be devised for these (very rare) cases also. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:41, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], so, should Latin also mark up Latin text? ::::::::::::::::::::::Also, for my personal and maybe other's curiosity here, what exactly is meant with "macrolanguages" and "collective languages"? Because that's what seems to be the main difference between the 2 aforementioned categories. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 15:34, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::As at en.wiki, generally no, so the category catches improper use of {{tlx|lang|la|...}}. But, there are occasions when such use is appropriate, for example, Latin text within text from another language.—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 15:55, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::::::Yes, I never thought of that! I can imagine it! As above, when we know which style we're using for the whole group of categories, we can add a name for this one too. No problem. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:32, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::See [[:en:ISO 639-2#Collective language codes]] and [[:en:ISO 639 macrolanguage]].—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 15:55, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::Another list of languages (with a masculine form, not with an adverb) is not a problem, I'll make it from the existing one - I just don't know where to insert it. (the existing one still cannot be removed, it is for the text of articles, not for categories). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:36, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], so do we have a translation for the last category now? (Or even better translations for the first 2 I translated?) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:39, 8 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :It has become a little complicated. Questions to answer in sequence: * Is it possible to build in a second list of language names, this time in the form of masculine adjectives ("Latinus", "Anglicus" etc. = X2) :: If Yes, best of all: Demetrius [says above that he] will make list X2, and the category name (as suggested by Iacobus) will be "Continetur textus X2". Go ahead with that. * If No, OK then, is it possible to wrap the category name around the language name? :: If Yes to this, second best: the category names can have the form "Continetur textus X1 scriptus" (as I already suggested above, and using the existing list of language names X1). Go ahead with that. * If No, OK then, third best, the category names had better be in the form "X1 citatur", meaning, with super-Tacitean compression, "There is a citation in X1". Not so readily understood, but it will be a hidden category after all ... :: Right, then, the the names of categories for macrolanguages and language groups can be based directly on the names of the pages -- or future pages -- about these groups. I think a list, X3, will still be wanted, to ensure that they are in a standard plural form e.g. "linguae Italicae". The category names will be "X3 citantur" meaning e.g. "Italic languages are cited". :: Finally, if a text in Latin is marked up, the category name can be "Lingua Latina intra textum citatur", meaning "There is a citation in Latin inside a/the text". The ambiguity "a/the" is useful here. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:41, 8 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]]: ::# This ''second list of language names'' is assumed to replace the first one, no? ::# I believe we can make the category's syntax however we want as long as it is not very dynamic (there aren't different words appearing and disappearing in different cases) ::# We can deal in the end with this special case. But here you mention a third list. Again, if we're meaning to replace the existing ones, that's easy enough. If we want different lists for different cases, I believe that would require substantial technical reworks that go beyond my technical capabilities. ::Maybe you can have a clearer idea if you take a look at the code we're talking about yourself: [[Module:Lang#L-591|Click here]] and you'll see the documentation for the 3 categories. Then below that, you'll see the 2 categories that I've already translated and a part of the third which should be translated (the third one is created by using parts of the existing ones above + that). Then you go and compare everything with the original code [[w:en:Module:Lang#L-591|in EnWiki]] and you'll understand what I've changed and why. There are literally only 3 lines I've changed so it should be easy enough. That will make the bigger picture clearer maybe. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:04, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Thank you for your patience! I understand about the difficulty of incorporating two lists of language names. Extra construction work of that kind for just one Wikipedia is not really desirable. So we move to the second best option. No problem. I am busy with life till late today but as soon as I can I will have a look at the code and either correct it, or tell you how to correct it. OK? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:26, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], of course. Thanks for your fast response! :)) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:00, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::You make it seem easy, Klein Muçi! Yes, I have edited those lines of the module. I hope they work. There is no need in Latin to distinguish the macrolanguage and group categorues from the others: it will just be necessary, in the list of languages, to write the names of language groups in the ablative, because an adverb does not work, e.g. "linguis Italicis". This is likely to be a rare case, anyway. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:43, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Yes, great, it's gotten a lot better. - But there is still [[:Categoria:Continetur_textus_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)_scriptus|Continetur_textus_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)_scriptus]] left (231 pages)? ...textus Graece (ante 1453)... I would do it myself, I don't know where. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 05:51, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::As I said far above, there's no need for the 1453. The reason for its presence is that it is contradictory ''in English'' to claim that all Greek until 1453 is "Ancient" but they want to say it anyway. However, it's not contradictory for us to say that all Greek is "Graece" until we begin to say "Neograece". Those terms are easily defined: no need for a semi-fictional date in parentheses. :::::::But no, I can't find it either! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:24, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::I'll try to find it now. Meanwhile, speaking of Greek, @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], can you translate the first lines and the last ones in this template {{tl|IPA-el}}? There are words like "locally" "pronunciation", "pronounced", "modern" etc. that are left in English. Saw it now while I was searching for the template causing that. The translation will be similar to what you did with the general IPA template some days ago. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:57, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], <u><nowiki>{{lang|el|word}}</nowiki></u> works as intended, while <u><nowiki>{{lang|grc|word}}</nowiki></u> gives category ''Continetur textus <u>Ancient Greek (to 1453)</u> scriptus''. I can't see any code for that beside [[Module:Lang/data#L-373]] but it's not in the localizations table. Is that a kind of English fallback? Anyway we can remap it? - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:08, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::Ancient Greek (to 1453) comes from [[Module:Lang/data]] from [[Module:Language/data/iana languages]] from [[:en:IANA|IANA]] [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file] from [https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/grc ISO639-3]. It is not something made up by the editors at en.wiki. :::::::::: ::::::::::[[Module:Lang]] does not strip parenthetical disambiguators from category names so that different languages with the same name (for example: Ainu <code>aib</code> China; Ainu <code>ain</code> Japan) will be categorized separately. :::::::::: ::::::::::[[Module:Lang/data]] exists to override the names provided by IANA. Create an entry there for whatever flavor of <code>grc</code> you want. ::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 13:04, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], thank you! I was afraid of using THAT list of overrides because of the code name being the only one in 3 letters. It worked fine. :::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], check [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data&diff=3670130&oldid=3670084 this diff]. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:13, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::Well done, @[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]]! We may well need to override some other parenthetical insertions in category names, but thanks to @[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] we now know how to do it. ::::::::::::Since this category name now looks good, I can revert my edit to [[Formula:Polytonic]] and I may as well go ahead and [[:Categoria:Continetur textus Graece scriptus|create the category]]. It has more than 2000 members. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:33, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::Optime; now with the categories that the old templates suddenly began to generate, by common efforts (almost) everything is OK. The word "language" remains in the new templates ({{Lang-ae|...}}, {{Lang-el|...}}, {{Lang-uk|...}}, {{Lang-tr|...}}, {{Lang-rus|...}}, {{Lang-ro|...}}, {{Lang-xmf|...}}, {{Lang-ka|...}}, {{Lang-crh|...}}, {{Lang-bg|...}}, {{Lang-hy|...}}, {{Lang-ady|...}}, {{Lang-zh|...}}, {{Lang-hbs|...}}, {{Lang-ab|...}}) - where does it turn off? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 05:20, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], I'm sorry but I'll have to ask you again on this. I can't find anything on Lang/data for that specifically. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:34, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::At en.wiki [[Module:Lang]] links to language articles through <code>&lt;''language-name''> language</code> redirects. This avoids ambiguity and allows the Module to output a consistent link format that does not require fixing with every update of the IANA [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file]. Redirects are free and MediaWiki handles them efficiently. Use redirects. ::::::::::::::The language names in [[Module:Lang/data]] should be names only: <code>Slavica ecclesiastica</code>, not <code>lingua Slavica ecclesiastica</code>, etc. Use redirects. ::::::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 12:56, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::[Just for context, in case it's useful:] "Slavica ecclesiastica", like "Latina", is not a language name. Those words are just adjectives. "Latina", without other context, means "a woman from Lazio"; "Slavica ecclesiastica", without context, means "a Slav woman who is a church member". :::::::::::::::If we have a language adverb available, like "Latine", that makes it easy. "Latine" means "in a Latin way", and the most usual context for such an expression is linguistic, so any reader will understand "Latine" as "with Latin speech" or "in the Latin tongue". That fits the context of these categories nicely. If we don't have an adverb we can use, the correct way to substitute for it is with a phrase in the ablative, "lingua Twi" (singular) or "linguis Akan" (plural): "in the Twi tongue", "in the Akan tongues". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:00, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::I haven't understood the problem that Demetrius mentions: can someone link to a page on which one of these redlinks to [[XXX language]] appears? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:08, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::These new templates (<nowiki>{{Lang-xx|...}}</nowiki>), which link to an article about a language, take the name of the language from the list (we have edited it and, in any case, it is clear how to edit it) and add the English word "language" to it, and therefore the link does not work; for example {{Lang-tr|...}} (click on it) requires [[Turcice language]] instead of [[Turcice]], and all the others above. — And if they cannot be configured, these 15 must be deleted or, at least, somehow removed to a safe place, to some test space, so that the person, who copied the text with them from another wiki, does not fall into this trap. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 16:34, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::I get it now. Thank you for explaining, Demetri. Now I understand better the point raised by Lesgles above. So, if none of these new "lang-" templates is currently in use (I have just verified that), and <nowiki>{{Lang|...}}</nowiki> can be used in their place, and no one (not even Klein Muçi) can quite see how to configure them, it seems to me also that it would be wise to delete the "lang-" templates quickly and move on. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:29, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], maybe I haven't understood you correctly but I'm finding the courage to press on this one more time: The problem is the "language" part, (the language "suffix"). Can we twist Module:Lang in such a way that instead of "language" it uses "lingua"? (Or maybe remove it altogether, if so needed?) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:04, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::There is an adverb in the templates that matches our redirects, no need to add "lingua" to it (it will be absurd again, the same as with "language"). It is necessary that nothing be added to it (neither "lingua" nor "language"), it will work. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 05:07, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::I agree: ''no added word'' is what we need. Incidentally, there are other languages in which the naming of languages is handled in a similar way to Latin. Greek would be an example. So a solution to this issue would help the transfer of these templates to other wikis. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:50, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) There seems to be another challenge with the {{fnp|Lang|…}} template: <code><nowiki>{{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}}</nowiki></code> gives : {{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}}, and <code><nowiki>{{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}}</nowiki></code> gives : {{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}}, but when I hover my mouse over the foreign-language text, a tooltip "Graece-language text"/"Sinice-language text" is displayed, which is a horrible and ungrammatical mixture between a Latin language adverb and English words. We should discuss how this should read (I would propose "textus Graece scriptus"/"textus Sinice scriptus", but maybe there are better suggestions), and it would be good if someone would find out where to change this tooltip text – I would consider it a bad idea to keep it as it reads now. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 23:53, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :It is possible to write simply "Graece scriptum", "Sinice scriptum" (but simply "Graece", "Sinice" is too lapidary). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:27, 14 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Well observed, UV! I agree that we have to change this. Either your phrase or Demetrius' phrase would suit us, in my opinion. For brevity, perhaps "Graece scriptum" is better. But can we make the change? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:24, 14 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Some other wikis that use the "lang" template series don't show any tooltips. We could accept that as a solution, I think :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:19, 14 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::I'll check the tooltip part soon. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 10:59, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:UV|UV]], @[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], you can modify that part to your wish [[Module:Lang#L-577|here]]. There are 4 lines for different cases. Modify the parts in red. Be careful to respect the spaces and hyphen parts. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:04, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Thanks, it's off. - I did the minimum: now the tool tip is just "Graece". I tried to write "scriptum", but the grace of the gods was no longer enough for this. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:09, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Maybe I have achieved "... scriptum". If I caused any error, Demetri, please revert my edit. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:21, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Alexander Carbonarius == <small><i>(quaestio nova fortuite in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium_31|tabularium]] inserta est, huc moveo, — [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 13:15, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC))</i></small><br> Da ich leider nicht weiß, wo ich sonst fragen kann, versuche ich es hier mal wieder. Von Gregor von Nyssa habe ich einen Text in Alt-Griechisch gefunden. Mit Hilfe des Internets konnte ich keine Übersetzung finden. Vielleicht hier? Der Text ist von hier: http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/04z/z_0330-0395__Gregorius_Nyssenus__De_vita_Gregorii_Thaumaturgi__MGR.pdf.html Es geht mir ausschließlich um drei Zeilen: Zeilen: [00360] Καὶ τίς οὗτος, φησὶν, ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, οὗ τὴν µνήµην πεποίησθε; [00361] Εἶτά τινος τῶν συµπαρόντων ἐν γέλωτι παραγαγόντος εἰς µέσον τὸν µνηµονευθέντα, ῥακίοις πιναροῖς ἠµφιεσµένον, οὐδὲ ὅλῳ τῷ σώµατι, καὶ ἅµα δεικνύντα τῷ φαινοµένῳ τὴν ἐργασίαν χερσί τε καὶ προσώπῳ, καὶ τῷ λοιπῷ σώµατι κατεῤῥυπωµένον τῇ ἐργασίᾳ τῶν ἀνθράκων, τοῖς µὲν λοιποῖς γέλωτος ἦν ὑπόθεσις, ἐν µέ σοις τοιοῦτος ἑστὼς ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, τῷ δὲ διορατικῷ ἐκείνῳ ὀφθαλµῷ πολλὴν παρεῖχεν ἔκπληξιν τὸ γινόµενόν τε καὶ ὁρώµενον· [00378] Πάντων δὲ πρὸς τὸν νέον ἱερέα ἀποβλεπόντων, προτραπείς τινα πρὸς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν λόγον ποιήσασθαι, ἔδειξεν εὐθὺς ἐν προοιµίοις τῆς ἀρχῆς ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος ἄψευστον ἐπ' αὐτῷ τοῦ µεγάλου Γρηγορίου τὴν κρίσιν Da wird was über Alexander, dem Köhler/Alexander Carbonarius (Heiliger und Bischof) erzählt? Ich weiß, hier geht es um Latein, aber ich habe die Hoffnung, dass hier auch viele Alt-Griechisch können. Kennt jemand evtl. einen Link zu einer deutschen Übersetzung, oder kann auf die Schnelle(!) grob(!) sagen, worum es in den drei Zeilen geht? Danke [[Usor:Qwertzu111111|Qwertzu111111]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Qwertzu111111|disputatio]]) 16:10, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) * (This page is already archived, you probably made a mistake, it is better to move the question [[Vicipaedia:Taberna|to the current tabernа]].) — Sorry, I am not fit to make a translation into German or English, but it tells how St. Gregory Thaumaturgus chose Alexander as bishop, a simple coal-burner, in tatters and completely black from coal (colorfully described), and all the people gathered in the church looked at him with bewilderment, but Alexander immediately turned to them with such a speech that everyone understood that Gregory was wonderfully perspicacious. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:11, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :: thanks for your quick and kind response. Yes, I made a mistake. sorry for that. It sounds like the content is that: https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01295c.htm? [[Usor:Qwertzu111111|Qwertzu111111]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Qwertzu111111|disputatio]]) 22:23, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==Categoria:Genera animalium== I thought we'd finished applying this category (and similar categories in the set) to all appropriate articles, but several spiders not so marked just turned up. Do other such articles exist? Would it be possible for someone to construct a program that would list any articles that have, say, the word ''Animalia'' in a taxobox but not the category "..... animalium" (where "....." can be ''species'' or ''genera'' or ''tribus'' and so forth)? ¶ And then of course with plants (having ''Plantae'' in a taxobox). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:31, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :You're right: much was done, but it was not a job that could be completed 100% manually. :We still have some survivals of a very ancient kind of taxobox, and not all the articles concerned have taxoboxes at all -- they don't have anything predictable in common, not even that -- but ''nearly'' all of them do, and your solution, if it can be applied, would pick up all of those. The aim would be to list all the articles (a) with ''Animalia'' or ''Plantae'' in a taxobox (b) currently lacking any category that is a subcategory of [[:Categoria:Taxa gradu digesta]]. Yes, it seems a good idea to me. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:51, 27 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==Default location & size of images== If memory serves, the default in Vicipaedia is that fasciculi print flush right at a size of 250px (or upright=1); therefore, the word ''right'' and an indication of size don't need to be written into the code. However, in "[[Monumentum Nationale Marinum Papahānaumokuākea]]," if the word ''right'' is omitted from the code, the first image, a map, prints flush ''left.'' Also, if an indication of size (either via px or via "upright') is omitted there, the image prints extra-large, all the way across the screen. Do we have bugs in the system? or do these irregularities come from something particular to that image? ~~ : The word <code>thumb</code> was missing. I added it and now everything works as usual ;-) --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 22:56, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Well I'll be darned. But that raises another point: evidently "thumb" isn't needed if "right" and an indication of size are present. In other words, only two of those criteria are required. (I'd always thought "thumb" was obligatory.) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 00:02, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::: We should generally use <code>thumb</code>. Omitting <code>thumb</code> and adding <code>right|250px</code> produces a different result: an image without the gray frame that usually holds the image caption (in fact, in this case the image caption is usually invisible): ::: {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" |- | '''Preferred:''' With <code>thumb</code> | [[File:Example.svg|thumb|This image caption is displayed on the screen.]] |- | '''Should generally not be used:''' Without <code>thumb</code>, using <code><nowiki>right|250px</nowiki></code>. Note that the image caption is usually not visible on the screen. | [[File:Example.svg|right|250px|This image caption is usually not visible on the screen.]] |} ::: --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 00:20, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Thanks! Good to know! I've always tried to use "thumb" myself anyway, since it's more efficient—because, by permitting "right" and an indication of size to be omitted, it reduces the potential number of octeti that constitute an article. (I do, however, reduce the size of most images that appear on the ''left,'' and of some ''subsidiary'' images on the right; furthermore, some kinds of images, especially those on the left, like flags & simple symbols, can profitably be minimized, down to "upright=0.5" or even smaller.) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:08, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Formula: Ludus == Salve! I stumbled upon the aforementioned template. It appears to be an old template which has been replaced with {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} in 2013. However 2 articles remain that still use it: [[Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Formula:Ludus]]. I'd suggest someone edited the said articles to use the new template and then delete the old one. {{tl|Ludus}} is rendered in gigantic proportions ruining overall article formatting. Pinging user @[[Usor:UV|UV]] given that he's been the last editor to deal with {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}}. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 03:38, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) : {{fn|Ludus}} and {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}} are identical in the sense that {{fn|Ludus}} redirects to {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}}. There are only three articles that use this template ([https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specialis%3ANexus+ad+paginam&target=Formula%3ACapsa+ludi+electronici&namespace=0]). Generally, I am not too fond of infoboxes (with the exception of those infoboxes that get their content exclusively from Wikidata, see the ''Capsa xyz Vicidata'' templates at [[:Categoria:Formulae Vicidata]]). I prefer an article text with complete Latin sentences to "pieces of information" in an infobox, see e.g. this old discussion here: [[Disputatio Formulae:Capsa hominis/draft]]. If I remember correctly, a consensus formed several years ago '''not to add any new infoboxes that would require local content''', only Vicidata infoboxes that get their content from Wikidata only. That said, I would not object if someone wants to remove the infobox from those three articles. Afterwards, {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}} (and its corresponding redirect, {{fn|Ludus}}) could be deleted. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:49, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:UV|UV]], I was searching for a Wikidata template but I wasn't able to find one for this case. {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} is better than {{tl|Ludus}} in formatting aspects so the hope was for someone to make those 2 articles ( ::''World of Warcraft'' and ''Baldur's Gate'') use the first ones instead of the later one as an immediate solution and then decide what a better absolute solution would be for articles about electronic games in general. Those 2 articles are currently very hard to read because of {{tl|Ludus}}. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:01, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::: I repeat that {{fn|Ludus}} redirects to {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}}. It does so since 2013. The way an article is displayed to the reader will therefore not change (or improve) if {{fn|Ludus}} is being changed to {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}}. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 17:04, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:UV|UV]], I know that but the example in {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} looks well-formatted, as opposed to the result that we see on articles. So I thought that was coming because they were utilizing {{tl|Ludus}} or were using characters in a bad manner. But most likely it's because {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} is outdated itself. So there's no help coming from Wikidata in this case, eh? - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 17:17, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::I guess Wikidata is mentioned because of our biographical (etc.) infoboxes that draw data from Wikidata -- am I right? Computer games bore me, I'm sorry to say, but if Klein Muçi or anyone else wanted to adapt an infobox for computer games, they can of course use these designs. They are native to Vicipaedia (drawing on work done here by several editors). Adapting them to more subject areas, e.g. computer games, can be a very easy thing to do -- if the required data is present at Wikidata. :::::Cur ad Vicidata alludimus? Fortasse propter nostras capsas informationis (biographicas etc.) quae data ex Vicidata extrahunt? De ludis computatralibus laborare nolo (date veniam!), sed si quis designationes Vicipaedicas ad ludos computatrales accommodare vult, aut ad alias disciplinas, certe potest. Facile erit, si data iam apud Vicidata exstant. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:54, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Noting UV's observation that very few Vicipaedia pages call for this template, a better use of time, Klein Muçi (or anyone else), might be to adapt an infobox for films on our existing model. We have many pages that require it. That, also, would probably be a quick task. If you try it, you'll soon see how it works and (who knows?) you might conclude that the model could be transferred to other small wikis. ::::::UV recte supra dicit: perpaucae paginae nostrae capsam de ludis electronicis requirunt. Ergo fortasse melius erit hoc tempore, si quis velit, formularium nostrum capsarum informationis ad usum paginarum de pelliculis cinematographicis accommodare. Facile erit (mea mente). Is qui temptet fortasse idem formularium censebit in alias Vicipaedias minores transferendum esse. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:26, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], I'm a fan of Wikidata but I've never got the chance to utilize its power up until now because the environments (wiki projects) I usually deal with don't give too much freedom in using or creating infoboxes that draw data from out of the project, fearing vandalism issues. Because of that I'd be excited to try and help in what you suggest (the film's infobox). If I have any good results to report, I'll be back here. :::::::In regard to all the {{tl|Ludus}}/{{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} thing, I was hoping for you to direct me to an already established Wikidata infobox (similar to the one used for bios, etc. as you mention) but apparently it doesn't exist. :::::::And I'd like to really thank you personally for providing the Latin text below your answers. It's an extra step you're taking that's beneficial to many people for many reasons. For me it does help a lot to get better at my Latin reading. I really wish I could reply back in the same language but I lack the courage and the skill to do that. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:11, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::Yes, there are problems with the data in Vicidata, including occasional vandalism. That is why I named Vicidata, and added the logo, at the head of the infobox. It's not our data. However, in the great majority of cases, it is a useful supplement to our pages. ::::::::Recte dicis: errores exstant et vandalismus accidit apud Vicidata. Hac ratione nomen et emblema Vicidatorum ad caput capsarum posui, ut qui diceret "Haec data non sunt nostra". Sed plurimis casibus hae capsae res utiles paginis nostris addunt. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:20, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], I tried dealing with this (studied some Wikidata templates in other wikis) but I couldn't, I'm sorry. Creating a Wikidata template from scratch was a bit too hard for me. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 03:02, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::I should have explained more fully: the general layout for all these infoboxes is given by [[Formula:Capsa Vicidata]]; the details specific to each topic area -- mainly, the fields at Wikidata from which we draw our data, the way we place it in the box, and the Latin text with which we label it -- are given in a formula for each topic area, for example, [[Formula:Capsa urbis Vicidata]]. Did you see that? But if you prefer I'll have a go at the films myself in a couple of days. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:27, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Novus articulus == Salvete, [[Usor:Llaaww/Sandbox|novum articulum]] scripsi, sed nescio ubi eum submittere, ut revisionatus sit a expertibus et publicari posset. Gratias ago. <br> [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Dispitatio usoris:Llaaww|Disputatio]]) 06:57, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :Vicipaedia, ut in centum miliis commentariorum iam editorum facillime videtur, numeris Romanis annisque A.U.C. non utitur. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:57, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) Multas gratias ago! Articulus creavi. --[[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 17:26, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ==Egregiously missing articles== For reference: these are the articles that Meta says are most egregiously missing from Vicipaedia (as of 16 February 2022), linked to their Q-numbers and titles in English. Adding them will improve [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles our score]. These and the other 2,592 egregiously missing articles (plus the 7,408 most important articles already present) are found [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Paginae_quas_omnibus_Wikipediis_contineri_oportet/Expansio here]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:59, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) {{div col|4}} #<s>[[d:Q81068910|COVID-19 pandemic]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q11254|table salt]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q15083|giraffe]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q13191|orange]]</s> 0 #<s>[[d:Q81|carrot]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q39546|tool]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q18756|UEFA Champions League]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q36442|political science]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q37383|peanut]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q25272|ampere]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q43514|theory of relativity]] 0</s> #[<s>[[d:Q41298|magazine]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q1968|Formula One]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q42804|beard]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q42962|oil]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q41975|Mongols]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q44167|engine]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q901|scientist]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q2005|JavaScript]] 0</s> #[[d:Q36810|quadrilateral]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q41159|rhombus]] 0</s> #[[d:Q122224|birth control]] 0 #[[d:Q131144|Tom and Jerry]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q42240|scientific research]] 0</s> #[[d:Q134859|pertussis]] 0 #[[d:Q40970|International Olympic Committee]] 0 #[[d:Q9448|Premier League]] 0 #[[d:Q47213|Warren Buffett]] 0 #[[d:Q4116214|accounting]] 0 #[[d:Q46303|trapezoid]] 0 #[[d:Q57216|plate]] 0 #[[d:Q155223|National Basketball Association]] 0 #[[d:Q41273|momentum]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q81197|nuclear physics]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q28692|Pimpinella anisum]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q3840065|atomic mass]] 0 #[[d:Q99895|pillow]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q160554|Mohammad Ali Jinnah]] 0</s> #[[d:Q39809|marketing]] 0 #[[d:Q768575|lens]] 0 #[[d:Q41591|Ohm's law]] 0 #[[d:Q29294|Willis Tower]] 0 #[[d:Q1445650|holiday]] 0 #[[d:Q126017|distance]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q6102450|list of chemical elements]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q25372|drama]] 0</s> #[[d:Q7313|Yuan Empire]] 0 #[[d:Q43183|insurance]] 0 #[[d:Q385378|construction]] 0 #[[d:Q8799|byte]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q13182|Litchi chinensis]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q165308|pumpkin]] 0 #[[d:Q180600|humidity]] 0 #[[d:Q43015|finance]] 0 #[[d:Q165447|pen]] 0 #[[d:Q27695|Shaka Zulu]] 0 #[[d:Q23757|limestone]] 0 #[[d:Q80732|Tenzing Norgay]] 0 #[[d:Q48282|student]] 0 #[[d:Q47083|ohm]] 0 #[[d:Q83085|Soviet–Afghan War]] 0 #[[d:Q78994|Napoleonic Wars]] 0 #[[d:Q11584|Iker Casillas]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q8475|Interpol]] 0</s> #[[d:Q93189|egg]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q43250|Gestapo]] 0</s> #[[d:Q93196|Bollywood]] 0 #[[d:Q7749|rock and roll]] 0 #[[d:Q47574|unit of measurement]] 0 #[[d:Q34508|video recording]] 0 #[[d:Q129286|British India]] 0 #[[d:Q60235|caffeine]] 0 #[[d:Q80026|erosion]] 0 #[[d:Q75698|Samuel Finley Breese Morse]] 0 #[[d:Q45701|waste]] 0 #[[d:Q174211|organic compound]] 0 #[[d:Q103774|Ravi Shankar]] 0 #[[d:Q132821|murder]] 0 #[[d:Q44980|Alex Ferguson]] 0 #[[d:Q6686|Renault]] 0 #[[d:Q45393|sea piracy]] 0 #[[d:Q19771|G20]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q66|Boeing]] 0</s> #[[d:Q3294789|magnetism]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q134465|Newton's law of universal gravitation]] 0</s> #[[d:Q127920|covalent bond]] 0 #[[d:Q52139|climatology]] 0 #[[d:Q44395|pascal]] 0 #[[d:Q178810|Syrian Civil War]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q7462|Song dynasty]] 0</s> #[[d:Q351|Yellowstone National Park]] 0 #[[d:Q260858|UEFA European Championship]] 0 #[[d:Q35216|Zhou dynasty]] 0 #[[d:Q2920921|management]] 0 #[[d:Q34216|Mossad]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q797848|Babur]] 0</s> #[[d:Q83672|Shah Jahan]] 0 #[[d:Q124164|alternating current]] 0 #[[d:Q82580|friction]] 0 #[[d:Q166747|parliamentary system]] 0 #[[d:Q83460|general]] 0 #[[d:Q46255|geophysics]] 0 #[[d:Q79529|chemical substance]] 0 #[[d:Q42844|major depressive disorder]] 0 #[[d:Q44455|game theory]] 0 #[[d:Q43380|CBS]] 0 #[[d:Q128938|Shang dynasty]] 0 #[[d:Q129104|anthrax]] 0 #[[d:Q40629|Myspace]] 0 #[[d:Q124115|Niels Henrik Abel]] 0 #[[d:Q161439|jewelry]] 0 #[[d:Q11359|Aryabhata]] 0 #[[d:Q108429|archery]] 0 #[[d:Q131089|geodesy]] 0 #[[d:Q101879|weed]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q66065|Sahel]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q42289|degree Fahrenheit]] 0 #[[d:Q10993|Tiger Woods]] 0 #[[d:Q131814|Tina Turner]] 0 #[[d:Q128135|totalitarianism]] 0 #[[d:Q38280|German Shepherd dog]] 0 #[[d:Q80284|viola]] 0 #[[d:Q165950|espionage]] 0 #[[d:Q52090|bourgeoisie]] 0 #[[d:Q133346|border]] 0 #[[d:Q82059|NASDAQ]] 0 #[[d:Q7100|biophysics]] 0 #[[d:Q12129|parsec]] 0 #[[d:Q329888|Allies of the Second World War]] 0 #[[d:Q131572|refugee]] 0 #[[d:Q13974|NBC]] 0 #[[d:Q134817|Abdul Hamid II]] 0 #[[d:Q133500|learning]] 0 #[[d:Q188969|B. B. King]] 0 #[[d:Q1455|field hockey]] 0 #[[d:Q3465|jinn]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q81799|fast food]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q81809|atmospheric pressure]] 0 #[[d:Q12674|Rudolf Diesel]] 0 #[[d:Q16560|palace]] 0 #[[d:Q129279|dysentery]] 0 #[[d:Q80994|adult]] 0 #[[d:Q3803|Lesser Sunda Islands]] 0 #[[d:Q52418|Attack on Pearl Harbor]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q172107|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] 0</s> #[[d:Q11015|snooker]] 0 #[[d:Q482931|Ferenc Puskás]] 0 #[[d:Q62943|Maurya Empire]] 0 #[[d:Q168247|famine]] 0 #[[d:Q13703|Latinoamérica]] 0 #[[d:Q161227|Yalta Conference]] 0 #[[d:Q167178|scabies]] 0 #[[d:Q83462|weightlifting]] 0 #[[d:Q80294|celluloseperronation]] 0 #[[d:Q131761|Humphry Davy]] 0 #[[d:Q169031|glove]] 0 #[[d:Q48422|cadaver]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q131401|caliphate]] 0</s> #[[d:Q52109|geomorphology]] 0 #[[d:Q6241|patriotism]] 0 #[[d:Q7892|drinking water]] 0 #[[d:Q148109|Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] 0 #[[d:Q79602|cyclone]] 0 #[[d:Q614304|pharmacy]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q60052|Gustav Kirchhoff]] 0</s> #[[d:Q130964|small calorie]] 0 #[[d:Q83216|candela]] 0 #[[d:Q127683|incest]] 0 #[[d:Q42798|Borobudur]] 0 #[[d:Q7407|Andre Agassi]] 0 #[[d:Q132325|Ayurveda]] 0 #[[d:Q163943|Druze]] 0 #[[d:Q137056|corrosion]] 0 #[[d:Q134293|dharma]] 0 #[[d:Q51290|harmonica]] 0 #[[d:Q101929|immunology]] 0 #[[d:Q18123741|infectious disease]] 0 #[[d:Q133235|combustion]] 0 #[[d:Q4925193|lie]] 0 #[[d:Q45981|rhythm and blues]] 0 #[[d:Q783794|company]] 0 #[[d:Q159241|direct current]] 0 #[[d:Q162900|Charles Thomson Rees Wilson]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q133641|Age of Discovery]] 0</s> #[[d:Q128160|Cuban Missile Crisis]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q179876|Kingdom of England]] 0</s> #[[d:Q10934|Crab Nebula]] 0 #[[d:Q133696|color blindness]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q82457|William Wallace]] 0</s> #[[d:Q4932206|jurisprudence]] 0 #[[d:Q163415|William Shockley]] 0 #[[d:Q102626|binoculars]] 0 #[[d:Q123737|Emmy Award]] 0 #[[d:Q80019|double bass]] 0 #[[d:Q116|monarch]] 0 #[[d:Q102798|ore]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q73169|Scandinavian Peninsula]]</s> 0 #<s>[[d:Q3253281|pond]] 0</s> #[[d:Q161414|history of Russia]] 0 #[[d:Q11662|Steffi Graf]] 0 {{div col end}} :Some of these articles are actually present in Vicipaeda but are prevented from being registered correctly at Meta by curiosities in interwiki linking. For example, Vicipaedia's "[[Drama (fictio)]]" is the correct match for the English article "Drama," but it's linked to the English page "Dramatic arts," which vicissim redirects to the English article "Drama." Changing Vicipaedia's link so as to bypass the redirect may or may not help. (I'll try that now, but we may not know until mid-March whether this change solves the problem.) Maybe a kind programmer can discover which other articles are wrongly linked and find a way to fix the process. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:10, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::I switched "drama (fictio)" on Vicidata, it seems like it really fits. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:42, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Macte! I'll cross it off the list. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:55, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) Illam enumerationem lingua [Graeco]latina explico: has paginas, a [[:meta:|meta]]symmachis nostris nominatas (quia usque adhuc apud nos necessitantur), nobis oportet creare et augere si lauras nancisci cupimus [[:meta:|meta]]cosmicas. Eaedem paginae insuper (quis dubitabit?) utiles erunt lectoribus nostris. Nexus, quos Iacobus supra dedit, ad [[:d:|Vicidata]] dirigunt, ubi -- quando imam in istam paginam te summersus eris -- indicem paginarum apud alias Vicipaedias iam factarum cito reperire potebis. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:25, 18 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :"[[Malum Sinense]]" (''orange''), moleste apuud Vicidata annexum, inter paginas cognatas restitui et ex hac enumeratione expunxi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:00, 18 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Sequentes stipulas conscripsi: [[Gestapo]] 18 Februarii 2022), [[Caliphatus]] (18 Februarii 2022) et [[Mongoli]] (19 Februarii 2022) et modo [[Guillelmus Wallaceus]]--[[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 11:05, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) Now just a minute! Vicipaedia has "[[Stagnum]]," and it links to English "Pond" (#198 above), but Meta doesn't know about that. Maybe someone will investigate. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:06, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :[[Stagnum]] nunc correxi. [Dixit Lesgles.] ::Similarly, Vicipaedia has the article "[[Giraffa]]," and it's linked to English "[[:en:Giraffe|Giraffe]]" (#3 above), but Meta doesn't know about it. More investigation warranted? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:31, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::"Myrias" includes "Northern giraffe", I switched on wikidata, I hope they don't cancel. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 17:40, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ===Theoretical question=== A theoretical question for programmers (in case they're interested): is it possible to figure out why Meta chooses ''these'' topics—out of more than 2500—and lists them ''in this order''? Are the choosing and the sorting random? or is Meta trying to tell us something about the ''relative'' importance of the items listed? Might we reasonably say that the first topic listed is the ''most'' egregiously missing, the second topic listed is the second most egregiously missing, and so forth? Is comparison with other wikis (or one wiki, presumably the English) involved? and if so, how are the comparisons quantified so as to produce a ranked list? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:03, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :Did you give a link to the page at meta where the above list is provided? If not, please do, because that would be where I'd start looking for your answer! Mind you, I don't self-identify as a programmer :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:10, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Yes, a link is there, but [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles ''here it is again!''] I'm not a programmer either, though I wasn't unfamiliar with BASIC and FORTRAN in antediluvian times. An unasked question is whether it's (somehow) better to do "Giraffe" (#3) next, or "Steffi Graf" (#200), and if so, why. Computationally (quantitatively), the order shouldn't make a difference, but when the wikis are compared, maybe it does? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:03, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::No, sorry, there something I don't grasp yet. That link is to a list of Wikipedias (which I know quite well). Where do they provide the list of 200 missing articles that you have just pasted above? That seems to be what you're talking about. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:26, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::OK, I've got it now. If anyone else wants to find it, the real link is [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles/Shortest#la_Latina here!] [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:31, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Oh. ''That'' list! Well, now you've got it! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:39, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Right, Iacobe. Your answer is this. For wikis that have all, or nearly all, of the 10,000 articles already, the list shows the 200 shortest of them as they stand on each wiki, in ascending order of size, with a digit showing the number of words in each. Where one or more articles are entirely absent from a wiki, the names of those articles (quite logically) come first in each list, with the digit "0" following, meaning "no words". For wikis that lack more than 200 of the 10,000 articles, the list shows a random 200 names of absent articles, all followed by "0"; there is no rationale behind the selection, and no rationale in the order. ::::We lack about 2,500 of the articles, so this list of 200 may be of no great value (no, I'm wrong there, because it has persuaded some of us to write new articles!) If anyone disagrees with my diagnosis, please say. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:50, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::It turns out that the order of items in the list is ''not'' random, and there ''is'' a rationale behind the selection and the order. This month's list (published today) shows Vicipaedia's still-missing articles in almost exactly the same order as last month's. (That wouldn't happen in a new random selection.) A note on Meta's talk page tells us why (emphasis added): "The absent articles are sorted with ''the most popular first.'' So you get the 200 most popular articles that are absent in each Wikipedia. Popularity is here counted by number of languages that have the article." Therefore, it seems that, to improve the project the most, we should concentrate on topics at the ''start'' of this list and proceed downward from there. That's not to say that our volunteers shouldn't continue to "do their own thing" with other topics. :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:57, 16 Martii 2022 (UTC) ::::::This means that right now, the most important of the missing topics are (in descending order of importance): ::::::#<s>[[d:Q25272|ampere]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q18756|UEFA Champions League]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q36442|political science]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q41298|magazine]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q43514|theory of relativity]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q1968|Formula One]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q42962|oil]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q44167|engine]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q901|scientist]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q2005|JavaScript]]</s> ::::::Of course, adding ''any'' of the 2550 missing topics will improve the score. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:05, 16 Martii 2022 (UTC) :::::::I'm glad you discovered that. It is heartening to learn that there is a logic to the arrangement :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:33, 16 Martii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::Now that we know how Meta ranks the items in the list, it occurs to me that addressing those items in the order of their descending importance—scilicet in the order of their descending publicity—may help attract more visitors to Vicipaedia from other wikis. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:49, 2 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) Latine brevissime verto: Iacobus de ratione enumerationis, quam ipse supra inseruit, quaeret. Ego originem enumerationis non sine peripetiis repperi; quo facto perspexi selectionem ordinemque titulorum e nulla ratione humana oriri statui. (Si erravi, s.v.p. dicite!) Nihilominus utile fuit quia persuademur ut paginas novas gravitudine haud minimas creemus. Enumerationem omnium paginarum desideratissimarum, ab humanis selectarum, [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Wikipediis contineri oportet/Expansio|hic]] habemus. Paginarum, quae a Vicipaedia Latina absunt, titulum Anglicum ibi videmus. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:03, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) [[Regnum Angliae]] conscripsi.--[[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 07:18, 30 Martii 2022 (UTC) "[[Magazina]]" and "[[Theoria relativitatis]]" have been converted from redirects; will Meta understand and give us credit in its rankings? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:12, 5 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :Presumably you need to ensure that the Wikidata entry is updated with the link to the la.wikipedia page for it to be detected in the next analysis? I checked for the 'oil' page for instance, as well as the two articles above, and this is missing. -[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:26, 11 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::Isn't that supposed to happen automatically? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 22:56, 11 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::I could be wrong but … how would a machine programmatically be able to match them up? Possibly by a link to the English or another language page, but that could be misleading. But if someone has other information, that'd be good to know. -18:16, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:16, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::::PS: it seems that @[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] is generally adding the latin pages to Wikidata entries, looking at the history on the WD enties. -[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:44, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::::Yes, "Magazina" and "Theoria relativitatis" I tied today, "Oleum" was already tied. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 18:59, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::::::It's nice of you to do that for Iacobus, Demetri. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:30, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::::::For the oils, are both links there? One should go to "[[Oleum]]" ("Olive oil"), and the other should go to "[[Oleum (generale)]]" ("Oil"). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:18, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::::::If anyone is interested about my experience with this subject, I might add that that list was once one of the most talked about lists in the whole Wikimedia community. I remember when we would have the exact same discussions as the one here in my homewiki (SqWiki). Completing the list became the central aim of most of our work, each user only choosing articles from that list if they wanted to write something new (according to their subjects of interest). This lasted for quite some years. Then later, somewhat strangely, it started falling into obscurity for us and, take my words with a grain of salt, in a global scale. I don't know exactly what happened that its popularity faded. Maybe it was because there was only so much a community could try about writing 10k articles before they gave up (that's more than 1/10 of our total number of articles written in around 20 years, 1/10 of which with the help of robots), maybe we (and the other projects) did indeed create most of its articles and that allowed them to give it a rest, maybe it was because a lot of lists started popping up with similar aims but more subject oriented some time after that list reached its peak fame, some of them with a literal infinite number of articles (so much that they created a bot for generating them: [[w:en:User:ListeriaBot|ListeriaBot]]), maybe it was because no one really wasn't sure of the answers of the same questions that were asked in this discussion but something happened and it had been literal years without me encountering those lists. :::::::Something that may also tangentially touch this matter is [[w:en:Abastract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]], a project which basically aims to use artificial intelligence aspects to auto-generate articles in every possible language if that article exists in one language (most likely English). :::::::So all in all in my personal, maybe wrong, belief, I'd say that you shouldn't feel constrained to finish the list and only work on it because a) it may be only "a random list" in "the bigger scheme of things" and b) ideally speaking, "soon enough" AW will most likely change a lot of ways about how we feel and think about article numbers and translations. That said, if dealing with it motivates you, go for it and be sure that your help will be appreciated by people reading those articles eventually. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 09:15, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::::::::The lists are hardly random, but nevertheless, they're terribly flawed. Of the 2000 people collected under "Homines," a more careful evaluation (by well-informed experts) would replace several ''hundred'' with individuals more important "in the greater scheme of things." But the fact that the lists have a bias toward ''popularity'' (rather than historical impartiality) may be precisely what makes them useful at this stage of the project's development—in potentially attracting readers! Far more people are going to want to read in modern languages about, say, Marshall Mathers than about (ahem) [[Azteca diabolica|diabolic Panamian ants]], or [[Ioannes de Cárdenas (medicus)|sixteenth-century Mexican professors]], or [[Caychax|French villages that have eleven residents]], and in so reading, they're going to have a greater chance of noticing & visiting Vicipaedia if Vicipaedia has [[Eminem|an article about the aforesaid Marshall Mathers]]. Not to say that we contributors shouldn't continue addressing topics that interest us, whether they be rare ants, long-dead professors, or out-of-the-way crossroads (and authoritative texts on such subjects, especially if they offer more than can be found in vernacular wikis, will indeed have no little utility!), but those with time available might want to consider the public service of building the encyclopedia in such a way as to make it the most attractive to the most people, ''right now.'' As for the future, we should have no doubt that our efforts here, within a few decades, will be utterly undone by programs guided by artificial intelligence. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:15, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ===Top-viewed articles=== As for Vicipaedia's [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/top-viewed-articles/normal|table|last-month|(access)~desktop*mobile-app*mobile-web|monthly top-viewed articles], it appears that any text with S-E-X in its title must be highly attractive! (That and being a Catalonian political activist.) Also, it appears that Vicipaedia gets [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/page-views-by-country/normal|map|last-month|(access)~desktop*mobile-app*mobile-web|monthly more pageviews from India] than from any other country. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:48, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :Hmm. Notice also the amount of interest coming from [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/page-views-by-country/normal|map|last-month|(access)~desktop*mobile-app*mobile-web|monthly that large European-Asian country] that figures prominently in the news these days. Could that be because of interest in the ongoing "[[praecipua negotia militaria]]"? If so, it might behoove the ablest contributors to improve the Latinity of pertinent articles, particularly [[Incursio Russica in Ucrainam (2022)|''this one'']]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:58, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) == Motio novi articuli == Salvete! Versio articuli de [[systema periodicum extensum ultra septimum periodum|systemate periodico extenso ultra septimum periodum]] scripsi. Id movi a vetero nomine (harenarium meum) ad novum nomen, sed cum inspicio aliae linguae, mihi dicitur articulum non existere in alias linguas. Sed verum non est! Anglice, articulum nominatur ''[[:en:Extended periodic table|Extended periodic table]]''. Quomodo hoc rectum facere possum?--[[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 16:39, 25 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :Novam paginam apud Vicidata addere necesse est: id quod nuper feci. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:10, 25 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Gratias ago. Vidi latinitatem corrigendam esse: quidne erratum est? Si possum, volo eam corrigere... [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 17:20, 27 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Si rationem nescis, historiam paginae inspice. Quis hanc notitiam imposuit? Ad paginam disputationis illius usoris quaerere potes. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:45, 27 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Clarus. Gratias ago. Sed nunc [[Hardvell|aliam paginam creavi]] et idem problema habeo. Possum id resolvere solum an auxilium magistrati petere debeo? Nescio quomodo id facere, si a mihi fieri potest, aliquis hoc mihi explicare potest? Multas gratias ago. [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 18:35, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Pagina nova iam creata et servata, i ad paginam de eadem re apud aliam Vicipaediam; e.g. [[:en:Robbert van de Corput]]. Ad sinistram marginem reperi lineam "Edit links". Imprime. Ad pedem paginae Vicidata rubricam "Vicipaedia" reperi. Imprime "edit". Ad pedem columnae, in spatium vacuum, scribe "lat". Selige "Latine". Fac "Tab". Incipe nomen paginae tuae scribere, "Hardv " ... Selige "Hardvell". Imprime "publish". Omnes, non magistratus tantum, id facere possunt -- sed NB necesse est novam paginam tuam antea creavisse et servavisse. Paginae futurae non accipiuntur. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:38, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Optime! Permultas gratias ago! [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 07:48, 1 Martii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Quando primum facis, difficile esse videtur; postea facile (id spero). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:42, 1 Martii 2022 (UTC) ==Dē additiōne linguae graecae== Χαίρετε! Magistrātus [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/grc Vicipaediae graecae] sum et volō rogāre sī translātiōnem graecē ubi "Participātiō tua" in pāginā prīmā dicat addere possīmus. Translātiōnem egō sānē faciam. Crēdō, quod linguae latīna et graeca longam et propinquam historiam habent, illam additiōnem bonam fore. (Ignōscite mihi sī latinē bene nōn scrīpsī) --[[Usor:PastelKos|PastelKos]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:PastelKos|disputatio]]) 12:14, 13 Martii 2022 (UTC) :[[Vicipaedia:Ops_nexusque_usoribus_novis/de|Talem paginam]] Attice versam proponis? Cur non, nihil obstat, ut mihi videtur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 14:34, 15 Martii 2022 (UTC) == the ''vandal'' == Those of you who sometimes watch recentchanges may over the last few weeks have noticed a vandal adding italic formatting to entire pages. Since the problem has now been recurring for some time, I have earlier today implemented a measure to prevent '''anonymous''' users whose IP address starts with 2001:4454:6 from adding italic formatting to pages. They can at this time still create a user account and/or log in (and then add formatting). The [{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchFilter=3}} logs] tell me that just two hours after I implemented this, the vandal arrived, tried five times in vain to add italic formatting to our page [[Gallia]] and left again ;-) Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 23:59, 21 Martii 2022 (UTC) :Thanks. — Vandals' motives are usually clear, but in this case they are not. What's the point of making the whole page in italics? I even thought it was some kind of lost bot. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:58, 22 Martii 2022 (UTC) ::@UV, it's back, under the name of Регистриране. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:41, 2 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ==Doubled number of visitors== Just checking the Vicipaedia stats, I see that vistor numbers have [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews/?platform=all-access&source=pageviews&agent=user&start=2015-07&end=2022-02&sites=la.wikipedia.org doubled in the last 4 months], from around 750,000-1 million views a month, to around 1.4 million; peaking at 1.8m in Feb. (see also [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/total-page-views/normal|bar|all|~total|monthly wikimedia stats tool]; gives a different but similar story of increased traffic.) This looks like something changed in the accessibility of the site from Wikipedia generally - does anyone know what this might relate to? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:17, 25 Martii 2022 (UTC) :I don't know the real answer, Jim, but I think I have noticed in recent days that searching for Latin on Google brings up fewer pages of imitations and mirrors of Latin Vicipaedia, more pages of the real Latin Vicipaedia. If this is true, possibly the algorithm of Google as applied to "minor" languages has changed a tiny bit. :Responsum haud bene scio, {{ping|JimKillock}}, sed observavi paginas imitationum speculorumque Vicipaediae Latinae minus, paginas verae Vicipaediae Latinae nostrae plus, quaerentibus apud Google in his diebus monstratas esse. Si id verum sit, fortassse algorithmus Googlensis, linguis "minoribus" applicatus, levissime mutatus est. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:56, 27 Martii 2022 (UTC) == Hello Anyone can help me please. edit Mirette El Hariri page correct translate Thanks. == https://la.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirette_El_Hariri#curriculo ==ALPES aut VALEAMUS== Grex novus Metae de linguis antiquis, [[meta:ALPES_Ancient_Language_Promotion,_Education_and_Support|ALPES]], sive ''Ancient Language Promotion, Education and Support'', nomen alterum eget; debet ''Wicimedianos'' aut ''Wicimediae'' uti. Ergo VALEAMUS proponitur, (anglice ''Wikimedians for Ancient Language Education Assistance Mutual Undertakings and Support''); placet aut non placet vobis? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:58, 30 Martii 2022 (UTC) : Mihi placet. --[[Usor:Maria.martelli|Maria.martelli]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Maria.martelli|disputatio]]) 18:55, 30 Martii 2022 (UTC) :Sententia alia? Si non placet vobis, aut non bonum est, dicete quaeso! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:05, 3 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ==Neglected articles among the 1000 most important== According to the latest survey (6 April 2022), these are the ten most neglected articles among [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_sample_of_articles/Neglected#la_Latina the 1000 most important articles], with their sizes in number of bytes: {{div col|2}} #<s>[[d:Q7889|video game]] ([[la:Ludus televisificus|1222]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q794|Iran]] ([[la:Irania|5431]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q252|Indonesia]] ([[la:Indonesia|4171]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q869|Thailand]] ([[la:Thailandia|4749]])</s> #[[d:Q10693|periodic table]] ([[la:Systema periodicum|5452]]) #<s>[[d:Q881|Vietnam]] ([[la:Vietnamia|5342]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q1033|Nigeria]] ([[la:Nigeria|2494]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q5113|bird]] ([[la:Aves|4130]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q2831|Michael Jackson]] ([[la:Michael Jackson|4897]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q974|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ([[la:Res publica democratica Congensis|6461]])</s> {{div col end}} That's to say that the discrepancy between the sizes of Vicipaedia's essays on these subjects and the sizes that the other wikis expect them to be is the greatest among the 1000 most important subjects. (A couple of other criteria may also be in play.) In short: these are the topics that Wikilandia hopes we'll enlarge the most. We'll get 0.03 points for pushing them above the 10,000-character level and 0.05 more points for then pushing them above the 30,000-character level. ¶ Additionally, Vicipaedia lost 0.07 points in March, probably because someone reduced two articles below the 10,000-character level, but until [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/1000_Paginae_epitome the pertinent program] is rerun, we probably can't know which articles they are. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:28, 7 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :I've boosted "[[Lusus magnetoscopicus|Video game]]" above the 8K and 10K cutoffs and in so doing have found an attestation prior to the previously cited one. Attention to the other listed articles (as with many small articles on big subjects) may turn up other surprises. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:35, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::Commentarius de [[aves|avibus]] hodie augetur. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:52, 8 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Simple Latin == Salvete! I was checking the [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incubator:Main_Page Mediawiki Incubator] now and I noticed that there exists a [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wy/la Wikivoyage version in Latin]. I was thinking to myself, what if it existed a simple version of Latin, similar to [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page this]. That version was created, among other reasons, for people that wanted to learn English. The same rationale could be applied for Latin.<br> Now, I do understand that creating a new Wiki from scratch is no easy deal. But I was inspired by what I found from Wikivoyage. "Wouldn't Simple Latin be 'more important' from an utilitarian point of view than Latin Wikivoyage?" I'm still aware how hard would such a feat would be (especially knowing that beside English, no other simple language version currently exists) but I was curious to know your opinions on it anyway. :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 06:58, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) :Everything is feasible, I suppose. The question is, prior to starting a wiki, [[:en:Linguistics|linguists]] and latinists would have to define what ''simple latin'' is. [[:en:Basic English|Simpe english]] is defined and known. For latin, I think never such a work has been done. Never heard of it, at least. Yet, both the ideas of a ''simple latin'' and a corresponding wiki are very interesting. [[Usor:Pápiliunculus|Pápiliunculus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pápiliunculus|disputatio]]) 07:24, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::How would Simple Latin look like? Non-Ciceronian Latin, like the Latin used in Hungary until 1844, in the Catholic Church or in [[Latinitas neoscholastica|neoscholastic philosophical articles]] isn't really Ciceronian Latin, however, I wouldn't call this language 'simple' either. --[[Usor:Martinus000001|Martinus Vester]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Martinus000001|disputatio]]) 09:57, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::A foundational step would be to assemble the words of highest frequency. The Simple English wiki uses about 1500 words (and their grammatical variants) based on the 850 words of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_English Basic English]. Searching the internet will reveal several basic Latin lists, of which [http://johnpiazza.net/latin/colloquial-frequency/ this] is an example. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:28, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::::Following up the comment by {{Ping|Pápiliunculus}}, I'd suggest that for Wikimedia to create Simple Latin would be original research. I'd also suggest that, given the fairly small number of enthusiastic editors of Vicipaedia, to split our effort into two Vicipaedias instead of one would be unwise. ::::I and a couple of other Vicipaedians did the initial work on Vicivia, to see whether others wanted to join in. No one did. For exactly the reason I have just given, I now think that those who didn't join in were correct, and we do better to focus our effort on Vicipaedia. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:35, 5 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::::Glad we had this conversation. I found out two things by it: :::::# The creators of Vikivia are active here; :::::# Simple English has well-defined rules :::::There have been times where Simple English hasn't been defined as a language on its own but rather a method to learn a certain language or to even just provide technical facilities. For those interested in knowing more what I'm talking about there is [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump (technical)/Archive 196#Wikipedia enhanced|this link here]]. But now that I'm sure it is an individual language, the hopes of creating "Simple Latin" are almost 0. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:18, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::::::You can always consult [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_sine_flexione Interlingua] if you like! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 01:06, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Oh... So "simple Latin" does exist. Interesting... - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:10, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::But, it is more understandble, and that it is very important... I am certain that the munus of a language it is not be difficult, but must be understandble and flexible... for example, Latin accept, grammerly, to script "Rosa Rosae", "Rosae rosa" and " Rosa de rosis", but you accept the last one? [[Specialis:Conlationes/88.214.161.198|88.214.161.198]] 02:59, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::::*correction "Rosa de illis rosis" [[Specialis:Conlationes/88.214.161.198|88.214.161.198]] 03:02, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) : Es gibt bereits genügend Artikel in der Latein-Wikipedia, die in sehr simplem Latein verfaßt sind! - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 14:09, 13 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::Haha. Stimmt! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:47, 13 Maii 2022 (UTC) ==Formula:Math== In commentario de "[[momentum|momento]]" deficit <nowiki>{{Formula:Math}}</nowiki>. Do we have a kind programmer who'll make it work? Fortasse noster @Klein Muçi? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:16, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Redactio inanis? == Cur redactio mea nuntiorum nuper facta in pagina prima non apparet?[[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 21:02, 14 Maii 2022 (UTC) :Video ego: fortasse et tu? Interdum, quando paginam mutavisti, utile est in pabulatro (''browser'') tuo visionem renovare. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:22, 15 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Placentinus omnibus s.p.d. == Salvete omnes! Nondum me vobis ostendi. Ego Placentinus sum, sed saepius Logodaedalus vocor in rete mundano, propter hoc nomen meum mutare velim, si quaestio non est. In animo habeo omnes paginas de scaccis emendare et nova addere. Utinam bene vertat. Curate ut valeatis! --[[Usor:Placentinus|Placentinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Placentinus|disputatio]]) 17:27, 24 Maii 2022 (UTC) :Salve! Bene te convenire --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:45, 8 Iunii 2022 (UTC) == Latin expressions - articles == Salvete! Would it make sense to have articles about common Latin expressions like "divide et impera", "et cetera", etc.? I would think those could be a nice addition but I struggled to find such articles already written so I thought a discussion about them could be a good thing to have. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:56, 11 Iunii 2022 (UTC) :Nice to see you again, {{Ping|Klein Muçi}}. There are some articles of that kind already: you would find them via [[:Categoria:Locutiones Latinae]], also maybe [[:Categoria:Abbreviationes Latinae]]. More such articles is a very good idea. They have to be more than dictionary entries (which belong in Victionarium): information about who first used the expression and about later uses, for example, would fit the bill. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:57, 11 Iunii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], hello! ::Yes, that's what I meant. Thank you! :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:43, 11 Iunii 2022 (UTC) == Page Translatio == Salve! Volo te interrogare, ut cicero [[Rudolfus Schumann|paginae]] in latinum. Articulus continet pagina, et '[[:arz:رودولف شومان|Turcicum]]'' et [https://gosti.retroportal.ru/rudolf_shuman_kompozitor_intervyu.html Russian?][http://takt-magazine.ru/rudolf-shuman-ozersk-ya-rad-chto-rodilsya-imenno-zdes] . Forsitan poterit ad transferendum. Gratias tibi in antecessum! == How to translate or translitterate "influencing" to Latin? == "influentium"? [[Specialis:Conlationes/88.214.161.198|88.214.161.198]] 02:33, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :This is a fair example of the fact that many of the transferred senses that modern languages have developed from classical Latin roots didn't exist in classical Latin. A participle based on ''influ-'' in classical Latin conveys the idea of 'inflowing, flowing in (upon), streaming in, rushing in'—nothing at all about 'influencing' (as we understand it). The aptest one-word Latin participle for 'influencing', if you must have one, may be ''movens,'' but Latin has several other ways of conveying the idea of 'to influence', for example ''valere apud X'' 'to have strength upon X' and ''magnum posse apud X'' 'to have the ability of greatness upon X'. ¶ For a modern Latin word formed backward (in the nineteenth century, out of medieval models) from ''influ-,'' see the article on "[[influentia]]," the flu, supposedly indeed originating in influence—from the moon or the stars! ¶ Your ''influentium'' is a genuine classical Latin word, a present participle in the genitive plural case, meaning 'of things flowing in'. It's not a neuter singular noun. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:18, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Recte dicis, Iacobe. ::v. "moveo" (sicut suggeris), "inspiro"? n. "motus", "inspiratio"? n. agentis "inspirator, inspiratrix"? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:33, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::: secto ? imitor ? adduco ? it depends on the context --[[Usor:Maria.martelli|Maria.martelli]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Maria.martelli|disputatio]]) 18:01, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::::si agitur de nomine, non de verbo temporali: ''potentia'', ''momentum''. - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 05:25, 9 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :::::Ita vero, et non solum illa verba, sed etiam ''auctoritas'' et ''gratia'' et ''pondus'' atque adeo (quod attinet ad numina) ''afflatus divinus'' et ''instinctu divino.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:07, 9 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ==Down for maintenance== Working in the harenarium, I just spent an hour drafting a new article, but when I clicked to publish it, the wiki system said "Oops!" (literally!) and announced that it was down for maintenance and I should try again. Well, maybe, but not today. The text has disappeared. [Insert grumpy icon here.] [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:21, 19 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ==Cladi in capsis taxinomicis?== How to print clades in taxoboxes? In the article "[[Oxaeinae]]," for example, neither "clade," nor "cladus," nor "unranked_clade," nor "unranked_cladus," nor "unranked_superfamily," nor "unranked_superfamilia" works. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:31, 23 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :Insere "unranked_familia" (id, hoc casu, nuper feci ego). Huic regulae simplici (!) obtempera: si cladum ante "X" inserere vis, tempta "unranked_X". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:47, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Well, but it's printing ''above'' the superfamilia. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:31, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :::Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:54, 25 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ==Newfangled format for initial disputatio pages== (As I've remarked elsewhere:) Vicipaedia is now using a newfangled format for initial disputatio pages; its text is in English, and what it prints is unsightly (or at least ungainly). What's the magistrates' rationale for implementing this change? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:06, 23 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :I'm not aware of any change. I see the same as before when starting a disputatio page. :De tali mutatione nihil scio. Quando paginam disputationis incipio, eandem "fenestram" video quam antea vidi. [Re vera -- confiteor -- mutationem iam diu vidi et (meo casu) curavi ... quo facto, oblitus sum.] [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:37, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Nihilominus methodum medendi (an utilem?) in pagina disputationis Iacobi nostri proposui. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:23, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :::It's definitely new in the past few weeks. Somebody has done something. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:33, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::::Qui novam methodum paginarum disputationis creandarum reicere velit (sicut ego iam diu feci) potest # ad "modos" vel praeferentias suas ire (vide caput omnis paginae Vicpaedicae) # "edit screen" vel "recensere" seligere # ad pedem illius paginae, iuxta "Open the wikitext editor", in punctum imprimere # modos vel praeferentias suas, ita recensas, servare. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:52, 25 Iulii 2022 (UTC) == De arte mediaevali == In Vicipaedia Latina quattuor paginae artem mediaevalem describunt, quarum binae idem tractant: [[opus francigenum]] = [[ars Gothica]], [[opus romanum]] = [[ars Romanica]]. Praeterea est pagina [[ars Romana]] de arte Romanorum antiquorum. Sine ulla dubitatione res repurganda est, sed quomodo id fiat deliberari necesse est, scilicet utrum verbum "modernum" (Gothica, Romanica) an antiquius (opus francigenum, opus Romanum) praeferendum sit. Quamquam animo pendens ad "Gothica" et "Romanica" inclino, haec verba hominibus huius aetatis facilius intellectu iisdemque discrimen inter artem antiquam et posteriorem clariorem esse arbitratus. [[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 15:19, 1 Augusti 2022 (UTC) :Commentariius de "[[Opus francigenum|opere francigeno]]" non est idem cum commentario de "[[ars Gothica|arte Gothica]]": hic [[:en:Gothic art|Gothic art]]," ille "[[:en:Gothic architecture|Gothic architecture]]" est. Ambo inter illas 10&thinsp;000 paginas magni momenti numerantur. "[[Opus romanum]]" = "[[:en:Romanesque architecture|Romanesque architecture]]," sed "[[ars Romanica]]" = "[[:en:Romanesque art|Romanesque art]]" (etiam inter illas paginas legitur). Omnes (quattuor) commentarii conservandi sunt. "[[:en:Roman art|Roman art]]" et "[[:en:Ancient Roman architecture|Ancient Roman architecture]]" sunt aliae res. De ''sex'' notionibus diversis hic disputamus. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:29, 1 Augusti 2022 (UTC) ::Gratias tibi ago pro explicatione. "Roman art" apud nos est [[Ars Romana]], "Ancient Roman architecture" [[Architectura Romana]].--[[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 16:46, 1 Augusti 2022 (UTC) :::Ratio selectionis titulorum (si bene memini) haec fuit: "opus Francigenum" et "opus Romanum" sunt vera termina technica Latina in fontibus mediaevalibus vel recentioribus, praesertim de architectura, usitata. Certe nomina Latina in aliis fontibus reperta praeferere licet: si autem nomina Latina fontibus corroborata reicere volumus, nomina a nobis ficta substituentes, debemus pellucide explicare. Nomen "Gothicum" tardius introductum est, et, sicut scimus, historiae huius periodi aegre consonat -- aedificatores non Gothi fuerunt! Sed eandem rem de termino "opus romanum" dicere possum ... :::An aliqui scriptores Latini verbum "Gothicum" sensu artistico iam adhibiti sunt, nescio. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:39, 2 Augusti 2022 (UTC) cjss7pbcz3n1s999sxu8zf75nu1p5rr 3695759 3695758 2022-08-02T13:49:27Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* De arte mediaevali */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == MMXXII == [[Fasciculus:Fireworks on New Year's Eve in a small Swabian village (1), brightened.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.5|Spectaculum pyrotechnicum Suebicum]] Annum faustum, felicem, fortunatumque vobis omnibus precor! Legamus, scribamus, gaudeamus! [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 15:44, 1 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Fausta omnia tibi ceterisque Vicipaedianis. Proposito tuo subscribo.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:53, 1 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) == Vicipaedia:Pellicula mensis == Salvete omnes! Habemus [[Vicipaedia:Pellicula mensis]] (gratias {{ping|UV}} et elegi pelliculas per 2022. Estne bene hoc uti in pagina prima? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:23, 3 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Cur non? Anno novo quoddam novum faciamus. — Paginae primae columna prima nunc brevissima est, ibi pellicula inseri potest. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:29, 3 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::Bene, quis ergo possit paginam primam emendare? {{ping|UV}} fortasse? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:52, 5 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::: Nemine contradicente pelliculas mensium in paginam primam inserui. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:04, 6 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Gratias tibi {{ping|UV}}! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:55, 9 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) == Rogationem de annorum == Habemus rogationem de hoc [[:commons:TimedText:Uruk,_erste_Metropole_der_Weltgeschichte_(CC_BY_4.0).webm.la.srt]]: ''Ibi quattuor milia [annos / annorum?] ante Christum natum prima urbs post hominum memoriam condita est.'' Utitur ''annos'' aut ''annorum''? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:57, 9 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Post milia annorum melius. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:05, 10 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==The ling formula== Should languages named by the ling formula be adverbs or nouns? We notice that in "[[Lingua Scotica (Gadelica)]]," editor 2804:1054:3014:fde0:f045:7592:d7f5:8331 has changed <nowiki>{{ling|Scotice|Anglice}} to {{ling|Scotica|Anglica}}</nowiki> overnight. We notice also that the formula is given as <nowiki>{{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}</nowiki> in "[[Runcus Genuensium]]." What's the most appropriate way of coding this kind of information? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:09, 11 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Paginas de linguis Scotiae nunc semi-protexi. Editor anonymus, linguae Latinae expers, nomina linguarum in paginis de Scotia inutiliter mutat. :Scribimus e.g. de nexu externo monolingui <nowiki>{{Ling|Anglice}}</nowiki>; de nexu bilingui <nowiki>{{Ling|Anglice|Francogallice}}</nowiki>, etc. :UVbot interdum e.g. <nowiki>{{Ling|Anglice}}</nowiki> in <nowiki>{{Ling|Lingua Anglica{{!}}Anglice}}</nowiki> mutat: haec mutatio in facie paginae non videtur. Nobis neque expansionem ab UVbot factam imitare, neque revertere, necesse est. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:06, 11 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) == De pagina prima == When you visit our [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima]] from today on (and you are logged in), you may notice that Vicipaedia now will greet you using your username ;-) (You might beforehand need to reload the page, shift-reload the page and/or clear your browser cache to see the effect.) This greeting is a (hopefully pleasant) side-effect of me today adapting the top of our [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima]] to make sure everything will still work in the future: Possibly, the MediaWiki software developers will, within a few weeks or months, add a [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header#Anonymous users|“Sticky Header”]] near the top of the page may put some useful controls onto the same line as the article title. For this to work smoothly in the future, I have today removed our custom main page heading and re-enabled the standard one. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:35, 11 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Great, but the gadget doesn't know the vocative case. Of course, vocative is not needed for all nicknames, but for those that are needed, is it possible to specify a form somewhere? To change the ending -us to -e and -ius to -i. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 03:15, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :: Good idea, I have tried to include a manual workaround for the vocative case (see the source code of [[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin/vocative]]) – does it work now? If anyone else prefers a greeting in the vocative case on our pagina prima as well, do tell me and I will add your username to [[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin/vocative]]. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 20:18, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::Wow! Now it really makes an impression. — It seems to me, also [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] (one of those who often edits — and always corrects errors). And [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] — what about the space, it's unclear, maybe he will say. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:35, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::: Yes, thank you, I have added the two. If anyone prefers it some other way, please tell me! --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 22:42, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==De UVbot== Hodie in capsa editoria rei "[[Percy Liza]]," 190.237.93.100, editor ignotus, nobis dicit UVbot "is misbehaving or if there is just the slightest suspicion that the bot might be malfunctioning, please block it." Re vera? UVbot indecore se gerit? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:20, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) : UVbot «non annexa» formulam posuit et recte omnia fecit, nam non annexa est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 14:11, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :: Well, it could indeed happen that (a) I make a mistake while operating UVbot (nobody is perfect) or (b) there is a technical problem that causes UVbot to malfunction. If such a situation occurs, I invite everyone to raise the issue here in the Taberna or on my user talk page; and if the bot is still running and doing more harm, I invite every admin to block UVbot at sight. In the case at hand, I believe that UVbot did neither misbehave nor malfunction. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 20:06, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Indeed. Noster 190.237.93.100, editor ignotus, appears to be under the impression that the "Pagina non annexa" formula shouldn't be applied to pages lacking an incoming link, or at least to "[[Percy Liza]]." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:17, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::The last of those :) To put it in context, 190.237.93.100 has been spreading this footballer across many Wikipedias. The Latin page was just about acceptable as a start so we didn't delete it. 190.237.93.100 prefers the page not to have any templates on it, and has learned that bots can conveniently be accused of malfunctioning. It's up to us how we deal with such messages, taking due account of their origin. :::::As for the page, the text is far too short to be useful. If anyone wants to improve it and add an incoming link somewhere, great: if not, I suspect it will eventually be deleted. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:20, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==Formulae desideratae== Fortasse noster [[Usor:Klein Muçi]] or some other kind programmer would like to make the formulas printing nakedly in red under "De nominibus hodiernis" [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontus_Euxinus here] work. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :@[[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]], LaWiki was completely lacking technical foreign language support. I found myself in a rabbit hole where each module required 10 other modules to be imported so it worked. After 87 imports of modules and templates (my hands literally hurt :P ), the situation should be better. Unfortunately that is not the complete list of templates (the complete list requires +200 other templates to cover almost all the languages and scripts of the world) and some of the already imported templates may require further fine-tuning to be translated in Latin (that's actually easy to do) but I did what was needed to solve the current, immediate, problem I believe. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 14:14, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::Macte! Multas gratias tibi ago! Such labor! Who knew? Bravo! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::But the name of the language must be Latin, "Graece" and not "Greek" etc.; "romanized" — "litteris Latinis"? "Listen" — "audias" etc. Or is it easier to rewrite a paragraph without formulas. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 14:31, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::Yes, that's what I do. I don't know what benefit the templates offer. But all praise to Klein Muçi for doing the work. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:08, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], please, take a look at [[Module:Lang/data]]. You'll see a long list in red. The right part (the one in quotation marks, after the equals mark) is the part that needs to be translated for 90% of those cases you're referring to. Can you do that for me? I'll take care for the remaining ones in the end or fix any errors that might arise. ::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], to put it very simply, some computers are dumb when you offer them different languages or different scripts and they don't know how to render them and they may end up rendering question marks or other similar symbols instead. The work I did gives them metadata (data/information about the data they're reading) so they know what they're reading and therefore how to render them. That + some templates so they (computers) know how to render the [[w:en:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA symbols]]. The problem is that, as I said, there are many languages and scripts in the world and each have their own templates so, of course, there are a lot lacking currently. I only imported the basic ones needed for the system to work and the ones that were needed in that specific article. ::::How much IPA is needed here... That does require a discussion on its own. My vague idea is that given that IPA is universal per se, can be utilized everywhere but I'm not an expert on linguistics, let alone phonology. If you say that it is not needed, we can remove some templates related to IPA while keeping the other ones that help computers render text better. Even though I'd propose to wait a bit before acting, maybe that proves useful. ::::Thanks to everyone for the good words! :)) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 15:41, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Thanks for the explanation, Klein Muçi. I agree with you about IPA: it is international and acceptable, it is sometimes useful, but (since our focus is written Latin) IPA pronunciations of foreign names may not be truly useful in every case. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:55, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::As for editing the list of languages — I don't know, I'm not sure that these templates will be used; maybe one day. :::::And about the display of rare alphabets — now almost everything is displayed almost everywhere (thank you, Unicode), and when squares or question marks are visible, then the problem is in the user's device, and not in the template; I recently had a case with the Avestan alphabet — on one machine you can see even without a template, and on the other, and through the {{lang-ae}} template, it's still squares. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 16:19, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], the template you mentioned didn't exist in here. Just imported it. (You'll see that now it generates an error because it has no text defined, just the template itself.) Can you tell me more about the case you were talking about in there? Not an expert on this subject as I said (I've only dealt with this phenomenon briefly in the past) but maybe I'm able to help. And well done on the string translations! :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 23:20, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::I inserted those adverbia that I could; we don’t have articles about the rest and I don’t want to invent on the go. - <small>About Avestan - I was talking about Russian Wikipedia, and the case is the same in in English. Android and Linux shows Avestan even without a template, Windows even with template don't shows. These templates made sense around 2005, now it seems to me that they can (or should) also be eliminated in large wikipedias, they stand by inertia. </small> [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:13, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::I had the same impression as Demetrius when I looked at the use of these templates on en:wiki a while back and the long discussions about them over there. They surely seemed a good idea when invented but their real value may be small, and the more templates you see in the edit screen, the less you want to edit it. I quote from far above: "is it easier to rewrite a paragraph without formulas?" Yes, it could be. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:10, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::Maybe user @[[User:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] can explain us more on the whole subject as the creator of [[Module:Lang]]. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 22:33, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::For the record: while I was the writer of [[Module:Lang]], the wikitext templates existed long before I consolidated everything into Module:lang. :::::::::: ::::::::::I get the impression that editors here don't think that the language templates are important and that while they might have been useful 15 years ago, they are no longer useful. Were that the case, HTML5 (MediaWiki publishes articles in HTML5 markup) would have dropped the <code>lang=</code> attribute. The authors of the html5 standard have not done so; see [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes the standard]. Were the {{tlx|lang}} template not useful, editors at en.wiki would have long ago abandoned them. They have not done so; Module:lang is in use on more than 1.2 million en.wiki pages. Proper html language markup is important and the {{tlx|lang}} templates are intended to make it as easy as possible for wikipedia editors to write text in languages different from the local wikipedia's language. :::::::::: ::::::::::Here is, I think, a simple example – la.wiki doesn't have {{tlx|lang-ar}} so I've fudged this example with a direct call into Module:lang. I grabbed this Arabic text from [[Lingua Arabica]]. ::::::::::*[[Lingua Arabica]]: اللغة العربية الفصحى ← plain text mockup rendered by your browser using the default font ::::::::::*{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit|code=ar|text=اللغة العربية الفصحى|label=[[Lingua Arabica]]}} ← the same text with your browser choosing a font more appropriate to Arab-script text; the properly formatted html looks like this: ::::::::::*:<syntaxhighlight lang="html+handlebars" inline="1">[[Lingua Arabica]]: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">اللغة العربية الفصحى</span></syntaxhighlight> ::::::::::Much easier to use the template. If you are reading this page using a screen reader, the screen reader is more likely to correctly pronounce the Arabic words when they are wrapped in the proper html markup. ::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 00:32, 25 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::Yes, it slightly enlarges the Arabic font (but it can be enlarged in other ways). - It never occurred to me to look for a program that reads Latin aloud from the screen; maybe it exists. — Engage in templates if you like; I did what was asked of me for this. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:18, 25 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::My overall opinion on that is that it doesn't do any harm to provide that kind of support even if considered a small thing. The only concern is that it may overburden editors but new editors mostly work with VE (Visual Editor) and in there templates aren't really a concern. For the editors who would like to take the extra step and provide that technical support in the articles they're editing, the possibility will be there. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 23:57, 25 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::"Any harm" exists, while {{lang-ka|...}}, not [[Georgiane]], {{lang-ab|...}}, not [[Abasgice]]: ..., etc. Please, if they're already here, don't be harmful. Or delete. Suddenly someone will uses them? (I then immediately redid Pontus Euxinus without them, you can not think about it) [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:01, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) I don't use visual editor. If it does reduce the clutter effect of templates in the edit screen, that's surely a Very Good Thing. One of the points often discussed on en:wiki is, what categories of "foreign" text are appropriate for templating? This needs to be clear, and it strongly affects the value of a voiceover. Simple examples: *Foreign names for the page title, as part of a list of foreign names (which may be in the first paragraph or in an "etymology" or "toponymy" subsection). This is the case in the example we began with, [[Pontus Euxinus]]. I guess these need to be correctly voiced in the foreign language -- though the hearer will have difficulty understanding them, as spoken one by one, unless they are in a language the hearer already knows and spoken in an accent with which the hearer is familiar. *Foreign name adopted as our page title because there is no Latin name. I guess this needs to be pronounced with Latin phonemes, as a reasonable Latinist, not knowing the foreign language, would make an attempt at pronouncing it. Because if, every time it occurs in the text, the speaker switches to pure foreign pronunciation, that bit of the sentence will be lost to understanding. The distinction might relate more-or-less to whether we would use italics or not in written text. Those who have listened in a vehicle to a voiced GPS that is programmed to speak language A but give placenames and road numbers in language B will agree that the question needs thought! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:06, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Pronunciation is going to be a problem with certain spellings produced by speakers of Latin after late antiquity. For example, we have ''[[Pechinum]]''—to Cicero, something perhaps close to /peχinum/—because [[Matthaeus Ricci|Ricci]] and his Italian friends would have pronounced ''Pecinum'' more like /pet͡ʃinum/. For ''Pechinum,'' many modern Italians would actually say /pekinuma/ or in careful speech even /pekinum:a/ (as did Morgan), because final /m/ is awkward in their native phonology, but that's a different story. And then of course we have /χilia/ for the country spelled as ''[[Chilia]],'' but perhaps better (that is, classically) spelled as ''Tsilia'' or even ''Silia.'' At least we have ''[[Sicagum]]'' (not ''Chicagum''!) for 'Chicago', though attestations of pertinent adjectives include ''Chicaginiensis''—which in turn, more thoroughly applying the spelling conventions of "church Latin," should have been ''Chicaghiniensis'' (with another aitch) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:30, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::You're right. Long ago we found consensus for a style of written Latin. How can we select a pronunciation style? Should we? Is it proper for us to choose one? I don't know. ::Recte dicis. Stylum scripturae consensu iam diu selegimus; modum pronuntiatus quomodo eligere possumus? An nobis oportet? An re vera licet? Haud scio! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:55, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) One more note about the templates: plain <nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki> is slightly different from <nowiki>{{lang-ar}}, {{lang-fr}},</nowiki> etc. I've been using the former, which I think works fine as is for all ISO codes (correct me if I'm wrong). {{lang-ar}} removes the extra step of having to add "Arabice", but I don't think that's worth the extra effort of creating all the separate templates. For example: :<nowiki>{{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}}</nowiki> ⟶ {{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}} :<nowiki>{{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}}</nowiki> ⟶ {{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}} [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 22:36, 27 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :@[[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]], the ideal approach, if you ask me personally, would be that everyone who decides to use the lang templates cared to use the correct one and, if one didn't exist, the said user imported it. Eventually the majority would have been imported and there would come a user that would import the remaining part, consolidating the system and fine tune its details. This would be the best way to share work in a non-tiring, organic manner. But that's just my opinion. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:04, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::What to do with those that are already imported and do not work correctly (displaying titles in another language with, of course, broken links)? The user is not obliged to guess that the tool offered to him is (yet) harmful (<small>{{IPA-el|...}}}, {{IPA-all|...}}, {{Lang-ae|...}}, {{Lang-el|...}}, {{Lang-uk|...}}, {{Lang-tr|...}}, {{Lang-rus|...}}, {{Lang-ro|...}}, {{Lang-xmf|...}}, {{Lang-ka|...}}, {{Lang-crh|...}}, {{Lang-bg|...}}, {{Lang-hy|...}}, {{Lang-ady|...}}, {{Lang-zh|...}}, {{Lang-hbs|...}}, {{Lang-ab|...}}</small>). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:24, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], Rome wasn't built in a day. Progression takes time. What we currently have is more or less what I did in a frenzied hurry in less than 30 minutes some days ago. Assuming we're not going to delete everything really soon, I (and hopefully other editors) will continue to help fixing the problems, which I stopped after this discussion started happening about them. Given how template works, you need only to fix one and you'll immediately solve the problems in wherever that template is used, whatever those problems may be. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:35, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::To put it shortly, if we greenlight the use, I'll try to help fixing the problems. I just stopped for the discussion to conclude first because I didn't want to dedicate more time to something that might be deleted soon. :::::(Thanks for reporting the problematic cases!) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:38, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::We need to fix these 17 without waiting for the thousand years that Rome was built (or we need to prevent the possibility of their accidental use before the construction of Rome). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:46, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Yes, of course. I'll get to it in a few hours. I would have finished since that day to be honest but, as I said twice now, I stopped to wait and see the discussion's conclusion before so I'd be a bit more sure I wasn't working for nothing. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:53, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], it's just not clear to me that those templates add anything that <nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki> doesn't already provide. Do they do anything besides adding a link to the name of the language? [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 16:48, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::@[[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]], I believe not. @[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] can tell us more in that regard. :::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], apparently [[Module:Lang/data]] had to be updated with a different list which then had to be translated. I have done so, imported your translations and added some more. Can you please take a look and see if I've made any mistake or if you can add some more languages? I believe that will solve all the problems with templates in English. If you find any other problems, please do report here so we can try solving them. :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:49, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], also, can you translate the different kinds of Greek language here: [[Formula:IPA-el]]? The more, the merrier. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:01, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::{{tlx|lang}} at la.wiki is an old wikitext template and is not the same as <code><nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki></code> at en.wiki. The <code><nowiki>{{lang-??}}</nowiki></code> templates are the same as the en.wiki templates. The essential difference between the [[Module:Lang]]-supported <code><nowiki>{{lang-??}}</nowiki></code> templates and <code><nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki></code> is that <code><nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki></code> only marks-up the text (italics when appropriate and html); <code><nowiki>{{lang-??}}</nowiki></code> provides a language name prefix linked to the local article about that language and also has support for romanization and translation. ::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 12:53, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], {{tl|lang}} is the same as its homologue now. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:04, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::*Yes, I did as much as I could (that is, how many articles about languages we have - I must say, there are almost all of this list). - It is necessary that the word "language" not be added - now it does not work because of this ({{lang-uk|...}}). <small>(Note: we usually have a redirection from an adverb like [[Anglice]] to [[Lingua Anglica]], but in some cases this redirection has been forgotten; I should have made a list of these while I was looking at the titles, but I didn't figure it out in time. In general, the missing redirects - there are not so many of them - will have to be created one day)</small> — About IPA-el - I don’t understand how it is used, why there are links to dialects. But I translated them so that they lead to articles that are. — P.S. These categories, which early template now automatically adds to the end of the article, e.g. [[:Categoria:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text]], must either be translated (but this is not me) and sent to hidden, or make that they are not added (it is possible without category to check which articles contain the template). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:37, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::As I expect you already know, Demetri, the categories demanding to be created are listed at [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae_desideratae Categoriae desideratae]. If the categories are unnecessary, it might be better to revise the templates so that they don't demand categories, as you suggest in your last sentence. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:36, 2 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Oh God, there are almost a hundred of them and they spoil two or three thousand articles ... At the beginning of the discussion, one was spoiled - Pontus Euxinus, and now almost three thousand. @[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], all this should be turned off or deleted, it's a very big harm. (And for new ones, make that "langugage" is not added, or also delete it.) [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:36, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::I repeat that it was kind of Klein Muçi to respond immediately to Iacobus's request. But it was very unwise to embark on a big series of changes like this so hastily. Vicipaedia is a small wiki. Let's admit it, Latin is a minority interest. To attract and retain a readership we need our pages to read well and look good, and there are not many of us doing the work. Templates that don't function at all, or don't give a correct result in a Latin context, damage our pages and are bad for us. In my opinion, modules and templates that will need continuing work should not be introduced here at all unless discussion shows that the effort will be repaid by strong advantages. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:23, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Notice my test-edit of [[Formula:Polytonic]], which takes it out of this system: it thus reduces the number of pages currently demanding a badly-named category by about 2,000. The edit is easily reverted when anyone wishes to do so :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:07, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], hello! First I would ask you to relax. In Wikipedia nothing ever loses and every change can be undone with literally a click of a button if considered harmful, sometimes by many people. I do understand that seeing something not right and not knowing how to fix it can be alarming but I do repeat that even the wrongdoings of the biggest vandal in the world are 1 click away from being removed. ::::::::Now, in regard to the categories: They are all added because of them being present in one of the templates/modules. When working with the localization (that is, translation of the terms used in them) categories were left to be translated in the end. We have been working for quite some days now and you've helped me personally in that quest. We can't just do everything in the same day not only because the whole volunteering setting doesn't work like that in general but even if the work was paid and it was our only job, it still wouldn't make a difference because it takes time to develop a good product. ::::::::I'll go and deal with the categories now. I'll also look after the "language" part. We'll solve each problem as it comes and if we can't, we'll just revert back to its latest most stable state. ::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], personally I'm really grateful for the existence of this place as it allows me to easily read ever-evolving texts in Latin apart from the classical literature. Even if it may not show much because of me always typing in English and not being involved much in editing articles per se, I do spend quite some time reading them using the "random article" feature. What I imported lately mostly worked in the background, by doing overall rather minor changes, as it can be evidenced by some users having it hard to see the provided change itself. If deemed harmful, everything can be reverted. But, as you may know from some changes that we've done together in the past, it takes some time to fully localize a module and in this case, we're still in that process. Demetrius maybe got a bit rightfully alarmed because he thought that that was the final product or that maybe I'd disappear and leave the work in half but none of those options are true in this case. It's just that beside everyday real life issues, beside LaWiki, I also deal with SqWiki, SqQuote, EnWiki, some minor Mediawiki code changes and occasionally try to fight vandalism in other small wikis and I try to dedicate each project a fair share amount of time (EnWiki and Mediawiki less time given that those are bigger projects in which my absence would be felt less). - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:29, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::One of 2 categories was translated. (The other will soon join.) Please check one of the articles that was already showing this category in English and see if the provided translation works correctly. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:37, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::@[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], you do indeed do a lot of work for Vicipaedia -- I am very glad that you are also reading some Latin while you're here :) It's true, everyone is a volunteer and we should not be impatient about work that must necessarily take some time to complete. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:15, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::Wow! All those redlink categories seem to have disappeared ... If I didn't know someone was working away at this behind the scenes, I would say it was magic! OK, they have been replaced by others, which are still in mixed language, but perhaps easy to correct. For "Articles containing X" (where X is a language-name adverb) the Latin category name could be "Continetur textus X scriptus" (literally "text written in X is included"). For "Ancient Greek (to 1453)" all we need in Latin is "Graece". If languages change their names at a specific date -- which we may doubt -- there is no better date than 1453 for the change from ''Graece'' ("in Greek") to ''Neograece'' ("in modern Greek"). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:23, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], yes. Can you please show me one or two articles where these categories appear? It would make fine-tuning the translation easier. :::::::::::Also can you help me by translating the last template which is still in English from the templates that were imported lately? [[Template:IPA-all]] It has only 3 words which should be translated, the parts after the equal signs. "Local pronunciation", "locally" and "pronounced". I can provide more context if so needed. :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:34, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::My pleasure! I happened to look at the page [[Bitolia]]. As you will see, it contains several examples. Incidentally, when the example "Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)" is fully changed to "Continetur textus Graece scriptus", then it would be sensible to revert my edit to [[Formula:Polytonic]]: I think its 2000 pages will then show a nice Latin category name. As you may know, ancient Greek and Latin had a sort of symbiotic relationship over a very long period. This helps to explain why so many of our pages contain words or phrases in ancient Greek. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:45, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], okay, everything is fine, the development process is underway. But, for example, on an article, while the development process is underway, you can hang <nowiki>{{in progressu}}</nowiki>, or hide the unfinished stuff through <nowiki><!--- ... ---></nowiki>, and it will not be displayed; in general, an article can be written and tested in a draft in a personal space. I just don't know how to similarly secure templates, that are under development and require testing (so that they don't generate foreign language categories or require articles like [[Ucrainice language]]). - And I fully support the translation "textus (''adverbium'') scriptus continetur". [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:35, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::With templates under revision, there is often no way to avoid temporary display errors. We just have to say to ourselves "Vicipaedia perficienda est" (''Wikipedia is a work in progress''). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:03, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], these are the current changes that I've done: ::::::::::::::* Category:Articles containing <language>-language text → Category:Continetur textus <language> ::::::::::::::* Category:Articles with text in <language> languages → Category:Articuli continentes textum <language> ::::::::::::::Correct me if I'm wrong. ::::::::::::::There is also one last category left of which I'd like your help: ::::::::::::::* Articles containing explicitly cited Latin-language text ::::::::::::::This is formed by adding the string we've used above (Continetur textus) + a translated string for "explicitly cited", which you'll need to give me. ::::::::::::::And thank you for the already provided translations in the IPA template! :) ::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], we can actually create "surrogate templates" that have all the code of the template that we want to create but a different name used just for testing purposes and use it on a draft article (a surrogate article) but it does require more than double the effort and personally I use that method only for templates that make substantial changes to the articles. In our case I considered the changes to be of a minor type and we had to import over 80 templates and modules to begin with, a number which would made the described method almost impossible to utilize. As I've said above, I wouldn't want to upset anyone around here, let alone bring harm to the current articles. If you remember my first ever discussion here, I asked to help around in technical matters just because I was happy for what I found here. I'll try to be even faster in future cases in localizing processes so you won't see much of the development. That will make the transition be way more subtle. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:53, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::Τhey need to be moved in any case to "Categoriae celatae", in the second line [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:56, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], yes. After the categories get created, they should be hidden as most (if not all) maintenance categories in most projects are. I'm just waiting to get a comment from user Andrew about the correct form of them so he won't need to delete them again to fix my mistakes. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 02:14, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::Will a category "Articles containing explicitly cited Latin-language text" ever be useful to anybody? This is Vicipaedia! we talk about the Latin name of something on every page that extends for more then a sentence or two. Show me where such a category is used on another Wikipedia and I might grasp it better. :::::::::::::::::OK, on the other questions above, how do the two category groups differ from one another? Show me a case where the first text "Continetur textus ..." will not be appropriate for members of the second group. :::::::::::::::::About the name for the first category group: it seems to me very itchy Latin to terminate the whole name with a language adverb. Try to wrap the language adverb inside "Continetur textus [Anglice] scriptus". If anyone thinks I'm fussing unnecessarily about this, please say so! There may eventually be a lot of cases, so it's worth getting it right. :::::::::::::::::Nomen "Categoria:Continetur textus [Anglice]" mihi barbare sonat. Nomen "Categoria:Continetur textus [Anglice] scriptus" vehementer urgeo! An alii consentiunt? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:17, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::Ita! Sic! Certe! Vero! ''Continetur textus [Anglice] scriptus'' nobis melius sonat. Sed fortasse ''Continetur textus [Anglicus]'' optime sonabit? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:48, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::Ita, optime! Sed, si hac locutione utimur, necesse erit novam enumerationem nominum linguarum exscribere ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:31, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::I must agree Iacobus's version is better still ... but it will need a new list of language names based on the masculine form of the adjective. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:31, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::Maybe @[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] can be far more useful than me for providing context for the categories in this case, sparing me some detective work on EnWiki. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:59, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::At en.wiki, [[Module:Lang]] links to three category types (ignoring error categories): :::::::::::::::::::::*for individual and macrolanguages (most ISO 639-1, -2-, -3 language tags are associated with individual languages; some ISO 639-3 languages are macrolanguages): :::::::::::::::::::::*:<code><nowiki>[[Category:Articles containing</nowiki> <''language-name''>-language text]]</code> :::::::::::::::::::::*for ISO 639-1, 2 collective languages (these names in the standard all have the form: <code><''language-name''> languages</code> – an rfc decided on this form): :::::::::::::::::::::*:<code><nowiki>[[Category:Articles with text in</nowiki> <''language-name''> languages]]</code> :::::::::::::::::::::*for English (this category exists because, in general, it is inappropriate to markup English text at en.wiki which is already marked up as English text; there are good reasons to markup English text so that is why this is not an error category): :::::::::::::::::::::*:<code><nowiki>[[Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text]]</nowiki></code> :::::::::::::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 14:39, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::OK, I understand. Thanks very much, Trappist. Can do. But let's decide how we're dealing with the main group (note also Demetrius's comment below) and then a form of words can be devised for these (very rare) cases also. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:41, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], so, should Latin also mark up Latin text? ::::::::::::::::::::::Also, for my personal and maybe other's curiosity here, what exactly is meant with "macrolanguages" and "collective languages"? Because that's what seems to be the main difference between the 2 aforementioned categories. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 15:34, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::As at en.wiki, generally no, so the category catches improper use of {{tlx|lang|la|...}}. But, there are occasions when such use is appropriate, for example, Latin text within text from another language.—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 15:55, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::::::Yes, I never thought of that! I can imagine it! As above, when we know which style we're using for the whole group of categories, we can add a name for this one too. No problem. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:32, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::See [[:en:ISO 639-2#Collective language codes]] and [[:en:ISO 639 macrolanguage]].—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 15:55, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::Another list of languages (with a masculine form, not with an adverb) is not a problem, I'll make it from the existing one - I just don't know where to insert it. (the existing one still cannot be removed, it is for the text of articles, not for categories). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:36, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], so do we have a translation for the last category now? (Or even better translations for the first 2 I translated?) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:39, 8 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :It has become a little complicated. Questions to answer in sequence: * Is it possible to build in a second list of language names, this time in the form of masculine adjectives ("Latinus", "Anglicus" etc. = X2) :: If Yes, best of all: Demetrius [says above that he] will make list X2, and the category name (as suggested by Iacobus) will be "Continetur textus X2". Go ahead with that. * If No, OK then, is it possible to wrap the category name around the language name? :: If Yes to this, second best: the category names can have the form "Continetur textus X1 scriptus" (as I already suggested above, and using the existing list of language names X1). Go ahead with that. * If No, OK then, third best, the category names had better be in the form "X1 citatur", meaning, with super-Tacitean compression, "There is a citation in X1". Not so readily understood, but it will be a hidden category after all ... :: Right, then, the the names of categories for macrolanguages and language groups can be based directly on the names of the pages -- or future pages -- about these groups. I think a list, X3, will still be wanted, to ensure that they are in a standard plural form e.g. "linguae Italicae". The category names will be "X3 citantur" meaning e.g. "Italic languages are cited". :: Finally, if a text in Latin is marked up, the category name can be "Lingua Latina intra textum citatur", meaning "There is a citation in Latin inside a/the text". The ambiguity "a/the" is useful here. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:41, 8 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]]: ::# This ''second list of language names'' is assumed to replace the first one, no? ::# I believe we can make the category's syntax however we want as long as it is not very dynamic (there aren't different words appearing and disappearing in different cases) ::# We can deal in the end with this special case. But here you mention a third list. Again, if we're meaning to replace the existing ones, that's easy enough. If we want different lists for different cases, I believe that would require substantial technical reworks that go beyond my technical capabilities. ::Maybe you can have a clearer idea if you take a look at the code we're talking about yourself: [[Module:Lang#L-591|Click here]] and you'll see the documentation for the 3 categories. Then below that, you'll see the 2 categories that I've already translated and a part of the third which should be translated (the third one is created by using parts of the existing ones above + that). Then you go and compare everything with the original code [[w:en:Module:Lang#L-591|in EnWiki]] and you'll understand what I've changed and why. There are literally only 3 lines I've changed so it should be easy enough. That will make the bigger picture clearer maybe. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:04, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Thank you for your patience! I understand about the difficulty of incorporating two lists of language names. Extra construction work of that kind for just one Wikipedia is not really desirable. So we move to the second best option. No problem. I am busy with life till late today but as soon as I can I will have a look at the code and either correct it, or tell you how to correct it. OK? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:26, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], of course. Thanks for your fast response! :)) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:00, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::You make it seem easy, Klein Muçi! Yes, I have edited those lines of the module. I hope they work. There is no need in Latin to distinguish the macrolanguage and group categorues from the others: it will just be necessary, in the list of languages, to write the names of language groups in the ablative, because an adverb does not work, e.g. "linguis Italicis". This is likely to be a rare case, anyway. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:43, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Yes, great, it's gotten a lot better. - But there is still [[:Categoria:Continetur_textus_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)_scriptus|Continetur_textus_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)_scriptus]] left (231 pages)? ...textus Graece (ante 1453)... I would do it myself, I don't know where. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 05:51, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::As I said far above, there's no need for the 1453. The reason for its presence is that it is contradictory ''in English'' to claim that all Greek until 1453 is "Ancient" but they want to say it anyway. However, it's not contradictory for us to say that all Greek is "Graece" until we begin to say "Neograece". Those terms are easily defined: no need for a semi-fictional date in parentheses. :::::::But no, I can't find it either! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:24, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::I'll try to find it now. Meanwhile, speaking of Greek, @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], can you translate the first lines and the last ones in this template {{tl|IPA-el}}? There are words like "locally" "pronunciation", "pronounced", "modern" etc. that are left in English. Saw it now while I was searching for the template causing that. The translation will be similar to what you did with the general IPA template some days ago. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:57, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], <u><nowiki>{{lang|el|word}}</nowiki></u> works as intended, while <u><nowiki>{{lang|grc|word}}</nowiki></u> gives category ''Continetur textus <u>Ancient Greek (to 1453)</u> scriptus''. I can't see any code for that beside [[Module:Lang/data#L-373]] but it's not in the localizations table. Is that a kind of English fallback? Anyway we can remap it? - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:08, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::Ancient Greek (to 1453) comes from [[Module:Lang/data]] from [[Module:Language/data/iana languages]] from [[:en:IANA|IANA]] [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file] from [https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/grc ISO639-3]. It is not something made up by the editors at en.wiki. :::::::::: ::::::::::[[Module:Lang]] does not strip parenthetical disambiguators from category names so that different languages with the same name (for example: Ainu <code>aib</code> China; Ainu <code>ain</code> Japan) will be categorized separately. :::::::::: ::::::::::[[Module:Lang/data]] exists to override the names provided by IANA. Create an entry there for whatever flavor of <code>grc</code> you want. ::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 13:04, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], thank you! I was afraid of using THAT list of overrides because of the code name being the only one in 3 letters. It worked fine. :::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], check [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data&diff=3670130&oldid=3670084 this diff]. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:13, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::Well done, @[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]]! We may well need to override some other parenthetical insertions in category names, but thanks to @[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] we now know how to do it. ::::::::::::Since this category name now looks good, I can revert my edit to [[Formula:Polytonic]] and I may as well go ahead and [[:Categoria:Continetur textus Graece scriptus|create the category]]. It has more than 2000 members. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:33, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::Optime; now with the categories that the old templates suddenly began to generate, by common efforts (almost) everything is OK. The word "language" remains in the new templates ({{Lang-ae|...}}, {{Lang-el|...}}, {{Lang-uk|...}}, {{Lang-tr|...}}, {{Lang-rus|...}}, {{Lang-ro|...}}, {{Lang-xmf|...}}, {{Lang-ka|...}}, {{Lang-crh|...}}, {{Lang-bg|...}}, {{Lang-hy|...}}, {{Lang-ady|...}}, {{Lang-zh|...}}, {{Lang-hbs|...}}, {{Lang-ab|...}}) - where does it turn off? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 05:20, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], I'm sorry but I'll have to ask you again on this. I can't find anything on Lang/data for that specifically. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:34, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::At en.wiki [[Module:Lang]] links to language articles through <code>&lt;''language-name''> language</code> redirects. This avoids ambiguity and allows the Module to output a consistent link format that does not require fixing with every update of the IANA [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file]. Redirects are free and MediaWiki handles them efficiently. Use redirects. ::::::::::::::The language names in [[Module:Lang/data]] should be names only: <code>Slavica ecclesiastica</code>, not <code>lingua Slavica ecclesiastica</code>, etc. Use redirects. ::::::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 12:56, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::[Just for context, in case it's useful:] "Slavica ecclesiastica", like "Latina", is not a language name. Those words are just adjectives. "Latina", without other context, means "a woman from Lazio"; "Slavica ecclesiastica", without context, means "a Slav woman who is a church member". :::::::::::::::If we have a language adverb available, like "Latine", that makes it easy. "Latine" means "in a Latin way", and the most usual context for such an expression is linguistic, so any reader will understand "Latine" as "with Latin speech" or "in the Latin tongue". That fits the context of these categories nicely. If we don't have an adverb we can use, the correct way to substitute for it is with a phrase in the ablative, "lingua Twi" (singular) or "linguis Akan" (plural): "in the Twi tongue", "in the Akan tongues". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:00, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::I haven't understood the problem that Demetrius mentions: can someone link to a page on which one of these redlinks to [[XXX language]] appears? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:08, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::These new templates (<nowiki>{{Lang-xx|...}}</nowiki>), which link to an article about a language, take the name of the language from the list (we have edited it and, in any case, it is clear how to edit it) and add the English word "language" to it, and therefore the link does not work; for example {{Lang-tr|...}} (click on it) requires [[Turcice language]] instead of [[Turcice]], and all the others above. — And if they cannot be configured, these 15 must be deleted or, at least, somehow removed to a safe place, to some test space, so that the person, who copied the text with them from another wiki, does not fall into this trap. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 16:34, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::I get it now. Thank you for explaining, Demetri. Now I understand better the point raised by Lesgles above. So, if none of these new "lang-" templates is currently in use (I have just verified that), and <nowiki>{{Lang|...}}</nowiki> can be used in their place, and no one (not even Klein Muçi) can quite see how to configure them, it seems to me also that it would be wise to delete the "lang-" templates quickly and move on. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:29, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], maybe I haven't understood you correctly but I'm finding the courage to press on this one more time: The problem is the "language" part, (the language "suffix"). Can we twist Module:Lang in such a way that instead of "language" it uses "lingua"? (Or maybe remove it altogether, if so needed?) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:04, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::There is an adverb in the templates that matches our redirects, no need to add "lingua" to it (it will be absurd again, the same as with "language"). It is necessary that nothing be added to it (neither "lingua" nor "language"), it will work. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 05:07, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::I agree: ''no added word'' is what we need. Incidentally, there are other languages in which the naming of languages is handled in a similar way to Latin. Greek would be an example. So a solution to this issue would help the transfer of these templates to other wikis. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:50, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) There seems to be another challenge with the {{fnp|Lang|…}} template: <code><nowiki>{{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}}</nowiki></code> gives : {{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}}, and <code><nowiki>{{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}}</nowiki></code> gives : {{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}}, but when I hover my mouse over the foreign-language text, a tooltip "Graece-language text"/"Sinice-language text" is displayed, which is a horrible and ungrammatical mixture between a Latin language adverb and English words. We should discuss how this should read (I would propose "textus Graece scriptus"/"textus Sinice scriptus", but maybe there are better suggestions), and it would be good if someone would find out where to change this tooltip text – I would consider it a bad idea to keep it as it reads now. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 23:53, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :It is possible to write simply "Graece scriptum", "Sinice scriptum" (but simply "Graece", "Sinice" is too lapidary). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:27, 14 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Well observed, UV! I agree that we have to change this. Either your phrase or Demetrius' phrase would suit us, in my opinion. For brevity, perhaps "Graece scriptum" is better. But can we make the change? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:24, 14 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Some other wikis that use the "lang" template series don't show any tooltips. We could accept that as a solution, I think :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:19, 14 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::I'll check the tooltip part soon. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 10:59, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:UV|UV]], @[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], you can modify that part to your wish [[Module:Lang#L-577|here]]. There are 4 lines for different cases. Modify the parts in red. Be careful to respect the spaces and hyphen parts. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:04, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Thanks, it's off. - I did the minimum: now the tool tip is just "Graece". I tried to write "scriptum", but the grace of the gods was no longer enough for this. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:09, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Maybe I have achieved "... scriptum". If I caused any error, Demetri, please revert my edit. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:21, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Alexander Carbonarius == <small><i>(quaestio nova fortuite in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium_31|tabularium]] inserta est, huc moveo, — [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 13:15, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC))</i></small><br> Da ich leider nicht weiß, wo ich sonst fragen kann, versuche ich es hier mal wieder. Von Gregor von Nyssa habe ich einen Text in Alt-Griechisch gefunden. Mit Hilfe des Internets konnte ich keine Übersetzung finden. Vielleicht hier? Der Text ist von hier: http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/04z/z_0330-0395__Gregorius_Nyssenus__De_vita_Gregorii_Thaumaturgi__MGR.pdf.html Es geht mir ausschließlich um drei Zeilen: Zeilen: [00360] Καὶ τίς οὗτος, φησὶν, ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, οὗ τὴν µνήµην πεποίησθε; [00361] Εἶτά τινος τῶν συµπαρόντων ἐν γέλωτι παραγαγόντος εἰς µέσον τὸν µνηµονευθέντα, ῥακίοις πιναροῖς ἠµφιεσµένον, οὐδὲ ὅλῳ τῷ σώµατι, καὶ ἅµα δεικνύντα τῷ φαινοµένῳ τὴν ἐργασίαν χερσί τε καὶ προσώπῳ, καὶ τῷ λοιπῷ σώµατι κατεῤῥυπωµένον τῇ ἐργασίᾳ τῶν ἀνθράκων, τοῖς µὲν λοιποῖς γέλωτος ἦν ὑπόθεσις, ἐν µέ σοις τοιοῦτος ἑστὼς ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, τῷ δὲ διορατικῷ ἐκείνῳ ὀφθαλµῷ πολλὴν παρεῖχεν ἔκπληξιν τὸ γινόµενόν τε καὶ ὁρώµενον· [00378] Πάντων δὲ πρὸς τὸν νέον ἱερέα ἀποβλεπόντων, προτραπείς τινα πρὸς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν λόγον ποιήσασθαι, ἔδειξεν εὐθὺς ἐν προοιµίοις τῆς ἀρχῆς ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος ἄψευστον ἐπ' αὐτῷ τοῦ µεγάλου Γρηγορίου τὴν κρίσιν Da wird was über Alexander, dem Köhler/Alexander Carbonarius (Heiliger und Bischof) erzählt? Ich weiß, hier geht es um Latein, aber ich habe die Hoffnung, dass hier auch viele Alt-Griechisch können. Kennt jemand evtl. einen Link zu einer deutschen Übersetzung, oder kann auf die Schnelle(!) grob(!) sagen, worum es in den drei Zeilen geht? Danke [[Usor:Qwertzu111111|Qwertzu111111]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Qwertzu111111|disputatio]]) 16:10, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) * (This page is already archived, you probably made a mistake, it is better to move the question [[Vicipaedia:Taberna|to the current tabernа]].) — Sorry, I am not fit to make a translation into German or English, but it tells how St. Gregory Thaumaturgus chose Alexander as bishop, a simple coal-burner, in tatters and completely black from coal (colorfully described), and all the people gathered in the church looked at him with bewilderment, but Alexander immediately turned to them with such a speech that everyone understood that Gregory was wonderfully perspicacious. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:11, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :: thanks for your quick and kind response. Yes, I made a mistake. sorry for that. It sounds like the content is that: https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01295c.htm? [[Usor:Qwertzu111111|Qwertzu111111]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Qwertzu111111|disputatio]]) 22:23, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==Categoria:Genera animalium== I thought we'd finished applying this category (and similar categories in the set) to all appropriate articles, but several spiders not so marked just turned up. Do other such articles exist? Would it be possible for someone to construct a program that would list any articles that have, say, the word ''Animalia'' in a taxobox but not the category "..... animalium" (where "....." can be ''species'' or ''genera'' or ''tribus'' and so forth)? ¶ And then of course with plants (having ''Plantae'' in a taxobox). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:31, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :You're right: much was done, but it was not a job that could be completed 100% manually. :We still have some survivals of a very ancient kind of taxobox, and not all the articles concerned have taxoboxes at all -- they don't have anything predictable in common, not even that -- but ''nearly'' all of them do, and your solution, if it can be applied, would pick up all of those. The aim would be to list all the articles (a) with ''Animalia'' or ''Plantae'' in a taxobox (b) currently lacking any category that is a subcategory of [[:Categoria:Taxa gradu digesta]]. Yes, it seems a good idea to me. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:51, 27 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==Default location & size of images== If memory serves, the default in Vicipaedia is that fasciculi print flush right at a size of 250px (or upright=1); therefore, the word ''right'' and an indication of size don't need to be written into the code. However, in "[[Monumentum Nationale Marinum Papahānaumokuākea]]," if the word ''right'' is omitted from the code, the first image, a map, prints flush ''left.'' Also, if an indication of size (either via px or via "upright') is omitted there, the image prints extra-large, all the way across the screen. Do we have bugs in the system? or do these irregularities come from something particular to that image? ~~ : The word <code>thumb</code> was missing. I added it and now everything works as usual ;-) --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 22:56, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Well I'll be darned. But that raises another point: evidently "thumb" isn't needed if "right" and an indication of size are present. In other words, only two of those criteria are required. (I'd always thought "thumb" was obligatory.) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 00:02, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::: We should generally use <code>thumb</code>. Omitting <code>thumb</code> and adding <code>right|250px</code> produces a different result: an image without the gray frame that usually holds the image caption (in fact, in this case the image caption is usually invisible): ::: {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" |- | '''Preferred:''' With <code>thumb</code> | [[File:Example.svg|thumb|This image caption is displayed on the screen.]] |- | '''Should generally not be used:''' Without <code>thumb</code>, using <code><nowiki>right|250px</nowiki></code>. Note that the image caption is usually not visible on the screen. | [[File:Example.svg|right|250px|This image caption is usually not visible on the screen.]] |} ::: --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 00:20, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Thanks! Good to know! I've always tried to use "thumb" myself anyway, since it's more efficient—because, by permitting "right" and an indication of size to be omitted, it reduces the potential number of octeti that constitute an article. (I do, however, reduce the size of most images that appear on the ''left,'' and of some ''subsidiary'' images on the right; furthermore, some kinds of images, especially those on the left, like flags & simple symbols, can profitably be minimized, down to "upright=0.5" or even smaller.) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:08, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Formula: Ludus == Salve! I stumbled upon the aforementioned template. It appears to be an old template which has been replaced with {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} in 2013. However 2 articles remain that still use it: [[Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Formula:Ludus]]. I'd suggest someone edited the said articles to use the new template and then delete the old one. {{tl|Ludus}} is rendered in gigantic proportions ruining overall article formatting. Pinging user @[[Usor:UV|UV]] given that he's been the last editor to deal with {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}}. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 03:38, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) : {{fn|Ludus}} and {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}} are identical in the sense that {{fn|Ludus}} redirects to {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}}. There are only three articles that use this template ([https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specialis%3ANexus+ad+paginam&target=Formula%3ACapsa+ludi+electronici&namespace=0]). Generally, I am not too fond of infoboxes (with the exception of those infoboxes that get their content exclusively from Wikidata, see the ''Capsa xyz Vicidata'' templates at [[:Categoria:Formulae Vicidata]]). I prefer an article text with complete Latin sentences to "pieces of information" in an infobox, see e.g. this old discussion here: [[Disputatio Formulae:Capsa hominis/draft]]. If I remember correctly, a consensus formed several years ago '''not to add any new infoboxes that would require local content''', only Vicidata infoboxes that get their content from Wikidata only. That said, I would not object if someone wants to remove the infobox from those three articles. Afterwards, {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}} (and its corresponding redirect, {{fn|Ludus}}) could be deleted. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:49, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:UV|UV]], I was searching for a Wikidata template but I wasn't able to find one for this case. {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} is better than {{tl|Ludus}} in formatting aspects so the hope was for someone to make those 2 articles ( ::''World of Warcraft'' and ''Baldur's Gate'') use the first ones instead of the later one as an immediate solution and then decide what a better absolute solution would be for articles about electronic games in general. Those 2 articles are currently very hard to read because of {{tl|Ludus}}. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:01, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::: I repeat that {{fn|Ludus}} redirects to {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}}. It does so since 2013. The way an article is displayed to the reader will therefore not change (or improve) if {{fn|Ludus}} is being changed to {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}}. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 17:04, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:UV|UV]], I know that but the example in {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} looks well-formatted, as opposed to the result that we see on articles. So I thought that was coming because they were utilizing {{tl|Ludus}} or were using characters in a bad manner. But most likely it's because {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} is outdated itself. So there's no help coming from Wikidata in this case, eh? - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 17:17, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::I guess Wikidata is mentioned because of our biographical (etc.) infoboxes that draw data from Wikidata -- am I right? Computer games bore me, I'm sorry to say, but if Klein Muçi or anyone else wanted to adapt an infobox for computer games, they can of course use these designs. They are native to Vicipaedia (drawing on work done here by several editors). Adapting them to more subject areas, e.g. computer games, can be a very easy thing to do -- if the required data is present at Wikidata. :::::Cur ad Vicidata alludimus? Fortasse propter nostras capsas informationis (biographicas etc.) quae data ex Vicidata extrahunt? De ludis computatralibus laborare nolo (date veniam!), sed si quis designationes Vicipaedicas ad ludos computatrales accommodare vult, aut ad alias disciplinas, certe potest. Facile erit, si data iam apud Vicidata exstant. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:54, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Noting UV's observation that very few Vicipaedia pages call for this template, a better use of time, Klein Muçi (or anyone else), might be to adapt an infobox for films on our existing model. We have many pages that require it. That, also, would probably be a quick task. If you try it, you'll soon see how it works and (who knows?) you might conclude that the model could be transferred to other small wikis. ::::::UV recte supra dicit: perpaucae paginae nostrae capsam de ludis electronicis requirunt. Ergo fortasse melius erit hoc tempore, si quis velit, formularium nostrum capsarum informationis ad usum paginarum de pelliculis cinematographicis accommodare. Facile erit (mea mente). Is qui temptet fortasse idem formularium censebit in alias Vicipaedias minores transferendum esse. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:26, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], I'm a fan of Wikidata but I've never got the chance to utilize its power up until now because the environments (wiki projects) I usually deal with don't give too much freedom in using or creating infoboxes that draw data from out of the project, fearing vandalism issues. Because of that I'd be excited to try and help in what you suggest (the film's infobox). If I have any good results to report, I'll be back here. :::::::In regard to all the {{tl|Ludus}}/{{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} thing, I was hoping for you to direct me to an already established Wikidata infobox (similar to the one used for bios, etc. as you mention) but apparently it doesn't exist. :::::::And I'd like to really thank you personally for providing the Latin text below your answers. It's an extra step you're taking that's beneficial to many people for many reasons. For me it does help a lot to get better at my Latin reading. I really wish I could reply back in the same language but I lack the courage and the skill to do that. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:11, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::Yes, there are problems with the data in Vicidata, including occasional vandalism. That is why I named Vicidata, and added the logo, at the head of the infobox. It's not our data. However, in the great majority of cases, it is a useful supplement to our pages. ::::::::Recte dicis: errores exstant et vandalismus accidit apud Vicidata. Hac ratione nomen et emblema Vicidatorum ad caput capsarum posui, ut qui diceret "Haec data non sunt nostra". Sed plurimis casibus hae capsae res utiles paginis nostris addunt. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:20, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], I tried dealing with this (studied some Wikidata templates in other wikis) but I couldn't, I'm sorry. Creating a Wikidata template from scratch was a bit too hard for me. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 03:02, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::I should have explained more fully: the general layout for all these infoboxes is given by [[Formula:Capsa Vicidata]]; the details specific to each topic area -- mainly, the fields at Wikidata from which we draw our data, the way we place it in the box, and the Latin text with which we label it -- are given in a formula for each topic area, for example, [[Formula:Capsa urbis Vicidata]]. Did you see that? But if you prefer I'll have a go at the films myself in a couple of days. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:27, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Novus articulus == Salvete, [[Usor:Llaaww/Sandbox|novum articulum]] scripsi, sed nescio ubi eum submittere, ut revisionatus sit a expertibus et publicari posset. Gratias ago. <br> [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Dispitatio usoris:Llaaww|Disputatio]]) 06:57, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :Vicipaedia, ut in centum miliis commentariorum iam editorum facillime videtur, numeris Romanis annisque A.U.C. non utitur. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:57, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) Multas gratias ago! Articulus creavi. --[[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 17:26, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ==Egregiously missing articles== For reference: these are the articles that Meta says are most egregiously missing from Vicipaedia (as of 16 February 2022), linked to their Q-numbers and titles in English. Adding them will improve [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles our score]. These and the other 2,592 egregiously missing articles (plus the 7,408 most important articles already present) are found [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Paginae_quas_omnibus_Wikipediis_contineri_oportet/Expansio here]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:59, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) {{div col|4}} #<s>[[d:Q81068910|COVID-19 pandemic]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q11254|table salt]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q15083|giraffe]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q13191|orange]]</s> 0 #<s>[[d:Q81|carrot]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q39546|tool]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q18756|UEFA Champions League]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q36442|political science]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q37383|peanut]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q25272|ampere]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q43514|theory of relativity]] 0</s> #[<s>[[d:Q41298|magazine]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q1968|Formula One]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q42804|beard]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q42962|oil]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q41975|Mongols]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q44167|engine]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q901|scientist]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q2005|JavaScript]] 0</s> #[[d:Q36810|quadrilateral]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q41159|rhombus]] 0</s> #[[d:Q122224|birth control]] 0 #[[d:Q131144|Tom and Jerry]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q42240|scientific research]] 0</s> #[[d:Q134859|pertussis]] 0 #[[d:Q40970|International Olympic Committee]] 0 #[[d:Q9448|Premier League]] 0 #[[d:Q47213|Warren Buffett]] 0 #[[d:Q4116214|accounting]] 0 #[[d:Q46303|trapezoid]] 0 #[[d:Q57216|plate]] 0 #[[d:Q155223|National Basketball Association]] 0 #[[d:Q41273|momentum]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q81197|nuclear physics]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q28692|Pimpinella anisum]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q3840065|atomic mass]] 0 #[[d:Q99895|pillow]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q160554|Mohammad Ali Jinnah]] 0</s> #[[d:Q39809|marketing]] 0 #[[d:Q768575|lens]] 0 #[[d:Q41591|Ohm's law]] 0 #[[d:Q29294|Willis Tower]] 0 #[[d:Q1445650|holiday]] 0 #[[d:Q126017|distance]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q6102450|list of chemical elements]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q25372|drama]] 0</s> #[[d:Q7313|Yuan Empire]] 0 #[[d:Q43183|insurance]] 0 #[[d:Q385378|construction]] 0 #[[d:Q8799|byte]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q13182|Litchi chinensis]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q165308|pumpkin]] 0 #[[d:Q180600|humidity]] 0 #[[d:Q43015|finance]] 0 #[[d:Q165447|pen]] 0 #[[d:Q27695|Shaka Zulu]] 0 #[[d:Q23757|limestone]] 0 #[[d:Q80732|Tenzing Norgay]] 0 #[[d:Q48282|student]] 0 #[[d:Q47083|ohm]] 0 #[[d:Q83085|Soviet–Afghan War]] 0 #[[d:Q78994|Napoleonic Wars]] 0 #[[d:Q11584|Iker Casillas]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q8475|Interpol]] 0</s> #[[d:Q93189|egg]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q43250|Gestapo]] 0</s> #[[d:Q93196|Bollywood]] 0 #[[d:Q7749|rock and roll]] 0 #[[d:Q47574|unit of measurement]] 0 #[[d:Q34508|video recording]] 0 #[[d:Q129286|British India]] 0 #[[d:Q60235|caffeine]] 0 #[[d:Q80026|erosion]] 0 #[[d:Q75698|Samuel Finley Breese Morse]] 0 #[[d:Q45701|waste]] 0 #[[d:Q174211|organic compound]] 0 #[[d:Q103774|Ravi Shankar]] 0 #[[d:Q132821|murder]] 0 #[[d:Q44980|Alex Ferguson]] 0 #[[d:Q6686|Renault]] 0 #[[d:Q45393|sea piracy]] 0 #[[d:Q19771|G20]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q66|Boeing]] 0</s> #[[d:Q3294789|magnetism]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q134465|Newton's law of universal gravitation]] 0</s> #[[d:Q127920|covalent bond]] 0 #[[d:Q52139|climatology]] 0 #[[d:Q44395|pascal]] 0 #[[d:Q178810|Syrian Civil War]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q7462|Song dynasty]] 0</s> #[[d:Q351|Yellowstone National Park]] 0 #[[d:Q260858|UEFA European Championship]] 0 #[[d:Q35216|Zhou dynasty]] 0 #[[d:Q2920921|management]] 0 #[[d:Q34216|Mossad]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q797848|Babur]] 0</s> #[[d:Q83672|Shah Jahan]] 0 #[[d:Q124164|alternating current]] 0 #[[d:Q82580|friction]] 0 #[[d:Q166747|parliamentary system]] 0 #[[d:Q83460|general]] 0 #[[d:Q46255|geophysics]] 0 #[[d:Q79529|chemical substance]] 0 #[[d:Q42844|major depressive disorder]] 0 #[[d:Q44455|game theory]] 0 #[[d:Q43380|CBS]] 0 #[[d:Q128938|Shang dynasty]] 0 #[[d:Q129104|anthrax]] 0 #[[d:Q40629|Myspace]] 0 #[[d:Q124115|Niels Henrik Abel]] 0 #[[d:Q161439|jewelry]] 0 #[[d:Q11359|Aryabhata]] 0 #[[d:Q108429|archery]] 0 #[[d:Q131089|geodesy]] 0 #[[d:Q101879|weed]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q66065|Sahel]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q42289|degree Fahrenheit]] 0 #[[d:Q10993|Tiger Woods]] 0 #[[d:Q131814|Tina Turner]] 0 #[[d:Q128135|totalitarianism]] 0 #[[d:Q38280|German Shepherd dog]] 0 #[[d:Q80284|viola]] 0 #[[d:Q165950|espionage]] 0 #[[d:Q52090|bourgeoisie]] 0 #[[d:Q133346|border]] 0 #[[d:Q82059|NASDAQ]] 0 #[[d:Q7100|biophysics]] 0 #[[d:Q12129|parsec]] 0 #[[d:Q329888|Allies of the Second World War]] 0 #[[d:Q131572|refugee]] 0 #[[d:Q13974|NBC]] 0 #[[d:Q134817|Abdul Hamid II]] 0 #[[d:Q133500|learning]] 0 #[[d:Q188969|B. B. King]] 0 #[[d:Q1455|field hockey]] 0 #[[d:Q3465|jinn]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q81799|fast food]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q81809|atmospheric pressure]] 0 #[[d:Q12674|Rudolf Diesel]] 0 #[[d:Q16560|palace]] 0 #[[d:Q129279|dysentery]] 0 #[[d:Q80994|adult]] 0 #[[d:Q3803|Lesser Sunda Islands]] 0 #[[d:Q52418|Attack on Pearl Harbor]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q172107|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] 0</s> #[[d:Q11015|snooker]] 0 #[[d:Q482931|Ferenc Puskás]] 0 #[[d:Q62943|Maurya Empire]] 0 #[[d:Q168247|famine]] 0 #[[d:Q13703|Latinoamérica]] 0 #[[d:Q161227|Yalta Conference]] 0 #[[d:Q167178|scabies]] 0 #[[d:Q83462|weightlifting]] 0 #[[d:Q80294|celluloseperronation]] 0 #[[d:Q131761|Humphry Davy]] 0 #[[d:Q169031|glove]] 0 #[[d:Q48422|cadaver]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q131401|caliphate]] 0</s> #[[d:Q52109|geomorphology]] 0 #[[d:Q6241|patriotism]] 0 #[[d:Q7892|drinking water]] 0 #[[d:Q148109|Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] 0 #[[d:Q79602|cyclone]] 0 #[[d:Q614304|pharmacy]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q60052|Gustav Kirchhoff]] 0</s> #[[d:Q130964|small calorie]] 0 #[[d:Q83216|candela]] 0 #[[d:Q127683|incest]] 0 #[[d:Q42798|Borobudur]] 0 #[[d:Q7407|Andre Agassi]] 0 #[[d:Q132325|Ayurveda]] 0 #[[d:Q163943|Druze]] 0 #[[d:Q137056|corrosion]] 0 #[[d:Q134293|dharma]] 0 #[[d:Q51290|harmonica]] 0 #[[d:Q101929|immunology]] 0 #[[d:Q18123741|infectious disease]] 0 #[[d:Q133235|combustion]] 0 #[[d:Q4925193|lie]] 0 #[[d:Q45981|rhythm and blues]] 0 #[[d:Q783794|company]] 0 #[[d:Q159241|direct current]] 0 #[[d:Q162900|Charles Thomson Rees Wilson]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q133641|Age of Discovery]] 0</s> #[[d:Q128160|Cuban Missile Crisis]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q179876|Kingdom of England]] 0</s> #[[d:Q10934|Crab Nebula]] 0 #[[d:Q133696|color blindness]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q82457|William Wallace]] 0</s> #[[d:Q4932206|jurisprudence]] 0 #[[d:Q163415|William Shockley]] 0 #[[d:Q102626|binoculars]] 0 #[[d:Q123737|Emmy Award]] 0 #[[d:Q80019|double bass]] 0 #[[d:Q116|monarch]] 0 #[[d:Q102798|ore]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q73169|Scandinavian Peninsula]]</s> 0 #<s>[[d:Q3253281|pond]] 0</s> #[[d:Q161414|history of Russia]] 0 #[[d:Q11662|Steffi Graf]] 0 {{div col end}} :Some of these articles are actually present in Vicipaeda but are prevented from being registered correctly at Meta by curiosities in interwiki linking. For example, Vicipaedia's "[[Drama (fictio)]]" is the correct match for the English article "Drama," but it's linked to the English page "Dramatic arts," which vicissim redirects to the English article "Drama." Changing Vicipaedia's link so as to bypass the redirect may or may not help. (I'll try that now, but we may not know until mid-March whether this change solves the problem.) Maybe a kind programmer can discover which other articles are wrongly linked and find a way to fix the process. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:10, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::I switched "drama (fictio)" on Vicidata, it seems like it really fits. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:42, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Macte! I'll cross it off the list. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:55, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) Illam enumerationem lingua [Graeco]latina explico: has paginas, a [[:meta:|meta]]symmachis nostris nominatas (quia usque adhuc apud nos necessitantur), nobis oportet creare et augere si lauras nancisci cupimus [[:meta:|meta]]cosmicas. Eaedem paginae insuper (quis dubitabit?) utiles erunt lectoribus nostris. Nexus, quos Iacobus supra dedit, ad [[:d:|Vicidata]] dirigunt, ubi -- quando imam in istam paginam te summersus eris -- indicem paginarum apud alias Vicipaedias iam factarum cito reperire potebis. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:25, 18 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :"[[Malum Sinense]]" (''orange''), moleste apuud Vicidata annexum, inter paginas cognatas restitui et ex hac enumeratione expunxi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:00, 18 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Sequentes stipulas conscripsi: [[Gestapo]] 18 Februarii 2022), [[Caliphatus]] (18 Februarii 2022) et [[Mongoli]] (19 Februarii 2022) et modo [[Guillelmus Wallaceus]]--[[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 11:05, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) Now just a minute! Vicipaedia has "[[Stagnum]]," and it links to English "Pond" (#198 above), but Meta doesn't know about that. Maybe someone will investigate. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:06, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :[[Stagnum]] nunc correxi. [Dixit Lesgles.] ::Similarly, Vicipaedia has the article "[[Giraffa]]," and it's linked to English "[[:en:Giraffe|Giraffe]]" (#3 above), but Meta doesn't know about it. More investigation warranted? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:31, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::"Myrias" includes "Northern giraffe", I switched on wikidata, I hope they don't cancel. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 17:40, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ===Theoretical question=== A theoretical question for programmers (in case they're interested): is it possible to figure out why Meta chooses ''these'' topics—out of more than 2500—and lists them ''in this order''? Are the choosing and the sorting random? or is Meta trying to tell us something about the ''relative'' importance of the items listed? Might we reasonably say that the first topic listed is the ''most'' egregiously missing, the second topic listed is the second most egregiously missing, and so forth? Is comparison with other wikis (or one wiki, presumably the English) involved? and if so, how are the comparisons quantified so as to produce a ranked list? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:03, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :Did you give a link to the page at meta where the above list is provided? If not, please do, because that would be where I'd start looking for your answer! Mind you, I don't self-identify as a programmer :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:10, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Yes, a link is there, but [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles ''here it is again!''] I'm not a programmer either, though I wasn't unfamiliar with BASIC and FORTRAN in antediluvian times. An unasked question is whether it's (somehow) better to do "Giraffe" (#3) next, or "Steffi Graf" (#200), and if so, why. Computationally (quantitatively), the order shouldn't make a difference, but when the wikis are compared, maybe it does? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:03, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::No, sorry, there something I don't grasp yet. That link is to a list of Wikipedias (which I know quite well). Where do they provide the list of 200 missing articles that you have just pasted above? That seems to be what you're talking about. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:26, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::OK, I've got it now. If anyone else wants to find it, the real link is [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles/Shortest#la_Latina here!] [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:31, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Oh. ''That'' list! Well, now you've got it! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:39, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Right, Iacobe. Your answer is this. For wikis that have all, or nearly all, of the 10,000 articles already, the list shows the 200 shortest of them as they stand on each wiki, in ascending order of size, with a digit showing the number of words in each. Where one or more articles are entirely absent from a wiki, the names of those articles (quite logically) come first in each list, with the digit "0" following, meaning "no words". For wikis that lack more than 200 of the 10,000 articles, the list shows a random 200 names of absent articles, all followed by "0"; there is no rationale behind the selection, and no rationale in the order. ::::We lack about 2,500 of the articles, so this list of 200 may be of no great value (no, I'm wrong there, because it has persuaded some of us to write new articles!) If anyone disagrees with my diagnosis, please say. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:50, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::It turns out that the order of items in the list is ''not'' random, and there ''is'' a rationale behind the selection and the order. This month's list (published today) shows Vicipaedia's still-missing articles in almost exactly the same order as last month's. (That wouldn't happen in a new random selection.) A note on Meta's talk page tells us why (emphasis added): "The absent articles are sorted with ''the most popular first.'' So you get the 200 most popular articles that are absent in each Wikipedia. Popularity is here counted by number of languages that have the article." Therefore, it seems that, to improve the project the most, we should concentrate on topics at the ''start'' of this list and proceed downward from there. That's not to say that our volunteers shouldn't continue to "do their own thing" with other topics. :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:57, 16 Martii 2022 (UTC) ::::::This means that right now, the most important of the missing topics are (in descending order of importance): ::::::#<s>[[d:Q25272|ampere]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q18756|UEFA Champions League]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q36442|political science]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q41298|magazine]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q43514|theory of relativity]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q1968|Formula One]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q42962|oil]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q44167|engine]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q901|scientist]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q2005|JavaScript]]</s> ::::::Of course, adding ''any'' of the 2550 missing topics will improve the score. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:05, 16 Martii 2022 (UTC) :::::::I'm glad you discovered that. It is heartening to learn that there is a logic to the arrangement :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:33, 16 Martii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::Now that we know how Meta ranks the items in the list, it occurs to me that addressing those items in the order of their descending importance—scilicet in the order of their descending publicity—may help attract more visitors to Vicipaedia from other wikis. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:49, 2 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) Latine brevissime verto: Iacobus de ratione enumerationis, quam ipse supra inseruit, quaeret. Ego originem enumerationis non sine peripetiis repperi; quo facto perspexi selectionem ordinemque titulorum e nulla ratione humana oriri statui. (Si erravi, s.v.p. dicite!) Nihilominus utile fuit quia persuademur ut paginas novas gravitudine haud minimas creemus. Enumerationem omnium paginarum desideratissimarum, ab humanis selectarum, [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Wikipediis contineri oportet/Expansio|hic]] habemus. Paginarum, quae a Vicipaedia Latina absunt, titulum Anglicum ibi videmus. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:03, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) [[Regnum Angliae]] conscripsi.--[[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 07:18, 30 Martii 2022 (UTC) "[[Magazina]]" and "[[Theoria relativitatis]]" have been converted from redirects; will Meta understand and give us credit in its rankings? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:12, 5 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :Presumably you need to ensure that the Wikidata entry is updated with the link to the la.wikipedia page for it to be detected in the next analysis? I checked for the 'oil' page for instance, as well as the two articles above, and this is missing. -[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:26, 11 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::Isn't that supposed to happen automatically? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 22:56, 11 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::I could be wrong but … how would a machine programmatically be able to match them up? Possibly by a link to the English or another language page, but that could be misleading. But if someone has other information, that'd be good to know. -18:16, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:16, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::::PS: it seems that @[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] is generally adding the latin pages to Wikidata entries, looking at the history on the WD enties. -[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:44, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::::Yes, "Magazina" and "Theoria relativitatis" I tied today, "Oleum" was already tied. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 18:59, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::::::It's nice of you to do that for Iacobus, Demetri. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:30, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::::::For the oils, are both links there? One should go to "[[Oleum]]" ("Olive oil"), and the other should go to "[[Oleum (generale)]]" ("Oil"). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:18, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::::::If anyone is interested about my experience with this subject, I might add that that list was once one of the most talked about lists in the whole Wikimedia community. I remember when we would have the exact same discussions as the one here in my homewiki (SqWiki). Completing the list became the central aim of most of our work, each user only choosing articles from that list if they wanted to write something new (according to their subjects of interest). This lasted for quite some years. Then later, somewhat strangely, it started falling into obscurity for us and, take my words with a grain of salt, in a global scale. I don't know exactly what happened that its popularity faded. Maybe it was because there was only so much a community could try about writing 10k articles before they gave up (that's more than 1/10 of our total number of articles written in around 20 years, 1/10 of which with the help of robots), maybe we (and the other projects) did indeed create most of its articles and that allowed them to give it a rest, maybe it was because a lot of lists started popping up with similar aims but more subject oriented some time after that list reached its peak fame, some of them with a literal infinite number of articles (so much that they created a bot for generating them: [[w:en:User:ListeriaBot|ListeriaBot]]), maybe it was because no one really wasn't sure of the answers of the same questions that were asked in this discussion but something happened and it had been literal years without me encountering those lists. :::::::Something that may also tangentially touch this matter is [[w:en:Abastract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]], a project which basically aims to use artificial intelligence aspects to auto-generate articles in every possible language if that article exists in one language (most likely English). :::::::So all in all in my personal, maybe wrong, belief, I'd say that you shouldn't feel constrained to finish the list and only work on it because a) it may be only "a random list" in "the bigger scheme of things" and b) ideally speaking, "soon enough" AW will most likely change a lot of ways about how we feel and think about article numbers and translations. That said, if dealing with it motivates you, go for it and be sure that your help will be appreciated by people reading those articles eventually. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 09:15, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::::::::The lists are hardly random, but nevertheless, they're terribly flawed. Of the 2000 people collected under "Homines," a more careful evaluation (by well-informed experts) would replace several ''hundred'' with individuals more important "in the greater scheme of things." But the fact that the lists have a bias toward ''popularity'' (rather than historical impartiality) may be precisely what makes them useful at this stage of the project's development—in potentially attracting readers! Far more people are going to want to read in modern languages about, say, Marshall Mathers than about (ahem) [[Azteca diabolica|diabolic Panamian ants]], or [[Ioannes de Cárdenas (medicus)|sixteenth-century Mexican professors]], or [[Caychax|French villages that have eleven residents]], and in so reading, they're going to have a greater chance of noticing & visiting Vicipaedia if Vicipaedia has [[Eminem|an article about the aforesaid Marshall Mathers]]. Not to say that we contributors shouldn't continue addressing topics that interest us, whether they be rare ants, long-dead professors, or out-of-the-way crossroads (and authoritative texts on such subjects, especially if they offer more than can be found in vernacular wikis, will indeed have no little utility!), but those with time available might want to consider the public service of building the encyclopedia in such a way as to make it the most attractive to the most people, ''right now.'' As for the future, we should have no doubt that our efforts here, within a few decades, will be utterly undone by programs guided by artificial intelligence. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:15, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ===Top-viewed articles=== As for Vicipaedia's [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/top-viewed-articles/normal|table|last-month|(access)~desktop*mobile-app*mobile-web|monthly top-viewed articles], it appears that any text with S-E-X in its title must be highly attractive! (That and being a Catalonian political activist.) Also, it appears that Vicipaedia gets [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/page-views-by-country/normal|map|last-month|(access)~desktop*mobile-app*mobile-web|monthly more pageviews from India] than from any other country. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:48, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :Hmm. Notice also the amount of interest coming from [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/page-views-by-country/normal|map|last-month|(access)~desktop*mobile-app*mobile-web|monthly that large European-Asian country] that figures prominently in the news these days. Could that be because of interest in the ongoing "[[praecipua negotia militaria]]"? If so, it might behoove the ablest contributors to improve the Latinity of pertinent articles, particularly [[Incursio Russica in Ucrainam (2022)|''this one'']]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:58, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) == Motio novi articuli == Salvete! Versio articuli de [[systema periodicum extensum ultra septimum periodum|systemate periodico extenso ultra septimum periodum]] scripsi. Id movi a vetero nomine (harenarium meum) ad novum nomen, sed cum inspicio aliae linguae, mihi dicitur articulum non existere in alias linguas. Sed verum non est! Anglice, articulum nominatur ''[[:en:Extended periodic table|Extended periodic table]]''. Quomodo hoc rectum facere possum?--[[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 16:39, 25 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :Novam paginam apud Vicidata addere necesse est: id quod nuper feci. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:10, 25 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Gratias ago. Vidi latinitatem corrigendam esse: quidne erratum est? Si possum, volo eam corrigere... [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 17:20, 27 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Si rationem nescis, historiam paginae inspice. Quis hanc notitiam imposuit? Ad paginam disputationis illius usoris quaerere potes. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:45, 27 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Clarus. Gratias ago. Sed nunc [[Hardvell|aliam paginam creavi]] et idem problema habeo. Possum id resolvere solum an auxilium magistrati petere debeo? Nescio quomodo id facere, si a mihi fieri potest, aliquis hoc mihi explicare potest? Multas gratias ago. [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 18:35, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Pagina nova iam creata et servata, i ad paginam de eadem re apud aliam Vicipaediam; e.g. [[:en:Robbert van de Corput]]. Ad sinistram marginem reperi lineam "Edit links". Imprime. Ad pedem paginae Vicidata rubricam "Vicipaedia" reperi. Imprime "edit". Ad pedem columnae, in spatium vacuum, scribe "lat". Selige "Latine". Fac "Tab". Incipe nomen paginae tuae scribere, "Hardv " ... Selige "Hardvell". Imprime "publish". Omnes, non magistratus tantum, id facere possunt -- sed NB necesse est novam paginam tuam antea creavisse et servavisse. Paginae futurae non accipiuntur. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:38, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Optime! Permultas gratias ago! [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 07:48, 1 Martii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Quando primum facis, difficile esse videtur; postea facile (id spero). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:42, 1 Martii 2022 (UTC) ==Dē additiōne linguae graecae== Χαίρετε! Magistrātus [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/grc Vicipaediae graecae] sum et volō rogāre sī translātiōnem graecē ubi "Participātiō tua" in pāginā prīmā dicat addere possīmus. Translātiōnem egō sānē faciam. Crēdō, quod linguae latīna et graeca longam et propinquam historiam habent, illam additiōnem bonam fore. (Ignōscite mihi sī latinē bene nōn scrīpsī) --[[Usor:PastelKos|PastelKos]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:PastelKos|disputatio]]) 12:14, 13 Martii 2022 (UTC) :[[Vicipaedia:Ops_nexusque_usoribus_novis/de|Talem paginam]] Attice versam proponis? Cur non, nihil obstat, ut mihi videtur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 14:34, 15 Martii 2022 (UTC) == the ''vandal'' == Those of you who sometimes watch recentchanges may over the last few weeks have noticed a vandal adding italic formatting to entire pages. Since the problem has now been recurring for some time, I have earlier today implemented a measure to prevent '''anonymous''' users whose IP address starts with 2001:4454:6 from adding italic formatting to pages. They can at this time still create a user account and/or log in (and then add formatting). The [{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchFilter=3}} logs] tell me that just two hours after I implemented this, the vandal arrived, tried five times in vain to add italic formatting to our page [[Gallia]] and left again ;-) Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 23:59, 21 Martii 2022 (UTC) :Thanks. — Vandals' motives are usually clear, but in this case they are not. What's the point of making the whole page in italics? I even thought it was some kind of lost bot. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:58, 22 Martii 2022 (UTC) ::@UV, it's back, under the name of Регистриране. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:41, 2 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ==Doubled number of visitors== Just checking the Vicipaedia stats, I see that vistor numbers have [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews/?platform=all-access&source=pageviews&agent=user&start=2015-07&end=2022-02&sites=la.wikipedia.org doubled in the last 4 months], from around 750,000-1 million views a month, to around 1.4 million; peaking at 1.8m in Feb. (see also [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/total-page-views/normal|bar|all|~total|monthly wikimedia stats tool]; gives a different but similar story of increased traffic.) This looks like something changed in the accessibility of the site from Wikipedia generally - does anyone know what this might relate to? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:17, 25 Martii 2022 (UTC) :I don't know the real answer, Jim, but I think I have noticed in recent days that searching for Latin on Google brings up fewer pages of imitations and mirrors of Latin Vicipaedia, more pages of the real Latin Vicipaedia. If this is true, possibly the algorithm of Google as applied to "minor" languages has changed a tiny bit. :Responsum haud bene scio, {{ping|JimKillock}}, sed observavi paginas imitationum speculorumque Vicipaediae Latinae minus, paginas verae Vicipaediae Latinae nostrae plus, quaerentibus apud Google in his diebus monstratas esse. Si id verum sit, fortassse algorithmus Googlensis, linguis "minoribus" applicatus, levissime mutatus est. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:56, 27 Martii 2022 (UTC) == Hello Anyone can help me please. edit Mirette El Hariri page correct translate Thanks. == https://la.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirette_El_Hariri#curriculo ==ALPES aut VALEAMUS== Grex novus Metae de linguis antiquis, [[meta:ALPES_Ancient_Language_Promotion,_Education_and_Support|ALPES]], sive ''Ancient Language Promotion, Education and Support'', nomen alterum eget; debet ''Wicimedianos'' aut ''Wicimediae'' uti. Ergo VALEAMUS proponitur, (anglice ''Wikimedians for Ancient Language Education Assistance Mutual Undertakings and Support''); placet aut non placet vobis? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:58, 30 Martii 2022 (UTC) : Mihi placet. --[[Usor:Maria.martelli|Maria.martelli]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Maria.martelli|disputatio]]) 18:55, 30 Martii 2022 (UTC) :Sententia alia? Si non placet vobis, aut non bonum est, dicete quaeso! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:05, 3 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ==Neglected articles among the 1000 most important== According to the latest survey (6 April 2022), these are the ten most neglected articles among [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_sample_of_articles/Neglected#la_Latina the 1000 most important articles], with their sizes in number of bytes: {{div col|2}} #<s>[[d:Q7889|video game]] ([[la:Ludus televisificus|1222]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q794|Iran]] ([[la:Irania|5431]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q252|Indonesia]] ([[la:Indonesia|4171]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q869|Thailand]] ([[la:Thailandia|4749]])</s> #[[d:Q10693|periodic table]] ([[la:Systema periodicum|5452]]) #<s>[[d:Q881|Vietnam]] ([[la:Vietnamia|5342]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q1033|Nigeria]] ([[la:Nigeria|2494]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q5113|bird]] ([[la:Aves|4130]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q2831|Michael Jackson]] ([[la:Michael Jackson|4897]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q974|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ([[la:Res publica democratica Congensis|6461]])</s> {{div col end}} That's to say that the discrepancy between the sizes of Vicipaedia's essays on these subjects and the sizes that the other wikis expect them to be is the greatest among the 1000 most important subjects. (A couple of other criteria may also be in play.) In short: these are the topics that Wikilandia hopes we'll enlarge the most. We'll get 0.03 points for pushing them above the 10,000-character level and 0.05 more points for then pushing them above the 30,000-character level. ¶ Additionally, Vicipaedia lost 0.07 points in March, probably because someone reduced two articles below the 10,000-character level, but until [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/1000_Paginae_epitome the pertinent program] is rerun, we probably can't know which articles they are. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:28, 7 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :I've boosted "[[Lusus magnetoscopicus|Video game]]" above the 8K and 10K cutoffs and in so doing have found an attestation prior to the previously cited one. Attention to the other listed articles (as with many small articles on big subjects) may turn up other surprises. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:35, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::Commentarius de [[aves|avibus]] hodie augetur. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:52, 8 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Simple Latin == Salvete! I was checking the [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incubator:Main_Page Mediawiki Incubator] now and I noticed that there exists a [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wy/la Wikivoyage version in Latin]. I was thinking to myself, what if it existed a simple version of Latin, similar to [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page this]. That version was created, among other reasons, for people that wanted to learn English. The same rationale could be applied for Latin.<br> Now, I do understand that creating a new Wiki from scratch is no easy deal. But I was inspired by what I found from Wikivoyage. "Wouldn't Simple Latin be 'more important' from an utilitarian point of view than Latin Wikivoyage?" I'm still aware how hard would such a feat would be (especially knowing that beside English, no other simple language version currently exists) but I was curious to know your opinions on it anyway. :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 06:58, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) :Everything is feasible, I suppose. The question is, prior to starting a wiki, [[:en:Linguistics|linguists]] and latinists would have to define what ''simple latin'' is. [[:en:Basic English|Simpe english]] is defined and known. For latin, I think never such a work has been done. Never heard of it, at least. Yet, both the ideas of a ''simple latin'' and a corresponding wiki are very interesting. [[Usor:Pápiliunculus|Pápiliunculus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pápiliunculus|disputatio]]) 07:24, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::How would Simple Latin look like? Non-Ciceronian Latin, like the Latin used in Hungary until 1844, in the Catholic Church or in [[Latinitas neoscholastica|neoscholastic philosophical articles]] isn't really Ciceronian Latin, however, I wouldn't call this language 'simple' either. --[[Usor:Martinus000001|Martinus Vester]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Martinus000001|disputatio]]) 09:57, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::A foundational step would be to assemble the words of highest frequency. The Simple English wiki uses about 1500 words (and their grammatical variants) based on the 850 words of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_English Basic English]. Searching the internet will reveal several basic Latin lists, of which [http://johnpiazza.net/latin/colloquial-frequency/ this] is an example. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:28, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::::Following up the comment by {{Ping|Pápiliunculus}}, I'd suggest that for Wikimedia to create Simple Latin would be original research. I'd also suggest that, given the fairly small number of enthusiastic editors of Vicipaedia, to split our effort into two Vicipaedias instead of one would be unwise. ::::I and a couple of other Vicipaedians did the initial work on Vicivia, to see whether others wanted to join in. No one did. For exactly the reason I have just given, I now think that those who didn't join in were correct, and we do better to focus our effort on Vicipaedia. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:35, 5 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::::Glad we had this conversation. I found out two things by it: :::::# The creators of Vikivia are active here; :::::# Simple English has well-defined rules :::::There have been times where Simple English hasn't been defined as a language on its own but rather a method to learn a certain language or to even just provide technical facilities. For those interested in knowing more what I'm talking about there is [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump (technical)/Archive 196#Wikipedia enhanced|this link here]]. But now that I'm sure it is an individual language, the hopes of creating "Simple Latin" are almost 0. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:18, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::::::You can always consult [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_sine_flexione Interlingua] if you like! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 01:06, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Oh... So "simple Latin" does exist. Interesting... - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:10, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::But, it is more understandble, and that it is very important... I am certain that the munus of a language it is not be difficult, but must be understandble and flexible... for example, Latin accept, grammerly, to script "Rosa Rosae", "Rosae rosa" and " Rosa de rosis", but you accept the last one? [[Specialis:Conlationes/88.214.161.198|88.214.161.198]] 02:59, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::::*correction "Rosa de illis rosis" [[Specialis:Conlationes/88.214.161.198|88.214.161.198]] 03:02, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) : Es gibt bereits genügend Artikel in der Latein-Wikipedia, die in sehr simplem Latein verfaßt sind! - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 14:09, 13 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::Haha. Stimmt! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:47, 13 Maii 2022 (UTC) ==Formula:Math== In commentario de "[[momentum|momento]]" deficit <nowiki>{{Formula:Math}}</nowiki>. Do we have a kind programmer who'll make it work? Fortasse noster @Klein Muçi? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:16, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Redactio inanis? == Cur redactio mea nuntiorum nuper facta in pagina prima non apparet?[[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 21:02, 14 Maii 2022 (UTC) :Video ego: fortasse et tu? Interdum, quando paginam mutavisti, utile est in pabulatro (''browser'') tuo visionem renovare. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:22, 15 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Placentinus omnibus s.p.d. == Salvete omnes! Nondum me vobis ostendi. Ego Placentinus sum, sed saepius Logodaedalus vocor in rete mundano, propter hoc nomen meum mutare velim, si quaestio non est. In animo habeo omnes paginas de scaccis emendare et nova addere. Utinam bene vertat. Curate ut valeatis! --[[Usor:Placentinus|Placentinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Placentinus|disputatio]]) 17:27, 24 Maii 2022 (UTC) :Salve! Bene te convenire --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:45, 8 Iunii 2022 (UTC) == Latin expressions - articles == Salvete! Would it make sense to have articles about common Latin expressions like "divide et impera", "et cetera", etc.? I would think those could be a nice addition but I struggled to find such articles already written so I thought a discussion about them could be a good thing to have. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:56, 11 Iunii 2022 (UTC) :Nice to see you again, {{Ping|Klein Muçi}}. There are some articles of that kind already: you would find them via [[:Categoria:Locutiones Latinae]], also maybe [[:Categoria:Abbreviationes Latinae]]. More such articles is a very good idea. They have to be more than dictionary entries (which belong in Victionarium): information about who first used the expression and about later uses, for example, would fit the bill. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:57, 11 Iunii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], hello! ::Yes, that's what I meant. Thank you! :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:43, 11 Iunii 2022 (UTC) == Page Translatio == Salve! Volo te interrogare, ut cicero [[Rudolfus Schumann|paginae]] in latinum. Articulus continet pagina, et '[[:arz:رودولف شومان|Turcicum]]'' et [https://gosti.retroportal.ru/rudolf_shuman_kompozitor_intervyu.html Russian?][http://takt-magazine.ru/rudolf-shuman-ozersk-ya-rad-chto-rodilsya-imenno-zdes] . Forsitan poterit ad transferendum. Gratias tibi in antecessum! == How to translate or translitterate "influencing" to Latin? == "influentium"? [[Specialis:Conlationes/88.214.161.198|88.214.161.198]] 02:33, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :This is a fair example of the fact that many of the transferred senses that modern languages have developed from classical Latin roots didn't exist in classical Latin. A participle based on ''influ-'' in classical Latin conveys the idea of 'inflowing, flowing in (upon), streaming in, rushing in'—nothing at all about 'influencing' (as we understand it). The aptest one-word Latin participle for 'influencing', if you must have one, may be ''movens,'' but Latin has several other ways of conveying the idea of 'to influence', for example ''valere apud X'' 'to have strength upon X' and ''magnum posse apud X'' 'to have the ability of greatness upon X'. ¶ For a modern Latin word formed backward (in the nineteenth century, out of medieval models) from ''influ-,'' see the article on "[[influentia]]," the flu, supposedly indeed originating in influence—from the moon or the stars! ¶ Your ''influentium'' is a genuine classical Latin word, a present participle in the genitive plural case, meaning 'of things flowing in'. It's not a neuter singular noun. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:18, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Recte dicis, Iacobe. ::v. "moveo" (sicut suggeris), "inspiro"? n. "motus", "inspiratio"? n. agentis "inspirator, inspiratrix"? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:33, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::: secto ? imitor ? adduco ? it depends on the context --[[Usor:Maria.martelli|Maria.martelli]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Maria.martelli|disputatio]]) 18:01, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::::si agitur de nomine, non de verbo temporali: ''potentia'', ''momentum''. - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 05:25, 9 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :::::Ita vero, et non solum illa verba, sed etiam ''auctoritas'' et ''gratia'' et ''pondus'' atque adeo (quod attinet ad numina) ''afflatus divinus'' et ''instinctu divino.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:07, 9 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ==Down for maintenance== Working in the harenarium, I just spent an hour drafting a new article, but when I clicked to publish it, the wiki system said "Oops!" (literally!) and announced that it was down for maintenance and I should try again. Well, maybe, but not today. The text has disappeared. [Insert grumpy icon here.] [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:21, 19 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ==Cladi in capsis taxinomicis?== How to print clades in taxoboxes? In the article "[[Oxaeinae]]," for example, neither "clade," nor "cladus," nor "unranked_clade," nor "unranked_cladus," nor "unranked_superfamily," nor "unranked_superfamilia" works. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:31, 23 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :Insere "unranked_familia" (id, hoc casu, nuper feci ego). Huic regulae simplici (!) obtempera: si cladum ante "X" inserere vis, tempta "unranked_X". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:47, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Well, but it's printing ''above'' the superfamilia. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:31, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :::Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:54, 25 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ==Newfangled format for initial disputatio pages== (As I've remarked elsewhere:) Vicipaedia is now using a newfangled format for initial disputatio pages; its text is in English, and what it prints is unsightly (or at least ungainly). What's the magistrates' rationale for implementing this change? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:06, 23 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :I'm not aware of any change. I see the same as before when starting a disputatio page. :De tali mutatione nihil scio. Quando paginam disputationis incipio, eandem "fenestram" video quam antea vidi. [Re vera -- confiteor -- mutationem iam diu vidi et (meo casu) curavi ... quo facto, oblitus sum.] [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:37, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Nihilominus methodum medendi (an utilem?) in pagina disputationis Iacobi nostri proposui. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:23, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :::It's definitely new in the past few weeks. Somebody has done something. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:33, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::::Qui novam methodum paginarum disputationis creandarum reicere velit (sicut ego iam diu feci) potest # ad "modos" vel praeferentias suas ire (vide caput omnis paginae Vicpaedicae) # "edit screen" vel "recensere" seligere # ad pedem illius paginae, iuxta "Open the wikitext editor", in punctum imprimere # modos vel praeferentias suas, ita recensas, servare. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:52, 25 Iulii 2022 (UTC) == De arte mediaevali == In Vicipaedia Latina quattuor paginae artem mediaevalem describunt, quarum binae idem tractant: [[opus francigenum]] = [[ars Gothica]], [[opus romanum]] = [[ars Romanica]]. Praeterea est pagina [[ars Romana]] de arte Romanorum antiquorum. Sine ulla dubitatione res repurganda est, sed quomodo id fiat deliberari necesse est, scilicet utrum verbum "modernum" (Gothica, Romanica) an antiquius (opus francigenum, opus Romanum) praeferendum sit. Quamquam animo pendens ad "Gothica" et "Romanica" inclino, haec verba hominibus huius aetatis facilius intellectu iisdemque discrimen inter artem antiquam et posteriorem clariorem esse arbitratus. [[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 15:19, 1 Augusti 2022 (UTC) :Commentariius de "[[Opus francigenum|opere francigeno]]" non est idem cum commentario de "[[ars Gothica|arte Gothica]]": hic [[:en:Gothic art|Gothic art]]," ille "[[:en:Gothic architecture|Gothic architecture]]" est. Ambo inter illas 10&thinsp;000 paginas magni momenti numerantur. "[[Opus romanum]]" = "[[:en:Romanesque architecture|Romanesque architecture]]," sed "[[ars Romanica]]" = "[[:en:Romanesque art|Romanesque art]]" (etiam inter illas paginas legitur). Omnes (quattuor) commentarii conservandi sunt. "[[:en:Roman art|Roman art]]" et "[[:en:Ancient Roman architecture|Ancient Roman architecture]]" sunt aliae res. De ''sex'' notionibus diversis hic disputamus. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:29, 1 Augusti 2022 (UTC) ::Gratias tibi ago pro explicatione. "Roman art" apud nos est [[Ars Romana]], "Ancient Roman architecture" [[Architectura Romana]].--[[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 16:46, 1 Augusti 2022 (UTC) :::Ratio selectionis titulorum (si bene memini) haec fuit: "opus Francigenum" et "opus Romanum" sunt vera termina technica Latina in fontibus mediaevalibus vel recentioribus, praesertim de architectura, usitata. Certe nomina Latina in aliis fontibus reperta praeferere licet: si autem nomina Latina fontibus corroborata reicere volumus, nomina a nobis ficta substituentes, debemus pellucide explicare. Nomen "Gothicum" tardius introductum est, et, sicut scimus, historiae huius periodi aegre consonat -- aedificatores non Gothi fuerunt! Sed eandem rem de termino "opus romanum" dicere possum ... :::<s>An aliqui scriptores Latini verbum "Gothicum" sensu artistico iam adhibiti sunt, nescio.</s> Iam vidi citationem verborum "stilo Gothico" a pontifice scriptorum: ibi certe fontem habemus. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:39, 2 Augusti 2022 (UTC) 04j4bkxxyaku5ajenpuctn8s5ng5kki 3695838 3695759 2022-08-02T22:18:54Z Utilo 18337 /* De arte mediaevali */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == MMXXII == [[Fasciculus:Fireworks on New Year's Eve in a small Swabian village (1), brightened.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.5|Spectaculum pyrotechnicum Suebicum]] Annum faustum, felicem, fortunatumque vobis omnibus precor! Legamus, scribamus, gaudeamus! [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 15:44, 1 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Fausta omnia tibi ceterisque Vicipaedianis. Proposito tuo subscribo.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:53, 1 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) == Vicipaedia:Pellicula mensis == Salvete omnes! Habemus [[Vicipaedia:Pellicula mensis]] (gratias {{ping|UV}} et elegi pelliculas per 2022. Estne bene hoc uti in pagina prima? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:23, 3 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Cur non? Anno novo quoddam novum faciamus. — Paginae primae columna prima nunc brevissima est, ibi pellicula inseri potest. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:29, 3 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::Bene, quis ergo possit paginam primam emendare? {{ping|UV}} fortasse? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:52, 5 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::: Nemine contradicente pelliculas mensium in paginam primam inserui. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:04, 6 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Gratias tibi {{ping|UV}}! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:55, 9 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) == Rogationem de annorum == Habemus rogationem de hoc [[:commons:TimedText:Uruk,_erste_Metropole_der_Weltgeschichte_(CC_BY_4.0).webm.la.srt]]: ''Ibi quattuor milia [annos / annorum?] ante Christum natum prima urbs post hominum memoriam condita est.'' Utitur ''annos'' aut ''annorum''? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:57, 9 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Post milia annorum melius. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:05, 10 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==The ling formula== Should languages named by the ling formula be adverbs or nouns? We notice that in "[[Lingua Scotica (Gadelica)]]," editor 2804:1054:3014:fde0:f045:7592:d7f5:8331 has changed <nowiki>{{ling|Scotice|Anglice}} to {{ling|Scotica|Anglica}}</nowiki> overnight. We notice also that the formula is given as <nowiki>{{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}</nowiki> in "[[Runcus Genuensium]]." What's the most appropriate way of coding this kind of information? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:09, 11 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Paginas de linguis Scotiae nunc semi-protexi. Editor anonymus, linguae Latinae expers, nomina linguarum in paginis de Scotia inutiliter mutat. :Scribimus e.g. de nexu externo monolingui <nowiki>{{Ling|Anglice}}</nowiki>; de nexu bilingui <nowiki>{{Ling|Anglice|Francogallice}}</nowiki>, etc. :UVbot interdum e.g. <nowiki>{{Ling|Anglice}}</nowiki> in <nowiki>{{Ling|Lingua Anglica{{!}}Anglice}}</nowiki> mutat: haec mutatio in facie paginae non videtur. Nobis neque expansionem ab UVbot factam imitare, neque revertere, necesse est. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:06, 11 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) == De pagina prima == When you visit our [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima]] from today on (and you are logged in), you may notice that Vicipaedia now will greet you using your username ;-) (You might beforehand need to reload the page, shift-reload the page and/or clear your browser cache to see the effect.) This greeting is a (hopefully pleasant) side-effect of me today adapting the top of our [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima]] to make sure everything will still work in the future: Possibly, the MediaWiki software developers will, within a few weeks or months, add a [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header#Anonymous users|“Sticky Header”]] near the top of the page may put some useful controls onto the same line as the article title. For this to work smoothly in the future, I have today removed our custom main page heading and re-enabled the standard one. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:35, 11 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Great, but the gadget doesn't know the vocative case. Of course, vocative is not needed for all nicknames, but for those that are needed, is it possible to specify a form somewhere? To change the ending -us to -e and -ius to -i. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 03:15, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :: Good idea, I have tried to include a manual workaround for the vocative case (see the source code of [[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin/vocative]]) – does it work now? If anyone else prefers a greeting in the vocative case on our pagina prima as well, do tell me and I will add your username to [[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin/vocative]]. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 20:18, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::Wow! Now it really makes an impression. — It seems to me, also [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] (one of those who often edits — and always corrects errors). And [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] — what about the space, it's unclear, maybe he will say. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:35, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::: Yes, thank you, I have added the two. If anyone prefers it some other way, please tell me! --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 22:42, 12 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==De UVbot== Hodie in capsa editoria rei "[[Percy Liza]]," 190.237.93.100, editor ignotus, nobis dicit UVbot "is misbehaving or if there is just the slightest suspicion that the bot might be malfunctioning, please block it." Re vera? UVbot indecore se gerit? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:20, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) : UVbot «non annexa» formulam posuit et recte omnia fecit, nam non annexa est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 14:11, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :: Well, it could indeed happen that (a) I make a mistake while operating UVbot (nobody is perfect) or (b) there is a technical problem that causes UVbot to malfunction. If such a situation occurs, I invite everyone to raise the issue here in the Taberna or on my user talk page; and if the bot is still running and doing more harm, I invite every admin to block UVbot at sight. In the case at hand, I believe that UVbot did neither misbehave nor malfunction. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 20:06, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Indeed. Noster 190.237.93.100, editor ignotus, appears to be under the impression that the "Pagina non annexa" formula shouldn't be applied to pages lacking an incoming link, or at least to "[[Percy Liza]]." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:17, 22 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::The last of those :) To put it in context, 190.237.93.100 has been spreading this footballer across many Wikipedias. The Latin page was just about acceptable as a start so we didn't delete it. 190.237.93.100 prefers the page not to have any templates on it, and has learned that bots can conveniently be accused of malfunctioning. It's up to us how we deal with such messages, taking due account of their origin. :::::As for the page, the text is far too short to be useful. If anyone wants to improve it and add an incoming link somewhere, great: if not, I suspect it will eventually be deleted. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:20, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==Formulae desideratae== Fortasse noster [[Usor:Klein Muçi]] or some other kind programmer would like to make the formulas printing nakedly in red under "De nominibus hodiernis" [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontus_Euxinus here] work. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :@[[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]], LaWiki was completely lacking technical foreign language support. I found myself in a rabbit hole where each module required 10 other modules to be imported so it worked. After 87 imports of modules and templates (my hands literally hurt :P ), the situation should be better. Unfortunately that is not the complete list of templates (the complete list requires +200 other templates to cover almost all the languages and scripts of the world) and some of the already imported templates may require further fine-tuning to be translated in Latin (that's actually easy to do) but I did what was needed to solve the current, immediate, problem I believe. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 14:14, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::Macte! Multas gratias tibi ago! Such labor! Who knew? Bravo! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::But the name of the language must be Latin, "Graece" and not "Greek" etc.; "romanized" — "litteris Latinis"? "Listen" — "audias" etc. Or is it easier to rewrite a paragraph without formulas. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 14:31, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::Yes, that's what I do. I don't know what benefit the templates offer. But all praise to Klein Muçi for doing the work. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:08, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], please, take a look at [[Module:Lang/data]]. You'll see a long list in red. The right part (the one in quotation marks, after the equals mark) is the part that needs to be translated for 90% of those cases you're referring to. Can you do that for me? I'll take care for the remaining ones in the end or fix any errors that might arise. ::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], to put it very simply, some computers are dumb when you offer them different languages or different scripts and they don't know how to render them and they may end up rendering question marks or other similar symbols instead. The work I did gives them metadata (data/information about the data they're reading) so they know what they're reading and therefore how to render them. That + some templates so they (computers) know how to render the [[w:en:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA symbols]]. The problem is that, as I said, there are many languages and scripts in the world and each have their own templates so, of course, there are a lot lacking currently. I only imported the basic ones needed for the system to work and the ones that were needed in that specific article. ::::How much IPA is needed here... That does require a discussion on its own. My vague idea is that given that IPA is universal per se, can be utilized everywhere but I'm not an expert on linguistics, let alone phonology. If you say that it is not needed, we can remove some templates related to IPA while keeping the other ones that help computers render text better. Even though I'd propose to wait a bit before acting, maybe that proves useful. ::::Thanks to everyone for the good words! :)) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 15:41, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Thanks for the explanation, Klein Muçi. I agree with you about IPA: it is international and acceptable, it is sometimes useful, but (since our focus is written Latin) IPA pronunciations of foreign names may not be truly useful in every case. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:55, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::As for editing the list of languages — I don't know, I'm not sure that these templates will be used; maybe one day. :::::And about the display of rare alphabets — now almost everything is displayed almost everywhere (thank you, Unicode), and when squares or question marks are visible, then the problem is in the user's device, and not in the template; I recently had a case with the Avestan alphabet — on one machine you can see even without a template, and on the other, and through the {{lang-ae}} template, it's still squares. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 16:19, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], the template you mentioned didn't exist in here. Just imported it. (You'll see that now it generates an error because it has no text defined, just the template itself.) Can you tell me more about the case you were talking about in there? Not an expert on this subject as I said (I've only dealt with this phenomenon briefly in the past) but maybe I'm able to help. And well done on the string translations! :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 23:20, 23 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::I inserted those adverbia that I could; we don’t have articles about the rest and I don’t want to invent on the go. - <small>About Avestan - I was talking about Russian Wikipedia, and the case is the same in in English. Android and Linux shows Avestan even without a template, Windows even with template don't shows. These templates made sense around 2005, now it seems to me that they can (or should) also be eliminated in large wikipedias, they stand by inertia. </small> [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:13, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::I had the same impression as Demetrius when I looked at the use of these templates on en:wiki a while back and the long discussions about them over there. They surely seemed a good idea when invented but their real value may be small, and the more templates you see in the edit screen, the less you want to edit it. I quote from far above: "is it easier to rewrite a paragraph without formulas?" Yes, it could be. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:10, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::Maybe user @[[User:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] can explain us more on the whole subject as the creator of [[Module:Lang]]. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 22:33, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::For the record: while I was the writer of [[Module:Lang]], the wikitext templates existed long before I consolidated everything into Module:lang. :::::::::: ::::::::::I get the impression that editors here don't think that the language templates are important and that while they might have been useful 15 years ago, they are no longer useful. Were that the case, HTML5 (MediaWiki publishes articles in HTML5 markup) would have dropped the <code>lang=</code> attribute. The authors of the html5 standard have not done so; see [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes the standard]. Were the {{tlx|lang}} template not useful, editors at en.wiki would have long ago abandoned them. They have not done so; Module:lang is in use on more than 1.2 million en.wiki pages. Proper html language markup is important and the {{tlx|lang}} templates are intended to make it as easy as possible for wikipedia editors to write text in languages different from the local wikipedia's language. :::::::::: ::::::::::Here is, I think, a simple example – la.wiki doesn't have {{tlx|lang-ar}} so I've fudged this example with a direct call into Module:lang. I grabbed this Arabic text from [[Lingua Arabica]]. ::::::::::*[[Lingua Arabica]]: اللغة العربية الفصحى ← plain text mockup rendered by your browser using the default font ::::::::::*{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit|code=ar|text=اللغة العربية الفصحى|label=[[Lingua Arabica]]}} ← the same text with your browser choosing a font more appropriate to Arab-script text; the properly formatted html looks like this: ::::::::::*:<syntaxhighlight lang="html+handlebars" inline="1">[[Lingua Arabica]]: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">اللغة العربية الفصحى</span></syntaxhighlight> ::::::::::Much easier to use the template. If you are reading this page using a screen reader, the screen reader is more likely to correctly pronounce the Arabic words when they are wrapped in the proper html markup. ::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 00:32, 25 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::Yes, it slightly enlarges the Arabic font (but it can be enlarged in other ways). - It never occurred to me to look for a program that reads Latin aloud from the screen; maybe it exists. — Engage in templates if you like; I did what was asked of me for this. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:18, 25 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::My overall opinion on that is that it doesn't do any harm to provide that kind of support even if considered a small thing. The only concern is that it may overburden editors but new editors mostly work with VE (Visual Editor) and in there templates aren't really a concern. For the editors who would like to take the extra step and provide that technical support in the articles they're editing, the possibility will be there. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 23:57, 25 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::"Any harm" exists, while {{lang-ka|...}}, not [[Georgiane]], {{lang-ab|...}}, not [[Abasgice]]: ..., etc. Please, if they're already here, don't be harmful. Or delete. Suddenly someone will uses them? (I then immediately redid Pontus Euxinus without them, you can not think about it) [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:01, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) I don't use visual editor. If it does reduce the clutter effect of templates in the edit screen, that's surely a Very Good Thing. One of the points often discussed on en:wiki is, what categories of "foreign" text are appropriate for templating? This needs to be clear, and it strongly affects the value of a voiceover. Simple examples: *Foreign names for the page title, as part of a list of foreign names (which may be in the first paragraph or in an "etymology" or "toponymy" subsection). This is the case in the example we began with, [[Pontus Euxinus]]. I guess these need to be correctly voiced in the foreign language -- though the hearer will have difficulty understanding them, as spoken one by one, unless they are in a language the hearer already knows and spoken in an accent with which the hearer is familiar. *Foreign name adopted as our page title because there is no Latin name. I guess this needs to be pronounced with Latin phonemes, as a reasonable Latinist, not knowing the foreign language, would make an attempt at pronouncing it. Because if, every time it occurs in the text, the speaker switches to pure foreign pronunciation, that bit of the sentence will be lost to understanding. The distinction might relate more-or-less to whether we would use italics or not in written text. Those who have listened in a vehicle to a voiced GPS that is programmed to speak language A but give placenames and road numbers in language B will agree that the question needs thought! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:06, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :Pronunciation is going to be a problem with certain spellings produced by speakers of Latin after late antiquity. For example, we have ''[[Pechinum]]''—to Cicero, something perhaps close to /peχinum/—because [[Matthaeus Ricci|Ricci]] and his Italian friends would have pronounced ''Pecinum'' more like /pet͡ʃinum/. For ''Pechinum,'' many modern Italians would actually say /pekinuma/ or in careful speech even /pekinum:a/ (as did Morgan), because final /m/ is awkward in their native phonology, but that's a different story. And then of course we have /χilia/ for the country spelled as ''[[Chilia]],'' but perhaps better (that is, classically) spelled as ''Tsilia'' or even ''Silia.'' At least we have ''[[Sicagum]]'' (not ''Chicagum''!) for 'Chicago', though attestations of pertinent adjectives include ''Chicaginiensis''—which in turn, more thoroughly applying the spelling conventions of "church Latin," should have been ''Chicaghiniensis'' (with another aitch) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:30, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::You're right. Long ago we found consensus for a style of written Latin. How can we select a pronunciation style? Should we? Is it proper for us to choose one? I don't know. ::Recte dicis. Stylum scripturae consensu iam diu selegimus; modum pronuntiatus quomodo eligere possumus? An nobis oportet? An re vera licet? Haud scio! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:55, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) One more note about the templates: plain <nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki> is slightly different from <nowiki>{{lang-ar}}, {{lang-fr}},</nowiki> etc. I've been using the former, which I think works fine as is for all ISO codes (correct me if I'm wrong). {{lang-ar}} removes the extra step of having to add "Arabice", but I don't think that's worth the extra effort of creating all the separate templates. For example: :<nowiki>{{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}}</nowiki> ⟶ {{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}} :<nowiki>{{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}}</nowiki> ⟶ {{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}} [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 22:36, 27 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :@[[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]], the ideal approach, if you ask me personally, would be that everyone who decides to use the lang templates cared to use the correct one and, if one didn't exist, the said user imported it. Eventually the majority would have been imported and there would come a user that would import the remaining part, consolidating the system and fine tune its details. This would be the best way to share work in a non-tiring, organic manner. But that's just my opinion. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:04, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::What to do with those that are already imported and do not work correctly (displaying titles in another language with, of course, broken links)? The user is not obliged to guess that the tool offered to him is (yet) harmful (<small>{{IPA-el|...}}}, {{IPA-all|...}}, {{Lang-ae|...}}, {{Lang-el|...}}, {{Lang-uk|...}}, {{Lang-tr|...}}, {{Lang-rus|...}}, {{Lang-ro|...}}, {{Lang-xmf|...}}, {{Lang-ka|...}}, {{Lang-crh|...}}, {{Lang-bg|...}}, {{Lang-hy|...}}, {{Lang-ady|...}}, {{Lang-zh|...}}, {{Lang-hbs|...}}, {{Lang-ab|...}}</small>). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:24, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], Rome wasn't built in a day. Progression takes time. What we currently have is more or less what I did in a frenzied hurry in less than 30 minutes some days ago. Assuming we're not going to delete everything really soon, I (and hopefully other editors) will continue to help fixing the problems, which I stopped after this discussion started happening about them. Given how template works, you need only to fix one and you'll immediately solve the problems in wherever that template is used, whatever those problems may be. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:35, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::To put it shortly, if we greenlight the use, I'll try to help fixing the problems. I just stopped for the discussion to conclude first because I didn't want to dedicate more time to something that might be deleted soon. :::::(Thanks for reporting the problematic cases!) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:38, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::We need to fix these 17 without waiting for the thousand years that Rome was built (or we need to prevent the possibility of their accidental use before the construction of Rome). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:46, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Yes, of course. I'll get to it in a few hours. I would have finished since that day to be honest but, as I said twice now, I stopped to wait and see the discussion's conclusion before so I'd be a bit more sure I wasn't working for nothing. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:53, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], it's just not clear to me that those templates add anything that <nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki> doesn't already provide. Do they do anything besides adding a link to the name of the language? [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 16:48, 28 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :::@[[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]], I believe not. @[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] can tell us more in that regard. :::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], apparently [[Module:Lang/data]] had to be updated with a different list which then had to be translated. I have done so, imported your translations and added some more. Can you please take a look and see if I've made any mistake or if you can add some more languages? I believe that will solve all the problems with templates in English. If you find any other problems, please do report here so we can try solving them. :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:49, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], also, can you translate the different kinds of Greek language here: [[Formula:IPA-el]]? The more, the merrier. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:01, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::{{tlx|lang}} at la.wiki is an old wikitext template and is not the same as <code><nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki></code> at en.wiki. The <code><nowiki>{{lang-??}}</nowiki></code> templates are the same as the en.wiki templates. The essential difference between the [[Module:Lang]]-supported <code><nowiki>{{lang-??}}</nowiki></code> templates and <code><nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki></code> is that <code><nowiki>{{lang}}</nowiki></code> only marks-up the text (italics when appropriate and html); <code><nowiki>{{lang-??}}</nowiki></code> provides a language name prefix linked to the local article about that language and also has support for romanization and translation. ::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 12:53, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], {{tl|lang}} is the same as its homologue now. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:04, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::*Yes, I did as much as I could (that is, how many articles about languages we have - I must say, there are almost all of this list). - It is necessary that the word "language" not be added - now it does not work because of this ({{lang-uk|...}}). <small>(Note: we usually have a redirection from an adverb like [[Anglice]] to [[Lingua Anglica]], but in some cases this redirection has been forgotten; I should have made a list of these while I was looking at the titles, but I didn't figure it out in time. In general, the missing redirects - there are not so many of them - will have to be created one day)</small> — About IPA-el - I don’t understand how it is used, why there are links to dialects. But I translated them so that they lead to articles that are. — P.S. These categories, which early template now automatically adds to the end of the article, e.g. [[:Categoria:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text]], must either be translated (but this is not me) and sent to hidden, or make that they are not added (it is possible without category to check which articles contain the template). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:37, 1 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::As I expect you already know, Demetri, the categories demanding to be created are listed at [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae_desideratae Categoriae desideratae]. If the categories are unnecessary, it might be better to revise the templates so that they don't demand categories, as you suggest in your last sentence. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:36, 2 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Oh God, there are almost a hundred of them and they spoil two or three thousand articles ... At the beginning of the discussion, one was spoiled - Pontus Euxinus, and now almost three thousand. @[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], all this should be turned off or deleted, it's a very big harm. (And for new ones, make that "langugage" is not added, or also delete it.) [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:36, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::I repeat that it was kind of Klein Muçi to respond immediately to Iacobus's request. But it was very unwise to embark on a big series of changes like this so hastily. Vicipaedia is a small wiki. Let's admit it, Latin is a minority interest. To attract and retain a readership we need our pages to read well and look good, and there are not many of us doing the work. Templates that don't function at all, or don't give a correct result in a Latin context, damage our pages and are bad for us. In my opinion, modules and templates that will need continuing work should not be introduced here at all unless discussion shows that the effort will be repaid by strong advantages. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:23, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Notice my test-edit of [[Formula:Polytonic]], which takes it out of this system: it thus reduces the number of pages currently demanding a badly-named category by about 2,000. The edit is easily reverted when anyone wishes to do so :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:07, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], hello! First I would ask you to relax. In Wikipedia nothing ever loses and every change can be undone with literally a click of a button if considered harmful, sometimes by many people. I do understand that seeing something not right and not knowing how to fix it can be alarming but I do repeat that even the wrongdoings of the biggest vandal in the world are 1 click away from being removed. ::::::::Now, in regard to the categories: They are all added because of them being present in one of the templates/modules. When working with the localization (that is, translation of the terms used in them) categories were left to be translated in the end. We have been working for quite some days now and you've helped me personally in that quest. We can't just do everything in the same day not only because the whole volunteering setting doesn't work like that in general but even if the work was paid and it was our only job, it still wouldn't make a difference because it takes time to develop a good product. ::::::::I'll go and deal with the categories now. I'll also look after the "language" part. We'll solve each problem as it comes and if we can't, we'll just revert back to its latest most stable state. ::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], personally I'm really grateful for the existence of this place as it allows me to easily read ever-evolving texts in Latin apart from the classical literature. Even if it may not show much because of me always typing in English and not being involved much in editing articles per se, I do spend quite some time reading them using the "random article" feature. What I imported lately mostly worked in the background, by doing overall rather minor changes, as it can be evidenced by some users having it hard to see the provided change itself. If deemed harmful, everything can be reverted. But, as you may know from some changes that we've done together in the past, it takes some time to fully localize a module and in this case, we're still in that process. Demetrius maybe got a bit rightfully alarmed because he thought that that was the final product or that maybe I'd disappear and leave the work in half but none of those options are true in this case. It's just that beside everyday real life issues, beside LaWiki, I also deal with SqWiki, SqQuote, EnWiki, some minor Mediawiki code changes and occasionally try to fight vandalism in other small wikis and I try to dedicate each project a fair share amount of time (EnWiki and Mediawiki less time given that those are bigger projects in which my absence would be felt less). - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:29, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::One of 2 categories was translated. (The other will soon join.) Please check one of the articles that was already showing this category in English and see if the provided translation works correctly. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:37, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::@[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], you do indeed do a lot of work for Vicipaedia -- I am very glad that you are also reading some Latin while you're here :) It's true, everyone is a volunteer and we should not be impatient about work that must necessarily take some time to complete. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:15, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::Wow! All those redlink categories seem to have disappeared ... If I didn't know someone was working away at this behind the scenes, I would say it was magic! OK, they have been replaced by others, which are still in mixed language, but perhaps easy to correct. For "Articles containing X" (where X is a language-name adverb) the Latin category name could be "Continetur textus X scriptus" (literally "text written in X is included"). For "Ancient Greek (to 1453)" all we need in Latin is "Graece". If languages change their names at a specific date -- which we may doubt -- there is no better date than 1453 for the change from ''Graece'' ("in Greek") to ''Neograece'' ("in modern Greek"). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:23, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], yes. Can you please show me one or two articles where these categories appear? It would make fine-tuning the translation easier. :::::::::::Also can you help me by translating the last template which is still in English from the templates that were imported lately? [[Template:IPA-all]] It has only 3 words which should be translated, the parts after the equal signs. "Local pronunciation", "locally" and "pronounced". I can provide more context if so needed. :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:34, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::My pleasure! I happened to look at the page [[Bitolia]]. As you will see, it contains several examples. Incidentally, when the example "Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)" is fully changed to "Continetur textus Graece scriptus", then it would be sensible to revert my edit to [[Formula:Polytonic]]: I think its 2000 pages will then show a nice Latin category name. As you may know, ancient Greek and Latin had a sort of symbiotic relationship over a very long period. This helps to explain why so many of our pages contain words or phrases in ancient Greek. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:45, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]], okay, everything is fine, the development process is underway. But, for example, on an article, while the development process is underway, you can hang <nowiki>{{in progressu}}</nowiki>, or hide the unfinished stuff through <nowiki><!--- ... ---></nowiki>, and it will not be displayed; in general, an article can be written and tested in a draft in a personal space. I just don't know how to similarly secure templates, that are under development and require testing (so that they don't generate foreign language categories or require articles like [[Ucrainice language]]). - And I fully support the translation "textus (''adverbium'') scriptus continetur". [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:35, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::With templates under revision, there is often no way to avoid temporary display errors. We just have to say to ourselves "Vicipaedia perficienda est" (''Wikipedia is a work in progress''). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:03, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], these are the current changes that I've done: ::::::::::::::* Category:Articles containing <language>-language text → Category:Continetur textus <language> ::::::::::::::* Category:Articles with text in <language> languages → Category:Articuli continentes textum <language> ::::::::::::::Correct me if I'm wrong. ::::::::::::::There is also one last category left of which I'd like your help: ::::::::::::::* Articles containing explicitly cited Latin-language text ::::::::::::::This is formed by adding the string we've used above (Continetur textus) + a translated string for "explicitly cited", which you'll need to give me. ::::::::::::::And thank you for the already provided translations in the IPA template! :) ::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], we can actually create "surrogate templates" that have all the code of the template that we want to create but a different name used just for testing purposes and use it on a draft article (a surrogate article) but it does require more than double the effort and personally I use that method only for templates that make substantial changes to the articles. In our case I considered the changes to be of a minor type and we had to import over 80 templates and modules to begin with, a number which would made the described method almost impossible to utilize. As I've said above, I wouldn't want to upset anyone around here, let alone bring harm to the current articles. If you remember my first ever discussion here, I asked to help around in technical matters just because I was happy for what I found here. I'll try to be even faster in future cases in localizing processes so you won't see much of the development. That will make the transition be way more subtle. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:53, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::Τhey need to be moved in any case to "Categoriae celatae", in the second line [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 01:56, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], yes. After the categories get created, they should be hidden as most (if not all) maintenance categories in most projects are. I'm just waiting to get a comment from user Andrew about the correct form of them so he won't need to delete them again to fix my mistakes. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 02:14, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::Will a category "Articles containing explicitly cited Latin-language text" ever be useful to anybody? This is Vicipaedia! we talk about the Latin name of something on every page that extends for more then a sentence or two. Show me where such a category is used on another Wikipedia and I might grasp it better. :::::::::::::::::OK, on the other questions above, how do the two category groups differ from one another? Show me a case where the first text "Continetur textus ..." will not be appropriate for members of the second group. :::::::::::::::::About the name for the first category group: it seems to me very itchy Latin to terminate the whole name with a language adverb. Try to wrap the language adverb inside "Continetur textus [Anglice] scriptus". If anyone thinks I'm fussing unnecessarily about this, please say so! There may eventually be a lot of cases, so it's worth getting it right. :::::::::::::::::Nomen "Categoria:Continetur textus [Anglice]" mihi barbare sonat. Nomen "Categoria:Continetur textus [Anglice] scriptus" vehementer urgeo! An alii consentiunt? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:17, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::Ita! Sic! Certe! Vero! ''Continetur textus [Anglice] scriptus'' nobis melius sonat. Sed fortasse ''Continetur textus [Anglicus]'' optime sonabit? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:48, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::Ita, optime! Sed, si hac locutione utimur, necesse erit novam enumerationem nominum linguarum exscribere ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:31, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::I must agree Iacobus's version is better still ... but it will need a new list of language names based on the masculine form of the adjective. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:31, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::Maybe @[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] can be far more useful than me for providing context for the categories in this case, sparing me some detective work on EnWiki. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:59, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::At en.wiki, [[Module:Lang]] links to three category types (ignoring error categories): :::::::::::::::::::::*for individual and macrolanguages (most ISO 639-1, -2-, -3 language tags are associated with individual languages; some ISO 639-3 languages are macrolanguages): :::::::::::::::::::::*:<code><nowiki>[[Category:Articles containing</nowiki> <''language-name''>-language text]]</code> :::::::::::::::::::::*for ISO 639-1, 2 collective languages (these names in the standard all have the form: <code><''language-name''> languages</code> – an rfc decided on this form): :::::::::::::::::::::*:<code><nowiki>[[Category:Articles with text in</nowiki> <''language-name''> languages]]</code> :::::::::::::::::::::*for English (this category exists because, in general, it is inappropriate to markup English text at en.wiki which is already marked up as English text; there are good reasons to markup English text so that is why this is not an error category): :::::::::::::::::::::*:<code><nowiki>[[Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text]]</nowiki></code> :::::::::::::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 14:39, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::OK, I understand. Thanks very much, Trappist. Can do. But let's decide how we're dealing with the main group (note also Demetrius's comment below) and then a form of words can be devised for these (very rare) cases also. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:41, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], so, should Latin also mark up Latin text? ::::::::::::::::::::::Also, for my personal and maybe other's curiosity here, what exactly is meant with "macrolanguages" and "collective languages"? Because that's what seems to be the main difference between the 2 aforementioned categories. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 15:34, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::As at en.wiki, generally no, so the category catches improper use of {{tlx|lang|la|...}}. But, there are occasions when such use is appropriate, for example, Latin text within text from another language.—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 15:55, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::::::Yes, I never thought of that! I can imagine it! As above, when we know which style we're using for the whole group of categories, we can add a name for this one too. No problem. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:32, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::::See [[:en:ISO 639-2#Collective language codes]] and [[:en:ISO 639 macrolanguage]].—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 15:55, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::Another list of languages (with a masculine form, not with an adverb) is not a problem, I'll make it from the existing one - I just don't know where to insert it. (the existing one still cannot be removed, it is for the text of articles, not for categories). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:36, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], so do we have a translation for the last category now? (Or even better translations for the first 2 I translated?) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:39, 8 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :It has become a little complicated. Questions to answer in sequence: * Is it possible to build in a second list of language names, this time in the form of masculine adjectives ("Latinus", "Anglicus" etc. = X2) :: If Yes, best of all: Demetrius [says above that he] will make list X2, and the category name (as suggested by Iacobus) will be "Continetur textus X2". Go ahead with that. * If No, OK then, is it possible to wrap the category name around the language name? :: If Yes to this, second best: the category names can have the form "Continetur textus X1 scriptus" (as I already suggested above, and using the existing list of language names X1). Go ahead with that. * If No, OK then, third best, the category names had better be in the form "X1 citatur", meaning, with super-Tacitean compression, "There is a citation in X1". Not so readily understood, but it will be a hidden category after all ... :: Right, then, the the names of categories for macrolanguages and language groups can be based directly on the names of the pages -- or future pages -- about these groups. I think a list, X3, will still be wanted, to ensure that they are in a standard plural form e.g. "linguae Italicae". The category names will be "X3 citantur" meaning e.g. "Italic languages are cited". :: Finally, if a text in Latin is marked up, the category name can be "Lingua Latina intra textum citatur", meaning "There is a citation in Latin inside a/the text". The ambiguity "a/the" is useful here. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:41, 8 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]]: ::# This ''second list of language names'' is assumed to replace the first one, no? ::# I believe we can make the category's syntax however we want as long as it is not very dynamic (there aren't different words appearing and disappearing in different cases) ::# We can deal in the end with this special case. But here you mention a third list. Again, if we're meaning to replace the existing ones, that's easy enough. If we want different lists for different cases, I believe that would require substantial technical reworks that go beyond my technical capabilities. ::Maybe you can have a clearer idea if you take a look at the code we're talking about yourself: [[Module:Lang#L-591|Click here]] and you'll see the documentation for the 3 categories. Then below that, you'll see the 2 categories that I've already translated and a part of the third which should be translated (the third one is created by using parts of the existing ones above + that). Then you go and compare everything with the original code [[w:en:Module:Lang#L-591|in EnWiki]] and you'll understand what I've changed and why. There are literally only 3 lines I've changed so it should be easy enough. That will make the bigger picture clearer maybe. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:04, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Thank you for your patience! I understand about the difficulty of incorporating two lists of language names. Extra construction work of that kind for just one Wikipedia is not really desirable. So we move to the second best option. No problem. I am busy with life till late today but as soon as I can I will have a look at the code and either correct it, or tell you how to correct it. OK? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:26, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], of course. Thanks for your fast response! :)) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:00, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::You make it seem easy, Klein Muçi! Yes, I have edited those lines of the module. I hope they work. There is no need in Latin to distinguish the macrolanguage and group categorues from the others: it will just be necessary, in the list of languages, to write the names of language groups in the ablative, because an adverb does not work, e.g. "linguis Italicis". This is likely to be a rare case, anyway. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:43, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Yes, great, it's gotten a lot better. - But there is still [[:Categoria:Continetur_textus_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)_scriptus|Continetur_textus_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)_scriptus]] left (231 pages)? ...textus Graece (ante 1453)... I would do it myself, I don't know where. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 05:51, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::As I said far above, there's no need for the 1453. The reason for its presence is that it is contradictory ''in English'' to claim that all Greek until 1453 is "Ancient" but they want to say it anyway. However, it's not contradictory for us to say that all Greek is "Graece" until we begin to say "Neograece". Those terms are easily defined: no need for a semi-fictional date in parentheses. :::::::But no, I can't find it either! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:24, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::I'll try to find it now. Meanwhile, speaking of Greek, @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], can you translate the first lines and the last ones in this template {{tl|IPA-el}}? There are words like "locally" "pronunciation", "pronounced", "modern" etc. that are left in English. Saw it now while I was searching for the template causing that. The translation will be similar to what you did with the general IPA template some days ago. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:57, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], <u><nowiki>{{lang|el|word}}</nowiki></u> works as intended, while <u><nowiki>{{lang|grc|word}}</nowiki></u> gives category ''Continetur textus <u>Ancient Greek (to 1453)</u> scriptus''. I can't see any code for that beside [[Module:Lang/data#L-373]] but it's not in the localizations table. Is that a kind of English fallback? Anyway we can remap it? - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 12:08, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::Ancient Greek (to 1453) comes from [[Module:Lang/data]] from [[Module:Language/data/iana languages]] from [[:en:IANA|IANA]] [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file] from [https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/grc ISO639-3]. It is not something made up by the editors at en.wiki. :::::::::: ::::::::::[[Module:Lang]] does not strip parenthetical disambiguators from category names so that different languages with the same name (for example: Ainu <code>aib</code> China; Ainu <code>ain</code> Japan) will be categorized separately. :::::::::: ::::::::::[[Module:Lang/data]] exists to override the names provided by IANA. Create an entry there for whatever flavor of <code>grc</code> you want. ::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 13:04, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], thank you! I was afraid of using THAT list of overrides because of the code name being the only one in 3 letters. It worked fine. :::::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], check [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data&diff=3670130&oldid=3670084 this diff]. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:13, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::Well done, @[[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]]! We may well need to override some other parenthetical insertions in category names, but thanks to @[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] we now know how to do it. ::::::::::::Since this category name now looks good, I can revert my edit to [[Formula:Polytonic]] and I may as well go ahead and [[:Categoria:Continetur textus Graece scriptus|create the category]]. It has more than 2000 members. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:33, 11 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::Optime; now with the categories that the old templates suddenly began to generate, by common efforts (almost) everything is OK. The word "language" remains in the new templates ({{Lang-ae|...}}, {{Lang-el|...}}, {{Lang-uk|...}}, {{Lang-tr|...}}, {{Lang-rus|...}}, {{Lang-ro|...}}, {{Lang-xmf|...}}, {{Lang-ka|...}}, {{Lang-crh|...}}, {{Lang-bg|...}}, {{Lang-hy|...}}, {{Lang-ady|...}}, {{Lang-zh|...}}, {{Lang-hbs|...}}, {{Lang-ab|...}}) - where does it turn off? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 05:20, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], I'm sorry but I'll have to ask you again on this. I can't find anything on Lang/data for that specifically. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:34, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::At en.wiki [[Module:Lang]] links to language articles through <code>&lt;''language-name''> language</code> redirects. This avoids ambiguity and allows the Module to output a consistent link format that does not require fixing with every update of the IANA [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file]. Redirects are free and MediaWiki handles them efficiently. Use redirects. ::::::::::::::The language names in [[Module:Lang/data]] should be names only: <code>Slavica ecclesiastica</code>, not <code>lingua Slavica ecclesiastica</code>, etc. Use redirects. ::::::::::::::—[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trappist the monk|disputatio]]) 12:56, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::[Just for context, in case it's useful:] "Slavica ecclesiastica", like "Latina", is not a language name. Those words are just adjectives. "Latina", without other context, means "a woman from Lazio"; "Slavica ecclesiastica", without context, means "a Slav woman who is a church member". :::::::::::::::If we have a language adverb available, like "Latine", that makes it easy. "Latine" means "in a Latin way", and the most usual context for such an expression is linguistic, so any reader will understand "Latine" as "with Latin speech" or "in the Latin tongue". That fits the context of these categories nicely. If we don't have an adverb we can use, the correct way to substitute for it is with a phrase in the ablative, "lingua Twi" (singular) or "linguis Akan" (plural): "in the Twi tongue", "in the Akan tongues". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:00, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::I haven't understood the problem that Demetrius mentions: can someone link to a page on which one of these redlinks to [[XXX language]] appears? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:08, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::These new templates (<nowiki>{{Lang-xx|...}}</nowiki>), which link to an article about a language, take the name of the language from the list (we have edited it and, in any case, it is clear how to edit it) and add the English word "language" to it, and therefore the link does not work; for example {{Lang-tr|...}} (click on it) requires [[Turcice language]] instead of [[Turcice]], and all the others above. — And if they cannot be configured, these 15 must be deleted or, at least, somehow removed to a safe place, to some test space, so that the person, who copied the text with them from another wiki, does not fall into this trap. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 16:34, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::I get it now. Thank you for explaining, Demetri. Now I understand better the point raised by Lesgles above. So, if none of these new "lang-" templates is currently in use (I have just verified that), and <nowiki>{{Lang|...}}</nowiki> can be used in their place, and no one (not even Klein Muçi) can quite see how to configure them, it seems to me also that it would be wise to delete the "lang-" templates quickly and move on. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:29, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::@[[Usor:Trappist the monk|Trappist the monk]], maybe I haven't understood you correctly but I'm finding the courage to press on this one more time: The problem is the "language" part, (the language "suffix"). Can we twist Module:Lang in such a way that instead of "language" it uses "lingua"? (Or maybe remove it altogether, if so needed?) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:04, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::::::::::::There is an adverb in the templates that matches our redirects, no need to add "lingua" to it (it will be absurd again, the same as with "language"). It is necessary that nothing be added to it (neither "lingua" nor "language"), it will work. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 05:07, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::::::I agree: ''no added word'' is what we need. Incidentally, there are other languages in which the naming of languages is handled in a similar way to Latin. Greek would be an example. So a solution to this issue would help the transfer of these templates to other wikis. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:50, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) There seems to be another challenge with the {{fnp|Lang|…}} template: <code><nowiki>{{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}}</nowiki></code> gives : {{lang|grc|μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος}}, and <code><nowiki>{{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}}</nowiki></code> gives : {{lang|zh|施氏食獅史}}, but when I hover my mouse over the foreign-language text, a tooltip "Graece-language text"/"Sinice-language text" is displayed, which is a horrible and ungrammatical mixture between a Latin language adverb and English words. We should discuss how this should read (I would propose "textus Graece scriptus"/"textus Sinice scriptus", but maybe there are better suggestions), and it would be good if someone would find out where to change this tooltip text – I would consider it a bad idea to keep it as it reads now. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 23:53, 13 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :It is possible to write simply "Graece scriptum", "Sinice scriptum" (but simply "Graece", "Sinice" is too lapidary). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:27, 14 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Well observed, UV! I agree that we have to change this. Either your phrase or Demetrius' phrase would suit us, in my opinion. For brevity, perhaps "Graece scriptum" is better. But can we make the change? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:24, 14 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Some other wikis that use the "lang" template series don't show any tooltips. We could accept that as a solution, I think :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:19, 14 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::I'll check the tooltip part soon. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 10:59, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:UV|UV]], @[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], you can modify that part to your wish [[Module:Lang#L-577|here]]. There are 4 lines for different cases. Modify the parts in red. Be careful to respect the spaces and hyphen parts. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:04, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Thanks, it's off. - I did the minimum: now the tool tip is just "Graece". I tried to write "scriptum", but the grace of the gods was no longer enough for this. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:09, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Maybe I have achieved "... scriptum". If I caused any error, Demetri, please revert my edit. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:21, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Alexander Carbonarius == <small><i>(quaestio nova fortuite in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium_31|tabularium]] inserta est, huc moveo, — [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 13:15, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC))</i></small><br> Da ich leider nicht weiß, wo ich sonst fragen kann, versuche ich es hier mal wieder. Von Gregor von Nyssa habe ich einen Text in Alt-Griechisch gefunden. Mit Hilfe des Internets konnte ich keine Übersetzung finden. Vielleicht hier? Der Text ist von hier: http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/04z/z_0330-0395__Gregorius_Nyssenus__De_vita_Gregorii_Thaumaturgi__MGR.pdf.html Es geht mir ausschließlich um drei Zeilen: Zeilen: [00360] Καὶ τίς οὗτος, φησὶν, ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, οὗ τὴν µνήµην πεποίησθε; [00361] Εἶτά τινος τῶν συµπαρόντων ἐν γέλωτι παραγαγόντος εἰς µέσον τὸν µνηµονευθέντα, ῥακίοις πιναροῖς ἠµφιεσµένον, οὐδὲ ὅλῳ τῷ σώµατι, καὶ ἅµα δεικνύντα τῷ φαινοµένῳ τὴν ἐργασίαν χερσί τε καὶ προσώπῳ, καὶ τῷ λοιπῷ σώµατι κατεῤῥυπωµένον τῇ ἐργασίᾳ τῶν ἀνθράκων, τοῖς µὲν λοιποῖς γέλωτος ἦν ὑπόθεσις, ἐν µέ σοις τοιοῦτος ἑστὼς ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, τῷ δὲ διορατικῷ ἐκείνῳ ὀφθαλµῷ πολλὴν παρεῖχεν ἔκπληξιν τὸ γινόµενόν τε καὶ ὁρώµενον· [00378] Πάντων δὲ πρὸς τὸν νέον ἱερέα ἀποβλεπόντων, προτραπείς τινα πρὸς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν λόγον ποιήσασθαι, ἔδειξεν εὐθὺς ἐν προοιµίοις τῆς ἀρχῆς ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος ἄψευστον ἐπ' αὐτῷ τοῦ µεγάλου Γρηγορίου τὴν κρίσιν Da wird was über Alexander, dem Köhler/Alexander Carbonarius (Heiliger und Bischof) erzählt? Ich weiß, hier geht es um Latein, aber ich habe die Hoffnung, dass hier auch viele Alt-Griechisch können. Kennt jemand evtl. einen Link zu einer deutschen Übersetzung, oder kann auf die Schnelle(!) grob(!) sagen, worum es in den drei Zeilen geht? Danke [[Usor:Qwertzu111111|Qwertzu111111]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Qwertzu111111|disputatio]]) 16:10, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) * (This page is already archived, you probably made a mistake, it is better to move the question [[Vicipaedia:Taberna|to the current tabernа]].) — Sorry, I am not fit to make a translation into German or English, but it tells how St. Gregory Thaumaturgus chose Alexander as bishop, a simple coal-burner, in tatters and completely black from coal (colorfully described), and all the people gathered in the church looked at him with bewilderment, but Alexander immediately turned to them with such a speech that everyone understood that Gregory was wonderfully perspicacious. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:11, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :: thanks for your quick and kind response. Yes, I made a mistake. sorry for that. It sounds like the content is that: https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01295c.htm? [[Usor:Qwertzu111111|Qwertzu111111]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Qwertzu111111|disputatio]]) 22:23, 24 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==Categoria:Genera animalium== I thought we'd finished applying this category (and similar categories in the set) to all appropriate articles, but several spiders not so marked just turned up. Do other such articles exist? Would it be possible for someone to construct a program that would list any articles that have, say, the word ''Animalia'' in a taxobox but not the category "..... animalium" (where "....." can be ''species'' or ''genera'' or ''tribus'' and so forth)? ¶ And then of course with plants (having ''Plantae'' in a taxobox). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:31, 26 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) :You're right: much was done, but it was not a job that could be completed 100% manually. :We still have some survivals of a very ancient kind of taxobox, and not all the articles concerned have taxoboxes at all -- they don't have anything predictable in common, not even that -- but ''nearly'' all of them do, and your solution, if it can be applied, would pick up all of those. The aim would be to list all the articles (a) with ''Animalia'' or ''Plantae'' in a taxobox (b) currently lacking any category that is a subcategory of [[:Categoria:Taxa gradu digesta]]. Yes, it seems a good idea to me. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:51, 27 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC) ==Default location & size of images== If memory serves, the default in Vicipaedia is that fasciculi print flush right at a size of 250px (or upright=1); therefore, the word ''right'' and an indication of size don't need to be written into the code. However, in "[[Monumentum Nationale Marinum Papahānaumokuākea]]," if the word ''right'' is omitted from the code, the first image, a map, prints flush ''left.'' Also, if an indication of size (either via px or via "upright') is omitted there, the image prints extra-large, all the way across the screen. Do we have bugs in the system? or do these irregularities come from something particular to that image? ~~ : The word <code>thumb</code> was missing. I added it and now everything works as usual ;-) --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 22:56, 3 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Well I'll be darned. But that raises another point: evidently "thumb" isn't needed if "right" and an indication of size are present. In other words, only two of those criteria are required. (I'd always thought "thumb" was obligatory.) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 00:02, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::: We should generally use <code>thumb</code>. Omitting <code>thumb</code> and adding <code>right|250px</code> produces a different result: an image without the gray frame that usually holds the image caption (in fact, in this case the image caption is usually invisible): ::: {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" |- | '''Preferred:''' With <code>thumb</code> | [[File:Example.svg|thumb|This image caption is displayed on the screen.]] |- | '''Should generally not be used:''' Without <code>thumb</code>, using <code><nowiki>right|250px</nowiki></code>. Note that the image caption is usually not visible on the screen. | [[File:Example.svg|right|250px|This image caption is usually not visible on the screen.]] |} ::: --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 00:20, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Thanks! Good to know! I've always tried to use "thumb" myself anyway, since it's more efficient—because, by permitting "right" and an indication of size to be omitted, it reduces the potential number of octeti that constitute an article. (I do, however, reduce the size of most images that appear on the ''left,'' and of some ''subsidiary'' images on the right; furthermore, some kinds of images, especially those on the left, like flags & simple symbols, can profitably be minimized, down to "upright=0.5" or even smaller.) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:08, 4 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Formula: Ludus == Salve! I stumbled upon the aforementioned template. It appears to be an old template which has been replaced with {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} in 2013. However 2 articles remain that still use it: [[Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Formula:Ludus]]. I'd suggest someone edited the said articles to use the new template and then delete the old one. {{tl|Ludus}} is rendered in gigantic proportions ruining overall article formatting. Pinging user @[[Usor:UV|UV]] given that he's been the last editor to deal with {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}}. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 03:38, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) : {{fn|Ludus}} and {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}} are identical in the sense that {{fn|Ludus}} redirects to {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}}. There are only three articles that use this template ([https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specialis%3ANexus+ad+paginam&target=Formula%3ACapsa+ludi+electronici&namespace=0]). Generally, I am not too fond of infoboxes (with the exception of those infoboxes that get their content exclusively from Wikidata, see the ''Capsa xyz Vicidata'' templates at [[:Categoria:Formulae Vicidata]]). I prefer an article text with complete Latin sentences to "pieces of information" in an infobox, see e.g. this old discussion here: [[Disputatio Formulae:Capsa hominis/draft]]. If I remember correctly, a consensus formed several years ago '''not to add any new infoboxes that would require local content''', only Vicidata infoboxes that get their content from Wikidata only. That said, I would not object if someone wants to remove the infobox from those three articles. Afterwards, {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}} (and its corresponding redirect, {{fn|Ludus}}) could be deleted. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:49, 5 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:UV|UV]], I was searching for a Wikidata template but I wasn't able to find one for this case. {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} is better than {{tl|Ludus}} in formatting aspects so the hope was for someone to make those 2 articles ( ::''World of Warcraft'' and ''Baldur's Gate'') use the first ones instead of the later one as an immediate solution and then decide what a better absolute solution would be for articles about electronic games in general. Those 2 articles are currently very hard to read because of {{tl|Ludus}}. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:01, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::: I repeat that {{fn|Ludus}} redirects to {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}}. It does so since 2013. The way an article is displayed to the reader will therefore not change (or improve) if {{fn|Ludus}} is being changed to {{fn|Capsa ludi electronici}}. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 17:04, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::@[[Usor:UV|UV]], I know that but the example in {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} looks well-formatted, as opposed to the result that we see on articles. So I thought that was coming because they were utilizing {{tl|Ludus}} or were using characters in a bad manner. But most likely it's because {{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} is outdated itself. So there's no help coming from Wikidata in this case, eh? - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 17:17, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::I guess Wikidata is mentioned because of our biographical (etc.) infoboxes that draw data from Wikidata -- am I right? Computer games bore me, I'm sorry to say, but if Klein Muçi or anyone else wanted to adapt an infobox for computer games, they can of course use these designs. They are native to Vicipaedia (drawing on work done here by several editors). Adapting them to more subject areas, e.g. computer games, can be a very easy thing to do -- if the required data is present at Wikidata. :::::Cur ad Vicidata alludimus? Fortasse propter nostras capsas informationis (biographicas etc.) quae data ex Vicidata extrahunt? De ludis computatralibus laborare nolo (date veniam!), sed si quis designationes Vicipaedicas ad ludos computatrales accommodare vult, aut ad alias disciplinas, certe potest. Facile erit, si data iam apud Vicidata exstant. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:54, 6 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Noting UV's observation that very few Vicipaedia pages call for this template, a better use of time, Klein Muçi (or anyone else), might be to adapt an infobox for films on our existing model. We have many pages that require it. That, also, would probably be a quick task. If you try it, you'll soon see how it works and (who knows?) you might conclude that the model could be transferred to other small wikis. ::::::UV recte supra dicit: perpaucae paginae nostrae capsam de ludis electronicis requirunt. Ergo fortasse melius erit hoc tempore, si quis velit, formularium nostrum capsarum informationis ad usum paginarum de pelliculis cinematographicis accommodare. Facile erit (mea mente). Is qui temptet fortasse idem formularium censebit in alias Vicipaedias minores transferendum esse. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:26, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], I'm a fan of Wikidata but I've never got the chance to utilize its power up until now because the environments (wiki projects) I usually deal with don't give too much freedom in using or creating infoboxes that draw data from out of the project, fearing vandalism issues. Because of that I'd be excited to try and help in what you suggest (the film's infobox). If I have any good results to report, I'll be back here. :::::::In regard to all the {{tl|Ludus}}/{{tl|Capsa ludi electronici}} thing, I was hoping for you to direct me to an already established Wikidata infobox (similar to the one used for bios, etc. as you mention) but apparently it doesn't exist. :::::::And I'd like to really thank you personally for providing the Latin text below your answers. It's an extra step you're taking that's beneficial to many people for many reasons. For me it does help a lot to get better at my Latin reading. I really wish I could reply back in the same language but I lack the courage and the skill to do that. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 13:11, 7 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::Yes, there are problems with the data in Vicidata, including occasional vandalism. That is why I named Vicidata, and added the logo, at the head of the infobox. It's not our data. However, in the great majority of cases, it is a useful supplement to our pages. ::::::::Recte dicis: errores exstant et vandalismus accidit apud Vicidata. Hac ratione nomen et emblema Vicidatorum ad caput capsarum posui, ut qui diceret "Haec data non sunt nostra". Sed plurimis casibus hae capsae res utiles paginis nostris addunt. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:20, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::::::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], I tried dealing with this (studied some Wikidata templates in other wikis) but I couldn't, I'm sorry. Creating a Wikidata template from scratch was a bit too hard for me. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 03:02, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::::I should have explained more fully: the general layout for all these infoboxes is given by [[Formula:Capsa Vicidata]]; the details specific to each topic area -- mainly, the fields at Wikidata from which we draw our data, the way we place it in the box, and the Latin text with which we label it -- are given in a formula for each topic area, for example, [[Formula:Capsa urbis Vicidata]]. Did you see that? But if you prefer I'll have a go at the films myself in a couple of days. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:27, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Novus articulus == Salvete, [[Usor:Llaaww/Sandbox|novum articulum]] scripsi, sed nescio ubi eum submittere, ut revisionatus sit a expertibus et publicari posset. Gratias ago. <br> [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Dispitatio usoris:Llaaww|Disputatio]]) 06:57, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :Vicipaedia, ut in centum miliis commentariorum iam editorum facillime videtur, numeris Romanis annisque A.U.C. non utitur. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:57, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) Multas gratias ago! Articulus creavi. --[[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 17:26, 12 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ==Egregiously missing articles== For reference: these are the articles that Meta says are most egregiously missing from Vicipaedia (as of 16 February 2022), linked to their Q-numbers and titles in English. Adding them will improve [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles our score]. These and the other 2,592 egregiously missing articles (plus the 7,408 most important articles already present) are found [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Paginae_quas_omnibus_Wikipediis_contineri_oportet/Expansio here]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:59, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) {{div col|4}} #<s>[[d:Q81068910|COVID-19 pandemic]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q11254|table salt]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q15083|giraffe]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q13191|orange]]</s> 0 #<s>[[d:Q81|carrot]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q39546|tool]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q18756|UEFA Champions League]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q36442|political science]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q37383|peanut]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q25272|ampere]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q43514|theory of relativity]] 0</s> #[<s>[[d:Q41298|magazine]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q1968|Formula One]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q42804|beard]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q42962|oil]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q41975|Mongols]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q44167|engine]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q901|scientist]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q2005|JavaScript]] 0</s> #[[d:Q36810|quadrilateral]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q41159|rhombus]] 0</s> #[[d:Q122224|birth control]] 0 #[[d:Q131144|Tom and Jerry]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q42240|scientific research]] 0</s> #[[d:Q134859|pertussis]] 0 #[[d:Q40970|International Olympic Committee]] 0 #[[d:Q9448|Premier League]] 0 #[[d:Q47213|Warren Buffett]] 0 #[[d:Q4116214|accounting]] 0 #[[d:Q46303|trapezoid]] 0 #[[d:Q57216|plate]] 0 #[[d:Q155223|National Basketball Association]] 0 #[[d:Q41273|momentum]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q81197|nuclear physics]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q28692|Pimpinella anisum]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q3840065|atomic mass]] 0 #[[d:Q99895|pillow]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q160554|Mohammad Ali Jinnah]] 0</s> #[[d:Q39809|marketing]] 0 #[[d:Q768575|lens]] 0 #[[d:Q41591|Ohm's law]] 0 #[[d:Q29294|Willis Tower]] 0 #[[d:Q1445650|holiday]] 0 #[[d:Q126017|distance]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q6102450|list of chemical elements]] 0</s> #<s>[[d:Q25372|drama]] 0</s> #[[d:Q7313|Yuan Empire]] 0 #[[d:Q43183|insurance]] 0 #[[d:Q385378|construction]] 0 #[[d:Q8799|byte]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q13182|Litchi chinensis]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q165308|pumpkin]] 0 #[[d:Q180600|humidity]] 0 #[[d:Q43015|finance]] 0 #[[d:Q165447|pen]] 0 #[[d:Q27695|Shaka Zulu]] 0 #[[d:Q23757|limestone]] 0 #[[d:Q80732|Tenzing Norgay]] 0 #[[d:Q48282|student]] 0 #[[d:Q47083|ohm]] 0 #[[d:Q83085|Soviet–Afghan War]] 0 #[[d:Q78994|Napoleonic Wars]] 0 #[[d:Q11584|Iker Casillas]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q8475|Interpol]] 0</s> #[[d:Q93189|egg]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q43250|Gestapo]] 0</s> #[[d:Q93196|Bollywood]] 0 #[[d:Q7749|rock and roll]] 0 #[[d:Q47574|unit of measurement]] 0 #[[d:Q34508|video recording]] 0 #[[d:Q129286|British India]] 0 #[[d:Q60235|caffeine]] 0 #[[d:Q80026|erosion]] 0 #[[d:Q75698|Samuel Finley Breese Morse]] 0 #[[d:Q45701|waste]] 0 #[[d:Q174211|organic compound]] 0 #[[d:Q103774|Ravi Shankar]] 0 #[[d:Q132821|murder]] 0 #[[d:Q44980|Alex Ferguson]] 0 #[[d:Q6686|Renault]] 0 #[[d:Q45393|sea piracy]] 0 #[[d:Q19771|G20]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q66|Boeing]] 0</s> #[[d:Q3294789|magnetism]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q134465|Newton's law of universal gravitation]] 0</s> #[[d:Q127920|covalent bond]] 0 #[[d:Q52139|climatology]] 0 #[[d:Q44395|pascal]] 0 #[[d:Q178810|Syrian Civil War]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q7462|Song dynasty]] 0</s> #[[d:Q351|Yellowstone National Park]] 0 #[[d:Q260858|UEFA European Championship]] 0 #[[d:Q35216|Zhou dynasty]] 0 #[[d:Q2920921|management]] 0 #[[d:Q34216|Mossad]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q797848|Babur]] 0</s> #[[d:Q83672|Shah Jahan]] 0 #[[d:Q124164|alternating current]] 0 #[[d:Q82580|friction]] 0 #[[d:Q166747|parliamentary system]] 0 #[[d:Q83460|general]] 0 #[[d:Q46255|geophysics]] 0 #[[d:Q79529|chemical substance]] 0 #[[d:Q42844|major depressive disorder]] 0 #[[d:Q44455|game theory]] 0 #[[d:Q43380|CBS]] 0 #[[d:Q128938|Shang dynasty]] 0 #[[d:Q129104|anthrax]] 0 #[[d:Q40629|Myspace]] 0 #[[d:Q124115|Niels Henrik Abel]] 0 #[[d:Q161439|jewelry]] 0 #[[d:Q11359|Aryabhata]] 0 #[[d:Q108429|archery]] 0 #[[d:Q131089|geodesy]] 0 #[[d:Q101879|weed]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q66065|Sahel]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q42289|degree Fahrenheit]] 0 #[[d:Q10993|Tiger Woods]] 0 #[[d:Q131814|Tina Turner]] 0 #[[d:Q128135|totalitarianism]] 0 #[[d:Q38280|German Shepherd dog]] 0 #[[d:Q80284|viola]] 0 #[[d:Q165950|espionage]] 0 #[[d:Q52090|bourgeoisie]] 0 #[[d:Q133346|border]] 0 #[[d:Q82059|NASDAQ]] 0 #[[d:Q7100|biophysics]] 0 #[[d:Q12129|parsec]] 0 #[[d:Q329888|Allies of the Second World War]] 0 #[[d:Q131572|refugee]] 0 #[[d:Q13974|NBC]] 0 #[[d:Q134817|Abdul Hamid II]] 0 #[[d:Q133500|learning]] 0 #[[d:Q188969|B. B. King]] 0 #[[d:Q1455|field hockey]] 0 #[[d:Q3465|jinn]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q81799|fast food]]</s> 0 #[[d:Q81809|atmospheric pressure]] 0 #[[d:Q12674|Rudolf Diesel]] 0 #[[d:Q16560|palace]] 0 #[[d:Q129279|dysentery]] 0 #[[d:Q80994|adult]] 0 #[[d:Q3803|Lesser Sunda Islands]] 0 #[[d:Q52418|Attack on Pearl Harbor]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q172107|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] 0</s> #[[d:Q11015|snooker]] 0 #[[d:Q482931|Ferenc Puskás]] 0 #[[d:Q62943|Maurya Empire]] 0 #[[d:Q168247|famine]] 0 #[[d:Q13703|Latinoamérica]] 0 #[[d:Q161227|Yalta Conference]] 0 #[[d:Q167178|scabies]] 0 #[[d:Q83462|weightlifting]] 0 #[[d:Q80294|celluloseperronation]] 0 #[[d:Q131761|Humphry Davy]] 0 #[[d:Q169031|glove]] 0 #[[d:Q48422|cadaver]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q131401|caliphate]] 0</s> #[[d:Q52109|geomorphology]] 0 #[[d:Q6241|patriotism]] 0 #[[d:Q7892|drinking water]] 0 #[[d:Q148109|Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] 0 #[[d:Q79602|cyclone]] 0 #[[d:Q614304|pharmacy]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q60052|Gustav Kirchhoff]] 0</s> #[[d:Q130964|small calorie]] 0 #[[d:Q83216|candela]] 0 #[[d:Q127683|incest]] 0 #[[d:Q42798|Borobudur]] 0 #[[d:Q7407|Andre Agassi]] 0 #[[d:Q132325|Ayurveda]] 0 #[[d:Q163943|Druze]] 0 #[[d:Q137056|corrosion]] 0 #[[d:Q134293|dharma]] 0 #[[d:Q51290|harmonica]] 0 #[[d:Q101929|immunology]] 0 #[[d:Q18123741|infectious disease]] 0 #[[d:Q133235|combustion]] 0 #[[d:Q4925193|lie]] 0 #[[d:Q45981|rhythm and blues]] 0 #[[d:Q783794|company]] 0 #[[d:Q159241|direct current]] 0 #[[d:Q162900|Charles Thomson Rees Wilson]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q133641|Age of Discovery]] 0</s> #[[d:Q128160|Cuban Missile Crisis]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q179876|Kingdom of England]] 0</s> #[[d:Q10934|Crab Nebula]] 0 #[[d:Q133696|color blindness]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q82457|William Wallace]] 0</s> #[[d:Q4932206|jurisprudence]] 0 #[[d:Q163415|William Shockley]] 0 #[[d:Q102626|binoculars]] 0 #[[d:Q123737|Emmy Award]] 0 #[[d:Q80019|double bass]] 0 #[[d:Q116|monarch]] 0 #[[d:Q102798|ore]] 0 #<s>[[d:Q73169|Scandinavian Peninsula]]</s> 0 #<s>[[d:Q3253281|pond]] 0</s> #[[d:Q161414|history of Russia]] 0 #[[d:Q11662|Steffi Graf]] 0 {{div col end}} :Some of these articles are actually present in Vicipaeda but are prevented from being registered correctly at Meta by curiosities in interwiki linking. For example, Vicipaedia's "[[Drama (fictio)]]" is the correct match for the English article "Drama," but it's linked to the English page "Dramatic arts," which vicissim redirects to the English article "Drama." Changing Vicipaedia's link so as to bypass the redirect may or may not help. (I'll try that now, but we may not know until mid-March whether this change solves the problem.) Maybe a kind programmer can discover which other articles are wrongly linked and find a way to fix the process. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:10, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::I switched "drama (fictio)" on Vicidata, it seems like it really fits. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:42, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Macte! I'll cross it off the list. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:55, 17 Februarii 2022 (UTC) Illam enumerationem lingua [Graeco]latina explico: has paginas, a [[:meta:|meta]]symmachis nostris nominatas (quia usque adhuc apud nos necessitantur), nobis oportet creare et augere si lauras nancisci cupimus [[:meta:|meta]]cosmicas. Eaedem paginae insuper (quis dubitabit?) utiles erunt lectoribus nostris. Nexus, quos Iacobus supra dedit, ad [[:d:|Vicidata]] dirigunt, ubi -- quando imam in istam paginam te summersus eris -- indicem paginarum apud alias Vicipaedias iam factarum cito reperire potebis. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:25, 18 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :"[[Malum Sinense]]" (''orange''), moleste apuud Vicidata annexum, inter paginas cognatas restitui et ex hac enumeratione expunxi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:00, 18 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Sequentes stipulas conscripsi: [[Gestapo]] 18 Februarii 2022), [[Caliphatus]] (18 Februarii 2022) et [[Mongoli]] (19 Februarii 2022) et modo [[Guillelmus Wallaceus]]--[[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 11:05, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) Now just a minute! Vicipaedia has "[[Stagnum]]," and it links to English "Pond" (#198 above), but Meta doesn't know about that. Maybe someone will investigate. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:06, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :[[Stagnum]] nunc correxi. [Dixit Lesgles.] ::Similarly, Vicipaedia has the article "[[Giraffa]]," and it's linked to English "[[:en:Giraffe|Giraffe]]" (#3 above), but Meta doesn't know about it. More investigation warranted? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:31, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::"Myrias" includes "Northern giraffe", I switched on wikidata, I hope they don't cancel. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 17:40, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ===Theoretical question=== A theoretical question for programmers (in case they're interested): is it possible to figure out why Meta chooses ''these'' topics—out of more than 2500—and lists them ''in this order''? Are the choosing and the sorting random? or is Meta trying to tell us something about the ''relative'' importance of the items listed? Might we reasonably say that the first topic listed is the ''most'' egregiously missing, the second topic listed is the second most egregiously missing, and so forth? Is comparison with other wikis (or one wiki, presumably the English) involved? and if so, how are the comparisons quantified so as to produce a ranked list? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:03, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :Did you give a link to the page at meta where the above list is provided? If not, please do, because that would be where I'd start looking for your answer! Mind you, I don't self-identify as a programmer :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:10, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Yes, a link is there, but [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles ''here it is again!''] I'm not a programmer either, though I wasn't unfamiliar with BASIC and FORTRAN in antediluvian times. An unasked question is whether it's (somehow) better to do "Giraffe" (#3) next, or "Steffi Graf" (#200), and if so, why. Computationally (quantitatively), the order shouldn't make a difference, but when the wikis are compared, maybe it does? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:03, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::No, sorry, there something I don't grasp yet. That link is to a list of Wikipedias (which I know quite well). Where do they provide the list of 200 missing articles that you have just pasted above? That seems to be what you're talking about. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:26, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::OK, I've got it now. If anyone else wants to find it, the real link is [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles/Shortest#la_Latina here!] [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:31, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Oh. ''That'' list! Well, now you've got it! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:39, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Right, Iacobe. Your answer is this. For wikis that have all, or nearly all, of the 10,000 articles already, the list shows the 200 shortest of them as they stand on each wiki, in ascending order of size, with a digit showing the number of words in each. Where one or more articles are entirely absent from a wiki, the names of those articles (quite logically) come first in each list, with the digit "0" following, meaning "no words". For wikis that lack more than 200 of the 10,000 articles, the list shows a random 200 names of absent articles, all followed by "0"; there is no rationale behind the selection, and no rationale in the order. ::::We lack about 2,500 of the articles, so this list of 200 may be of no great value (no, I'm wrong there, because it has persuaded some of us to write new articles!) If anyone disagrees with my diagnosis, please say. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:50, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::It turns out that the order of items in the list is ''not'' random, and there ''is'' a rationale behind the selection and the order. This month's list (published today) shows Vicipaedia's still-missing articles in almost exactly the same order as last month's. (That wouldn't happen in a new random selection.) A note on Meta's talk page tells us why (emphasis added): "The absent articles are sorted with ''the most popular first.'' So you get the 200 most popular articles that are absent in each Wikipedia. Popularity is here counted by number of languages that have the article." Therefore, it seems that, to improve the project the most, we should concentrate on topics at the ''start'' of this list and proceed downward from there. That's not to say that our volunteers shouldn't continue to "do their own thing" with other topics. :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:57, 16 Martii 2022 (UTC) ::::::This means that right now, the most important of the missing topics are (in descending order of importance): ::::::#<s>[[d:Q25272|ampere]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q18756|UEFA Champions League]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q36442|political science]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q41298|magazine]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q43514|theory of relativity]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q1968|Formula One]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q42962|oil]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q44167|engine]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q901|scientist]]</s> ::::::#<s>[[d:Q2005|JavaScript]]</s> ::::::Of course, adding ''any'' of the 2550 missing topics will improve the score. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:05, 16 Martii 2022 (UTC) :::::::I'm glad you discovered that. It is heartening to learn that there is a logic to the arrangement :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:33, 16 Martii 2022 (UTC) ::::::::Now that we know how Meta ranks the items in the list, it occurs to me that addressing those items in the order of their descending importance—scilicet in the order of their descending publicity—may help attract more visitors to Vicipaedia from other wikis. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:49, 2 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) Latine brevissime verto: Iacobus de ratione enumerationis, quam ipse supra inseruit, quaeret. Ego originem enumerationis non sine peripetiis repperi; quo facto perspexi selectionem ordinemque titulorum e nulla ratione humana oriri statui. (Si erravi, s.v.p. dicite!) Nihilominus utile fuit quia persuademur ut paginas novas gravitudine haud minimas creemus. Enumerationem omnium paginarum desideratissimarum, ab humanis selectarum, [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Wikipediis contineri oportet/Expansio|hic]] habemus. Paginarum, quae a Vicipaedia Latina absunt, titulum Anglicum ibi videmus. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:03, 20 Februarii 2022 (UTC) [[Regnum Angliae]] conscripsi.--[[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 07:18, 30 Martii 2022 (UTC) "[[Magazina]]" and "[[Theoria relativitatis]]" have been converted from redirects; will Meta understand and give us credit in its rankings? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:12, 5 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :Presumably you need to ensure that the Wikidata entry is updated with the link to the la.wikipedia page for it to be detected in the next analysis? I checked for the 'oil' page for instance, as well as the two articles above, and this is missing. -[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:26, 11 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::Isn't that supposed to happen automatically? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 22:56, 11 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::I could be wrong but … how would a machine programmatically be able to match them up? Possibly by a link to the English or another language page, but that could be misleading. But if someone has other information, that'd be good to know. -18:16, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:16, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::::PS: it seems that @[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] is generally adding the latin pages to Wikidata entries, looking at the history on the WD enties. -[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:44, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::::Yes, "Magazina" and "Theoria relativitatis" I tied today, "Oleum" was already tied. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 18:59, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::::::It's nice of you to do that for Iacobus, Demetri. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:30, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::::::For the oils, are both links there? One should go to "[[Oleum]]" ("Olive oil"), and the other should go to "[[Oleum (generale)]]" ("Oil"). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:18, 12 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::::::If anyone is interested about my experience with this subject, I might add that that list was once one of the most talked about lists in the whole Wikimedia community. I remember when we would have the exact same discussions as the one here in my homewiki (SqWiki). Completing the list became the central aim of most of our work, each user only choosing articles from that list if they wanted to write something new (according to their subjects of interest). This lasted for quite some years. Then later, somewhat strangely, it started falling into obscurity for us and, take my words with a grain of salt, in a global scale. I don't know exactly what happened that its popularity faded. Maybe it was because there was only so much a community could try about writing 10k articles before they gave up (that's more than 1/10 of our total number of articles written in around 20 years, 1/10 of which with the help of robots), maybe we (and the other projects) did indeed create most of its articles and that allowed them to give it a rest, maybe it was because a lot of lists started popping up with similar aims but more subject oriented some time after that list reached its peak fame, some of them with a literal infinite number of articles (so much that they created a bot for generating them: [[w:en:User:ListeriaBot|ListeriaBot]]), maybe it was because no one really wasn't sure of the answers of the same questions that were asked in this discussion but something happened and it had been literal years without me encountering those lists. :::::::Something that may also tangentially touch this matter is [[w:en:Abastract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]], a project which basically aims to use artificial intelligence aspects to auto-generate articles in every possible language if that article exists in one language (most likely English). :::::::So all in all in my personal, maybe wrong, belief, I'd say that you shouldn't feel constrained to finish the list and only work on it because a) it may be only "a random list" in "the bigger scheme of things" and b) ideally speaking, "soon enough" AW will most likely change a lot of ways about how we feel and think about article numbers and translations. That said, if dealing with it motivates you, go for it and be sure that your help will be appreciated by people reading those articles eventually. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 09:15, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::::::::The lists are hardly random, but nevertheless, they're terribly flawed. Of the 2000 people collected under "Homines," a more careful evaluation (by well-informed experts) would replace several ''hundred'' with individuals more important "in the greater scheme of things." But the fact that the lists have a bias toward ''popularity'' (rather than historical impartiality) may be precisely what makes them useful at this stage of the project's development—in potentially attracting readers! Far more people are going to want to read in modern languages about, say, Marshall Mathers than about (ahem) [[Azteca diabolica|diabolic Panamian ants]], or [[Ioannes de Cárdenas (medicus)|sixteenth-century Mexican professors]], or [[Caychax|French villages that have eleven residents]], and in so reading, they're going to have a greater chance of noticing & visiting Vicipaedia if Vicipaedia has [[Eminem|an article about the aforesaid Marshall Mathers]]. Not to say that we contributors shouldn't continue addressing topics that interest us, whether they be rare ants, long-dead professors, or out-of-the-way crossroads (and authoritative texts on such subjects, especially if they offer more than can be found in vernacular wikis, will indeed have no little utility!), but those with time available might want to consider the public service of building the encyclopedia in such a way as to make it the most attractive to the most people, ''right now.'' As for the future, we should have no doubt that our efforts here, within a few decades, will be utterly undone by programs guided by artificial intelligence. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:15, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ===Top-viewed articles=== As for Vicipaedia's [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/top-viewed-articles/normal|table|last-month|(access)~desktop*mobile-app*mobile-web|monthly top-viewed articles], it appears that any text with S-E-X in its title must be highly attractive! (That and being a Catalonian political activist.) Also, it appears that Vicipaedia gets [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/page-views-by-country/normal|map|last-month|(access)~desktop*mobile-app*mobile-web|monthly more pageviews from India] than from any other country. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:48, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :Hmm. Notice also the amount of interest coming from [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/page-views-by-country/normal|map|last-month|(access)~desktop*mobile-app*mobile-web|monthly that large European-Asian country] that figures prominently in the news these days. Could that be because of interest in the ongoing "[[praecipua negotia militaria]]"? If so, it might behoove the ablest contributors to improve the Latinity of pertinent articles, particularly [[Incursio Russica in Ucrainam (2022)|''this one'']]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:58, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) == Motio novi articuli == Salvete! Versio articuli de [[systema periodicum extensum ultra septimum periodum|systemate periodico extenso ultra septimum periodum]] scripsi. Id movi a vetero nomine (harenarium meum) ad novum nomen, sed cum inspicio aliae linguae, mihi dicitur articulum non existere in alias linguas. Sed verum non est! Anglice, articulum nominatur ''[[:en:Extended periodic table|Extended periodic table]]''. Quomodo hoc rectum facere possum?--[[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 16:39, 25 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :Novam paginam apud Vicidata addere necesse est: id quod nuper feci. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:10, 25 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Gratias ago. Vidi latinitatem corrigendam esse: quidne erratum est? Si possum, volo eam corrigere... [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 17:20, 27 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Si rationem nescis, historiam paginae inspice. Quis hanc notitiam imposuit? Ad paginam disputationis illius usoris quaerere potes. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:45, 27 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Clarus. Gratias ago. Sed nunc [[Hardvell|aliam paginam creavi]] et idem problema habeo. Possum id resolvere solum an auxilium magistrati petere debeo? Nescio quomodo id facere, si a mihi fieri potest, aliquis hoc mihi explicare potest? Multas gratias ago. [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 18:35, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::::Pagina nova iam creata et servata, i ad paginam de eadem re apud aliam Vicipaediam; e.g. [[:en:Robbert van de Corput]]. Ad sinistram marginem reperi lineam "Edit links". Imprime. Ad pedem paginae Vicidata rubricam "Vicipaedia" reperi. Imprime "edit". Ad pedem columnae, in spatium vacuum, scribe "lat". Selige "Latine". Fac "Tab". Incipe nomen paginae tuae scribere, "Hardv " ... Selige "Hardvell". Imprime "publish". Omnes, non magistratus tantum, id facere possunt -- sed NB necesse est novam paginam tuam antea creavisse et servavisse. Paginae futurae non accipiuntur. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:38, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::::Optime! Permultas gratias ago! [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 07:48, 1 Martii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Quando primum facis, difficile esse videtur; postea facile (id spero). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:42, 1 Martii 2022 (UTC) ==Dē additiōne linguae graecae== Χαίρετε! Magistrātus [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/grc Vicipaediae graecae] sum et volō rogāre sī translātiōnem graecē ubi "Participātiō tua" in pāginā prīmā dicat addere possīmus. Translātiōnem egō sānē faciam. Crēdō, quod linguae latīna et graeca longam et propinquam historiam habent, illam additiōnem bonam fore. (Ignōscite mihi sī latinē bene nōn scrīpsī) --[[Usor:PastelKos|PastelKos]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:PastelKos|disputatio]]) 12:14, 13 Martii 2022 (UTC) :[[Vicipaedia:Ops_nexusque_usoribus_novis/de|Talem paginam]] Attice versam proponis? Cur non, nihil obstat, ut mihi videtur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 14:34, 15 Martii 2022 (UTC) == the ''vandal'' == Those of you who sometimes watch recentchanges may over the last few weeks have noticed a vandal adding italic formatting to entire pages. Since the problem has now been recurring for some time, I have earlier today implemented a measure to prevent '''anonymous''' users whose IP address starts with 2001:4454:6 from adding italic formatting to pages. They can at this time still create a user account and/or log in (and then add formatting). The [{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchFilter=3}} logs] tell me that just two hours after I implemented this, the vandal arrived, tried five times in vain to add italic formatting to our page [[Gallia]] and left again ;-) Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 23:59, 21 Martii 2022 (UTC) :Thanks. — Vandals' motives are usually clear, but in this case they are not. What's the point of making the whole page in italics? I even thought it was some kind of lost bot. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:58, 22 Martii 2022 (UTC) ::@UV, it's back, under the name of Регистриране. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:41, 2 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ==Doubled number of visitors== Just checking the Vicipaedia stats, I see that vistor numbers have [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews/?platform=all-access&source=pageviews&agent=user&start=2015-07&end=2022-02&sites=la.wikipedia.org doubled in the last 4 months], from around 750,000-1 million views a month, to around 1.4 million; peaking at 1.8m in Feb. (see also [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org/reading/total-page-views/normal|bar|all|~total|monthly wikimedia stats tool]; gives a different but similar story of increased traffic.) This looks like something changed in the accessibility of the site from Wikipedia generally - does anyone know what this might relate to? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:17, 25 Martii 2022 (UTC) :I don't know the real answer, Jim, but I think I have noticed in recent days that searching for Latin on Google brings up fewer pages of imitations and mirrors of Latin Vicipaedia, more pages of the real Latin Vicipaedia. If this is true, possibly the algorithm of Google as applied to "minor" languages has changed a tiny bit. :Responsum haud bene scio, {{ping|JimKillock}}, sed observavi paginas imitationum speculorumque Vicipaediae Latinae minus, paginas verae Vicipaediae Latinae nostrae plus, quaerentibus apud Google in his diebus monstratas esse. Si id verum sit, fortassse algorithmus Googlensis, linguis "minoribus" applicatus, levissime mutatus est. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:56, 27 Martii 2022 (UTC) == Hello Anyone can help me please. edit Mirette El Hariri page correct translate Thanks. == https://la.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirette_El_Hariri#curriculo ==ALPES aut VALEAMUS== Grex novus Metae de linguis antiquis, [[meta:ALPES_Ancient_Language_Promotion,_Education_and_Support|ALPES]], sive ''Ancient Language Promotion, Education and Support'', nomen alterum eget; debet ''Wicimedianos'' aut ''Wicimediae'' uti. Ergo VALEAMUS proponitur, (anglice ''Wikimedians for Ancient Language Education Assistance Mutual Undertakings and Support''); placet aut non placet vobis? --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:58, 30 Martii 2022 (UTC) : Mihi placet. --[[Usor:Maria.martelli|Maria.martelli]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Maria.martelli|disputatio]]) 18:55, 30 Martii 2022 (UTC) :Sententia alia? Si non placet vobis, aut non bonum est, dicete quaeso! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:05, 3 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ==Neglected articles among the 1000 most important== According to the latest survey (6 April 2022), these are the ten most neglected articles among [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_sample_of_articles/Neglected#la_Latina the 1000 most important articles], with their sizes in number of bytes: {{div col|2}} #<s>[[d:Q7889|video game]] ([[la:Ludus televisificus|1222]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q794|Iran]] ([[la:Irania|5431]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q252|Indonesia]] ([[la:Indonesia|4171]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q869|Thailand]] ([[la:Thailandia|4749]])</s> #[[d:Q10693|periodic table]] ([[la:Systema periodicum|5452]]) #<s>[[d:Q881|Vietnam]] ([[la:Vietnamia|5342]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q1033|Nigeria]] ([[la:Nigeria|2494]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q5113|bird]] ([[la:Aves|4130]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q2831|Michael Jackson]] ([[la:Michael Jackson|4897]])</s> #<s>[[d:Q974|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ([[la:Res publica democratica Congensis|6461]])</s> {{div col end}} That's to say that the discrepancy between the sizes of Vicipaedia's essays on these subjects and the sizes that the other wikis expect them to be is the greatest among the 1000 most important subjects. (A couple of other criteria may also be in play.) In short: these are the topics that Wikilandia hopes we'll enlarge the most. We'll get 0.03 points for pushing them above the 10,000-character level and 0.05 more points for then pushing them above the 30,000-character level. ¶ Additionally, Vicipaedia lost 0.07 points in March, probably because someone reduced two articles below the 10,000-character level, but until [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/1000_Paginae_epitome the pertinent program] is rerun, we probably can't know which articles they are. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:28, 7 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :I've boosted "[[Lusus magnetoscopicus|Video game]]" above the 8K and 10K cutoffs and in so doing have found an attestation prior to the previously cited one. Attention to the other listed articles (as with many small articles on big subjects) may turn up other surprises. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:35, 13 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::Commentarius de [[aves|avibus]] hodie augetur. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:52, 8 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Simple Latin == Salvete! I was checking the [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incubator:Main_Page Mediawiki Incubator] now and I noticed that there exists a [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wy/la Wikivoyage version in Latin]. I was thinking to myself, what if it existed a simple version of Latin, similar to [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page this]. That version was created, among other reasons, for people that wanted to learn English. The same rationale could be applied for Latin.<br> Now, I do understand that creating a new Wiki from scratch is no easy deal. But I was inspired by what I found from Wikivoyage. "Wouldn't Simple Latin be 'more important' from an utilitarian point of view than Latin Wikivoyage?" I'm still aware how hard would such a feat would be (especially knowing that beside English, no other simple language version currently exists) but I was curious to know your opinions on it anyway. :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 06:58, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) :Everything is feasible, I suppose. The question is, prior to starting a wiki, [[:en:Linguistics|linguists]] and latinists would have to define what ''simple latin'' is. [[:en:Basic English|Simpe english]] is defined and known. For latin, I think never such a work has been done. Never heard of it, at least. Yet, both the ideas of a ''simple latin'' and a corresponding wiki are very interesting. [[Usor:Pápiliunculus|Pápiliunculus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pápiliunculus|disputatio]]) 07:24, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::How would Simple Latin look like? Non-Ciceronian Latin, like the Latin used in Hungary until 1844, in the Catholic Church or in [[Latinitas neoscholastica|neoscholastic philosophical articles]] isn't really Ciceronian Latin, however, I wouldn't call this language 'simple' either. --[[Usor:Martinus000001|Martinus Vester]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Martinus000001|disputatio]]) 09:57, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::A foundational step would be to assemble the words of highest frequency. The Simple English wiki uses about 1500 words (and their grammatical variants) based on the 850 words of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_English Basic English]. Searching the internet will reveal several basic Latin lists, of which [http://johnpiazza.net/latin/colloquial-frequency/ this] is an example. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:28, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::::Following up the comment by {{Ping|Pápiliunculus}}, I'd suggest that for Wikimedia to create Simple Latin would be original research. I'd also suggest that, given the fairly small number of enthusiastic editors of Vicipaedia, to split our effort into two Vicipaedias instead of one would be unwise. ::::I and a couple of other Vicipaedians did the initial work on Vicivia, to see whether others wanted to join in. No one did. For exactly the reason I have just given, I now think that those who didn't join in were correct, and we do better to focus our effort on Vicipaedia. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:35, 5 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::::Glad we had this conversation. I found out two things by it: :::::# The creators of Vikivia are active here; :::::# Simple English has well-defined rules :::::There have been times where Simple English hasn't been defined as a language on its own but rather a method to learn a certain language or to even just provide technical facilities. For those interested in knowing more what I'm talking about there is [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump (technical)/Archive 196#Wikipedia enhanced|this link here]]. But now that I'm sure it is an individual language, the hopes of creating "Simple Latin" are almost 0. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 00:18, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::::::You can always consult [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_sine_flexione Interlingua] if you like! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 01:06, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::::::Oh... So "simple Latin" does exist. Interesting... - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:10, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) :::But, it is more understandble, and that it is very important... I am certain that the munus of a language it is not be difficult, but must be understandble and flexible... for example, Latin accept, grammerly, to script "Rosa Rosae", "Rosae rosa" and " Rosa de rosis", but you accept the last one? [[Specialis:Conlationes/88.214.161.198|88.214.161.198]] 02:59, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::::*correction "Rosa de illis rosis" [[Specialis:Conlationes/88.214.161.198|88.214.161.198]] 03:02, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) : Es gibt bereits genügend Artikel in der Latein-Wikipedia, die in sehr simplem Latein verfaßt sind! - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 14:09, 13 Maii 2022 (UTC) ::Haha. Stimmt! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:47, 13 Maii 2022 (UTC) ==Formula:Math== In commentario de "[[momentum|momento]]" deficit <nowiki>{{Formula:Math}}</nowiki>. Do we have a kind programmer who'll make it work? Fortasse noster @Klein Muçi? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:16, 10 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Redactio inanis? == Cur redactio mea nuntiorum nuper facta in pagina prima non apparet?[[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 21:02, 14 Maii 2022 (UTC) :Video ego: fortasse et tu? Interdum, quando paginam mutavisti, utile est in pabulatro (''browser'') tuo visionem renovare. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:22, 15 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Placentinus omnibus s.p.d. == Salvete omnes! Nondum me vobis ostendi. Ego Placentinus sum, sed saepius Logodaedalus vocor in rete mundano, propter hoc nomen meum mutare velim, si quaestio non est. In animo habeo omnes paginas de scaccis emendare et nova addere. Utinam bene vertat. Curate ut valeatis! --[[Usor:Placentinus|Placentinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Placentinus|disputatio]]) 17:27, 24 Maii 2022 (UTC) :Salve! Bene te convenire --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:45, 8 Iunii 2022 (UTC) == Latin expressions - articles == Salvete! Would it make sense to have articles about common Latin expressions like "divide et impera", "et cetera", etc.? I would think those could be a nice addition but I struggled to find such articles already written so I thought a discussion about them could be a good thing to have. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 01:56, 11 Iunii 2022 (UTC) :Nice to see you again, {{Ping|Klein Muçi}}. There are some articles of that kind already: you would find them via [[:Categoria:Locutiones Latinae]], also maybe [[:Categoria:Abbreviationes Latinae]]. More such articles is a very good idea. They have to be more than dictionary entries (which belong in Victionarium): information about who first used the expression and about later uses, for example, would fit the bill. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:57, 11 Iunii 2022 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], hello! ::Yes, that's what I meant. Thank you! :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:43, 11 Iunii 2022 (UTC) == Page Translatio == Salve! Volo te interrogare, ut cicero [[Rudolfus Schumann|paginae]] in latinum. Articulus continet pagina, et '[[:arz:رودولف شومان|Turcicum]]'' et [https://gosti.retroportal.ru/rudolf_shuman_kompozitor_intervyu.html Russian?][http://takt-magazine.ru/rudolf-shuman-ozersk-ya-rad-chto-rodilsya-imenno-zdes] . Forsitan poterit ad transferendum. Gratias tibi in antecessum! == How to translate or translitterate "influencing" to Latin? == "influentium"? [[Specialis:Conlationes/88.214.161.198|88.214.161.198]] 02:33, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :This is a fair example of the fact that many of the transferred senses that modern languages have developed from classical Latin roots didn't exist in classical Latin. A participle based on ''influ-'' in classical Latin conveys the idea of 'inflowing, flowing in (upon), streaming in, rushing in'—nothing at all about 'influencing' (as we understand it). The aptest one-word Latin participle for 'influencing', if you must have one, may be ''movens,'' but Latin has several other ways of conveying the idea of 'to influence', for example ''valere apud X'' 'to have strength upon X' and ''magnum posse apud X'' 'to have the ability of greatness upon X'. ¶ For a modern Latin word formed backward (in the nineteenth century, out of medieval models) from ''influ-,'' see the article on "[[influentia]]," the flu, supposedly indeed originating in influence—from the moon or the stars! ¶ Your ''influentium'' is a genuine classical Latin word, a present participle in the genitive plural case, meaning 'of things flowing in'. It's not a neuter singular noun. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:18, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Recte dicis, Iacobe. ::v. "moveo" (sicut suggeris), "inspiro"? n. "motus", "inspiratio"? n. agentis "inspirator, inspiratrix"? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:33, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::: secto ? imitor ? adduco ? it depends on the context --[[Usor:Maria.martelli|Maria.martelli]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Maria.martelli|disputatio]]) 18:01, 8 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::::si agitur de nomine, non de verbo temporali: ''potentia'', ''momentum''. - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 05:25, 9 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :::::Ita vero, et non solum illa verba, sed etiam ''auctoritas'' et ''gratia'' et ''pondus'' atque adeo (quod attinet ad numina) ''afflatus divinus'' et ''instinctu divino.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:07, 9 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ==Down for maintenance== Working in the harenarium, I just spent an hour drafting a new article, but when I clicked to publish it, the wiki system said "Oops!" (literally!) and announced that it was down for maintenance and I should try again. Well, maybe, but not today. The text has disappeared. [Insert grumpy icon here.] [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:21, 19 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ==Cladi in capsis taxinomicis?== How to print clades in taxoboxes? In the article "[[Oxaeinae]]," for example, neither "clade," nor "cladus," nor "unranked_clade," nor "unranked_cladus," nor "unranked_superfamily," nor "unranked_superfamilia" works. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:31, 23 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :Insere "unranked_familia" (id, hoc casu, nuper feci ego). Huic regulae simplici (!) obtempera: si cladum ante "X" inserere vis, tempta "unranked_X". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:47, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Well, but it's printing ''above'' the superfamilia. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:31, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :::Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:54, 25 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ==Newfangled format for initial disputatio pages== (As I've remarked elsewhere:) Vicipaedia is now using a newfangled format for initial disputatio pages; its text is in English, and what it prints is unsightly (or at least ungainly). What's the magistrates' rationale for implementing this change? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:06, 23 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :I'm not aware of any change. I see the same as before when starting a disputatio page. :De tali mutatione nihil scio. Quando paginam disputationis incipio, eandem "fenestram" video quam antea vidi. [Re vera -- confiteor -- mutationem iam diu vidi et (meo casu) curavi ... quo facto, oblitus sum.] [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:37, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Nihilominus methodum medendi (an utilem?) in pagina disputationis Iacobi nostri proposui. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:23, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :::It's definitely new in the past few weeks. Somebody has done something. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:33, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::::Qui novam methodum paginarum disputationis creandarum reicere velit (sicut ego iam diu feci) potest # ad "modos" vel praeferentias suas ire (vide caput omnis paginae Vicpaedicae) # "edit screen" vel "recensere" seligere # ad pedem illius paginae, iuxta "Open the wikitext editor", in punctum imprimere # modos vel praeferentias suas, ita recensas, servare. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:52, 25 Iulii 2022 (UTC) == De arte mediaevali == In Vicipaedia Latina quattuor paginae artem mediaevalem describunt, quarum binae idem tractant: [[opus francigenum]] = [[ars Gothica]], [[opus romanum]] = [[ars Romanica]]. Praeterea est pagina [[ars Romana]] de arte Romanorum antiquorum. Sine ulla dubitatione res repurganda est, sed quomodo id fiat deliberari necesse est, scilicet utrum verbum "modernum" (Gothica, Romanica) an antiquius (opus francigenum, opus Romanum) praeferendum sit. Quamquam animo pendens ad "Gothica" et "Romanica" inclino, haec verba hominibus huius aetatis facilius intellectu iisdemque discrimen inter artem antiquam et posteriorem clariorem esse arbitratus. [[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 15:19, 1 Augusti 2022 (UTC) :Commentariius de "[[Opus francigenum|opere francigeno]]" non est idem cum commentario de "[[ars Gothica|arte Gothica]]": hic [[:en:Gothic art|Gothic art]]," ille "[[:en:Gothic architecture|Gothic architecture]]" est. Ambo inter illas 10&thinsp;000 paginas magni momenti numerantur. "[[Opus romanum]]" = "[[:en:Romanesque architecture|Romanesque architecture]]," sed "[[ars Romanica]]" = "[[:en:Romanesque art|Romanesque art]]" (etiam inter illas paginas legitur). Omnes (quattuor) commentarii conservandi sunt. "[[:en:Roman art|Roman art]]" et "[[:en:Ancient Roman architecture|Ancient Roman architecture]]" sunt aliae res. De ''sex'' notionibus diversis hic disputamus. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:29, 1 Augusti 2022 (UTC) ::Gratias tibi ago pro explicatione. "Roman art" apud nos est [[Ars Romana]], "Ancient Roman architecture" [[Architectura Romana]].--[[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 16:46, 1 Augusti 2022 (UTC) :::Ratio selectionis titulorum (si bene memini) haec fuit: "opus Francigenum" et "opus Romanum" sunt vera termina technica Latina in fontibus mediaevalibus vel recentioribus, praesertim de architectura, usitata. Certe nomina Latina in aliis fontibus reperta praeferere licet: si autem nomina Latina fontibus corroborata reicere volumus, nomina a nobis ficta substituentes, debemus pellucide explicare. Nomen "Gothicum" tardius introductum est, et, sicut scimus, historiae huius periodi aegre consonat -- aedificatores non Gothi fuerunt! Sed eandem rem de termino "opus romanum" dicere possum ... :::<s>An aliqui scriptores Latini verbum "Gothicum" sensu artistico iam adhibiti sunt, nescio.</s> Iam vidi citationem verborum "stilo Gothico" a pontifice scriptorum: ibi certe fontem habemus. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:39, 2 Augusti 2022 (UTC) ::::Id, quod velim, non est, ut certis verbis utamur, sed potius, ut verba lectori clare ac distincte communicent, de quo commentarius disserat. Ars Romana (aut opus Romanum) mihi ambigua esse videtur: De arte antiqua aut mediaevali agitur? Quid de commentario [[Architectura Romana]]? Si "Francigenum", ut videtur, "Gothico" praeferendum sit, fortasse et [[Ars Gothica]] "ars Francigena" appelletur. Praeterea ars Gothica cum opere francigeno aequatur (vide textum commentarii [[Ars Gothica|artis Gothicae]]) - hi duo commentarii autem inter se differant.--[[Usor:Utilo|Utilo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Utilo|disputatio]]) 22:18, 2 Augusti 2022 (UTC) 5t3zvjdkh5hpexl0prtns6jx41anqb2 0 302659 3695830 3683996 2022-08-02T20:55:29Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Billeterie - Monaco Anime Game Show - P1560505.jpg|thumb|Diribitorium in Espace Grimaldi in [[Principatus Monoeci|Principatu Monoeci]].]]{{pagina non annexa}} '''Diribitorium tesserarum'''<ref>[[Carolus Egger]], ''[[Lexicon recentis Latinitatis|Lexicon Recentis Latinitatis]]''</ref> est mensa ubi tesserae viariae emptoribus venduntur quae ius, admissionem vel rem emptam testantur. Utra parte stat venditor tesserarum, utra emptor. Antiquo tempore, Diribitoria simplicius 'mensae' saepe vocabantur.<ref>[[Felix Gaffiot]], ''[[Lexicon Gaffiot]]''</ref> == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Documenta]] [[Categoria:Mercatura]] [[Categoria:Vectura]] 8ds5lr29cy9ejkxml3d1tyh4yn3pn8h 2 302832 3695821 3686014 2022-08-02T20:29:58Z CleverBrownie 88811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#babel:nl|en-4|la-3|fr-2|grc-2|}} Meo lectori salutem dico, Linguis Latina et Graeca omissis me habent artes linguisticae generalis et historica ac philosophiae fundamenta ac carmina ac theoria litterarum. A me contributa fecunda sint! hvk6citpqwu2l5g71b36r3d7wzsakjf 0 302853 3695806 3693394 2022-08-02T19:48:16Z Petrus Tectander 55452 vicificatio wikitext text/x-wiki == Episcopi [[Hola|Holenses]] Catholici ante Reformationem<ref>Finnur Jónsson, ''Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae'' I-II, Hafniae: G. Giese Salicath, 1772–1774.</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !munere functus !nomen (plerumque Islandice) !nomen Latinum !natione !annotationes |- |- |1106–1121 |Jón Ögmundsson |[[Ionas Ogmundi filius]] |Islandus | |- |1122–1145 |Ketill Þorsteinsson |Ketillus Thorsteini filius |Islandus | |- |1147–1162 |Björn Gilsson |Biornus Gilsi filius |Islandus | |- |1163–1201 |Brandur Sæmundsson |Brandus Saemundi filius |Islandus | |- |1203–1237 |Guðmundur ''góði'' Arason |Gudmundus ''Bonus'' Arii filius |Islandus | |- |1238–1247 |Bótólfur |Botolphus |Norvegus | |- |1247–1260 |Heinrekur Kársson |Henricus Kari (vel Caroli) filius |Norvegus | |- |1263–1264 |Brandur Jónsson |Brandus Ionae filius |Islandus | |- |1267–1313 |Jörundur Þorsteinsson |Iorundus Thorsteini filius |Islandus | |- |1313–1322 |Auðunn ''rauði'' Þorbergsson |Audinus ''Rufus'' Thorbergi filius |Norvegus | |- |1324–1331 |Lárentíus Kálfsson |Laurentius Kalfi filius |Islandus | |- |1332–1341 |Egill Eyjólfsson |Egillus Eiulfi filius |Islandus | |- |1342–1356 |Ormur Ásláksson |Ormus Aslaki filius |Norvegus | |- |1358–1390 |Jón ''skalli'' Eiríksson |Ionas ''Calvus'' Erici filius |Norvegus | primus episcopus Holensis a Papa ordinatus |- |1391–1411 |Pétur Nikulásson |Petrus Nicolai filius |Danus | |- |1411–1423 |Jón Tófason (Henriksson) |Ionas Tovae filius |Danus (?), Suecus (?) | |- |1425–1435 |Jón Vilhjálmsson Craxton |Ionas Vilhelmi filius |Anglus | |- |1435–1440 |Jón Bloxwich | |Anglus |cathedram numquam adiit |- |1441 |Robert Wodborn | |Anglus |cathedram numquam adiit |- |1442–1457 |Gottskálk Keneksson |Gotskalkus |Norvegus | |- |1458–1460 |Mattheus |Matthaeus |alienigena |consecratio eius incerta est |- |1460–1495 |Ólafur Rögnvaldsson |Olaus Rognvaldi filius |Islandus | |- |1496–1520 |Gottskálk ''grimmi'' Nikulásson |Gotskalkus ''Crudelis'' Nicolai filius |Norvegus | |- |1524–1550 |Jón Arason |Ionas Arii filius |Islandus | |} == Episcopi [[Hola|Holanae]] dioeceseos Lutherani<ref>Finnur Jónsson, ''Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae'' III-IV, Hafniae: G. Giese Salicath, 1775–1778; Pétur Pétursson, ''Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae ab anno 1740 ad annum 1840,'' Hafniae: B. Luno, 1841.</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !munere functus !nomen (plerumque Islandice) !nomen Latinum !natione !annotationes |- |- |1552–1569 |Ólafur Hjaltason |Olaus Hialti filius |Islandus | |- |1571–1627 |Guðbrandur Þorláksson |[[Gudbrandus Thorlacius]] |Islandus | |- |1628–1656 |Þorlákur Skúlason |Thorlacus Skulonius |Islandus | |- |1657–1684 |Gísli Þorláksson |Gislaus Thorlacius |Islandus | |- |1684–1690 |Jón Vigfússon |Ionas Vigfusius |Islandus | |- |1692–1696 |Einar Þorsteinsson |Einarus Thorsteini filius |Islandus | |- |1697–1710 |Björn Þorleifsson |Biornus Thorleifi filius |Islandus | |- |1711–1739 |Steinn Jónsson |Steinus Ionaeus |Islandus | |- |1741–1745 |Ludvig Harboe |Ludovicus Harboe |Danus | |- |1746–1752 |Halldór Brynjólfsson |Halldorus Bryniulfi filius |Islandus | |- |1755–1779 |Gísli Magnússon |Gislius Magni filius |Islandus | |- |1780–1781 |Jón Teitsson |Ionas Teiti filius |Islandus | |- |1784–1787 |Árni Þórarinsson |Arnas Thorarini filius |Islandus | |- |1789–1798 |Sigurður Stefánsson |Sigurdus Stephani filius |Islandus |ultimus episcoporum Holensium |} ==Nexus interni== * [[Episcopi Scalholtenses]] * [[Index formarum Latinarum nominum Islandicorum|Index formarum Latinarum hominum Islandicorum]] ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Indices episcoporum]] [[Categoria:Historia Islandiae]] iwbblvab8xqww8nowj60slgy5tjmac2 0 302890 3695861 3687728 2022-08-03T11:41:47Z IacobusAmor 1163 apellato→appellato (mendum immortale) &c &c &c. wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} [[Fasciculus:1925-01-13, El Liberal, Ricardo Fuente, Ángel de la Fuente (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ricardus Fuente..]] '''Ricardus Fuente Asensio''' ([[Matritum|Matriti]] [[1866]] aut [[1870]]; ibidem mortuus die [[11 Ianuarii]] [[1925]]) fuit [[diariorum scriptor]] et consiliator [[Hispania|Hispanus]], [[respublica|reipublicae]] fautor. == Biographia == Matriti<ref name=":0">Díaz y Díaz, 1988: 307.</ref> natus est anno 1866.<ref>Thion Soriano-Mollá 1997.</ref> (aut 1870)<ref name=":0" /> ''Germinal,'' [[magazina|periodici imaginei commentario]] appellato, cooperavit{{dubsig}} et [[scriptor]] ''La Universidad'' ('Universitas'), commentariorum periodici imaginei, ''La Democracia Social'' ('Democratia Socialis'), et ''El Mediodía'' ('Meridies'),<ref>Ossorio y Bernard 1903: 146</ref> etiam rector periodici ''El País'' ('Natio') et ''El Radical'' ('Novarum Rerum Cupidus'). Anno [[1895]] in Societatem Periodicorum Matritensem ascriptus est. Cum Alexandro Lerroux et Roderico Soriano anno [[1901]]<ref>Menéndez Alzamora 2009: 153.</ref> Federación Revolucionaria ('Foederationem Revolutionariam') condidit. Alexandri Lerroux favens, concili legatorum candidatum a Tarraconense Dertosae regione sese anno [[1903]] ostendit pro ''Unión Republicana'' ('Unione Republicana'), sed numquam sedem legati impetravit,<ref>Sánchez Cervelló 2012: 349.</ref> ne eam quidem posterioribus in comitiis. Unus e promotoribus Liga Republicana Española in Argentina ('Foederis Reipublicae Hispanae in Argentina')<ref>Duarte 1993: 307–44.</ref><ref name=":1">García, 2004: 203.</ref> fuit. Ea in civitate [[pecunia]]m cupiditati Reipublicae Hispanae<ref name=":1" /> auxiliare obtinuit, et conditionem{{dubsig}} contribuit [[Ephemerotheca Municipalis Matriti|Ephemerothecae Munipialis Matriti]],<ref>Bello 1925: 6.</ref>, cuius primus rector fuit.<ref>Carpallo Bautista 2001: 294.</ref> ''Reyes, favoritas y validos'' ('Reges, Percarae, et Regis Delegati') anno 1918 [[auctor|protulit]]. Matriti mense Ianuarii anni 1925 obiit, et suum [[corpus]] in [[sepulcretum|sepulcreto]] civili Matritensi humatum est. == Bibliographia == * Bello, Luis (1925). “Ricardo Fuente, periodista y bibliófilo” [link] ''La Esfera'' (Matriti): 6. ISSN 1577-0389. * Carpallo Bautista, Antonius (2001). “Descripción de la Hemeroteca Municipal del Ayuntamiento de Madrid” ''Documentación de las ciencias de la información'' (24): 293-302. ISSN 0210-4210. * Díaz Díaz, Gonzalo (1988). “Fuente Asensio, Ricardo”. ''Hombres y documentos de la filosofía española.'' III (E-G). CSIC. p.307. ISBN 84-00-06703-7. * Duarte, Ángel (1993). “La Liga Republicana Española en la Argentina: política y sociabilidad (1903-1907)” Anuario del IEHS VIII (110). * García, Marcella (2004). “Emigración y Política. Los “no ciudadanos” en la Argentina quieren representación en el Parlamento de Madrid”. In Carolo Malamud et Carolo Dardé, editoribus. ''Violencia y legitimidad: política y revoluciones en España y América Latina,'' 1840-1910. Santander: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Cantabria, pp. 197-222. <nowiki>ISBN 84-8102-376-0</nowiki>. * Menéndez Alzamora, Emmanuel (2009). ''La Generación del 14: Una aventura intelectual.'' Siglo XXI de España Editores. ISBN 978-84-323-1501-5. * Ossorio y Bernard, Emmanuel (1903). “Fuente y Asensio (Ricardo)”. ''Ensayo de un catálogo de periodistas españoles del siglo XIX''. Madrid: Imprenta y litografía de J. Palacios. Wikidata Q18908018. * Sánchez Cervelló, Iosephus (2012). “El republicanisme a les terres de L’Ebre en tems del CNR”Recerca (lingua Catalauniensi) 14: 339-373. ISSN 1135-6014. * Thion Soriano-Mollá, Dolores (1997). «Zola, un messie et un mythe pour la jeunesse germinaliste de la fin de siècle». Zola y España: ''Actas del Coloquio Internacional, Lugduni (Septembris mense, 1996)'' (lingua Gallica), Barcinone: Universitat de Barcelona. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Ricardo Fuente|Ricardum Fuente}} *[https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Autor:Ricardo_Fuente Vicifontes] == Notae == <references/> {{Lifetime|1870|1925|Fuente, Ricardus}} [[Categoria:Diurnarii]] [[Categoria:Incolae Hispaniae]] ocql13ylfm7m88e4ona8ko6fdbmcpwn 0 303031 3695828 3689146 2022-08-02T20:52:17Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} Ad [[Actio per iudicis arbitrive postulationem|legis actiones]] finem dedit, quas in leges XII tabularum institutae fuerunt. Nescimus quid dicebat, sed ut dicit [[Gaius (iuris consultus)|Gai]] in "Institutiones" liber: ''"Sed istae omnes legis actiones paulatim in odium venerunt. namque ex nimia subtilitate veterum, qui tunc iura condiderunt, eo res perducta est, ut uel qui minimum errasset, litem perderet; itaque per legem Aebutiam et duas Iulias sublatae sunt istae legis actiones, effectumque est, ut per concepta verba, id est per formulas, litigaremus."'' Per aliquis magistratus qui Sextus Aelius se appellabat constituta, actiones iuris consiltorum procuratorumque augebat in iudicio. ==Fontes== * [[Aulus Gellius|A. Gellii]] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0071%3Abook%3D16%3Achapter%3D10 XVI 10] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120831060912/http://web.upmf-grenoble.fr/Haiti/Cours/Ak/ ''The Roman Law Library''] pezvinwdjig5hiqmgdh8cvhfwuz4irn 3695829 3695828 2022-08-02T20:52:30Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Leges Romanae]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} Ad [[Actio per iudicis arbitrive postulationem|legis actiones]] finem dedit, quas in leges XII tabularum institutae fuerunt. Nescimus quid dicebat, sed ut dicit [[Gaius (iuris consultus)|Gai]] in "Institutiones" liber: ''"Sed istae omnes legis actiones paulatim in odium venerunt. namque ex nimia subtilitate veterum, qui tunc iura condiderunt, eo res perducta est, ut uel qui minimum errasset, litem perderet; itaque per legem Aebutiam et duas Iulias sublatae sunt istae legis actiones, effectumque est, ut per concepta verba, id est per formulas, litigaremus."'' Per aliquis magistratus qui Sextus Aelius se appellabat constituta, actiones iuris consiltorum procuratorumque augebat in iudicio. ==Fontes== * [[Aulus Gellius|A. Gellii]] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0071%3Abook%3D16%3Achapter%3D10 XVI 10] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120831060912/http://web.upmf-grenoble.fr/Haiti/Cours/Ak/ ''The Roman Law Library''] [[Categoria:Leges Romanae]] hs91tepm1dk3xh5c4gz8qjbueu70rr8 3695836 3695829 2022-08-02T22:13:10Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} Ad [[Actio per iudicis arbitrive postulationem|legis actiones]] finem dedit, quas in [[Duodecim tabulae|leges XII tabularum]] institutae fuerunt. Nescimus quid dicebat, sed ut dicit [[Gaius (iuris consultus)|Gai]] in "Institutiones" liber: ''"Sed istae omnes legis actiones paulatim in odium venerunt. namque ex nimia subtilitate veterum, qui tunc iura condiderunt, eo res perducta est, ut uel qui minimum errasset, litem perderet; itaque per legem Aebutiam et duas Iulias sublatae sunt istae legis actiones, effectumque est, ut per concepta verba, id est per formulas, litigaremus."'' Per aliquis magistratus qui Sextus Aelius se appellabat constituta, actiones iuris consiltorum procuratorumque augebat in iudicio. ==Fontes== * [[Aulus Gellius|A. Gellii]] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0071%3Abook%3D16%3Achapter%3D10 XVI 10] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120831060912/http://web.upmf-grenoble.fr/Haiti/Cours/Ak/ ''The Roman Law Library''] {{DEFAULTSORT:Aebutia, lex}} [[Categoria:Leges Romanae]] sbxd0h8a5kvc7hemn0g3p0mda2l3k5b 3695837 3695836 2022-08-02T22:16:35Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} [[Actio per iudicis arbitrive postulationem|Legis actionibus]] finem dedit, quae in [[Duodecim tabulae|leges XII tabularum]] institutae erant. Nescimus quid dicebat, sed ut dicit [[Gaius (iuris consultus)|Gaius]] in "Institutionum" libro: ''"Sed istae omnes legis actiones paulatim in odium venerunt. namque ex nimia subtilitate veterum, qui tunc iura condiderunt, eo res perducta est, ut uel qui minimum errasset, litem perderet; itaque per legem Aebutiam et duas Iulias sublatae sunt istae legis actiones, effectumque est, ut per concepta verba, id est per formulas, litigaremus."'' Per aliquos magistratus qui Sextus Aelius se appellabat constituta, actiones iuris consultorum procuratorumque augebat in iudicio. ==Fontes== * [[Aulus Gellius|A. Gellii]] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0071%3Abook%3D16%3Achapter%3D10 XVI 10] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120831060912/http://web.upmf-grenoble.fr/Haiti/Cours/Ak/ ''The Roman Law Library''] {{DEFAULTSORT:Aebutia, lex}} [[Categoria:Leges Romanae]] 0olfgwky1a68acbkwyplkj00nhctsuw 3695839 3695837 2022-08-02T22:20:11Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} [[Actio per iudicis arbitrive postulationem|Legis actionibus]] finem dedit, quae in [[Duodecim tabulae|legibus XII tabularum]] institutae erant. Nescimus quid dicebat, sed ut dicit [[Gaius (iuris consultus)|Gaius]] in "Institutionum" libro: ''"Sed istae omnes legis actiones paulatim in odium venerunt. namque ex nimia subtilitate veterum, qui tunc iura condiderunt, eo res perducta est, ut uel qui minimum errasset, litem perderet; itaque per legem Aebutiam et duas Iulias sublatae sunt istae legis actiones, effectumque est, ut per concepta verba, id est per formulas, litigaremus."'' A [[Sextus Aelius Q.f. Paetus Catus|Sexto Aelio]] constituta, actiones iuris consultorum procuratorumque augebat in iudicio. ==Fontes== * [[Aulus Gellius|A. Gellii]] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0071%3Abook%3D16%3Achapter%3D10 XVI 10] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120831060912/http://web.upmf-grenoble.fr/Haiti/Cours/Ak/ ''The Roman Law Library''] {{DEFAULTSORT:Aebutia, lex}} [[Categoria:Leges Romanae]] glvswnak58ghgv8k4vldbf937bhbs5i 3695840 3695839 2022-08-02T22:24:09Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} [[Actio per iudicis arbitrive postulationem|Legis actionibus]] finem dedit, quae in [[Duodecim tabulae|legibus XII tabularum]] institutae erant. Nescimus quid dicebat, sed ut dicit [[Gaius (iuris consultus)|Gaius]] in "Institutionum" libro: ''"Sed istae omnes legis actiones paulatim in odium venerunt. namque ex nimia subtilitate veterum, qui tunc iura condiderunt, eo res perducta est, ut uel qui minimum errasset, litem perderet; itaque per legem Aebutiam et duas Iulias sublatae sunt istae legis actiones, effectumque est, ut per concepta verba, id est per formulas, litigaremus."'' A Sexto Aelio magistratu quodam instituta, actiones iuris consultorum procuratorumque augebat in iudicio. ==Fontes== * [[Aulus Gellius|A. Gellii]] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0071%3Abook%3D16%3Achapter%3D10 XVI 10] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120831060912/http://web.upmf-grenoble.fr/Haiti/Cours/Ak/ ''The Roman Law Library''] {{DEFAULTSORT:Aebutia, lex}} [[Categoria:Leges Romanae]] 1md24gulnccph8mvqgez1h1cwrs7tua 2 303232 3695766 3695743 2022-08-02T16:53:51Z Dioskorides 69497 wikitext text/x-wiki == Commeatus == Mindae viae foederales 61 in directione meridionali et 65 in directione occidento-orientali conveniunt; tres pontes Visurgam pertinent. In parva distantia [[autovia]]e 2 et 30 pervaderi possunt in urbibus finitimis australibus. [[Ferrivia]]e coniungunt Mindam cum [[Metropolis|metropolibus]] [[Hannovera]] et [[Berolinum]] in oriente atque [[Colonia Agrippina]] et [[Amstelodamum]] in occidente sicuti [[Hamburgum]] et [[Brema]] in septentrione. Portus ad [[Mare Germanicum|Marem Germanicum]] per canalem mediterranem et alteras canales fluviasque pervadentur. In portu Mindense apud canalem vectura cum tramininibus autocinetis navibusque oneraria cum vectura intermodalis nexa est. l38mbmdraq33v0t97ioym2ezsdjbo4u 3695816 3695766 2022-08-02T20:08:14Z Dioskorides 69497 Paginam vacuavit wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 303366 3695762 3695592 2022-08-02T15:22:05Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Solanum'' subg. ''Leptostemonum''}} {{Capsa taxinomica | image = Solanum rantonnetii0.jpg | image_width = 220px | image_caption = ''[[Solanum rantonnetii]]'' | regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicotyledones]] |unranked_ordo = [[Asteridae]] | ordo = [[Solanales]] | familia = [[Solanaceae]] | genus = ''[[Solanum (genus)|Solanum]]'' | subgenus = ''Leptostemonum'' | subgenus_authority = ([[Michael Felix Dunal|Dunal]]) [[Georgius Bitter|Bitter]] }} '''''Solanum'' subgenus ''Leptostemonum''''' est subdivisio generis ''[[Solanum|Solani]]''. Species culta ''[[Solanum melongena]]'', unde melongenae proveniunt, hic inter alias comprehenditur. Subgenus ''Leptostemonum'' eas plantas generis ''Solani'' comprehendit cuius calyces fructuum aculeis munitae sunt. Nomen a [[Georgius Bitter|Georgio Bitter]] anno [[1919]] statutum est post [[Michael Felix Dunal|Michaelem Felicem Dunal]] qui anno [[1852]] sicut sectionem definiverat.<ref>[[#Bitter (1919)]]; [[#Dunal (1852)]]</ref> Species 578 in subgenere anno 2022 enumeratae sunt.<ref name="Aubriot et Knapp (2022)">[[#Aubriot et Knapp (2022)]]</ref> == Subdivisiones et species == Subgenus in cladis modo informali statutis a Rachel Levin collegisque anno [[2006]], a Stephano Stern collegisque anno [[2011]],<ref>[[#Levin et al. (2006)]], [[#Stern et al. (2011)]]</ref> inquisitionibus phylogeneticis utentes, divisum est. Cladi neque cum "gregibus specierum" Michaëlis Whalen anno [[1984]],<ref name="Whalen (1984)">[[#Whalen (1984)]]</ref> neque cum sectionibus [[Michael Nee|Michaëlis Nee]] anno [[1999]] definitis,<ref>[[#Nee (1999)]]</ref> omnino correspondent. Hi cladi denuo accipiuntur: * Cladus ''Acanthophora'', cf. grex ''Solanum mammosum'',<ref name="Whalen (1984)" /> sect. ''Acanthophora'' Dunal<ref>[[#Levin et al. (2005)]]</ref> :::''[[Solanum acerifolium|S. acerifolium]]'', ''[[Solanum aculeatissimum|S. aculeatissimum]]'',<ref name="Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)">[[#Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)]]</ref> ''[[Solanum capsicoides|S. capsicoides]]'',<ref name="B+V" /> ''[[Solanum mammosum|S. mammosum]]'',<ref>[[#Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)]]; [[#Symon (1985)]] pp. 83-85; Z. O. Gbile, S. K. Adesina, "Nigerian Solanum Species of Economic Importance" in ''Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden'' vol. 75 (1988) pp. 862-865 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2399374 JSTOR]</ref> ''[[Solanum palinacanthum|S. palinacanthum]]'', ''[[Solanum vaillantii|S. vaillantii]]'', ''[[Solanum viarum|S. viarum]]''<ref name="Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)" /> * Cladus ''Androceras''/''Crinitum'' fortasse in duos dividendus, cf. greges ''Solanum crinitum'' et ''S. rostratum'',<ref name="Whalen (1984)" /> sect. ''Crinitum'' (Whalen) Child, sect. ''Androceras'' (Nutt.) Whalen, sect. ''Micracantha'' Dunal<ref>[[#Stern et al. (2010)]]; [[#Stern et al. (2014)]]</ref> :::''[[Solanum citrullifolium|S. citrullifolium]]'', ''[[Solanum coriaceum|S. coriaceum]]'', ''[[Solanum crinitum|S. crinitum]]'', ''[[Solanum grayi|S. grayi]]'', ''[[Solanum lycocarpum|S. lycocarpum]]'', ''[[Solanum nitlense|S. nitlense]]'', ''[[Solanum rostratum|S. rostratum]]'',<ref name="Bean (2003)">[[#Bean (2003)]]</ref> ''[[Solanum sendtnerianum|S. sendtnerianum]]'', ''[[Solanum urticans|S. urticans]]'', ''[[Solanum wrightii|S. wrightii]]''<ref>[[#Symon (1985)]] pp. 156-158 (''S. grandiflorum''); [[#Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)]]; Z. O. Gbile, S. K. Adesina, "Nigerian Solanum Species of Economic Importance" in ''Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden'' vol. 75 (1988) pp. 862-865 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2399374 JSTOR]</ref> * Cladus ''Asterophorum'', cf. grex ''Solanum asterophorum''<ref name="Whalen (1984)" /> :::''[[Solanum asterophorum|S. asterophorum]]'', ''[[Solanum piluliferum|S. piluliferum]]'' * Cladus ''Bahamense'', cf. grex ''Solanum bahamense'',<ref name="Whalen (1984)" /> sect. ''Persicariae'' Dunal :::''[[Solanum bahamense|S. bahamense]]'', ''[[Solanum ensifolium|S. ensifolium]]'' * Cladus ''Carolinense'', cf. grex ''Solanum multispinum'',<ref name="Whalen (1984)" /> sect. ''Melongena'' Mill. (Dunal) subsect. ''Lathyrocarpum'' G.Don<ref>[[#Wahlert et al. (2014)]]; [[#Wahlert et al. (2015)]]</ref> :::''[[Solanum aridum|S. aridum]]'', ''[[Solanum carolinense|S. carolinense]]'', ''[[Solanum comptum|S. comptum]]'', ''[[Solanum juvenale|S. juvenale]]'', ''[[Solanum moxosense|S. moxosense]]'' * Cladus ''Elaeagnifolium'', cf. greges ''Solanum ellipticum'' et ''S. vespertilio'',<ref name="Whalen (1984)" /> sect. ''Melongena'' Mill. (Dunal) subsect. ''Lathyrocarpum'' G.Don :::''[[Solanum elaeagnifolium|S. elaeagnifolium]]'',<ref name="B+V">[[#Bean (2003)]]; [[#Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)]]</ref> ''[[Solanum hindsianum|S. hindsianum]]'', ''[[Solanum mortonii|S. mortonii]]'', ''[[Solanum tridynamum|S. tridynamum]]'' * Cladus ''Erythrotrichum'', cf. cladus ''Robustum'',<ref name="Levin et al. (2006)">[[#Levin et al. (2006)]]</ref> greges ''Solanum erythrotrichum'' et ''S. polytrichum'',<ref name="Whalen (1984)" /> sect. ''Erythrotrichum'' (Whalen) Child :::''[[Solanum absconditum|S. absconditum]]'', ''[[Solanum accrescens|S. accrescens]]'', ''[[Solanum decompositifolium|S. decompositifolium]]'', ''[[Solanum decorum|S. decorum]]'', ''[[Solanum hexandrum|S. hexandrum]]'', ''[[Solanum jabrense|S. jabrense]]'', ''[[Solanum megalonyx|S. megalonyx]]'', ''[[Solanum paludosum|S. paludosum]]'', ''[[Solanum reflexiflorum|S. reflexiflorum]]'', ''[[Solanum rhytidoandrum|S. rhytidoandrum]]'', ''[[Solanum robustum|S. robustum]]'',<ref name="Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)" /> ''[[Solanum stagnale|S. stagnale]]'' * Cladus ''Gardneri'', cf. cladus ''Robustum'',<ref name="Levin et al. (2006)" /> greges ''Solanum polytrichum'' et ''S. mammosum'',<ref name="Whalen (1984)" /> sect. ''Persicariae'' Dunal, sect. ''Polytrichum'', sect. ''Acanthophora'' Dunal :::''[[Solanum agrarium|S. agrarium]]'', ''[[Solanum gardneri|S. gardneri]]'', ''[[Solanum microphyllum|S. microphyllum]]'', ''[[Solanum polytrichum|S. polytrichum]]'', ''[[Solanum schomburghii|S. schomburghii]]'', ''[[Solanum stenadrum|S. stenadrum]]'', ''[[Solanum talarense|S. talarense]]'', ''[[Solanum tetramerum|S. tetramerum]]'' * Cladus ''Lasiocarpa'', cf. grex ''Solanum quitoense'',<ref name="Whalen (1984)" /> sect. ''Lasiocarpa'' (Dunal) D'Arcy<ref>[[#Bohs (2004)]]</ref> :::''[[Solanum candidum|S. candidum]]'',<ref name="Heiser (1987)" /><ref name="Heiser (1985 b)" /><ref name="Heiser (1985)">[[Carolus Bixler Heiser|Charles B. Heiser]], ''Of Plants and People'' (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985) {{Google Books|gOkrIDhCcMcC|Paginae selectae}}</ref> ''[[Solanum hirtum|S. hirtum]]'', ''[[Solanum hyporhodium]]'', ''[[Solanum pectinatum]]'' (?),<ref name="Heiser (1985 b)">[[Carolus Bixler Heiser|Charles B. Heiser]], "Ethnobotany of the Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) and Its Relatives" in ''Economic Botany'' vol. 39 (1985) pp. 4-11 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4254703 JSTOR]</ref> ''[[Solanum pseudolulo]]'',<ref name="Heiser (1985 b)" /> ''[[Solanum quitoense|S. quitoense]]'',<ref>[[Carolus Bixler Heiser|Charles B. Heiser]], "The relationships of the Naranjilla, Solanum quitoense" in ''Biotropica'' vol. 4 (1972) pp. 77-84 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2989729 JSTOR]</ref><ref name="Heiser (1985)" /> ''[[Solanum sessiliflorum|S. sessiliflorum]]'',<ref name="Heiser (1985)" /><ref name="Heiser (1987)" /> ''[[Solanum stramoniifolium|S. stramoniifolium]]'' * Cladus ''Micracantha'', cf. grex ''Solanum lanceifolium'',<ref name="Whalen (1984)" /> sect. ''Micracantha'' Dunal<ref>[[#Stern et Bohs (2016)]]</ref> :::''[[Solanum adhaerens|S. adhaerens]]'', ''[[Solanum arachnidanthum|S. arachnidanthum]]'', ''[[Solanum aturense|S. aturense]]'', ''[[Solanum jamaicense|S. jamaicense]]'', ''[[Solanum lanceifolium|S. lanceifolium]]'', ''[[Solanum leucopogon|S. leucopogon]]'', ''[[Solanum monachophyllum|S. monachophyllum]]'', ''[[Solanum pedemontanum|S. pedemontanum]]'', ''[[Solanum tampicense|S. tampicense]]'' * Cladus ''Sisymbriifolium'', cf. grex ''Solanum polytrichum'',<ref name="Whalen (1984)" /> sect. ''Melongena'' Mill. (Dunal) :::''[[Solanum hasslerianum|S. hasslerianum]]'', ''[[Solanum sisymbriifolium|S. sisymbriifolium]]''<ref name="B+V" /> * Cladus ''Thomasiifolium'', cf. cladus ''Robustum'',<ref name="Levin et al. (2006)" /> grex ''Solanum polytrichum'',<ref name="Whalen (1984)" /> sect. ''Erythrotrichum'' (Whalen) Child, sect. ''Persicariae'' Dunal, sect. ''Micracantha'' Dunal :::''[[Solanum buddleifolium|S. buddleifolium]]'', ''[[Solanum paraibanum|S. paraibanum]]'', ''[[Solanum rupincola|S. rupincola]]'', ''[[Solanum thomasiifolium|S. thomasiifolium]]'' * Cladus ''Torva'', cf. greges ''Solanum torvum'' et ''S. inerme'',<ref name="Whalen (1984)" /> sect. ''Torva'' Nees, sect. ''Micracantha'' Dunal :::''[[Solanum acutilobum|S. acutilobum]]'', ''[[Solanum albidum|S. albidum]]'', ''[[Solanum asperolanatum|S. asperolanatum]]'', ''[[Solanum asteropilodes|S. asteropilodes]]'', ''[[Solanum bolivianum|S. bolivianum]]'', ''[[Solanum bonariense|S. bonariense]]'', ''[[Solanum caricaefolium|S. caricaefolium]]'', ''[[Solanum chrysotrichum|S. chrysotrichum]]'',<ref name="B+V" /> ''[[Solanum comarapanum|S. comarapanum]]'', ''[[Solanum crinitipes|S. crinitipes]]'', ''[[Solanum donianum|S. donianum]]'', ''[[Solanum glutinosum|S. glutinosum]]'', ''[[Solanum lanceolatum|S. lanceolatum]]'', ''[[Solanum metrobotryon|S. metrobotryon]]'', ''[[Solanum paniculatum|S. paniculatum]]'', ''[[Solanum pluviale|S. pluviale]]'', ''[[Solanum poinsettiifolium|S. poinsettiifolium]]'', ''[[Solanum rudepannum|S. rudepannum]]'', ''[[Solanum scuticum|S. scuticum]]'', ''[[Solanum stellativelutinum|S. stellativelutinum]]'', ''[[Solanum subinerme|S. subinerme]]'', ''[[Solanum subumbellatum|S. subumbellatum]]'', ''[[Solanum torvum|S. torvum]]'', ''[[Solanum ursinum|S. ursinum]]'', ''[[Solanum whalenii|S. whalenii]]'' * Species Novi Mundi [[incertae sedis]] :::''[[Solanum campechiense|S. campechiense]]'', ''[[Solanum crotonoides|S. crotonoides]]'', ''[[Solanum multispinum|S. multispinum]]'' * Species Veteris Mundi per regiones digestae :::NB. Species semel tantum enumerantur etiamsi in duabus regionibus crescantur. Species asterisco (*) punctae ad cladum ''Torva'' pertinere censentur. Species cruce (+) punctae ad cladum ''Lasiocarpa'' pertinere censentur ** Insulae Canariae :::''[[Solanum lidii|S. lidii]]'', ''[[Solanum vespertilio|S. vespertilio]]'' ** Insulae Promunturii Viridis :::''[[Solanum rigidum|S. rigidum]]'' ** Africa,<ref>[[#Vorontsova et al. (2013)]]; [[#Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)]]</ref> cf. sect. ''Melongena'' (Mill.) Dunal, sect. ''Oliganthes'' (Dunal) Bitter, sect. ''Monodolichopus'' Bitter, sect. ''Torva'' Nees, sect. ''Anisantherum'' Bitter, sect. ''Croatianum'' D'Arcy & Keating, sect. ''Ischyracanthum'' Bitter,sect. ''Somalanum'' Bitter, sect. ''Nycterium'' (Ventenat) Dunal :::''[[Solanum aculeastrum|S. aculeastrum]]'', ''[[Solanum adoense|S. adoense]]'', ''[[Solanum aethiopicum|S. aethiopicum]]'', ''[[Solanum agnewiorum|S. agnewiorum]]'', ''[[Solanum anguivi|S. anguivi]]'', ''[[Solanum anomalum|S. anomalum]]''*, ''[[Solanum arundo|S. arundo]]'',<ref name="Aubriot et Knapp (2022)" /> ''[[Solanum aureitomentosum|S. aureitomentosum]]'', ''[[Solanum burchellii|S. burchellii]]'', ''[[Solanum campylacanthum|S. campylacanthum]]'', ''[[Solanum capense|S. capense]]'', ''[[Solanum catombelense|S. catombelense]]'', ''[[Solanum cerasiferum|S. cerasiferum]]'', ''[[Solanum coagulans|S. coagulans]]'', ''[[Solanum cordatum|S. cordatum]]'',<ref name="Aubriot et Knapp (2022)" /> ''[[Solanum cyaneopurpureum|S. cyaneopurpureum]]'', ''[[Solanum cymbariifolium|S. cymbariifolium]]'', ''[[Solanum dasyphyllum|S. dasyphyllum]]'', ''[[Solanum dennekense|S. dennekense]]'', ''[[Solanum erythracanthum|S. erythracanthum]]'', ''[[Solanum forskalii|S. forskalii]]'',<ref name="Aubriot et Knapp (2022)" /> ''[[Solanum giganteum|S. giganteum]]''*,<ref name="Aubriot et Knapp (2022)" /> ''[[Solanum glabratum|S. glabratum]]'', ''[[Solanum goetzei|S. goetzei]]''*, ''[[Solanum hastifolium|S. hastifolium]]'',<ref>"[https://solanaceaesource.myspecies.info/content/solanum-hastifolium Solanum hastifolium]" apud ''Solanaceae Source''</ref> ''[[Solanum humile|S. humile]]'', ''[[Solanum inaequiradians|S. inaequiradians]]'', ''[[Solanum incanum|S. incanum]]'',<ref>[[#Bean (2003)]]; B. Tshabalala et al, "[https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-javs/papers/vol8-issue9/Version-1/P08919195.pdf Alternative remedies used by resource-limited farmers to manage ophthalmia in cattle, from Ntabazinduna communal area, Umguza district, Matabeleland North Province, Zimbabwe]" in ''IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science'' vol. 8 (2015) pp. 91-95</ref> ''[[Solanum jubae|S. jubae]]'', ''[[Solanum kwebense|S. kwebense]]'', ''[[Solanum lamprocarpum|S. lamprocarpum]]'', ''[[Solanum lanzae|S. lanzae]]'', ''[[Solanum lichtensteinii|S. lichtensteinii]]'', ''[[Solanum linnaeanum|S. linnaeanum]]'',<ref name="Bean (2003)" /> ''[[Solanum litoraneum|S. litoraneum]]'', ''[[Solanum macracanthum|S. macracanthum]]'', ''[[Solanum macrocarpon|S. macrocarpon]]''+, ''[[Solanum malindiense|S. malindiense]]'', ''[[Solanum marginatum|S. marginatum]]'',<ref>"[https://solanaceaesource.myspecies.info/content/solanum-marginatum Solanum marginatum]" apud ''Solanaceae Source''</ref> ''[[Solanum mauense|S. mauense]]'', ''[[Solanum melastomoides|S. melastomoides]]'', ''[[Solanum nigriviolaceum|S. nigriviolaceum]]'', ''[[Solanum pampaninii|S. pampaninii]]'', ''[[Solanum pauperum|S. pauperum]]'', ''[[Solanum phoxocarpum|S. phoxocarpum]]'', ''[[Solanum polhillii|S. polhillii]]'', ''[[Solanum richardii|S. richardii]]'', ''[[Solanum rubetorum|S. rubetorum]]'', ''[[Solanum ruvu|S. ruvu]]'', ''[[Solanum schimperianum|S. schimperianum]]'', ''[[Solanum schliebenii|S. schliebenii]]'', ''[[Solanum schumannianum|S. schumannianum]]'', ''[[Solanum setaceum|S. setaceum]]'', ''[[Solanum sodomaeodes|S. sodomaeodes]]'', ''[[Solanum somalense|S. somalense]]'', ''[[Solanum stipitatostellatum|S. stipitatostellatum]]'', ''[[Solanum supinum|S. supinum]]'', ''[[Solanum taitense|S. taitense]]'', ''[[Solanum tettense|S. tettense]]'', ''[[Solanum thomsonii|S. thomsonii]]'', ''[[Solanum tomentosum|S. tomentosum]]'', ''[[Solanum torreanum|S. torreanum]]'', ''[[Solanum umtuma|S. umtuma]]'', ''[[Solanum usambarense|S. usambarense]]'', ''[[Solanum usaramense|S. usaramense]]'', ''[[Solanum wittei|S. wittei]]'', ''[[Solanum zanzibarense|S. zanzibarense]]'' ** Asia, Indomalesia, Philippinae<ref>[[#Meyer et al. (2012)]]; [[#Cericola et al. (2013)]]; [[#Aubriot et al. (2016)]]; [[#Aubriot et Knapp (2022)]]</ref> :::''[[Solanum barbisetum|S. barbisetum]]'', ''[[Solanum camranhense|S. camranhense]]'', ''[[Solanum comitis|S. comitis]]'', ''[[Solanum cyanocarphium|S. cyanocarphium]]'', ''[[Solanum deflexicarpum|S. deflexicarpum]]'', ''[[Solanum graciliflorum|S. graciliflorum]]'',<ref name="Aubriot et al. (2016)">Xavier Aubriot, Caroline Loup, Sandra Knapp, "[https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=9758 Confirming the identity of two enigmatic “spiny solanums” (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) collected by Jean-Baptiste Leschenault in Java]" in ''PhytoKeys'' vol. 70 (2016) pp. 97-110</ref> ''[[Solanum harmandii|S. harmandii]]'', ''[[Solanum hovei|S. hovei]]'', ''[[Solanum insanum|S. insanum]]'',<ref>"[https://solanaceaesource.myspecies.info/content/solanum-insanum Solanum insanum]" apud ''Solanaceae Source''; [[#Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)]]; [[#Aubriot et Knapp (2022)]]</ref> ''[[Solanum involucratum|S. involucratum]]'', ''[[Solanum kachinense|S. kachinense]]'', ''[[Solanum lasiocarpum|S. lasiocarpum]]''+, ''[[Solanum lianoides|S. lianoides]]'', ''[[Solanum melongena|S. melongena]]'', ''[[Solanum miyakojimense|S. miyakojimense]]'', ''[[Solanum multiflorum|S. multiflorum]]'', ''[[Solanum nienkui|S. nienkui]]'', ''[[Solanum peikuoense|S. peikuoense]]'', ''[[Solanum poka|S. poka]]'',<ref name="Aubriot et al. (2016)" /> ''[[Solanum praetermissum|S. praetermissum]]'', ''[[Solanum procumbens|S. procumbens]]'', ''[[Solanum pseudosaponaceum|S. pseudosaponaceum]]'', ''[[Solanum pubescens|S. pubescens]]'', ''[[Solanum putii|S. putii]]'', ''[[Solanum retrorsum|S. retrorsum]]'', ''[[Solanum robinsonii|S. robinsonii]]'', ''[[Solanum schefferi|S. schefferi]]'', ''[[Solanum sulawesi|S. sulawesi]]'', ''[[Solanum torvoideum|S. torvoideum]]'', ''[[Solanum trilobatum|S. trilobatum]]'', ''[[Solanum vagum|S. vagum]]'', ''[[Solanum violaceum|S. violaceum]]'', ''[[Solanum virginianum|S. virginianum]]'', ''[[Solanum wightii|S. wightii]]'' ** Madagascaria<ref name="Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)" /> :::''[[Solanum batoides|S. batoides]]'', ''[[Solanum bumeliifolium|S. bumeliifolium]]'', ''[[Solanum croatii|S. croatii]]'', ''[[Solanum erythracanthum|S. erythracanthum]]'', ''[[Solanum heinianum|S. heinianum]]'', ''[[Solanum mahoriense|S. mahoriense]]'', ''[[Solanum myoxotrichum|S. myoxotrichum]]'', ''[[Solanum pyracanthos|S. pyracanthos]]'', ''[[Solanum toliaraea|S. toliaraea]]'' ** Australia<ref>[[#Symon (1981)]]; [[#Bean (2003)]]; [[#Martine et al. (2006)]]; [[#Bean (2011)]], [[#Bean (2012)|(2012)]], [[#Bean (2013)|(2013)]], [[#Bean (2016 a)|(2016 a)]], [[#Bean (2016 b)|(2016 b)]]; [[#Martine et al. (2019)]]</ref> :::''[[Solanum acanthodapis|S. acanthodapis]]'', ''[[Solanum adenophorum|S. adenophorum]]'', ''[[Solanum amblymerum|S. amblymerum]]'', ''[[Solanum ammophilum|S. ammophilum]]'', ''[[Solanum angustum|S. angustum]]'', ''[[Solanum apodophyllum|S. apodophyllum]]'', ''[[Solanum argopetalum|S. argopetalum]]'', ''[[Solanum asymmetriphyllum|S. asymmetriphyllum]]'', ''[[Solanum beagleholei|S. beagleholei]]'', ''[[Solanum campanulatum|S. campanulatum]]'', ''[[Solanum carduiforme|S. carduiforme]]'', ''[[Solanum cataphractum|S. cataphractum]]'', ''[[Solanum centrale|S. centrale]]'', ''[[Solanum chenopodinum|S. chenopodinum]]'', ''[[Solanum chippendalei|S. chippendalei]]'', ''[[Solanum cinereum|S. cinereum]]'', ''[[Solanum clarkiae|S. clarkiae]]'', ''[[Solanum cleistogamum|S. cleistogamum]]'', ''[[Solanum cocosoides|S. cocosoides]]'', ''[[Solanum cookii|S. cookii]]'', ''[[Solanum coracinum|S. coracinum]]'', ''[[Solanum corifolium|S. corifolium]]'', ''[[Solanum cowiei|S. cowiei]]'', ''[[Solanum crassitomentosum|S. crassitomentosum]]'', ''[[Solanum crebrispinum|S. crebrispinum]]'', ''[[Solanum cunninghamii|S. cunninghamii]]'', ''[[Solanum defensum|S. defensum]]'', ''[[Solanum densevestitum|S. densevestitum]]'', ''[[Solanum dianthophorum|S. dianthophorum]]'', ''[[Solanum dimorphispinum|S. dimorphispinum]]'', ''[[Solanum dioicum|S. dioicum]]'', ''[[Solanum discolor|S. discolor]]'', ''[[Solanum dissectum|S. dissectum]]'', ''[[Solanum ditrichum|S. ditrichum]]'', ''[[Solanum diversiflorum|S. diversiflorum]]'', ''[[Solanum dryanderense|S. dryanderense]]'', ''[[Solanum dumicola|S. dumicola]]'', ''[[Solanum dysprosium|S. dysprosium]]'', ''[[Solanum eburneum|S. eburneum]]'', ''[[Solanum echinatum|S. echinatum]]'', ''[[Solanum elachophyllum|S. elachophyllum]]'', ''[[Solanum ellipticum|S. ellipticum]]'', ''[[Solanum eminens|S. eminens]]'', ''[[Solanum esuriale|S. esuriale]]'', ''[[Solanum ferocissimum|S. ferocissimum]]'', ''[[Solanum fervens|S. fervens]]'', ''[[Solanum francisii|S. francisii]]'', ''[[Solanum furfuraceum|S. furfuraceum]]'', ''[[Solanum galbinum|S. galbinum]]'', ''[[Solanum graniticum|S. graniticum]]'', ''[[Solanum gympiense|S. gympiense]]'', ''[[Solanum hamulosum|S. hamulosum]]'', ''[[Solanum hapalum|S. hapalum]]'', ''[[Solanum heteropodium|S. heteropodium]]'', ''[[Solanum inaequilaterum|S. inaequilaterum]]'', ''[[Solanum innoxium|S. innoxium]]'', ''[[Solanum intonsum|S. intonsum]]'', ''[[Solanum johnsonianum|S. johnsonianum]]'', ''[[Solanum jucundum|S. jucundum]]'', ''[[Solanum lacunarium|S. lacunarium]]'', ''[[Solanum latens|S. latens]]'', ''[[Solanum leopoldense|S. leopoldense]]'', ''[[Solanum limitare|S. limitare]]'', ''[[Solanum longissimum|S. longissimum]]'', ''[[Solanum lucani|S. lucani]]'', ''[[Solanum lythrocarpum|S. lythrocarpum]]'', ''[[Solanum macoorai|S. macoorai]]'', ''[[Solanum magnifolium|S. magnifolium]]'', ''[[Solanum medicagineum|S. medicagineum]]'', ''[[Solanum melanospermum|S. melanospermum]]'', ''[[Solanum mentiens|S. mentiens]]'', ''[[Solanum mitchellianum|S. mitchellianum]]'', ''[[Solanum multiglochidiatum|S. multiglochidiatum]]'', ''[[Solanum nemophilum|S. nemophilum]]'', ''[[Solanum nobile|S. nobile]]'', ''[[Solanum nummularium|S. nummularium]]'', ''[[Solanum oedipus|S. oedipus]]'', ''[[Solanum oligacanthum|S. oligacanthum]]'', ''[[Solanum ossicruentum|S. ossicruentum]]'', ''[[Solanum papaverifolium|S. papaverifolium]]'', ''[[Solanum parvifolium|S. parvifolium]]'', ''[[Solanum petraeum|S. petraeum]]'', ''[[Solanum petrophilum|S. petrophilum]]'', ''[[Solanum phlomoides|S. phlomoides]]'', ''[[Solanum plastisexum|S. plastisexum]]'',<ref>Angela J. McDonnell et al., "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6592974/ Solanum plastisexum, an enigmatic new bush tomato from the Australian Monsoon Tropics exhibiting breeding system fluidity]" in ''PhytoKeys'' vol. 124 (2019) 39–55</ref> ''[[Solanum prinophyllum|S. prinophyllum]]'', ''[[Solanum pugiunculiferum|S. pugiunculiferum]]'', ''[[Solanum pusillum|S. pusillum]]'', ''[[Solanum quadriloculatum|S. quadriloculatum]]'', ''[[Solanum raphiotes|S. raphiotes]]'', ''[[Solanum rixosum|S. rixosum]]'', ''[[Solanum sejunctum|S. sejunctum]]'', ''[[Solanum semiarmatum|S. semiarmatum]]'', ''[[Solanum senticosum|S. senticosum]]'', ''[[Solanum serpens|S. serpens]]'', ''[[Solanum shirleyanum|S. shirleyanum]]'', ''[[Solanum sporaditrichum|S. sporaditrichum]]'', ''[[Solanum stelligerum|S. stelligerum]]'', ''[[Solanum stenopterum|S. stenopterum]]'', ''[[Solanum stupefactum|S. stupefactum]]'', ''[[Solanum sturtianum|S. sturtianum]]'', ''[[Solanum succosum|S. succosum]]'', ''[[Solanum tetrandrum|S. tetrandrum]]'',<ref>[[#Symon (1985)]] pp. 139-140</ref> ''[[Solanum tetrathecum|S. tetrathecum]]'', ''[[Solanum tudununggae|S. tudununggae]]'', ''[[Solanum ultimum|S. ultimum]]'', ''[[Solanum ultraspinosum|S. ultraspinosum]]'', ''[[Solanum vansittartense|S. vansittartense]]'', ''[[Solanum versicolor|S. versicolor]]'', ''[[Solanum vicinum|S. vicinum]]'', ''[[Solanum viridifolium|S. viridifolium]]'',<ref>[[#Symon (1985)]] pp. 141-144</ref> ''[[Solanum watneyi|S. watneyi]]'', ''[[Solanum yirrkalense|S. yirrkalense]]'' ** Nova Guinea<ref>[[#Symon (1985)]]; [[#Bean (2016 a)]]</ref> :::''[[Solanum abortivum|S. abortivum]]'', ''[[Solanum anfractum|S. anfractum]]'', ''[[Solanum arachnoides|S. arachnoides]]'', ''[[Solanum atheniae|S. atheniae]]''+, ''[[Solanum banzicum|S. banzicum]]'', ''[[Solanum borgmannii|S. borgmannii]]'', ''[[Solanum dallmannianum|S. dallmannianum]]'', ''[[Solanum dammerianum|S. dammerianum]]''*, ''[[Solanum denseaculeatum|S. denseaculeatum]]'', ''[[Solanum discolor|S. discolor]]'', ''[[Solanum dunalianum|S. dunalianum]]'',<ref>[[#Bean (2003)]]; [[#Aubriot et Knapp (2022)]]</ref> ''[[Solanum exemptum|S. exemptum]]'', ''[[Solanum expedunculatum|S. expedunculatum]]'', ''[[Solanum fervens|S. fervens]]'', ''[[Solanum galactites|S. galactites]]'', ''[[Solanum gibbsiae|S. gibbsiae]]'', ''[[Solanum heteracanthum|S. heteracanthum]]'', ''[[Solanum incanoalabastrum|S. incanoalabastrum]]'', ''[[Solanum infuscatum|S. infuscatum]]'', ''[[Solanum invictum|S. invictum]]'', ''[[Solanum labyrinthinum|S. labyrinthinum]]'', ''[[Solanum leptacanthum|S. leptacanthum]]'', ''[[Solanum mankiense|S. mankiense]]'', ''[[Solanum missimense|S. missimense]]'', ''[[Solanum nolense|S. nolense]]'', ''[[Solanum oomsis|S. oomsis]]'', ''[[Solanum ortivum|S. ortivum]]'', ''[[Solanum papuanum|S. papuanum]]'', ''[[Solanum petilum|S. petilum]]'', ''[[Solanum phoberum|S. phoberum]]'', ''[[Solanum pluriflorum|S. pluriflorum]]'', ''[[Solanum rivicola|S. rivicola]]'', ''[[Solanum saruwagedense|S. saruwagedense]]'', ''[[Solanum schefferi|S. schefferi]]'', ''[[Solanum scolophyllum|S. scolophyllum]]'', ''[[Solanum symonianum|S. symonianum]]'', ''[[Solanum torricellense|S. torricellense]]'', ''[[Solanum torvoideum|S. torvoideum]]''*, ''[[Solanum trichostylum|S. trichostylum]]'', ''[[Solanum turraeaefolium|S. turraeaefolium]]'' ** Insulae Pacificae,<ref>[[#McClelland et al. (2020)]]</ref> cf. greges ''Solanum dunalianum'' et ''S. sandwichense'',<ref name="Whalen (1984)" /> sect. ''Dunaliana'' Bitter, sect. ''Irenosolanum'' Bitter :::''[[Solanum artense|S. artense]]'', ''[[Solanum austrocaledonicum|S. austrocaledonicum]]'', ''[[Solanum caumii|S. caumii]]'', ''[[Solanum incompletum|S. incompletum]]'', ''[[Solanum pancheri|S. pancheri]]'', ''[[Solanum peekelii|S. peekelii]]'', ''[[Solanum pseudopedunculatum|S. pseudopedunculatum]]'', ''[[Solanum ratale|S. ratale]]'', ''[[Solanum repandum|S. repandum]]''+,<ref name="Heiser (1987)">[[#Heiser (1987)]]</ref><ref>[[#Symon (1985)]] pp. 89-91</ref> ''[[Solanum sandwicense|S. sandwicense]]'', ''[[Solanum semisucculentum|S. semisucculentum]]'', ''[[Solanum vanuatuense|S. vanuatuense]]'' == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * <span id="Aubriot et Knapp (2022)"></span>Xavier Aubriot, [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], "[https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=79514 A revision of the “spiny solanums” of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)]" in ''PhytoKeys'' vol. 198 (2022) pp. 1-270 * <span id="Aubriot et al. (2016)"></span>Xavier Aubriot, Paramjit Singh, [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/boj.12412 Tropical Asian species show that the Old World clade of ‘spiny solanums’ (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic]" in ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' vol. 181 (2016) pp. 199-223 * <span id="Bean (2003)"></span>A. R. Bean, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271197349_The_taxonomy_and_ecology_of_Solanum_subg_Leptostemonum_Dunal_Bitter_Solanaceae_in_Queensland_and_far_north-eastern_New_South_Wales_Australia The taxonomy and ecology of Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter (Solanaceae) in Queensland and far north-eastern New South Wales, Australia]" in ''Austrobaileya'' vol. 6 (2003) pp. 639-816 * <span id="Bean (2013)"></span>A. R. Bean, "[https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/nuytsia/article/663 A taxonomic review of the Solanum sturtianum subgroup of subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae)]" in ''Nuytsia'' vol. 23 (2013) pp. 129–161 * <span id="Bitter (1919)"></span>[[Georgius Bitter|Georg Bitter]], "Die papuasischen Arten von Solanum: subg. Leptostemonum" in ''Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie'' vol. 55 (1919) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/192270#page/77/mode/1up pp. 69-89] * [[Georgius Bitter|Georg Bitter]], "Solana Africana. III: subg. Leptostemonum" in ''Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie'' vol 57 (1922) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/720#page/255/mode/1up pp. 248-286] * <span id="Dunal (1852)"></span>[[Michael Felix Dunal|M. F. Dunal]], "Solanaceae" in [[Alphonsus Pyramus de Candolle|A. de Candolle]], ''[[Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis]]'' vol. 13 fasc. 1 (Lutetiae: Masson, 1852) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/56755458#page/432/mode/1up p. 428] * <span id="Levin et al. (2006)"></span>Rachel A. Levin, Nicole R. Myers, [[Lynn Bohs]], "Phylogenetic Relationships among the "Spiny Solanums" (Solanum Subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae)" in ''American Journal of Botany'' vol. 93 (2006) pp. 157-169 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4125483 JSTOR] * <span id="McClelland et al. (2020)"></span>Donald H. R. McClelland, [[Michael Nee]], [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], "[https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/48531/ New names and status for Pacific spiny species of Solanum (Solanaceae, subgenus Leptostemonum Bitter; the Leptostemonum Clade)]" in ''PhytoKeys'' vol. 145 (2020) pp. 1-36 [https://nhm.openrepository.com/handle/10141/622797 eadem res alibi] * <span id="Nee (1999)"></span>[[Michael Nee]], "Synopsis of Solanum in the New World" in Michael Nee et al., ''Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization'' (Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, 1999) pp. 285-333 * <span id="Stern et al. (2011)"></span>Stephen Stern, Maria de Fátima Agra, [[Lynn Bohs]], "Molecular delimitation of clades within New World species of the "spiny solanums" (Solanum subg. Leptostemonum)" in ''Taxon'' vol. 60 (2011) pp. 1429-1441 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41317546 JSTOR] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169808/ Epitome] * <span id="Symon (1981)"></span>D. E. Symon, "[https://data.environment.sa.gov.au/Content/Publications/JABG04P001_Symon.pdf A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia]" in ''Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens'' vol. 4 (1981) pp. 1-367 * <span id="Symon (1985)"></span>D. E. Symon, "[https://data.environment.sa.gov.au/Content/Publications/JABG08P001_Symon.pdf The Solanaceae of New Guinea]" in ''Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens'' vol. 8 (1985) pp. 1-171 * Maria S. Vorontsova, [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], "Solanum sections Oliganthes, Melongena and Monodolichopus" in Jennifer M. Edmonds, ''Flora of Tropical East Africa: Solanaceae'' (Ricmondiae: Royal Botanic Gadens, Kew, 2012) pp. 164–186, 198–215, 220–223 [https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/F/bo10568777.html de hoc volumine] * <span id="Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)"></span>Maria S. Vorontsova, [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], ''A Revision of the "Spiny Solanums", Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae) in Africa and Madagascar'' (''Systematic Botany Monographs'' vol. 99. 2016) [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26155476 JSTOR] * <span id="Vorontsova et al. (2013)"></span>Maria S. Vorontsova, Stephen Stern, [[Lynn Bohs]], [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], "[https://www.academia.edu/14967551/African_spiny_Solanum_subgenus_Leptostemonum_Solanaceae_a_thorny_phylogenetic_tangle African spiny Solanum (subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae): a thorny phylogenetic tangle]" in ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' vol. 173 (2013) pp. 176–193 * <span id="Whalen (1984)"></span>Michael D. Whalen, "Conspectus of species groups in Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum" in ''Gentes herbarum'' vol. 12 (1984) pp. 179-282 ; De cladis singulis * <span id="Bean (2011)"></span>A. R. Bean, "New and reinstated species of the Solanum ellipticum R.Br. (Solanaceae) species group]" in ''Austrobaileya'' vol. 8 (2011) pp. 412-430 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41965594 JSTOR] * <span id="Bean (2012)"></span>A. R. Bean, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270883800_A_taxonomic_revision_of_the_Solanum_echinatum_group_Solanaceae A taxonomic revision of the Solanum echinatum group (Solanaceae)]" in ''Phytotaxa'' vol. 57 (2012) * <span id="Bean (2016 a)"></span>A. R. Bean, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311571910_Taxonomic_novelties_in_the_Solanum_ferocissimum_group_Solanaceae_Solanum_subg_Leptostemonum_from_New_Guinea Taxonomic novelties in the Solanum ferocissimum group (Solanaceae: Solanum subg. Leptostemonum) from New Guinea]" in ''Austrobaileya'' vol. 9 (2016 [a]) pp. 560-599 [https://www.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/69080/bean-new-solanum-species-png-austrobaileya-v9s4-p560-599.pdf eadem res alibi] * <span id="Bean (2016 b)"></span>A. R. Bean, "[https://data.environment.sa.gov.au/Content/Publications/JABG29P023_Bean.pdf The Solanum petrophilum complex (Solanaceae) revised, with the description of three new species]" in ''Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens'' vol. 29 (2016 [b]) pp. 23–36 * <span id="Bohs (2004)"></span>[[Lynn Bohs]], "A Chloroplast DNA Phylogeny of Solanum Section Lasiocarpa" in ''Systematic Botany'' vol. 29 (2004) pp. 177-187 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25063947 JSTOR] * <span id="Heiser (1987)"></span>[[Carolus Bixler Heiser|Charles B. Heiser]], "Origins of Solanum lasiocarpum and S. repandum" in ''American Journal of Botany'' vol. 74 (1987) pp. 1045-1048 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2443943 JSTOR] * <span id="Knapp et al. (2017)"></span>[[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]] et al., "[https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=12695 A revision of the Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade, subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae)]" in ''PhytoKeys'' vol. 84 (2017) pp. 1–104 * <span id="Knapp et al. (2019)"></span>[[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], [[Gloria Barboza|Gloria E. Barboza]], [[Lynn Bohs]], [[Tiina Särkinen]], "[https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/31738/ A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America]" in ''PhytoKeys''vol. 123 (2019) pp. 1–174 * <span id="Levin et al. (2005)"></span>Rachel A. Levin, Kimberly Watson, [[Lynn Bohs]], "A Four-Gene Study of Evolutionary Relationships in Solanum Section Acanthophora" in ''American Journal of Botany'' vol. 92 (2005) pp. 603-612 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4126191 JSTOR] * <span id="Martine et al. (2019)"></span>Christopher T. Martine et al., "[https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207564 Phylogeny of the Australian Solanum dioicum group using seven nuclear genes, with consideration of Symon’s fruit and seed dispersal hypotheses]" in ''PLoS One'' vol. 14 (18 Aprilis 2019) e0207564 * <span id="Stern et Bohs (2016)"></span>Stephen Stern, [[Lynn Bohs]], "An Eight Marker Phylogeny of Solanum sect. Micracantha (Solanaceae)]" in ''Systematic Botany'' vol. 41 (2016) pp. 120-127 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/43949538 JSTOR] * <span id="Stern et al. (2010)"></span>Stephen R. Stern, Terri Weese, [[Lynn Bohs]], "Phylogenetic Relationships in Solanum Section Androceras (Solanaceae)" in ''Systematic Botany'' vol. 35 (2010) pp. 885-893 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40985562 JSTOR] * <span id="Stern et al. (2014)"></span>Stephen R. Stern, [[Lynn Bohs]], Jeffrey Keeling, "New Species and Combinations in Solanum section Androceras (Solanaceae)" in ''Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas'' vol. 8 (2014) pp. 1-7 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26549322 JSTOR] * <span id="Wahlert et al. (2014)"></span>Gregory A. Wahlert, Franco Chiarini, [[Lynn Bohs]], "Phylogeny of the Carolinense Clade of Solanum (Solanaceae) Inferred from Nuclear and Plastid DNA Sequences]" in ''Systematic Botany'' vol. 39 (2014) pp. 1208-1216 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24546309 JSTOR] * <span id="Wahlert et al. (2015)"></span>Gregory A. Wahlert, Franco E. Chiarini, [[Lynn Bohs]], "A Revision of Solanum Section Lathyrocarpum (the Carolinense Clade, Solanaceae)" in ''Systematic Botany'' vol. 40 (2015) pp. 853-887 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24546505 JSTOR] * Michael D. Whalen, Elizabeth E. Caruso, "Phylogeny in Solanum sect. Lasiocarpa (Solanaceae): Congruence of Morphological and Molecular Data" in ''Systematic Botany'' vol. 8 (1983) pp. 369-380 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2418356 JSTOR] * Michael D. Whalen, D. E. Costich, [[Carolus Bixler Heiser|Charles B. Heiser]], ''Taxonomy of Solanum Section Lasiocarpa''. Ithacae Novi Eboraci: Bailey Hortorium, 1981 ; De clado et cognatis melongenarum {{Vide-etiam|Solanum melongena#Bibliographia}} * <span id="Cericola et al. (2013)"></span>Fabio Cericola et al., "[https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0073702 The Population Structure and Diversity of Eggplant from Asia and the Mediterranean Basin]" in ''PLoS One'' vol. 8 (6 Septembris 2013) e73702 * [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], Maria S. Vorontsova, Jaime Prohens, "[https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0057039 Wild Relatives of the Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.: Solanaceae): New Understanding of Species Names in a Complex Group]" in ''PLoS One'' (22 Februarii 2013) * <span id="Martine et al. (2006)"></span>Christopher T. Martine et al., "Phylogenetic Relationships of Andromonoecious and Dioecious Australian Species of Solanum Subgenus Leptostemonum Section Melongena: Inferences from ITS Sequence Data" in ''Systematic Botany'' vol. 31 (2006) pp. 410-420 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25064163 JSTOR] * <span id="Meyer et al. (2012)"></span>Rachel S. Meyer, [[Michael Nee]] et al., [https://www.academia.edu/8275110/Phylogeographic_relationships_among_Asian_eggplants_and_new_perspectives_on_eggplant_domestication Phylogeographic relationships among Asian eggplants and new perspectives on eggplant domestication]" in ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' vol. 63 (2012) pp. 685-701 * <span id="Meyer et al. (2014)"></span>Rachel S. Meyer, Maryam Bamshad, Dorian Q. Fuller, Amy Litt, "Comparing Medicinal Uses of Eggplant and Related Solanaceae in China, India, and the Philippines Suggests the Independent Development of Uses, Cultural Diffusion, and Recent Species Substitutions" in ''Economic Botany'' vol. 68 (2014) pp. 137-152 * Evans Mutegi et al., "Genetic diversity and population structure of wild/weedy eggplant (Solanum insanum, Solanaceae) in southern India: Implications for conservation" in ''American Journal of Botany'' vol. 102 (2015) pp. 140-148 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/43826639 JSTOR] * John Samuels, "[https://www.academia.edu/25509611/Taxonomic_notes_on_several_wild_relatives_of_Solanum_melongena_L_Solanaceae_comments_on Taxonomic notes on several wild relatives of Solanum melongena L.(Solanaceae): Comments on Meyer et al. (2012)]" in ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' vol. 65 (2014) pp. 297-299 * Agnieszka Sękara, Stanisław Cebula, Edward Kunicki, "[https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1072.3022&rep=rep1&type=pdf Cultivated eggplants – origin, breeding objectives and genetic resources, a review]" in ''Folia horticulturae'' vol. 19 no. 1 (2007) pp. 97-114 * <span id=" Syfert et al. (2016)"></span>Mindy M. Syfert et al., "Crop wild relatives of the brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena): Poorly represented in genebanks and many species at risk of extinction" in ''American Journal of Botany'' vol. 103 (2016) pp. 635-651 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/43827372 JSTOR] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biologici}} * ''[https://solgenomics.net/ Solanaceae Genomics Network]'' * ''[https://solanaceaesource.myspecies.info/ Solanaceae Source]'' * "[https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/tropical-asian-spiny-solanums-2016 Tropical Asian spiny solanums (2016)]" apud ''Natural History Museum Data Portal'' * <span id="Bean (2012/2018)"></span>A. R. Bean, "[https://www.delta-intkey.com/solanum/index.htm Solanum species of eastern and northern Australia]" (2012/2018) * <span id="McClelland (2012)"></span>D. H. R. McClelland, "Systematics and taxonomy of Solanum sections Dunaliana and Irenosolanum (Solanaceae)" (dissertatio Universitatis Urbis Neo-Eboracensis) [https://cuny-network.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991022894669706121&context=L&vid=01CUNY_NETWORK:CUNY_NETWORK&lang=en&search_scope=IZ_CI_AW&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,McClelland%20%20Solanum&offset=0 Epitome] [[Categoria:Solanum subg. Leptostemonum|!]] [[Categoria:Subgenera plantarum]] [[Categoria:Taxa Bitter]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1919]] p2jhqmk7e2w910mi5kfsa5ag51owwh0 0 303401 3695765 3694430 2022-08-02T16:10:31Z YiFeiBot 69489 Bot 1 nexus intervici removet, quod nunc apud [[d:|Vicidata]] cum tessera [[d:q1573900]] sunt wikitext text/x-wiki {{In progressu}} '''Philosophia neoscholastica''' (vulgo ut thomismus neoscholasticus seu neothomismus ob momentum operum ab Thoma Aquinate scriptorum nota) est motus, qui mediaevalem philosophiam in theologia et philosophia Catholica Romana quae a medio saeculo 19 initium suum cepit. ==Initia== Medio aevo, philosophia scholastica norma philosophiae et theologiae communiter accepta facta est. Methodus scholasticus labi incohavit adventu humanismi saeculo 15 et 16, posteaquam eam a nonnullis eius assectatoribus rigidam et nimis formalem existimabant. Porro, ut ostendit J.A.Weisheipl, intra Ordinem Fratrum Minorum philosophia scholastica nunquam intermissa est, eamque ex tempore Aquinatis colebant. "Philosophia vero scholastica nunquam omnino evanuit. Motus magni momenti ad thomismum redivivum reddendum incepit a saeculo 16, litteras Scholasticas eminentibus collationibus locupletaturus. Thomas Caietanus (1469–1534), Gabriel Vásquez (1551–1604), Toletus (1532–1596), Fonseca (1528–1599), et praesertim Franciscus Suárez (1548–1617) profundi philosophi fuerunt, magistro illi, cuius principia adoptaverunt, digni.""<ref>Joseph Louis Perrier, The Revival of Scholastic Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century'', "Chapter VIII: "Chapter VIII: Forerunners of the Neo-Scholastic Revival," Accessed 1 August 2013</ref> "Philosophia thomistica semper vigebat inter Dominicanos, post reformationem, res novas Francicas et occupationem Napoleonicam. Lex Ordinis requisivit, ut omnes Dominicani doctrinam Sancti Thomae tam in philosophia quam in theologia praeciperent.""<ref>{{cite web |url=http://domcentral.org/blog/the-revival-of-thomism-an-historical-survey-weisheipl/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-08-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927202339/http://domcentral.org/blog/the-revival-of-thomism-an-historical-survey-weisheipl/ |archive-date=2013-09-27 }} "The Revival of Thomism: An Historical Survey", James Weisheipl, 1962.</ref> Continuitas diutina scholasticismi Dominicani derivatur ex indice hominum cum Pontificia Universitate a Sancto Thoma conexorum. ==Notae== [[Categoria: Philosophia]] 7opnhqfua1t2g8mx6lbnwj7zfo53127 0 303421 3695763 3694613 2022-08-02T15:30:11Z Andrew Dalby 1084 bibl wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | image = Arya - Solanum torvum in Indonesia - tekokak - Olahraga 2019 1.jpg | image_width = 200px | image_caption = ''Solanum torvum'' in [[Indonesia]] | regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicotyledones]] |unranked_ordo = [[Asteridae]] | ordo = [[Solanales]] | familia = [[Solanaceae]] | genus = ''[[Solanum (genus)|Solanum]]'' | subgenus = ''[[Solanum subg. Leptostemonum|Leptostemonum]]'' | species = ''Solanum torvum'' | species_authority = [[Olaus Swartz|Sw.]] }} '''''Solanum torvum''''' ([[binomen]] ab [[Olaus Swartz|Olao Swartz]] anno [[1788]] statutum) est [[Angiospermae|planta florens]] generis ''[[Solanum (genus)|Solani]]'' subgenerisque [[Solanum subg. Leptostemonum|Leptostemoni]]. == Bibliographia == * <span id="Aubriot et Knapp (2022)"></span>Xavier Aubriot, [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], "[https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=79514 A revision of the “spiny solanums” of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)]" in ''PhytoKeys'' vol. 198 (2022) pp. 1-270 * <span id="Aubriot et al. (2016)"></span>Xavier Aubriot, Paramjit Singh, [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/boj.12412 Tropical Asian species show that the Old World clade of ‘spiny solanums’ (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic]" in ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' vol. 181 (2016) pp. 199-223 * <span id="Bean (2003)"></span>A. R. Bean, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271197349_The_taxonomy_and_ecology_of_Solanum_subg_Leptostemonum_Dunal_Bitter_Solanaceae_in_Queensland_and_far_north-eastern_New_South_Wales_Australia The taxonomy and ecology of Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter (Solanaceae) in Queensland and far north-eastern New South Wales, Australia]" in ''Austrobaileya'' vol. 6 (2003) pp. 639-816 * <span id="Symon (1985)"></span>D. E. Symon, "[https://data.environment.sa.gov.au/Content/Publications/JABG08P001_Symon.pdf The Solanaceae of New Guinea]" in ''Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens'' vol. 8 (1985) pp. 1-171, vide pp. 152-154 * <span id="Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)"></span>Maria S. Vorontsova, [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], ''A Revision of the "Spiny Solanums", Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae) in Africa and Madagascar'' (''Systematic Botany Monographs'' vol. 99. 2016) [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26155476 JSTOR] * <span id="Vorontsova et al. (2013)"></span>Maria S. Vorontsova, Stephen Stern, [[Lynn Bohs]], [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], "[https://www.academia.edu/14967551/African_spiny_Solanum_subgenus_Leptostemonum_Solanaceae_a_thorny_phylogenetic_tangle African spiny Solanum (subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae): a thorny phylogenetic tangle]" in ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' vol. 173 (2013) pp. 176–193 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biologici}} {{CommuniaCat}} {{Vicispecies}} [[Categoria:Species plantarum]] [[Categoria:Fructus]] [[Categoria:Solanum subg. Leptostemonum]] [[Categoria:Taxa Swartz]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1788]] 508wuorbtn0juhbz1mdr6ibvbqifqi2 3695764 3695763 2022-08-02T16:05:16Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | image = Arya - Solanum torvum in Indonesia - tekokak - Olahraga 2019 1.jpg | image_width = 200px | image_caption = ''Solanum torvum'' in [[Indonesia]] | regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicotyledones]] |unranked_ordo = [[Asteridae]] | ordo = [[Solanales]] | familia = [[Solanaceae]] | genus = ''[[Solanum (genus)|Solanum]]'' | subgenus = ''[[Solanum subg. Leptostemonum|Leptostemonum]]'' | species = ''Solanum torvum'' | species_authority = [[Olaus Swartz|Sw.]] }} '''''Solanum torvum''''' ([[binomen]] ab [[Olaus Swartz|Olao Swartz]] anno [[1788]] statutum) est [[Angiospermae|planta florens]] generis ''[[Solanum (genus)|Solani]]'' subgenerisque [[Solanum subg. Leptostemonum|Leptostemoni]]. == Bibliographia == ; Fontes antiquiores * 1788 : [[Olaus Swartz|Olof Swartz]], ''Nova genera et species plantarum, seu Prodromus descriptionum vegetabilium'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/376766#page/55/mode/1up p. 47] ; Eruditio recentior * <span id="Aubriot et Knapp (2022)"></span>Xavier Aubriot, [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], "[https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=79514 A revision of the “spiny solanums” of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)]" in ''PhytoKeys'' vol. 198 (2022) pp. 1-270 * <span id="Aubriot et al. (2016)"></span>Xavier Aubriot, Paramjit Singh, [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/boj.12412 Tropical Asian species show that the Old World clade of ‘spiny solanums’ (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic]" in ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' vol. 181 (2016) pp. 199-223 * <span id="Bean (2003)"></span>A. R. Bean, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271197349_The_taxonomy_and_ecology_of_Solanum_subg_Leptostemonum_Dunal_Bitter_Solanaceae_in_Queensland_and_far_north-eastern_New_South_Wales_Australia The taxonomy and ecology of Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter (Solanaceae) in Queensland and far north-eastern New South Wales, Australia]" in ''Austrobaileya'' vol. 6 (2003) pp. 639-816 * <span id="Symon (1985)"></span>D. E. Symon, "[https://data.environment.sa.gov.au/Content/Publications/JABG08P001_Symon.pdf The Solanaceae of New Guinea]" in ''Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens'' vol. 8 (1985) pp. 1-171, vide pp. 152-154 * <span id="Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)"></span>Maria S. Vorontsova, [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], ''A Revision of the "Spiny Solanums", Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae) in Africa and Madagascar'' (''Systematic Botany Monographs'' vol. 99. 2016) [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26155476 JSTOR] * <span id="Vorontsova et al. (2013)"></span>Maria S. Vorontsova, Stephen Stern, [[Lynn Bohs]], [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]], "[https://www.academia.edu/14967551/African_spiny_Solanum_subgenus_Leptostemonum_Solanaceae_a_thorny_phylogenetic_tangle African spiny Solanum (subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae): a thorny phylogenetic tangle]" in ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' vol. 173 (2013) pp. 176–193 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biologici}} {{CommuniaCat}} {{Vicispecies}} [[Categoria:Species plantarum]] [[Categoria:Fructus]] [[Categoria:Solanum subg. Leptostemonum]] [[Categoria:Taxa Swartz]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1788]] du82k1al7zale7y9foj3jfhgpre2ilw 2 303432 3695846 3695526 2022-08-02T23:06:23Z Autonomous agent 5 151569 viginti septem ( = quattuordecim ) wikitext text/x-wiki abominari, aedes, ager, ara, arbor felix, attrectare, augur, auguraculum, augurium, auspex, auspicia, auspicia impetrativa, auspicia maiora, auspicia oblativa, auspicia privata, averruncare. bellum iustum caerimonia, calator, capite velato, carmen, castus castitas, cinctus gabinus, clavum figere, collegium, comitia calata, commentarii augurales, commentarii pontificum, coniectura, consecratio, cultus decretum, delubrum, detestatio sacrorum, deus dea di dii, devotio, dies imperii, dies lustricus, dies natalis, dies religiosus, dies vitiosus, dirae, disciplina Etrusca, divus, do ut des effatio, evocatio, exauguratio, eximius, exta fanaticus, fanum, fata deorum, fas, fasti, felix, feria, festus, fetial, finis, flamen, Fratres Arvales Gabinus hostia inauguratio, indigitamenta, invocatio, ius, ius divinum lectisternium, lex, libatio, liberatio, libri augurales, libri pontificales, litatio, lituus, lucus, ludi, Luperci, lustratio manubia, miraculum, mola salsa, monstrum, mundus nefandum, nefas, nefastus, nemus, nuntiatio obnuntiatio, observatio, omen, ostentarium, ostentum, ordo sacerdotum paludatus, pax deorum, piaculum, pius, pietas, pollucere, pontifex, popa, porricere, portentum, precatio, prex, prodigium, profanum, propitius; praepetes (aves), pulvinar regina sacrorum, religio, religiosus, res divinae, responsum, rex sacrorum, ritus, ritus graecus sacellum, sacer, sacerdos, sacra, sacra gentilicia, sacra municipalia, sacramentum, sacrarium, sacrificium, sacrosanctus, Salii, sancio, sanctus, servare de caelo, signum, silentium, sinister, sodalitas, spectio, sponsio, superstitio, supplicatio tabernaculum, templum verba certa, verba concepta, ver sacrum, victima, victimarius, vitium, vitulari, votum ----- Given that momentum in the universum understood after Lamaitre's theoria <ref>G. Lemaître « [https://archives.uclouvain.be/ark:/33176/dli000000eVnQ#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0 Un univers homogène de masse constante et de rayon croissant rendant compte de la vitesse radiale des nébuleuses extra-galactiques] », in Annales de la société scientifique de Bruxelles, volume 47A, p. 49-59, 1927. (url ici de l'archives de l'[[Université catholique de Louvain]])</ref>, has certain implications as to the originis of the current universum, the projection (in human consciousness) of tempus into praeterita indicates logically the existence of aeternitas, a factor which is unrefutable, given that something exists praeterita before the ''principium momentum'' ("constant et augendae radii ratio"), is obvious, and that should any theoria as to originis of the situ before the principium momentum seem more scientifically plausible than another, and consequently gain more favour and become more accepted, this creates the problem of the cause of the cause of principium momentum - ad infinitum, as each debate and acceptence of a cause creates the same situation of debate as to cause in the preceeding. Because there is no actual scientific method to examine the causes in the Lamaitre model due to the fact of no possibly identifiable evidence to prove the cause from the singularity, due to the fact of the singularity being infinitely dense and hot, is not a measure which has any possible inclusion to science at the factor "in infinitum" - just as universum extending into the praeterita in aeternum creates no scope for scientific examination as there is no data or evidence to locate at an eternal temporal location, as aeternitas is never locatable. Datam illam mutationem in universum intellectam post Lamaitre theoriam - habet quasdam tacitis condicionibus αλλαγή του σύμπαντος κατανοητή από τη θεωρία του Lamaitre - έχει ορισμένες επιπτώσεις ----- Accepting that the use of the word "infinitely" <ref>source here used only as one of any other example and was the first listed from search return https://www.space.com/25126-big-bang-theory.html</ref> negates any scientific examination this obviously additionally negates any possible answer that has any possible scientific value - since the necessity of proof from evidence, is science<ref>Loevinger, L. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29762257, [[American Bar Association|Aab]] 1992 - https://www.jstor.org/ ([[JSTOR]])</ref>, and there is no possible evidence to locate at the singularity. ----- Accepting tempus praeterita (το παρελθόν) at the initium (mysterium, arcanum, secretum, αρχή) of universum = α - at any tempus knowing α excludes the idea of aeternitas (ΑΆαά Ββ Γγ Δδ ΕΈεέ Ζζ ΗΉηή Θθ ΙΊιί Κκ Λλ Μμ Νν Ξξ ΟΌοό Ππ Ρρ Σσ ς Ττ ΥΎυύ Φφ Χχ Ψψ ΩΏ ωώ) - which is logically existing by scientia of numeri increasing or decreasing away from nulla (μηδέν), although the idea of aeternitas (αιωνιότης) is not shown by science and only exists in the mens humana, applying α into any doctrina shows there is no pre-existing littera to apply - ergo ΩΏ ωώ is the application which shows α - finis. Ω (forma imago ''simile est'') id est o[[:it:Megatone|megatone]] (= 21:01, 26 Iulii 2022‎) ΑΆαάἀἁἂἃἄἅἆἇἈἉἊἋἌἍἎἏ - ΩΏωώῲῳῴῶῷῸΌῺΏῼ ergo μοναδικότητα est ΑΆἈἉἊἋἌἍἎἏ ----- In the actually praesens ex tempore praesenti all information is possible, through the praeterita the moles of information available becomes minus, proportionate with the moles de tempus into the praeterita - i.e. minus info is available by plus past-time, ergo, if this is verum, the actual evidence and provability of the past of the universum is at some tempus nulla. Having therefore located this nulla this indicates since if this nulla existentia existed, the existentia of the same nulla state in the current universum, which is projecting into the futurum, since tota ex tempore praesenti existing things are connected to past things and future things (id est no possible nulla physica est ergo quanta physica < is not a reality (because no real to make reality from). ---- fin infini infinitum in fin enfin τέλος άπειρο ---- Ω Α ω (l'espace de le principium momentum - ante ''avant'') l'univers en le Graecae intellectus (planiciem aquae) α (principium momentum - antecessum ''avance'') EM towards (coelescing) and away (disintegrating) from existing - momentum E est le cause of change a1b2c3d4e5f6g7h8i9j10k11l12m13n14o15p16q17r8s9t20u1v2w3x4y5z6, Αα1 Ββ2 Γγ3 Δδ4 Εε5 Ζζ6 Ηη7 Θθ8 Ιι9 Κκ 10XΔ Λλ11 Μμ2 Νν3 Ξξ4 Οο5 Ππ6 Ρρ7 Σσς8 Ττ9 Υυ20 Φφ1 Χχ2 Ψψ3 ΩΏ4 ωώ5 abellana, corylus nucis: M, &,et, nulla - E, mediates, mediat, interpono; momentum ε ← quanta → inane,vacuum (inanis → ⇐ [[:wikt:ἐπιστήμη|ἐπιστήμη]]|| ''inexplicabilis'') ----- orange (frut) est orange building (construire) a building (batiment) e tern (momentum) it (chose) a (defini) e (avis) tern (oiselle) terminatio || expansum diffusilis ⇔ infin ← fin divisio terme e+m+pty << teg >> [[:wikt:bos|moo]] u c av est grande boom moo u (c av e)st ----- 5 + 13 = 18 ∞ (situ anglicus originis, quia ∞ originis est) Ω + 1ω = 1∞ (anglicus ⇔ anguli gradus est) divisioπ ----- "simbolo Mt" ⇐ divisio terme e+m+pty (16 + 20 = 36y) ----- 2(3)4 6 ∞ [[:it:Teoria dei twistor|∞ = 0]] <ref name=R>R. Penrose [https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.1705200 Twistor Algebra] Math. Phys. 8, 345 (1967); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1705200, https://aip.scitation.org/ 21 Dicembre 2004</ref>(valu) = ''inexplicabilis'' ----- (2)18 = 36 O = anguli gradus = ''academia'' (universum) 1← ⇒[2 3 4 (5) 6 (7) 8 (9)] ←[1 (0 = ∞) = 10 = 18] 24 ''tempus'' ⇒ 567 8 → (9)10 ∞|''inexplicabilis'' ----- etiam - diversus (universum) ammirabilis - paradoxon (''definitio, constitutum, liquidum'') ----- pre empt ⇔ antidate όχι ⇔ αριθμητική τιμή in motu continuo contra (αντίθεση) corporis (φυσικός) definitione et numero → μη αντιληπτό → κενός κενώ universum: θέμα θέσης - ουσία : αδειανός - ξενοίκιαστος :vocivus ----- infinitum semper recedit (κατά φαντασίαν, cosmos phantasmaticus), universum recedit - tum exteriora movere invisibilis ad maximum observatum spatium τέλος - τηλεσκόπιο ------ ∞ = naut (valu) = - ic (''inexplicabilis'') ----- ==Notae== {{reflist}} ==Bibliographia== https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=before+the+big+bang&btnG= (Universitas Osloensis) - Are Raklev & Torsten Bringmann ⇐ https://phys.org/news/2021-03-myths-big.html (Elise Kjørstad) Ahmed Farag Ali (Université de Banha), Saurya Das (Université de Lethbridge) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269314009381 ⇐ William Hall https://www.christianexaminer.com/news/scientists-say-no-big-bang-just-eternity.html ([https://archive.ph/wip/kzuUH archivum]) |(Universitas Chicaginiensis) J. B. Hartle and (Università della California, Universitas Cantabrigiensis) S. W. Hawking "...There are excited states which represent universes which expand from zero volume..." https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.28.2960/ ([https://archive.ph/Qfugs archivum]) ⇐ "..has a diameter of zero..smoothly expanded from a point of zero size..." https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-debate-hawkings-idea-that-the-universe-had-no-beginning-20190606/ (Wolchover)| ▷ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221268641300037X Robert J. Nemiroff (Université technologique du Michigan) https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/according-to-the-big-bang/ https://ahc.leeds.ac.uk/philosophy/staff/86/robin-le-poidevin file:///C:/Users/a1b2c/Downloads/10.4324_9780203422069_previewpdf.pdf Abed Peerally (Université de Maurice) https://rxiv.org/abs/1710.0085 R. Penrose [https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.1705200 Twistor Algebra] Math. Phys. 8, 345 (1967); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1705200, https://aip.scitation.org/ 21 Dicembre 2004 [http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/component/authorlist/author/68-lukasw Lukas Wenzl] http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/our-solar-system/the-moon/101-the-universe/cosmology-and-the-big-bang/general-questions/1098-but-seriously-what-was-there-before-the-big-bang-beginner http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/ 1i96dvd7r679t9bypsl658ynm5zarkb 0 303459 3695789 3695585 2022-08-02T18:41:49Z Petrus Tectander 55452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:IS-bessastadastofa.jpg|thumb|Villa Bessastadensis]] '''Bessastadae''' {{victio|Bessastadae|arum|f}}<ref>Finni Iohannaei ''Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae,'' tom. 3, Hafniae 1775, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Responsio_apologetica_ad_Johannis_Erici/6LobAAAAMAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=bessastadas&pg=PA446&printsec=frontcover p. 446.]</ref><ref>Gerhard Schøning (ed.): ''Heimskringla edr Noregs Konunga-Sögor, af Snorra Sturlusyni; Snorre Sturlesøns Norske Kongers Historie; Historia Regum Norvegicorum conscripta a Snorrio Sturlae filio,'' tom. 1, Hafniae 1777, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Heimskringla_edr_Noregs_Konungasogor_af/jWUnZLOqqdUC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=bessastadas&pg=PR41&printsec=frontcover p. XLI.]</ref><ref>''Kormáks saga, sive Kormaki Oegmundi filii vita.'' Hafniae 1832, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Kormaks_saga_sive_Kormaki_Œgmundi_filii/hT69UkcNqF8C?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=bessastadas&pg=RA3-PA254&printsec=frontcover p. 253.]</ref> (seu rarius '''Bessastadi''' {{victio|Bessastadi|orum|m}}<ref>Sveinbjörn Egilsson (ed.): ''Edda Snorra Sturlusonar; Edda Snorronis Sturlaei,'' tom. 3, Hafniae 1880-87, p. 658; Pétur Pétursson: ''Historia ecclesiastica Islandiae. Ab anno 1740, ad annum 1840,'' Hafniae 1841, pp. 365, 387; vide [https://baekur.is/search?facetBook=&facetAuthor=&facetVolume=&facetFromTo=&searchType=TEXT&titleSearchText=bessastadae&authorSearchText=&keywordSearchText=&searchText=bessastados hic] in interreti.</ref> et rarissime '''Bessastadium'''<ref>Hieronymus Freyer: ''Erster Abriß der Geographie nach der neuen Zeit für die anfangende Jugend.'' Halae Saxonum 1733, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Abriß_der_Geographie/3T5hAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=RA16-PP3&printsec=frontcover p. 161]; Johann Joachim Schwabe: ''Vollständige Einleitung zur Geographischen Wissenschaft, nach der neuen und alten Zeit.'' Regiomontii 1782, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Vollständige_Einleitung_zur_Geographisc/6xipcHHazcwC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=scalotum&pg=PA168&printsec=frontcover p. 168]</ref>, quamvis nomen [[Lingua Islandica|Islandicum]] sit masculini generis ''Bessastaðir''), sunt [[villa]] in [[Commune|communi]] [[Islandia|Islandico]] Garðabær sita (usque ad annum [[2012]] communi [[Álftanes]] addicta), parvo intervallo a capite [[Reykiavica]] distans. Effossionibus [[Archaeologia|archaeologicis]] planum factum est eum locum [[Saeculum 9|saeculo 9]] inhabitari coepisse. [[Saeculum 13|Saeculo 13]] [[Snorro Sturlaeus]] ibi [[Fundus|fundum]] habebat, qui anno [[1241]] Snorrone occiso in possessionem [[Hacon IV (rex Norvegiae)|Haconis IV]], Norvegiae regis, transiit. Ex eo tempore usque ad iniens [[saeculum 19]] villa Bessastadensis fuit sedes praefectorum insulae, qui quotannis administrationis causa in Islandiam mittebantur: primum praefectorum [[Norvegia|Norvegicorum]] [[Medium aevum|aetate media]], deinde [[Dania|Danicorum]] a [[Saeculum 16|saeculo 16]] mediante. Villa cum exornata esset munimento tormentis bellicis instructo (Islandice ''Bessastaðaskans''), feliciter restitit repentino [[Abductio Turcica|impetui]] anno [[1627]] a [[Pirata|piratis]] in Bessastadas temptato. Villa Bessastadensis ''(Bessastaðastofa)'', quae nunc est, inde ab anno [[1761]] usque ad annum [[1766]] aedificata est. In hoc aedificio inter annos [[1805]] et [[1846]] fuit Schola Bessastadensis ''(Bessastaðaskóla)'', ubi nonnulli hominum amplissimorum Islandiae studiorum causa versabantur. Bessastadae anno [[1867]] emptae sunt a [[Grimus Thomsen|Grimo Thomsen]], [[Politicus|viro rerum civilium perito]] et [[Poesis|poeta]] Islandico, qui ibidem usque ad mortem vixit. Inter eos, qui postea Bessastadas possederunt, fuerunt editor et senator Skulius Thoroddsen eiusque uxor Theodora, poetria Islandica, et Sigurdus Ionae filius, qui villam Bessastadensem cum omnibus aedificiis adiacentibus anno [[1941]] civitati donavit.<ref>De formis Latinis nominum Islandorum, vide [[Index formarum Latinarum nominum Islandicorum|Indicem formarum Latinarum nominum Islandicorum]].</ref> Postquam libera res publica Islandiae anno [[1944]] condita est, [[Praeses Islandiae|praeses Islandiae]] in villa Bessastadensi residere solet.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150723020443/http://english.forseti.is/ThePresidentialResidence/ The Presidential Residence]</ref> == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Bessastaðir|Bessastadas}} {{Fontes geographici}} * Situs publicus: [https://www.forseti.is/premises/bessastadir/ Forsetasetrið á Bessastöðum (Sedes praesidis Bessastadis)] {{ling|Islandice|Anglice|Polonice|Danice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150723020443/http://english.forseti.is/ThePresidentialResidence/ ''Bessastaðir, the Presidential Residence''] [[Categoria:Islandia]] l6xxtm2bktmuheuvd9c6fhxonhdm39d 10 303461 3695774 3695623 2022-08-02T17:53:26Z Frontfrog 145193 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:POxy v0017 n2099 a 01 hires.jpg|thumb|170px| [[The Oxyrhynchus Papyri|Papyrus Oxyrhynchus]] 2099ː fragmentum libri octavi ''Historiarum''. Secundo saeculo p.C.]] '''''Historiae''''' (Graece: ἱστορίαι, ''historíai'' „explorationes“) sunt narrationes rerum gestarum ab [[Herodotus|Herodoto]] saeculo quinto a.C.n. compositae. Hoc opus novem in libros dividi solet et unicuique eorum nomen unius e novem Musis inscriptum est. Res gestas inter annos 700 usque 479 a.C.n. continet, imprimis tamen ad bella inter Persas et Graecos gesta spectat. In litteris occidentalibus hoc opus primum ad [[Genus litterarum|genus]] historicum adsignari solet et Herodotus Ciceronianis verbis "pater historiae" appellatur. Propositum suum prima sententia ''Historiarum'' nuntiat Herodotus ː magna facinora Graecorum et Barbarorum referre vult ne oblivione obruerentur atque in primis causas cur sibi invicem bellum intulerint. Quod etiamsi non multum ab Homerico proposito in ''[[Ilias|Iliade]]'' abest, nihilominus non eodem modo quo poetae [[Bellum Troianum]] narraverunt res gestas bellorum Persicorum lectoribus tradendas suscepit Herodotus ː nam fontes quam plurimos collegit in diversissimas regiones peregrinatus et omnes homines quos aliquid scire suspicabatur interrogavit. '''[[Historiae (Herodotus)|...]]''' 1w6yqof222ctzmf2fp47w9o3r72fltp 0 303469 3695755 2022-08-02T12:45:11Z Neander 1973 Paginam instituit, scribens ''''''Leviathan''''' est liber de [[philosophia politica]], quem [[Thomas Hobbius]] ([[1588]]-[[1679]]), [[philosophus]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]], anno [[1649]] et proximo scripsit, Anno [[1651]] hoc [[magnum opus]] e prelo exiit. Nam [[bellum civile Anglicum]] anno [[1642]] exarserat, et post vices tortuosas evenerat rei publicae plena victoria. Amici ordinis translaticii perterriti sunt hoc processu rerum, cuius fastigium fuit supplicium [[Carolus I|Caroli I]] anno...' wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Leviathan''''' est liber de [[philosophia politica]], quem [[Thomas Hobbius]] ([[1588]]-[[1679]]), [[philosophus]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]], anno [[1649]] et proximo scripsit, Anno [[1651]] hoc [[magnum opus]] e prelo exiit. Nam [[bellum civile Anglicum]] anno [[1642]] exarserat, et post vices tortuosas evenerat rei publicae plena victoria. Amici ordinis translaticii perterriti sunt hoc processu rerum, cuius fastigium fuit supplicium [[Carolus I|Caroli I]] anno [[1649]] factum. Fieri potest, ut harum [[res novae|rerum novarum]] causa [[philosophia socialis]] in cogitatione Hobbii praecipuum locum obtineret. Quo opere inimicos undique habebat. Praesertim iram ecclesiae catholicae commovit. Haec de causis operis protulisse satis est. == Contractus socialis, condicio pacis == Argumentum notissimum operis ''Leviathan'' est doctrina [[status naturae]], [[contractus socialis]] et principis sui iuris sive [[superanus|superani]]<ref>Hobbius [[verbum (generale)|verbo]] ''soveraign'' usus est, quod ordine ad ''superanum'' reduci potest. ''Superanus'' usu receptum est a {{Morgan}}.</ref> (''soveraign''). Hobbius primus suas opiniones ratione et cohaerenti ordine protulit, quamquam sine dubio antecessores habebat. == Notae == <references /> 5hebf7qc0m6rlev7qaehk1xwrks50ru 3695773 3695755 2022-08-02T17:36:54Z Neander 1973 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes.jpg|thumb|Frons libri ''Leviathan'' ab [[Abraham Bosse]] incisa.]] '''''Leviathan''''' est liber de [[philosophia politica]], quem [[Thomas Hobbius]] ([[1588]]-[[1679]]), [[philosophus]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]], anno [[1649]] et proximo scripsit, Anno [[1651]] hoc [[magnum opus]] e prelo exiit. Nam [[bellum civile Anglicum]] anno [[1642]] exarserat, et post vices tortuosas evenerat rei publicae plena victoria. Amici ordinis translaticii perterriti sunt hoc processu rerum, cuius fastigium fuit supplicium [[Carolus I|Caroli I]] anno [[1649]] factum. Fieri potest, ut harum [[res novae|rerum novarum]] causa [[philosophia socialis]] in cogitatione Hobbii praecipuum locum obtineret. Quo opere inimicos undique habebat. Praesertim iram ecclesiae catholicae commovit. Haec de causis operis protulisse satis est. == Contractus socialis, condicio pacis == Argumentum notissimum operis ''Leviathan'' est doctrina [[status naturae]], [[contractus socialis]] et principis sui iuris sive [[superanus|superani]]<ref>Hobbius [[verbum (generale)|verbo]] ''soveraign'' usus est, quod ordine ad ''superanum'' reduci potest. ''Superanus'' usu receptum est a {{Morgan}}.</ref> (''sovereign''). Hobbius primus suas opiniones ratione et cohaerenti ordine protulit, etsi sine dubio antecessores haberet. Incipit ab indole hominis, penitusque animi motus ingeniaque, quae actiones hominis regere videntur, depingit. Quas ob causas naturale esse dicit homines in mutua diffidentia suum commodum expetere. Ita fit, ut status naturae — id est status in quo homines nulla auctoritate reguntur — [[bellum omnium contra omnes]] sit. In eo statu, ut Hobbius praeclarissime dixit, "valet perpetuus metus ac periculum violentae mortis, et vita hominis solitaria est, misera, prava, fera, brevis."<ref>''Leviathan'', caput XIII.</ref> == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 17]] 7vosqz994ombo3ld8y5jrbvpg7yz7ej 0 303470 3695777 2022-08-02T18:10:21Z Petrus Tectander 55452 Petrus Tectander movit paginam [[Scalotum]] ad [[Scalholtum]]: Scalotum -> Scalholtum (vide disputationem) wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Scalholtum]] s1gcq26bquanpn6cwh4q1r8os4g4jo3 1 303471 3695779 2022-08-02T18:10:21Z Petrus Tectander 55452 Petrus Tectander movit paginam [[Disputatio:Scalotum]] ad [[Disputatio:Scalholtum]]: Scalotum -> Scalholtum (vide disputationem) wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Disputatio:Scalholtum]] 3x1ulyxonocx7usv2ryfg5adb3xr06t 14 303472 3695785 2022-08-02T18:21:44Z Petrus Tectander 55452 Petrus Tectander movit paginam [[Categoria:Episcopi Schalholtiae]] ad [[Categoria:Episcopi Scalholtenses]]: Schalholtiae -> Scalholtenses wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:Categoria:Episcopi Scalholtenses]] k028svoitpd27qgyww3bxqu7xq6g6p7 0 303473 3695787 2022-08-02T18:33:11Z Njodom 89348 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1101569158|Gilbert Ryle]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox philosopher|region=[[Western philosophy]]|era=[[20th-century philosophy]]|image=Rex Whistler - Gilbert Ryle, Fellow.jpg|caption=Portrait by [[Rex Whistler]]|name=Gilbert Ryle|birth_date=19 August 1900|birth_place=[[Brighton]], England|death_date=6 October 1976 (aged 76)|death_place=[[Whitby]], England|alma_mater=[[The Queen's College, Oxford]]|school_tradition={{hlist | [[Analytic philosophy]] | [[logical behaviourism]]<ref>{{cite SEP |url-id=behaviorism |title=Behaviorism}}</ref><ref>[[Neil Tennant (philosopher)|Neil Tennant]], ''Introducing Philosophy: God, Mind, World, and Logic'', Routledge, 2015, p. 299.</ref>}}|doctoral_students={{flatlist| * [[Daniel Dennett]] * [[Colin Radford]] }}|notable_students={{flatlist| * [[A. J. Ayer]] * [[G.&nbsp;A. Cohen]] * [[Antony Flew]] * [[Þorsteinn Gylfason]] * [[Bernard Williams]] }}|main_interests={{hlist | [[Philosophy of language]] | [[ordinary language philosophy]] | [[philosophy of mind]] | [[behaviourism]] | [[meaning (philosophy of language)|meaning]] | [[cognition]]}}|influences={{flatlist| * [[René Descartes]] * [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] * [[Herbert James Paton]]<ref>Stuart Brown, Diane Collinson, Robert Wilkinson (eds), ''Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers'', Routledge, 2012: "Paton, Herbert James."</ref> * [[Edmund Husserl]]<ref>Edmund Husserl, ''[[Logical Investigations (Husserl)|Logical Investigations]]'', Volume 1, Routledge & Keegan Paul, 2001: Introduction by Dermot Moran, p. lxiv: "Husserl... visited England in 1922 intent on establishing relations with English philosopherss.... He delivered a number of lectures which were attended by Gilbert Ryle...."</ref> }}|influenced={{flatlist| * [[J.&nbsp;L. Austin]] * [[A.&nbsp;J. Ayer]] * [[John Searle]] * [[R.&nbsp;M. Hare]] * [[Wilfrid Sellars]] * [[Daniel Dennett]] * [[Richard Webster (British author)|Richard Webster]] * [[Ullin Place]] * [[Clifford Geertz]] * [[G.&nbsp;A. Cohen]] * [[P.&nbsp;F. Strawson]] * [[Michael Dummett]]<ref>[[Michael Dummett]], ''Origins of Analytical Philosophy'', Bloombury, 2014, p. xiii; Anat Biletzki, Anat Matarp (eds.), ''The Story of Analytic Philosophy: Plot and Heroes'', Routledge, 2002, p. 57: "It was Gilbert Ryle who, [Dummett] says, opened his eyes to this fact in his lectures on Bolzano, Brentano, Meinong, and Husserl."</ref> * [[Þorsteinn Gylfason]] * [[J.&nbsp;J.&nbsp;C. Smart]] * [[Alan&nbsp;R. White]] }}|notable_ideas={{hlist | [[Category mistake]] | [[Ryle's regress]] | [[ordinary language philosophy]] | [[ghost in the machine]] | [[thick description]] vs thin description | [[procedural knowledge|knowing-how]] vs. [[descriptive knowledge|knowing-that]] | topic neutrality<ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logical-constants/ Logical Constants (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)]</ref>}}}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Infobox philosopher|region=[[Western philosophy]]|era=[[20th-century philosophy]]|image=Rex Whistler - Gilbert Ryle, Fellow.jpg|caption=Portrait by [[Rex Whistler]]|name=Gilbert Ryle|birth_date=19 August 1900|birth_place=[[Brighton]], England|death_date=6 October 1976 (aged 76)|death_place=[[Whitby]], England|alma_mater=[[The Queen's College, Oxford]]|school_tradition={{hlist | [[Analytic philosophy]] | [[logical behaviourism]]<ref>{{cite SEP |url-id=behaviorism |title=Behaviorism}}</ref><ref>[[Neil Tennant (philosopher)|Neil Tennant]], ''Introducing Philosophy: God, Mind, World, and Logic'', Routledge, 2015, p. 299.</ref>}}|doctoral_students={{flatlist| * [[Daniel Dennett]] * [[Colin Radford]] }}|notable_students={{flatlist| * [[A. J. Ayer]] * [[G.&nbsp;A. Cohen]] * [[Antony Flew]] * [[Þorsteinn Gylfason]] * [[Bernard Williams]] }}|main_interests={{hlist | [[Philosophy of language]] | [[ordinary language philosophy]] | [[philosophy of mind]] | [[behaviourism]] | [[meaning (philosophy of language)|meaning]] | [[cognition]]}}|influences={{flatlist| * [[René Descartes]] * [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] * [[Herbert James Paton]]<ref>Stuart Brown, Diane Collinson, Robert Wilkinson (eds), ''Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers'', Routledge, 2012: "Paton, Herbert James."</ref> * [[Edmund Husserl]]<ref>Edmund Husserl, ''[[Logical Investigations (Husserl)|Logical Investigations]]'', Volume 1, Routledge & Keegan Paul, 2001: Introduction by Dermot Moran, p. lxiv: "Husserl... visited England in 1922 intent on establishing relations with English philosopherss.... He delivered a number of lectures which were attended by Gilbert Ryle...."</ref> }}|influenced={{flatlist| * [[J.&nbsp;L. Austin]] * [[A.&nbsp;J. Ayer]] * [[John Searle]] * [[R.&nbsp;M. Hare]] * [[Wilfrid Sellars]] * [[Daniel Dennett]] * [[Richard Webster (British author)|Richard Webster]] * [[Ullin Place]] * [[Clifford Geertz]] * [[G.&nbsp;A. Cohen]] * [[P.&nbsp;F. Strawson]] * [[Michael Dummett]]<ref>[[Michael Dummett]], ''Origins of Analytical Philosophy'', Bloombury, 2014, p. xiii; Anat Biletzki, Anat Matarp (eds.), ''The Story of Analytic Philosophy: Plot and Heroes'', Routledge, 2002, p. 57: "It was Gilbert Ryle who, [Dummett] says, opened his eyes to this fact in his lectures on Bolzano, Brentano, Meinong, and Husserl."</ref> * [[Þorsteinn Gylfason]] * [[J.&nbsp;J.&nbsp;C. Smart]] * [[Alan&nbsp;R. White]] }}|notable_ideas={{hlist | [[Category mistake]] | [[Ryle's regress]] | [[ordinary language philosophy]] | [[ghost in the machine]] | [[thick description]] vs thin description | [[procedural knowledge|knowing-how]] vs. [[descriptive knowledge|knowing-that]] | topic neutrality<ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logical-constants/ Logical Constants (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)]</ref>}}}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Gilbertus Ryle''' (19 Augusti 1900 – die 6 Octobris 1976) philosophus Britannicus fuit, praecipue notus ob censuram dualismi Cartesianae, pro qua locutionem "ghost in the machine" (latine "genius in machina") effinxit. Erat repraesentativus generationis ordinary language philosophy, sive [translation], Britannica, quae schola [approach] quaestionum philosopharum [[Ludovicus Wittgenstein|Ludovici Wittgenstein]] [communicavit].<ref>[[A. C. Grayling]] (''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kYUFhlIRZA4C&pg=PT169 Wittgenstein: A Very Short Introduction],'' Oxford University Press, (Oxford), 1988, p.114) is certain that, despite the fact that Wittgenstein's work ''might'' have possibly played some "''second or third-hand [part in the promotion of] the philosophical concern for language which was dominant in the mid-century''", ''neither'' Gilbert Ryle ''nor'' any of those in the so-called "[[ordinary language philosophy]]" school that is chiefly associated with [[J. L. Austin]] (and, according to Grayling, [[G. E. Moore]], [[C. D. Broad]], [[Bertrand Russell]] and [[A. J. Ayer]]) were Wittgensteinians. </ref> Nonnullae Ryle ideae in philosophia mentis [behaviorist] habentur. In notissimo libro suo, ''The Concept of Mind'' (1949, ''latine'' ''Notio mentis''), [scribit "generalis inclinatio huius libri proculdubio et innoxia notificabitur "morum mores"]. <ref>Ryle, Gilbert. [1949] 2002. </ref> [[[[Bernardus Bolzano|Bernardo Bolzano]], Franz Brentano, Alexio Meinong, [[Edmundus Husserl|Edmundo Husserl]], et [[Martinus Heidegger|Martino Heidegger]]], Ryle [philosophis operam dedit, librum potius "in [[Phaenomenologia|phaenomenologiae phaenomenologiae]] constanti commentario describi posse, si domi es cum pittacio"]. <ref>Ryle, Gilbert. 1971. </ref> == Vita == === Gens === Pater Gilberti Ryle, Reginaldus Ioannes Ryle, doctor [[Brightonia|'''Bristelmestunae''']] fuit. [a generalist who had interests in philosophy and [[:en:Astronomy|astronomy]]], ad suos liberos magnam bibliothecam tradidit. Qui filius Ioannis Caroli Ryle, primi [[Anglicanismus|Anglicani]] Liverpool episcopi, erat.<ref>Ryle ('Modern Studies in Philosophy' series), ed. </ref><ref>Faith in the Age of Science: Atheism, Religion, and the Big Yellow Crane, Mark Silversides, Sacristy Press, 2012, p. 157</ref> Familia Ryle pars nobilitatis Castrensis erat; Gilberti frater natu maior, Ioannes Alfredus Ryle, [Barkhale, Sussexiae] paterfamilias factus est. [antecessor] suus, Johannes Ryle, mercator sericorum, amicus theologi et evangelistae [[Ioannes Wesley|Joannis Wesley]] fuit. [membra huius familiae Ryle includunt [] sericorum ("pater Civitatum Foederatarum industriae serici") John Ryle, necnon eius nepotem et socium negotium, William .] Mater Gilberti, Catherine, filia Samuele King Scott, frater natu minoris [[Georgius Gilbertus Scott|Georgii Gilberti Scoti]] architecti, et Georgina eius uxore nata, quae filia Gulielmi Hulme Bodley, MD, sororque [[Georgius Bodley|Georgii Frederick Bodley]] architecti, ipsius Georgii fratris discipuli, erat. [Cognati familiae Ryle sic includunt haematologum Ronald Bodley Scott, Georgium Gilbertum Scotum architectum Jr., Watts <nowiki>&</nowiki>amp; Co. conditorem, eiusque filium Aegidium Gilbertum Scotum, stationem potentiae Batterseae designatorem .] <ref>Burke's Landed Gentry, 18th edition, vol. 1, 1965, ed. </ref> === Pueritia et eruditio === Gilbertus Ryle, Bristelmestunae in Anglia die 19 Augusti 1900 natus, [in an environment of learning] educabatur. Eruditus in Collegio Brighton et anno 1919 Collegium Reginae [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Oxonii]] ad studia [[Res classicae|classica]] adveniens, mox vero ad philosophiam tractus est. [graduated with] "triple first" ([triple first]): [honores primos in classicis Honoris Moderationibus (1921), ''literae humaniores'' (1923), philosophiam, politicam et oeconomicam (MCMXXIV) accepit.] === Decursus vitae === Anno 1924, Ryle lector in philosophia [[Aedes Christi (Oxonia)|Oxoniensi]] collegio [[Aedes Christi (Oxonia)|Aedibus Christi]] creatus est. Sequente anno [[Comes (academicus)|comes]] praeceptorque in Ecclesia Christi factus est, quo usque ad annum 1940 permansit. == Opus == === ''Notio Mentis'' === Ryle in ''Notione mentis'' argumentatur dualismum implicare categoriam erratorum et ineptias philosophicas, duas argumenta philosophica, quae opus Ryle informare permiserunt. Rhetorice interrogavit discipulos in auditorio suo 1967–68 Oxford quid mali esset, dicens tria esse in agro: duas vaccas et par boum. Invitati sunt etiam ad cogitandum utrum bunghole dolii cervisiae sit pars dolii necne. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-philosophy.com/ryle-concept-mind-summary|title=Ryle: The concept of mind (Summary)|date=3 June 2012|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-03}}</ref> <nowiki> [[Categoria:Philosophi mentis]] [[Categoria:Philosophi linguae]] [[Categoria:Phaenomenologi]] [[Categoria:Ontologi]] [[Categoria:Metaphysici]] [[Categoria:Epistemologi]] [[Categoria:Philosophi Angliae]] [[Categoria:Philosophi Aristoteliani]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1976]] [[Categoria:Nati 1900]]</nowiki> dfzd94edmn3b4gnyz8sffzyw6fjof9t 3695831 3695787 2022-08-02T21:01:38Z Njodom 89348 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1101569158|Gilbert Ryle]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox philosopher|region=[[Western philosophy]]|era=[[20th-century philosophy]]|image=Rex Whistler - Gilbert Ryle, Fellow.jpg|caption=Portrait by [[Rex Whistler]]|name=Gilbert Ryle|birth_date=19 August 1900|birth_place=[[Brighton]], England|death_date=6 October 1976 (aged 76)|death_place=[[Whitby]], England|alma_mater=[[The Queen's College, Oxford]]|school_tradition={{hlist | [[Analytic philosophy]] | [[logical behaviourism]]<ref>{{cite SEP |url-id=behaviorism |title=Behaviorism}}</ref><ref>[[Neil Tennant (philosopher)|Neil Tennant]], ''Introducing Philosophy: God, Mind, World, and Logic'', Routledge, 2015, p. 299.</ref>}}|doctoral_students={{flatlist| * [[Daniel Dennett]] * [[Colin Radford]] }}|notable_students={{flatlist| * [[A. J. Ayer]] * [[G.&nbsp;A. Cohen]] * [[Antony Flew]] * [[Þorsteinn Gylfason]] * [[Bernard Williams]] }}|main_interests={{hlist | [[Philosophy of language]] | [[ordinary language philosophy]] | [[philosophy of mind]] | [[behaviourism]] | [[meaning (philosophy of language)|meaning]] | [[cognition]]}}|influences={{flatlist| * [[René Descartes]] * [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] * [[Herbert James Paton]]<ref>Stuart Brown, Diane Collinson, Robert Wilkinson (eds), ''Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers'', Routledge, 2012: "Paton, Herbert James."</ref> * [[Edmund Husserl]]<ref>Edmund Husserl, ''[[Logical Investigations (Husserl)|Logical Investigations]]'', Volume 1, Routledge & Keegan Paul, 2001: Introduction by Dermot Moran, p. lxiv: "Husserl... visited England in 1922 intent on establishing relations with English philosopherss.... He delivered a number of lectures which were attended by Gilbert Ryle...."</ref> }}|influenced={{flatlist| * [[J.&nbsp;L. Austin]] * [[A.&nbsp;J. Ayer]] * [[John Searle]] * [[R.&nbsp;M. Hare]] * [[Wilfrid Sellars]] * [[Daniel Dennett]] * [[Richard Webster (British author)|Richard Webster]] * [[Ullin Place]] * [[Clifford Geertz]] * [[G.&nbsp;A. Cohen]] * [[P.&nbsp;F. Strawson]] * [[Michael Dummett]]<ref>[[Michael Dummett]], ''Origins of Analytical Philosophy'', Bloombury, 2014, p. xiii; Anat Biletzki, Anat Matarp (eds.), ''The Story of Analytic Philosophy: Plot and Heroes'', Routledge, 2002, p. 57: "It was Gilbert Ryle who, [Dummett] says, opened his eyes to this fact in his lectures on Bolzano, Brentano, Meinong, and Husserl."</ref> * [[Þorsteinn Gylfason]] * [[J.&nbsp;J.&nbsp;C. Smart]] * [[Alan&nbsp;R. White]] }}|notable_ideas={{hlist | [[Category mistake]] | [[Ryle's regress]] | [[ordinary language philosophy]] | [[ghost in the machine]] | [[thick description]] vs thin description | [[procedural knowledge|knowing-how]] vs. [[descriptive knowledge|knowing-that]] | topic neutrality<ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logical-constants/ Logical Constants (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)]</ref>}}}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Gilbertus Ryle''' (19 Augusti 1900 – die 6 Octobris 1976) philosophus Britannicus fuit,<ref>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/</ref> notus praecipue propter obtrectationem [[Dualismus|dualismi]] [[Renatus Cartesius|Cartesiani]], [pro qua locutionem "ghost in the machine" (latine "genius in machina") effinxit]. Erat repraesentativus generationis ordinary language philosophy, sive [translation], Britannica, quae schola [approach] quaestionum philosopharum [[Ludovicus Wittgenstein|Ludovici Wittgenstein]] [communicavit].<ref>[[A. C. Grayling]] (''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kYUFhlIRZA4C&pg=PT169 Wittgenstein: A Very Short Introduction],'' Oxford University Press, (Oxford), 1988, p.114) is certain that, despite the fact that Wittgenstein's work ''might'' have possibly played some "''second or third-hand [part in the promotion of] the philosophical concern for language which was dominant in the mid-century''", ''neither'' Gilbert Ryle ''nor'' any of those in the so-called "[[ordinary language philosophy]]" school that is chiefly associated with [[J. L. Austin]] (and, according to Grayling, [[G. E. Moore]], [[C. D. Broad]], [[Bertrand Russell]] and [[A. J. Ayer]]) were Wittgensteinians. </ref> Nonnullae Ryle ideae in philosophia mentis [behaviorist] habentur. In notissimo libro suo, ''[[Conceptus Mentis|The Concept of Mind]]'' (1949, latine ''Notio mentis''), ["generalis inclinatio huius libri proculdubio et innoxia notificabitur "morum mores"] scripsit.<ref>Ryle, Gilbert. [1949] 2002. </ref> [[[[Bernardus Bolzano|Bernardo Bolzano]], Franz Brentano, Alexio Meinong, [[Edmundus Husserl|Edmundo Husserl]], et [[Martinus Heidegger|Martino Heidegger]]], Ryle [philosophis operam dedit, librum potius "in [[Phaenomenologia|phaenomenologiae phaenomenologiae]] constanti commentario describi posse, si domi es cum pittacio"]. <ref>Ryle, Gilbert. 1971. </ref> == Vita == === Gens === Pater Gilberti Ryle, Reginaldus Ioannes Ryle, doctor [[Brightonia|'''Bristelmestunae''']] fuit. [a generalist who had interests in philosophy and [[:en:Astronomy|astronomy]]], ad suos liberos magnam bibliothecam tradidit. Qui filius Ioannis Caroli Ryle, primi [[Anglicanismus|Anglicani]] Liverpool episcopi, erat.<ref>Ryle ('Modern Studies in Philosophy' series), ed. </ref><ref>Faith in the Age of Science: Atheism, Religion, and the Big Yellow Crane, Mark Silversides, Sacristy Press, 2012, p. 157</ref> Familia Ryle pars nobilitatis Castrensis erat; Gilberti frater natu maior, Ioannes Alfredus Ryle, [Barkhale, Sussexiae] paterfamilias factus est. [antecessor] suus, Johannes Ryle, mercator sericorum, amicus theologi et evangelistae [[Ioannes Wesley|Joannis Wesley]] fuit. [membra huius familiae Ryle includunt [] sericorum ("pater Civitatum Foederatarum industriae serici") John Ryle, necnon eius nepotem et socium negotium, William .] Mater Gilberti, Catherine, filia Samuele King Scott, frater natu minoris [[Georgius Gilbertus Scott|Georgii Gilberti Scoti]] architecti, et Georgina eius uxore nata, quae filia Gulielmi Hulme Bodley, MD, sororque [[Georgius Bodley|Georgii Frederick Bodley]] architecti, ipsius Georgii fratris discipuli, erat. [Cognati familiae Ryle sic includunt haematologum Ronald Bodley Scott, Georgium Gilbertum Scotum architectum Jr., Watts <nowiki>&</nowiki>amp; Co. conditorem, eiusque filium Aegidium Gilbertum Scotum, stationem potentiae Batterseae designatorem .] <ref>Burke's Landed Gentry, 18th edition, vol. 1, 1965, ed. </ref> === Pueritia et eruditio === Gilbertus Ryle, Bristelmestunae in Anglia die 19 Augusti 1900 natus, [in an environment of learning] educabatur. Eruditus in Collegio Brighton et anno 1919 Collegium Reginae [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Oxonii]] ad studia [[Res classicae|classica]] adveniens, mox vero ad philosophiam tractus est. [graduated with] "triple first" ([triple first]): [honores primos in classicis Honoris Moderationibus (1921), ''literae humaniores'' (1923), philosophiam, politicam et oeconomicam (MCMXXIV) accepit.] === Decursus vitae === Anno 1924, Ryle lector in philosophia [[Aedes Christi (Oxonia)|Oxoniensi]] collegio [[Aedes Christi (Oxonia)|Aedibus Christi]] creatus est. Sequente anno [[Comes (academicus)|comes]] praeceptorque in Ecclesia Christi factus est, quo usque ad annum 1940 permansit. == Opus == === ''Notio Mentis'' === Ryle in ''Notione mentis'' argumentatur dualismum implicare categoriam erratorum et ineptias philosophicas, duas argumenta philosophica, quae opus Ryle informare permiserunt. Rhetorice interrogavit discipulos in auditorio suo 1967–68 Oxford quid mali esset, dicens tria esse in agro: duas vaccas et par boum. Invitati sunt etiam ad cogitandum utrum bunghole dolii cervisiae sit pars dolii necne. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-philosophy.com/ryle-concept-mind-summary|title=Ryle: The concept of mind (Summary)|date=3 June 2012|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-03}}</ref> <nowiki> [[Categoria:Philosophi mentis]] [[Categoria:Philosophi linguae]] [[Categoria:Phaenomenologi]] [[Categoria:Ontologi]] [[Categoria:Metaphysici]] [[Categoria:Epistemologi]] [[Categoria:Philosophi Angliae]] [[Categoria:Philosophi Aristoteliani]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1976]] [[Categoria:Nati 1900]]</nowiki> 3ruwgplmp62haurqxfjznd27lvmd17b 3695850 3695831 2022-08-03T03:29:09Z Njodom 89348 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gilbertus Ryle''' (19 Augusti 1900 – die 6 Octobris 1976) philosophus Britannicus fuit,<ref>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/</ref> notus praecipue propter censuram [[Dualismus|dualismi]] [[Renatus Cartesius|Cartesiani]], in cuius obtrectatione dictum "ghost in the machine" (latine "genius in machina") novavit. Erat repraesentativus generationis ordinary language philosophy, sive [translation], Britannica, quae schola [approach] quaestionum philosopharum [[Ludovicus Wittgenstein|Ludovici Wittgenstein]] [communicavit].<ref>[[A. C. Grayling]] (''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kYUFhlIRZA4C&pg=PT169 Wittgenstein: A Very Short Introduction],'' Oxford University Press, (Oxford), 1988, p.114) is certain that, despite the fact that Wittgenstein's work ''might'' have possibly played some "''second or third-hand [part in the promotion of] the philosophical concern for language which was dominant in the mid-century''", ''neither'' Gilbert Ryle ''nor'' any of those in the so-called "[[ordinary language philosophy]]" school that is chiefly associated with [[J. L. Austin]] (and, according to Grayling, [[G. E. Moore]], [[C. D. Broad]], [[Bertrand Russell]] and [[A. J. Ayer]]) were Wittgensteinians.</ref> Nonnullae ideae Ryleanae in philosophia mentis [[Behaviorismus|moratisticae]] habentur. In illustrissimo libro suo, ''[[Conceptus Mentis|The Concept of Mind]]'' (1949, latine ''Notio mentis''), "generalem huius libri inclinationem sine dubio innocenterque ut 'moratisticam' repudiari" scripsit.<ref>Ryle, Gilbert, [1949] 1951, p. 324: "The general trend of this book will undoubtedly, and harmlessly be stigmatised as ‘behaviourist’."</ref> Operibus a [[Bernardus Bolzano|Bernardo Bolzano]], Franz Brentano, Alexio Meinong, [[Edmundus Husserl|Edmundo Husserl]], et [[Martinus Heidegger|Martino Heidegger]] lectis, Ryle potius hunc librum "tractatum extensum de [[Phaenomenologia|phaenomenologia]], si istum titulum feras, describi posse" suggessit.<ref>[Ryle, Gilbert, 1971: "could be described as a sustained essay in phenomenology, if you are at home with that label.]"</ref> == Vita == === Gens === Pater Gilberti Ryle, Reginaldus Ioannes Ryle, doctor [[Brightonia|Bristelmestunae]] filiusque episcopi [[Anglicanismus|Anglicani]],<ref>Ryle ('Modern Studies in Philosophy' series), ed. </ref><ref>Faith in the Age of Science: Atheism, Religion, and the Big Yellow Crane, Mark Silversides, Sacristy Press, 2012, p. 157</ref> mater Georgina vero de familia architectorum fuit. Pater, suo in otio lector operum e variis discipliis, cuius in studiis philosophia astronomiaque includuntur, magnam bibliothecam suis liberis tradidit. Familia Ryle pars nobilitatis Castrensis erat. === Iuventus et educatio === Gilbertus Ryle, Bristelmestunae in Anglia die 19 Augusti 1900 natus, domi quae [fostered learning] educabatur. Eruditus in Collegio Brighton et anno 1919 ad Collegium Reginae [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Oxonii]] studiis [[Res classicae|classicis]] adveniens, mox vero ad philosophiam tractus est. [graduated with] "triple first" ([triple first]): [honores primos in classicis Honoris Moderationibus (1921), ''literae humaniores'' (1923), philosophiam, politicam et oeconomicam (MCMXXIV) accepit.] === Decursus vitae === Anno 1924, Ryle lector philosophiae [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Oxoniensi]] collegio [[Aedes Christi (Oxonia)|Aedibus Christi]] creatus est. Sequenti anno [[Comes (academicus)|comes]] praeceptorque in Aedibus Christi factus est, quo usque ad annum 1940 permansit. == Opus == === ''The Concept of Mind'' === Ryle suo in opere ''The Concept of Mind'' dualismum [[Error categoriae|erroribus categoriae]] et ineptiis philosophicis esse situm nixus est, quae argumenta [continued to inform Ryle's work]. === ''Knowing-how'' et ''knowing-that'' === Ryle in ''The Concept of Mind'' discrimen inter 'knowing-how' and 'knowing-that' (latine ''scire-quomodo'' et ''scire-quod'') fecit. Cuius distinctionis exemplum est scire quomodo nodus nectatur et scire annum Reginae Victoriae obitus 1901 esse. Philosophi analytici omnino hanc distinctionem censent.<ref>Jason Stanley et Timothy Williamson, "Knowing How", ''Journal of Philosophy'', 98(8): 411–444, 2001.</ref> === ''Thick description'' === Anno 1949 Ryle primus notiones "thick description" et "thin description" (latine "descriptio densa" et "descriptio tenuis") suo in opere "The Thinking of Thoughts: What is 'Le Penseur' Doing?" et "Thinking and Reflecting" introduxit.<ref>Ryle, Gilbert. [1968] 1971. "The Thinking of Thoughts: What is 'Le Penseur' Doing?" Pp. 480–96 in Collected Papers 2. London: Hutchinson</ref> Genera descriptionis apud Ryle sunt duo: # thin description: observationes morum leves, e.g. 'dextra sua, palma a vultu aversa, ad frontem extollitur, cum proximus atque adversus cuidam homini est'. # thick description: [adds context to such behaviour. Explaining this context necessitates an understanding of the motivations people have for their behaviours, as well as how observers in the community]: ducem salutat. == [legacy] == Notio Ryleana ''thick description'' magni momenti [[Anthropologia|anthropologistis]] culturae ut [[Clifford Geertz|Clifford Geertz]] est.<ref>Geertz, Clifford (1973). "Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture". The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New-York: Basic Books. pp. 3–30. Retrieved 25 June 2008.</ref> [ The Concept of Mind was recognised on its appearance as an important contribution to philosophical psychology, and an important work in the ordinary language philosophy movement. But in the 1960s and 1970s, the rising influence of the cognitivist theories of Noam Chomsky, Herbert A. Simon, Jerry Fodor, and others in the neo-Cartesian school became predominant. The two major postwar schools in the philosophy of mind, Fodor's representationalism and Wilfrid Sellars's functionalism, posited precisely the 'internal' cognitive states that Ryle had argued against. Philosopher Daniel Dennett, a student of Ryle's, has said that recent trends in psychology such as embodied cognition, discursive psychology, situated cognition, and others in the post-cognitivist tradition, have provoked a renewed interest in Ryle's work. Dennett provided a sympathetic foreword to the 2000 edition of The Concept of Mind.[25] Author Richard Webster endorsed Ryle's arguments against mentalist philosophies, suggesting in Why Freud Was Wrong (1995) that they implied that "theories of human nature which repudiate the evidence of behaviour and refer solely or primarily to invisible mental events will never in themselves be able to unlock the most significant mysteries of human nature."[26] ] ==Notae== <references/> <nowiki> [[Categoria:Philosophi mentis]] [[Categoria:Philosophi linguae]] [[Categoria:Phaenomenologi]] [[Categoria:Ontologi]] [[Categoria:Metaphysici]] [[Categoria:Epistemologi]] [[Categoria:Philosophi Angliae]] [[Categoria:Philosophi Aristoteliani]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1976]] [[Categoria:Nati 1900]]</nowiki> 6cuytd0h5386r0gotiomnqauouo1t0a 14 303474 3695797 2022-08-02T19:10:45Z Petrus Tectander 55452 Petrus Tectander movit paginam [[Categoria:Episcopi Holae]] ad [[Categoria:Episcopi Holenses]]: Holae -> Holenses wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:Categoria:Episcopi Holenses]] bqvhzoiv33pssu5tybj8mjvflq76qbx 0 303475 3695802 2022-08-02T19:45:10Z Petrus Tectander 55452 Petrus Tectander movit paginam [[Ioannes Ögmundi filius]] ad [[Ionas Ogmundi filius]]: Vetustiorem nominis formam adhibui, fontibus citatis wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ionas Ogmundi filius]] k2dbxu2wst4xb0hj389defq5w8207p9 0 303476 3695862 2022-08-03T11:51:30Z CleverBrownie 88811 Created by translating the page "[[:nl:Special:Redirect/revision/62536402|Dennis Weening]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dionysius Weening''' ([[Haga|Hagae]] [[21 Februarii|die 21 Februarii]] [[1977]] natus) [[Nederlandia|Batavus]] est [[Dux programmatis|animator emissionis in televisione]] et [[radiophonia]]. 050mimpwewmaoacfd0taj4mob38qfgv 3695865 3695862 2022-08-03T11:55:48Z IacobusAmor 1163 Augenda &c. wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2022|08|03}} {{Vicificanda}} {{Pagina non annexa}} '''Dionysius Weening''' ([[Haga|Hagae]] [[21 Februarii|die 21 Februarii]] [[1977]] natus) [[Nederlandia|Batavus]] est [[Dux programmatis|animator emissionis in televisione]] et [[radiophonia]]. {{dubcat}} cwy6cbgqw44k0sfa63s82anhnqw7x70