Vicipaedia lawiki https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.26 first-letter Media Specialis Disputatio Usor Disputatio Usoris Vicipaedia Disputatio Vicipaediae Fasciculus Disputatio Fasciculi MediaWiki Disputatio MediaWiki Formula Disputatio Formulae Auxilium Disputatio Auxilii Categoria Disputatio Categoriae Porta Disputatio Portae TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 57 3700079 3680198 2022-08-27T18:24:31Z Theresia Freistetter 111574 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:HYUNDAI SONATA PHEV LF 001.JPG|thumb|Hybrida onerabilis a [[Hyundai]] factus, species [[Hyundai Sonata|Sonata Plug-in Hybrid]] speciei annualis 2015.]] '''Autocinetum''',<ref name="eduhi">[http://www.eduhi.at/gegenstand/latein/index.php?TITEL=Neulateinisches+Glossar&modul=glossar Neulateinisches Glossar].</ref><ref name=NSLO>[[Ebbe Vilborg|Vilborg, Ebbe]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok,'' ed. secunda (2009). Aliae voces "autocurrus" et "currus automobilis" sunt.</ref> sive '''autoraeda''',<ref name="eduhi"/><ref name=NSLO /> est [[autovehiculum]] usus proprii et in operatione. Multitudo generum sunt, quarumque necessitudines usoris adaptarum. Varii methodi pulsus quoque sunt, sicut [[vis|vi]] [[petroleum|petroleica]], [[electricitas|electrica]], [[gas]], et a his per varias combinationes, vel in temporibus vetustioribus a [[vapor]]e. Ab uno homine gubernatur quo primas functiones quoque tractat. Historia autocinetorum plus quam unum [[saeculum]] pertinet, quo primum verum autocinetum nomine ''[[Benz Patent-Motorwagen]]'' esse arbitratur, ab anno [[1886]]. == Quo modo autocineta operantur == [[Fasciculus:Dacia Logan MCV Model 2009 05.JPG|thumb|upright=1|[[Motrum combustionis internae|Motrum]], cor autocineti. Hic, a petroleo actus, genus adhibitissimum historiae autocinetorum fuit.]] {{Vehicula}} Autocinetum vehiculum est machinatum plerumque [[quattuor]] [[rota|rotis]] praebitum, quod gubernaculo rotatili sive rotula moderatrici dirigitur. Vim motricem suppeditat [[motorium]] sive motrum in quo [[benzenium|benzenio]] (mixtura fractionum [[petroleum|petrolei]] destillati, genus [[liquidum|laticis]] igniferi) comburitur. Intra motorium partes sunt mobiles quorum motu alternanti per varios apparatus mechanicos vis reciproca in motiones versatiles convertitur ac demum inter quattuor rotas dispertitur. Partes principales [[motrum combustionis internae|motori]] combustione interna acti sunt haec: Truncus sive moles motorii est pars maxima et gravissima, in qua modioli (numero inter quattuor et sedecim) terebrantur. In modiolis emboli inseruntur qui expansione mixturae ardentis naphthae et [[aer]]e moventur. Circumcirca embolos sunt anuli ferrei ad [[oleum]] et [[gas]]ia ardentia constringenda adapti. Hi emboli ad ferrum uncatum scapis nectentibus iunguntur quod invicem magnam rotam momentosam convertit. Super truncum motori epistylium sive caput modiolorum cochleis robustis affixum est. Subter est patina sive receptaculum olei in qua antlia olei locatur. In epistylio sunt valvulae per quas alimentum introit et fumus exit. Prope has sunt et scintillatra vi electridis acta ad naphtham ipso articulo maximae compressionis accendendam. Apparatus quo naphtha et aer miscentur est migma{{dubsig}} [[benzinum|benzini]] sive scatebra naphthae nebulosae cui alimentum ab antlia naphthae suppeditatur. Haec in receptaculo naphthae locatur, illa super fauces multiforabiles in epistylio. Motio versatilis rotae momentosae per [[mechanema velocitatis mutatorium|compaginem discorum molaris instar]] ad scapum actorium transfertur in quo est commissura universalis ubi licet scapo quaquaversum flecti. Hic invicem per rotulas dentatas differentiales aut rotas posticas aut omnes quattuor rotas et canthos circumagit. == Autocineti structura == De structura autocineti sunt: motrum, transmissio, elevatio, frenum et loculus. === Motrum === [[Motrum]] est apparatus, qui deflagrationis vim convertit in motum. Sunt partes motri: # caput: est motri operimentum, sub quo invenitur cylindri camara et coagmentantur clipei, trutina et, aliquando, axis eminentiarum # [[axis]] machinarum: mutat alternum emboli motum in conversionem # iugum capitis: oppilat singulas cylindrorum camaras, ne mixtio gaseorum, aqua vel oleum circa effundantur # cylindrus: est pars formæ fistulosæ, intra quam embolum movetur et ubi fiunt deflagrationes # [[embolus]]: movetur intra cylindrum et premit ustionis materiam # iniector: ustionis materiam immittit in camaram cylindri # clipeus: permittit et interrumpit introitum et exitum gaseorum in cylindrum # distributor: transportat scintillam electricam ex circumvoluto in scintillæ iuncturam # axis eminentiarum: regit apertionem clipeorum # trutina: impellit clipeos, in motris ubi axis eminentiarum non est super eos # scintillæ iunctura: coagmentatur capiti cylindri et incendit, per scintillam, mixtionem aeris cum ustionis materia # rota motri: transfert torturam axis machinarum ad mechanema # collector: sunt tubi, qui captant et distribuunt gasea motri === Transmissio === # copula: sinit iungi duas partes eiusdem axis (i.e., rotam motri et mechanema), ut motus unius alteri communicetur; sinit quoque eas separari, ut communicatio motus interrumpatur # mechanema: minuit et auget rotationem motri # temperator: componit motum suum cum mechanematis, ut simul fiant. Ita vitantur ictus, qui possunt nocere partibus motri # differentiale: transfert per rotas dentatas torturam duobus semiaxibus # axis: fixus in media rota, rotam copulat cum fultura vehiculi # semiaxis: iungit differentiale cum rota motrice, quæ movetur in conversionem === Elevatio === # [[canthus]]: gummeum et aere inflatum, tegit rotæ superficiem et solo adhæret # [[:en:wikt:κνήμη|cnemae]]: pars metallica rotae circum quam canthus est # retentor ictus: tenet rotam contra solum # virga torturæ: facta ex metallo, duas coniungit elevationis turres et stabilem facit fulturam, quando cursus autocineti flectitur === Frenum === Frena tardant vel cessant autocinetum: duo sunt: # frenum pedale # frenum manuale Alia pedalia sunt acceleratrum (ut celerius eat) atque [[:en:wikt:συμπλέκτης|symplectes]] (ut motrum et rotae non communicent). Auxilio symplectis [[:en:wikt:σχέση|schesis]] (quasi ratio eundi) mutari possit. Scheses quinque vel sex sunt eundi, atque schesis nulla (seu neutra) et schesis retrorsa. === Loculus === Loculus est pars autocineti, quæ accipit aurigam, viatores et, forte, onera # vitrum anticum: ex duabus laminis vitreis, quæ iunguntur pellicula PVB, protegit aurigam contra ventum, pluviam, volatilia et alias res, quæ forte ingrederentur vehiculum # rotula moderatrix: circulus, per quem auriga statuit quo vadat vehiculum # bucina: est instrumentum in rotula moderatrici per quo gubernator autocineti clamare potet ad cautelam alios gubernatores sive pedestros # fultura: structura, quæ supportat omnes alias partes vehiculi # tabella: pars in qua sunt indicinae (exempli gratia, indicina freni, indicina temperaturae olei, indicina facium luculentium, etc.), tachymetrum, odometrum et (non omnibus in autocinetis) cyclometrum. # tachymetrum: indicat velocitas autocineti # odometrum: indicat quantum itum est autocinetum # cyclometrum: indicat circuitos a rota autocineti quoque minuto peractos ==== Indicinae ==== * [[File:Kontrollleuchte Blinker black.svg|50px]]: Illuminata est uter fax moderatrix * [[File:A13_Master_lighting_switch.svg|50px]]: Illuminata est tabella * [[File:A02 Low Beam Indicator.svg|50px]]: Illuminatae sunt faces nocturnae * [[File:Kontrollleuchte Nebelscheinwerfer black.svg|50px]]: Illuminata est fax contra caliginem * [[File:Kontrollleuchte Tanken black.svg|50px]]: Caret benzino * [[File:Motorkontrollleuchte black.svg|50px]]: Problema est motro * [[File:Rear window defrost.png|50px]]: Vetrum posticum decongelatur * [[File:Kontrollleuchte Nebelschlussleuchte black.svg|50px]]: Illuminata est fax postica de cautela in caligine * [[File:A19 Hazard warning.svg|50px]]: Illuminatae sunt faces cautelae * [[File:Charge batterie.png|50px]]: Alternatrum non caricat batteriam * [[File:Kontrollleuchte Oeldruck black.svg|50px]]: Abest satis pressio in circuito lubrificationis motri * [[File:Engine_coolant_temperature.png|50px]]: Nimis calidum est liquidum refrigerantis * [[File:Brake failure.png|50px]]: Abest satis pressio in circuito freni / Frenum manuale operat * [[File:Kontrollleuchte Tuer offen black.svg|50px]]: Ianuella quadam non clausa est * [[File:Seat belt.png|50px]]: Quaeso induat quisque balteum * [[File:Kontrollleuchte Fernlicht black.svg|50px]]: Illuminatae sunt faces luculentae === Faces === Plurima genera facium sunt in autocinetum: # [[File:A02_Low_Beam_Indicator.svg|25px]] Faces nocturnae: per eis viditur autocinetum nocte # [[File:A01_High_Beam_Indicator.svg|25px]] Faces luculentae: lucentius quam nocturnae, per eis vidit gubernator autocineti vias nocturnas in quis nemo est # [[File:A16_Turn_signals.svg|25px]] Faces moderationis: per eis dicit gubernator aliis quo vadat vehiculum # Faces retrorsae: autocinetum eas illuminat cum retrorsum eat # [[File:A19_Hazard_warning.svg|25px]] Faces cautelae: cum problema est autocineto, gubernator eas illuminat. Faces cautelae vere enim sunt summa utriusque facium moderationis. == Partes autocineti == <gallery> Fasciculus:Lancia thema 8.32 spoiler.jpg|Lamina puppis autocineticae aerem derivans Lanciae themae 8.32. Fasciculus:Gears large.jpg|[[Mechanema velocitatis mutatorium]]. Fasciculus:Scheibenwischer_eines_IFA,_Bj._1954_(2008-07-12).jpg|[[Vitritersorium|Vitritersoria]]. </gallery> == Historia == [[Fasciculus:CarlBenz.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Carolus Benz]] (anno indicto), autocinetorum repertor.]] Primum autocinetum [[vapor]]e agebatur. Erat Francogallus, [[Nicolaus Iosephus Cugnot]] nomine, qui carrum trirotalem [[machina vaporaria]] actum anno 1769 [[Lutetia]]e finxit. Die [[3 Iulii]] [[1886]], [[Carolus Benz]] [[ingeniarius]] [[Germania|Theodiscus]] primo autocineto a se invento [[Manhemium|Manhemii]] vexit. Celerrimum autocinetum machina vaporica actum a [[frater|fratribus]] Francisco et Freelan Stanley anno [[1906]] constructum est, cuius maxima [[velocitas]] erat 205 [[chiliometrum|chiliometra]] per [[hora]]m, eo tempore celerrimum automocinetum mundi. Primum autocinetum [[electricitas|electricum]] a Roberto Anderson homine Scotico anno [[1839]] finctum est. Primum autocinetum [[petroleum|petroleo]] utens erat carrus trirotalis quem Carolus Benz anno 1896 finxit. <gallery> Fasciculus:FardierdeCugnot20050111.jpg|[[Iosephus Cugnot|Iosephi Cugnot]] exemplar anni [[1771]]. Fasciculus:1885Benz.jpg|Autocinetum primum ut censum, nomine ''[[Benz Patent-Motorwagen]]'', anno [[1886]] creatum. Fasciculus:1910Ford-T.jpg|[[Ford (societas)|Ford]] [[Exemplar T]], primum autocinetum in grandi serie venditum. Fasciculus:1955 Mercedes-Benz 300SL Gullwing Coupe 34 right.jpg|[[Mercedes-Benz 300 SL]], insigne [[decennium 196|decenni 196]] exemplar. Fasciculus:1958-chevy-impala-chevrolet-archives.jpg|Species classica ''[[Chevrolet Impala|Impala]]'' ex anno [[1958]], a [[Chevrolet]] creatum. Comparate cum autocinetis modernis, multa autocineta ex eo tempore similem formam ut hoc habebant. Fasciculus:VolkswagenBeetle-001.jpg|Species classica [[VW Käfer|Scarabeus]] ex anno [[1966]], a [[Volkswagen]] creatus. </gallery> == Societates autocineticae == {{div col|5}} * [[AC]] * [[Acura]] * [[Alfa Romeo]] * [[Alpha Sports]] * [[AMC]]<!--Societas Motoriorum Americana--> * [[Ariel (societas)|Ariel]] * [[Aston Martin]] * [[Audi]] * [[Austin (autocinetum)|Austin]] * [[Bentley]] * [[BMV]] * [[Bugatti]] * [[Buick]] * [[Cadillac]] * [[Chevrolet]] * [[Chrysler]] * [[Citroen]] * [[Daewoo]] * [[Daihatsu]] * [[DaimlerChrysler]] * [[Datsun]] * [[De Soto]] * [[DKW]] * [[Dodge]] * [[Duesenberg]] * [[Edran]] * [[Ferrari]] * [[Fiat]] * [[Ford]] * [[FPV]] * [[Gillet]] * [[Holden]] * [[Honda]] * [[Horch]] * [[HSV]] * [[Hyundai]] * [[Imperial]] * [[Iso Rivolta]] * [[Isuzu]] * [[Iaguar]] * [[Kia]] * [[Koenig]] * [[L&B]] * [[Lamborghini]] * [[Lancia]] * [[Landwind]] * [[Lexus]] * [[Lincoln]] * [[Lotus (autocinetum)|Lotus]] * [[LuAz]] * [[Mack]] * [[Mercedes-Benz]] * [[Mercury]] * [[MG]] * [[Mini]] * [[Mitsubishi]] * [[Morris]] * [[Motoria Generalia]] (GM) * [[Nissan]] * [[NSU]] * [[Oldsmobile]] * [[Opel]] * [[Packard]] * [[Pagani (autocinetum)|Pagani]] * [[Peugeot]] * [[Plymouth]] * [[Pontiac]] * [[Porsche]] * [[Quantum]] * [[Renault]] * [[Rinspeed]] * [[Rover]] * [[Rolls-Royce]] * [[Santana]] * [[Sbarro]] * [[Seat]] * [[Shelby]] * [[Sivax]] * [[Studebaker]] * [[Sun]] * [[Suzuki]] * [[Tickford]] * [[Toyota]] * [[Trabant]] * [[Venturi]] * [[Volkswagen]] * [[Volvo Personvagnar|Volvo]] * [[Wanderer]] * [[Wartburg]] * [[Wyllys]] * [[ZAZ]] * [[Zastava]] {{div col end}} {{NexInt}} {{div col|4}} * [[Area stativa]] * [[Aeroplanum]] * [[Autocurrus devius]] * [[Autocinetum pendens]] * [[Autocurrus sarcinarius]] * [[Birota]] * [[Birota automataria]] * [[Diploma gubernationis]] * [[Formula 1]] * [[Inquinatio aëris]] * [[Machina levans]] * [[Navicula spatialis]] * [[Navis]] * [[Navis submarina]] * [[Nota autocineti]] * [[Pneumaticum]] * [[Saccus inflatilis]] * [[Stabulum autocineticum]] * [[Vectis velocitatis commutandae]] {{div col end}} == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Bode, Peter M., Sylvia Hamberger, et Wolfgang Zängl. [[1986]]. ''Alptraum Auto: Eine hundertjährige Erfindung und ihre Folgen.'' Raben Verlag von Wittern KG. * Böhler-Baedeker, Susanne, Jürgen Dispan, Heinz-Rudolf Meißner, et al. [[2010]]. ''Zukunft der deutschen Automobilindustrie: Herausforderugnen und Perspektiven für den Strukturwandel im Automobilsektor.'' Berolini: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. ISBN 978-3-86872-585-8. * [[Michael Brie|Brie, Michael]]. [[2009]]. Sind wir Auto? In [http://www.zeitschrift-luxemburg.de ''Luxemburg: Gesellschaftsanalyse und politische Praxis''] 1:165–172. ISSN 1869-0424. * Canzler, Weert, et Gert Schmidt, eds. [[2008]]. ''Zukünfte des Automobils: Aussichten und Grenzen der autotechnischen Globalisierung.'' Berolini: Edition Sigma. ISBN 978-3-89404-250-9. * Canzler, Weert. [[1996]]. ''Das Zauberlehrlings-Syndrom: Entstehung und Stabilität des Automobil-Leitbildes.'' Berolini: Edition Sigma. ISBN 3-89404-162-5. * Garth, Arnd Joachim. [[2001]]. ''Das dialogomobil: Marketing und Werbung rund um das Automobil.'' ISBN 3-00-006358-7. * [[David Halberstam|Halberstam, David]]. [[1986]]. ''The Reckoning.'' Novi Eboraci: Morrow. ISBN 0-688-04838-2. * Kay, Jane Holtz. [[1997]]. ''Asphalt nation: how the automobile took over America, and how we can take it back.'' Novi Eboraci: Crown. ISBN 0-517-58702-5. * [[Hermannus Knoflacher|Knoflacher, Herman]]. [[2009]]. ''Virus Auto: Die Geschichte einer Zerstörung.'' Vindobonae: Ueberreuter Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8000-7438-9. * Krall, Hannes. [[1991]]. ''Das Automobil oder Die Rache des kleinen Mannes: Verborgene Bedeutungen des Internationalen Golf-GTI-Treffens.'' DRAVA Verlags- und Druckgesellschaft. ISBN 3-85435-138-0. * [[Guy Lebègue|Lebègue, Guy]], et Eric Lebègue. [[2007]]. [http://sd-1.archive-host.com/membres/up/170308460557144264/aaafca_200703_lettre155_spec.pdf archive-host.com Du Spatial aux Travaux publics: Les Maquettes virtuelles - Applications à la Construction automobile et au Bâtiment.] In ''Lettre AAAF Cannes,'' Martio, et [http://www.aaafasso.fr/DOSSIERSAAAF/DOSS.ACCES_LIBRE/Lettre_acces_libre/Lettres_2007/Lettre_AAAF_n_6_2007.pdf ''La Lettre AAAF,''] no. 6, Iunio. ISSN 1767-0675. * [[Wolfgang Sachs|Sachs, Wolfgang]]. [[1984]] ''Die Liebe zum Automobil: Ein Rückblick in die Geschichte unserer Wünsche.'' Reinbek: Rowohlt. ISBN 3-498-06166-6. * [[Wolfgang Sachs|Sachs, Wolfgang]]. [[1992]]. ''For love of the automobile: looking back into the history of our desires.'' Berkeleiae: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06878-5. * [[Heathcote Williams|Williams, Heathcote]]. [[1991]]. ''Autogeddon.'' Novi Eboraci: Arcade. ISBN 1-55970-176-5. * Zenone, Daniela. [[2002]]. ''Das Automobil im italienischen Futurismus und Faschismus : Seine ästhetische und politische Bedeutung.'' Berolini: WZB, Forschungsschwerpunkt Technik, Arbeit, Umwelt. == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Car|autocineta}}<!-- {{Wikisource|California AB 1493|autocinetum}}--> * [http://www.fia.com/ Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile,] www.fia.com * [http://www.autoandsociety.com/ Forum for the Automobile and Society,] www.autoandsociety.com {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Technologia}} [[Categoria:Autocineta]] [[Categoria:Inventiones Germaniae]] rdr9h2skrhtqulp15ymd34nd4o9i6st 0 2078 3700202 2989079 2022-08-28T10:26:07Z CommonsDelinker 1422 [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker/commands|automaton]]: Substituens [[commons:Image:Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner_-_Ausbruch_des_Vesuvs,_1817.jpg|Image:Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner_-_Ausbruch_des_Vesuvs,_1817.jpg]] pro Image:Ausbruch_des_Vesuvs,_1817.jpg. C wikitext text/x-wiki {{charta locatrix |Sinus Cumani |label=Vesuvius<br /> 1281 m |lat_deg =40 |lat_min =49 |lon_deg = 14 | lon_min = 26 |position=left |mark = Green 00ff00 pog.svg |background = |width=350 |float=right |caption= Situs ad [[Sinus Cumanus|sinum Cumanum]] }} '''Vesuvius''' ([[Italiane]]: ''Vesuvio'') est [[mons ignifer]] in [[Campania]] [[Italia]]e, iuxta urbem [[Neapolis|Neapolim]] situs. Eruptio vulcani perniciosissima erat die [[24 Augusti]] anni [[79]], ubi [[Gaius Plinius Secundus|Plinius Maior]] mortuus est et [[Pompeii]] sublati sunt, cuius [[historia]]m scripsit [[Caius Plinius Caecilius Secundus|Plinius Minor]].<ref>Descriptio eruptionis anni 79 [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/pliny.ep6.html in libro VI]Caii Plinii Caecilii Secundi 20 (14).</ref> [[Pluto (deus)|Pluto]] [[deus]] ibi habitare putabatur. [[Fasciculus:Joseph Wright of Derby - Vesuvius from Portici.jpg|thumb|left|"[[Vesuvii eruptio (Wright)|Vesuvii eruptio e Porticis visa]]" ab [[Iosephus Wright Derbiensis|Iosepho Wright Derbiensi]] picta ([[Bibliotheca Huntington]])]] [[Fasciculus:Joseph Mallord William Turner - Ausbruch des Vesuvs, 1817.jpg|thumb|left|"[[Vesuvii eruptio (Turner)|Vesuvii eruptio]]" ab [[Iosephus Mallord Gulielmus Turner|I. M. G. Turner]] picta ([[Centrum Artium Britannicarum Yalense]])]] ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== * {{cite book|first=John |last=Guest |first2=Paul |last2=Cole |first3=Angus |last3=Duncan |first4=David |last4=Chester |title=Volcanoes of Southern Italy | publisher=The Geological Society | location=London | year=2003 |chapter=Chapter 2: Vesuvius |pages=25–62 |ref=CITEREFGuest2003}} * Nicholas F. Jones, "Pliny the Younger's Vesuvius "Letters" (6.16 and 6.20)" in ''Classical World'' vol. 95 (2001) pp. 31-48 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4352621 JSTOR] * {{cite journal |last= Rolandi |first= G. |coauthors= Paone, A.; De Lascio, M.; Stefani, G. |year= 2008 |title= The 79 AD eruption of Somma: the relationship between the date of the eruption and the southeast tephra dispersion |journal= Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |volume= 169 |issue= |pages= 87–98 |ref=CITEREFRolandi2008 |doi= 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.08.020}} * {{Cite book|title=The natural history of Pompeii|editor-first=Wilhelmina Mary Feemster |editor-last=Jashemski |editor2-first=Frederick Gustav |editor2-last=Meyer|contribution=Mount Vesuvius before the Disaster |first=Haraldur|last=Sigurdsson|location=Cambridge UK|publisher=The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge|year=2002|pages=29–36|ref=CITEREFSigurdsson2002|postscript=<!--None-->}} * {{Cite book|title=The natural history of Pompeii|editor-first=Wilhelmina Mary Feemster |editor-last=Jashemski |editor2-first=Frederick Gustav |editor2-last=Meyer|contribution=The Eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79| first=Haraldur|last=Sigurdsson|first2=Steven|last2=Carey|location=Cambridge UK|publisher=The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge|year=2002|pages=37–64|ref=CITEREFSigurdssonCarey2002|postscript=<!--None-->}} * {{cite book|title=Herculaneum, past, present & future |first=Sir Charles |last=Waldstein|first2=Leonard Knollys Haywood |last2=Shoobridge|location=London|publisher=Macmillan and Co|year=1908|ref=CITEREFWaldstein1908}} * {{cite journal |first=E. |last=Zanella |first2=L. |last2=Gurioli |first3=M.T. |last3=Pareschi |first4=R. |last4=Lanza | title= Influences of urban fabric on pyroclastic density currents at Pompeii (Italy): Part II: temperature of the deposits and hazard implications |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |year=2007 |publisher=American Geophysical Union, Earth-prints|url=http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/2370/1/1245.pdf|ref=CITEREFZanella2007|issue=112}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Vesuvius|!]] {{Myrias|Geographia}} ii0pkwufaru2gsp6bk4uyhjmond6are 0 5021 3700160 3526361 2022-08-27T22:31:06Z 2001:B07:6443:1ACD:F50C:1D7F:9E7A:C888 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="right" |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Phobus |- | align="center" bgcolor="#000000" colspan=2 | [[Fasciculus:Phobos_moon_(large).jpg|240px|Phobus]] |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates orbitales |- ! align="left" | [[Axis semimaior]] (km) | 9.380 km |- ! align="left" | [[Radius]] | 9,3 x 13,1[[chiliometrum|km]] |- ! align="left" | [[Perihelion]] | ? km |- ! align="left" | [[Aphelion]] | ? km |- ! align="left" | [[Eccentricitas]] | 0,0151 |- ! align="left" | [[Periodus orbitalis]] | 0,319 d |- ! align="left" | [[Inclinatio orbitalis]] | 1,075°; |- ! align="left" | [[Satelles]] planetae | [[Mars|Martis]] |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates physicales |- ! align="left" | [[Diametrus|Diametri]] | 27/21,4/19,2 km |- ! align="left" | [[Area]] | [[chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |- ! align="left" | [[Massa]] | [[chiliogramma|kg]] |- ! align="left" | [[Densitas]] | [[gramma|g]]/cm³ |- ! align="left" | [[Gravitas]] | [[Acceleratio|m/s²]] |- ! align="left" | [[]] | km/s |- ! align="left" | [[Periodus rotationis]] | 7,65 h |- ! align="left" | [[Inclinatio axialis]] | °; |- ! align="left" | [[Albedo]] | 0,07 |- ! align="left" | [[Temperatura]] | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" ! min ! med ! max |- | 100 [[Kelvin|K]] | ? K | ? K |} |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates [[Atmosphaera|atmosphaericae]] |- ! align="left" | [[Pressio atmosphaerica]] | nulla est |- | [[Carbonium]] | % |- | [[Nitrogenium]] | % |- |} '''Phobus''' vel '''Phobos''', Graece '''Φόβος''' ''Phóbos'', est [[satelles]] [[Mars|Martis]]. Quae luna parva sicut [[Dimos (satelles)|Dimus]] olim [[asteroides]] fuisse et a [[Mars|Marte]] capta esse putatur. Apud [[Homerus|Homerum]] Phobus filius Martis dei est qui eum semper comitatur. == Crateres == *[[Stickney]] == Nexus externi == * Guy Webster, "[https://phys.org/news/2017-10-mars-moon-phobos.html Examining Mars' moon Phobos in a different light]" (5 Octobris 2017) apud ''Phys.org'' {{Systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Satellites Martis]] [[Categoria:Corpora astronomica speculatris visitata]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 21gt8qjdviga0yw4du3h2e0z6z65ki4 3700198 3700160 2022-08-28T09:00:31Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Recensiones a conlatore [[Special:Contributions/2001:B07:6443:1ACD:F50C:1D7F:9E7A:C888|2001:B07:6443:1ACD:F50C:1D7F:9E7A:C888]] ([[User talk:2001:B07:6443:1ACD:F50C:1D7F:9E7A:C888|Disputatio]]) factas in superiorem redactionem a conlatore [[User:LilyKitty|LilyKitty]] factam restitui wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="right" |+'''Phobos''' |- | align="center" bgcolor="#000000" colspan=2 | [[Fasciculus:Phobos_moon_(large).jpg|240px|Phobos]] |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Inventio |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates orbitales |- ! align="left" | [[Axis semimaior]] (km) | 9.380 km |- ! align="left" | [[Radius]] | 9,3 x 13,1[[chiliometrum|km]] |- ! align="left" | [[Perihelion]] | ? km |- ! align="left" | [[Aphelion]] | ? km |- ! align="left" | [[Eccentricitas]] | 0,0151 |- ! align="left" | [[Periodus orbitalis]] | 0,319 d |- ! align="left" | [[Inclinatio orbitalis]] | 1,075°; |- ! align="left" | [[Satelles]] planetae | [[Mars|Martis]] |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates physicales |- ! align="left" | [[Diametrus|Diametri]] | 27/21,4/19,2 km |- ! align="left" | [[Area]] | [[chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |- ! align="left" | [[Massa]] | [[chiliogramma|kg]] |- ! align="left" | [[Densitas]] | [[gramma|g]]/cm³ |- ! align="left" | [[Gravitas]] | [[Acceleratio|m/s²]] |- ! align="left" | [[]] | km/s |- ! align="left" | [[Periodus rotationis]] | 7,65 h |- ! align="left" | [[Inclinatio axialis]] | °; |- ! align="left" | [[Albedo]] | 0,07 |- ! align="left" | [[Temperatura]] | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" ! min ! med ! max |- | 100 [[Kelvin|K]] | ? K | ? K |} |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates [[Atmosphaera|atmosphaericae]] |- ! align="left" | [[Pressio atmosphaerica]] | nulla est |- | [[Carbonium]] | % |- | [[Nitrogenium]] | % |- |} '''Phobos''' est [[satelles]] [[Mars|Martis]]. Quae luna parva sicut [[Deimos (satelles)|Deimos]] olim [[asteroides]] fuisse et a [[Mars|Marte]] capta esse putatur. Apud [[Homerus|Homerum]] Phobos filius Martis dei est qui eum semper comitatur. == Crateres == *[[Stickney]] == Nexus externi == * Guy Webster, "[https://phys.org/news/2017-10-mars-moon-phobos.html Examining Mars' moon Phobos in a different light]" (5 Octobris 2017) apud ''Phys.org'' {{Systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Satellites Martis]] [[Categoria:Corpora astronomica speculatris visitata]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 0z8rbeva9e3hfx3jlao03w3oop1lqoh 3700206 3700198 2022-08-28T10:49:25Z IacobusAmor 1163 +Exordium ex en (10K) wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="right" |+'''Phobos''' |- | align="center" bgcolor="#000000" colspan=2 | [[Fasciculus:Phobos_moon_(large).jpg|240px|Phobos]] |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Inventio |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates orbitales |- ! align="left" | [[Axis semimaior]] (km) | 9.380 km |- ! align="left" | [[Radius]] | 9,3 x 13,1[[chiliometrum|km]] |- ! align="left" | [[Perihelion]] | ? km |- ! align="left" | [[Aphelion]] | ? km |- ! align="left" | [[Eccentricitas]] | 0,0151 |- ! align="left" | [[Periodus orbitalis]] | 0,319 d |- ! align="left" | [[Inclinatio orbitalis]] | 1,075°; |- ! align="left" | [[Satelles]] planetae | [[Mars|Martis]] |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates physicales |- ! align="left" | [[Diametrus|Diametri]] | 27/21,4/19,2 km |- ! align="left" | [[Area]] | [[chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |- ! align="left" | [[Massa]] | [[chiliogramma|kg]] |- ! align="left" | [[Densitas]] | [[gramma|g]]/cm³ |- ! align="left" | [[Gravitas]] | [[Acceleratio|m/s²]] |- ! align="left" | [[]] | km/s |- ! align="left" | [[Periodus rotationis]] | 7,65 h |- ! align="left" | [[Inclinatio axialis]] | °; |- ! align="left" | [[Albedo]] | 0,07 |- ! align="left" | [[Temperatura]] | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" ! min ! med ! max |- | 100 [[Kelvin|K]] | ? K | ? K |} |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates [[Atmosphaera|atmosphaericae]] |- ! align="left" | [[Pressio atmosphaerica]] | nulla est |- | [[Carbonium]] | % |- | [[Nitrogenium]] | % |- |} '''Phobos''', secundum [[astronomicum nominandi foedus]] internationali '''Martius I''', est interior et maximus e duobus [[natura]]libus [[lunae Martis|satellibus]] [[Mars|Martis]] [[planeta]]e,<ref>{{cite web |title=Mar's moon Phobos |url=http://mars.nasa.gov/allaboutmars/extreme/moons/phobos/ |website=NASA |publisher=NASA |access-date=16 Iulii 2016 }}</ref> quorum alius [[Deimos (satelles)|Deimos]] est. Ambae lunae anno [[1877]] ab [[Asaphus Hall|Asapho Hall]] [[astronomus|astronomo]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americano]] inventae sunt. Phobos ex [[Phobos (mythologia)|Phobo]] [[mythologia Graeca|deo Graeco]], [[filius|filio]] [[Ares|Aris]] (Martis) [[gemellus|gemelloque]] [[Deimos (deus)|Deimi]] appellatur.<ref>Apud [[Homerus|Homerum]], Phobos est filius Martis dei, qui eum semper comitatur.</ref> Phobos est parva [[res]] iregularis, cuius [[radius]] medius est undecim [[chiliometrum|chiliometra]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mar's moon Phobos |url=http://mars.nasa.gov/allaboutmars/extreme/moons/phobos/ |website=NASA |publisher=NASA |access-date=16 Iulii 2016 }}</ref> Phobos 6000 fere chiliometra a [[superficies|superficiei]] Martiana movetur, suo [[corpus caeleste|corpori]] primario propior quam aliae [[satelles naturalis|lunae planetares]]. Tam propior est ut circa [[planeta]]m rotatione planetae ipsius celerius movetur, et totam [[orbita]]m septem [[hora|horis]] et triginta novem [[minutus|minutis]] perficit, unde evenit ut a superficie Martiana [[occidens|occidente]] oriens, trans [[caelum]] quattuor horis et quindecim minutis (vel minus) movens, et [[occidens|occidente]] occidens bis in [[dies Martianus|die Martiano]] videtur. [[Asteroides]] a Marte capta esse putatur. == Crateres == *[[Stickney]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Webster, Guy. [[2007]]. "Examining Mars' Moon Phobos in a Different Light." ''PhysOrg,'' 5 Octobris 2017. [https://phys.org/news/2017-10-mars-moon-phobos.html Textus interretialis.] {{Systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Corpora astronomica speculatris visitata]] [[Categoria:Satellites Martis]] [[Categoria:Systema solare]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 4jnn6hk912m0ar6fxouutgs2g5yru47 3700207 3700206 2022-08-28T11:27:57Z IacobusAmor 1163 +Ex en (10K) wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="right" |+'''Phobos''' |- | align="center" bgcolor="#000000" colspan=2 | [[Fasciculus:Phobos_moon_(large).jpg|240px|Phobos]] |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Inventio |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates orbitales |- ! align="left" | [[Axis semimaior]] (km) | 9.380 km |- ! align="left" | [[Radius]] | 9,3 x 13,1[[chiliometrum|km]] |- ! align="left" | [[Perihelion]] | ? km |- ! align="left" | [[Aphelion]] | ? km |- ! align="left" | [[Eccentricitas]] | 0,0151 |- ! align="left" | [[Periodus orbitalis]] | 0,319 d |- ! align="left" | [[Inclinatio orbitalis]] | 1,075°; |- ! align="left" | [[Satelles]] planetae | [[Mars|Martis]] |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates physicales |- ! align="left" | [[Diametrus|Diametri]] | 27/21,4/19,2 km |- ! align="left" | [[Area]] | [[chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |- ! align="left" | [[Massa]] | [[chiliogramma|kg]] |- ! align="left" | [[Densitas]] | [[gramma|g]]/cm³ |- ! align="left" | [[Gravitas]] | [[Acceleratio|m/s²]] |- ! align="left" | [[]] | km/s |- ! align="left" | [[Periodus rotationis]] | 7,65 h |- ! align="left" | [[Inclinatio axialis]] | °; |- ! align="left" | [[Albedo]] | 0,07 |- ! align="left" | [[Temperatura]] | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" ! min ! med ! max |- | 100 [[Kelvin|K]] | ? K | ? K |} |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates [[Atmosphaera|atmosphaericae]] |- ! align="left" | [[Pressio atmosphaerica]] | nulla est |- | [[Carbonium]] | % |- | [[Nitrogenium]] | % |- |} '''Phobos''', secundum [[astronomicum nominandi foedus]] internationali '''Martius I''', est interior et maximus e duobus [[natura]]libus [[lunae Martis|satellibus]] [[Mars|Martis]] [[planeta]]e,<ref>{{cite web |title=Mar's moon Phobos |url=http://mars.nasa.gov/allaboutmars/extreme/moons/phobos/ |website=NASA |publisher=NASA |access-date=16 Iulii 2016 }}</ref> quorum alius [[Deimos (satelles)|Deimos]] est. Ambae lunae anno [[1877]] ab [[Asaphus Hall|Asapho Hall]] [[astronomus|astronomo]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americano]] inventae sunt. Phobos ex [[Phobos (mythologia)|Phobo]] [[mythologia Graeca|deo Graeco]], [[filius|filio]] [[Ares|Aris]] (Martis) [[gemellus|gemelloque]] [[Deimos (deus)|Deimi]] appellatur.<ref>Apud [[Homerus|Homerum]], Phobos est filius Martis dei, qui eum semper comitatur.</ref> Phobos est parva [[res]] iregularis, cuius [[radius]] medius est undecim [[chiliometrum|chiliometra]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mar's moon Phobos |url=http://mars.nasa.gov/allaboutmars/extreme/moons/phobos/ |website=NASA |publisher=NASA |access-date=16 Iulii 2016 }}</ref> Phobos 6000 fere chiliometra a [[superficies|superficiei]] Martiana movetur, suo [[corpus caeleste|corpori]] primario propior quam aliae [[satelles naturalis|lunae planetares]]. Tam propior est ut circa [[planeta]]m rotatione planetae ipsius celerius movetur, et totam [[orbita]]m septem [[hora|horis]] et triginta novem [[minutus|minutis]] perficit, unde evenit ut a superficie Martiana [[occidens|occidente]] oriens, trans [[caelum]] quattuor horis et quindecim minutis (vel minus) movens, et [[occidens|occidente]] occidens bis in [[dies Martianus|die Martiano]] videtur. Phobos, cui [[albedo]] 0.071 est, unum e corporibus in [[Systema Solare|Systemate Solari]] minime claris videtur. [[Temperatura]] superficialis a −4 C in latere a sole illustrato ad −112 C in latere umbroso variat. [[Proprietas (physica)|Proprietas]] notissima est [[Stickney (crater)|Stickney]], magnus [[crater impactionis]], qui magnam superficiei lunaris partem habet. Multi astronomi mense Novembri [[2018]] putare coeperunt certos [[canalis|canales]] a [[saxum|saxis]] ex impulsu asteroidis qui Stickney creavit effectos esse et super superficiem lunarem volvi.<!-- <ref name="UT-20181120" /><ref name="PSS-20181116" />--> Altera [[theoria]] dicit hos canales esse a [[vis|viribus]] [[aestus|aestualibus]] effectis factos esse. [[Asteroides]] a Marte capta esse putatur. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Webster, Guy. [[2007]]. "Examining Mars' Moon Phobos in a Different Light." ''PhysOrg,'' 5 Octobris 2017. [https://phys.org/news/2017-10-mars-moon-phobos.html Textus interretialis.] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Phobos|Phobum}} * [http://www.solarviews.com/cap/mars/vphobos2.htm "Animation of Phobos."] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114657/http://www.usno.navy.mil/hallmedal.html "Asaph Hall and the Moons of Mars."] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160731205625/http://mexlab.miigaik.ru/eng/projects/phobos_cartography/ Cartographia Phobi.] MIIGAiK Extraterrestrial Laboratory. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140624191709/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mar_Phobos "Phobos Profile"] apud situm [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov NASA's Solar System Exploration.] * [http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/phobos.php "HiRISE Phobos."] * [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/FeatureTypes2.jsp?system=Mars&body=Phobos&systemID=4&bodyID=22&sort=AName&show=Fname&show=Lat&show=Long&show=Diam&show=Stat&show=Orig USGS De nomenclatura Phobi.] * [http://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/Portaldata/1/Resources/Bilder/missionen/mars/16_9/artikel_phobos3.jpg "Mars Express view of Phobos."] * [http://www.solarviews.com/cap/mars/vphobos3.htm ''Flight around Phobos''] ([[pellicula]]). * Scale of Photos. [http://www.phobos.cn/thread/?159.html] [http://davinci-marsdesign.blogspot.com/2012/05/scale-of-phobos.html] {{Systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Corpora astronomica speculatris visitata]] [[Categoria:Satellites Martis]] [[Categoria:Systema solare]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 2gk53izs7bu6cy30a6jyutedfuky2xu 3700211 3700207 2022-08-28T11:31:06Z IacobusAmor 1163 /* Nexus externi */ + wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="right" |+'''Phobos''' |- | align="center" bgcolor="#000000" colspan=2 | [[Fasciculus:Phobos_moon_(large).jpg|240px|Phobos]] |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Inventio |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates orbitales |- ! align="left" | [[Axis semimaior]] (km) | 9.380 km |- ! align="left" | [[Radius]] | 9,3 x 13,1[[chiliometrum|km]] |- ! align="left" | [[Perihelion]] | ? km |- ! align="left" | [[Aphelion]] | ? km |- ! align="left" | [[Eccentricitas]] | 0,0151 |- ! align="left" | [[Periodus orbitalis]] | 0,319 d |- ! align="left" | [[Inclinatio orbitalis]] | 1,075°; |- ! align="left" | [[Satelles]] planetae | [[Mars|Martis]] |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates physicales |- ! align="left" | [[Diametrus|Diametri]] | 27/21,4/19,2 km |- ! align="left" | [[Area]] | [[chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |- ! align="left" | [[Massa]] | [[chiliogramma|kg]] |- ! align="left" | [[Densitas]] | [[gramma|g]]/cm³ |- ! align="left" | [[Gravitas]] | [[Acceleratio|m/s²]] |- ! align="left" | [[]] | km/s |- ! align="left" | [[Periodus rotationis]] | 7,65 h |- ! align="left" | [[Inclinatio axialis]] | °; |- ! align="left" | [[Albedo]] | 0,07 |- ! align="left" | [[Temperatura]] | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" ! min ! med ! max |- | 100 [[Kelvin|K]] | ? K | ? K |} |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates [[Atmosphaera|atmosphaericae]] |- ! align="left" | [[Pressio atmosphaerica]] | nulla est |- | [[Carbonium]] | % |- | [[Nitrogenium]] | % |- |} '''Phobos''', secundum [[astronomicum nominandi foedus]] internationali '''Martius I''', est interior et maximus e duobus [[natura]]libus [[lunae Martis|satellibus]] [[Mars|Martis]] [[planeta]]e,<ref>{{cite web |title=Mar's moon Phobos |url=http://mars.nasa.gov/allaboutmars/extreme/moons/phobos/ |website=NASA |publisher=NASA |access-date=16 Iulii 2016 }}</ref> quorum alius [[Deimos (satelles)|Deimos]] est. Ambae lunae anno [[1877]] ab [[Asaphus Hall|Asapho Hall]] [[astronomus|astronomo]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americano]] inventae sunt. Phobos ex [[Phobos (mythologia)|Phobo]] [[mythologia Graeca|deo Graeco]], [[filius|filio]] [[Ares|Aris]] (Martis) [[gemellus|gemelloque]] [[Deimos (deus)|Deimi]] appellatur.<ref>Apud [[Homerus|Homerum]], Phobos est filius Martis dei, qui eum semper comitatur.</ref> Phobos est parva [[res]] iregularis, cuius [[radius]] medius est undecim [[chiliometrum|chiliometra]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mar's moon Phobos |url=http://mars.nasa.gov/allaboutmars/extreme/moons/phobos/ |website=NASA |publisher=NASA |access-date=16 Iulii 2016 }}</ref> Phobos 6000 fere chiliometra a [[superficies|superficiei]] Martiana movetur, suo [[corpus caeleste|corpori]] primario propior quam aliae [[satelles naturalis|lunae planetares]]. Tam propior est ut circa [[planeta]]m rotatione planetae ipsius celerius movetur, et totam [[orbita]]m septem [[hora|horis]] et triginta novem [[minutus|minutis]] perficit, unde evenit ut a superficie Martiana [[occidens|occidente]] oriens, trans [[caelum]] quattuor horis et quindecim minutis (vel minus) movens, et [[occidens|occidente]] occidens bis in [[dies Martianus|die Martiano]] videtur. Phobos, cui [[albedo]] 0.071 est, unum e corporibus in [[Systema Solare|Systemate Solari]] minime claris videtur. [[Temperatura]] superficialis a −4 C in latere a sole illustrato ad −112 C in latere umbroso variat. [[Proprietas (physica)|Proprietas]] notissima est [[Stickney (crater)|Stickney]], magnus [[crater impactionis]], qui magnam superficiei lunaris partem habet. Multi astronomi mense Novembri [[2018]] putare coeperunt certos [[canalis|canales]] a [[saxum|saxis]] ex impulsu asteroidis qui Stickney creavit effectos esse et super superficiem lunarem volvi.<!-- <ref name="UT-20181120" /><ref name="PSS-20181116" />--> Altera [[theoria]] dicit hos canales esse a [[vis|viribus]] [[aestus|aestualibus]] effectis factos esse. [[Asteroides]] a Marte capta esse putatur. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Webster, Guy. [[2007]]. "Examining Mars' Moon Phobos in a Different Light." ''PhysOrg,'' 5 Octobris 2017. [https://phys.org/news/2017-10-mars-moon-phobos.html Textus interretialis.] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Phobos|Phobum}} * [http://www.solarviews.com/cap/mars/vphobos2.htm "Animation of Phobos."] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114657/http://www.usno.navy.mil/hallmedal.html "Descendants of Asaph Hall Present Memorabilia to USNO: Asaph Hall and the Moons of Mars."] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160731205625/http://mexlab.miigaik.ru/eng/projects/phobos_cartography/ Cartographia Phobi.] MIIGAiK Extraterrestrial Laboratory. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140624191709/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mar_Phobos "Phobos Profile"] apud situm [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov NASA's Solar System Exploration.] * [http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/phobos.php "HiRISE Phobos."] * [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/FeatureTypes2.jsp?system=Mars&body=Phobos&systemID=4&bodyID=22&sort=AName&show=Fname&show=Lat&show=Long&show=Diam&show=Stat&show=Orig USGS De nomenclatura Phobi.] * [http://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/Portaldata/1/Resources/Bilder/missionen/mars/16_9/artikel_phobos3.jpg "Mars Express view of Phobos."] * [http://www.solarviews.com/cap/mars/vphobos3.htm ''Flight around Phobos''] ([[pellicula]]). * Scale of Photos. [http://www.phobos.cn/thread/?159.html] [http://davinci-marsdesign.blogspot.com/2012/05/scale-of-phobos.html] {{Systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Corpora astronomica speculatris visitata]] [[Categoria:Satellites Martis]] [[Categoria:Systema solare]] {{Myrias|Physica}} i2p889t1nzsbeatp39ofrtp0zm64uhb 3700212 3700211 2022-08-28T11:33:37Z IacobusAmor 1163 /* Nexus externi */ + wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="right" |+'''Phobos''' |- | align="center" bgcolor="#000000" colspan=2 | [[Fasciculus:Phobos_moon_(large).jpg|240px|Phobos]] |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Inventio |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates orbitales |- ! align="left" | [[Axis semimaior]] (km) | 9.380 km |- ! align="left" | [[Radius]] | 9,3 x 13,1[[chiliometrum|km]] |- ! align="left" | [[Perihelion]] | ? km |- ! align="left" | [[Aphelion]] | ? km |- ! align="left" | [[Eccentricitas]] | 0,0151 |- ! align="left" | [[Periodus orbitalis]] | 0,319 d |- ! align="left" | [[Inclinatio orbitalis]] | 1,075°; |- ! align="left" | [[Satelles]] planetae | [[Mars|Martis]] |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates physicales |- ! align="left" | [[Diametrus|Diametri]] | 27/21,4/19,2 km |- ! align="left" | [[Area]] | [[chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |- ! align="left" | [[Massa]] | [[chiliogramma|kg]] |- ! align="left" | [[Densitas]] | [[gramma|g]]/cm³ |- ! align="left" | [[Gravitas]] | [[Acceleratio|m/s²]] |- ! align="left" | [[]] | km/s |- ! align="left" | [[Periodus rotationis]] | 7,65 h |- ! align="left" | [[Inclinatio axialis]] | °; |- ! align="left" | [[Albedo]] | 0,07 |- ! align="left" | [[Temperatura]] | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" ! min ! med ! max |- | 100 [[Kelvin|K]] | ? K | ? K |} |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates [[Atmosphaera|atmosphaericae]] |- ! align="left" | [[Pressio atmosphaerica]] | nulla est |- | [[Carbonium]] | % |- | [[Nitrogenium]] | % |- |} '''Phobos''', secundum [[astronomicum nominandi foedus]] internationali '''Martius I''', est interior et maximus e duobus [[natura]]libus [[lunae Martis|satellibus]] [[Mars|Martis]] [[planeta]]e,<ref>{{cite web |title=Mar's moon Phobos |url=http://mars.nasa.gov/allaboutmars/extreme/moons/phobos/ |website=NASA |publisher=NASA |access-date=16 Iulii 2016 }}</ref> quorum alius [[Deimos (satelles)|Deimos]] est. Ambae lunae anno [[1877]] ab [[Asaphus Hall|Asapho Hall]] [[astronomus|astronomo]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americano]] inventae sunt. Phobos ex [[Phobos (mythologia)|Phobo]] [[mythologia Graeca|deo Graeco]], [[filius|filio]] [[Ares|Aris]] (Martis) [[gemellus|gemelloque]] [[Deimos (deus)|Deimi]] appellatur.<ref>Apud [[Homerus|Homerum]], Phobos est filius Martis dei, qui eum semper comitatur.</ref> Phobos est parva [[res]] iregularis, cuius [[radius]] medius est undecim [[chiliometrum|chiliometra]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mar's moon Phobos |url=http://mars.nasa.gov/allaboutmars/extreme/moons/phobos/ |website=NASA |publisher=NASA |access-date=16 Iulii 2016 }}</ref> Phobos 6000 fere chiliometra a [[superficies|superficiei]] Martiana movetur, suo [[corpus caeleste|corpori]] primario propior quam aliae [[satelles naturalis|lunae planetares]]. Tam propior est ut circa [[planeta]]m rotatione planetae ipsius celerius movetur, et totam [[orbita]]m septem [[hora|horis]] et triginta novem [[minutus|minutis]] perficit, unde evenit ut a superficie Martiana [[occidens|occidente]] oriens, trans [[caelum]] quattuor horis et quindecim minutis (vel minus) movens, et [[occidens|occidente]] occidens bis in [[dies Martianus|die Martiano]] videtur. Phobos, cui [[albedo]] 0.071 est, unum e corporibus in [[Systema Solare|Systemate Solari]] minime claris videtur. [[Temperatura]] superficialis a −4 C in latere a sole illustrato ad −112 C in latere umbroso variat. [[Proprietas (physica)|Proprietas]] notissima est [[Stickney (crater)|Stickney]], magnus [[crater impactionis]], qui magnam superficiei lunaris partem habet. Multi astronomi mense Novembri [[2018]] putare coeperunt certos [[canalis|canales]] a [[saxum|saxis]] ex impulsu asteroidis qui Stickney creavit effectos esse et super superficiem lunarem volvi.<!-- <ref name="UT-20181120" /><ref name="PSS-20181116" />--> Altera [[theoria]] dicit hos canales esse a [[vis|viribus]] [[aestus|aestualibus]] effectis factos esse. [[Asteroides]] a Marte capta esse putatur. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Webster, Guy. [[2007]]. "Examining Mars' Moon Phobos in a Different Light." ''PhysOrg,'' 5 Octobris 2017. [https://phys.org/news/2017-10-mars-moon-phobos.html Textus interretialis.] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Phobos|Phobum}} * [http://www.solarviews.com/cap/mars/vphobos2.htm "Animation of Phobos."] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114657/http://www.usno.navy.mil/hallmedal.html "Descendants of Asaph Hall Present Memorabilia to USNO: Asaph Hall and the Moons of Mars."] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160731205625/http://mexlab.miigaik.ru/eng/projects/phobos_cartography/ Cartographia Phobi.] MIIGAiK Extraterrestrial Laboratory. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140624191709/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mar_Phobos "Solar System Exploration: Phobos: Overview."] [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov De Systemate Solari apud NASA.] * [http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/phobos.php "HiRISE Phobos."] * [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/FeatureTypes2.jsp?system=Mars&body=Phobos&systemID=4&bodyID=22&sort=AName&show=Fname&show=Lat&show=Long&show=Diam&show=Stat&show=Orig USGS De nomenclatura Phobi.] * [http://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/Portaldata/1/Resources/Bilder/missionen/mars/16_9/artikel_phobos3.jpg "Mars Express view of Phobos."] * [http://www.solarviews.com/cap/mars/vphobos3.htm ''Flight around Phobos''] ([[pellicula]]). * Scale of Photos. [http://www.phobos.cn/thread/?159.html] [http://davinci-marsdesign.blogspot.com/2012/05/scale-of-phobos.html] {{Systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Corpora astronomica speculatris visitata]] [[Categoria:Satellites Martis]] [[Categoria:Systema solare]] {{Myrias|Physica}} opf3x7zngtt9qd08rdb28ogiv5ex0s9 0 5121 3700018 3274734 2022-08-27T13:47:44Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Non stipula}} [[Fasciculus:Mesomedes Kalliopeia sopha.png|thumb|upright=3|Mesomedis ''In Calliopen'' notis musicis hodiernis accommodatum]] '''Mĕsŏmēdēs Cretensis''', qui [[floruit]] anno [[130]], [[poeta]] [[lyrica|lyricus]] et [[Graecia|Graecus]], libertus [[Imperator]]is [[Hadrianus|Hadriani]], ex cuius operibus nonnulla non solum exstant sed etiam musicis adscriptis. == Opera == * Invocatio Musae * Hymnus in Nemesin * Hymnus in Solem == Bibliographia == * [[Vincentius Galilei]], ''Dialogo ... della musica antica et della moderna''. Florentiae, 1581 {{Google Books|XdwPquJVBm4C|vide p. 97}} * Egert Pöhlmann, [[Martinus West|Martin L. West]], edd., ''Documents of Ancient Greek Music: The Extant Melodies and Fragments, edited and transcribed with commentary. Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 2001 [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 1 aut 2]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 2]] [[Categoria:Musici Graeci antiqui]] [[Categoria:Poetae Graeciae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Graeci antiqui]] [[Categoria:Incolae Cretae]] [[Categoria:Liberti]] k97p3q17m2k7i9v4kc4vu9ey59no55x 3700019 3700018 2022-08-27T13:48:27Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Mĕsŏmēdēs Cretensis''', qui [[floruit]] anno [[130]], [[poeta]] [[lyrica|lyricus]] et [[Graecia|Graecus]], libertus [[Imperator]]is [[Hadrianus|Hadriani]], ex cuius operibus nonnulla non solum exstant sed etiam musicis adscriptis. == Opera == * Invocatio Musae * Hymnus in Nemesin * Hymnus in Solem == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Mesomedes Kalliopeia sopha.png|thumb|upright=3|Mesomedis ''In Calliopen'' notis musicis hodiernis accommodatum]] * [[Vincentius Galilei]], ''Dialogo ... della musica antica et della moderna''. Florentiae, 1581 {{Google Books|XdwPquJVBm4C|vide p. 97}} * Egert Pöhlmann, [[Martinus West|Martin L. West]], edd., ''Documents of Ancient Greek Music: The Extant Melodies and Fragments, edited and transcribed with commentary. Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 2001 [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 1 aut 2]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 2]] [[Categoria:Musici Graeci antiqui]] [[Categoria:Poetae Graeciae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Graeci antiqui]] [[Categoria:Incolae Cretae]] [[Categoria:Liberti]] pv7sl7n2t8algzuvtpimcdughlgd7oj 3700020 3700019 2022-08-27T13:48:48Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Bibliographia */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Mĕsŏmēdēs Cretensis''', qui [[floruit]] anno [[130]], [[poeta]] [[lyrica|lyricus]] et [[Graecia|Graecus]], libertus [[Imperator]]is [[Hadrianus|Hadriani]], ex cuius operibus nonnulla non solum exstant sed etiam musicis adscriptis. == Opera == * Invocatio Musae * Hymnus in Nemesin * Hymnus in Solem == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Mesomedes Kalliopeia sopha.png|thumb|upright=3|Mesomedis ''In Calliopen'' notis musicis hodiernis accommodatum]] * [[Vincentius Galilei]], ''Dialogo ... della musica antica et della moderna''. Florentiae, 1581 {{Google Books|XdwPquJVBm4C|vide p. 97}} * Egert Pöhlmann, [[Martinus West|Martin L. West]], edd., ''Documents of Ancient Greek Music: The Extant Melodies and Fragments, edited and transcribed with commentary''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 2001 [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 1 aut 2]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 2]] [[Categoria:Musici Graeci antiqui]] [[Categoria:Poetae Graeciae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Graeci antiqui]] [[Categoria:Incolae Cretae]] [[Categoria:Liberti]] 3igmlirz2ybvaqkq2xyh0yh9zazfm1z 0 6883 3700056 3696015 2022-08-27T15:59:18Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Aristophanes''' ([[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ἀριστοφάνης}}) fuit poëta [[Comoedia|comicus]] [[Athenae|Atheniensis]] [[saeculum 5 a.C.n.|saeculi quinti a.C.n.]], natus c. 450, mortuus c. 385. Solus ex [[Comoedia Vetus|veteris comoediae]] scriptoribus est, cuius opera integra ad aetatem nostram pervenerunt. Ex iis quas nunc habemus fabulis novem inter comoedias veteres numerantur; duae (scilicet ''Ecclesiazusae'' et ''Plutus'') [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] adnumerantur. == Opera Aristophanis integra == [[Fasciculus:Title page of one of the first editions of Aristophanes (1498). Aldine Aristophanes.jpg|thumb|[[Editio princeps]] [[Aldus Manutius|Aldina]] (1498).]] :''Vide etiam ''[[Index fabularum Aristophanearum]] * [[Acharnenses]], {{Polytonic|Ἀχαρνεῖς}}, [[425 a.C.n.]] [[Lenaea|Lenaeis]] producta * [[Equites (Aristophanes)|Equites]], {{Polytonic|Ἱππεῖς}}, 424 Lenaeis * [[Nubes Aristophanis|Nubes]], {{Polytonic|Νεφέλαι}} * [[Vespae (Aristophanes)|Vespae]], {{Polytonic|Σφῆκες}}, 422 Lenaeis * [[Pax (Aristophanes)|Pax]], {{Polytonic|Εἰρήνη}}, 421 [[Dionysia|Dionysiis]] * [[Aves Aristophanis|Aves]], {{Polytonic|Ὄρνιθες}}, 414 Dionysiis * [[Lysistrata (Aristophanes)|Lysistrata]], {{Polytonic|Λυσιστράτη}}, 411 forsitan Lenaeis * [[Thesmophoriazusae]], {{Polytonic|Θεσμοφοριάζουσαι}}, 411 forsitan Dionysiis * [[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranae]], {{Polytonic|Βάτραχοι}}, 405 Lenaea, iterum 404 vel 403 * [[Ecclesiazusae]], {{Polytonic|Ἐκκλησιάζουσαι}}, inter 393 et 391, in quo verbum longissimum reperitur: ''Lopado&shy;temakho&shy;selakho&shy;galeo&shy;kranio&shy;leipsano&shy;drim&shy;hypo&shy;trimmato&shy;silphio&shy;karabo&shy;melito&shy;katakekhy&shy;meno&shy;kikhl&shy;epi&shy;kossypho&shy;phatto&shy;perister&shy;alektryon&shy;opto&shy;kephallio&shy;kigklo&shy;peleio&shy;lagōio&shy;siraio&shy;baphē&shy;tragano&shy;pterýgōn'' * [[Plutus (Aristophanes)|Plutus]], {{Polytonic|Πλοῦτος}}, [[388 a.C.n.|388]] Tituli fabularum plerumque [[Chorus|chori]] compositionem indicant. == Editiones == *''[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008901844 Aristophanis Comici quae supersunt opera]''. Recensuit Fredericus H. M. Blaydes, Halis Saxonum, 1886 (Introductio et notae Latine) * Berglerus, Stephanus et Dukerus, Carolus Andreas. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Aristophanis_Comoediae_Undecim_Graece_Et/Z1LPe6w2F1gC Aristophanis Comoediae Undecim], Graece et '''Latine'''''. Lugduni Batavorum: apud Samuelem et Ioannem Luchtmans, 1760. == Plura legere si cupis == [[Fasciculus:Aristofanes.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Aristophanes: protome antiqua ([[Porticus Officiorum]] [[Florentia]]e)]] *Malika C M Bastin-Hammou, "[https://www.academia.edu/17595720/La_r%C3%A9ception_des_Nu%C3%A9es_dAristophane_en_France_quelques_jalons La réception des Nuées d'Aristophane en France : quelques jalons]", in ''Météôrosophistai - Contributions sur les ''Nuées'' d'Aristophane'', Cahiers du GITA(19), 2015ː 143-169 ** "[https://www.cairn.info/revue-litteratures-classiques1-2010-2-page-85.htm Anne Dacier et les premières traductions françaises d'Aristophane : l'invention du métier de femme philologue]", ''Littératures classiques'' 2010ː 85-99 *Simone Beta, "[https://doi.org/10.4000/anabases.5287 Peut-on traduire «  savamment  » tout en faisant des bévues incroyables  ? Andreas Divus et son Aristophane]", ''Anabases'', 2015ː 125-138 *Maurice Croiset, ''[https://archive.org/details/aristophaneetle01croigoog/page/n11/mode/2up Aristophane et les partis à Athènes]'', Lutetiae, 1906 *Claire Giaume, "[https://doi.org/10.4000/rursus.515 Le chœur dans les luttes d’Aristophane. Rôle et évolution des interventions du chœur dans les scènes d’agôn chez Aristophane]", ''Rursus'', 2011 *Carine Karitini Doganis, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/jds_0021-8103_2001_num_2_1_1644 La sycophantie dans la démocratie athénienne d'après les comédies d'Aristophane]", Journal des Savants, 2001ː 225-248 * Carolus Holzinger, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=wss3lZpXdOYC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De verborum lusu apud Aristophanem]'', Vindobonae, A. Hoelder, 1876 *Christine Hunzinger, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/keryl_1275-6229_2000_act_10_1_1017 Aristophane, lecteur d'Euripide]" in ''Actes du 10ème colloque de la Villa Kérylos à Beaulieu-sur-Mer les 1er & 2 octobre 1999'', 2000ː 99-110 *Ghislaine Jay-Robert, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2003_num_116_2_4545 L'espace chez Aristophane. Exemple des Acharniens, de la Paix, de Lysistrata et des Guêpes]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 2003ː 418-444 *Manfred Landfester, ''Handlungsführung und Komik in den frühen Komödien des Aristophanes'', de Gruyter, 1978 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1978_num_47_2_1921_t1_0616_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Dominique Lenfant, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2193 Rois et tyrans dans le théâtre d’Aristophane]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 185-200 * Raoul Lonis, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_2002_num_27_1_2333 Aristophane et les étrangers]", ''Ktèma'', 2002ː 183-194 * Douglas M. MacDowell, ''Aristophanes and Athens: an introduction to the plays''. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-19-872158-7 * Peter von Möllendorff, ''Aristophanes''. Hildeshemiae: Olms, 2002. ISBN 3-487-11487-9 * Cécile Morana-Corbel, "[https://doi.org/10.3917/inli.552.0042 Le Bestiaire d'Aristophane]", ''L'information littéraire'' 2003ː 42-45 **''[http://books.openedition.org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/lesbelleslettres/1614 Le Bestiaire d'Aristophane]'', Les Belles Lettres, 2012 [https://web.archive.org/web/20180412002944/http://works.swarthmore.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=fac-classics Recensio critica] * Parker, L. P. E. ''The Songs of Aristophanes.'' Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 0198149441 * Leo Strauss, ''Socrate et Aristophane''. Lutetiae: Éd. de l'Éclat, 1993. ISBN 978-2-905372-83-3 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=DFGQczvwG5oC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae pagina apud Guglum librorum] *Iohannes Taillardat, ''Les Images d’Aristophane: études de langue et de style.'' Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1965. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1966_num_79_374_3870_t1_0533_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Monique Trédé, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/keryl_1275-6229_2000_act_10_1_1019 Aristophane, critique littéraire]" in ''Actes du 10ème colloque de la Villa Kérylos à Beaulieu-sur-Mer les 1er & 2 octobre 1999'', 2000ː 129-139 *Yves Urbain, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1939_num_8_1_3092 Les idées économiques d'Aristophane]", ''L'Antiquité Classique'', 1939ː 183-200 *Noémie Villacèque, ''[https://books.openedition.org/pur/136713 Spectateurs de parolesː Délibération démocratique et théâtre à Athènes à l’époque classique]'', Presses Universitaires de rennes, 2013. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Aristophanes|Aristophanem}} *[https://books.google.fr/books?id=CFBWAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nicodemi Frischlini Latina versio textui Graeco iuxtaposita (1586)] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} {{Bio-stipula}} {{Myrias|Homines}} [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 5 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Auctores Graeci antiqui]] [[Categoria:Aristophanes|!]] [[Categoria:Convivium (Plato)]] [[Categoria:Comici]] [[Categoria:Poetae Graeciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Graeciae antiquae]] o50vkothjxjo3lpg8kpi2c8jpoc3865 3700057 3700056 2022-08-27T16:00:26Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Aristophanes''' ([[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ἀριστοφάνης}}) fuit poëta [[Comoedia|comicus]] [[Athenae|Atheniensis]] [[saeculum 5 a.C.n.|saeculi quinti a.C.n.]], natus c. 450, mortuus c. 385. Solus ex [[Comoedia Vetus|veteris comoediae]] scriptoribus est, cuius opera integra ad aetatem nostram pervenerunt. Ex iis quas nunc habemus fabulis novem inter comoedias veteres numerantur; duae (scilicet ''Ecclesiazusae'' et ''Plutus'') [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] adnumerantur. == Opera Aristophanis integra == [[Fasciculus:Title page of one of the first editions of Aristophanes (1498). Aldine Aristophanes.jpg|thumb|[[Editio princeps]] [[Aldus Manutius|Aldina]] (1498).]] :''Vide etiam ''[[Index fabularum Aristophanearum]] * [[Acharnenses]], {{Polytonic|Ἀχαρνεῖς}}, [[425 a.C.n.]] [[Lenaea|Lenaeis]] producta * [[Equites (Aristophanes)|Equites]], {{Polytonic|Ἱππεῖς}}, 424 Lenaeis * [[Nubes Aristophanis|Nubes]], {{Polytonic|Νεφέλαι}} * [[Vespae (Aristophanes)|Vespae]], {{Polytonic|Σφῆκες}}, 422 Lenaeis * [[Pax (Aristophanes)|Pax]], {{Polytonic|Εἰρήνη}}, 421 [[Dionysia|Dionysiis]] * [[Aves Aristophanis|Aves]], {{Polytonic|Ὄρνιθες}}, 414 Dionysiis * [[Lysistrata (Aristophanes)|Lysistrata]], {{Polytonic|Λυσιστράτη}}, 411 forsitan Lenaeis * [[Thesmophoriazusae]], {{Polytonic|Θεσμοφοριάζουσαι}}, 411 forsitan Dionysiis * [[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranae]], {{Polytonic|Βάτραχοι}}, 405 Lenaea, iterum 404 vel 403 * [[Ecclesiazusae]], {{Polytonic|Ἐκκλησιάζουσαι}}, inter 393 et 391, in quo verbum longissimum reperitur: ''Lopado&shy;temakho&shy;selakho&shy;galeo&shy;kranio&shy;leipsano&shy;drim&shy;hypo&shy;trimmato&shy;silphio&shy;karabo&shy;melito&shy;katakekhy&shy;meno&shy;kikhl&shy;epi&shy;kossypho&shy;phatto&shy;perister&shy;alektryon&shy;opto&shy;kephallio&shy;kigklo&shy;peleio&shy;lagōio&shy;siraio&shy;baphē&shy;tragano&shy;pterýgōn'' * [[Plutus (Aristophanes)|Plutus]], {{Polytonic|Πλοῦτος}}, [[388 a.C.n.|388]] Tituli fabularum plerumque [[Chorus|chori]] compositionem indicant. == Editiones == *''[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008901844 Aristophanis Comici quae supersunt opera]''. Recensuit Fredericus H. M. Blaydes, Halis Saxonum, 1886 (Introductio et notae Latine) * Berglerus, Stephanus et Dukerus, Carolus Andreas. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Aristophanis_Comoediae_Undecim_Graece_Et/Z1LPe6w2F1gC Aristophanis Comoediae Undecim], Graece et '''Latine'''''. Lugduni Batavorum: apud Samuelem et Ioannem Luchtmans, 1760. == Plura legere si cupis == [[Fasciculus:Aristofanes.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Aristophanes: protome antiqua ([[Porticus Officiorum]] [[Florentia]]e)]] *Malika C M Bastin-Hammou, "[https://www.academia.edu/17595720/La_r%C3%A9ception_des_Nu%C3%A9es_dAristophane_en_France_quelques_jalons La réception des Nuées d'Aristophane en France : quelques jalons]", in ''Météôrosophistai - Contributions sur les ''Nuées'' d'Aristophane'', Cahiers du GITA(19), 2015ː 143-169 ** "[https://www.cairn.info/revue-litteratures-classiques1-2010-2-page-85.htm Anne Dacier et les premières traductions françaises d'Aristophane : l'invention du métier de femme philologue]", ''Littératures classiques'' 2010ː 85-99 *Simone Beta, "[https://doi.org/10.4000/anabases.5287 Peut-on traduire «  savamment  » tout en faisant des bévues incroyables  ? Andreas Divus et son Aristophane]", ''Anabases'', 2015ː 125-138 *Maurice Croiset, ''[https://archive.org/details/aristophaneetle01croigoog/page/n11/mode/2up Aristophane et les partis à Athènes]'', Lutetiae, 1906 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1907_num_9_3_1508_t1_0274_0000_1 Recensio critica] *Claire Giaume, "[https://doi.org/10.4000/rursus.515 Le chœur dans les luttes d’Aristophane. Rôle et évolution des interventions du chœur dans les scènes d’agôn chez Aristophane]", ''Rursus'', 2011 *Carine Karitini Doganis, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/jds_0021-8103_2001_num_2_1_1644 La sycophantie dans la démocratie athénienne d'après les comédies d'Aristophane]", Journal des Savants, 2001ː 225-248 * Carolus Holzinger, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=wss3lZpXdOYC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De verborum lusu apud Aristophanem]'', Vindobonae, A. Hoelder, 1876 *Christine Hunzinger, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/keryl_1275-6229_2000_act_10_1_1017 Aristophane, lecteur d'Euripide]" in ''Actes du 10ème colloque de la Villa Kérylos à Beaulieu-sur-Mer les 1er & 2 octobre 1999'', 2000ː 99-110 *Ghislaine Jay-Robert, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2003_num_116_2_4545 L'espace chez Aristophane. Exemple des Acharniens, de la Paix, de Lysistrata et des Guêpes]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 2003ː 418-444 *Manfred Landfester, ''Handlungsführung und Komik in den frühen Komödien des Aristophanes'', de Gruyter, 1978 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1978_num_47_2_1921_t1_0616_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Dominique Lenfant, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2193 Rois et tyrans dans le théâtre d’Aristophane]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 185-200 * Raoul Lonis, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_2002_num_27_1_2333 Aristophane et les étrangers]", ''Ktèma'', 2002ː 183-194 * Douglas M. MacDowell, ''Aristophanes and Athens: an introduction to the plays''. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-19-872158-7 * Peter von Möllendorff, ''Aristophanes''. Hildeshemiae: Olms, 2002. ISBN 3-487-11487-9 * Cécile Morana-Corbel, "[https://doi.org/10.3917/inli.552.0042 Le Bestiaire d'Aristophane]", ''L'information littéraire'' 2003ː 42-45 **''[http://books.openedition.org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/lesbelleslettres/1614 Le Bestiaire d'Aristophane]'', Les Belles Lettres, 2012 [https://web.archive.org/web/20180412002944/http://works.swarthmore.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=fac-classics Recensio critica] * Parker, L. P. E. ''The Songs of Aristophanes.'' Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 0198149441 * Leo Strauss, ''Socrate et Aristophane''. Lutetiae: Éd. de l'Éclat, 1993. ISBN 978-2-905372-83-3 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=DFGQczvwG5oC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae pagina apud Guglum librorum] *Iohannes Taillardat, ''Les Images d’Aristophane: études de langue et de style.'' Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1965. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1966_num_79_374_3870_t1_0533_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Monique Trédé, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/keryl_1275-6229_2000_act_10_1_1019 Aristophane, critique littéraire]" in ''Actes du 10ème colloque de la Villa Kérylos à Beaulieu-sur-Mer les 1er & 2 octobre 1999'', 2000ː 129-139 *Yves Urbain, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1939_num_8_1_3092 Les idées économiques d'Aristophane]", ''L'Antiquité Classique'', 1939ː 183-200 *Noémie Villacèque, ''[https://books.openedition.org/pur/136713 Spectateurs de parolesː Délibération démocratique et théâtre à Athènes à l’époque classique]'', Presses Universitaires de rennes, 2013. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Aristophanes|Aristophanem}} *[https://books.google.fr/books?id=CFBWAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nicodemi Frischlini Latina versio textui Graeco iuxtaposita (1586)] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} {{Bio-stipula}} {{Myrias|Homines}} [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 5 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Auctores Graeci antiqui]] [[Categoria:Aristophanes|!]] [[Categoria:Convivium (Plato)]] [[Categoria:Comici]] [[Categoria:Poetae Graeciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Graeciae antiquae]] jn6bbx6h8ucmd7vi561ifh8l9zd618w 3700058 3700057 2022-08-27T16:04:25Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Aristophanes''' ([[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ἀριστοφάνης}}) fuit poëta [[Comoedia|comicus]] [[Athenae|Atheniensis]] [[saeculum 5 a.C.n.|saeculi quinti a.C.n.]], natus c. 450, mortuus c. 385. Solus ex [[Comoedia Vetus|veteris comoediae]] scriptoribus est, cuius opera integra ad aetatem nostram pervenerunt. Ex iis quas nunc habemus fabulis novem inter comoedias veteres numerantur; duae (scilicet ''Ecclesiazusae'' et ''Plutus'') [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] adnumerantur. == Opera Aristophanis integra == [[Fasciculus:Title page of one of the first editions of Aristophanes (1498). Aldine Aristophanes.jpg|thumb|[[Editio princeps]] [[Aldus Manutius|Aldina]] (1498).]] :''Vide etiam ''[[Index fabularum Aristophanearum]] * [[Acharnenses]], {{Polytonic|Ἀχαρνεῖς}}, [[425 a.C.n.]] [[Lenaea|Lenaeis]] producta * [[Equites (Aristophanes)|Equites]], {{Polytonic|Ἱππεῖς}}, 424 Lenaeis * [[Nubes Aristophanis|Nubes]], {{Polytonic|Νεφέλαι}} * [[Vespae (Aristophanes)|Vespae]], {{Polytonic|Σφῆκες}}, 422 Lenaeis * [[Pax (Aristophanes)|Pax]], {{Polytonic|Εἰρήνη}}, 421 [[Dionysia|Dionysiis]] * [[Aves Aristophanis|Aves]], {{Polytonic|Ὄρνιθες}}, 414 Dionysiis * [[Lysistrata (Aristophanes)|Lysistrata]], {{Polytonic|Λυσιστράτη}}, 411 forsitan Lenaeis * [[Thesmophoriazusae]], {{Polytonic|Θεσμοφοριάζουσαι}}, 411 forsitan Dionysiis * [[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranae]], {{Polytonic|Βάτραχοι}}, 405 Lenaea, iterum 404 vel 403 * [[Ecclesiazusae]], {{Polytonic|Ἐκκλησιάζουσαι}}, inter 393 et 391, in quo verbum longissimum reperitur: ''Lopado&shy;temakho&shy;selakho&shy;galeo&shy;kranio&shy;leipsano&shy;drim&shy;hypo&shy;trimmato&shy;silphio&shy;karabo&shy;melito&shy;katakekhy&shy;meno&shy;kikhl&shy;epi&shy;kossypho&shy;phatto&shy;perister&shy;alektryon&shy;opto&shy;kephallio&shy;kigklo&shy;peleio&shy;lagōio&shy;siraio&shy;baphē&shy;tragano&shy;pterýgōn'' * [[Plutus (Aristophanes)|Plutus]], {{Polytonic|Πλοῦτος}}, [[388 a.C.n.|388]] Tituli fabularum plerumque [[Chorus|chori]] compositionem indicant. == Editiones == *''[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008901844 Aristophanis Comici quae supersunt opera]''. Recensuit Fredericus H. M. Blaydes, Halis Saxonum, 1886 (Introductio et notae Latine) * Berglerus, Stephanus et Dukerus, Carolus Andreas. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Aristophanis_Comoediae_Undecim_Graece_Et/Z1LPe6w2F1gC Aristophanis Comoediae Undecim], Graece et '''Latine'''''. Lugduni Batavorum: apud Samuelem et Ioannem Luchtmans, 1760. == Plura legere si cupis == [[Fasciculus:Aristofanes.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Aristophanes: protome antiqua ([[Porticus Officiorum]] [[Florentia]]e)]] *Malika C M Bastin-Hammou, "[https://www.academia.edu/17595720/La_r%C3%A9ception_des_Nu%C3%A9es_dAristophane_en_France_quelques_jalons La réception des Nuées d'Aristophane en France : quelques jalons]", in ''Météôrosophistai - Contributions sur les ''Nuées'' d'Aristophane'', Cahiers du GITA(19), 2015ː 143-169 ** "[https://www.cairn.info/revue-litteratures-classiques1-2010-2-page-85.htm Anne Dacier et les premières traductions françaises d'Aristophane : l'invention du métier de femme philologue]", ''Littératures classiques'' 2010ː 85-99 *Simone Beta, "[https://doi.org/10.4000/anabases.5287 Peut-on traduire «  savamment  » tout en faisant des bévues incroyables  ? Andreas Divus et son Aristophane]", ''Anabases'', 2015ː 125-138 *Maurice Croiset, ''[https://archive.org/details/aristophaneetle01croigoog/page/n11/mode/2up Aristophane et les partis à Athènes]'', Lutetiae, 1906 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1907_num_9_3_1508_t1_0274_0000_1 Recensio critica] [https://education.persee.fr/doc/revin_1775-6014_1906_num_52_2_5592_t1_0161_0000_3 Altera recensio critica] *Claire Giaume, "[https://doi.org/10.4000/rursus.515 Le chœur dans les luttes d’Aristophane. Rôle et évolution des interventions du chœur dans les scènes d’agôn chez Aristophane]", ''Rursus'', 2011 *Carine Karitini Doganis, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/jds_0021-8103_2001_num_2_1_1644 La sycophantie dans la démocratie athénienne d'après les comédies d'Aristophane]", Journal des Savants, 2001ː 225-248 * Carolus Holzinger, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=wss3lZpXdOYC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De verborum lusu apud Aristophanem]'', Vindobonae, A. Hoelder, 1876 *Christine Hunzinger, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/keryl_1275-6229_2000_act_10_1_1017 Aristophane, lecteur d'Euripide]" in ''Actes du 10ème colloque de la Villa Kérylos à Beaulieu-sur-Mer les 1er & 2 octobre 1999'', 2000ː 99-110 *Ghislaine Jay-Robert, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2003_num_116_2_4545 L'espace chez Aristophane. Exemple des Acharniens, de la Paix, de Lysistrata et des Guêpes]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 2003ː 418-444 *Manfred Landfester, ''Handlungsführung und Komik in den frühen Komödien des Aristophanes'', de Gruyter, 1978 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1978_num_47_2_1921_t1_0616_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Dominique Lenfant, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2193 Rois et tyrans dans le théâtre d’Aristophane]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 185-200 * Raoul Lonis, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_2002_num_27_1_2333 Aristophane et les étrangers]", ''Ktèma'', 2002ː 183-194 * Douglas M. MacDowell, ''Aristophanes and Athens: an introduction to the plays''. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-19-872158-7 * Peter von Möllendorff, ''Aristophanes''. Hildeshemiae: Olms, 2002. ISBN 3-487-11487-9 * Cécile Morana-Corbel, "[https://doi.org/10.3917/inli.552.0042 Le Bestiaire d'Aristophane]", ''L'information littéraire'' 2003ː 42-45 **''[http://books.openedition.org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/lesbelleslettres/1614 Le Bestiaire d'Aristophane]'', Les Belles Lettres, 2012 [https://web.archive.org/web/20180412002944/http://works.swarthmore.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=fac-classics Recensio critica] * Parker, L. P. E. ''The Songs of Aristophanes.'' Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 0198149441 * Leo Strauss, ''Socrate et Aristophane''. Lutetiae: Éd. de l'Éclat, 1993. ISBN 978-2-905372-83-3 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=DFGQczvwG5oC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae pagina apud Guglum librorum] *Iohannes Taillardat, ''Les Images d’Aristophane: études de langue et de style.'' Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1965. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1966_num_79_374_3870_t1_0533_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Monique Trédé, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/keryl_1275-6229_2000_act_10_1_1019 Aristophane, critique littéraire]" in ''Actes du 10ème colloque de la Villa Kérylos à Beaulieu-sur-Mer les 1er & 2 octobre 1999'', 2000ː 129-139 *Yves Urbain, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1939_num_8_1_3092 Les idées économiques d'Aristophane]", ''L'Antiquité Classique'', 1939ː 183-200 *Noémie Villacèque, ''[https://books.openedition.org/pur/136713 Spectateurs de parolesː Délibération démocratique et théâtre à Athènes à l’époque classique]'', Presses Universitaires de rennes, 2013. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Aristophanes|Aristophanem}} *[https://books.google.fr/books?id=CFBWAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nicodemi Frischlini Latina versio textui Graeco iuxtaposita (1586)] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} {{Bio-stipula}} {{Myrias|Homines}} [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 5 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Auctores Graeci antiqui]] [[Categoria:Aristophanes|!]] [[Categoria:Convivium (Plato)]] [[Categoria:Comici]] [[Categoria:Poetae Graeciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Graeciae antiquae]] nn2rmp9i9gvl6h3u3h0p9iob828sjbp 0 7229 3700208 3678263 2022-08-28T11:30:00Z CommonsDelinker 1422 [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker/commands|automaton]]: Substituens [[commons:Image:Football_in_Bloomington,_Indiana,_1996.jpg|Image:Football_in_Bloomington,_Indiana,_1996.jpg]] pro Image:Football_iu_1996.jpg. CommonsDelinker hanc rationem dedit: [[:c:COM:FR wikitext text/x-wiki ''Ad 'pediludium Americanum' quod dicitur, videas s.v. [[harpastum Americanum]]''[[Fasciculus:Football in Bloomington, Indiana, 1996.jpg|thumb|Homines pediludium ludunt.|280x280px]] [[Fasciculus:La mejor Hinchada de Futbol Argentino.jpg|thumb|In eu,{{dubsig}} quatenus portant velut ad fans{{dubsig}} in quadrigis par est ad robora sui.]] '''Pediludium'''<ref name=PONS>{{PONS-Egger}}.</ref> ([[Anglice]] ''association football'', ''football'', vel ''soccer'', ab ''as-''soc''-iation'' et suffixo ''-er''), est [[Lusus gregalis]] quo [[duo|duae]] manus [[Undecim|undenorum]] [[homo|hominum]] inter se certantes [[follis (pediludium)|folle]] [[sphaera|sphaerico]] ludunt. [[Saeculum 21|Saeculo vicensimo primo]] ineunte, plus quam 250 000 000 lusores in plus quam ducentis [[civitas|civitatibus]] pediludium interdum ludunt, quod ergo est lusus populo orbis terrarum gratissimus.<ref name=EB>{{cite web|title= Overview of Soccer |coauthors= |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/550852/football|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=2008-06-04}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Guttman |first=Allen |editor=Eric Dunning, Joseph A. Maguire, Robert E. Pearton |title=The Sports Process: A Comparative and Developmental Approach |year=1993 |accessdate=2008-01-26 |publisher=Human Kinetics |location=[[Champaign, Illinois|Champaign]] |isbn=0-88011-624-2 |page=129 |chapter=The Diffusion of Sports and the Problem of Cultural Imperialism |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=tQY5wxQDn5gC&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=world's+most+popular+team+sport&source=web&ots=6ns3wVUEGV&sig=SZPKYSDMJBrO1uV4mPxNbKyAuJY#PPA129,M1 |quote=the game is complex enough not to be invented independently by many preliterate cultures and yet simple enough to become the world's most popular team sport.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dunning |first=Eric |authorlink=Ericus Dunning |title=Sport Matters: Sociological Studies of Sport, Violence and Civilisation |year=[[1999]] |accessdate=2008-01-26 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London |isbn=0-415-06413-9 |page=103 |chapter=The development of soccer as a world game |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=X3lX_LVBaToC&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=world's+most+popular+team+sport&source=web&ots=ehee9Lr9o1&sig=nyvDhcrPoR8lXhYKE7k4CZYg_qU#PPA103,M1 |quote=During the twentieth century, soccer emerged as the world's most popular team sport.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mueller |first1=Frederick |last2=Cantu |first=Robert |last3=Van Camp |first3=Steven |title=Catastrophic Injuries in High School and College Sports |year=[[1996]] |accessdate=2008-01-26 |publisher=Human Kinetics |location=[[Champaign, Illinois|Champaign]] Illinoesiae |isbn=0-87322-674-7 |page=57 |chapter=Team Sports |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=XG6AIHLtyaUC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=soccer+most+popular+team+sport&source=web&ots=QzydYB5Am0&sig=w_ouIgmegjytYFfWy7k92guTNfU#PPA57,M1 |quote=Soccer is the most popular sport in the world and is an industry worth over [[US$]]400 billion world wide. 80% of this is generated in Europe, though its popularity is growing in the United States. It has been estimated that there were 22 million soccer players in the world in the early 1980s, and that number is increasing. In the United States soccer is now a major sport at both the high school and college levels.}}</ref> Ludus in rectangulari [[Poaceae|graminis]] vel [[viridis]] [[herba artificiosa|herbae artificiosae]] campo fit, singulis [[porta (ars athletica)|portis]] in medio quoque fine breviore constitutis. Propositum lusorium est puncta acquirere, folle in portam seu ianuam oppositam propulso. Generaliter inter ludendum solum [[Portarius (ars athletica)|ianitores]] follem [[Manus|manibus]] vel [[Brachium (anatomia)|bracchiis]] tangere sinuntur, dum alii lusores usitate [[pes|pedibus]] follem tangunt, aliquando trunco vel [[caput|capite]] utentes ad intercipiendum follem in [[aer]]e moventem. Lusu finito, turma cui sunt plures portae e certamine victrix evadit; si autem certantibus manibus est eadem punctorum summa, aequalitas declaratur, vel tempus additicium et, aequalitate permanente, iactus poenales habentur. [[Leges pediludii]] in Anglia a [[The Football Association]] anno [[1863]] primum ascitae sunt, quae se posthac evolverunt. Pediludium inter civitates a [[FIFA]] administratur, [[organizatio]]ne quae [[Certamen mundanum pedilusorium|Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] quoque quadriennio ordinat.<ref>http://www.fifa.com/en/marketing/newmedia/index/0,3509,10,00.html et [http://web.archive.org/web/20061230124633/http://www.fifa.com/en/marketing/newmedia/index/0,3509,10,00.html "2002 FIFA World Cup TV Coverage"] apud www.fifa.com (FIFA).</ref> == De vocabulo == ''Pediludium'', [[vocabulum]] originis recentis, in pluribus lexicis datur.<ref name=PONS/><ref name=NSLO>[[Ebbe Vilborg]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok,'' editio secunda (2009).</ref> Alia vocabula proposita sunt ''folliludiu''{{dubsig}}<ref name=NSLO/> et ''pedifolium''<ref name=NSLO/>. ''Pedilusor'' in ''[[Promptorium parvulorum|Promptorio parvulorum]]'' circa annum [[1440]] edito reperitur: "Camper, or playar at þe fotte balle: Pedilusor, -ris; masc., 3.";<ref>A. L. Mayhew, ed., ''The Promptorium Parvulorum'' (Londinii: 1908), [https://archive.org/stream/promptoriumparv00cathgoog#page/n70/mode/2up p. 69].</ref> hoc autem non ludum associationis, sed rudem ludum mediaevelem significat. Praeter ''pedilusor'', apud [[scriptor]]es recentes reperiuntur ''pedilustrix'', ''follilusor'', ''follilustrix'', ''lusor pedifollis''. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:One Hundred Children in the Long Spring.jpg|thumb|[[Puer]]i Sinenses ''[[cuju]]'' ludentes, tempore [[Domus Song]].]] Per [[saeculum|saecula]] varii fuerunt ludi in quibus pila pede feritur. Inter ludos antiquos simillimus hodierni ludi fortasse fuit ''[[cuju]]'' [[Sinae (regio)|Sinarum]]. Aliquando citantur [[episcyrus]] vel [[phaeninda]] [[Graecia antiqua|Graecorum]] et [[harpastum]] [[Roma antiqua|Romanorum]], in quibus autem ludis manus adhibebantur. Etiam in [[Medium Aevum|Medio Aevo]] ludi similes ludebantur, leges quorum per regiones variabant. Pediludium hodiernum medio [[saeculum 19|saeculo undevicesimo]] in [[schola publica|scholis publicis]] Angliae ortum est, cum varias ludorum formas in unum ordinare tentateretur. Maioris moment fuerunt Regulae Cantabrigienses (Cambrige Rules), primum anno [[1848]] in [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitate Cantabrigiensi]] dispositae, in conventu [[Collegium Trinitatis (Cantabrigia)|Collegii Trinitatis]] ubi legatus scholarum [[Collegium Etonense|Etonensis]], [[Schola Harroviensis|Harroviensis]], [[Schola Rugbeiensis|Rugbeiensis]], [[Schola Salopiensis|Salopiensis]], ac [[Collegium Sanctae Mariae prope Wintoniam|Wintoniensis]] aderant. Non ubique autem regulae sunt adoptatae. Multae societates cum scholis non coniunctae per terras linguae Anglicae formatae sunt ad alia pediludii genera ludenda, quarum aliquae suas regulas instituerunt, ut [[Sheffield FC|societas Sefeldensis]], a discipulis prioribus scholarum publicarum anno [[1857]] creata, deinde anno [[1867]] in Consociatio Sefeldensi inclusa. Etiam anno [[1862]], [[Ioannes Carolus Thring]] [[Schola Uppinghamensis|Scholae Uppinghamensis]] regulas magni momenti formulavi. Conatibus pediludii ordinandi perseverantibus, [[Consociatio pediludii Anglica]] (''The Football Association'') anno [[1863]] constituta est, quae primum mane die [[26 Octobris]] huius anni in Taberna Francomurariorum in Magna Platea Reginae Londinii congressa est. Eodem loco deinde quinque conventus inter Octobrem et Decembrem mensem acti sunt, in quibus primus amplus liber regularum creatus est. In ultimo coventu primus praefectus aerarii Consocationis pediludii societatem suam a consociatione subduxit propter duas leges in conventu priori ablatas, quarum prima lusores pila in manu currere sinebat, altera lusores cursum aliorum impedire tibiis feriendis (''hacking''), pedibus supplantandis, vel corporibus tenendis. Exemplum eius secutae sunt aliae societates moribus [[harpastum Rugbeiense|harpasti Rugbeiensis]] faventes, quae Consociationem pediludii non intraverunt, sed anno [[1871]] [[Unio pediludii Rugbeiensis|Unionem pediludii Rugbeiensis]] creaverunt. Deinde undecim societates reliquae, [[Ebenezer Cobb Morley]] duce, primas tredecim ludi leges confirmaverunt, inter quas erat notio ''fair catch'', captura pilae manibus, quae postea abolita est sed in aliis pediludii generibus mansit. Societas Sefeldensis propriis regulis lusit usque ad annos 1870, sed Consociatio nonnullas leges Sefeldenses accepit, donec parum inter ludos discriminis fuit. Vetustissimum pediludii consociationis certamen est [[FA Cup]] (Calix, seu tropaeum, consociationis pedilusoriae), anno [[1871]] a [[Carolus Alcock|Carolo Alcock]] institutum, in quo manus Anglicae etiamnunc inter se certant. Alcock etiam auctor fuit primi ludi inter nationes facti, anno 1872 [[Glaswegia]]e a manibus Scotica et Anglica lusi. [[liga pedilusoria Anglica|Prima liga]] etiam in Anglia sita est, [[Birminghamia]]e anno 1888 a [[Gulielmus McGregor|Gulielmo McGregor]], rectore societatis [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] constituta, primum duodecim societates mediarum terrarum et Angliae septentrionalis continens. In [[Europa]]m continentalem pediludium primus omnium transtulit [[Conradus Magirus]], magister [[lingua]]rum veterum [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvicensis]]. Leges ludi decernuntur a Consilio internationali pediludii consociationis (''International Football Association Board'', IFAB), anno 1886 creato, postquam consociationes Anglica, Scotica, Cambrica, atque Hibernica [[Mancunia]]e congressae sunt. [[Foederatio pedilusoria internationalis]] (FIFA) anno [[1904]] [[Lutetia]]e condita est, se leges Consociationis Anglicae sequi declarans. Ludo favorem populorum per orbem terrarum accipiente, legati FIFA in IFAB anno 1913 admissi sunt. Consilium nunc quattuor legatos FIFA et singulos legatos ex Anglia, Scotia, Cambria, atque [[Hibernia Septentrionalis]] comprehendit. Hodie pediludium in omnibus fere civitatibus luditur. Milliones hominum saepe in stadia eunt ad manus dilectas sequendas, et milliarda ludum in [[televisio]]ne vel [[interrete]] spectant, hoc est omnium ludorum maximus numerus spectatorum televisionis. Ludus apud amatoribus gratus est: inspectione FIFA anno 2001 facta, plus quam 240 milliones hominum in plus quam 200 civitatibus saepe pediludium ludant. In multibus orbis regionibus pediludium magnos animi affectus movet; pars gravis est vitae singulorum spectatorum, communitatum, ac nationum. Pacem proficere potest, ut cum manus pedilusoria [[Litus Eburneum|Litoris Eburnei]] in bello civili anni 2006 indutias inter factiones facere adiuvit; sed etiam vires excitare potest, ut cum in [[Bellum pediludii]] anni [[1969]] tumultus circa ludum inter [[Honduria]]m et [[Salvatoria]]m certamen prius aggravavit. == Lusus == [[Fasciculus:Kendall Johnson, soccer player.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Pedilustrix apparatu fundamentali induta: [[tunicula]], [[femoralia]], [[Udo|udones]], [[tegimen tibiale]] et [[Calceus|calcei]].]] Pediludium a duobus gregibus in campo finito luditur, [[Arbiter (ars athletica)|arbitro]] iudicante. Principale lusus propositum est follem in portam reticulatam propellere ut puncta obtineantur. Post nonaginta minutas, manus pluria puncta habens vincit. Manus pedilusoria undecim lusores continet. Solent esse [[quattuor]] defensores, qui manent in extrema campi parte ut portam suam custodiant. Sunt duo oppugnatores, qui manent in opposita campi parte, prope portam alterius manus et follem immittere in portam adversariam conantur. Sunt quattuor mediocampistae qui manent in media campi parte ut ceteris gregalibus omnibus auxilio sint. Unicuique turmae est unus [[Portarius (ars athletica)|portarius]], qui prope portam seu ianuam manet ut prohibeat quominus follis eam intret. In media parte campi arbiter follem ponit, et cum significat competitoribus follem licet pede tangere ut ludus incipiatur. Follis traditur inter [[Pes|pedes]] ne altera manus subripiat, ut follem moveant ad portam gregis adversarii et eum in ianuam immittere conentur. Tantum ianitori licet [[manus|manibus]] uti; ceteris autem lusoribus manibus ac bracchiis uti non licet. Si lusor follem tangit manibus sive bracchiis, grex eius poena afficitur et pilae possessio commutatur alteri turmae ut follis reducatur calcitratu libero. Follis intra confinium manere debet. Si lusor efficit ut follis ex obliquis campi finibus exeat, in poenam manus eius incurrit et pilae possessio commutatur alteri manui qua re lusori licet tenere follem manibus ut follem in campum super [[caput]] ambabus manibus tactum iaciendo reducat. Si lusor quivis efficit ut follis ex finibus per rectanguli lusorii latus, in quo sui gregis ianua est, exeat, eius turma poena item afficitur et possessio follis commutatur alteri manui, qua re follis ponetur in angulo campi confinii ut follis intro reducatur calcitratu angulari. == Leges pedilusoriae == Leges pediludii hodie septendecim sunt, quarum quaeque nonnullas normas comprehendit, et a [[IFAB|Collegio Pedilusorio Internationali (IFAB)]] regulantur. Primus codex legum fuit Codex Cantabrigiensis anno [[1848]] conscriptus, sed initium pediludii hodierni anno [[1863]] situm est, cum recens [[The Football Association|Consociatio Pedilusoria Anglica]] (''The Football Association'') codicem tredecim legum conscripsit. Illinc vero leges mutatae et accretae sunt. === Elementa lusus === ==== Lex prima: De campo lusorio ==== [[Fasciculus:Campus pedilusorius.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Campus pedilusorius.]] Campus lusorius [[Rectangulum|rectangularis]] et gramine naturali aut artificioso opertus esse debet. Termini longiores 'lineae laterales' et breviores 'lineae metae' appellantur et in medio campi 'linea media' lineis metae parallela campum in partes duas dividit. In medio utriusque lineae metae duo pali verticales palo perpendiculari coniunctos sunt: id est porta (sive ianua), cuius pars exterior [[Rete (restis)|rete]] operitur. Apud portam etiam area portae (minor) et area poenalis (maior) sunt. In area poenali undecim [[Metrum|metra]] a porta punctum poenale est. ==== Lex secunda: De folle ==== Follis lusorius sphaericus et de corio aut de alia materia adaequata confectus esse debet. Mensura [[Circulus|circuli]] eius inter 68 et 70 [[Centimetrum|centimetra]] atque [[Massa|massae]] inter 410 et 450 [[gramma]] esse debet. ==== Lex tertia: De lusorum numero ==== Utraque turma eodem tempore usque ad undenos lusores tantum in lusu habere potest, singuli e quibus officio [[Portarius (ars athletica)|portarii]] (sive ianitoris) funguntur qui soli ipsi follem brachiis tangere et manu tollere possunt (sed tantum dum in area poenali sua insunt). Si una e duabus turmis minus quam septem lusores in campo habet, statim lusum 0−3 perdit. Utraque turma usque ad ternos lusores eodem lusu substituere potest et inter ternos et septenos lusores supplentes habere potest. Hic numerus substitutionum in certaminibus non publicis mutari potest. ==== Lex quarta: De lusorum apparatu ==== Apparatus fundamentalis lusoribus [[tunicula]] (longa aut brevis), [[femoralia]], [[Udo|udones]], [[tegimen tibiale]] et [[Calceus|calcei]] est. Nulla ornamenta periculosa a lusoribus portari possunt. Utraque turma [[Color|colores]] diversos a contraria induere debet et portarius quidem diversos colores a collusoribus suis lusoribusque adversariis. === [[Arbiter (ars athletica)|Arbitri]] === ==== Lex quinta: De arbitro ==== Lusus ab [[Arbiter|arbitro]] qui maximam auctoritatem et potestatem [[Lex|leges]] exercendi habet inspicitur. Arbiter plenam potestatem consilia mutandi, [[tempus]] metiendi, lusum finiendi aut dilatandi aut intermittendi, iniurias et improbitates puniendi habet. Sententiae arbitri inter lusum terminales sunt et ipse solus eas mutare potest si opportunum id iudicat. ==== Lex sexta: De arbitris adiutoribus ==== Duo arbitri adiutores arbitro iuvando ad leges exercendas apponuntur. Generaliter arbitri adiutores per exteriorem partem lineae lateralis ad lusum melius inspiciendum currunt et ideo nonnumquam illi nomine 'iudices lineares' appellantur. Lineares parvum [[vexillum]] quo signa ad arbitrum facere possunt habent. Etiam quartus arbiter generaliter apud [[Sedile|sedilia]] turmalia arbitro iuvando ad leges inter supplentes et exercitatores exercendas apponitur. === Progressus ludus === ==== Lex septima: De lusus tempore ==== Lusus 90 [[Minutum|minuta]] longum est in duas aequas partes minutorum 45 divisus quae interstitionem usque ad 15 minuta longam habent. Tempore utriusque partis consummato, arbiter tempus amissum ob substitutiones, vulnerationes et alia recuperare potest tempore lusus dilatando. ==== Lex octava: De lusus initio et reditu ==== Lusus cum iactu initiali incipit, iactus initialis vero non tantum in initio lusus fit sed etiam post portam expugnatam, in initio temporis secundi et in initio [[Tempus additicium|temporum additiciorum]]. Ante initium lusus [[sortitio]] fit in qua pars campi ubi utraque turma defendat et turma quae iactum initialem faciet constituitur. Initio temporis secundi turmae partes campi permutant et iactus initialis tum ab altera turma fit. Iactus initialis e puncto centrali fit et omnes lusores ante iactum in campo suo manere debent. ==== Lex nona: De folle in ludendo et extra ludendo ==== Si follis e campo per lineam lateralem aut lineam metae exierit aut si lusus ab arbitro intermissus erit, follis extra ludendo erit. Ceterum in ludendo erit. ==== Lex decima: De porta expugnanda ==== [[Fasciculus:Offsidelarge.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Oppugnator [[caeruleus]] parte sinistra in loco seorso est quia post paenultimum defensorem (linea punctorum) et follem est]] Cum follis totus lineam metae inter tres palos portae transierit, porta expugnabitur et turma expugnatrix punctum accipiet. Turma quae tempore consummato plurima puncta habuerit vinciet. Si certamen aequalitatem punctorum non siverit et tempore lusus consummato aequalitas fuerit, tum tempus additicium ludi debebit. Si etiam post tempus additicium aequalitas manserit, series [[Iactus poenalis|poenalium]] iacietur. ==== Lex undecima: De loco seorso ==== In loco seorso esse per se iniuria non est, sin lusor in loco seorso lusionem participaverit iniuriam committet. Lusor in loco seorso erit cum propius a linea metae quam et paenultimus lusor adversarius et follis fuerit. In campo suo aut post iactum a porta, lateralem aut angularem lusor numquam in loco seorso erit. === [[Iniuria]]e et improbitates === ==== Lex duodecima: De iniuriis et improbitatibus ==== Iactus liber directus turmae adversariae concedetur si aliqui lusor aliquam harum iniuriarum arbitro iudicante commiserit: * adversarium calcitrare aut calcitrare conari, * adversarium supplantare aut supplantare conari, * ad adversarium salire, * adversarium invadere, * adversarium pulsare aut pulsare conari, * adversarium pellere, * adversarium duobus pedibus impedire, * adversarium prehendere, * adversario inspuere, * follem manu aut brachiis voluntarie tangere (nisi portarius in area sua). Iactus liber de loco ubi iniuria commissa erit iacietur. Sin lusor iniuriam in area poenali adversaria acceperit, [[iactus poenalis]] concedetur. Iactus liber indirectus turmae adversariae concedetur si aliqui lusor aliquam harum iniuriarum arbitro iudicante commiserit: * periculoso modo ludere, * adversario processum prohibere, * ut portarius follem manu iaciat prohibere Etiam iactus liber indirectus turmae adversaria concedetur si portarius aliquam harum iniuriarum commiserit: * follem in manibus magis quam 6 secunda tenere, * follem manu denuo tangere postquam eum de manibus missus est si nullus alius lusor interea follem tetigit, * follem manu tangere postquam collusor eum pede ei misit, * follem manu tangere postquam collusor eum de iactu laterali ei misit. [[Fasciculus:Yellow Card - Lausanne Sport vs. FC Thun - 22.10.2011.jpg|thumb|300x300px|[[Arbiter (ars athletica)|Arbiter]] [[chartula flava]] pedilusorem monet]] Arbiter potestatem monendi atque expellendi lusores habet. Arbiter chartulis coloratis ad monitiones et expulsiones indicandas utitur. Si aliqui lusor monetur, [[chartula flava]] et, si expulsatur, [[chartula rubra]] ei monstratur. Lusor chartula flava moneri poterit si aliquam harum improbitatum commiserit: * actiones [[Ars athletica|artibus athleticis]] indignas agere, * ab arbitro verbo aut actione dissentire, * leges assidue transgredere, * reditum lusus morari, * spatium legitimum in iactibus liberis, [[Iactus angularis|angularibus]] aut [[Iactus angularis|lateralibus]] non servare, * in campum sine probatione arbitri intrare aut redire, * campum voluntarie relinquere. Lusor chartula rubra expelli poterit si aliquam harum improbitatum commiserit: * actionibus graviter asperis ludere, * actiones violentas agere, * adversario aut alicui inspuere, * expugnationem portae aut occasionem manifestam portae expugnandae manu voluntarie prohibere (nisi portarius in area sua), * ocassionem manifestam portae expugnandae illegitime prohibere, * orationibus aut gestibus hostilibus, obscenis aut sordidis uti, * alteram monitionem eodem lusu ab arbitro accipere. === Follis quietus === ==== Lex tertiam decimam: De iactibus liberis ==== Iactus liberi directi aut indirecti esse possunt. Si follis de iactu directi in portam directe intraverit, punctum concedetur. De iactu indirecti autem punctum concedetur tantum si, antequam follis in portam intraverit, ab aliquo lusore tactus erit. Iactu libero calcitrando follis quietus esse debet et lusor qui follem calcitraverit eum denuo tangere non poterit si nullus alius lusor antea eum tetigerit. Omnes lusores turmae contrariae 9,15 metra a folle ante iactum manere debebunt. [[Fasciculus:Freistoss-RB Salzburg-18-09-2005.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Actus liber.]] ==== Lex quartam decimam: De iactu poenali ==== Si iactus directus post iniuriam in area poenali contraria concesserit, tum [[iactus poenalis]] calcitrabitur. Iactus poenalis e puncto poenali ad portam tantum calcitrabitur et [[portarius]] in linea portae suae ante iactum manere debebit. Omnes alii lusores in campo nisi lusor calcitrans 9,15 metra a puncto poenali, extra aream poenalem et post follem manere debebunt. Iactu poenali calcitrato lusor iaciens follem tangere non poterit antequam alius lusor eum tetigerit. ==== Lex quintam decimam: De iactu laterali ==== [[Iactus lateralis]] modus ad lusum redendi est postquam follis per lineas laterales e campo exiit. Iactus adversariis lusoris qui ultimus follem tetigerit concedet. Lusor iaciens follem cum duabus manibus super [[caput]] suum de loco ubi follis campo exierit emittere debebit. Lusor iaciens follem tangere non poterit antequam alius lusor eum tetigerit. Porta de iactu laterali expugnari non potest. ==== Lex sextam decimam: De iactu a porta ==== [[Iactus a porta]] modus ad lusum redendi est postquam follis per lineam metae e campo exierit si lusor qui ultimus follem tetigerit oppugnator istius portae fuerit et nisi porta expugnata erit. Iactus a porta ex area portae folle in solo quieto a turma defenstrice calcitrabitur, adversarii extra aream poenalem manere debent et lusor iaciens follem tangere non poterit antequam alius lusor eum tetigerit. ==== Lex septimam decimam: De iactu angulari ==== [[Iactus angularis]] modus ad lusum redendi est postquam follis per lineam metae e campo exierit si lusor qui ultimus follem tetigerit defensor istius portae fuerit et nisi porta expugnata erit. Iactus angularis ex angulo folle in solo quieto a turma oppugnatrice calcitrabitur sicut iactus liber directus et lusor iaciens follem tangere non poterit antequam alius lusor eum tetigerit. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} *[[Apopudobalia]] *[[David Beckham]] * [[Calceus gymnicus]] *[[Fabius Cannavaro]] * [[Foedus Summorum Athletarum UEFA]] *[[Certamen Europaeum Pediludii 2008|UEFA Certamen Europaeum Pediludii 2008]] *[[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2014)]] *[[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2018)]] *[[FIFA]] *[[Vicipaedia:Glossarium pedilusorium|Glossarium pedilusorium]] *[[Instantia (pediludium)]] *[[Kaká]] *[[Iacobus Kuhn]] *[[Bernardus Romeo]] *[[Ronaldinulus]] *[[Andreas Ševčenko]] *[[UEFA]] {{div col end}} == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Bott, Dieter, Marvin Chlada, et Gerd Dembowski. [[1998]]. ''Ball und Birne: Zur Kritik der herrschenden Fußballkultur.'' Hamburgi: VSA. ISBN 3-87975-711-9. * Bredekamp, Horst. [[2006]]. ''Florentiner Fußball: Die Renaissance der Spiele.'' Ed. nova. Berolini: Wagenbach. ISBN 3-8031-2397-6. * Brändle, Fabian, et Christian Koller. [[2002]]. ''Goooal!!! Kultur- und Sozialgeschichte des modernen Fußballs.'' Zurich: Verlag orell füssli. ISBN 3-280-02815-9. * Bündnis Aktiver Fußballfans BAFF, ed. [[2004]]. ''Ballbesitz ist Diebstahl.'' Göttingen: Verlag die Werkstatt. ISBN 3-89533-430-8. * García, Ildefonso. [[1998]]. ''El fútbol.'' Matriti: Acento Editorial. ISBN 84-483-0337-7. * Goldblatt, David. [[2006]]. ''The Ball Is Round.'' Londinii: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-91480-7. * Herzog, Markwart, ed. [[2002]]. ''Fußball als Kulturphänomen.'' Stuttgartiae: Kohlhammer. ISBN 3-17-017372-3. * Hortleder, Gerd, ed. [[1974]]. ''Die Faszination des Fußballspiels.'' Francofurti: Verlag Suhrkamp. ISBN 3-518-36670-X. * Huba, Karl-Heinz, ed. [[2000]]. ''Fußball-Weltgeschichte 1846 bis heute.'' Monaci: Verlag Copress Sport. ISBN 3-7679-0230-3. * Koller, Hermann. [[1976]]–. ''[[Orbis Pictus Latinus]],'' s.v. "Pediludium." * Nieto, Miguel Ángel. [[1996]]. ''Negocio redondo.'' Matriti: Ediciones Temas de Hoy. Praemium Don Balón 1996. * Perryman, Mark. [[1997]]. ''La filosofía del fútbol.'' Barcinonae: Edhasa. ISBN 84-350-6501-4. * Ramos Marco, Joaquín, et Luís Peña Téllez. [[2001]]. ''La ley del fútbol: El árbitro en casa.'' Matriti: La Esfera de los libros. ISBN 84-9734-013-2. * Relaño, Alfredo. [[2001]]. ''El fútbol contado con sencillez.'' Matriti: Maeva Ediciones. ISBN 84-95354-40-3. * Santander, Carlos F. [[1997]]. ''A bote pronto.'' Matriti: Ediciones Temas de Hoy. ISBN 84-7880-720-9. Premio Don Balón. * Seddon, Peter J. [[1999]]. ''A Football Compendium.'' Wetherby, West Yorkshire: The British Library. ISBN 978-0-7123-1118-2. * Sicarim, Giuseppe, et Alexia Giusti, eds. [[2004]]. ''Enciclopedia del calcio mondiale.'' Mediolani: SEP Editrice. * Thibert, Jacques, et Jean-Philippe Rethacker. [[1974]], [[1993]]. ''La fabuleuse histoire du football.'' 2 vol. Lutetiae: ODIL. ISBN 978-2-7324-2052-3 et ISBN 978-2-7324-2053-0. * Toro, Carlos. [[1996]]. ''Caldera de pasiones.'' Matriti: Ediciones Temas de Hoy. ISBN 84-7880-614-8. Premio Don Balón 1996. * Valdano, Jorge. [[2001]]. ''Apuntes del balón.'' Matriti: La Esfera de los libros. ISBN 84-9734-006-X. * Wahl, Alfred Wahl. [[1989]]. ''Les archives du football: Sport et société en France (1880-1980).'' Lutetiae: Gallimard. ISBN 978-2-07-071603-6. * Walter, Eric. [[1974]]. ''Goal! Le football, langage universel.'' Lausannae: La Cité-L'age d'homme. * Williams, Graham. [[1994]]. ''The Code War: English Football under the Historical Spotlight.'' Harefield, Middlesex: Yore. ISBN|978-1-874427-65-0. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Association football|pediludium}} * [http://www.fifa.com/ Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA),] apud www.fifa.com * [http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame.html The Current Laws of the Game (LOTG),] apud www.fifa.com * [http://www.rsssf.com/ The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation,] apud www.rsssf.com * [http://archive.is/20121209173616/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ejd2oylAI4EJ:www.lehrer-online.de/dyn/bin/533673-533675-1-fussball_latein_glossar.rtf+societas+inscripta&hl=de&ct=clnk&cd=4&gl=de&client=firefox-a Glossarium Germano-Latinum de pediludio] * [https://www.elperiodico.com/es/barca/20190118/barca-latin-twitter-barcinops-guillem-cintas-7251581 Cómo convertir cada partido en un Clásico] [[Categoria:Artes athleticae in Anglia ortae]] [[Categoria:Pediludium| ]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Anthropologia}} o8nrgzz22yr46vadgk2aeq987k1m996 0 8177 3700157 3526362 2022-08-27T22:18:51Z 93.45.72.8 wikitext text/x-wiki {| id="toc" style="margin-left: 1em; float:right; width: 25em;" |+ style="font-size:larger;" | '''Deimus''' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background: #000000;"| [[Fasciculus:deimos-viking1.jpg|none|250px|Deimus]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"| Deimi imago sicut a navi ''Viking 1'' visa. |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Patefactio |- | '''Inventa a''' | Asaph Hall |- | '''Inventa''' | [[pridie Idus Sextilis]] [[1877]] |- ! colspan="2" style="background: #ffc0c0; text-align:center;" | Proprietates orbitales |- |'''[[Axis semimaior]]''' | 23.460 [[chiliometrum|km]] |- | '''[[Eccentricitas]]''' | 0.0002 |- | '''Revolutionis periodus''' | 1.262 d |- | Velocitas orbitalis media | 0.22 km/s |- | '''Inclinatio''' | 0.93° (ad Martis circulum aequinoctialem)<br />1,793° (ad Laplacianum planum)<br/>27.58° (ad eclipticam) |- | '''Satelles''' | [[Mars|Martis]] |- ! colspan="2" style="background: #ffc0c0; text-align:center;" | Proprietates physicae |- | '''Diametrus media''' | 12.6 km (15.0×12×10.4) |- | '''[[Massa]]''' | 2.244×10¹⁵ [[chiliogramma|kg]] |- | '''Densitas media''' | 2.2 g/cm³ |- | '''Gravitas superficiei''' | 0,0039 [[Acceleratio|m/s&sup2;]] (3.9 mm/s²) |- | '''Gravitas superficiei'''<br/> (Terra = 1) | 0.00040 (400 µg) |- | '''[[Velocitas]] fugae''' | 0,0069 km/s (6.9 m/s) |- | '''Rotationis periodus''' | alligata ad revolutionem orbitalem |- | '''[[Albedo]]''' | 0.07 |- | '''[[Temperatura|temp.]] superficiei''' | ~313 [[kelvin|K]] |- | '''[[Atmosphaerae pondus]]''' | atmosphaera nulla |} '''Dīmus''', Graece '''Δείμος''' ''Deímos'', est exterior planetae [[Mars (planeta)|Martis]] [[satelles]]. Ea, sicut [[Phobos (satelles)|Phobus]], [[asteroides]] olim fuisse et a [[Mars (deus)|Marte]] capta esse putatur. Deimus apud [[Homerus|Homerum]] est auriga Martis [[deus|dei]], qui cum [[Phobus|Phobo]] Martis filio deum comitatur. ==Notae== <references/> {{Systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Satellites Martis]] [[Categoria:Corpora astronomica speculatris visitata]] {{Myrias|Physica}} kolg2ejucxpn73v5w2xgcxnk83pss3t 3700158 3700157 2022-08-27T22:21:42Z 93.45.72.8 wikitext text/x-wiki {| id="toc" style="margin-left: 1em; float:right; width: 25em;" |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background: #000000;"| [[Fasciculus:Deimos-viking1.jpg|alt=Dimus|254x254px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"| Dimi imago sicut a navi ''Viking 1'' visa. |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Patefactio |- | '''Inventa a''' | Asaph Hall |- | '''Inventa''' | [[pridie Idus Sextilis]] [[1877]] |- ! colspan="2" style="background: #ffc0c0; text-align:center;" | Proprietates orbitales |- |'''[[Axis semimaior]]''' | 23.460 [[chiliometrum|km]] |- | '''[[Eccentricitas]]''' | 0.0002 |- | '''Revolutionis periodus''' | 1.262 d |- | Velocitas orbitalis media | 0.22 km/s |- | '''Inclinatio''' | 0.93° (ad Martis circulum aequinoctialem)<br />1,793° (ad Laplacianum planum)<br/>27.58° (ad eclipticam) |- | '''Satelles''' | [[Mars|Martis]] |- ! colspan="2" style="background: #ffc0c0; text-align:center;" | Proprietates physicae |- | '''Diametrus media''' | 12.6 km (15.0×12×10.4) |- | '''[[Massa]]''' | 2.244×10¹⁵ [[chiliogramma|kg]] |- | '''Densitas media''' | 2.2 g/cm³ |- | '''Gravitas superficiei''' | 0,0039 [[Acceleratio|m/s&sup2;]] (3.9 mm/s²) |- | '''Gravitas superficiei'''<br/> (Terra = 1) | 0.00040 (400 µg) |- | '''[[Velocitas]] fugae''' | 0,0069 km/s (6.9 m/s) |- | '''Rotationis periodus''' | alligata ad revolutionem orbitalem |- | '''[[Albedo]]''' | 0.07 |- | '''[[Temperatura|temp.]] superficiei''' | ~313 [[kelvin|K]] |- | '''[[Atmosphaerae pondus]]''' | atmosphaera nulla |} '''Dimus''' vel '''Dimos''', Graece '''Δείμος''' ''Deímos'', est exterior planetae [[Mars (planeta)|Martis]] [[satelles]]. Ea, sicut [[Phobos (satelles)|Phobus]], [[asteroides]] olim fuisse et a [[Mars (deus)|Marte]] capta esse putatur. Deimus apud [[Homerus|Homerum]] est auriga Martis [[deus|dei]], qui cum [[Phobus|Phobo]] Martis filio deum comitatur. ==Notae== <references/> {{Systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Satellites Martis]] [[Categoria:Corpora astronomica speculatris visitata]] {{Myrias|Physica}} nquqdyc2lwoogktkdvd8axnm8zkvx63 3700159 3700158 2022-08-27T22:24:50Z 93.45.72.8 wikitext text/x-wiki {| id="toc" style="margin-left: 1em; float:right; width: 25em;" |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background: #000000;"| [[Fasciculus:Deimos-viking1.jpg|alt=Dimus|254x254px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"| Dimi imago sicut a navi ''Viking 1'' visa. |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Patefactio |- | '''Inventa a''' | Asaph Hall |- | '''Inventa''' | [[pridie Idus Sextilis]] [[1877]] |- ! colspan="2" style="background: #ffc0c0; text-align:center;" | Proprietates orbitales |- |'''[[Axis semimaior]]''' | 23.460 [[chiliometrum|km]] |- | '''[[Eccentricitas]]''' | 0.0002 |- | '''Revolutionis periodus''' | 1.262 d |- | Velocitas orbitalis media | 0.22 km/s |- | '''Inclinatio''' | 0.93° (ad Martis circulum aequinoctialem)<br />1,793° (ad Laplacianum planum)<br/>27.58° (ad eclipticam) |- | '''Satelles''' | [[Mars|Martis]] |- ! colspan="2" style="background: #ffc0c0; text-align:center;" | Proprietates physicae |- | '''Diametrus media''' | 12.6 km (15.0×12×10.4) |- | '''[[Massa]]''' | 2.244×10¹⁵ [[chiliogramma|kg]] |- | '''Densitas media''' | 2.2 g/cm³ |- | '''Gravitas superficiei''' | 0,0039 [[Acceleratio|m/s&sup2;]] (3.9 mm/s²) |- | '''Gravitas superficiei'''<br/> (Terra = 1) | 0.00040 (400 µg) |- | '''[[Velocitas]] fugae''' | 0,0069 km/s (6.9 m/s) |- | '''Rotationis periodus''' | alligata ad revolutionem orbitalem |- | '''[[Albedo]]''' | 0.07 |- | '''[[Temperatura|temp.]] superficiei''' | ~313 [[kelvin|K]] |- | '''[[Atmosphaerae pondus]]''' | atmosphaera nulla |} '''Dimus''' vel '''Dimos''', Graece '''Δείμος''' ''Deímos'', est exterior planetae [[Mars (planeta)|Martis]] [[satelles]]. Ea, sicut [[Phobos (satelles)|Phobus]], [[asteroides]] olim fuisse et a [[Mars (deus)|Marte]] capta esse putatur. Dimus apud [[Homerus|Homerum]] est auriga Martis [[deus|dei]], qui cum [[Phobus|Phobo]] Martis filio deum comitatur. ==Notae== <references/> {{Systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Satellites Martis]] [[Categoria:Corpora astronomica speculatris visitata]] {{Myrias|Physica}} kg4eytk6m8qcbx9ve2d9jlm9u42niw4 3700197 3700159 2022-08-28T08:59:07Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Recensiones a conlatore [[Special:Contributions/93.45.72.8|93.45.72.8]] ([[User talk:93.45.72.8|Disputatio]]) factas in superiorem redactionem a conlatore [[User:LilyKitty|LilyKitty]] factam restitui wikitext text/x-wiki {| id="toc" style="margin-left: 1em; float:right; width: 25em;" |+ style="font-size:larger;" | '''Deimus''' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background: #000000;"| [[Fasciculus:deimos-viking1.jpg|none|250px|Deimus]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"| Deimi imago sicut a navi ''Viking 1'' visa. |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Patefactio |- | '''Inventa a''' | Asaph Hall |- | '''Inventa''' | [[pridie Idus Sextilis]] [[1877]] |- ! colspan="2" style="background: #ffc0c0; text-align:center;" | Proprietates orbitales |- |'''[[Axis semimaior]]''' | 23.460 [[chiliometrum|km]] |- | '''[[Eccentricitas]]''' | 0.0002 |- | '''Revolutionis periodus''' | 1.262 d |- | Velocitas orbitalis media | 0.22 km/s |- | '''Inclinatio''' | 0.93° (ad Martis circulum aequinoctialem)<br />1,793° (ad Laplacianum planum)<br/>27.58° (ad eclipticam) |- | '''Satelles''' | [[Mars|Martis]] |- ! colspan="2" style="background: #ffc0c0; text-align:center;" | Proprietates physicae |- | '''Diametrus media''' | 12.6 km (15.0×12×10.4) |- | '''[[Massa]]''' | 2.244×10¹⁵ [[chiliogramma|kg]] |- | '''Densitas media''' | 2.2 g/cm³ |- | '''Gravitas superficiei''' | 0,0039 [[Acceleratio|m/s&sup2;]] (3.9 mm/s²) |- | '''Gravitas superficiei'''<br/> (Terra = 1) | 0.00040 (400 µg) |- | '''[[Velocitas]] fugae''' | 0,0069 km/s (6.9 m/s) |- | '''Rotationis periodus''' | alligata ad revolutionem orbitalem |- | '''[[Albedo]]''' | 0.07 |- | '''[[Temperatura|temp.]] superficiei''' | ~313 [[kelvin|K]] |- | '''[[Atmosphaerae pondus]]''' | atmosphaera nulla |} '''Deimus'''<ref>Hall, A.; [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/AN.../0092//0000031.000.html ''Names of the Satellites of Mars''], Astronomische Nachrichten, Vol. 92, No. 2187 ([[1878-03-14]], signed [[1878-02-07]]), p. 47–48.</ref> (loquere: ''di:mus'') est exterior planetae [[Mars (planeta)|Martis]] [[satelles]]. Ea, sicut [[Phobos (satelles)|Phobus]], [[asteroides]] olim fuisse et a [[Mars (deus)|Marte]] capta esse putatur. Deimus apud [[Homerus|Homerum]] est auriga Martis [[deus|dei]], qui cum [[Phobus|Phobo]] Martis filio deum comitatur. ==Notae== <references/> {{Systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Satellites Martis]] [[Categoria:Corpora astronomica speculatris visitata]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 900to2z2p15e6krtgbx5z4u9an4glr0 0 10457 3700153 3699644 2022-08-27T21:30:50Z 31.221.160.188 /* Areae protectae */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{L-1}} {{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Guinea bissau sm03.png|thumbnail|Tabula Guineae Bissaviensis]] '''Guinea Bissaviensis'''<ref>"Guinea Bissaviensis": ''[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/GW.htm Giga-Catholic]''</ref> seu '''Guinea-Bissavia'''<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/sinodo/documents/bollettino_25_xiii-ordinaria-2012/xx_plurilingue/b01_xx.html Bollettino Synodus Episcoporum]</ref> ([[Lusice]] ''Guiné-Bissau'', [[Fulice]] 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 ''Gine-Bisaawo'', [[Lingua Mandinga|Mandingice]] ߖߌߣߍ ߺ ߓߌߛߊߥߏ߫ ''Gine-Bisawo''), rite ''Res publica Guineae Bissaviensis'' ([[Lusice]] ''República da Guiné-Bissau''), est civitas in [[Africa Occidentalis|Africā Occidentali]], inter minimas huius continentis. Finitima est [[Senegalia]]e Septentrione, [[Guinea]]e Meridiē Orienteque et [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] Occidente. Ante caput, [[Bissavia]]m<ref>"Bissavia, (-ae, ''f'')": a Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo, [http://www.lateinlexikon.com ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum vel Vocabularium Latinitatis Huius Aetatis,''] apud www.lateinlexikon.com.</ref> ([[Lusice]] ''Bissau''), situs est [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis]], centenariis insularum dissimilium magnitudinum compositus, quarum multae incolis orbatae sunt. Olim [[Portugallia]]e [[colonia]] cum nomine "[[Guinea Lusitanica|Guineae Lusitanicae]] ([[Lusice]] ''Guiné Portuguesa''). Guinea Bissaviensis suam independentiam die [[24 Septembris]] anni [[1973]] proclamavit et, postea, agnita est internationaliter die [[10 Septembris]] anni [[1974]]. Primigenio nomini additum est id capitis, Bissaviae, ad evitandam confusionem cum [[Guinea|Guineā]], priore [[Francia|Francicā]] coloniā. Lingua sollemnis Guineae Bissaviensis est [[Lingua Lusitana|sermo Lusitanus]]. == Historia == Praesens Guineae Bissaviae territorium [[Regnum Gabuense|Regno Gambuensi]]<ref name="Gabu">Confer binomen "Ctenolepisma gabuensis".</ref> olim congruebat, quod vicissim erat pars [[Regnum Melli|Regni Melli]]; ultima huius regni residua usque ad [[saeculum 18|saeculum XVIII]] superfuere. Quamquam litora et fluminum ripae primae terrae fuerunt in quibus [[Lusitania|Lusitani]] colonias deduxere et quibus Lusitani fructi sunt ad adipiscendos [[servus|servos]] [[Arabes|Arabibus]] e mercatoribus e [[saeculum 17|saeculo XVII]], interiores zonae usque ad [[saeculum 19|saeculum XIX]] inexploratae manserunt. Ergo, Guinea Bissaviensis fuit a [[saeculum|saeculo]] [[saeculum 15|XV]], accurate ab anno 1446 usque ad annum [[1974]], [[colonia]] [[Lusitania]]e. [[Fasciculus:Hastear da bandeira da Guiné Bissau após o arrear da de Portugal.jpg|thumb|left|Factionis [[PAIGC]] milites Guineae Bissaviae vexillum anno 1974 submittunt.]] Guinea Bissavia pugnam suā pro independentiā anno [[1956]] inchoavit, cum [[Factio Afra pro Independentia Guineae et Capitis Viridis|Factio Afra pro Independentiā Guineae et Capitis Viridis]] (Lusice ''Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde'' seu ''PAIGC''), armatam post rebellionem, suos locos hac in natione consolidare assecuta est. Anticolonialisticorum motuum aliis in coloniis Lusitanicis eventorum dispar, factio PAIGC suum militare dominium amplas in huius nationis zonas cito diffundere assecuta est: quod possibile fuit propter horum territoriorum naturam, [[iungala|iungalā]] fere omnino tectorum, non minus quam propter magnam armorum quantitatem quae et [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinae]] et [[Unio Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum|URPSS]] et aliae [[Africa|Africae]] nationes ei praebuerut. Haec factio denique vi antiaëreā sibi instruere assecuta est. Anno [[1973]], paene tota Guinea Bissaviensis in factionis PAIGC manūs devenerat. Die [[24 Septembris]] [[1973]] suam [[independentia]]m unilateraliter declaravit et eodem anno a [[Conventus generalis (Nationes Unitae)|Conventū generali Nationum Unitarum]] agnita est.<ref>Ods Home Page archivatum, die 9 Ianuarii anni 2006 in [[Internet Archive]].</ref> [[Portugallia]] Guineae Bissaviensis independentiae agnosceret, [[Interceptio regiminis|re novatā]] quae perfecta est Lusitanicis cum [[res novae dianthorum|Rebus novis dianthorum]] (Lusice ''Revolução dos Cravos''). [[Fasciculus:Bissau_-_Abandoned_tank.JPG|thumb|left|[[Autocurrus armatus]] [[T-54/T-55]] relictus, bello civili (inter annos 1998 et 1999) confecto.]] Guinea Bissavia, deinde, a consilio seditionario usque ad [[1984]] recta est. Anno [[1994]], habita sunt prima [[Systema polycommaticum|polycommatica]] [[comitia]]. Anno [[1998]], exercitūs rebellio ad praesidis Vieira collapsum induxit: quamobrem, Guinea Bissaviensis se praecipitavit in [[bellum civile]]. Anno [[2000]], [[Kumba Ialá]] praeses electus est. Septembre anni [[2003]], nihilominus, novum [[praxicopema]] in Kumbae Ialá custodiam a militaribus factam induxit, qui "ineptus resolvendis nationis problematibus" definitus est. Nonnullas post postpositiones, comitia legisfera denique habita sunt Martio anni [[2004]]. Exercitūs turbatio Octobre eiusdem anni ad mortem ipsius ducis virium armatarum induxit, quod ad incrementum agitationis in natione contribuit. Iunio anni [[2005]], habita sunt nova comitia praesidialia, prima post Kumbae Ialá collapsionem, qui denuo sese candidatus factionis PRS obtulit, se legitimum nationis praesidem esse asserens. Sed vicit candidatus factionis PAIGC, [[Ioannes Bernardus Vieira]], praeses anno [[1998]] destitutus. Vieira candidatum [[Malam Bacai Sanhá]] superavit post [[suffragium decretorium]]: initio, Sanhá suam cladem recusavit, comitiali de fraude in circumscriptionibus duabus (apud quas caput Bissavia) accusans. Nihilominus, non obstantibus aliquo influxūs virium armatarum hebdomadibus ante comitia et quibusdam "tumultibus" (apud quos impetūs contra aedes praesidiales et Ministerium administrationis internae nonnullis ab armatis haud identificatis facti sunt), Europaei observatores ultima Guineae Bissaviensis comitia "tranquilla et bene instructa" definiverunt.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4723627.stm BBC NEWS | Africa | Army man wins G Bissau election] (Anglice).</ref> [[2 Martii|Postridie Kalendas Martias]], Praeaes Vieira interfectus est scelesto facinore quod milites [[cohors praetoria|cohortis praetoriae]] duci, [[Baptista Tagme Na Waie|Baptistae Tagme Na Waie]], fideles commiserunt, qui antea interfectus erat scelesto facinore per [[bomba|pyrobolum]].<ref>''[https://www.repubblica.it/2009/03/sezioni/esteri/guinea-bissau/guinea-bissau/guinea-bissau.html Colpo di Stato in Guinea Bissau, ucciso il presidente Vieira]]'' (Italice), in ''repubblica.it''. URL inspectum postridie Kalendas Martias anni 2009.</ref> [[1 Aprilis|Kalendis Aprilibus]] anni [[2010]], [[primus minister]] Gomes Jr. a militaribus in custodiam comprehensus est. Dux cohortis praetoriae virium armatarum Indjai ei morte minatus est si eius fautorum protestationes, qui in viam exeunt statim nuntio cognito, confestim non desinerent.<ref>[https://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/mondo/2010/04/01/visualizza_new.html_1758822409.html Ansa.it Guinea Bissau, militari arrestano premier] (Italice).</ref> Novus praeses, [[Malam Bacai Sanhá]], in munere ex Iulio anni [[2009]], [[Lutetia]]e die [[9 Ianuarii]] anni [[2012]] mortuus est.<ref>''[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/177799/politique/guin-e-bissau-mort-paris-du-pr-sident-malam-bacai-sanh/ Guinée-Bissau : mort à Paris du président Malam Bacai]]'' (Francice), in ''jeuneafrique.com''.</ref> [[13 Aprilis|Idibus Aprilibus]] anni [[2012]], accidit [[praxicopema]] a militaribus factum, sed Februario anni [[2022]] hoc praxicopema ad irritum cecidit.<ref>''[https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2022-02/quo-026/fallito-un-colpo-di-stato-nella-guinea-bissau.html Fallito un colpo di Stato nella Guinea Bissau]'' (Italice), in ''osservatoreromano.va''.</ref><ref>''[https://www.vaticannews.va/it/mondo/news/2022-02/guinea-bissau-golpe-mandanti.html Guinea Bissau, i dubbi su di un golpe che ancora non ha mandanti]'' (Italice), in ''vaticannews.va''.</ref> == Geographia == [[Fasciculus:Lagoa_com_hipopótamos_01.jpg|thumb|230px|Rari [[aqua salsa|aquae salsae]] [[Hippopotamus|hippopotami]] in insulā [[Orango]]ne]]. [[Fasciculus:CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Caravela]], apud [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Insulas Bissagosenses]].]] [[Fasciculus:20130611-DSC 9018 (9290631541) (2).jpg|thumb|230px|Typicus aspectus in Guineā Bissaviā.]] Guinea Bissaviensis contermina est Septemtrione [[Senegalia]]e et [[Guinea]]e Meridiē Orienteque<ref name="WorldAtlas">[https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/guinea-bissau "Guinea-Bissau Maps & Facts"] (Anglice). ''WorldAtlas''. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> et [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] Occidente.<ref name="WorldAtlas"></ref> Iacet plerumque inter [[Latitudo geographica|latitudines]] 11º et 13º [[Septentrio]]nis (parvā cum areā Meridiē meridiani 11º) et inter [[Longitudo geographica|longitudines]] 11º et 15º [[Occidens|Occidentis]].<ref>[https://www.geodatos.net/en/coordinates/guinea-bissau "Coordinates of Guinea-Bissau"] (Anglice) apud ''GeoDatos''. 2021. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2021.</ref> 36 125 chiliometra quadrata seu 13 948 milia passuum quadratorun ampla,<ref name="WorldAtlas"></ref> haec natio maior quam [[Taivania]] aut [[Belgica]] est. Altissimus locus [[Mons Torin]] ([[Lusice]] ''Monte Torin'') est, 262 metra seu 860 pedes altus. Cuius solum plerumque consistit demissis e litoralibus planitiebus cum [[Palus silvestris|paludibus]] [[mangrovia]]rum ascendentibus usque ad diversitatem [[silva]]rum et [[savana]]rum in Oriente.<ref name="CIA">"Guinea-Bissau" (Anglice). [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pu.html Archivatum] die [[28 Decembris]] anni 2010 in [[Wayback Machine]], Liber Factorum Mundanorum [[CIA]] ''Cia.gov''. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> Cuius simile [[hippalus|hippalo]] [[tempus pluviosum]] vices alternat cum periodis perfervidorum, siccorum [[harmattan]]is [[ventus|ventorum]] e [[Sahara|Saharā]] flantium. [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Archipelagus Bissagosense]]<ref name="Bissagosensis">Confer binomen "Odostomia bissagosensis".</ref> extra [[Africa|continentem]] iacet.<ref>Nossiter, Adami (Adam) ([[4 Novembris|pridie Nonas Novembres]] anni 2009) [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/08/travel/08Bijagos.html?_r=0&pagewanted=all "Bijagós, a Tranquil Haven in a Troubled Land"] (Anglice), ''[[The New York Times]]'', die [[8 Novembris]] anni [[2009]].</ref> Haec natio domus est [[oecoregio]]nibus duabus: [[diversitas silvae et savanae Guineensium|diversitati silvae et savanae Guineensium]] et [[mangroviae Guineenses|mangroviis Guineensibus]].<ref>Dinerstein, Erici (Eric) et al. (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287/ "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"] (Anglice). ''BioScience''. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.</ref> ===Clima=== Guinea Bissavia calida totum per annum est levibus cum temperaturae fluctuationibus; cuius quantitas media 26,3 ºC seu 79,3 ºF est. Media pluviae quantitas in Guineā Bissaviensi 2 024 millimetrorum seu 79,7 [[Uncia (mensura longitudinis)|unciarum]] est, quamquam paene tota computatur per [[tempus pluviosum]], durans inter Iunium et Septembrem aut Octobrem. E Decembre usque ad Aprilem, haec natio [[ariditas|ariditatem]] patitur.<ref>[https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Guinea-Bissau-CLIMATE.html#b Guinea-Bissau Climate] (Anglice). ''Nationsencyclopedia.com''. Inspectum die [[25 Augusti]] anni 2022.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Bissaviae diagramma.jpg||center|500px|Climaticum Bissaviae diagramma.]] ===Oecologica problemata=== Gravia apud oecologica problemata sunt [[desilvatio]], [[erosio soli]]<ref name="Theodisco">[http://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum.pdf Lexicon Latinum hodiernum scilicet Theodisco-Latinum].</ref> [[hyperboscesis|hyperboscēsis]]<ref>Confer [[lingua Neograeca|Neograecum]] vocabulum υπερβόσκηση.</ref> et [[hyperalieusis]].<ref name="CIA"></ref> Guinea Bissaviensis mediam computationem 5,7/10 punctorum in [[Index de Integritate Amoenitatis Silvestris|Indice de Integritate Amoenitatis Silvestris]] (Anglice: ''Forest Landscape Integrity Index'', siglis ''FLII'') habebat, in loco 97 apud nationes 172 universe sita.<ref>Grantham, H. S. et al. (2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057/ "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material"] (Anglice). ''Nature Communications''. '''11''' (1): 5978. </ref> ===Areae protectae=== Multigenas apud Guineae Bissaviae areas protectas excellit [[Reservatum Biosphaerae]] [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Archipelagi Bissagosensis]], ab [[Unesco]]ne anno [[1996]] discriptum.<ref name="Justino">Iustini (Justino) Biai; et al. (2015). [http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/gbs157139.pdf «Guinea-Bissau: Strategy and National Action Plan for the Biodiversity»] (PDF) (Anglice). [[Institutum alimoniae et agriculturae provehendae]] (siglis FAO). Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> ==Civilitas== Guinea Bissaviensis [[res publica]] est.<ref name="USDS">[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/guineabissau/31802.htm Guinea Bissau (09/03)] (Anglice). ''[[Ministerium Rerum Externarum Civitatum Foederatarum]]''. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> Olim, gubernium valde centralizatum fuerat. [[Systema polycommaticum|Polycommaticum]] regimen non institutum est usque ad medium annum [[1991]].<ref name="USDS"" /> [[Prraeses]] [[dux civitatis]] et [[primus minister]] [[dux rectionis]] est. Ex anno [[1974]], nullus praeses quinquennale munus prospere complevit, usque nuper, cum [[Iosephus Marius Vaz]] suum quinquennale munus die [[24 Iunii]] anni [[2019]] finivisset.<ref> Tasamba, Iacobi (James) (die 29 Novembris anni 2019). [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/guinea-bissaus-leader-concedes-election-defeat/1658683 "Guinea-Bissau's leader concedes election defeat"] (Anglice). ''[[Anadolu Agency]]''. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Guiné-Bissau|Guineam Bissaviensem}} * [http://www.abenaa.de/guineabissau.htm Narrationes peregrinationum atque imagines] * [https://www.ensp.unl.pt/luis.graca/guine_guerracolonial10_mapageral.html Tabula geographica Guineae Portugallensis 1:500 000] {{natio-stipula}} {{Africa}} {{Capsae collectae|Guinea Bissaviensis|politica|{{Praesides Guineae Bissaviensis}}{{Primi ministri Guineae Bissaviensis}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Guineae Bissaviensis}}}} {{Capsae collectae|Guinea Bissaviensis|historica|{{PALOP}}}} [[Categoria:Guinea Bissaviensis|!]] [[Categoria:Condita 1975]] [[Categoria:Respublicae]] [[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]] {{Myrias|Geographia}} 9ch3pnmiw2ze7u2vdpes3a8ip4l0v1c 3700155 3700153 2022-08-27T22:06:12Z 31.221.160.188 /* Civilitas */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{L-1}} {{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Guinea bissau sm03.png|thumbnail|Tabula Guineae Bissaviensis]] '''Guinea Bissaviensis'''<ref>"Guinea Bissaviensis": ''[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/GW.htm Giga-Catholic]''</ref> seu '''Guinea-Bissavia'''<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/sinodo/documents/bollettino_25_xiii-ordinaria-2012/xx_plurilingue/b01_xx.html Bollettino Synodus Episcoporum]</ref> ([[Lusice]] ''Guiné-Bissau'', [[Fulice]] 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 ''Gine-Bisaawo'', [[Lingua Mandinga|Mandingice]] ߖߌߣߍ ߺ ߓߌߛߊߥߏ߫ ''Gine-Bisawo''), rite ''Res publica Guineae Bissaviensis'' ([[Lusice]] ''República da Guiné-Bissau''), est civitas in [[Africa Occidentalis|Africā Occidentali]], inter minimas huius continentis. Finitima est [[Senegalia]]e Septentrione, [[Guinea]]e Meridiē Orienteque et [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] Occidente. Ante caput, [[Bissavia]]m<ref>"Bissavia, (-ae, ''f'')": a Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo, [http://www.lateinlexikon.com ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum vel Vocabularium Latinitatis Huius Aetatis,''] apud www.lateinlexikon.com.</ref> ([[Lusice]] ''Bissau''), situs est [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis]], centenariis insularum dissimilium magnitudinum compositus, quarum multae incolis orbatae sunt. Olim [[Portugallia]]e [[colonia]] cum nomine "[[Guinea Lusitanica|Guineae Lusitanicae]] ([[Lusice]] ''Guiné Portuguesa''). Guinea Bissaviensis suam independentiam die [[24 Septembris]] anni [[1973]] proclamavit et, postea, agnita est internationaliter die [[10 Septembris]] anni [[1974]]. Primigenio nomini additum est id capitis, Bissaviae, ad evitandam confusionem cum [[Guinea|Guineā]], priore [[Francia|Francicā]] coloniā. Lingua sollemnis Guineae Bissaviensis est [[Lingua Lusitana|sermo Lusitanus]]. == Historia == Praesens Guineae Bissaviae territorium [[Regnum Gabuense|Regno Gambuensi]]<ref name="Gabu">Confer binomen "Ctenolepisma gabuensis".</ref> olim congruebat, quod vicissim erat pars [[Regnum Melli|Regni Melli]]; ultima huius regni residua usque ad [[saeculum 18|saeculum XVIII]] superfuere. Quamquam litora et fluminum ripae primae terrae fuerunt in quibus [[Lusitania|Lusitani]] colonias deduxere et quibus Lusitani fructi sunt ad adipiscendos [[servus|servos]] [[Arabes|Arabibus]] e mercatoribus e [[saeculum 17|saeculo XVII]], interiores zonae usque ad [[saeculum 19|saeculum XIX]] inexploratae manserunt. Ergo, Guinea Bissaviensis fuit a [[saeculum|saeculo]] [[saeculum 15|XV]], accurate ab anno 1446 usque ad annum [[1974]], [[colonia]] [[Lusitania]]e. [[Fasciculus:Hastear da bandeira da Guiné Bissau após o arrear da de Portugal.jpg|thumb|left|Factionis [[PAIGC]] milites Guineae Bissaviae vexillum anno 1974 submittunt.]] Guinea Bissavia pugnam suā pro independentiā anno [[1956]] inchoavit, cum [[Factio Afra pro Independentia Guineae et Capitis Viridis|Factio Afra pro Independentiā Guineae et Capitis Viridis]] (Lusice ''Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde'' seu ''PAIGC''), armatam post rebellionem, suos locos hac in natione consolidare assecuta est. Anticolonialisticorum motuum aliis in coloniis Lusitanicis eventorum dispar, factio PAIGC suum militare dominium amplas in huius nationis zonas cito diffundere assecuta est: quod possibile fuit propter horum territoriorum naturam, [[iungala|iungalā]] fere omnino tectorum, non minus quam propter magnam armorum quantitatem quae et [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinae]] et [[Unio Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum|URPSS]] et aliae [[Africa|Africae]] nationes ei praebuerut. Haec factio denique vi antiaëreā sibi instruere assecuta est. Anno [[1973]], paene tota Guinea Bissaviensis in factionis PAIGC manūs devenerat. Die [[24 Septembris]] [[1973]] suam [[independentia]]m unilateraliter declaravit et eodem anno a [[Conventus generalis (Nationes Unitae)|Conventū generali Nationum Unitarum]] agnita est.<ref>Ods Home Page archivatum, die 9 Ianuarii anni 2006 in [[Internet Archive]].</ref> [[Portugallia]] Guineae Bissaviensis independentiae agnosceret, [[Interceptio regiminis|re novatā]] quae perfecta est Lusitanicis cum [[res novae dianthorum|Rebus novis dianthorum]] (Lusice ''Revolução dos Cravos''). [[Fasciculus:Bissau_-_Abandoned_tank.JPG|thumb|left|[[Autocurrus armatus]] [[T-54/T-55]] relictus, bello civili (inter annos 1998 et 1999) confecto.]] Guinea Bissavia, deinde, a consilio seditionario usque ad [[1984]] recta est. Anno [[1994]], habita sunt prima [[Systema polycommaticum|polycommatica]] [[comitia]]. Anno [[1998]], exercitūs rebellio ad praesidis Vieira collapsum induxit: quamobrem, Guinea Bissaviensis se praecipitavit in [[bellum civile]]. Anno [[2000]], [[Kumba Ialá]] praeses electus est. Septembre anni [[2003]], nihilominus, novum [[praxicopema]] in Kumbae Ialá custodiam a militaribus factam induxit, qui "ineptus resolvendis nationis problematibus" definitus est. Nonnullas post postpositiones, comitia legisfera denique habita sunt Martio anni [[2004]]. Exercitūs turbatio Octobre eiusdem anni ad mortem ipsius ducis virium armatarum induxit, quod ad incrementum agitationis in natione contribuit. Iunio anni [[2005]], habita sunt nova comitia praesidialia, prima post Kumbae Ialá collapsionem, qui denuo sese candidatus factionis PRS obtulit, se legitimum nationis praesidem esse asserens. Sed vicit candidatus factionis PAIGC, [[Ioannes Bernardus Vieira]], praeses anno [[1998]] destitutus. Vieira candidatum [[Malam Bacai Sanhá]] superavit post [[suffragium decretorium]]: initio, Sanhá suam cladem recusavit, comitiali de fraude in circumscriptionibus duabus (apud quas caput Bissavia) accusans. Nihilominus, non obstantibus aliquo influxūs virium armatarum hebdomadibus ante comitia et quibusdam "tumultibus" (apud quos impetūs contra aedes praesidiales et Ministerium administrationis internae nonnullis ab armatis haud identificatis facti sunt), Europaei observatores ultima Guineae Bissaviensis comitia "tranquilla et bene instructa" definiverunt.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4723627.stm BBC NEWS | Africa | Army man wins G Bissau election] (Anglice).</ref> [[2 Martii|Postridie Kalendas Martias]], Praeaes Vieira interfectus est scelesto facinore quod milites [[cohors praetoria|cohortis praetoriae]] duci, [[Baptista Tagme Na Waie|Baptistae Tagme Na Waie]], fideles commiserunt, qui antea interfectus erat scelesto facinore per [[bomba|pyrobolum]].<ref>''[https://www.repubblica.it/2009/03/sezioni/esteri/guinea-bissau/guinea-bissau/guinea-bissau.html Colpo di Stato in Guinea Bissau, ucciso il presidente Vieira]]'' (Italice), in ''repubblica.it''. URL inspectum postridie Kalendas Martias anni 2009.</ref> [[1 Aprilis|Kalendis Aprilibus]] anni [[2010]], [[primus minister]] Gomes Jr. a militaribus in custodiam comprehensus est. Dux cohortis praetoriae virium armatarum Indjai ei morte minatus est si eius fautorum protestationes, qui in viam exeunt statim nuntio cognito, confestim non desinerent.<ref>[https://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/mondo/2010/04/01/visualizza_new.html_1758822409.html Ansa.it Guinea Bissau, militari arrestano premier] (Italice).</ref> Novus praeses, [[Malam Bacai Sanhá]], in munere ex Iulio anni [[2009]], [[Lutetia]]e die [[9 Ianuarii]] anni [[2012]] mortuus est.<ref>''[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/177799/politique/guin-e-bissau-mort-paris-du-pr-sident-malam-bacai-sanh/ Guinée-Bissau : mort à Paris du président Malam Bacai]]'' (Francice), in ''jeuneafrique.com''.</ref> [[13 Aprilis|Idibus Aprilibus]] anni [[2012]], accidit [[praxicopema]] a militaribus factum, sed Februario anni [[2022]] hoc praxicopema ad irritum cecidit.<ref>''[https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2022-02/quo-026/fallito-un-colpo-di-stato-nella-guinea-bissau.html Fallito un colpo di Stato nella Guinea Bissau]'' (Italice), in ''osservatoreromano.va''.</ref><ref>''[https://www.vaticannews.va/it/mondo/news/2022-02/guinea-bissau-golpe-mandanti.html Guinea Bissau, i dubbi su di un golpe che ancora non ha mandanti]'' (Italice), in ''vaticannews.va''.</ref> == Geographia == [[Fasciculus:Lagoa_com_hipopótamos_01.jpg|thumb|230px|Rari [[aqua salsa|aquae salsae]] [[Hippopotamus|hippopotami]] in insulā [[Orango]]ne]]. [[Fasciculus:CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Caravela]], apud [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Insulas Bissagosenses]].]] [[Fasciculus:20130611-DSC 9018 (9290631541) (2).jpg|thumb|230px|Typicus aspectus in Guineā Bissaviā.]] Guinea Bissaviensis contermina est Septemtrione [[Senegalia]]e et [[Guinea]]e Meridiē Orienteque<ref name="WorldAtlas">[https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/guinea-bissau "Guinea-Bissau Maps & Facts"] (Anglice). ''WorldAtlas''. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> et [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] Occidente.<ref name="WorldAtlas"></ref> Iacet plerumque inter [[Latitudo geographica|latitudines]] 11º et 13º [[Septentrio]]nis (parvā cum areā Meridiē meridiani 11º) et inter [[Longitudo geographica|longitudines]] 11º et 15º [[Occidens|Occidentis]].<ref>[https://www.geodatos.net/en/coordinates/guinea-bissau "Coordinates of Guinea-Bissau"] (Anglice) apud ''GeoDatos''. 2021. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2021.</ref> 36 125 chiliometra quadrata seu 13 948 milia passuum quadratorun ampla,<ref name="WorldAtlas"></ref> haec natio maior quam [[Taivania]] aut [[Belgica]] est. Altissimus locus [[Mons Torin]] ([[Lusice]] ''Monte Torin'') est, 262 metra seu 860 pedes altus. Cuius solum plerumque consistit demissis e litoralibus planitiebus cum [[Palus silvestris|paludibus]] [[mangrovia]]rum ascendentibus usque ad diversitatem [[silva]]rum et [[savana]]rum in Oriente.<ref name="CIA">"Guinea-Bissau" (Anglice). [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pu.html Archivatum] die [[28 Decembris]] anni 2010 in [[Wayback Machine]], Liber Factorum Mundanorum [[CIA]] ''Cia.gov''. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> Cuius simile [[hippalus|hippalo]] [[tempus pluviosum]] vices alternat cum periodis perfervidorum, siccorum [[harmattan]]is [[ventus|ventorum]] e [[Sahara|Saharā]] flantium. [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Archipelagus Bissagosense]]<ref name="Bissagosensis">Confer binomen "Odostomia bissagosensis".</ref> extra [[Africa|continentem]] iacet.<ref>Nossiter, Adami (Adam) ([[4 Novembris|pridie Nonas Novembres]] anni 2009) [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/08/travel/08Bijagos.html?_r=0&pagewanted=all "Bijagós, a Tranquil Haven in a Troubled Land"] (Anglice), ''[[The New York Times]]'', die [[8 Novembris]] anni [[2009]].</ref> Haec natio domus est [[oecoregio]]nibus duabus: [[diversitas silvae et savanae Guineensium|diversitati silvae et savanae Guineensium]] et [[mangroviae Guineenses|mangroviis Guineensibus]].<ref>Dinerstein, Erici (Eric) et al. (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287/ "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"] (Anglice). ''BioScience''. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.</ref> ===Clima=== Guinea Bissavia calida totum per annum est levibus cum temperaturae fluctuationibus; cuius quantitas media 26,3 ºC seu 79,3 ºF est. Media pluviae quantitas in Guineā Bissaviensi 2 024 millimetrorum seu 79,7 [[Uncia (mensura longitudinis)|unciarum]] est, quamquam paene tota computatur per [[tempus pluviosum]], durans inter Iunium et Septembrem aut Octobrem. E Decembre usque ad Aprilem, haec natio [[ariditas|ariditatem]] patitur.<ref>[https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Guinea-Bissau-CLIMATE.html#b Guinea-Bissau Climate] (Anglice). ''Nationsencyclopedia.com''. Inspectum die [[25 Augusti]] anni 2022.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Bissaviae diagramma.jpg||center|500px|Climaticum Bissaviae diagramma.]] ===Oecologica problemata=== Gravia apud oecologica problemata sunt [[desilvatio]], [[erosio soli]]<ref name="Theodisco">[http://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum.pdf Lexicon Latinum hodiernum scilicet Theodisco-Latinum].</ref> [[hyperboscesis|hyperboscēsis]]<ref>Confer [[lingua Neograeca|Neograecum]] vocabulum υπερβόσκηση.</ref> et [[hyperalieusis]].<ref name="CIA"></ref> Guinea Bissaviensis mediam computationem 5,7/10 punctorum in [[Index de Integritate Amoenitatis Silvestris|Indice de Integritate Amoenitatis Silvestris]] (Anglice: ''Forest Landscape Integrity Index'', siglis ''FLII'') habebat, in loco 97 apud nationes 172 universe sita.<ref>Grantham, H. S. et al. (2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057/ "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material"] (Anglice). ''Nature Communications''. '''11''' (1): 5978. </ref> ===Areae protectae=== Multigenas apud Guineae Bissaviae areas protectas excellit [[Reservatum Biosphaerae]] [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Archipelagi Bissagosensis]], ab [[Unesco]]ne anno [[1996]] discriptum.<ref name="Justino">Iustini (Justino) Biai; et al. (2015). [http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/gbs157139.pdf «Guinea-Bissau: Strategy and National Action Plan for the Biodiversity»] (PDF) (Anglice). [[Institutum alimoniae et agriculturae provehendae]] (siglis FAO). Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> ==Civilitas== Guinea Bissaviensis [[res publica]] est.<ref name="USDS">[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/guineabissau/31802.htm Guinea Bissau (09/03)] (Anglice). ''[[Ministerium Rerum Externarum Civitatum Foederatarum]]''. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> Olim, gubernium valde centralizatum fuerat. [[Systema polycommaticum|Polycommaticum]] regimen non institutum est usque ad medium annum [[1991]].<ref name="USDS"" /> [[Praeses]] [[dux civitatis]] et [[primus minister]] [[dux rectionis]] est. Ex anno [[1974]], nullus praeses quinquennale munus prospere complevit, usque nuper, cum [[Iosephus Marius Vaz]] suum quinquennale munus die [[24 Iunii]] anni [[2019]] finivisset.<ref> Tasamba, Iacobi (James) (die 29 Novembris anni 2019). [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/guinea-bissaus-leader-concedes-election-defeat/1658683 "Guinea-Bissau's leader concedes election defeat"] (Anglice). ''[[Anadolu Agency]]''. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> Legisfero gradū, unicameralis [[Conventus Nationalis Popularis]] ([[Lusice]] ''Assembleia Nacional Popular'') a membris centum constituitur. Quae a populo electa sunt e multorum membrorum [[constituentia|constituentiis]] ad fungendum quattuor annorum munere. [[Potestas iudicialis|Iudiciali systemati]] praeest Supremum Iudicum Collegium (Lusice ''Tribunal Supremo da Justiça''), a novem iudicibus quos Praeses nominat et qui, quamobrem, Praesidis voluntati serviunt.<ref>Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Lusice). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140502205457/http://www.stj.pt/internacional/cptlp/201-cptlp-guine Archivatum]] die 23 Ianuarii anni 2012 in [[Wayback Machine]]. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Guiné-Bissau|Guineam Bissaviensem}} * [http://www.abenaa.de/guineabissau.htm Narrationes peregrinationum atque imagines] * [https://www.ensp.unl.pt/luis.graca/guine_guerracolonial10_mapageral.html Tabula geographica Guineae Portugallensis 1:500 000] {{natio-stipula}} {{Africa}} {{Capsae collectae|Guinea Bissaviensis|politica|{{Praesides Guineae Bissaviensis}}{{Primi ministri Guineae Bissaviensis}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Guineae Bissaviensis}}}} {{Capsae collectae|Guinea Bissaviensis|historica|{{PALOP}}}} [[Categoria:Guinea Bissaviensis|!]] [[Categoria:Condita 1975]] [[Categoria:Respublicae]] [[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]] {{Myrias|Geographia}} 65otgbg2iynwy09elbdklqu9mhfout5 3700156 3700155 2022-08-27T22:06:41Z 31.221.160.188 /* Civilitas */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{L-1}} {{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Guinea bissau sm03.png|thumbnail|Tabula Guineae Bissaviensis]] '''Guinea Bissaviensis'''<ref>"Guinea Bissaviensis": ''[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/GW.htm Giga-Catholic]''</ref> seu '''Guinea-Bissavia'''<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/sinodo/documents/bollettino_25_xiii-ordinaria-2012/xx_plurilingue/b01_xx.html Bollettino Synodus Episcoporum]</ref> ([[Lusice]] ''Guiné-Bissau'', [[Fulice]] 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 ''Gine-Bisaawo'', [[Lingua Mandinga|Mandingice]] ߖߌߣߍ ߺ ߓߌߛߊߥߏ߫ ''Gine-Bisawo''), rite ''Res publica Guineae Bissaviensis'' ([[Lusice]] ''República da Guiné-Bissau''), est civitas in [[Africa Occidentalis|Africā Occidentali]], inter minimas huius continentis. Finitima est [[Senegalia]]e Septentrione, [[Guinea]]e Meridiē Orienteque et [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] Occidente. Ante caput, [[Bissavia]]m<ref>"Bissavia, (-ae, ''f'')": a Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo, [http://www.lateinlexikon.com ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum vel Vocabularium Latinitatis Huius Aetatis,''] apud www.lateinlexikon.com.</ref> ([[Lusice]] ''Bissau''), situs est [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis]], centenariis insularum dissimilium magnitudinum compositus, quarum multae incolis orbatae sunt. Olim [[Portugallia]]e [[colonia]] cum nomine "[[Guinea Lusitanica|Guineae Lusitanicae]] ([[Lusice]] ''Guiné Portuguesa''). Guinea Bissaviensis suam independentiam die [[24 Septembris]] anni [[1973]] proclamavit et, postea, agnita est internationaliter die [[10 Septembris]] anni [[1974]]. Primigenio nomini additum est id capitis, Bissaviae, ad evitandam confusionem cum [[Guinea|Guineā]], priore [[Francia|Francicā]] coloniā. Lingua sollemnis Guineae Bissaviensis est [[Lingua Lusitana|sermo Lusitanus]]. == Historia == Praesens Guineae Bissaviae territorium [[Regnum Gabuense|Regno Gambuensi]]<ref name="Gabu">Confer binomen "Ctenolepisma gabuensis".</ref> olim congruebat, quod vicissim erat pars [[Regnum Melli|Regni Melli]]; ultima huius regni residua usque ad [[saeculum 18|saeculum XVIII]] superfuere. Quamquam litora et fluminum ripae primae terrae fuerunt in quibus [[Lusitania|Lusitani]] colonias deduxere et quibus Lusitani fructi sunt ad adipiscendos [[servus|servos]] [[Arabes|Arabibus]] e mercatoribus e [[saeculum 17|saeculo XVII]], interiores zonae usque ad [[saeculum 19|saeculum XIX]] inexploratae manserunt. Ergo, Guinea Bissaviensis fuit a [[saeculum|saeculo]] [[saeculum 15|XV]], accurate ab anno 1446 usque ad annum [[1974]], [[colonia]] [[Lusitania]]e. [[Fasciculus:Hastear da bandeira da Guiné Bissau após o arrear da de Portugal.jpg|thumb|left|Factionis [[PAIGC]] milites Guineae Bissaviae vexillum anno 1974 submittunt.]] Guinea Bissavia pugnam suā pro independentiā anno [[1956]] inchoavit, cum [[Factio Afra pro Independentia Guineae et Capitis Viridis|Factio Afra pro Independentiā Guineae et Capitis Viridis]] (Lusice ''Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde'' seu ''PAIGC''), armatam post rebellionem, suos locos hac in natione consolidare assecuta est. Anticolonialisticorum motuum aliis in coloniis Lusitanicis eventorum dispar, factio PAIGC suum militare dominium amplas in huius nationis zonas cito diffundere assecuta est: quod possibile fuit propter horum territoriorum naturam, [[iungala|iungalā]] fere omnino tectorum, non minus quam propter magnam armorum quantitatem quae et [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinae]] et [[Unio Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum|URPSS]] et aliae [[Africa|Africae]] nationes ei praebuerut. Haec factio denique vi antiaëreā sibi instruere assecuta est. Anno [[1973]], paene tota Guinea Bissaviensis in factionis PAIGC manūs devenerat. Die [[24 Septembris]] [[1973]] suam [[independentia]]m unilateraliter declaravit et eodem anno a [[Conventus generalis (Nationes Unitae)|Conventū generali Nationum Unitarum]] agnita est.<ref>Ods Home Page archivatum, die 9 Ianuarii anni 2006 in [[Internet Archive]].</ref> [[Portugallia]] Guineae Bissaviensis independentiae agnosceret, [[Interceptio regiminis|re novatā]] quae perfecta est Lusitanicis cum [[res novae dianthorum|Rebus novis dianthorum]] (Lusice ''Revolução dos Cravos''). [[Fasciculus:Bissau_-_Abandoned_tank.JPG|thumb|left|[[Autocurrus armatus]] [[T-54/T-55]] relictus, bello civili (inter annos 1998 et 1999) confecto.]] Guinea Bissavia, deinde, a consilio seditionario usque ad [[1984]] recta est. Anno [[1994]], habita sunt prima [[Systema polycommaticum|polycommatica]] [[comitia]]. Anno [[1998]], exercitūs rebellio ad praesidis Vieira collapsum induxit: quamobrem, Guinea Bissaviensis se praecipitavit in [[bellum civile]]. Anno [[2000]], [[Kumba Ialá]] praeses electus est. Septembre anni [[2003]], nihilominus, novum [[praxicopema]] in Kumbae Ialá custodiam a militaribus factam induxit, qui "ineptus resolvendis nationis problematibus" definitus est. Nonnullas post postpositiones, comitia legisfera denique habita sunt Martio anni [[2004]]. Exercitūs turbatio Octobre eiusdem anni ad mortem ipsius ducis virium armatarum induxit, quod ad incrementum agitationis in natione contribuit. Iunio anni [[2005]], habita sunt nova comitia praesidialia, prima post Kumbae Ialá collapsionem, qui denuo sese candidatus factionis PRS obtulit, se legitimum nationis praesidem esse asserens. Sed vicit candidatus factionis PAIGC, [[Ioannes Bernardus Vieira]], praeses anno [[1998]] destitutus. Vieira candidatum [[Malam Bacai Sanhá]] superavit post [[suffragium decretorium]]: initio, Sanhá suam cladem recusavit, comitiali de fraude in circumscriptionibus duabus (apud quas caput Bissavia) accusans. Nihilominus, non obstantibus aliquo influxūs virium armatarum hebdomadibus ante comitia et quibusdam "tumultibus" (apud quos impetūs contra aedes praesidiales et Ministerium administrationis internae nonnullis ab armatis haud identificatis facti sunt), Europaei observatores ultima Guineae Bissaviensis comitia "tranquilla et bene instructa" definiverunt.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4723627.stm BBC NEWS | Africa | Army man wins G Bissau election] (Anglice).</ref> [[2 Martii|Postridie Kalendas Martias]], Praeaes Vieira interfectus est scelesto facinore quod milites [[cohors praetoria|cohortis praetoriae]] duci, [[Baptista Tagme Na Waie|Baptistae Tagme Na Waie]], fideles commiserunt, qui antea interfectus erat scelesto facinore per [[bomba|pyrobolum]].<ref>''[https://www.repubblica.it/2009/03/sezioni/esteri/guinea-bissau/guinea-bissau/guinea-bissau.html Colpo di Stato in Guinea Bissau, ucciso il presidente Vieira]]'' (Italice), in ''repubblica.it''. URL inspectum postridie Kalendas Martias anni 2009.</ref> [[1 Aprilis|Kalendis Aprilibus]] anni [[2010]], [[primus minister]] Gomes Jr. a militaribus in custodiam comprehensus est. Dux cohortis praetoriae virium armatarum Indjai ei morte minatus est si eius fautorum protestationes, qui in viam exeunt statim nuntio cognito, confestim non desinerent.<ref>[https://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/mondo/2010/04/01/visualizza_new.html_1758822409.html Ansa.it Guinea Bissau, militari arrestano premier] (Italice).</ref> Novus praeses, [[Malam Bacai Sanhá]], in munere ex Iulio anni [[2009]], [[Lutetia]]e die [[9 Ianuarii]] anni [[2012]] mortuus est.<ref>''[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/177799/politique/guin-e-bissau-mort-paris-du-pr-sident-malam-bacai-sanh/ Guinée-Bissau : mort à Paris du président Malam Bacai]]'' (Francice), in ''jeuneafrique.com''.</ref> [[13 Aprilis|Idibus Aprilibus]] anni [[2012]], accidit [[praxicopema]] a militaribus factum, sed Februario anni [[2022]] hoc praxicopema ad irritum cecidit.<ref>''[https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2022-02/quo-026/fallito-un-colpo-di-stato-nella-guinea-bissau.html Fallito un colpo di Stato nella Guinea Bissau]'' (Italice), in ''osservatoreromano.va''.</ref><ref>''[https://www.vaticannews.va/it/mondo/news/2022-02/guinea-bissau-golpe-mandanti.html Guinea Bissau, i dubbi su di un golpe che ancora non ha mandanti]'' (Italice), in ''vaticannews.va''.</ref> == Geographia == [[Fasciculus:Lagoa_com_hipopótamos_01.jpg|thumb|230px|Rari [[aqua salsa|aquae salsae]] [[Hippopotamus|hippopotami]] in insulā [[Orango]]ne]]. [[Fasciculus:CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Caravela]], apud [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Insulas Bissagosenses]].]] [[Fasciculus:20130611-DSC 9018 (9290631541) (2).jpg|thumb|230px|Typicus aspectus in Guineā Bissaviā.]] Guinea Bissaviensis contermina est Septemtrione [[Senegalia]]e et [[Guinea]]e Meridiē Orienteque<ref name="WorldAtlas">[https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/guinea-bissau "Guinea-Bissau Maps & Facts"] (Anglice). ''WorldAtlas''. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> et [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] Occidente.<ref name="WorldAtlas"></ref> Iacet plerumque inter [[Latitudo geographica|latitudines]] 11º et 13º [[Septentrio]]nis (parvā cum areā Meridiē meridiani 11º) et inter [[Longitudo geographica|longitudines]] 11º et 15º [[Occidens|Occidentis]].<ref>[https://www.geodatos.net/en/coordinates/guinea-bissau "Coordinates of Guinea-Bissau"] (Anglice) apud ''GeoDatos''. 2021. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2021.</ref> 36 125 chiliometra quadrata seu 13 948 milia passuum quadratorun ampla,<ref name="WorldAtlas"></ref> haec natio maior quam [[Taivania]] aut [[Belgica]] est. Altissimus locus [[Mons Torin]] ([[Lusice]] ''Monte Torin'') est, 262 metra seu 860 pedes altus. Cuius solum plerumque consistit demissis e litoralibus planitiebus cum [[Palus silvestris|paludibus]] [[mangrovia]]rum ascendentibus usque ad diversitatem [[silva]]rum et [[savana]]rum in Oriente.<ref name="CIA">"Guinea-Bissau" (Anglice). [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pu.html Archivatum] die [[28 Decembris]] anni 2010 in [[Wayback Machine]], Liber Factorum Mundanorum [[CIA]] ''Cia.gov''. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> Cuius simile [[hippalus|hippalo]] [[tempus pluviosum]] vices alternat cum periodis perfervidorum, siccorum [[harmattan]]is [[ventus|ventorum]] e [[Sahara|Saharā]] flantium. [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Archipelagus Bissagosense]]<ref name="Bissagosensis">Confer binomen "Odostomia bissagosensis".</ref> extra [[Africa|continentem]] iacet.<ref>Nossiter, Adami (Adam) ([[4 Novembris|pridie Nonas Novembres]] anni 2009) [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/08/travel/08Bijagos.html?_r=0&pagewanted=all "Bijagós, a Tranquil Haven in a Troubled Land"] (Anglice), ''[[The New York Times]]'', die [[8 Novembris]] anni [[2009]].</ref> Haec natio domus est [[oecoregio]]nibus duabus: [[diversitas silvae et savanae Guineensium|diversitati silvae et savanae Guineensium]] et [[mangroviae Guineenses|mangroviis Guineensibus]].<ref>Dinerstein, Erici (Eric) et al. (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287/ "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"] (Anglice). ''BioScience''. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.</ref> ===Clima=== Guinea Bissavia calida totum per annum est levibus cum temperaturae fluctuationibus; cuius quantitas media 26,3 ºC seu 79,3 ºF est. Media pluviae quantitas in Guineā Bissaviensi 2 024 millimetrorum seu 79,7 [[Uncia (mensura longitudinis)|unciarum]] est, quamquam paene tota computatur per [[tempus pluviosum]], durans inter Iunium et Septembrem aut Octobrem. E Decembre usque ad Aprilem, haec natio [[ariditas|ariditatem]] patitur.<ref>[https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Guinea-Bissau-CLIMATE.html#b Guinea-Bissau Climate] (Anglice). ''Nationsencyclopedia.com''. Inspectum die [[25 Augusti]] anni 2022.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Bissaviae diagramma.jpg||center|500px|Climaticum Bissaviae diagramma.]] ===Oecologica problemata=== Gravia apud oecologica problemata sunt [[desilvatio]], [[erosio soli]]<ref name="Theodisco">[http://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum.pdf Lexicon Latinum hodiernum scilicet Theodisco-Latinum].</ref> [[hyperboscesis|hyperboscēsis]]<ref>Confer [[lingua Neograeca|Neograecum]] vocabulum υπερβόσκηση.</ref> et [[hyperalieusis]].<ref name="CIA"></ref> Guinea Bissaviensis mediam computationem 5,7/10 punctorum in [[Index de Integritate Amoenitatis Silvestris|Indice de Integritate Amoenitatis Silvestris]] (Anglice: ''Forest Landscape Integrity Index'', siglis ''FLII'') habebat, in loco 97 apud nationes 172 universe sita.<ref>Grantham, H. S. et al. (2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057/ "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material"] (Anglice). ''Nature Communications''. '''11''' (1): 5978. </ref> ===Areae protectae=== Multigenas apud Guineae Bissaviae areas protectas excellit [[Reservatum Biosphaerae]] [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Archipelagi Bissagosensis]], ab [[Unesco]]ne anno [[1996]] discriptum.<ref name="Justino">Iustini (Justino) Biai; et al. (2015). [http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/gbs157139.pdf «Guinea-Bissau: Strategy and National Action Plan for the Biodiversity»] (PDF) (Anglice). [[Institutum alimoniae et agriculturae provehendae]] (siglis FAO). Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> ==Civilitas== Guinea Bissaviensis [[res publica]] est.<ref name="USDS">[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/guineabissau/31802.htm Guinea Bissau (09/03)] (Anglice). ''[[Ministerium Rerum Externarum Civitatum Foederatarum]]''. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> Olim, gubernium valde centralizatum fuerat. [[Systema polycommaticum|Polycommaticum]] regimen non institutum est usque ad medium annum [[1991]].<ref name="USDS"" /> [[Praeses]] [[dux civitatis]] et [[primus minister]] [[dux rectionis]] est. Ex anno [[1974]], nullus praeses quinquennale munus prospere complevit, usque nuper, cum [[Iosephus Marius Vaz]] suum quinquennale munus die [[24 Iunii]] anni [[2019]] finivisset.<ref> Tasamba, Iacobi (James) (die 29 Novembris anni 2019). [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/guinea-bissaus-leader-concedes-election-defeat/1658683 "Guinea-Bissau's leader concedes election defeat"] (Anglice). ''[[Anadolu Agency]]''. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> Legisfero gradū, unicameralis Conventus Nationalis Popularis ([[Lusice]] ''Assembleia Nacional Popular'') a membris centum constituitur. Quae a populo electa sunt e multorum membrorum [[constituentia|constituentiis]] ad fungendum quattuor annorum munere. [[Potestas iudicialis|Iudiciali systemati]] praeest Supremum Iudicum Collegium (Lusice ''Tribunal Supremo da Justiça''), a novem iudicibus quos Praeses nominat et qui, quamobrem, Praesidis voluntati serviunt.<ref>Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Lusice). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140502205457/http://www.stj.pt/internacional/cptlp/201-cptlp-guine Archivatum]] die 23 Ianuarii anni 2012 in [[Wayback Machine]]. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Guiné-Bissau|Guineam Bissaviensem}} * [http://www.abenaa.de/guineabissau.htm Narrationes peregrinationum atque imagines] * [https://www.ensp.unl.pt/luis.graca/guine_guerracolonial10_mapageral.html Tabula geographica Guineae Portugallensis 1:500 000] {{natio-stipula}} {{Africa}} {{Capsae collectae|Guinea Bissaviensis|politica|{{Praesides Guineae Bissaviensis}}{{Primi ministri Guineae Bissaviensis}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Guineae Bissaviensis}}}} {{Capsae collectae|Guinea Bissaviensis|historica|{{PALOP}}}} [[Categoria:Guinea Bissaviensis|!]] [[Categoria:Condita 1975]] [[Categoria:Respublicae]] [[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]] {{Myrias|Geographia}} 5dgr00yv12lsip3zmr8kyy2z9d3htzz 3700161 3700156 2022-08-27T22:36:35Z 31.221.160.188 /* Civilitas */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{L-1}} {{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Guinea bissau sm03.png|thumbnail|Tabula Guineae Bissaviensis]] '''Guinea Bissaviensis'''<ref>"Guinea Bissaviensis": ''[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/GW.htm Giga-Catholic]''</ref> seu '''Guinea-Bissavia'''<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/sinodo/documents/bollettino_25_xiii-ordinaria-2012/xx_plurilingue/b01_xx.html Bollettino Synodus Episcoporum]</ref> ([[Lusice]] ''Guiné-Bissau'', [[Fulice]] 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 ''Gine-Bisaawo'', [[Lingua Mandinga|Mandingice]] ߖߌߣߍ ߺ ߓߌߛߊߥߏ߫ ''Gine-Bisawo''), rite ''Res publica Guineae Bissaviensis'' ([[Lusice]] ''República da Guiné-Bissau''), est civitas in [[Africa Occidentalis|Africā Occidentali]], inter minimas huius continentis. Finitima est [[Senegalia]]e Septentrione, [[Guinea]]e Meridiē Orienteque et [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] Occidente. Ante caput, [[Bissavia]]m<ref>"Bissavia, (-ae, ''f'')": a Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo, [http://www.lateinlexikon.com ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum vel Vocabularium Latinitatis Huius Aetatis,''] apud www.lateinlexikon.com.</ref> ([[Lusice]] ''Bissau''), situs est [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis]], centenariis insularum dissimilium magnitudinum compositus, quarum multae incolis orbatae sunt. Olim [[Portugallia]]e [[colonia]] cum nomine "[[Guinea Lusitanica|Guineae Lusitanicae]] ([[Lusice]] ''Guiné Portuguesa''). Guinea Bissaviensis suam independentiam die [[24 Septembris]] anni [[1973]] proclamavit et, postea, agnita est internationaliter die [[10 Septembris]] anni [[1974]]. Primigenio nomini additum est id capitis, Bissaviae, ad evitandam confusionem cum [[Guinea|Guineā]], priore [[Francia|Francicā]] coloniā. Lingua sollemnis Guineae Bissaviensis est [[Lingua Lusitana|sermo Lusitanus]]. == Historia == Praesens Guineae Bissaviae territorium [[Regnum Gabuense|Regno Gambuensi]]<ref name="Gabu">Confer binomen "Ctenolepisma gabuensis".</ref> olim congruebat, quod vicissim erat pars [[Regnum Melli|Regni Melli]]; ultima huius regni residua usque ad [[saeculum 18|saeculum XVIII]] superfuere. Quamquam litora et fluminum ripae primae terrae fuerunt in quibus [[Lusitania|Lusitani]] colonias deduxere et quibus Lusitani fructi sunt ad adipiscendos [[servus|servos]] [[Arabes|Arabibus]] e mercatoribus e [[saeculum 17|saeculo XVII]], interiores zonae usque ad [[saeculum 19|saeculum XIX]] inexploratae manserunt. Ergo, Guinea Bissaviensis fuit a [[saeculum|saeculo]] [[saeculum 15|XV]], accurate ab anno 1446 usque ad annum [[1974]], [[colonia]] [[Lusitania]]e. [[Fasciculus:Hastear da bandeira da Guiné Bissau após o arrear da de Portugal.jpg|thumb|left|Factionis [[PAIGC]] milites Guineae Bissaviae vexillum anno 1974 submittunt.]] Guinea Bissavia pugnam suā pro independentiā anno [[1956]] inchoavit, cum [[Factio Afra pro Independentia Guineae et Capitis Viridis|Factio Afra pro Independentiā Guineae et Capitis Viridis]] (Lusice ''Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde'' seu ''PAIGC''), armatam post rebellionem, suos locos hac in natione consolidare assecuta est. Anticolonialisticorum motuum aliis in coloniis Lusitanicis eventorum dispar, factio PAIGC suum militare dominium amplas in huius nationis zonas cito diffundere assecuta est: quod possibile fuit propter horum territoriorum naturam, [[iungala|iungalā]] fere omnino tectorum, non minus quam propter magnam armorum quantitatem quae et [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinae]] et [[Unio Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum|URPSS]] et aliae [[Africa|Africae]] nationes ei praebuerut. Haec factio denique vi antiaëreā sibi instruere assecuta est. Anno [[1973]], paene tota Guinea Bissaviensis in factionis PAIGC manūs devenerat. Die [[24 Septembris]] [[1973]] suam [[independentia]]m unilateraliter declaravit et eodem anno a [[Conventus generalis (Nationes Unitae)|Conventū generali Nationum Unitarum]] agnita est.<ref>Ods Home Page archivatum, die 9 Ianuarii anni 2006 in [[Internet Archive]].</ref> [[Portugallia]] Guineae Bissaviensis independentiae agnosceret, [[Interceptio regiminis|re novatā]] quae perfecta est Lusitanicis cum [[res novae dianthorum|Rebus novis dianthorum]] (Lusice ''Revolução dos Cravos''). [[Fasciculus:Bissau_-_Abandoned_tank.JPG|thumb|left|[[Autocurrus armatus]] [[T-54/T-55]] relictus, bello civili (inter annos 1998 et 1999) confecto.]] Guinea Bissavia, deinde, a consilio seditionario usque ad [[1984]] recta est. Anno [[1994]], habita sunt prima [[Systema polycommaticum|polycommatica]] [[comitia]]. Anno [[1998]], exercitūs rebellio ad praesidis Vieira collapsum induxit: quamobrem, Guinea Bissaviensis se praecipitavit in [[bellum civile]]. Anno [[2000]], [[Kumba Ialá]] praeses electus est. Septembre anni [[2003]], nihilominus, novum [[praxicopema]] in Kumbae Ialá custodiam a militaribus factam induxit, qui "ineptus resolvendis nationis problematibus" definitus est. Nonnullas post postpositiones, comitia legisfera denique habita sunt Martio anni [[2004]]. Exercitūs turbatio Octobre eiusdem anni ad mortem ipsius ducis virium armatarum induxit, quod ad incrementum agitationis in natione contribuit. Iunio anni [[2005]], habita sunt nova comitia praesidialia, prima post Kumbae Ialá collapsionem, qui denuo sese candidatus factionis PRS obtulit, se legitimum nationis praesidem esse asserens. Sed vicit candidatus factionis PAIGC, [[Ioannes Bernardus Vieira]], praeses anno [[1998]] destitutus. Vieira candidatum [[Malam Bacai Sanhá]] superavit post [[suffragium decretorium]]: initio, Sanhá suam cladem recusavit, comitiali de fraude in circumscriptionibus duabus (apud quas caput Bissavia) accusans. Nihilominus, non obstantibus aliquo influxūs virium armatarum hebdomadibus ante comitia et quibusdam "tumultibus" (apud quos impetūs contra aedes praesidiales et Ministerium administrationis internae nonnullis ab armatis haud identificatis facti sunt), Europaei observatores ultima Guineae Bissaviensis comitia "tranquilla et bene instructa" definiverunt.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4723627.stm BBC NEWS | Africa | Army man wins G Bissau election] (Anglice).</ref> [[2 Martii|Postridie Kalendas Martias]], Praeaes Vieira interfectus est scelesto facinore quod milites [[cohors praetoria|cohortis praetoriae]] duci, [[Baptista Tagme Na Waie|Baptistae Tagme Na Waie]], fideles commiserunt, qui antea interfectus erat scelesto facinore per [[bomba|pyrobolum]].<ref>''[https://www.repubblica.it/2009/03/sezioni/esteri/guinea-bissau/guinea-bissau/guinea-bissau.html Colpo di Stato in Guinea Bissau, ucciso il presidente Vieira]]'' (Italice), in ''repubblica.it''. URL inspectum postridie Kalendas Martias anni 2009.</ref> [[1 Aprilis|Kalendis Aprilibus]] anni [[2010]], [[primus minister]] Gomes Jr. a militaribus in custodiam comprehensus est. Dux cohortis praetoriae virium armatarum Indjai ei morte minatus est si eius fautorum protestationes, qui in viam exeunt statim nuntio cognito, confestim non desinerent.<ref>[https://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/mondo/2010/04/01/visualizza_new.html_1758822409.html Ansa.it Guinea Bissau, militari arrestano premier] (Italice).</ref> Novus praeses, [[Malam Bacai Sanhá]], in munere ex Iulio anni [[2009]], [[Lutetia]]e die [[9 Ianuarii]] anni [[2012]] mortuus est.<ref>''[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/177799/politique/guin-e-bissau-mort-paris-du-pr-sident-malam-bacai-sanh/ Guinée-Bissau : mort à Paris du président Malam Bacai]]'' (Francice), in ''jeuneafrique.com''.</ref> [[13 Aprilis|Idibus Aprilibus]] anni [[2012]], accidit [[praxicopema]] a militaribus factum, sed Februario anni [[2022]] hoc praxicopema ad irritum cecidit.<ref>''[https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2022-02/quo-026/fallito-un-colpo-di-stato-nella-guinea-bissau.html Fallito un colpo di Stato nella Guinea Bissau]'' (Italice), in ''osservatoreromano.va''.</ref><ref>''[https://www.vaticannews.va/it/mondo/news/2022-02/guinea-bissau-golpe-mandanti.html Guinea Bissau, i dubbi su di un golpe che ancora non ha mandanti]'' (Italice), in ''vaticannews.va''.</ref> == Geographia == [[Fasciculus:Lagoa_com_hipopótamos_01.jpg|thumb|230px|Rari [[aqua salsa|aquae salsae]] [[Hippopotamus|hippopotami]] in insulā [[Orango]]ne]]. [[Fasciculus:CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Caravela]], apud [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Insulas Bissagosenses]].]] [[Fasciculus:20130611-DSC 9018 (9290631541) (2).jpg|thumb|230px|Typicus aspectus in Guineā Bissaviā.]] Guinea Bissaviensis contermina est Septemtrione [[Senegalia]]e et [[Guinea]]e Meridiē Orienteque<ref name="WorldAtlas">[https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/guinea-bissau "Guinea-Bissau Maps & Facts"] (Anglice). ''WorldAtlas''. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> et [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] Occidente.<ref name="WorldAtlas"></ref> Iacet plerumque inter [[Latitudo geographica|latitudines]] 11º et 13º [[Septentrio]]nis (parvā cum areā Meridiē meridiani 11º) et inter [[Longitudo geographica|longitudines]] 11º et 15º [[Occidens|Occidentis]].<ref>[https://www.geodatos.net/en/coordinates/guinea-bissau "Coordinates of Guinea-Bissau"] (Anglice) apud ''GeoDatos''. 2021. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2021.</ref> 36 125 chiliometra quadrata seu 13 948 milia passuum quadratorun ampla,<ref name="WorldAtlas"></ref> haec natio maior quam [[Taivania]] aut [[Belgica]] est. Altissimus locus [[Mons Torin]] ([[Lusice]] ''Monte Torin'') est, 262 metra seu 860 pedes altus. Cuius solum plerumque consistit demissis e litoralibus planitiebus cum [[Palus silvestris|paludibus]] [[mangrovia]]rum ascendentibus usque ad diversitatem [[silva]]rum et [[savana]]rum in Oriente.<ref name="CIA">"Guinea-Bissau" (Anglice). [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pu.html Archivatum] die [[28 Decembris]] anni 2010 in [[Wayback Machine]], Liber Factorum Mundanorum [[CIA]] ''Cia.gov''. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> Cuius simile [[hippalus|hippalo]] [[tempus pluviosum]] vices alternat cum periodis perfervidorum, siccorum [[harmattan]]is [[ventus|ventorum]] e [[Sahara|Saharā]] flantium. [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Archipelagus Bissagosense]]<ref name="Bissagosensis">Confer binomen "Odostomia bissagosensis".</ref> extra [[Africa|continentem]] iacet.<ref>Nossiter, Adami (Adam) ([[4 Novembris|pridie Nonas Novembres]] anni 2009) [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/08/travel/08Bijagos.html?_r=0&pagewanted=all "Bijagós, a Tranquil Haven in a Troubled Land"] (Anglice), ''[[The New York Times]]'', die [[8 Novembris]] anni [[2009]].</ref> Haec natio domus est [[oecoregio]]nibus duabus: [[diversitas silvae et savanae Guineensium|diversitati silvae et savanae Guineensium]] et [[mangroviae Guineenses|mangroviis Guineensibus]].<ref>Dinerstein, Erici (Eric) et al. (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287/ "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"] (Anglice). ''BioScience''. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.</ref> ===Clima=== Guinea Bissavia calida totum per annum est levibus cum temperaturae fluctuationibus; cuius quantitas media 26,3 ºC seu 79,3 ºF est. Media pluviae quantitas in Guineā Bissaviensi 2 024 millimetrorum seu 79,7 [[Uncia (mensura longitudinis)|unciarum]] est, quamquam paene tota computatur per [[tempus pluviosum]], durans inter Iunium et Septembrem aut Octobrem. E Decembre usque ad Aprilem, haec natio [[ariditas|ariditatem]] patitur.<ref>[https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Guinea-Bissau-CLIMATE.html#b Guinea-Bissau Climate] (Anglice). ''Nationsencyclopedia.com''. Inspectum die [[25 Augusti]] anni 2022.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Bissaviae diagramma.jpg||center|500px|Climaticum Bissaviae diagramma.]] ===Oecologica problemata=== Gravia apud oecologica problemata sunt [[desilvatio]], [[erosio soli]]<ref name="Theodisco">[http://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum.pdf Lexicon Latinum hodiernum scilicet Theodisco-Latinum].</ref> [[hyperboscesis|hyperboscēsis]]<ref>Confer [[lingua Neograeca|Neograecum]] vocabulum υπερβόσκηση.</ref> et [[hyperalieusis]].<ref name="CIA"></ref> Guinea Bissaviensis mediam computationem 5,7/10 punctorum in [[Index de Integritate Amoenitatis Silvestris|Indice de Integritate Amoenitatis Silvestris]] (Anglice: ''Forest Landscape Integrity Index'', siglis ''FLII'') habebat, in loco 97 apud nationes 172 universe sita.<ref>Grantham, H. S. et al. (2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057/ "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material"] (Anglice). ''Nature Communications''. '''11''' (1): 5978. </ref> ===Areae protectae=== Multigenas apud Guineae Bissaviae areas protectas excellit [[Reservatum Biosphaerae]] [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Archipelagi Bissagosensis]], ab [[Unesco]]ne anno [[1996]] discriptum.<ref name="Justino">Iustini (Justino) Biai; et al. (2015). [http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/gbs157139.pdf «Guinea-Bissau: Strategy and National Action Plan for the Biodiversity»] (PDF) (Anglice). [[Institutum alimoniae et agriculturae provehendae]] (siglis FAO). Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> ==Civilitas== [[Fasciculus:Palácio_Presidencial_em_Bissau_(2).jpg|thumb|Guineae Bissaviae aedes praesidialis.]] [[Fasciculus:Fernanda_Nossa,_Guinea-Bissau,_photo_3.jpg|thumb|right|Publicae securitatis [[vigil]] in [[pompa|pompā]] in Guineā Bissaviensi.]] Guinea Bissaviensis [[res publica]] est.<ref name="USDS">[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/guineabissau/31802.htm Guinea Bissau (09/03)] (Anglice). ''[[Ministerium Rerum Externarum Civitatum Foederatarum]]''. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> Olim, gubernium valde centralizatum fuerat. [[Systema polycommaticum|Polycommaticum]] regimen non institutum est usque ad medium annum [[1991]].<ref name="USDS"" /> [[Praeses]] [[dux civitatis]] et [[primus minister]] [[dux rectionis]] est. Ex anno [[1974]], nullus praeses quinquennale munus prospere complevit, usque nuper, cum [[Iosephus Marius Vaz]] suum quinquennale munus die [[24 Iunii]] anni [[2019]] finivisset.<ref> Tasamba, Iacobi (James) (die 29 Novembris anni 2019). [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/guinea-bissaus-leader-concedes-election-defeat/1658683 "Guinea-Bissau's leader concedes election defeat"] (Anglice). ''[[Anadolu Agency]]''. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> Legisfero gradū, unicameralis Conventus Nationalis Popularis ([[Lusice]] ''Assembleia Nacional Popular'') a membris centum constituitur. Quae a populo electa sunt e multorum membrorum [[constituentia|constituentiis]] ad fungendum quattuor annorum munere. [[Potestas iudicialis|Iudiciali systemati]] praeest Supremum Iudicum Collegium (Lusice ''Tribunal Supremo da Justiça''), a novem iudicibus quos Praeses nominat et qui, quamobrem, Praesidis voluntati serviunt.<ref>Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Lusice). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140502205457/http://www.stj.pt/internacional/cptlp/201-cptlp-guine Archivatum]] die 23 Ianuarii anni 2012 in [[Wayback Machine]]. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> Praecipua [[factio]]nes duae [[Factio Africana pro independentia Guineae et Capitis Viridis|Factio Africana pro Independentiā Guineae et Capitis Viridis]] (Lusice ''Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde'', siglis ''PAIGC'') et [[Factio pro renovatione sociali|Factio pro Renovatione Sociali]] (Lusice ''Partido da Renovação Social'', siglis ''PRS'') sunt. Sunt amplius viginti minores factiones.<ref>[https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Guinea-Bissau-POLITICAL-PARTIES.html#b Guinea-Bissau Political Parties] (Anglice). ''nationsencyclopedia.com''. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Guiné-Bissau|Guineam Bissaviensem}} * [http://www.abenaa.de/guineabissau.htm Narrationes peregrinationum atque imagines] * [https://www.ensp.unl.pt/luis.graca/guine_guerracolonial10_mapageral.html Tabula geographica Guineae Portugallensis 1:500 000] {{natio-stipula}} {{Africa}} {{Capsae collectae|Guinea Bissaviensis|politica|{{Praesides Guineae Bissaviensis}}{{Primi ministri Guineae Bissaviensis}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Guineae Bissaviensis}}}} {{Capsae collectae|Guinea Bissaviensis|historica|{{PALOP}}}} [[Categoria:Guinea Bissaviensis|!]] [[Categoria:Condita 1975]] [[Categoria:Respublicae]] [[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]] {{Myrias|Geographia}} dlsdo6mm733yk1iazstt8qccwycvrev 3700162 3700161 2022-08-27T23:02:28Z 31.221.160.188 /* Civilitas */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{L-1}} {{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Guinea bissau sm03.png|thumbnail|Tabula Guineae Bissaviensis]] '''Guinea Bissaviensis'''<ref>"Guinea Bissaviensis": ''[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/GW.htm Giga-Catholic]''</ref> seu '''Guinea-Bissavia'''<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/sinodo/documents/bollettino_25_xiii-ordinaria-2012/xx_plurilingue/b01_xx.html Bollettino Synodus Episcoporum]</ref> ([[Lusice]] ''Guiné-Bissau'', [[Fulice]] 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 ''Gine-Bisaawo'', [[Lingua Mandinga|Mandingice]] ߖߌߣߍ ߺ ߓߌߛߊߥߏ߫ ''Gine-Bisawo''), rite ''Res publica Guineae Bissaviensis'' ([[Lusice]] ''República da Guiné-Bissau''), est civitas in [[Africa Occidentalis|Africā Occidentali]], inter minimas huius continentis. Finitima est [[Senegalia]]e Septentrione, [[Guinea]]e Meridiē Orienteque et [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] Occidente. Ante caput, [[Bissavia]]m<ref>"Bissavia, (-ae, ''f'')": a Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo, [http://www.lateinlexikon.com ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum vel Vocabularium Latinitatis Huius Aetatis,''] apud www.lateinlexikon.com.</ref> ([[Lusice]] ''Bissau''), situs est [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis]], centenariis insularum dissimilium magnitudinum compositus, quarum multae incolis orbatae sunt. Olim [[Portugallia]]e [[colonia]] cum nomine "[[Guinea Lusitanica|Guineae Lusitanicae]] ([[Lusice]] ''Guiné Portuguesa''). Guinea Bissaviensis suam independentiam die [[24 Septembris]] anni [[1973]] proclamavit et, postea, agnita est internationaliter die [[10 Septembris]] anni [[1974]]. Primigenio nomini additum est id capitis, Bissaviae, ad evitandam confusionem cum [[Guinea|Guineā]], priore [[Francia|Francicā]] coloniā. Lingua sollemnis Guineae Bissaviensis est [[Lingua Lusitana|sermo Lusitanus]]. == Historia == Praesens Guineae Bissaviae territorium [[Regnum Gabuense|Regno Gambuensi]]<ref name="Gabu">Confer binomen "Ctenolepisma gabuensis".</ref> olim congruebat, quod vicissim erat pars [[Regnum Melli|Regni Melli]]; ultima huius regni residua usque ad [[saeculum 18|saeculum XVIII]] superfuere. Quamquam litora et fluminum ripae primae terrae fuerunt in quibus [[Lusitania|Lusitani]] colonias deduxere et quibus Lusitani fructi sunt ad adipiscendos [[servus|servos]] [[Arabes|Arabibus]] e mercatoribus e [[saeculum 17|saeculo XVII]], interiores zonae usque ad [[saeculum 19|saeculum XIX]] inexploratae manserunt. Ergo, Guinea Bissaviensis fuit a [[saeculum|saeculo]] [[saeculum 15|XV]], accurate ab anno 1446 usque ad annum [[1974]], [[colonia]] [[Lusitania]]e. [[Fasciculus:Hastear da bandeira da Guiné Bissau após o arrear da de Portugal.jpg|thumb|left|Factionis [[PAIGC]] milites Guineae Bissaviae vexillum anno 1974 submittunt.]] Guinea Bissavia pugnam suā pro independentiā anno [[1956]] inchoavit, cum [[Factio Afra pro Independentia Guineae et Capitis Viridis|Factio Afra pro Independentiā Guineae et Capitis Viridis]] (Lusice ''Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde'' seu ''PAIGC''), armatam post rebellionem, suos locos hac in natione consolidare assecuta est. Anticolonialisticorum motuum aliis in coloniis Lusitanicis eventorum dispar, factio PAIGC suum militare dominium amplas in huius nationis zonas cito diffundere assecuta est: quod possibile fuit propter horum territoriorum naturam, [[iungala|iungalā]] fere omnino tectorum, non minus quam propter magnam armorum quantitatem quae et [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinae]] et [[Unio Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum|URPSS]] et aliae [[Africa|Africae]] nationes ei praebuerut. Haec factio denique vi antiaëreā sibi instruere assecuta est. Anno [[1973]], paene tota Guinea Bissaviensis in factionis PAIGC manūs devenerat. Die [[24 Septembris]] [[1973]] suam [[independentia]]m unilateraliter declaravit et eodem anno a [[Conventus generalis (Nationes Unitae)|Conventū generali Nationum Unitarum]] agnita est.<ref>Ods Home Page archivatum, die 9 Ianuarii anni 2006 in [[Internet Archive]].</ref> [[Portugallia]] Guineae Bissaviensis independentiae agnosceret, [[Interceptio regiminis|re novatā]] quae perfecta est Lusitanicis cum [[res novae dianthorum|Rebus novis dianthorum]] (Lusice ''Revolução dos Cravos''). [[Fasciculus:Bissau_-_Abandoned_tank.JPG|thumb|left|[[Autocurrus armatus]] [[T-54/T-55]] relictus, bello civili (inter annos 1998 et 1999) confecto.]] Guinea Bissavia, deinde, a consilio seditionario usque ad [[1984]] recta est. Anno [[1994]], habita sunt prima [[Systema polycommaticum|polycommatica]] [[comitia]]. Anno [[1998]], exercitūs rebellio ad praesidis Vieira collapsum induxit: quamobrem, Guinea Bissaviensis se praecipitavit in [[bellum civile]]. Anno [[2000]], [[Kumba Ialá]] praeses electus est. Septembre anni [[2003]], nihilominus, novum [[praxicopema]] in Kumbae Ialá custodiam a militaribus factam induxit, qui "ineptus resolvendis nationis problematibus" definitus est. Nonnullas post postpositiones, comitia legisfera denique habita sunt Martio anni [[2004]]. Exercitūs turbatio Octobre eiusdem anni ad mortem ipsius ducis virium armatarum induxit, quod ad incrementum agitationis in natione contribuit. Iunio anni [[2005]], habita sunt nova comitia praesidialia, prima post Kumbae Ialá collapsionem, qui denuo sese candidatus factionis PRS obtulit, se legitimum nationis praesidem esse asserens. Sed vicit candidatus factionis PAIGC, [[Ioannes Bernardus Vieira]], praeses anno [[1998]] destitutus. Vieira candidatum [[Malam Bacai Sanhá]] superavit post [[suffragium decretorium]]: initio, Sanhá suam cladem recusavit, comitiali de fraude in circumscriptionibus duabus (apud quas caput Bissavia) accusans. Nihilominus, non obstantibus aliquo influxūs virium armatarum hebdomadibus ante comitia et quibusdam "tumultibus" (apud quos impetūs contra aedes praesidiales et Ministerium administrationis internae nonnullis ab armatis haud identificatis facti sunt), Europaei observatores ultima Guineae Bissaviensis comitia "tranquilla et bene instructa" definiverunt.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4723627.stm BBC NEWS | Africa | Army man wins G Bissau election] (Anglice).</ref> [[2 Martii|Postridie Kalendas Martias]], Praeaes Vieira interfectus est scelesto facinore quod milites [[cohors praetoria|cohortis praetoriae]] duci, [[Baptista Tagme Na Waie|Baptistae Tagme Na Waie]], fideles commiserunt, qui antea interfectus erat scelesto facinore per [[bomba|pyrobolum]].<ref>''[https://www.repubblica.it/2009/03/sezioni/esteri/guinea-bissau/guinea-bissau/guinea-bissau.html Colpo di Stato in Guinea Bissau, ucciso il presidente Vieira]]'' (Italice), in ''repubblica.it''. URL inspectum postridie Kalendas Martias anni 2009.</ref> [[1 Aprilis|Kalendis Aprilibus]] anni [[2010]], [[primus minister]] Gomes Jr. a militaribus in custodiam comprehensus est. Dux cohortis praetoriae virium armatarum Indjai ei morte minatus est si eius fautorum protestationes, qui in viam exeunt statim nuntio cognito, confestim non desinerent.<ref>[https://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/mondo/2010/04/01/visualizza_new.html_1758822409.html Ansa.it Guinea Bissau, militari arrestano premier] (Italice).</ref> Novus praeses, [[Malam Bacai Sanhá]], in munere ex Iulio anni [[2009]], [[Lutetia]]e die [[9 Ianuarii]] anni [[2012]] mortuus est.<ref>''[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/177799/politique/guin-e-bissau-mort-paris-du-pr-sident-malam-bacai-sanh/ Guinée-Bissau : mort à Paris du président Malam Bacai]]'' (Francice), in ''jeuneafrique.com''.</ref> [[13 Aprilis|Idibus Aprilibus]] anni [[2012]], accidit [[praxicopema]] a militaribus factum, sed Februario anni [[2022]] hoc praxicopema ad irritum cecidit.<ref>''[https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2022-02/quo-026/fallito-un-colpo-di-stato-nella-guinea-bissau.html Fallito un colpo di Stato nella Guinea Bissau]'' (Italice), in ''osservatoreromano.va''.</ref><ref>''[https://www.vaticannews.va/it/mondo/news/2022-02/guinea-bissau-golpe-mandanti.html Guinea Bissau, i dubbi su di un golpe che ancora non ha mandanti]'' (Italice), in ''vaticannews.va''.</ref> == Geographia == [[Fasciculus:Lagoa_com_hipopótamos_01.jpg|thumb|230px|Rari [[aqua salsa|aquae salsae]] [[Hippopotamus|hippopotami]] in insulā [[Orango]]ne]]. [[Fasciculus:CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Caravela]], apud [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Insulas Bissagosenses]].]] [[Fasciculus:20130611-DSC 9018 (9290631541) (2).jpg|thumb|230px|Typicus aspectus in Guineā Bissaviā.]] Guinea Bissaviensis contermina est Septemtrione [[Senegalia]]e et [[Guinea]]e Meridiē Orienteque<ref name="WorldAtlas">[https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/guinea-bissau "Guinea-Bissau Maps & Facts"] (Anglice). ''WorldAtlas''. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> et [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] Occidente.<ref name="WorldAtlas"></ref> Iacet plerumque inter [[Latitudo geographica|latitudines]] 11º et 13º [[Septentrio]]nis (parvā cum areā Meridiē meridiani 11º) et inter [[Longitudo geographica|longitudines]] 11º et 15º [[Occidens|Occidentis]].<ref>[https://www.geodatos.net/en/coordinates/guinea-bissau "Coordinates of Guinea-Bissau"] (Anglice) apud ''GeoDatos''. 2021. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2021.</ref> 36 125 chiliometra quadrata seu 13 948 milia passuum quadratorun ampla,<ref name="WorldAtlas"></ref> haec natio maior quam [[Taivania]] aut [[Belgica]] est. Altissimus locus [[Mons Torin]] ([[Lusice]] ''Monte Torin'') est, 262 metra seu 860 pedes altus. Cuius solum plerumque consistit demissis e litoralibus planitiebus cum [[Palus silvestris|paludibus]] [[mangrovia]]rum ascendentibus usque ad diversitatem [[silva]]rum et [[savana]]rum in Oriente.<ref name="CIA">"Guinea-Bissau" (Anglice). [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pu.html Archivatum] die [[28 Decembris]] anni 2010 in [[Wayback Machine]], Liber Factorum Mundanorum [[CIA]] ''Cia.gov''. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> Cuius simile [[hippalus|hippalo]] [[tempus pluviosum]] vices alternat cum periodis perfervidorum, siccorum [[harmattan]]is [[ventus|ventorum]] e [[Sahara|Saharā]] flantium. [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Archipelagus Bissagosense]]<ref name="Bissagosensis">Confer binomen "Odostomia bissagosensis".</ref> extra [[Africa|continentem]] iacet.<ref>Nossiter, Adami (Adam) ([[4 Novembris|pridie Nonas Novembres]] anni 2009) [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/08/travel/08Bijagos.html?_r=0&pagewanted=all "Bijagós, a Tranquil Haven in a Troubled Land"] (Anglice), ''[[The New York Times]]'', die [[8 Novembris]] anni [[2009]].</ref> Haec natio domus est [[oecoregio]]nibus duabus: [[diversitas silvae et savanae Guineensium|diversitati silvae et savanae Guineensium]] et [[mangroviae Guineenses|mangroviis Guineensibus]].<ref>Dinerstein, Erici (Eric) et al. (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287/ "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"] (Anglice). ''BioScience''. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.</ref> ===Clima=== Guinea Bissavia calida totum per annum est levibus cum temperaturae fluctuationibus; cuius quantitas media 26,3 ºC seu 79,3 ºF est. Media pluviae quantitas in Guineā Bissaviensi 2 024 millimetrorum seu 79,7 [[Uncia (mensura longitudinis)|unciarum]] est, quamquam paene tota computatur per [[tempus pluviosum]], durans inter Iunium et Septembrem aut Octobrem. E Decembre usque ad Aprilem, haec natio [[ariditas|ariditatem]] patitur.<ref>[https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Guinea-Bissau-CLIMATE.html#b Guinea-Bissau Climate] (Anglice). ''Nationsencyclopedia.com''. Inspectum die [[25 Augusti]] anni 2022.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Bissaviae diagramma.jpg||center|500px|Climaticum Bissaviae diagramma.]] ===Oecologica problemata=== Gravia apud oecologica problemata sunt [[desilvatio]], [[erosio soli]]<ref name="Theodisco">[http://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum.pdf Lexicon Latinum hodiernum scilicet Theodisco-Latinum].</ref> [[hyperboscesis|hyperboscēsis]]<ref>Confer [[lingua Neograeca|Neograecum]] vocabulum υπερβόσκηση.</ref> et [[hyperalieusis]].<ref name="CIA"></ref> Guinea Bissaviensis mediam computationem 5,7/10 punctorum in [[Index de Integritate Amoenitatis Silvestris|Indice de Integritate Amoenitatis Silvestris]] (Anglice: ''Forest Landscape Integrity Index'', siglis ''FLII'') habebat, in loco 97 apud nationes 172 universe sita.<ref>Grantham, H. S. et al. (2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057/ "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material"] (Anglice). ''Nature Communications''. '''11''' (1): 5978. </ref> ===Areae protectae=== Multigenas apud Guineae Bissaviae areas protectas excellit [[Reservatum Biosphaerae]] [[Archipelagus Bissagosensis|Archipelagi Bissagosensis]], ab [[Unesco]]ne anno [[1996]] discriptum.<ref name="Justino">Iustini (Justino) Biai; et al. (2015). [http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/gbs157139.pdf «Guinea-Bissau: Strategy and National Action Plan for the Biodiversity»] (PDF) (Anglice). [[Institutum alimoniae et agriculturae provehendae]] (siglis FAO). Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2022.</ref> ==Civilitas== [[Fasciculus:Palácio_Presidencial_em_Bissau_(2).jpg|thumb|Guineae Bissaviae aedes praesidialis.]] [[Fasciculus:Fernanda_Nossa,_Guinea-Bissau,_photo_3.jpg|thumb|right|Publicae securitatis [[vigil]] in [[pompa|pompā]] in Guineā Bissaviensi.]] Guinea Bissaviensis [[res publica]] est.<ref name="USDS">[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/guineabissau/31802.htm Guinea Bissau (09/03)] (Anglice). ''[[Ministerium Rerum Externarum Civitatum Foederatarum]]''. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> Olim, gubernium valde centralizatum fuerat. [[Systema polycommaticum|Polycommaticum]] regimen non institutum est usque ad medium annum [[1991]].<ref name="USDS"" /> [[Praeses]] [[dux civitatis]] et [[primus minister]] [[dux rectionis]] est. Ex anno [[1974]], nullus praeses quinquennale munus prospere complevit, usque nuper, cum [[Iosephus Marius Vaz]] suum quinquennale munus die [[24 Iunii]] anni [[2019]] finivisset.<ref> Tasamba, Iacobi (James) (die 29 Novembris anni 2019). [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/guinea-bissaus-leader-concedes-election-defeat/1658683 "Guinea-Bissau's leader concedes election defeat"] (Anglice). ''[[Anadolu Agency]]''. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> Legisfero gradū, unicameralis Conventus Nationalis Popularis ([[Lusice]] ''Assembleia Nacional Popular'') a membris centum constituitur. Quae a populo electa sunt e multorum membrorum [[constituentia|constituentiis]] ad fungendum quattuor annorum munere. [[Potestas iudicialis|Iudiciali systemati]] praeest Supremum Iudicum Collegium (Lusice ''Tribunal Supremo da Justiça''), a novem iudicibus quos Praeses nominat et qui, quamobrem, Praesidis voluntati serviunt.<ref>Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Lusice). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140502205457/http://www.stj.pt/internacional/cptlp/201-cptlp-guine Archivatum]] die 23 Ianuarii anni 2012 in [[Wayback Machine]]. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> Praecipua [[factio]]nes duae [[Factio Africana pro independentia Guineae et Capitis Viridis|Factio Africana pro Independentiā Guineae et Capitis Viridis]] (Lusice ''Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde'', siglis ''PAIGC'') et [[Factio pro renovatione sociali|Factio pro Renovatione Sociali]] (Lusice ''Partido da Renovação Social'', siglis ''PRS'') sunt. Sunt amplius viginti minores factiones.<ref>[https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Guinea-Bissau-POLITICAL-PARTIES.html#b Guinea-Bissau Political Parties] (Anglice). ''nationsencyclopedia.com''. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> ===Rationes internationales=== Guinea Bissavia conditorium membrum est [[Communitas civitatum Lusitane loquentium|Communitatis civitatum Lusitane loquentium]] (siglis Lusice ''CPLP''), internationalis politicaeque consociationis quae [[lingua Lusitana|Lusophonicae]] nationes per continentes quattuor cum [[lingua Lusitana|linguā Lusitanā]] officiali comprehendit.<ref>[https://www.cplp.org/id-2752.aspx "CPLP - Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa - Histórico - Como surgiu?"] (Lusice). ''www.cplp.org''. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> ===Res militares=== Anni [[2019]] aestimatio Guineae Bissaviensis Virium Armatarum magnitudinem 4 400 hominum et militarem sumptum minus quam 2% e [[PDG]] esse dicit.<ref name="CIA 2019">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guinea-bissau/#military-and-security "Guinea-Bissau"] (Anglice). Liber Factorum Mundanorum [[CIA]] ''Cia.gov''. Inspectum die [[27 Augusti]] anni [[2022]].</ref> Anno [[2018]], Guinea Bissavia [[Nationes Unitae|Nationum Unitarum]] [[Foedus de interdictione armorum nuclearium]] signavit.<ref>[https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en "Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons"] (Anglice et Francice). Nationum Unitarum Foederum Collectio. Nonis Iuliis anni 2017.</ref> == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Guiné-Bissau|Guineam Bissaviensem}} * [http://www.abenaa.de/guineabissau.htm Narrationes peregrinationum atque imagines] * [https://www.ensp.unl.pt/luis.graca/guine_guerracolonial10_mapageral.html Tabula geographica Guineae Portugallensis 1:500 000] {{natio-stipula}} {{Africa}} {{Capsae collectae|Guinea Bissaviensis|politica|{{Praesides Guineae Bissaviensis}}{{Primi ministri Guineae Bissaviensis}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Guineae Bissaviensis}}}} {{Capsae collectae|Guinea Bissaviensis|historica|{{PALOP}}}} [[Categoria:Guinea Bissaviensis|!]] [[Categoria:Condita 1975]] [[Categoria:Respublicae]] [[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]] {{Myrias|Geographia}} brsthzfe4af9y2vp1arfcad3dizjhxx 0 12023 3700077 3665499 2022-08-27T17:57:55Z Andrew Dalby 1084 contribuo wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Harrius Potter]] dul57aop8oslln8ixk6rlthuo2ymbs0 0 13574 3700209 3690955 2022-08-28T11:30:30Z CommonsDelinker 1422 [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker/commands|automaton]]: Substituens [[commons:Image:Football_in_Bloomington,_Indiana,_1996.jpg|Image:Football_in_Bloomington,_Indiana,_1996.jpg]] pro Image:Football_iu_1996.jpg. CommonsDelinker hanc rationem dedit: [[:c:COM:FR wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas}} [[Fasciculus:Football in Bloomington, Indiana, 1996.jpg|thumb|Binae turmae [[pediludium|pediludio]] ludunt, ludo athletico [[orbis terrarum]] populo gratissimo.]] '''Ars athletica''' seu '''disportus''' (-us m.)<ref>Vide [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/leonina/EL%20221.pdf EPISTULAM LEONINAM CCXXI a Leone Latino factam].</ref> est [[exercitium corporis]] ubi [[homo|homines]] inter se plerumque per [[competitio]]nem certant.<ref name=sportaccord>{{cite web|publisher=SportAccord|url=http://www.sportaccord.com/en/members/index.php?idIndex=32&idContent=14881|title=Definition of sport}}.</ref> Athletae [[gladius|gladiis]], [[pila|piliis]] aliisque instrumentis saepe ludunt. Quique ludus per praecepta, metas, et instrumenta ei specialia definitur. Ludorum praecepta multum a civitatum legibus moribusque et a [[collegium athleticum|societate athletica]] ludum gubernante dependent. Ludunt et amatores fructus otiique causa, et negotiosi emolumenti causa. Multi ludi certaminaque quoque habent aspectus internationales, sicut [[Olympia (certamina)|ludi Olympici]], [[pediludium|FIFA Certamen Mundiale Pediludii]], et [[Circuitus Franciae]]. ==Physiologia et sanitas== Hodie plerasquae artium athleticarum salubritati corporis mentisque servare putatur. === Commendationes OMS === [[Ordo mundi sanitarius]] (OMS) commendat et iubet: * omnes homines inter 18 et 64 annorum natos hebdomade non citra quam 150 minuta moderate vel 75 minuta vehementer artem athleticam exercere, * artem athleticam moderatam centesimae ab 50 ad 70 [[frequentia cardiaca|frequentiae cardiacae]] maximae, quo sermo normaliter liceat, significare, * artem athleticam vehehemtem centesimae ab 70 ad 85 frequentiae cardiacae maximae, quo sermo haud facile vel haudquamquam liceat, significare, * unitates athleticas singulares non minus quam 10 minuta solere esse, * exercitationem artis athleticae hebdomade saltem binas esse. ==De instrumentis== Athletae saepe [[instrumentum (ars athletica)|instrumentis]] propriis ludunt. Birotarii [[birota|birotis]], cursores [[cursi calceus|cursi calceis]], gladiatores rudibus (vel olim gladiis), iactatores [[iuculum|iaculis]] [[pilum|pilis]] [[discus|discisque]], natatores [[perspicillum subaquaticum|perspicillis subaquaticis]], nartatores [[narta|nartis]], sagittarii [[arcus (arma)|arcibus]] [[sagitta (arma)|sagittisque]], sclopetarii [[sclopetum|sclopetiis]], utuntur. Multi ludi [[tenniludium|teniludium]], [[harpastum]]) [[pila|folle]] (sicut [[pediludium]], [[canistripilae ludus|canistriludium]], [[volatuludium]], vel [[pila]] (sicut [[criccetius lusus]] et [[basipila|basiludium]]) utuntur. == De turmis et manibus == Alii ludi certamina inter [[homo|homines]] [[unus|singulos]] sunt, sicut [[birotatio]], [[equitatio]], [[natatio]], [[nartatio]], [[patinaticum]], [[gymnastica]], et [[teniludium]]. Alii ludi certamina inter manus vel turmas hominum sunt, sicut fere omnes pilis ludi, [[remigandi certamen|remidandi certamina]], et [[velificatio]]nes. Alii ludi et inter turmas et inter homines singulos possunt esse, quod multum a [[civitas|civitate]] et eius [[mos|moribus]] dependet. ==De lusoribus, societatibus et foederibus== Et negotiosi emolumenti causa ludunt, et amatores fructus otiique causa. Multi ludi certaminaque habent aspectus internationales. ==Ludi varii== ===Ludi turmales{{dubsig}}=== {{div col|3}} ====Follis==== *[[Alsulegia equestris]] <!--polo--> *[[Alsulegia aquatica]] <!--waterpolo--> *[[Alsulegia pratensis]] *[[Alsulegia pedirotaria]] <!--roller hockey--> *[[Canistriludium]] <!--basketball--> *[[Canistriludium viarium]] <!--streetball--> *[[Follis volaticus]] <!--volleyball--> *[[Harpastum]] <!--rugby--> *[[Manufollium]] <!--handball--> *[[Pediludium]] <!--football--> *[[Pediludium Americanum]] <!--American football--> *[[Pediludium aulare]] <!--futsal--> *[[Pediludium litorale]] <!--beachsoccer--> *[[Unialsulegia]] <!--floorball--> ====Pila==== *[[Alsulegia]] <!--hockey--> *[[Basipila]] <!--baseball--> *[[Basipila Finnica]] <!--'pesäpallo--> *[[Criccetius lusus|Criccetius]] <!--cricket--> *[[Crocia]] <!--lacrosse--> *[[Ludus pilae Mesoamericanus]] {{div col end}} ===Ludi in stadio=== *[[Athletica]] *[[Gymnastica]] ===Ludi aquatici=== *[[Alsulegia aquatica]] <!--waterpolo--> *[[Fluctivagatio]] *[[Natatio]] *[[Natatio saltatoria]] *[[Saltus aquaticus]] <!--diving--> *[[Velitabulatio]] ===Ludi martiales=== *[[Chromatosphaerisis]] *[[Iudo]] *[[Lucta]] *[[Luctatio libera disportiva]]{{dubsig}} *[[Luctatio libera Mexicana]] *[[Luctatio libera Olympica]] *[[Luctatio libera professionalis]] *[[Luctatio libera T36]] *[[Pugilatus]] *[[Pugilatio (Graeci antiqui)]] *[[Taequondo]] ===Ludi cum manubriato reticulo=== *[[Pennaludium]] <!--badmington--> *[[Pila Vasconica]] <!--pelote basque--> *[[Teniludium]] <!--tennis--> *[[Teniludium mensale]] <!--table tennis--> *[[Teniludium parietarius]] <!--squash--> ===Ludi ad scopum=== *[[Ars sagittandi]] <!--archery--> *[[Pillamalleus]] (Ludus Caledonicus) <!--golf--> ===Ludi cum animalibus=== *[[Alsulegia equestris]] *[[Buzcasium]] *[[Equitatio]] ===Ludi birotarii=== *[[Birotatio]] <!--cycling--> ===Ludi hiemales=== *[[Alsulegia glacialis]] <!--ice hockey--> *[[Alsulegia Russica]] <!--bandy--> *[[Ludus scoparum]] <!--curling--> *[[Nartatio]] <!--skiing--> ===Ludi mechanici=== *[[Birotatio automataria]] ===Ludi nautici=== *[[Certamen celocum lusoriorum]] *[[Piraguismus]] *[[Remigium (ars athletica)|Remigium]] ===Ludi alii=== *[[Patinatio rotalis velocitatis]] <!--inline speed skating--> *[[Ambulatio viae]] <!--road running--> {{NexInt}} {{div col|3}} *[[Baculi pilaeque ludus]] *[[Circuitus Franciae]] *[[Circus]] *[[Coniludium]] *[[Ludus gymnicus campestris]] *[[Ludus saggitarius]] *[[Ludus sclopetarius]] *[[Malleorum ludus]] <!--croquet--> *[[Montium ascensus]] *[[Olympia (certamina)|Ludi Olympici]] *[[Tabula labens]] *[[Trahea canum]] *[[Trahea gubernabilis]] {{div col end}} == Notae == <references /> {{Societas humana}} {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Anthropologia}} [[Categoria:Exercitatio corporis]] [[Categoria:Ludi athletici|!]] e200gs7plb1zyuddtoacj1w4adowlur 3 13667 3700154 3696787 2022-08-27T21:40:42Z IacobusAmor 1163 Question wikitext text/x-wiki *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2006]] *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2007]] *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2008]] *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2009]] *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2010]] *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2011]] *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2012]] *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2013]] ==Categoriae urbium== I asked UVbot to move a couple. I mention them to you because you happen to have created them: [[:Categoria:Philadelphia Pennsilvaniae]] and [[:Categoria:Concordia Massachusettae]]. In pagenames and categories for US cities (others too, usually) we choose "Name (State)" so I thought it best for these to match the others. Hope that's OK. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:40, 1 Ianuarii 2014 (UTC) ==... et poetarum== You've adumbrated four "Poetae formalistici" and two "Poetae formalistae". Since there are six, it's more efficient to create the category than delete the redlinks, but please tell me which form of words you prefer! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:33, 8 Ianuarii 2014 (UTC) :The agent-noun derived in recent times from newly coined words ending in ''-ismus'' commonly (but not exclusively) ends in ''-ista,'' and ''poeta formalista'' ('formalist-poet') might work as a double noun, much like ''participant-observer,'' a term of art in anthropology. Consistency is to be effected in such words whenever possible, but which pattern is best remains unclear. For yet another option (with faults of its own), see the hidden code in the basic article on the subject of new formalism in poetry: [[Novus Formalismus]]. (Whether to capitalize the names of movements is a topic about which people will no doubt have opinions.) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:31, 9 Ianuarii 2014 (UTC) ::OK, thanks for your reply. Let's try "Poetae formalistae", since it's shorter, and see if anyone disagrees. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:43, 9 Ianuarii 2014 (UTC) == ... et sagarum == You had probably forgotten the discussion at [[Disputatio:Iudicia de magia apud Salem acta]]. Because of this, while merging your page with the existing one, I also changed the categories. I don't think we ought to say that these ladies were witches, though some people certainly thought they were! For the present, there is no longer a separate category corresponding to "Salem witch trials" -- just a couple of more general categories, [[:Categoria:Iudicia de magia]] and [[:Categoria:De magia quaesiti]] (I hope that name works ...) -- but a more specific category [[:Categoria:Iudicia de magia Salemensia]] (for example) would meet the POV objection and could surely be created if you care to do so. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:47, 18 Februarii 2014 (UTC) == Welcome back Kotter == It's nice to see you back. I realize I still have far to go with latin but I would appreciate if you would hint a bit more to what would be wrong with the article.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 06:58, 1 Aprilis 2014 (UTC) == Adventures == I am appreciative of this page. I hope you don't mind if I peek and will make the necessary changes --slowly--? Thanks.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:20, 2 Aprilis 2014 (UTC) ==Portmanteau, a kind of , jeepney== Thanks for your corrections to Jeepney and your inputs about 'a kind of'. Portmanteau is great word to know but we can't use that word in Latin don't you think? Besides, in many current English dictionaries, it is a kind of travelling bag.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 09:34, 9 Aprilis 2014 (UTC) ==[[Candela canens]]== I like your candela canens article! I still am bothered a bit about how to translate feedback, which is a powerful concept.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:02, 3 Maii 2014 (UTC) :Maybe something related to ''responsum.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:12, 6 Maii 2014 (UTC) ::The Romance languages suggest ''retroactio'', ''retroalimentatio'', ''realimentatio''. ''Retroago'' is an attested classical word, so ''retroactio'' might be possible as a <nowiki>{{convertimus}}</nowiki>. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 18:01, 7 Maii 2014 (UTC) I would like very much to suggest retroalimentation. The others seem like 'drive/push back'.Btw I can hardly do wiki these days because of my job.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:17, 21 Maii 2014 (UTC) ==Talking of feedback ...== Hi, Iacobe. It would be good to have your answer to the last question I posed at [[Disputatio Categoriae:Pelliculae per civitates digestae]]! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:01, 5 Maii 2014 (UTC) :Last week of semester: grading papers, exams on Friday, etc. Busy busy. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:10, 6 Maii 2014 (UTC) ::While awaiting your reply there, I noted the redlink category names "Pelliculae documentariae atrae-et-albae" and "Pelliculae nigrae-et-albae". I'm going to delete these redlinks because (apart from being inconsistent with one another) these forms don't sound like real Latin to me. If I'm wrong, maybe cite a parallel? If I might be right, maybe consider instead "Pelliculae unicolores" or "incolores"? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:52, 20 Maii 2014 (UTC) ==[[Tosa Inu]]== Iacobus, please indicate what you think is wrong with this article. It will help me in the future. Thank you.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 10:39, 17 Maii 2014 (UTC) :Done long ago. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:47, 15 Iulii 2014 (UTC) == [[:Categoria:Studia Byzantina]] == Seems to me a useful, much-needed, long-desired category, but I don't see how [[Argos]] and [[Collegium Artium]] specially fit into it. That would need to be explained in the text of those articles maybe? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:45, 1 Iunii 2014 (UTC) ==Composita anorgana?== Dear IacobusAmor, I noticed that you created the [[:Categoria:composita inorganica]] in 2010. In English ''inorganic'' <ref name="Dorland2000">Anderson, D.M. (2000). ''Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary'' (29th edition). Philadelphia/London/Toronto/Montreal/Sydney/Tokyo: W.B. Saunders Company.</ref> and in French ''inorganique''<ref name="Haan">Haan, H.R.M. de & Dekker, W.A.L. (1955-1957). ''Groot woordenboek der geneeskunde. Encyclopaedia medica.'' Leiden: L. Stafleu.</ref> is used (with an ''in privativum''), while in German<ref name="Haan"/> and Dutch<ref name="Haan"/><ref name="Pinkhof2012">Everdingen, J.J.E. van, Eerenbeemt, A.M.M. van den (2012). ''Pinkhof Geneeskundig woordenboek'' (12de druk). Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.</ref> ''anorganisch'' is used (with an ''α privativum''). Earlier in English ''anorganic'' <ref name="Foster1891">Foster, F.D. (1891-1893). ''An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages.'' New York: D. Appleton and Company.</ref> and in French ''anorganique'' <ref name="Foster1891"/> was also used, but English ''anorganic'' seems to be nowadays restricted to "denoting tissue (e.g., bone) from which the organic material has been removed".<ref name="Dorland2000"/> The adjective ''inorganicus'' is not attested in classical Latin.<ref name="Lewis & Short">Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref> In case one would find such a word, one would expect that it would resemble the ancient Greek adjective ἀνόργανος,<ref name="Liddell & Scott">Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). ''A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref> instead of a hybrid derived from Latin in- and ancient Greek ὀργανικός. In Neolatin one can find ''anorganicus'' <ref name="Kraus">Kraus, L.A. (1844). ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon'' (Dritte Auflage). Göttingen: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Siebenhaar1850">Siebenhaar, F.J. (1850). ''Terminologisches Wörterbuch der medicinischen Wissenschaften.'' (Zweite Auflage). Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name=”Schlickum”>Schlickum, O. (1879). ''Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften.'' Leipzig: Ernst Günther’s Verlag.</ref><ref name="Foster1891"/> and ''anorganus'',<ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> the latter more closely resembling ἀνόργανος. By the way, English ''inorganic'' is also translated in modern Greek as ἀνόργανος.<ref name="Divry1982">Divry, G.C. (red.) (1982). ''Divry’s modern English-Greek and Greek-English desk dictionary.'' New York: D.C. Divry. Inc., Publishers.</ref> I would like to suggest a move to ''composita anorgana''. In ancient Greek ἀνόργανος is both the form for the masculinum and femininum with ἀνόργανον for the neutrum. My source for anorganus only specified the masculinum, but we could use anorganus/-us/-um (M/F/N)? I would like to know whether you would agree. In case this request is unfounded, I would appreciate it, if you could explain possible objections. With kind regards, [[Usor:Wimpus|Wimpus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Wimpus|disputatio]]) 14:54, 14 Iulii 2014 (UTC) :Thanks for the question. I hadn't thought about it, but Google suggests that ''inorganicus'' is in well-established Latin use, going back at least as far as [[Franciscus Bacon|Francis Bacon]] ([http://books.google.com/books?id=a6PV3Lbk_jwC&pg=PT123&lpg=PT123&dq=inorganicum+bacon&source=bl&ots=wHZlyzlpMX&sig=tiVjerFP7znI0x-z41mdMGgFB6s&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Bg_FU_6KIei-8QHfqoDgCQ&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=inorganicum%20bacon&f=false hic]), and of course to the works of [[Linnaeus]] ([http://books.google.com/books?id=WlsUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1356&lpg=PA1356&dq=inorganicum&source=bl&ots=R1uvaa7UfB&sig=bYTMF6sqcdBiOMFJtN1rDjVBjZs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jQ7FU_DpKIiV8gHz64Bw&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q=inorganicum&f=false hic]) and other authors (e.g., [http://books.google.com/books?id=1QgUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR13&lpg=PR13&dq=inorganicum&source=bl&ots=6t8wKAcrVc&sig=Jmwv54-bbmBjJagYxpQVT_B5HLg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Rw3FU4CtBImT8AHUl4GIDQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=inorganicum&f=false ''The Elements of Materia Medica''] (1839) and [http://books.google.com/books/about/Cursus_philosophiae_naturalis_de_inorgan.html?id=kD6_mAEACAAJ ''Cursus philosophiae naturalis, de inorganicis, de vita vegetativa. . .'' (1912)]). The OED traces English ''inorganic(al)'' back to 1621, but ''anorganic'' only to the late nineteenth century. If in an encyclopedia, as in dictionaries and biological taxonomies, prior use has pride of place over later use, then Bacon and Linnaeus trump Kraus (1844), Siebenhaar (1850), Schlockum (1879) and Divry (1982). Generally, like you, I cultivate a classical style, though we have to allow for the exigencies of technical terminology. Regarding categories, perhaps it's best to wait for the return of Andrew, nostri regis categoriarum. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:32, 15 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ::If it's of interest: ''Cassell's Latin Dictionary,'' focusing on the classical idiom, reports: :::'''inorganic,''' render by phrase, referring to life (''vita'') or growth (''crescĕre''). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:49, 15 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ::::Dear Iacobus, thanks for the sources. It seems that inorganicus is slightly older. The earliest source I can find currently is from [http://books.google.nl/books?id=cWtPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT31&dq=anorganicum&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=4FPGU_elOuHJ0QXqroCgCw&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=anorganicum&f=false 1700] for anorganicum and from [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/fs1/object/display/bsb10523623_00069.html?contextType=scan&contextSort=score%2Cdescending&contextRows=10&context=anorexia 1673] for anorganus. I know that the principle of priority is used in botanical Latin. In terminici technici from other disciplines, like anatomy for example, priority is less of a concern as many terminici technici change over time. The official nomenclature committee declared that they do not want to change terms to often, but over the last 120 years some terms went through three or four revisions. Although the official nomenclature committee dictates to use their latest approved list of anatomic terms, different spellings/forms can be found within the same list, with some spellings more adhering to classical Latin or their ancient Greek roots than others. Kraus' earlier publication ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon'' was devised to correct incorrect forms and spellings used by his contemporaries and predecessors. Although I can not find ''inorganicus'' in his Lexikon, I think he would probably remark that the form would be ''falsch'' and would suggest ''anorganicus''. Unfortunately Kraus didn't list the more rare ''anorganus'' as can be found in Siebenhaar's dictionary. But I find it an excellent idea to wait for Andrew's input! With kind regards and thanks for the response, [[Usor:Wimpus|Wimpus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Wimpus|disputatio]]) 11:04, 16 Iulii 2014 (UTC) :Nice of you to invite me to comment, gentlemen! On the minor issue of how to form the feminine (you probably knew this, Iacobe? Greek adjectives normally have a feminine in -a/-e if they are simple words, but in -os if they are compounds) I believe that it is very rare in Latin to transfer -us -us -um from Greek, and that it would startle readers, so we should prefer -us -a -um. :On the major issue, I really don't know what's best. In an article we can of course list all three attested forms, but in a category name we have to choose one. My initial inclination is to say that if "inorganicus" goes back as far as Bacon, and is additionally close to the form in many modern languages (though admittedly not modern Greek), it will be much more familiar to readers and may deserve a slight preference for that reason. Also, to me, Greek "anorganos" ought not really to have the required meaning: it ought to mean "without an organ". What do you say to that, Wimpus? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:46, 24 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ::Dear Andrew, thank you for response and insights. Regarding the feminine: there are a lot of Greek loan adjectives in the Tensaurus Italograecus<ref name="Saalfeld1884">Saalfeld, G.A.E.A. (1884). ''Tensaurus Italograecus. Ausführliches historisch-kritisches Wörterbuch der Griechischen Lehn- und Fremdwörter im Lateinischen.'' Wien: Druck und Verlag von Carl Gerold's Sohn, Buchhändler der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften.</ref> that have two endings, i.e. -os for the masculine and femine and -on for the neuter. And there are by the way alot of feminine loan nouns that end on -os (anhydros, diametros). In case one wants to ''import'' a word from Greek into Latin one can stick to the Greek form on ''os''. Some people<ref name=”Miller1897”>Miller, W. (1897). Scientific names of Latin and Greek derivation. ''Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 3''(1), 115-143, p.127</ref> however cast doubt on the Latinitas of this procedure to keep the Greek ending intact: :::"Of course, there can be no question about the existence of forms in -os for Greek -ος and -on for -ov in a certain class of writers of the Silver Age, when, according to that same Juvenal, Rome was more Greek than Latin. Apuleius occasionally so transliterates; but it is simply one of his many Greek mannerisms. Pliny the Elder is responsible for the most of the transgressions of that law which are to be found in the dictionaries; his reason for such violation of the Latin law is found in his desire to present the technical or scientific words of his Greek original in an untranslated, unchanged form. The same phenomenon, with the same reason underlying, is to be found in the Church Fathers. And so we have, hammo-chrysos, hady-osmos, ophidion, gingidion, and many more; most of them, as I said, are Pliny's Latin, but Pliny's solecisms or mannerisms should not be good enough for any one when a better than Pliny (in point of Latinity, at least) can be found; and the law both before and after Pliny was: Greek ος is Latin -us, and Greek -ov is Latin -um." ::For a Greek adjective of two endings one can create a masculine adjective on ''us''. But do we have to create a third ending on -a for the feminine? In the Tensaurus Italograecus there are enough examples of Greek loan adjectives on ος/ov that became -us/-a/-um in Latin. However, are these exact forms in each gender attested? Miller<ref name=”Miller1897”>Miller, W. (1897). Scientific names of Latin and Greek derivation. ''Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 3''(1), 115-143, p.133</ref> comments on this procedure: :::"In general, it is arbitrary and inexact to make adjectives of three endings in Latin out of Greek adjectives of two endings. The old Latinists used the form in -us for both masculine and feminine, and -um for the neuter; e. g. curo-troph-us (-os), masc. and fem., curo-troph-um (-on), neut.; dory-phorus, masc. and fem., dory-phorum, neut.; disco-phorus, masc. and fem.; eu-petalus, masc. and fem.; poly-stomus, masc. and fem., -um, neut. The only exception I find given in the Latin dictionary is di-somus, -a, -um; but that is erroneous and should read disomus,- um." ::I only have difficulties in finding these aforementioned forms as adjectives (as adjectives: curotrophoe<ref name="Lewis & Short">Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref><ref name="Saalfeld1884"/>, it seems like a plural feminine). So I have to try harder. But, it seems a complicated issue. ::As you have mentioned, Ancient Greek ἀνόργανος is translated as "without instruments"<ref name="Liddell & Scott"/> or "without organs (zonder organen)"<ref name="Muller1932">Muller, F. (1932). ''Grieksch woordenboek.'' (3de druk). Groningen/Den Haag/Batavia: J.B. Wolters’ Uitgevers-Maatschappij N.V.</ref> and ὀργανικός is translated as "serving as organs or instruments, instrumental"<ref name="Liddell & Scott"/> In this respect, it seems like ἀνόργανος is related (negatively) to ὀργανικός. But to make it more complicated, in Ancient Greek the adjective ὄργανος/η/ον is also attested with the meaning "working, forming"<ref name="Liddell & Scott"/> as well as the verb ὀργανόω, "to be organized"<ref name="Liddell & Scott"/> (hence anorganus as "nicht-organisiert"?). So, could anorganus can also be seen as the opposite of organicus? As I mentioned earlier, English ''inorganic'' is also translated in modern Greek as ἀνόργανος.<ref name="Divry1982"/> Or is ἀνοργανικός also attested as translation of English ''inorganic''? I must admit, that I am more accustomed to the form with the alpha privativum and not with the in privativum as in my native tongue (Dutch), the adjective is ''anorganisch''. Maybe I have created even more confusion. My apologies :) With kind regards, [[Usor:Wimpus|Wimpus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Wimpus|disputatio]]) 21:39, 24 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Ironman== Thank you for your Ironman dubsigs! They will help me and other latin enthusiasts to improve our latin.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:46, 25 Iulii 2014 (UTC) I hate to admit it but I guess it deserved a latinatis. I guess I have to look really hard with the other ones. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:57, 25 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ==Accusative of respect== What do you think about it? Is it not recommended to use?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:50, 25 Iulii 2014 (UTC) :Gildersleeve (#338) implies it's a Greekism, a verbal tic of Sallust & Livy, and "much more common in the poets": "Good prose uses the Ablative for [it]." No matter how we look at it, your ''cordem'' isn't the accusative of ''[[cor]].'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:16, 25 Iulii 2014 (UTC) I know now, cordem was a mistake, good catch! I will try my best to avoid Greekism, but shouldn't we use more of fundamental grammar? Books on higher prose are not too available.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:35, 26 Iulii 2014 (UTC) :Forgive me for intruding, o amici. In these terms the alternative to "prose" is "poetry". I don't think it's a good idea for us to try to write like the poets :) We really are writing prose. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:05, 26 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ::Hey, I was going to say that! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:09, 26 Iulii 2014 (UTC) It is great to have people like you around. The rest of us are not Latin specialists, eg we need to stick to basic grammar. Which also brings me to the question, I see a lot 'this is used in poetry' in my Teach Yourself Latin book(can't remember any grammar rule now). I'm, sure it is ok to use them here right?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 18:16, 26 Iulii 2014 (UTC) :It depends on how peculiar or self-conscious you want to sound. If a grammar says "used in poetry," it's probably warning you to be careful about using it in prose. As a rule, check any hints about usage that dictionaries give. They may say point-blank that a word is poetic: for 'sword', Cassell's offers "''gladius, ensis'' (poet.), ''ferrum'' (esp. in general or abstract sense)." Or you may have to figure it out for yourself from the citations given: for ''gladius,'' Cassell's cites Caesar, Cicero, Vergil, Livy; for ''ensis,'' it cites Lucretius, Livy, and Vergil. Those sets of authors alone tell you that ''gladius'' is going to be perfectly acceptable in prose, but ''ensis'' has the danger of evoking poetry, or at least sounding a little odd. Maybe the situation there is like ''sword'' and ''blade'' in English: the latter (like ''ensis'') can be found in prose, but it's not the usual term, so it might lead a reader to wonder what's afoot. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:09, 26 Iulii 2014 (UTC) I meant to say in the summary, Welcome ^<u>back</u>^ Andrew!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 18:18, 26 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ==Lingua Gesticulatoriae== ciao, come va?? ho fatto qualche errore?? --[[Usor:SurdusVII|SurdusVII]] [[Disputatio Usoris:SurdusVII|''(LIS)'']] 16:50, 2 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :cari amici [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] e [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]], allora vi dico che i numeri delle statistiche, purtroppo non è *perfetto*, perchè non è facile avere numeri ufficiali, ma solo su Istituzioni come la EUD o la WFD qualcosa sui numeri si sa qualcosa ma non sempre purtroppo... :quanto ai termini per favore non scrivete ''NON UDENTE'' in quanto è un termine offensivo, quindi propongo di usare semplicemente i termini come ''Deaf People'', ok?? :se avete dubbi o problemi da chiarire riguardo alla conoscenza della Comunità Sorda, chiedimi pure... :Ave Dux :D ciao a tutti e 2! --[[Usor:SurdusVII|SurdusVII]] [[Disputatio Usoris:SurdusVII|''(LIS)'']] 09:03, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::Iacobe, if you feel interested in the sign language articles, that makes me happy and I'll leave them alone for a bit. There is definitely a need for one Latinist, but not necessarily two :) If, on the other hand, you'd rather not, just let me know. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:29, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::::Language-related topics engage my keyboard in general, but the textual hiccups in question have elicited from the little gray cells about as much as they're likely to, at least for the moment. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:25, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :::Hi Surdus, so we should use deaf people not deaf? Homines Surdi or Homines surdium? For myself (To Andrew and Iacobe) I don't know if there is anything I can add now. So I'd be leaving the articles alone for the meantime. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:44, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::::As was implied before (on another page), ''homines surdium'' doesn't make sense: ''surdium'' isn't a word, and even if it were, it wouldn't look (in the slightest) as if it might be an adjective modifying ''homines.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:25, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :::::@[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ''Homines Surdi'' :) --[[Usor:SurdusVII|SurdusVII]] [[Disputatio Usoris:SurdusVII|''(LIS)'']] 12:30, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ==[[Mana]]== Hi, Iacobe. I deleted the uncreated categories at Mana. If you intend to create them, then -- as always -- please revert my edits. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:30, 28 Augusti 2014 (UTC) Give [[Usor:L&#39;arpetaniaku|L&#39;arpetaniaku]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:L&#39;arpetaniaku|disputatio]]) 16:12, 20 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ==Diaboli parvi== Hi again. Could you comment at [[Disputatio:Aemilius Zola]]? You may well be right, but I don't see anything to justify it in our text, or in en:wiki, or even in the starred article at fr:wiki! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:23, 1 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :No answer? Does that mean it was a mistake? You are nearly always right, so I would have loved to hear from you before reverting :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:26, 4 Septembris 2014 (UTC) I have to add that I am full of admiration for your sourcing of the name [[Luguvalium (Pennsylvania)]] ... A great find. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:48, 1 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :When curiosities like that by chance come into view, Vicipaedia is a good place to document them. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:44, 3 Novembris 2014 (UTC) ==Better== I noticed your edits to [[:Categoria:Collegium Smith]] and [[:Categoria:Collegium Mount Holyoke]]. I think these were mostly bad changes because # you removed two supercategories that all other comparable categories have, and left one blue and one red supercategory in their place, thus making the categories more difficult for others to find # you added hidden text in English We ought surely to aim always to leave pages (even category pages) in a better state than we found them in. I think (tell me if you disagree) that you left these two in a worse state than you found them in. If this was part of a general plan to subcategorize the area of universities and colleges, again, do tell me: I'm happy to discuss it! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:26, 4 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ==[[Alexander Essenus]]== I moved back to "Esseno". Tell me if I'm missing something, but this is just a modern surname, isn't it? and we don't change them. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:09, 11 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :It's apparently an adjective posing as a surname. See the disputation page. ¶ However, the article is probably going to be deleted, so the point is moot. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:13, 11 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ::Good point :) But I must say that I moved back too quickly -- you hadn't had time to write your explanation on the talk page. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:23, 11 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ==Edit war around [[Ordo pro Merito Melitensi]]== You are, of course, correct to flag [[Usor:Mabelina]]'s changes; she seems to be a beginner at Latin. But the edit history this morning looks a bit like an edit war -- is that really useful? I've been trying to clean up a bit of the mess she's left (she? with no user page I'm going by the username), and it may be more constructive to correct the grammar instead of just flagging the pages, time permitting of course (it's looking like one of those crazy semesters). I'm not going to do anything drastic here; verbum sapienti.... [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 12:19, 11 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :Yes, but I have no time for correcting today! It's enough to dispose of Alexander the Essene! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:22, 11 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ::Mabelina has responded to my changes the way (s)he has to Laurentianus's: either with gross innocence, or intent on edit-warring. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:24, 11 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :::Hello to you both & thank you for your concern re ''Pro Merito Melitensi''. I can assure you that it is out of innocence & my definite rusty Latin (as if it were ever perfect!) that I am finding it difficult to perfect the Latin phraseology. My reason for introducing the article is because this Order happens to be among the few extant examples of Latin in usage today and which has no recognisable equivalent name in the vernacular, hence I thought it would be of interest to our Latin readers. What to do next? & thanks again for your help. [[Mabelina|M]] :::PS. but it is not only [[Mabelina|me]] who has been editing this article, hence a bit of confusion on my part as to whose previous edits to follow/correct/etc... Thanks again. ::::They were all helping, or at least trying to. At bedtime, 17 of 54 words were problematic, and now at breakfasttime, 15 of 55 are. Jondel's overnight ministrations (not all of which were successful) raised the score from 69 to 73, on the scale I [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:IacobusAmor/Adventures once experimented with:] still a –5, but better! (The scale from minus one to minus seven, and the descriptions like "Latinitas huius paginae magnopere corrigenda est," predate my arrival in Vicilandia.) If we were to back-translate the text into English, you might be surprised at how bizarre the diction is, but no time is available today. For starters, ask yourself why, in the caption, you changed (the correct) ''Crux'' to ''Cruce''&thinsp;; since all captions lacking a visible verb are sentences fundamentally of the form "[This is an] X," it wants to be in the nominative case. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:17, 12 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ==[[Pathologia]]== Salve Iacobus, ut vales? Amabo te ponere dubsigs in re, ut soles. Gatias--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:35, 12 Septembris 2014 (UTC) Etiam.quaeso, in [[Eruptio ebolae in Africa occidentali anno 2014]] si tempus tibi sit. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 09:12, 12 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :In [[Pathologia]], for starters, ''qua'' means 'by which' (but don't you want it to mean 'which'?) and the chances may be at least 99 to 1 that ''tractat'' is in the wrong place. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:26, 12 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ::It should be quae, you're right, thanks! OK, about the word order of tractat. I'll fix it now. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:49, 14 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ==Ursule Mirouët== Salve [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]] & thank you for your kind suggestion re '''eques Venerabili Ordinis Sancti Ioannis'''. I concur that it is a minefield trying to word some modern-day formal protocol satisfactorily in Classical terminology - but I guess it is worth it, otherwise our Latin readers could quite excusably assume that things which have (d)evolved continue as was to the present day! ==The Order for Maltese Merit== I hope you approve of using ''in vulgare'' for Ursula Mirouet, and it is my intention to expand the UM article and others (where I know something about the subject), but since so many of my recent posts have been amended (notwithstanding that my Latin is/hopefully becoming less) rusty! it has been difficult for me sometimes to know whose edits are good ones to follow... Perhaps you could be so kind as to give a brief overview of [[Ordo pro Merito Melitensi]]? which I introduced being one current institution which has no recognisable name in the vernacular, & of course hoping that the subject itself is of interest to some! Thanks again & till soon [[Mabelina|M]] ::Time is lacking, but if you really want to improve the text, start by learning something about declensions & conjugations. This is your text as it stands: :::Ordo pro Merito Melitensi est ordo meritum Suprema Ordinis Melitensis (breviter S.M.O.M.) anno MCMXX condidit. Pro viris feminae non solum membrorum Æcclesiae Romanae qui sibi afferentit ut auxilioque operam det honore et decus Ordinem Melitensis retributur. Honores per decretum Summo Consilii sunt concessit motu proprio pro Magno Magistro ordinis. ::This is more or less what it's saying, with each problematic word rendered in a similarly problematic way: :::The Order for Maltese Merit is an order, a merit. The Funeral Rites of the Maltese Order (briefly S.M.O.M.) in the year MCMXX it founded. For men and a woman's not only of the limbs of the Roman Tchurtch whooch conveigheth to himself so that it might apply himself and to assistance by honor and a dignity to the Order of a Maltese is repayied. The Top of the Council has honors by decree. It granted by a motu proprio on behalf of the Grand Master of the order. ::The wrong (or extremely problematic in context) words are: :::meritum, Suprema, S.M.O.M., condidit, feminae, membrorum, Æcclesiae, qui, sibi, afferentit, auxilioque, honore, Ordinem, Melitensis, retributur, Summo, Consilii, sunt, concessit. ::That's 19 words out of 49, giving a score of 61, which on the scale I devised long ago is a –6. Even this isn't as dire as –7, which indicates that a text isn't written in Latin, though it would be hard to argue on the basis of what the text is actually saying (see the translation above) that it belongs in a published encyclopedia. Two or three times the text has (perhaps generously) been marked –5, and several times you've removed that indication, in effect asserting that the Latin is satisfactory. Let's fix that right now (inserting –6). Meanwhile, see if you can figure out what's wrong with the words listed above. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:48, 18 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :::As for which edits are "good ones to follow": almost all of them. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IaconusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:55, 18 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ::::Quotation below altered to focus on the problem: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:14, 18 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :::::Is this any better? [[Mabelina|M]] ::::::"Ordo pro Merito Melitensi conditus anno MCMXX a Ordine Supremus Militaris Melitensis (breviter S.M.O.M.). Ordinem meritorum pro viris feminisque non solum fides Ecclesiae Romanae pro honore et decus ad Ordinem Melitensis retributur. Honores concessit per decretum Supremus Consilii motu proprio pro Magno Magistro ordinis." :::::::Yes: 14 errors out of 44 words (or 15 out of 44 if you count the verb missing from the first sentence) on the proposed scale would be a –5. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:14, 18 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ::::::::Also, in the caption "Crucem pro Merito Melitensi" (not shown above), the first word is in the wrong case. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:14, 18 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :::::::::Nine days ago, [[Usor:RHaworth]] asked "How long before you learn to sign?" [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:14, 18 Septembris 2014 (UTC)<!-- ==Vide etiam== *[[Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani]] ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references /></div> ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.orderofmalta.int/der-orden-und-seine-einrichtungen/560/orden-pro-merito-melitensi/?lang=de Situs proprius,] www.orderofmalta.int {{Ling|Germanice}} [[Categoria:Melita|!]] [[Categoria:Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani|!]] [[Categoria:Constituta saeculo 20]] [[Categoria:Ordines militares]] unqte--> ==Donaldus Adamson== PS. would it be possible for you perhaps to make the appropriate correction to Donaldus Adamson just in case it might be considered vandalism by me? [[Mabelina|M]] :The system won't let me do any editing on that page. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:06, 18 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ::OK <small>[= Mabelina, commode signare nolens, 05:47, 19 Septembris 2014‎]</small> ==Ursule Mirouët== This article has only just been started & at least hasn't received a -7 Latinatus mark so, in addition to quite a few other areas where Vicipaedicia could be improved, is this going to be easy for me to do with messages such as the following! <small> {{fn|Non stipula}} Haec pagina nondum stipula est. Oportet inter 7 dies admeliorare. Paginis minimis Vicipaedicis necesse sunt: Titulus, in prima sententia litteris pinguibus repetitus Textus (e litteris 200 vel pluribus compositum) qui rem utiliter describat Nexus extra-Vicipaedianus (sive et fons bibliographicus) qui rem satis corroboret Nexus interni caerulei ex hac pagina et in hanc paginam; categoriae caeruleae (aut formula {{fn|Dubcat}}); pagina annexa apud Wikidata (aut formula {{fn|Nexus absunt}}) Aliquid maius, huic encyclopaediae congruens, e.g. textus (explicationes, historica, exempla); imago cum descriptione; nexus externi utiles plures; bibliographia.</small><br> I think a hiatus might be better than constant wrangling..? [[Mabelina|M]] <small>[= Mabelina, commode signare iam nolens, 05:47, 19 Septembris 2014‎]</small> :Statim autem adiecit commentario [[Ursule Mirouët]] hora 05:23 diei 20 Septembris 2014 priorum verborum auctor: ::Rumoris huius exploratur atque Ursule innocentiem probitate. :Forsan exemplum conaminum [[Ne falsum quidem|ne falsorum quidem]]? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:32, 20 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ==All that jazz== You raised a good point at [[Disputatio Categoriae:Musici Iaz]] but it would be better if at the same time we could make all the names agree. I see that at [[Disputatio:Jazz]] you suggested, long ago, "Iazensis musica" and cited a source. There was no follow-up, but I don't see anything better about the later alternative "Musica iazzica", so we could now go with "iazensis" as you then proposed. Or we could accept "iaz", quietly assuming that it is the notional base form of "iazensis". What would be your preference? You're our greatest musician, after all. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:44, 4 Octobris 2014 (UTC) :We were told that "z" always scans long, so a doubled "z" would imitate non-Latin orthographies and imply a weird pronunciation. Neander keeps warning about using unmarked order in lemmata. Putting these considerations together gives us ''musica iazensis'' or ''musica iazica.'' Declinable forms are always useful, and even English has ''jazzy.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 6 Octobris 2014 (UTC) ::Thanks. Then we'll rename the existing categories using "iazensis", since the single-z spelling of that word has a source (cited by you originally, I think). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:39, 6 Octobris 2014 (UTC) ==[[Comus (deus)]]== I have a feeling the first paragraph is all made up. The transvestite bit was what first made me suspect something, but actually it's hard to find any reliable source that says Comus was a god in Greek mythology. Can you find any? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:20, 3 Novembris 2014 (UTC) :Not today. Other obligations loom! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:44, 3 Novembris 2014 (UTC) ==Categoria:Conformationes terrestres ...== A while ago I was standardizing geographical categories across the world (I mean, the small world of Vicipaedia). Thinking about what kind of thing categories so named actually contained -- all sorts of geographical things that were not towns -- I renamed those that already existed to "Categoria:Res geographicae ..." and went right on and created categories under that name for all countries (for listing see [[:Categoria:Res geographicae per civitates digestae|here]]). But I didn't touch the ones you had created for single US states, because they were OK as they were and there was no reason to fiddle with them (for listing see [[:Categoria:Conformationes terrestres Civitatum Foederatarum civitate digestae|here]]). Now that you are doing some more US geographical pages, it strikes me that it might be a good idea to change these too (e.g., [[:Categoria:Conformationes terrestres Floridae]] to [[:Categoria:Res geographicae Floridae]]) and then, if you want to make new ones for the remaining US states, they could follow the same pattern. We could change the existing ones automatically, if UVbot will help. Would you object? If you have a reason for preferring "Conformationes terrestres", please say so and we can leave them as they are -- it seemed to me too long and abstract a formulation, but you might view it differently! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:36, 1 Decembris 2014 (UTC) :''Res geographicae'' is fine, but these and other permutations are sometimes too much for the little gray cells to keep straight—which is why the first thoughts that usually come to mind echo the formulations in enwiki. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:42, 1 Decembris 2014 (UTC) ::Thanks very much. Yes, I saw (or heard) the echo! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:51, 1 Decembris 2014 (UTC) :::That change is all complete now, and if you want to create further categories "Res geographicae ..." for US States that don't have them yet, by all means go ahead. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:32, 21 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) == Defaultsort == I just noticed that [[Societas Avium Cohortalium et Ovorum Civitatum Foederatarum]], one of your translations, retained the "Defaultsort" of the English page. "Defaultsorts" from an English page need to be deleted when you're translating, because they make the page file under its English name, normally wrong for us. This one made it file under "U. S. ..." although the pagename you chose (rightly I think) was "Societas ..." No one looking through the category page would understand why this title beginning with "S" was filing under "U". There is the exception of people's names -- we need defaultsorts for those, adjusted from the English ones, to make pages file under the person's surname. But other defaultsorts need to be deleted. I guess you probably know all this and it was just a slip, but I thought I'd better mention it :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:32, 21 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) == Acknowledging the source == Thanks for your comments on the Taberna. I have created formula <nowiki>{{Attributio}}</nowiki> (example of use: <nowiki>{{Attributio|fr|François Hollande}}</nowiki>) to be placed on a talk page. I have to admit this has an advantage over the summarium method in that it links automatically to the history page of the original. And it is quick. So, anyway, as they say in American restaurants, enjoy! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:36, 30 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) == Encouraging redlinks to go blue == Here's another thing I hope you may enjoy using. The new formula <nowiki>{{Creanda}}</nowiki> should be very little trouble and would help potential translators to get to work. When translating from en:, instead of simply making links which you know will be red, consider using this formula. Instead of * <nowiki>[[Collegium Amherstianum]]</nowiki> -- or * <nowiki>[[Collegium Amherstianum|Collegio Amherstiano]]</nowiki> you write * <nowiki>{{Creanda|en|Amherst College|Collegium Amherstianum}}</nowiki> -- or * <nowiki>{{Creanda|en|Amherst College|Collegium Amherstianum|Collegio Amherstiano}}</nowiki> I admit it's longer, but you have that name "Amherst College" in your text already, so it's not ''much'' longer. The result is this: * {{Creanda|en|Amherst College|Collegium Amherstianum|Collegio Amherstiano}} It gives your reader a handy link to the English page, from which the said reader could start creating a Latin page. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:50, 30 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) :OK, I'll make an experiment of it, but I'm hard-pressed for time today (and for probably much of the year). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:59, 30 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) ::The extra "(en)" makes it look cumbersome, and it doesn't link to the English page: it links to an editing box. See [[Regio Antarctica]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:15, 30 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) :::I see: you have to click on "(en)" to get the interwiki link. Interesting, but too much for tomorrow's contributions. Surely not needed for Linnaean names? Maybe to be used just here & there? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:18, 30 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) ::::Exactly. I agree, with Linnaean names it's hardly worth the trouble. The most useful occasions would be (a) if you think creation is "urgent", (b) if (because the Latin name is a translation) it might be difficult to find the relevant page on another Wikipedia. I notice you sometimes include an original name in hidden text in such cases. Instead of doing that, you could now think of using this method. ::::As you already see, if you wanted to turn any existing redlinks into this form, you simply change the final <nowiki>]]</nowiki> to <nowiki>}}</nowiki> and change the initial <nowiki>[[</nowiki> to <nowiki>{{Creanda|en|Englishpagename|</nowiki>. ::::After the new page has been created and the internal link goes blue, it's easy for a bot to turn these formulae into ordinary bluelinks. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:46, 31 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) == A devil == It might amuse you to know that [[Gerardus Depardieu]], one of your tax rebels, started out in life as a printer's devil. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:37, 1 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :I'm easily amused. ;) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:38, 1 Februarii 2015 (UTC) == Nondum stipula? == Iacobe, cur commentationem de [[Concilium climaticum Cancuniense|Concilio climatico Cancuniensi]] "nondum stipulam" esse notasti? Velim causam exactam indices, nam ex rerum "ameliorandarum" indice non satis bene apparet causa tantae severitatis. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 14:40, 3 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :Pagina <!--nexu extra-Vicipaediano (sive et fonte bibilographico),--> categoria caerulea et "aliquo maiore" caret. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:50, 3 Februarii 2015‎ (UTC) ::Haec nuper videns categorias (quas alii corrigere possunt!) et imaginem (= aliquid maius) addo. Fontem iam observo in nota subiuncta positum. Igitur formulam removi: an recte feci? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:10, 3 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::Recte fecisti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:50, 3 Februarii 2015‎ (UTC) ::::Gratias ago ambobus, quia Christiana Figueres (cuius imago per serendipitiam repperi) [[Vicipaedia:Feminae 3000|feminam celebrandam]] mihi videtur. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:26, 3 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :The example of [[Steganographia]], which you supplied at [[Disputatio Formulae:Non stipula]]) possibly shows the unwisdom of allowing "non annexa" pages to linger on for years (because that will be why nobody ever saw that page till now). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:58, 4 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::I probably noticed its entry in Categoria:Cryptographia when I was translating [[Alanus Turing]], but I don't recall whether I read its text. Can Vicipaedia's machinery generate a list of who reads (or at least opens!) a given article? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:55, 4 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::The US and UK governments probably could. Let's ask them :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:23, 4 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :I said so in that discussion, while knowing all the time that quite a lot of the "Non annexae" pages are your creations ... But I think it possible that the problem of the "non annexae" ''taxonomic'' pages could be solved by a bot, which could possibly put a ''Vide etiam'' on the nearest available higher taxonomic node. That's what I do, without wasting more time on reflection, when I see such pages, but, possibly, a bot could do it quicker! We might ask a friendly bot owner about that ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:58, 4 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::Hmm. That's not an ideal fix, but it'd indeed annexify all but a handful of the unannexed pages I've created (and some that others, including perhaps [is it] Hendricus under multiple anonymous IPs, have created), and it'd be much quicker than the progress I've been making along those lines, so it seems like a good plan. However, so I could continue improving the lot by hand, would there be a way of generating a list of something like "taxonomically ranked plants & animals not linked to an item at the next-higher taxonomic rank"? (I.e., species not linked to a genus, genera not linked to a family, and so on.) That might generate some surprises! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:55, 4 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::I say hmm too ... Dunno. I don't run a bot myself, we'd have to ask Anne or UV perhaps. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:23, 4 Februarii 2015 (UTC) == Translated? == I think you were mistaken to say that [[Annecium]] is translated from French: I started it, and the history suggests it has just gradually developed from there (and hasn't reached very far yet!) Did you have a special reason for thinking that? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:18, 8 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :Misreading <nowiki>{{Link FA|fr}}</nowiki> as a link to the page? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:24, 8 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::What does a link to the page have to do with it? A link to another wiki would most often mean the creator of the page is a tiro, but it doesn't in itself mean the page is a translation. To know that, I guess you'd have to ask the writer, or, if you really suspect copyright violation, compare the texts. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:30, 9 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::It's what the anonymous contributor did and continues to do, even today, just as I'd been doing for years. The likeliest default interpretation is that the link indicates the source of the text, not some random link that the author chose so as to tease the custodians of history. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:21, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::::It had that special meaning to you, as you explained elsewhere, but generally it would mean that the contributor just hasn't learned to use Wikidata yet. We can't just assume that someone else is translating from any particular source: if they are, ''they'' should acknowledge. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:54, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::::The anonymous user's IP number suggests the contributor could be our Swiss montagnard. Ask him? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:58, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::::::See, for example, the histories of wiki citations in the first published versions of [[Autrêches‎‎]], [[Avilly-Saint-Léonard‎‎]], [[Avrigny]], [[Babœuf‎‎]], [[Bachivillers‎‎]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:05, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::::::Wait! The magic wikidata robot has already come by and wiped out the evidence. One has to be quick! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:05, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::::::::That is all between you, Helveticus, and the anonymous IP. Doesn't interest me a whit :=) Let's just acknowledge our own translations, we don't need to guess at other people's. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:27, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::::::::I was following your suggestion at [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#What's to be done with people]] to "start a talk page with <nowiki>{{Attributio||}}</nowiki>." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:23, 18 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::::::::::If you re-read, you'll see that your question there was about "people unfamiliar with wikipedia (perhaps in any language) who in good faith contribute translated articles without the acknowledgment discussed above". We ''do'' really have to look out for misguided copyright violation. Nothing to do with this. If you want to worry about the origin of these short stubs about French communes -- far too short to have any relevance to copyright issues -- you're a free man and can worry about it all you like, but it doesn't have anything to do with a suggestion of mine. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:21, 18 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::I often add things (especially bibliographic data),† adjust the structure, move images around, and so forth. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:21, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::::†For example, just last night I translated an article from the English wiki that doesn't cite any of the published biographies of the subject, so I added those in, all three of them. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:27, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) I hadn't realised you'd written about [[Omnia|everything]]. That's it, then. We can all go home now! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:36, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) == Non stipula == When you add "Non stipula" to a page, I think it's important not to mark the edit as "minor". It could be a final warning for the page, so to speak. The more Vicipaedians who are aware of it, the better. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:39, 24 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :... but, in case I haven't said so clearly enough, I'm very much in favour of this work. We have many pages that ought either to be improved or deleted, and you are finding them. I am rescuing some, but selecting the ones that seem to matter more :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:17, 27 Februarii 2015 (UTC) == [[Universitas Gonzagae]] == I removed the hidden text you had added to this page. # In one case (the Association of Jesuit Universities) I think there are two better ways to do what you did with hidden text: (a) adding the English name visibly, in parentheses, in italics; (b) adding the English name with the Latin names in a "Creanda" formula, as we discussed a little way above. That's the way I chose in this case. # In the other two cases, there was a link in the text, which you followed with a suggested link in hidden text, marked "melius". I don't see why, if we think something is simply better, we wouldn't do it for real. Hidden text is only seen by the small minority of readers who open an edit window. So most readers won't see what you think is "melius", and those few who do see it will not know who it was who thought something else was "melius", or why he thought it, or, if he thought it, why he didn't do it. And I am one of those; so I just removed your hidden text in those two cases, not knowing its purpose. I think there are a very few cases where hidden text may be useful to all (usually when it says "Don't break this formula"). Those cases aside, I'd say in general adding hidden text to a page you're working on is fine, ''if you afterwards remember to remove it''. If you forget to remove it, or if you add it to a page that someone else is working on, I'd say it's usually a nuisance, because some other Wikipedian then has the job of removing it. Maybe you disagree -- I know you add hidden text often. Anyway, since I think it's generally a nuisance, and I happened to know this is a page on which new Vicipaedians are working (see my talk page) I removed it quickly from this page because I thought it set a bad example. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:53, 27 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :Hidden text is for editors, not readers. In [[Universitas Gonzagae]], I've now unhidden it by applying the creanda to the rest of the links. To my eyes, the "(en)" doesn't help the readability. ¶ That's a good point about marking texts "m" in coniunction with "Non stipula," but the well-trained fingers sometimes forget. Long ago, when I created [[Cultura]], Vicipaedia's longest page and surely one of the longest pages in all of Wikilandia, those fingers marked it "m" (an option no longer available at the creation of pages). ¶ Busy today. . . . [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:32, 27 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::Thanks for your change to Universitas Gonzagae. I think that's a good solution, [but I've removed some less relevant/less helpful links.] ::I see what you mean about the legibility in formula:Creanda. Some wikis using a similar formula deal with this by making the (en) a superscript ^[en] like a footnote reference. Might that help? We can easily vary the format. ::Believe me, I know how easy it is to mark a major edit as minor, though I never yet did it with anything quite as major as [[Cultura]]. :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:29, 27 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ==To amuse you== Since you noticed a French commune with 8 inhabitants -- and I guess it will have pages in 25 Wikipedias, i.e. 3+ pages per inhabitant -- you might like to laugh over the fact that an English village ([[Broad Chalke]] in Wiltshire) with about 700 inhabitants, a 1000-year history and several famous past residents was represented on only 3 Wikipedias, till I added a Latin page today. And that's not unusual -- I have found many similar cases while gradually adding English towns and villages. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:01, 12 Martii 2015 (UTC) :And then I could have named a city of 3 million inhabitants still lacking a Vicipaedia page, [[:en:Surabaya]]. There may well be others. It's lucky Vicipaedia is a work in progress! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:18, 13 Martii 2015 (UTC) ::The biggest might be [[:en:Shenzhen]], with ten million! [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 16:16, 13 Martii 2015 (UTC) :::If we covered the world with as much thoroughness as we cover French & Italian hamlets, we'd have hundreds of thousands of articles from East and South Asia! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 13 Martii 2015 (UTC) ::::According to the National League of [US] Cities, the United States are the home of about 20,000 municipal governments, with an average of about 15,000 people each. Extending that proportion worldwide would imply the existence of about 500,000 municipal governments. Throw in the hamlets and we'd be swimming in articles! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:45, 13 Martii 2015 (UTC) ==Non stipula? Quod mihi facendum est?== Salve, vidi [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Declinatio_prima_linguae_graecae_antiquae&curid=234714&diff=2867421&oldid=2867416 recensionem] tuam... quod facendum est mihi? ''Hi, I've seen your edit... what should I do?'''--[[Usor:Toadino2|<span style="color:grey">''Toadino2''</span><span style="color:red">''日本''</span>]] [[Disputatio usoris:Toadino2|<span style="color:green">Velisne</span><span style="color:grey"> theam</span><span style="color:red">fungi sapore?</span>]] 12:12, 7 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) :Vide titulum: ::Titulus, in prima sententia litteris pinguibus repetitus : '''OK.''' ::Textus (e litteris 200 vel pluribus compositum) qui rem utiliter describat. '''OK''' ::Nexus extra-Vicipaedianus (sive et fons bibliographicus) qui rem satis corroboret : '''CARET''' ::Nexus interni caerulei ex hac pagina et in hanc paginam; : '''CARENT?''' ::categoriae caeruleae (aut formula <nowiki>{{Dubcat}}); pagina annexa apud Wikidata (aut formula {{Nexus absunt}}</nowiki>) : '''???''' ::Aliquid maius, : '''OK.''' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:20, 7 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) :::Ok :) expediam. Gratias ago!--[[Usor:Toadino2|<span style="color:grey">''Toadino2''</span><span style="color:red">''日本''</span>]] [[Disputatio usoris:Toadino2|<span style="color:green">Velisne</span><span style="color:grey"> theam</span><span style="color:red">fungi sapore?</span>]] 12:29, 7 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) ::::Expedies? Menses habes sex. :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:32, 7 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) :::::Sed... cur exspectaturus sum, si nunc expedire possum? ;) --[[Usor:Toadino2|<span style="color:grey">''Toadino2''</span><span style="color:red">''日本''</span>]] [[Disputatio usoris:Toadino2|<span style="color:green">Velisne</span><span style="color:grey"> theam</span><span style="color:red">fungi sapore?</span>]] 17:51, 7 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) ::::::Addidi categoriam ac nexus, at fontes non invenio (in pagina e qua traduxi non sunt)... --[[Usor:Toadino2|<span style="color:grey">''Toadino2''</span><span style="color:red">''日本''</span>]] [[Disputatio usoris:Toadino2|<span style="color:green">Velisne</span><span style="color:grey"> theam</span><span style="color:red">fungi sapore?</span>]] 18:55, 8 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) :::::::Fontes inveni et addidi. Lectoribus nostris (ut mihi videtur) utilius est fontes Latinos citare si possumus. Hoc autem casu artes grammaticae Graecae, Latine divulgatae, appellaverunt "primam ''et'' secundam declinationes" illam quam nos hodie "primam" nuncupamus. Propter hanc rationem fontem Anglicum insuper addidi, recentiorem, cuius terminologia cum tua consonat. :::::::Iacobus noster recte fontem vel bibliographiam postulavit. Regula apud Wikipedias omnes est "Wikipedia non est fons fidelis". Ad notabilitatem et fidelitatem comprobandas necesse est fontem externum (aut plures) citare -- id quod paginas nostras lectoribus utiliores reddit. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:03, 9 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) ::::::::Ago gratias tibi quoque! --[[Usor:Toadino2|<span style="color:grey">''Toadino2''</span><span style="color:red">''日本''</span>]] [[Disputatio usoris:Toadino2|<span style="color:green">Velisne</span><span style="color:grey"> theam</span><span style="color:red">fungi sapore?</span>]] 15:00, 9 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) ==Translating the interface in your language, we need your help== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello IacobusAmor, thanks for working on this wiki in your language. [http://laxstrom.name/blag/2015/02/19/prioritizing-mediawikis-translation-strings/ We updated the list of priority translations] and I write you to let you know. The language used by this wiki (or by you in your preferences) needs [[translatewiki:Translating:Group_statistics|about 100 translations or less]] in the priority list. You're almost done!<!-- [[Image:Translatewiki.net logo.svg|frame|link=translatewiki:|{{int:translateinterface}}]]--> Please [[translatewiki:Special:MainPage|register on translatewiki.net]] if you didn't yet and then '''[[translatewiki:Special:Translate/core-0-mostused|help complete priority translations]]''' (make sure to select your language in the language selector). With a couple hours' work or less, you can make sure that nearly all visitors see the wiki interface fully translated. [[User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 14:06, 26 Aprilis 2015 (UTC)</div><!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meta:Sandbox&oldid=12031713 --> ==Thanks== Thank you for your attention to [[Academia Scientiarum Utilium]]. I hadn't realised a little edit war was going on! I think Giorno2 has got the idea now, but I'll watch the page. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:51, 21 Maii 2015 (UTC) :If it had been reverted once more, I'd have asked about it in Taberna. Maybe putting the attribution into the text is the way they do it in the Esperanto wiki; for most readers, it probably looks like mere clutter. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 10:37, 21 Maii 2015 (UTC) == [[Crimes of the Heart]] == Tibi gratias ago causa relecturae istae paginae! Vale! [[Usor:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Rei Momo|disputatio]]) 11:55, 25 Maii 2015 (UTC) == De lexico ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok'' == Salve! Thanks for your emendations on the ''[[Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok]]''. Just one questions: as you may have noticed, I referred twice to the preface of the book in the ''Notae''. Couldn't they also count as ''fontes'', because aren't they technically extra-Vicipaedian sources? [[Usor:Φιλέτυμος|Φιλέτυμος]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Φιλέτυμος|disputatio]]) 15:04, 29 Maii 2015 (UTC) == Thanks == ... for glancing over the d. w. E. m. prime ministers. You always spot something to improve! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:21, 1 Iunii 2015 (UTC) == [[Venceslaus I (rex Bohemiae)]] == Hi, [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venceslaus_I_%28rex_Bohemiae%29&diff=next&oldid=2901886 you asked] what "Grapilziensi" means. It is not "Grapilziensi", but two incomplete words. Whole legend would be WENCEZLAUS DEI GRA(tia) PILZIENSI(s et Budissens)IS DUX. Salve --[[Usor:Silesianus|Silesianus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Silesianus|disputatio]]) 14:18, 10 Iunii 2015 (UTC) :OK. Thanks! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:53, 10 Iunii 2015 (UTC) == ISBNs == Hi, Iacobe. Why do you take out the hyphens from ISBNs? They are irrelevant to machines, but I think they are useful to human eyes because they distinguish elements of distinct meaning and make the number easier to grasp -- and we are writing for humans. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:12, 15 Iunii 2015 (UTC) :(1) The Library of Congress doesn't use [http://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=1141&recCount=25&recPointer=22&bibId=16023163 them?] (2) They're typographically inefficient? (3) Almost nobody reads bibliographies & footnotes? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:08, 16 Iunii 2015 (UTC) ::Hmm. 3 seems to be an argument for not bothering with bibliographies at all rather than for copyediting them, but, as it happens, I disagree on it anyway. I also disagree on 2. In general we don't follow the model of library catalogues in our bibliographies, so, although I don't dispute 1 (and thanks for the link!), I don't see it as strongly relevant. OK, I'll ask at the Taberna in case anyone else has a comment. ::Melius erit regulam apud nos constituere ne editores futuri inutiliter labores aliorum mutent. De legibilitate, non de utilitate automatica, disputatur: apud machinas 0-19-860617-8 et 0198606178 idem sonant. Forma punctuata saepius in libris ipsis videtur (nisi fallor), forma soluta in catalogis bibliothecarum. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:20, 16 Iunii 2015 (UTC) == [[Belavia]] &c == I have nearly completed a project whose aim is to make sure we have biographies of all current heads of state and lists of their predecessors. The last area I have to deal with is Oceania. At [[Duces civitatum Australianarum et Pacificarum hodiernarum]] the navboxes I still have to complete are listed but I'd be really pleased if you would look at the names of countries and pronounce (Oceania being an area of your expertise!) on whether the names we are using are ideal. I'm especially doubtful about Palau, which we seem to call Belavia, but I don't know why. Should we be happy with that name? (I notice that the adjective "palauensis" exists in taxonomy.) If we want to change, now's the time. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:01, 22 Augusti 2015 (UTC) :Since you haven't replied, maybe the name Belavia is a mystery to you too! The creator of the page was Rolandus, a figure from our past, but no sign of where he got the name from. Anyway, I've asked on the Taberna in case anyone can shed light on it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:54, 9 Septembris 2015 (UTC) ::My encyclopedia was advised by indigenous people to write "Palau (Belau)." There seemed to be some feeling that ''Belau'' should be used by native speakers of Palauan, but foreigners should say ''Palau.'' Indeed, the latter fits better with the phonology of many Oceanic languages (including the Polynesian ones, which have no /b/). This ''Belavia'' looks to be derived from ''Belau,'' but what's the source of the Latin? Presumably the Vatican would know. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:08, 9 Septembris 2015 (UTC) :::It's odd to say that all natives should say one thing and all foreigners another :) ::::The situation with Ivory Coast is more drastic: the country advised my publisher that ''Côte d'Ivoire'' was the only acceptable spelling <small>IN ENGLISH.</small> The publisher complied, and so does the [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2846.htm U.S. Department of State.] [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:29, 9 Septembris 2015 (UTC) :::::Yes, I fear oddity stretches far beyond Palau. Though "Myanmar" is officially preferred as spelling, how many know how to pronounce it? And indeed, how many casual speakers can get close to ''Côte d'Ivoire'' (French, Canadian or Ivorian accent) or to ''Timor Leste'' (Portuguese, Brazilian or Timorian)? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:39, 9 Septembris 2015 (UTC) :::I found no source at all for "Belavia", not even apostolic, but if there really is one, of course we could follow it. Otherwise "Palau" seems to be practically universal in the Wikipedias, so we had probably better follow that trend. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:19, 9 Septembris 2015 (UTC) == Eduardus Augustus Schneider ‎ == The phrase I am looking to translate is "flew like a bird from coast to coast" can you translate it for me? Is there the equivalent of "template:infobox person", all I see is one for presidents. --[[Usor:Richard Arthur Norton (1958- )|Richard Arthur Norton (1958- )]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Richard Arthur Norton (1958- )|disputatio]]) 19:03, 1 Septembris 2015 (UTC) :Sorry to intrude! I added the infobox. It draws on Wikidata and needs no parameters here. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:26, 1 Septembris 2015 (UTC) == Categories for people by cities of birth == We've discussed this briefly, long ago, and I know it's a possibility that is still in your mind. In mine too. In fact we've both done it -- you for Bostonians, me for Monemutenses. The question is, should we do it wholesale? I shied off not because of any rooted opposition but (a) because of the amount of labour involved, (b) because we haven't yet got articles about enough cities, or verified their Latin names. But, meanwhile, technology overtaking us, it could now be largely done by a bot. This information (where someone was born) is stored at Wikidata, from which a bot could extract it to add the appropriate category to each biography on Vicipaedia. If we ''afterwards'' correct or verify a Latin name, a bot could probably change the category name to match. We would need to make some decisions: the form of category name (it would have to be something that could be applied automatically); whether it covers all cities and towns and villages down to the smallest, or, if not, where it stops; and whether we take over the bot-produced result to make our own changes and additions afterwards, or leave it permanently automatic. Does this seem to you worth discussion? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:06, 1 Octobris 2015 (UTC) :My default ideal has always been to follow the English wiki, so generally, I'd accept categories for cities (and surely Boston & New York would meet anybody's criteria for having enough wikified inhabitants)—but if bots can do it, so much the better. Discussion is better placed in the Taberna. Meanwhile, I have categories to bluify—but then we see in the disputatio for [[Erich Polz]] an implication that German and Germanic ‎‎are the same languages, and then we see that my edits in [[Ocelum Genuensium]] have just been reverted, restoring the blank sections and putting the Notae below the Nexus externi. (Maybe the Italian-hamlet style won't distract overmuch if it's confined to the peninsula and can be kept from infecting other lands.) As Roseanne Roseannadanna used to say, "It's always something!" [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:18, 1 Octobris 2015 (UTC) ::You're right, we could transfer to the Taberna. The problem with city, internationally, is the lack of an international definition: in French for example both town and city are ''ville'' ... I'm not sure what's best. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:08, 1 Octobris 2015 (UTC) :::Meanwhile my project for next year (having done enough world politicians for the time being) is to improve our coverage of world cities, I mean, those with considerably more than 12 inhabitants. This will as a side-effect confirm a whole lot of names which could then be applied to city-of-origin categories. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:46, 20 Novembris 2015 (UTC) ::::That will most definitely be helpful. Btw, when you get to North American settlements, you'll find that many kinds of them—cities, towns, townships, boroughs, unincorporated locations, and so forth—have exquisitely precise definitions in the law. "Independent cities" (e.g., [[:en:Fairfax, Virginia|Fairfax, Virginia]]) may be located wholly within counties but are legally outside them. Correlating Latin terms with local concepts could sometimes be problematic. I've already added [[Oppidum Novae Angliae]], a particular kind of town. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:26, 20 Novembris 2015 (UTC) I'm about to create a few categories of this kind as examples. When those few exist, I'll ask for comments and possible adjustments before doing any more. Your comments will be eagerly awaited. Watch this space ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:55, 27 Iunii 2017 (UTC) :OK, but my neighbors and I might be distracted for a couple of weeks—because the circus is coming to town! (http://www.festival.si.edu/2017/circus-arts/smithsonian) Expect a few new circus-themed articles! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:43, 27 Iunii 2017 (UTC) ::I have created some categories for [[:Categoria:Homines per urbes digesti]]. You can see them all there, mostly new, but including some miscellaneous ones that you, I and others had created already. They are worded "Incolae Romae" etc. Corresponding categories on other wikis are usually worded in English "People from Rome", in German "Person (Rom)", in French "Personnalité liée à Rome", etc. ::I suggest that we follow a guideline of ensuring there is a category for the city (creating it if necessary) before creating a category for "Incolae" of the city. That way, we can be sure that the same name is used and that the categories will be easy to find. ::I am building them up by incorporating subcategories for ::* people who have taught in the city, see [[:Categoria:Professores universitatum et scholarum per urbes digesti]] (German wiki normally has subcategories matching these, English only occasionally) ::* people who have studied in the city, see [[:Categoria:Alumni universitatum et scholarum per urbes digesti]] (other wikis generally don't have this subcategory, but may include these people randomly) ::* bishops and local politicians etc. (English and other wikis do this similarly) ::It would be possible ''either'' to create subcategories for people who were born in the city and who died in it (French and some other wikis have done this systematically, see [[:fr:Catégorie:Décès à Rome]] and [[:fr:Catégorie:Naissance à Rome]]), or simply to include all such people directly as "Incolae" without subcategories. Do you have any thoughts about that? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:19, 6 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::: I wonder whether it is worth the effort to manually maintain "born-in-this-city" and "died-in-this-city" categories. Wikidata can give the answer if needed: here are two quick-and-dirty queries for [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?psid=1153220 people with an article on Vicipaedia that were born in Marseille] and for [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?psid=1153221 people with an article on Vicipaedia that died in Marseille]. (Note that these queries are quick-and-dirty in the sense that they currently only show persons for which Wikidata specifies they were born/died in "Marseille" itself, and currently do not show persons for which Wikidata specifies they were born in parts of Marseille, e. g. in the "2nd arrondissement of Marseille" - but it would probably not be too difficult to adapt the queries to include at least some parts of the territorial entity as well.) --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 20:04, 6 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::::Thanks for commenting, UV, I had a feeling you would notice this discussion. Your point about the use of Wikidata is important, and your example searches are very interesting. Given that only a few readers will use CatScan queries directly, are you thinking that we could and should persuade a bot to use Wikidata to produce born-in-city and died-in-city categories? (I imagine that the French wikipedia did this.) ::::A major question is, how reliable would that information be? I had noticed that Wikidata sometimes gives a place of birth or death that is either more specific (a district or even a building) or more vague (a province) than we would like. Also, naturally, Wikidata sometimes takes an apparently false place of birth or death from a Wikipedia that happened to have inaccurate information. The false and too-vague data should eventually be improved on Wikidata, and in that case would eventually be corrected in a bot-produced category. On the other hand, as you say, the query used by the bot would have to be shaped as well as possible to deal with over-specific data, because such data will probably increase: general policy on Wikidata seems to favour it. ::::My current feeling is that in spite of imperfections it ''would'' be useful to create these two subcategories automatically for those cities for which we have an "Incolae" category (probably a growing number). This would save manual labour, while still leaving us free to add the simple "Incolae" category directly on pages for people who didn't study or teach or come into the world or die in the city, but notably lived and worked there. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:21, 7 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::::: You are right that Wikidata encourages the use of very specific places of birth and death (e.g. hospital or road or urban district over city), and you are absolutely right that information on Wikidata is sometimes inaccurate and sometimes vandalized (just like information on Vicipaedia or any other wikipedia). ::::: I have no objections at all against an "Incolae" category for people who notably lived and/or notably worked in a city. ::::: It would surely be possible for a bot to produce and to update born-in-city and died-in-city categories, using information from wikidata. I, however, do not have the time to do this myself, and furthermore I am not sure whether such bot-generated and bot-maintained categories are the way we should go. ::::: We might, however, consider creating a template that we could use on our "Incolae" categories and that provides two links very similar to the two links above: one link to the query for people born here and another link to the query for people who died here – either as a first step towards such categories or as a replacement for such categories. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:57, 7 Iulii 2017 (UTC) :For the record: I've gone to the circus and shall have no time for a few days. ¶ Too bad an encyclopedia can't always distinguish between a (legal) residence and a domicile. For example, a US citizen can be a resident of one state (for the purposes of voting, paying taxes, getting a driver's license, and being counted in the census) while spending most of his or her time (that is, "living") in another. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 01:17, 8 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::Well, yes, an encyclopedia can make such distinctions in footnote-supported text. I can imagine citing news reports about British and European politicians who notably don't seem to live where they claim to, or seem to live in several places at the same time. Wikipedia categories, though, don't help in such cases: they are ON/OFF, and you can't footnote them. ::I take UV's point. Perhaps the suggested template is a better idea. Although I see some value in the well-stocked born-in and died-in categories available on French wiki, I must admit that it is a limited value. The fact that I was born in Liverpool isn't notable to me or to anyone else -- the hospital happened to be in Liverpool -- and there are many other such cases. When writing short political biographies I say where the subjects grew up whenever it differs from the place where they were born: the place where they grew up, and the places where they studied and worked, are significant in their lives. Analogously, an "Incolae" category that editors have chosen to add in each case will have greater value than a born-in or died-in category. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:32, 8 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::: I have made a start – see [[Formula:Incolae urbis]], [[:Categoria:Incolae Berolini]] and [[:Categoria:Massilia]]. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 22:50, 8 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::::Neat, but there's one problem, I think. It didn't strike me before. These queries result in a list of Wikidata pages that contain links to Vicipaedia pages. OK, but Wikidata pages are user-unfriendly: most readers would not understand how to get back to Vicipaedia from there. Is it possible to make queries resulting in a direct list of Vicipaedia pages? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:18, 9 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::::: Good idea, I have changed the queries accordingly. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 12:19, 9 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::::: … and I have now improved the queries: They should now include people born in hospitals, urban districts etc. as well. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 15:26, 9 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ==[[Lympha]]== Iacobus, how are you? Would it be possible to ask what you find incomprehensible or grammatically wrong? Thank you for your time in advance.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:01, 20 Novembris 2015 (UTC) == Projected "supplementum" space == Please, Iacobe, if you have any further ideas or comments -- positive or negative -- chime in at [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:Spatium supplementorum]]. Thanks! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:32, 25 Novembris 2015 (UTC) == [[Geometria]] == Hello, a few months ago you uncommented a section in [[Geometria]] about axioms. Do you happen to know what axiom system it is? They're not the ancient Euclidean axioms, nor the more modern axioms of affine (or projective) geometry. If they're some unknown system, I'd like to replace them. [[Usor:Bavo C. Jozef|Bavo C. Jozef]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bavo C. Jozef|disputatio]]) 19:38, 30 Novembris 2015 (UTC) == Categories == Hi, Iacobe. I realise I was deleting redlink categories the same day you were creating categories. If I deleted any that you were about to turn blue, revert me without a qualm. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:25, 17 Decembris 2015 (UTC) :That's OK. I'd intended to do the categories soon after adding the articles, but they must have slipped through the cracks. I've recently been working my way through categories for the batch added on 30 November, and am about halfway through. Unfortunately, this is a busy time of year. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:28, 17 Decembris 2015 (UTC) ::Then I'll leave the rest a bit longer. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 22:04, 17 Decembris 2015 (UTC) == de sepia vel saepia == Salve Iacobe. Certe recte scripsisti ''sepia'' pro ''saepia''. Sed animadvertimus Plinium Maiorem pluriens'' saepiam'' scribere et Ciceronem in sua ''Natura deorum'' l. c. in editione Teuberiana item de ''saepia'' agere. Qua de causa ''saepiam'' vocabulum non plane falsum iudicandum esse egoquidem puto. Vale. --[[Usor:Bavarese|Bavarese]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bavarese|disputatio]]) 15:18, 20 Decembris 2015 (UTC) : Sinete, o amici, me intervenire sermoni. Equidem puto ''saepiam'' hypercorrectismum esse, quo librarii medii aevi usi sunt. De Plinio quidem nihil certi nunc dicere audeo, utrum hic hypercorrectismus ex ipsius an ex editoris manuscripta deteriora secuti calamo ortus sit. Quod attinet ad Ciceronem (''Nat.deor.'' 2.127), solum in editione Plasbergiana (Teubner, 1917) ''saepiae'' scriptum esse videtur, quamquam editionem Axianam (Teubner, 1933) consulere nequivi. Ceteris in editionibus ''sepiae'' scriptum est. Praesertim editionem Josephi B.Mayor dico auctoritate gravem, quem H.Rackham secutus est in editione Loebiana (1933). [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 19:35, 20 Decembris 2015 (UTC) ::Probe dixistis, amici, ac scitote nos in dicione immortalis [[Linnaeus|Linnaei]] hic habitare, qui nomen ut videtur ''sepia'' scripsit. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:31, 20 Decembris 2015 (UTC) ::@Neander: Salve. Quid scriptum sit in editione Axiana anni 1961 (sc. in editione stereotypica editionis secundae 1933), cognitum habeo: ''saepiae'', ut scripsi. In apparatu critico nullam invenio adnotationem pertinentem ad hanc rem. Sed non affirmo vocabulum ''saepia'' propabilius esse quam ''sepia''. Immo - immortalis Linnaei praesidio - non mediocriter sum miratus legens ''saepia'', non ''sepia''. Valete. -[[Usor:Bavarese|Bavarese]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bavarese|disputatio]]) 21:51, 20 Decembris 2015 (UTC) {{Iubilaeum Vicipaedianorum}} [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:52, 1 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) == Non stipula == I found the page you wanted: [[Usor:Amahoney/Non stipula]]. The ones that have been marked for longest are at the bottom of the page. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:27, 6 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :A useful list!—but apparently not updated in almost half a year. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:44, 6 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) ::Perhaps the winter break would be a good time to ask for an update. :) Also useful, however, is [[Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Formula:Non_stipula]], which I think is in order of page creation. I've deleted a few recently, but only those which I thought might never rise to stipula status. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 15:48, 6 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :::I've done a few too, similar cases, tagged much longer ago than six months. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:49, 6 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) ::::Quite a few them—[[Ahura Mazda]], [[Aphrodite]], and all other major godlike entities; [[Apostolus]] and all other consequential religious & philosophical terms; [[Carcharhiniformes]] and all other taxonomic terms at and above the level of [[ordo (taxinomia)|ordo]]; [[Perotinus]] and all other historically indispendable composers, artists, and so on—are impossible for any respectable encyclopedia not to have and probably therefore shouldn't be deleted. Trivia like [[My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic]] and out-of-the-way hamlets not so much! (Insert arguments about notability here.) Maybe there should have been a category like "non stipula, but must not be deleted" for those. Just kidding! A proliferation of these formulas may not be a good idea. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:05, 6 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :::::Well, we have the choice: either add non stipula, or add a cogent sentence and a source! It doesn't take much. But it's time to do one or the other, surely. A ten-word article about a major topic does us no more credit than the absence of an article. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:13, 6 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) In case you hadn't noticed this, [[Usor:Amahoney/Non stipula|Anne's list]] has now been updated. Earliest at the foot of the page. Hence, indirectly, Jondel's message on my talk page today. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:27, 27 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) == Losing articles == Wikipedia cannot afford to lose articles for silly reasons. If you see the grammar is poor, then you yourself should fix it instead of putting a deletion tag on it. [[Usor:Philmonte101|Philmonte101]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Philmonte101|disputatio]]) 23:28, 11 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :Take it up with [[usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]], who invented the augenda formula, and [[usor:UV|UV]], who imposed the pessima formula. It isn't an article: the augenda formula tells you what it lacks and, if it's to survive, what it needs. Meanwhile, if you care to save it, you might want to improve the text, which at the moment stands thus, with a literal English translation: ::'''North Coast Inland Trail''' (Anglice) est et sternet sibi Ohium. ::There is (in English) the '''North Coast Inland Trail''' and it shall stretch Ohio out for itself. :That's the likeliest syntax that makes the grammar of the whole text work. Of course, variants of vocabulary are available: for example, "it overthrows Ohio for itself" (but that and others are even more bizarre than the one given above); also, ''se sternere'' is an idiom meaning 'to lie down', but "it shall lie down, Ohio" leaves Ohio unexplained, unless Ohio is undertaking the action: ::There is (in English) the '''North Coast Inland Trail''' and Ohio shall lie down. :Was the original a machine translation? If so, you see, via literal English glosses of it, why machine translations are generally deprecated. For the question of how long impossible texts may survive, see various discussions in the Taberna, where talk is often in English so it may have the widest possible audience. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:19, 12 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) ::I wasn't directly involved in the point that Philmonte101 raised, because I didn't put the "Delenda" tag on the article. Mine was the "Augenda", which says approx. "improve within three months". But, to be frank, I was being generous and optimistic. If an article consists of 10 words (4 in English, untranslated, and 4 which don't seem to make sense) Vicipaedia ''can'' afford to lose it. It would be easier all round to delete it and start again. Hence I think "Delenda" was a practical solution. But if Philmonte101 wants to improve the article (there was no sign of that initially), that's even better. ::Hmm ... afterthought ... I'm no oracle, but does the "101" by any chance imply "US student beginning Latin"? If there's a class that wants to work here, we can happily work along with that and help. The teacher just needs to speak up, and we can discuss. Articles can be marked {{fn|In progressu}} "please leave alone -- work in progress" or {{fn|Succurre}} "please help". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:43, 12 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :::A North American beginner's attempt, especially if guided by a teacher, is likelier to have the syntax of ::::'''X''' est res in Ohio. :::That it doesn't here could be suggestive. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:21, 12 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) ::::I'm not a student of Latin. In fact I honestly don't know much Latin at all. [[Usor:Philmonte101|Philmonte101]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Philmonte101|disputatio]]) 00:38, 15 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :::::Thanks for replying, Philmonte -- and thanks for your involuntary hospitality Iacobe :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:13, 15 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :::::Thank you Iacobe and Andrew for your hospitality and being accommodating. To Philmonte , please understand that there is a lot of things that need to get deleted in any wiki, really. We do want quality articles here don't we? Allow me to beef up the North Trail as best as I can, although, I do need to study more Latin. I highly recommend Latin yourself Philmonte, it would be good for your.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:56, 15 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) ==Ligeti== Hi. Thanks for your edits to the article I created. What do you mean by the maxdubium sign? I'm not exactly sure! Do you mean the Latin's bad (it seems OK to me) or that the article is (it is getting off the ground!) [[Usor:Knucmo2|Knucmo2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Knucmo2|disputatio]]) 20:47, 23 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) ==[[Toth]]== Iacobo si tibi placeat qua videtur dubium sit et emenda si possis. Gratias tibi ago.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:15, 1 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ==[[Selfie]]== Hi Iacobus, how are you? Kindly you indicate what you feel is wrong or dubius and allow for discussions.Thank you. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 02:37, 20 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :In your sentence ::Saepe monstratur in [[Interrete|interretiale]] retio{{dubsig}} [[societas humana|congregabilio]]{{dubsig}} [[situs interretialis|situ]] sicut [[Facebook]], [[Instagram]], [[Snapchat]], et [[Tumblr]]. :This ''reti(us/um)'' is not a word, and ''congregabili(us/a/um)'' is not a word. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:04, 20 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ::It was meant to be rete and congregabile. Thank you for your time!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:00, 20 Februarii 2016 (UTC) == De "re" quadam == Iacobe, I'm not sure if I understand your question (regarding [[arcus caelestis]]): "But is it really a phenomenon (and not a res)?" What I'm wondering in particular is how definig arcus caelestis as "res" (instead of "phaenomenon") would add to our understanding of the definiendum. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 13:23, 13 Martii 2016 (UTC) :Not sure I do either, but as long as it's linked to [[phaenomenon]] to show that it's not a [[noumenon]], it's probably OK. Cantius himself contrasted rain (a noumenon) with a rainbow (a phaenomenon). I wasn't sure that you actually wanted to go there, and a general term (like ''res'') would avoid the philosophical allusion. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:49, 13 Martii 2016 (UTC) :: OK, thanks. One of the reasons I didn't provide "phaenomenon" with an internal nexus was that I wanted to hold to everyday use (like in the English wikipedia and elsewhere) instead of swamping into Kantian questions. We can't have any empirical knowledge of noumena, except that they (must) exist. It's my understanding that rain and its causal relation to rainbow are all phenomenal. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 15:00, 13 Martii 2016 (UTC) :::"Phaenomena": ''appearances in the air or sky'' (Lewis & Short, citing Lactantius and alluding to the Latin versions of Aratus) -- as I expect you both know already. It doesn't appear to me that Cicero used the word "Phaenomena", but Germanicus [if it was he] probably did. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:23, 13 Martii 2016 (UTC) == More positive? also more ominous? == You were right to tag [[Hilarius Putnam]], of course, but (forgive me if you really knew this perfectly well already) for new pages in 2016 the best tag to use is {{fn|Augenda}}. This is because it can be dated e.g. "Augenda|2016|03" and because it allows just 3 months' leeway rather than 6. Fewer of them are appearing, month by month, thank goodness. It will be easier to shepherd them, tend them, and even slaughter them if they can't be saved, in monthly cohorts ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:18, 24 Martii 2016 (UTC) :Oops. Forgot. Busy for a while. ¶ Met him once or twice in the 1960s, when he was perceived to be quite the radical in a political sense. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 24 Martii 2016 (UTC) == [[Michael Fred Phelps]] == This is one of your very old pages. There was a lot of English still in it, which I've tried to clean out (I suspect you never really finished it off): therefore the count goes down, and it's among the 10,000 pages. Thought I'd mention it in case you have a spare moment to add some nice Latin to it :) If you want that English back as a basis for further work, just revert me. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:54, 2 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) :Spare moments are few & far between these days (aside from times when coffee is being sipped and the little gray cells are resting, able to do little more than add the NS formula without thinking), but after your ministrations, the text still has 7,840 characters, which times 1.07 = 8,389, still ''above'' the intermediate (8,000) cutoff for the 10K list. The higher cutoff is 16,000, unlike the 1K list, whose cutoffs are 10,000 and 30,000. (The authorities like to confuse us.) So perceptions of urgency are not required! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:02, 2 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) == De nominibus constellationum == Hi, Iacobe. Please don't move any constellation pages without checking the official Latin name. The Latin names are international, easily checked on any serious astronomical site, and I think all our pages agree with them till the two you moved today. The anonym who is adding. names and references maybe doesn't know this, and the references and added names do no harm, but they shouldn't Trump (if I may use the expression ) the modern official names ... Which I will source myself if necessary when I am no longer limited to the editing that an iPad can do ... Greetings from beautiful [[Tenos]]. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:30, 11 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) :No problem. It was a chance event, not part of a broader program. Enjoy the isles! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:15, 11 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) ::Thank you very much, Iacobe! My daughter and I did a lot of hill-walking but no astronomy. Now that I'm back, I'm adding sources for our Latin names of constellations. ::Interesting that our anonymous editor went on to alter the Latin names on the German article [[:de:Liste der Sternbilder in verschiedenen Sprachen]] (mentioning in an edit summary that you had moved the relevant Latin pages -- hence was evidently watching you carefully). Also that in adding footnotes to our page [[Dorado (constellatio)]] this editor pretended that the sources support only "Xiphias" whereas in fact those sources, now that I've checked them, support the official name "Dorado" as well! These clues suggest that the editor has an agenda which doesn't simply favour encyclopaedic Latinity; or, at least, should be persuaded to get an account and explain. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:04, 20 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) == Parallel 5 N == You may have seen my latest comment in that discussion: if you care to add a source and a few words of text, then of course the page becomes a self-respecting stipula and there's no earthly need to delete or merge it! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:58, 22 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) == Officina == Salve Iacobe. Iamne consonamus cum verbo 'Officina' significante anglice 'office',tibi?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 02:52, 1 Maii 2016 (UTC) :I'll put in my twopenn'orth if you gentlemen permit. The senses of office and "officina" may overlap but they are far from identical. For the head office of a large business, my old dictionary suggests "sedes" or "domus". For the office as the section of any business where they do correspondence etc., maybe "scriptorium" (but it's not a classical term in this sense) or "tabularium". But what will Iacobus say? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:07, 1 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::Both Cassell's and Traupman define 'official' only as ''publicus.'' Traupman amplifies that by adding the example ''domus publica'' for 'official residence'. For websites, that would seem to be the most appropriate way to go; however, I've sometimes used ''proprius'' in the sense 'personal, individual, special, his/her very own'. ''Officialis'' is postclassical; see [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dofficialis L&S]. ¶ According to Traupman, a place of work is an ''officina,'' a political office is an ''honor,'' and a duty is an ''officium.'' In the case of ''officina,'' the element of work is apparently the key point: some sort of labor must occur there, as the term can be glossed 'shop, workshop, manufactory, laboratory', and even 'place where fowls are kept', presumably because the work done there is the laying of eggs and the hatching of chicks ([http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dofficina L&S]). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:25, 1 Maii 2016 (UTC) :::The only sense of 'office' relating to 'a place of business' given in Cassell's is "''tabularium'' (= record-office)." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:31, 1 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::::According to [https://books.google.com/books?id=baxAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA315&lpg=PA315&dq=scala+musica+sunt&source=bl&ots=YZ0GvhlZfr&sig=7uEzk3GYeOBbFAT_legOkBSXPHw&hl=en&ei=-MHATNeZCIOC8gat2p3ZBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&sqi=2#v=onepage&q=office&f=false Ainsworth's] (the early-19th-century dictionary), the navy-office is the ''curia navalis,'' the place where you'll find a prince's master of ceremonies is a ''salutatorium,'' and the place where you'll be tortured & executed ('the hangman's office'!) is a ''carnificina''—but otherwise, the welter of examples given illustrate only senses having to do with things that must be done (duties, functions), by their silence perhaps implying that we use the term ''office'' in reference to a location much more readily than our ancestors did. That, in turn, might be a caution against looking for a single, general way to translate the term. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:55, 1 Maii 2016 (UTC) :::::... agreed: but, yes, "curia" is worth considering. Hadn't thought of that. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:12, 1 Maii 2016 (UTC) Your insights are valued, Andrew and Iacobus. You are aware that in Vatican/Catholic Latin, 'dicasterium' appears? Anyway is 'tabularium' ok for 'office for daily business transactions'? The future article will leave out 'function' or 'role' meanings.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:33, 1 Maii 2016 (UTC) == [[Eliana]] == [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#De Eliana et lingua valentina|Lectiones]], quas mihi [[Usor:Spqv]] proposuit, fortasse ad te mittere debuit? Haud scio! Maiuscula adiectivorum ethnicorum hodie rursus correxi; de aliis rebus curare potes si vis ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:05, 4 Maii 2016 (UTC) :I've seen the discussion in several disputation pages but haven't had the occasion to add anything. Certainly the Loeb Library edition capitalizes adjectives (and adverbs!) derived from proper nouns. If you want an example, here's one I found in quite literally three seconds: ''Reatina rura'' 'the country about Reate' (Suetonius, vol. 2, p. 302). Also, in dates, I should think writing ''III. Kal. ian.'' for ''III. Kal. Ian.'' would look strange (''Ian.'' there being an adjective), as would ''graece'' and ''latine'' and such. (Both Cassell's and Traupman capitalize them all.) Certainly capitalizing proper adjectives & adverbs has been the ''mos Vicipaedianus'' since the beginning. ¶ Generally, when contributors pop up to push a particular theory, they work on one particular item or set of related items and then disappear, so the damage to consistency is negligible. An example of that is the fellow who changed every (attested!) ''televisificus'' to (unattested!) ''televisivus''—with extensive disputing about why the latter is better—and then vanished. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:05, 4 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::That reminds me: one thing that lowercase-loving writers don't appreciate (or should we say not value highly) is the distinction that variable capitalization can make between, for example, ''mos Vicipaedianus'' 'the Vicipaedian custom' (referring to the Latin one) and ''mos vicipaedianus'' 'the wikipedian custom' (referring to the whole enterprise, the collection of wikipedias). This is the same point as ''Africa Orientalis'' 'East Africa' (a formally defined region) and ''Africa orientalis'' 'eastern Africa' (some vague area, perhaps accompanied by hand-waving). But I digress. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:05, 4 Maii 2016 (UTC) :::Granted: the original question is about ''ethnic'' adjectives only; but as the response implies, that can be construed part of a larger question. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:20, 4 Maii 2016 (UTC) De litterarum maiuscularum usu in gentilicios: Scriptura romana distinctionem inter maisculam et minusculam non cognovit. Scriptura mediaevalis cognovit distinctionem, sed non habuit regulam certam. Vide quodlibet manuscriptum mediaevale. Unde haec regula oritur? Ex lingua anglica. Eruditi anglici opera latina, grammaticas et thesauros secundum propriam ortographiam scripserunt. Propter linguae anglicae potentiam hic mos hodie servatus est etiam ab multis scriptoribus hispanis, italicis et lusitanis (qui non habent hanc regulam). Conclusio: lex non est, sed mos. Tu, more anglico, scribes “Romani”; ego, more hispanico, “romani”. Sed nec fiat mos regionalis lex universalis. Latinitas longa, vita brevis. De nomina moderna transferendo in latinum: Ego non video “José Plácido Domingo” versatum in linguam anglicam: “Joseph Pleasing Sunday”, ne quidem “Joseph Pleasing Domingo”. Nec “George Walker Bush” in linguam hispanam: “Jorge Peatón Arbusto”, ne quidem “Jorge P. Bush”. Et cetera, et cetera. [[Usor:Spqv|Spqv]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Spqv|disputatio]]) 18:40, 5 Maii 2016 (UTC) :Tell it to Laurentius Rabe (1465–1527), the Silesian scholar & poet, who called himself [[:en:Laurentius Corvinus|Laurentius Corvinus]]. Tell it to Heinrich Schütz (1585–1672), the preeminent early Baroque German composer, who called himself [[Henricus Sagittarius]] ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Sch%C3%BCtz auf Deutsch hic]). Tell it to Philipp Schwartzerdt (1497–1560), the German theologian, who called himself [[Philippus Melanchthon]] ('Atra Terra'): he changed "his surname from 'Schwartzerdt' (literally 'black earth'), into the Greek equivalent 'Melanchthon' (Μελάγχθων), ''a custom which was usual among humanists of that time''" (emphasis added). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 00:16, 10 Maii 2016 (UTC) Haec deformatio vel pervertio aperte risu (vel irae) dignum est. Homines romani et mediaevales latina nomina habebant. Homines moderni (praeter summos pontifices vel raros viros illustres) sua nomina in propria lingua maneant. [[Usor:Spqv|Spqv]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Spqv|disputatio]]) 18:40, 5 Maii 2016 (UTC) De regulis ad nova vocabula latina fingenda scribam in extenso alio loco. Parire monstrua sicut: “teleiussibulum”, “laophorium”, “chamulcus”, “diamesolabeta”, et cetera vitandum est. [[Usor:Spqv|Spqv]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Spqv|disputatio]]) 18:40, 5 Maii 2016 (UTC) :Salve Spqv! Conversio praenominum, multum alibi disputata, statum [[Vicipaedia:De nominibus propriis|regulae]] apud nos accepit. Hic etiam est mos multorum qui hodie extra Vicipaediam Latine scribant, ut [http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/la/letters/2016/documents/papa-francesco_20160418_patrona-lussemburgo.html in Vaticano] (Rainerio Mariae). :Recte dicis vocabula recentia saepe utilia esse. Sin bonum locutio vel vocabulum classicum classicum exstat, eo uti malumus. Exempli gratia, in pagina disputationis Andreae de vocabulo "mercatus, -i" scripsisti. Fortasse haec declinatio apud scriptores Medii Aevi reperiri potest, sed cur non "mercatus, -ūs", quod apud Ciceronem, Livium et alios reperitur? [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 23:39, 9 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::Similiter, in [[Eliana]] he/she had written "mercatos . . . aspiciebat," and thinking it was a typo, I corrected it to "[[mercator]]es . . . aspiciebat," but he/she has reverted that change, going back to ''mercatos.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 00:23, 10 Maii 2016 (UTC) :::Verbum q.e. "mercatus -i" (meá paginá disputationis propositum) nullo fonte reperire possum. An fontem adducere potes, Spqv? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:00, 10 Maii 2016 (UTC) Salve, Spqv, maiuscularum usum Anglicum tibi displicere non miror, cum mihi quoque alienus videatur, nam in terris septentrionalibus idem fere mos maiuscularum scribendarum est ac apud Hispanos. Multi tamen sunt qui credant urbanum esse usui Anglico morigerari. Paucis ante diebus titulum "[[Bésame Mucho]]" iam octo fere annos conservatum in "Bésame mucho" mutavi. ¶ Ut dicis, "lex non est, sed mos," et de moribus non est disputandum. Cum quidem aliqua uniformitas praeferenda sit, ego pro mea parte ex auctorum Romanorum editionibus philologis (Bibliotheca Teubneriana, Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis, Les Belles Lettres) rationem scribendi deprompsi. Dicat quispiam, ne horum quidem morem sibi consistere. Fortasse ita, sed "pictura grandis" uniformitatem satis bonam exhibet. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 08:11, 10 Maii 2016 (UTC) :A cautionary note: remember that were talking about ''coding'' here, not about how texts appear on readers' screens. Coding texts in uppercase/lowercase style ''enables'' readers who wish to see nothing but lowercase text—or nothing but uppercase text, in the antique Roman manner—to use gadgets to do so (while it enables readers who wish to see uppercase/lowercase style to do so); coding texts in lowercase style ''prohibits'' readers who wish to see uppercase/lowercase style from doing so. The former enhances individual liberty; the latter squelches it. Those are the potential extremes. What seems to be in play here is the ''degree'' to which uppercase/lowercase style should be hard-coded. Expressions of anguish over the evils of English, which have explicitly appeared in talk pages from time to time over the past ten years, are't necessarily free of the appearance of what used to be called a cultural cringe. Ironically, they sometimes ignore actual English style, which, for example, has the Great Pee Dee '''R'''iver and the Little Pee Dee '''R'''iver, but together the Great Pee Dee and Little Pee Dee '''r'''ivers (lowercased because ''rivers'' isn't part of the ''name'' of either entity). Or, to cite a possibility where a preference for lowercasing adjectives leads into logical error: ''Virginia Occidentalis'' (a state west of Virginia) and ''Virginia occidentalis'' (an area in Virginia): those are not the same things, though universally lowercasing adjectives makes them so. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:50, 10 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::In case it's of interest, Captain Grammar Pants [sic] laid down these rules in Facebook just twenty-nine minutes ago: <<If you are located in the South, you may capitalize the word because it is a place. You might live in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, but you can still have friends in the East. However, when someone travels south to Brighton or north to Darwin, do not capitalize the direction. A key memory trick is to note that if it’s “the West,” with “the,” then capitalize. If it’s “driving west,” do not capitalize. As for the adjectives southern, western, northeastern, etc., capitalize them when they refer to a cultural identity (e.g., “Western thought”) but not when they are just regular adjectives (e.g., “the southwestern states”).>> Note the "key memory trick." Latin lacks this ''the,'' and therefore can't make this distinction with a word, but it can do so with a capital letter. ;) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:37, 10 Maii 2016 (UTC) “Mercatus, -us” habet sensum vetus (locus ad quem mercatores emendi vendendique gratia conveniunt) et sensum modernum secundum modernam scientiam oeconomicam. Igitur melius est: “agricultura elianensis mercatus aliarum nationum aspiciebat”. “Mercatores” error non est sed in hoc casu melioris electio non est. De usu maiuscularum: In omnibus linguis semper possibilitas confusionis est. Scriptores et lectores italici, hispani et lusitani proprias linguas comprehendere possunt, quamvis anglica regula de gentilicio vocabulo non utuntur. Quod ad me attinet, ego bene intelligo “civitas Graeca” et “civitas graeca”, “rex Persarum” et “rex persarum”. Optasne forsan universalem grammaticam? Pulchrum propositum; sed cur, casu, anglica grammatica universalis est? De nomina moderna: Post s. XVI multi nomina latina sibi imposuerunt, velut Renatus Cartesius (René Descartes † 1650), et cetera, et sic legimus opera latina qui iidem scripserunt. Alli non mutaverunt propria nomina, velut Immanuel Kant († 1804), qui scripsit latine dissertationem “De mundi sensibilis forma” et nomen germanum non mutavit. Vide opera eius. Sed illo tempore multi de philosophia eius latine scripserunt et nomen eius mutaverunt: Emmanuel Kantius. Quoque Thomas Hobbes († 1679) in Hobbesio mutaverunt, et cetera. Ergo hodie licitum est haec nomina latina uti. Sed qui ipsi nomina non mutaverunt neque nullam relationem ad linguam latinam habent, cur mutare? Omnes linguae (Vide Vicipaedia) dicunt “George W. Bush”; sola Vicipaedia latina in “Georgio” mutare audet, etiam “Bushius” uti. Omnes dicunt: “José Plácido Domingo”; sola Vicipaedia latina: “Iosephus Placidus Domingo”. Pessima sors evenit praesidenti Barack Obama, cum Baracus euphemismus anglice (= bad ass) etiam est, hodie toto orbe notissimus, et omnes actoris “Mister T” memori sunt. Et cetera et cetera. Ridiculus mos delendus est. Num sola nomina latine scribere scimus? Utrum encyclopaediam an rem comicam Vicipaediam latinam esse exoptamus? [[Usor:Spqv|Spqv]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Spqv|disputatio]]) 10:31, 13 Maii 2016 (UTC) :Brevissime (si permittis, mi Iacobe) verba mea interpono. Vicipaediani hic, sicut in aliis linguis, a fontibus externis incipiunt. "Baracum" scribimus non e mente editoris cuiusdam, sed quia fontem Latinum habemus. Praenomina, quae formam Latinam traditionalem habent, convertere solemus non quia consuetudinem e novo invenimus, sed quia scriptores Latini temporis nostri (e.g. scribae Vaticanae, editores qui titulos Latinos divulgant, oratores universitatum, etc.) eandem rem faciunt, morem maiorum sequentes. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:58, 13 Maii 2016 (UTC) :: Non quidem omnes scriptores, mi Andrea, nam scriptores Nuntiorum Latinorum praenomina missum facere solent. ''Barack Obama, Vladimir Putin, John Kerry, Sergei Lavrov'' scribunt, quamquam, si opus est, ''Vladimirum Putin'' declinant. Ut iam antea monui, morem nostrum nimis orthodoxum esse puto, nec hos laudo Vicipaedianismos: ''Kevin Costner'' apud nos [[Coemgenus Costner]], ''Tamara Smirnova'' apud nos ex arcanis [[Thamar Smirnova]], ''Brigitte Bardot'' apud nos per miram metathesin [[Birgitta Bardot]], etc. Veniam da, si insolentius haec profero. Neminem offendere volo. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 12:57, 13 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::::Me non offendis! Neque Coemgenum neque Birgittam (tamquam nomina) amo. Usum nominativi nativi casuumque obliquorum declinatorum iamdudum suasi et ego, si recte memini. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:12, 13 Maii 2016 (UTC) :::In the world at large, translating forenames into local languages appears to be the default, not the exception, and it cannot therefore surprise anyone. Certainly the world has millions of boys formally named (in Spanish) ''Juan Pablo'' in honor of the man whom we call in English ''John Paul'' but whose proper name was ''Ioannes Paulus.'' Indeed, the Polish wiki, in his native language, translates his name into ''[[:pl:Jan Paweł II|Jan Paweł]].'' The Samoan wiki calls George III ''[[sm:Siaosi III|Siaosi III]]'' and Elizabeth II [[sm:Masiofo Elisapeta II|Elisapeta II]]. Plenty of similar examples can be found, even in the rarefied atmosphere of Wikilandia. The practice called ridiculous above may in modern languages be the norm; at the very least, it's not at all unusual. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:48, 13 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::::An norma sit, i quaere! Sed, sicut dicis, saepe fit. Graeci hodierni qui [[Syngraphus|syngraphos]] habent ibi duo nomina praebent, Graece (stylo classico) et Anglice. Insuper praenomen demoticum habent. Igitur [[Georgius Papandreu (natus 1952)|Georgius Papandreu]] est Γεώργιος apud situm parlamenti Graeci, Γιώργος in diariis, "George" apud Anglos, "Georges" saepius apud Francicos: in syngrapho suo, si recte intellegi, praenomina habebit Γεώργιος et George. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:03, 13 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::::: Iacobe, papae et reges/reginae hypocoristica quadam vi et sensu a vulgo distingui videntur. Licet ''Jan Paweł'' inter Hispanos ''Juan Pablo'' sit, ''Jan Matejko'' inter Hispanos non ''Juan Matejko'' appellatur. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 15:20, 13 Maii 2016 (UTC) == Rosa Viterbiensis == Gratias, Iacobus. --[[Usor:Cláudio José Aarão Rangel|Cláudio José Aarão Rangel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Cláudio José Aarão Rangel|disputatio]]) 14:40, 8 Maii 2016 (UTC) == Correction == Could you please correct the text in [[Iacetania]]? I am not sure if thre is any mistakke --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 21:03, 21 Maii 2016 (UTC) :I found some. The notice is to put links like this Regnum =><nowiki>[[Regnum]]</nowiki>. I think it is ok and removed the notice.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:46, 22 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::Well, almost. The Augenda formula was because the article wasn't complete, with sufficiently long text and reliable external sourcing. The Vicificanda formula was because some of the styling wasn't quite right; it's mostly OK now, but a few quirks remain, like the number 18.664, which is in the wrong form (Vicipaedia follows [[ISO]]). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:12, 22 Maii 2016 (UTC) == Jamaican creole == Hi! Sorry to bother but could you please explain me the template <nowiki>{{Latinitas|-2}}</nowiki> and the word "Stipula". --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 18:33, 23 Maii 2016 (UTC) :''Stipula'' = 'stub', which Vicipaedia defines technically according to criteria specified by the <nowiki>{{Non stipula}}</nowiki> formula, less completely by the (new) <nowiki>{{Augenda}}</nowiki> formula. Latinitas = 'Latinity', a judgment of (mostly grammatical) quality from 1 to 7, where 1 is best. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:39, 23 Maii 2016 (UTC) : Thanks for clarifying it and for your help. :) --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 19:25, 23 Maii 2016 (UTC) == Num opportet omnes subscriptiones puncto concludere? == Salve Iacobe, cordialiter te invito, ut istam quaestionem nobiscum in Taberna diputares. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 20:15, 26 Maii 2016 (UTC) == Have you a moment? == ... if so, please glance at [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Litterae Asturianae]] and maybe give Katxis some hints. I have to break off here. Of course I know you're busy too ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:06, 1 Iunii 2016 (UTC) :Time to break off here too, but categorizing the new articles is probably more urgent. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:14, 1 Iunii 2016 (UTC) == Litterae Asturianae == Hi! I've made some changes in [[Litterae Asturianae]]. Could you please take a look at it? I hope it is better now. --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 14:12, 2 Iunii 2016 (UTC) ::Not just yet; still fixing the categories in articles added yesterday, and no time left today to complete even that task. :/ [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:30, 2 Iunii 2016 (UTC) :: No worries. Whenever you have time, please check it out. If you need a hand with categories, just ask me and I'll try to help you. --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 14:55, 2 Iunii 2016 (UTC) : Regarding [[Estoria de España]], is there any template to indicate that I am still writing the article? --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 14:13, 2 Iunii 2016 (UTC) ::Happened to see this. Fixed. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:25, 2 Iunii 2016 (UTC) == [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Cultura Romana antiqua etc.]] == It's quite a long conversation now, but if you cared to add a comment just at the end it would be welcome :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:42, 20 Iunii 2016 (UTC) == Articles == Could you please correct the words that are wrong? --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 02:15, 22 Iunii 2016 (UTC) :Ut ait noster Andreas: "I want to be helpful but I cannot spend time on your pages every day. I am only one user, like you, and I have my own work to do. I suggest, if you want help with each page, that you ask each time at the [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:41, 22 Iunii 2016 (UTC) ==familiariter utitur== Iacobus I just want to express that I appreciate your research about this usage and hope you continue doing this kind of research here at wikipedia.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:55, 3 Iulii 2016 (UTC) == [[Transplantatio organorum]] == Hi Iacobus, I realize you are busy but could you help me out with this article, what you find dubius or incorrect. Thanks in advance.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 15:42, 3 Iulii 2016 (UTC) :Yes, I'm busy, but worse: I'm not even here! You might find me [http://www.festival.si.edu/ on the Mall.] ;) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:08, 3 Iulii 2016 (UTC) :::Ow knock yourself out, PARTY!!! Anyway, tonight <s>we dine in HELL!</s> I will be posting the English version and hopefully Neander (and you would help me out :) ).--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:14, 4 Iulii 2016 (UTC) I have cousins in Sta Ana and Orange County and stayed there. They drove me all the way to Las Vegas.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:16, 4 Iulii 2016 (UTC) == hymni == Salve, Iacobe. Inspicias quaeso paginam ''hymnus'' eiusque indices omnes fere rubricatos. Hi cantus, ut mi videtur, nullo modo hymni possunt dici. Sunt, ut tu ipse in pagina discussionis affirmas, res aliae. Nonne delendi sunt? --[[Usor:Bavarese|Bavarese]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bavarese|disputatio]]) 14:56, 5 Augusti 2016 (UTC) ==dubsigs== Salve Iacobus, ut vales? May encourage you to continue placing dubsigs, they are very useful both for learning and fixing the latin. I may be working to fix the nympha marina, for example to replace ascitur with collegitur or additus.Thanks and best regards.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:10, 7 Augusti 2016 (UTC) :Salve Iacobe, gratias ([[Oxazepamum]]). hoc mei auxiliarissime sentio. [[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 12:54, 23 Martii 2017 (UTC) ==[[Bili ape]]== Hi Iacobus , kindly be more specific about what is incorrect or vague with this article. Thank you.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 15:21, 24 Augusti 2016 (UTC) == De latinitate maxdubia == Iacobe, [[ethica deontologica|ethicam deontologicam]] tantis erroribus scatere vidisti, ut commentationem latinitate maxdubia scriptam esse iudicares. Cum tu et ego soli textum ediderimus, nec credo te textum a te ipso editum vituperare, fieri potest, ut meam latinitatem repudiaris. Itaque rogo, ut errores in textu repertos indices. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 13:21, 31 Augusti 2016 (UTC) :I didn't deliberately add that marking and I don't know why it's there! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:40, 31 Augusti 2016 (UTC) ::Wait! I've figured out how it happened! I was copying the image :::<nowiki>{{Latinitas|-3}}[[Fasciculus:Jeremy_Bentham_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill_detail.jpg|thumb|200 px|Ieremias Bentham.]]</nowiki> ::from the page on [[Ieremias Bentham]], and as you see here, the "Latinitas|-3" came along for the ride. I didn't notice it! Since your Latin is far better than mine, you can be sure that I wouldn't intentionally mark it maxdubia! (I'll go and delete that rating now.) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:45, 31 Augusti 2016 (UTC) ::: OK, to tell the truth, I had to rub my eyes a few times, but it didn't go away! ''':–)''' [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 15:58, 31 Augusti 2016 (UTC) ===Bono=== By the way, you might want to think about rephrasing "Rectum Bono praefertur." It's perfectly good Latin, succinct & clear, but impressionable teenagers are going to snicker that it means 'A rectum is preferred to [[:en:Bono|Bono]].' (!!!) Maybe lowercasing ''bono'' would help. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:52, 31 Augusti 2016 (UTC) : As you certainly have realized, I have a near-compulsory dislike of initial majuscula. ''':–)''' Now that I for once used this stylistic gimmick, the result is deplorable: comparing Bono with rectum, and preferring the latter! Phew! Maybe it's better, indeed, to return to my old habits. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 15:58, 31 Augusti 2016 (UTC) == [[Abrahamus Bloteling]] == Salve, Iacobe. Jacobsdr. (Jacob dochter) valet "Iacobi filia". --[[Usor:Maria.martelli|Maria.martelli]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Maria.martelli|disputatio]]) 17:59, 1 Septembris 2016 (UTC) == Edwinus Atherstone and Stropha regalis== Salve, please forgive me using international language instead of Latin, but I did not have much Latin at school. Thank You very much for reviewing my articles. I think Edwin Atherstone should be in Latin Wikipedia, as he wrote chiefly about ancient wars, battles and disasters. Perhaps another, more detailed, article about ''The Fall of Nineveh'' should be made and - one day I hope - will be written. Another thing is about Stropha regalis. I had no source for Latin name of the stanza, it is just a translation. I do not know, if somebody ever wrote about the form in Latin. You surely know that the strophe is called also Chaucerian strophe or Troilus strophe, but I did not find any text written in Latin with such terms. I just thought that Kynaston's work should be appreciated. May be, his translation is the only example of the use of rhyme royal in Latin. Although ''non sum dignus'', I would like to write something else for Latin Wikipedia, but I am afraid I will work very slowly. Thanks once again ([[Usor:Anagram16|Anagram16]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Anagram16|disputatio]]) 23:20, 3 Septembris 2016 (UTC)) :Any honest attempts to contribute are welcome, so please feel free to continue, and good luck! One of the best Latin poets of the nineteenth century is said to have been [[:en:Walter Savage Landor|Walter Savage Landor]]. He got into legal trouble for some of his Latin insults. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:02, 17 Septembris 2016 (UTC) == Thanks for the Muisca additions == Hi IacobusAmor, thanks for the Muisca articles you translated into Latin. For me it's too long ago and too far down in my brain to actively use Latin, but nice to see. What about adding a category Muisca, to have the (hopefully) future articles organised in one category? The detail I am building in en:wiki may be too much for now, but 1 cat for "Muisca" would be good? Keep up the good work and I will hopefully add more Muisca soon. ''Ex nihilo nihil fit''. Cheers, [[Usor:Tisquesusa|Tisquesusa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tisquesusa|disputatio]]) 00:35, 17 Septembris 2016 (UTC) :You're welcome. Our category maven is Andrew Dalby; I prefer the category structure of the English wiki, but it gets adjusted over here. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:02, 17 Septembris 2016 (UTC) ::First time in my life anyone's called me a maven! ::Of course a category can be added as soon as anyone's sure Vicipaedia will have a plurality of articles on the subject. A category that remains populated by only one article is at some risk of being eventually merged or deleted. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:17, 17 Septembris 2016 (UTC) == Alta Franciae == Salve Iacobe, rogo te, ut responsum meum in pagina disputationis '''Alta Franciae''' [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disputatio:Alta_Franciae] legeres! Spero valeas! [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 23:41, 3 Novembris 2016 (UTC) == Secretary of Labor == I noticed the Latin equivalent you cited, "Secretary of Labor = Minister Laboris". What do you think about this yourself? I asked myself the question just recently when making navigation boxes for other US "Secretaries". Eventually I saw no reason not to use the word "secretarius". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:29, 20 Novembris 2016 (UTC) :I suppose they're both OK. I've been treating governmental departments as ''ministeria,'' and so their heads might just as well be '''''ministri''''' (of whom the chief is of course the [[primus minister|primus]]). For the political sense of 'secretary', Traupman gives the generic term ''(ad)minister''—but then he gives six examples: secretary of agriculture, commerce, education, the interior, state or foreign affairs, the treasury = ''agriculturae provehendae, commercii, eruditionis, rerum interiorum, rerum externarum, aerarii '''praefectus.''''' So that's not one, not two, but three possibilies! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:50, 20 Novembris 2016 (UTC) ::For a governmental agency (distinct from a department), I've been using ''agentura,'' which seems to be unclassical. The distinction has just become urgent in the United States because Donald Trump apparently wants to hire his son-in-law to work for him in the White House, but a federal antinepotism law forbids such a thing in governmental "agencies"—and so Trump's apologists are now arguing that the White House isn't an agency. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:56, 20 Novembris 2016 (UTC) == [[:Categoria:Pagi Samoani]] == ''A propos'', you might care to glance at your pages in this category. Some are currently marked "augenda". All they lack, I think, is an external source. It may even be that one source would serve for all. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:52, 4 Decembris 2016 (UTC) :Yes, I've been thinking of tidying them up, alongside certain Oceanic languages, as part of a December cleanup. So much to do! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:27, 4 Decembris 2016 (UTC) == NexInt == Nesciebam de elegante nova formula {{fn|NexInt}}, mi Iacobe! --[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 08:40, 9 Decembris 2016 (UTC) :Multae res fiebantur te absente, amice! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:09, 9 Decembris 2016 (UTC) ==De nexibus rubris== Why you put link with page that don´t exist? That is unnecessary, and hurt the seeing.--[[Usor:Al-Baco|Al-Baco]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Al-Baco|disputatio]]) 16:59, 27 Decembris 2016 (UTC) :Mos vicipaedianus. Maybe you didn't notice that I inserted two correct links whose bad versions you'd deleted (if you'd tried harder, you might have found them: [[gens Iulia]] for the wrong <nowiki>[[Iulia (familia)]]</nowiki> and [[Bucolica]] for the wrong <nowiki>[[Bucolica (Vergilius)]]</nowiki>); one of the other red links will be turning blue today because of an article that's about to be added (because the red link enticed me to work on it). Also, the page in question ([[Aeneis]]) is one of the [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome 10,000 officially most important pages], and for purposes of the competition at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles Meta], longer is better. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:33, 27 Decembris 2016 (UTC) ::I agree with Iacobus. Red links are often very useful, because they encourage people to create needed articles (compare the English guideline at [[:en:WP:RED]]). [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 18:01, 27 Decembris 2016 (UTC) == Papuan languages == It's really good to have some articles about languages of this group. How about the suffix -ana? Do we need to do that (given that e.g. English doesn't)? ''Should'' we do it without a source for the adjective? My feeling would be that "Lingua Angal", like the English, works OK and means that we aren't inventing anything. But what's your view? Happy New Year, incidentally :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:32, 1 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) :Well, unless you have a source, I'll move those pages. Several years ago I verified all the names of language pages, moving those whose "Latin" name couldn't be verified. Let's keep up that standard: nolemus fingere. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:01, 26 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) ::Ah, what? (Sorry; missed this.) It seems like a productive suffix to me. (Indeed, it's officially so in botany.) The English ''Engan languages'' presupposes Latin ''linguae Enganae,'' not ''linguae Enga.'' Similarly ''Papuan'' and ''Papuana.'' And so forth. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:34, 26 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) :::Consider the pagenames [[Lingua Angaliana]], [[Lingua Engana]], [[Lingua Huliana]], [[Lingua Ipiliana]], [[Lingua Kewana]], [[Lingua Kyakana]], [[Lingua Lembena]], [[Lingua Neteana]], [[Lingua Samberigiana]]. I haven't seen any parallel outside Latin for those names: I think they are made up. If there ''are'' parallels, please, by all means cite them! Otherwise, these seem to be unnecessary inventions. We're not supposed to do that, and we don't need to. :::What I mean is, we could just say "lingua Angal" etc. and that means we're not making anything up. Isn't that better? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:27, 27 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) ::::Yes, that's fine, but the English does warrant a differentation between ''lingua Enga'' ('Enga language') and ''linguae Enganae'' ('Engan languages'), the ''anus'' suffix serving a linguistic function; compare the ''icus'' suffix for protolanguages. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:35, 27 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) :::::I agree with that, and I think the English names for the ''groups'', containing that Latin suffix -an, indeed give us just the precedent we need for names in -ana. You pointed this out above, incidentally showing that my initial comment wasn't perfectly clear (I was probably rushing to save the page before dinner). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:51, 27 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) == Nystalus Obamai etc. == I'm enjoying learning about an unexpected aspect of the Obama legacy. Thank you! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:20, 27 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) :You're welcome. One or two more biota named after him have no entry in any wiki yet, and I haven't had time to compile an article on them de novo. Feel free to do so, if you like! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:24, 27 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) ::I'll try to get ''[[Teleogramma obamaorum]]'' (a fish named for the whole family) done soon. There's a Cuban bee with no separate article (of genus ''[[Lasioglossum]]'') and a parasitic worm (''[[Paragordius obamai]]''). So that's ten items. Will Trump have more? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:33, 27 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) :::Note the genitive seen in ''obamai‎.'' Do zoologists know that they're using an archaic form here (''obamāī'')? They've probably decided to form genitives universally by adding ''i'' to proper nouns. With names ending in ''a,'' botanists wouldn't do that, would they? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:43, 27 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) == Mandarins == You were right to reinstate the "FD ref" against "Lingua Mandarina normalis" -- I carelessly deleted it while preparing a version of the beginning of that article to go on our pagina prima. Do you have anything to add at [[Disputatio:Lingua Mandarina]]? All comments welcome! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:49, 31 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) :But I hadn't noticed your deletion! I was just wanting to prompt people to search for a source. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:51, 31 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) == [...]² == Yes, and you can tell me what my page interferes on the other articles? I'm not causing any problems on other pages, you just go to my page if you want, no one is forcing you. --[[Usor:HunteWinchester123|HunteWinchester123]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:HunteWinchester123|disputatio]]) 21:31, 12 Februarii 2017 (UTC) :Nobody said anything about interference. I was just trying to be useful in suggesting ways you might help with the project. That, after all, is the central question: how can we improve scope and the Latinity of Vicipaedia? I'm not an administrator, so feel free to take your questions elsewhere. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:57, 12 Februarii 2017 (UTC) == Punctuation in captions == You might want to comment at the Taberna? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:25, 21 Martii 2017 (UTC) == de partibus frumenti == Salve amice! Ut video, in pagina ''fascis'' heri laboravisti. Certe eam partem frumenti, e qua fasces fecisti, ''caulem'' appellare licet. Sed usitatius et testibus melius probatum mihi vocabulum ''[[culmus]]'' videtur esse. Tu quidem de ea re quid sentis? Vale! --[[Usor:Bavarese|Bavarese]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bavarese|disputatio]]) 10:27, 2 Aprilis 2017 (UTC) :Qua pro causa definitionem in Wikipedia Anglica iam in paginis privatis converteram ut commentarium de culmo in Vicipaediam mox inonerarem. Ideo ambo texta nunc misceo. Manent autem haec verba: ::<small>==Malting==</small> ::<small>In the production of malted grains the culms refer to the rootlets of the germinated grains. The culms are normally removed in a process known as "deculming" after kilning when producing [[hordeum vulgare|barley]] malt, but form an important part of the product when making [[sorghum]] or [[millet]] malt. These culms are very nutritious and are sold off as animal feed.<nowiki>><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.fao.org/ag/AGA/AGAP/FRG/AFRIS/Data/467.HTM | title=Malt culms, malt sprouts, malt coombs | publisher=Animal Feed Resources Information System}}</ref></nowiki></small> :Gratias! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:02, 2 Aprilis 2017 (UTC) == Timothaeus? == Hi, Iacobe. I doubt that "Timothaeus" is a usual spelling: I think the name comes from Greek Τιμόθεος, which converts normally to Latin "Timotheus". The spelling "Timothaeus" is fairly rare on Google. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:30, 25 Maii 2017 (UTC) :Oops. Well, let's change it back then. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:08, 25 Maii 2017 (UTC) == Poets == It is distinctly useful to have lists of poets by country. I'm really glad you're doing that! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:51, 7 Iunii 2017 (UTC) :Thanks. A few have problematic nationalities, so they're being left for later. It's surprising how many countries have no poets. Sadly, one is finding that many of these articles, especially those that date from the early days of the project, were typed with characteristic sloppiness, and their coding wantonly includes extra spaces, extra blanklines, unnecessary italics, gratuitous instances of "right" and "250px" in illustrations, the use of "mortuus est" where "mortuus" is better, and so forth. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:25, 7 Iunii 2017 (UTC) ::So many of those pages copy-edited, so many still to do. Let us praise the Vicipaedian who gave us such entries rather than no entries at all, but I only wish that, having typed them, he had paused for a moment to read them :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:58, 7 Iunii 2017 (UTC) :::Yes, but that's the least of our worries (says someone who lives a mile from the White House). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:02, 7 Iunii 2017 (UTC) == [[Lien]] == Thank you for your help in analysing the article. Please feel free to provide constructive advise or even correct it. I will be making some corrections. Thanks in advance.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 07:01, 28 Iunii 2017 (UTC) == Imagines bis datae == When we have a duplicate image because of the addition of an infobox, there's sometimes another way to deal with it. If the image is not a mugshot (I hate the term, but they use it as standard on Vicipaedia Anglica these days), it may be better to insert a mugshot as the preferred image at Wikidata, and to retain our image on our page ... which will (a) with luck, have an informative caption, and (b) no longer be identical with the image that comes through from Wikidata. This is what I have done at [[Guillelmus II (rex Siciliae)]] and [[Lucius III]]. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:38, 12 Iulii 2017 (UTC) :OK, but note the problem with bibliographical formulas that random recasting turned up in [[Lucius III]]. The best way to handle bibliographic entries might be to use a formula that will produce text in a style chosen by readers. Sometimes one sees hard-coded styles or formula-produced styles that make one say "Ugh," but some of these formulas are obscure enough not to be modifiable without bothersome research. This is an ancient problem. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:47, 12 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::...err.. I wasn't talking about bibliographical formulas but about the infobox. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:13, 12 Iulii 2017 (UTC) :::Yes, I was acknowledging the problem of twice-given images and then raising another issue. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:05, 12 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::::That's good. ::::I don't know what the bibliographical issue was (was it on those same pages?): my general response is that we ought really to be able to agree on a bibliographical format, but it would require discussion and compromise. If that happened, we could keep to the agreed standard in future, and all formulae could be adjusted to match, quite easily in most cases. I don't think anything's hard-coded. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:15, 12 Iulii 2017 (UTC) == [[Gualterus Ophamil]] == Hunc effectum produxit interventio tua: ''Delle Donne, Fulvio. 2003. {{{3}}}, "Gualtiero" in Dizionario biografico degli Italiani (Romae)? 60: 224–227.'' Auctoris nomen D.J.A. Matthew minime redarguisti, quia Dalby id fecit? Et quid sit de latino disputando? --[[Usor:Enzian44|Enzian44]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Enzian44|disputatio]]) 00:40, 13 Iulii 2017 (UTC) :I just happened to look at that page this morning. I removed your hidden text in English: surely it's bad to add hidden text, especially if not in Latin, to a page that is in a good state? It makes the page worse in general. Specifically it makes it more difficult for other editors, especially those who don't use English, to edit. I notice that the hidden text was about the problem you raise in our discussion just above. Always happy to discuss bibliographical formats, but let's do it where others can join in :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:41, 13 Iulii 2017 (UTC) == [[Zubin Mehta]] == It was an almost empty page to which I added some curriculum vitae. So, what made you then add "ScDub"? Was it some terrible mistake of mine? Do tell ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:57, 28 Iulii 2017 (UTC) :He's a conductor, not a [[concentus magister]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:39, 28 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::Well, if you couldn't remember the Latin for "conductor", why didn't you at least say what was wrong? A tiny bit unhelpful to put a tag like that, without explanation, on a page which has two inaccurate words. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:40, 29 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::: In rebus musicis variae notionum confusiones esse solent, sicut hic. [[Herbertus de Karajan|Herbert von Karajan]] "concentus magister" appellatur, et [[Leonardus Bernstein|Leonard Bernstein]] "dux orchestrae", quoae appellatio invicem in "concentus magistrum" dirigitur. Equidem [[Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok|lexicon Vilborgianum]] secutus illos homines (nec non Mehtam) '''moderatores musicorum''' dixerim. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 11:06, 29 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::::Gratias ago. Id nunc scripsi, formula {{fn|ScDub}} deleta. Tibi placet, Iacobe? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:30, 29 Iulii 2017 (UTC) == "Fixed typo" == I was looking through your recent contributions, hoping to spot a potential pagina mensis, and [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brasilia&diff=next&oldid=3284318 this caught my eye]. You're 100% right, needless to say. Maybe you are aware of what I'm going to say already, but just in case you're not: there is an anonymous user who quite frequently inserts low-grade vandalism with edit summaries like "fixed typo". Curiously, in this case, it wasn't ''exactly'' vandalism: a reasonable person might really feel that Michel Temer is not among the must-have illustrations for an article on Brazil. However, whether this means that the said anonymous user has suddenly come out as left-of-Genghis-Khan, or has a politically active twin sister who uses the same edit summary, or it's a complete coincidence, isn't clear, at least to me ... If you have any recent long articles that you'd like to suggest as pagina mensis, please say at once! now's the time! I have left this a bit too long. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:45, 30 Iulii 2017 (UTC) :I didn't know that, about low-grade anonymous vandalism, but now that you explain it, it seems likely—and human nature being what it is, we can predict with a fair degree of confidence that the world has produced more than one such perpetrator. (I hadn't noticed it here before; maybe you're speaking about other wikis?) ¶ As for paginae mensis, have we done [[Petrus Seeger]]? As you probably know, you can find my contributions in the series of annual pages of which [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:IacobusAmor/Addita_anno_2017 this] is the current one. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:03, 30 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::Thanks very much, I was trying to remember the name, of course I'd seen the Pete Seeger article. It will surely be used. I'll put a comment on the Pagina mensis page asking for other suggestions. Don't hang back. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:13, 30 Iulii 2017 (UTC) :::[[Fasciculus:PeteSeeger2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3]] That article has a thickly revelatory historical photo, showing the First Lady of the United States being entertained by a U.S. Army soldier who at the time was (secretly) a member of the Communist Party, surrounded by blacks & whites in a city where the mixing of the races at social events was generally prohibited. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:24, 30 Iulii 2017 (UTC) == [[Ecclesia Sancti Ioannis Baptistae in Pulchra Villa]] == Tibi gratias ago, vale!!! [[Usor:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Rei Momo|disputatio]]) 14:33, 16 Augusti 2017 (UTC) == Two formulae or one? == Hi, Iacobe. I notice that you continue to use both "Non stipula" and "Augenda". And why not? Both exist! But I was wondering whether both of them ''need'' to go on existing, or whether we can merge them. What do you think? The advantage of "Augenda" is that it is dated (to the month) automatically, making it easier to see when a page is out of time. A substantive difference between the two is that "Augenda" offers three months, "Non stipula" six months, but that's really just history and I don't believe there's any reason to continue with two different deadlines. Anyway, I'd be glad to hear your views. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:13, 20 Septembris 2017 (UTC) ::I thought we'd agreed that inadequate articles contributed ''before'' some fixed date (July 2016, perhaps) were to get the "Non stipula" formula, and any such articles contributed ''after'' then were to get the "Augenda" one. Maybe the agreement was unclear. ¶ Many times, however, I've asked myself if especially the older "Non stipula" ones shouldn't be sent to some sort of limbo, rather than the death row (so to speak) where they now live, subject to random execution. After all, some of them are in the 10K---or even 1K---list, and Vicipaedia can't afford to go without them. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:55, 20 Septembris 2017 (UTC) :::Indeed, I feel sure you're right and we did say that initially, but I am wondering if the distinction continues to be useful. :::As to being on death row, I see what you mean but I regard these formulae as being the "limbo" rather than the "death row". I don't think I have ever deleted a page that was in the 10,000 (or maybe there was one, consisting of nine totally useless words) and even with other pages I'm sure we all often improve them, to push them over the bar, rather than let them fall. If we're worried about this, incidentally, we could agree that six months is a better deadline than three months. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:22, 20 Septembris 2017 (UTC) :A propos, but a very minor point, I couldn't see what made [[Libatio]] a "Non stipula" so I took out that formula. Please put it back by all means, but maybe with a helpful hint :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:24, 20 Septembris 2017 (UTC) ::Ha! I was just intending to remove the expired "succurre" formula; so you did right. As a rule, all pre-breakfast edits should be subject to more scrutiny than properly caffeinated ones! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:55, 20 Septembris 2017 (UTC) :::A useful rule, I'll remember it! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:22, 20 Septembris 2017 (UTC) == Beneharo == What it means is: That Beneharo accepted the Spanish conquest of the island. In all the Latin articles of these Guanche kings he speaks of this, of the kings who fought against the Spanish conquerors and the kings who peacefully accepted the conquest. :[[Adjoña]], [[Añaterve]], [[Beneharo]] and [[Pelinor]] accepted the conquest peacefully. :[[Acaimo]], [[Bencomo]], [[Pelicar]], [[Romen]] and [[Tegueste II]] did not accept it and war with the Spaniards. Greetings.--[[Specialis:Conlationes/87.223.177.29|87.223.177.29]] 08:21, 25 Septembris 2017 (UTC) == De pagina prima mea== Pagina mea habebat magnos erroros, quaeso adiuvatis me corrigere hos erroros, sed scio Latine male. Debeo scribere: nescio Anglice item. Scribitisne Russice? P. S. Nolite delere paginam meam, Товарищ герцог Мальборо [die 11 Novembris 2017, hora 13:58)] :Ne te crucia: paginas delere nequeo. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:06, 11 Novembris 2017 (UTC) ::Intellegisne quid scribam in pagina de signis? Товарищ герцог Мальборо [die 11 Novembris 2017, hora 13:58)] :::Intellego. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:14, 11 Novembris 2017 (UTC) ::::Num haec pagina habet grammaticos errores? Товарищ герцог Мальборо [die 11 Novembris 2017, hora 13:58)] :::::''Errorus'' non est verbum Latinum. In dictionario vide ''mendum.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:03, 11 Novembris 2017 (UTC) ::::::''Error'' est verbum diclinationis tertiae. Товарищ герцог Мальборо [die 11 Novembris 2017, hora 13:58)] :::::::Ita vero, ''error'' est verbum Latinum; ''erroros'' tamen non est. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:30, 11 Novembris 2017 (UTC) ::::::Videbam huius verbum in vocabularo Dvoretscii. Tamen, quaeso corrigere mea munda in pagina de signis diacriticis. Товарищ герцог Мальборо [die 11 Novembris 2017, hora 13:58)] :::::::Tempore hodie careo. Vale. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:30, 11 Novembris 2017 (UTC) ::::::::Intellego hanc phrasam. Gratias. == Usus declinationis == Salvete! Habebam usum diclinationis antiquae in verbo ''error'': alternatio '''o''' et '''e''' in principio huius diclinationis erat (legebam de historia morphologiae Latinae) Et nota vestra exacta est. In Latina Classica (et Latina vulgaris item) "error" est verbum diclinationis tertiae. P. S. Gratias, commilito. Cognitiones vestrae in Latina magnae sunt, sed meae malae sint. Товарищ герцог Мальборо :Si de historia morphologiae Latinae legebas, optime, o amice. Sed hic scribenti, adiumenta petenti, tibi melius erit consilium accipere: linguá Latiná "erroros" error est :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:43, 12 Novembris 2017 (UTC) :::Gratias, Andrea! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:15, 12 Novembris 2017 (UTC) :: Ubi est linguá Latiná in historia huius linguae? Non videbam haec verba in libro. Videbam tantummodo alternationem diclinationis tertiae. Товарищ герцог Мальборо :::Hmm, melius mihi erit in [[Disputatio Usoris:Товарищ герцог Мальборо|pagina disputationis tua]] respondere. (Ave, Iacobe!) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:49, 12 Novembris 2017 (UTC) Non ''tua'', sed ''vestra''. Respicite meam personam, quaeso[[Disputatio Usoris:Товарищ герцог Мальборо == De [[Henricus Dundas|Dundate]], politico Anglico == Salvete! Si vultis, potestis corrigere meos error'''e'''s huius paginae.[[Usor:Товарищ герцог Мальборо|Товарищ герцог Мальборо]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Товарищ герцог Мальборо|disputatio]]) 16:17, 9 Decembris 2017 (UTC) ==Double infinitive == Happy New Year Iacobus!! This is an example of a double infinitive([https://www.google.com.ph/search?ei=RoBRWrrVIcWR8gX83oj4CQ&q=Ita+hac+opinione+fretus+tuto+se+facere+posse+existimabat.&oq=Ita+hac+opinione+fretus+tuto+se+facere+posse+existimabat.&gs_l=psy-ab.3..33i160k1.25309.25309.0.26605.1.1.0.0.0.0.259.259.2-1.1.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.1.258....0.s2Tr0eS7Ni8 Ita hac opinione fretus tuto se facere posse existimabat.]) with which you created so much attention. Best regards.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 02:09, 7 Ianuarii 2018 (UTC) :Forgive me for intruding -- I have no idea of the context of your discussion, Donald Trump and Michael Wolff must have monopolized ''my'' attention -- but double infinitives are quite often seen in the context of an accusative and infinitive construction (with main verb of saying or thinking, ''existimabat'' in this case) if the leading verb within the construction (''posse'' in this case) would regularly demand an infinitive anyway. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:08, 8 Ianuarii 2018 (UTC) ::Mysteries abound! Maybe someone will supply a link? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:20, 8 Ianuarii 2018 (UTC) My apologies, I can't seem to find the link, I'm obviously mistaken. Although I've been avoiding this usage. Thanks Iacobus and Andrew for clearing this up.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:30, 9 Ianuarii 2018 (UTC) == I reverted ... momentarily ... == ... at [[Septentrio]], because by removing the old interwiki links you demonstrated that, for some strange reason, no Wikidata link had taken their place. So I created a Wikidata link, and then restored your edit. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:04, 9 Ianuarii 2018 (UTC) == Share your experience and feedback as a Wikimedian in this global survey == <div class="mw-parser-output"> <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello! The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey. We want to know how well we are supporting your work on and off wiki, and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation. You have been randomly selected to take this survey as we would like to hear from your Wikimedia community. 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If you need additional help, or if you wish to opt-out of future communications about this survey, send an email through the EmailUser feature to [[:m:Special:EmailUser/WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]] to remove you from the list. Thank you! </div> <span class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">[[m:User:WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]]</span>, 18:41, 29 Martii 2018 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:WMF Surveys@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_Engagement_Insights/MassMessages/Lists/2018/we6&oldid=17881422 --> == Apple or not == Thanks for deleting the stultitias at [[Malum]]. I noticed you rephrased an existing hidden argument about the fruit in the Garden of Eden. I've deleted it now, because surely disputes are for the talk page and the best thing to do with hidden text is, almost always, to remove it. As to the point raised, there's not much wrong with the Latin sentence as it stands, is there? Some people ''do'' call it an apple, and some artists have painted it as such. I guess one could expand the sentence to say that the texts don't support this identification and there are many others. Would that be your solution? But I guess what's really needed is a Latin page corresponding to [[:en:Forbidden fruit]]. The identification is discussed at length there, and illustrated with a Breughel/Raphael painting in which it certainly is an apple, though Adam seems to be looking at the wrong (pair of) fruits. 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We have designed the survey to make it impossible to identify which users have taken the survey, so we have to send reminders to everyone. To opt-out of future surveys, send an email through EmailUser feature to [[:m:Special:EmailUser/WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]]. You can also send any questions you have to this user email. [[m:Community_Engagement_Insights/About_CE_Insights|Learn more about this survey on the project page.]] This survey is hosted by a third-party service and governed by this Wikimedia Foundation [[:foundation:Community_Engagement_Insights_2018_Survey_Privacy_Statement|privacy statement]]. </div> <span class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">[[m:User:WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]]</span>, 00:48, 20 Aprilis 2018 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:WMF Surveys@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_Engagement_Insights/MassMessages/Lists/2018/we6&oldid=17898672 --> == [[Formula:BE-WLX]] == Hi, Iacobe. Your edit to this template was maybe a slip of the pen? I reverted it. A template (formula) isn't an encyclopedia page, needn't be wikified, and shouldn't be lengthened. It wants to be as short and efficient as possible. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:47, 5 Maii 2018 (UTC) :Oops. I didn't notice. Thanks for fixing it! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:45, 5 Maii 2018 (UTC) == Gosh == Gosh, here am I reverting again. That move to [[Syndroma Skuminianum]]: the rule is to cite a source when you move a page, unless you do it to improve poor Latinity. In this case you weren't improving, because (a) syndroma is feminine (if I mistake not, Watson) (b) "Skuminianum" seems to be a made-up word. Tell me if I'm wrong. I found and cited a source for "Syndroma Skumin", see the footnote, but I'm not satisfied with it: it's a wild wiki and could well have been written by our own contributor immediately before our page was created. However, if there is eventually no good source to be found, "Syndroma Skumin" contains no invented words and would therefore remain acceptable as a translated term, if I understand our guidelines correctly. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:31, 9 Maii 2018 (UTC) :Since the time of Caesar at the latest, a syntactic transform functional in the living language has been (and in botany formally remains) freely to add ''(i)anus'' to make an adjective from personal names. See [https://books.google.com/books?id=Xa_CpgHUlbsC&pg=PA174&lpg=PA174&dq=einsteiniana+sunt&source=bl&ots=MQD5Q4HB29&sig=iKYJ3xeT4UCwiXgFNFIXmzGsTf8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjp2PaC4_jaAhXBVt8KHT8fCMcQ6AEwA3oECAAQVA#v=onepage&q=einsteiniana%20sunt&f=false ''formuala illa Einsteiniana''] (by Stephen Berard) and [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2007/nuntius.php?id=334 ''Oratio Bushiana''] (at ''Ephemeris'') and [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/nuntius.php?id=1286 de administratione Trumpiana] (also at ''Ephemeris''). ¶ ''Syndroma'' could well be feminine (and as such it does get hits via Google), but examples of neuter exist, both on the internet (e.g., [https://portal.abczdrowie.pl/pytania/villi-placentares-et-residua-deciduae-sine-villoris-cum-signis-syndromatis-arias-stellae-w-wyniku-badania-histopatologicznego "cum signis syndromatis Arias-Stellae,"] and in Vicipaedia itself (e.g., in [[Antiarrhythmicum]]). Something to be investigated! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:08, 9 Maii 2018 (UTC) ::Well, go ahead, but it's borrowed from classical Greek συνδρομή, 1st decl. feminine, already used by medical authors to mean 'concurrence of symptoms' etc., so I'm thinking those people have made a mistake. ::I agree -ianus and -ensis are actively used in classical-to-current Latin to form new adjectives. If I encounter apparent neologisms of this kind in our ''text'', and they read naturally, and I can understand them, I generally leave them alone. But in pagenames our rules surely don't allow us to make up such words. Since our pagenames are (willy nilly, via Google) an almost universal source on the Latin name for things, and it's good that Vicipaedia (willy nilly, via Google) is taken seriously on this, we should be careful with pagenames and follow our guidelines. ::Of course it's just great if ''Ephemeris'', or the Vatican, or the Linnaean nomenclatura, or a university oration, or any recent Latin publication, gives us the word. That's quite different: we use the word and cite the source. Others can see where we got the word from, and judge the name accordingly. We don't help anyone if we make up words in pagenames. Let's face it, it is common in classical-to-modern Latin to borrow foreign names in an unchanged or transliterated form, and most modern languages do the same. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:11, 9 Maii 2018 (UTC) ::: Who writes ''syndroma, -atis'' commits an understandable mistake called hypercorrection. It's true that the shape of ''syndroma'' suggests a neuter noun for anyone with some knowledge of Greek, but ultimately, each word has a life of its own. The natural Latin counterpart of Greek συνδρομή is ''syndroma, -ae'' like the counterpart of Greek κόμη is ''coma, -ae''. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 16:15, 9 Maii 2018 (UTC) ::::As far as I understood the a-declension in ancient greek for singular (nom., gen., dat., acc.) is: συνδρομή, συνδρομῆς, συνδρομῇ, συνδρομήν; plural: συνδρομαί, συνδρομῶν, συνδρομαῖς, συνδρομας. Would that be correct? Further, I read, it may be possible in latin to use to form of declensions, a latinized and a greek version: ::::Latin: syndroma, -ae, -ae, -am, -ā; -ae, -ārum, -īs, -ās, -īs. ::::"Greek" forms correct?: syndromē, syndromēs ?, syndrome (/-i?), syndromen, syndromē; plural: syndromae, syndromon?, syndromīs?, sydromās, syndromīs? ::::Apud varias dissertationes inaugurales I found several forms of συνδρομή, ''f''. with ''greek'' declensions: nominativi "[https://books.google.de/books?id=L0BdAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA35&dq=dissertatio+inauguralis+syndroma&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRpbHm3szeAhVDNOwKHetZARQQ6AEIVjAG#v=onepage&q=dissertatio%20inauguralis%20syndroma&f=false|ipsa syndrome]", accusativi "[https://books.google.de/books?id=dCsWVLZ3S7MC&pg=PA3&dq=dissertatio+inauguralis+syndromes&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjd-JDN_8zeAhUSzoUKHev8D8U4ChDoAQg1MAI#v=onepage&q=dissertatio%20inauguralis%20syndromes&f=false]syndromen", ablativi "[https://books.google.de/books?id=RhFeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA12&dq=dissertatio+inauguralis+syndroma&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRpbHm3szeAhVDNOwKHetZARQQ6AEIZDAI#v=onepage&q=dissertatio%20inauguralis%20syndroma&f=false|in syndrome]". Somehow it appears to me, the greek derived forms could the preferred ones. What do you think? ::::[[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 19:30, 11 Novembris 2018 (UTC) == à propos == It's amazing how often a chance edit of yours lays bare the fact that something deeper may be wrong with a page. I have now tagged [[Syndroma Skumin]] for deletion. On the disputatio page see my references to the repeated deletion discussions on en:wiki. And please comment, either way :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:54, 9 Maii 2018 (UTC) :A mystery! The doctor's bio in the English wiki does cite the syndrome, but with a link to the French wiki. The Russian has a suffix that seems to make the term ''Skumin's syndrome'' or ''the Skuminian syndrome.'' No more time today. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:26, 9 Maii 2018 (UTC) == Civitate Italus == Salve, Iacobe! Conlator "2A02:A03F:5050:C100:69F0:9420:F30D:545B" maluit ''civitate Italus'' &c scribere, et quidem recte; cf. Cic. de legibus 2.5 "ortu Tusculanus ... civitate Romanus". [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 11:39, 15 Maii 2018 (UTC) :Ubi? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:00, 15 Maii 2018 (UTC) == US of A == Thank you very much for struggling to keep this in its proper place. I have blocked the other user. I notice that the version I restored has L-3. It's a pity that such a busy page is marked thus (though it's not the only one!) Could you possibly try to judge what might be wrong, and, if you can't put it right yourself or the problem is too general, indicate briefly on the talk page where work is needed? That would be really helpful. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:22, 7 Septembris 2018 (UTC) :No time at the moment for any major work, but my memory is that parts of the text are more or less L-1, but some sections are L-3 or worse. Maybe the average could be raised to L-2. As for the renaming of the page: I defended the lemma but thought it best to let a magistrate handle the redirects, lest I inadvertently do something to make the situation worse. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:49, 7 Septembris 2018 (UTC) ::It looks as if yours truly on 11 Iulii 2011 raised the rating from L-4 to L-3 (where it's remained ever since) but had earlier lowered it from L-2 to L-4. Clearly something to check when time becomes available! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:03, 7 Septembris 2018 (UTC) :::Thanks, that already gives useful clues. I'll have a look myself. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:39, 7 Septembris 2018 (UTC) == Mass creation == As with the Big Bang (but unfortunately Wikimedia was not functioning at that epoch, hence the mess the universe is in right now) a mass creation can be mass deleted. As soon as I saw your alert I did that. Another time, no need for you to edit them all: the single message was enough. But thanks for your tireless vigilance! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:30, 20 Septembris 2018 (UTC) :It's good news indeed that you have a reset button—as long as it's applicable globally. What if 100,000 different IP addresses more or less simultaneously added 100,000 articles each? Could that kind of attack be instantly undone too? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:06, 20 Septembris 2018 (UTC) == [[Mohamed Salah]] == I restored the text (which maybe you never saw) just in case the creator wants to emend it: otherwise "delete" will certainly be the answer. In the meanwhile, note the term "ius-winger". How would you go about explaining to Google Translate that it doesn't quite work? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:58, 6 Octobris 2018 (UTC) :The article when it came into view on my screen consisted of a blank page, which naturally wanted to be deleted. "Ius-winger" LOL. Not even "ius-alator" or "alaficator." :D [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:38, 6 Octobris 2018 (UTC) == Three templates are too many? == I suggest that adding three templates all at once, even to a highly unfinished page, is too much: it's like three punches in the nose. If the "augenda" template is attended to, "delenda" will become false; if the "augenda" template is ignored, deletion would follow. Hence, logically, use "delenda" only if the prescriptions given under "augenda" would not cure the problem. Does that work? It is, probably, impossible for unfamiliar users to create a fully satisfactory page via a mobile, but the system encourages them to try. We're mopping up the mess. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:55, 20 Octobris 2018 (UTC) :OK, now that (as chance had it) I'm about done with this basket of hiccups posing as articles! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 20 Octobris 2018 (UTC) ::Wait! It might be said that the Augenda formula doesn't require the text to have a lemma. Novices need to be told precisely the kinds of changes they should make. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:05, 20 Octobris 2018 (UTC) :::I can say "wait!" too. I think I really mean, roughly two templates plus <nowiki>{{Nexus desiderati}}</nowiki>. We have to have interwiki links. But that one is a small template at the foot of the page, more like a dig in the ribs than a punch in the nose ... :::Yes, lemma is true: this user omits lemmata. We could addd that point to the "Augenda" formula. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:16, 20 Octobris 2018 (UTC) ::::It could be said to be there in the phrase "textu, qui rem definit," but novices may take the ''rem'' as being the title, rather than the (boldfaced) subject of the first sentence, so the wording of the Augenda formla might want to be more explicit. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:48, 20 Octobris 2018 (UTC) :::::I added the need for a lemma. One is compromising between the perfect and the possible: not all tirones know how to do boldface (but any subsequent editor can add boldface for them, so I didn't demand it); but then, not all tirones know what a lemma is ... Still, it may help! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:37, 20 Octobris 2018 (UTC) ::::::Macte! Sed in "cum nomine paginae congruens" melius ''congruente''? Sive quam speciose ''congruente paginae nomine'' (the model syntax in Bradley's Arnold being ''vera animi magnitudo'' 'true greatness of mind')? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:29, 20 Octobris 2018 (UTC) == [[LZ 129 Hindenburg]] == I noticed your helpful edits to this page. I changed the order of the supplementa to "Notae, Bibliographia, Nexus interni, Nexus externi" as we [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 18#Structura paginae|discussed]] and [[Vicipaedia:Structura paginae|fixed it in 2011]] and [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:Structura paginae#Placement of Nexus interni|confirmed it in 2016]] ... Easy to forget, I know! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:02, 21 Novembris 2018 (UTC) == [[Ricardus Simmons]] == It's maybe worth explaining, incidentally ... I see ''now'' the history of "Ricardus Simmons" with all your reverts and all your improvements, but I never saw any of them at the time when you made them because you marked them all as "minor". You're a highly trusted, highly experienced user, so I don't check your minor edits, and I don't suppose any other magistratus checks them either. That's why your capitalized appeal to sleeping MAGISTRATUS was never seen by me, nor, probably, by any magistratus, even when we woke up. By ticking the "minor" box you were saying "No one needs to look at this", and that included the edit summary. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:37, 3 Decembris 2018 (UTC) :Oh. I didn't know that. My screen shows all the minor edits, where much of the action is! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:27, 3 Decembris 2018 (UTC) ::And I'm very glad you do watch them. It's amazing how many undesirable small edits you catch and correct. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:22, 3 Decembris 2018 (UTC) :::I shouldn't have reverted you today -- Jeff Dunham's Latin was worse than I thought. This happened because I had improved it and had then carelessly reverted ''myself''. 31 December resolution: no more reverts. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:54, 31 Decembris 2018 (UTC) == [[Seleucia ad Tigrim]] == I noticed your much-needed improvements, also the move of an image to the top of the page. I moved it back again -- here's why. There was already one image at the top (a map); if we put multiple images at the top of any page, it means, on a mobile screen, you have to sweep downwards some way before you see any text at all. Half our readers, or more, are on mobiles, and many of these with short attention spans, and it's better if they see at least some text before flicking on impatiently. In fact the Wikimedia people who do the mobile design recommend ''no'' image before the first paragraph of text. Personally I think that would be pointless or counter-productive -- and an enormously laborious change on all the Wikipedias -- but ''only one'' image before the text is probably a goodish idea. As to ''which'' image should come at the top, that's quite another question, one that is well worth pondering, if we hope to catch the eyes of the same mobile readers. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:37, 5 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) :How about putting all such files but the first immediately after the first paragraph, as I've just done with [[Petropolis (Dacota Meridiana)]]? Since we don't know how they're going to sort themselves out later, when articles will be expanding, often by a huge factor (five! ten! twenty! forty!), we might as well just put them in one place and let later graphic designers choose their best locations. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:00, 5 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) ::For the same reason, and for general design reasons, it's surely better still to sprinkle them through: one at the head of each section or each paragraph ... Which is roughly what we normally do anyway ... A big bunch of images at any point suggests a badly designed article. If starting a stub one might add a couple of extra images that seem essential so as to have them ready when expanding, but why more? Those who come along afterwards to enlarge the article will want to choose, and will have more and different images to choose from than we have, and can look at en: and other wikis to get more ideas: to spend time choosing for them would be a waste, wouldn't it? ... But I must admit, life is short, the art of writing a Vicipaedia is long, we merely do our best :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 5 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) ::On another matter, I hope you don't disapprove of the "page-of-the-day" idea for the [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima]]. In the nature of things, choosing among recent pages means choosing yours as well as others ... No harm in highlighting them, I feel. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:47, 5 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) == Shorter way? == Not wishing to divert a discussion that's going on elsewhere, I comment here: ''everything else'' (as in ''Lord High Everything Else'') is crying out for use as a descriptor either of the set of humans who are potentially relevant to that association, or of the set of humans who are not potentially relevant to it. But I'm hanged if I know which. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:52, 16 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) == Articulus == Hi. I've seen that you have recently changed an "articulus" into a "capitulum". No strong feelings about the question on my side (although according to the Pons dictionary, "capitulum" is as much late Latin as "articulus"). I just want to make sure it's all thought through, because laws also have "chapters". That particular treaty e.g. has titles which have chapters which have sections which have articles which have paragraphs. If we make that titulus-caput-sectio-capitulus-paragraphus, would that actually work (I was going to write "pars" for "section", but some laws also have "parts")? If you think that's good and there can be a consensus about it, I'm willing to follow. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 20:14, 24 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) :Long ago (2006? 2007? 2008?), if memory serves, some reasonably skilled Latinists noticed that beginners were typically using ''articulus'' to denote articles in Vicipaedia; after discussion, the consensus was to use ''commentarius'' or ''commentariolus'' or ''commentatio'' or something like those. But as you point out, the structural hierarchies inherent in constitutions, laws, and treaties do invite multiple terms, each denoting one level, and so maybe the obvious parallels of ''articulus'' for 'article' and ''sectio'' for 'section' would be a good idea, so feel free to propose a complete list (in Taberna). For reference: Cassell's has ''caput'' and ''condicio'' for 'article' = "a clause or item in a law or agreement," and Traupman has ''caput'' for 'article' = "clause in a law" (reserving ''articulus'' for the grammatical sense of the English word). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:57, 24 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) == Condicio == Hi there. Are you sure about your change? This was supposed to be the noun going with ''condo'', not ''condico''... [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 07:53, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) :[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dcondicio Vide L&S II.B.] + De ''conditione,'' Cassell's ait: '(1) pickling or preserving of fruits' et '(2) a seasoning, making savoury' + Traupman ait: 'seasoning; method of preserving (''food'')'. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:51, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) ::Thanks, but when I follow your link I don't see any definition of ''condicio'' that corresponds to what is meant. So, what is the noun then that expresses that ''Communitas '''condita''' est''. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 12:59, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) :::What are you trying to say about it? 'Regarding the founding of the community' could be ''de communitate condita.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:37, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) ::::Just like ''ab urbe condita'' "from the founding/foundation of the city". Sorry to intrude :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:47, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) :::::I was hoping he'd find it himself. :/ [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:53, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) ::::::You're a good teacher. You put it into my mind as well. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:11, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) This (in the original languages):<br> traité instituant la Communauté (économique) européenne<br>Vertrag zur Gründung der Europäischen (Wirtschafts)gemeinschaft<br>trattato che istituisce la Comunità (Economica) Europea<br>verdrag tot oprichting van de Europese (Economische) Gemeenschap<br>So, completely different try: Foedus Communitatem (Oeconomicam) Europaeam instituens? [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 14:31, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) :Ah, I see. Iacobe, correct me if I say something silly. I think this also wants a verb form, as in Sigur's last suggestion ... but not a participle. It wants a gerundive: "Foedus ad communitatem ... instituendam". Am I on the right track? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:00, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) ::Yes, now that we know what it was trying to say, once again we've had the same thought, though the genitive (''foedus communitatis instituendae'') may also do. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:09, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) :::I like yours better, and it's even closer to the French example (historically the Latin gerundive actually became the French participle). The Italian method, using a relative clause, might work but would be more clumsy. Evidently Germanic languages go for nouns. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:17, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) ::::Great. So then the Lisbon Treaty in full blossom (i.e. Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community) becomes: ''Foedus Olisipone ictum Foedus de Unione Europaea et Foedus Communitatis Europaeae instituendae mutans''. OK? ::::And while I have you here: You're OK with "mutans" as well? Because I've translated "amending" elsewhere, I'd rather get it right. ::::Finally, because I never get enough: Could you also have a look [[Disputatio:Foedus unicum Europaeum|here]]? That would be very helpful. Thanks! [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 17:09, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) :::::''Mutans'' is usually transitive, and ''de X mutans'' makes it intransitive, and 'to amend' is ''emendare'' (or ''corrigere''). Maybe the best solution is to break it apart with a clause: ''Foedus Olisipone ictum, quod foedera Europaearum unionis communitatisque instituendae emenda(vi)t.'' That's a mouthful! Otherwise, I'm busy at the moment. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:31, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) For some time when you're less busy: What it needs to be is a phrase that could have been the title of the first page of the treaty if it had been written in Latin alongside all the other language versions that exist. One thing this means IMHO is that we need to keep the titles of the two amended treaties as they are (except for inflection). There is a '"Treaty ''on'' European Union" (French: 'traité ''sur'' l'Union européenne") and a "Treaty ''establishing'' the European Community" (French: "traité ''instituant'' la Communauté européenne"). Lumping that together the way you do may sound nicer, but it seems to me too liberal a translation to be correct. And would one really use a relative clause in that way in a treaty title? It sounds weird to me, but maybe I'm just not familiar enough with Latin treaty drafting. And yes, I see they did it in Italian, so maybe... (Of course, this is only to be used once, to give the full title of the treaty, not to refer to it anywhere else.) If you think ''emendare'' is the verb of choice, I'll use it; I avoided it, because it also means "to improve" making things less neutral, but admittedly the names are given by the people who make the changes, and those will never say they make things worse... [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 20:08, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) :Thanks for your continued hospitality, Iacobe! I'm busy too, but briefly: Latin is concise, so if the translated title is shorter than in other languages, fine. I think I would have done almost exactly the same as Iacobus except that I would have put the relative clause in the passive: "... quo foedera de unione et communitate Europaea emendantur". You would certainly find other examples of Latin officialese in that style. I am putting the adjective "Europaea" in the singular, but one can argue that the plural is logical. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:07, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) == Decadus == Hi, I've seen your changes on ''Calendarium republicanum Francicum'', and I wonder if you have a source for ''decadus, -ūs'', as you have used it. I think it would be great to mention a source there (even if not online), because it's difficult to find (at least for me...). ''Decadus'' is so close to the French ''décade'' that it would be really perfect with a source. Otherwise, I admit that my version was only a half-educated guess in the first place (coined on triduum, quadriduum and the occasional octoduum), but a three-quarter-educated guess might also be ''decemduum'' for which I've even found a source [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_G9ZBal6CIc4C/page/n297 here] (right column on page 85) . I also wonder whether there might be a decent Latin word somewhere for the ten-day period of the ancient Egyptian calendar. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 20:35, 19 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) :A few other sources for "decemduum" in recent Latin can be found, it seems to me. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:05, 19 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) ::Other than [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vu_Thanh2/publication/6885374_Lipomyces_orientalis_sp_nov_a_yeast_species_isolated_from_soil_in_Vietnam/links/56a53bf508ae1b6511329549/Lipomyces-orientalis-sp-nov-a-yeast-species-isolated-from-soil-in-Vietnam.pdf this], on the internet, it would generally seem to be scanning errors. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 21:12, 19 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) :::For 'decade', Cassell's has ''decem anni'' (but of course that excludes nonannual decades, like sections of the rosary), Traupman has ''decas, -adis,'' f., and (again for the temporal sense) Vicipaedia has been known to use ''decennium.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:51, 19 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) ::::Oh, I see. It seems you had the unlikely ''decadua'' (n. pl.), which, since A and S are adjacent keys on the QWERTY keyboard, I interpreted as a typo for ''decadus'' (m. pl.) and assumed you had a source! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:54, 19 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) Let's continue on the relevant [[Disputatio:Calendarium republicanum Francicum|talk page]]. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 22:56, 19 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) == [[Akihitus]] == We were both nibbling at the edges of [[Akihitus]] at the same time. I hope I didn't lose anything of yours with my last saves. All yours now if you want, but I'll look at it again in about 6 hours and might add a bit more at that point. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:57, 30 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) :It's all yours! I was just tinkering idly (and not quite awake) while sipping the morning's coffee! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:28, 30 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) ==Fifty-storey building== How to describe a "fifty-storey" building? See [[Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower]]. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:50, 5 Maii 2019 (UTC) :Well, Caesar speaks of a ''turris quattuor tabulatorum,'' so I'd guess ''aedificium quinquaginta tabulatorum.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:59, 5 Maii 2019 (UTC) ::Seems good. I thought you'd appreciate "L-fabula", which was the initial attempt :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:07, 5 Maii 2019 (UTC) :::Yeah, that's a scream, and the typography makes it worse: "tawā)L-fabula." Over & over we see our East Asian friends rejecting the idea that a space wants to go before & after parentheses. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:14, 5 Maii 2019 (UTC) == Heterophylophilia == I saw your <nowiki>{{dubsig}}</nowiki> [[Homophylophilia#Alii conceptus|here]]. As similar formulations occur elsewhere in the article as well, wouldn't it be worth elaborating (perhaps in the talk page there, I'm just trying to draw your attention here)? [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 18:26, 17 Maii 2019 (UTC) :Perhaps, but time is not unlimited! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:42, 17 Maii 2019 (UTC) == Willy Brandt == Hi. You wrote: "Eodem anno, pseudonymum ''Willy Brandt'' legitime accepit." But wouldn't that mean that he legitimately acquired the pseudonym ''Willy Brandt''? Which is not what happened: He had had the pseudonym ''Willy Brandt'' since 1934, and in 1949 he made it his legal name. ("1948" was a typo of mine). [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 15:38, 9 Iunii 2019 (UTC) :I was just interpreting what the original seemed to mean. ¶ In any case, both Cassell's and Traupman tell us to translate 'legal' as ''legitimus'' (not, for example, ''legalis''). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:54, 9 Iunii 2019 (UTC) == Likely overlap? == It seems to me there's a large potential overlap between existing categories on the pattern [[:Categoria:Aegypti scripta]] and the ones you are now creating on the pattern [[:Categoria:Litterae Aegypti]]. What's your view on this? So as not to confuse others we should be clear about the difference, I think. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:42, 12 Augusti 2019 (UTC) :Yes, these will have to be sorted out someday. For 'literature', both Cassell's and Traupman give ''litterae,'' and Cassell's adds ''litterarum monumenta'' (pl.). I think of ''scripta'' (rightly or wrongly!) as being 'writings', written objects, and so that term would be fine under which to collect books, librettos, newspapers, poems, and so forth, whereas literature, as a metaphor (with a meaning that goes well beyond the mere letters of the alphabet), seems larger, including nontangible things, like concepts & techniques & prizes. (So ''scripta'' would be a subcategory of ''litterae.'') Also, we have the example of ''Litterarum humanarum doctor'' (L.H.D., Doctor of Humane Letters), where ''litterae humanae,'' the humane letters, are the humanities in general. I haven't seen anything similar with ''scripta.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:07, 13 Augusti 2019 (UTC) ::Yes, I've been putting the new "litterae" as subcategories of "scripta", but I see it makes sense the other way round. Thank you. I'll implement that right away. ::I quite agree that "Scripta" works bbest as a category for single written/printed texts. At the time those "Scripta" categories were introduced, in about 2008 (?), Vicipaedia had practically nothing else in the literary field. Recently, thank goodness, we have more, and it is largely your achievement. ::I'm happy to go ahead on that basis. It should work well. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:27, 13 Augusti 2019 (UTC) :::Cool. Now I must get back to the myrias list. I had [[Litterae Arabicae]] about ready to go last night, but lost the text to a frozen screen resulting from a presumed virus that tried (and failed) to come in when I clicked on the article's link to the ''Jerusalem Post.'' To save everybody else the trouble, that link will be disappearing from the posted article! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:50, 13 Augusti 2019 (UTC) ::::I think I've built the right structure based on the categories you had created so far: see e.g. [[:Categoria:Litterae per civitates digestae]]. Getting the interwiki links right is my next job, not all done yet. Meanwhile, no reason not to create further categories on the same pattern as [[:Categoria:Litterae Canadae]] if you want to. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:03, 13 Augusti 2019 (UTC) :::::My goodness! You've gone into overdrive, but the result is looking much better organized. Several more of those general articles among the 10,000 important pages are beckoning, and I'm doing them in the order listed. Macte! (He said, getting ready for lunch.) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:11, 13 Augusti 2019 (UTC) === About the languages concerned === Now here's a different question. You'll notice from my first response to the page [[Litterae Britanniae]] that the introductory argumentation about which places and which languages are involved in these articles strikes an outside observer (I mean, this outside observer) as strange and slanted. A part of the introduction to [[Litterae Franciae]], now that I read it, strikes me the same way. I know, of course, that you're translating -- incidentally, that has surely been a good way to start -- so my characterization of slanted strangeness or strange slantedness applies not to your writing but to the way things get hammered out on en:wiki! So I make an offer. When you've done your initial work on the national literature pages, I could add a short paragraph, somewhere soon after the lead, saying which languages are involved and when. It would be relevant to la:wiki, of course, because it would incidentally show when and to what extent Latin is relevant; and it's an area I've done some work in. Any use? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:54, 14 Augusti 2019 (UTC) :By all means, and no need to wait, as the rules of the ten-thousand-word game prefer quantity over quality (or should we say over length), so I'm adding new articles briefly, rather than developing them fully. If time allows, I'm translating the whole introduction, usually several paragraphs (down to where the English wiki puts the table of contents and the first big subhead), but these are topics that can go on and on. :Incidentally, looking for Dewey decimal numbers for these articles shows that Dewey and his people have had trouble with a similar issue: how to handle languages and countries (or regions). For example, [[Poetae Confoederationis]] (poets of the Canadian confederacy) is '''811.409971''' = '''8''' Literature / '''81''' American & Canadian / '''811''' Poetry / '''811.4''' Later 19th century [and so on], whereas [[Litterae Canadae]] is '''819.1''' = '''8''' Literature / '''81''' American & Canadian / '''819''' American literature in English outside the USA / '''819.1''' English literature from Canada. So Canadian poetry in English is not a subset of Canadian literature in English! (And where is Canadian literature in French?) Something similar happens with [[Litterae Arabicae]] and national or regional literatures in Arabic. I haven't looked at the literature of India & Pakistan, but I'd expect the numbers to be equally problematic. :Up today: [[Litterae Sinarum|China]]. The Dewey number is '''895.1''' = '''8''' Literature / '''89''' Other languages [than American & Canadian, English, German, French, Italian, Spanish & Portuguese, Latin, Greek] / '''891''' East Asian / '''891.1''' Chinese—but "American & Canadian" isn't a language, and "Chinese" isn't a single language, and so on. The world is a slippery mess. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:21, 14 Augusti 2019 (UTC) ::Yes, that was the slippery mess that we tried to sort out just a tiny bit by having separate categories by language and by country. At that time we were the only Wikipedia doing it, but now the Germans and some others have imitated us. There are even some literature-by-language categories on en:wiki! Unluckily those people didn't know they were imitating us, so their categories have not usually been linked to ours. I find I have quite a bit of sorting out to do on Wikidata. ::Therefore, go ahead of course with creating categories like "Categoria:Litterae Iaponiae". There will always be categories like "Categoria:Iaponiae scripta" and "Categoria:Scriptores Iaponiae" which you can make into subcategories of your new one. And don't worry if there is a momentary interwiki conflict: I will get to it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:13, 18 Augusti 2019 (UTC) :::In regard to which, one happens to notice that the English wiki has the categories "Persian literature" and "Persian-language literature," of which the latter seems analogous to those with ". . . scripta." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:18, 18 Augusti 2019 (UTC) ::::You're right. To me, those two English categories look like duplicates: both are categorized under "Category:Literature by language". But I think I'll leave someone else to deal with that :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:50, 18 Augusti 2019 (UTC) == Greenberg == I noticed that you touched this new page momentarily. Would you care to improve the second paragraph? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:08, 5 Septembris 2019 (UTC) :Definitely would, but time is lacking! Oh well. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:18, 5 Septembris 2019 (UTC) ::OK, done! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:24, 5 Septembris 2019 (UTC) == Taxobox == I'm testing a new version of the plant/animal taxobox, making it look more like our newer infoboxes. You create a lot of plant and animal pages, so please, if you have a moment, look at some pages and see what you think. It's work in progress. * The main taxonomic detail seems to be working correctly. If the layout, order, font size should be improved, it'll be easy to experiment. * With the supplementary information (fossil range, conservation status, synonyms, subdivisions) a heading will certainly appear, at the foot of the box, if there is any information to display. Click on "expand". OK: the question is, having clicked on "expand", do you see anything useful? It would be good to have a note of a few pages on which the answer is No! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:35, 4 Octobris 2019 (UTC) ::Ahhh. Busy at the moment, but will check later. Note that it's sometimes useful to list intermediate groupings (superorders, subfamilies, tribes, and whatnot), so that capability needs to be retained. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:49, 4 Octobris 2019 (UTC) :::I think they are all in there -- amazing how many there are -- but do please verify. Any subdivision that is listed on our page should appear, just like the previous version. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:20, 4 Octobris 2019 (UTC) ::::Is (the bizarre) ''parvordo'' there? No time to check. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:09, 5 Octobris 2019 (UTC) :::::Speaking of bizarre, what do you think of the modern coinages of ''[[mortido]]'' (''-inis'') & ''[[destrudo]]'' (''-inis'') to signify the [[antonymum|antonym]] of ''[[libido]]''? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:11, 5 Octobris 2019 (UTC) ::::::I prefer not even to think about them, but thank you for the opportunity :) ::::::I have visited all the taxoboxes that have a "Fossil range" section (about 200 of them). It took me quite some time to see how the formula {{fn|Fossil range}} works. It is amazing how many different ways editors have discovered to avoid using it quite as intended (these will be editors on en:wiki: you and I, I think, have just tended to copy-and-paste what they did). But it's not really amazing, because the usage is not self-evident and very easy to get wrong. ::::::I think that all of these formulae {{fn|Fossil range}} are now consistently used: they all show a date range on the timeline diagram, though in some cases it's too brief to be visible; they all show both the date range and the first-and-last geological periods in text form, and the periods are linked to relevant articles. See for example [[Hominidae]] (it's the "palaeontologia" section of the taxobox). I decided that "Recent" is [[Recens]] (redirected to "Holocaenum"), not the many other Latin versions that we have all used. I decided that the correct case for the geological periods is the accusative of length-of-time, because the taxon concerned lived during the period concerned -- and since the period names are adjectives functioning as neuter nouns, the accusative always has the same form as our pagename, making the links so very nice and simple. I felt really happy after deciding this, so I hope you can find a way to avoid telling me it doesn't work grammatically! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:41, 7 Octobris 2019 (UTC) :::::::Happiness is always to be recommended! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:24, 7 Octobris 2019 (UTC) ::::::To see how to use this formula in the future -- it actually is easy when you're in the habit -- see the instruction at {{fn|Fossil range}}. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:41, 7 Octobris 2019 (UTC) :::::::A problem I see with the new taxoboxes is how they appear in the layout of the whole page: their leftmost boundary touches the rightmost letters of the main text. All other fasciculi, whether printing on the left side or the right side, are separated from the text by a space maybe two ems wide. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:24, 7 Octobris 2019 (UTC) :::::::: Thank you for spotting this! I have fixed the margins. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 19:40, 7 Octobris 2019 (UTC) :::::::::Macte! It looks much better now! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:05, 7 Octobris 2019 (UTC) ::::::::::Yes, thank you to both, I was focusing too firmly on the box and didn't notice that it touched the text. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:08, 7 Octobris 2019 (UTC) == !--???-- == Looking at your latest fossil fish, I noticed a hidden message I hadn't seen before <nowiki>{{Fontes biologici}}<!--???--></nowiki> Why the three queries? Since I designed the "Fontes biologici" formula, maybe they are trying to say something to me? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:17, 8 Novembris 2019 (UTC) :Three catch more eyes than one does! At the time, IIRC, that formula was printing blankly, something like this: ::Situs scientifici: :Maybe the fontes don't appear until the system has registered an article elsewhere, giving it a Q-number, or whatever it is. Anyway, it's good to know that the formula works on new articles with no effort on the part of authors. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:54, 8 Novembris 2019 (UTC) ::Yes, you have it. It requires the link to be made at Wikidata. I know you don't do that, but once a bot has done it, the formula will work automatically. So no need for the queries -- just crossed fingers or a leap of faith :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:59, 8 Novembris 2019 (UTC) == Categories for fossils == En:wiki is anything but consistent, but its best way of timing the flourishing of extinct taxa is to give two categories, one for when they started, the other for when they stopped. So I've given us categories like that, and I have added them to your latest fish. You could do this regularly if you like. In these three cases the method gives "Categoria:Silurio nata" and "Categoria:Silurio exstincta". There is duplication (of "Silurio") here, but it's a method that anyone can easily apply, so I suggest we can live with this. I have removed the category "Fossilia" because all extinct Linnean taxa are based on fossils, so "Fossilia" is a supercategory of all the "... exstincta" categories. [PS: Well, it is now. I thought I had fixed that already, but I had forgotten, so thanks for bringing it to mind.] [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:17, 8 Novembris 2019 (UTC) :Coding is getting so complicated that an author can hardly remember all its quirks, but we plod on. You might be interested to know that in Dewey Decimal Classification, fossils are so distinctive that they get their own trinumeral, and even their own binumeral group. All fish are 597, one of the ten divisions of group 59, Animalia—except that all fish known only as fossils are 567, a division of 56, "Fossils and prehistoric life." (One wonders whether the coelacanth was allowed to change its number when it turned up alive.) You can always tell what I'm thinking a text is about by checking its Dewey number. Since that system, like any such system, is a bit leaky, the number will sometimes be a little off, or even a mistake, but it'll be apt most of the time. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:10, 8 Novembris 2019 (UTC) ::Like all former librarians, I know and love (!) those Dewey numbers ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:01, 8 Novembris 2019 (UTC) :::Surely it's a love–hate relationship? Someone you know tears his hair from time to time, trying to find the aptest number for a given topic. It doesn't help that some of the numbers have changed over time, and because the system is copyrighted, the most recent version generally available dates from seventysomething years ago. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 05:30, 18 Novembris 2019 (UTC) == Mons Gerardus == I am quite new to Latin, would you please correct the text of Mons Gerardus? The episcope was thrown down he hill during the revolt... [[Usor:Kapeter77|Kapeter77]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Kapeter77|disputatio]]) 08:32, 17 Novembris 2019 (UTC) ::Thank you for your help. Now I am trying to create another page via the new page translation. Can you please have a look? https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:_Insula_Margherita [[Usor:Kapeter77|Kapeter77]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Kapeter77|disputatio]]) 01:14, 18 Novembris 2019 (UTC) :::The text reads: "Insula Margherita est [[Insula|insula in]] [[Budapestinum]]. July XX, MMXIII ad [[ Alba XIII. perimetri|Alba XIII. regio est]] ubi, quia recta administratio est in caput Hungaria. Quidam hotels, metus partis palaestras stadia exstructa, et [[ Marcus Island Water Tower|Margareta Island Water Tower]] nisi aedificationes non non quod omnis insula est in actu ingens [[Viridarium|parco]] quidem in caput ingens parco medii aevi sacris architecturae monumenta, in memoriam propter viam ad parva lacus. Et vehiculum traffic - [[Laophorium|buses]] et [[Taxiraeda|taxis]] exceptio - Nemo, tetendit insidias in [[ Arpad uero pontem (Budapestini)|Arpad pontem]] militat accessible raedam est. In [[2011|MMXI]], secundum numerum unc Insulanus populi population est III, in tertiam et numerum mansionum." :::Sadly, that's not in Latin. It's incomprehensible. Machines haven't yet learned about conjugations & declensions. Nothing can be done about that without the expense of more time than is available. Oh well. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 05:23, 18 Novembris 2019 (UTC) ::::Hint, for example: ''insula in Budapestinum'' means 'an island into Budapest'. If you want to say 'an island in Budapest', you need the locative case (or its equivalent), something that students "quite new to Latin" aren't likely to have learned. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 05:23, 18 Novembris 2019 (UTC) == Mutual intelligibility == Salve, Iacobe. You might have a suggestion to make at [[Disputatio:Lingua Neapolitana]]. If so, please make it! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:37, 18 Novembris 2019 (UTC) == Logotypus == Hi. Personally, I have no idea, but the name of the relevant page is the neuter [[Logotypum]]... [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 14:57, 5 Decembris 2019 (UTC) :The lemma was masculine, with a plausible etymology, when I wrote the article! See https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logotypum&diff=2820099&oldid=2819462 [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:02, 5 Decembris 2019 (UTC) ::All fine with me. I'll let you fight it out with Andrew (who moved that page), if he insists. - [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 17:17, 5 Decembris 2019 (UTC) :::Hadn't seen this till now. No Latin source was ever cited. It's normal in Latin to borrow technical terms from Greek, so I checked the Greek term and found it was neuter. That's fairly normal in Greek, and therefore in borrowed Latin, for a compound term based on a masculine word. If there's a strong reason why this word should be masculine in Latin, or if there's a Latin source, feel free to move again. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:48, 27 Decembris 2019 (UTC) ::::''Typus'' is masculine in Stearn's ''Botanical Latin'' and elsewhere in biological writing, but we have: [https://rateyourmusic.com/release/album/%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B7_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85/homo_logotypus/ this too.] Also, in addition to ''logotypum,'' the form ''logotypa'' can be found on the internet, sometypes neuter, sometimes feminine, and sometimes a typo for the English singular! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:57, 27 Decembris 2019 (UTC) :::::Oh, well, thanks for searching! Let's not go for the feminine .,. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:01, 27 Decembris 2019 (UTC) == Nontrinitarianismus == Salve, Iacobe! Habesne fontem verbo [[:Categoria:Nontrinitarianismus|nontrinitarianismus]] (vel fortasse ''atrinitar(ian)ismus'')? Verbum ''antitrinitarismus'' inveni ([https://books.google.com/books?id=9y9AAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA122&dq=Antitrinitarismum hic] et [https://books.google.com/books?id=m1AxAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=antitrinitarismi hic]), sed nec ''nontrinitarianismus'' nec ''nontrinitarismus''. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 22:49, 26 Decembris 2019 (UTC) == Wikidata == Hi there. Is there a a reason why you manually link your new pages to the English Wikipedia, instead of linking them to Wikidata? I don't see the point, but maybe I'm missing something here... [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 21:37, 13 Ianuarii 2020 (UTC) :Doing this shortens the labour of creating any new page on a plant or animal. I save my first version of the page, I link it immediately at Wikidata, and then I use the sources that come up in <nowiki>{{Fontes biologici}}</nowiki> to verify the name and sometimes suggest a correction or an additional citation. Worth a try! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:05, 15 Februarii 2020 (UTC) == Andreas Chenier == I was working on this at the same time. Perforce I overwrote your edits, but I'll now go back and incorporate them. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:10, 13 Februarii 2020 (UTC) :I did so, with minor variations. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:35, 13 Februarii 2020 (UTC) == Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj == Just in case he is next on your list: You will find him as "Muslim Nisaburensis" [https://books.google.com/books?id=4XhFAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA410&dq=nisaburensis here]; and the form "Muslimus" for the name "Muslim" also occurs (e.g. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=de&id=vGY-AAAAYAAJ&dq=muslimus&q=muslimus#v=snippet&q=muslimus&f=false here]). [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 22:15, 12 Martii 2020 (UTC) :Thanks for the tip! Indeed, his name could be coming up in about ten days. You may not have noticed that I'm contributing articles on a ten-day cycle, adapted to what's conventionally called the Dewey Decimal System. :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:38, 13 Martii 2020 (UTC) ::I like to look at your new pages, but I'm evidently no codebreaker: I hadn't guessed that system. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:53, 13 Martii 2020 (UTC) :::I'm no codebreaker either. In fact, until today, I knew very exactly nothing at all about the Dewey Decimal System. I just had had a look [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Wikipediis contineri oportet/Expansio/Homines#Religiones "Abrahamicae" dictae|here]] and realised what his last activities on that list had been. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 13:43, 13 Martii 2020 (UTC) ::::Cycling through the Dewey numbers began by accident in December. It can be discerned in the fourth column from the left in the table showing progress [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:IacobusAmor/100wikidays(3) in the current 100-day challenge]. It's getting hard to maintain. No guarantees that it'll continue! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:55, 13 Martii 2020 (UTC) == [[Ioannes Petrus Thiollet]] == You may have noticed that an anonymous editor, either [[Ioannes Petrus Thiollet|the above in person]] or his best friend, has been spamming references to him with increasing enthusiasm, mostly in articles about music. Anonymity in such cases usually suggests a conflict of interest. I have just removed most of those references. I would trust your judgment on this: if you feel that any of my edits over the last hour should be reverted, because the references I deleted are really useful, please revert me! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:05, 23 Martii 2020 (UTC) :That's fine. We hardly need someone's recent memoirs as a source for the fact that Dinu Lipatti was a pianist! Whose birthname, btw, according to Wikipedia, was ''Constantin''[''us''], and ''Dinu'' is a nickname. How should Vicipaedia handle that? There may still be no consensus about how to specify brithnames, nicknames, pen names, stage names, and the like. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:11, 23 Martii 2020 (UTC) ::Evidently the creator of this page wasn't aware of the etymology (nor was I). Our normal practice is to resolve abbreviated forenames into the Latin version of the real or official name that they represent. If the abbreviated forename doesn't correspond to the subject's real or official name, then I don't think we have a rule: we sort of do what comes naturally :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:45, 3 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) == [[Linguae Malayo-Polynesiae]] == Hi, Iacobe. Notice the deletion on this page by [[:en:User:Austronesier]] (a serious contributor at en:). It's up to you, I don't know the background, but you might want to reinstate the deleted text? or invite Austronesier to discuss? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:26, 26 Martii 2020 (UTC) :Thanks. I saw it but had other things to do. The contributor said the big paragraph that he deleted was obsolete, but that doesn't make it any less a fact if the cited scholar did write what the text said he wrote. It'd be helpful for someone to import the newer taxonomy, but that's not on my to-do list at the moment. Must hasten to add today's article from the myrias list: [[Machina quaesitoria]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:39, 26 Martii 2020 (UTC) == [[Muslim Nisaburensis]] == Hi, Iacobe. It would have been helpful to add a link to the article, even the page, where this Latin name was found! In this case I've now followed your tracks (ah, I see that we were both following Sigur's tracks) and I've added the links myself. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:16, 29 Martii 2020 (UTC) :A link (the one found by Sigur) was captured in the first draft, but while phrases were being moved around and footnotes inserted, it took the opportunity to escape! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:29, 29 Martii 2020 (UTC) ::Of course, I understand now! That happens to me as well ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:15, 29 Martii 2020 (UTC) == Lets stop our "full stop war"! == Salve Iacobe! Laborem, quem in Vicipaedia Latina ex decenniis demonstravisti, maxime admiro. Propono autem, ut bellum nostrum "calidum" de punctis in fine subscriptionum addendis an non addendos finiremus. Video duas solutiones: Aut disputationem a me olim in Taberna incohatam (vide [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 25#Num oportet omnes subscriptiones puncto concludere?]]) ad consensum ferremus aut uterque nostri altero propriam consuetudinem in punctis addendis respective sinendis concedet. Quid est opinio tua? [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 01:09, 8 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) : Disputavimus etiam hic: [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 27#Punctum an non?]]. Ut valeatis optime! --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 19:21, 8 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) == Constantinopolis article == Hello. [[Constantinopolis]] does not have a truly and solely mediterranean climate. That is incorrect. It has a transitional climate of three climate types: the [[:en:oceanic climate|oceanic climate]], the [[:en:humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical climate]] and the [[:en:mediterranean climate|mediterranean climate]]. Please see the climate section of [[:en:Istanbul#Geography|Istanbul]] and of other Istanbul articles in Wikipedia. Please correct this by using the sources in the Istanbul articles. Yours sincerely, [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.14.219|31.200.14.219]] 16:10, 19 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) :The English wikipedia, by far the product of the most human calculating brainpower (and therefore worthy of respect), says: "In the Köppen–Geiger classification system, Istanbul has a borderline Mediterranean climate (''Csa''), humid subtropical climate (''Cfa'') and oceanic climate (''Cfb''), due to its location in a transitional climatic zone." If you want to translate that entire explanation (and the omitted matter that follows), by all means go ahead! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:14, 19 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) ::Hello. ::I requested the correction from you, because you know Latin, and I don't. I only partially understand it. As it stands, it is wrong. Trying to correct it myself was wrong and it backfired. Sorry. Can you send me a reply. Certainly, I do have a right to alert and ask users like yourself for a correction, when something is incorrect or partially incorrect. There are not many Latin speakers around. Can you correct this? Can you improve this rudimentary and grammatically wrong text I typed "[[Clima]] Constantinopolitanum est inter [[Clima subtropicum humidum|subtropicum humidum]], [[temperatum]] [[Clima oceanicum|oceanicum]] et [[Clima mediterraneum|mediterraneum]] per [[enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger|enumerationem Köppen–Geiger]]" and perhaps slightly expand it, and add it in the article?[[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.14.219|31.200.14.219]] 21:54, 19 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) :Users are all individuals and have their own priorities and their own work to do. Anyway, you have now asked me too, and I'll look at this later today :Checking the history, I see that Iacobus has already made some changes. Thanks, Iacobe! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:02, 20 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) ::One of those changes is what the unnamed person is objecting to, but don't worry: in the absence of time to translate the whole passage, I can add an adverb that'll make the false word 100% true! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:29, 20 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) :::Ha! I see you've already made almost the same quick fix I'd have made! (I'd have merely added ''partim.'') Ha! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:33, 20 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) ::::I did that before I'd even glanced at the history. And even then I didn't study who first said what when. The latest episodes seem to prove that unlike the world in general, unlike the political condition of most of the countries we know, Vicipaedia is fated to improve slightly from day to day, whoever happens to be editing. Let's hold to that. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:08, 20 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) :::::Thank you very much for the corrections. (Trivia: Until the 1990s, Istanbul indeed had only a mediterranean climate, and the annual precipitation in 1959 was 1/3 less (as dry as London is today)! According to projections, in the near future, most coastal areas of Turkey will only have a humid subtropical climate with much wetter summers and much drier winters (also in the rest of the country), which is already happening.) [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.14.219|31.200.14.219]] 18:28, 22 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) == [[Disputatio:Forum Iulii-Venetia Iulia]] == Salve! Paginam "Forum Iulii-Venetia Iulia" tu inter alios edidisti. De nomine huius paginae s.t.p. placita tua adde. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:58, 11 Iunii 2020 (UTC) ==Litteræ vel litterae?== Salve! Ego nova in Vicipædia sum et linguam Latinam non bene scio, sed nonnihil scripsi ut alii textos corrigere possunt. Visi, post divulgationem texti, quod in Vicipædia litteras Æ et Œ non scribere debeturia sum. Quidni? Gratias ago si mihi respondere potes, nam scire volo!--[[Usor:Вѣра Павловна Розалскаяа|Вѣра Павловна Розалскаяа]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Вѣра Павловна Розалскаяа|disputatio]]) 20:37, 12 Iunii 2020 (UTC) == Uncreated categories == I've been tidying up uncreated categories. I noticed you put a lot of uncreated categories about swimming in [[Michael Fred Phelps]] and [[Marcus Spitz]]. They'd been there for some months, but if you were just about to create them, feel free to revert my latest edits and go ahead. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:18, 26 Iunii 2020 (UTC) ==Woohoo!== Woohoo! Yesterday was the last day of a whole year in which I added at least one new article from the Myrias list every day. See [[Usor:IacobusAmor/100wikidays(4)]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:30, 3 Iulii 2020 (UTC) : Wow, nearly incredible! Congratulations! --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:27, 3 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::I could see you were working on this, but I didn't see that you were adding a Myrias page every day. I think it's almost incredible too! But, in spite of that, I believe it! A great achievement [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:48, 4 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :::Wait! a small miscalculation has occurred! The first century did begin on 3 July 2019 (so "a whole year in which I added at least one new article every day" remains true), but the unbroken Myrias series began on 3 August—so it appears we'll having more birds, and then possibly more mammals, before we reach the Myrias milestone. Also, a slight error may have occurred on one day in 2019, so a recheck is necessary. The articles in question are documented in four sortable tables: [[Usor:IacobusAmor/100wikidays(1)|(1)]], [[Usor:IacobusAmor/100wikidays(2)|(2)]], [[Usor:IacobusAmor/100wikidays(3)|(3)]], [[Usor:IacobusAmor/100wikidays(4)|(4)]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:00, 4 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::::Unless I've miscounted, the tables show that the number of articles—Myrias + "ordinary" texts (but not categories, redirects, & such)—added in the year starting on 3 July 2019 was 564, averaging 1.54 a day. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:17, 4 Iulii 2020 (UTC) == Birds == The general system I've been following, which we discussed elsewhere recently, means that I have now merged "Categoria:Genera avium" into [[:Categoria:Genera animalium]] and "Categoria:Familiae avium" into [[:Categoria:Familiae animalium]]. I know you like the ''Aves'', so I want to assure you that nothing is lost. From the categories as they now stand you (and anyone) will easily be able to get a list of "genera of birds" or any other combination of taxon level + classification node. When I've finished I'll ask UVbot to help me provide a link for this on relevant category pages -- but if you want to know right away, just ask and I'll show you how to do it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:32, 4 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :Maybe in a month or two (after the birds, I'll be checking the mammals), a kind programmer will finish the job by automatically making a list of articles that contain a taxobox but not the category "[X] animalium" or "[X] plantarum" or "[X] fungorum" (where ''X'' is a taxonomic level). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:28, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::Sorry, didn't see this reply till now. I believe I have done all the plants already. At the same time I have been doing the bare minimum with each page to ensure that it has a taxobox (some don't) and that it is sourced -- simply by adding <nowiki>{{Fontes biologici}}</nowiki>. This gets even the shortest of them two-thirds of the way to being a stipula. There are only a few fungi and bacteria and they may already be done, I don't recall offhand. I was saving the animals for a bit ... But anything in that area that you want to do, don't let me stop you!! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:04, 26 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::I hope UV is all right, by the way. Not active recently. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:18, 26 Iulii 2020 (UTC) == [[Loxodonta africana]] == Hi, Iacobe. You added some categories to this page and hid them. I must say I've never known why you add hidden categories to the pages you create, and I delete them when I see them (mentioning it to you if it seems possible you're still working on the page): but why on earth add them to a page someone else created? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:09, 6 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :Um, pour encourager les autres? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:03, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) Amice Iacobe, I feel I've been discouraging hidden text in discussion with you for something close to a decade, and removing your hidden text on sight (with warning summaries) for several years. Feel free to check if this is exact. It doesn't seem to have discouraged you. Other Wikipedians, in general and on Vicipaedia, don't do it, so far as I can see. :They do it a great deal in the English wiki, but in consideration of your disapproval of it, I've often suppressed it when translating articles from there. ¶ Why, in the past week or so, I suppressed "<nowiki><!--Linked page allows download of the 48MB pdf--></nowiki>" in "[[Columbidae]]" and "[[Picidae]]" and "[[Procellariidae]]" and probably elsewhere (for a certain oft-cited source). ¶ I've suppressed "<nowiki><!--Whole paragraph cited--></nowiki>" and "<nowiki><!--cotylae mediales & laterales--></nowiki>" and "<nowiki><!-- AmMusNovit2400. Condor54:174. --></nowiki> and several similar bibliographic references in "[[Picidae]]." ¶ I've suppressed <nowiki>"<!-- cites previous two sentences -->" (five times!) and "<!-- cites previous 3 sentences -->" (twice!) and "<!-- cites previous 3.5 sentences -->" and "<!-- cites previous 4 sentences -->" and "<!-- {{cite journal | last1=Kennedy | first1=Martyn | last2=Spencer | first2=Hamish G. | year=2004 | title=Phylogenies of the frigatebirds (Fregatidae) and tropicbirds (Phaethonidae), two divergent groups of the traditional order Pelecaniformes, inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=31 | issue=1 | pages=31–38 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.007 | pmid=15019606}} -->"</nowiki>—all in "[[Fregatidae]]"! ¶ An example of hidden text that I've never, in years & years, imported from the English wiki—and which occurs with surprising frequency in taxonomic articles—is the announcement that a category, and sometimes a whole article, has been generated by a bot. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:03, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) So I'll tell you the way other Wikipedians solve the main problems that you try to solve with hidden text. :#You think the Latin word you're marking is a wrong choice, and you're pretty sure of a better choice. In this case, others correct the Latin word. :#You aren't sure of the best Latin word, but you think there may be a better one lurking. Others make two choices. Better than adding a <nowiki>{{Dubsig}}</nowiki> (that is a legitimate ploy, but can serve as an irritation) is to say on the talk page, visible to all, what you believe to be wrong, mentioning any solution you have in mind. :#There's more to be said, currently visible on en:wiki, but you haven't time to add it. Happens all the time. If it's your translation, you are already acknowledging en:wiki on the talk page. It's on the talk page that you should add this fact and date it. :#There are notes, references and formulas that don't work. If you consider them essential, and can't make them work yourself, say it on the talk page. If you consider them non-essential, leave them out. :#You have too many lovely images. Choose. Add the best, visibly. Leave the rest out. Later editors will have a bigger selection to choose from. :#There are categories that don't work. Here you have three choices. If you consider them essential, create them and have a go at populating them. If you aren't so sure, find a supercategory that would work for the time being. It's very easy and fast to test category ideas if you have HotCat turned on (Preferences -- Gadgets.) For example, if [[:Categoria:Mammalia Angoliae]] doesn't exist, and you don't have 5 minutes to create and populate it, try [[:Categoria:Biota Angoliae]]. It does. With HotCat you can look at its subcategories as well: there might be a suitable one. Less than 1 minute to do all that, I reckon. Leave the remaining categories out. :Hiding categories and notes-about-categories in Latin is bad, because anyone who adds or removes categories afterwards, using HotCat, doesn't see your little deposits, and they might remain there till the end of Wikimedia. Hiding other text in Latin is bad too, and hiding text in English is of course worse. Potential editors won't see hidden text; many active editors won't see it in the way that you do; especially if the formatting is at all complicated, the next save may result in the hiding of a large stretch of good text. :If there are other problems that you try to solve with hidden text and I haven't yet thought of, please tell me! And if any other Vicipaedian thinks I'm being unreasonable, or has better solutions, do join in. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:28, 10 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::OK, let's do away with all hidden text altogether. People will ignore it anyway, as when my helpful "<nowiki>[[fictilia elegantia]]<!--porcelain (Traupman)--></nowiki>" was changed to the redlink "[[porcellana]]" (as if the attestation must be disregarded). And likewise "<nowiki>{{dubsig}}</nowiki>" doesn't always elicit desired improvements, as my "[[ebur|ebore]], [[silex|silice]], ''[[slate]]''<nowiki>{{dubsig}}</nowiki>, [[lignum|lignoque]]" has recently become "[[ebur|ebore]], [[silex|silice]], quadra lapidea, [[lignum|lignoque]]," even though in the series of raw materials, "quadra lapidea" looks wrong as a translation of a substance (not a geometrical shape) defined by Wikipedia as "a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:03, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::I must admit that you look at English wiki pages through the edit window far more than I do, these days, and for the best reasons. Of course I accept what you say. But even such messages date rapidly (48 MB? a couple of minutes or less). ::It may be that uses of hidden text such as <nowiki><!-- Bot-generated text --></nowiki> are the oldest type. Since you aren't a bot, I didn't have them in mind above. But in general, yes, it would be good to test if we can manage without. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:26, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :::: I'm sorry, Iacobe, for having given an inadequate rendition of ''slate''. Having no inkling of its technical side, I had to conjure up something that might more or less fit into the context. For a non-native, ''slate'' looks like a wildly polysemous everyday word. Now that I had reason to look it up in the English wiki, I picked up Spanish in the language links, and ''pizarro'' in del Col: ''ardesia'' and ''lapis sectilis''. Then, I kinda finished your job by replacing my feeble rendition by ''ardesia''. Maybe ''lapis sectilis'' is better, I do not know. I agree with Andrew (point 2 above) that it's better to discuss these matters in the talk page. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 10:20, 16 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::::: On the slate question, I had a look at some of the sources and threw together [[Ardesia]], if anyone wants to take a look at it and add/change things. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 17:02, 16 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :::::: Macte, Lesgles! [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 20:52, 16 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ==Disorder in the left column== And here I waffle about hidden policy, and meanwhile they've suddenly given me a list of other language articles, in the left column of each article, arranged in an order that makes no earthly sense. Is it the same for you? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:13, 10 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :Yes, for several days the order has been peculiar—quite a jumble, though not exactly random. Someone should report it to the authorities. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:03, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::I did report it, as did others from all over the wikiworld. They are all buzzing about it, and can't yet solve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:33, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :::They continued to buzz around this for a long time, but it appears that they have now fixed it, thank goodness. :::Enjoy your mammals. My current project, one to which I often return, is foods and gastronomy. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:50, 28 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::::Yes, I noticed when disorder in the left column ended. ¶ The categorization of the mammals, as I found it a few days ago, left a lot to be desired—but then so does their categorization in the English wiki, which (for reasons that aren't immediately apparent) at the higher-order levels uses a system somewhat different from its practice with other animals. I think we should make our mammalian categories conform with the rest of our zoological ones, even if (and though) they don't have links to the English wiki. Part of our problem was that we didn't have articles on some of the most important topics, but that's changing, as they've been sitting unloved for years among the certified myriads but are now at the top of my list of things to do. Up today: the baboons! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:45, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) ==Collatores inscii== Iacobe, noting your five nice, polite, old-fashioned letters to Vilho-Veli at [[Disputatio:Puls]], [[Disputatio:Leonardus Peikoff]], [[Disputatio:Carolus Rahner]], [[Disputatio:Quercus]], [[Disputatio:Hippolytus Taine]], I'd say it would be more effective to say it all in one at [[Disputatio Usoris:Vilho-Veli]]. You probably didn't foresee how many there were going to be. If you do that now, please greet Vilho-Veli at the same time, with the usual <nowiki>{{Salve}}</nowiki> template. No one's done so yet. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:20, 14 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :No, we didn't foresee that, and other additions by the same party remain to be checked. Likewise, as we discovered just this morning, additions by a certain Tarih. Why people (let's assume they're people, and not bots) think it helpful to add words in the wrong language is a mystery. That their efforts deserve welcoming isn't necessarily an established fact. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:51, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::Oh, I agree. One of many such "facts". Only wanted to save your time really. Maybe, after weighing up the overall contributions of VV, Tarih and any other such, they are better discouraged. If similar unhelpful edits continue after your messages, I can warn and block. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:57, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :::They now seem mainly to be adding images. They may not be doing it very well, but currently the contributions appear to me positive rather than negative :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:58, 12 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :::Sorry to monopolize your talk page -- I'll go quiet after this. I understand a bit more now. These people are going in for one of those wiki competitions, apparently decribed at #WPWPTR #WPWP (which means nothing to me). This one is about "improving" Wiki articles, in all the languages of Eve, by adding pictures to them. My advice for what it's worth (I will do this myself) :::# If they added a portrait to a bio page that didn't have one, try the effect of replacing their addition with <nowiki>{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}</nowiki>. If that doesn't help -- :::# Simply revert any of their edits you happen to notice that is unhelpful, with a quick summary such as "inutile". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:36, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC)<br> Thanks for the advice. Fortunately, these little surprises don't happen often, and they're not all bad. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:32, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) == Fish == Rather a nice coincidence that you should have described ''[[Ctenopharyngodon idella]]'' just two months ago and now I find myself describing [[Shuizhu yu|one way to cook it]]. I wish it well in the wild, needless to say. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:55, 31 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :It must be a popular fish, as it's on the Myrias list! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:32, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) == Orsay == Forgive me for moving your comment about the name of the museum to [[Disputatio:Museum Orsay]]. You may be right, who knows? but I felt the issue might become a distraction at [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis]]. As to that, please do add further comments for or against the listed pages, and above all please feel free to add pages of your own or others you have noticed. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:55, 12 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :No answer yet from the curator at the Quai Branly. As you know, Europe goes on holiday in August. All the better, though, to watch the Tour de France, which has been postponed to the end of the month. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:32, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) == Donkeys == You've created [[Equus africanus asinus]] which seems to be about the same topic as the existing [[Equus asinus]]. Surely it would have been better to move the existing page to the newly correct name, and then expand it? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:21, 12 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :I've been working from the Myrias list, where "''[[Equus asinus]]''" wasn't a registered article (indeed, it has links only to a a few minor wikis), but my initial thought (when discovering its existence, well into the process) was to leave it in case there might be some value in recording the history of the name, for which purpose a brief article to that effect is conceivable: "''Equus asinus'' was the name of mammals blablabla, erected as a species by [zoologist] in [year], which [official body, international consensus, whatever] in [year] made a subspecies of ''Equus africanus'' on the basis of blablabla, though investigators X and Y are still unpersuaded blablabla, as shown in their article blablabla." That sort of thing. Rather than work that problem out, I'd rather spend my time adding new articles from the Myrias list. We have about <small>THREE THOUSAND</small> to go! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:32, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) ::A pertinent fact: the English wiki does have articles like this; see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Obsolete_mammal_taxa Category:Obsolete mammal taxa.] [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:59, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :::Yes, I guessed after writing the above that because of the interwikis you might not have even discovered [[Equus asinus]] till too late. That's very bad luck, owed to someone's odd decision at Wikidata. It's true, one could have an obsolete taxa category, but in most cases, I would say, it would be more helpful to put all the information we have at the current taxon (and move it whenever those taxonomists change their minds). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:01, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) ==Small in the taxobox== IIRC, the old taxobox formerly printed small the name & year specified on the "....._authority" line, but now we have to type it in. Is memory playing tricks here? Was it decided that small wasn't desirable? or was the elimination of that feature an accidental byproduct (which nobody has complained about)? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:32, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :Better not key in <nowiki><small></small></nowiki>, because, when we decide, we will want the decision to apply to every case. I didn't make this line small-font only because the font is now a bit smaller throughout the infobox and I didn't know whether even smaller was desirable here. If we agree that it is, I can very easily make it so. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:01, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) ::Yesterday in "[[Cercopithecidae]]" (as previously in other articles), I'd keyed it in, albeit without the correct "....._authority" introduction, which I've just now fixed. I like the smallness of it. Couldn't a program include (in if-then codespeak, of course) the provision that "if a small command isn't already in the text, print it small"? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:41, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :::There's a difference between what the code might be able to do and what I can make it do! I'm not so very clever. But in any case there's a better way. We decide the formatting (remembering also the need for italics for genus and species ... and anything else we think of), change the template to suit us perfectly, and then ask a bot to strip out unnecessary formatting from all existing cases. That way, anyone in the future will be able to use the template, confident that the formatting will be correctly applied. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:26, 17 Augusti 2020 (UTC) ::::I guess I was waiting in case you had a further comment, but, if not, I will now make the authority lines uniformly small. OK? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:40, 20 Octobris 2020 (UTC) :::::OK! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:49, 20 Octobris 2020 (UTC) ::::::Finally I've done it. I wasn't looking forward to it because the design necessitated a large number of manual edits in this case and it's easy to get any one of them a tiny bit wrong! I think it's OK but please tell me if you notice any apparent errors. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:55, 9 Novembris 2020 (UTC) == [[Sinus Bengalensis]] == I moved to this because the name is directly confirmed in several sources. It also happens to agree with the current name [[Bengala]] of the article about the region. I didn't (yet) find any confirmation of "Sinus Bengaliensis", but in any case the footnote giving evidence of that spelling for the adjective is useful and remains in place. I hope that's OK. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:37, 20 Octobris 2020 (UTC) :That's fine. Today's question is what to do with the Beaufort Sea. The word ''beaufort'' might reflect something like ''bel(li)forte,'' but words having that shape are hardly abounding on the internet, and certainly not for so-named sea. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:49, 20 Octobris 2020 (UTC) ::I doubt if there is a direct Latin source for this one. ''[[Sabellaria vulgaris beaufortensis]]'' and ''[[Cosmiodiscus beaufortianus]]'' and ''[[Amphora beaufortiana]]'' and ''[[Mastogloia beaufortiana]]'' were all named after the marine research station at Beaufort (North Carolina): no good. The ''Beaufortenses'' seem to come from there too ... You've probably checked all this yourself. We might have to start out with "Mare Beaufort". Sorry. ::But why does the sea have this name? Ah, Britannica says "It is named for the British rear admiral Sir Francis Beaufort", a fact that en:wiki omits. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:38, 20 Octobris 2020 (UTC) ::::My response here seems to have disappeared; maybe an edit conflict. Anyway, no time now. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:02, 20 Octobris 2020 (UTC) :::Wait! As you sometimes say :) Note the article title "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336540944_Mantoniella_beaufortii_and_Mantoniella_baffinensis_sp_nov_Mamiellales_Mamiellophyceae_two_new_green_algal_species_from_the_high_arctic Mantoniella beaufortii and Mantoniella baffinensis sp. nov. (Mamiellales, Mamiellophyceae), two new green algal species from the high arctic]". If the Beaufort Sea isn't the high Arctic I don't know what is! So you could go for [[Mare Beaufortii]]. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:55, 20 Octobris 2020 (UTC) == [[Disputatio Categoriae:Operae]] == Last chance to comment on the best name for this category! As things stand, it's about to be moved. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:54, 1 Novembris 2020 (UTC) :Thanks for the heads-up. No good solution comes to mind, other than to leave well enough alone. Rushing, time being short. . . . [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:20, 1 Novembris 2020 (UTC) == [[Kamala Harris]] == Thanks for your edits there. Looking at it again, I had made a big mistake: I quibble only with the cure you prescribed. I had put her in the Vice-Presidents category. She isn't in that category yet, and if (e.g.) the world comes to an end before January or certain proposed lawsuits succeed (I'm putting this in order of probability) she never will be. So I've deleted that category now. On the other hand, inserting the navbox, i.e. the list of vice-presidents, on her page is (I think) useful already -- e.g. it would help a reader to verify that she is the first woman on the list -- and the list correctly adds the term "futura" against her name (one could make it "electa" or some other caveat, I don't know: it's freely editable); so I restored the navbox. I hope you would agree? She is also the first of non-U.S. parentage on both sides: is that true? I think it is. I say on both sides because John Adams (for example) had a British father. If that claim about her is correct, one might try to think of a neat Latin phrase to assert it ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:58, 9 Novembris 2020 (UTC) :Yes, she's the first VP whose parents were immigrants. (A TV announcer said it, so you know it must be true.) Her mother was an immigrant from India, and her father was an immigrant from Jamaica. Like most African-Americans, she has European ancestors, one of whom was allegedly [[:en:Hamilton Brown|Hamilton Brown]], a Scots-Irish slave-trader from County Antrim, Ireland. A brief search via Google isn't revealing the town of his birth, but he had business connections with Ballymoney, so that may be it. (Which would be amusing, since two great-great-great-great-great-grandparents of someone you know emigrated from there to New England in 1730, as did President William McKinley's great-grandparents in 1743.) Also, Kamala Harris may be the first VP whose parents—both of them!—were doctors of philosophy and university professors. If it's true that she attended a French-speaking primary school in Quebec, she probably has at least a passing acquaintance with French. She brings a lot to the table, as people might say. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:20, 9 Novembris 2020 (UTC) ::As to the formulas, the point was merely to highlight a technicality. Biden isn't even a president elect, and Harris isn't even a vice-president elect, except in popular parlance. The purpose of the election last Tuesday was to elect the electors; they, in turn, will be voting on "the Monday after the second Wednesday in December" (says the law), and the votes will be counted by the Congress on 6 January 2021, when we'll at last have a constitutionally certified president elect and vice president elect. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:44, 9 Novembris 2020 (UTC) :::That's a fair point. No one-word expression will get this exactly right. In the navboxes I tend to use "nominatus" if no election is involved, "futurus" if some kind of election or selection procedure has taken place ... allowing myself to gloss over the fact that the future is more uncertain than is the word "futurus"! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:08, 9 Novembris 2020 (UTC) ::::We also have ''exspectatus.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:14, 9 Novembris 2020 (UTC) :::::I never thought of that. Yes, a good idea. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:27, 9 Novembris 2020 (UTC) == [[Abiogenesis]] == Salve Iacobe, in hac pagina, quam nuper redigisti, patet error quidam citationis. Potesne illum corrigere? [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 23:01, 13 Novembris 2020 (UTC) :Dictum factum! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:30, 15 Novembris 2020 (UTC) == Gratias ... == ... sicut saepissime, tibi ago propter paginas heri Russice additas rubricationem. Delevi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:35, 15 Novembris 2020 (UTC) :Salve Iacobe, [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andreae]] in gratias habendas libenter succedo: tibi etiam ego gratias ago. Aliquid pueriliter deletioni tarditatem attuli. [[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 10:04, 15 Novembris 2020 (UTC) == Ioannes Petrus Thiollet == Ioannes Petrus Thiollet page deletionem dolendum videtur fuisse error vester. Vide Viaf.org.--[[Specialis:Conlationes/2001:861:4981:4510:50AE:9FAD:C34E:4CCC|2001:861:4981:4510:50AE:9FAD:C34E:4CCC]] 14:02, 22 Ianuarii 2021 (UTC) :Magistratus non sum. Paginas delere non possum. Ergo erratum (si erratum videbatur) meum non erat. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:21, 22 Ianuarii 2021 (UTC) == Sexing carrots == You might scarcely notice, but I responded (very late in the day) in re carotarum: [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Greges cultivarietatum (cultivar groups)]]. Mind you, what I said is no help in explaining the grammar of ''D. carota'' subsp. ''sativus'', because I can't explain it! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:21, 26 Ianuarii 2021 (UTC) :Thanks for the head's-up. ''Carota'' certainly ''looks'' feminine, but we never know what Latin-writing scientists who don't know what they're doing might be thinking. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:10, 26 Ianuarii 2021 (UTC) == Chillies == All right, then, now look at [[Capsicum (fructus)#Pinacotheca varietatum selectarum]]. Some missing that are in the list above: in those cases I can't find an image on Commons. Do you grow any in your garden?? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:17, 7 Februarii 2021 (UTC) :Sadly, I don't have a garden of my own, though I've been known to putter in the condominium's plantation. I once managed to sneak some radishes in, but people who've never not lived in a city thought they were weeds. What can we do? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:26, 18 Februarii 2021 (UTC) == Motus Neo-Borbonis == Hello, the "[[Motus Neo-Borbonis]]" page has already been rewritten. I would like to know what are the main grammatical errors. Thank you. --[[Usor:AEOS1130|AEOS1130]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:AEOS1130|disputatio]]) 16:07, 18 Februarii 2021 (UTC) :Hi, Iacobe. Note the comment on my page also. If you can grasp that text better than I can, and are able to disentangle it, I'll be your fan for life. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:06, 18 Februarii 2021 (UTC) ::Andrew, when a text is so obscure that its meaning can't quickly be puzzled out, but it's not ''wholly'' in a foreign language, the aptest Latinitas-marker is probably –6. In this case, the lack of any such article in the other wikis is something of a red flag. The English wiki defines Neo-Bourbonism as "nostalgia for the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies" but has no article on it per se. The lemma itself is suspect, and the author has removed my <nowiki>{{dubsig}}</nowiki> formula, insisting, in effect, that ''Neo-Borbonis'' is good Latin. Time is lacking for the necessary editorial work. (For example, was the movement really born at Naples, as the text says? and so what? and is it really a movement, not mere nostalgia?) The world is sending us more pressing things to address at the moment. Not everything can be done. Life is short. And so forth. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:22, 18 Februarii 2021 (UTC) :::On second thought, after a couple of minutes trying to parse a few sentences, I'm not so sure that –7 wouldn't be the apter Latinitas marker. Oh well. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:09, 18 Februarii 2021 (UTC) ::::Thanks very much for giving time to this, Iacobe. I doubted my judgment at first, but I agree with your assessment. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:50, 19 Februarii 2021 (UTC) :::::Et Iacobi et Andreae consentio; quomodo, o AEOS1130, existimes; mihi equidem videtur, ut non solum latinitas sed etiam argumentatio paginae emendandae aequabilitate meliore sint. Non dubito, quin lectoribus nostris et historia et <u>''diversae''</u> aspectae [[Regnum Utriusque Siciliae|Utriusque Siciliae]] aestimationem afferant. [[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 11:41, 19 Februarii 2021 (UTC) For example, here, in English, is what the second sentence might be telling us: :Ab articulorum scriptorem et cantuum , televisionis et cinematographicae textuum auctorem Ricardi Pazzaglia serie, cum Ianuario De Crescenzo magistro, scriptore, diurnario et tabulario, contra celebrare adventum Iosephi Garibaldi in Neapolim (die 7 Septembris 1860) ideam nata est. :The sight was born from of the little joints of writers and songs , of television and of a cinematographic female of texts to Richard Pazzaglia's author with regard to a succession, along with Ianuary De Crescenzo, master, writer, journalist and recorder, to celebrate opposite the arrival of Joseph Garibaldi into Naples (on 7 September 1860). ::After some study of these words, we can guess more or less what you're trying to say, ''but you're not actually saying it,'' and encyclopedias exist to do more than provide puzzles for readers. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:17, 19 Februarii 2021 (UTC) == Detritus? == Hi, Iacobe. One more page from our list of 10,000 added! Your energy amazes me. But it seems to me the strange unlinked numbers and letters at the end of each item in the bibliography at [[Arcus insularum]] require linking (if really useful) or taking away. Were you intending to do that? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:09, 8 Martii 2021 (UTC) :Really? I'm not finding "Island arc" in the list of 10,000. I added the article to turn a relink blue. That link, in turn, was in a new article, on the [[Insulae Kermadecenses]], added because a swarm of strong earthquakes in that area may be indicating important action in the "Ring of Fire." ¶ In bibliographies, I just preserve what the English wiki tells us. The doi is itself a link: [https://library.uic.edu/help/article/1966/what-is-a-doi-and-how-do-i-use-them-in-citations "You can turn any DOI into a URL by adding http://doi.org/ before the DOI."] The ISSN unambiguously identifies the (serial) publication. Bibcode "has the form YYYYJJJJJVVVVMPPPPA[,] where YYYY is the four-digit year of the reference and JJJJJ is a code indicating where the reference was published. In the case of a journal reference, VVVV is the volume number, M indicates the section of the journal where the reference was published (e.g., L for a letters section), PPPP gives the starting page number, and A is the first letter of the last name of the first author" (says Wikipedia). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:37, 8 Martii 2021 (UTC) ::Wow, I must have just assumed it was in the 10,000. Still, maybe it will be next month. I wouldn't be surprised if you're ahead of the wave. ::I haven't seen you do this in bibliographies before. Perhaps I haven't looked at the right pages. But, for what it's worth, you're not doing what the English wiki does: their codes are linked. Yours aren't. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:42, 8 Martii 2021 (UTC) ::::Yes, their codes are linked. Programs running in the background make the necessary connections, but we're not a programmer. Maybe one will come along and visit us from the English wiki, where the signal of "doi:" plus a number are all the information that needs to be typed into the text; the programming does the rest. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:26, 18 Martii 2021 (UTC) :::::Slight correction: since most of the bibliographic & footnoted matter seen over there is expanded from coding inside curly brackets, the programming probably involves the governing formulas, and not just hard-coded "doi:" signals. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:05, 18 Martii 2021 (UTC) :::There was no reply, so I've removed these unlinked bibliographic codes. Our aim is to help readers, not to puzzle them (I'm agreeing, in fact, with what you quite rightly said in the discussion just above). Our citations should give standard bibliographical information, as one would do in a professionally published academic work. And also -- this is the wonder of an online encyclopedia -- if we can link to an available online version of the text we're citing, we should certainly do it. :::Putting raw codes on the page, with no links, is no help to anyone. Let's not do it. After all, it seems to me, the place to preserve material on en:wiki is in the history of en:wiki. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:18, 18 Martii 2021 (UTC) ::::As for "professionally published academic work," the American Psychological Association's styleguide says: :::::Follow these guidelines for including DOIs and URLs in references: ::::::Include a DOI for all works that have a DOI, regardless of whether you used the online version or the print version. ::::::If a print work does not have a DOI, do not include any DOI or URL in the reference. ::::::If an online work has both a DOI and a URL, include only the DOI. ::::Additional recommendations follow, but these are the most pertinent. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:26, 18 Martii 2021 (UTC) :::::If we want to include ''and link'' the DOI, that becomes useful, and we can probably do it. :::::The DOI would normally take you to the publisher's website (hence no additional need for a url). The text may be available there free, but more often requiring subscription: still useful if your library has a subscription. Similarly a JSTOR number: many libraries subscribe to JSTOR. Hold on, then, and I'll have a go. "Programming", with luck, will be an overstatement :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:59, 18 Martii 2021 (UTC) ::::::There's no need for me to do that: the DOI formula already exists here, and is in use on many older pages written by you. It was created by Robert Baruch, possibly for you, back in 2010! It seems we just have to remember to use it. I would have used it myself if I'd known. Instead of writing "doi:''number''", we have to write <nowiki>{{doi|number}}</nowiki>. That's it, folks. I think we can do that. For an example see [[Accipitridae]]. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:20, 18 Martii 2021 (UTC) ::::::: I have now added a brief documentation to {{fn|doi}}. But we can even do without the template and instead of writing "doi:''number''" we can write "<nowiki>[[</nowiki>doi:''number'']]", which will automatically turn the doi into a link. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 22:45, 18 Martii 2021 (UTC) ::::::::Why not do without the curly brackets and the square brackets and enable any string that begins "doi:" to be a link? Vicipaedia has a nontrivial number (less than a thousand but probably more than a hundred) of such strings already in place, as, for example, in "[[Asteroides orbitam Martis transiens]]." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:33, 19 Martii 2021 (UTC) :::::::::It's a good thing this has come up for discussion, and a good thing too that there turn out to be easy answers. But I want to raise an issue that (in my limited understanding) makes the use of a formula <nowiki>{{}}</nowiki> preferable to the <nowiki>[[]]</nowiki> that UV offers and the "magic number" method that Iacobus has in mind. :::::::::In my view, en:wiki is still at the adolescent stage here: you link the numbers and you show the numbers (although human eyes will avoid reading the numbers and don't ever need to). The adult stage is when you link the numbers and quietly tell the human eye what the link will do. So, with the apparent steady increase in bibliographic codes, a fully featured en:wiki bibliography ends up with a long list of blue numbers, unreadable and not actually requiring to be read, at the end of each item. :::::::::To see the difference, compare what you get on en:wiki in the box labelled "taxon identifiers" at the foot of [[:en:Tomato]], with what you get on la:wiki in the line headed "situs scientifici" at the foot of ''[[Solanum lycopersicum]]''. On en:wiki you're given all the numbers (but how many readers need them?); on la:wiki you get the name of the site, which is what most readers might want. Of course, by mousing or clicking, you can see the number if you want it. :::::::::This isn't a new idea, of course -- it's what hyperlinks normally do! You present to the eye the name of the site or page, and you hide the URL behind it. :::::::::That's what I think we should be able to do, and that's why (in my limited understanding) the use of <nowiki>{{}}</nowiki> would be a better way to go. Sorry, Iacobus, about this long text on your page -- but somehow you're often at the eye of the storm :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:56, 19 Martii 2021 (UTC) :::::::::: Enabling any string that begins with <code>doi:</code> to be a link (i. e. a fourth "magic link" besides [[:Categoria:Pages using ISBN magic links|ISBN]], [[:Categoria:Pages using PMID magic links|PMID]] and [[:Categoria:Pages using RFC magic links|RFC]]) cannot be configured locally on la.wikipedia, and there are arguments against (further) such magic links, see [[mw:Help:Magic links]] and [[mw:Requests for comment/Future of magic links]]. Therefore we should use the curly or square brackets when we provide a DOI. :::::::::: Whether the template method (curly brackets) or the interwiki method (square brackets) can or will programmatically provide richer information to readers in the future is difficult to foresee. It may well be that changing our {{fn|doi}} template here on la.wikipedia may enable us to improve the presentation of dois, but it might also happen that MediaWiki programmers will enhance the interwiki doi presentation in a way that would be difficult to achieve with templates here on Vicipaedia. But perhaps the template method (curly brackets) will turn out a bit more flexible. In any way, we should use either of these two methods whenever we provide a doi (and it would be a good idea to link any doi in either of the two ways). Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 23:09, 19 Martii 2021 (UTC) {{outdent}}Regardless of the linking method, I think that this is something that we can present more cleanly than in the format prescribed by style manuals. The ''Chicago Manual of Style'', for example, says something similar to the APA. Here's an example of how they would cite an online journal article:<blockquote>Wesoky, Sharon R. “Bringing the Jia Back into Guojia: Engendering Chinese Intellectual Politics.” ''Signs'' 40, no. 3 (Spring 2015): 647–66. https://doi.org/10.1086/679524.</blockquote> :The DOI is useful as a theoretically permanent link. Writing it out in full is necessary in a print publication, but here I would argue that we can just attach the link to the title. Here's with a full URL: <blockquote>Wesoky, Sharon R. [https://doi.org/10.1086/679524 "Bringing the Jia Back into Guojia: Engendering Chinese Intellectual Politics"]. ''Signs'' 40, no. 3 (Spring 2015): 647–66.</blockquote> :With <nowiki>[[doi:X]]</nowiki>, it loses the external link symbol, which is unfortunate: <blockquote>Wesoky, Sharon R. [[doi:10.1086/679524|"Bringing the Jia Back into Guojia: Engendering Chinese Intellectual Politics"]]. ''Signs'' 40, no. 3 (Spring 2015): 647–66.</blockquote> :It doesn't look like {{fn|doi}} allows for a different label like this, but I imagine that would be simple to add. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 17:48, 20 Martii 2021 (UTC) ::Sorry I didn't reply before, Lesgles. I'm glad you agree that in an online bibliography there's no need to show the number (e.g. the DOI number): the need is to link it. ::I like your solution -- placing the DOI behind the article title -- especially because it strikes me that DOIs are becoming more and more the standard reference, almost month by month. But I hesitate for two reasons. One is that, for the great majority of the older stuff we cite in bibliographies, there is no DOI: so it's not standard enough yet! The other is that it is more complicated to adopt that method in transferring a bibliography from another source, such as en:wiki: on en:wiki's and other people's bibliographies, the doi appears (if at all) at the end of each entry. The simplest thing on each case would just be to put the curly brackets around the DOI where it is: I can imagine persuading others to do that, I can't so easily imagine persuading others to take the DOI, transfer it just ahead of the article title, and format a link around the whole thing. There's more risk of typos when doing that, and it would take longer each time. [So for clarity, this is my preferred method: <blockquote>Wesoky, Sharon R. "Bringing the Jia Back into Guojia: Engendering Chinese Intellectual Politics". ''Signs'' 40, no. 3 (Spring 2015): 647–66. [https://doi.org/10.1086/679524 doi]</blockquote> ::And it would be simpler, I think, if we were doing that, to make the {{fn|doi}} template do it for us, hence no need to add the "<nowiki>[https://doi ]</nowiki>" each time, just the curly brackets. But if others prefer the Lesgles format as in the examples he gives, above, I will happily go along with that.] Iacobe, do you have a view on this? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:12, 1 Aprilis 2021 (UTC) == Titles == I answered you at [[Disputatio:The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire]] -- but to no purpose, I'm afraid. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:31, 11 Aprilis 2021 (UTC) :Really useful answers have now been added. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:17, 11 Aprilis 2021 (UTC) ::Quae iam legimus, sed memoriá tenebimus? :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:24, 11 Aprilis 2021 (UTC) == improve the page == Hello dear friend! I think that the important page "Princeps senatus" has some fault and mistakes. for example the word "inientes" in this page what does mean?! please improve this article. Thanks! [[Usor:Mehdi khazaee|Mehdi khazaee]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Mehdi khazaee|disputatio]]) 09:07, 20 Aprilis 2021 (UTC) == question == Hello dear friend! in the article [[Philippicae (Cicero)]], i think that the word "Lupercaliis" is wrong because in en.wiktionary.org, it is written as "Lupercālibus" and in online-latin-dictionary.com/ is written such. see: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Lupercalia#Latin and https://www.online-latin-dictionary.com/latin-dictionary-flexion.php?lemma=LUPERCALIA100 [[Usor:Mehdi khazaee|Mehdi khazaee]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Mehdi khazaee|disputatio]]) 20:58, 27 Aprilis 2021 (UTC) :For the plural noun ''Lupercalia'' (meaning 'the festival of Lupercus'), Cassell's (1968) gives the genitive as both ''-ium'' (third declension) and ''-iorum'' (second declension), but Traupman (2007) gives it only as ''-ium.'' If either interpretation is acceptable but the third declension is preferable, feel free to change it! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:52, 27 Aprilis 2021 (UTC) == Fodico fodico == Hello again! You hinted here [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Translation_help,_please]] that you might be willing and able to translate the text under the gentleman at [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw126465/John-Florio?LinkID=mp69527&search=sas&sText=Florio&role=sit&rNo=0]. I'm after this since I think it could be a good addition to his en-WP-article. If you're interested in such things, he is also accused of writing the works of Shakespeare [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florian_theory_of_Shakespeare_authorship]. [[Usor:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|disputatio]]) 08:49, 6 Iulii 2021 (UTC) There's an attempt at translation going on '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Humanities#Latin here]''', feel free to comment. [[Usor:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|disputatio]]) 09:08, 16 Iulii 2021 (UTC) == Hello == Hello, please save the [[Qaem Shahr]] article and link it to the wiki data item. Thanks [[Usor:Viera iran|Viera iran]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Viera iran|disputatio]]) 09:21, 25 Iulii 2021 (UTC) :I can tidy it up, but I'm not a magistrate, and I don't handle wikidata. Aren't bots supposed to make such links? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:12, 25 Iulii 2021 (UTC) Hello, please save the [[FC Nassaji Mazandaran]] article and link it to the wiki data item. Thanks [[Usor:Viera iran|Viera iran]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Viera iran|disputatio]]) 15:46, 4 Maii 2022 (UTC) :As indicated above, I'm not a magistrate, and I don't handle wikidata. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:12, 25 Iulii 2021 (UTC) == De vandalismo == You can say what you like to me, Iacobe, see my talk page for [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Dalby, you are monkey, not Aryan!|evidence]], but your summaries at [[Tokelau]] and [[Niue]] are unreasonable to all magistrates. Like other people, we sleep. Like other people, we have things to do in the real world. (I've been pickling chillies this morning.) Compared with other wikis of comparable size, Vicipaedia is quite good at clearing up vandalism. And you are a major part of this. Thank you with all my heart for watching so closely and for reverting as you do. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:57, 18 Septembris 2021 (UTC) :At least eleven hours and four minutes elapsed between the first instance of vandalism and the first deletion. That's a rather long time for a large handful of magistrates all to be asleep! ¶ Why not divide the day into segments, for each of which at least one magistrate would be responsible? If each of (say) eight magistrates checked the "Nuper mutata" once a day at a set time (the times being distributed at equal intervals), the result of an attack would be visible for less than three hours. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:37, 18 Septembris 2021 (UTC) ::''Omnia aliena, tempus tantum nostrum.'' Vicipaediae, tempus hominum ceteroum gubernare non decet. Officio nostro verecunde mi licet, Vicipaedia non, quia est libera. Ut ceteri/ceterae spectare continuabo. Pariter, ut iam supra scriptum, vigilantiae omnium gratias quoque ago. [[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 17:25, 21 Septembris 2021 (UTC) == Corrections == I thank you a lot for the corrections you're making on my articles. I always read what you correct back and your summaries hoping to improve my knowledge on Latin. If you ever think that my article edits bring more harm than good, don't be afraid at all to tell me and I'll stop. I've just started learning Latin so I am aware that my language skill level is very low at the moment. Having said all that, I wanted to correct you on something though: 1 hectometer is equal to 100 meters so 138.8 meters are equal to 1.388 hectometers or ~1.4 hm. This is in reference to [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hectometrum&curid=298908&diff=3642576&oldid=3642575&diffmode=source this edit]. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 10:41, 28 Septembris 2021 (UTC) :Yes, good. I hadn't had my morning coffee yet and didn't see the period (.) and was thinking you didn't know that four-digit numbers (e.g. 1388) don't have a space, whereas numbers with more digits do (e.g., 13&thinsp;888 and 138&thinsp;888). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:41, 28 Septembris 2021 (UTC) I think [[mate]] may be good enough to read now: glance at it only if you have time. I found it a bit difficult to get back to the Latin coalface after 2 weeks away. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:55, 3 Octobris 2021 (UTC) :Ah, thanks for the heads-up, but I'm working on other projects at the moment; Vicipaedia fits the schedule best in the mornings (local time), with coffee. Maybe tomorrow. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:28, 3 Octobris 2021 (UTC) == "Sources we used" == I noticed your plea for a means to indicate which were the main sources for an article. I had wanted that myself. See what I've done at [[Eduardus Nignon]], under external links. It's an idea I got from French wiki. If you like it, this <nowiki>{{Penna}}</nowiki> can be added at the end of any line in a bibliography or external links. Optional, of course, and no real need to do it if the book is already cited in [multiple] footnotes. It would be possible to permit different messages, but I think maybe it saves time just to use the single fixed message. I felt it was simpler to do this than to have a separate list of sources -- in which case one would end up transferring titles from one list to another, or forgetting to do it, or duplicating titles etc. etc. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:23, 5 Octobris 2021 (UTC) == [[Colinus Powell]] == You may notice he's on the pagina prima today. Creating that article was a very good thing. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:06, 19 Octobris 2021 (UTC) :Well, he was a Famous Person, and we were all surely surprised that his life hadn't yet appeared in Vicipaedia! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:09, 19 Octobris 2021 (UTC) == emenda paginam == salve! paginam '''[[Rodolphus Graziani]]''' per transfĕrendum hanc [https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodolfo_Graziani&oldid=123491385 paginam] creavi. emenda illam paginam quaesso! [[Usor:Mehdi khazaee|Mehdi khazaee]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Mehdi khazaee|disputatio]]) 12:52, 24 Octobris 2021 (UTC) == Nuper mutata == I made a quick comment. This postscript is for your attention: I'm amazed that you see eleven lines of text! In the case of the two examples you give, I see 3 and 4 lines respectively. The system appears to have a cutoff so that it doesn't go beyond the length of those two, but I quite agree that the current cutoff takes it far beyond what's necessary. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:28, 3 Novembris 2021 (UTC) :Maybe the size of my font is larger, but the ''degree'' of difference is a surprise. Especially at the end of the day, I tend to spare my eyes by enlarging the letters. (Right now, on my screen, the first sentence starts flushleft with the word ''Maybe'', and the phrase ''end of the'' is at the right margin.) On a PC keyboard, enlarging the font is instantly effected by simultaneously depressing Ctrl and the plus-sign on the number pad—an action repeatable until satisfaction is achieved. Easy as pie! (Ctrl-minus works in reverse.) Surely on a handheld communication device, with a narrower width than my screen, the situation would be even worse? (But maybe the personality of people using such a device leads them not to bother with "Nuper mutata"?) Also in regard to the "Nuper mutata" page, the design of the screen wastes several lines with unnecessary blankspace, but I'll have to take to email to show you a screenshot. Hold on! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:26, 3 Novembris 2021 (UTC) ::My preference happens to be roughly the opposite of yours. I like plenty of text in fairly small size: my standard zoom level for Wikipedia is 80%, and I have a big screen. So the degree of difference is not so surprising after all. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:56, 22 Novembris 2021 (UTC) :::Notice my response on one point that you made at Klein Muci's talk page -- you can already eliminate formulas from your Nuper mutata! It takes <s>4</s> 5 clicks (it could be simpler, I admit). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:39, 19 Decembris 2021 (UTC) ==Note to oneself== Haec verba in Taberna die 13 Septembris 2021 scribebamus: "Are linguists aware that individual contributors' attempts to write in Latin can serve as evidence for the process of their acquisition of the language? Contributiors' understandings & misunderstandings are all available, in indisputable black & white, for future study, sometimes augmented by their declarations of doubt & certainty in editboxes & disputation pages. All manner of abilities & personalities are documented here. Some contributors will be seen to be recording their uncertainties, and some will be seen to be declaring that their grammar is 'perfectly fine' when it isn't. The history of this wiki is potentially a gold mine (so to speak) for linguistic and even psychological investigation." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:05, 10 Novembris 2021 (UTC) == Thanks == Thanks for noticing those unwanted edits, which happened after my morning coffee and before yours. If a similar thing happens another time, do exactly the same thing -- with just one exception, if you happen to think of this. If the edit is defintely unhelpful, revert it (abrogare) and save. Don't be tempted to make other edits before saving. After saving, by all means go on and improve the page with a second edit, and save again. But if you revert and improve in the same edit, and especially if it's a very long page, the editor who comes after may be left in doubt whether you corrected all the bad things or only some of them. Verbum sapienti [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:51, 22 Novembris 2021 (UTC) :Ah, OK. When reverting, my eye often catches infelicities other than the ones inviting the reverting, and then my fingers begin to itch. ¶ Multiple unhelpful changes (like today's) often seem to occur when neither of us is awake. Maybe that's a clue as to where they're coming from. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:55, 22 Novembris 2021 (UTC) == Your nuper mutata == It was true, Iacobe, the method I gave you for excluding unwanted namespaces from your Nuper mutata will not, by itself, hold firm each time you go back to Nuper mutata. But it was also true, as Klein Muci then said, that you can make it hold firm for ever by finding the bookmark symbol at the right moment. Perhaps you've discovered this for yourself meanwhile. Tell me if you haven't and I'll explain exactly how. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:15, 30 Decembris 2021 (UTC) == Oysters and rivers == Thanks for your addition to [[Ostreae Rockefeller]], which served to remind me that I had more work to do on that page. On [[Flumen Grande]], via the German wiki (which lists old Spanish names) I guessed at a possible Latin name and found support for it. I haven't suggested moving the page, as yet, because there could surely be other, better or more recent Latin names which we haven't yet guessed. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:09, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :I searched the internet for "flumen grande" (in various cases) and found attestations of one—apparently in Brazil! Not pertinent, except that it does tell us that ''flumen grande'' is good Latin for the concept. Likewise, searches for ''fluvius grandis'' proved unavailing. Further, ''magnum flumen'' and ''magnus fluvius'' must abound, but maybe not helpfully so in regard to this particular example. We have an irony here, in that the river is never impressively wide, and the flow of its water has been so reduced by damming and climate change that it sometimes dries up completely now before reaching the Gulf of Mexico. As a site of undocumented immigration, however, it has enormous importance in U.S. politics, so I was surprised to see that Vicipaedia didn't have at least a stub on it; also, of course, it's one of the 10,000 essential articles. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:27, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Speaking of those, I thought you wouldn't disagree if I gave your new page primary position at [[Sal]]. It's exactly what classical Latin writers would have meant when they said "Sal" -- but probably you would not have been able to put it at that title because deletion of existing redirects was necessary. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:19, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Yes, that's fine. Redirects (both here and in the English wiki) are mostly useful, but they've sometimes proven problematic, and they've definitely cost us points at Meta. Speaking of which, we have the newly discovered problem of "[[Stagnum]]," which correctly links to English "Pond" but still isn't being counted among our 10,000 articles at Meta. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:02, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Will Meta recognize articles resurrected from the dead? See "[[Boeing]]," another of the 10,000 most important articles. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:02, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Georgius Fishta == Hello Iacobus! :) I was recently working on the article of Lissus (Lezha), an Albanian city and while listing some of its most well-known historical figures, I was surprised to see that the article for [[Georgius Fishta]] already existed and it was written by you some years ago. I got curious and I wanted to ask how come you've gotten interested in that writer. The creation summary you had provided some years ago included a number but I'm not sure what that is supposed to mean. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 18:56, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :I have no idea why I wrote it. The number is in the Dewey Decimal Classification, a widely recognized system for cataloging publications. It's a guess, and it could be wrong! Here's a simple version of it; [https://www.librarything.com/mds/0 click to expand.] As you'll see, Albanian literature is 891.991. A problem with biographies, of course, is that people can have several specialties, each with its own number, so a cataloger has to choose the most important or exemplary. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:11, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Interesting. Thank you! :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:05, 22 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == De systemate periodico extenso == Ave Iacobe, veniam peto ob fastidium a mihi tibi creato. Vidi te paginam de [[systema periodicum extensum ultra septimum periodum|systemate periodico extenso ultra septimum periodum ]] latinitatem -5 habere dixisse. Quid erratum est? Si possum, velim errores corrigere... Gratias ago, [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 18:43, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Latin syntax == Hello! I had an overall question about the Latin syntax and I was wondering if you could help. I know that there is no fixed word order in Latin and I also know that in basic Latin guides students may be told that usually the verb goes in the end of the sentence. Does that "rule" still apply if the sentence is very long though? I was reading about my country to practice my Latin (reading about something you already know helps) and I noticed this sentence: ''A septemptrione Monte Nigro, oriente Kosoviae et Macedoniae, meridie Graeciae, occidente mari Hadriatico finitur.'' Its syntax does seem a bit awkward for my eyes. Having the verb in the end of the sentence usually makes for a more amused reader because it entertains their curiosity for meaning and context (you have to wait until the very ende of the sentence to know what the other is talking about). However in that case, the very long sentence feels like it surpasses the human cognitive load and when you eventually do get the verb, you may have to reread the beginning again to remember what it was about. Does it feel the same for you, an experienced Latin reader? Do you think that could be rewritten in a better way in regard to verb positioning? - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 16:07, 15 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :''Finitur'' sounds fine to my ear. (But are the previous words in that sentence idiomatic?) The passage before ''finitur'' isn't all that long, and because it breaks down into four short phrases that are (or should be) grammatically parallel, it doesn't feel overlong at all. If you really want to tickle your syntactical senses, observe, in English, the first lines of book II of ''Paradise Lost'' (by John Milton), with the main verbs (of independent clauses) here in bold: ::High on a throne of royal state—which far ::Outshone the wealth of Ormuz and of Ind, ::Or where the gorgeous East with richest hand ::Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold— ::Satan exalted '''sat''', by merit raised ::To that bad eminence; and, from despair ::Thus high uplifted beyond hope, '''aspires''' ::Beyond thus high, insatiate to pursue ::Vain war with Heaven, and, by success untaught, ::He proud imaginations thus '''displayed.'''⁠ :Note that, although English is an SVO language, the last clause is SOV: "He imaginations displayed." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:53, 15 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::The provided example crushes all my dilemmas if the sentence I provided was "too much". I guess it's just too much for me than, my mind still unable to auto-break it down in meaning in 4 equal parts (even though the commas are there) while still remembering context. That sentence was from [[Albania]], second sentence of the article. Thank you for your insight! :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:42, 17 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::Meanwhile, did you hear the music of "I'''nd''' . . . ha'''nd''' . . . gol'''d'''" and "'''Sat'''an . . . '''sat'''" and "de'''sp'''ai'''r''' . . . a'''sp'''i'''r'''es . . . '''p'''u'''rs'''ue" and "'''h'''igh . . . '''h'''ope . . . '''h'''igh . . . '''H'''eaven"? Also, "by success untaught" may be a wry echo of ''indocilis pauperiem pati'' 'untaught to brook privation' in Horace's first ode of book one. Milton spoke & wrote Latin fluently, read Horace thoroughly, and worked echoes of Horace into various parts of ''Paradise Lost.'' ¶ Meanwhile, I doubt that the diction you cite is the most idiomatic possible. The not-quite parallelism could be problematic: 'It's bounded on the north in regard to Black Mountain, on Kosovo and Macedonia's east, on Greece's south, on the west to the Adriatic sea'. Can that be geographically right? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:55, 17 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::::I did when I was reading it quickly and it was aesthetically pleasing even though I had difficulties in finding out where it was coming from. I've been interested in taking a look at the so-called Milton's mysterious magnum opus but so far I have yet to read ''Paradise Lost''. I've been careful not to read too much on it online not wanting to spoil myself. ::::I believe not. This is "the same" sentence from the EnWiki version: ''It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south.'' This paints a better picture I believe. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 17:29, 17 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::::I enjoyed reading this discussion, and, as often, I find that I agree fully with Iacobus. Milton is a lovely example (and well worth reading). If you want something simpler (and Latin instead of English) {{Ping|Klein Muçi}} Try reading Caesar's commentaries ''De Bello Gallico'' and maybe use a translation to help you follow it. It's an executive summary for senators of what Caesar claimed to have done each year. There, too, clauses and sentences fall into parallel groups, and as you learn to recognise them you find that the prose becomes easier to read. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:00, 5 Maii 2022 (UTC) == [[Saulges]] == Salve, carissime Iacobe, quomodo te habes? Adiutum tuum in hac pagina necesse est, quia nomen Gallicum inveni. Mutare possumus? Tibi gratias ago. [[Usor:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Rei Momo|disputatio]]) 08:56, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Strategy == I can't remember the answer to this: I'm sure you can. [[Capsicum (fructus)]], one of the Myriad, is already full length and I am still expanding it: will this further increase our score, or not? If yes, I'll continue. If no, I will take out the list of cultivarietates to make a separate list article, as is done in English. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Maii 2022 (UTC) :It's already got 76,490 octeti, so removing fewer than 60,490 shouldn't make a difference, as 16,000 qualifies a text for maximal points. The removal will reduce the mean by a small & probably negligible amount, but it certainly won't affect the median. Have at it, if you like! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:40, 12 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Musica Romae antiquae / Musica Romana antiqua == Salve, Iacobe. Petrus sum (tibi antea forte sub nomine "Frenchnerd" notus), is qui nuperrime ultimam partem [[Musica Romana antiqua|Musicae Romanae antiquae]] curavi. Quid censes de latinitate huius rei, estne melior nunc? Bene scio multa, quae ad artem Latine scribendi attinent, mihi etiamnunc addiscenda esse meumque scribendi genus fortasse quadam elegantia vel venustate carere, sed, ut ingenue fatear, istam elegantiam interdum sophisticam libenter neglegendam existimo perspicuitatis gratia... Si igitur tempus tibi fuerit, rem supra commemoratam, quaeso, iterum inspicias. Bibliographiam non attigi, quamvis multae quisquiliae ibi maneant, ut emendentur... Fortasse etiam de inscriptione rei nobis cogitandum erit, cum res inscribatur "Musica Romana antiqua", textus autem sic inchoet: ''Musica Romae antiquae...'' Quae cum ita sint: cura, amice, ut quam optime valeas! Tibi obstricissimus [[Usor:Petrus Tectander|Petrus Tectander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Petrus Tectander|disputatio]]) 12:14, 11 Iunii 2022 (UTC) ==De Curculionoideis== Gratias tibi ago de iis quae in omnibus commentationibus confers! De duobus in [[Curculionoidea|Curculionoideis]] consulere velim. Primum: Nonne "Curculionidae" et alia familiarum animalium nomina, sicut in fabulis "Atreidae" aliaque eiusmodi patronymica, masculina sunt? Alterum: Notam immisisti questus Anglicam Vicipaediam alibi Curculionoideum, alibi Bostrichoideum ''Austroplatypoda'' vocare. Egomet nusquam invenio aliud quam Curculionoideum esse. Potesne monstrare, ubi Bostrichoideum esse dicatur? [[Usor:Arbarulo|Arbarulo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Arbarulo|disputatio]]) 16:32, 13 Iunii 2022 (UTC) == Thanks == ... for your comment at [[Disputatio Usoris:PEDCPR]]. If you have time, please look there again. If you have additional time, please look at Petrus Tectander's query on my talk page. I know nothing about music ... But I know you're busy! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:08, 4 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :Yes, the (annual except for 2020 & 2021) folklife festival on the Mall has been proving irresistible to my (hobbyist) cameras, a double issue of an academic journal I copyedit has been in progress, and so forth. Busy, busy! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:13, 4 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Salvus sis, Iacobe. Video Andream te iam certiorem fecisse de iis, quae in eius pagina disputationis scripseram. Si tibi occupatissimo placebit, tempore dato rogatum meum [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disputatio_Usoris:Andrew_Dalby#Certamen_musicum/Concentus_vs._Concertatio_(?) ibi] legas. [[Usor:Petrus Tectander|Petrus Tectander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Petrus Tectander|disputatio]]) 18:41, 4 Iulii 2022 (UTC) == Amaro Pargo == Salve, de hoc; [[Disputatio:Amaro Pargo]]. Titulum articulum esse puto; Amarus Pagrus. Verbum "Pargo" = Pagrus, cognomen est piscis huius; [[:es:Pagrus_pagrus|Pagrus pagrus]]. Puto etiam nomen in hoc articulo Latinizandum esse: [[Maria de León Bello y Delgado]]. Omnes optimis. [[Specialis:Conlationes/87.223.45.200|87.223.45.200]] 20:09, 12 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :Mos noster est praenomina et agnomina, sed non cognomina, Latine reddi. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:45, 13 Iulii 2022 (UTC) == A couple of messages to me == Looking at the page history of [[Tyrone Power]] I see a couple of summaries by you, attached to edits tagged "minor", a couple of months ago, which begin "Andrew ..." I guess that must be me. Well, just to clarify, I don't hold the views you seem to attribute to me. I don't know why you thought I did. Never mind -- have a nice day, as they say -- [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:38, 21 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :I think I see what it was now. That page had been edited by a miscreant: you were unlucky enough to edit it straight afterwards without noticing the vandal's touch. Seeing the page afterwards, I regarded your edits as neutral rather than improvements, so I reverted to the previous good state of the page. In general, "Lifetime" is fine by me: I see it as neither better nor worse that the alternative. I agree that "CFA" is not the most helpful term to choose, but, as a link, it works. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:14, 21 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Ah, OK. Too long ago for worry, but you seem to have figured it out! ¶ Meanwhile, while we've got your attention: neither the new form of the disputatio-starting page, nor the current version of the so-called legacy form, may be looking as good as the truly old one. ¶ Also, in case you've noticed the absence of an article on this year's [[Circuitus Franciae]]: the cable network that used to show the race for free (as part of its ordinary programming) isn't doing so this year and is charging money for live-streaming, so the unfortunate cyclists have sunk into oblivion. Of course anyone remains free to add an article to continue the series. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:49, 21 Iulii 2022 (UTC) == Emenda! == Salve! emenda [[Provocatio ad populum|hanc paginam]], tibi gratias ago! [[Usor:Mehdi khazaee|Mehdi khazaee]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Mehdi khazaee|disputatio]]) 19:18, 23 Iulii 2022 (UTC) == Starting a talk page == Trying to help you here without fully understanding your problem: therefore ignore if useless. On la:wiki I have no difficulty such as you describe. But maybe the following will help: On en:wiki, yes, I do see an unfriendly screen saying in large red letters "Why the hell do you want to do this, you idiot?" On that screen, I click on the button bizarrely labelled "Start a discussion". The system now reluctantly gets ready to open an edit window, while soupily urging "A new way to start topics is here" (a Dutchman must have written that). Alternatively it invites me to return to the "legacy experience", which would be sex, wouldn't it? All right, I think I used to like sex, I'll have a go at it. I click on "legacy experience". I have to insist once more on "legacy experience as default": then I get to my preference page and I have to push a button near the bottom labelled "open the wikitext editor". If I do all that, I get back to normality just in time for breakfast. It looks as if, from where you are, you would achieve the same outcome on Vicipaedia by going to "Modi/Praeferentiae", choosing the tab "Edit screen/Recensere", finding the button near the bottom labelled "open the wikitext editor", clicking it, and saving. None of this, I assure you, has anything to do with the magistratus :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:15, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :It has to do with ''somebody,'' because these things don't happen of their own accord! One curiosity is that the summarium box has disappeared. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:35, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::It's a Wikimedia-wide change: you can find some explanations [[:mw:Talk pages project/Feature summary|here]], as I discovered in responding to your question. ::When you asked about it on the Taberna, I didn't immediately recall the event -- sorry -- but I must in fact have determined immediately in my own case to enjoy the "legacy experience" and followed the steps above almost without conscious thought. Again in my own case, and to try out the solution to your problem, I followed the same steps yesterday on en:wiki, as I narrated above. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:39, 25 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :::One is reminded of businesses that, when they make a change that inconveniences you, will post a sign or send an email to tell you it's "for your convenience." ¶ I tried the "legacy experience" a week or two ago, but the result differed somewhat from what was expected. Let's try it again when I add another orchid or bee. ¶ Speaking of bees, Vicipaedia may have made a mistake in making "[[Anthophila]]" equivalent to "[[:en:Bee|Bee]]" (though, strictly speaking, it seems to be), the problem being that ''anthophila'' is a clade, not one of the basic levels of taxa (class, order, family, genus, species). Would it have been better to say that ''anthophila'' = ''apis (cladus)'' and thus to distinguish between ''Apis (genus)'' and ''apis (cladus)''? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 10:34, 25 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::::That's interesting. Tell me if I'm wrong, but I don't think there is a clade "Apis" (as distinct from the genus "Apis"), or indeed a clade "''Bee''" ... is there? If there isn't, we can't pretend there is. It would be an error to use "apis" in Latin, or "abeille" in French, to cover all the insects covered by English "bee", because vernacular names don't correspond in that way from language to language. It would be pointless, anyway, to create a Latin or French page specifically to enumerate all the insects that the English call "bee". That's a job for Victionarium or Victionnaire: our articles have to describe things, not words. Yes, I know, I'm saying things you have often said yourself. ::::Now there actually is a clade "Potato" these days (roughly on a level with [[Solanum subg. Leptostemonum]] but not defined as a subgenus). My question is, should I translate the name or not? You may have had similar issues among the cabbages. I think it will only cause confusion if I translate it (NB it includes the tomatoes as well as the potatoes), and I think I have to call it [[Solanum clad. Potato]], explaining the name in the first sentence. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:38, 25 Iulii 2022 (UTC) <!-- == Occidam vos omnes! Ego organa tua eximam et in platea proice! Videam te ibi! Crura tibi praecidam! Tua viscera suffocabo! cultrum in os tuum cogam! Peius, Kemalist! Puella ego te interficiam! Sit cruor in plateis, domi te interficiam! Sacrificium in platea prohibetur! == [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.155.192.228|195.155.192.228]] 13:32, 9 Augusti 2022 (UTC) [Ancyrae in Turcia fortasse divulgatum.] --> ==Question== Dear unknown user—apparently identified as 36.72.160.0 - 36.72.175.255 / netname: TLKM_BB_SERVICE_36_72_DIVRE3-4 / descr: PT TELKOM INDONESIA / descr: STO Gambir 3rd Floor / descr: Jl. 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[[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:40, 27 Augusti 2022 (UTC) dr1ugyvwk5kuzkf5x6p7k6w1hu37knj 0 13706 3700171 3699963 2022-08-28T00:21:25Z 2804:389:D03B:94F9:A444:A05D:9C59:DADE /* Consummatio */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas|-2}} ''' Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium''' anni [[2006]] fuit turmarum [[Pediludium|pedilusoriarum]] virilium athleticum certamen in [[Germania]] a [[9 Iunii]] ad [[9 Iulii]] habitum. Rite sunt duo tempora in certamine: certamen electionis et certamen ultimum. Ultimus lusus—pro titulo "Optimi Mundi 2006"—in [[Berolinum Stadium Olympiae|Stadio Olympico]] [[Berolinum|Berolini]] habitus est. Vicit turma [[Turma Nationalis Italica (pediludium)|Italica]]; secunda fuit [[Francogallia|Francogallorum]]; tertia, [[Germania|Germanorum]]. Certaminis hymnus a [[Herbertus Grönemeyer|Herberto Grönemeyer]] et grege [[Amadou & Mariam]] scriptus est. == Participes certaminis civitates == [[Fasciculus:2006 world cup.png|350px|right|thumb|Nationes ludentes]] Hae triginta duo turmae certamini interfuerunt: * {{AequatoriaVex}} * {{AngliaVex}} * {{AngoliaVex}} * {{Arabia SaudianaVex}} * {{ArgentinaVex}} * {{AustraliaVex}} * {{BataviaVex}} * {{BrasiliaVex}} * {{CFAVex}} * {{Corea MeridionalisVex}} * {{CroatiaVex}} * {{FrancogalliaVex}} * {{GermaniaVex}} * {{GanaVex}} * {{HelvetiaVex}} * {{HispaniaVex}} * {{IaponiaVex}} * {{IraniaVex}} * {{ItaliaVex}} * {{Litus EburneumVex}} * {{LusitaniaVex}} * {{MexicumVex}} * {{Ora OpulentaVex}} * {{ParaquariaVex}} * {{PoloniaVex}} * {{Serbia et Mons NigerVex}} * {{SueciaVex}} * {{TogumVex}} * {{Trinitas et TabacumVex}} * {{TunesiaVex}} * {{TzekiaVex}} * {{UcrainaVex}} == Parenthesis == <small>Omnes horae indicatae ad loca ubi certamen habetur pertinent , '''[[UTC]]+2'''</small> {{16ManuumParenthesis <!--Dies-Locus|Manus 1|Score 1|Manus 2|Score 2 --> <!--Ocatva pars consummationis --> |[[24 Iunii]] (17:00) | '''{{GermaniaVex}}''' |'''2'''| {{SueciaVex}} |0 |[[24 Iunii]] (21:00) | '''{{ArgentinaVex}}''' |'''2'''| {{MexicumVex}} |1 |[[26 Iunii]] (17:00) | '''{{ItaliaVex}}''' |'''1''' | {{AustraliaVex}} | 0 |[[26 Iunii]] (21:00) | {{HelvetiaVex}} |0(0) | '''{{UcrainaVex}}''' (pen) |'''0(3)''' |[[25 Iunii]] (17:00) | '''{{AngliaVex}}''' |'''1'''| {{AequatoriaVex}} |0 |[[25 Iunii]] (21:00) | '''{{LusitaniaVex}}''' |'''1'''| {{BataviaVex}} |0 |[[27 Iunii]] (17:00) | '''{{BrasiliaVex}}''' |'''3'''| {{GhanaVex}}|0 |[[27 Iunii]] (21:00) | {{HispaniaVex}} |1| '''{{FrancogalliaVex}}''' |'''3''' <!--Quarta pars consummationis --> <!--NOTE: Do not add teams here until the matches are completed--> |[[30 Iunii]] (17:00) | '''{{GermaniaVex}}''' (pen) |'''1(4)'''| {{ArgentinaVex}} |1(2) |[[30 Iunii]] (21:00) | '''{{ItaliaVex}}''' |'''3'''| {{UcrainaVex}} |0 |[[1 Iulii]] (17:00) - | {{AngliaVex}} |0(1)| '''{{LusitaniaVex}}''' (pen)|0(3) |[[1 Iulii]] (21:00) - |{{BrasiliaVex}} |0|'''{{FrancogalliaVex}}''' |'''1''' <!--Praeconsummatio --> |[[4 Iulii]] (21:00) | {{GermaniaVex}} |0|'''{{ItaliaVex}}''' (aet)|'''2''' |[[5 Iulii]] (21:00) |{{LusitaniaVex}} |0|'''{{FrancogalliaVex}}''' |'''1''' <!--Consummatio --> |[[9 Iulii]] (20:00) |'''{{ItaliaVex}}''' (pen)|'''1(5)'''|{{FrancogalliaVex}}|1(3) <!--Tertius locus --> |[[8 Iulii]] (21:00) |'''{{GermaniaVex}}'''|'''3'''|{{LusitaniaVex}}|1 }} == Consummatio == <center>'''{{ItaliaVex}} 1:1 {{FranciaVex}}''' (Italia vici 5:3 in maximae poenalis series)<br> 09 Iulii 2006<br> [[Stadium Olympicum Berolinense]]<br></center> '''Arbitro:''' Horatius Elizondo ([[Argentinia]])<br> '''Adiutores:''' Darius García ([[Argentinia]]), Rudolphus Otero ([[Argentinia]])<br> '''Chartulae flavae:''' Zambrotta, Sagnol, Makélélé, Malouda<br> '''Chartula rubra:''' [[Zinedine Zidane]] 110' '''Puncti:''' [[Zinedine Zidane]] 7' (iactus poenalis), [[Marcus Materazzi]] 19'<br> '''Italicii puncti in poenalis:''' Pirlo, Materazzi, De Rossi, Del Piero, Grosso<br> '''Francii puncti in poenalis:''' Wiltord, Abidal, Sagnol; Trezeguet desiderari '''Italia:''' 1. [[Ioannes Ludovicus Buffon]], 19. [[Ioannes Lucas Zambrotta]], 5. [[Fabius Cannavaro]] (capitanem), 23. [[Marcus Materazzi]], 3. [[Fabius Grosso]], 16. [[Maurus Camoranesi]] (7. [[Alexander Del Piero]] 86'), 8. [[Ianuarius Gattuso]], 21. [[Andreas Pirlo]], 20. [[Simon Perrotta]] (4. [[Daniel De Rossi]] 61'), 9. [[Lucas Toni]], 10. [[Franciscus Totti]] (15. [[Vincentius Iaquinta]] 61')<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Marcellus Lippi]] '''Francia:''' 16. [[Fabianus Barthez]], 19. [[Guglielmus Sagnol]], 15. [[Lilian Thuram]], 5. [[Guglielmus Gallas]], 3. [[Ericus Abidal]], 4. [[Patricius Vieira]] (18. [[Alou Diarra]] 56'), 6. [[Claudius Makélélé]], 10. [[Zinedine Zidane]] (capitanem), 7. [[Florentius Malouda]], 22. [[Franciscus Ribéry]] (20. [[David Trezeguet]] 100') 12. [[Theodoricus Henry]] (11. [[Silvanus Wiltord]] 107')<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Raimundus Domenech]] == Nexus externi == {{Communia|FIFA World Cup Germany 2006}} * [http://fifaworldcup.yahoo.com/ FIFAe Certamen Mundanum] * [http://www.soschildrensvillages.org.uk/charity-news/six-villages.htm Publica Certaminis Mundani Caritas (Anglice)] [http://www.fifa.com/en/fairplay/humanitariansection/0,1261,2,00.html (confirmatio apud FIFAm)] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/default.stm BBC de 2006 Certamine Mundano Nuntii (anglice)] * [http://soccernet.espn.go.com/section?id=worldcup&cc=5901 ESPN de 2006 Certamine Mundano nuntii (anglice)] [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] [[Categoria:2006]] 9c13o3w5hd19u46vmf2mcr8q5qi662o 0 13966 3700035 3699862 2022-08-27T14:47:35Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{videdis|Melissa (discretiva)}} [[File:Melissa Latin periodical.JPG|thumb|Periodici numerus 181]] '''''Melissa''''' est titulus commentariorum [[periodicum|periodicorum]] in [[Belgica]] editorum, qui omnino [[lingua Latina|latine]] conscribuntur. Hi commentarii a [[Gaius Licoppe|Gaio Licoppe]] [[medicus|medico]] eduntur. Enim post primum Seminarium Latinum [[Vestenda]]e habitum nonnulli participes voluerunt tam circulum latinum condere quam commentarios latine scriptos edere. Melissae numerus primus die [[2 Aprilis]] anno [[1984]] [[Bruxellae|Bruxellis]] in lucem prodiit, et quattuor primi auctores qui hos commentarios ad prosperos successus inauguraverunt, fuere: [[Gaius Licoppe]], [[Alaenus Divutius]], [[Iohannes Van Assel]] et [[Dominicus Moris]]. De variis thematibus, [[historia|historicis]], [[politica|politicis]], [[litterae|litterariis]] in eius paginis disputatur. Decursu temporum, ''Melissa'' facta est quasi speculum et echo mundi latini hodierni et catalogus scriptorum qui in ''Melissa'' scripserunt quasi theatrum est latinitatis vivae temporum nostrorum. Qua de causa damus eorum indicem qui sequitur ad melius litteras neolatinas hodiernas noscendas. == Index auctorum qui in ''Melissae'' commentariis scripsere aut scribunt == # [[Aeliana]] # [[Accius Watanabeus Akihiko]] # [[Sigrides Albert]] # [[Albinus Flaccus]] # [[Paulina Almonkari]] # [[Iosephus Amadio]] # [[Vido Angelino]] # [[Angelus Anglada]] # [[Anonymus quidam lector Melissae]] # [[Gratius Avitus]] # [[Francisca Promethea Barone]] # [[Stephanus Berard]] # [[Georgius Andreas Bergère]] # [[Birgerus Bergh]] # [[Brennus Bishop]] # [[Daniel Blanchard]] # [[Guilelmus Blum]] # [[Horatius Antonius Bologna]] # [[Iacobus Borovskij]] # [[Antonius Boudot-Lamotte]] # [[Patricius Bougy]] # [[Maria Brion]] # [[Rainardus Brune]] # [[Augustinus Cano]] # [[Renildus Cappelle]] # [[Iohannes Michael Carayre]] # [[Annula Castillo]] # [[Paavo Castren]] # [[Iohannes Claudius Champeau]] # [[Laurentius Chareyre]] # [[Victorius Ciarrocchi]] # [[Iulianus Claeys Boúúaert]] # [[Vinfridus Czapiewski]] # [[Iohannes Dayez]] # [[Ianus Di Censo]] # [[Marcus Decreton]] # [[Robertus Demol]] # [[Thomas Deneire]] # [[Robertus Deprez]] # [[Francisca Deraedt]] # [[Clemens Desessard]] # [[Lucas Devoldere]] # [[Alaenus Divutius]] sive [[Alain Van Dievoet]] # [[Iacobus Dobreff]] # [[Maria-Luisa Docquier]] # [[Ladislaus Dolidon]] # [[Natalis Dubus]] # [[Caelestis Eichenseer]] # [[Adolfus Etchegaray Cruz]] # [[Leila Farin]] # [[Alexander Feye]] # [[Stephanus Feye]] # [[Raimundus Fleischmann]] # [[Andreas Flour]] # [[Antonius Freire]] # [[Thomas Fuchs]] # [[Valtherus Fuchs]] # [[Caietanus Gantar]] # [[Claudius Gérard]] # [[Fortunatus Giacomini]] # [[Ioannes Giraldi]] # [[Stella Gitta]] # [[Ioannes Giraldi]] # [[Birgitta Granata]] # [[Iohannes Granata]] # [[A. Gratius Avitus]] # [[David L. Gresham]] # [[Albertus Grisart]] # [[Nicolaus Gross]] # [[Franciscus Hazet]] # [[Saulus Heikkilä]] # [[Christianus Helfer]] # [[Emmanuel d'Hooghvorst]] # [[Petrus Hrandek]] # [[Viaceslavus Hromov]] # [[Rudolphus Huckemann]] # [[Volkerus Huckemann]] # [[Antoninus Immè]] # [[Genovefa Immè]] # [[Iohannes Irmscher]] # [[Samius Jansson]] # [[Volfgangus Jenniges]] # [[Ioel Joubert]] # [[Sergius Kalegin]] # [[Paulus Kangiser]] # [[Pia Karelahti]] # [[Annula Kela]] # [[Conradus Kokoszkiewicz]] # [[Sami Koski]] # [[Theodoricus Krüger]] # [[Lacinius]] # [[Christianus Laes]] # Marcus Lakebrink<ref>1995: "Textus, qui 'Haiku' dicuntur (secundum R. Barthes, L'Empire des signes, Genavaen 1970) in Latinum transtulit Marcus Lakebrink", (carmen), in ''[[Melissa]]'', n° 66, anno 1995, p. 13; "Epistola", in ''Melissa'', n° 69, anno 1995, p. 15; "Belgicorum francorum novem milibus... in civitatem Romanam honoris causa acciperis", in ''Melissa'', n° 70, anno 1996, p. 11; "Marcus Lakebrink Melissae lectoribus S.P.D.", in ''Melissa'', n° 71, anno 1996, p. 15</ref> # [[Iohannes Maria Lecomte]] # [[Mechthildis Lemke]] # [[Dionysius Lepoutre]] # [[Diana Licoppe]] # [[Gaius Licoppe]] # [[Godo Lieberg]] # [[Thomas Lindner]] # [[Iustinus Mansfield]] # [[Paula Marongiu]] # [[Fabius Martines]] # [[Marcus Mélard]] # [[Maria-Helena Mélard-Marganne]]<ref>"De terrae motu qui Leodii anno MDCCCXXVIII factus est", in Melissa, n° 48, anno 1992, pp. 10-11</ref> # [[Milena Minkova]] # [[Aloisius Miraglia]] # [[Arituneus Mizuno]] # [[Franciscus Molina Morenus]] # [[Iohannes Albertus Moreno Tortuero]] # [[David Morgan]] # [[Dominicus Moris]] # [[Bohumila Mouchová]] # [[Gaius Moysard]] # [[Eduardus Mtitimila]] # [[Béla Nemeth]] # [[Aelius Nestola]] # [[Ianus Novak]] # [[Teivas Oksala]] # [[Hans Henning Ørberg]] # [[Ericus Palmén]] # [[Cletus Pavanetto]] # [[Hubertus Peeters]] # [[Tuomo Pekkanen]] # [[Inga Pessarra]] # [[Villius Pfaffel]] # [[Andreas Pierucci]] # [[Claudius Piga]] # [[Maurus Pisini]] # [[Reijo Pitkäranta]] # [[Anna Elissa Radke]] # [[Henricus Reinhardt]] # [[Alexander Ricius]] # [[Angelus Rivaldi]] # [[Stephanus Rocca]] # [[Iosephus Antonius Rojas Carrera]] # [[Ioannes Carolus Rossi]] # [[Iohannes Ludovicus Rossion]] # [[Theodoricus Sacré]] # [[Nicolaus Sallmann]] # [[Eustasius Sanchez Villaran]] # [[Iosephus-Maria Sanctius Martinus]] # [[Axelius Schönberger]] # [[Inecula Sluiter]] # [[Marcellus Smets]] # [[Bella Stoelinga]] # [[Leo Stoelinga]] # [[Valahfridus Stroh]] # [[Stanislaus Tekieli]] # [[Ioannes Teresi]] # [[Norbertus Thiel]] # [[Henricus Thonar]] # [[Elisabetha Thoss]] # [[Carolina Thuysbaert]] # [[Edmundus Torfs]] # [[Guenevera Tunberg]] # [[Terentius Tunberg]] # [[Iosephus Tusiani]] # [[Iohannes Van Assel]] # [[Alexander Vanautgaerden]] # [[Willelmus van Best]] # [[Iohannes van der Stegen]] # [[Sophia van der Stegen]] # [[Livia Van Hoof]] # [[Iohannes van Kasteel]] # [[Robertus Van Puyvelde]] # [[Marcus van Rooij]] # [[Demetrius Verbeke]] # [[Francina Vermeulen]] # [[Iacina Verreet]] # [[Berendus Ianus Visser]] # [[Geraldus Wailliez]] # [[Bradlius Walton]] # [[Andreas Wankenne]] # [[Alphonsus Weische]] # [[Iohannes Maria Wellen]] # [[Lucas Willemarcq]] # [[Annula Wolff]] == Notulae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Fundatio Melissa]] * [[Periodica Latina]] * [[:Categoria:Scriptores Melissae]] == Nexus externus == * [http://www.fundatiomelissa.org/fundatiomelissa/Salvete.html ''Melissae'' situs] * [https://periodica.pantoia.de/melissa/ Index generalis omnium symbolarum et versionum, quae in periodico Latino «Melissa» inscripto continentur] [[Categoria:Belgicae scripta]] [[Categoria:Incepta 1984]] [[Categoria:Periodica Latina]] 5ertwfsp8eilo8wtxai4xg990t79aqv 0 16000 3700027 3667756 2022-08-27T14:21:11Z 2003:C8:3708:7E91:F466:774C:814E:4080 Hodie Bamberga circa 78,000 incolae sunt wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Incipit data !--> {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:St Michael vom Rosengarten aus.jpg|thumb|Rosarium]] <!-- explicit data !--> '''Bamberga''' est [[urbs]] [[Bavaria|Bavarica]] in [[Franconia]] et [[Archidioecesis Bambergensis]] sedes. Hodie Bamberga circa 78,000 incolae sunt. Urbs vetera anno [[1993]] a [[Societas Educativa, Scientifica, et Culturalis Consocietatis Nationum|Societate Educativa, Scientifica, et Culturali Consocietatis Nationum]] vocato [[Patrimonium Mundanum Societatis Educativae, Scientificae, et Culturalis Consocietatis Nationum|patrimonium culturae mundi]] declarata est. == Loca et aedificia notissima == * [[Ecclesia]] cathedralis * Monasterium Sancti Michaelis in Monte Monachorum * [[Bibliotheca Publica Bambergensis]] *[[Technophysiotameum Bambergense]] == Incolae noti == * [[Henricus II (imperator)|Henricus II]], rex [[Regnum Teutonicorum]] ab anno [[1002]] et ab anno [[1014]] usque ad annum [[1024]] [[imperator]] [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium|Sacri Romani Imperii]] ultimus domus regnatricis [[Ottones|Ottonum]] * [[Cunegonda (imperatrix)|Cunegonda]], uxor Henrici II * [[Clemens II]], Episcopus Romanus et [[papa]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]] a die [[24 Decembris]] [[1046]] usque ad diem [[9 Octobris]] [[1047]] erat * [[Otho (rex Graeciae)|Otho]], rex Graeciae, hic mortuus in exsilio die [[26 Iulii]] [[1867]] * [[Carolus Henricus Deschner]], scriptor (1924-2014) == [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana]] == Bamberga est sedes archiepiscopalis cum nomine [[Archidioecesis Bambergensis]] Praesentis [[archiepiscopus]] est [[Ludovicus Schick]]. == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Ottonianum von St. Martin 14-09-2003.JPG|Ottonianum seminarium pastorum Imago:Justitia auf Gericht 2006-02-05.JPG|Iustitia Imago:Fides u. Robur, Wilhelmspost.jpg|FIDES ET ROBUR Imago:Bamberg Altes Rathaus BW 1.JPG|[[Municipium]] vetus Bambergae Imago:Bamberg-Klein Venedig-20140419.jpg|Parva Venetia Bamberg-Neue Residenz-02-2018-gje.jpg|Nova episcopi residentia Bamberg-Dom-176-Turm-Kuehe-2014-gje.jpg|Vaccae in turre Ecclesiae cathedralis Bamberg-Kloster Michelsberg-32-2009-gje.jpg|Monasterium Sancti Michaelis Bamberg-Kaiserin Kunigunde-18-2013-gje.jpg|Cunegonda in ponte inferiore Bamberg-Kreuzigungsgruppe-10-von Leonhard Gollwitzer-2014-gje.jpg|Crucifixio auctore Leonhardo Gollwitzer </gallery> {{NexInt}} * [[Index Communium Bavariae|Indicem Communium Bavariae]] == Nexus externi == {{communiaCat|Bamberg | Bambergam }} * [https://www.bamberg.de Bambergae pagina interretialis] {{Patrimonium Mundi Germaniae}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Bamberga| ]] [[Categoria:Loci hereditatis mundialis in Germania]] [[Categoria:Sedes archiepiscopales Germaniae]] s0qufmd269ec2fo5xesdngnhbz9zabn 0 16366 3699981 2408908 2022-08-27T12:04:02Z IacobusAmor 1163 Titulus italicus &c. (Movenda?) wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{L1}} '''''Tag des Herrn''''' est [[periodicum]] hebdomadale [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholicum Romanum]] a [[Dioecesis|Dioecesibus]] [[Dioecesis Dresdensis-Misnensis|Dresdensi]], [[Dioecesis Erfordiensis|Erfordiensi]], [[Dioecesis Gorlicensis|Gorlicensi]], et [[Dioecesis Magdeburgensis|Magdeburgensi]] editum. Conditum est die [[27 Maii]] anni [[1951]]. Erat unum e duobus periodicis Catholicis in gubernio [[Res publica Democratica Germanica|Rei Publicae Democraticae Germanicae]] approbatis. ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.tag-des-herrn.de Situs interretialis periodici proprius.] [[Categoria:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[Categoria:Germaniae scripta]] [[Categoria:Periodica Theodisca]] h2j5uys1xlic43tegu59kt5ly90qak4 2 16726 3700129 3687423 2022-08-27T20:33:30Z 36.72.172.223 Delete wikitext text/x-wiki * Commentarius primus: "[[Vexillum Stellis Punctatum]]" * Commentarius maximus: [[Cultura]] * Paginae mensis: [[Alanus Mathison Turing]], [[Cultura]], [[Gulielmus Wordsworth]], [[Opera]], ''[[Ornithoptera alexandrae]],'' [[Tangaloa]] &c? * Alii maiores commentarii: [[Bellum Civile Americanum]] (ab alio coeptus); [[Chorda Tristaniana]]; [[Gualterius Rothschild, secundus Baro Rothschild]], &c., &c. * For the record: die 8 Augusti 2021, it took exactly thirty-four minutes to prepare & post the first public version of the article "[[David Coverdale]]."<!-- *Commentarius ultimus:--> <font color="purple">'''OPERA VICIPAEDIAE AB INITIO VSQVE AD DIEM 31 DECEMBRIS 2011 DATA,'''</font> <font color="purple">'''CLASSIFICATIONE DECIMALI DEWEYANA DIGESTA.'''</font> <font color="purple">'''SVMMA COMMENTARIORUM = 2846''' (''numeris falsis et corrigendis iterumque addendis'')</font> <font color="purple">'''SVMMARIVM SVMMARIORVM'''</font> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |- | <font color="green">'''0 SCIENTIA COMPUTATRALIS &c.'''</font> || <font color="green">'''6'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''1 PHILOSOPHIA & PSYCHOLOGIA'''</font> || <font color="green">'''32'''</font> |- |<font color="green"> '''2 RELIGIO'''</font> || <font color="green">'''38''' </font> |- | <font color="green">'''3 SCIENTIAE SOCIETATIS'''</font> || <font color="green">'''79'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''4 LINGUAE'''</font> || <font color="green">'''25'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''5 SCIENTIA'''</font> || <font color="green">'''2145'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''6 TECHNOLOGIA & SCIENTIA ADHIBITA</font> || <font color="green">'''30'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''7 ARTES & OBLECTAMENTA'''</font> || <font color="green">'''133'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''8 LITTERAE'''</font> || <font color="green">'''37'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''9 HISTORIA, GEOGRAPHIA, BIOGRAPHIA'''</font> || <font color="green">'''321'''</font> |} <font color="purple">'''SVMMARIVM DENIS PERSCRIPTVM'''</font><!--10 at a time--> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |- | <font color="green">'''0 SCIENTIA COMPUTATRALIS &c.'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''6'''</font> |- | '''00 Scientia computatralis &c.''' || '''3''' || |- | '''02 Bibliotheca et scientiae informaticae''' || 1 || |- | '''07 Media nuntiorum &c.''' || '''2'''|| |- | |- | <font color="green">'''1 PHILOSOPHIA & PSYCHOLOGIA'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''32'''</font> |- | '''12 Epistemologia''' || '''6'''|| |- | '''13 Parapsychologia et occultismus''' || '''3''' || |- | '''14 Scholae philosophicae''' || '''2''' || |- | '''17 Ethice''' || '''1''' || |- | '''18 Philosophia antiqua, medievalis, orientalis''' || '''19'''|| |- | '''19 Philosophia hodierna Occidentalis''' || '''1'''|| |- | |- |<font color="green"> '''2 RELIGIO'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''38''' </font> |- | '''20 Religio''' || '''2''' || |- | '''21 Philosophia theoriaque religionis''' || '''5'''|| |- | '''26 Christiana organizatio, opus sociale, cultus''' || '''1''' || |- | '''28 Sectae Christianae''' || '''7''' || |- | '''29 Aliae religiones''' || '''23''' || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''3 SCIENTIAE SOCIETATIS'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''79'''</font> |- | '''30 Sociologia societatis''' || '''19'''|| |- | '''32 Scientia politicalis''' || '''21'''|| |- | '''33 Oeconomica''' || '''5'''|| |- | '''34 Lex''' || '''3'''|| |- | '''35 Administratio publica et scientia militaris''' || '''4'''|| |- | '''36 Quaestiones et officia societatis''' || '''3'''|| |- | '''37 Educatio''' || '''2'''|| |- | '''38 Commercium, communicatio, et transportatio''' || '''2''' || |- | '''39 Mores, usus, res folcloricae''' || '''20'''|| |- | |- | <font color="green">'''4 LINGUAE'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''25'''</font> |- | '''40 Lingua''' || '''6'''|| |- | '''41 Linguisticae''' || '''10'''|| |- | '''47 Latina et linguae Italicae''' || '''3'''|| |- | '''49 Linguae aliae''' || '''6'''|| |- | |- | <font color="green">'''5 SCIENTIA'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''2145'''</font> |- | '''51 Mathematica''' || '''14'''|| |- | '''52 Astronomia''' || '''21''' || |- | '''53 Physica''' || '''11''' || |- | '''54 Chemia''' || '''14''' || |- | '''55 Scientiae terrestriales et geologia''' || '''20''' || |- | '''56 Fossilia et vita praehistorica''' || '''30''' || |- | '''57 Scientiae vitae; biologia''' || '''66''' || |- | '''58 Botanice''' || '''489''' || |- | '''59 Animalia (zoologia)''' || '''1480''' || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''6 TECHNOLOGIA & SCIENTIA ADHIBITA</font> || || <font color="green">'''30'''</font> |- | '''60 Technologia''' || 7 || |- | '''61 Medicina et salus''' || '''13''' || |- | '''62 Ingeniaria''' || '''3''' || |- | '''64 Cura domus et familiae''' || '''4''' || |- | '''66 Ars ingeniaria chemica''' || '''1''' || |- | '''67 Fabrica''' || '''1''' || |- | '''68 Fabrica ad usus proprios''' || '''1''' || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''7 ARTES & OBLECTAMENTA'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''133'''</font> |- | '''70 Artes''' || '''2''' || |- | '''72 Architectura''' || '''9''' || |- | '''73 Sculptura, ceramica, metallis opus''' || '''3''' || |- | '''74 Pictura et artes ornatae''' || '''1''' || |- | '''75 Pictura''' || '''4''' || |- | '''76 Artes graphicae; fabrica impressionum et impressiones''' || '''1''' || |- | '''77 Photographia et artes computatrales''' || '''6''' || |- | '''78 Musica''' || '''44''' || |- | '''79 Ludi, oblectamenta''' || '''63''' || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''8 LITTERAE'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''37'''</font> |- |- | '''80 Litterae, rhetorica, criticismus''' || '''4''' || |- | '''81 Litterae Americanae Anglice''' || '''9''' || |- | '''82 Litterae Anglicae et Anglicae Vetustae''' || '''5''' || |- | '''83 Litterae linguarum Germanicarum''' || '''8''' || |- | '''84 Litterae Francicae''' || '''2''' || |- | '''87 Litterae Italicae et Latinae''' || '''4''' || |- | '''89 Litterae aliae''' || '''5''' || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''9 HISTORIA, GEOGRAPHIA, BIOGRAPHIA'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''320'''</font> |- | '''90 Historia et geographia''' || '''3''' || |- | '''91 Geographia et peregrinatio''' || '''18''' || |- | '''93 Historia mundi antiqui''' || '''6''' || |- | '''94 Historia Europae''' || '''18''' || |- | '''95 Historia Asiae''' || '''36''' || |- | '''96 Historia Africae''' || '''5''' || |- | '''97 Historia Americae Septentrionalis''' || '''98''' || |- | '''98 Historia Americae Australis''' || '''1''' || |- | '''99 Historia regionum aliarum''' || '''136''' || |} <font color="purple">'''SVMMARIVM SINGULIS PERSCRIPTVM'''</font> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |- | <font color="green">'''0 SCIENTIA COMPUTATRALIS &c.'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''6'''</font> |- | '''00 Scientia computatralis &c.''' || || '''3''' || |- | 002 Liber || 1 || || |- | 004 Data processing & informatica || 2 || || |- | '''02 Bibliotheca et scientiae informaticae''' || || 1 || |- | 025 Effectiones bibliothecariae || 1 || || |- | '''07 Media nuntiorum &c.''' || || '''2'''|| |- | 070 Media nuntiorum &c. || 2 || || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''1 PHILOSOPHIA & PSYCHOLOGIA'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''32'''</font> |- | '''12 Epistemologia''' || || '''6'''|| |- | 121 Epistemologia || 4 || || |- | 123 Determinismus et indeterminismus || 1 || || |- | 128 Mens || 1 || || |- | '''13 Parapsychologia et occultismus''' || || '''3''' || |- | 130 Parapsychologia et occultismus || 2 || || |- | 133 Res propriae in parapsychologia et occultismo || 1 || || |- | '''14 Scholae philosophicae''' || || '''2''' || |- | 146 Naturalismus et systemata cognata || 2 || || |- | '''17 Ethice''' // 177 Ethice coniunctionum socialium || 1 || '''1''' || |- | '''18 Philosophia antiqua, medievalis, orientalis''' || || '''19'''|| |- | 182 Philosophiae Praesocraticae Graecae || 3 || || |- | 183 Philosophiae Socratica et cognata || 2 || || |- | 186 Philosophia Sceptica et Neoplatonica || 2 || || |- | 187 Philosophia Epicurea || 8 || || |- | 188 Philosophia Stoica || 4 || || |- | '''19 Philosophia hodierna Occidentalis''' || || '''1'''|| |- | 193 Philosophia Germaniae et Austriae || 1 || || |- | |- |<font color="green"> '''2 RELIGIO'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''38''' </font> |- | '''20 Religio''' || || '''2''' || |- | 202 Doctrinae || 1 || || |- | 206 Duces et organizatio || 1 || || |- | '''21 Philosophia theoriaque religionis''' || || '''5'''|| |- | 210 Philosophia theoriaque religionis || 1 || || |- | 211 Notiones deitatis || 4 || || |- | '''26 Christiana organizatio, opus sociale, cultus''' || || '''1''' || |- | 266 Missiones || 1 || || |- | '''28 Sectae Christianae''' || || '''7''' || |- | 281 Ecclesia antiqua et ecclesiae orientales || 2 || || |- | 282 Ecclesia Catholica Romana || 1 || || |- | 283 Ecclesiae Anglicanae || 2 || || |- | 286 Baptistae, Discipuli Christi, Adventistae || 1 || || |- | 289 Aliae sectae || 1 || || |- | '''29 Aliae religiones''' || || '''23''' || |- | 294 Religiones in India ortae || 14 || || |- | 295 Zoroastrianismus || 1 || || |- | 297 Islamismus, Babaismus, Bahai || 3 || || |- | 299 Religiones non alibi digestae || 5|| || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''3 SCIENTIAE SOCIETATIS'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''79'''</font> |- | '''30 Sociologia societatis''' || || '''19'''|| |- | 300 Scientiae sociales || 1|| || |- | 301 Sociologia et anthropologia || 8|| || |- | 303 Rationes sociales || 1|| || |- | 305 Greges sociales || 4|| || |- | 306 Cultura et instituta || 5|| || |- | '''32 Scientia politicalis''' || || '''21'''|| |- | 320 Scientia politicalis || 5|| || |- | 321 Rationes civiles et civitates || 5|| || |- | 323 Iura civilia et publica || 2|| || |- | 324 Ratio civilis || 3|| || |- | 325 Migratio et colonizatio inter civitates || 1 || || |- | 327 Rationes inter civitates || 4 || || |- | 328 Ratio legislativa || 1 || || |- | '''33 Oeconomica''' || || '''5'''|| |- | 332 Oeconomica pecuniaria || 2|| || |- | 333 Oeconomica terrae et energiae || 2|| || |- | 337 Oeconomica internationalis || 1|| || |- | '''34 Lex''' || || '''3'''|| |- | 341 Lex civitatum || 3|| || |- | '''35 Administratio publica et scientia militaris''' || || '''4'''|| |- | 355 Scientia militaris || 1|| || |- | 356 Pedites et bellum || 2|| || |- | 359 Copiae navales et bellum || 1|| || |- | '''36 Quaestiones et officia societatis''' || || '''3'''|| |- | 361 Quaestiones societatis et salutis publica || 2|| || |- | 362 Quaestiones salutis publicae et officia societatis || 1|| || |- | '''37 Educatio''' || || '''2'''|| |- | 370 Educatio || 2|| || |- | '''38 Commercium, communicatio, et transportatio''' || || '''2''' || |- | 380 Commercium, communicatio, et transportatio || 1|| || |- | 387 Transportatio in aqua, aere, spatio || 1|| || |- | '''39 Mores, usus, res folcloricae''' || || '''20'''|| |- | 390 Mores, usus, res folcloricae || 5|| || |- | 391 Habitus et aspectus || 1|| || |- | 393 Mores mortis || 6|| || |- | 394 Mores communes || 3|| || |- | 398 Eruditio populi ("folklore") || 5|| || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''4 LINGUAE'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''24'''</font> |- | '''40 Lingua''' || || '''6'''|| |- | 404 Res propriae || 6|| || |- | '''41 Linguisticae''' || || '''10'''|| |- | 411 Systemata scribendi || 7|| || |- | 417 Dialectologia et linguistica historica || 2|| || |- | 418 Usus normativus et linguistica adhibita || 1|| || |- | '''47 Latina et linguae Italicae''' || || '''3'''|| |- | 470 Linguae Italicae || 2|| || |- | 471 Systemata scribendi et phonologia Latina || 1|| || |- | '''49 Linguae aliae''' || || '''6'''|| |- | 490 Linguae aliae || 2|| || |- | 491 Linguae Indo-Europaeae et Celticae || 1|| || |- | 499 Austronesiana et aliae linguae || 3|| || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''5 SCIENTIA'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''2145'''</font> |- | '''51 Mathematica''' || || '''14'''|| |- | 510 Mathematica || 10|| || |- | 511 Algebra || 1 || || |- | 516 Geometria || 3 || || |- | '''52 Astronomia''' || || '''21''' || |- | 520 Astronomia scientiaeque sociatae || 1 || || |- | 523 Specifica corpora caelestia et phaenomena || 16 || || |- | 529 Chronologia || 4 || || |- | '''53 Physica''' || || '''11''' || |- | 530 Physica || 1 || || |- | 537 Electricitas et res electronicae || 1 || || |- | 539 Physica hodierna || 9 || || |- | '''54 Chemia''' || || '''14''' || |- | 547 Chemia organica || 3 || || |- | 548 Crystallographia || 2 || || |- | 549 Mineralogia || 9 || || |- | '''55 Scientiae terrestriales et geologia''' || || '''20''' || |- | 551 Geologia, hydrologia, meteorologia || 16 || || |- | 552 Petrologia || 3 || || |- | 557 Scientie terrestres Americae Septentrionalis || 1 || || |- | '''56 Fossilia et vita praehistorica''' || || '''30''' || |- | 560 Palaeontologia, palaeozoologia || 26 || || |- | 566 Fossilia Chordata || 4 || || |- | '''57 Scientiae vitae; biologia''' || || '''66''' || |- | 570 Scientiae vitae; biologia || 25 || || |- | 575 Partes et systemata plantarum || 17 || || |- | 576 Genetica et evolutio || 2 || || |- | 577 Oecologia || 3 || || |- | 578 Historia naturalis organismorum || 1 || || |- | 579 Microorganismi || 18 || || |- | '''58 Botanice''' || || '''489''' || |- | 580 Plantae || 7 || || |- | 581 Res propriae in historia naturali || 2 || || |- | 583 Dicotyledones (Eudicotyledones + Magnoliidae) || 369 || || |- | —<small>Div.Lycopodiophyta :: '''1''' || || || |- | —<small>EUDICOTYLEDONES BASALES(+1) :: '''4''' || || || |- | ——<small>Ranunculales: 3 || || || |- | —<small>EUDICOTYLEDONES NUCLEARES :: '''23''' || || || |- | ——<small>Caryophyllales: 23 || || || |- | —<small>CLADUS ASTERIDAE(+1) :: '''17''' || || || |- | ——<small>Cornales : 1 || || || |- | ——<small>Ericales: 15 || || || |- | —<small>CLADUS EUASTERIDAE #1 :: '''87''' || || || |- | ——<small>Boraginaceae: 23 || || || |- | ——<small>Solanales: 1 || || || |- | ——<small>Gentianales: 36 || || || |- | ——<small>Lamiales: 27 || || || |- | —<small>CLADUS EUASTERIDAE #2 :: '''34''' || || || |- | ——<small>fam.sine-ord.Escalloniaceae : 1 || || || |- | ——<small>Apiales : 10 || || || |- | ——<small>Asterales : 16 || || || |- | ——<small>Campanulales : 7 || || || |- | —<small>SUPERROSIDAE :: '''9''' || || || |- | ——<small>Saxifragales : 9 || || || |- | —<small>ROSIDAE(+1) :: '''164''' || || || |- | ——<small>Zygophyllales: 1 || || || |- | ——<small>Malpighiales: 27 || || || |- | ——<small>Fabales: 58 || || || |- | ——<small>Rosales: 14 || || || |- | ——<small>Fagales: 2 || || || |- | ——<small>Myrtales: 10 || || || |- | ——<small>Sapindales: 30 || || || |- | ——<small>Brassicales: 1 || || || |- | ——<small>Malvales: 10 || || || |- | ——<small>Oxalidales: 10 || || || |- | —<small>CLADUS MAGNOLIIDAE :: '''30''' || || || |- | ——<small>Piperales: 13 || || || |- | ——<small>Laurales: 7 || || || |- | ——<small>Magnoliales: 10 || || || |- | 584 Monocotyledones || 86 || || <!--Make a Misc. here--> |- | ——<small>Alismatales: 3 || || || |- | ——<small>Asparagales: 25 || || || |- | ——<small>Liliales: 3 || || || |- | ——<small>Pandanales: 5 || || || |- | —<small>CLADUS COMMELINIDAE :: '''1''' || || || |- | ——<small>Arecales: 16 || || || |- | ——<small>Commelinales: 17 || || || |- | ——<small>Poales: 7 || || || |- | ——<small>Zingiberales: 9 || || || |- | 585 Gymnospermae || 6 || || |- | 587 Pteridophyta (divisio) || 16 || || |- | ——<small>Cyatheales: 14 || || || |- | ——<small>Polypodiales: 2 || || || |- | 589 Thallophyta et procaryota || 3 || || |- | '''59 Animalia (zoologia)''' || || '''1480''' || |- | 590 Animalia (zoologia) || 6 || || |- | 591 Res specificae in historia naturalis || 3 || || |- | 592 Invertebrata || 1 || || |- | 593 Protozoa, Echinodermata, et cognata || 40 || || |- | —<small>clad.Pelmatozoa :: '''1''' || || || |- | —<small>subphyl.Blastozoa :: '''1''' || || || |- | —<small>subphyl.Echinozoa :: '''1''' || || || |- | ——<small>class.Asteroidea: 35 || || || |- | ——<small>class.Ophiuroidea: 2 || || || |- | 594 phyl.Mollusca(+1) || 163 || || |- | —<small>594.1 class.Bivalvia :: '''120''' || || || |- | ——<small>subcl.Anomalosdesmata: 7 || || || |- | ——<small>subcl.Cryptodonta: 2 || || || |- | ——<small>subcl.Heterodonta: 21 || || || |- | ——<small>subcl.Pteriomorphia(+1): 90 || || || |- | ———<small>ord.Arcoide (5) || || || |- | ———<small>ord.Limoida (14) || || || |- | ———<small>ord.Mytiloida (11) || || || |- | ———<small>ord.Ostreoida(+1) (43) || || || |- | ————<small>subord.Ostreina [1] || || || |- | ————<small>subord.Pectinina [41] || || || |- | ———<small>ord.Pterioida (16) || || || |- | —<small>594.3 class.Gastropoda :: '''41''' || || || |- | —<small>594.5 class.Cephalopoda :: '''2''' || || || |- | 595 Articulata || 1013 || || |- | —<small>595.1 Vermes :: '''1''' || || || |- | —<small>595.2 phyl.Arthropoda :: '''5''' || || || |- | —<small>595.3 subphyl.Crustacea(+1) :: '''66''' || || || |- | ——<small>595.36 cl.Malacostraca: 62 || || || |- | ———<small>subcl.Eumalacostraca(+1) (60) || || || |- | ————<small>superord.Peracarida [1] || || || |- | ————<small>ord.Euphausiacea [1] // ord.Decapoda [26] || || || |- | ————<small>ord.Potamoidea [30] || || || |- | ————<small>infraord.Thalassinidea [1] || || || |- | ———<small>subcl.Hoplocarida (2) || || || |- | ——<small>595.38 Thoracostraca: 3 || || || |- | —<small>595.4 subphyl./clas.Chelicerata :: '''7''' || || || |- | —<small>595.6 subphyl.Myriapoda / Chilopoda :: '''3''' || || || |- | —<small>595.x superord.Dictyoptera :: '''7''' || || || |- | —<small>595.7 subphyl.Hexapoda (Insecta) :: '''924''' || || || |- | ——<small>''Miscellanea'': 9 || || || |- | ——<small>595.7x subcl.Pterygota: 1 || || || |- | ——<small>595.71 ord.Thysanura: 4 || || || |- | ——<small>595.72 ord.Orthoptera: 3 || || || |- | ——<small>595.73 superord.Exopterygota (Hemimetabola): 2 || || || |- | ——<small>595.75 ord.Hemiptera: 10 || || || |- | ——<small>595.76 ord.Coleoptera: 83 || || || |- | ———<small>''Miscellanea'' (3) || || || |- | ———<small>subord.Adephaga (11) || || || |- | ———<small>subord.Polyphaga (69) || || || |- | ————<small>infraord.Bostrichiformia [11] || || || |- | ————<small>infraord.Cucujiformia [28] || || || |- | ————<small>infraord.Elateriformia [21] || || || |- | ————<small>infraord.Scarabaeiformia [5] || || || |- | ————<small>infraord.Staphyliniformia [4] || || || |- | ——<small>595.77 ord.Diptera: 4 || || || |- | ——<small>595.78 ord.Lepidoptera [Pro singulis lepidopterorum, vide infra]: 779 || || || |- | ——<small>595.79 ord.Hymenoptera: 29 || || || |- | ———<small>''Miscellanea'' (7) || || || |- | ———<small>subord.Apocrita (22) || || || |- | 596 Chordata || 21 || || |- | —<small>596.x :: '''11''' || || || |- | —<small>596.x Tetrapoda :: '''10''' || || || |- | ——<small>Amphibia: 8 || || || |- | ——<small>Sauropsida: 2 || || || |- | 597 Vertebrata sanguine frigido habentia || 152 || ||<!--WAS 156--> |- | —<small>597.3 Chondrichthyes :: '''2''' || || || |- | —<small>597.5 Teleostei :: '''147''' || || ||<!--WAS 148--> |- | —<small>superord.Elopomorpha :: '''21''' || || || |- |—<small>superord.Ostariophysi :: '''4''' || || || |- | —<small>superord.Paracanthopterygii :: '''3''' || || || |- | —<small>superord.Acanthopterygii :: '''117''' || || || |- | —<small>superord.Protacanthopterygii :: '''2''' || || || |- | —<small>597.8 Anura :: '''3''' || || || |- | 598 Sauria (Reptilia, Aves) || 64 || ||<!--WAS 61--> |- | —<small>598.1 Reptilia :: '''26''' || || || |- | —<small>598.2 Aves(+2) :: '''38''' || || || |- | ——<small>Anseriformes: 1 // Columbiformes: 3 // †Confuciusornithiformes: 1 || || || |- | ——<small>Coraciiformes: 1 // Galliformes: 1 // Gruiformes: 3 || || || |- | ——<small>Passeriformes: 20 // Piciformes: 1 // Procellariiformes: 1 || || || |- | ——<small>Psittaciformes: 1 // Sphenisciformes: 1 // Strigiformes: 2 || || || |- | 599 Mammalia || 16 || || |- | —<small>Lagomorpha :: '''1''' // Artiodactyla :: '''4''' // Chiroptera :: '''2''' || || || |- | —<small>Cetacea :: '''2''' // Carnivora :: '''6''' // Rodentia :: '''1''' || || || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''6 TECHNOLOGIA & SCIENTIA ADHIBITA</font> || || || <font color="green">'''30'''</font> |- | '''60 Technologia''' || || 7 || |- | 601 Philosophia et theoria || 6 || || |- | 608 Inventiones et diplomata : || 1 || || |- | '''61 Medicina et salus''' || || '''13''' || |- | 613 Salus propria || 1 || || |- | 615 Pharmacologia et therapeutica || 2 || || |- | 616 Morbi || 9 || || |- | 617 Chirurgia et res coniunctae || 1 || || |- | '''62 Ingeniaria''' || || '''3''' || |- | 621 Physica adhibita || 2 || || |- | 623 Ars ingeniaria militaris et maritima : 1 || || || |- | '''64 Cura domus et familiae''' || || '''4''' || |- | 641 Cibus et potio || 4 || || |- | '''66 Ars ingeniaria chemica''' // 661 Chemicae industriae || 1 || '''1''' || |- | '''67 Fabrica''' // 670 Fabrica || 1 ||'''1''' || |- | '''68 Fabrica ad usus proprios''' // 681 Artes librariae || 1 || '''1''' || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''7 ARTES & OBLECTAMENTA'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''131'''</font> |- | '''70 Artes''' || || '''2''' || |- | 701 Philosophia artium finium et decorativarum || 1 || || |- | 706 Organizationes et administrationes || 1 || || |- | '''72 Architectura''' || || '''9''' || |- | 720 Architectura || 3 || || |- | 722 Architectura ad 300 || 3 || || |- | 728 Aedificia habitationis et cognata || 3 || || |- | '''73 Sculptura, ceramica, metallis opus''' || || '''3''' || |- | 733 Sculptura Graeca, Etrusca, Romana || 1 || || |- | 737 Numismatica et sigillographia || 2 || || |- | '''74 Pictura et artes ornatae''' // 741 Picturae || 1 || '''1''' || |- | '''75 Pictura''' || || '''4''' || |- | 759 Historia, geographia, homines || 4 || || |- | '''76 Artes graphicae; fabrica impressionum et impressiones''' || || '''1''' || |- | 769 Impressiones || 1 || || |- | '''77 Photographia et artes computatrales''' || || '''6''' || |- | 770 Photographia, photographemata, et artes computatrales || 6 || || |- | '''78 Musica''' || || '''44''' || |- | 780 Musica || 21 || || |- | 781 Principales generales et formae musicales || 11 || || |- | 782 Musica vocalis || 9 || || |- | 783 Musica pro vocibus singulis; vox || 1 || || |- | 784 Instrumenta et greges instrumentales || 2 || || |- | '''79 Ludi, oblectamenta''' || || '''63''' || |- | 791 Exsecutiones publicae, pelliculae, televisio || 10 || || |- | 792 Oblectamenta scaenica || 2 || || |- | 793 Ludi et oblectamenta intus || 1 || || |- | 794 Artes sollertiae intus || 1 || || |- | 796 Artes athleticae exteri || 46 || || |- | ——<small>''Miscellanea'': 2 || || || |- | ——<small>796.3 Ludi pilarum: 3 // 796.6 Birotatio et birotarii: 37 || || || |- | ——<small>796.7 Vehicula motorica: 1 // 796.8 Ludi pugnacitatis: 1 || || || |- | 797 Ludi aquatici et aeriales || 3 || || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''8 LITTERAE'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''37'''</font> |- |- | '''80 Litterae, rhetorica, criticismus''' || || '''4''' || |- | 800 Litterae, rhetorica || 3 || || |- | 809 Historia, descriptio, iudicium || 1 || || |- | '''81 Litterae Americanae Anglice''' || || '''9''' || |- | 810 Litterae Americanae Anglice scriptae || 6 || || |- | 811 Poesis Americana Anglice scripta || 2 || || |- | 814 Commentarii Americani Anglice scripti || 1 || || |- | '''82 Litterae Anglicae et Anglicae Vetustae''' || || '''5''' || |- | 820 Litterae Anglicae et Anglicae Vetustae || 1 || || |- | 821 Poesis Anglica || 3 || || |- | 823 Fictio Anglica || 1 || || |- | '''83 Litterae linguarum Germanicarum''' || || '''8''' || |- | 831 Poemata Theodisca || 2 || || |- | 836 Litterae Theodiscae || 6 || || |- | '''84 Litterae Francicae''' || || '''2''' || |- | 848 Litterae Francicae variae || 2 || || |- | '''85 Litterae Italicae, Romanianae, et cognatae''' || || '''1''' || |- | 858 Scripturae miscellaneae Italicae || 1 || || |- | '''87 Litterae Italicae et Latinae''' || || '''4''' || |- | 870 Litterae Italicae et Latinae || 1 || || |- | 871 Poesia Latina || 2 || || |- | 872 Latina poesia dramatica et drama || 1 || || |- | '''89 Litterae aliae''' || || '''5''' || |- | 891 Litterae Indo-Europaeae Orientales et Celticae || 1 || || |- | 892 Litterae Afro-Asiaticae, litterae Semiticae || 2 || || |- | 895 Litterae Asiae Orientalis et Meridio-Orientalis || 1 || || |- | 899 Litterae Austronesiae et aliae || 1 || || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''9 HISTORIA, GEOGRAPHIA, BIOGRAPHIA'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''321'''</font> |- | '''90 Historia et geographia''' || || '''3''' || |- | 900 Historia et geographia || 3 || || |- | '''91 Geographia et peregrinatio''' || || '''18''' || |- | 910 Geographia et peregrinatio || 6 || || |- | 914 Geographia et peregrinatio in Europa || 2 || || |- | 915 Geographia et peregrinatio in Asia || 6 || || |- | 916 Geographia et peregrinatio in Africa || 3 || || |- | 917 Geographia et peregrinatio in America Septentrionali || 1 || || |- | '''93 Historia mundi antiqui''' || || '''6''' || |- | 931 Sina ad 420 || 5 || || |- | 936 Europa ad septentriones et occidentem Italiae ad ca. 499 || 1 || || |- | '''94 Historia Europae''' || || '''18''' || |- | 940 Historia Europae || 2 || || |- | 941 Insulae Britannicae || 5 || || |- | 942 Anglia et Cambria || 2 || || |- | 943 Media Europa, Germania || 1 || || |- | 944 Francia et Monacum || 1 || || |- | 946 Paeninsula Iberica et insulae adiacentes || 2 || || |- | 947 Europa Orientalis; Russia || 3 || || |- | 948 Scandinavia || 1 || || |- | 949 Historia aliarum Europae partium || 1 || || |- | '''95 Historia Asiae''' || || '''36''' || |- | 951 Sina et regiones proximae || 16 || || |- | 952 Iaponia || 2 || || |- | 953 Paeninsula Arabica et regiones contiguae || 1 || || |- | 954 Asia meridiana, India || 9 || || |- | 956 Asia Occidentalis (Medius Oriens) || 5 || || |- | 959 Asia Meridio-Orientalis || 3 || || |- | '''96 Historia Africae''' || || '''5''' || |- | 960 Historia Africae || 4 || || |- | 968 Africa Australis || 1 || || |- | '''97 Historia Americae Septentrionalis''' || || '''98''' || |- | 970 Historia Americae Septentrionalis || 5 || || |- | 972 Media America, Mexicum, Cuba || 1 || || |- | 973 Civitates Foederatae Americae || 47 || || |- | —<small>''Miscellanea'' :: '''20''' || || || |- | —<small>973.7 Bellum Civile Americanum :: '''27''' || || || |- | 974 Civitates Foederatae Americae Boreo-Orientales || 13 || || |- | 975 Civitates Foederatae Americae Meridianae Orientalesque || 20 || || |- | 976 Civitates Foederatae Americae Meridianae et Mediae || 3 || || |- | 978 Civitates Foederatae Americae Occidentales || 8 || || |- | 979 Civitates Foederatae Americae Pacificae || 1 || || |- | '''98 Historia Americae Australis''' // 983 Tsilia || 1 || '''1''' || |- | '''99 Historia regionum aliarum''' || || '''136''' || |- | 994 Australia || 7 || || |- | 995 Melanesia, Nova Guinea || 9 || || |- | 996 Polynesia || 116 || || |- | —<small>''Miscellanea'' :: '''4''' || || || |- | —<small>996.1 (Polynesia Occidentalis) :: '''67''' || || || |- | ——<small>996.11 Viti (1) || || || |- | ——<small>996.12 Tonga (6) || || || |- | ——<small>996.13 Samoa Americana (5) || || || |- | ——<small>996.14 Samoa (41) || || || |- | ———<small>''Miscellanea'' [4] // Homines [7] || || || |- | ———<small>Insulae et freta [6] // Loci Savaiiorum [11] || || || |- | ———<small>Loci Upolus [10] // Mythologia [3] || || || |- | ——<small>996.1x Niue (2) // 996.1x Tokelau (10) // 996.1x Uvea (2) || || || |- | —<small>996.2 Insulae Societatis, Australes, Cook :: '''8''' || || || |- | —<small>996.5 Micronesia :: '''6''' || || || |- | —<small>996.9 Havaii :: '''16''' || || || |- | —<small>996.x Polynesia Occidentalis :: '''16''' || || || |- | 997 Insulae remotae || 1 || || |- | 998 Arctica et Antarctica || 3 || || |}<!-- <font color="purple">'''SVMMARIVM LEPIDOPTERORVM'''</font> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |- | <font color="green">'''595.78 LEPIDOPTERA'''</font> || || || || <font color="green">'''779'''</font> |- | ¶ ''Miscellanea'' || || || '''6''' || |- | ¶ '''subordo Glossata''' || || || '''1''' || |- | ¶ '''infraordo Dacnonypha''' || || || '''1''' || |- | ¶ '''infraordo Exoporia''' || || || '''10''' || |- | ''Miscellanea'' || || 1 || || |- | superf.Hepialoidea || || 9 || || |- | ''Miscellanea'' || 1 || || || |- | Anomosetidae || 1 || || || |- | Hepialidae || 4 || || || |- | Neotheoridae || 1 || || || |- | Palaeosetidae ||1 || || || |- | Prototheoridae || 1 || || || |- | ¶ '''infraordo Lophocoronina''' || || || '''1''' || |- | ¶ '''infraordo Heteroneura''' || || || '''746''' || |- | '''divisio~sous-ordre Ditrysia''' || || '''1''' || || |- | '''superf.Incurvarioidea''' || || '''2''' || || |- | Adelidae || 1 || || || |- | Prodoxidae || 1 || || || |- | '''superf.Yponomeutoidea''' || || '''10''' || || |- | '''superf.Gelechioidea''' || || '''3''' || || |- | Elachistidae || 1 || || || |- | Gelechiidae || 1 || || || |- | Oecophoridae || 1 || || || |- | '''sectio Cossina''' || || '''1''' || || |- | '''superf.Mimallonoidea''' || || '''1''' || || |- | '''superf.Pyraloidea''' || || '''11''' || || |- |''' superf.Zygaenoidea''' || || '''39''' || || |- | ''Miscellanea'' || 2 || || || |- | Anomoeotidae || 6 || || || |- | Lacturidae || 8 || || || |- | Megalopygidae || 3 || || || |- | Zygaenidae || 20 || || || |- | '''superf.Geometroidea''' || || '''14''' || || |- | ''Miscellanea'' || 1 || || || |- | Geometridae || 13 || || || |- | —<small>subf.Ennominae: 11 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Geometrinae: 2 || || || || |- | '''superf.Tortricoidea''' || || '''38''' || || |- | ''Miscellanea'' || 3 || || || |- | Psychidae || 1 || || || |- | Tortricidae || 33 || || || |- | —<small>''Miscellanea'': 2 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Olethreutinae: 4 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Tortricinae: 27 || || || || |- | Uraniidae || 1 || || || |- | '''superf.Hesperioidea = Hesperiidae''' || || '''29''' || || |- | —<small>subf.Eudaminae: 9 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Hesperiinae: 11 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Pyrginae: 9 || || || || |- | '''superf.Papilionoidea''' || || '''443''' || || |- | ''Miscellanea'' || 1 || || || |- | Lycaenidae || 142 || || || |- | —<small>''Miscellanea'': 15 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Liphyrinae: 1 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Lycaeninae: 7 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Miletinae: 4 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Polyommatinae: 14 || || || || |- | <small>subf.Poritiinae: 13 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Pyrginae: 1 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Theclinae: 87 || || || || |- | Nymphalidae || 192 || || || |- | —<small>subf.Biblidinae: 9 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Charaxinae: 1 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Danainae: 40 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Heliconiinae: 18 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Morphinae: 14 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Nymphalinae: 25 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Satyrinae: 85 || || || || |- | Papilionidae || 24 || || || |- | Pieridae || 83 || || || |- | —<small>subf.Dismorphiinae: 7 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Coliadinae: 51 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Nemeobiinae: 4 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Pierinae: 21 || || || || |- | Riodinidae || 1 || || || |- | '''superf.Bombycoidea''' || || '''31''' || || |- | Bombycidae || 7 || || || |- | Endromidae || 2 || || || |- | Eupterotidae || 6 || || || |- | Lemoniidae || 1 || || || |- | Saturniidae || 13 || || || |- | Sphingidae || 2 || || || |- | '''superf.Cimelioidea''' || || '''1''' || || |- | '''superf.Noctuoidea''' || || '''122''' || || |- | ''Miscellanea'' || 1 || || || |- | Lymantriidae || 1 || || || |- | Noctuidae || 105 || || || |- | —<small>subf.Acronictinae: 13 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Calpinae: 6 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Catocalinae: 52 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Cuculliinae: 1 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Hadeninae: 22 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Noctuinae: 8 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Plusiinae: 3 || || || || |- | Nolidae || 1 || || || |- | Oenosandridae || 14 || || || |- | ¶ '''subordo Zeugloptera''' || || || '''14''' || |}--> rcnk90p8wo60z15vll1a4a3agchqsum 3700133 3700129 2022-08-27T20:37:13Z 36.72.172.223 Vaccum wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 3700134 3700133 2022-08-27T20:37:44Z WikiBayer 102271 Recensiones a conlatore [[Special:Contributions/36.72.172.223|36.72.172.223]] ([[User talk:36.72.172.223|Disputatio]]) factas in superiorem redactionem a conlatore [[User:Arbarulo|Arbarulo]] factam restitui wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|orange}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Fasciculus:Tireless_Contributor_Barnstar.gif|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''Stella Constantiae - Iacobe ''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid orange;" | Hoc praemium datum est Vicipaediano ob suam constantiam in conferendo et corrigendo. Grati sumus ob conlationes tuas! --[[Usor:Medievalista|Xaverius]] 14:07, 13 Aprilis 2007 (UTC) |} {| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Fasciculus:Fasces lictoriae.svg|50px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''Fasces Censoriae IacoboAmore decretae''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Hoc insigne, laudibus Vicipaedianorum omnium oneratum, datum est ob tutelam huius encyclopaediae! -- [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:02, 30 Maii 2009 (UTC) |} * Commentarius primus: "[[Vexillum Stellis Punctatum]]" * Commentarius maximus: [[Cultura]] * Paginae mensis: [[Alanus Mathison Turing]], [[Cultura]], [[Gulielmus Wordsworth]], [[Opera]], ''[[Ornithoptera alexandrae]],'' [[Tangaloa]] &c? * Alii maiores commentarii: [[Bellum Civile Americanum]] (ab alio coeptus); [[Chorda Tristaniana]]; [[Gualterius Rothschild, secundus Baro Rothschild]], &c., &c. * For the record: die 8 Augusti 2021, it took exactly thirty-four minutes to prepare & post the first public version of the article "[[David Coverdale]]."<!-- *Commentarius ultimus:--> <font color="purple">'''OPERA VICIPAEDIAE AB INITIO VSQVE AD DIEM 31 DECEMBRIS 2011 DATA,'''</font> <font color="purple">'''CLASSIFICATIONE DECIMALI DEWEYANA DIGESTA.'''</font> <font color="purple">'''SVMMA COMMENTARIORUM = 2846''' (''numeris falsis et corrigendis iterumque addendis'')</font> <font color="purple">'''SVMMARIVM SVMMARIORVM'''</font> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |- | <font color="green">'''0 SCIENTIA COMPUTATRALIS &c.'''</font> || <font color="green">'''6'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''1 PHILOSOPHIA & PSYCHOLOGIA'''</font> || <font color="green">'''32'''</font> |- |<font color="green"> '''2 RELIGIO'''</font> || <font color="green">'''38''' </font> |- | <font color="green">'''3 SCIENTIAE SOCIETATIS'''</font> || <font color="green">'''79'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''4 LINGUAE'''</font> || <font color="green">'''25'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''5 SCIENTIA'''</font> || <font color="green">'''2145'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''6 TECHNOLOGIA & SCIENTIA ADHIBITA</font> || <font color="green">'''30'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''7 ARTES & OBLECTAMENTA'''</font> || <font color="green">'''133'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''8 LITTERAE'''</font> || <font color="green">'''37'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''9 HISTORIA, GEOGRAPHIA, BIOGRAPHIA'''</font> || <font color="green">'''321'''</font> |} <font color="purple">'''SVMMARIVM DENIS PERSCRIPTVM'''</font><!--10 at a time--> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |- | <font color="green">'''0 SCIENTIA COMPUTATRALIS &c.'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''6'''</font> |- | '''00 Scientia computatralis &c.''' || '''3''' || |- | '''02 Bibliotheca et scientiae informaticae''' || 1 || |- | '''07 Media nuntiorum &c.''' || '''2'''|| |- | |- | <font color="green">'''1 PHILOSOPHIA & PSYCHOLOGIA'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''32'''</font> |- | '''12 Epistemologia''' || '''6'''|| |- | '''13 Parapsychologia et occultismus''' || '''3''' || |- | '''14 Scholae philosophicae''' || '''2''' || |- | '''17 Ethice''' || '''1''' || |- | '''18 Philosophia antiqua, medievalis, orientalis''' || '''19'''|| |- | '''19 Philosophia hodierna Occidentalis''' || '''1'''|| |- | |- |<font color="green"> '''2 RELIGIO'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''38''' </font> |- | '''20 Religio''' || '''2''' || |- | '''21 Philosophia theoriaque religionis''' || '''5'''|| |- | '''26 Christiana organizatio, opus sociale, cultus''' || '''1''' || |- | '''28 Sectae Christianae''' || '''7''' || |- | '''29 Aliae religiones''' || '''23''' || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''3 SCIENTIAE SOCIETATIS'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''79'''</font> |- | '''30 Sociologia societatis''' || '''19'''|| |- | '''32 Scientia politicalis''' || '''21'''|| |- | '''33 Oeconomica''' || '''5'''|| |- | '''34 Lex''' || '''3'''|| |- | '''35 Administratio publica et scientia militaris''' || '''4'''|| |- | '''36 Quaestiones et officia societatis''' || '''3'''|| |- | '''37 Educatio''' || '''2'''|| |- | '''38 Commercium, communicatio, et transportatio''' || '''2''' || |- | '''39 Mores, usus, res folcloricae''' || '''20'''|| |- | |- | <font color="green">'''4 LINGUAE'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''25'''</font> |- | '''40 Lingua''' || '''6'''|| |- | '''41 Linguisticae''' || '''10'''|| |- | '''47 Latina et linguae Italicae''' || '''3'''|| |- | '''49 Linguae aliae''' || '''6'''|| |- | |- | <font color="green">'''5 SCIENTIA'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''2145'''</font> |- | '''51 Mathematica''' || '''14'''|| |- | '''52 Astronomia''' || '''21''' || |- | '''53 Physica''' || '''11''' || |- | '''54 Chemia''' || '''14''' || |- | '''55 Scientiae terrestriales et geologia''' || '''20''' || |- | '''56 Fossilia et vita praehistorica''' || '''30''' || |- | '''57 Scientiae vitae; biologia''' || '''66''' || |- | '''58 Botanice''' || '''489''' || |- | '''59 Animalia (zoologia)''' || '''1480''' || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''6 TECHNOLOGIA & SCIENTIA ADHIBITA</font> || || <font color="green">'''30'''</font> |- | '''60 Technologia''' || 7 || |- | '''61 Medicina et salus''' || '''13''' || |- | '''62 Ingeniaria''' || '''3''' || |- | '''64 Cura domus et familiae''' || '''4''' || |- | '''66 Ars ingeniaria chemica''' || '''1''' || |- | '''67 Fabrica''' || '''1''' || |- | '''68 Fabrica ad usus proprios''' || '''1''' || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''7 ARTES & OBLECTAMENTA'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''133'''</font> |- | '''70 Artes''' || '''2''' || |- | '''72 Architectura''' || '''9''' || |- | '''73 Sculptura, ceramica, metallis opus''' || '''3''' || |- | '''74 Pictura et artes ornatae''' || '''1''' || |- | '''75 Pictura''' || '''4''' || |- | '''76 Artes graphicae; fabrica impressionum et impressiones''' || '''1''' || |- | '''77 Photographia et artes computatrales''' || '''6''' || |- | '''78 Musica''' || '''44''' || |- | '''79 Ludi, oblectamenta''' || '''63''' || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''8 LITTERAE'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''37'''</font> |- |- | '''80 Litterae, rhetorica, criticismus''' || '''4''' || |- | '''81 Litterae Americanae Anglice''' || '''9''' || |- | '''82 Litterae Anglicae et Anglicae Vetustae''' || '''5''' || |- | '''83 Litterae linguarum Germanicarum''' || '''8''' || |- | '''84 Litterae Francicae''' || '''2''' || |- | '''87 Litterae Italicae et Latinae''' || '''4''' || |- | '''89 Litterae aliae''' || '''5''' || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''9 HISTORIA, GEOGRAPHIA, BIOGRAPHIA'''</font> || || <font color="green">'''320'''</font> |- | '''90 Historia et geographia''' || '''3''' || |- | '''91 Geographia et peregrinatio''' || '''18''' || |- | '''93 Historia mundi antiqui''' || '''6''' || |- | '''94 Historia Europae''' || '''18''' || |- | '''95 Historia Asiae''' || '''36''' || |- | '''96 Historia Africae''' || '''5''' || |- | '''97 Historia Americae Septentrionalis''' || '''98''' || |- | '''98 Historia Americae Australis''' || '''1''' || |- | '''99 Historia regionum aliarum''' || '''136''' || |} <font color="purple">'''SVMMARIVM SINGULIS PERSCRIPTVM'''</font> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |- | <font color="green">'''0 SCIENTIA COMPUTATRALIS &c.'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''6'''</font> |- | '''00 Scientia computatralis &c.''' || || '''3''' || |- | 002 Liber || 1 || || |- | 004 Data processing & informatica || 2 || || |- | '''02 Bibliotheca et scientiae informaticae''' || || 1 || |- | 025 Effectiones bibliothecariae || 1 || || |- | '''07 Media nuntiorum &c.''' || || '''2'''|| |- | 070 Media nuntiorum &c. || 2 || || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''1 PHILOSOPHIA & PSYCHOLOGIA'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''32'''</font> |- | '''12 Epistemologia''' || || '''6'''|| |- | 121 Epistemologia || 4 || || |- | 123 Determinismus et indeterminismus || 1 || || |- | 128 Mens || 1 || || |- | '''13 Parapsychologia et occultismus''' || || '''3''' || |- | 130 Parapsychologia et occultismus || 2 || || |- | 133 Res propriae in parapsychologia et occultismo || 1 || || |- | '''14 Scholae philosophicae''' || || '''2''' || |- | 146 Naturalismus et systemata cognata || 2 || || |- | '''17 Ethice''' // 177 Ethice coniunctionum socialium || 1 || '''1''' || |- | '''18 Philosophia antiqua, medievalis, orientalis''' || || '''19'''|| |- | 182 Philosophiae Praesocraticae Graecae || 3 || || |- | 183 Philosophiae Socratica et cognata || 2 || || |- | 186 Philosophia Sceptica et Neoplatonica || 2 || || |- | 187 Philosophia Epicurea || 8 || || |- | 188 Philosophia Stoica || 4 || || |- | '''19 Philosophia hodierna Occidentalis''' || || '''1'''|| |- | 193 Philosophia Germaniae et Austriae || 1 || || |- | |- |<font color="green"> '''2 RELIGIO'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''38''' </font> |- | '''20 Religio''' || || '''2''' || |- | 202 Doctrinae || 1 || || |- | 206 Duces et organizatio || 1 || || |- | '''21 Philosophia theoriaque religionis''' || || '''5'''|| |- | 210 Philosophia theoriaque religionis || 1 || || |- | 211 Notiones deitatis || 4 || || |- | '''26 Christiana organizatio, opus sociale, cultus''' || || '''1''' || |- | 266 Missiones || 1 || || |- | '''28 Sectae Christianae''' || || '''7''' || |- | 281 Ecclesia antiqua et ecclesiae orientales || 2 || || |- | 282 Ecclesia Catholica Romana || 1 || || |- | 283 Ecclesiae Anglicanae || 2 || || |- | 286 Baptistae, Discipuli Christi, Adventistae || 1 || || |- | 289 Aliae sectae || 1 || || |- | '''29 Aliae religiones''' || || '''23''' || |- | 294 Religiones in India ortae || 14 || || |- | 295 Zoroastrianismus || 1 || || |- | 297 Islamismus, Babaismus, Bahai || 3 || || |- | 299 Religiones non alibi digestae || 5|| || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''3 SCIENTIAE SOCIETATIS'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''79'''</font> |- | '''30 Sociologia societatis''' || || '''19'''|| |- | 300 Scientiae sociales || 1|| || |- | 301 Sociologia et anthropologia || 8|| || |- | 303 Rationes sociales || 1|| || |- | 305 Greges sociales || 4|| || |- | 306 Cultura et instituta || 5|| || |- | '''32 Scientia politicalis''' || || '''21'''|| |- | 320 Scientia politicalis || 5|| || |- | 321 Rationes civiles et civitates || 5|| || |- | 323 Iura civilia et publica || 2|| || |- | 324 Ratio civilis || 3|| || |- | 325 Migratio et colonizatio inter civitates || 1 || || |- | 327 Rationes inter civitates || 4 || || |- | 328 Ratio legislativa || 1 || || |- | '''33 Oeconomica''' || || '''5'''|| |- | 332 Oeconomica pecuniaria || 2|| || |- | 333 Oeconomica terrae et energiae || 2|| || |- | 337 Oeconomica internationalis || 1|| || |- | '''34 Lex''' || || '''3'''|| |- | 341 Lex civitatum || 3|| || |- | '''35 Administratio publica et scientia militaris''' || || '''4'''|| |- | 355 Scientia militaris || 1|| || |- | 356 Pedites et bellum || 2|| || |- | 359 Copiae navales et bellum || 1|| || |- | '''36 Quaestiones et officia societatis''' || || '''3'''|| |- | 361 Quaestiones societatis et salutis publica || 2|| || |- | 362 Quaestiones salutis publicae et officia societatis || 1|| || |- | '''37 Educatio''' || || '''2'''|| |- | 370 Educatio || 2|| || |- | '''38 Commercium, communicatio, et transportatio''' || || '''2''' || |- | 380 Commercium, communicatio, et transportatio || 1|| || |- | 387 Transportatio in aqua, aere, spatio || 1|| || |- | '''39 Mores, usus, res folcloricae''' || || '''20'''|| |- | 390 Mores, usus, res folcloricae || 5|| || |- | 391 Habitus et aspectus || 1|| || |- | 393 Mores mortis || 6|| || |- | 394 Mores communes || 3|| || |- | 398 Eruditio populi ("folklore") || 5|| || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''4 LINGUAE'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''24'''</font> |- | '''40 Lingua''' || || '''6'''|| |- | 404 Res propriae || 6|| || |- | '''41 Linguisticae''' || || '''10'''|| |- | 411 Systemata scribendi || 7|| || |- | 417 Dialectologia et linguistica historica || 2|| || |- | 418 Usus normativus et linguistica adhibita || 1|| || |- | '''47 Latina et linguae Italicae''' || || '''3'''|| |- | 470 Linguae Italicae || 2|| || |- | 471 Systemata scribendi et phonologia Latina || 1|| || |- | '''49 Linguae aliae''' || || '''6'''|| |- | 490 Linguae aliae || 2|| || |- | 491 Linguae Indo-Europaeae et Celticae || 1|| || |- | 499 Austronesiana et aliae linguae || 3|| || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''5 SCIENTIA'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''2145'''</font> |- | '''51 Mathematica''' || || '''14'''|| |- | 510 Mathematica || 10|| || |- | 511 Algebra || 1 || || |- | 516 Geometria || 3 || || |- | '''52 Astronomia''' || || '''21''' || |- | 520 Astronomia scientiaeque sociatae || 1 || || |- | 523 Specifica corpora caelestia et phaenomena || 16 || || |- | 529 Chronologia || 4 || || |- | '''53 Physica''' || || '''11''' || |- | 530 Physica || 1 || || |- | 537 Electricitas et res electronicae || 1 || || |- | 539 Physica hodierna || 9 || || |- | '''54 Chemia''' || || '''14''' || |- | 547 Chemia organica || 3 || || |- | 548 Crystallographia || 2 || || |- | 549 Mineralogia || 9 || || |- | '''55 Scientiae terrestriales et geologia''' || || '''20''' || |- | 551 Geologia, hydrologia, meteorologia || 16 || || |- | 552 Petrologia || 3 || || |- | 557 Scientie terrestres Americae Septentrionalis || 1 || || |- | '''56 Fossilia et vita praehistorica''' || || '''30''' || |- | 560 Palaeontologia, palaeozoologia || 26 || || |- | 566 Fossilia Chordata || 4 || || |- | '''57 Scientiae vitae; biologia''' || || '''66''' || |- | 570 Scientiae vitae; biologia || 25 || || |- | 575 Partes et systemata plantarum || 17 || || |- | 576 Genetica et evolutio || 2 || || |- | 577 Oecologia || 3 || || |- | 578 Historia naturalis organismorum || 1 || || |- | 579 Microorganismi || 18 || || |- | '''58 Botanice''' || || '''489''' || |- | 580 Plantae || 7 || || |- | 581 Res propriae in historia naturali || 2 || || |- | 583 Dicotyledones (Eudicotyledones + Magnoliidae) || 369 || || |- | —<small>Div.Lycopodiophyta :: '''1''' || || || |- | —<small>EUDICOTYLEDONES BASALES(+1) :: '''4''' || || || |- | ——<small>Ranunculales: 3 || || || |- | —<small>EUDICOTYLEDONES NUCLEARES :: '''23''' || || || |- | ——<small>Caryophyllales: 23 || || || |- | —<small>CLADUS ASTERIDAE(+1) :: '''17''' || || || |- | ——<small>Cornales : 1 || || || |- | ——<small>Ericales: 15 || || || |- | —<small>CLADUS EUASTERIDAE #1 :: '''87''' || || || |- | ——<small>Boraginaceae: 23 || || || |- | ——<small>Solanales: 1 || || || |- | ——<small>Gentianales: 36 || || || |- | ——<small>Lamiales: 27 || || || |- | —<small>CLADUS EUASTERIDAE #2 :: '''34''' || || || |- | ——<small>fam.sine-ord.Escalloniaceae : 1 || || || |- | ——<small>Apiales : 10 || || || |- | ——<small>Asterales : 16 || || || |- | ——<small>Campanulales : 7 || || || |- | —<small>SUPERROSIDAE :: '''9''' || || || |- | ——<small>Saxifragales : 9 || || || |- | —<small>ROSIDAE(+1) :: '''164''' || || || |- | ——<small>Zygophyllales: 1 || || || |- | ——<small>Malpighiales: 27 || || || |- | ——<small>Fabales: 58 || || || |- | ——<small>Rosales: 14 || || || |- | ——<small>Fagales: 2 || || || |- | ——<small>Myrtales: 10 || || || |- | ——<small>Sapindales: 30 || || || |- | ——<small>Brassicales: 1 || || || |- | ——<small>Malvales: 10 || || || |- | ——<small>Oxalidales: 10 || || || |- | —<small>CLADUS MAGNOLIIDAE :: '''30''' || || || |- | ——<small>Piperales: 13 || || || |- | ——<small>Laurales: 7 || || || |- | ——<small>Magnoliales: 10 || || || |- | 584 Monocotyledones || 86 || || <!--Make a Misc. here--> |- | ——<small>Alismatales: 3 || || || |- | ——<small>Asparagales: 25 || || || |- | ——<small>Liliales: 3 || || || |- | ——<small>Pandanales: 5 || || || |- | —<small>CLADUS COMMELINIDAE :: '''1''' || || || |- | ——<small>Arecales: 16 || || || |- | ——<small>Commelinales: 17 || || || |- | ——<small>Poales: 7 || || || |- | ——<small>Zingiberales: 9 || || || |- | 585 Gymnospermae || 6 || || |- | 587 Pteridophyta (divisio) || 16 || || |- | ——<small>Cyatheales: 14 || || || |- | ——<small>Polypodiales: 2 || || || |- | 589 Thallophyta et procaryota || 3 || || |- | '''59 Animalia (zoologia)''' || || '''1480''' || |- | 590 Animalia (zoologia) || 6 || || |- | 591 Res specificae in historia naturalis || 3 || || |- | 592 Invertebrata || 1 || || |- | 593 Protozoa, Echinodermata, et cognata || 40 || || |- | —<small>clad.Pelmatozoa :: '''1''' || || || |- | —<small>subphyl.Blastozoa :: '''1''' || || || |- | —<small>subphyl.Echinozoa :: '''1''' || || || |- | ——<small>class.Asteroidea: 35 || || || |- | ——<small>class.Ophiuroidea: 2 || || || |- | 594 phyl.Mollusca(+1) || 163 || || |- | —<small>594.1 class.Bivalvia :: '''120''' || || || |- | ——<small>subcl.Anomalosdesmata: 7 || || || |- | ——<small>subcl.Cryptodonta: 2 || || || |- | ——<small>subcl.Heterodonta: 21 || || || |- | ——<small>subcl.Pteriomorphia(+1): 90 || || || |- | ———<small>ord.Arcoide (5) || || || |- | ———<small>ord.Limoida (14) || || || |- | ———<small>ord.Mytiloida (11) || || || |- | ———<small>ord.Ostreoida(+1) (43) || || || |- | ————<small>subord.Ostreina [1] || || || |- | ————<small>subord.Pectinina [41] || || || |- | ———<small>ord.Pterioida (16) || || || |- | —<small>594.3 class.Gastropoda :: '''41''' || || || |- | —<small>594.5 class.Cephalopoda :: '''2''' || || || |- | 595 Articulata || 1013 || || |- | —<small>595.1 Vermes :: '''1''' || || || |- | —<small>595.2 phyl.Arthropoda :: '''5''' || || || |- | —<small>595.3 subphyl.Crustacea(+1) :: '''66''' || || || |- | ——<small>595.36 cl.Malacostraca: 62 || || || |- | ———<small>subcl.Eumalacostraca(+1) (60) || || || |- | ————<small>superord.Peracarida [1] || || || |- | ————<small>ord.Euphausiacea [1] // ord.Decapoda [26] || || || |- | ————<small>ord.Potamoidea [30] || || || |- | ————<small>infraord.Thalassinidea [1] || || || |- | ———<small>subcl.Hoplocarida (2) || || || |- | ——<small>595.38 Thoracostraca: 3 || || || |- | —<small>595.4 subphyl./clas.Chelicerata :: '''7''' || || || |- | —<small>595.6 subphyl.Myriapoda / Chilopoda :: '''3''' || || || |- | —<small>595.x superord.Dictyoptera :: '''7''' || || || |- | —<small>595.7 subphyl.Hexapoda (Insecta) :: '''924''' || || || |- | ——<small>''Miscellanea'': 9 || || || |- | ——<small>595.7x subcl.Pterygota: 1 || || || |- | ——<small>595.71 ord.Thysanura: 4 || || || |- | ——<small>595.72 ord.Orthoptera: 3 || || || |- | ——<small>595.73 superord.Exopterygota (Hemimetabola): 2 || || || |- | ——<small>595.75 ord.Hemiptera: 10 || || || |- | ——<small>595.76 ord.Coleoptera: 83 || || || |- | ———<small>''Miscellanea'' (3) || || || |- | ———<small>subord.Adephaga (11) || || || |- | ———<small>subord.Polyphaga (69) || || || |- | ————<small>infraord.Bostrichiformia [11] || || || |- | ————<small>infraord.Cucujiformia [28] || || || |- | ————<small>infraord.Elateriformia [21] || || || |- | ————<small>infraord.Scarabaeiformia [5] || || || |- | ————<small>infraord.Staphyliniformia [4] || || || |- | ——<small>595.77 ord.Diptera: 4 || || || |- | ——<small>595.78 ord.Lepidoptera [Pro singulis lepidopterorum, vide infra]: 779 || || || |- | ——<small>595.79 ord.Hymenoptera: 29 || || || |- | ———<small>''Miscellanea'' (7) || || || |- | ———<small>subord.Apocrita (22) || || || |- | 596 Chordata || 21 || || |- | —<small>596.x :: '''11''' || || || |- | —<small>596.x Tetrapoda :: '''10''' || || || |- | ——<small>Amphibia: 8 || || || |- | ——<small>Sauropsida: 2 || || || |- | 597 Vertebrata sanguine frigido habentia || 152 || ||<!--WAS 156--> |- | —<small>597.3 Chondrichthyes :: '''2''' || || || |- | —<small>597.5 Teleostei :: '''147''' || || ||<!--WAS 148--> |- | —<small>superord.Elopomorpha :: '''21''' || || || |- |—<small>superord.Ostariophysi :: '''4''' || || || |- | —<small>superord.Paracanthopterygii :: '''3''' || || || |- | —<small>superord.Acanthopterygii :: '''117''' || || || |- | —<small>superord.Protacanthopterygii :: '''2''' || || || |- | —<small>597.8 Anura :: '''3''' || || || |- | 598 Sauria (Reptilia, Aves) || 64 || ||<!--WAS 61--> |- | —<small>598.1 Reptilia :: '''26''' || || || |- | —<small>598.2 Aves(+2) :: '''38''' || || || |- | ——<small>Anseriformes: 1 // Columbiformes: 3 // †Confuciusornithiformes: 1 || || || |- | ——<small>Coraciiformes: 1 // Galliformes: 1 // Gruiformes: 3 || || || |- | ——<small>Passeriformes: 20 // Piciformes: 1 // Procellariiformes: 1 || || || |- | ——<small>Psittaciformes: 1 // Sphenisciformes: 1 // Strigiformes: 2 || || || |- | 599 Mammalia || 16 || || |- | —<small>Lagomorpha :: '''1''' // Artiodactyla :: '''4''' // Chiroptera :: '''2''' || || || |- | —<small>Cetacea :: '''2''' // Carnivora :: '''6''' // Rodentia :: '''1''' || || || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''6 TECHNOLOGIA & SCIENTIA ADHIBITA</font> || || || <font color="green">'''30'''</font> |- | '''60 Technologia''' || || 7 || |- | 601 Philosophia et theoria || 6 || || |- | 608 Inventiones et diplomata : || 1 || || |- | '''61 Medicina et salus''' || || '''13''' || |- | 613 Salus propria || 1 || || |- | 615 Pharmacologia et therapeutica || 2 || || |- | 616 Morbi || 9 || || |- | 617 Chirurgia et res coniunctae || 1 || || |- | '''62 Ingeniaria''' || || '''3''' || |- | 621 Physica adhibita || 2 || || |- | 623 Ars ingeniaria militaris et maritima : 1 || || || |- | '''64 Cura domus et familiae''' || || '''4''' || |- | 641 Cibus et potio || 4 || || |- | '''66 Ars ingeniaria chemica''' // 661 Chemicae industriae || 1 || '''1''' || |- | '''67 Fabrica''' // 670 Fabrica || 1 ||'''1''' || |- | '''68 Fabrica ad usus proprios''' // 681 Artes librariae || 1 || '''1''' || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''7 ARTES & OBLECTAMENTA'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''131'''</font> |- | '''70 Artes''' || || '''2''' || |- | 701 Philosophia artium finium et decorativarum || 1 || || |- | 706 Organizationes et administrationes || 1 || || |- | '''72 Architectura''' || || '''9''' || |- | 720 Architectura || 3 || || |- | 722 Architectura ad 300 || 3 || || |- | 728 Aedificia habitationis et cognata || 3 || || |- | '''73 Sculptura, ceramica, metallis opus''' || || '''3''' || |- | 733 Sculptura Graeca, Etrusca, Romana || 1 || || |- | 737 Numismatica et sigillographia || 2 || || |- | '''74 Pictura et artes ornatae''' // 741 Picturae || 1 || '''1''' || |- | '''75 Pictura''' || || '''4''' || |- | 759 Historia, geographia, homines || 4 || || |- | '''76 Artes graphicae; fabrica impressionum et impressiones''' || || '''1''' || |- | 769 Impressiones || 1 || || |- | '''77 Photographia et artes computatrales''' || || '''6''' || |- | 770 Photographia, photographemata, et artes computatrales || 6 || || |- | '''78 Musica''' || || '''44''' || |- | 780 Musica || 21 || || |- | 781 Principales generales et formae musicales || 11 || || |- | 782 Musica vocalis || 9 || || |- | 783 Musica pro vocibus singulis; vox || 1 || || |- | 784 Instrumenta et greges instrumentales || 2 || || |- | '''79 Ludi, oblectamenta''' || || '''63''' || |- | 791 Exsecutiones publicae, pelliculae, televisio || 10 || || |- | 792 Oblectamenta scaenica || 2 || || |- | 793 Ludi et oblectamenta intus || 1 || || |- | 794 Artes sollertiae intus || 1 || || |- | 796 Artes athleticae exteri || 46 || || |- | ——<small>''Miscellanea'': 2 || || || |- | ——<small>796.3 Ludi pilarum: 3 // 796.6 Birotatio et birotarii: 37 || || || |- | ——<small>796.7 Vehicula motorica: 1 // 796.8 Ludi pugnacitatis: 1 || || || |- | 797 Ludi aquatici et aeriales || 3 || || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''8 LITTERAE'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''37'''</font> |- |- | '''80 Litterae, rhetorica, criticismus''' || || '''4''' || |- | 800 Litterae, rhetorica || 3 || || |- | 809 Historia, descriptio, iudicium || 1 || || |- | '''81 Litterae Americanae Anglice''' || || '''9''' || |- | 810 Litterae Americanae Anglice scriptae || 6 || || |- | 811 Poesis Americana Anglice scripta || 2 || || |- | 814 Commentarii Americani Anglice scripti || 1 || || |- | '''82 Litterae Anglicae et Anglicae Vetustae''' || || '''5''' || |- | 820 Litterae Anglicae et Anglicae Vetustae || 1 || || |- | 821 Poesis Anglica || 3 || || |- | 823 Fictio Anglica || 1 || || |- | '''83 Litterae linguarum Germanicarum''' || || '''8''' || |- | 831 Poemata Theodisca || 2 || || |- | 836 Litterae Theodiscae || 6 || || |- | '''84 Litterae Francicae''' || || '''2''' || |- | 848 Litterae Francicae variae || 2 || || |- | '''85 Litterae Italicae, Romanianae, et cognatae''' || || '''1''' || |- | 858 Scripturae miscellaneae Italicae || 1 || || |- | '''87 Litterae Italicae et Latinae''' || || '''4''' || |- | 870 Litterae Italicae et Latinae || 1 || || |- | 871 Poesia Latina || 2 || || |- | 872 Latina poesia dramatica et drama || 1 || || |- | '''89 Litterae aliae''' || || '''5''' || |- | 891 Litterae Indo-Europaeae Orientales et Celticae || 1 || || |- | 892 Litterae Afro-Asiaticae, litterae Semiticae || 2 || || |- | 895 Litterae Asiae Orientalis et Meridio-Orientalis || 1 || || |- | 899 Litterae Austronesiae et aliae || 1 || || |- | |- | <font color="green">'''9 HISTORIA, GEOGRAPHIA, BIOGRAPHIA'''</font> || || || <font color="green">'''321'''</font> |- | '''90 Historia et geographia''' || || '''3''' || |- | 900 Historia et geographia || 3 || || |- | '''91 Geographia et peregrinatio''' || || '''18''' || |- | 910 Geographia et peregrinatio || 6 || || |- | 914 Geographia et peregrinatio in Europa || 2 || || |- | 915 Geographia et peregrinatio in Asia || 6 || || |- | 916 Geographia et peregrinatio in Africa || 3 || || |- | 917 Geographia et peregrinatio in America Septentrionali || 1 || || |- | '''93 Historia mundi antiqui''' || || '''6''' || |- | 931 Sina ad 420 || 5 || || |- | 936 Europa ad septentriones et occidentem Italiae ad ca. 499 || 1 || || |- | '''94 Historia Europae''' || || '''18''' || |- | 940 Historia Europae || 2 || || |- | 941 Insulae Britannicae || 5 || || |- | 942 Anglia et Cambria || 2 || || |- | 943 Media Europa, Germania || 1 || || |- | 944 Francia et Monacum || 1 || || |- | 946 Paeninsula Iberica et insulae adiacentes || 2 || || |- | 947 Europa Orientalis; Russia || 3 || || |- | 948 Scandinavia || 1 || || |- | 949 Historia aliarum Europae partium || 1 || || |- | '''95 Historia Asiae''' || || '''36''' || |- | 951 Sina et regiones proximae || 16 || || |- | 952 Iaponia || 2 || || |- | 953 Paeninsula Arabica et regiones contiguae || 1 || || |- | 954 Asia meridiana, India || 9 || || |- | 956 Asia Occidentalis (Medius Oriens) || 5 || || |- | 959 Asia Meridio-Orientalis || 3 || || |- | '''96 Historia Africae''' || || '''5''' || |- | 960 Historia Africae || 4 || || |- | 968 Africa Australis || 1 || || |- | '''97 Historia Americae Septentrionalis''' || || '''98''' || |- | 970 Historia Americae Septentrionalis || 5 || || |- | 972 Media America, Mexicum, Cuba || 1 || || |- | 973 Civitates Foederatae Americae || 47 || || |- | —<small>''Miscellanea'' :: '''20''' || || || |- | —<small>973.7 Bellum Civile Americanum :: '''27''' || || || |- | 974 Civitates Foederatae Americae Boreo-Orientales || 13 || || |- | 975 Civitates Foederatae Americae Meridianae Orientalesque || 20 || || |- | 976 Civitates Foederatae Americae Meridianae et Mediae || 3 || || |- | 978 Civitates Foederatae Americae Occidentales || 8 || || |- | 979 Civitates Foederatae Americae Pacificae || 1 || || |- | '''98 Historia Americae Australis''' // 983 Tsilia || 1 || '''1''' || |- | '''99 Historia regionum aliarum''' || || '''136''' || |- | 994 Australia || 7 || || |- | 995 Melanesia, Nova Guinea || 9 || || |- | 996 Polynesia || 116 || || |- | —<small>''Miscellanea'' :: '''4''' || || || |- | —<small>996.1 (Polynesia Occidentalis) :: '''67''' || || || |- | ——<small>996.11 Viti (1) || || || |- | ——<small>996.12 Tonga (6) || || || |- | ——<small>996.13 Samoa Americana (5) || || || |- | ——<small>996.14 Samoa (41) || || || |- | ———<small>''Miscellanea'' [4] // Homines [7] || || || |- | ———<small>Insulae et freta [6] // Loci Savaiiorum [11] || || || |- | ———<small>Loci Upolus [10] // Mythologia [3] || || || |- | ——<small>996.1x Niue (2) // 996.1x Tokelau (10) // 996.1x Uvea (2) || || || |- | —<small>996.2 Insulae Societatis, Australes, Cook :: '''8''' || || || |- | —<small>996.5 Micronesia :: '''6''' || || || |- | —<small>996.9 Havaii :: '''16''' || || || |- | —<small>996.x Polynesia Occidentalis :: '''16''' || || || |- | 997 Insulae remotae || 1 || || |- | 998 Arctica et Antarctica || 3 || || |}<!-- <font color="purple">'''SVMMARIVM LEPIDOPTERORVM'''</font> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |- | <font color="green">'''595.78 LEPIDOPTERA'''</font> || || || || <font color="green">'''779'''</font> |- | ¶ ''Miscellanea'' || || || '''6''' || |- | ¶ '''subordo Glossata''' || || || '''1''' || |- | ¶ '''infraordo Dacnonypha''' || || || '''1''' || |- | ¶ '''infraordo Exoporia''' || || || '''10''' || |- | ''Miscellanea'' || || 1 || || |- | superf.Hepialoidea || || 9 || || |- | ''Miscellanea'' || 1 || || || |- | Anomosetidae || 1 || || || |- | Hepialidae || 4 || || || |- | Neotheoridae || 1 || || || |- | Palaeosetidae ||1 || || || |- | Prototheoridae || 1 || || || |- | ¶ '''infraordo Lophocoronina''' || || || '''1''' || |- | ¶ '''infraordo Heteroneura''' || || || '''746''' || |- | '''divisio~sous-ordre Ditrysia''' || || '''1''' || || |- | '''superf.Incurvarioidea''' || || '''2''' || || |- | Adelidae || 1 || || || |- | Prodoxidae || 1 || || || |- | '''superf.Yponomeutoidea''' || || '''10''' || || |- | '''superf.Gelechioidea''' || || '''3''' || || |- | Elachistidae || 1 || || || |- | Gelechiidae || 1 || || || |- | Oecophoridae || 1 || || || |- | '''sectio Cossina''' || || '''1''' || || |- | '''superf.Mimallonoidea''' || || '''1''' || || |- | '''superf.Pyraloidea''' || || '''11''' || || |- |''' superf.Zygaenoidea''' || || '''39''' || || |- | ''Miscellanea'' || 2 || || || |- | Anomoeotidae || 6 || || || |- | Lacturidae || 8 || || || |- | Megalopygidae || 3 || || || |- | Zygaenidae || 20 || || || |- | '''superf.Geometroidea''' || || '''14''' || || |- | ''Miscellanea'' || 1 || || || |- | Geometridae || 13 || || || |- | —<small>subf.Ennominae: 11 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Geometrinae: 2 || || || || |- | '''superf.Tortricoidea''' || || '''38''' || || |- | ''Miscellanea'' || 3 || || || |- | Psychidae || 1 || || || |- | Tortricidae || 33 || || || |- | —<small>''Miscellanea'': 2 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Olethreutinae: 4 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Tortricinae: 27 || || || || |- | Uraniidae || 1 || || || |- | '''superf.Hesperioidea = Hesperiidae''' || || '''29''' || || |- | —<small>subf.Eudaminae: 9 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Hesperiinae: 11 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Pyrginae: 9 || || || || |- | '''superf.Papilionoidea''' || || '''443''' || || |- | ''Miscellanea'' || 1 || || || |- | Lycaenidae || 142 || || || |- | —<small>''Miscellanea'': 15 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Liphyrinae: 1 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Lycaeninae: 7 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Miletinae: 4 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Polyommatinae: 14 || || || || |- | <small>subf.Poritiinae: 13 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Pyrginae: 1 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Theclinae: 87 || || || || |- | Nymphalidae || 192 || || || |- | —<small>subf.Biblidinae: 9 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Charaxinae: 1 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Danainae: 40 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Heliconiinae: 18 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Morphinae: 14 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Nymphalinae: 25 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Satyrinae: 85 || || || || |- | Papilionidae || 24 || || || |- | Pieridae || 83 || || || |- | —<small>subf.Dismorphiinae: 7 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Coliadinae: 51 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Nemeobiinae: 4 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Pierinae: 21 || || || || |- | Riodinidae || 1 || || || |- | '''superf.Bombycoidea''' || || '''31''' || || |- | Bombycidae || 7 || || || |- | Endromidae || 2 || || || |- | Eupterotidae || 6 || || || |- | Lemoniidae || 1 || || || |- | Saturniidae || 13 || || || |- | Sphingidae || 2 || || || |- | '''superf.Cimelioidea''' || || '''1''' || || |- | '''superf.Noctuoidea''' || || '''122''' || || |- | ''Miscellanea'' || 1 || || || |- | Lymantriidae || 1 || || || |- | Noctuidae || 105 || || || |- | —<small>subf.Acronictinae: 13 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Calpinae: 6 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Catocalinae: 52 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Cuculliinae: 1 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Hadeninae: 22 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Noctuinae: 8 || || || || |- | —<small>subf.Plusiinae: 3 || || || || |- | Nolidae || 1 || || || |- | Oenosandridae || 14 || || || |- | ¶ '''subordo Zeugloptera''' || || || '''14''' || |}--> kf0k75c2xb09mjy8npqoxmabh5quz3e 0 24489 3700014 3274847 2022-08-27T13:31:16Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Adamus Nádasdy''' ([[Lingua Hungarica|Hungarice]]: ''[[:hu:Nádasdy Ádám|Nádasdy Ádám]]'', natus die [[15 Februarii]] [[1947]] [[Aquincum|Aquinci]]) est [[linguista]], [[poeta]] et [[interpretatio|traductor]] [[drama]]tum [[Hungaria|Hungaricus]]. Professor [[Universitas Budapestinensis de Rolando Eötvös Nominata|Universitatis Budapestinensis de Rolando Eötvös nominatae]], Institutis Studiorum Anglicarum et Americanisticarum est, docet [[phonologia]]m, [[morphophonologia]]m et [[linguistica]]m historicam. Unus linguistarum hungaricorum notissimorum est, poetaque comtemporarius notus est. Plures dramae scriptoris Anglici [[Gulielmus Shakespeare|Gulielmi Shakespeare]] in [[lingua Hungarica|linguam Hungaricam]] traduxit. == Bibliographia == * Márta Minier, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20051016202622/http://www.insitegrafx.hu/theanachronist/html/2002/minier.html “I’m a Tradesman…”: An interview with Ádám Nádasdy]" in ''Holmi'' (2002?) == Nexus externi == * [http://seas3.elte.hu/cgi-bin/profile.pl?name=NadasdyAdam Biographica pauca] apud Universitatem Budapestinam {{DEFAULTSORT:Nadasdy, Adamus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1947]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Linguistae]] [[Categoria:Poetae Hungariae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Hungariae]] dc7v7hbz3g4xlveklvebt0xk8bao18w 0 26255 3700110 3470139 2022-08-27T19:53:15Z ArtfulSinger95 158856 initium wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Exoplanet Discovery Methods Bar.png|thumb|450px|Methodi exoplanetarum reperiendorum.]] '''Planeta extrasolaris'''<ref>Talis locutio in multis [[lingua|linguis]] invenitur: confer Catalane ''planeta extrasolar'', Anglice ''Extrasolar planet''.</ref> vel '''exoplaneta'''<ref>Ita Bohemice, Vasconice necnon Lusitane; haud dissimiliter in aliis linguis hodiernis.</ref> est [[planeta]] qui ultra [[Systema Solare|Systematis Solaris]] limites motat.<ref name="Encyclopaedia">{{cite web |last1=Schneider |first1=Jean |date=10 Septembris 2011 |title=Interactive Extra-Solar Planets Catalog |url=http://exoplanet.eu/catalog.php |work=[[The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia]] |accessdate=10 Septembris 2011}}</ref> Permultis [[stellae|stellis]] planetae circumire censentur, inter quas fortasse sunt dimidium omnium stellarum [[Sol]]is similium.<ref name=harps2011>[http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.2497 The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXIV. Occurrence, mass distribution and orbital properties of super-Earths and Neptune-mass planets], M. Mayor, M. Marmier, C. Lovis, S. Udry, D. Ségransan, F. Pepe, W. Benz, J.-L. Bertaux, F. Bouchy, X. Dumusque, G. Lo Curto, C. Mordasini, D. Queloz, N. C. Santos (September 2011).</ref> Secundum [[statistica]]m anni [[2012]] investigationem, quaeque ex circa 100 billionibus stellarum in [[galaxias|galaxia]] nostro seu [[Via Lactea]] "in medio . . . saltem 1.6 planetas" habere fertur.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |title=160 Billion Alien Planets May Exist in Our Milky WayGalaxy |url=http://www.space.com/14200-160-billion-alien-planets-milky-galaxy.html |date=11 January 2012 |publisher=[[Space.com]] |accessdate=2012-01-11 }}</ref><ref name="Nature-20120111">{{cite journal |author=Cassan, A. et al. |title=One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v481/n7380/full/nature10684.html |doi=10.1038/nature10684 |date=11 Ianuarii 2012 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=481 |pages=167–169 |accessdate=11 Ianuarii 2012 |bibcode = 2012Natur.481..167C }}</ref> Non minus ergo quam 160 billiones planetarum stellis circumeuntium in sola Via Lactea exsistere possunt.<ref name="Nature-20120111" /> [[Planemo]]num (seu corporum massam planetariam habentium) libere in Via Lactea fluitantium fortasse exstant trilliones, sive videlicet corporum [[Pluto (planeta)|Plutone]] maiorum 100&thinsp;000 pro omni [[stella sequentiae principalis]].<!--for every main-sequence star--><ref>[http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.2687 Nomads of the Galaxy], Louis E. Strigari, Matteo Barnabe, Philip J. Marshall, Roger D. Blandford.</ref> == Passus primi == Iam diu homo interrogat soline sit in universo. Qui est alius modus quaerendi, sintne alii planetae in quibus crescant aliae formae vitae. [[Christianus Hugenius]] erat primus astronomus cui erat notio utendorum instrumentorum observationis ut tales planetae detegerentur. [[saeculum 20|Saeculo vicensimo]] [[telescopium|telescopiis]] melioribus novae artes inventae: inventio ex onere parta ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: ''charge-coupled device'' sive ''CCD''), cura imaginum, [[Hubble (telescopium)|spatii telescopum Hubble]], res omnes quae stellarum motus optime metiantur. Ob eam causam multi [[astronomus|astronomi]] planetas extrasolares detegi posse putant. Annis 1980 et annis 1990 incipientibus pauci nuntii planetae inventi facti sunt, qui quidem multitudine nuntiorum aliorum resumpti; dehinc verificatis rebus (per menses vel annos) illi nuntii inveterati sunt (ut mos est hominum doctorum). Communio hominum doctorum spem amisit nonnullique iam concludebant [[systema solare]] esse unum in universo. Denique anno 1995 revera primus planeta exter est repertus. == Primi planetae extrasolares reperti == [[Fasciculus:Osirisplanet.jpg|thumb|Pictura imaginata quae monstret exhalationem planetae [[HD 209458 b]] ("Osiris" interdum nuncupati)<br />''fontes: [[NASA]]/[[ESA]]/[[Centre national de la recherche scientifique|CNRS]]'']] Primus planeta extrasolaris repertus nuntiatus est die 6 Octobris 1995 a Michaele Mayor et Didier Queloz (ex observatorio [[Genava]]e) sito, secundum observata quae facta sunt in observatorio Superioris Provinciae quaeque ad velocitatem radialem stellarum pertinebant. Qui planeta dimidio minor [[Iuppiter (planeta)|Iove stella]] orbitam tantum 4,2 dierum habens astro ita est prope ut (sicut alii huiusmodi planetae) ''Iuppiter calidus'' vocatur et appellationem [[51 Pegasi b]] habet (sed interdum "Bellerophon" nuncupatur): astrum enim est [[51 Pegasi]], in constellatione [[Pegasus (constellatio)|Pegasi]] visum, 40 [[spatium lucis annuae|spatia lucis annuae]] a [[Tellus (planeta)|Tellure]] remota. Ex illo tempore plus quam ducenti planetae inventi sunt, quorum multi a grege qui a {{Creanda|en|Geoffrey Marcy|Galfridus Marcy|Galfrido Marcy}} ex Universitate Californiae in Berkeleia sita ducebatur reperti sunt. Plus quam dimidium autem reperti sunt in Universitate [[Genava|Genevae]] sita a gregibus internationalibus. Primum systema ubi detecti sunt plures planetae erat [[Upsilon Andromedae]] in constellatione [[Andromeda (constellatio)|Andromedae]]. Alter fuit [[55 Cancri|55]] [[Cancer (constellatio)|Cancri]]. Quod est maximum systema planetarum quod adhuc notum est (praeter nostrum), nam saltem quattuor planetas continet. Maior pars planetarum nunc repertorum [[gigas gasosus|gigantes gasosi]], aliqui quidem [[pumilio fusca|pumiliones fuscae]] sunt. Praecipue detecti sunt gigantes circum stellis proximis propter observationis modum. Alii sunt Ioves excentricii, saepe maiores [[Iuppiter (planeta)|Iove]] planeta, orbitis maioris [[Excentricitas|excentricitatis]] adfecti. Etiam planetae [[Neptunus (planeta)|Neptuni]] [[magnitudo|magnitudinis]] iam inventi sunt, exempli causa illi duo planetae stellam [[Gliese 876]] vocatam revolventes. Multo facilius est reperire planetam massae maximae rapide stellam circumeuntem propter velocitatem radialem. Planetae minoris magnitudinis nondum inveniri poterant, cum methodus investigandi solum maiores indicet: Observantur vacillationes stellae ex quibus massae atque orbitae planetarum circum eam revolventium ratiocinantur. Namque imagines planetarum exterorum capere nondum possumus. In priore spatio semestri 2005 disputatio per mundum astronomorum acta est. Greges ex NASA (Agentia spatii [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]]) et ex ESO nuntiavere telescopos VLT et Spitzer planetas exteros repperisse. Tandem Europa obtinuisse primas imagines directas planetarum extrasolarium videbatur. Singillatim pumilionem fuscam [[2MASSW J1207334-393254|2M1207]] et stellam [[GQ Lupi]] circumeunt. Hoc dicto comitem GQ Lupi pumilionem fuscam esse putatur. ==Inventa== Die 1 Augusti 2022 numerantur<ref>http://exoplanet.eu/catalog.php</ref>: * 5125 planetae extrasolares in * 3794 systematibus planetariis distributi (inter quae systemata 482 plures planetas habent) [[Fasciculus:444226main exoplanet20100414-a-full.jpg|thumb|[[Tres]] noti [[stella]]e [[HR8799]] [[planeta]]e, ex [[Telescopium Hale|Telescopio Hale]] visi. [[Lux]] mediae stellae (locus ''star'' Anglice designatus) a [[coronagraphia vorticis vectoralis|coronagrammate vorticis vectoralis]]<!--vector vortex coronagraph--> celatur.]] [[Fasciculus:Brown dwarf 2M J044144 and planet.jpg|thumb|[[2MASS J04414489+2301513|2M J044144]] est [[nanus fuscus]] cui est comes circa quinquies-decies [[massa]]e [[Iuppiter (planeta)|Iovis]].<!-- It is not clear whether this companion object is a [[sub-brown dwarf]] or a planet.-->]] [[Fasciculus:The Star AB Pictoris and its Companion - Phot-14d-05-normal.jpg|thumb|Imago [[coronagraphia|coronographica]] stellae [[AB Pictoris]] comitem (laeva et ima parte) monstrat, qui est vel nanus fuscus vel planeta massivus.<!-- The data were obtained on 16 March 2003 with [[Very Large Telescope#Instruments|NACO]] on the [[Very Large Telescope|VLT]], using a 1.4 arcsec occulting mask on top of AB Pictoris.-->]] ==Planetae exteri noti== * Die [[27 Novembris]] [[2001]] detegitur primus gigas gasosus, [[HD 209458 b]] ("Osiris" interdum nuncupatus), [[oxygenium]] et [[carbonium]] in atmosphaera sua continens. Cum sit planeta proximus soli eius, videt atmosphaeram exspirari vento stellae. Quae impullere peritos classem novam exoplanetarum animo fingere, quam appellant [[planeta Chthonius|planetas Chthonios]], qui sunt reliquiae rupium gigantium gasosorum quorum atmosphaera exspirata est stella eorum. * Die [[25 Augusti]] [[2004]], planeta, [[Mu Arae c]] vel "Venus Mu Arae", gravis 14 massas terrestres repertus est. Quae massa est infra limitem theoricum 15 massarum terrestrium ubi licet invenire planetam telluricum. Periti enim quaerunt num sit maximus planeta e rupibus, primus ergo huius generis repertus, an minimus gigas gasosus. * Anno [[2005]], semel, astronomi discrevere lumen emissum directe duobus planetis, quamquam lucent maxime stellae proximae. Hactenus, indirecte erant reperti, inspiciendo perturbationes adhibitae planetis in stellas eorum vel metiendo lumen deminutum per obscurationem. Hac vice, duo greges observantes planetas varios exoplanetas repererunt simul. Sed cum duo greges usi essent telescopo spatii infrarubro " Spitzer" Civitatium Foederatarum, NASA statuit casu frui ut ambo simul nuntiati essent. Interest notare ambos exoplanetas observatos detectos esse prius velocitatis radialis artis gratia. * Die [[14 Iulii]] [[2005]], astrophysicus {{Creanda|en|Maciej Konacki|Matthaeus Konacki}} [[Institutum Technologiae Californiense|Instituti Technologiae Californiae]] in libello periodico ''[[Nature]]'' reperire exoplanetam ([[HD 188753]] Ab) proclamavit in systemate trium stellarum quae inveniuntur longae 149 spatia lucis annuae a Terra. [[Havaii]] telescopii Keck I gratia, potuit hunc planetam invenire cuius revolutio circum stellam eius fit in minus quam quattuor diebus. Exempla hodierna formationis planetarum non explicant quomodo talis planeta oriatur in spatio ambienti tam incerto quod attinet ad [[gravitatio]]nem. Hic planeta "planeta Tatooinus" ab inventore cognominatur in laudem planetae fictici eiusdem [[nomen proprium|nominis]] in [[pellicula]] de ''[[Star Wars|Bellis Stellarum]].'' Astronomi posteriores, qui eum planetam rursus reperire conati sunt, jusque hodie non potuerunt. * Die [[26 Ianuarii]] [[2006]], tres collaborationes usantes effectum lentium microgravitationalium ducti per "Probans lentium anomalia retem" (vulgo ''Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork'' vel ''PLANET'') aperiant planetam [[OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb]] quae videtur prima exoplaneta tellurica nota. Haec planeta sita est longius 22 milia spatiorum lucis annuae a terra. Eius massa valet circa quinquies pro Terra; temperatura est parva -220&nbsp;°C gradus (53 K), quod sinit supponere planetam solidam esse. * Die [[17 Maii]] [[2006]], grex inventorum planetarum (cuius est particeps Michaelis Maior) nuntiat reperisse, spectrographi Harps gratia, tres planetas Neptunianos circumeuntes sidus generis solaris [[HD 69830]]. Massae sunt pro se quisque decies, duodecies, duodevicies (10, 12,18) superiores massae Terrae (quod est debile, Iove centies septemdecies (117) valenti massam Terrae). Hoc systema putatur possidere asteroidum cingulum longum 1 [[Unitas astronomica|ua]] a stella. * Raius Iaiavardhana et Valentinus Ivanov repererunt, Nova technologia telescopio longo 3,5 m observatorii La Silla in observatorio Europeano australi (ESO), [[Oph 162225-240515]], systema duplex duorum planetarum se circumeuntium et in spatio libere navigantium . * Die [[18 Septembris]] [[2006]], grex astronomorum [[Institutum Smithsonianum|Smithsoniani]] nuntiat probabilem inventionem novi generis planetae: cum [[radius (geometria)|radio]] aequo 1.38 vices Iovi sed cuius pondus ne quidem est dimidium massae, est exoplaneta levissimus quem umquam invenere! Est densitate inferiore suberi: fluctuet commode si sit vas maius quam ut contineatur. Res nominatur [[ADS 16402|HAT-P-1]]. Stella est sidus praecipuum systematis duplicis, longum 450 spatia lucis annuae a Terra in constellatione [[Lacerta (constellatio)|Lacerta]] et notum nomine poetico [[ADS 16402]]. Ambae stellae similes sunt soli sed iuniores, natae circa 3,6 mille milia milia annis post solem. * Die [[5 Octobris]] [[2006]], Kailashus Sahu, Baltimori Instituti Scientiae telescopi spatii (vulgo ''Space Telescope Science Institute'') collegaeque Civitatum Foederatarum, Chiliani, Sueci, Itali, putantur reperisse, telescopo spatii Hubble, quinque exoplanetas novi generis appellatos "Planetas Periodo Revolutionis Brevissimo" vel Anglice ''USPP'' , ''Ultra-Short-Period Planet'' quia circumeunt sidus minus quam intra diem terrestrem (Velocissima revolvitur intra 0.4 diem, minus quam decem horae). Res videntur planetae gasi gigantes debili densitate similes Iovi, circumeuntes stellas minores quam Sol. ==Modi inveniendi== Invenire exoplanetam indirecte non est res facilis, variis rationibus: * Planeta [[lux|lucem]] non edit: solum lumen refert quod excipit e stella, quod paucum est. * Stella distat a nobis multo magis quam stella distat a planeta suo: oportet potestatem separandi ergo instrumentorum altissimam esse ut distinguentur. Sic, soli modi detegendi qui valebant usque nuperrime appellantur modi "indirecti", nam non detegunt directe photona venientia a planeta. Sunt plures modi, praesentes et futuri ut reperiatur extrasolaris planeta. Plerique deteguntur ab observatoriis in solo. ==Notae== <references /> ==Bibliographia== * ''[http://www.iop.org/publications/iop/2010/page_42551.html Exoplanets – The search for planets beyond our solar system]''. Institute of Physics, [[2010]]. * Giada N. Arney, "[https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0651/meta The K Dwarf Advantage for Biosignatures on Directly Imaged Exoplanets]" in ''Astrophysical Journal Letters'' vol. 873 (6 Martii 2019) * R. P. Butler, "[http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/504701;jsessionid=A420BF41B7A906D69EDDB4C5C8FB27C5.ip-10-40-1-105 Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets]" in ''Astrophysical Journal'' vol. 646 (2006) * David R. Ciardi et al., "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.05665v1 Astro2020 Science White Paper: Toward Finding Earth 2.0: Masses and Orbits of Small Planets with Extreme Radial Velocity Precision]" (13 Martii 2019) apud ''arXiv.org'' * Chuanfei Dong, Zhenguang Huang, Manasvi Lingam, Gábor Tóth, Tamas Gombosi, Amitava Bhattacharjee, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.01219 The dehydration of water worlds via atmospheric losses]" (5 Septembris 2017) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Astrophysical Journal Letters'' *{{Cite journal|author=Artie P. Hatzes, Günther Wuchter |title=Astronomy: Giant planet seeks nursery place|journal=Nature |volume= 436|pages= 182–183|year=2005 |doi=10.1038/436182a|pmid=16015311|issue=7048|bibcode = 2005Natur.436..182H }} [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v436/n7048/full/436182a.html Situs venalis] * René Heller, Michael Hippke, Kai Rodenbeck, "[https://www.aanda.org/component/article?access=doi&doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201935600 Transit least-squares survey. II. Discovery and validation of 17 new sub- to super-Earth-sized planets in multi-planet systems from K2]" in ''Astronomy & Astrophysics'' (13 May 2019) * Danley C. Hsu, Eric B. Ford, Darin Ragozzine, Keir Ashby, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.01417 Occurrence Rates of Planets orbiting FGK Stars: Combining Kepler DR25, Gaia DR2 and Bayesian Inference]" (14 Augusti 2019) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Astronomical Journal'' vol. 158 * L. Kaltenegger, J.Pepper, K. Stassun, R. Oelkers, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.11539 TESS Habitable Zone Star Catalog]" (27 Martii 2019) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro '' Astrophysical Journal Letters'' vol. 874 no. L8 (2019) * Jonathan I. Lunine, Bruce Macintosh, Stanton Peale, "[http://ptonline.aip.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_62/iss_5/46_1.shtml?type=PTALERT The detection and characterization of exoplanets]" in ''Physics Today'' (Maii 2009) * Sarah R. N. McIntyre, Charles H. Lineweaver, Michael J. Ireland, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.03123 Planetary Magnetism as a Parameter in Exoplanet Habitability]" (7 Martii 2019) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society'' [https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2018/EPSC2018-989.pdfhttps://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2018/EPSC2018-989.pdf Epitome alibi reperta] * Sarah Millholland, Gregory Laughlin, "[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-019-0701-7 Obliquity-driven sculpting of exoplanetary systems]" in ''[[Nature]] Astronomy Letters'' (4 Martii 2019) * {{Cite journal|author=Mark R. Swain, Gautam Vasisht & Giovanna Tinetti |title=The presence of methane in the atmosphere of an extrasolar planet|journal=Nature |volume= 452|pages= 329–331|year=2008 |doi=10.1038/nature06823|pmid=18354477|issue=7185|bibcode = 2008Natur.452..329S }} [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v452/n7185/full/nature06823.html Situs venalis] * Tomoyuki Kudo et al., "[https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aaeb1c/meta A Spatially Resolved au-scale Inner Disk around DM Tau]" in ''Astrophysical Journal Letters'' vol. 868 (14 Novembris 2018) * Vincent Van Eylen, Simon Albrecht, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.02814 Eccentricity from transit photometry: small planets in Kepler multi-planet systems have low eccentricities]" (11 Maii 2015) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Astrophysical Journal'' {{NexInt}} * [[Satelles extrasolaris]] * [[Planeta extragalacticus]] * [[Zona habitabilis]] * [[Consortium N2K]] * [[Index planetarum extrasolarium]] * [[Krypton (planeta ficticius)|Krypton]] ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Exoplanets|exoplanetas}} ; Indices nexuum * ''[http://www.ucm.es/info/Astrof/recopilaciones/planetas_ext.html Planetas extrasolares]'' ;Encyclopaediae et indices * ''[http://exoplanet.eu The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia]'' - De planetis extrasolaribus * "[http://exoplanets.org/ Exoplanets Data Explorer]" apud ''University of California Planet Search Project'' * M. Mayor et alii, "[http://obswww.unige.ch/~udry/planet/planet.html The Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search Programmes]" * ''[http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog]'' apud ''Planetary Habitability Laboratory'' * ''[http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ NASA Exoplanet Archive]'' * ''[http://exoplanet.hanno-rein.de/ The Visual Exoplanet Catalogue]'' * [http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/exoplanet/id327702034?mt=8 Data exoplanetaria iPhone/iPod/iPad accommodata] * ''[http://www.planetary.org/exoplanets/ Catalog of Exoplanets]'' apud ''Planetary Society '' * ''[http://www.planetarybiology.com/exoexplorer_planets/ Complete List of Exoplanets]'' apud ''Planetary Biology'' * [http://media4.obspm.fr/exoplanets/ De exoplanetis] apud ''Observatoire de Paris'' * [http://jumk.de/astronomie/exoplanets/index.shtml List of important exoplanets] ; Atlantes * ''[http://planetquest1.jpl.nasa.gov/atlas/atlas_index.cfm PlanetQuest Atlas]'' apud [[NASA]] * [http://www.exosolar.net/ exosolar.net] Atlas stellarum et exoplanetarum ; Instituta exoplanetaria * [http://www.exoplanet.de/ Center for Exo-Planet Research Jena/Tautenburg] * [http://www.astro.uni-jena.de/ Astrophysical Institute & University Observatory Jena (AIU)] * ''[http://www.superwasp.org/ SuperWASP Wide Angle Search for Planets]'' Institutorum Britannicorum * ''[http://www.planetquest.org/ PlanetQuest]'' * ''[http://www.nsf.gov/mps/ast/exoptf.jsp ExoPlanet Task Force (ExoPTF)]'' apud ''National Science Foundation'' ; Varia et breviora * [http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/ PlanetQuest] apud [[NASA]] * "[https://www.nasa.gov/kepler/discoveries How many exoplanets has Kepler discovered?]" apud ''NASA'' * "[http://alum.mit.edu/pages/sliceofmit/2011/02/15/exoplanets/ 10 Things You May Not Know About ... Exoplanets]" apud ''Slice of MIT'' * "[http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1024/ Exoplanet Caught on the Move]" apud ''european Southern Observatory'' * "[http://exoplanets.org/index_gl.html 6–8 Earth-Mass Planet Discovered orbiting Gliese 876]" apud exoplanets.org * "[http://www.ece.vt.edu/swe/lwa/memo/lwa0013.pdf Radio Detection of Extrasolar Planets: Present and Future Prospects]" * [http://www.astronomycast.com/astronomy/ep-125-a-zoo-of-extrasolar-planets/ "Vivarium" planetarum extrasolarium] apud astronomycast.com * Natalie M. Batalha et al., "[http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.5852 Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler, III: Analysis of the First 16 Months of Data]" (Feb. 2012) * Laurence R. Doyle, "[http://www.space.com/searchforlife/090319-seti-planet-nomenclature.html Naming New Extrasolar Planets]" apud ''SPACE.com'' (19 Martii 2009) * D. Lafreniere, R. Jayawardhana, M. van Kerkwijk, "[http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap080919.html Companion of a Young, Sun-like Star]" apud [[NASA]] * "[http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Beyond Beyond Our Solar System]" apud ''[http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/ NASA's Solar System Exploration]'' * "[http://www.perseus.gr/Astro-Photometry.htm Differential Photometry]" apud ''Perseus'' * ''[https://www.centauri-dreams.org/ Centauri Dreams]'' [[Categoria:Exoplanetologia]] {{Myrias|Physica}} {{FA stella}} nje9coe5siiyktmxwnrtavst1dkqg4u 3700111 3700110 2022-08-27T19:53:59Z ArtfulSinger95 158856 Finis est! wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Exoplanet Discovery Methods Bar.png|thumb|450px|Methodi exoplanetarum reperiendorum.]] '''Planeta extrasolaris'''<ref>Talis locutio in multis [[lingua|linguis]] invenitur: confer Catalane ''planeta extrasolar'', Anglice ''Extrasolar planet''.</ref> vel '''exoplaneta'''<ref>Ita Bohemice, Vasconice necnon Lusitane; haud dissimiliter in aliis linguis hodiernis.</ref> est [[planeta]] qui ultra [[Systema Solare|Systematis Solaris]] limites motat.<ref name="Encyclopaedia">{{cite web |last1=Schneider |first1=Jean |date=10 Septembris 2011 |title=Interactive Extra-Solar Planets Catalog |url=http://exoplanet.eu/catalog.php |work=[[The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia]] |accessdate=10 Septembris 2011}}</ref> Permultis [[stellae|stellis]] planetae circumire censentur, inter quas fortasse sunt dimidium omnium stellarum [[Sol]]is similium.<ref name=harps2011>[http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.2497 The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXIV. Occurrence, mass distribution and orbital properties of super-Earths and Neptune-mass planets], M. Mayor, M. Marmier, C. Lovis, S. Udry, D. Ségransan, F. Pepe, W. Benz, J.-L. Bertaux, F. Bouchy, X. Dumusque, G. Lo Curto, C. Mordasini, D. Queloz, N. C. Santos (September 2011).</ref> Secundum [[statistica]]m anni [[2012]] investigationem, quaeque ex circa 100 billionibus stellarum in [[galaxias|galaxia]] nostro seu [[Via Lactea]] "in medio . . . saltem 1.6 planetas" habere fertur.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |title=160 Billion Alien Planets May Exist in Our Milky WayGalaxy |url=http://www.space.com/14200-160-billion-alien-planets-milky-galaxy.html |date=11 January 2012 |publisher=[[Space.com]] |accessdate=2012-01-11 }}</ref><ref name="Nature-20120111">{{cite journal |author=Cassan, A. et al. |title=One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v481/n7380/full/nature10684.html |doi=10.1038/nature10684 |date=11 Ianuarii 2012 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=481 |pages=167–169 |accessdate=11 Ianuarii 2012 |bibcode = 2012Natur.481..167C }}</ref> Non minus ergo quam 160 billiones planetarum stellis circumeuntium in sola Via Lactea exsistere possunt.<ref name="Nature-20120111" /> [[Planemo]]num (seu corporum massam planetariam habentium) libere in Via Lactea fluitantium fortasse exstant trilliones, sive videlicet corporum [[Pluto (planeta)|Plutone]] maiorum 100&thinsp;000 pro omni [[stella sequentiae principalis]].<!--for every main-sequence star--><ref>[http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.2687 Nomads of the Galaxy], Louis E. Strigari, Matteo Barnabe, Philip J. Marshall, Roger D. Blandford.</ref> == Passus primi == Iam diu homo interrogat soline sit in universo. Qui est alius modus quaerendi, sintne alii planetae in quibus crescant aliae formae vitae. [[Christianus Hugenius]] erat primus astronomus cui erat notio utendorum instrumentorum observationis ut tales planetae detegerentur. [[saeculum 20|Saeculo vicensimo]] [[telescopium|telescopiis]] melioribus novae artes inventae: inventio ex onere parta ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: ''charge-coupled device'' sive ''CCD''), cura imaginum, [[Hubble (telescopium)|spatii telescopum Hubble]], res omnes quae stellarum motus optime metiantur. Ob eam causam multi [[astronomus|astronomi]] planetas extrasolares detegi posse putant. Annis 1980 et annis 1990 incipientibus pauci nuntii planetae inventi facti sunt, qui quidem multitudine nuntiorum aliorum resumpti; dehinc verificatis rebus (per menses vel annos) illi nuntii inveterati sunt (ut mos est hominum doctorum). Communio hominum doctorum spem amisit nonnullique iam concludebant [[systema solare]] esse unum in universo. Denique anno 1995 revera primus planeta exter est repertus. == Primi planetae extrasolares reperti == [[Fasciculus:Osirisplanet.jpg|thumb|Pictura imaginata quae monstret exhalationem planetae [[HD 209458 b]] ("Osiris" interdum nuncupati)<br />''fontes: [[NASA]]/[[ESA]]/[[Centre national de la recherche scientifique|CNRS]]'']] Primus planeta extrasolaris repertus nuntiatus est die 6 Octobris 1995 a Michaele Mayor et Didier Queloz (ex observatorio [[Genava]]e) sito, secundum observata quae facta sunt in observatorio Superioris Provinciae quaeque ad velocitatem radialem stellarum pertinebant. Qui planeta dimidio minor [[Iuppiter (planeta)|Iove stella]] orbitam tantum 4,2 dierum habens astro ita est prope ut (sicut alii huiusmodi planetae) ''Iuppiter calidus'' vocatur et appellationem [[51 Pegasi b]] habet (sed interdum "Bellerophon" nuncupatur): astrum enim est [[51 Pegasi]], in constellatione [[Pegasus (constellatio)|Pegasi]] visum, 40 [[spatium lucis annuae|spatia lucis annuae]] a [[Tellus (planeta)|Tellure]] remota. Ex illo tempore plus quam ducenti planetae inventi sunt, quorum multi a grege qui a {{Creanda|en|Geoffrey Marcy|Galfridus Marcy|Galfrido Marcy}} ex Universitate Californiae in Berkeleia sita ducebatur reperti sunt. Plus quam dimidium autem reperti sunt in Universitate [[Genava|Genevae]] sita a gregibus internationalibus. Primum systema ubi detecti sunt plures planetae erat [[Upsilon Andromedae]] in constellatione [[Andromeda (constellatio)|Andromedae]]. Alter fuit [[55 Cancri|55]] [[Cancer (constellatio)|Cancri]]. Quod est maximum systema planetarum quod adhuc notum est (praeter nostrum), nam saltem quattuor planetas continet. Maior pars planetarum nunc repertorum [[gigas gasosus|gigantes gasosi]], aliqui quidem [[pumilio fusca|pumiliones fuscae]] sunt. Praecipue detecti sunt gigantes circum stellis proximis propter observationis modum. Alii sunt Ioves excentricii, saepe maiores [[Iuppiter (planeta)|Iove]] planeta, orbitis maioris [[Excentricitas|excentricitatis]] adfecti. Etiam planetae [[Neptunus (planeta)|Neptuni]] [[magnitudo|magnitudinis]] iam inventi sunt, exempli causa illi duo planetae stellam [[Gliese 876]] vocatam revolventes. Multo facilius est reperire planetam massae maximae rapide stellam circumeuntem propter velocitatem radialem. Planetae minoris magnitudinis nondum inveniri poterant, cum methodus investigandi solum maiores indicet: Observantur vacillationes stellae ex quibus massae atque orbitae planetarum circum eam revolventium ratiocinantur. Namque imagines planetarum exterorum capere nondum possumus. In priore spatio semestri 2005 disputatio per mundum astronomorum acta est. Greges ex NASA (Agentia spatii [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]]) et ex ESO nuntiavere telescopos VLT et Spitzer planetas exteros repperisse. Tandem Europa obtinuisse primas imagines directas planetarum extrasolarium videbatur. Singillatim pumilionem fuscam [[2MASSW J1207334-393254|2M1207]] et stellam [[GQ Lupi]] circumeunt. Hoc dicto comitem GQ Lupi pumilionem fuscam esse putatur. ==Inventa== Die 1 Augusti 2022 numerantur<ref>http://exoplanet.eu/catalog.php</ref>: * 5125 planetae extrasolares in * 3794 systematibus planetariis distributi (inter quae systemata 829 plures planetas habent) [[Fasciculus:444226main exoplanet20100414-a-full.jpg|thumb|[[Tres]] noti [[stella]]e [[HR8799]] [[planeta]]e, ex [[Telescopium Hale|Telescopio Hale]] visi. [[Lux]] mediae stellae (locus ''star'' Anglice designatus) a [[coronagraphia vorticis vectoralis|coronagrammate vorticis vectoralis]]<!--vector vortex coronagraph--> celatur.]] [[Fasciculus:Brown dwarf 2M J044144 and planet.jpg|thumb|[[2MASS J04414489+2301513|2M J044144]] est [[nanus fuscus]] cui est comes circa quinquies-decies [[massa]]e [[Iuppiter (planeta)|Iovis]].<!-- It is not clear whether this companion object is a [[sub-brown dwarf]] or a planet.-->]] [[Fasciculus:The Star AB Pictoris and its Companion - Phot-14d-05-normal.jpg|thumb|Imago [[coronagraphia|coronographica]] stellae [[AB Pictoris]] comitem (laeva et ima parte) monstrat, qui est vel nanus fuscus vel planeta massivus.<!-- The data were obtained on 16 March 2003 with [[Very Large Telescope#Instruments|NACO]] on the [[Very Large Telescope|VLT]], using a 1.4 arcsec occulting mask on top of AB Pictoris.-->]] ==Planetae exteri noti== * Die [[27 Novembris]] [[2001]] detegitur primus gigas gasosus, [[HD 209458 b]] ("Osiris" interdum nuncupatus), [[oxygenium]] et [[carbonium]] in atmosphaera sua continens. Cum sit planeta proximus soli eius, videt atmosphaeram exspirari vento stellae. Quae impullere peritos classem novam exoplanetarum animo fingere, quam appellant [[planeta Chthonius|planetas Chthonios]], qui sunt reliquiae rupium gigantium gasosorum quorum atmosphaera exspirata est stella eorum. * Die [[25 Augusti]] [[2004]], planeta, [[Mu Arae c]] vel "Venus Mu Arae", gravis 14 massas terrestres repertus est. Quae massa est infra limitem theoricum 15 massarum terrestrium ubi licet invenire planetam telluricum. Periti enim quaerunt num sit maximus planeta e rupibus, primus ergo huius generis repertus, an minimus gigas gasosus. * Anno [[2005]], semel, astronomi discrevere lumen emissum directe duobus planetis, quamquam lucent maxime stellae proximae. Hactenus, indirecte erant reperti, inspiciendo perturbationes adhibitae planetis in stellas eorum vel metiendo lumen deminutum per obscurationem. Hac vice, duo greges observantes planetas varios exoplanetas repererunt simul. Sed cum duo greges usi essent telescopo spatii infrarubro " Spitzer" Civitatium Foederatarum, NASA statuit casu frui ut ambo simul nuntiati essent. Interest notare ambos exoplanetas observatos detectos esse prius velocitatis radialis artis gratia. * Die [[14 Iulii]] [[2005]], astrophysicus {{Creanda|en|Maciej Konacki|Matthaeus Konacki}} [[Institutum Technologiae Californiense|Instituti Technologiae Californiae]] in libello periodico ''[[Nature]]'' reperire exoplanetam ([[HD 188753]] Ab) proclamavit in systemate trium stellarum quae inveniuntur longae 149 spatia lucis annuae a Terra. [[Havaii]] telescopii Keck I gratia, potuit hunc planetam invenire cuius revolutio circum stellam eius fit in minus quam quattuor diebus. Exempla hodierna formationis planetarum non explicant quomodo talis planeta oriatur in spatio ambienti tam incerto quod attinet ad [[gravitatio]]nem. Hic planeta "planeta Tatooinus" ab inventore cognominatur in laudem planetae fictici eiusdem [[nomen proprium|nominis]] in [[pellicula]] de ''[[Star Wars|Bellis Stellarum]].'' Astronomi posteriores, qui eum planetam rursus reperire conati sunt, jusque hodie non potuerunt. * Die [[26 Ianuarii]] [[2006]], tres collaborationes usantes effectum lentium microgravitationalium ducti per "Probans lentium anomalia retem" (vulgo ''Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork'' vel ''PLANET'') aperiant planetam [[OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb]] quae videtur prima exoplaneta tellurica nota. Haec planeta sita est longius 22 milia spatiorum lucis annuae a terra. Eius massa valet circa quinquies pro Terra; temperatura est parva -220&nbsp;°C gradus (53 K), quod sinit supponere planetam solidam esse. * Die [[17 Maii]] [[2006]], grex inventorum planetarum (cuius est particeps Michaelis Maior) nuntiat reperisse, spectrographi Harps gratia, tres planetas Neptunianos circumeuntes sidus generis solaris [[HD 69830]]. Massae sunt pro se quisque decies, duodecies, duodevicies (10, 12,18) superiores massae Terrae (quod est debile, Iove centies septemdecies (117) valenti massam Terrae). Hoc systema putatur possidere asteroidum cingulum longum 1 [[Unitas astronomica|ua]] a stella. * Raius Iaiavardhana et Valentinus Ivanov repererunt, Nova technologia telescopio longo 3,5 m observatorii La Silla in observatorio Europeano australi (ESO), [[Oph 162225-240515]], systema duplex duorum planetarum se circumeuntium et in spatio libere navigantium . * Die [[18 Septembris]] [[2006]], grex astronomorum [[Institutum Smithsonianum|Smithsoniani]] nuntiat probabilem inventionem novi generis planetae: cum [[radius (geometria)|radio]] aequo 1.38 vices Iovi sed cuius pondus ne quidem est dimidium massae, est exoplaneta levissimus quem umquam invenere! Est densitate inferiore suberi: fluctuet commode si sit vas maius quam ut contineatur. Res nominatur [[ADS 16402|HAT-P-1]]. Stella est sidus praecipuum systematis duplicis, longum 450 spatia lucis annuae a Terra in constellatione [[Lacerta (constellatio)|Lacerta]] et notum nomine poetico [[ADS 16402]]. Ambae stellae similes sunt soli sed iuniores, natae circa 3,6 mille milia milia annis post solem. * Die [[5 Octobris]] [[2006]], Kailashus Sahu, Baltimori Instituti Scientiae telescopi spatii (vulgo ''Space Telescope Science Institute'') collegaeque Civitatum Foederatarum, Chiliani, Sueci, Itali, putantur reperisse, telescopo spatii Hubble, quinque exoplanetas novi generis appellatos "Planetas Periodo Revolutionis Brevissimo" vel Anglice ''USPP'' , ''Ultra-Short-Period Planet'' quia circumeunt sidus minus quam intra diem terrestrem (Velocissima revolvitur intra 0.4 diem, minus quam decem horae). Res videntur planetae gasi gigantes debili densitate similes Iovi, circumeuntes stellas minores quam Sol. ==Modi inveniendi== Invenire exoplanetam indirecte non est res facilis, variis rationibus: * Planeta [[lux|lucem]] non edit: solum lumen refert quod excipit e stella, quod paucum est. * Stella distat a nobis multo magis quam stella distat a planeta suo: oportet potestatem separandi ergo instrumentorum altissimam esse ut distinguentur. Sic, soli modi detegendi qui valebant usque nuperrime appellantur modi "indirecti", nam non detegunt directe photona venientia a planeta. Sunt plures modi, praesentes et futuri ut reperiatur extrasolaris planeta. Plerique deteguntur ab observatoriis in solo. ==Notae== <references /> ==Bibliographia== * ''[http://www.iop.org/publications/iop/2010/page_42551.html Exoplanets – The search for planets beyond our solar system]''. Institute of Physics, [[2010]]. * Giada N. Arney, "[https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0651/meta The K Dwarf Advantage for Biosignatures on Directly Imaged Exoplanets]" in ''Astrophysical Journal Letters'' vol. 873 (6 Martii 2019) * R. P. Butler, "[http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/504701;jsessionid=A420BF41B7A906D69EDDB4C5C8FB27C5.ip-10-40-1-105 Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets]" in ''Astrophysical Journal'' vol. 646 (2006) * David R. Ciardi et al., "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.05665v1 Astro2020 Science White Paper: Toward Finding Earth 2.0: Masses and Orbits of Small Planets with Extreme Radial Velocity Precision]" (13 Martii 2019) apud ''arXiv.org'' * Chuanfei Dong, Zhenguang Huang, Manasvi Lingam, Gábor Tóth, Tamas Gombosi, Amitava Bhattacharjee, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.01219 The dehydration of water worlds via atmospheric losses]" (5 Septembris 2017) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Astrophysical Journal Letters'' *{{Cite journal|author=Artie P. Hatzes, Günther Wuchter |title=Astronomy: Giant planet seeks nursery place|journal=Nature |volume= 436|pages= 182–183|year=2005 |doi=10.1038/436182a|pmid=16015311|issue=7048|bibcode = 2005Natur.436..182H }} [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v436/n7048/full/436182a.html Situs venalis] * René Heller, Michael Hippke, Kai Rodenbeck, "[https://www.aanda.org/component/article?access=doi&doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201935600 Transit least-squares survey. II. Discovery and validation of 17 new sub- to super-Earth-sized planets in multi-planet systems from K2]" in ''Astronomy & Astrophysics'' (13 May 2019) * Danley C. Hsu, Eric B. Ford, Darin Ragozzine, Keir Ashby, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.01417 Occurrence Rates of Planets orbiting FGK Stars: Combining Kepler DR25, Gaia DR2 and Bayesian Inference]" (14 Augusti 2019) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Astronomical Journal'' vol. 158 * L. Kaltenegger, J.Pepper, K. Stassun, R. Oelkers, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.11539 TESS Habitable Zone Star Catalog]" (27 Martii 2019) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro '' Astrophysical Journal Letters'' vol. 874 no. L8 (2019) * Jonathan I. Lunine, Bruce Macintosh, Stanton Peale, "[http://ptonline.aip.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_62/iss_5/46_1.shtml?type=PTALERT The detection and characterization of exoplanets]" in ''Physics Today'' (Maii 2009) * Sarah R. N. McIntyre, Charles H. Lineweaver, Michael J. Ireland, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.03123 Planetary Magnetism as a Parameter in Exoplanet Habitability]" (7 Martii 2019) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society'' [https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2018/EPSC2018-989.pdfhttps://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2018/EPSC2018-989.pdf Epitome alibi reperta] * Sarah Millholland, Gregory Laughlin, "[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-019-0701-7 Obliquity-driven sculpting of exoplanetary systems]" in ''[[Nature]] Astronomy Letters'' (4 Martii 2019) * {{Cite journal|author=Mark R. Swain, Gautam Vasisht & Giovanna Tinetti |title=The presence of methane in the atmosphere of an extrasolar planet|journal=Nature |volume= 452|pages= 329–331|year=2008 |doi=10.1038/nature06823|pmid=18354477|issue=7185|bibcode = 2008Natur.452..329S }} [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v452/n7185/full/nature06823.html Situs venalis] * Tomoyuki Kudo et al., "[https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aaeb1c/meta A Spatially Resolved au-scale Inner Disk around DM Tau]" in ''Astrophysical Journal Letters'' vol. 868 (14 Novembris 2018) * Vincent Van Eylen, Simon Albrecht, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.02814 Eccentricity from transit photometry: small planets in Kepler multi-planet systems have low eccentricities]" (11 Maii 2015) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Astrophysical Journal'' {{NexInt}} * [[Satelles extrasolaris]] * [[Planeta extragalacticus]] * [[Zona habitabilis]] * [[Consortium N2K]] * [[Index planetarum extrasolarium]] * [[Krypton (planeta ficticius)|Krypton]] ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Exoplanets|exoplanetas}} ; Indices nexuum * ''[http://www.ucm.es/info/Astrof/recopilaciones/planetas_ext.html Planetas extrasolares]'' ;Encyclopaediae et indices * ''[http://exoplanet.eu The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia]'' - De planetis extrasolaribus * "[http://exoplanets.org/ Exoplanets Data Explorer]" apud ''University of California Planet Search Project'' * M. Mayor et alii, "[http://obswww.unige.ch/~udry/planet/planet.html The Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search Programmes]" * ''[http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog]'' apud ''Planetary Habitability Laboratory'' * ''[http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ NASA Exoplanet Archive]'' * ''[http://exoplanet.hanno-rein.de/ The Visual Exoplanet Catalogue]'' * [http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/exoplanet/id327702034?mt=8 Data exoplanetaria iPhone/iPod/iPad accommodata] * ''[http://www.planetary.org/exoplanets/ Catalog of Exoplanets]'' apud ''Planetary Society '' * ''[http://www.planetarybiology.com/exoexplorer_planets/ Complete List of Exoplanets]'' apud ''Planetary Biology'' * [http://media4.obspm.fr/exoplanets/ De exoplanetis] apud ''Observatoire de Paris'' * [http://jumk.de/astronomie/exoplanets/index.shtml List of important exoplanets] ; Atlantes * ''[http://planetquest1.jpl.nasa.gov/atlas/atlas_index.cfm PlanetQuest Atlas]'' apud [[NASA]] * [http://www.exosolar.net/ exosolar.net] Atlas stellarum et exoplanetarum ; Instituta exoplanetaria * [http://www.exoplanet.de/ Center for Exo-Planet Research Jena/Tautenburg] * [http://www.astro.uni-jena.de/ Astrophysical Institute & University Observatory Jena (AIU)] * ''[http://www.superwasp.org/ SuperWASP Wide Angle Search for Planets]'' Institutorum Britannicorum * ''[http://www.planetquest.org/ PlanetQuest]'' * ''[http://www.nsf.gov/mps/ast/exoptf.jsp ExoPlanet Task Force (ExoPTF)]'' apud ''National Science Foundation'' ; Varia et breviora * [http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/ PlanetQuest] apud [[NASA]] * "[https://www.nasa.gov/kepler/discoveries How many exoplanets has Kepler discovered?]" apud ''NASA'' * "[http://alum.mit.edu/pages/sliceofmit/2011/02/15/exoplanets/ 10 Things You May Not Know About ... Exoplanets]" apud ''Slice of MIT'' * "[http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1024/ Exoplanet Caught on the Move]" apud ''european Southern Observatory'' * "[http://exoplanets.org/index_gl.html 6–8 Earth-Mass Planet Discovered orbiting Gliese 876]" apud exoplanets.org * "[http://www.ece.vt.edu/swe/lwa/memo/lwa0013.pdf Radio Detection of Extrasolar Planets: Present and Future Prospects]" * [http://www.astronomycast.com/astronomy/ep-125-a-zoo-of-extrasolar-planets/ "Vivarium" planetarum extrasolarium] apud astronomycast.com * Natalie M. Batalha et al., "[http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.5852 Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler, III: Analysis of the First 16 Months of Data]" (Feb. 2012) * Laurence R. Doyle, "[http://www.space.com/searchforlife/090319-seti-planet-nomenclature.html Naming New Extrasolar Planets]" apud ''SPACE.com'' (19 Martii 2009) * D. Lafreniere, R. Jayawardhana, M. van Kerkwijk, "[http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap080919.html Companion of a Young, Sun-like Star]" apud [[NASA]] * "[http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Beyond Beyond Our Solar System]" apud ''[http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/ NASA's Solar System Exploration]'' * "[http://www.perseus.gr/Astro-Photometry.htm Differential Photometry]" apud ''Perseus'' * ''[https://www.centauri-dreams.org/ Centauri Dreams]'' [[Categoria:Exoplanetologia]] {{Myrias|Physica}} {{FA stella}} efdgeip36ak1m46z7gtovcvg6yroeao 0 27483 3700059 3389630 2022-08-27T16:08:32Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:nicolaus_olahus.jpg|thumb|200px|Nicolaus Olahus]] '''Nicolaus Olahus''' (natus die [[10 Ianuarii]] [[1493]] in [[Cibinium]] - denatus [[1568]] in [[Posonium]]) fuit [[humanismus|humanista]], [[historiographia|historiographus]] et archiepiscopus [[Strigonium|Strigonii]]. Anno 1493 Cibinii in [[Transsilvania]] ex nobili familia [[Valachi|valacha]] natus est. Prima suae eruditionis fundamenta scholas [[Varadinum|varadinenses]] ab anno [[1505]] ad [[1512]] frequentando posuit. Primum aulam regis Vladislai II petiit. Rege demortuo ([[1516]]) ad [[Georgium Szathmari]], episcopum [[quinqueecclesia|quinqueecclesiensem]] se contulit, qui eum biennio postea sacerdotio initiavit. Anno [[1526]] secretarius regis Ludovici II factus est. Post cladem autem mohácsianam Mariae, Ludovici regis viduae, Flandriam gubernandam suscepturae comes itineris et consiliarius datur. Octennio, quo apud belgas versatus est, eruditorum - inter quos erat [[Desiderius Erasmus]] - amicitiam initiit. Dum [[Bruxellae|Bruxellis]] moraretur, varia opera litteraria lucubravit. Anno [[1543]] in [[Regnum Hungariae|Hungariam]] reversus primuum episcopus zagrabiensis nominatur, unde anno [[1548]] ad sedem agriensem transfertur. Tandem anno [[1553]] a rege [[Ferdinandus I SRI|Ferdinando]] ad archiepiscopatum strigoniensem elevatur. == Opera == * ''Hungaria et Attila'' * ''Genesis filiorum Regis Ferdinandi'' * ''Ephemerides'' * ''Brevis descriptio vitae Benedicti Zerchsky'' == Bibliographia == * Cristina Neagu, ''Servant of the Renaissance: The Poetry and Prose of Nicolaus Olahus''. Peter Lang, 2003 [https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/95578/Complete%2063%203%264.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y recensio huius operis] * Emöke Rita Szilágyi, ed., ''Nicolaus Olahus 450: Tagungsband der internationalen Konferenz zum 450. Todestag von Nicolaus Olahus''. Vindobonae: Institut für Ungarische Geschichtsforschung, 2019 {{NexInt}} *[[Melchior Cibinensis]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Olahus, Nicolaus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1493]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1568]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Contrareformatio]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]] [[Categoria:Humanistae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] eh3nynlvqbxmx6wr5xfzhunw1g6dfq8 3700060 3700059 2022-08-27T16:09:16Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Andrew Dalby movit paginam [[Nicolaus Olachus]] ad [[Nicolaus Olahus]]: lemma wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:nicolaus_olahus.jpg|thumb|200px|Nicolaus Olahus]] '''Nicolaus Olahus''' (natus die [[10 Ianuarii]] [[1493]] in [[Cibinium]] - denatus [[1568]] in [[Posonium]]) fuit [[humanismus|humanista]], [[historiographia|historiographus]] et archiepiscopus [[Strigonium|Strigonii]]. Anno 1493 Cibinii in [[Transsilvania]] ex nobili familia [[Valachi|valacha]] natus est. Prima suae eruditionis fundamenta scholas [[Varadinum|varadinenses]] ab anno [[1505]] ad [[1512]] frequentando posuit. Primum aulam regis Vladislai II petiit. Rege demortuo ([[1516]]) ad [[Georgium Szathmari]], episcopum [[quinqueecclesia|quinqueecclesiensem]] se contulit, qui eum biennio postea sacerdotio initiavit. Anno [[1526]] secretarius regis Ludovici II factus est. Post cladem autem mohácsianam Mariae, Ludovici regis viduae, Flandriam gubernandam suscepturae comes itineris et consiliarius datur. Octennio, quo apud belgas versatus est, eruditorum - inter quos erat [[Desiderius Erasmus]] - amicitiam initiit. Dum [[Bruxellae|Bruxellis]] moraretur, varia opera litteraria lucubravit. Anno [[1543]] in [[Regnum Hungariae|Hungariam]] reversus primuum episcopus zagrabiensis nominatur, unde anno [[1548]] ad sedem agriensem transfertur. Tandem anno [[1553]] a rege [[Ferdinandus I SRI|Ferdinando]] ad archiepiscopatum strigoniensem elevatur. == Opera == * ''Hungaria et Attila'' * ''Genesis filiorum Regis Ferdinandi'' * ''Ephemerides'' * ''Brevis descriptio vitae Benedicti Zerchsky'' == Bibliographia == * Cristina Neagu, ''Servant of the Renaissance: The Poetry and Prose of Nicolaus Olahus''. Peter Lang, 2003 [https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/95578/Complete%2063%203%264.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y recensio huius operis] * Emöke Rita Szilágyi, ed., ''Nicolaus Olahus 450: Tagungsband der internationalen Konferenz zum 450. Todestag von Nicolaus Olahus''. Vindobonae: Institut für Ungarische Geschichtsforschung, 2019 {{NexInt}} *[[Melchior Cibinensis]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Olahus, Nicolaus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1493]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1568]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Contrareformatio]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]] [[Categoria:Humanistae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] eh3nynlvqbxmx6wr5xfzhunw1g6dfq8 3700062 3700060 2022-08-27T16:10:03Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Archiepiscopi Strigonienses]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:nicolaus_olahus.jpg|thumb|200px|Nicolaus Olahus]] '''Nicolaus Olahus''' (natus die [[10 Ianuarii]] [[1493]] in [[Cibinium]] - denatus [[1568]] in [[Posonium]]) fuit [[humanismus|humanista]], [[historiographia|historiographus]] et archiepiscopus [[Strigonium|Strigonii]]. Anno 1493 Cibinii in [[Transsilvania]] ex nobili familia [[Valachi|valacha]] natus est. Prima suae eruditionis fundamenta scholas [[Varadinum|varadinenses]] ab anno [[1505]] ad [[1512]] frequentando posuit. Primum aulam regis Vladislai II petiit. Rege demortuo ([[1516]]) ad [[Georgium Szathmari]], episcopum [[quinqueecclesia|quinqueecclesiensem]] se contulit, qui eum biennio postea sacerdotio initiavit. Anno [[1526]] secretarius regis Ludovici II factus est. Post cladem autem mohácsianam Mariae, Ludovici regis viduae, Flandriam gubernandam suscepturae comes itineris et consiliarius datur. Octennio, quo apud belgas versatus est, eruditorum - inter quos erat [[Desiderius Erasmus]] - amicitiam initiit. Dum [[Bruxellae|Bruxellis]] moraretur, varia opera litteraria lucubravit. Anno [[1543]] in [[Regnum Hungariae|Hungariam]] reversus primuum episcopus zagrabiensis nominatur, unde anno [[1548]] ad sedem agriensem transfertur. Tandem anno [[1553]] a rege [[Ferdinandus I SRI|Ferdinando]] ad archiepiscopatum strigoniensem elevatur. == Opera == * ''Hungaria et Attila'' * ''Genesis filiorum Regis Ferdinandi'' * ''Ephemerides'' * ''Brevis descriptio vitae Benedicti Zerchsky'' == Bibliographia == * Cristina Neagu, ''Servant of the Renaissance: The Poetry and Prose of Nicolaus Olahus''. Peter Lang, 2003 [https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/95578/Complete%2063%203%264.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y recensio huius operis] * Emöke Rita Szilágyi, ed., ''Nicolaus Olahus 450: Tagungsband der internationalen Konferenz zum 450. Todestag von Nicolaus Olahus''. Vindobonae: Institut für Ungarische Geschichtsforschung, 2019 {{NexInt}} *[[Melchior Cibinensis]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Olahus, Nicolaus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1493]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1568]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Contrareformatio]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]] [[Categoria:Humanistae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] [[Categoria:Archiepiscopi Strigonienses]] ba4wswje0ohflsqmdq6ywqn7rgwepqy 3700063 3700062 2022-08-27T16:10:09Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: -[[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:nicolaus_olahus.jpg|thumb|200px|Nicolaus Olahus]] '''Nicolaus Olahus''' (natus die [[10 Ianuarii]] [[1493]] in [[Cibinium]] - denatus [[1568]] in [[Posonium]]) fuit [[humanismus|humanista]], [[historiographia|historiographus]] et archiepiscopus [[Strigonium|Strigonii]]. Anno 1493 Cibinii in [[Transsilvania]] ex nobili familia [[Valachi|valacha]] natus est. Prima suae eruditionis fundamenta scholas [[Varadinum|varadinenses]] ab anno [[1505]] ad [[1512]] frequentando posuit. Primum aulam regis Vladislai II petiit. Rege demortuo ([[1516]]) ad [[Georgium Szathmari]], episcopum [[quinqueecclesia|quinqueecclesiensem]] se contulit, qui eum biennio postea sacerdotio initiavit. Anno [[1526]] secretarius regis Ludovici II factus est. Post cladem autem mohácsianam Mariae, Ludovici regis viduae, Flandriam gubernandam suscepturae comes itineris et consiliarius datur. Octennio, quo apud belgas versatus est, eruditorum - inter quos erat [[Desiderius Erasmus]] - amicitiam initiit. Dum [[Bruxellae|Bruxellis]] moraretur, varia opera litteraria lucubravit. Anno [[1543]] in [[Regnum Hungariae|Hungariam]] reversus primuum episcopus zagrabiensis nominatur, unde anno [[1548]] ad sedem agriensem transfertur. Tandem anno [[1553]] a rege [[Ferdinandus I SRI|Ferdinando]] ad archiepiscopatum strigoniensem elevatur. == Opera == * ''Hungaria et Attila'' * ''Genesis filiorum Regis Ferdinandi'' * ''Ephemerides'' * ''Brevis descriptio vitae Benedicti Zerchsky'' == Bibliographia == * Cristina Neagu, ''Servant of the Renaissance: The Poetry and Prose of Nicolaus Olahus''. Peter Lang, 2003 [https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/95578/Complete%2063%203%264.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y recensio huius operis] * Emöke Rita Szilágyi, ed., ''Nicolaus Olahus 450: Tagungsband der internationalen Konferenz zum 450. Todestag von Nicolaus Olahus''. Vindobonae: Institut für Ungarische Geschichtsforschung, 2019 {{NexInt}} *[[Melchior Cibinensis]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Olahus, Nicolaus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1493]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1568]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Contrareformatio]] [[Categoria:Humanistae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] [[Categoria:Archiepiscopi Strigonienses]] n4fcijvsohl3jdyfvavqkwcn98zak3v 3700070 3700063 2022-08-27T17:02:29Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Nicolaus Olahus''' (natus die [[10 Ianuarii]] [[1493]] in [[Cibinium]] - denatus [[1568]] in [[Posonium]]) fuit [[humanismus|humanista]], [[historiographia|historiographus]] et archiepiscopus [[Strigonium|Strigonii]]. Anno 1493 Cibinii in [[Transsilvania]] ex nobili familia [[Valachi|valacha]] natus est. Prima suae eruditionis fundamenta scholas [[Varadinum|varadinenses]] ab anno [[1505]] ad [[1512]] frequentando posuit. Primum aulam regis Vladislai II petiit. Rege demortuo ([[1516]]) ad [[Georgium Szathmari]], episcopum [[quinqueecclesia|quinqueecclesiensem]] se contulit, qui eum biennio postea sacerdotio initiavit. Anno [[1526]] secretarius regis Ludovici II factus est. Post cladem autem mohácsianam Mariae, Ludovici regis viduae, Flandriam gubernandam suscepturae comes itineris et consiliarius datur. Octennio, quo apud belgas versatus est, eruditorum - inter quos erat [[Desiderius Erasmus]] - amicitiam initiit. Dum [[Bruxellae|Bruxellis]] moraretur, varia opera litteraria lucubravit. Anno [[1543]] in [[Regnum Hungariae|Hungariam]] reversus primuum episcopus zagrabiensis nominatur, unde anno [[1548]] ad sedem agriensem transfertur. Tandem anno [[1553]] a rege [[Ferdinandus I SRI|Ferdinando]] ad archiepiscopatum strigoniensem elevatur. == Opera == * ''Hungaria et Attila'' * ''Genesis filiorum Regis Ferdinandi'' * ''Ephemerides'' * ''Brevis descriptio vitae Benedicti Zerchsky'' == Bibliographia == * Cristina Neagu, ''Servant of the Renaissance: The Poetry and Prose of Nicolaus Olahus''. Peter Lang, 2003 [https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/95578/Complete%2063%203%264.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y recensio huius operis] * Emöke Rita Szilágyi, ed., ''Nicolaus Olahus 450: Tagungsband der internationalen Konferenz zum 450. Todestag von Nicolaus Olahus''. Vindobonae: Institut für Ungarische Geschichtsforschung, 2019 {{NexInt}} *[[Melchior Cibinensis]] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * Emoke Rita Szilágyi, "[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/42936409.pdf Oláh Miklós, Nicolae Valahul, Mikuláš Oláh]" (vita brevis, bibliographia utilis) {{DEFAULTSORT:Olahus, Nicolaus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1493]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1568]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Contrareformatio]] [[Categoria:Humanistae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] [[Categoria:Archiepiscopi Strigonienses]] eqti8lkaq2m85377jt4mx5g7v1nzz9i 3700071 3700070 2022-08-27T17:03:50Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Episcopi Zagrebienses]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Nicolaus Olahus''' (natus die [[10 Ianuarii]] [[1493]] in [[Cibinium]] - denatus [[1568]] in [[Posonium]]) fuit [[humanismus|humanista]], [[historiographia|historiographus]] et archiepiscopus [[Strigonium|Strigonii]]. Anno 1493 Cibinii in [[Transsilvania]] ex nobili familia [[Valachi|valacha]] natus est. Prima suae eruditionis fundamenta scholas [[Varadinum|varadinenses]] ab anno [[1505]] ad [[1512]] frequentando posuit. Primum aulam regis Vladislai II petiit. Rege demortuo ([[1516]]) ad [[Georgium Szathmari]], episcopum [[quinqueecclesia|quinqueecclesiensem]] se contulit, qui eum biennio postea sacerdotio initiavit. Anno [[1526]] secretarius regis Ludovici II factus est. Post cladem autem mohácsianam Mariae, Ludovici regis viduae, Flandriam gubernandam suscepturae comes itineris et consiliarius datur. Octennio, quo apud belgas versatus est, eruditorum - inter quos erat [[Desiderius Erasmus]] - amicitiam initiit. Dum [[Bruxellae|Bruxellis]] moraretur, varia opera litteraria lucubravit. Anno [[1543]] in [[Regnum Hungariae|Hungariam]] reversus primuum episcopus zagrabiensis nominatur, unde anno [[1548]] ad sedem agriensem transfertur. Tandem anno [[1553]] a rege [[Ferdinandus I SRI|Ferdinando]] ad archiepiscopatum strigoniensem elevatur. == Opera == * ''Hungaria et Attila'' * ''Genesis filiorum Regis Ferdinandi'' * ''Ephemerides'' * ''Brevis descriptio vitae Benedicti Zerchsky'' == Bibliographia == * Cristina Neagu, ''Servant of the Renaissance: The Poetry and Prose of Nicolaus Olahus''. Peter Lang, 2003 [https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/95578/Complete%2063%203%264.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y recensio huius operis] * Emöke Rita Szilágyi, ed., ''Nicolaus Olahus 450: Tagungsband der internationalen Konferenz zum 450. Todestag von Nicolaus Olahus''. Vindobonae: Institut für Ungarische Geschichtsforschung, 2019 {{NexInt}} *[[Melchior Cibinensis]] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * Emoke Rita Szilágyi, "[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/42936409.pdf Oláh Miklós, Nicolae Valahul, Mikuláš Oláh]" (vita brevis, bibliographia utilis) {{DEFAULTSORT:Olahus, Nicolaus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1493]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1568]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Contrareformatio]] [[Categoria:Humanistae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] [[Categoria:Archiepiscopi Strigonienses]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Zagrebienses]] 4uitiwfeue5zouye7bdfavs3453exsl 3700072 3700071 2022-08-27T17:04:02Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Episcopi eg]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Nicolaus Olahus''' (natus die [[10 Ianuarii]] [[1493]] in [[Cibinium]] - denatus [[1568]] in [[Posonium]]) fuit [[humanismus|humanista]], [[historiographia|historiographus]] et archiepiscopus [[Strigonium|Strigonii]]. Anno 1493 Cibinii in [[Transsilvania]] ex nobili familia [[Valachi|valacha]] natus est. Prima suae eruditionis fundamenta scholas [[Varadinum|varadinenses]] ab anno [[1505]] ad [[1512]] frequentando posuit. Primum aulam regis Vladislai II petiit. Rege demortuo ([[1516]]) ad [[Georgium Szathmari]], episcopum [[quinqueecclesia|quinqueecclesiensem]] se contulit, qui eum biennio postea sacerdotio initiavit. Anno [[1526]] secretarius regis Ludovici II factus est. Post cladem autem mohácsianam Mariae, Ludovici regis viduae, Flandriam gubernandam suscepturae comes itineris et consiliarius datur. Octennio, quo apud belgas versatus est, eruditorum - inter quos erat [[Desiderius Erasmus]] - amicitiam initiit. Dum [[Bruxellae|Bruxellis]] moraretur, varia opera litteraria lucubravit. Anno [[1543]] in [[Regnum Hungariae|Hungariam]] reversus primuum episcopus zagrabiensis nominatur, unde anno [[1548]] ad sedem agriensem transfertur. Tandem anno [[1553]] a rege [[Ferdinandus I SRI|Ferdinando]] ad archiepiscopatum strigoniensem elevatur. == Opera == * ''Hungaria et Attila'' * ''Genesis filiorum Regis Ferdinandi'' * ''Ephemerides'' * ''Brevis descriptio vitae Benedicti Zerchsky'' == Bibliographia == * Cristina Neagu, ''Servant of the Renaissance: The Poetry and Prose of Nicolaus Olahus''. Peter Lang, 2003 [https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/95578/Complete%2063%203%264.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y recensio huius operis] * Emöke Rita Szilágyi, ed., ''Nicolaus Olahus 450: Tagungsband der internationalen Konferenz zum 450. Todestag von Nicolaus Olahus''. Vindobonae: Institut für Ungarische Geschichtsforschung, 2019 {{NexInt}} *[[Melchior Cibinensis]] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * Emoke Rita Szilágyi, "[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/42936409.pdf Oláh Miklós, Nicolae Valahul, Mikuláš Oláh]" (vita brevis, bibliographia utilis) {{DEFAULTSORT:Olahus, Nicolaus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1493]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1568]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Contrareformatio]] [[Categoria:Humanistae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] [[Categoria:Archiepiscopi Strigonienses]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Zagrebienses]] [[Categoria:Episcopi eg]] qollsru9wm02g14gdsm9pmacx22lw4c 3700073 3700072 2022-08-27T17:04:06Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: -[[Categoria:Episcopi eg]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Nicolaus Olahus''' (natus die [[10 Ianuarii]] [[1493]] in [[Cibinium]] - denatus [[1568]] in [[Posonium]]) fuit [[humanismus|humanista]], [[historiographia|historiographus]] et archiepiscopus [[Strigonium|Strigonii]]. Anno 1493 Cibinii in [[Transsilvania]] ex nobili familia [[Valachi|valacha]] natus est. Prima suae eruditionis fundamenta scholas [[Varadinum|varadinenses]] ab anno [[1505]] ad [[1512]] frequentando posuit. Primum aulam regis Vladislai II petiit. Rege demortuo ([[1516]]) ad [[Georgium Szathmari]], episcopum [[quinqueecclesia|quinqueecclesiensem]] se contulit, qui eum biennio postea sacerdotio initiavit. Anno [[1526]] secretarius regis Ludovici II factus est. Post cladem autem mohácsianam Mariae, Ludovici regis viduae, Flandriam gubernandam suscepturae comes itineris et consiliarius datur. Octennio, quo apud belgas versatus est, eruditorum - inter quos erat [[Desiderius Erasmus]] - amicitiam initiit. Dum [[Bruxellae|Bruxellis]] moraretur, varia opera litteraria lucubravit. Anno [[1543]] in [[Regnum Hungariae|Hungariam]] reversus primuum episcopus zagrabiensis nominatur, unde anno [[1548]] ad sedem agriensem transfertur. Tandem anno [[1553]] a rege [[Ferdinandus I SRI|Ferdinando]] ad archiepiscopatum strigoniensem elevatur. == Opera == * ''Hungaria et Attila'' * ''Genesis filiorum Regis Ferdinandi'' * ''Ephemerides'' * ''Brevis descriptio vitae Benedicti Zerchsky'' == Bibliographia == * Cristina Neagu, ''Servant of the Renaissance: The Poetry and Prose of Nicolaus Olahus''. Peter Lang, 2003 [https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/95578/Complete%2063%203%264.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y recensio huius operis] * Emöke Rita Szilágyi, ed., ''Nicolaus Olahus 450: Tagungsband der internationalen Konferenz zum 450. Todestag von Nicolaus Olahus''. Vindobonae: Institut für Ungarische Geschichtsforschung, 2019 {{NexInt}} *[[Melchior Cibinensis]] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * Emoke Rita Szilágyi, "[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/42936409.pdf Oláh Miklós, Nicolae Valahul, Mikuláš Oláh]" (vita brevis, bibliographia utilis) {{DEFAULTSORT:Olahus, Nicolaus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1493]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1568]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Contrareformatio]] [[Categoria:Humanistae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] [[Categoria:Archiepiscopi Strigonienses]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Zagrebienses]] 4uitiwfeue5zouye7bdfavs3453exsl 0 27485 3700044 3684172 2022-08-27T15:08:27Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Clari cives */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Bridge of Lies and Tourists - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|250 px|Cibinium Pons mendaciorum]] [[Fasciculus:Sibiu jud Sibiu.png|thumb|250 px|left|Cibinii collocatio in circulo eiusdem nominis]] '''Cibinium''' ([[Dacoromanice]]: ''Sibiu'' ; [[Theodisce]]: ''Hermannstadt'' ; [[Hungarice]]: ''Nagyszeben'') est urbs circiter 154000 incolarum (anno [[2007]]) in [[Transsilvania]]. Caput est [[Cibinium (circulus)|Cibinii]] circuli. Magister urbis annis [[2000]] ad usque [[2014]] [[Nicolaus Iohannis]] fuit, qui deinde praeses totius Romaniae factus est. Ibi habet sedem [[Opus fundatum ecclesiarum munitarum]]. == Historia == Anno [[1147]] primi coloni e [[Germania]] venientes huc veniunt. Anno [[1191]] nomen ''praepositum Cibiniensem'' descriptum est. Anno [[1223]] "Villa Hermanni" nominabatur, anno [[1241]] "Hermannstorf". Cibinium caput "[[Saxones Transsilvaniae|Saxonum Transsilvaniae]]" fuit. Iam anno [[1224]] [[Andreas II (rex Hungariae)|Andreas II]] rex [[Hungaria]]e Saxonis [[Andreanum (diploma)|Andreano]] diplomate Saxonibus magna privilegia dedit: Ad annum [[1781]] nullis colonis nisi Germanis hic habitare licuit. [[Iosephus II]] imperator Austriacus hanc legem sustulit. Ad annum [[1918]] Cibinium ad [[Imperium Austro-Hungaricum]] pertinuit, deinde ad Romaniam. Germani post [[secundum bellum mundanum]] et praecipue post finem dictaturae communistarum patriam reliquerunt: Anno [[1977]] hic 25.403 Germani vixerunt, anno 2011 non plus quam 1.561. Anno 2007 Sibiu una cum [[Luxemburgum|Luxemburgo]] "caput culturae Euopae fuit<ref>[http://www.sibiu2007.ro/ www.sibiu2007.ro]</ref>. == Incolae == Anno [[2011]] hic 147.245 homines habitabant, inter eos 130.998 Dacoromani, 2.169 [[Hungaria|Hungari]], et 582 [[Zingari]] atque 1.561 [[Germania|Germani]]<ref>[http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls Institutum Nationale Statistica Romaniae anno 2011]</ref>. == Communium coniunctiones == * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasilia]] [[Bauru]], [[Brasilia]] (1995) * [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United States.svg|20px|CFA]] [[Columbia (Missuria)|Columbia]], [[CFA]] (1994) * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Austria.svg|20px|Austria]] [[Clagenfurtum]], [[Austria]] (1996) * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|Germania]] [[Landshut]], [[Germania]] (2002) * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Belgium.svg|20px|Belgica]] [[Mechlinia]], [[Belgia]] (1996) * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|Germania]] [[Marburgum]], [[Germania]] (2005) * [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20px|Francia]] [[Condate Redonum]], [[Francia]] (1999) * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Venezuela.svg|20px|Ventetiola]] [[Valentia (Venetiola)|Valentia]], [[Venetiola]] (1993) * [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Regnum Unitum]] [[Wirall]], [[Regnum Unitum]] (1994) * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Japan.svg|20px|Iaponia]] [[Takayama]], [[Iaponia]] (2012)<ref>[http://www.sibiu.ro/index.php/primaria/orase_infratite Descriptio communium coniunctionum in pagina officiali Cibinii]</ref> == Clari cives == === Nati === * [[Nicolaus Olachus]] (1494 - 1568), archiepiscopus [[Strigonium|Strigonii]]. * [[Melchior Cibinensis]], alchemista * [[Anscharius Pastior]] (1927 - 2006), scriptor * [[Gualterius Godofredus Seidner]] (natus 1938), pastor [[evangelismus|protestanticus]] et scriptor [[lingua Theodisca|linguae Theodiscae]] * [[Nicolaus Iohannis]] (natus 1959), praeses Romaniae ab anno [[2014]] === Mortui === * [[Samuel de Brukenthal]] (1721 - 1803), gubernator Transsilvaniae * [[Alexander Vaida-Voevod]] (1872 - 1950), rerum politicarum peritus === Cives honorii causa === * [[Franciscus Gualterius Steinmeier]] (*1956), minister rerum exterarum [[Germaniae]] (2015) === Incolae Cibinii ad tempus === * [[Andreas Cseh]], sacerdos catholicus et summus esperantista == Axiotheata == * [[Ecclesia cathedralis orthodoxa (Cibinii)|Ecclesia cathedralis orthodoxa]] * [[Ursulinarum fanum (Cibinium)|Ursulinarum fanum]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sibiu}} * [http://www.sibiu.ro/ Cibinii pagina officialis] * [http://www.sibiu2007.ro/ Cibinii pagina ut Europae culturae urbis anno 2007] * [http://nagyszeben.lap.hu Nexum collectio de Cibinio] == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Cibinium| ]] [[Categoria:Urbes Transsilvaniae]] 9ue3kpj39xop0azzohcga9kwt07nyvh 0 32003 3700037 3309166 2022-08-27T14:51:14Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Beata Maria Sacraria''' ([[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanice]] ''Maria Sagrario di S. Luigi Moragas Cantarero'' nata [[Toletum|Toleti]] die [[8 Ianuarii]] [[1881]]; mortua Padrera de S. Isidro [[Matritum|Matriti]] die [[15 Augusti]] [[1936]]) fuit [[virgo]], [[monacha]] [[Carmelitae|Carmelitana]], et [[martyr]], quae [[beatificatio|beatificata]] est ab [[Ioannes Paulus II|Ioanne Paulo II]] die [[10 Maii]] [[1998]]. == Nexus externi == * Miguel C. Vivancos Gómez, "[https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/22652/beata-maria-del-sagrario-de-san-luis-gonzaga Beata María del Sagrario de San Luis Gonzaga]" apud ''Real Academia de la Historia'' [[Categoria:Beati]] [[Categoria:Martyres]] [[Categoria:Nati 1881]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1936]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] podsgjo9l0aufmbsy9t704u9r6uvap4 0 34303 3700097 3278150 2022-08-27T19:16:17Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Henricus Pirenne''' (natus die [[23 Septembris]] [[1862]]; mortuus die [[25 Decembris]] [[1935]]) fuit [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] [[Belgia|Belgicus]], qui [[historia]]m [[Medium Aevum|Medii Aevii]] in [[Universitas Gandavensis|Universitate Gandavensi]] docuit. De historia [[Belgia|Belgica]] et de communium ortu scribere solebat. Clarissimum tamen opus eius est ''De Machometo et Carolo Magno,'' [[liber]] in quo [[Antiquitas|Aevum Antiquum]] cum [[Africa]], [[Italia]] meridionalis, et [[Hispania]] ab [[Arabi]]s invasae essent vere habuisse finem demonstrabat. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pirenne, Henricus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1862]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1935]] [[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]] [[Categoria:Historici Belgicae]] oa9zph3ir9dey3i1ah73kytnfv2iw96 3700098 3700097 2022-08-27T19:16:38Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Gandavensis]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Henricus Pirenne''' (natus die [[23 Septembris]] [[1862]]; mortuus die [[25 Decembris]] [[1935]]) fuit [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] [[Belgia|Belgicus]], qui [[historia]]m [[Medium Aevum|Medii Aevii]] in [[Universitas Gandavensis|Universitate Gandavensi]] docuit. De historia [[Belgia|Belgica]] et de communium ortu scribere solebat. Clarissimum tamen opus eius est ''De Machometo et Carolo Magno,'' [[liber]] in quo [[Antiquitas|Aevum Antiquum]] cum [[Africa]], [[Italia]] meridionalis, et [[Hispania]] ab [[Arabi]]s invasae essent vere habuisse finem demonstrabat. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pirenne, Henricus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1862]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1935]] [[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]] [[Categoria:Historici Belgicae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Gandavensis]] 8c0i0bryn0og2vh4g8t7dh19zcdapy1 3700099 3700098 2022-08-27T19:17:27Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Henricus Pirenne''' ([[Vervia]]e natus die [[23 Septembris]] [[1862]]; mortuus [[Uccla]]e die [[25 Decembris]] [[1935]]) fuit [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] [[Belgia|Belgicus]], qui [[historia]]m [[Medium Aevum|Medii Aevii]] in [[Universitas Gandavensis|Universitate Gandavensi]] docuit. De historia [[Belgia|Belgica]] et de communium ortu scribere solebat. Clarissimum tamen opus eius est ''De Machometo et Carolo Magno,'' [[liber]] in quo [[Antiquitas|Aevum Antiquum]] cum [[Africa]], [[Italia]] meridionalis, et [[Hispania]] ab [[Arabi]]s invasae essent vere habuisse finem demonstrabat. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pirenne, Henricus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1862]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1935]] [[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]] [[Categoria:Historici Belgicae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Gandavensis]] g8ddu9ilkaxiaupf1eajvwh5dvsboeq 0 34646 3700104 3552978 2022-08-27T19:22:29Z 2001:B07:6462:3B9C:C570:C6DF:DAD8:2824 Propera latina forma cognominis suis "Andreotti" non est, ergo illud commutavi wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Iulius Andreottus''' ([[Roma]]e natus die [[14 Ianuarii]] [[1919]]; ibidem die [[6 Maii]] [[2013]] mortuus) fuit [[vir publicus]] [[Italia|Italicus]] dilapsae factionis [[Democratia Christiana|Democratiae Christianae]], quem multi putant hominem rarissumi etiamsi non emendatissimi ingenii. Andreotti septies fuit praeses Consilii Ministrorum [[Italia|Rei Publicae Italiae]], octies [[Minister Defensionis]], quinquies [[Minister Negotiorum externorum]], bis Minister [[Aerarium Aerarii]], etc. Ab anno [[1946]] semper electus est in [[parabolamento]]{{dubsig}} Italico usque ad annum [[1991]], cum die [[1 Iunii]] Andreottus [[senator]] ad [[vita]]m a praeside [[Franciscus Cossiga|Francisco Cossiga]] creatus est. Andreottus, etiam [[historicus|rerum gestarum scriptor]], est in scribendo et in altercando cum aliquo aculeo et maledicto facetus. In crimen ob collusionem cum [[Mafia]] accusatus, numquam, praescriptione incumbente, damnatus est. == Administrationes quibus Iulius Andreotti praefuit == [[Fasciculus:G7 leaders 1978.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Bonna]]e anno [[1978]], [[Grex Octo Civitatum]] tunc septem Civitatum: Andreotti cum [[Takeo Fukuda]], [[Iacobus Carter|Iacobo Carter]], [[Helimutus Schmidt|Helimuto Schmidt]], [[Valerius Giscard d'Estaing|Valerio Giscard d'Estaing]]]] * I administratio a die [[17 Februarii]] [[1972]] usque ad diem [[26 Iunii]] [[1972]]; * II administratio a die [[26 Iunii]] [[1972]] usque ad diem [[7 Iulii]] [[1973]]; * III administratio a die [[29 Iulii]] [[1976]] usque ad diem [[11 Martii]] [[1978]]; * IV administratio a die [[11 Martii]] [[1978]] usque ad diem [[20 Martii]] [[1979]]; * V administratio a die [[20 Martii]] [[1979]] usque ad diem [[4 Augusti]] [[1979]]; * VI administratio a die [[22 Iulii]] [[1989]] usque ad diem [[12 Aprilis]] [[1991]]; * VII administratio a die [[12 Aprilis]] [[1991]] usque ad diem [[28 Iunii]] [[1992]] == Pelliculae == * [[2008]] - [[Il Divo (pellicula)|Il Divo]] == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Giulio Andreotti|Iulium Andreotti}} * [http://www.senato.it/leg/14/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00000074.htm Biographia] in Senatus Italici pagina interretialis {{Primi ministri Italiae}} {{Ministri pro patrimonio Italici}} {{Ministri munitionis Italici}} {{Ministri rerum externarum Italici}} {{Lifetime|1919|2013|Andreotti, Iulius}} [[Categoria:Praesides Consilii Ministrorum Italiae]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae]] 26vdwt3a8h0jmokvozvad11drrc3t9n 3700120 3700104 2022-08-27T20:15:40Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Recensiones a conlatore [[Special:Contributions/2001:B07:6462:3B9C:C570:C6DF:DAD8:2824|2001:B07:6462:3B9C:C570:C6DF:DAD8:2824]] ([[User talk:2001:B07:6462:3B9C:C570:C6DF:DAD8:2824|Disputatio]]) factas in superiorem redactionem a conlatore [[User:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] factam restitui wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Iulius Andreotti''' ([[Roma]]e natus die [[14 Ianuarii]] [[1919]]; ibidem die [[6 Maii]] [[2013]] mortuus) fuit [[vir publicus]] [[Italia|Italicus]] dilapsae factionis [[Democratia Christiana|Democratiae Christianae]], quem multi putant hominem rarissumi etiamsi non emendatissimi ingenii. Andreotti septies fuit praeses Consilii Ministrorum [[Italia|Rei Publicae Italiae]], octies [[Minister Defensionis]], quinquies [[Minister Negotiorum externorum]], bis Minister [[Aerarium Aerarii]], etc. Ab anno [[1946]] semper electus est in [[parabolamento]]{{dubsig}} Italico usque ad annum [[1991]], cum die [[1 Iunii]] Andreotti [[senator]] ad [[vita]]m a praeside [[Franciscus Cossiga|Francisco Cossiga]] creatus est. Andreotti, etiam [[historicus|rerum gestarum scriptor]], est in scribendo et in altercando cum aliquo aculeo et maledicto facetus. In crimen ob collusionem cum [[Mafia]] accusatus, numquam, praescriptione incumbente, damnatus est. == Administrationes quibus Iulius Andreotti praefuit == [[Fasciculus:G7 leaders 1978.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Bonna]]e anno [[1978]], [[Grex Octo Civitatum]] tunc septem Civitatum: Andreotti cum [[Takeo Fukuda]], [[Iacobus Carter|Iacobo Carter]], [[Helimutus Schmidt|Helimuto Schmidt]], [[Valerius Giscard d'Estaing|Valerio Giscard d'Estaing]]]] * I administratio a die [[17 Februarii]] [[1972]] usque ad diem [[26 Iunii]] [[1972]]; * II administratio a die [[26 Iunii]] [[1972]] usque ad diem [[7 Iulii]] [[1973]]; * III administratio a die [[29 Iulii]] [[1976]] usque ad diem [[11 Martii]] [[1978]]; * IV administratio a die [[11 Martii]] [[1978]] usque ad diem [[20 Martii]] [[1979]]; * V administratio a die [[20 Martii]] [[1979]] usque ad diem [[4 Augusti]] [[1979]]; * VI administratio a die [[22 Iulii]] [[1989]] usque ad diem [[12 Aprilis]] [[1991]]; * VII administratio a die [[12 Aprilis]] [[1991]] usque ad diem [[28 Iunii]] [[1992]] == Pelliculae == * [[2008]] - [[Il Divo (pellicula)|Il Divo]] == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Giulio Andreotti|Iulium Andreotti}} * [http://www.senato.it/leg/14/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00000074.htm Biographia] in Senatus Italici pagina interretialis {{Primi ministri Italiae}} {{Ministri pro patrimonio Italici}} {{Ministri munitionis Italici}} {{Ministri rerum externarum Italici}} {{Lifetime|1919|2013|Andreotti, Iulius}} [[Categoria:Praesides Consilii Ministrorum Italiae]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae]] 52orfbs029oo0agn3cmc08qsev1kkg0 3700146 3700120 2022-08-27T21:06:26Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Iulius Andreotti''' ([[Roma]]e natus die [[14 Ianuarii]] [[1919]]; ibidem die [[6 Maii]] [[2013]] mortuus) fuit [[vir publicus]] [[Italia|Italicus]] dilapsae factionis [[Democratia Christiana|Democratiae Christianae]], quem multi putant hominem rarissumi etiamsi non emendatissimi ingenii. Andreotti septies fuit praeses Consilii Ministrorum [[Italia|Rei Publicae Italiae]], octies [[Minister Defensionis]], quinquies [[Minister Negotiorum externorum]], bis Minister [[Aerarium Aerarii]], etc. Ab anno [[1946]] semper electus est in [[parabolamento]]{{dubsig}} Italico usque ad annum [[1991]], cum die [[1 Iunii]] Andreotti [[senator]] ad [[vita]]m a praeside [[Franciscus Cossiga|Francisco Cossiga]] creatus est. Andreotti, etiam [[historicus|rerum gestarum scriptor]], est in scribendo et in altercando cum aliquo aculeo et maledicto facetus. In crimen ob collusionem cum [[Mafia]] accusatus, numquam, praescriptione incumbente, damnatus est. == Administrationes quibus Iulius Andreotti praefuit == [[Fasciculus:G7 leaders 1978.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Bonna]]e anno [[1978]], [[Grex Octo Civitatum]] tunc septem Civitatum: Andreotti cum [[Takeo Fukuda]], [[Iacobus Carter|Iacobo Carter]], [[Helimutus Schmidt|Helimuto Schmidt]], [[Valerius Giscard d'Estaing|Valerio Giscard d'Estaing]]]] * I administratio a die [[17 Februarii]] [[1972]] usque ad diem [[26 Iunii]] [[1972]]; * II administratio a die [[26 Iunii]] [[1972]] usque ad diem [[7 Iulii]] [[1973]]; * III administratio a die [[29 Iulii]] [[1976]] usque ad diem [[11 Martii]] [[1978]]; * IV administratio a die [[11 Martii]] [[1978]] usque ad diem [[20 Martii]] [[1979]]; * V administratio a die [[20 Martii]] [[1979]] usque ad diem [[4 Augusti]] [[1979]]; * VI administratio a die [[22 Iulii]] [[1989]] usque ad diem [[12 Aprilis]] [[1991]]; * VII administratio a die [[12 Aprilis]] [[1991]] usque ad diem [[28 Iunii]] [[1992]] == Pelliculae == * [[2008]] - [[Il Divo (pellicula)|Il Divo]] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Communia|Giulio Andreotti|Iulium Andreotti}} * [http://www.senato.it/leg/14/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00000074.htm Biographia] in Senatus Italici pagina interretialis {{Primi ministri Italiae}} {{Ministri pro patrimonio Italici}} {{Ministri munitionis Italici}} {{Ministri rerum externarum Italici}} {{Lifetime|1919|2013|Andreotti, Iulius}} [[Categoria:Praesides Consilii Ministrorum Italiae]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae]] srhv9cutgdfxgr1kjfpy7qzy8x1ffbi 3700147 3700146 2022-08-27T21:07:14Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Iulius Andreotti''' ([[Roma]]e natus die [[14 Ianuarii]] [[1919]]; ibidem die [[6 Maii]] [[2013]] mortuus) fuit [[vir publicus]] [[Italia|Italicus]] dilapsae factionis [[Democratia Christiana|Democratiae Christianae]], quem multi putant hominem rarissumi etiamsi non emendatissimi ingenii. Andreotti septies fuit praeses Consilii Ministrorum [[Italia|Rei Publicae Italiae]], octies [[Minister Defensionis]], quinquies [[Minister Negotiorum externorum]], bis Minister [[Aerarium Aerarii]], etc. Ab anno [[1946]] semper electus est in parlamento Italico usque ad annum [[1991]], cum die [[1 Iunii]] Andreotti [[senator]] ad [[vita]]m a praeside [[Franciscus Cossiga|Francisco Cossiga]] creatus est. Andreotti, etiam [[historicus|rerum gestarum scriptor]], est in scribendo et in altercando cum aliquo aculeo et maledicto facetus. In crimen ob collusionem cum [[Mafia]] accusatus, numquam, praescriptione incumbente, damnatus est. == Administrationes quibus Iulius Andreotti praefuit == [[Fasciculus:G7 leaders 1978.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Bonna]]e anno [[1978]], [[Grex Octo Civitatum]] tunc septem Civitatum: Andreotti cum [[Takeo Fukuda]], [[Iacobus Carter|Iacobo Carter]], [[Helimutus Schmidt|Helimuto Schmidt]], [[Valerius Giscard d'Estaing|Valerio Giscard d'Estaing]]]] * I administratio a die [[17 Februarii]] [[1972]] usque ad diem [[26 Iunii]] [[1972]]; * II administratio a die [[26 Iunii]] [[1972]] usque ad diem [[7 Iulii]] [[1973]]; * III administratio a die [[29 Iulii]] [[1976]] usque ad diem [[11 Martii]] [[1978]]; * IV administratio a die [[11 Martii]] [[1978]] usque ad diem [[20 Martii]] [[1979]]; * V administratio a die [[20 Martii]] [[1979]] usque ad diem [[4 Augusti]] [[1979]]; * VI administratio a die [[22 Iulii]] [[1989]] usque ad diem [[12 Aprilis]] [[1991]]; * VII administratio a die [[12 Aprilis]] [[1991]] usque ad diem [[28 Iunii]] [[1992]] == Pelliculae == * [[2008]] - [[Il Divo (pellicula)|Il Divo]] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Communia|Giulio Andreotti|Iulium Andreotti}} * [http://www.senato.it/leg/14/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00000074.htm Biographia] in Senatus Italici pagina interretialis {{Primi ministri Italiae}} {{Ministri pro patrimonio Italici}} {{Ministri munitionis Italici}} {{Ministri rerum externarum Italici}} {{Lifetime|1919|2013|Andreotti, Iulius}} [[Categoria:Praesides Consilii Ministrorum Italiae]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae]] hwjfqahh3i1v2v3t8m6kcixcwsicg0n 0 35028 3700176 3302247 2022-08-28T00:40:25Z 2804:389:D03B:94F9:A444:A05D:9C59:DADE /* Praeclari canistripilae ludi lusores */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Basketball game.jpg|thumb|Canistriludii certamen inter [[Exercitus|Exercitum]] et [[Classis (nautica)|Classicosque]] Americanos.]] '''Canistriludium,'''<ref>De verbis artis propriis, vide Morgan: "'''basketball''' / ludus bascaudarius* [Soc. Lat.] | '''make a basket''' follem per bascaudam iacere [Eichenseer] (Helf.) <nowiki>]]</nowiki> follis bascaudarius (Alb. Imag.) <nowiki>]]</nowiki> canistripila, canistrifollis, pilae (v. follis) canistrique ludus (LRL) <nowiki>]]</nowiki> pilae canistrique lusus, follis canistrique lusus (Lev.) <"Bascauda" nec "canistrum" significasse (potius "ahenum," "pelvim"), nec cognationem etymologicam cum vocabulo Anglico "basket" habet, teste OED. Hoc apud Forcellinum: "bascauda, ae, f., catinus, conca, vas Anglicum, in quo calices et cacabus lavabantur." LS soli, inter lexicographos quos consului, "bascaudam" per "basket" reddunt, fisi scilicet etymologiae obsoletae.>"</ref> vel '''ludus bascaudarius,''' et cetera, est [[pila|follis]] ludus a Doctore [[Iacobus Naismith|Iacobo Naismith]] inventus mense Decembri [[1891]] [[Campifons (Massachusetta)|Campifonti]] [[Massachusetta]]e in [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]]. [[Fasciculus:Boisko koszykowki FIBA 2010.svg|thumb|left|Campus canistriludi]] Ludus in [[aedificium|aedificio]] inter [[duo|duas]] turmas [[quinque]] lusorum actus est. Sunt duo canistra a quoque latere plani lusori sita. Turmae certantur ut saepius [[canistripila]]m in canistrum manus adversarii imponant per tempus quod ludus durat. Sunt soli duo modi quo canistripila in plano ludi moventur: aut follem per aërem iactando aut ambulando eam a ludi plano repercutiendo. ==Praeclari canistripilae ludi lusores== [[Fasciculus:Wilt Chamberlain Bill Russell 2.jpg|thumb|[[Wilt Chamberlain]] (tunicula alba) et [[Gulielmus Russell]] (tunicula viride) anno 1966 certant.]] {{div col|2}} * [[Laurentius Bird]] * [[Wilt Chamberlain]] * [[Robertus Cousy]] * [[LeBron James]] * [[Magicus Johnson]] * [[Michael Jordan]] * [[Dionysius Rodman]] * [[Gulielmus Russell]] * [[Ioannes Stockton]] * [[Patricia Summitt]] * [[Kareem Abdul-Jabbar]] * [[Carolus Barkley]] * [[Carolus Malone]] * [[Guglielmus Russell]] * [[Kobe Bryant]] * [[Stephanus Curry]] * [[Shaquille O'Neal]] * [[Anscharius Schmidt]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== * {{Cite book |last =Adolph H |first= Grundman |year =[[2004]] |title =The golden age of amateur basketball: the AAU Tournament, 1921–1968 |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=kHVGigFqcNkC&lpg=PP1&dq=Basketball&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|isbn= 0-8032-7117-4 }} * {{Cite book |last = Batchelor|first =Bob |year =[[2005]] |title = Basketball in America: from the playgrounds to Jordan's game and beyond|url = http://books.google.ca/books?id=v8r__pvCopgC&lpg=PP1&dq=history%20of%20Basketball&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-7890-1613-3 }} * {{Cite book |last =Brown |first =Donald H. |year =[[2007]] |title =A Basketball Handbook |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=YJmsqtj-rh4C&lpg=PA6&dq=history%20of%20Basketball&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn= 978-1-4259-6190-9}} * {{Cite book |last =Forrest C. |first = Allen|year =[[1991]] |title =All you wanted to know about Basketball |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=FMbE6oVIP-0C&lpg=PP1&dq=Basketball&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Sterling publishing |isbn=81-207-2576-X }} * {{Cite book |last = Grundy|first =Pamela |coauthors= Susan Shackelford|year =[[2005]] |title =Shattering the glass: the remarkable history of women's basketball |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=ZfS_3MUPBXoC&lpg=PP1&dq=history%20of%20Basketball&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=New Press |isbn= 1-56584-822-5}} * {{Cite book |last = Herzog|first =Brad |year =[[2003]] |title =Hoopmania: The Book of Basketball History and Trivia|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=oH8uK4Sn_BoC&lpg=PP1&dq=history%20of%20Basketball&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Rosen Pub. Group|isbn=0-8239-3697-X }} *{{Cite book |last = Simmons |first = Bill |year =[[2009]] |title =The book of basketball: the NBA according to the sports guy |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=-4IMN7pCebwC&lpg=PA269&dq=history%20of%20Basketball&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Ballantine/ESPN Books |isbn=978-0-345-51176-8 }} *{{Cite book |last = Naismith|first =James |year =[[1941]], [[1996]] |title =Basketball: its origin and development |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=yDKtaGdhZncC&lpg=PP1&dq=James%20Naismith&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=University of Nebraska Press|isbn=0-8032-8370-9 }} ==Nexus externi== ;Historia *[http://www.naismithmuseum.com/ Naismith Museum & Basketball Hall of Fame – Almonte, ON,] www.naismithmuseum.com *[http://www.hoophall.com/ Basketball Hall of Fame – Springfield, MA,] www.hoophall.com *[http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/pm.php?id=story_line&lg=English&fl=0&ex=00000176&sl=3555&pos=1 Hometown Sports Heroes,] www.virtualmuseum.ca ;Societates athleticae *[http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/programme/index_uk.asp?SportCode=BK Basketball at the Olympic Games,] www.olympic.org *[http://www.fiba.com/ International Basketball Federation,] www.fiba.com *[http://www.nba.com/ National Basketball Association,] www.nba.com *[http://www.wnba.com/ Women's National Basketball Association,] www.wnba.com *[http://www.cbahoopsonline.com/ Continental Basketball Association,] www.cbahoopsonline.com (vererrimum canistriludi professionalis foedus in orbe terrarum)] *[http://www.nwba.org/ National Wheelchair Basketball Association,] www.nwba.org ;Aliae res<!-- *{{dmoz|Sports/Basketball|Basketball}} *{{yahoo directory|Recreation/Sports/Basketball/|Basketball}}--> *[http://www.basketball.com Basketball,] basketball.com *[http://www.basketball-reference.com Basketbal; Reference,] basketball-reference.com *[http://www.eurobasket.com Eurobasket,] eurobasket.com *[http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques_JKL/Plaque_Lanark03.html "Ontario historical plaque – Dr. James Naismith,"] www.ontarioplaques.com [[Categoria:Artes athleticae in Civitatibus Foederatis ortae]] [[Categoria:Ludi athletici]]<!--PRO TEM--> {{1000 paginae}}<!-- + [[Categoria:1891 introductions]] [[Category:Team sports]] --> {{Myrias|Anthropologia}} m82xdbgfur1ctp2uihul8yvvrqon7hb 0 43736 3700021 3395189 2022-08-27T13:49:59Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Opera */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Martinus Litchfield West''' (titulis librorum Anglicis seu ''M. L. West'' seu ''Martin West''; natus die [[23 Septembris]] [[1937]]; [[Oxonia]]e mortuus die [[13 Iulii]] [[2015]]) fuit [[philologia|philologus]] Britannus qui carminum Graecorum archaicorum originibus et contextibus praecipue studuit. Alumnus fuit [[Schola Sancti Pauli Coletina|scholae S. Pauli Coletinae]] [[Londinium|Londiniensis]] atque [[Collegium de Balliolo (Oxonia)|Collegii de Balliolo]] [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Oxoniensis]]. Fuit olim professor apud [[Collegium Bedford Londiniense]], socius [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Britannicae]], eruditus [[litterae Graecae|litteraturae Graecae]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|antiquae]]. ==Opera== ; Libri ab M. L. West scripti * ''Early Greek Philosophy and the Orient'' (Oxonii: Clarendon Press 1971; versio Italica, Bononiae 1993) * ''Textual Criticism and Editorial Technique Applicable to Greek and Latin Texts'' (Stutgardiae: Teubner 1973; versio Graeca, Athenis 1989; versio Italica, Panormi 1991; versio Hungarica, Budapestini 1999) * ''Studies in Greek Elegy and Iambus'' (Berolini: Walter de Gruyter 1974) * ''Immortal Helen: an inaugural lecture delivered on 30 April 1975'' (Londinii: Bedford College 1975. ISBN 0-900145-30-7) * ''Greek Metre'' (Oxonii 1982. ISBN 0-19-814018-5) * ''The Orphic Poems'' (Oxonii: Clarendon Press 1983. ISBN 0-19-814854-2; versio Italica, Neapoli 1993) * ''The Hesiodic Catalogue of Women: Its Nature, Structure, and Origins'' (Oxonii: Clarendon Press 1985. ISBN 0-19-814034-7) * ''Introduction to Greek Metre'' (Oxonii: Clarendon Press 1987. ISBN 0-19-872132-3) * ''Studies in Aeschylus'' (Stutgardiae: Teubner 1990. ISBN 3-519-07450-8) * ''Ancient Greek Music'' (Oxonii: Clarendon Press 1992. ISBN 0-19-814897-6; versio Graeca, Athenis 1999) * ''Die griechische Dichterin: Bild und Rolle''. Stutgardiae: B.G. Teubner 1996. ISBN 3-519-07554-7) * ''The East Face of Helicon: West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth'' (Oxonii: Clarendon Press 1997. ISBN 0-19-815042-3) * ''Studies in the text and transmission of the Iliad''. (Monaci: K.G. Saur 2001. ISBN 3-598-73005-5) * ''Indo-European Poetry and Myth'' (Oxonii: Oxford University Press 2007. ISBN 978-0199280759) ; Editiones et versiones * [[Hesiodus|Hesiod]], ''[[Theogonia|Theogony]]'' (Oxonii: Clarendon Press 1966) * (cum R. Merkelbach) ''Fragmenta Hesiodea'' (Oxonii: Clarendon Press 1967) * ''Iambi et elegi Graeci ante Alexandrum cantati'' (Oxonii: Clarendon Press 1971-1972; editio nova 1989-1992; in uno volumine impressa 1998. ISBN 0198152663) * ''Sing Me, Goddess; being the first recitation of Homer's Iliad'' (versio. Londinii: Duckworth 1971. ISBN 0-7156-0595-X) * ''[[Theognis|Theognidis]] et [[Phocylides|Phocylidis]] fragmenta et adespota quaedam gnomica'' (Berolini: Walter de Gruyter 1978) * [[Hesiodus|Hesiod]], ''[[Opera et dies|Works and Days]]'' (Oxonii: Clarendon Press 1978) * ''Delectus ex iambis et elegis Graecis'' ([[Scriptorum Classicorum bibliotheca Oxoniensis]]. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 1980. ISBN 0-19-814589-6) * ''[[Anacreontea|Carmina Anacreontea]]'' ([[Bibliotheca Teubneriana]]. Lipsiae: Teubner 1984; editio correctior 1993. ISBN 3-8154-1025-8) * [[Euripides]], ''[[Orestes (Euripides)|Orestes]]'' (Warminster: Aris & Phillips 1987. ISBN 0-85668-310-8) * [[Hesiodus|Hesiod]], ''Theogony and Works and Days'' (versio. Oxonii: Oxford University Press 1988. ISBN 0-19-281788-4 * [[Aeschylus]], ''Tragoediae cum incerti poetae Prometheo'' ([[Bibliotheca Teubneriana]]. Stutgardiae: Teubner 1990. ISBN 3-519-01013-5) * ''Greek Lyric Poetry. The poems and fragments of the Greek iambic, elegiac, and melic poets (excluding Pindar and Bacchylides) down to 450 B.C.'' (versio. Oxonii: Oxford University Press 1993. ISBN 0-19-282360-4) * ''[[Homerus|Homeri]] [[Ilias]]'' ([[Bibliotheca Teubneriana]]. Lipsiae etc.: Teubner, Saur, 1998-2000) * ''Studies in the Text and Transmission of the Iliad'' (Lipsiae: Saur 2001. ISBN 3-598-73005-5) * (cum Egert Pöhlmann) : ''Documents of Ancient Greek Music: The Extant Melodies and Fragments, edited and transcribed with commentary. Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 2001 * ''Homeric Hymns, Homeric Apocrypha, Lives of Homer'' (editio cum versione. [[Loeb Classical Library]]. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press 2003. ISBN 0-674-99606-2) * ''Greek Epic Fragments from the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC'' (editio cum versione. [[Loeb Classical Library]]. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press 2003. ISBN 0-674-99605-4) ; Commentationes selectae * [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0009-8388%28196411%292%3A14%3A2%3C165%3ATMARMO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-J The Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts of Hesiod's "Theogony"], ''Classical Quarterly'' 14, 1964, 165-89; * Conjectures on 46 Greek Poets, ''Philologus'' 110, 1996, 147-68; * [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0009-8388%28196711%292%3A17%3A2%3C433%3ATCOHAH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K The Contest of Homer and Hesiod], ''Classical Quarterly'' 17, 1967, 433-50; * [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0073-0688%281969%2973%3C113%3ANEMIHA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P Near Eastern Material in Hellenistic and Roman Literature], ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'' 73, 1968, 113-34; * [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0009-8388%28197111%292%3A21%3A2%3C302%3AS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5 Stesichorus], ''Classical Quarterly'' 21, 1971, 302-14; * [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0009-8388%28197111%292%3A21%3A2%3C365%3ATCO%27DH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7 The Cosmology of "Hippocrates", De Hebdomadibus], ''Classical Quarterly'' 21, 1971, 365-88; * Indo-European Metre, ''Glotta'' 51, 1973, 161-87; * [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0009-8388%28197311%292%3A23%3A2%3C179%3AGP2BC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7 Greek Poetry 2000-700 B.C.], ''Classical Quarterly'' 23, 1973, 179-92; * [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0009-8388%28197412%292%3A24%3A2%3C161%3ATMMOTW%3E2.0.CO%3B2-J The Medieval Manuscripts of the "Works and Days"], ''Classical Quarterly'' 24, 1974, 161-85; * Tragica I-VII, ''Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies'' 24, 1977, 89-103; 25, 1978, 106-22; 26, 1979, 104-17; 27, 1980, 9-22; 28, 1981, 61-78; 30, 1983, 63-82; 31, 1984, 171-96; * [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0075-4269%281979%2999%3C130%3ATPT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5 The Prometheus Trilogy], ''Journal of Hellenic Studies'' 99, 1979, 130-48; * [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0075-4269%281988%29108%3C151%3ATROTGE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-H The Rise of the Greek Epic], ''Journal of Hellenic Studies'' 108, 1988, 151-72; * [http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/ifa/zpe/downloads/1992/092pdf/092001.pdf Analecta Musica], ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' 92, 1992, 1-54; * [http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/ifa/zpe/downloads/1993/098pdf/098001.pdf Simonides Redivivus], ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' 98, 1993, 1-14; * The Babylonian Musical Notation and the Hurrian Melodic Texts, ''Music and Letters'' 75, 1993/4, 161-79; * [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0009-8388%281994%292%3A44%3A2%3C289%3AAOOSAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-U "Ab Ovo". Orpheus, Sanchuniathon, and the Origins of the Ionian World Model], ''Classical Quarterly'' 44, 1994, 289-307; * The Date of the "Iliad", ''Museum Helveticum'' 52, 1995, 203-19; * Akkadian Poetry: Metre and Performance, ''Iraq'' 59, 1997, 175-87; * Towards Monotheism, in P. Athanassiadi and M. Frede (edd.), ''Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity'', Oxford 1999, 20-40; * [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0009-8388%281999%292%3A49%3A2%3C364%3ATIOH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1 The Invention of Homer], ''Classical Quarterly'' 49, 1999, 364-82 == Bibliographia == * Jane L. Lightfoot, "[http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/aug/13/martin-west Martin West obituary]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (13 Augusti 2015) ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.classics.ox.ac.uk/faculty/directory/facdetails.asp#W De M. L. West] * [http://www.balzan.it/premiati.aspx?Codice=0000000162&lang=en&show=1&from=0000000162&from2=10 De praemio instituti Balzan] * [http://www.britac.ac.uk/misc/medals/kenyon.html De praemio Kenyon apud Academiam Britannicam] {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:West, M. L.}} [[Categoria:Nati 1937]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Homerici]] [[Categoria:Philologi Homerici]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Graeco-Anglici]] [[Categoria:Recensores]] [[Categoria:Philologi Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Britannicae]] [[Categoria:Socii collegiorum Oxoniensium]] [[Categoria:Professores Collegii Bedford Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Mortui 2015]] [[Categoria:Alumni Scholae Sancti Pauli Coletinae]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Oxoniensis]] prnvzcehpjczqg56afa5fbyhl9gg9g3 0 44612 3700105 3303761 2022-08-27T19:25:09Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Non stipula}} '''Pelagonius''' ([[Graece]] Πελαγόνιος) fuit [[veterinarius]] qui praecipue de [[morbus|morbis]] [[equus|equorum]] [[saeculum 4|saeculo quarto]] scripsit. == Opera == * Maximus Ihm (editor): ''Pelagonii Ars veterinariae''. [[Lipsia]]e anno [[1892]]. * Klaus-Dietrich Fischer (editor): ''Pelagonii Ars veterinaria''. Teubner, [[Lipsia]]e anno [[1980]] == Bibliographia == * J. N. Adams: ''Pelagonius and Latin veterinary terminology in the Roman Empire''. Brill, [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]] anno 1995 (Studies in Ancient Medicine, 11), ISBN 90-04-10227-2 ([http://www.classics.ukzn.ac.za/reviews/99-01mis.html recensio]). * Pierre-Paul Corsetti: ''Un nouveau témoin de l’Ars veterinaria de Pelagonius''. In: ''Revue d’histoire des texte'' 19, 1989, p. 31–56. * Klaus-Dietrich Fischer: ''The first Latin treatise on horse medicine and its author Pelagonius Saloninus''. In: ''Medizinhistorisches Journal'' 16 (3), 1981, p. 215–226. * Klaus-Dietrich Fischer, Dietmar Najock: ''In Pelagonii artem veterinariam concordantiae''. Olms-Weidmann, Hildesheim anno 1983 (Alpha–Omega, Reihe A: Lexika, Indizes, Konkordanzen zur klassischen Philologie, 48), ISBN 3-487-07409-5. * Anne McCabe, ''A Byzantine encyclopaedia of horse medicine: the sources, compilation, and transmission of the "Hippiatrica"''. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-927755-1 * "[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DP%3Aentry+group%3D12%3Aentry%3Dpelagonius-bio-1 Pelagonius]" in {{Smith-bio}} * Karl Wilberg: ''Die Pferdeheilkunst des Pelagonius''. Dissertation [[Berolinum|Berolini]] anno 1943. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2510.html De Pelagonio in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, pp. 218] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Eruditi Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Veterinarii]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4 aut 5]] pg8i9ybkbpov0d5t5nrc56s1hkws1ml 3700106 3700105 2022-08-27T19:26:53Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Pelagonius Saloninus''' ([[Graece]] Πελαγόνιος) fuit [[veterinarius]] qui praecipue de [[morbus|morbis]] [[equus|equorum]] [[saeculum 4|saeculo quarto]] scripsit. == Opera == * Maximus Ihm (editor): ''Pelagonii Ars veterinariae''. [[Lipsia]]e anno [[1892]]. * Klaus-Dietrich Fischer (editor): ''Pelagonii Ars veterinaria''. Teubner, [[Lipsia]]e anno [[1980]] == Bibliographia == * J. N. Adams: ''Pelagonius and Latin veterinary terminology in the Roman Empire''. Brill, [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]] anno 1995 (Studies in Ancient Medicine, 11), ISBN 90-04-10227-2 ([http://www.classics.ukzn.ac.za/reviews/99-01mis.html recensio]). * Pierre-Paul Corsetti: ''Un nouveau témoin de l’Ars veterinaria de Pelagonius''. In: ''Revue d’histoire des texte'' 19, 1989, p. 31–56. * Klaus-Dietrich Fischer: ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11740152_The_first_Latin_treatise_on_horse_medicine_and_its_author_Pelagonius_Saloninus The first Latin treatise on horse medicine and its author Pelagonius Saloninus]''. In: ''Medizinhistorisches Journal'' 16 (3), 1981, p. 215–226. * Klaus-Dietrich Fischer, Dietmar Najock: ''In Pelagonii artem veterinariam concordantiae''. Olms-Weidmann, Hildesheim anno 1983 (Alpha–Omega, Reihe A: Lexika, Indizes, Konkordanzen zur klassischen Philologie, 48), ISBN 3-487-07409-5. * Anne McCabe, ''A Byzantine encyclopaedia of horse medicine: the sources, compilation, and transmission of the "Hippiatrica"''. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-927755-1 * "[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DP%3Aentry+group%3D12%3Aentry%3Dpelagonius-bio-1 Pelagonius]" in {{Smith-bio}} * Karl Wilberg: ''Die Pferdeheilkunst des Pelagonius''. Dissertation [[Berolinum|Berolini]] anno 1943. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2510.html De Pelagonio in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, pp. 218] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Eruditi Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Veterinarii]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4 aut 5]] obhl8g9fylw3s847aczpeufzwvyay7f 3700107 3700106 2022-08-27T19:44:56Z Andrew Dalby 1084 + wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Pelagonius Saloninus''' ([[Graece]] Πελαγόνιος) fuit auctor Latinus qui de re veterinaria atque praecipue de [[morbus|morbis]] [[equus|equorum]] scripsit. [[saeculum 4|Saeculo quarto]] floruisse censetur. Opus suum sub forma epistularum composuit, variis amicis rubricatarum, de quibus nihil in aliis fontibus refertur. Opera Latina [[Columella]]e et [[Cornelius Celsus|Celsi]], opera Graeca [[Apsyrtus|Apsyrti]] et [[Eumelus|Eumeli]] saepius citavit. == Opera == * Maximus Ihm (editor): ''Pelagonii Ars veterinariae''. [[Lipsia]]e anno [[1892]]. * Klaus-Dietrich Fischer (editor): ''Pelagonii Ars veterinaria''. Teubner, [[Lipsia]]e anno [[1980]] == Bibliographia == * J. N. Adams: ''Pelagonius and Latin veterinary terminology in the Roman Empire''. Brill, [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]] anno 1995 (Studies in Ancient Medicine, 11), ISBN 90-04-10227-2 ([http://www.classics.ukzn.ac.za/reviews/99-01mis.html recensio]). * Pierre-Paul Corsetti: ''Un nouveau témoin de l’Ars veterinaria de Pelagonius''. In: ''Revue d’histoire des texte'' 19, 1989, p. 31–56. * Klaus-Dietrich Fischer: ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11740152_The_first_Latin_treatise_on_horse_medicine_and_its_author_Pelagonius_Saloninus The first Latin treatise on horse medicine and its author Pelagonius Saloninus]''. In: ''Medizinhistorisches Journal'' 16 (3), 1981, p. 215–226. * Klaus-Dietrich Fischer, Dietmar Najock: ''In Pelagonii artem veterinariam concordantiae''. Olms-Weidmann, Hildesheim anno 1983 (Alpha–Omega, Reihe A: Lexika, Indizes, Konkordanzen zur klassischen Philologie, 48), ISBN 3-487-07409-5. * Anne McCabe, ''A Byzantine encyclopaedia of horse medicine: the sources, compilation, and transmission of the "Hippiatrica"''. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-927755-1 * "[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DP%3Aentry+group%3D12%3Aentry%3Dpelagonius-bio-1 Pelagonius]" in {{Smith-bio}} * Karl Wilberg: ''Die Pferdeheilkunst des Pelagonius''. Dissertation [[Berolinum|Berolini]] anno 1943. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2510.html De Pelagonio in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, pp. 218] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Eruditi Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Veterinarii]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4 aut 5]] snj2ue7wx8q22myezql590nuy8dgsu6 3700108 3700107 2022-08-27T19:46:47Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Pelagonius Saloninus''' ([[Graece]] Πελαγόνιος) fuit auctor Latinus qui de re veterinaria atque praecipue de [[morbus|morbis]] [[equus|equorum]] scripsit. [[saeculum 4|Saeculo quarto]] floruisse censetur. Opus suum sub forma epistularum composuit, variis amicis rubricatarum, de quibus nihil in aliis fontibus refertur. Opera Latina [[Columella]]e et [[Cornelius Celsus|Celsi]], opera Graeca [[Apsyrtus|Apsyrti]] et [[Eumelus|Eumeli]] saepius citavit. == Opera == * Maximus Ihm (editor): ''Pelagonii Ars veterinariae''. [[Lipsia]]e anno [[1892]]. * Klaus-Dietrich Fischer (editor): ''Pelagonii Ars veterinaria''. Teubner, [[Lipsia]]e anno [[1980]] == Bibliographia == * J. N. Adams: ''Pelagonius and Latin veterinary terminology in the Roman Empire''. Brill, [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]] anno 1995 (Studies in Ancient Medicine, 11), ISBN 90-04-10227-2 ([http://www.classics.ukzn.ac.za/reviews/99-01mis.html recensio]). * Pierre-Paul Corsetti: ''Un nouveau témoin de l’Ars veterinaria de Pelagonius''. In: ''Revue d’histoire des texte'' 19, 1989, p. 31–56. * Klaus-Dietrich Fischer: ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11740152_The_first_Latin_treatise_on_horse_medicine_and_its_author_Pelagonius_Saloninus The first Latin treatise on horse medicine and its author Pelagonius Saloninus]''. In: ''Medizinhistorisches Journal'' 16 (3), 1981, p. 215–226. * Klaus-Dietrich Fischer, Dietmar Najock: ''In Pelagonii artem veterinariam concordantiae''. Olms-Weidmann, Hildesheim anno 1983 (Alpha–Omega, Reihe A: Lexika, Indizes, Konkordanzen zur klassischen Philologie, 48), ISBN 3-487-07409-5. * Anne McCabe, ''A Byzantine encyclopaedia of horse medicine: the sources, compilation, and transmission of the "Hippiatrica"''. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-927755-1 * "[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DP%3Aentry+group%3D12%3Aentry%3Dpelagonius-bio-1 Pelagonius]" in {{Smith-bio}} * Karl Wilberg: ''Die Pferdeheilkunst des Pelagonius''. Dissertation [[Berolinum|Berolini]] anno 1943. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Eruditi Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Veterinarii]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4 aut 5]] 8b2wxdte0re1ji0qyrnghr0i0mvt6qb 0 55948 3700095 3538744 2022-08-27T19:10:48Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Statua di Carlo Porta.png|thumb|150px|Statua Caroli Porta in regione Mediolani quae dicitur "Verzee".]] '''Carolus Porta''' (natus [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] die [[15 Iunii]] [[1775]]; ibidem mortuus ex [[podagra]] die [[5 Ianuarii]] [[1821]]), [[mercator]]is Iosephi Porta [[filius]], fuit [[poeta]] [[Italia|Italicus]] more [[satira]]e et [[comoedia artis|comoediae artis]] qui [[Mediolanensis dialectus|dialecto Mediolanensi]] in [[poema]]tibus suis usus est. Anno 1964 Carola Guarisco editionem bilinguem carminum eius edidit, videlicet Mediolanensi et [[lingua Italiana|Italiane]]. == Opere == * ''I desgrazzi de Giovannin Bongee'' (1812) * ''La ninetta del Verzee'' (1814) * ''Lament del Marchionn di gamb avert'' (1816) == Bibliographia == * Carla Guarisco, ed., ''Le poesie''. Mediolani: Feltrinelli, 1964 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Porta, Carolus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1775]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1821]] [[Categoria:Auctores Italiani]] [[Categoria:Auctores qui dialectis vulgaribus usi sunt]] [[Categoria:Poetae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Italiae]] 1rjow9x7t9a63ygenz6ygx8jknl5hys 0 56316 3700096 3293364 2022-08-27T19:15:08Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcus Pomponius Maecius Probus''' (nescimus quo anno natus mortuusve sit) fuit senator Romanus tertio saeculo. Fuit consul ordinarius anno [[228]], eodem anno quo [[Quintus Aiacius Modestus Crescentianus]], [[Alexander Severus|Alexandro Severo]] imperante. Imperator ipse successor ad consulatum fuerit. == Bibliographia == * Margaret M. Roxan, ''Roman Military Diplomas 1978 to 1984'' (Londinii: Institute of Archaeology, 1985) р. 207 {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Marcus Nummius Senecio Albinus]] et [[Marcus Laelius Fulvius Maximus Aemilianus]]| annus= 228<br />cum<br />[[Quintus Aiacius Modestus Crescentianus|Quinto Aiacio Modesto Crescentiano]]| successores= [[Alexander Severus|Imp. Caesar Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus]] III et [[Dio Cassius|Lucius Claudius Cassius Dio Cocceianus]] II}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pomponius Maecius Probus, Marcus}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 2 aut 3]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 3]] 8nn5ja95ilnemv34glvt9p40y9wq0ts 0 56456 3700132 3699882 2022-08-27T20:36:16Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videhom|Mons Cantalinus}} [[Image:Cantal_03.jpg|thumb|Caseus "Cantalinus inter duos" (''Cantal entre-deux'')]] [[Image:Cantal vieux 01.jpg|thumb|Caseus Cantalinus valde vetus]] '''Caseus Cantalinus''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Cantal'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. A monte praefecturaque [[Mons Cantalinus|Cantalino]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== Caseus sub nominibus ''Cantal'', ''[[Fourme de Cantal]]'', ''[[Cantalet]]'' in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri. Hoc caseus ab anno [[1956]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabat. Ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habet. == Bibliographia == * Angelique Chrisafis, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/13/production-french-salers-cheese-halted-drought Production of French salers cheese halted due to drought]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (13 Augusti 2022) ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Commonscat|Cantal (cheese)|Cantal (caseus)}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Mons Cantalinus]] lu6hx1q9sg9c3dzji795ck8yqkk6h2a 3700137 3700132 2022-08-27T20:48:46Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videhom|Mons Cantalinus}} [[Image:Cantal_03.jpg|thumb|Caseus "Cantalinus inter duos" (''Cantal entre-deux'')]] '''Caseus Cantalinus''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Cantal'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. A monte praefecturaque [[Mons Cantalinus|Cantalino]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== [[Image:Cantal vieux 01.jpg|thumb|Caseus Cantalinus valde vetus]] Caseus sub nominibus ''Cantal'', ''[[Fourme de Cantal]]'', ''[[Cantalet]]'' in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri. Hoc caseus ab anno [[1956]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabat. Ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habet. == Bibliographia == * Angelique Chrisafis, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/13/production-french-salers-cheese-halted-drought Production of French salers cheese halted due to drought]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (13 Augusti 2022) ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Commonscat|Cantal (cheese)|Cantal (caseus)}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Mons Cantalinus]] 8pyo2dmoep1gxsx8qdb32tws85cz515 3700142 3700137 2022-08-27T20:54:18Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videhom|Mons Cantalinus}} [[Image:Cantal_03.jpg|thumb|Caseus "Cantalinus inter duos" (''Cantal entre-deux'')]] '''Caseus Cantalinus'''{{Convertimus}} ([[Francogallice]] ''Cantal'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. A monte praefecturaque [[Mons Cantalinus|Cantalino]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== [[Image:Cantal vieux 01.jpg|thumb|Caseus Cantalinus valde vetus]] Caseus sub nominibus ''Cantal'', ''[[Fourme de Cantal]]'', ''[[Cantalet]]'' in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri. Hoc caseus ab anno [[1956]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabat. Ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habet. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Angelique Chrisafis, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/13/production-french-salers-cheese-halted-drought Production of French salers cheese halted due to drought]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (13 Augusti 2022) ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Commonscat|Cantal (cheese)|caseum Cantalinum}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Mons Cantalinus]] tfsrk07mwac32k3gmstk2k7j8r33vv8 0 56466 3700124 3699884 2022-08-27T20:30:57Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Changed redirect target from [[Caseus Cantalinus]] to [[Caseus de Gleola]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Caseus de Gleola]] a863c0hot4lwpegopm4n8486msdkmya 0 56487 3700123 3699885 2022-08-27T20:30:33Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Changed redirect target from [[Caseus Cantalinus]] to [[Caseus Salernensis]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Caseus Salernensis]] 5ejo9k3esidvc2kce0vjeaid82aantw 0 56535 3700088 3294313 2022-08-27T18:56:38Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gaius''' (?) '''Ragonius Venustus''' senator Romanus tertio saeculo fuit. Quando natus mortuusve sit, nescimus; gens Ragonia ex [[Opitergium|Opitergio]] orta est. Ragonius Venustus anno [[238]] praetor, anno [[240]] consul ordinarius creatus est eodem anno quo [[Gaius Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus]], successor imperatori [[Gordianus III|Gordiano III]], qui ipse rursus anno [[241]] consulatum susceperit. [[Lucius Ragonius Quintianus]], [[consul]] anni [[289]] fortasse eius nepos fuerit. {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Gordianus III|Imp. Caesar Marcus Antonius Gordianus Augustus]] et [[Manius Acilius Aviola]]| annus= 240<br />cum<br />[[Gaius Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus|Gaio Octavio Appio Suetrio Sabino]]| successores= [[Gordianus III|Imp. Caesar Marcus Antonius Gordianus Augustus]] II et [[Clodius Pompeianus]]}} [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 2 aut 3]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 3]] [[Categoria:Gens Ragonia]] [[Categoria:Praetores]] djqejw62kehh9pzdcdwmnqid3emzd4z 3700089 3700088 2022-08-27T18:57:56Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gaius''' (?) '''Ragonius Venustus''' senator Romanus tertio saeculo fuit. Quando natus mortuusve sit, nescimus; gens Ragonia ex [[Opitergium|Opitergio]] orta est. Ragonius Venustus anno [[238]] praetor, anno [[240]] consul ordinarius creatus est eodem anno quo [[Gaius Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus]], successor imperatori [[Gordianus III|Gordiano III]], qui ipse rursus anno [[241]] consulatum susceperit. [[Lucius Ragonius Quintianus]], [[consul]] anni [[289]] fortasse eius nepos fuerit. == Bibliographia == * X. Loriot, "Les consuls ordinaires de l'année 240 de notre ère" in ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' vol. 12 (1973) p. 258 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20180568 JSTOR] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Gordianus III|Imp. Caesar Marcus Antonius Gordianus Augustus]] et [[Manius Acilius Aviola]]| annus= 240<br />cum<br />[[Gaius Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus|Gaio Octavio Appio Suetrio Sabino]]| successores= [[Gordianus III|Imp. Caesar Marcus Antonius Gordianus Augustus]] II et [[Clodius Pompeianus]]}} [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 2 aut 3]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 3]] [[Categoria:Gens Ragonia]] [[Categoria:Praetores]] 3hm6mcw68xr2wszdoz4etvisi58u8pd 3700090 3700089 2022-08-27T18:58:55Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki Gaius vel Lucius '''Ragonius Venustus''' senator Romanus tertio saeculo fuit. Quando natus mortuusve sit, nescimus; gens Ragonia ex [[Opitergium|Opitergio]] orta est. Ragonius Venustus anno [[238]] praetor, anno [[240]] consul ordinarius creatus est eodem anno quo [[Gaius Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus]], successor imperatori [[Gordianus III|Gordiano III]], qui ipse rursus anno [[241]] consulatum susceperit. [[Lucius Ragonius Quintianus]], [[consul]] anni [[289]] fortasse eius nepos fuerit. == Bibliographia == * X. Loriot, "Les consuls ordinaires de l'année 240 de notre ère" in ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' vol. 12 (1973) p. 258 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20180568 JSTOR] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Gordianus III|Imp. Caesar Marcus Antonius Gordianus Augustus]] et [[Manius Acilius Aviola]]| annus= 240<br />cum<br />[[Gaius Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus|Gaio Octavio Appio Suetrio Sabino]]| successores= [[Gordianus III|Imp. Caesar Marcus Antonius Gordianus Augustus]] II et [[Clodius Pompeianus]]}} [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 2 aut 3]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 3]] [[Categoria:Gens Ragonia]] [[Categoria:Praetores]] accu6qwf7w43xz79rqkx4a63fjrxowm 0 56826 3700190 3678499 2022-08-28T08:24:49Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''David Hilbert''' (natus [[Regiomontium|Regiomontii]] in urbe, eo tempore [[Borussia]]e metropoli, die [[23 Ianuarii]] [[1862]]; mortuus [[Gottinga]]e die [[14 Februarii]] [[1943]]) fuit [[mathematicus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]. Alumnus fuit [[Universitas Regiomontana|universitatis Regiomontanae]], ubi usque ad annum [[1895]] docuit; quo anno munus [[professor]]is [[Universitas Gottingensis|Universitatis Gottingensis]] suscepit. Studium de [[analysis numerica|analysi numerica]], [[aequatio differentialis|aequatione differentiali]], fonte [[physica relativistica|physicae relativisticae]] et [[physica quantica|quanticae]], et [[theoria numerorum]] fecit. Anno [[1900]], orationem in Congressu Internationali Mathematicorum [[Lutetia]]e habuit, cum viginti tria [[Problemata Hilbertiana]] explicaret, quae de omnibus partibus mathematici tractavit. Etiam fuit magister [[Ioannes von Neumann]] et [[Otto Blumenthal]]. ==Bibliographia== *Reid, Constance. [[1996]]. ''Hilbert.'' Novi Eboraci: Copernicus Books. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. {{NexInt}} * [[Ignoramus et ignorabimus]] * [[Lemma Hilbertianum]] ==Nexus externi== [[Fasciculus:David Hilbert 1886.jpg|thumb|David Hilbert anno [[1912]].]] {{Fontes biographici}} {{PND|11855090X|nomen=David Hilbert aut de David Hilbert}} * [http://www.mathe.tu-freiberg.de/~hebisch/cafe/hilbert.html De Davide Hilbert.] * [http://finanz.math.tu-graz.ac.at/~predota/old/history/mathematiker/hilbert.html De Davide Hilbert.] * [http://www.mathematik.ch/mathematiker/hilbert.php De Davide Hilbert.] {{1000 paginae}} {{Lifetime|1862|1943|Hilbert, David}} [[Categoria:Eruditi Borussiae]] [[Categoria:Mathematici Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Goettingensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Regiomontii]] {{Myrias|Homines}} 9skcsgzasq8y51t4rfpn2q26jds1uaf 0 61898 3700008 3053812 2022-08-27T13:08:18Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Thomas North''' (natus [[Londinium|Londinii]] anno [[1523]]; ibidem mortuus anno [[1601]]) fuit navis magister et scriptor [[Anglia|Anglicus]] praecipue notus quia multa opera de [[Lingua Italica|Italico]], [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanico]] et [[Lingua Graeca|Graeco sermone]] in [[Lingua Anglica|Anglicum]] reddidit. Saepe laudata est versio quam ''[[Vitae parallelae|Vitarum parallelarum]]'' [[Plutarchus|Plutarchi]] confecit. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{DEFAULTSORT:North, Thomas}} [[Categoria:Nati 1523]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1601]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Exploratores]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Graeco-Anglici]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Hispano-Anglici]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Italiano-Anglici]] [[Categoria:Plutarchus]] j29ysa2pid9t8hnaf1y8c4rbg854lk9 3700012 3700008 2022-08-27T13:20:48Z Andrew Dalby 1084 bibl ex en: wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Thomas North''' (natus [[Londinium|Londinii]] anno [[1523]]; ibidem mortuus anno [[1601]]) fuit navis magister et scriptor [[Anglia|Anglicus]] praecipue notus quia multa opera de [[Lingua Italica|Italico]], [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanico]] et [[Lingua Graeca|Graeco sermone]] in [[Lingua Anglica|Anglicum]] reddidit. Saepe laudata est versio quam ''[[Vitae parallelae|Vitarum parallelarum]]'' [[Plutarchus|Plutarchi]] confecit. == Bibliographia == * Tom Lockwood, "North, Sir Thomas (1535–1603?)" in {{ODNB}} (2004/2008) * Dennis McCarthy, "Thomas North was the 'T. N.' Who Prefaced Belleforest's Tragicall Hystories" in ''Notes and Queries'' vol. 54 (2007) pp. 244–248 [https://academic.oup.com/nq/article-abstract/54/3/244/1100029 Situs venalis] * K. A. Quinn, "Sir Thomas North's marginalia in his Dial of Princes". Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America. 94 (2000). (2): 283–287 [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/epdf/10.1086/pbsa.94.2.24304350 Situs venalis] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{DEFAULTSORT:North, Thomas}} [[Categoria:Nati 1523]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1601]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Exploratores]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Graeco-Anglici]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Hispano-Anglici]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Italiano-Anglici]] [[Categoria:Plutarchus]] p07k9yxa650gomrerzuhmv3k4d2rl04 0 66550 3700022 3044110 2022-08-27T13:50:55Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Georgius Merula''', (natus circa annum [[1430]] [[Alexandria (Italia)| Alexandriae]]; [[Mediolanum| Mediolani]] mortuus anno [[1494]]) fuit [[humanista]] [[Italia|Italicus]]. Merula, qui Mediolani [[Franciscus Philelphus| Francisci Philelphi ]] discipulus fuerat, [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graecum sermonem]] et [[rhetorica]] [[Mantua]]e [[Venetia (urbs)|Venetiaeque]] docuit. Anno a [[Ludovicus Sfortia|Ludovico Sfortia]] invitatus in Mediolanum rediit et mandatus est familiae [[Vicecomes|Vicecomitum]] [[historia]]m (Antiquitates Vicecomitum) parare, quae autem numquam perfecit. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1430|1494|Merula, Georgius }} [[Categoria:Philologi Italiae]] [[Categoria:Historici Italiae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] tpjzvw4jka5n8oswpwdsh5je6g6xb69 0 69979 3700109 3248206 2022-08-27T19:51:15Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:OL Walsingham IV.jpg|thumb|Interior pars [[Domus Sancta]]e et [[statua]] [[Maria (mater (Iesu)|nostrae dominae]] a Patten refecta.]] '''Alfredus Hope Patten''' (natus [[Sidmouth]] in oppido die [[17 Novembris]] [[1885]]; mortuus [[Walsinghamia]]e in oppido die [[11 Augusti]] [[1958]]) fuit [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Anglicana|Ecclesiae Anglicanae]], notissimus quod [[scrinium]] et cultum [[Maria (mater Iesu)|nostrae dominae]] Walsinghamensis restauravit. Brevi tempore postquam [[vicarius]] vici [[Norfolcia|Norfolcensis]], Walsinghamiae Parvae nomine, inductus est, statuam nostrae dominae, simulamen antiquae et celebris statuae quae tempore [[reformatio]]nis deleta erat, fabricandam curavit quam in [[templum|templo]] paroeciali posuit, et, eodem anno, primam [[peregrinatio]]nem instruxit, cui quinque peregrini duntaxat fuerunt. Abinde tamen traseuntibus annis haec peregrinatio amplitudine crevit adeo ut hodie multa milia quotannis Walsinghamiam visitant. Anno [[1937]], usus [[pecunia|pecuniis]] a benefactoribus donatis, curavit novam ecclesiam aedificandam ut statua conderetur in simulamine [[Domus Sancta|Domi Sanctae]] quae antiquitus in hoc situ steterat. Magna cum pompa statua nostrae dominae ex ecclesia paroechiali in sacellum novum translata est. Patten prope altare huius ecclesiae obiit, officio divino [[Vespera (liturgia)|Vesperarum]] et [[Benedictio Sacramenti Beati|Benedictionis]] vix completo, et iuxta Domum Sanctam sepultus est. == Nexus externi == * "Patten, Alfred Hope" in {{ODNB}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Patten, Alfredus Hope}} [[Categoria:Presbyteri Ecclesiae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1885]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1958]] [[Categoria:Clerici Angliae]] ryp4i3vqknswi9i472j6eb7qlidmyvz 3700112 3700109 2022-08-27T19:55:50Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:OL Walsingham IV.jpg|thumb|Interior pars [[Domus Sancta]]e et [[statua]] [[Maria (mater (Iesu)|nostrae dominae]] a Patten refecta.]] '''Alfredus Hope Patten''' (natus [[Sidmouth]] in oppido die [[17 Novembris]] [[1885]]; mortuus [[Walsinghamia]]e in oppido die [[11 Augusti]] [[1958]]) fuit [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Anglicana|Ecclesiae Anglicanae]], notissimus quod [[scrinium]] et cultum [[Maria (mater Iesu)|nostrae dominae]] Walsinghamensis restauravit. Alumnus fuit [[collegium Theologicum Lichfeldense|collegii theologici Lichfeldensis]]. Brevi tempore postquam [[vicarius]] vici [[Norfolcia|Norfolcensis]], Walsinghamiae Parvae nomine, inductus est, statuam nostrae dominae, simulamen antiquae et celebris statuae quae tempore [[reformatio]]nis deleta erat, fabricandam curavit quam in [[templum|templo]] paroeciali posuit, et, eodem anno, primam [[peregrinatio]]nem instruxit, cui quinque peregrini duntaxat fuerunt. Abinde tamen traseuntibus annis haec peregrinatio amplitudine crevit adeo ut hodie multa milia quotannis Walsinghamiam visitant. Anno [[1937]], usus [[pecunia|pecuniis]] a benefactoribus donatis, curavit novam ecclesiam aedificandam ut statua conderetur in simulamine [[Domus Sancta|Domi Sanctae]] quae antiquitus in hoc situ steterat. Magna cum pompa statua nostrae dominae ex ecclesia paroechiali in sacellum novum translata est. Patten prope altare huius ecclesiae obiit, officio divino [[Vespera (liturgia)|Vesperarum]] et [[Benedictio Sacramenti Beati|Benedictionis]] vix completo, et iuxta Domum Sanctam sepultus est. == Nexus externi == * "Patten, Alfred Hope" in {{ODNB}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Patten, Alfredus Hope}} [[Categoria:Presbyteri Ecclesiae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1885]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1958]] [[Categoria:Clerici Angliae]] g8wkfj1ldt5lwgzvpm0ha8fv1sk3c8m 3700113 3700112 2022-08-27T19:56:25Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Alumni Collegii Theologici Lichfeldensis]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:OL Walsingham IV.jpg|thumb|Interior pars [[Domus Sancta]]e et [[statua]] [[Maria (mater (Iesu)|nostrae dominae]] a Patten refecta.]] '''Alfredus Hope Patten''' (natus [[Sidmouth]] in oppido die [[17 Novembris]] [[1885]]; mortuus [[Walsinghamia]]e in oppido die [[11 Augusti]] [[1958]]) fuit [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Anglicana|Ecclesiae Anglicanae]], notissimus quod [[scrinium]] et cultum [[Maria (mater Iesu)|nostrae dominae]] Walsinghamensis restauravit. Alumnus fuit [[collegium Theologicum Lichfeldense|collegii theologici Lichfeldensis]]. Brevi tempore postquam [[vicarius]] vici [[Norfolcia|Norfolcensis]], Walsinghamiae Parvae nomine, inductus est, statuam nostrae dominae, simulamen antiquae et celebris statuae quae tempore [[reformatio]]nis deleta erat, fabricandam curavit quam in [[templum|templo]] paroeciali posuit, et, eodem anno, primam [[peregrinatio]]nem instruxit, cui quinque peregrini duntaxat fuerunt. Abinde tamen traseuntibus annis haec peregrinatio amplitudine crevit adeo ut hodie multa milia quotannis Walsinghamiam visitant. Anno [[1937]], usus [[pecunia|pecuniis]] a benefactoribus donatis, curavit novam ecclesiam aedificandam ut statua conderetur in simulamine [[Domus Sancta|Domi Sanctae]] quae antiquitus in hoc situ steterat. Magna cum pompa statua nostrae dominae ex ecclesia paroechiali in sacellum novum translata est. Patten prope altare huius ecclesiae obiit, officio divino [[Vespera (liturgia)|Vesperarum]] et [[Benedictio Sacramenti Beati|Benedictionis]] vix completo, et iuxta Domum Sanctam sepultus est. == Nexus externi == * "Patten, Alfred Hope" in {{ODNB}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Patten, Alfredus Hope}} [[Categoria:Presbyteri Ecclesiae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1885]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1958]] [[Categoria:Clerici Angliae]] [[Categoria:Alumni Collegii Theologici Lichfeldensis]] nv31d0u0vzcmzhstrgxtcy8u0yubuwz 0 70146 3700015 3273479 2022-08-27T13:33:44Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Hibari Misora''' ([[Iaponice]] 美空ひばり ''Misora Hibari'', Isogo-ku [[29 Maii]], [[1937]] – [[Tocio]] [[24 Iunii]], [[1989]]) fuit praemii victrix [[Iaponia|Iaponicaque]] [[enka]]e [[cantrix]], [[histrio|artifex scaenica]], et [[vivus civitatis thesaurus (Iaponia)|vivus civitatis thesaurus]]. Saepe inter maximas cantrices omnium temporum putatur, et prima Iaponica fuit quae Populare Honoris Praemium (国民栄誉賞) accepit, quod ad fabricam musicam notabili suo auxilio assignatum est. Hibari Misora inter omnes clarissimos [[artifex|artifices]] [[musica|musicos]] est. Circiter 1200 [[cantus]] registraverat,{{dubsig}} et 58 centena milia registrationes vendiderat. Post mortem, suorum [[phonodiscus|registrationum]] rogatio magnopere auctus est, annoque [[2001]] ea plus quam octoginta centena milia registrationes vendiderat. Eius suprema [[vox]], "Kawa no nagare no yō ni" (川の流れのように), saepe a multis artificibus [[symphonia]]cisque officium ad eam canitur, inter quos [[The Three Tenors]], Teresa Teng, Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlan, et Twelve Girls Band. == Bibliographia == * Takenaka Rō, ''Kanpon Misora Hibari''. Tokyo: Chikuma Shobō, 2005. ISBN 4-480-42088-6 {{Lifetime|1937|1989|Misora, Hibari}} [[Categoria:Actores Iaponiae]] [[Categoria:Cantores]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] [[Categoria:Translatio Hebdomadalis]] 296liy75k6ibi3xb86r551jrnk4gwps 0 72432 3700016 3108905 2022-08-27T13:34:38Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ludovicus de Mises,''' plenius '''Ludovicus Henricus Edler de Mises''' ([[29 Septembris]] [[1881]]–[[10 Octobris]] [[1973]]), fuit [[Oeconomia|oeconomicus]] [[Schola Austriaca|Scholae Austriacae]], [[philosophia|philosophus]], [[scriptor]], et [[liberalismus classicus|liberalis classicus]], qui multum ad [[Libertarianismus|motum Libertarianum]] hodiernum et philosophiam [[Ayn Rand]]ii contulit. Eius [[magnum opus]] est ''[[Human Action]]'' ('Actus humanus'), anno [[1949]] editum. {{NexInt}} *[[Ricardus de Mises]] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1881|1973|Mises, Ludovicus von}} [[Categoria:Incolae Galiciae]] [[Categoria:Libertariani]] [[Categoria:Oeconomi Austriae]] [[Categoria:Oeconomi Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Vindobonensis]] dsz69max5zhl1m1wjnxlgys0o1ne9w1 0 72564 3700091 3273059 2022-08-27T19:04:08Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ludovicus Racine''' (natus [[Lutetia]]e die [[6 Novembris]] [[1692]]; ibidem mortuus die [[29 Ianuarii]] [[1763]]), [[Ioannes Racine|Ioannis Racine]] filius natu septimus, fuit [[poeta]] [[Francia|Francicus]] aetate [[illuminismus|illuminationis]]. Socius fuit [[Academia Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum|Academiae Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum]]. Publicanus [[Massilia]]e et alibi opeream dedit. [[:Fasciculus:Louis Racine.jpg|Imago noster]], a [[Carmontelle]] delineata, in [[Museum Condaeum|Museo Condaeo]] servatur. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Racine, Ludovicus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1692]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1763]] [[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]] [[Categoria:Poetae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum]] hp0yknmwuw85xpe54ek76o8odnhb60g 3700092 3700091 2022-08-27T19:04:20Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Publicani]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ludovicus Racine''' (natus [[Lutetia]]e die [[6 Novembris]] [[1692]]; ibidem mortuus die [[29 Ianuarii]] [[1763]]), [[Ioannes Racine|Ioannis Racine]] filius natu septimus, fuit [[poeta]] [[Francia|Francicus]] aetate [[illuminismus|illuminationis]]. Socius fuit [[Academia Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum|Academiae Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum]]. Publicanus [[Massilia]]e et alibi opeream dedit. [[:Fasciculus:Louis Racine.jpg|Imago noster]], a [[Carmontelle]] delineata, in [[Museum Condaeum|Museo Condaeo]] servatur. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Racine, Ludovicus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1692]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1763]] [[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]] [[Categoria:Poetae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum]] [[Categoria:Publicani]] cn21vupsnzowxhcm8fnttaqwuuo14f2 3700093 3700092 2022-08-27T19:04:34Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ludovicus Racine''' (natus [[Lutetia]]e die [[6 Novembris]] [[1692]]; ibidem mortuus die [[29 Ianuarii]] [[1763]]), [[Ioannes Racine|Ioannis Racine]] filius natu septimus, fuit [[poeta]] [[Francia|Francicus]] aetate [[illuminismus|illuminationis]]. Socius fuit [[Academia Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum|Academiae Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum]]. Publicanus [[Massilia]]e et alibi operam dedit. [[:Fasciculus:Louis Racine.jpg|Imago noster]], a [[Carmontelle]] delineata, in [[Museum Condaeum|Museo Condaeo]] servatur. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Racine, Ludovicus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1692]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1763]] [[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]] [[Categoria:Poetae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum]] [[Categoria:Publicani]] a4h48vm14pbhclaht4e8jdhzdky3ech 0 73064 3700078 3044658 2022-08-27T18:01:05Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Politici Italiae]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Non stipula}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ioannes Rivera''' (natus die [[18 Augusti]] [[1943]] [[Alexandria Statiellorum|Alexandriae Statiellorum]], Italia) est athleta [[Italia|Italicus]], qui fuit clarus [[pedilusor]] et hodie est politicorum peritus et Italiae legatus apud Parlamentum Europaeum. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/public/geoSearch/view.do?id=33611&language=DE Biographia apud paginam interretialem Parlamenti Europae] * [http://www.11freunde.de/geschichtsstunde/103735 Colloqium percontativum cum Ioanne Rivera apud 11freunde.de] {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rivera, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Pedilusores Italiae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1943]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Legati Parlamenti Europaei]] [[Categoria:Politici Italiae]] ndy9szng5aedy7huvbgddwzhlbfp0s0 3700080 3700078 2022-08-27T18:38:07Z Andrew Dalby 1084 + wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ioannes Rivera''' (natus die [[18 Augusti]] [[1943]] [[Alexandria Statiellorum|Alexandriae Statiellorum]], Italia), filius operariorum, fuit inter annos [[1956]] et [[1975]] [[pedilusor]] [[Italia|Italicus]], deinde director turmae pedilusorum [[Mediolanum|Mediolanensis]]. Recentius ab anno [[1987]] usque in [[2001]] fuit politicus Italiae atque ab [[2005]] per quattuor annos legatus apud [[Parlamentum Europaeum]]. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/public/geoSearch/view.do?id=33611&language=DE Biographia apud paginam interretialem Parlamenti Europae] * [http://www.11freunde.de/geschichtsstunde/103735 Colloqium percontativum cum Ioanne Rivera apud 11freunde.de] {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rivera, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Pedilusores Italiae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1943]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Legati Parlamenti Europaei]] [[Categoria:Politici Italiae]] eltt1nfp125fex0j57aox20n6ulf895 0 74685 3700084 3063768 2022-08-27T18:50:31Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F027005-0009, Bonn, AA, Generalstabschef von Madagaskar.jpg|thumb|Gabriel Ramanantsoa (ad sinistram) Germaniam anno 1968 visitavit]] '''Gabriel Ramanantsoa''' (natus in [[Antananarivo]] die [[13 Aprilis]] [[1906]]; mortuus [[Lutetia]]e die [[9 Maii]] [[1979]]), e familia [[Merina]] ortus, alumnus [[schola Specialis Militaris ad Sanctum Cyricum|scholae specialis militaris ad Sanctum Cyricum]] prope Lutetiam, miles [[Francia|Francicus]] et postea Madagascarensis, fuit ab anno [[1972]] usque ad annum [[1975]] [[Madagascaria]]e Praeses et eodem tempore Minister Primus. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Praesides Rei Publicae Madagascariae}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ramanantsoa, Gabriel}} [[Categoria:Nati 1906]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1979]] [[Categoria:Praesides Madagascariae]] o5o4if5v7m41q81xxhxv42j082qun9s 3700085 3700084 2022-08-27T18:50:49Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Milites Franciae]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F027005-0009, Bonn, AA, Generalstabschef von Madagaskar.jpg|thumb|Gabriel Ramanantsoa (ad sinistram) Germaniam anno 1968 visitavit]] '''Gabriel Ramanantsoa''' (natus in [[Antananarivo]] die [[13 Aprilis]] [[1906]]; mortuus [[Lutetia]]e die [[9 Maii]] [[1979]]), e familia [[Merina]] ortus, alumnus [[schola Specialis Militaris ad Sanctum Cyricum|scholae specialis militaris ad Sanctum Cyricum]] prope Lutetiam, miles [[Francia|Francicus]] et postea Madagascarensis, fuit ab anno [[1972]] usque ad annum [[1975]] [[Madagascaria]]e Praeses et eodem tempore Minister Primus. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Praesides Rei Publicae Madagascariae}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ramanantsoa, Gabriel}} [[Categoria:Nati 1906]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1979]] [[Categoria:Praesides Madagascariae]] [[Categoria:Milites Franciae]] lrjbnj02kanjizaan7cv3xf30f90u2v 3700086 3700085 2022-08-27T18:51:25Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Alumni Scholae ad Sanctum Cyricum]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F027005-0009, Bonn, AA, Generalstabschef von Madagaskar.jpg|thumb|Gabriel Ramanantsoa (ad sinistram) Germaniam anno 1968 visitavit]] '''Gabriel Ramanantsoa''' (natus in [[Antananarivo]] die [[13 Aprilis]] [[1906]]; mortuus [[Lutetia]]e die [[9 Maii]] [[1979]]), e familia [[Merina]] ortus, alumnus [[schola Specialis Militaris ad Sanctum Cyricum|scholae specialis militaris ad Sanctum Cyricum]] prope Lutetiam, miles [[Francia|Francicus]] et postea Madagascarensis, fuit ab anno [[1972]] usque ad annum [[1975]] [[Madagascaria]]e Praeses et eodem tempore Minister Primus. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Praesides Rei Publicae Madagascariae}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ramanantsoa, Gabriel}} [[Categoria:Nati 1906]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1979]] [[Categoria:Praesides Madagascariae]] [[Categoria:Milites Franciae]] [[Categoria:Alumni Scholae ad Sanctum Cyricum]] 4nuuacih5tv346c54gfh1l9olvyh6c1 3700087 3700086 2022-08-27T18:52:13Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F027005-0009, Bonn, AA, Generalstabschef von Madagaskar.jpg|thumb|Gabriel Ramanantsoa (ad sinistram) Germaniam anno 1968 visitavit]] '''Gabriel Ramanantsoa''' (natus in [[Antananarivo]] die [[13 Aprilis]] [[1906]]; mortuus [[Lutetia]]e die [[9 Maii]] [[1979]]), e familia [[Merina]] ortus, alumnus [[schola Militaris Specialis ad Sanctum Cyricum|scholae militaris specialis ad Sanctum Cyricum]] prope Lutetiam, miles [[Francia|Francicus]] et postea Madagascarensis, fuit ab anno [[1972]] usque ad annum [[1975]] [[Madagascaria]]e Praeses et eodem tempore Minister Primus. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Praesides Rei Publicae Madagascariae}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ramanantsoa, Gabriel}} [[Categoria:Nati 1906]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1979]] [[Categoria:Praesides Madagascariae]] [[Categoria:Milites Franciae]] [[Categoria:Alumni Scholae ad Sanctum Cyricum]] 830ymewq6iu8xxcmpv77gw1o6bfie9e 0 79891 3700023 3323632 2022-08-27T14:03:56Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Alda Merini''', nomine nativo pleno ''Alda Giuseppina Angela Merini'' ([[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] nata die [[21 Martii]] [[1931]]; ibidem mortua die [[1 Novembris]] [[2009]]) fuit [[poeta|poetria]] [[Italia|Italica]]. == Nexus externi == [[Fasciculus:Merini - Chimera.jpg|thumb|Alda Merini Mediolani prope coffearium ''Chimera'' ab Iuliano Grittini lucis ope picta]] [[Fasciculus:Aldo, Giovanni, Giacomo - Merini.jpg|thumb|Alda Merini cum comoedis Aldo, Giovanni, Giacomo]] {{Fontes biographici}} * [http://www.aldamerini.it/ Aldae Merini pagina interretialis.] {{scriptor-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Merini, Alda}} [[Categoria:Poetae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Italiae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Italiani]] [[Categoria:Nati 1931]] [[Categoria:Mortui 2009]] 0awe882gud63jgy8a3sogxoef34lksx 3700028 3700023 2022-08-27T14:21:42Z Andrew Dalby 1084 + wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Alda Merini''', nomine nativo pleno ''Alda Giuseppina Angela Merini'' ([[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] nata die [[21 Martii]] [[1931]]; ibidem mortua die [[1 Novembris]] [[2009]]), familiae pauperis proles, fuit [[poeta|poetria]] [[Italia|Italica]] a plurimis scriptoribus coaevis admirata. == Bibliographia == ; Autobiographica selecta * Alda Merini, ''L'altra verità. Diario di una diversa''. Mediolani: Scheiwiller, 1986 * Guido Spaini, Antonella Baldi, edd., ''Le parole di Alda Merini''. Romae: Stampa Alternativa, 1991 * Alda Merini, ''Il ladro Giuseppe. Racconti degli anni Sessanta''. Mediolani: Scheiwiller, 1999 * Alda Merini, Sabatino Scia, ''L'altra faccia della luce. Favole inquiete''. Europa Edizioni, 2018 == Nexus externi == [[Fasciculus:Merini - Chimera.jpg|thumb|Alda Merini Mediolani prope coffearium ''Chimera'' ab Iuliano Grittini lucis ope picta]] [[Fasciculus:Aldo, Giovanni, Giacomo - Merini.jpg|thumb|Alda Merini cum comoedis Aldo, Giovanni, Giacomo]] {{Fontes biographici}} * [http://www.aldamerini.it/ Aldae Merini pagina interretialis.] {{scriptor-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Merini, Alda}} [[Categoria:Poetae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Italiae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Italiani]] [[Categoria:Nati 1931]] [[Categoria:Mortui 2009]] a1s4imgyufrf0fuccacq9g0u2kdmtfl 0 79945 3700148 3676336 2022-08-27T21:07:26Z ArtfulSinger95 158856 sectio novus wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:James Webb Space Telescope 2009 top.jpg|thumb|Telescopium spatiale Iacobus Webb]] '''Telescopium spatiale Webbianum'''<ref>"Telescopium Webbianum": ''[http://iconoclastes2.blogspot.fr/2014/08/vita-extra-terram-mox-invenienda.html Iconoclastes]''</ref> ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: ''James Webb Space Telescope'' vel ''JWST'') est [[telescopium]] in caelum anno 2021 adscensum<ref>[https://www.arianespace.com/press-release/ariane-5-successful-launch-webb-space-telescope/ Ariane Space press release: "Ariane 5 goes down in history with successful launch of Webb"]</ref>, in parte spectri [[electromagnetismus|electromagnetici]] [[Radiatio infrarubra|infrarubra]] inspectaturum. Successor [[Telescopium spatiale Hubbleanum|Hubbleani telescopii]] remotissima corpora in [[Universum|universo]] observaturum est ut quattuor res illustret, videlicet:<ref>[http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/science.html JWST apud NASA]</ref> * Finis aevi nigri: lux prima et reionizatio * Cogere{{dubsig}} galaxiarum * Origo [[stella]]rum [[planeta]]rumque * Systemata planetaria et [[vita extranea|fons vitae]] ==Proventi Scientifici== == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == [[File:Webb March 16.jpg|thumb|Imago die 13 Martii 2022 facta]] * Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, Victoria S. Meadows, Andrew P. Lincowski, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07070 The Detectability and Characterization of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanet Atmospheres with JWST]" apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Astronomical Journal'' vol. 158 (2019) p. 27 ff. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333936073_The_Detectability_and_Characterization_of_the_TRAPPIST-1_Exoplanet_Atmospheres_with_JWST alia recensio] == Nexus externi == * [http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/index.html JWST apud NASA] {{Ling|Anglice}} [[Categoria:Telescopia]] [[Categoria:Satellites artificiales]] {{Myrias|Technologia}} 2800cuq5fhpc2j0fy2ft6cakuw3t5gh 3700149 3700148 2022-08-27T21:13:52Z ArtfulSinger95 158856 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:James Webb Space Telescope 2009 top.jpg|thumb|Telescopium spatiale Iacobus Webb]] '''Telescopium spatiale Webbianum'''<ref>"Telescopium Webbianum": ''[http://iconoclastes2.blogspot.fr/2014/08/vita-extra-terram-mox-invenienda.html Iconoclastes]''</ref> ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: ''James Webb Space Telescope'' vel ''JWST'') est [[telescopium]] in caelum anno 2021 adscensum<ref>[https://www.arianespace.com/press-release/ariane-5-successful-launch-webb-space-telescope/ Ariane Space press release: "Ariane 5 goes down in history with successful launch of Webb"]</ref>, in parte spectri [[electromagnetismus|electromagnetici]] [[Radiatio infrarubra|infrarubra]] inspectaturum. Successor [[Telescopium spatiale Hubbleanum|Hubbleani telescopii]] remotissima corpora in [[Universum|universo]] observaturum est ut quattuor res illustret, videlicet:<ref>[http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/science.html JWST apud NASA]</ref> * Finis aevi nigri: lux prima et reionizatio * Cogere{{dubsig}} galaxiarum * Origo [[stella]]rum [[planeta]]rumque * Systemata planetaria et [[vita extranea|fons vitae]] ==Proventi Scientifici== <!--salve! amabo te adiunge verbi et pictores ab versione anglia. gratias ago! AS95--> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == [[File:Webb March 16.jpg|thumb|Imago die 13 Martii 2022 facta]] * Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, Victoria S. Meadows, Andrew P. Lincowski, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07070 The Detectability and Characterization of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanet Atmospheres with JWST]" apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Astronomical Journal'' vol. 158 (2019) p. 27 ff. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333936073_The_Detectability_and_Characterization_of_the_TRAPPIST-1_Exoplanet_Atmospheres_with_JWST alia recensio] == Nexus externi == * [http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/index.html JWST apud NASA] {{Ling|Anglice}} [[Categoria:Telescopia]] [[Categoria:Satellites artificiales]] {{Myrias|Technologia}} se2jd505nh6mrh3g6udqpsodwcl8rg6 3700150 3700149 2022-08-27T21:16:40Z ArtfulSinger95 158856 adiunxi pictorem wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:James Webb Space Telescope 2009 top.jpg|thumb|Telescopium spatiale Iacobus Webb]] '''Telescopium spatiale Webbianum'''<ref>"Telescopium Webbianum": ''[http://iconoclastes2.blogspot.fr/2014/08/vita-extra-terram-mox-invenienda.html Iconoclastes]''</ref> ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: ''James Webb Space Telescope'' vel ''JWST'') est [[telescopium]] in caelum anno 2021 adscensum<ref>[https://www.arianespace.com/press-release/ariane-5-successful-launch-webb-space-telescope/ Ariane Space press release: "Ariane 5 goes down in history with successful launch of Webb"]</ref>, in parte spectri [[electromagnetismus|electromagnetici]] [[Radiatio infrarubra|infrarubra]] inspectaturum. Successor [[Telescopium spatiale Hubbleanum|Hubbleani telescopii]] remotissima corpora in [[Universum|universo]] observaturum est ut quattuor res illustret, videlicet:<ref>[http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/science.html JWST apud NASA]</ref> * Finis aevi nigri: lux prima et reionizatio * Cogere{{dubsig}} galaxiarum * Origo [[stella]]rum [[planeta]]rumque * Systemata planetaria et [[vita extranea|fons vitae]] ==Proventi Scientifici== <!--salve! amabo te adiunge verbi et pictores ab versione anglia. gratias ago! AS95--> [[File:Webb's First Deep Field (adjusted).jpg]] == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == [[File:Webb March 16.jpg|thumb|Imago die 13 Martii 2022 facta]] * Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, Victoria S. Meadows, Andrew P. Lincowski, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07070 The Detectability and Characterization of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanet Atmospheres with JWST]" apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Astronomical Journal'' vol. 158 (2019) p. 27 ff. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333936073_The_Detectability_and_Characterization_of_the_TRAPPIST-1_Exoplanet_Atmospheres_with_JWST alia recensio] == Nexus externi == * [http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/index.html JWST apud NASA] {{Ling|Anglice}} [[Categoria:Telescopia]] [[Categoria:Satellites artificiales]] {{Myrias|Technologia}} boc9nn598glqbd26fh1igb3lasexvxk 3700151 3700150 2022-08-27T21:20:36Z ArtfulSinger95 158856 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:James Webb Space Telescope 2009 top.jpg|thumb|Telescopium spatiale Iacobus Webb]] '''Telescopium spatiale Webbianum'''<ref>"Telescopium Webbianum": ''[http://iconoclastes2.blogspot.fr/2014/08/vita-extra-terram-mox-invenienda.html Iconoclastes]''</ref> ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: ''James Webb Space Telescope'' vel ''JWST'') est [[telescopium]] in caelum anno 2021 adscensum<ref>[https://www.arianespace.com/press-release/ariane-5-successful-launch-webb-space-telescope/ Ariane Space press release: "Ariane 5 goes down in history with successful launch of Webb"]</ref>, in parte spectri [[electromagnetismus|electromagnetici]] [[Radiatio infrarubra|infrarubra]] inspectaturum. Successor [[Telescopium spatiale Hubbleanum|Hubbleani telescopii]] remotissima corpora in [[Universum|universo]] observaturum est ut quattuor res illustret, videlicet:<ref>[http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/science.html JWST apud NASA]</ref> * Finis aevi nigri: lux prima et reionizatio * Cogere{{dubsig}} galaxiarum * Origo [[stella]]rum [[planeta]]rumque * Systemata planetaria et [[vita extranea|fons vitae]] ==Proventi Scientifici== <!--salve! amabo te adiunge verbi et pictores ab versione anglia. gratias ago! AS95--> [[File:Webb's First Deep Field (adjusted).jpg|Thumb|Webbiani primus altus pictor]] == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == [[File:Webb March 16.jpg|thumb|Imago die 13 Martii 2022 facta]] * Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, Victoria S. Meadows, Andrew P. Lincowski, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07070 The Detectability and Characterization of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanet Atmospheres with JWST]" apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Astronomical Journal'' vol. 158 (2019) p. 27 ff. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333936073_The_Detectability_and_Characterization_of_the_TRAPPIST-1_Exoplanet_Atmospheres_with_JWST alia recensio] == Nexus externi == * [http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/index.html JWST apud NASA] {{Ling|Anglice}} [[Categoria:Telescopia]] [[Categoria:Satellites artificiales]] {{Myrias|Technologia}} n6ou5tcbj6u8vjtk1vl3r4bjouzkgpg 3700152 3700151 2022-08-27T21:21:56Z ArtfulSinger95 158856 adiunxi descriptionem wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:James Webb Space Telescope 2009 top.jpg|thumb|Telescopium spatiale Iacobus Webb]] '''Telescopium spatiale Webbianum'''<ref>"Telescopium Webbianum": ''[http://iconoclastes2.blogspot.fr/2014/08/vita-extra-terram-mox-invenienda.html Iconoclastes]''</ref> ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: ''James Webb Space Telescope'' vel ''JWST'') est [[telescopium]] in caelum anno 2021 adscensum<ref>[https://www.arianespace.com/press-release/ariane-5-successful-launch-webb-space-telescope/ Ariane Space press release: "Ariane 5 goes down in history with successful launch of Webb"]</ref>, in parte spectri [[electromagnetismus|electromagnetici]] [[Radiatio infrarubra|infrarubra]] inspectaturum. Successor [[Telescopium spatiale Hubbleanum|Hubbleani telescopii]] remotissima corpora in [[Universum|universo]] observaturum est ut quattuor res illustret, videlicet:<ref>[http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/science.html JWST apud NASA]</ref> * Finis aevi nigri: lux prima et reionizatio * Cogere{{dubsig}} galaxiarum * Origo [[stella]]rum [[planeta]]rumque * Systemata planetaria et [[vita extranea|fons vitae]] ==Proventi Scientifici== <!--salve! amabo te adiunge verbi et pictores ab versione anglia. gratias ago! AS95--> [[Fasciculus:Webb's First Deep Field (adjusted).jpg|thumb|Webbiani primus altus pictor]] == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == [[File:Webb March 16.jpg|thumb|Imago die 13 Martii 2022 facta]] * Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, Victoria S. Meadows, Andrew P. Lincowski, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07070 The Detectability and Characterization of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanet Atmospheres with JWST]" apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Astronomical Journal'' vol. 158 (2019) p. 27 ff. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333936073_The_Detectability_and_Characterization_of_the_TRAPPIST-1_Exoplanet_Atmospheres_with_JWST alia recensio] == Nexus externi == * [http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/index.html JWST apud NASA] {{Ling|Anglice}} [[Categoria:Telescopia]] [[Categoria:Satellites artificiales]] {{Myrias|Technologia}} otecamsmre5ceit60mzrz7ih58trenu 0 94840 3700167 3699960 2022-08-28T00:14:59Z 2804:389:D03B:94F9:A444:A05D:9C59:DADE /* Consummatio */ wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium''' anni [[2002]] fuit turmarum [[Pediludium|Pedilusoriarum]] virilium athleticum certamen in [[Corea Meridionalis|Corea Meridionali]] et [[Iaponia]] a die [[31 Maii]] usque ad diem [[30 Iunii]]. Certaminis victor fuit [[Turma Nationalis Brasiliensis (pediludium)|Brasilia]]. Ultimus lusus pro titulo "Optimi Mundi 2002" in [[stadium|stadio]] Yokohama International [[Yokohama]]e fuit. Certaminis hymnus a [[Vangelis]] scriptus est. == Participes certaminis civitates == [[Fasciculus:2002 world cup.png |350px|right|thumb|Nationes ludentes]] Certamini hae viginti quattuor turmae interfuerunt: * {{Africa AustralisVex}} * {{AequatoriaVex}} * {{AngliaVex}} * {{Arabia SaudianaVex}} * {{ArgentinaVex}} * {{BelgiaVex}} * {{BrasiliaVex}} * {{CameroniaVex}} * {{CFAVex}} * {{Corea MeridionalisVex}} * {{CroatiaVex}} * {{DaniaVex}} * {{FranciaVex}} * {{GermaniaVex}} * {{HiberniaVex}} * {{HispaniaVex}} * {{IaponiaVex}} * {{ItaliaVex}} * {{LusitaniaVex}} * {{MexicumVex}} * {{NigeriaVex}} * {{Ora OpulentaVex}} * {{ParaquariaVex}} * {{PoloniaVex}} * {{RussiaVex}} * {{SenegaliaVex}} * {{SinaVex}} * {{SloveniaVex}} * {{SueciaVex}} * {{TunesiaVex}} * {{TurciaVex}} * {{UruguaiaVex}} == Certaminis exitus (solus tempus finale) == <small>Omnes horae indicatae ad loca ubi certamen habetur pertinent , '''[[UTC]]+ ?'''</small> {{16ManuumParenthesis <!--Dies-Locus|Manus 1|Score 1|Manus 2|Score 2 --> <!--Ocatva pars consummationis --> |[[15 Iunii]] - Seogwipo |'''{{GermaniaVex}}'''|'''1'''|{{ParaquariaVex}}|0 |[[17 Iunii]] - Jeonju |{{MexicumVex}}|0|'''{{CFAVex}}'''|'''2''' |[[16 Iunii]] - Suwon |'''{{HispaniaVex}}''' <small>(iactus poenales)</small>|'''1 (3)'''|{{HiberniaVex}}|1 (2) |[[18 Iunii]] - Daejeon |'''{{Corea MeridionalisVex}}''' <small>(Tempus additicium)</small>|'''2'''|{{ItaliaVex}}|1 |[[15 Iunii]] - Niigata |{{DaniaVex}}|0|{{AngliaVex}}|'''3''' |[[17 Iunii]] - Kobe |'''{{BrasiliaVex}}'''|'''2'''|{{BelgiaVex}}|0 |[[16 Iunii]] - Ōita |{{SueciaVex}}|1|'''{{SenegaliaVex}}''' <small>(Tempus additicium)</small> |'''2''' |[[18 Iunii]] - Miyagi |{{IaponiaVex}}|0|'''{{TurciaVex}}'''|'''1''' <!--Quarta pars consummationis --> <!--NOTE: Do not add teams here until the matches are completed--> |[[21 Iunii]] - Ulsan |'''{{GermaniaVex}}'''|'''1'''|{{CFAVex}}|0 |[[22 Iunii]] - Gwangju |{{HispaniaVex}}|0 (3)|'''{{Corea MeridionalisVex}}''' <br /><small>(iactus poenales)</small>|'''0 (5)''' |[[21 Iunii]] - Shizuoka |{{AngliaVex}}|1|'''{{BrasiliaVex}}'''|'''2''' |[[22 Iunii]] - Osaka |{{SenegaliaVex}}|0|'''{{TurciaVex}}''' <small>(Tempus additicium)</small> |'''1''' <!--Praeconsummatio --> |[[26 Iunii]] - Seoul |'''{{GermaniaVex}}'''|'''1'''|{{Corea MeridionalisVex}}|0 |[[26 Iunii]] - Saitama |'''{{BrasiliaVex}}'''|'''1'''|{{TurciaVex}}|0 <!--Consummatio --> |[[30 Iunii]] - Yokohama |{{GermaniaVex}}|0|'''{{BrasiliaVex}}'''|'''2''' <!--Tertius locus --> |[[29 Iunii]] - Daegu |{{Corea MeridionalisVex}}|2|'''{{TurciaVex}}'''|''''3''' }} == Consummatio == <center>'''{{GermaniaVex}} 0:2 {{BrasiliaVex}}''' 30 Iunii 2002<br> Stadium Internationale [[Yokohama]]<br></center> '''Arbitro:''' Petrus Ludovicus Collina ([[Italia]])<br> '''Adiutores:''' Leivus Lindberg ([[Suecia]]), Philippus Sharp ([[Anglia]])<br> '''Chartulae flavae:''' Rochus Iunior, Klose '''Puncti:''' [[Ronaldus (pedilusor)|Ronaldus]] 67', 79' '''Germania:''' 1. [[Oliverius Kahn]] (capitanem), 21. [[Christophorus Metzelder]], 5. [[Christianus Ramelow]], 2. [[Thomas Linke]], 17. [[Marcus Bode]] (6. [[Christianus Ziege]] 84'), 16. [[Ioannes Jeremies]] (14. [[Geraldus Asamoah]] 77'), 8. [[Dietmar Hamann]], 22. [[Torsten Frings]], 19. [[Bernardus Schneider]], 7. [[Oliver Neuville]], 11. [[Miroslaus Klose]] (20. [[Oliverius Bierhoff]] 74')<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Rudolphus Völler]] '''Brasilia:''' 1. [[Marcus Robertus Silveira dos Reis|Marcus]], 3. [[Lucimar Ferreira da Silva|Lucius]], 4. [[Rochus Iunior]], 5. [[Edmilson]], 2. [[Cafu]] (capitanem), 6. [[Robertus Carolus]], 15. [[Kléberson]], 8. [[Gilbertus Silva]], 11. [[Ronaldinhus]] (19. [[Juninho Paulista]] 85'), 10. [[Rivaldus]], 9. [[Ronaldus (pedilusor)|Ronaldus]] (17. [[Denilson]] 90')<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Ludovicus Philippus Scolari]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|FIFA World Cup 2002|Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium MMII}} * [http://fifaworldcup.yahoo.com/ FIFAe Certamen Mundanum] [[Categoria:2002]] [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] 2snnfjaxym47tq5pro6vnfkrg0nbdh2 3700168 3700167 2022-08-28T00:15:14Z 2804:389:D03B:94F9:A444:A05D:9C59:DADE /* Consummatio */ wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium''' anni [[2002]] fuit turmarum [[Pediludium|Pedilusoriarum]] virilium athleticum certamen in [[Corea Meridionalis|Corea Meridionali]] et [[Iaponia]] a die [[31 Maii]] usque ad diem [[30 Iunii]]. Certaminis victor fuit [[Turma Nationalis Brasiliensis (pediludium)|Brasilia]]. Ultimus lusus pro titulo "Optimi Mundi 2002" in [[stadium|stadio]] Yokohama International [[Yokohama]]e fuit. Certaminis hymnus a [[Vangelis]] scriptus est. == Participes certaminis civitates == [[Fasciculus:2002 world cup.png |350px|right|thumb|Nationes ludentes]] Certamini hae viginti quattuor turmae interfuerunt: * {{Africa AustralisVex}} * {{AequatoriaVex}} * {{AngliaVex}} * {{Arabia SaudianaVex}} * {{ArgentinaVex}} * {{BelgiaVex}} * {{BrasiliaVex}} * {{CameroniaVex}} * {{CFAVex}} * {{Corea MeridionalisVex}} * {{CroatiaVex}} * {{DaniaVex}} * {{FranciaVex}} * {{GermaniaVex}} * {{HiberniaVex}} * {{HispaniaVex}} * {{IaponiaVex}} * {{ItaliaVex}} * {{LusitaniaVex}} * {{MexicumVex}} * {{NigeriaVex}} * {{Ora OpulentaVex}} * {{ParaquariaVex}} * {{PoloniaVex}} * {{RussiaVex}} * {{SenegaliaVex}} * {{SinaVex}} * {{SloveniaVex}} * {{SueciaVex}} * {{TunesiaVex}} * {{TurciaVex}} * {{UruguaiaVex}} == Certaminis exitus (solus tempus finale) == <small>Omnes horae indicatae ad loca ubi certamen habetur pertinent , '''[[UTC]]+ ?'''</small> {{16ManuumParenthesis <!--Dies-Locus|Manus 1|Score 1|Manus 2|Score 2 --> <!--Ocatva pars consummationis --> |[[15 Iunii]] - Seogwipo |'''{{GermaniaVex}}'''|'''1'''|{{ParaquariaVex}}|0 |[[17 Iunii]] - Jeonju |{{MexicumVex}}|0|'''{{CFAVex}}'''|'''2''' |[[16 Iunii]] - Suwon |'''{{HispaniaVex}}''' <small>(iactus poenales)</small>|'''1 (3)'''|{{HiberniaVex}}|1 (2) |[[18 Iunii]] - Daejeon |'''{{Corea MeridionalisVex}}''' <small>(Tempus additicium)</small>|'''2'''|{{ItaliaVex}}|1 |[[15 Iunii]] - Niigata |{{DaniaVex}}|0|{{AngliaVex}}|'''3''' |[[17 Iunii]] - Kobe |'''{{BrasiliaVex}}'''|'''2'''|{{BelgiaVex}}|0 |[[16 Iunii]] - Ōita |{{SueciaVex}}|1|'''{{SenegaliaVex}}''' <small>(Tempus additicium)</small> |'''2''' |[[18 Iunii]] - Miyagi |{{IaponiaVex}}|0|'''{{TurciaVex}}'''|'''1''' <!--Quarta pars consummationis --> <!--NOTE: Do not add teams here until the matches are completed--> |[[21 Iunii]] - Ulsan |'''{{GermaniaVex}}'''|'''1'''|{{CFAVex}}|0 |[[22 Iunii]] - Gwangju |{{HispaniaVex}}|0 (3)|'''{{Corea MeridionalisVex}}''' <br /><small>(iactus poenales)</small>|'''0 (5)''' |[[21 Iunii]] - Shizuoka |{{AngliaVex}}|1|'''{{BrasiliaVex}}'''|'''2''' |[[22 Iunii]] - Osaka |{{SenegaliaVex}}|0|'''{{TurciaVex}}''' <small>(Tempus additicium)</small> |'''1''' <!--Praeconsummatio --> |[[26 Iunii]] - Seoul |'''{{GermaniaVex}}'''|'''1'''|{{Corea MeridionalisVex}}|0 |[[26 Iunii]] - Saitama |'''{{BrasiliaVex}}'''|'''1'''|{{TurciaVex}}|0 <!--Consummatio --> |[[30 Iunii]] - Yokohama |{{GermaniaVex}}|0|'''{{BrasiliaVex}}'''|'''2''' <!--Tertius locus --> |[[29 Iunii]] - Daegu |{{Corea MeridionalisVex}}|2|'''{{TurciaVex}}'''|''''3''' }} == Consummatio == <center>'''{{GermaniaVex}} 0:2 {{BrasiliaVex}}''' 30 Iunii 2002<br> Stadium Internationale [[Yokohama]]<br></center> '''Arbitro:''' Petrus Ludovicus Collina ([[Italia]])<br> '''Adiutores:''' Leivus Lindberg ([[Suecia]]), Philippus Sharp ([[Anglia]])<br> '''Chartulae flavae:''' Rochus Iunior, Klose '''Puncti:''' [[Ronaldus (pedilusor)|Ronaldus]] 67', 79' '''Germania:''' 1. [[Oliverius Kahn]] (capitanem), 21. [[Christophorus Metzelder]], 5. [[Christianus Ramelow]], 2. [[Thomas Linke]], 17. [[Marcus Bode]] (6. [[Christianus Ziege]] 84'), 16. [[Ioannes Jeremies]] (14. [[Geraldus Asamoah]] 77'), 8. [[Dietmar Hamann]], 22. [[Torsten Frings]], 19. [[Bernardus Schneider]], 7. [[Oliverius Neuville]], 11. [[Miroslaus Klose]] (20. [[Oliverius Bierhoff]] 74')<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Rudolphus Völler]] '''Brasilia:''' 1. [[Marcus Robertus Silveira dos Reis|Marcus]], 3. [[Lucimar Ferreira da Silva|Lucius]], 4. [[Rochus Iunior]], 5. [[Edmilson]], 2. [[Cafu]] (capitanem), 6. [[Robertus Carolus]], 15. [[Kléberson]], 8. [[Gilbertus Silva]], 11. [[Ronaldinhus]] (19. [[Juninho Paulista]] 85'), 10. [[Rivaldus]], 9. [[Ronaldus (pedilusor)|Ronaldus]] (17. [[Denilson]] 90')<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Ludovicus Philippus Scolari]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|FIFA World Cup 2002|Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium MMII}} * [http://fifaworldcup.yahoo.com/ FIFAe Certamen Mundanum] [[Categoria:2002]] [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] 4too2wn4qbiai8r142un242knqpts9x 0 94849 3700170 3699946 2022-08-28T00:19:21Z 2804:389:D03B:94F9:A444:A05D:9C59:DADE /* Consummatio */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium''' anni [[1990]] a turmis athleticis [[Pediludium|pediludicis]] virilibus in [[Italia]] a die [[8 Iunii]] usque ad diem [[8 Iulii]] celebratum est. Certaminis victor fuit [[Turma Nationalis Germanica (pediludium)|turma Germanica]]. Ultimus lusus pro titulo "Optimi Mundi 1990" in [[stadium olympicum (Roma)|stadio olympico]] [[Roma]]e fuit. Anno [[1990]] primus historiae certaminum pedilusoriorum hymnus fuit. Hic hymnus, ''Un'Estate Italiana'' a [[Georgius Moroder|Georgio Moroder]] scriptus et a [[Gianna Nannini]] una cum [[Eduardus Bennato|Eduardo Bennato]] cantus est. == Participes certaminis civitates == [[Fasciculus:1990 world cup.png |350px|right|thumb|Nationes ludentes]] Certamini hae viginti quattuor turmae interfuerunt: * {{AegyptusVex}} * {{AngliaVex}} * {{ArgentinaVex}} * {{AustriaVex}} * {{BelgiaVex}} * {{BrasiliaVex}} * {{CameroniaVex}} * {{CechoslovaciaVex}} * {{CFAVex}} * {{ColumbiaVex}} * {{Corea meridionalisVex}} * {{GermaniaVex}} Res Publica Foederalis * {{HiberniaVex}} * {{HispaniaVex}} * {{ItaliaVex}} * {{IugoslaviaVex}} * {{NederlandiaVex}} * {{Ora OpulentaVex}} * {{Phylarchiarum Arabicarum ConfoederatioVex}} * {{RomaniaVex}} * {{ScotiaVex}} * {{SueciaVex}} * {{Unio SovieticaVex}} * {{UruguaiaVex}} == Certaminis exitus == {{16ManuumParenthesis <!--Dies-Locus|Manus 1|Score 1|Manus 2|Score 2 --> <!--Octava pars consummationis --> |[[25 Iunii]] | '''{{ItaliaVex}}''' |2| {{UruguaiaVex}} |0 | [[25 Iunii]] |''' {{HiberniaVex}}''' |5[0] | {{RomaniaVex}} <small>(iactus poenales)</small> |5[0] | [[26 Iunii]] | '''{{HispaniaVex}}''' <br /><small> (Tempus additicium)</small> |1| {{IugoslaviaVex}} |2 | [[24 Iunii]]| '''{{ArgentiniaVex}}''' |1 | {{BrasiliaVex}} | 0 | [[24 Iunii]] | '''{{GermaniaVex}}''' |2| {{NederlandiaVex}} |1 | [[23 Iunii]] | '''{{CechoslovaciaVex}}''' |4| {{Ora OpulentaVex}} |1 | [[26 Iunii]] | '''{{AngliaVex}}''' <br /><small> (Tempus additicium)</small>|1| {{BelgiaVex}}|0 | [[23 Iunii]] |''' {{CameroniaVex}}'''<br /><small> (Tempus additicium)</small> |2| {{ColumbiaVex}} |1 <!--Quarta pars consummationis --> <!--NOTE: Do not add teams here until the matches are completed--> |[[30 Iunii]] | '''{{ItaliaVex}}''' |1| {{HiberniaVex}} |0 |[[30 Iunii]] | {{IugoslaviaVex}} <small>(iactus poenales)</small> |2[0]| '''{{ArgentinaVex}}''' |3[0] |[[1 Iulii]] | '''{{GermaniaVex}}''' |1| {{CechoslovaciaVex}} |0 |[[1 Iulii]] |'''{{AngliaVex}}''' |3|{{CameroniaVex}}<br /><small>(Tempus additicium)</small> |2 <!--Praeconsummatio --> |[[3 Iulii]] | {{ItaliaVex}} |3[1] |'''{{ArgentinaVex}}''' <small>(iactus poenales)</small> |4[1] |[[3 Iulii]] |{{AngliaVex}} | 4[1]|'''{{GermaniaVex }}''' <small>(iactus poenales)</small>| 3[1] <!--Consummatio --> |[[8 Iulii]] |'''{{GermaniaVex}}''' | 1 |{{ArgentinaVex}} | 0 <!--Tertius locus --> |[[7 Iulii]] |'''{{ItaliaVex}}'''|2 |{{AngliaVex}}|1 }} == Consummatio == <center>'''{{GermaniaVex}} Res Publica Foederalis 1:0 {{ArgentiniaVex}}''' 08 Iulii 1990<br> [[Stadium Olympicum Romae]]<br></center> '''Arbitro:''' Edgardus Codesal ([[Mexicum]])<br> '''Adiutores:''' Michael Listkiewicz ([[Polonia]]), Hermannus Pérez Hoyos ([[Columbia]])<br> '''Chartulae flavae:''' Dezotti, Völler, Troglio, Maradona<br> '''Chartulae rubrae:''' [[Petrus Monzón]] 65', [[Gustavus Dezotti]] 87' '''Puncti:''' [[Andreas Brehme]] 85' (iactus poenalis) '''Germania R.P.F.:''' 1. [[Bodo Illgner]], 5. [[Nicolaus Augenthaler]], 6. [[Guido Buchwald]], 4. [[Georgius Köhler]], 14. [[Thomas Berthold]] (2. [[Stephanus Reuter]] 73'), 3. [[Andreas Brehme]], 8. [[Thomas Häßler]], 10. [[Lotharius Matthäus]] (capitanem), 7. [[Petrus Littbarski]], 9. [[Rudolphus Völler]], 18. [[Georgius Klinsmann]]<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Franciscus Beckenbauer]] '''Argentinia:''' 12. [[Sergius Goycochea]], 20. [[Ioannes Simón]], 18. [[Iosephus Serrizuela]], 19. [[Anscharius Ruggeri]] (15. [[Petrus Monzón]] 46'), 4. [[Iosephus Basualdo]], 17. [[Robertus Sensini]], 13. [[Nestor Lorenzo]], 7. [[Georgius Burruchaga]] (6. [[Gabriel Calderón]] 53'), 10. [[Didacus Maradona]] (capitanem), 21. [[Petrus Troglio]], 9. [[Gustavus Dezotti]]<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Carolus Bilardo]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|FIFA World Cup 1990|Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium 1990}} * [http://fifaworldcup.yahoo.com/ FIFAe Certamen Mundanum] [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] [[Categoria:1990]] avn8mezbmpjassco4l7scto2i0nqqt3 0 94860 3700173 3699941 2022-08-28T00:31:08Z 2804:389:D03B:94F9:A444:A05D:9C59:DADE /* Certamen finale */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Passarella world cup.jpg|thumb|Daniel Passarella]] '''Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium''' anni [[1978]] a turmis athleticis [[Pediludium|pediludicis]] virilibus in [[Argentina]] a die [[1 Iunii]] usque ad diem [[25 Iunii]] celebratum est. Certaminis victor fuit ipsae [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Argentina|Argentinae turma]]. Ultimus lusus pro titulo "Optimi Mundi 1978" in [[stadium|stadio]] ''Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti'' [[Bonaeropolis|Bonaeropoli]] fuit. == Participes certaminis civitates == [[Fasciculus: 1978 world cup.png|350px|right|thumb|Nationes ludentes]] Certamini hae sedecim turmae interfuerunt: * {{ArgentinaVex}} * {{AustriaVex}} * {{BrasiliaVex}} * {{FranciaVex}} * {{GermaniaVex}} Res Publica Foederalis * {{HispaniaVex}} * {{HungariaVex}} * {{IraniaVex}} * {{ItaliaVex}} * {{MexicumVex}} * {{NederlandiaVex}} * {{PeruviaVex}} * {{PoloniaVex}} * {{ScotiaVex}} * {{SueciaVex}} * {{TunesiaVex}} == Certaminis exitus == === Turmarum series 1 === {| style=border-collapse:collapse border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=165|Team !width=20|Pts !width=20|J !width=20|V !width=20|E !width=20|D !width=20|GF !width=20|GC !width=20|SG |- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{ItaliaVex}} |'''6'''||3||3||0||0||6||2||+4 |- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{ArgentinaVex}} |'''4'''||3||2||0||1||4||3||+1 |- align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{FranciaVex}} |'''2'''||3||1||0||2||5||5||0 |- align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{HungariaVex}} |'''0'''||3||0||0||3||3||8||-5 |} *{{ItaliaVex}} 2-1(1-1) {{FranciaVex}} *{{ArgentinaVex}} 2-1(1-1) {{HungariaVex}} *{{ItaliaVex}} 3-1(2-0) {{HungariaVex}} *{{ArgentinaVex}} 2-1(1-0) {{FranciaVex}} *{{FranciaVex}} 3-1(3-1) {{HungariaVex}} *{{ArgentinaVex}} 0-1(0-0) {{ItaliaVex}} === Turmarum series 2 === {| style=border-collapse:collapse border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=165|Team !width=20|Pts !width=20|J !width=20|V !width=20|E !width=20|D !width=20|GF !width=20|GC !width=20|SG |- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{PoloniaVex}} |'''5'''||3||2||1||0||4||1||+3 |- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{GermaniaVex}} Res Publica Foederalis |'''4'''||3||1||2||0||6||0||+6 |- align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{TunesiaVex}} |'''3'''||3||1||1||1||3||2||+1 |- align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{MexicumVex}} |'''0'''||3||0||0||3||2||12||-10 |} === Turmarum series 3 === {| style=border-collapse:collapse border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=165|Team !width=20|Pts !width=20|J !width=20|V !width=20|E !width=20|D !width=20|GF !width=20|GC !width=20|SG |- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{AustriaVex}} |'''4'''||3||2||0||1||3||2||+1 |- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{BrasiliaVex}} |'''4'''||3||1||2||0||2||1||+1 |- align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{HispaniaVex}} |'''3'''||3||1||1||1||2||2||0 |- align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{SueciaVex}} |'''1'''||3||0||1||2||1||3||-2 |} === Turmarum series 4 === {| style=border-collapse:collapse border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=165|Team !width=20|Pts !width=20|J !width=20|V !width=20|E !width=20|D !width=20|GF !width=20|GC !width=20|SG |- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{PeruviaVex}} |'''5'''||3||2||1||0||7||2||+5 |- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{NederlandiaVex}} |'''3'''||3||1||1||1||5||3||+2 |- align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{ScotiaVex}} |'''3'''||3||1||1||1||5||6||-1 |- align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{IraniaVex}} |'''1'''||3||0||1||2||2||8||-6 |} == Suprema certamina == === Turmarum series A === {| style=border-collapse:collapse border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=165|Team !width=20|Pts !width=20|J !width=20|V !width=20|E !width=20|D !width=20|GF !width=20|GC !width=20|SG |- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{NederlandiaVex}} |'''5'''||3||2||1||0||9||4||+5 |- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{ItaliaVex}} |'''3'''||3||1||1||1||2||2||0 |- align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{GermaniaVex}} Res Publica Foederalis |'''2'''||3||0||2||1||4||5||-1 |- align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{AustriaVex}} |'''2'''||3||1||0||2||4||8||-4 |} === Turmarum series B === {| style=border-collapse:collapse border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 |- align=center bgcolor=#efefef !width=165|Team !width=20|Pts !width=20|J !width=20|V !width=20|E !width=20|D !width=20|GF !width=20|GC !width=20|SG |- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{ArgentinaVex}} |'''5'''||3||2||1||0||8||0||+8 |- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{BrasiliaVex}} |'''5'''||3||2||1||0||6||1||+5 |- align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{PoloniaVex}} |'''2'''||3||1||0||2||2||5||-3 |- align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{PeruviaVex}} |'''0'''||3||0||0||3||0||10||-10 |} === De tertio loco === {| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center; width: 80%; margin: 0 auto;" |- !colspan=3|24 de junho - 15:00 |- !colspan=3|[[Estádio Monumental de Nuñez|Estádio Monumental de Núñez]], [[Buenos Aires]] |- !width=40%|{{BrasiliaVex}} !rowspan=2|2 - 1 !width=40%|{{ItaliaVex}} |- !colspan=1|[[Nelinho]] 64'<br />[[Dirceu José Guimarães|Dirceu]] 71' |[[Franco Causio|Causio]] 38' |} === Certamen finale === <center>'''{{ArgentiniaVex}} 3:1 {{BataviaVex}}'''<br> 25 Iunii 1978<br> Stadium Monumental de Núñez, [[Bonaeropolis]]<br></center> '''Arbitro:''' Sergius Gonella ([[Italia]])<br> '''Adiutores:''' Ramon Barreto Ruíz ([[Uruguaia]]), Ericus Linemayr ([[Austria]])<br> '''Chartulae flavae:''' Krol, Ardiles, Larrosa, Suurbier, Poortvliet '''Puncti:''' [[Marius Kempes|Kempes]] 37', [[Dirk Nanninga|Nanninga]] 82', Kempes 104', [[Daniel Bertoni|Bertoni]] 115' '''Argentinia:''' 5. [[Ubaldus Fillol]], 15. [[Georgius Olguín]], 7. [[Ludovicus Galván]], 19. [[Daniel Passarella]] (capitanem), 20. [[Albertus Tarantini]], 2. [[Oswaldus Ardiles]] (12. [[Omar Larrosa]] 66'), 6. [[Americus Gallego]], 4. [[Daniel Bertoni]], 14. [[Leopoldus Luque]], 10. [[Marius Kempes]], 16. [[Anscharius Ortiz]] (9. [[Renatus Houseman]] 75')<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Caesar Ludovicus Menotti]] '''Batavia:''' 8. [[Ioannes Jongbloed]], 5. [[Rudolphus Krol]] (capitanem), 6. [[Guglielmus Jansen]] (20. [[Guglielmus Suurbier]] 73'), 2. [[Ioannes Poortvliet]], 22. [[Ernestus Brandts]], 9. [[Arie Haan]], 10. [[Renatus van de Kerkhof]], 11. [[Guglielmus van de Kerkhof]], 13. [[Ioannes Neeskens]], 16. [[Ioannes Rep]] (18. [[Dirk Nanninga]] 58'), 12. [[Robertus Rensenbrink]]<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Ernestus Happel]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|FIFA World Cup 1978|Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium 1978}} * [http://fifaworldcup.yahoo.com/ FIFAe Certamen Mundanum] [[Categoria:1978]] [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] thhfqap5f9kticirfcbxl2rqrxha035 0 96605 3700172 3699935 2022-08-28T00:24:06Z 2804:389:D03B:94F9:A444:A05D:9C59:DADE /* Certamen finale */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium''' anni [[1954]] a turmis athleticis [[Pediludium|pediludicis]] virilibus in [[Helvetia]] a die [[16 Iunii]] usque ad diem [[4 Iulii]] celebratum est. Certaminis victor fuit turma [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Germanica|Germanica]]. Ultimus lusus pro titulo "Optimi Mundi 1954" in [[stadium|stadio]] ''[[Wankdorf]]'' [[Berna (urbs)|Bernae]] fuit. == Participes certaminum civitates == [[Fasciculus:1954 world cup.png|350px|right|thumb|Nationes ludentes]] Certamini haec sedecim turmae interfuerunt: * {{AngliaVex}} * {{AustriaVex}} * {{BelgiaVex}} * {{BrasiliaVex}} * {{CechoslovaciaVex}} * {{Corea MeridionalisVex}} * {{FranciaVex}} * {{GermaniaVex}} Res Publica Foederalis * {{HelvetiaVex}} * {{HungariaVex}} * {{ItaliaVex}} * {{IugoslaviaVex}} * {{MexicumVex}} * {{ScotiaVex}} * {{UruguaiaVex}} * {{TurciaVex}} == Certaminis exitus == === Turmarum series 1 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !width=165|Team !width=20|Pts !width=20|P !width=20|W !width=20|D !width=20|L !width=20|GP !width=20|GC !width=20|SG |- style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{BrasiliaVex}} |3||2||1||1||0||6||1||5 |- style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{IugoslaviaVex}} |3||2||1||1||0||2||1||1 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{FranciaVex}} |2 ||2||1||0||1||3||3||0 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{MexicumVex}} |'''0'''||2||0||0||2||2||8||-6 |} *{{BrasiliaVex}} 5:0 (4:0) {{MexicumVex}} *{{IugoslaviaVex}} 1:0 (1:0) {{FranciaVex}} *{{BrasiliaVex}} 1:1 a.e.t. (1:1, 0:0) {{IugoslaviaVex}} *{{FranciaVex}} 3:2 (1:0) {{MexicumVex}} === Turmarum series 2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !width=165|Team !width=20|Pts !width=20|P !width=20|W !width=20|D !width=20|L !width=20|GP !width=20|GC !width=20|SG |- style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{HungariaVex}} |4||2||2||0||0||17||3||14 |- style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"| {{GermaniaVex}} Res Publica Foederalis |4||3||2||0||1||14||11||3 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{TurciaVex}} |2||3||1||0||2||10||11||-1 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Corea MeridionalisVex}} |'''0'''||2||0||0||2||0||16||-16 |} *{{GermaniaVex}} Res Publica Foederalis 7:2 (3:1) {{TurciaVex}} *{{GermaniaVex}} Res Publica Foederalis 4:1 (1:1) {{TurciaVex}} *{{HungariaVex}} 9:0 (4:0) {{Corea MeridionalisVex}} *{{HungariaVex}} 8:3 (3:1) {{GermaniaVex}} Res Publica Foederalis *{{TurciaVex}} 7:0 (4:0) {{Corea MeridionalisVex}} === Turmarum series 3 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !width=165|Team !width=20|Pts !width=20|P !width=20|W !width=20|D !width=20|L !width=20|GP !width=20|GC !width=20|SG |- style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{UruguaiaVex}} |4||2||2||0||0||9||0||9 |- style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{AustriaVex}} |4||2||2||0||0||6||0||6 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{CechoslovaciaVex}} |'''0'''||2||0||0||2||0||7||-7 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{ScotiaVex}} |'''0'''||2||0||0||2||0||8||-8 |} *{{UruguaiaVex}} 2:0 (0:0) {{CechoslovaciaVex}} *{{AustriaVex}} 1:0 (1:0) {{ScotiaVex}} *{{AustriaVex}} 5:0 (4:0) {{CechoslovaciaVex}} *{{UruguaiaVex}} 7:0 (2:0) {{ScotiaVex}} === Turmarum series 4 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !width=165|Team !width=20|Pts !width=20|P !width=20|W !width=20|D !width=20|L !width=20|GP !width=20|GC !width=20|SG |- style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{HelvetiaVex}} |4||3||2||0||1||6||4||2 |- style="background:#ccffcc;" |style="text-align:left;"|{{AngliaVex}} |3||2||1||1||0||6||4||2 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{ItaliaVex}} |2||3||1||0||2||6||7||-1 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{BelgiaVex}} |'''1'''||2||0||1||1||5||8||-3 |} *{{AngliaVex}} 4:4 a.e.t. (3:3, 2:1) {{BelgiaVex}} *{{HelvetiaVex}} 2:1 (1:1) {{ItaliaVex}} *{{AngliaVex}} 2:0 (1:0) {{HelvetiaVex}} *{{ItaliaVex}} 4:1 (1:0) {{BelgiaVex}} *{{HelvetiaVex}} 4:1 (1:0) {{ItaliaVex}} ==== 8 manuum ==== *{{GermaniaVex}} Res Publica Foederalis 2:0 (1:0) {{IugoslaviaVex}} *{{HungariaVex}} 4:2 (2:1) {{BrasiliaVex}} *{{AustriaVex}} 7:5 (5:4) {{HelvetiaVex}} *{{UruguaiaVex}} 4:2 (2:1) {{AngliaVex}} ==== 4 mannum ==== *{{GermaniaVex}} Res Publica Foederalis 6:1 (1:0) {{AustriaVex}} *{{HungariaVex}} 4:2 a.e.t. (2:2, 1:0) {{UruguaiaVex}} ==== De tertio loco ==== *{{AustriaVex}} 3:1 (1:1) {{UruguaiaVex}} ==== Certamen finale ==== <center>'''{{GermaniaVex}} Res Publica Foederalis 3:2 (2:2) {{HungariaVex}}''' 04 Iulii 1954<br> Stadium Wankdorf, [[Berna]]<br></center> '''Arbitro:''' Guglielmus Ling ([[Anglia]])<br> '''Adiutores:''' Vincentius Orlandini ([[Italia]]), Mervyn Griffiths ([[Cambria]]) '''Puncti:''' [[Franciscus Puskás]] 6', [[Zoltán Czibor]] 8', [[Maximilianus Morlock]] 10', [[Helimutus Rahn]] 18', 84' '''Germania R.P.F.:''' 1. [[Antonius Turek]], 7. [[Iosephus Posipal]], 3. [[Guarnerius Kohlmeyer]], 10. [[Guarnerius Liebrich]], 8. [[Carolus Mai]], 6. [[Horst Eckel]], 13. [[Maximilianus Morlock]], 12. [[Helimutus Rahn]], 15. [[Othmar Walter]], 16. [[Fridericus Walter]] (capitanem), 20. [[Ioannes Schäfer]]<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Iosephus Herberger]] '''Hungaria:''' 1. [[Gyula Grosics]], 2. [[Eugenius Buzánszky]], 3. [[Gyula Lóránt]], 4. [[Michael Lantos]], 5. [[Iosephus Bozsik]], 9. [[Ferdinandus Hidegkuti]], 6. [[Iosephus Zakariás]], 11. [[Zoltán Czibor]], 8. [[Alexander Kocsis]], 10. [[Franciscus Puskás]] (capitanem), 20. [[Michael Tóth]]<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Gustavus Sebes]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|FIFA World Cup 1954|Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium 1954}} * [http://fifaworldcup.yahoo.com/ FIFAe Certamen Mundanum] [[Categoria:1954]] [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] ajxql7sgndia2ze98fci5jsllsfgrlm 0 96610 3700169 3699926 2022-08-28T00:18:53Z 2804:389:D03B:94F9:A444:A05D:9C59:DADE /* Certamen finale */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium''' anni [[1934]] a turmis athleticis [[Pediludium|pediludicis]] virilibus in [[Italia]] a die [[27 Maii]] usque ad diem [[10 Iunii]] celebratum est. Certaminis victor fuit ipsa turma [[Turma Nationalis Italica (pediludium)|Italiana]]. Ultimus lusus pro titulo "Optimi Mundi 1934" [[Roma]]e in ''[[stadium|stadio]] Nazionale del Partito Nazionale Fascista'' fuit. == Participes certaminum civitates == [[Fasciculus:1934 world cup.png|350px|right|thumb|Nationes ludentes]] Certamini haec sedecim turmae interfuerunt: * {{AegyptusVex}} * {{ArgentiniaVex}} * {{AustriaVex}} * {{BelgiaVex}} * {{BrasiliaVex}} * {{CechoslovaciaVex}} * {{CFAVex}} * {{FranciaVex}} * {{GermaniaNazistaVex}} * {{HelvetiaVex}} * {{HispaniaRespublicaVex}} * {{HungariaVex}} * {{Regnum Italicum (1861-1946)Vex}} * {{NederlandiaVex}} * {{SueciaVex}} * {{RomaniaVex}} == 1st match == {{16ManuumParenthesis <!--Dies-Locus|Manus 1|Score 1|Manus 2|Score 2 --> <!--Ocatva pars consummationis --> | [[27 May]] | '''{{Regnum Italicum (1861-1946)Vex}}''' |'''7'''| {{CFAVex}} |1 | [[27 May]] | '''{{HispaniaRespublicaVex}}''' |'''3'''| {{BrasiliaVex}} |1 | [[27 May]] | '''{{AustriaVex}}''' (pro.) |'''3'''| {{FranciaVex}} |2 | [[27 May]] | '''{{HungariaVex}}''' |'''4'''| {{AegyptusVex}} |2 | [[27 May]] | '''{{CechoslovaciaVex}}''' |'''2'''| {{RomaniaVex}} |1 | [[27 May]] | '''{{HelvetiaVex}}''' |'''3'''| {{NederlandiaVex}} |2 | [[27 May]] | '''{{GermaniaNazistaVex}}''' |'''5'''| {{BelgiaVex}} |2 | [[27 May]] | '''{{SueciaVex}}''' |'''3'''| {{ArgentiniaVex}} |2 <!--Quarta pars consummationis --> |[[31 May]]<br />(replayed [[1 Iunii]]) | '''{{Regnum Italicum (1861-1946)Vex}}'''|'''1 (1)'''| {{HispaniaRespublicaVex}} |1 (0) |[[31 May]] | '''{{AustriaVex}}''' |'''2'''| {{HungariaVex}} |1 |[[31 May]] | '''{{CechoslovaciaVex}}''' |'''3'''| {{HelvetiaVex}} |2 |[[31 May]] | '''{{GermaniaNazistaVex}}''' |'''2'''| {{SueciaVex}} |1 <!--Praeconsummatio --> |[[3 Iunii]] |'''{{Regnum Italicum (1861-1946)Vex}}''' |'''1'''|{{AustriaVex}}|0 |[[3 Iunii]] |'''{{CechoslovaciaVex}}''' |'''3'''|{{GermaniaNazistaVex}} |1 <!--Consummatio --> |[[10 Iunii]] |'''{{Regnum Italicum (1861-1946)Vex}}''' (pro.)|'''2'''|{{CechoslovaciaVex}}|1 <!--Tertius locus --> |[[7 Iunii]] |{{AustriaVex}}|2|'''{{GermaniaNazistaVex}}'''|'''3''' }} == Certamen finale == <center> '''{{ItaliaVex}} 2:1 {{CechoslovaciaVex}}''' 10 Iunii 1934<br> Stadium [[Factio nationalis fascistica|PNF]], [[Roma]]<br></center> '''Arbitro:''' Ioannes Eklind ([[Suecia]])<br> '''Adiutores:''' Alfredus Birlem ([[Germania]]), Michael Ivancsics ([[Hungaria]]) '''Puncti:''' [[Antonius Puč]] 71', [[Raimundus Orsi]] 81', [[Angelus Schiavio]] 95' '''Italia:''' [[Ioannes Petrus Combi]] (capitanem), [[Heraldus Monzeglio]], [[Ludovicus Allemandi]], [[Attilius Ferraris]], [[Ludovicus Monti]], [[Ludovicus Bertolini]], [[Henricus Guaita]], [[Iosephus Meazza]], [[Angelus Schiavio]], [[Ioannes Ferrari]], [[Raimundus Orsi]]<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Victorius Pozzo]] '''Cechoslovacia:''' [[Franciscus Plánička]] (capitanem), [[Iosephus Čtyřoký]], [[Ladislaus Ženíšek]], [[Rudolphus Krčil]], [[Stephanus Čambal]], [[Iosephus Košťálek]], [[Antonius Puč]], [[Huldericus Nejedlý]], [[Franciscus Svoboda]], [[Franciscus Junek]], [[Georgius Sobotka]]<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Carolus Petrů]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|FIFA World Cup 1934|Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium 1934}} * [http://fifaworldcup.yahoo.com/ FIFAe Certamen Mundanum] [[Categoria:1934]] [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] 8vh73mfp9qvv8kzb0psno61kndtzw5g 0 96611 3700166 3699924 2022-08-28T00:13:55Z 2804:389:D03B:94F9:A444:A05D:9C59:DADE /* Final */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Certamen mundanum pedilusorium''' anni [[1930]], primum omnium, a turmis [[Pediludium|pedilusoriis]] virorum in [[Uruguaia]] a die [[13 Iulii]] usque ad diem [[30 Iulii]] celebratum est. Victor certaminis fuit ipsa turma [[Turma pediludica nationalis Uruguaiana|Uruguaiana]]. Ultimus lusus pro titulo "Optimi Mundi 1930" [[Montevideo|Monte Visivo]] in ''[[stadium|stadio]] centenario'' fuit. == Civitates participes certaminis == [[Fasciculus:1930 world cup.png|350px|right|thumb|Nationes ludentes]] Certamini hae tredecim turmae interfuerunt: * {{ArgentiniaVex}} * {{BelgiaVex}} * {{BoliviaVex}} * {{BrasiliaVex}} * {{ChiliaVex}} * {{CFAVex}} * {{FranciaVex}} * {{IugoslaviaVex}} * {{MexicumVex}} * {{ParaguaiaVex}} * {{PeruviaVex}} * {{RomaniaVex}} * {{UruguaiaVex}} == Group Stage == === Group 1 === {| style="text-align: center;" |- !width="25"|Pos. !width="165"|Team !width="20"|Pts !width="20"|P !width="20"|W !width="20"|D !width="20"|L !width="20"|GP !width="20"|GC !width="20"|SG |- style="background:#ccffcc;" | 1||align="left"|{{ArgentiniaVex}} |'''6'''||3||3||0||0||10||4||6 |- | 2||align="left"|{{ChiliaVex}} |'''4'''||3||2||0||1||5||3||2 |- | 3||align="left"|{{FranciaVex}} |'''2'''||3||1||0||2||4||3||1 |- | 4||align="left"|{{MexicumVex}} |'''0'''||3||0||0||3||4||13||-9 |} *{{FranciaVex}} 4:1(3:0) {{MexicumVex}} *{{ArgentiniaVex}} 1:0(0:0) {{FranciaVex}} *{{ChiliaVex}} 3:0(1:0) {{MexicumVex}} *{{ChiliaVex}} 1:0(0:0) {{FranciaVex}} *{{ArgentiniaVex}} 6:3(3:1) {{MexicumVex}} *{{ArgentiniaVex}} 3:1(2:1) {{ChiliaVex}} === Group 2 === {| style="text-align: center;" |- !width="25"|Pos. !width="165"|Team !width="20"|Pts !width="20"|P !width="20"|W !width="20"|D !width="20"|L !width="20"|GP !width="20"|GC !width="20"|SG |- style="background:#ccffcc;" | 1||align="left"|{{IugoslaviaVex}} |'''4'''||2||2||0||0||6||1||5 |- | 2||align="left"|{{BrasiliaVex}} |'''2'''||2||1||0||1||5||2||3 |- | 3||align="left"|{{BoliviaVex}} |'''0'''||2||0||0||2||0||8||-8 |} *{{IugoslaviaVex}} 2:1(2:0) {{BrasiliaVex}} *{{IugoslaviaVex}} 4:0(0:0) {{BoliviaVex}} *{{BrasiliaVex}} 4:0(1:0) {{BoliviaVex}} === Group 3 === {| style="text-align: center;" |- !width="25"|Pos. !width="165"|Team !width="20"|Pts !width="20"|P !width="20"|W !width="20"|D !width="20"|L !width="20"|GP !width="20"|GC !width="20"|SG |- style="background:#ccffcc;" | 1||align="left"|{{UruguaiaVex}} |'''4'''||2||2||0||0||5||0||5 |- | 2||align="left"|{{RomaniaVex}} |'''2'''||2||1||0||1||3||5||-2 |- | 3||align="left"|{{PeruviaVex}} |'''0'''||2||0||0||2||1||4||-3 |} *{{RomaniaVex}} 3:1(1:0) {{PeruviaVex}} *{{UruguaiaVex}} 1:0(0:0) {{PeruviaVex}} *{{UruguaiaVex}} 4:0(4:0) {{RomaniaVex}} === Group 4 === {| style="text-align: center;" |- !width="25"|Pos. !width="165"|Team !width="20"|Pts !width="20"|P !width="20"|W !width="20"|D !width="20"|L !width="20"|GP !width="20"|GC !width="20"|SG |- style="background:#ccffcc;" | 1||align="left"|{{CFAVex}} |'''4'''||2||2||0||0||6||0||6 |- | 2||align="left"|{{ParaguaiaVex}} |'''2'''||2||1||0||1||1||3||-2 |- | 3||align="left"|{{BelgiaVex}} |'''0'''||2||0||0||2||0||4||-4 |} *{{CFAVex}} 3:0(2:0) {{BelgiaVex}} *{{CFAVex}} 3:0(2:0) {{ParaguaiaVex}} *{{ParaguaiaVex}} 1:0(1:0) {{BelgiaVex}} === Semifinals === *{{ArgentiniaVex}} 6:1(1:0) {{CFAVex}} *{{UruguaiaVex}} 6:1(3:1) {{IugoslaviaVex}} === Final === <center> '''{{UruguaiaVex}} 4:2(1:2) {{ArgentiniaVex}}''' 30 Iulii 1930<br> Stadium Centenarium, [[Urbs Montis Videi]]<br></center> '''Arbitro:''' Ioannes Langenus ([[Belgia]])<br> '''Adiutores:''' Henricus Christophe ([[Belgia]]), Ulysses Saucedo ([[Bolivia]]) '''Puncti:''' [[Paulus Dorado]] 12', [[Carolus Peucelle]] 20', [[Guglielmus Stábile]] 38', [[Petrus Cea]] 58', [[Santos Iriarte]] 68', [[Hector Castro]] 89' '''Uruguaia:''' [[Henricus Ballesteros]], [[Iosephus Nasazzi]] (capitanem), [[Ernestus Mascheroni]], [[Iosephus Andrade]], [[Laurentius Fernandez]], [[Alvaro Gestido]], [[Paulus Dorado]], [[Hector Scarone]], [[Hector Castro]], [[Petrus Cea]], [[Santos Iriarte]]<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Albertus Supicci]] '''Argentinia:''' [[Ioannes Botasso]], [[Iosephus Della Torre]], [[Ferdinandus Paternoster]], [[Ioannes Evaristo]], [[Ludovicus Monti]], [[Petrus Suárez]], [[Carolus Peucelle]], [[Franciscus Varallo]], [[Guglielmus Stábile]], [[Manuel Ferreira]] (capitanem), [[Marius Evaristo]]<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Franciscus Olazar]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|FIFA World Cup 1930|Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium 1930}} * [http://fifaworldcup.yahoo.com/ Certamen mundanum FIFA] [[Categoria:1930]] [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] 0zdjocttfow6qie4i8j0vfx0xa3iz7y 0 97205 3700163 2831993 2022-08-27T23:50:29Z 2804:389:D03B:94F9:D0DE:5A52:8FE0:5C82 /* Suprema certamina */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Teixeiralula13042007.jpg|300 px|thumb|[[Ricardus Teixeira]] (ad sinistram), Societatis Pedilusoriae Brasiliensis Praeses et Brasiliae praeses [[Ludovicus Ignatius Lula da Silva|Lula]] certaminis signum ostentant]] ''' Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium''' anni [[2014]] a turmis athleticis [[Pediludium|pedilusoriis]] virilibus in [[Brasilia]] a die [[12 Iunii]] usque ad diem [[13 Iulii]] secundum societatis [[FIFA]] decretum die [[30 Octobris]] [[2007]] celebratur. Ultimus lusus pro titulo "Optimi Mundi 2014" in [[stadium|stadio]] ''Maracanã'' [[Urbs Fluminensis|Urbe Fluminensi]] fuit. Certaminis victor fuit [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Germanica|Germania]]. == Participes certaminis civitates == [[Fasciculus:2014 world cup qualification.PNG|350px|right|thumb|Nationes hac vice participes ([[caeruleus|caerulae]] pictae)]] Principio certaminibus interfuerunt hae 32 turmae: * {{AequatoriaVex}} * {{AlgerumVex}} * {{AngliaVex}} * {{ArgentinaVex}} * {{AustraliaVex}} * {{BataviaVex}} * {{BelgiaVex}} * {{BosniaVex}} * {{BrasiliaVex}} * {{CameroniaVex}} * {{ChiliaVex}} * {{CFAVex}} * {{Corea MeridionalisVex}} * {{CroatiaVex}} * {{ColumbiaVex}} * {{FrancogalliaVex}} * {{GanaVex}} * {{GermaniaVex}} * {{GraeciaVex}} * {{HelvetiaVex}} * {{HispaniaVex}} * {{HonduriaVex}} * {{IaponiaVex}} * {{IraniaVex}} * {{ItaliaVex}} * {{Litus EburneumVex}} * {{LusitaniaVex}} * {{MexicumVex}} * {{NigeriaVex}} * {{CostaricaVex}} * {{RussiaVex}} * {{UruguaiaVex}} == Certaminis exitus == === Tempus primum === ==== Turmarum series A ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Team !width="30"|Pts !width="25"|P !width="25"|W !width="25"|D !width="25"|L !width="25"|GP !width="25"|GC !width="25"|SG |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{BrasiliaVex}}||'''7'''||3||2||1||0||7||2||+5 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{MexicumVex}}||'''7'''||3||2||1||0||4||1||+3 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{CroatiaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||6||6||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{CameroniaVex}}||'''0'''||3||0||0||3||1||9||-8 |} {| class="wikitable" style="width:410px;" | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |12 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Brasiliensis|Brasilia]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Croatica|Croatia]] | 3 : 1 (1 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |13 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Mexicana|Mexicum]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Cameronensis|Cameronia]] | 1 : 0 (0 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |17 Iunii 2014 |- | Brasilia | align="center"|– | Mexicum | 0 : 0 (0 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |18 Iunii 2014 |- | Cameronia | align="center"|– | Croatia | 0 : 4 (0 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |23 Iunii 2014 |- | Cameronia | align="center"|– | Brasilia | 1 : 4 (1 : 2) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |23 Iunii 2014 |- | Croatia | align="center"|– | Mexicum | 1 : 3 (0 : 0) |} ==== Turmarum series B ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Team !width="30"|Pts !width="25"|P !width="25"|W !width="25"|D !width="25"|L !width="25"|GP !width="25"|GC !width="25"|SG |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{NederlandiaVex}}||'''9'''||3||3||0||0||10||3||+7 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{ChiliaVex}}||'''6'''||3||2||0||1||5||3||+2 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{HispaniaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||4||7||-3 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{AustraliaVex}}||'''0'''||3||0||0||3||3||9||-6 |} {| class="wikitable" style="width:410px;" | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |13 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Hispanica|Hispania]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Nederlandica|Nederlandia]] | 1 : 5 (1 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |13 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Chilensis|Chilia]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Australiana|Australia]] | 3 : 1 (2 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |18 Iunii 2014 |- | Australia | align="center"|– | Nederlandia | 2 : 3 (1 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |18 Iunii 2014 |- | Hispania | align="center"|– | Chilia | 0 : 2 (0 : 2) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |23 Iunii 2014 |- | Australia | align="center"|– | Hispania | 0 : 3 (0 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |23 Iunii 2014 |- | Nederlandia | align="center"|– | Chilia | 2 : 0 (0 : 0) |} ==== Turmarum series C ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Team !width="30"|Pts !width="25"|P !width="25"|W !width="25"|D !width="25"|L !width="25"|GP !width="25"|GC !width="25"|SG |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{ColumbiaVex}}||'''9'''||3||3||0||0||9||2||+7 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{GraeciaVex}}||'''4'''||3||1||1||1||2||4||-2 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{Litus EburneumVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||4||5||-1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{IaponiaVex}}||'''1'''||3||0||1||2||2||6||-4 |} {| class="wikitable" style="width:410px;" | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |14 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Columbiana|Columbia]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Graeca|Graecia]] | 3 : 0 (1 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |14 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Litoris Eburnei|Litus Eburneum]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Iaponica|Iaponia]] | 2 : 1 (0 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |19 Iunii 2014 |- | Columbia | align="center"|– | Litus Eburneum | 2 : 1 (0 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |19 Iunii 2014 |- | Iaponia | align="center"|– | Graecia | 0 : 0 (0 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |24 Iunii 2014 |- | Iaponia | align="center"|– | Columbia | 1 : 4 (1 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |24 Iunii 2014 |- | Graecia | align="center"|– | Litus Eburneum | 2 : 1 (1 : 0) |} ==== Turmarum series D ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Team !width="30"|Pts !width="25"|P !width="25"|W !width="25"|D !width="25"|L !width="25"|GP !width="25"|GC !width="25"|SG |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{CostaricaVex}}||'''7'''||3||2||1||0||4||1||+3 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{UruguaiaVex}}||'''6'''||3||2||0||1||4||4||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{ItaliaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||3||-1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{AngliaVex}}||'''1'''||3||0||1||2||2||4||-2 |} {| class="wikitable" style="width:410px;" | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |14 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma pedilusoria nationalis Uruguaiana|Uruguaia]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Orae Opulentae|Ora Opulenta]] | 1 : 3 (1 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |14 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Anglica|Anglia]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Italica|Italia]] | 1 : 2 (1 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |19 Iunii 2014 |- | Uruguaia | align="center"|– | Anglia | 2 : 1 (1 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |20 Iunii 2014 |- | Italia | align="center"|– | Ora Opulenta | 0 : 1 (0 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |24 Iunii 2014 |- | Italia | align="center"|– | Uruguaia | 0 : 1 (0 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |24 Iunii 2014 |- | Ora Opulenta | align="center"|– | Anglia | 0 : 0 (0 : 0) |} ==== Turmarum series E ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Team !width="30"|Pts !width="25"|P !width="25"|W !width="25"|D !width="25"|L !width="25"|GP !width="25"|GC !width="25"|SG |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{FrancogalliaVex}}||'''7'''||3||2||1||0||8||2||+6 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{HelvetiaVex}}||'''6'''||3||2||0||1||7||6||+1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{AequatoriaVex}}||'''4'''||3||1||1||1||3||3||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{HonduriaVex}}||'''0'''||3||0||0||3||1||8||-7 |} {| class="wikitable" style="width:410px;" | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |15 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Helvetica|Helvetia]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Aequatoriana|Aequatoria]] | 2 : 1 (0 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |15 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Francica|Francia]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Honduriana|Honduria]] | 3 : 0 (1 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |20 Iunii 2014 |- | Helvetia | align="center"|– | Francia | 2 : 5 (0 : 3) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |20 Iunii 2014 |- | Honduria | align="center"|– | Aequatoria | 1 : 2 (1 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |25 Iunii 2014 |- | Honduria | align="center"|– | Helvetia | 0 : 3 (0 : 2) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |25 Iunii 2014 |- | Aequatoria | align="center"|– | Francia | 0 : 0 (0 : 0) |} ==== Turmarum series F ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Team !width="30"|Pts !width="25"|P !width="25"|W !width="25"|D !width="25"|L !width="25"|GP !width="25"|GC !width="25"|SG |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{ArgentinaVex}}||'''9'''||3||3||0||0||6||3||+3 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{NigeriaVex}}||'''4'''||3||1||1||1||3||3||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{BosniaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||4||4||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{IraniaVex}}||'''1'''||3||0||1||2||1||4||-3 |} {| class="wikitable" style="width:410px;" | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |15 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Argentina|Argentina]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Bosniaca|Bosnia]] | 2 : 1 (1 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |16 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Iraniana|Irania]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Nigeriana|Nigeria]] | 0 : 0 |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |21 Iunii 2014 |- | Argentina | align="center"|– | Irania | 1 : 0 (0 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |21 Iunii 2014 |- | Nigeria | align="center"|– | Bosnia | 1 : 0 (1 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |25 Iunii 2014 |- | Nigeria | align="center"|– | Argentina | 2 : 3 (1 : 2) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |25 Iunii 2014 |- | Bosnia | align="center"|– | Irania | 3 : 1 (1 : 0) |} ==== Turmarum series G ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Team !width="30"|Pts !width="25"|P !width="25"|W !width="25"|D !width="25"|L !width="25"|GP !width="25"|GC !width="25"|SG |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{GermaniaVex}}||'''7'''||3||2||1||0||7||2||+5 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{CFAVex}}||'''4'''||3||1||1||1||4||4||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{LusitaniaVex}}||'''4'''||3||1||1||1||4||7||-3 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{GanaVex}}||'''1'''||3||0||1||2||4||6||-2 |} {| class="wikitable" style="width:410px;" | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |16 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Germanica|Germania]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Lusitana|Lusitania]] | 4 : 0 (3 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |16 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Ganensis|Gania]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Civitatum Foederatarum Americae|CFA]] | 1 : 2 (0 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |21 Iunii 2014 |- | Germania | align="center"|– | Gana | 2 : 2 (0 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |22 Iunii 2014 |- | CFA | align="center"|– | Lusitania | 2 : 2 (0 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |26 Iunii 2014 |- | CFA | align="center"|– | Germania | 0 : 1 (0 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |26 Iunii 2014 |- | Lusitania | align="center"|– | Gana | 2 : 1 (1 : 1) |} ==== Turmarum series H ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Team !width="30"|Pts !width="25"|P !width="25"|W !width="25"|D !width="25"|L !width="25"|GP !width="25"|GC !width="25"|SG |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{BelgiaVex}}||'''9'''||3||3||0||0||4||1||+3 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{AlgerumVex}}||'''4'''||3||1||1||1||6||5||+1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{RussiaVex}}||'''2'''||3||0||2||1||2||3||-1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{Corea MeridionalisVex}}||'''1'''||3||0||1||2||3||6||-3 |} {| class="wikitable" style="width:410px;" | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |17 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Belgica|Belgia]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Algerina|Algerium]] | 2 : 1 (0 : 1) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |17 Iunii 2014 |- | [[Turma Nationalis Pedilusoria Russica|Russia]] | align="center"|– | [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Coreae Meridionalis|Corea Meridionalis]] | 1 : 1 (0 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |22 Iunii 2014 |- | Corea Meridionalis | align="center"|– | Algerium | 2 : 4 (0 : 3) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |22 Iunii 2014 |- | Belgia | align="center"|– | Russia | 1 : 0 (0 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |26 Iunii 2014 |- | Corea Meridionalis | align="center"|– | Belgia | 0 : 1 (0 : 0) |- | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" |26 Iunii 2014 |- | Algerium | align="center"|– | Russia | 1 : 1 (0 : 1) |} == Suprema certamina == <small>Omnes horae indicatae ad loca ubi certamen habetur pertinent , '''[[UTC]]+ ?'''</small> {{16ManuumParenthesis <!--Dies-Locus|Manus 1|Score 1|Manus 2|Score 2 --> <!--Ocatva pars consummationis --> | [[28 Iunii]] - Belo Horizonte |'''{{BrasiliaVex}}''' (pen) |'''1(3)'''| {{ChiliaVex}} |1(2) | [[28 Iunii]] - Rio de Janeiro | '''{{ColumbiaVex}}''' |'''2'''| {{UruguaiaVex}} |0 | [[30 Iunii]] - Brasília | '''{{FranciaVex}}''' |'''2'''| {{NigeriaVex}} |0 | [[30 Iunii]] - Porto Alegre | '''{{GermaniaVex}}''' (aet) |'''2'''| {{AlgeriumVex}} |1 | [[29 Iunii]] - Fortaleza | '''{{NederlandiaVex}}''' |'''2'''| {{MexicumVex}} |1 | [[29 Iunii]] - Recife | '''{{Ora OpulentaVex}}''' (pen) |'''1(5)'''| {{GraeciaVex}} |1(3) | [[1 Iulii]] - São Paulo |'''{{ArgentinaVex}}''' (aet)|'''1'''| {{HelvetiaVex}} |0 | [[1 Iulii]] - Salvador | '''{{BelgiaVex}}''' (aet) |'''2'''| {{CFAVex}} |1 <!--Quarta pars consummationis --> <!--NOTE: Do not add teams here until the matches are completed--> |[[4 Iulii]] - Fortaleza | '''{{BrasiliaVex}}'''|'''2'''| {{ColumbiaVex}} |1 |[[4 Iulii]] - Rio de Janeiro | {{FranciaVex}} |0| '''{{GermaniaVex}}''' |'''1''' |[[5 Iulii]] - Salvador | '''{{NederlandiaVex}}''' (pen)|'''0(4)'''| {{Ora OpulentaVex}} |0(3) |[[5 Iulii]] - Brasília | '''{{ArgentinaVex}}'''|'''1'''| {{BelgiaVex}} |0 <!--Praeconsummatio --> |[[8 Iulii]] - Belo Horizonte|{{BrasiliaVex}}|1|'''{{GermaniaVex}}'''|'''7''' |[[9 Iulii]] - São Paulo|{{NederlandiaVex}} |0(2)|'''{{ArgentinaVex}}''' (pen)|'''0(4)''' <!--Consummatio --> |[[13 Iulii]] - Rio de Janeiro|'''{{GermaniaVex}}''' (aet)|'''1'''|{{ArgentinaVex}}|0 <!--Tertius locus --> |[[12 Iulii]] - Brasília|{{BrasiliaVex}}|0|'''{{NederlandiaVex}}'''|'''3''' }} === Consummatio === <center>'''{{GermaniaVex}} 1:0 {{ArgentiniaVex}}''' 13 Iulii 2014<br> Stadium Maracanã, [[Urbs Fluminensis]]<br></center> '''Arbitro:''' Nicolaus Rizzoli ([[Italia]])<br> '''Adiutores:''' Renatus Faverani ([[Italia]]), Andreas Stefani ([[Italia]])<br> '''Chartulae flavae:''' Schweinsteiger, Höwedes, Mascherano, Agüero '''Puncti:''' [[Marius Götze]] 113' '''Germania:''' 1. [[Immanuel Neuer]], 16. [[Philippus Lahm]] (capitanem), 20. [[Hieronymus Boateng]], 5. [[Matthias Hummels]], 4. [[Benedictus Höwedes]], 23. [[Christophorus Kramer]] (9. [[Andreas Schürrle]] 32'), 7. [[Bastianus Schweinsteiger]], 18. [[Antonius Kroos]], 13. [[Thomas Müller]], 11. [[Miroslaus Klose]] (19. [[Marius Götze]] 88'), 8. [[Mesut Özil]] (17. [[Per Mertesacker]] 120')<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Ioachim Löw]] '''Argentinia:''' 1. [[Sergius Romero]], 4. [[Paulus Zabaleta]], 15. [[Martinus Demichelis]], 2. [[Ezechiel Garay]], 16. [[Marcus Rojo]], 14. [[Xaverius Mascherano]], 6.[[Lucas Biglia]], 8. [[Aentius Pérez]] (5. [[Ferdinandus Gago]] 86'), 10. [[Leonillus Messi]] (capitanem), 22. [[Ezechiel Lavezzi]] (20. [[Sergius Agüero]] 45'), 9. [[Gundisalvus Higuaín]] (18. [[Rodericus Palacio]] 78')<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Alexander Sabella]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|FIFA World Cup 2014|Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium 2014}} * [http://globoesporte.globo.com/ESP/0,,GF45175-6093,00.html De certaminis stadiis] [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] [[Categoria:2014]] jieabtte857e5ijwsxhg2869rpsay54 0 97487 3700174 3184349 2022-08-28T00:32:25Z 2804:389:D03B:94F9:A444:A05D:9C59:DADE wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Dunga''' (natus ''Carolus Caietanus Bledorn Verri'' in ''[[Rio Grande do Sul]]'' die [[31 Octobris]] [[1963]]) est [[pedilusor]] qui [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Brasiliensis|Turmae Pediludicae Nationalis Brasiliensis]] pedilusorum est palaestricus magister.<ref>Confer [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''allenatore'' in {{Castiglioni}}.</ref> Ipse cum turmis ''[[AC Fiorentina]]'' et ''[[VfB Stuttgart]]'' lusit, sed etiam Turmae Nationalis Brasilianae lusor fuit, quacum [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (1994)|Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] anno [[1994]] vicit. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Dunga|Dungam}} * [http://www.weltfussball.de/spieler_profil/dunga/ Pedilusoris statisticae] == Nota == <references/> {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dunga}} [[Categoria:Nati 1963]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Pedilusores Brasiliae]] br8blp8npjfzibfmjiv7cy2ov467q84 3700175 3700174 2022-08-28T00:33:30Z 2804:389:D03B:94F9:A444:A05D:9C59:DADE wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Dunga''' (natus ''Carolus Caietanus Bledorn Verri'' in [[Ijuhy]], [[Magnus Flumen Meridionalis]] die [[31 Octobris]] [[1963]]) est [[pedilusor]] qui [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Brasiliensis|Turmae Pediludicae Nationalis Brasiliensis]] pedilusorum est palaestricus magister.<ref>Confer [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''allenatore'' in {{Castiglioni}}.</ref> Ipse cum turmis ''[[AC Fiorentina]]'' et ''[[VfB Stuttgart]]'' lusit, sed etiam Turmae Nationalis Brasilianae lusor fuit, quacum [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (1994)|Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] anno [[1994]] vicit. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Dunga|Dungam}} * [http://www.weltfussball.de/spieler_profil/dunga/ Pedilusoris statisticae] == Nota == <references/> {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dunga}} [[Categoria:Nati 1963]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Pedilusores Brasiliae]] 4pxuwleq95nlfh6b80do9cnmnz51wvy 0 102244 3700100 3267647 2022-08-27T19:18:27Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Auguste Perdonnet atelier Nadar BNF Gallica.jpg|thumb|Albertus Augustus Perdonnet.]] '''Albertus Augustus Perdonnet''' ([[Lutetia]]e die [[12 Martii]] [[1801]] natus; [[Canua]]e mortuus die [[27 Septembris]] [[1867]]) fuit [[ingeniarius]] [[Francia|Francicus]], cuius nomen inter [[homines 72 in inscriptionibus Turris Eiffeliae celebrati|septuaginta duos homines in inscriptionibus turris Eiffelianae celebratos]] commemoratur. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{CommuniaCat|Auguste Perdonnet|Albertum Augustum Perdonnet}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Perdonnet, Albertus Augustus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1801]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1867]] [[Categoria:Eruditi Franciae]] [[Categoria:Machinatores]] 69x62n47ahp8zfi7r0ouot10b2cnx70 3700101 3700100 2022-08-27T19:19:55Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Auguste Perdonnet atelier Nadar BNF Gallica.jpg|thumb|Albertus Augustus Perdonnet a [[Nadar]] lucis ope pictus]] '''Albertus Augustus Perdonnet''' ([[Lutetia]]e die [[12 Martii]] [[1801]] natus; [[Canua]]e mortuus die [[27 Septembris]] [[1867]]) fuit [[ingeniarius]] [[Francia|Francicus]], cuius nomen inter [[homines 72 in inscriptionibus Turris Eiffeliae celebrati|septuaginta duos homines in inscriptionibus turris Eiffelianae celebratos]] commemoratur. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{CommuniaCat|Auguste Perdonnet|Albertum Augustum Perdonnet}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Perdonnet, Albertus Augustus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1801]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1867]] [[Categoria:Eruditi Franciae]] [[Categoria:Machinatores]] odo2vg8gj9f2j8wk2f49qlg8fdesrmt 3700102 3700101 2022-08-27T19:21:52Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Auguste Perdonnet atelier Nadar BNF Gallica.jpg|thumb|Albertus Augustus Perdonnet a [[Nadar]] lucis ope pictus]] '''Albertus Augustus Perdonnet''' ([[Lutetia]]e die [[12 Martii]] [[1801]] natus; [[Canua]]e mortuus die [[27 Septembris]] [[1867]]) fuit [[ingeniarius]] [[Francia|Francicus]] et rector ab [[1862]] usque in [[1867]] [[Schola Centralis Parisiensis|Scholae Centralis Parisiensis]]. Nomen eius inter [[homines 72 in inscriptionibus Turris Eiffeliae celebrati|septuaginta duos homines in inscriptionibus turris Eiffelianae celebratos]] commemoratur. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{CommuniaCat|Auguste Perdonnet|Albertum Augustum Perdonnet}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Perdonnet, Albertus Augustus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1801]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1867]] [[Categoria:Eruditi Franciae]] [[Categoria:Machinatores]] s7rga9qco0aycu9u2duywh4t4wh8bgv 3700103 3700102 2022-08-27T19:22:07Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Professores Scholae Centralis Parisiensis]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Auguste Perdonnet atelier Nadar BNF Gallica.jpg|thumb|Albertus Augustus Perdonnet a [[Nadar]] lucis ope pictus]] '''Albertus Augustus Perdonnet''' ([[Lutetia]]e die [[12 Martii]] [[1801]] natus; [[Canua]]e mortuus die [[27 Septembris]] [[1867]]) fuit [[ingeniarius]] [[Francia|Francicus]] et rector ab [[1862]] usque in [[1867]] [[Schola Centralis Parisiensis|Scholae Centralis Parisiensis]]. Nomen eius inter [[homines 72 in inscriptionibus Turris Eiffeliae celebrati|septuaginta duos homines in inscriptionibus turris Eiffelianae celebratos]] commemoratur. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{CommuniaCat|Auguste Perdonnet|Albertum Augustum Perdonnet}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Perdonnet, Albertus Augustus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1801]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1867]] [[Categoria:Eruditi Franciae]] [[Categoria:Machinatores]] [[Categoria:Professores Scholae Centralis Parisiensis]] t7shn26mwpdqn7626v2i7ov1r5btvxb 0 110874 3700164 3384033 2022-08-28T00:11:13Z 2804:389:D03B:94F9:A444:A05D:9C59:DADE /* Suprema certamina */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Luzhniki Stadium2.jpg|thumb|Stadium ''Lužniki'']] [[Fasciculus:Adidas Telstar 18 in Russia vs. Argentina.jpg|thumb|[[Follis (pediludium)|Follis]] ''Telstar 18'']] '''Certamen mundanum pedilusorium''' anni [[2018]] a turmis athleticis [[Pediludium|pediludicis]] virilibus a die [[14 Iunii|14 mensis Iunii]] [[2018]] usque ad diem [[15 Iulii|15 mensis Iulii]] 2018 in [[Russia]] secundum consilium societatis [[FIFA]] die [[2 Decembris]] [[2010]] captum celebrabatur. == Participes certaminis civitates == [[Fasciculus:2018 world cup qualification.PNG|thumb|Certaminis participes civitates (caeruleo notatae)]] [[Fasciculus:Sdm 4658.jpg|thumb|Cantores [[Aida Garifullina]] (dextra) et [[Robertus Williams]] (sinistra parte pictus)]] Certamini interfuerunt hae turmae: {{div col|5}} * {{AegyptusVex}} * {{AngliaVex}} * {{Arabia SaudianaVex}} * {{ArgentinaVex}} * {{AustraliaVex}} * {{BelgiaVex}} * {{BrasiliaVex}} * {{ColumbiaVex}} * {{Corea MeridionalisVex}} * {{CroatiaVex}} * {{DaniaVex}} * {{FranciaVex}} * {{GermaniaVex}} * {{HelvetiaVex}} * {{HispaniaVex}} * {{IaponiaVex}} * {{IraniaVex}} * {{IslandiaVex}} * {{LusitaniaVex}} * {{MarocumVex}} * {{MexicumVex}} * {{NigeriaVex}} * {{Ora OpulentaVex}} * {{PanamaVex}} * {{PeruviaVex}} * {{PoloniaVex}} * {{RussiaVex}} * {{SenegaliaVex}} * {{SerbiaVex}} * {{SueciaVex}} * {{TunesiaVex}} * {{UruguaiaVex}} {{div col end}} == Caerimonia et initium == Caerimonia et initium certaminis mundani pedilusorium anni 2018 die [[dies Iovis|Iovis]] [[14 Iunii]] 2018 intra [[Stadium Lužniki|stadium ''Lužniki'']] [[Moscua]]e fuit. Pedulisor [[Ronaldus (pedilusor)|Ronaldus]] cum puero in stadium intravit. Cantores Britannicus [[Robertus Williams]] et Russica [[Aida Garifullina]] cecinerunt. == Exitus certaminis == === Tempus primum === ==== Turmarum series A ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{UruguaiaVex}}||'''9'''||3||3||0||0||5||0||+5 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{RussiaVex}}||'''6'''||3||2||0||1||8||4||+4 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{Arabia SaudianaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||7||-5 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{AegyptusVex}}||'''0'''||3||0||0||3||2||6||-4 |} ==== Turmarum series B ==== [[Fasciculus:Portugal-Morocco by soccer.ru 1.jpg|thumb|Portugallia et Marocum]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{HispaniaVex}}||'''5'''||3||1||2||0||6||5||+1 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{LusitaniaVex}}||'''5'''||3||1||2||0||5||4||+1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{IraniaVex}}||'''4'''||3||1||1||1||2||2||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{MarocumVex}}||'''1'''||3||0||1||2||2||4||-2 |} ==== Turmarum series C ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{FranciaVex}}||'''7'''||3||2||1||0||3||1||+2 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{DaniaVex}}||'''5'''||3||1||2||0||2||1||+1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{PeruviaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||2||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{AustraliaVex}}||'''1'''||3||0||1||2||2||5||-3 |} ==== Turmarum series D ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{CroatiaVex}}||'''9'''||3||3||0||0||7||1||+6 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{ArgentinaVex}}||'''4'''||3||1||1||1||3||5||-2 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{NigeriaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||3||4||-1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{IslandiaVex}}||'''1'''||3||0||1||2||2||5||-3 |} ==== Turmarum series E ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{BrasiliaVex}}||'''7'''||3||2||1||0||5||1||+4 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{HelvetiaVex}}||'''5'''||3||1||2||0||5||4||+1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{SerbiaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||4||-2 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{Ora OpulentaVex}}||'''1'''||3||0||1||2||2||5||-3 |} ==== Turmarum series F ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{SueciaVex}}||'''6'''||3||2||0||1||5||2||+3 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{MexicumVex}}||'''6'''||3||2||0||1||3||4||-1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{Corea MeridionalisVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||3||3||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{GermaniaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||4||-2 |} ==== Turmarum series G ==== [[Fasciculus:Bel-Tun (23).jpg|thumb|Belgia et Tunesia]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{BelgiaVex}}||'''9'''||3||3||0||0||9||2||+7 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{AngliaVex}}||'''6'''||3||2||0||1||8||3||+5 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{TunesiaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||5||8||-3 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{PanamaVex}}||'''0'''||3||0||0||3||2||11||-9 |} ==== Turmarum series H ==== [[Fasciculus:JAP-POL (6).jpg|thumb|Iaponia et Polonia]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{ColumbiaVex}}||'''6'''||3||2||0||1||5||2||+3 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{IaponiaVex}}||'''4'''||3||1||1||1||4||4||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{SenegaliaVex}}||'''4'''||3||1||1||4||4||3||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{PoloniaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||5||-3 |} == Suprema certamina == [[Fasciculus:ESP-RUS (22).jpg|thumb|Espania et Russia]] [[Fasciculus:France WC2018 final.jpg|thumb|Pedilusores Francogalli ante certamen ultimum]] [[Fasciculus:Blaise Matuidi World Cup Trophy.jpg|thumb|Blaise Matuidi cum tropaeo]] <!-- <small>Omnes horae indicatae ad loca ubi certamen habetur pertinent , '''[[UTC]]+ ?'''</small> --> {{16ManuumParenthesis <!--Dies-Locus|Manus 1|Score 1|Manus 2|Score 2 --> <!--Ocatva pars consummationis --> | [[30 Iunii]] - [[Sotzium]] | {{UruguaiaVex}} | '''2''' | {{LusitaniaVex}} | 1 | [[30 Iunii]] - [[Casanum]] | {{FranciaVex}} | '''4''' | {{ArgentinaVex}} | 3 | [[2 Iulii]] - [[Samara (Russia)|Samara]] | {{BrasiliaVex}} | '''2''' | {{MexicumVex}} | 0 | [[2 Iulii]] - [[Rostovia ad Tanaim]] | {{BelgiaVex}} | '''3''' | {{IaponiaVex}} | 2 | [[1 Iulii]] - [[Moscua]] | {{HispaniaVex}} |1(3)| {{RussiaVex}} |'''1(4)''' | [[1 Iulii]] - [[Novogardia Inferior]] | {{CroatiaVex}} | '''1(3)''' | {{DaniaVex}} | 1(2) | [[3 Iulii]] - [[Petropolis]] | {{SueciaVex}} | '''1''' | {{HelvetiaVex}} | 0 | [[3 Iulii]] - [[Moscua]] | {{ColumbiaVex}} | 1(3) | {{AngliaVex}} | '''1(4)''' <!--Quarta pars consummationis --> <!--NOTE: Do not add teams here until the matches are completed--> |[[6 Iulii]] - [[Novogardia Inferior]] | {{UruguaiaVex}} | 0 | {{FranciaVex}} |'''2''' |[[6 Iulii]] - [[Casanum]] | {{BrasiliaVex}} | 1 | {{BelgiaVex}} |'''2''' |[[7 Iulii]] - [[Sotzium]] | {{RussiaVex}} | 2(3)| {{CroatiaVex}} |'''2(4)''' |[[7 Iulii]] - [[Samara (Russia)|Samara]] | {{SueciaVex}} | 0 | {{AngliaVex}} |'''2''' <!--Praeconsummatio --> |[[10 Iulii]] - [[Petropolis]] | {{FranciaVex}} | '''1'''| {{BelgiaVex}} |0 |[[11 Iulii]] - [[Moscua]] | {{CroatiaVex}} |'''2''' | {{AngliaVex}} | 1 <!--Consummatio --> |[[15 Iulii]] - [[Moscua]] | {{FranciaVex}} | '''4''' | {{CroatiaVex}} | 2 <!--Tertius locus --> |[[14 Iulii]] - [[Petropolis]] | {{BelgiaVex}} | '''2''' | {{AngliaVex}}| 0 }} == Consummatio == <center>'''{{FranciaVex}} 4:2 {{CroatiaVex}}''' 15 Iulii 2018<br> Stadium Luzhniki, [[Moscua]]<br></center> '''Arbitro:''' Nestor Pitana ([[Argentinia]])<br> '''Adiutores:''' Ferdinandus Maidana ([[Argentinia]]), Ioannes Paulus Belatti ([[Argentinia]])<br> '''Chartulae flavae:''' Kanté, Hernandez, Vrsaljko '''Puncti:''' [[Marius Mandžukić]] 18' (puncta contra), [[Ioannes Perišić]] 28', [[Antonius Griezmann]] 38' (iactu poenali), [[Paulus Pogba]] 59', [[Kilianus Mbappé]] 65', [[Marius Mandžukić]] 69' '''Francia:''' 1. [[Hugo Lloris]] (capitanem), 2. [[Beniaminus Pavard]], 4. [[Raphael Varane]], 5. [[Samuel Umtiti]], 21. [[Lucas Hernandez]], 6. [[Paulus Pogba]], 13. [[N'Golo Kanté]] (15. [[Stephanus Nzonzi]] 55'), 10. [[Kilianus Mbappé]], 7. [[Antonius Griezmann]], 14. [[Blasius Matuidi]] (12. [[Corentinus Tolisso]] 73'), 9. [[Oliverius Giroud]] (18. [[Nabil Fékir]] 81')<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Didericus Deschamps]] '''Croatia:''' 23. [[Daniel Subašić]], 2. [[Šime Vrsaljko]], 6. [[Dejan Lovren]], 21. [[Domagoj Vida]], 3. [[Ioannes Strinić]] (20. [[Marcus Pjaca]] 81'), 7. [[Ioannes Rakitić]], 11. [[Marcellus Brozović]], 18. [[Ante Rebić]] (9. [[Andreas Kramarić]] 71'), 10. [[Lucas Modrić]] (capitanem), 4. [[Ioannes Perišić]], 17. [[Marius Mandžukić]]<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Zlatko Dalić]] [[Fasciculus:France champion of the Football World Cup Russia 2018.jpg|center|750 px|Grex Francogallicus]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|FIFA World Cup 2018|Certamen Mundanum Pediludicum 2018}} * [https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/ Situs] officialis apud [[FIFA]] * [https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/fifa-world-cup Fox Sports], societas quae ludos CFA transmittit [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] [[Categoria:2018]] jij2s9bh5e2fs6gpdfm0hsizwft42x4 3700165 3700164 2022-08-28T00:11:57Z 2804:389:D03B:94F9:A444:A05D:9C59:DADE /* Consummatio */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Luzhniki Stadium2.jpg|thumb|Stadium ''Lužniki'']] [[Fasciculus:Adidas Telstar 18 in Russia vs. Argentina.jpg|thumb|[[Follis (pediludium)|Follis]] ''Telstar 18'']] '''Certamen mundanum pedilusorium''' anni [[2018]] a turmis athleticis [[Pediludium|pediludicis]] virilibus a die [[14 Iunii|14 mensis Iunii]] [[2018]] usque ad diem [[15 Iulii|15 mensis Iulii]] 2018 in [[Russia]] secundum consilium societatis [[FIFA]] die [[2 Decembris]] [[2010]] captum celebrabatur. == Participes certaminis civitates == [[Fasciculus:2018 world cup qualification.PNG|thumb|Certaminis participes civitates (caeruleo notatae)]] [[Fasciculus:Sdm 4658.jpg|thumb|Cantores [[Aida Garifullina]] (dextra) et [[Robertus Williams]] (sinistra parte pictus)]] Certamini interfuerunt hae turmae: {{div col|5}} * {{AegyptusVex}} * {{AngliaVex}} * {{Arabia SaudianaVex}} * {{ArgentinaVex}} * {{AustraliaVex}} * {{BelgiaVex}} * {{BrasiliaVex}} * {{ColumbiaVex}} * {{Corea MeridionalisVex}} * {{CroatiaVex}} * {{DaniaVex}} * {{FranciaVex}} * {{GermaniaVex}} * {{HelvetiaVex}} * {{HispaniaVex}} * {{IaponiaVex}} * {{IraniaVex}} * {{IslandiaVex}} * {{LusitaniaVex}} * {{MarocumVex}} * {{MexicumVex}} * {{NigeriaVex}} * {{Ora OpulentaVex}} * {{PanamaVex}} * {{PeruviaVex}} * {{PoloniaVex}} * {{RussiaVex}} * {{SenegaliaVex}} * {{SerbiaVex}} * {{SueciaVex}} * {{TunesiaVex}} * {{UruguaiaVex}} {{div col end}} == Caerimonia et initium == Caerimonia et initium certaminis mundani pedilusorium anni 2018 die [[dies Iovis|Iovis]] [[14 Iunii]] 2018 intra [[Stadium Lužniki|stadium ''Lužniki'']] [[Moscua]]e fuit. Pedulisor [[Ronaldus (pedilusor)|Ronaldus]] cum puero in stadium intravit. Cantores Britannicus [[Robertus Williams]] et Russica [[Aida Garifullina]] cecinerunt. == Exitus certaminis == === Tempus primum === ==== Turmarum series A ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{UruguaiaVex}}||'''9'''||3||3||0||0||5||0||+5 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{RussiaVex}}||'''6'''||3||2||0||1||8||4||+4 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{Arabia SaudianaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||7||-5 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{AegyptusVex}}||'''0'''||3||0||0||3||2||6||-4 |} ==== Turmarum series B ==== [[Fasciculus:Portugal-Morocco by soccer.ru 1.jpg|thumb|Portugallia et Marocum]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{HispaniaVex}}||'''5'''||3||1||2||0||6||5||+1 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{LusitaniaVex}}||'''5'''||3||1||2||0||5||4||+1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{IraniaVex}}||'''4'''||3||1||1||1||2||2||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{MarocumVex}}||'''1'''||3||0||1||2||2||4||-2 |} ==== Turmarum series C ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{FranciaVex}}||'''7'''||3||2||1||0||3||1||+2 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{DaniaVex}}||'''5'''||3||1||2||0||2||1||+1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{PeruviaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||2||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{AustraliaVex}}||'''1'''||3||0||1||2||2||5||-3 |} ==== Turmarum series D ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{CroatiaVex}}||'''9'''||3||3||0||0||7||1||+6 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{ArgentinaVex}}||'''4'''||3||1||1||1||3||5||-2 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{NigeriaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||3||4||-1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{IslandiaVex}}||'''1'''||3||0||1||2||2||5||-3 |} ==== Turmarum series E ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{BrasiliaVex}}||'''7'''||3||2||1||0||5||1||+4 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{HelvetiaVex}}||'''5'''||3||1||2||0||5||4||+1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{SerbiaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||4||-2 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{Ora OpulentaVex}}||'''1'''||3||0||1||2||2||5||-3 |} ==== Turmarum series F ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{SueciaVex}}||'''6'''||3||2||0||1||5||2||+3 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{MexicumVex}}||'''6'''||3||2||0||1||3||4||-1 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{Corea MeridionalisVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||3||3||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{GermaniaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||4||-2 |} ==== Turmarum series G ==== [[Fasciculus:Bel-Tun (23).jpg|thumb|Belgia et Tunesia]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{BelgiaVex}}||'''9'''||3||3||0||0||9||2||+7 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{AngliaVex}}||'''6'''||3||2||0||1||8||3||+5 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{TunesiaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||5||8||-3 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{PanamaVex}}||'''0'''||3||0||0||3||2||11||-9 |} ==== Turmarum series H ==== [[Fasciculus:JAP-POL (6).jpg|thumb|Iaponia et Polonia]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !width="30"|Pos. !width="150"|<div style="float:left; width:1em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"></div>Manus !width="30"|Pnct. !width="25"|lud. !width="25"|vinc. !width="25"|aequ. !width="25"|perd. !width="25"|PortPro !width="25"|PortCont. !width="25"|PortDiff. |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''1'''||align="left"|{{ColumbiaVex}}||'''6'''||3||2||0||1||5||2||+3 |- bgcolor=#ccffcc |'''2'''||align="left"|{{IaponiaVex}}||'''4'''||3||1||1||1||4||4||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''3'''||align="left"|{{SenegaliaVex}}||'''4'''||3||1||1||4||4||3||0 |- bgcolor=#ffcccc |'''4'''||align="left"|{{PoloniaVex}}||'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||5||-3 |} == Suprema certamina == [[Fasciculus:ESP-RUS (22).jpg|thumb|Espania et Russia]] [[Fasciculus:France WC2018 final.jpg|thumb|Pedilusores Francogalli ante certamen ultimum]] [[Fasciculus:Blaise Matuidi World Cup Trophy.jpg|thumb|Blaise Matuidi cum tropaeo]] <!-- <small>Omnes horae indicatae ad loca ubi certamen habetur pertinent , '''[[UTC]]+ ?'''</small> --> {{16ManuumParenthesis <!--Dies-Locus|Manus 1|Score 1|Manus 2|Score 2 --> <!--Ocatva pars consummationis --> | [[30 Iunii]] - [[Sotzium]] | {{UruguaiaVex}} | '''2''' | {{LusitaniaVex}} | 1 | [[30 Iunii]] - [[Casanum]] | {{FranciaVex}} | '''4''' | {{ArgentinaVex}} | 3 | [[2 Iulii]] - [[Samara (Russia)|Samara]] | {{BrasiliaVex}} | '''2''' | {{MexicumVex}} | 0 | [[2 Iulii]] - [[Rostovia ad Tanaim]] | {{BelgiaVex}} | '''3''' | {{IaponiaVex}} | 2 | [[1 Iulii]] - [[Moscua]] | {{HispaniaVex}} |1(3)| {{RussiaVex}} |'''1(4)''' | [[1 Iulii]] - [[Novogardia Inferior]] | {{CroatiaVex}} | '''1(3)''' | {{DaniaVex}} | 1(2) | [[3 Iulii]] - [[Petropolis]] | {{SueciaVex}} | '''1''' | {{HelvetiaVex}} | 0 | [[3 Iulii]] - [[Moscua]] | {{ColumbiaVex}} | 1(3) | {{AngliaVex}} | '''1(4)''' <!--Quarta pars consummationis --> <!--NOTE: Do not add teams here until the matches are completed--> |[[6 Iulii]] - [[Novogardia Inferior]] | {{UruguaiaVex}} | 0 | {{FranciaVex}} |'''2''' |[[6 Iulii]] - [[Casanum]] | {{BrasiliaVex}} | 1 | {{BelgiaVex}} |'''2''' |[[7 Iulii]] - [[Sotzium]] | {{RussiaVex}} | 2(3)| {{CroatiaVex}} |'''2(4)''' |[[7 Iulii]] - [[Samara (Russia)|Samara]] | {{SueciaVex}} | 0 | {{AngliaVex}} |'''2''' <!--Praeconsummatio --> |[[10 Iulii]] - [[Petropolis]] | {{FranciaVex}} | '''1'''| {{BelgiaVex}} |0 |[[11 Iulii]] - [[Moscua]] | {{CroatiaVex}} |'''2''' | {{AngliaVex}} | 1 <!--Consummatio --> |[[15 Iulii]] - [[Moscua]] | {{FranciaVex}} | '''4''' | {{CroatiaVex}} | 2 <!--Tertius locus --> |[[14 Iulii]] - [[Petropolis]] | {{BelgiaVex}} | '''2''' | {{AngliaVex}}| 0 }} == Consummatio == <center>'''{{FranciaVex}} 4:2 {{CroatiaVex}}''' 15 Iulii 2018<br> Stadium Luzhniki, [[Moscua]]<br></center> '''Arbitro:''' Nestor Pitana ([[Argentinia]])<br> '''Adiutores:''' Ferdinandus Maidana ([[Argentinia]]), Ioannes Paulus Belatti ([[Argentinia]])<br> '''Chartulae flavae:''' Kanté, Hernandez, Vrsaljko '''Puncti:''' [[Marius Mandžukić]] 18' (puncta contra), [[Ioannes Perišić]] 28', [[Antonius Griezmann]] 38' (iactu poenali), [[Paulus Pogba]] 59', [[Kilianus Mbappé]] 65', [[Marius Mandžukić]] 69' '''Francia:''' 1. [[Hugo Lloris]] (capitanem), 2. [[Beniaminus Pavard]], 4. [[Raphael Varane]], 5. [[Samuel Umtiti]], 21. [[Lucas Hernandez]], 6. [[Paulus Pogba]], 13. [[N'Golo Kanté]] (15. [[Stephanus Nzonzi]] 55'), 10. [[Kilianus Mbappé]], 7. [[Antonius Griezmann]], 14. [[Blasius Matuidi]] (12. [[Corentinus Tolisso]] 73'), 9. [[Oliverius Giroud]] (18. [[Nabil Fékir]] 81')<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Desiderius Deschamps]] '''Croatia:''' 23. [[Daniel Subašić]], 2. [[Šime Vrsaljko]], 6. [[Dejan Lovren]], 21. [[Domagoj Vida]], 3. [[Ioannes Strinić]] (20. [[Marcus Pjaca]] 81'), 7. [[Ioannes Rakitić]], 11. [[Marcellus Brozović]], 18. [[Ante Rebić]] (9. [[Andreas Kramarić]] 71'), 10. [[Lucas Modrić]] (capitanem), 4. [[Ioannes Perišić]], 17. [[Marius Mandžukić]]<br> '''Procurator:''' [[Zlatko Dalić]] [[Fasciculus:France champion of the Football World Cup Russia 2018.jpg|center|750 px|Grex Francogallicus]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|FIFA World Cup 2018|Certamen Mundanum Pediludicum 2018}} * [https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/ Situs] officialis apud [[FIFA]] * [https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/fifa-world-cup Fox Sports], societas quae ludos CFA transmittit [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] [[Categoria:2018]] 6mzb4dn4nfhp9sk4mjz95z7cei3sp2u 0 112179 3700034 3301089 2022-08-27T14:47:02Z Andrew Dalby 1084 contribui wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Melissa]] hlys8hua6an1pfiyprvipc0atebb56d 0 117896 3700204 3527581 2022-08-28T10:29:54Z CommonsDelinker 1422 [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker/commands|automaton]]: Substituens [[commons:Image:Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner_-_Bodensee_1842.jpg|Image:Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner_-_Bodensee_1842.jpg]] pro Image:W_Turner_Bodensee_1842.jpg. CommonsDelinker hanc ratione wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[File:J.M.W. TURNER - 40 Sandycombe Road Twickenham TW1 2LR.jpg|thumb|Domus ubi vixit artifex, in via Sandycombe, Twickenham in tribu Londinii occidentalis]] '''Iosephus Mallord Gulielmus''' ''vulgo'' Joseph Mallord William '''Turner''' ([[Londinium|Londinii]] die [[23 Aprilis]] [[1775]] natus; ibidem, accurate in [[Chelsea]] [[regio]]ne urbana, die [[19 Decembris]] [[1851]] mortuus) fuit [[pictor]] [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannicus]]. ==Vita== [[File:The Cross Keys Heritage Dylan Thomas J.M.W. Turner Agatha Christie John Singer Sargent James McNeill Whistler Bob Marley 1708-2012 Celebrated figures drank here.jpg|thumb|Tabula commemorativa in caupona quadam ad Chelsea ubi hospites erant annis inter 1708 et 2012 - praeter Turner - [[Agatha Christie]], [[Ioannes Singer Sargent]], [[Iacobus McNeill Whistler]], [[Bob Marley]]]] Filius tonsoris tirocinium fecit apud [[thomas Malton|Thomam Malton]] (pro perspectivis) et apud architectum [[thomas Hardwick|Thomam Hardwick]]; aedificatoribus pluribus opera topographica exarare praesto erat. Famam sibi nactus est plagis apud flumina lacusque pictis in Anglia. Postea autem saepius fuit in [[Francia]], [[Helvetia]], [[Italia]] et [[Rhenania]]. Anno 1802 Academiae adhaerere licuit et anno 1807 creatus est professor in perspectivis. Praelectiones autem paucos annos tantummodo habuit. ==Gravitudo== Turner inter plagarum pictores totius mundi illustrissimos numerari potest. Qui in principio obscuritatem praetulerat, statim sibi [[claudius Lorrain|Claudium Lorrain]] imitandum selegit. Iste vir etiam argumenta sua mutua dedit et mox a Gulielmo Turner superatus est: de hoc testimonium perhibent tabulae in Pinacotheca Nationali Londiniensi pendentes de ''Solis ortu in nebula'' sive de ''Carthagine a Didone aedificata''. Lorrain vincebatur etiam quod ad lucem coloresque attinet: nam lux et color rebus paulo adumbratis omne opus per se dominarentur. Itaque sensus ratione inusitata directo redderentur coloribus numquam antea visis in mixturis novis (praesertim tonis cano et argenteo, viridi et caeruleo, flavo clarissimo, aureo, rubro acuto. Contemporanei nonnulli explicationem tonorum novorum in insania oculari artificis inveniebant. Aquarellis autem ars eius maxime effrenata esse potuit. Opera multa Pinacothecae Nationali Londiniensi post mortem curanda reliquit, ubi admirationi patent e.g. ''Mors Nelson'', ''Apollo Pythum necans'', ''Hesperidum hortus'', ''Hannibalis iter Alpinum'', ''C. Harold peregrinans'', ''Palatium Caligulae Baiis'', ''Sepultura Wilkie in mari'', ''Richmond Hill'', ''Odysseus et Polyphemus'', ''Antrum magicum reginae Mab'' variae [[venetiae|Venetiarum]] conspectus. Opera nonnulla sub titulo ''Liber studiorum'' edenda curavit ad instar contrariumque operis Claudiani praetitulati ''Liber veritatis''. Insuper imaginibus ornavit poesim [[georgius dominus de Byron|Georgii Byron]], [[thomas Campbell|Thomae Campbell]], [[gualterus Scott|Gualteri Scott]] et aliorum. Magnanimus pecuniam multam dedit ut hospitium pro artificibus pauperibus erigeretur. == Opera selecta == * 1839 : ''[[Roma hodierna: Campo Vaccino]]'' * 1839 : ''[[Roma antiqua: Agrippina cinera Germanici advehit]]'' == Bibliographia == * Anthony Bailey, ''Standing in the Sun: a life of J. M. W. Turner''. Londinii: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1997. ISBN 1-85619-389-6 * James Hamilton, ''Turner: a life''. Londinii: Hodder and Stoughton, 1997. ISBN 0-340-60623-1 * Alexander Joseph Finberg: ''The life of J. M. W. Turner, R. A.'' Clarendon Press, Oxoniae 1939 * Werner Hofmann (ed.): ''William Turner und die Landschaft seiner Zeit.'' Ausstellungskatalog der Kunsthalle Hamburg. Prestel, Monaci 1976, ISBN 3-7913-0375-9 * Mordechai Omer: '' Turner. Die Landschaften der Bibel.'' Gondrom Verlag, Baruthi 1985, ISBN 3-8112-0416-5. * Andrew Wilton: ''Turner Abroad. France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland.'' British Museum Publications, Londinii 1985, ISBN 0-7141-8047-5. * Georg W. Költzsch: ''William Turner. Die Wahrheit der Legende.'' DuMont-Literatur-und-Kunst-Verlag, Coloniae Agrippinae 2002, ISBN 978-3-83217196-4. * Franny Moyle: ''Turner. The extraordinary life and momentous times of J.&nbsp;M.&nbsp;W. Turner.'' Viking&nbsp;/ Penguin Books, Londinii 2016, ISBN 978-0-670-92269-7. * Kunstmuseum Luzern (ed.): ''Turner – Das Meer und die Alpen.'' Hirmer Verlag, Monaci 2019, ISBN 978-3-7774-3267-0, Ausstellungskatalog. * Christoph Werner: ''Um ewig einst zu leben. Caspar David Friedrich und Joseph Mallord William Turner.'' Mythistoria. Bertuch, Vimariae 2006, ISBN 3-937601-34-1. == Nexus externus == {{commonscat|Joseph Mallord William Turner|Gulielmum Turner}} *[http://www.zeno.org/Kunstwerke/A/Turner,+Joseph+Mallord+William Opera apud zeno.org] *[https://archive.vn/20200429151716/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.rhein-zeitung.de/deutschland-und-welt/kultur_artikel,-200-jahre-nach-william-turner-seine-malorte-auf-einer-rheinreise-erleben-_arid,1616751.html Iter Gulielmi Turner in Rhenaniam] *[http://www.turnersociety.com/ Societas Turneriana Britannica] *[https://www.tate.org.uk/art/research-publications/jmw-turner/chronology-r1109229 Vita summatim] == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Joseph Mallord William Turner - Bodensee 1842.jpg|[[Constantia (Germania)|Constantia]] ad [[Lacus Bodamicus|Lacum Bodamicum]], anno [[1800]] Fasciculus:Joseph Mallord William Turner 017.jpg|[[Quattuor Regionum Lacus]] anno [[1802]] Fasciculus:Turner, J. M. W. - The Grand Canal - Venice.jpg|[[Canalis Magnus]] [[Venetiae|Venetiarum]] circa annum [[1835]] File:Joseph Mallord William Turner - Snow Storm - Steam-Boat off a Harbour's Mouth - WGA23178.jpg| ''Harbour's Mouth '', 1842 </gallery> {{DEFAULTSORT:Turner, Iosephus}} [[categoria:Pictura topiaria]] [[Categoria:Nati 1775]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1851]] [[Categoria:Incolae Angliae]] [[Categoria:Iosephus Mallord Gulielmus Turner|!]] [[Categoria:Pictores Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Sodales Regiae Academiae Artium]] {{Myrias|Homines}} invzq0quxi2gy3wxed4sq9itehvvxlg 0 121929 3700032 3392246 2022-08-27T14:45:06Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Melchior Cibinensis''' fuit [[chemicus]] et [[alchemia]]e peritus Hungaricus [[Transsilvania|Transsilvaniensis]] saeculo sextodecimo identitate ignoto.<ref>Craven, J. B. ''Count Michael Maier.'' Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1969 (prima ed. 1910); p. 82</ref> Nomen suum et [[pseudonymum]] [[Nicolaus Olachus|Nicolai Olachi]] putatur. == Opus == * ''Processus sub forma missae'', [[1525]] == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Kiss Farkas Gábor, Láng Benedek; Cosmin Popa-Gorjanu, "The Alchemical Mass of Nicolaus Melchior Cibinensis: Text, Identity and Speculations" in ''Ambix'' vol. 53 (2006) pp.&nbsp;143–159 [[Categoria:Chemici]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 15 aut 16]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 16]] j9hjl3z3nhg7fh3c192d6kcxu04hxa5 3700033 3700032 2022-08-27T14:45:22Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: -[[Categoria:Chemici]]; +[[Categoria:Alchemistae]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Melchior Cibinensis''' fuit [[chemicus]] et [[alchemia]]e peritus Hungaricus [[Transsilvania|Transsilvaniensis]] saeculo sextodecimo identitate ignoto.<ref>Craven, J. B. ''Count Michael Maier.'' Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1969 (prima ed. 1910); p. 82</ref> Nomen suum et [[pseudonymum]] [[Nicolaus Olachus|Nicolai Olachi]] putatur. == Opus == * ''Processus sub forma missae'', [[1525]] == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Kiss Farkas Gábor, Láng Benedek; Cosmin Popa-Gorjanu, "The Alchemical Mass of Nicolaus Melchior Cibinensis: Text, Identity and Speculations" in ''Ambix'' vol. 53 (2006) pp.&nbsp;143–159 [[Categoria:Alchemistae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 15 aut 16]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 16]] fcdwhkhowqf6qzwsbpmnnoaqgh09vm5 3700045 3700033 2022-08-27T15:09:48Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Melchior Cibinensis''' (i.e. e [[Cibinium|Cibinio]] oriundus) fuit [[chemicus]] et [[alchemia]]e peritus Hungaricus [[Transsilvania|Transsilvaniensis]] saeculo sextodecimo, identitate incerta.<ref>Craven, J. B. ''Count Michael Maier.'' Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1969 (prima ed. 1910); p. 82</ref> Nomen suum et [[pseudonymum]] [[Nicolaus Olachus|Nicolai Olachi]] putatur. == Opus == * ''Processus sub forma missae'', [[1525]] == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Kiss Farkas Gábor, Láng Benedek; Cosmin Popa-Gorjanu, "The Alchemical Mass of Nicolaus Melchior Cibinensis: Text, Identity and Speculations" in ''Ambix'' vol. 53 (2006) pp.&nbsp;143–159 [[Categoria:Alchemistae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 15 aut 16]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 16]] kfh1q5yozbb1yay9gjomb5osad1xzih 3700064 3700045 2022-08-27T16:10:59Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Melchior Cibinensis''' (i.e. e [[Cibinium|Cibinio]] oriundus) fuit [[chemicus]] et [[alchemia]]e peritus Hungaricus [[Transsilvania|Transsilvaniensis]] saeculo sextodecimo, identitate incerta.<ref>Craven, J. B. ''Count Michael Maier.'' Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1969 (prima ed. 1910); p. 82</ref> Nomen suum et [[pseudonymum]] [[Nicolaus Olachus|Nicolai Olachi]] putatur. == Opus == * ''Processus Sub Forma Missae a Nicolao Melchiori Cibinensi Transilvano ad Ladislaum Ungariae et Bohemiae Regem olim missum'' == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Editiones operis * 1602 : Lazarus Zetzner, ed., ''Theatrum chemicum'' vol. 3 (Ursel: Zetzner, 1602), pp. 758–761 (aliis exemplaribus aliter) * 1617 : [[Michael Maierus]], ''Symbola aureae mensae duodecim nationum'' (Francofurti: Antonius Hummius, 1617) pp. 507–552 * 1977 : Nicolas Melchior de Szeben Tramnsylvain, ''Processus chimique sous forme de la messe, texte latin du XVIe siècle, traduction française''. Mediolani: Archè ; Eruditio recentior * [[Carolus Gustavus Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]], “Erlösungvorstellungen in der Alchemie” in ''Eranos Jahrbuch'' (1936) pp. 13–111 * [[Carolus Gustavus Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]], ''Psychologie und Alchemie'' (Turici: Rascher, 1944) pp. 536–548 * Kiss Farkas Gábor, Láng Benedek; Cosmin Popa-Gorjanu, "[https://www.academia.edu/1535676/The_Alchemical_Mass_of_Nicolaus_Melchior_Cibinensis_Text_Identity_and_Speculations_Ambix_53_2006_143-159 The Alchemical Mass of Nicolaus Melchior Cibinensis: Text, Identity and Speculations]" in ''Ambix'' vol. 53 (2006) pp. 143–159 * Cristina Neagu, "The Processus sub forma missae: Christian Alchemy, Identity and Identification" in ''Archaeus: Études d’Histoire des Religions'' vol. 4 (2000) pp. 105–117 * Cristina Neagu, "Nicolaus Olahus and the Processus sub forma Missae: Identity, Authorship, and an Obscure Work on the Art of Alchemy" in Emöke Rita Szilágyi, ed., ''Nicolaus Olahus 450: Tagungsband der internationalen Konferenz zum 450. Todestag von Nicolaus Olahus'' (Vindobonae: Institut für Ungarische Geschichtsforschung, 2019) * László Szathmáry, ''Magyar Alkémisták'' (Budapestini: Királyi MagyarTermészettudományi Társulat, 1928) pp. 302–325 editionis 1986 [[Categoria:Alchemistae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 15 aut 16]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 16]] 1ziqhpabape22yw26rexfh7e7uxuao3 3700065 3700064 2022-08-27T16:12:07Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Melchior Cibinensis''' (i.e. e [[Cibinium|Cibinio]] oriundus) fuit [[chemicus]] et [[alchemia]]e peritus Hungaricus [[Transsilvania|Transsilvaniensis]] saeculo sextodecimo, identitate incerta.<ref>Craven, J. B. ''Count Michael Maier.'' Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1969 (prima ed. 1910); p. 82</ref> Nomen suum et [[pseudonymum]] [[Nicolaus Olachus|Nicolai Olachi]] putatur. == Opus == * ''Processus Sub Forma Missae a Nicolao Melchiori Cibinensi Transilvano ad Ladislaum Ungariae et Bohemiae Regem olim missum'' == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Editiones operis * 1602 : Lazarus Zetzner, ed., ''Theatrum chemicum'' vol. 3 (Ursel: Zetzner, 1602), pp. 758–761 (aliis exemplaribus aliter) * 1617 : [[Michael Maierus]], ''Symbola aureae mensae duodecim nationum'' (Francofurti: Antonius Hummius, 1617) pp. 507–552 * 1977 : Nicolas Melchior de Szeben Transylvain, ''Processus chimique sous forme de la messe, texte latin du XVIe siècle, traduction française''. Mediolani: Archè ; Eruditio recentior * [[Carolus Gustavus Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]], “Erlösungvorstellungen in der Alchemie” in ''Eranos Jahrbuch'' (1936) pp. 13–111 * [[Carolus Gustavus Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]], ''Psychologie und Alchemie'' (Turici: Rascher, 1944) pp. 536–548 * Kiss Farkas Gábor, Láng Benedek; Cosmin Popa-Gorjanu, "[https://www.academia.edu/1535676/The_Alchemical_Mass_of_Nicolaus_Melchior_Cibinensis_Text_Identity_and_Speculations_Ambix_53_2006_143-159 The Alchemical Mass of Nicolaus Melchior Cibinensis: Text, Identity and Speculations]" in ''Ambix'' vol. 53 (2006) pp. 143–159 {{Penna}} * Cristina Neagu, "The Processus sub forma missae: Christian Alchemy, Identity and Identification" in ''Archaeus: Études d’Histoire des Religions'' vol. 4 (2000) pp. 105–117 * Cristina Neagu, "Nicolaus Olahus and the Processus sub forma Missae: Identity, Authorship, and an Obscure Work on the Art of Alchemy" in Emöke Rita Szilágyi, ed., ''Nicolaus Olahus 450: Tagungsband der internationalen Konferenz zum 450. Todestag von Nicolaus Olahus'' (Vindobonae: Institut für Ungarische Geschichtsforschung, 2019) * László Szathmáry, ''Magyar Alkémisták'' (Budapestini: Királyi MagyarTermészettudományi Társulat, 1928) pp. 302–325 editionis 1986 [[Categoria:Alchemistae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 15 aut 16]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 16]] jndxmt76qt2q2ize3q5trb3gkqmauft 3700067 3700065 2022-08-27T16:24:34Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Melchior Cibinensis''' (i.e. e [[Cibinium|Cibinio]] oriundus) fuit [[chemicus]] et [[alchemia]]e peritus Hungaricus [[Transsilvania|Transsilvaniensis]] saeculo sextodecimo, identitate incerta.<ref>Craven, J. B. ''Count Michael Maier.'' Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1969 (prima ed. 1910); p. 82</ref> Nomen suum et [[pseudonymum]] [[Nicolaus Olachus|Nicolai Olachi]] putatur. == Opus == * ''Processus Sub Forma Missae a Nicolao Melchiori Cibinensi Transilvano ad Ladislaum Ungariae et Bohemiae Regem olim missum'' == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Editiones operis * 1602 : Lazarus Zetzner, ed., ''Theatrum chemicum'' vol. 3 (Ursellis: Cornelius Sutorius, 1602), pp. 758–761, aliis exemplaribus [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_pharma_res011287x03/page/853/mode/2up pp. 852-858] * 1617 : [[Michael Maierus]], ''Symbola aureae mensae duodecim nationum'' (Francofurti: Antonius Hummius, 1617) [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_87sQCxPqwrgC/page/506/mode/2up pp. 507–552] * 1977 : Nicolas Melchior de Szeben Transylvain, ''Processus chimique sous forme de la messe, texte latin du XVIe siècle, traduction française''. Mediolani: Archè ; Eruditio recentior * [[Carolus Gustavus Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]], “Erlösungvorstellungen in der Alchemie” in ''Eranos Jahrbuch'' (1936) pp. 13–111 * [[Carolus Gustavus Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]], ''Psychologie und Alchemie'' (Turici: Rascher, 1944) pp. 536–548 * Kiss Farkas Gábor, Láng Benedek; Cosmin Popa-Gorjanu, "[https://www.academia.edu/1535676/The_Alchemical_Mass_of_Nicolaus_Melchior_Cibinensis_Text_Identity_and_Speculations_Ambix_53_2006_143-159 The Alchemical Mass of Nicolaus Melchior Cibinensis: Text, Identity and Speculations]" in ''Ambix'' vol. 53 (2006) pp. 143–159 {{Penna}} * Cristina Neagu, "The Processus sub forma missae: Christian Alchemy, Identity and Identification" in ''Archaeus: Études d’Histoire des Religions'' vol. 4 (2000) pp. 105–117 * Cristina Neagu, "Nicolaus Olahus and the Processus sub forma Missae: Identity, Authorship, and an Obscure Work on the Art of Alchemy" in Emöke Rita Szilágyi, ed., ''Nicolaus Olahus 450: Tagungsband der internationalen Konferenz zum 450. Todestag von Nicolaus Olahus'' (Vindobonae: Institut für Ungarische Geschichtsforschung, 2019) * László Szathmáry, ''Magyar Alkémisták'' (Budapestini: Királyi MagyarTermészettudományi Társulat, 1928) pp. 302–325 editionis 1986 [[Categoria:Alchemistae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 15 aut 16]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 16]] mskdnp3cn0tyjvfzd407s7tdfu0h9so 3700074 3700067 2022-08-27T17:47:45Z Andrew Dalby 1084 + wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Nicolaus Melchior Cibinensis Transilvanus''', qui [[saeculum 16|saeculo sextodecimo]] ineunte floruit, fuit [[alchemia|alchemista]] peritus, identitate incerta. De eo nihil scimus nisi quod e [[Cibinium|Cibinio]] [[Transsilvania]]e ortus sit: ita enim rubricatur editio prima operis eius alchemici ''Processus Sub Forma Missae'', anno [[1602]] editore Lazaro Zetznero divulgata. Opus olim "ad Ladislaum Ungariae et Bohemiae Regem" missum esse dicitur, i.e. {{Creanda|en|Vladislaus II of Hungary|Ladislaum II}}, [[Bohemia]]e ab anno [[1471]], [[Hungaria]]e ab [[1490]] regem, qui [[Budapestinum|Budapestini]] anno [[1516]] mortuus erit. Sunt qui post Stephanum Weszprémi "Nicolaum Melchiorem Cibinensem" [[pseudonymum]] fuisse censent ministri et archiepiscopi humanistae [[Nicolaus Olahus|Nicolai Olahi]];<ref>[[#Weszprémi (1778)]]</ref> alii post Ladislaum Szathmáry rationibus pluribus negant.<ref>[[#Szathmáry (1928)]]</ref> Recentius Cosmin Popa-Gorjanu cum collegis alchemistam Nicolaum Melchiorem nepotem fuisse Melchioris Aurifabri, qui Cibinii inter annos 1459 et 1487 florebat.<ref>[[#Kiss et al. (2006)]]</ref> == Opus == * ''Processus Sub Forma Missae a Nicolao Melchiori Cibinensi Transilvano ad Ladislaum Ungariae et Bohemiae Regem olim missum'' == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Editiones operis * 1602 : Lazarus Zetznerus, ed., ''Theatrum chemicum'' vol. 3 (Ursellis: Cornelius Sutorius, 1602), pp. 758–761, aliis exemplaribus [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_pharma_res011287x03/page/853/mode/2up pp. 852-858] * 1617 : [[Michael Maierus]], ''Symbola aureae mensae duodecim nationum'' (Francofurti: Antonius Hummius, 1617) [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_87sQCxPqwrgC/page/506/mode/2up pp. 507–552] * 1977 : Nicolas Melchior de Szeben Transylvain, ''Processus chimique sous forme de la messe, texte latin du XVIe siècle, traduction française''. Mediolani: Archè ; Eruditio * [[Carolus Gustavus Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]], “Erlösungvorstellungen in der Alchemie” in ''Eranos Jahrbuch'' (1936) pp. 13–111 * [[Carolus Gustavus Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]], ''Psychologie und Alchemie'' (Turici: Rascher, 1944) pp. 536–548 * <span id="Kiss et al. (2006)"></span>Kiss Farkas Gábor, Láng Benedek; Cosmin Popa-Gorjanu, "[https://www.academia.edu/1535676/The_Alchemical_Mass_of_Nicolaus_Melchior_Cibinensis_Text_Identity_and_Speculations_Ambix_53_2006_143-159 The Alchemical Mass of Nicolaus Melchior Cibinensis: Text, Identity and Speculations]" in ''Ambix'' vol. 53 (2006) pp. 143–159 {{Penna}} * Cristina Neagu, "The Processus sub forma missae: Christian Alchemy, Identity and Identification" in ''Archaeus: Études d’Histoire des Religions'' vol. 4 (2000) pp. 105–117 * Cristina Neagu, "Nicolaus Olahus and the Processus sub forma Missae: Identity, Authorship, and an Obscure Work on the Art of Alchemy" in Emöke Rita Szilágyi, ed., ''Nicolaus Olahus 450: Tagungsband der internationalen Konferenz zum 450. Todestag von Nicolaus Olahus'' (Vindobonae: Institut für Ungarische Geschichtsforschung, 2019) * <span id="Szathmáry (1928)"></span>László Szathmáry, ''Magyar alkémisták'' (Budapestini: Királyi MagyarTermészettudományi Társulat, 1928) pp. 302–325 editionis 1986 * <span id="Weszprémi (1778)"></span>Stephanus Weszprémi, ''Succincta medicorum Hungariae et Transilvaniae biographia. Centuria altera, Pars prior'' (1778) [https://wellcomecollection.org/works/gaeq9vhu/items?canvas=146 pp. 128-133] [[Categoria:Alchemistae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 15 aut 16]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 16]] 1hllndw5zswboxzrty1r22zkr6vdke8 3700075 3700074 2022-08-27T17:51:00Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Nicolaus Melchior Cibinensis Transilvanus''', qui [[saeculum 16|saeculo sextodecimo]] ineunte floruit, fuit [[alchemia|alchemista]] peritus, identitate incerta. De eo nihil scimus nisi quod e [[Cibinium|Cibinio]] [[Transsilvania]]e ortus sit: ita enim rubricatur editio prima operis eius alchemici ''Processus Sub Forma Missae'', anno [[1602]] editore Lazaro Zetznero divulgata. Opus olim "ad Ladislaum Ungariae et Bohemiae Regem" missum esse dicitur, i.e. {{Creanda|en|Vladislaus II of Hungary|Ladislaum II}}, [[Bohemia]]e ab anno [[1471]], [[Hungaria]]e ab [[1490]] regem, qui [[Budapestinum|Budapestini]] anno [[1516]] mortuus erit. Sunt qui cum Stephano Weszprémio "Nicolaum Melchiorem Cibinensem" [[pseudonymum]] fuisse censent ministri et archiepiscopi humanistae [[Nicolaus Olahus|Nicolai Olahi]];<ref>[[#Weszprémi (1778)]]</ref> alii post Ladislaum Szathmáry rationibus pluribus negant.<ref>[[#Szathmáry (1928)]]</ref> Recentius Cosmin Popa-Gorjanu cum collegis alchemistam Nicolaum Melchiorem nepotem fuisse Melchioris Aurifabri, qui Cibinii inter annos 1459 et 1487 florebat.<ref>[[#Kiss et al. (2006)]]</ref> == Opus == * ''Processus Sub Forma Missae a Nicolao Melchiori Cibinensi Transilvano ad Ladislaum Ungariae et Bohemiae Regem olim missum'' == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Editiones operis * 1602 : Lazarus Zetznerus, ed., ''Theatrum chemicum'' vol. 3 (Ursellis: Cornelius Sutorius, 1602), pp. 758–761, aliis exemplaribus [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_pharma_res011287x03/page/853/mode/2up pp. 852-858] * 1617 : [[Michael Maierus]], ''Symbola aureae mensae duodecim nationum'' (Francofurti: Antonius Hummius, 1617) [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_87sQCxPqwrgC/page/506/mode/2up pp. 507–552] * 1977 : Nicolas Melchior de Szeben Transylvain, ''Processus chimique sous forme de la messe, texte latin du XVIe siècle, traduction française''. Mediolani: Archè ; Eruditio * [[Carolus Gustavus Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]], “Erlösungvorstellungen in der Alchemie” in ''Eranos Jahrbuch'' (1936) pp. 13–111 * [[Carolus Gustavus Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]], ''Psychologie und Alchemie'' (Turici: Rascher, 1944) pp. 536–548 * <span id="Kiss et al. (2006)"></span>Kiss Farkas Gábor, Láng Benedek; Cosmin Popa-Gorjanu, "[https://www.academia.edu/1535676/The_Alchemical_Mass_of_Nicolaus_Melchior_Cibinensis_Text_Identity_and_Speculations_Ambix_53_2006_143-159 The Alchemical Mass of Nicolaus Melchior Cibinensis: Text, Identity and Speculations]" in ''Ambix'' vol. 53 (2006) pp. 143–159 {{Penna}} * Cristina Neagu, "The Processus sub forma missae: Christian Alchemy, Identity and Identification" in ''Archaeus: Études d’Histoire des Religions'' vol. 4 (2000) pp. 105–117 * Cristina Neagu, "Nicolaus Olahus and the Processus sub forma Missae: Identity, Authorship, and an Obscure Work on the Art of Alchemy" in Emöke Rita Szilágyi, ed., ''Nicolaus Olahus 450: Tagungsband der internationalen Konferenz zum 450. Todestag von Nicolaus Olahus'' (Vindobonae: Institut für Ungarische Geschichtsforschung, 2019) * <span id="Szathmáry (1928)"></span>László Szathmáry, ''Magyar alkémisták'' (Budapestini: Királyi MagyarTermészettudományi Társulat, 1928) pp. 302–325 editionis 1986 * <span id="Weszprémi (1778)"></span>Stephanus Weszprémi, ''Succincta medicorum Hungariae et Transilvaniae biographia. Centuria altera, Pars prior'' (1778) [https://wellcomecollection.org/works/gaeq9vhu/items?canvas=146 pp. 128-133] [[Categoria:Alchemistae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Transsilvaniae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 15 aut 16]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 16]] i4i36v85bqyzu3suello5e0bz65bogx 0 129749 3700203 1687033 2022-08-28T10:26:20Z CommonsDelinker 1422 [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker/commands|automaton]]: Substituens [[commons:Image:Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner_-_Ausbruch_des_Vesuvs,_1817.jpg|Image:Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner_-_Ausbruch_des_Vesuvs,_1817.jpg]] pro Image:Ausbruch_des_Vesuvs,_1817.jpg. C wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videhom|Vesuvii eruptio (Wright)}} [[Fasciculus:Joseph Mallord William Turner - Ausbruch des Vesuvs, 1817.jpg|thumb|"Vesuvii eruptio" ab [[Iosephus Mallord Gulielmus Turner|I. M. G. Turner]] picta ([[Centrum Artium Britannicarum Yalense]])]] "'''Vesuvii eruptionem'''" anno [[1817]] pinxit [[Iosephus Mallord Gulielmus Turner]], qui peregrinationem [[Italia]]e annis 1773-1775 fecit. Haec tabula apud [[Centrum Artium Britannicarum Yalense]] ostentatur. {{Ars-stipula}} {{Nexus absunt}} [[Categoria:Iosephus Mallord Gulielmus Turner]] [[Categoria:Confecta 1817]] [[Categoria:Centrum Artium Britannicarum Yalense]] [[Categoria:Tabulae pictae]] [[Categoria:Loci figurati]] [[Categoria:Vesuvius]] du39z53zkw4wcn9cfg9uwu6g2ydrlkf 3700213 3700203 2022-08-28T11:43:30Z IacobusAmor 1163 Augenda &c. wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2022|08|28}} {{Titulus italicus}} {{Videhom|Vesuvii eruptio (Wright)}} [[Fasciculus:Joseph Mallord William Turner - Ausbruch des Vesuvs, 1817.jpg|thumb|''Eruptio Vesuvii,'' ab [[Iosephus Mallord Gulielmus Turner|I. M. G. Turner]] picta ([[Pinacotheca Artium Britannicarum Yalensis]]).]] '''''Eruptio Vesuvii''''' est [[pictura]] [[olea]]ria quam [[Iosephus Mallord Gulielmus Turner]] anno [[1817]] pinxit ex [[memoria]] suae [[peregrinatio]]nis [[Italia|Italicae]] annis ab [[1773]] ad [[1775]] factae. Quae tabula apud [[Pinacotheca Artium Britannicarum Yalensis|Pinacothecam Artium Britannicarum Yalensem]] [[exhibitio|exhibetur]]. {{Ars-stipula}} [[Categoria:Centrum Artium Britannicarum Yalense]] [[Categoria:Confecta 1817]] [[Categoria:Loci figurati]] [[Categoria:Tabulae pictae]] [[Categoria:Iosephus Mallord Gulielmus Turner]] [[Categoria:Vesuvius]] ncgbvraicw562bmqwrqozzqjfwpkvsc 0 132194 3699983 3547856 2022-08-27T12:12:10Z IacobusAmor 1163 Titulus italicus &c. wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | image = Drasteria convergens male.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Drasteria convergens]]'' ([[mas]]) | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | subfamilia = [[Catocalinae]] | genus = '''''Drasteria''''' | genus_authority = [[Hübner]], [[1818]] }} '''''Drasteria''''' est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familia]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]] et solum genus [[subtribus]] '''''Synedinae.''''' ==Species== {{div col|2}} * ''[[Drasteria aberrans]]'' <small>Staudinger, 1888</small> * ''[[Drasteria adumbrata]]'' <small>Behr, 1870</small> * ''[[Drasteria antiqua]]'' <small>Staudinger, 1889</small> * ''[[Drasteria austera]]'' <small>John, 1921</small> * ''[[Drasteria axuana]]'' <small>Püngeler, 1906</small> * ''[[Drasteria biformata]]'' <small>H. Edwards, 1878</small> * ''[[Drasteria cailino]]'' <small>Lefèbvre, 1827</small> * ''[[Drasteria cashmirensis]]'' <small>Hampson, 1894</small> * ''[[Drasteria catocalis]]'' <small>Staudinger, 1882</small> * ''[[Drasteria caucasica]]'' <small>Kolenati, 1846</small> * ''[[Drasteria chinensis]]'' <small>Alphéraky, 1892</small> * ''[[Drasteria convergens]]'' <small>Mustelin, 2006</small> * ''[[Drasteria divergens]]'' <small>Behr, 1870</small> * ''[[Drasteria edwardsii]]'' <small>Behr, 1870</small> * ''[[Drasteria eubapta]]'' <small>Hampson, 1926</small> * ''[[Drasteria flexuosa]]'' <small>Ménétriés, 1848</small> * ''[[Drasteria fumosa]]'' <small>Strecker, 1898</small> * ''[[Drasteria grandirena]]'' <small>Haworth, 1809</small> * ''[[Drasteria graphica]]'' <small>Hübner, 1818</small> * ''[[Drasteria habibazel]]'' <small>Dumont, 1922</small> * ''[[Drasteria hastingsii]]'' <small>(Edwards, 1881)</small> * ''[[Drasteria herzi]]'' <small>Alphéraky, 1895</small> * ''[[Drasteria howlandii]]'' <small>Grote, 1864</small> * ''[[Drasteria hudsonica]]'' <small>Grote & Robinson, 1865</small> * ''[[Drasteria hyblaeoides]]'' <small>Moore, 1878</small> * ''[[Drasteria indecora]]'' <small>John, 1910</small> * ''[[Drasteria inepta]]'' <small>H. Edwards, 1881</small> * ''[[Drasteria ingeniculata]]'' <small>Morrison, 1875</small> * ''[[Drasteria judaica]]'' <small>Hampson, 1926</small> * ''[[Drasteria kabylaria]]'' <small>Bang-Haas, 1906</small> * ''[[Drasteria kusnezovi]]'' <small>John, 1910</small> * ''[[Drasteria langi]]'' <small>Ershov, 1874</small> * ''[[Drasteria maculosa]]'' <small>Behr, 1870</small> * ''[[Drasteria mirifica]]'' <small>H. Edwards, 1878</small> * ''[[Drasteria mongoliensis]]'' <small>Wiltshire, 1969</small> * ''[[Drasteria nephelostola]]'' <small>Hampson, 1926</small> * ''[[Drasteria nubicola]]'' <small>Behr, 1870</small> * ''[[Drasteria obscurata]]'' <small>Staudinger, 1882</small> * ''[[Drasteria occulta]]'' <small>H. Edwards, 1881</small> * ''[[Drasteria ochracea]]'' <small>Behr, 1870</small> * ''[[Drasteria oranensis]]'' <small>Rothschild, 1920</small> * ''[[Drasteria pallescens]]'' <small>Grote & Robinson, 1866</small> * ''[[Drasteria pamira]]'' <small>John, 1921</small> * ''[[Drasteria perplexa]]'' <small>H. Edwards, 1884</small> * ''[[Drasteria petricola]]'' <small>Walker, 1858</small> * ''[[Drasteria philippina]]'' <small>Austaut, 1880</small> * ''[[Drasteria picta]]'' <small>Christoph, 1877</small> * ''[[Drasteria pictoides]]'' <small>Poole, 1989</small> * ''[[Drasteria pulchra]]'' <small>Barnes & McDunnough, 1918</small> * ''[[Drasteria pulverosa]]'' <small>Wiltshire, 1969</small> * ''[[Drasteria rada]]'' <small>Boisduval, 1848</small> * ''[[Drasteria sabulosa]]'' <small>H. Edwards, 1881</small> * ''[[Drasteria saisani]]'' <small>Staudinger, 1882</small> * ''[[Drasteria scolopax]]'' <small>Alphéraky, 1892</small> * ''[[Drasteria scrupulosa]]'' <small>H. Edwards, 1878</small> * ''[[Drasteria sculpta]]'' <small>Püngeler, 1904</small> * ''[[Drasteria sesquilina]]'' <small>Staudinger, 1888</small> * ''[[Drasteria sesquistria]]'' <small>Eversmann, 1854</small> * ''[[Drasteria sinuosa]]'' <small>Staudinger, 1884</small> * ''[[Drasteria stretchii]]'' <small>Behr, 1870</small> * ''[[Drasteria tejonica]]'' <small>Behr, 1870</small> * ''[[Drasteria tenera]]'' <small>Staudinger, 1877</small> * ''[[Drasteria walshi]]'' <small>Metlevski, 2009</small> * ''[[Drasteria yerburii]]'' <small>Butler, 1892</small> {{div col end}} ==Species olim hic circumscripta== ''Drasteria stuebeli'' nunc ''[[Anydrophila stuebeli]]'' <small>Calberla, 1891.</small> appellatur. ==Bibliographia== * Mustelin, T. [[2006]]. [Commentarium in] ''Zootaxa'' 1278: 1-47. ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/noctuoidea/noctuidae/catocalinae/drasteria/index.html De genera] apud situm nic.funet.fi. * [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=noctuidae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS "Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database"] apud situm nhm.ac.uk. [[Categoria:Catocalini]] [[Categoria:Taxa Hübner]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1818]] 1rle2paxb967xcjch73vp2ostrt8eq6 0 132196 3700001 3402349 2022-08-27T12:31:06Z IacobusAmor 1163 Subfamiliae animalium &c. wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Catocalinae | image = Egybolis vaillantina.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Egybolis vaillantina]]'' | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | subordo = [[Ditrysia]] | unranked_superfamilia = [[Macrolepidoptera]] | superfamilia = [[Noctuoidea]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | subfamilia = '''Catocalinae''' | subfamilia_authority = | subdivision_ranks = [[Tribus (taxinomia)|Tribus]] | subdivision = *[[Tytini]] *[[Armadini]] *[[Catocalini]] *[[Erebini]] }} '''Catocalinae''' vel fortasse '''Erebinae''' sunt [[subfamilia]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[Familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]]. Multae [[species (taxinomia)|species]] sunt aliis Noctuidis [[zona temperata|zonarum temperatarum]] multo maiores ([[latitudo alarum]] 7–10 cm), et ei sunt clarissime [[color]]atae [[ala]]e posteriores. Familiae [[Ophiderinae]] et [[Calpinae]] arte conectae aliquando hunc in gregem digeruntur. == Genera == [[Genus (taxinomia)|Genera]] Catocalinarum usitate in [[tribus (taxinomia)|tribus]] [[Tytini|Tytinos]], [[Armadini|Armadinos]], et [[Erebini|Erebinos]] digeruntur, quibus sunt pauca genera, et in multo maiorem tribum [[Catocalini|Catocalinos]]. Nihilominus, multa genera in tribus non iam digesta sunt, quia eorum coniunctiones investigationem additam poscunt. Haec genera [[incertae sedis]] sunt: {{div col|2}} * ''[[Anereuthina]]'' * ''[[Anisoneura]]'' * ''[[Anydrophila]]'' * ''[[Argyrostrotis]]'' * ''[[Arsacia]]'' * ''[[Artena (moth)|Artena]]'' * ''[[Athyrma]]'' * ''[[Bamra (moth)|Bamra]]'' * ''[[Batracharta]]'' * ''[[Blasticorhinus]]'' * ''[[Bocula]]'' * ''[[Calesia]]'' * ''[[Chalciope (moth)|Chalciope]]'' * ''[[Coenipeta]]'' * ''[[Crioa]]'' * ''[[Ctenusa]]'' * ''[[Delgamma]]'' * ''[[Dinumma]]'' * ''[[Dordura]]'' * ''[[Ercheia]]'' * ''[[Erygia]]'' * ''[[Euclystis]]'' * ''[[Felinia]]'' * ''[[Gesonia]]'' * ''[[Hamodes]]'' * ''[[Hexamitoptera]]'' * ''[[Homodes]]'' * ''[[Hypopyra]]'' * ''[[Iontha]]'' * ''[[Lacera]]'' * ''[[Loxioda]]'' * ''[[Mocis]]'' * ''[[Ommatophora]]'' * ''[[Pantydia]]'' * ''[[Platyja]]'' * ''[[Plecoptera (moth)|Plecoptera]]'' * ''[[Pseudosphetta]]'' * ''[[Pterocyclophora]]'' * ''[[Scolecocampa]]'' * ''[[Serrodes]]'' * ''[[Speiredonia]]'' * ''[[Sympis]]'' * ''[[Tephriopis]]'' * ''[[Trigonodes]]'' * ''[[Varicosia]]'' * ''[[Zale (moth)|Zale]]'' {{div col end}} {{NexInt}} *''[[Drasteria]]'' ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Catocalinae|Catocalinas}} {{Vicispecies|Catocalinae|Catocalinas}} {{Fontes biologici}} * [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/noctuoidea/noctuidae/catocalinae/index.html De Catocalinis] apud situm funet.fi. * [http://bugguide.net/node/view/12333 De classificatione Catocalinarum, cum photographematibus,] apud situm bugguide.net. * [http://www.pbase.com/lilwings/catocalinae Pinacotheca photographematum Catocalinarum,] apud situm pbase.com. * [http://r.a.r.e.free.fr/catocalinae/index.htm De specie] apud situm r.a.r.e.free.fr. [[Categoria:Catocalinae| ]] [[Categoria:Noctuidae]] [[Categoria:SUbfamiliae animalium]] 3vj3j0i8hakrz6ob7o7q82xc9zu9fg3 0 132197 3699987 2460842 2022-08-27T12:18:16Z IacobusAmor 1163 {{Titulus italicus}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Anydrophila'' | image = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | genus = '''''Anydrophila''''' | genus_authority = John, [[1909]] }} '''''Anydrophila''''' est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]]. ==Species selectae== *''[[Anydrophila mirifica]]'' <small>(Erschoff, 1874)</small> *''[[Anydrophila sabouraudi]]'' <small>(D. Lucas, 1907)</small> *''[[Anydrophila stuebeli]]'' <small>(Calberla, 1891)</small> (olim ''Drasteria stuebeli'') ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/noctuoidea/noctuidae/catocalinae/anydrophila/index.html De genere] apud situm nic.funet.fi. *[http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=noctuidae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS "Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database,"] apud situm nhm.ac.uk. {{insecta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Taxa John]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1909]] tplc9ee3lcwlw1stbf1tfpy8i9ln2ky 3699998 3699987 2022-08-27T12:28:18Z IacobusAmor 1163 [[Categoria:Genera animalium]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Anydrophila'' | image = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | genus = '''''Anydrophila''''' | genus_authority = John, [[1909]] }} '''''Anydrophila''''' est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]]. ==Species selectae== *''[[Anydrophila mirifica]]'' <small>(Erschoff, 1874)</small> *''[[Anydrophila sabouraudi]]'' <small>(D. Lucas, 1907)</small> *''[[Anydrophila stuebeli]]'' <small>(Calberla, 1891)</small> (olim ''Drasteria stuebeli'') ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/noctuoidea/noctuidae/catocalinae/anydrophila/index.html De genere] apud situm nic.funet.fi. *[http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=noctuidae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS "Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database,"] apud situm nhm.ac.uk. {{insecta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Genera animalium]] [[Categoria:Taxa John]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1909]] osjyc2rfq41oz20vrpsg4qd06flw1ui 0 132198 3699984 2460844 2022-08-27T12:16:16Z IacobusAmor 1163 Titulus italicus &c. wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Anydrophila stuebeli'' | image = | image_width = 240px | image_caption = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | tribus = | genus = ''[[Anydrophila]]'' | species = '''''A. stuebeli''''' | binomial = ''Anydrophila stuebeli'' | binomial_authority = (Calberla, [[1891]]) | synonyms = *''Drasteria stuebeli'' }} '''''Anydrophila stuebeli''''' est [[lepidoptera|papilio]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]], in [[Sinai (paeninsula)|Paeninsula Sinaiensi]], [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]], media [[Arabia]], [[Phylarchiarum Arabicarum Confoederatio]]ne, [[Iordania]], et [[Israel (civitas)|Israel]] [[endemismus|endemicus]]. Olim nter ''[[drasteria]]s'' numerabatur. Una generatio per [[annus|annum]] fit. Adulti a [[Martius|Martio]] ad [[Maius|Maium]] [[volatus|volare]] solent. [[Larva]]e ''[[Calligonum comosum|Calligono comoso]]'' fortasse [[victus|vescuntur]]. ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.ppis.moag.gov.il/ppis/insect%5Fgallery/images/NOCTUIDAE/Catocalinae2006/images/34A.stuebeli.jpg Imago] apud situm ppis.moag.gov.il. *[http://kmk.entomology.ru/pdf/rej13-2004/ent13_3%20175_186%20Kravchenko.pdf De specie] apud situm kmk.entomology.ru. {{insecta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Species insectorum ex hominibus appellatae|Stuebel]] [[Categoria:Taxa Calberla]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1891]] 77uvk891a3obp55xuepbel71eua4nje 3699997 3699984 2022-08-27T12:27:51Z IacobusAmor 1163 [[Categoria:Species animalium]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Anydrophila stuebeli'' | image = | image_width = 240px | image_caption = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | tribus = | genus = ''[[Anydrophila]]'' | species = '''''A. stuebeli''''' | binomial = ''Anydrophila stuebeli'' | binomial_authority = (Calberla, [[1891]]) | synonyms = *''Drasteria stuebeli'' }} '''''Anydrophila stuebeli''''' est [[lepidoptera|papilio]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]], in [[Sinai (paeninsula)|Paeninsula Sinaiensi]], [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]], media [[Arabia]], [[Phylarchiarum Arabicarum Confoederatio]]ne, [[Iordania]], et [[Israel (civitas)|Israel]] [[endemismus|endemicus]]. Olim nter ''[[drasteria]]s'' numerabatur. Una generatio per [[annus|annum]] fit. Adulti a [[Martius|Martio]] ad [[Maius|Maium]] [[volatus|volare]] solent. [[Larva]]e ''[[Calligonum comosum|Calligono comoso]]'' fortasse [[victus|vescuntur]]. ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.ppis.moag.gov.il/ppis/insect%5Fgallery/images/NOCTUIDAE/Catocalinae2006/images/34A.stuebeli.jpg Imago] apud situm ppis.moag.gov.il. *[http://kmk.entomology.ru/pdf/rej13-2004/ent13_3%20175_186%20Kravchenko.pdf De specie] apud situm kmk.entomology.ru. {{insecta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Species animalium]] [[Categoria:Species insectorum ex hominibus appellatae|Stuebel]] [[Categoria:Taxa Calberla]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1891]] 2p6unbnhixjj0occfka986lzhb17khm 0 132305 3699985 2460912 2022-08-27T12:17:26Z IacobusAmor 1163 Titulus italicus &c. wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Anereuthina'' | image = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = ''[[Noctuidae]]'' | genus = '''''Anereuthina''''' | genus_authority = [[Hübner]], [[1823]] }} '''''Anereuthina''''' est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]]. ==Species== *''[[Anereuthina renosa]]'' <small>Hübner, 1823</small> ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.mothsofborneo.com/part-15-16/serrodes/serrodes_3.php De genere] apud situm mothsofborneo.com. *[http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=noctuidae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS "Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database"] apud situm nhm.ac.uk. {{insecta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Taxa Hübner]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1823]] ikoqp3gv3m19yld65nhuk0dsch632a7 3700000 3699985 2022-08-27T12:28:55Z IacobusAmor 1163 [[Categoria:Genera animalium]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Anereuthina'' | image = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = ''[[Noctuidae]]'' | genus = '''''Anereuthina''''' | genus_authority = [[Hübner]], [[1823]] }} '''''Anereuthina''''' est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]]. ==Species== *''[[Anereuthina renosa]]'' <small>Hübner, 1823</small> ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.mothsofborneo.com/part-15-16/serrodes/serrodes_3.php De genere] apud situm mothsofborneo.com. *[http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=noctuidae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS "Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database"] apud situm nhm.ac.uk. {{insecta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Genera animalium]] [[Categoria:Taxa Hübner]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1823]] j6gzgy42c50tbcs64sik9rklymrafzr 0 132306 3699988 3547861 2022-08-27T12:18:55Z IacobusAmor 1163 {{Titulus italicus}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | image = Argyrostrotis quadrifilaris1.JPG | image_caption = ''[[Argyrostrotis quadrifilaris]]'' | name = ''Argyrostrotis'' | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | genus = '''''Argyrostrotis''''' | genus_authority = [[Hübner]], [1821] }} '''''Argyrostrotis''''' est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]]. ==Species== * ''[[Argyrostrotis anilis]]'' <small>Drury, 1773</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis carolina]]'' <small>J.B. Smith, 1905</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis contempta]]'' <small>Guenée, 1852</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis deleta]]'' <small>Guenée, 1852</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis diffundens]]'' <small>Walker, 1858</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis erasa]]'' <small>Guenée, 1852</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis flavistriaria]]'' <small>Hübner, 1831</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis herbicola]]'' <small>Guenée, 1852</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis quadrifilaris]]'' <small>Hübner, 1831</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis sylvarum]]'' <small>Guenée, 1852</small> ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/noctuoidea/noctuidae/catocalinae/argyrostrotis/index.html ''Argyrostrotis''] apud situm nic.funet.fi. * [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=noctuidae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS "Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database"] apud situm nhm.ac.uk. [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Taxa Hübner]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1821]] gvwonxiw1o88wjc3olnmndx4oneehcv 3699996 3699988 2022-08-27T12:27:22Z IacobusAmor 1163 [[Categoria:Genera animalium]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | image = Argyrostrotis quadrifilaris1.JPG | image_caption = ''[[Argyrostrotis quadrifilaris]]'' | name = ''Argyrostrotis'' | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | genus = '''''Argyrostrotis''''' | genus_authority = [[Hübner]], [1821] }} '''''Argyrostrotis''''' est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]]. ==Species== * ''[[Argyrostrotis anilis]]'' <small>Drury, 1773</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis carolina]]'' <small>J.B. Smith, 1905</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis contempta]]'' <small>Guenée, 1852</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis deleta]]'' <small>Guenée, 1852</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis diffundens]]'' <small>Walker, 1858</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis erasa]]'' <small>Guenée, 1852</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis flavistriaria]]'' <small>Hübner, 1831</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis herbicola]]'' <small>Guenée, 1852</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis quadrifilaris]]'' <small>Hübner, 1831</small> * ''[[Argyrostrotis sylvarum]]'' <small>Guenée, 1852</small> ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/noctuoidea/noctuidae/catocalinae/argyrostrotis/index.html ''Argyrostrotis''] apud situm nic.funet.fi. * [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=noctuidae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS "Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database"] apud situm nhm.ac.uk. [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Genera animalium]] [[Categoria:Taxa Hübner]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1821]] 13pbyc5dl7kqodnvmjz48s3lalhbjl0 0 132307 3699989 2460916 2022-08-27T12:19:24Z IacobusAmor 1163 {{Titulus italicus}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | image = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | genus = '''''Arsacia''''' | genus_authority = Walker, [1866] }} '''''Arsacia''''' est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]]. ==Species== * ''[[Arsacia rectalis]]'' <small>Walker, 1863</small> ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/noctuoidea/noctuidae/catocalinae/arsacia/index.html De genere] apud situm nic.funet.fi. * [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=noctuidae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS "Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database"] apud situm nhm.ac.uk. {{insecta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Taxa Walker]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1866]]] 17tbya00v6wxl2j7cilcdhemfkc2yop 3699995 3699989 2022-08-27T12:27:02Z IacobusAmor 1163 [[Categoria:Genera animalium]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | image = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | genus = '''''Arsacia''''' | genus_authority = Walker, [1866] }} '''''Arsacia''''' est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]]. ==Species== * ''[[Arsacia rectalis]]'' <small>Walker, 1863</small> ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/noctuoidea/noctuidae/catocalinae/arsacia/index.html De genere] apud situm nic.funet.fi. * [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=noctuidae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS "Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database"] apud situm nhm.ac.uk. {{insecta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Genera animalium]] [[Categoria:Taxa Walker]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1866]]] 8zyoctqb6st4iiiq9doc8dvw7f7pif6 0 132308 3699990 2460918 2022-08-27T12:19:56Z IacobusAmor 1163 {{Titulus italicus}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | image = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | genus = '''''Artena''''' | genus_authority = Walker, 1858 }} '''''Artena''''' est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]]. ==Species== * ''[[Artena angulata]]'' <small>(Roepke, 1938)</small> * ''[[Artena certior]]'' <small>(Walker, 1858)</small> * ''[[Artena convergens]]'' <small>(Gaede, 1917)</small> * ''[[Artena dotata]]'' <small>(Fabricius, 1794)</small> * ''[[Artena durfa]]'' <small>(Plotz, 1880)</small> * ''[[Artena eccentrica]]'' <small>Yoshimoto, 1999</small> * ''[[Artena inversa]]'' <small>(Walker, 1858)</small> * ''[[Artena lacteicincta]]'' <small>(Hampson, 1912)</small> * ''[[Artena rubida]]'' <small>(Walker, 1863)</small> * ''[[Artena submira]]'' <small>Walker, 1858</small> * ''[[Artena velutina]]'' <small>L.B. Prout, 1919</small> Zilli et Hogenes ''[[Artena velutina|Artenam velutinam]],'' olim [[subspecies|subspeciem]] ''[[Artena rubida|Artenae rubidae]],'' ad statum [[species (taxinomia)|speciei]] anno [[2004]] elevaverunt. ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.mothsofborneo.com/part-15-16/ophiusini/ophiusini_1.php De genere] apud situm mothsofborneo.com * [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/noctuoidea/noctuidae/catocalinae/artena/index.html De genere] apud situm nic.funet.fi. * [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=noctuidae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS "Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database"] apud situm nhm.ac.uk. {{DEFAULTSORT:Artena}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Taxa Walker]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1858]] 3q8xq0iovd094xwqdfh21v8s1p4540g 3699993 3699990 2022-08-27T12:25:36Z IacobusAmor 1163 [[Categoria:Genera animalium]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | image = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | genus = '''''Artena''''' | genus_authority = Walker, 1858 }} '''''Artena''''' est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]]. ==Species== * ''[[Artena angulata]]'' <small>(Roepke, 1938)</small> * ''[[Artena certior]]'' <small>(Walker, 1858)</small> * ''[[Artena convergens]]'' <small>(Gaede, 1917)</small> * ''[[Artena dotata]]'' <small>(Fabricius, 1794)</small> * ''[[Artena durfa]]'' <small>(Plotz, 1880)</small> * ''[[Artena eccentrica]]'' <small>Yoshimoto, 1999</small> * ''[[Artena inversa]]'' <small>(Walker, 1858)</small> * ''[[Artena lacteicincta]]'' <small>(Hampson, 1912)</small> * ''[[Artena rubida]]'' <small>(Walker, 1863)</small> * ''[[Artena submira]]'' <small>Walker, 1858</small> * ''[[Artena velutina]]'' <small>L.B. Prout, 1919</small> Zilli et Hogenes ''[[Artena velutina|Artenam velutinam]],'' olim [[subspecies|subspeciem]] ''[[Artena rubida|Artenae rubidae]],'' ad statum [[species (taxinomia)|speciei]] anno [[2004]] elevaverunt. ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.mothsofborneo.com/part-15-16/ophiusini/ophiusini_1.php De genere] apud situm mothsofborneo.com * [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/noctuoidea/noctuidae/catocalinae/artena/index.html De genere] apud situm nic.funet.fi. * [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=noctuidae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS "Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database"] apud situm nhm.ac.uk. {{DEFAULTSORT:Artena}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Genera animalium]] [[Categoria:Taxa Walker]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1858]] k10xsy084vtpdnd18oji1j1l7umlw8e 0 132309 3699991 2460920 2022-08-27T12:20:16Z IacobusAmor 1163 {{Titulus italicus}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Artena angulata'' | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | genus = ''[[Artena]]'' | species = '''''A. angulata''''' | binomial = ''Artena angulata'' | binomial_authority = ([[Gualterius Carolus Ioannes Roepke|Roepke]], [[1938]]) | synonyms = *''Lagoptera angulata'' <small>Roepke, 1938</small> }} '''''Artena angulata''''' est [[lepidoptera|papilio]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Nocuidarum]], in [[Sumatra]] et [[Sulawesi]]{{dubsig}} [[endemismus|endemicus]]. {{insecta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Lepidoptera Asiae]] [[Categoria:Taxa Roepke]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1938]] t5u8gbpu6bvsz3vpn1m5qengfobpt07 3699994 3699991 2022-08-27T12:26:24Z IacobusAmor 1163 [[Categoria:Species animalium]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Artena angulata'' | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | genus = ''[[Artena]]'' | species = '''''A. angulata''''' | binomial = ''Artena angulata'' | binomial_authority = ([[Gualterius Carolus Ioannes Roepke|Roepke]], [[1938]]) | synonyms = *''Lagoptera angulata'' <small>Roepke, 1938</small> }} '''''Artena angulata''''' est [[lepidoptera|papilio]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Nocuidarum]], in [[Sumatra]] et [[Sulawesi]]{{dubsig}} [[endemismus|endemicus]]. {{insecta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Lepidoptera Asiae]] [[Categoria:Species animalium]] [[Categoria:Taxa Roepke]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1938]] sx3ecxgg3bbt19cftx5gcqewqotxc4k 0 132310 3699986 2915223 2022-08-27T12:17:55Z IacobusAmor 1163 {{Titulus italicus}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | image = Noctuid Moth (Anisoneura aluco) (8724681258).jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = ''[[Anisoneura aluco|A. aluco]]'' | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | genus = '''''Anisoneura''''' | genus_authority = Guenée, [[1852]] }} '''''Anisoneura''''' est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]]. ==Species== * ''[[Anisoneura aluco]]'' <small>(Fabricius, 1775)</small> * ''[[Anisoneura salebrosa]]'' <small>Guenée, 1852</small> ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/noctuoidea/noctuidae/catocalinae/anisoneura/index.html De genere] apud situm nic.funet.fi. * [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=noctuidae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS "Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database"] apud situm nhm.ac.uk. {{insecta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Taxa Guenée]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1852]] 7f2ig2o6ynoypm3lk7mmdgsc2tbehuc 3699999 3699986 2022-08-27T12:28:39Z IacobusAmor 1163 [[Categoria:Genera animalium]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | image = Noctuid Moth (Anisoneura aluco) (8724681258).jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = ''[[Anisoneura aluco|A. aluco]]'' | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | genus = '''''Anisoneura''''' | genus_authority = Guenée, [[1852]] }} '''''Anisoneura''''' est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]]. ==Species== * ''[[Anisoneura aluco]]'' <small>(Fabricius, 1775)</small> * ''[[Anisoneura salebrosa]]'' <small>Guenée, 1852</small> ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/noctuoidea/noctuidae/catocalinae/anisoneura/index.html De genere] apud situm nic.funet.fi. * [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=noctuidae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS "Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database"] apud situm nhm.ac.uk. {{insecta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Genera animalium]] [[Categoria:Taxa Guenée]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1852]] pi9tyh1d647k4q668wuivdugqrpilst 0 132311 3699992 2460924 2022-08-27T12:24:52Z IacobusAmor 1163 + wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = Artena certior | image = Lagoptera certior.JPG | image_width = 100px | image_caption = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | subsubphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | tribus = | genus = [[Artena]] | species = '''''A. certior''''' | binomial = ''Artena certior'' | binomial_authority = (Walker, [[1858]]) | synonyms = *''Lagoptera certior'' *''Ophisma certior'' <small>Walker, 1858</small> *''Ophisma contenta'' <small>Walker, 1858</small> *''Ophisma rectilinea'' <small>Snellen, 1877</small> *''Ophisma siamica'' <small>Walker, 1865</small> }} '''''Artena certior''''' est [[species]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]], quae in [[Thailandia]], [[India]], et [[Iava]] [[endemismus|endemicus est]]. Primum a [[Franciscus Walker (entomologus)|Francisco Walker]] anno [[1858]] descripta est.<ref>{{LepIndex |id=276984 |accessdate=25 Novembris 2019}}.</ref> ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus externi== {{Taxonbar|from=Q659963}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Biota Iavae]] [[Categoria:Lepidoptera Indiae]] [[Categoria:Fauna Thailandiae]] [[Categoria:Species animalium]] [[Categoria:Taxa Walker]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1858]] lhreqdl7jq2ph04gepqn8h7avm6f48v 0 132312 3700004 2460926 2022-08-27T12:42:34Z IacobusAmor 1163 Titulus italicus &c. wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = Artena convergens | image = | image_width = 100px | image_caption = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | tribus = | genus = [[Artena]] | species = '''''A. convergens''''' | binomial = ''Artena convergens'' | binomial_authority = (Gaede, [[1917]]) | synonyms = *''Lagoptera convergens'' <small>Gaede, 1917</small> *''Artena ochrobrunnea'' <small>L.B. Prout, 1919</small> *''Thyas ochrobrunnea'' }} '''''Artena convergens''''' est [[species]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]], quae in [[Thailandia]], [[Malaesia Paeninsularis|Malaesia Paeninsulari]], [[Sumatra]], [[Borneum|Borneo]], et [[Nova Guinea]] [[endemismus|endemica est]]. A Gaede anno [[1917]] primum descripta est. ==Subspecies== *''Artena convergens convergens'' *''Artena convergens nicanora'' (Nova Guinea) ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.mothsofborneo.com/part-15-16/ophiusini/ophiusini_1_4.php De specie.] {{insecta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Species animaliium]] [[Categoria:Taxa Gaede]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1917]] 4m95qoo0dkydhlf5bab1wwu0tsnb3kw 3700005 3700004 2022-08-27T12:45:43Z IacobusAmor 1163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = Artena convergens | image = | image_width = 100px | image_caption = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Noctuidae]] | tribus = | genus = [[Artena]] | species = '''''A. convergens''''' | binomial = ''Artena convergens'' | binomial_authority = (Gaede, [[1917]]) | synonyms = *''Lagoptera convergens'' <small>Gaede, 1917</small> *''Artena ochrobrunnea'' <small>L.B. Prout, 1919</small> *''Thyas ochrobrunnea'' }} '''''Artena convergens''''' est [[species]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Noctuidae|Noctuidarum]], quae in [[Thailandia]], [[Malaesia Paeninsularis|Malaesia Paeninsulari]], [[Sumatra]], [[Borneum|Borneo]], et [[Nova Guinea]] [[endemismus|endemica est]]. A Gaede anno [[1917]] primum descripta est. ==Subspecies== *''Artena convergens convergens'' *''Artena convergens nicanora'' (Nova Guinea) ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.mothsofborneo.com/part-15-16/ophiusini/ophiusini_1_4.php De specie.] {{insecta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Catocalinae]] [[Categoria:Species animalium]] [[Categoria:Taxa Gaede]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1917]] 6ff2iah9f8ep6qdyokul5kx8ay3ztl0 0 174807 3700003 3699974 2022-08-27T12:39:51Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Forinus'''<ref>[[Paulus Diaconus]], ''Historia Langobardorum'', [[s:la:Historia Langobardorum/Liber V#10|V, 10]].</ref> {{victio|Forinum|i|n}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''Forino'') est [[oppidum]] et [[commune Italiae|commune]] [[Italia|Italicum]] in [[Provincia Abellinas|Provincia Abellinati]] [[Regio Italiae|Regionis]] [[Campania]]e situm. {{NexInt}} * [[Abellinum]] * [[Hirpinia]] * [[Municipium Italiae]] ==Pinacotheca== <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|[[Municipium Italiae]] Fasciculus:Map - IT - Avellino - Forino.svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Abellinati. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{communiaCat|Forino (Italy)|Forinum}} * [http://www.comune.Forino.av.it/ Situs interretialis Forinus proprius.] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Abellini]] [[Categoria:Municipia Hirpiniae]] iv7dh82uw74jib2qdvwjeewg05yogz0 3700006 3700003 2022-08-27T12:52:54Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Forinus'''<ref>[[Paulus Diaconus]], ''Historia Langobardorum'', [[s:la:Historia Langobardorum/Liber V#10|V, 10]].</ref> {{victio|Forinum|i|n}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''Forino'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Campania]] et in [[Provincia Abellinas|Provincia Abellinati]] situm. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Hirpinia]] * [[Abellinum]] == Nexus externi == [[Fasciculus:Forino – Panorama (2017).jpg|thumb|Despectus in Forinum]] {{communiaCat|Forino (Italy)|Forinum}} * [http://www.comune.Forino.av.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Abellini]] [[Categoria:Municipia Hirpiniae]] ltofpt4e2xbqtwn3hv4mzk45fsju00l 3700009 3700006 2022-08-27T13:08:19Z Frognall 147188 verisimiliter wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Forinus'''<ref>[[Paulus Diaconus]], ''Historia Langobardorum'', [[s:la:Historia Langobardorum/Liber V#10|V, 10]].</ref> {{victio|Forinus|i|f}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''Forino'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Campania]] et in [[Provincia Abellinas|Provincia Abellinati]] situm. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Hirpinia]] * [[Abellinum]] == Nexus externi == [[Fasciculus:Forino – Panorama (2017).jpg|thumb|Despectus in Forinum]] {{communiaCat|Forino (Italy)|Forinum}} * [http://www.comune.Forino.av.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Abellini]] [[Categoria:Municipia Hirpiniae]] 3hsto7razjppf7ukqydk2jjaxf6lbof 0 176270 3700214 3699012 2022-08-28T11:46:16Z IacobusAmor 1163 +Nexus wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox|name=''Heteropoda davidbowie'' |regnum=[[Animalia]] |phylum=[[Arthropoda]] |classis=[[Arachnida]] |ordo=[[Araneae]] |subordo=[[Araneomorphae]] |familia=[[Sparassidae]] |genus=''[[Heteropoda]]'' |species='''''H. davidbowie''''' |binomial=''Heteropoda davidbowie''|binomial_authority=P. Jaeger<ref name="Jaeger">{{cite web|title=Bowie gets spider named after him |url=http://www.cbc.ca/arts/music/story/2009/09/06/bowie-spider.html|date=[[6 Septembris]] [[2009]]|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=[[6 Septembris]] [[2009]]|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090910065710/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/music/story/2009/09/06/bowie-spider.html|archivedate=2009-09-10}}.</ref>}} '''''Heteropoda davidbowie''''' est [[species (taxinomia)|species]] [[araneae|aranearum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Sparassidae|Sparassidarum]], quae in [[Malaesia]] a [[Petyus Jäger|Petro Jäger]], [[zoologus|zoologo]] [[Germania|Germanico]], inventa est. Ex [[cantor]]e [[David Bowie|Davide Bowie]] appellatur, ad praedicanda<!--advertising--> eius inventa et [[species periclitata|species periclitatas]].<ref name="Jaeger"/> Aranea magna, [[flavus|flava]], [[pilus|pilosa]] describitur. ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus externi== *Jack's World of Wildlife. [[2022]]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uA_KhHncWeA "HUGE Huntsman SPIDER and I CAUGHT IT! Heteropoda davidbowie!"] [[Pellicula]] [[YouTube]]. Die 26 Augusti 2022 primum prolatum. {{arachnida-stipula}} [[Categoria:David Bowie]] [[Categoria:Sparassidae]] [[Categoria:Species arachnidorum ex hominibus appellatae|Bowie]] [[Categoria:Taxa Jaeger]] [[Categoria:Taxa 2009]] qc1rzadngl6xwi3ybe8qe9pokluwhep 0 176687 3700013 3285865 2022-08-27T13:25:16Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} {{Latinitas|-2}} '''Naucalpan de Juárez''' (Ex [[Lingua Navatlaca|Navatlaco]]: 'Quattro case') est [[municipium]] [[Civitas Mexici|Mexici]] civitatis in [[Mexicum]] conditum anno [[1826]], quae in limite septentrionali cum [[Mexicopolis]] iacet et ad meridionali [[Tlalnepantla de Baz]]. 533,080 incolae circiter habitant anno [[2005]]. Praefectus urbis est Ignacio Cruz García, qui ad factionem PAN pertinet. == Nexus externi == [[Fasciculus:Torres de Satélite - 2.jpg|thumb|Turres Satellitis (''Torres de Satélite'')]] {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Municipia Mexici]] [[Categoria:Condita 1826]] srxd63gy3xmo7eiz25raldh53me25ph 0 181816 3700195 3699914 2022-08-28T08:31:52Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Gleola'''<ref>"parrochia de Gleola et de Altocornu" [https://www.persee.fr/doc/bec_0373-6237_1883_num_44_1_447174 p. 477]</ref> vel '''Gleiola'''<ref>"sub resorto castri de Gleiola": [https://books.openedition.org/editionsmsh/19403?lang=en#ftn6 vide notam subiunctam 6]</ref> ([[Francogallice]] ''Laguiole'') est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 1'256 incolarum (anno [[2010]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Avario (praefectura Franciae)|Avarionis]] in provincia australi [[Meridianum et Pyrenaeus|Meridiano et Pyrenaeo]]. Circum hoc oppidum [[caseus de Gleola]] paratur. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Avarionis]] == Nexus externi == [[Fasciculus: Laguiole_-_Mairie.JPG|thumb|Conciliabulum oppidi de Gleola]] {{Fontes geographici}} {{CommuniaCat|Laguiole (Aveyron)|Gleolam}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Aveyronis]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Aveyronis]] [[Categoria:Emporia casearia]] [[Categoria:Gleola|!]] oqqhvqcphdhve4kobhrnzyl0ub53a4c 0 184942 3700200 3020586 2022-08-28T10:06:13Z EmausBot 23083 automaton: rectificatio redirectionis duplicis → [[Harrius Potter]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Harrius Potter]] dul57aop8oslln8ixk6rlthuo2ymbs0 0 186325 3700076 3199493 2022-08-27T17:54:54Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Christopher Ryti''' sive vulgo '''Risto Heikki Ryti''' (natus [[3 Februarii]] [[1889]] in [[Hwittis|Hwitti]], [[Finnia]], mortuus [[25 Octobris]] [[1956]] [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingia]]e, in Finnia) fuit [[politicus|vir rerum politicarum peritus]] et praeses quintus Finniae. Praeses fuit tempore [[Bellum Orbis Terrarum Secundum|belli orbis terrarum secundi]] ab anno [[1940]] usque ad [[1944]]. Bis fuit praeterea minister aerarii publici. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Praesides Finniae}} {{Primi ministri Finniae}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ryti, Risto}} [[Categoria:Nati 1889]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1956]] [[Categoria:Praesides Finniae]] [[Categoria:Primi ministri Finniae]] frl730unngrfop61sk6fx2pbklmutnw 0 188473 3700017 3649367 2022-08-27T13:35:12Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Redirigens ad [[Michael Musculus]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Michael Musculus]] 9ew4lfo3xry4f4xh4mo5wqd12w1gzgr 0 194613 3700201 2608637 2022-08-28T10:06:23Z EmausBot 23083 automaton: rectificatio redirectionis duplicis → [[Michael Musculus]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Michael Musculus]] 9ew4lfo3xry4f4xh4mo5wqd12w1gzgr 0 197383 3700007 3697000 2022-08-27T13:02:53Z 31.191.202.215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina non annexa}} {{Capsa factionis | nomen_factio = Motus Fascismus et Libertas - Factio Socialistica Nationalis | nomen_nativum = Movimento Fascismo e Libertà - Partito Socialista Nazionale | signum_factionis =[[Fasciculus:Logo Del PSN.jpg|150px]] | ductor_senator = | ductor_repraesentans = | ductor = [[Carolus Gariglio]] | praeses = | cathedra = | interpres = | ductor1_title = | nomen1_ductoris = | ductor2_title = | nomen2_ductoris = | ductor3_title = | nomen3_ductoris = | conditus_est = 1991 | solvitus_est = | praetorium = | diarium = | ideologia = [[Fascismus]], [[Nationalismus]] | ars_fiscalis = | ars_socialis = | patria = [[Italia]] | res_internationalis = | color_factionis = #000000 | nexus = [http://www.fascismoeliberta.info/ www.fascismoeliberta.info] | adnotationes = }} '''''Motus Fascismus et Libertas - Factio Socialistica Nationalis''''' ([[Lingua Italica|Italice]] '''''Movimento Fascismo e Libertà - Partito Socialista Nazionale''''') est factio [[politica]] [[fascismus|fascistica]]. A [[Georgius Pisanò|Georgio Pisanò]] condita, est sola factio [[Italia|Italica]] coram [[fascismus|fascistica]]. Factio socia [[Unio Mundana Nationalistarum Socialistarumque|Unionis Mundanae Nationalistarum Socialistarumque]] est. ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.fascismoeliberta.info/ Pagina interretialis officialis] {{ling|Italice}} [[Categoria:Factiones Fascisticae]] [[Categoria:Factiones politicae Italicae]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1991]] [[Categoria:Fascismus in Italia]] rlkfw5f8e6cihl9rikudtw89f73v9rf 0 206564 3700066 3504703 2022-08-27T16:17:13Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Michael Maierus''' ([[1569]] - [[1622]]) erat medicus, alchemista et hermetista natione Germanus, fuit consiliarius [[Rudolphus II|Rudolphi II]] Imperatoris Romanorum. Scripsit libros alchemicos ornatos imaginibis incisis perpulchris. Ei favit ut Maecenas [[Henricus Ranzovius]]. == Scripta selecta == [[Fasciculus:Michael Maier Atalanta Fugiens.jpeg|thumb|''Atalanta Fugiens'' (1618), frontispicium libri.]] * 1617 : ''Symbola aureae mensae duodecim nationum'' (Francofurti: Antonius Hummius) [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_87sQCxPqwrgC Textus] * 1618 : ''Atalanta Fugiens'' == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1569|1622|Maier, Michael}} [[Categoria:Eruditi Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Hermetismus]] [[Categoria:Aulici Imperatoris Rudolphi II]] 7wjdhgohd4wffjvth0kew9mwedgzty4 0 208938 3700094 3357316 2022-08-27T19:05:25Z Andrew Dalby 1084 contribui wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Star Wars]] dc2nboty1egwrb1pv2au25bwwq4b0en 0 210919 3700199 2712426 2022-08-28T10:06:03Z EmausBot 23083 automaton: rectificatio redirectionis duplicis → [[Donkey Kong]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Donkey Kong]] 3wxc6hk9fhxhkb4p374cctih8ml74de 0 219367 3700185 3696744 2022-08-28T08:03:05Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{De Religione Graeca}} '''Lenaea''' (Graece: Λήναια) temporibus Graeciae antiquae fuerunt ludi sollemnes in honore dei [[Dionysus|Dionysi]] mense [[Calendarium Atticum|Gamelion]]e (Ianuario vel Februario) celebrati. Initio in [[Lenaeum|Lenaeo]] acti sunt, sacrum fanum [[Dionysus Lenaeus|Dionysi Lenaei]] in [[Forum antiquum Athenarum|antiquo foro]] [[Athenae|Athenarum]] sita. Secunda quidem parte saeculi V a.C.n. autem ad [[Theatrum Dionysii|theatrum Dionysii]] in fastigio australi [[Acropolis Athenarum|Acropoleos]] moti sunt. Per spatium trium dierum celebrari solebant. Aliter atque in [[Dionysia|Dionysiis]] plurime hoc in festo plerumque comoediae actae sunt (quinque) sed solum duo tragoediae (neque satyrica agebantur). == Index victorum == * Magnes: 11 victoriae in Lenaeis et [[Dionysia|Dionysiis]] * [[Cratinus]]: 3 victoriae in Lenaeis (6 victoriae in Dionysiis) * Teleclides: 5 victoriae in Lenaeis (3 victoriae in Dionysiis) * [[Pherecrates]]: 2 victoriae in Lenaeis (1 victoriae in Dionysiis) * [[Hermippus]]: 4 victoriae in Lenaeis (non minus quam 1 victoriae in Dionysiis) * [[Eupolis]]: 3 victoriae in Lenaeis (4 victoriae in Dionysiis) * [[Aristophanes]]: non minus quam 4 in Lenaeis (non minus quam 2 victoriae in Dionysiis) * [[Plato (comicus)|Plato]]: non minus quam 1 victoria in Dionysiis * [[Phrynichus]]: 2 victoriae in Lenaeis (non minus quam 1 victoria in Dionysiis) * 429 a.C. - [[Phrynichus]] * 428/427 a.C. - [[Myrtilus]] * 427/426 a.C. - [[Eupolis]] * 425 a.C. - primum praemium [[Aristophanes]] tulit (''[[Acharnenses]]''); secundum praemium tulit [[Cratinus]] (''Hibernantes''); tertium pretium tulit Eupolis (''Festum lunae novae'') * 424 a.C. - Aristophanes (''[[Equites (Aristophanes)|Equites]]'') * 422 a.C. - Aristophanes (''[[Vespae (Aristophanes)|Vespae]]'') * 421 a.C. - Eupolis (''Maricas'') ? * 416 a.C. - Eupolis (''Infectores'') ? * 412 a.C. - Eupolis (''Demi'') ? * 411 a.C. - Aristophanes (''[[Lysistrata]]'') * 405 a.C. - primum praemium tulit Aristophanes (''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranae]]''); secundum praemium tulit Phrynichus (''Musae''); tertium praemium tulit [[Plato (comicus)|Plato]] (''Cleophon'') == Plura legere si cupis == *H. Jeanmaire, ''Dionysos, histoire du culte de Bacchus'', Payot, 1951ː 44-47. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1953_num_55_1_4897_t1_0162_0000_2 Recensio critica Roberti Flacelière] *Arthur Pickard-Cambridge, ''The Dramatic Festivals of Athens'', Oxonii, Clarendon Press, 1968 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1968_num_37_2_1530_t1_0669_0000_2 Recensio critica]ltera recensio critica] [[Categoria:Feriae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Theatrum Graecum antiquum]] [[Categoria:Athenae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Ritus Ianuarii]] kw2e29u2bmbtxng6nscvb9t09gygm9c 3700189 3700185 2022-08-28T08:12:39Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{De Religione Graeca}} '''Lenaea''' (Graece: Λήναια) temporibus Graeciae antiquae fuerunt ludi sollemnes in honore dei [[Dionysus|Dionysi]] mense [[Calendarium Atticum|Gamelion]]e (Ianuario vel Februario) celebrati. Initio in [[Lenaeum|Lenaeo]] acti sunt, sacrum fanum [[Dionysus Lenaeus|Dionysi Lenaei]] in [[Forum antiquum Athenarum|antiquo foro]] [[Athenae|Athenarum]] sita. Secunda quidem parte saeculi V a.C.n. autem ad [[Theatrum Dionysii|theatrum Dionysii]] in fastigio australi [[Acropolis Athenarum|Acropoleos]] moti sunt. Per spatium trium dierum celebrari solebant. Aliter atque in [[Dionysia|Dionysiis]] plurime hoc in festo plerumque comoediae actae sunt (quinque) sed solum duo tragoediae (neque satyrica agebantur). == Index victorum == * Magnes: 11 victoriae in Lenaeis et [[Dionysia|Dionysiis]] * [[Cratinus]]: 3 victoriae in Lenaeis (6 victoriae in Dionysiis) * Teleclides: 5 victoriae in Lenaeis (3 victoriae in Dionysiis) * [[Pherecrates]]: 2 victoriae in Lenaeis (1 victoriae in Dionysiis) * [[Hermippus]]: 4 victoriae in Lenaeis (non minus quam 1 victoriae in Dionysiis) * [[Eupolis]]: 3 victoriae in Lenaeis (4 victoriae in Dionysiis) * [[Aristophanes]]: non minus quam 4 in Lenaeis (non minus quam 2 victoriae in Dionysiis) * [[Plato (comicus)|Plato]]: non minus quam 1 victoria in Dionysiis * [[Phrynichus]]: 2 victoriae in Lenaeis (non minus quam 1 victoria in Dionysiis) * 429 a.C. - [[Phrynichus]] * 428/427 a.C. - [[Myrtilus]] * 427/426 a.C. - [[Eupolis]] * 425 a.C. - primum praemium [[Aristophanes]] tulit (''[[Acharnenses]]''); secundum praemium tulit [[Cratinus]] (''Hibernantes''); tertium pretium tulit Eupolis (''Festum lunae novae'') * 424 a.C. - Aristophanes (''[[Equites (Aristophanes)|Equites]]'') * 422 a.C. - Aristophanes (''[[Vespae (Aristophanes)|Vespae]]'') * 421 a.C. - Eupolis (''Maricas'') ? * 416 a.C. - Eupolis (''Infectores'') ? * 412 a.C. - Eupolis (''Demi'') ? * 411 a.C. - Aristophanes (''[[Lysistrata]]'') * 405 a.C. - primum praemium tulit Aristophanes (''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranae]]''); secundum praemium tulit Phrynichus (''Musae''); tertium praemium tulit [[Plato (comicus)|Plato]] (''Cleophon'') == Plura legere si cupis == *H. Jeanmaire, ''Dionysos, histoire du culte de Bacchus'', Payot, 1951ː 44-47. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1953_num_55_1_4897_t1_0162_0000_2 Recensio critica Roberti Flacelière] *Arthur Pickard-Cambridge, ''The Dramatic Festivals of Athens'', Oxonii, Clarendon Press, 1968 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1968_num_37_2_1530_t1_0669_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1954_num_23_1_3238_t1_0225_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [[Categoria:Feriae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Theatrum Graecum antiquum]] [[Categoria:Athenae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Ritus Ianuarii]] sgqf0pavi38juvdfx8gqzblob01l84w 0 223419 3700036 3699814 2022-08-27T14:49:50Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholiaf<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. == De argumento == Aristophanes [[Allegoria|allegorici]]s personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur si sint dei homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Poetae viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum suo servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Plutus si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem ei reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid apud capillarios audierit mirans. An re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei non fidem habet nisi fortasse furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici ei in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremylos (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutus]], deus divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] j7wy8p1sunkl1abws800ow2zgjwye5l 3700038 3700036 2022-08-27T14:57:11Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De argumento */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholiaf<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|A,llegorici]]s personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Poetae viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum suo servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Plutus si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem ei reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid apud capillarios audierit mirans. An re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei non fidem habet nisi fortasse furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici ei in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremylos (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutus]], deus divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] nwtvlkyl43m2z975wu1i88wku1ft74h 3700039 3700038 2022-08-27T15:02:06Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholiaf<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|A,llegorici]]s personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Poetae viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum suo servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Plutus si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem ei reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid apud capillarios audierit mirans. An re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei non fidem habet nisi fortasse furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici ei in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremylos (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutus]], deus divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] 36s3uvapzx9lkltpjaejzf314fqs72a 3700040 3700039 2022-08-27T15:02:40Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|A,llegorici]]s personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Poetae viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum suo servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Plutus si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem ei reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid apud capillarios audierit mirans. An re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei non fidem habet nisi fortasse furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici ei in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremylos (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutus]], deus divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] 6nmi4esbenu2mp9mdent55q5v0nxc1u 3700041 3700040 2022-08-27T15:03:59Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De argumento */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Poetae viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum suo servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Plutus si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem ei reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid apud capillarios audierit mirans. An re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei non fidem habet nisi fortasse furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici ei in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremylos (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutus]], deus divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] fl0l0gh9fjiblhrqple0edtgli2vgax 3700042 3700041 2022-08-27T15:05:19Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Summarium */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Poetae viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Plutus si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem ei reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid apud capillarios audierit mirans. An re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei non fidem habet nisi fortasse furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici ei in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremylos (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutus]], deus divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] 8ctzj04crc5zaw6tnjykyd437vfoyg8 3700043 3700042 2022-08-27T15:08:17Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Summarium */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Poetae viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Pluto si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse quia omnes pecuniam adorant. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid apud capillarios audierit mirans. An re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei non fidem habet nisi fortasse furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici ei in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremylos (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutus]], deus divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] c9n05cnm66njsvcdxupedvfuf7qkobm 3700046 3700043 2022-08-27T15:11:27Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Summarium */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Poetae viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Pluto si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse quia omnes pecuniam adorant. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid apud capillarios audierit miransː an re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei fidem habere non potest nisi fortasse ille furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo deo Pluto incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremylos (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutus]], deus divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] awmj8j8ivv50usgqcifff0qehgv83y2 3700047 3700046 2022-08-27T15:19:47Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Summarium */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Poetae viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Pluto si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse quia omnes pecuniam adorant. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid in [[Tonstrina|tonstrina]] audierit miransː an re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei fidem habere non potest nisi fortasse ille furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo deo Pluto incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremylos (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutus]], deus divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] tt0me58qfzqizq95row03o7pshzvcox 3700048 3700047 2022-08-27T15:20:50Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Summarium */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Poetae viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Pluto si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse quia omnes pecuniam adorant. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid in [[Tonstrina|tonstrina]] audierit miransː an re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei fidem habere nequit nisi fortasse ille furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo deo Pluto incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremylos (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutus]], deus divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] 61ms2swchxnvpivs0oxlrcwrjm09g8o 3700049 3700048 2022-08-27T15:23:08Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De argumento */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur, si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Poetae viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Pluto si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse quia omnes pecuniam adorant. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid in [[Tonstrina|tonstrina]] audierit miransː an re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei fidem habere nequit nisi fortasse ille furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo deo Pluto incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremylos (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutus]], deus divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] 85axz0owgyfuz6iy4a1x5a1wkzcrjj2 3700050 3700049 2022-08-27T15:24:24Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Synopsis */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur, si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Poetae viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Pluto si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse quia omnes pecuniam adorant. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid in [[Tonstrina|tonstrina]] audierit miransː an re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei fidem habere nequit nisi fortasse ille furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo deo Pluto incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremyli (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutus]], deus divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] cvghopblugs92neterudqmg5lur2g6h 3700052 3700050 2022-08-27T15:25:43Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Synopsis */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur, si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Poetae viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Pluto si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse quia omnes pecuniam adorant. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid in [[Tonstrina|tonstrina]] audierit miransː an re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei fidem habere nequit nisi fortasse ille furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo deo Pluto incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremyli (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], deum divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] bryb1gif5zkrmljf84egch4vsbm3x7x 3700053 3700052 2022-08-27T15:29:48Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De argumento */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur, si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Huius rei rationem reddit per Pluti caecitatem. Poetae viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Pluto si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse quia omnes pecuniam adorant. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid in [[Tonstrina|tonstrina]] audierit miransː an re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei fidem habere nequit nisi fortasse ille furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo deo Pluto incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremyli (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], deum divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] 0kmynh5bk9milk9gj9kdt8beepdtswr 3700054 3700053 2022-08-27T15:30:34Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De argumento */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur, si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Huius rei rationem reddit per Pluti caecitatem. Secundum poetam viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca huius fabulae tempore Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Pluto si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse quia omnes pecuniam adorant. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid in [[Tonstrina|tonstrina]] audierit miransː an re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei fidem habere nequit nisi fortasse ille furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo deo Pluto incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremyli (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], deum divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] i3wgg77khhl4syml3k01v5n2718q6w7 3700180 3700054 2022-08-28T07:51:10Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De argumento */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur, si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Huius rei rationem reddit per Pluti caecitatem. Secundum poetam viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca in hac fabula Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. Aetate Romana et Byzantina atque usque ad litteras renatas ex omnibus Aristophanis on utilitatem ad moralem educationem ''Plutus'' in scholis ^rima legebatur et in operum editionibus prima ordine publicabatur. Nono decimo rursus saeculo et vicesimo non iam inter optimas poetae comoedias numerabatur. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Pluto si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse quia omnes pecuniam adorant. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid in [[Tonstrina|tonstrina]] audierit miransː an re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei fidem habere nequit nisi fortasse ille furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo deo Pluto incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremyli (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], deum divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] lz2cmz09du63nqc5126wt0onbrsbszq 3700181 3700180 2022-08-28T07:52:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De argumento */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur, si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Huius rei rationem reddit per Pluti caecitatem. Secundum poetam viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca in hac fabula Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. Aetate Romana et Byzantina atque usque ad [[Renascentia litterarum|litteras renatas]] ex omnibus Aristophanis fabulis ob utilitatem ad moralem educationem ''Plutus'' in scholis prima legebatur et in operum editionibus prima ordine publicabatur. Nono decimo rursus saeculo et vicesimo non iam inter optimas poetae comoedias numerabatur. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Pluto si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse quia omnes pecuniam adorant. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid in [[Tonstrina|tonstrina]] audierit miransː an re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei fidem habere nequit nisi fortasse ille furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo deo Pluto incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremyli (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], deum divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] ox4m28wbfbpil0m0tgk5de7m02ct5gz 3700182 3700181 2022-08-28T07:53:07Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De argumento */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur, si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Huius rei rationem reddit per Pluti caecitatem. Secundum poetam viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca in hac fabula Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. Aetate Romana et Byzantina atque usque ad litteras renatas ex omnibus Aristophanis on utilitatem ad moralem educationem ''Plutus'' in scholis ^rima legebatur et in operum editionibus prima ordine publicabatur. Nono decimo rursus saeculo et vicesimo non iam inter optimas poetae comoedias numerabatur. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Pluto si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse quia omnes pecuniam adorant. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid in [[Tonstrina|tonstrina]] audierit miransː an re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei fidem habere nequit nisi fortasse ille furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo deo Pluto incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremyli (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], deum divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] lz2cmz09du63nqc5126wt0onbrsbszq 3700187 3700182 2022-08-28T08:07:31Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Inferno Canto 7 lines 8-9.jpg|thumb|Plutus, qui est deus apud Aristophanem, infernum habitat secundum [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantem]]]] '''''Plutus''''' ([[Graece]] Πλοῦτος), est ultima comoedia [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]], cuius textus integer posteris servatus est. Duo scholia<ref>Ad versum 1093 ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranarum]]'' et 173 ''Pluti'' secundi.</ref> et nonnulli [[grammaticus|grammaticorum]] loci alterum ''Plutum'' fuisse ab Aristophane viginti ante annos doctum testantur, de quo praeter nonnulla verba nihil reliqui est. Titulus ad [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], [[divitiae|divitiarum]] deum eundemque fabulae personam, spectat. Post hanc duae aliae comoediae Aristophani adsignantur, ''Cocalos'' et ''Aeolosicon'', quas sub nomine filii Ararotae divulgavit<ref>Argumentum III.</ref>. == De argumento == Haec comoedia iam [[Comoedia Vetus|comoediae veteris]] solitam speciem exuit et ad [[Comoedia Media|comoediam mediam]] tendit. Nam chori partes minimae sunt, qui saltat potius quam cantat. Porro [[Parabasis|parabasis]] omnino abest et res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur ignorantur. Poeta fabulam velut mythicam evolvere mavult. [[Allegoria|Allegorici]]s enim personis quaestionem aeternam retractat cur, si sint dei, homines iusti et pii qui operae toti sese dedunt et patriae consulunt pauperes sint dum homines impii et furaces nec patriam nec deos quicquam pensi habentes beati et divites vitam degunt. Huius rei rationem reddit per Pluti caecitatem. Secundum poetam viri boni sunt in primis agricolae et rustici [[Attica|Attici]] quos diligit et qui chorum formant. Homines improbi et nefarii sunt sycophantae, oratores, [[Demagogus|demagogi]] aliique omnes qui argentum publicum diripiunt. Quocirca in hac fabula Aristophanes fortunae errores corrigit et suum cuique reddit. Aetate Romana et Byzantina atque usque ad litteras renatas ex omnibus Aristophanis on utilitatem ad moralem educationem ''Plutus'' in scholis ^rima legebatur et in operum editionibus prima ordine publicabatur. Nono decimo rursus saeculo et vicesimo non iam inter optimas poetae comoedias numerabatur. == Personae == * Chremylus, Atheniensis civis pauper * Cario, Chremyli servus * Blepsidemus, Chremyli vicinus * Plutus, divitiarum deus * Penia, paupertatis dea * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] agricolarum Atticorum * Chremyli uxor * Deus [[Hermes]] *[[Iuppiter|Iovis]] [[Sacerdos|sacerdos]] * Accedunt homo iustus, sycophantes, anus, iuvenis Spectatores viam ante Chremyli domum vident. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' Chremylus cum servo Carione in angiportu Athenis hominem veterem et caecum sequitur. Quis sit ille homo quem [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]] adierunt Cario a domino quaerere non desinit donec ille post moram respondere dignatur Apollinis oraculum de filio unico se consuluisse utrum vitam honestam in futurum respuere debeatː ipsum enim semper iustitiam pietatemque coluisse nec quicquam ita egisse sed paupertatem quamquam industrie laborantem numquam evasisse. Deum autem sibi respondisse sequeretur primum hominem qui sibi exeunti occurreret atque in suam domum eum invitaret. Cario reluctantem hominem impellit ut fateatur se esse deum Plutum a Iove caecum factum ne bonos a malis distingueretː nam Iupiter hominibus invidere dicitur. Pluto si secum maneat Chremylus videndi facultatem reddi posse promittit. Cui Iovis iram reformidanti ostendit ne Iovem quidem sine divitiis (hoc est sine Pluto) potentem esse quia omnes pecuniam adorant. Deinde Carionem ad collegas agricolas mittit ut eos accerseret. *'''Parodosː''' Cario chorum agricolarum iam seniorum adducit. Postquam cognoverunt ipsum Plutum apud Chremylum adesse gaudentes [[Polyphemus|Polyphemum]] inter Cyclopas atque dein [[Circe|Circen]] inter porcos saltationibus et amoebis cantibus imitantur. *'''Episodiumː''' Chremylus amicis agricolis salutem dicit. Mox vicinus Blepsidemus advenit quid in [[Tonstrina|tonstrina]] audierit miransː an re vera -inquit- Chremylus dives factus est? rei fidem habere nequit nisi fortasse ille furtum commiserit. Indignationem compescit Chremylus et cum amico consilium suum communicat. Plutum sanare vult ut apud bonos tantummodo postea veniat. Ambo amici in [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] templo deo Pluto incubandum esse aestimant. *'''Agonː''' duobus amicis repente obviam prodit femina horribili aspectu Furiae similis quae non alia est quam ipsa dea Paupertas. Ne se e tota Graecia expellere vellent persuadere eos conatur atque sese de medio tollere pollicetur nisi omnium bonorum generi humano genetricem se probarit. Egestatem enim omnium artium scientiarumque matrem esse constat. Quis enim dives factus duros labores adibit et divitias creabit? Quid prodest divitem esse nisi servos tibi parare potueris qui tibi serviant? Nam quis nisi necessitate impulsus in servitutem homines redigere periculo suae vitae volet? Quin etiam paupertas homines fortes et ingeniosos et industrios et iustos reddit, contra divitiae eos pigros, otiosos, ventri deditos, molles, superbos et adrogantes faciunt. Siquidem omnes Paupertatem fugiunt non aliter faciunt quam pueri cum magistrorum et parentium consilia aspernantur et meliores fieri recusant<ref>Versus 576-8ː ''ὅτι βελτίους αὐτοὺς ποιῶ. σκέψασθαι δ’ ἔστι μάλιστα / ἀπὸ τῶν παίδων: τοὺς γὰρ πατέρας φεύγουσι φρονοῦντας ἄριστα / αὐτοῖς. οὕτω διαγιγνώσκειν χαλεπὸν πρᾶγμ’ ἐστὶ δίκαιον''.</ref>. Quamquam tam validis argumentis aliquantulum labefactus Chremylus hominum miserias et dolores ei obiciens Paupertatem dimittit<ref>Versus 601ː ''οὐ γὰρ πείσεις, οὐδ’ ἢν πείσῃς''.</ref> et a proposito non desistit. Itaque Carioni servo imperat ut Plutum ad Aesculapeium ducat. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' Cario dominae narrat quomodo deus Aesculapius videndi facultatem Pluto in aula templi incubanti reddiderit, ne furta quidem sua et sacerdotis omittens. Quae scaena a religionis historicis saepe commentata est. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodiumː''' redux Plutus et laetus in futurum contraria atque fecisset facturum nuntiatː pudet enim eum hominum quibuscum vivebat. Chremylus de novorum amicorum se opprimentium multitudine queritur. *'''Chorus''' saltat. *'''Episodia et exodosː''' nunc occurrunt homines quorum sors mutata est sive laetabundi sive questuriː primus incedit homo iustus qui ob recentem fortunam deo Pluto veteres vestes consecratum venit; deinde sycophantes (delator) aegre ferens quod reos non iam opprimere liceatː Carionis iussu spoliatur et dimittitur quamquam coniurationis adversus populum eos accusaturum minatur. Tertia incedit anus decrepita quae iuvenem pauperem nutriebat, blanditias et Venerem ab eo exigens. Plorat quod nunc amator dives factus eam contemnitː deridetur. Sequitur deus Hermes esuriens quod nemo nunc deis sacrificaturː conscientiam multorum furtorum Carioni commemorat ut sibi apud Chremylum manere liceat. Cario ad [[Culina|culinam]] eum mittit ubi famuli munera exercebit. Ultimus procedit Iovis sacerdos et ipse esuriens quia nemo deos veteres colit. Sacerdos Pluti fit et pompa ad Acropolim ducitur (= '''Exodos''') ubi deus Plutus in [[Athena|Athenae]] templi [[Aerarium|aerario]] erigetur. Chremylus anui utensilia portanti iuvenis reditum ad proximam noctem pollicetur. == Synopsis == Aristophanis opus ultimum cui etiam ipse praefuit significat initium dictae [[Comoedia Media|comoediae mediae]] cum non iam de rebus publicis agantur at potius fortunam singulorum hominum necnon mores consuetudinesque eorum illudit cum exempli gratia hoc in opere de iusta distributione divitiarum disceptetur. Narratur sors cuiusdam Chremyli (Latine: screatulus), qui cum vitam in egestate degat alios iniuste divitias comparare sinit. Itaque oraculum Delphicum consulere ratus est rogatum num filio quoque suo vitam virtutis renegare immineat, ut e condicione misera patris evaderet. Ab [[Apollo|Apolline]] instruitur, ut primum cui relicto templo occurat sequatur eumque in tabernam suam invitet. Nactus autem quendam senem caecum, re vera autem [[Plutus (deus)|Plutum]], deum divitiarum. Ille morbo laborans quam inique beneficia sua distribuat intellegere non valet. Ut hae insufficientiae medatur eum in aede [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] curari Chremylos curat quo facto opulentiae denuo distribuuntur. [[Penia]], dea paupertatis et inimica Pluti, civibus de fructu inopiarum persuadere non valet, immo eicitur. Plutus autem honoribus afficitur. Denique in eius honore ara in [[Parthenon|Parthenone]] consecratur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Francisco Barrenechea, ''Comedy and religion in classical Athens : narratives of religious experiences in Aristophanes' Wealth'', [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiae]], 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ychhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.04.34/ Recensio critica] *Gwendolyn Compton-Engle, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24699757 The Blind Leading: Aristophanes' "Wealth" and "Oedipus at Colonus"]", ''The Classical World'', 2013ː 155-170 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Claudia .N. Fernandez, ''Plutos de Aristofanes : la riqueza de los sentidos'', Buenos Aires, 2002 [https://paperity.org/p/207323926/plutos-de-aristofanes-la-riqueza-de-los-sentidos Recensio critica] *Karl Holzinger, ''Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar zu Aristophane's Plutos'', Wien, 1940 *David Konstan and Matthew Dillon, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/294325 The Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1981ː 371-394 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1997_num_22_1_2194 Richesse et pauvreté dans le Ploutos]", ''Ktèma'', 1997ː 201-212 *James McGlew, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1562098 After Irony: Aristophanes' Wealth and Its Modern Interpreters]", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1987ː 35-53 *S. Douglas Olson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/311287 Economics and Ideology in Aristophanes' Wealth]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1990ː223-242 *Annalisa Paradiso, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/metis_1105-2201_1987_num_2_2_895 Le rite de passage du Ploutos d'Aristophane]", ''Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens'', 1987ː 249-267 *Karen Rosenbecker, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157810 "Just desserts"ː reversals of Fortune, feces, flatus, and food in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 2015ː 77-102 *''Scholies anciennes aux "Grenouilles" et au "Ploutos" d'Aristophane'' (cur. Marcel Chantry), Les Belles Lettres, 2009 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2010_num_123_1_8012_t11_0465_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Pierre Sineux, "[https://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/3423 Une nuit à l’Asklépieion dans le Ploutos d’Aristophane : un récit dans le théâtre pour l’étude du rite de l’incubation]" in ''Avez-vous vu les Erinyes?'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Daedalus, 2006ː 193-210 *Robert L. Tordoff, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23324453 Coins, Money, and Exchange in Aristophanes' "Wealth"]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 2012ː 257-293 *John Zumbrunnen, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/27644358 Fantasy, Irony, and Economic Justice in Aristophanes' Assemblywomen and Wealth]", ''The American Political Science Review'', 2006ː 319-333 == Nexus externi == * [https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0039%3Acard%3D1 Plutus] in collectione [[Perseus (situs interretialis)|Persei]] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=wVdhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Plutus, cum interpretatione Latina Stephani Bergleri anni 1760] {{ling|Graece}}, {{ling|Latine}} * [https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Wealth/wealth.html ''Wealth'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta 408 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 388 a.C.n.]] enl2e5716ofqu3g2uoo9lqc28jdf4x3 0 229037 3700002 3490247 2022-08-27T12:32:36Z IacobusAmor 1163 Familiae animalium wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Noctuidae| image = Egybolis vaillantina.jpg | image_width = 250px | image2=Grammodes geometrica moth.jpg | image2_caption=''[[Grammodes geometrica]]'' | image_caption = ''[[Egybolis vaillantina]]''<!-- | image = Agrotis.exclamationis.7204.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = ''[[Agrotis exclamationis]]'' [[imago (biologia)]]--> | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | unranked_familia = [[Macrolepidoptera]] | superfamily = [[Noctuoidea]] | familia = '''Noctuidae''' | authority = [[Petrus Andreas Latreille|Latreille]], [[1809]] <small>(recent major revisions by Lafontaine & Fibiger (2006)<br/>Hacker & Zilli (2007)<br/> Lafontaine & Schmidt (2010))</small> | type_species = ''[[Noctua pronuba]]'' | type_species_authority = | diversity = Circa 4200 [[genus (taxinomia)|genera]],<br>35,000 [[species|specierum]] | diversity_link = Lepidopteran diversity | subdivision_ranks = [[Subfamilia]]e | subdivision = [[Acontiinae]]<br> [[Acronictinae]]<br> [[Aganainae]]<br> [[Agaristinae]]<br> [[Amphipyrinae]]<br> [[Araeopteroninae]]<br> [[Bagisarinae]]<br> [[Balsinae]]<br> [[Bryophilinae]]<br> [[Catocalinae]]<br> [[Cocytiinae]]<br> [[Condicinae]]<br> [[Cuculliinae]]<br> [[Cydosiinae]]<br> [[Dilobinae]]<br> [[Eriopinae]]<br> [[Eucocytiinae]]<br> [[Eustrotiinae]]<br> [[Hadeninae]]<br> [[Heliothinae]]<br> [[Lophonyctinae]]<br> [[Metoponiinae]]<br> [[Noctuinae]]<br> [[Oncocnemidinae]]<br> [[Pantheinae]]<br> [[Phytometrinae]]<br> [[Plusiinae]]<br> [[Psaphidinae]]<br> [[Raphinae Noctuidae|Raphiinae]]<br> [[Sinocharinae]]<br> [[Stictopterinae]]<br> [[Stiriinae]]<br> [[Strepsimaninae]]<br> [[Thiacidinae]]<br> [[Ufeinae]] }} '''Noctuidae''' sunt [[familia (taxinomia)|familia]] [[lepidoptera|lepidopterorum]] robustorum quae plus quam 35&thinsp;000 [[species|specierum]] agnotarum ex fortasse 100&thinsp;00 comprehendit, in plus quam 4200 [[genus (taxinomia)|generibus]] digestarum. Quae maxima familia inter lepidoptera est. [[Distributio geographica|Distributio]] est cosmopolita, 1450 fere speciebus in [[Europa]] inventis.<ref>M. Fibiger 1990: ''Noctuinae 1: Noctuidae Europaeae 1'' (Dania: Sorø).</ref><ref>M. Fibiger, 1993: ''Noctuinae 2: Noctuidae Europaeae 2'' (Dania: Sorø).</ref><ref>M. Fibiger, 1997: ''Noctuinae 3: Noctuidae Europaeae 3'' (Dania: Sorø).</ref> Plurimis sunt [[ala]]e anteriores cinereae, [[color]]ibus claris carentes, sed nonnullis sunt alae posteriores vividis. Variationes [[sexus|sexuum]] plerumque sunt paucae. Paene omnes [[nox|nocte]] volant, paeneque semper a [[lux|luce]] vehementer attrahuntur; multae etiam a [[saccharum|saccharo]] et [[flos|floribus]] [[nectar]] plenis attrahuntur. [[Vespertilio]]nes nonnullas Noctuidas praedantur; multis autem [[species|speciebus]] sunt perparva [[organum (biologia)|organa]] in eorum [[auris|auribus]] quae [[sonus|sonis]] [[echolocatio]]nis respondent, [[musculus|musculos]] alarum in [[spasma]]<!--vel in smasmum; Plinius ambobus nominibus utitur--> agentia, ut ea inconstanter volitent facientia; quod tergiversationem et adeo effugium iuvat.<ref>Goerlitz, ter Hofstede, Zeale, Jones, et Holderied 2010; Ratcliffe, Fullard, Arthur, et Hoy 2009; Roeder 1974; Surlykke 1984.</ref> Nonnullis speciebus sunt [[larva]]e ([[eruca]]e) quae in solo [[habitatio|habitant]], ubi [[pestis|pestes]] [[agricultura]]e et [[horticultura]]e sunt. Hae sunt "[[vermis|vermes]] secantes," qui inferiores [[brassica]]rum iuvenum et [[Lactuca sativa|lactucarum]] partes edunt. [[Pupa]]s duras et nitidas formant. Plurimae nocte [[victus|vescuntur]], in solo vel in locis celatis in eorum [[planta|plantis]] [[dies|interdiu]] requiescentes. Noctuidis insigniter sunt permultae [[species]] quarum erucae certis plantis [[venenum|venenosis]] innocue [[victus|vesci]] possunt. Hae plantae, praecipue [[Solanaceae]] (e.g., ''[[Nicotiana]]'') et [[Fabaceae]] (e.g., ''[[Sophora]]''), [[chemia|chemicas]] continent quae plurima [[insecta]] vexant vel interficiunt. ==Systematica== Divisio per [[subfamilia]]s et numerus subfamiliarum non idonei sunt et aliquantulum in variis rationibus taxinomicis variant. Nonnulla genera per subfamilias certo nondum digeruntur {{div col|cols=3}} * ''[[Amazonides]]'' * ''[[Amilaga]]'' * ''[[Ammopolia]]'' * ''[[Anartomorpha]]'' * ''[[Androdes]]'' * ''[[Anaphela]]'' * ''[[Anhausta]]'' * ''[[Aplectoides]]'' * ''[[Apoxestia]]'' * ''[[Astonycha]]'' * ''[[Atlantagrotis]]'' * ''[[Axylia]]'' * ''[[Calpoparia]]'' * ''[[Consobrambus]]'' * ''[[Cryphiomima]]'' * ''[[Macrobarasa]]'' * ''[[Oediconia]]'' * ''[[Parasoloe]]'' * ''[[Plectothripa]]'' * ''[[Pseudotryphia]]'' * ''[[Quadratala]]'' * ''[[Syagrana]]'' * ''[[Talhoukia]]'' * ''[[Zazanisa]]'' {{div col end}} Recentia autem studia [[molecula]]ria<ref>{{cite journal| author = Weller, S. J., Pashley, D. P., Martin, J. A., et Constable, J. L.|year = 1994|title = Phylogeny of noctuoid moths and the utility of combining independent nuclear and mitochondrial genes| journal = Systematic Biology|issue = 43|pages= 194–211| volume = 43| doi = 10.2307/2413461| jstor = 2413461| publisher = Systematic Biology, Vol. 43, No. 2}}.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author = Andrew Mitchell, Charles Mitter, Jerome C. Regier|year = 2006 |title = Systematics and evolution of the cutworm moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): evidence from two protein-coding nuclear genes | journal = Systematic Entomology| issue = 31 | volume = 1| pages = 21–46}} [http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00306.x abstract online].</ref> monstraverunt familiam Noctuidarum [[paraphylia|paraphyleticam]] esse; [[subfamilia]] quidem Plusiinarum statum familiae habere debet.<!--Noctuidae ''sensu stricto'' should be confined to trifines.<ref>The terms "trifid" and "quadrifid" refer to the number of veins from the lower part of the hindwing midcell.</ref> The quadrifid noctuid subfamilies are paraphyletic (or perhaps polyphyletic) and should be grouped in a [[clade]] with the [[Arctiidae]] and [[Lymantriidae]]. Vide [[Index generum noctuidarum]].--> ===Species exemplariae=== {{div col|cols=3}} [[Acronictinae]] *''[[Acronicta aceris]]'' *''[[Acronicta exilis]]'' *''[[Acronicta leporina]]'' *''[[Acronicta psi]]'' *''[[Cryphia domestica]]'' [[Amphipyrinae]] *''[[Amphipyra pyramidea]]'' *''[[Amphipyra tragopoginis]]'' *''[[Spodoptera cilium]]'' *''[[Spodoptera exempta]]'' [[Cuculliinae]] *''[[Aporophyla lueneburgensis]]'' *''[[Cucullia umbratica]]'' [[Hadeninae]] *''[[Discestra trifolii]]'' *''[[Mamestra brassicae]]'' *''[[Melanchra persicariae]]'' *''[[Lacanobia oleracea]]'' *''[[Hecatera bicolorata]]'' *''[[Hadena bicruris]]'' *''[[Cerapteryx graminis]]'' *''[[Panolis flammea]]'' *''[[Orthosia cerasi]]'' *''[[Orthosia gothica]]'' *''[[Mythimna ferrago]]'' *''[[Mythimna impura]]'' [[Heliothinae]] *''[[Helicoverpa zea]]'' *''[[Schinia varix]]'' [[Noctuinae]] *''[[Noctua pronuba]]'' *''[[Eugnorisma glareosa]]'' *''[[Lycophotia porphyrea]]'' *''[[Diarsia mendica]]'' *''[[Xestia c-nigrum]]'' *''[[Xestia triangulum]]'' *''[[Xestia sexstrigata]]'' *''[[Xestia xanthographa]]'' *''[[Naenia typica]]'' *''[[Euxoa nigricans]]'' *''[[Agrotis infusa]]'' *''[[Agrotis segetum]]'' *''[[Agrotis clavis]]'' *''[[Agrotis exclamationis]]'' *''[[Ochropleura plecta]]'' *''[[Abrostola tripartita]]'' *''[[Cosmia trapezina]]'' *''[[Apamea crenata]]'' *''[[Apamea sordens]]'' *''[[Brachylomia viminalis]]'' *''[[Eupsilia transversa]]'' *''[[Agrochola circellaris]]'' *''[[Euplexia lucipara]]'' *''[[Phlogophora meticulosa]]'' *''[[Omphaloscelis lunosa]]'' [[Plusiinae]] *''[[Autographa gamma]]'' Alia exempla: *''[[Apina callisto]]'' *''[[Axylia putris]]'' *''[[Antitype chi]]'' *''[[Thalpophila matura]]'' {{div col end}} {{NexInt}} *''[[Crypsotidia]]'' *''[[Eicomorpha]]'' *''[[Meropis]]'' *''[[Placonia]]'' ==Notae== [[Fasciculus:Noctuidae in a farm field.jpg|thumb|Quaedam noctuida in [[frumentum|frumento]].]] <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== *Goerlitz, Holger R., Hannah M. ter Hofstede, Matt R. K. Zeale, Gareth Jones, et Marc W. Holderied. [[2010]]. "An Aerial-Hawking Bat Uses Stealth Echolocation to Counter Moth Hearing." ''Current Biology'' 20: 1568–72. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.07.046. *Ratcliffe, J. M., J. H. Fullard, B. J. Arthur, et R. R. Hoy. [[2009]]. "Tiger Moths and the Threat of Bats: Decision-Making Based on the Activity of a Single Sensory Neuron." ''Biol. Lett.'' 5: 368–71. *Roeder, K. D. [[1974]]. "Acoustic sensory responses and possible bat-evasion tactics of certain moths." ''Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Zoologists’ Annual Meeting,'' ed. M. D. B. Burt, 71–78. Fredericton: University of New Brunswick Press. *Surlykke, A. [[1984]]. "Hearing in Notodontid Moths: A Tympanic Organ with a Single Auditory Neuron." ''Journal of Experimental Biology'' 113: 323–35. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Noctuidae|Noctuidas}} {{Vicispecies|Noctuidae|Noctuidas}} {{Fontes biologici}} *[http://lepidoptera.pro/family/noctuidae/ Noctuidae,] lepidoptera.pro (Institutum Scientiarum Cibi et Agriculturae Universitatis Floridae): **[http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/veg/black_cutworm.htm ''Agrotis ipsilon''] **[http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/field/velvetbean.htm ''Anticarsia gemmatalis''] **[http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/veg/potato/hieroglyphic_moth.htm ''Diphthera festiva''] **[http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/palms/cabbage_palm_caterpillar.htm ''Litoprosopus futilis ''] **[http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/field/true_armyworm.htm ''Pseudaletia unipuncta''] **[http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/veg/leaf/southern_armyworm.htm ''Spodoptera eridania''] **[http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/field/fall_armyworm.htm ''Spodoptera frugiperda''] **[http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/veg/leaf/yellowstriped_armyworm.htm ''Spodoptera ornithogalli''] **[http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/flowers/spanish_moth.htm ''Xanthopastis timais''] **[[commons:File:Large yellow underwing ex3467 (800).JPG|''Noctua pronuba'']] [[Categoria:Familiae animalium]] [[Categoria:Noctuoidea]] [[Categoria:Noctuidae| ]] jikgj26li0qdstbzdrinuafk6xb12dj 0 244187 3700029 3671945 2022-08-27T14:33:25Z 72.182.51.151 Fixed typo wikitext text/x-wiki :''Hoc est de sensu, de re corporis naturali. [[Sapor]] etiam vide.'' [[Fasciculus:Taste bud.svg|thumb|Explicatio demonstrata gustatus (Anglice).]] '''Gustatus''' est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]] rerum quarum gustare potes. Plurimae [[species]] [[lingua (anatomia)|linguá]] gustant. Gustatus unus ex quinque sensuibus est. Multae [[species]] plurima [[nutrimentum|nutrimenta]] non probant, quod [[homo]] facit. Alia [[species]] quae plurima nutrimenta edere potest [[ursus]] est. {{NexInt}} *[[De gustibus non est disputandum]] ==Bibliographia== ; De sensu * E. Boring, ''Sensation and perception in the history of experimental psychology''. Novi Eboraci: Academic Press, 1942 * Burnett, Charles, "The Superiority of Taste" in ''Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes'' vol. 54 (1991) pp. 230-238 [https://doi.org/10.2307/751491 DOI] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/751491 JSTOR] *{{Citation |year=1968 |author=Danker, W. H |title=Basic Principles of Sensory Evaluation |place=Philadelphiae |publisher=American Society for Testing and Materials |isbn=978-0-8031-4572-6 }} {{Google Books|F_U5y5GkSToC|Paginae selectae}} *{{Citation |year=[[2009]] |editor=Finger, Thomas E |title=International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste |place=Bostoniae |publisher=Blackwell pro New York Academy of Sciences |isbn=1-57331-738-1 }} {{Google Books|KyOHZtkHulEC|Paginae selectae}} * Rémi Gervais, Roland Salesse, edd., ''Odorat et goût: De la neurobiologie des sens chimiques aux applications''. Versaliis: Quae, 2013. ISBN 978-2-7592-2006-9 {{Google Books|rX0jCwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} *{{Citation |year=2006 |editor=Thomas Hummel & Antje Welge-Lüssen |title=Taste and Smell: An Update |series=(''Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology'' |volume=vol. 63) |place=Basileae |publisher=Karger |isbn=3-8055-8123-8}} {{Google Books|fuxS-p6bpuwC|Paginae selectae}} *{{Citation |year=1998 |author=Lawless, Harry T., & Hildegarde Heymann |title=Sensory Evaluation of Food: Principles and Practices |place=Novi Eboraci |publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers |isbn=0-8342-1752-X }} {{Google Books|BTR7VEJPDWAC|Paginae selectae}} *{{Citation |year=1997 |editor=Seiden, Allen M |title=Taste and Smell Disorders |series=(''Rhinology and Sinusology'') |place=Novi Eboraci |publisher=Thieme |isbn=0-86577-533-8 }} {{Google Books|JSvZN3y9hSAC|Paginae selectae}} *{{Citation |year=1993 |author=Shallenberger, R. S |title=Taste Chemistry |place=Londinii |publisher=Blackie Academic & Professional |isbn=0-7514-0150-1 }} {{Google Books|8_bjyjgClq0C|Paginae selectae}} ; De discretione saporum * Linda M. Bartoshuk, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/22788130_The_psychophysics_of_taste The psychophysics of taste]" in ''American Journal of Clinical Nutrition'' vol. 31 (1978) pp. 1068-1077 * Nirupa Chaudhari, Stephen D. Roper, "[http://jcb.rupress.org/content/jcb/190/3/285.full.pdf The cell biology of taste]" in ''Journal of Cell Biology'' vol. 190 pp. 285-296 (9 Augusti 2010) * Virginia B. Collings, "[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/BF03203270 Human taste response as a function of locus of stimulation on the tongue and soft palate]" in ''Perception & Psychophysics'' vol. 16 (1974) pp. 169–174 * Annick Faurion, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/jatba_0183-5173_1988_num_35_1_6674 Naissance et obsolescence du concept de quatre qualités en gustation]" in ''Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée'' vol. 35 (1988) pp. 21-40 * D. P. Hanig, "[http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/library/data/lit4562/index_html?pn=1&ws=1.5 Zur Psychophysik des Geschmackssinnes]" in ''Philosophische Studien'' vol. 17 (1901) pp. 576-623 *{{Citation |year=2010 |editor=Hui, Y. H |title=Handbook of Fruit and Vegetable Flavors |place=Hoboken, New Jersey |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-22721-3 }} {{Google Books|XRVpfmrKpZkC|Paginae selectae}} *{{Citation |year=2006 |editor=Macbeth, Helen |title=Food Preferences and Taste: Continuity and Change |series=(''The Anthropology of Food and Nutrition'' |volume=vol. 2) |place=Providentiae insulae Rhodensis |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=1-57181-958-4 }} {{Google Books|10yea7-5dQ0C|Paginae selectae}} * Carl Pfaffmann, "Neurophysiological mechanisms of taste" in ''American Journal of Clinical Nutrition'' vol. 31 (1978) pp. 1058–1067 [https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/31/6/1058/4650650?searchresult=1 Situs venalis] *{{Citation |year=1999 |editor=Reineccius, Gary |title=Source Book of Flavours |edition=2nd |place=Gaithersburg Terrae Mariae |publisher=Aspen |isbn=0-8342-1307-9 }} {{Google Books|D9LBPoIe-F4C|Paginae selectae}} Editio anterior: Novi Eboraci: Chapman & Hall, 1994. ISBN 0-442-00376-5 *{{Citation |year=2003 |author=Srivastava, R. C. & R. P. Rastogi |chapter=Relative taste indices of some substances |title=Transport Mediated by Electrical Interfaces |series=(''Studies in interface science'' |volume=vol. 18) |place=Amstelodami |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=0-444-51453-8}} {{Google Books|hIyM_o4YFZ4C|Paginae selectae}} NB: [http://books.google.com/books?id=hIyM_o4YFZ4C&pg=PA274&dq=%22same+concentration+(1M)%22&hl=en&ei=6yqRTIz4Ho-evQOM4dnBCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22same%20concentration%20(1M)%22&f=false Indices tabulae 9 (p.274)] e Guyton, ''Textbook of Medical Physiology'' extrahuntur ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Taste|gustatum}} * "[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072592/ How does our sense of taste work?]" in ''PubMed Health'' {{ling|Anglice}} * "[https://kitchengeekery.com/articles/science/the-science-of-taste The science of taste]" apud ''Kitchen Geekery'' {{ling|Anglice}} [[Categoria:Gustatus| ]] {{Myrias|Biologia}} da1mo8ed2bzo6x7iv6kuqdrkd8me1er 3700030 3700029 2022-08-27T14:35:43Z 72.182.51.151 Fixed typo wikitext text/x-wiki :''Hoc est de sensu, de re corporis naturali. [[Sapor]] etiam vide.'' [[Fasciculus:Taste bud.svg|thumb|Explicatio demonstrata gustatus (Anglice).]] '''Gustatus''' est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]] rerum quarum gustare potes. Plurimae [[species]] [[lingua (anatomia)|linguá]] gustant. Gustatus unus ex quinque sensibus est. Multae [[species]] plurima [[nutrimentum|nutrimenta]] non probant, quod [[homo]] facit. Alia [[species]] quae plurima nutrimenta edere potest [[ursus]] est. {{NexInt}} *[[De gustibus non est disputandum]] ==Bibliographia== ; De sensu * E. Boring, ''Sensation and perception in the history of experimental psychology''. Novi Eboraci: Academic Press, 1942 * Burnett, Charles, "The Superiority of Taste" in ''Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes'' vol. 54 (1991) pp. 230-238 [https://doi.org/10.2307/751491 DOI] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/751491 JSTOR] *{{Citation |year=1968 |author=Danker, W. H |title=Basic Principles of Sensory Evaluation |place=Philadelphiae |publisher=American Society for Testing and Materials |isbn=978-0-8031-4572-6 }} {{Google Books|F_U5y5GkSToC|Paginae selectae}} *{{Citation |year=[[2009]] |editor=Finger, Thomas E |title=International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste |place=Bostoniae |publisher=Blackwell pro New York Academy of Sciences |isbn=1-57331-738-1 }} {{Google Books|KyOHZtkHulEC|Paginae selectae}} * Rémi Gervais, Roland Salesse, edd., ''Odorat et goût: De la neurobiologie des sens chimiques aux applications''. Versaliis: Quae, 2013. ISBN 978-2-7592-2006-9 {{Google Books|rX0jCwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} *{{Citation |year=2006 |editor=Thomas Hummel & Antje Welge-Lüssen |title=Taste and Smell: An Update |series=(''Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology'' |volume=vol. 63) |place=Basileae |publisher=Karger |isbn=3-8055-8123-8}} {{Google Books|fuxS-p6bpuwC|Paginae selectae}} *{{Citation |year=1998 |author=Lawless, Harry T., & Hildegarde Heymann |title=Sensory Evaluation of Food: Principles and Practices |place=Novi Eboraci |publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers |isbn=0-8342-1752-X }} {{Google Books|BTR7VEJPDWAC|Paginae selectae}} *{{Citation |year=1997 |editor=Seiden, Allen M |title=Taste and Smell Disorders |series=(''Rhinology and Sinusology'') |place=Novi Eboraci |publisher=Thieme |isbn=0-86577-533-8 }} {{Google Books|JSvZN3y9hSAC|Paginae selectae}} *{{Citation |year=1993 |author=Shallenberger, R. S |title=Taste Chemistry |place=Londinii |publisher=Blackie Academic & Professional |isbn=0-7514-0150-1 }} {{Google Books|8_bjyjgClq0C|Paginae selectae}} ; De discretione saporum * Linda M. Bartoshuk, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/22788130_The_psychophysics_of_taste The psychophysics of taste]" in ''American Journal of Clinical Nutrition'' vol. 31 (1978) pp. 1068-1077 * Nirupa Chaudhari, Stephen D. Roper, "[http://jcb.rupress.org/content/jcb/190/3/285.full.pdf The cell biology of taste]" in ''Journal of Cell Biology'' vol. 190 pp. 285-296 (9 Augusti 2010) * Virginia B. Collings, "[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/BF03203270 Human taste response as a function of locus of stimulation on the tongue and soft palate]" in ''Perception & Psychophysics'' vol. 16 (1974) pp. 169–174 * Annick Faurion, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/jatba_0183-5173_1988_num_35_1_6674 Naissance et obsolescence du concept de quatre qualités en gustation]" in ''Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée'' vol. 35 (1988) pp. 21-40 * D. P. Hanig, "[http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/library/data/lit4562/index_html?pn=1&ws=1.5 Zur Psychophysik des Geschmackssinnes]" in ''Philosophische Studien'' vol. 17 (1901) pp. 576-623 *{{Citation |year=2010 |editor=Hui, Y. H |title=Handbook of Fruit and Vegetable Flavors |place=Hoboken, New Jersey |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-22721-3 }} {{Google Books|XRVpfmrKpZkC|Paginae selectae}} *{{Citation |year=2006 |editor=Macbeth, Helen |title=Food Preferences and Taste: Continuity and Change |series=(''The Anthropology of Food and Nutrition'' |volume=vol. 2) |place=Providentiae insulae Rhodensis |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=1-57181-958-4 }} {{Google Books|10yea7-5dQ0C|Paginae selectae}} * Carl Pfaffmann, "Neurophysiological mechanisms of taste" in ''American Journal of Clinical Nutrition'' vol. 31 (1978) pp. 1058–1067 [https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/31/6/1058/4650650?searchresult=1 Situs venalis] *{{Citation |year=1999 |editor=Reineccius, Gary |title=Source Book of Flavours |edition=2nd |place=Gaithersburg Terrae Mariae |publisher=Aspen |isbn=0-8342-1307-9 }} {{Google Books|D9LBPoIe-F4C|Paginae selectae}} Editio anterior: Novi Eboraci: Chapman & Hall, 1994. ISBN 0-442-00376-5 *{{Citation |year=2003 |author=Srivastava, R. C. & R. P. Rastogi |chapter=Relative taste indices of some substances |title=Transport Mediated by Electrical Interfaces |series=(''Studies in interface science'' |volume=vol. 18) |place=Amstelodami |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=0-444-51453-8}} {{Google Books|hIyM_o4YFZ4C|Paginae selectae}} NB: [http://books.google.com/books?id=hIyM_o4YFZ4C&pg=PA274&dq=%22same+concentration+(1M)%22&hl=en&ei=6yqRTIz4Ho-evQOM4dnBCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22same%20concentration%20(1M)%22&f=false Indices tabulae 9 (p.274)] e Guyton, ''Textbook of Medical Physiology'' extrahuntur ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Taste|gustatum}} * "[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072592/ How does our sense of taste work?]" in ''PubMed Health'' {{ling|Anglice}} * "[https://kitchengeekery.com/articles/science/the-science-of-taste The science of taste]" apud ''Kitchen Geekery'' {{ling|Anglice}} [[Categoria:Gustatus| ]] {{Myrias|Biologia}} qab67j90ki5x244jpa2wknjkbwz1gsl 0 247308 3700210 3536530 2022-08-28T11:30:51Z CommonsDelinker 1422 [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker/commands|automaton]]: Substituens [[commons:Image:Football_in_Bloomington,_Indiana,_1996.jpg|Image:Football_in_Bloomington,_Indiana,_1996.jpg]] pro Image:Football_iu_1996.jpg. CommonsDelinker hanc rationem dedit: [[:c:COM:FR wikitext text/x-wiki Ecce '''index verborum [[Latinitas viva|neolatinorum]]'''. == A == [[Fasciculus:Sharpener made from Cellulose Acetate Biograde.JPG|thumb|175px|[[Acuminarium]]]] [[Fasciculus:Sofia Airport elevators.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Anabathrum]]]] [[Fasciculus:IPod earphones.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Auscultabulum|Auscultabula]]]] * [[Acuminarium]] * [[Aeroplanum]] * [[Aeroplanum insectatorium]] * [[Aeroportus]] * [[Agitatrum]] * [[Alcohol]] * [[Alsulegia glacialis]] * [[Anabathrum]] * [[Animator programmatis]] * [[Annus luce mensus]] * [[Apparatus stereophonicus]] * [[Apparatus tympanorum]] * [[Apple iPod]] * [[Arbiter (ars athletica)]] * [[Arbor natalicia]] * [[Arcera]] * [[Arma nuclearia]] * [[Armarium frigidarium]] * [[Ars gladii]] * [[Astronauta]] * [[Astronavis]] * [[Auscultabulum]] * [[Autocinetum]] * [[Autocinetum onerarium]] * [[Autocurrus armatus]] * [[Autocurrus sarcinarius]] * [[Autoraedula]] == B == [[Fasciculus:Wasbeer.png|thumb|175px|[[Bestiola mollis]]]] * [[Balneum pluvium]] * [[Banio]] * [[Basipila]] * [[Bestiola mollis]] * [[Birota]] * [[Birota automataria]] * [[Birota ergometrica]] * [[Birotatio]] * [[Blog]] * [[Bomba]] == C == [[Fasciculus:Dove Shampoo.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Capitilavium]]]] [[Fasciculus:Vida'e Caffe' Cape Town airport.JPG|thumb|175px|[[Caupona cafearia]]]] [[Fasciculus:Toiletpapier (Gobran111).jpg|thumb|175px|[[Charta hygienica]]]] [[Fasciculus:Abtauen 2008.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Congelatorium]]]] [[Fasciculus:IO IT R.PNG|thumb|175px|[[Crucigramma]]]] * [[Caeliscalpium]] * [[Caestus hodiernus]] * [[Calamus sphaeralis]] * [[Caliga cummea]] * [[Canistriludium]] * [[Canistripila]] * [[Canno]] * [[Capillamentum]] * [[Capitilavium]] * [[Capulus lusorius]] * [[Castra carceralia]] * [[Catillus iactabilis]] * [[Caupona cafearia]] * [[Cereus electricus]] * [[Chamulcus automatarius]] * [[Charta hygienica]] * [[Charta parietalis]] * [[Chartae lusoriae]] * [[Chartophylacium]] * [[Chromatosphaerisis]] * [[Cinemateum]] * [[Cithara electrica]] * [[Cithara gravis]] * [[Cithara Hispanica]] * [[Clavator]] * [[Claviatura]] * [[Clavile]] * [[Clavilista]] * [[Clavis exaequabilis]] * [[Coffeum]] * [[Collectorium]] * [[Collyra]] * [[Compunctio]] * [[Computatrum gestabile]] * [[Computatrum]] * [[Congelatorium]] * [[Consaeptum oblectaminum]] * [[Consutorium]] * [[Corpus programmatum]] * [[Crucigramma]] * [[Crux gammata]] * [[Culter tonsorius]] * [[Cummis masticabilis]] * [[Curriculum retroflexum]] * [[Cursus brevis]] * [[Cursus electronicus]] * [[Cursus impedimentorum]] * [[Cursus Marathonius]] * [[Cursus mediae distantiae]] * [[Cursus obstaculosus]] == D == [[Fasciculus:Toothpasteonbrush.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Dentifricium]]]] * [[Decathlon]] * [[Dentifricium]] * [[Desultura nartatoria]] * [[Deverticulum nocturnum]] * [[Dictophonum]] * [[Dies Christi Natalis]] * [[Discotheca]] * [[Disculus hocceius]] * [[Discus compactus]] * [[Discus fixus]] * [[Discus versatilis digitalis]] * [[Dolor capitis]] * [[Donaldus Anas]] * [[Draco volans]] * [[Dynamites]] == E == * [[Echometrum]] * [[Electricitas]] * [[Electron]] * [[Embryo]] * [[Emporium]] * [[Energia nuclearis]] * [[Ergasterium atomicum]] == F == [[Fasciculus:Volleyball block.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Follis volatilis]]]] [[Fasciculus:Led-flashlight.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Fax electrica]]]] * [[Factio politica]] * [[Fasciola adhaerens]] * [[Fax electrica]] * [[Ferrivia]] * [[Ferrivia subterranea]] * [[Filoraeda]] * [[Filum dentarium]] * [[Focale]] * [[Folliludium aquatile]] * [[Follis volatilis]] * [[Foramen nigrum]] * [[Forma ferrea laganorum]] * [[Fundula]] == G == [[Fasciculus:Jeans (3167696629).jpg|thumb|175px|[[Genuenses]]]] [[Fasciculus:Luftballong.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Globus aërostaticus|Globi aërostatici]]]] * [[Gas]] * [[Genuenses]] * [[Genus sanguinis]] * [[Glaciatus conus]] * [[Glacies edibilis]] * [[Globulus electricus]] * [[Globus aerostaticus]] * [[Globus nivalis]] * [[Grammophonum]] * [[Granata manuaria]] * [[Gummi deletile]] == H == [[Fasciculus:SA-330 Puma.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Helicopterum]]]] * [[Harmonium]] * [[Harpastum]] * [[Harpastum Americanum]] * [[Helicopterum]] * [[Hemicrania]] * [[Heptathlon]] * [[Horologium brachiale]] * [[Hymnus nationalis]] == I == [[Fasciculus:Team Singapore fireworks display from Singapore Fireworks Festival 2006.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Ignes artificiosi]]]] [[Fasciculus:BTEhearingaids.png|thumb|175px|[[Instrumentum auditorium]]]] * [[Iactus disci]] * [[Iactus globi]] * [[Iactus mallei]] * [[Iaculatio]] * [[Ignes artificiosi]] * [[Indusium]] * [[Insecticidium]] * [[Inscriptio electrica]] * [[Instrumenta escaria]] * [[Instrumentum auditorium]] * [[Interrete]] * [[Ioga]] * [[Iogurtum]] * [[Iudo]] == J == * [[Jazz]] == L == [[Fasciculus:Bergkvarabuss i Lund 2005-05-01.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Laophorium]]]] [[Fasciculus:MuseoFerrocarrilSLP19.JPG|thumb|175px|[[Liber nubeculatus|Libri nubeculati]]]] [[Fasciculus:Billiards balls.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Ludus tudicularis]]]] * [[Laophorium]] * [[Lava]] * [[Lectulus pensilis]] * [[Lens inserticia]] * [[Libellus palmaris]] * [[Liber nubeculatus]] * [[Limonata]] * [[Lingua gesticulatoria]] * [[Lingua programmandi]] * [[Linimentum rasorium]] * [[Liquor odoratus]] * [[Litterae electronicae]] * [[Luctatio caratica]] * [[Lucunculus]] * [[Ludus computatralis]] * [[Ludus gymnicus campestris]] * [[Ludus lacrossensis]] * [[Ludus pokerianus]] * [[Ludus televisificus]] * [[Ludus tudicularis]] * [[Lumen fluorescens]] * [[Lusus Scotorum]] * [[Lycopersici liquamen]] == M == [[Fasciculus:Dishwasher open for loading.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Machina elutoria]]]] [[Fasciculus:LGwashingmachine.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Machina lavatoria]]]] * [[Machina cafearia]] * [[Machina elutoria]] * [[Machina lavatoria]] * [[Machina levans]] * [[Machina photographica]] * [[Machina sartoria]] * [[Machina siccatoria volubilis]] * [[Maizium inflatum]] * [[Mansio laophoriorum]] * [[Manufollium]] * [[Mechanica quantica]] * [[Megaphonum]] * [[Microbium]] * [[Microfurnus]] * [[Microphonum]] * [[Microscopium]] * [[Moderator cinematographicus]] * [[Monitorium]] * [[Motrum]] * [[Mumia]] * [[Mus (computatralis)]] * [[Musica popularis]] * [[Musica punkiana]] * [[Musica rock]] * [[Mythistoria]] == N == * [[Navis aeria]] * [[Navis spatialis]] * [[Neutron]] * [[Nota autocineti]] * [[Nota postalica]] * [[Nucleus atomi]] == O == [[Fasciculus:Plan9SaucerShadow.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Orbis volans]]]] * [[Oecotropheum]] * [[Officina cervesaria]] * [[Orbis volans]] * [[Orgasmus]] * [[Oxygala]] * [[Ozonum]] == P == [[Fasciculus:Football in Bloomington, Indiana, 1996.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Pediludium]]]] [[Fasciculus:Reading-Glasses.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Perspicilla]]]] [[Fasciculus:Golfball.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Pilamalleus]]]] [[Fasciculus:SIG220-Morges.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Pistolium]]]] [[Fasciculus:Soccer goalkeeper.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Portarius (ars athletica)]]]] * [[Pallium balneare]] * [[Panorama]] * [[Pantopolium]] * [[Pasta vermiculata]] * [[Pater Natalis]] * [[Patinus]] * [[Pectorale rigidum]] * [[Pediludium]] * [[Pediludium aulare]] * [[Pellicula]] * [[Peniculus dentarius]] * [[Peniculus scriptorius]] * [[Periscopium]] * [[Perspicillum]] * [[Petaurum natantium]] * [[Phonodiscus]] * [[Photon]] * [[Pila electrica]] * [[Pila nivalis]] * [[Pila Vasconica]] * [[Pila volatilis arenosa]] * [[Pilamalleus]] * [[Pililudus glacialis]] * [[Pistillum]] * [[Pistolium]] * [[Placenta Neapolitana]] * [[Plasma]] * [[Plastica (materia)]] * [[Pneumaticum]] * [[Pomarium liquamen]] * [[Portarius (ars athletica)]] * [[Potio refrigeratoria]] * [[Programma televisificum]] * [[Propulsorium]] * [[Proton]] * [[Psychiatria]] * [[Pulveris hauritorium]] * [[Pupulus nivalis]] == R == [[Fasciculus:Oscillating electric razor.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Rasorium]]]] [[Fasciculus:HONDA ASIMO.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Robotum]]]] * [[Radar]] * [[Radiophonum]] * [[Rasorium]] * [[Reactorium nucleare]] * [[Receptaculum epistularum]] * [[Recitatio rapiana]] * [[Remedium deodorans]] * [[Rhabdus repanda]] * [[Robotum]] * [[Rocheta]] * [[Roentgeniani radii]] * [[Rota dentata]] * [[Rota moderatrix]] * [[Rudus concretum]] == S == [[Fasciculus:Yelena Slesarenko failing 2007.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Saltus in altum]]]] [[Fasciculus:LH 95.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Spatium (astronomia)]]]] [[Fasciculus:Pencils hb.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Stilus plumbatus]]]] * [[Sacculus plasticus]] * [[Saccus inflatilis]] * [[Saltus in altum]] * [[Saltus in longitudinem]] * [[Saltus perticarius]] * [[Saltus triplex]] * [[Sauna]] * [[Scacci]] * [[Scala Richteriana]] * [[Scientia ficticia]] * [[Sclopetum]] * [[Scrofa (mechanica)]] * [[Scrutatrum]] * [[Segmina patatae]] * [[Sella rotalis]] * [[Sententiola praeconialis]] * [[Series malleorum]] * [[Series televisiva]] * [[Sigarellum]] * [[Sigarum]] * [[Singularis (musica)]] * [[Socolata]] * [[Sophophonum]] * [[Spatium (astronomia)]] * [[Speculatrum spatiale]] * [[Spermatozoidum]] * [[Spuma rasoria]] * [[Stabulum autocineticum]] * [[Statio ferriviaria]] * [[Statio spatialis]] * [[Stilus plumbatus]] * [[Sudariolum]] * [[Sugitorium]] * [[Suscitabulum]] * [[Systema solare]] == T == [[Fasciculus:Credit-cards.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Tabella tributaria]]]] [[Fasciculus:Nissan Platina as taxi in Guatemala City.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Taxiraeda]]]] [[Fasciculus:Churchill-Red-Arrow.JPG|thumb|175px|[[Tramen]]]] * [[Tabella tributaria]] * [[Tabula subrotata]] * [[Tabella tributaria]] * [[Taxiraeda]] * [[Teges pavimenti]] * [[Teleiussibulum]] * [[Telephonulum]] * [[Telephonum]] * [[Telescopium]] * [[Televisio]] * [[Tempora anni]] * [[Teniludium]] * [[Teniludium mensale]] * [[Terebra]] * [[Terriculum avium]] * [[Tessera (solutio)]] * [[Theatrum planetarium]] * [[Tostrum]] * [[Tractorium]] * [[Tractus funis]] * [[Tramen]] * [[Transenna fenestrae]] * [[Tunicula]] * [[Tympani malleolus]] * [[Tympanista]] == U == [[Fasciculus:Umbrella.png|thumb|175px|[[Umbella]]]] * [[Umbella]] * [[Uncinulus]] * [[Ursulus (lusorius)]] == V == [[Fasciculus:Violin VL100.png|thumb|175px|[[Violina]]]] * [[Vanilla]] * [[Vaporitraha]] * [[Velitabulatio]] * [[Velum fenestrale]] * [[Via lactea]] * [[Violina]] * [[Violoncellum]] * [[Violinista]] * [[Vis atomica]] * [[Vischium]] == X == * [[Xylophonum]] {{Nexus desiderati}} [[Categoria:Latinitas viva]] 3rk95h9516s4j2fuihglt9f1pwpnls1 0 256928 3700186 3699716 2022-08-28T08:05:30Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{titulus italicus}}{{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Pnyx-berg2.png|thumb|Collis ubi Ecclesia Atheniensis convocabatur ([[Pnyx]])]] '''''Ecclesiazusae''''' (litteris Graecis ''{{lang|grc| Ἐκκλησιάζουσαι}}''), sive Latine '''''Contionatrices''''',<ref>Aliter ''Concionatrices'', ''Contionantes'', ''Concionantes''. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Comoediae_undecim/CWZWCelPUU4C Aristophanis facetissimi Comoediae undecim]'' (Basileae: Cratander, 1532); vide paginam tituli et synopsin manu scriptam.</ref> est [[comoedia]] [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]] anno fere 392 acta<ref>Georgius Goetz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=GxNLAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De temporibus ecclesiazuson Aristophanis]'', Lipsiae, Teubner, 1874.</ref>. Circiter tredecim anni a ''[[Ranae (Aristophanes)|Ranis]]'' elapsi sunt quibus Aristophanes non quidem scribere desiit, sed quod docuit nobis deperditum est. Tertia comoedia est quae primas partes feminaris adsignat, post ''[[Thesmophoriazusae|Thesmophoriazusas]]'' et ''[[Lysistrata|Lysistratam]]''. Hoc est argumentumː feminae Athenienses, [[vestimentum|vestes]] virorum gerentes, in concilium civium incognitae eunt, ubi res novas proponunt et legem perferuntː omnia omnium communia fore. In hac fabula reperitur longissimum linguae Graecae vocabulum, [[λοπαδοτεμαχοσελαχογαλεο...]], nomen ferculi<ref>Versus 1169-75.</ref>. == Personae == * Praxagora, femina Atheniensis, coniurationis dux et Blepyri uxor. Nomen "quae in foro agit" vel "quae in concione agit" interpretari licet. *Blepyrus, Praxagorae maritus *Blepyri vicinus *Chremes, civis Atheniensis *[[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] mulierum Atheniensium *Accedunt variae mulieres et viri anonymi, tres anus decrepitae, formosa puella, formosus adulescens, praeco femina, Praxagorae ancilla. Res Athenis geritur. Scaena [[Angiportum|angiportum]] in quo Blepyrus et Praxagora habitant ostendit. == Summarium == *'''Prologusː''' in via pro domo ante lucem Praxagora coniuratas feminas exspectat quas [[Calceus|calceos]], [[Pallium|pallium]], baculum dormientibus maritis subripere iussit atque barbas fictitias sibi consuere. Ipsa viriliter vestita est. Paulatim conveniuntː nam constituerunt locum virorum in comitiis praeoccupare ad novas leges furtim perferendas. Apud populum diserte dicere variis exercitationibus comice discunt antequam iter faciant. Optimus orator Praxagora ipsa a ceteris iudicatur quae populo demonstret quanto feminae viris meliores sint ita ut imperium illis tradere placeat. Praecipua feminarum laus invenitur quod numquam aliquid novent sed omnia ut olim (''ὥσπερ καὶ πρὸ τοῦ'') facere soleant<ref>Versus 214-230.</ref>. Econtra viri semper aliquid novi temptare cupiunt. *'''Parodosː''' chorum facientes feminae ad forum cantantes proficiscuntur viros vituperantes quod ad trium [[Obolus|obolorum]] stipendium accipiendum tantummodo rem publicam curent<ref>308-10ː ''νυνὶ δὲ τριώβολον ζητοῦσι λαβεῖν, ὅταν πράττωσί τι κοινὸν ὥσ- περ πηλοφοροῦντες''</ref>. *'''Episodiaː''' Blepyros, Praxagorae maritus, naturali necessitate impulsus e domo exit uxoris palliolo et Persidibus calceis indutus quia cum e somno evasit nec vestes suas nec uxorem invenit. Tum vicinus ei occurrit quid fiat quaerens. Cum Blepyrus respondet se timere ne uxor ad moechum exierit vicinus eadem se pati fatetur. Ad populi comitia ire quamvis volens non potest quia nec pallium nec calcei praesto sunt nec uxor adest. Moc Chremes quidam e comitiis rediens eos adit atque magnum numerum ignotorum sibi hominum pallido colore, velut ac si omnes sutores fuissent, deliberationi adfuisse nuntiat e quibus unus dicendi peritissimus legem rogavit qua summum imperium Athenis mulieribus mandaretur. Quod multo plausu statim decretum est. Blepyrus hoc consilium fortasse non pravum fuisse siquidem tamen feminae maritis cibum non recusabunt qui Venereum munus prius non absolverintː nam in praeterito tempore absurdissima decreta Atheniensibus semper feliciter vertisse commemorat<ref>473-5ː ''λόγος γέ τοί τις ἔστι τῶν γεραιτέρων, / ἀνόηθ᾽ ὅσ᾽ ἂν καὶ μῶρα βουλευσώμεθα, / ἅπαντ᾽ ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον ἡμῖν ξυμφέρειν''.</ref>. Tum tres viri domum redeunt. *'''Stasimonː'''intrant [[Triumphus|triumphaliter]] feminae et barbas celeriter exuunt vestesque commutant. *'''Agonː''' Blepyrus Praxagoram in virili pallio deprehendit atque eum adulterii convincere conatur. At illa ad partum ab amica vocatam esse se respondet nec ad Venerem nisi unguentatam ire solere. Cum unguento non fragraret maritus nihilominus eam vituperat quod domi necessario manendo tres obolos perdiderit et num sciat quid decretum sit quaerit. Nescire simulat Praxagora et Blepyro nuntiante aperte laetatur. Chremes eos convenit et vir uterque quid feminae in republica mutaturae sint rogant. Praxagora consilium suum explicatː divitias, cibum, vestes omnium civium communia erunt ita ut pauperes non iam sint<ref>590-4ː ''κοινωνεῖν γὰρ πάντας φήσω χρῆναι πάντων μετέχοντας / κἀκ ταὐτοῦ ζῆν, καὶ μὴ τὸν μὲν πλουτεῖν, τὸν δ᾽ ἄθλιον εἶναι, / μηδὲ γεωργεῖν τὸν μὲν πολλήν, τῷ δ᾽ εἶναι μηδὲ ταφῆναι, / μηδ᾽ ἀνδραπόδοις τὸν μὲν χρῆσθαι πολλοῖς, τὸν δ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἀκολούθῳ: / ἀλλ᾽ ἕνα ποιῶ κοινὸν πᾶσιν βίοτον καὶ τοῦτον ὅμοιον'' = dicam oportere omnes omnibus communiter frui et ex eodem vitam ducere; non alium divitem, alium miserum esse, non alium latifundia arare, alium ne locum quidem quo sepeliatur habere, alium multis servis uti, alium quo comitaretur non habere, sed communem et similem vitam omnibus esse.</ref> (servi pro eis laborabunt) nec lites aut iudicia. Item feminae omnium virorum communes erunt<ref>614-5ː ''καὶ ταύτας γὰρ κοινὰς ποιῶ τοῖς ἀνδράσι συγκατακεῖσθαι / καὶ παιδοποιεῖν τῷ βουλομένῳ''</ref> ita ut seniores iuniores educent velut ac si omnes proprii liberi essent. Nihilominus antequam formosam puellam adire viro liceret omnibus veteribus et deformibus feminis quae cum eo concubare cupient primum satisfacere debebit<ref>617-8ː ''αἱ φαυλότεραι καὶ σιμότεραι παρὰ τὰς σεμνὰς καθεδοῦνται: / κᾆτ᾽ ἢν ταύτης ἐπιθυμήσῃ, τὴν αἰσχρὰν πρῶθ᾽ ὑποκρούσει''.</ref>, ne quisquam iucunda Venere careat. Postremo Blepyrus qui talis uxoris maritus esse gloriatur et Chremes qui bona sua in commune conferre decernit propositum non aspernantur. *'''Chorusː''' intervenit, fortasse saltando. Certe nullus textus traditur. *'''Episodiaː''' Chremes bonorum suorum velut pompam ad publicum repositorium ducit dum homo ignotus eum lacessit stultum esse dicens bona quae quis labore et parsimonia sibi paraverit ita gratis publico tradereː exspectare se malle dum sciat quid ceteri faciant. Interim praeco magnam cenam publicam omnibus apertam esse nuntiat. Statim homo avarus cena frui vult, non tamen statim sed 'serius' bona depositurum pollicetur. Exeunt et e fenestra formosa puella suum amatorem Epigenem anxie exspectans apparet dum anus vicina eam speculatur. Statim atque advenit Epigenes anus eum adprehendit atque nova lege freta eum reluctantem domum trahit. Formosa puella eam contumeliosis verbis<ref>Civitatem [[Oedipus|Oedipodum]] plenam fore inter alia adfirmatː ''ὥστ᾽ εἰ καταστήσεσθε τοῦτον τὸν νόμον, τὴν γῆν ἅπασαν Οἰδιπόδων ἐμπλήσετε.'' (1041-2).</ref> deterret. Non diu laetantur nam vetustior et deformior mulier occurrit atque tertia horrenda magis quam priores quae miserum iuvenem alia in aliam partem distrahunt. *'''Chorusː''' saltatio *'''Exodosː''' ancilla Praxagorae ebria satis Blepyrum tardantem cum nonnullis puellis ad cenam invitat. Blepyrus ad spectatores conversus lautam cenam omnibus paratam esse pollicetur ... siquidem domum ibunt<ref>Versus 1147-8ː ''τὸ δεῖπνον αὐτοῖς ἐστ᾽ ἐπεσκευασμένον / ἁπαξάπασιν, ἢν ἀπίωσιν οἴκαδε''.</ref>. Item Coryphaeus iudices hortatur ut sibi palmam adsignent quamvis primus ordine comoediam egerit et recentiorum tantum meminisse soleant. Quae solae reliquiae sunt veteris [[Parabasis|parabasis]] quae mediis fabulis occurrere solebat. Postremo Bacchico clamore chorus saltando et cantando ad cenam pergit. == De argumento et forma == Praxagora [[Communismus|communismi]] genus proponit qui similitudines non dubias cum [[Plato|Platonis]] [[Utopia|utopia]] in ''[[Res publica (Plato)|Republica]]'' praebet<ref> Luciano Canfora, ''La crisi dell'utopia : Aristofane contro Platone'', Romae, 2014. [https://books.google.fr/books?id=M6KODAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]. Marina Marren, ''Plato and Aristophanes : comedy, politics, and the pursuit of a just life'', Evanston, 2022.</ref> quae post viginti annos publicata est. Itaque commentatores existimant iam tum quarto saeculo ineunte speculationes tales divulgatas esse, de quibus coniecturae tantum fieri possunt. Fortasse non tam novabant quam [[Lacedaemon|Spartanos]] mores spectabant et in melius interpretabantur. Apud Aristophanem illae elucubrationees comice et satirice referunturː cum enim novae leges a Praxagora latae adhiberi incipiunt difficultates oriuntur<ref>Ultima pars fabulae a versu 730.</ref> Multi [[Critica litterarum|critici]] ''Ecclesiazusas'' non iam inter [[Comoedia Vetus|veteris comoediae]] fabulas reponunt sed ad [[Comoedia Media|mediam comoediam]] pertinere volunt vel saltem transitionem inter duas formas percipiunt. Chori partes enim minimae fiuntː saltare saepius quam cantare videtur. Parabasis excidit nisi quod ultimis versibus coryphaeus iudicum benevolentiam captat. Sed invectivae adversus rivales aut [[Demagogus|demagogos]] paene omnino absunt quod fortasse cum summissis post [[Bellum Peloponnesiacum|bellum Peloponnesiacum]] Athenis coniungendum est. Nam ad res quae tum in Graecia gerebantur parum alluditur. Ne verus agon quidem superest qui disputationibus inter duas partes prius constabatː Praxagora sola consilum quoddam explicat dum argumentis quae a marito aut vicino obiciuntur respondet. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Editiones et commentarii === * Berglerus, Stephanus et Dukerus, Carolus Andreas. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Aristophanis_Comoediae_Undecim_Graece_Et/Z1LPe6w2F1gC Aristophanis Comoediae Undecim], Graece et '''Latine'''''. Lugduni Batavorum: apud Samuelem et Ioannem Luchtmans, 1760. * Ussher, R. G. ''Ecclesiazusae,'' commentarium. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, 1973, ISBN 0198141912 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1973_num_42_2_1727_t1_0608_0000_2 Recensio critica] * J. Van Leeuwen, ''Aristophanis Ecclesiazusae : cum prolegomenis et commentariis'', Lugduni Batavorum, 1905. [Commentarii Latine scripti]. * Wilson, N. G. ''[https://www.oxfordscholarlyeditions.com/view/10.1093/actrade/9780198721819.book.1/actrade-9780198721819-work-4 Aristophanis Fabulae]'', tomus 2. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 9780198721802 === Plura legere si cupis === *Simon Byl, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1982_num_60_1_3361 La métis des femmes dans l'Assemblée des femmes d'Aristophane]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 1982ː 33-40 *William Casement, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589924 Political Theory in Aristophanes' Ecclesiazusae]", ''Journal of Thought'', 1986ː 64-79 *Ephraim David, ''Aristophanes and Athenian society of the early fourth century B.C'', Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1984 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=KrU3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1985_num_98_467_1442_t2_0424_0000_3 Recensio critica] *Helene P. Foley, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/269802 The "Female Intruder" Reconsidered: Women in Aristophanes' Lysistrata and Ecclesiazusae]", ''Classical Philology'', 1982ː 1-21 *G. O. Hutchinson, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41301515 House politics and city politics in Aristophanes]", ''The Classical Quarterly'', 2011ː 48-70 *Edmond Lévy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1976_num_1_1_1778 Les femmes chez Aristophane]", ''Ktèma'', 1976ː 99-112 *Charalampos Orfanos, "[https://journals.openedition.org/pallas/9546?lang=fr Les femmes, le théâtre et le pouvoir politique dans les Femmes à l’Assemblée d’Aristophane]", ''Pallas'', 2018ː 25-37 * Rothwell, Kenneth S., Jr. ''[https://www.academia.edu/20655284/Rothwell_Politics_and_Persuasion_in_Aristophanes_Ecclesiazusae_Brill_1990_ Politics and Persuasion in Aristophanes' Ecclesiazusae.]'' Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 1990. ISBN 9004091858 * Suzanne Saïd, ''Le monde à l'envers : pouvoir féminin et communauté des femmes en Grèce ancienne'', Les Belles Lettres, 2013 *Niall W. Slater, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20163657 Waiting in the Wings: Aristophanes' "Ecclesiazusae"]", ''Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics'', 1997ː 97-129 *John Zumbrunnen, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/27644358 Fantasy, Irony, and Economic Justice in Aristophanes' Assemblywomen and Wealth]", ''The American Political Science Review'', 2006ː 319-333 == Nexus externi == *[https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B9 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem] *[https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Aristophanes/Assemblywomen_/assemblywomen_.html ''Assemblywomen'' apud Greekmythology.com] {{Aristophanis fabulae}} [[Categoria:Comoediae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Aristophanes]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 4 a.C.n.]] ct5sznbldgyb4pptlofnon12cb7934z 0 263603 3700068 3651882 2022-08-27T16:52:12Z Isis Horus Seth 148050 Visueal illustration, picture added, which is in the other variants of the page. wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Woman_Apocalypse_Hungary.jpg|thumb|Foemina Sole et Sacra Corona Hungarica ab pictore Hungarico, Ferenc Szoldatits.]] '''Mulier amicta sole''' ([[Graece]] "γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον") est persona symbolica [[Apocalypsis Ioannis]] (lib. 12, vv. 1–17). Imaginem mulieris diversis modis interpretantur theologi, maior pars quorum credunt eam ecclesiam Christianam temporis persecutionum repraesentare. Mulier saepe cum [[Maria (mater Iesu)|virgine Maria]] coniungitur et in multis operibus artis reperiri potest. == Visio Ioannis == Descriptio mulieris in duodecimo capite libri Apocalypsis reperitur: <blockquote>Et signum magnum apparuit in [[caelum|caelo]]: mulier amicta [[sol]]e, et [[luna]] sub pedibus eius, et super caput eius [[corona]] [[stella]]rum duodecim; et in [[uterus|utero]] habens, et clamat [[partus|parturiens]] et cruciatur, ut pariat. Et visum est aliud signum in caelo: et ecce [[draco]] rufus magnus, habens capita septem et cornua decem, et super capita sua septem diademata; et cauda eius trahit tertiam partem stellarum caeli et misit eas in terram. Et draco stetit ante mulierem, quae erat paritura, ut, cum peperisset, filium eius devoraret. Et peperit filium, masculum, qui recturus est omnes gentes in virga ferrea; et raptus est filius eius ad Deum et ad thronum eius. Et mulier fugit in desertum, ubi habet locum paratum a Deo, ut ibi pascant illam diebus mille ducentis sexaginta.<ref>''[[Nova Vulgata]]'', [http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_nt_apocalypsis-ioannis_lt.html#12 Apc. 12:1–6].</ref></blockquote> Hoc tempore magnum proelium in caelo inter draconem et Michaëlem factum est. Draco proiectus denuo persecutus est mulierum, cui datae sunt "duae alae aquilae magnae, ut volaret in desertum in locum suum, ubi alitur per tempus et tempora." Serpens ex ore suo post mulierem "aquam tamquam flumen" misit, quod terra autem absorbuit. Tunc "iratus est draco in mulierem et abiit facere proelium cum reliquis de semine eius, qui custodiunt mandata Dei et habent testimonium Iesu."<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_nt_apocalypsis-ioannis_lt.html#12 Apc. 12:7–17].</ref> == Galerie == <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> Fasciculus:Patrona_Hungariae_-_Török_bankház.jpg|thumb|Mulier amicta sole (Patrona Hungariae), musivo in facie 'Domus Bank Turcicae' in Budapest, Hungaria.]] Fasciculus:Woman of the Apocalypse (Hortus deliciarum).jpg|thumb|Mulier amicta sole (miniatura [[Herradis Landsbergensis]] exeuntis [[saeculum 12|saeculi XII]]). A sinistra certamen cum [[bestia de mari]] depingitur; a dextra draco ruber in mulierem flumen aquae vomit; super eam filius eius in caelum deducitur. Fasciculus:Virgen de Quito Panecillo 03.jpg|thumb|Statuae mulieris amictae sole Quiti </gallery> == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Woman of the Apocalypse|mulierem amictam sole}} [[Categoria:Apocalypsis Ioannis]] [[Categoria:Feminae]] [[Categoria:Personae Biblicae]] myws8w1r1mca69ox4if7qpdoed9ve5a 3700069 3700068 2022-08-27T16:52:24Z Isis Horus Seth 148050 /* Galerie */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Woman_Apocalypse_Hungary.jpg|thumb|Foemina Sole et Sacra Corona Hungarica ab pictore Hungarico, Ferenc Szoldatits.]] '''Mulier amicta sole''' ([[Graece]] "γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον") est persona symbolica [[Apocalypsis Ioannis]] (lib. 12, vv. 1–17). Imaginem mulieris diversis modis interpretantur theologi, maior pars quorum credunt eam ecclesiam Christianam temporis persecutionum repraesentare. Mulier saepe cum [[Maria (mater Iesu)|virgine Maria]] coniungitur et in multis operibus artis reperiri potest. == Visio Ioannis == Descriptio mulieris in duodecimo capite libri Apocalypsis reperitur: <blockquote>Et signum magnum apparuit in [[caelum|caelo]]: mulier amicta [[sol]]e, et [[luna]] sub pedibus eius, et super caput eius [[corona]] [[stella]]rum duodecim; et in [[uterus|utero]] habens, et clamat [[partus|parturiens]] et cruciatur, ut pariat. Et visum est aliud signum in caelo: et ecce [[draco]] rufus magnus, habens capita septem et cornua decem, et super capita sua septem diademata; et cauda eius trahit tertiam partem stellarum caeli et misit eas in terram. Et draco stetit ante mulierem, quae erat paritura, ut, cum peperisset, filium eius devoraret. Et peperit filium, masculum, qui recturus est omnes gentes in virga ferrea; et raptus est filius eius ad Deum et ad thronum eius. Et mulier fugit in desertum, ubi habet locum paratum a Deo, ut ibi pascant illam diebus mille ducentis sexaginta.<ref>''[[Nova Vulgata]]'', [http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_nt_apocalypsis-ioannis_lt.html#12 Apc. 12:1–6].</ref></blockquote> Hoc tempore magnum proelium in caelo inter draconem et Michaëlem factum est. Draco proiectus denuo persecutus est mulierum, cui datae sunt "duae alae aquilae magnae, ut volaret in desertum in locum suum, ubi alitur per tempus et tempora." Serpens ex ore suo post mulierem "aquam tamquam flumen" misit, quod terra autem absorbuit. Tunc "iratus est draco in mulierem et abiit facere proelium cum reliquis de semine eius, qui custodiunt mandata Dei et habent testimonium Iesu."<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_nt_apocalypsis-ioannis_lt.html#12 Apc. 12:7–17].</ref> == Galerie == <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> Fasciculus:Patrona_Hungariae_-_Török_bankház.jpg|thumb|Mulier amicta sole (Patrona Hungariae), musivo in facie 'Domus Bank Turcicae' in Budapest, Hungaria. Fasciculus:Woman of the Apocalypse (Hortus deliciarum).jpg|thumb|Mulier amicta sole (miniatura [[Herradis Landsbergensis]] exeuntis [[saeculum 12|saeculi XII]]). A sinistra certamen cum [[bestia de mari]] depingitur; a dextra draco ruber in mulierem flumen aquae vomit; super eam filius eius in caelum deducitur. Fasciculus:Virgen de Quito Panecillo 03.jpg|thumb|Statuae mulieris amictae sole Quiti </gallery> == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Woman of the Apocalypse|mulierem amictam sole}} [[Categoria:Apocalypsis Ioannis]] [[Categoria:Feminae]] [[Categoria:Personae Biblicae]] 979eps33h8bsw534zgv8p0agllf2bfj 4 278017 3700081 3699940 2022-08-27T18:43:26Z Giorno2 30162 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Euripides-bust-plate.jpg|right|140px]] '''''[[supplices (Euripides)|Supplices]]''''', <br />drama Euripideum<div style="clear:both;"></div><noinclude> [[Categoria:Pagina prima]] </noinclude> 9bel5jw1fhb2jx0mlkawy5mud5c1m23 4 278018 3700082 3699869 2022-08-27T18:44:20Z Giorno2 30162 /* Promovendae */ wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="-moz-box-shadow:10px 10px 10px #CCC; -webkit-box-shadow:6px 6px 6px #CCC; box-shadow:8px 8px 8px #CCC; float:right; border:1px solid #BEBEBE; padding:1em"> {{Vicipaedia:Pagina prima/Capsa prima| titulus = [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima/Pagina cottidiana|Pagina cottidiana]] | color tituli = white | color vexilli = #D61D00 | margo cacuminis = 0 | corpus = {{Vicipaedia:Pagina prima/Pagina cottidiana}}}} </div> Ut paginam cottidianam hodiernam promoveas, [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima/Pagina cottidiana|formulam paginae cottidianae]] in fenestram adiunctam aperi, duobusque locis emenda. # Loco tituli anterioris titulum novum insere # Loco imaginis anterioris imaginem novam a te selectam insere. Cura ut faciem imaginis ad paginam primam restringas: non |thumb|, non |upright|, sed (exempli gratia) |right|100px| Quo facto, titulum paginae a te promotae e rubrica inferiori "Promovendae" in subpaginam "[[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2022 promotae]]" move. Rem perfecisti! == Promovendae == * [[Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum]] * [[Ecclesiazusae]] * [[Fasti regum Lydiae]] * [[Iugum Atlanticum medium]] * [[Thomas Moufetus]] * [[Tiresias]] == Iam promotae == * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2019 promotae]] * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2020 promotae]] * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2021 promotae]] * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2022 promotae]] [[Categoria:Pagina prima]] [[Categoria:Paginae honoratae]] kshd6426y9ko1zd5s5duk6tlu4rfnxo 2 284559 3700205 3567812 2022-08-28T10:41:29Z CommonsDelinker 1422 [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker/commands|automaton]]: Substituens [[commons:Image:Tintin_and_Snowy_graffiti.jpg|Image:Tintin_and_Snowy_graffiti.jpg]] pro Image:Tintin_and_Snowy_grafitti.jpg. CommonsDelinker hanc rationem dedit: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: wikitext text/x-wiki <gallery class="right" mode="slideshow" style="float:left"> Fasciculus:Russian language flag.svg|{{Usor contrib CentralAuth|10000|link=https://xtools.wmflabs.org/globalcontribs/Tintin-tintine}} Fasciculus:Tintin and Snowy graffiti.jpg|{{User SUL Box|2=w|en}} </gallery> {{#babel:ru-N|en-3|de-2|el-1|he-1|la-0|vo-0}} c2z28dhc4a3e102j2h321vcg8pjatq3 2 291840 3700144 3698307 2022-08-27T20:55:34Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki == Paginae plenae de alimentis (76) == * [[Taumali]] * [[Dry martini]] * [[Caveach]] * [[Sicbeis]] * [[Bisque]] * [[Caseus]] * [[Pastillum Hamburgense]] * [[Liquamen]] * [[Garum]] * [[Soma]] * [[Sicera]] * [[Pulvis cayennae]] * [[Astacus modo Americano]] * [[Vinea de alliis]] * [[Milagu-tanni‎‎]] * [[Surā]] * [[Brytus]] * [[Celia]] * [[Curmi]] * [[Zythum]] * [[Cormé]] * [[Dadhi]] * [[Vesper (potio)]] * [[Amara (potio)]] * [[Crusta (potio)]] * [[Amara e vischio]] * [[Grog]] * [[Civerium locustarum]] * [[Astacus stilo Thermidori]] * [[Astacus stilo Newberg]] * [[Porcina Dongpo]] * [[Piscis ex aqua bullita]] * [[Bubula ex aqua bullita]] * [[Pullina e capsicis]] * [[Anas theá fumata]] * [[Cancer e capsicis]] * [[Cancer e salfritto]] * [[Pullus mendici]] * [[Aristaeopsis e suo iure]] * [[Momcoria]] * [[Scapece]] * [[Scabeccio]] * [[Risottum modo Mediolanensium]] * [[Elote]] * [[Esquites]] * [[Caseus soiae ani maculatae]] * [[Romania (ferculum)]] * [[Mammonia]] * [[Chicken tikka masala]] * [[Pullina paedagogi principum]] * [[Kai pen]] * [[Jaew bong]] * [[Dūpiāza]] * [[Pedes porcini modo Sanctae Manechildis]] * [[Alae pullinae Buffalonenses]] * [[Pullina modo Baionensi]] * [[Embamma gribiche]] * [[Ceviche]] * [[Sapor (conditura)]] * [[Colatura de alleculis]] * [[Oryza glaberrima]] * [[Oryza glumaepatula]] * [[Iuscellum testudinum viridum]] * [[Iuscellum falsae testudinis]] * [[Salsa Robert]] * [[Salsa Madame]] * [[Medus]] * [[Caseus mucore glaucus]] * [[Hangtown fry]] * [[Pastillum bubulum ostrearumque]] * [[Capsicum (fructus)]] (+ commercium recens, usus) * [[Omasa modo Cadomensi]] * [[Bloody Mary]] * [[Capsicum e carne]] * [[Varietates capsicorum]] * [[Mel insanum]] == Paginae plenae de hominibus (42) == * [[Theophrastus]] * [[Bartholomaeus Platina]] * [[Maria Antonius Carême]] * [[Arnaldus de Villa Nova]] * [[Martinus Comensis (magister coquinarius)]] * [[Iohannes de Bockenheim]] * [[Nathaniel Newnham-Davis]] * [[Franciscus Robert]] * [[Franciscus Andreas Laguipière]] * [[Franciscus Massialot]] * [[Vincentius La Chapelle]] * [[Maynus de Mayneriis]] * [[Iosephus Gastaldy]] * [[Franciscus Rabelaesus]] * [[Ioannes Franciscus Vacossin]] * [[Ludovicus Saulnier]] * [[Phileas Gilbert]] * [[Eduardus Nignon]] * [[Bertrandus Guégan]] * [[Ioannes Fragosus]] * [[Ioannes Raius]] * [[Ioannes Parkinsonus]] * [[Andreas Baccius]] * [[Matthias Lobelius]] * [[Theodorus Mayernius]] * [[Ioachimus Camerarius iunior]] * [[Thomas Moufetus]] * [[Valerius Cordus]] * [[Leonhartus Rauwolfius]] * [[Cora Millet-Robinet]] * [[Mago Carthaginiensis]] * [[Herbertus Byng Hall]] * [[Mithaecus]] * [[Yuan Mei]] * [[Sophia Coe]] * [[Ricardus Evans Schultes]] * [[Iosephus Cooper]] * [[Armandus Theodorus Hunziker]] * [[Michael Felix Dunal]] * [[Andreas Thevetus]] * [[Carolus Figulus]] * [[Maunsel White]] == Paginae plenae de litteris (15) == * [[Aromatum apud Indos nascentium historia]] * [[Relatione di alcune cose della Nuova Spagna e della gran città di Temestitan Messico]] * [[Synonyma plantarum barbara]] * [[Physiologie du goût]] * [[Ferculum zodiacale Trimalchionis]] * [[Hedyphagetica (Ennius)]] * [[Almanach des gourmands]] * [[La Desputoison du vin et de l'iaue]] * [[Salsamenta Pictavensium]] * [[La Bataille des vins]] * [[Aedis silvarum nebulosarum regimentarium]] * [[Simplicia montani victualia]] * [[Praecepta ex horto plenitudinis]] * [[Delle viti e dei vini di Borgogna]] * [[Propria ad mensam Imperatoris principia]] == Paginae plenae de verbis (2) == * [[Prandete tamquam apud inferos cenaturi]] * [[On devient cuisinier, mais on naît rôtisseur]] == Paginae plenae de artibus (3) == * [[Uniones Cleopatrae reginae]] * [[Le Verre de porto]] * [[Historia Anastasii de Honestis (Botticelli)]] == Paginae plenae de cenis (21) == * [[Cena nuptialis Carani Macedonis]] * [[Aphrodisia ab Antigono Gonata celebrata]] * [[Cena Cleopatrae Ptolemaeoque a Caesare oblata]] * [[Novendial a Scissa datum]] * [[Cena Nasidieni]] * [[Cena Theseo ab Hecale oblata]] * [[Convivium Euryti et Heraclis]] * [[Epulum a Thoma Wolseio celebratum (1526)]] * [[Epulum apud Cappellettos celebratum]] * [[Cena deis a Baucide et Philemone oblata]] * [[Cena atra a Domitiano data]] * [[Sciomachia ab Ioanne Bellaio anno 1549 celebrata]] * [[Epulum Arielis magicum]] * [[Cenae Antonio a Cleopatra datae (41 a.C.n.)]] * [[Cena Banchoni a Macbetho oblata]] * [[Prandium legatis Arcadibus ab Antigono Gonata datum]] * [[Prandium Keith Floyd ultimum]] * [[Cena Demetrio Poliorcetae Athenis oblata]] * [[Cena Dodecatheos]] * [[Cena Graeca ab Elisabetha Vigée-Lebrun data]] * [[Nuptiae Cleopatrae et Philippi Macedonis]] == Paginae plenae de locis (3) == * [[Academia Romana]] * [[The Four Seasons]] * [[Prima popina restaurativa]] == Paginae "in progressu" (15) == {{Vide-etiam|Usor:Andrew Dalby/In progressu}} * [[Oryza (victus)]] * [[Cataif]] * [[Paprica]] * [[Scapeta]] (+ historia gastronomica) * [[Risottum]] (textus Latine vertendus) * [[Cusculenes]] (+ historia gastronomica) * [[Lac amygdalinum]] * [[Sambusuch]] * [[Isicium Hamburgense]] * [[Pilau]] * [[Achar]] * [[Kitsery]] * [[Dal]] * [[Grimod de la Reynière]] * [[Popina sellariola]] == Paginae augendae de alimentis (85) == * [[Ientaculum]] (+ consuetudines) * [[Chebeb]] (+ commercium recens) * [[Soia (liquamen)]] (+ historia recentior, confectio recens, varietates) * ''[[Glycine max]]'' (+ historia recentior et internationalis, commercium recens, usus) * [[Socolata]] (+ historia recentior) * [[Cocktail]] (+ historia recentior) * [[Caril]] (+ historia et usus mundanus) * [[Iogurtum]] (+ commercium recens, usus culinarius) * [[Cervesia]] (+ adventus humulorum, historia recentior, confectio et usus) * [[Magiritsa]] * [[Thea]] (+ historia recentior, commercium) * [[Limon]] (+ historia recentior, commercium, usus) * [[Vinum]] (+ historia recentior, commercium, usus) * [[Caouinum]] (usus hodiernus) * [[Laserpicium]] * [[Sapor]] * [[Jiu]] * [[Alla]] * [[Salfrittum]] * [[Shiro wot]] * [[Tej]] * [[Limonia]] * [[Sumachia]] * [[Iuscellum astaculorum]] * [[Bang bang ji]] * [[Anas sale condita modo Nanchinensi]] * [[Injera]] * [[Embamma]] * [[Biryānī]] * [[Cramum calamellum]] * [[Aurantium]] * [[Lasania]] * [[Martius panis]] * [[Vinum Hippocraticum]] * [[Ius (cibus)]] * [[Bešbarmak]] * [[Ius Magonicum]] * [[vinum Alsaticum]] * [[vinum Chambertinum]] * [[Vinum Tokaiense]] * [[Vinum Arbosiense]] * [[Vinum Rupellanum]] * [[Vinum Francicum]] * [[Vinum Gallicum]] * [[Mate]] * [[Musa (fructus)]] * [[Spiritus vini Armeniacensis]] * [[Spiritus vini]] * [[Aqua ardens]] * [[Vinum Burdigalense]] * [[Ostrearium genus]] * [[Ova taricha]] * [[Ostreae craticula tostae]] * [[Pastillum ostrearum]] * [[Potagium ostrearum]] * [[Ostreae Rockefeller]] * [[Ostreae pane involutae]] * [[Ostreae verubus tostae]] * [[Civerium ostrearum]] * [[Vinum Urbevetanum]] * [[Angeli equitantes]] * [[Cibus nimis machinatus]] * [[Allex sorus]] * [[Vinum Burgundicum]] * [[Sal]] * [[Complexus entheogenorum Mesoamericanus]] * [[Surculi bambusei]] * [[Nidus aerodramorum]] * [[Salsa alba]] * [[Salsa viridis]] * [[Cibus promptus]] * [[Pisum sativum]] (10000) * [[Anthropophagia]] * [[Cocoretsium]] * [[Glaciatus conus]] * [[Patsas]] * [[Gallus vinolentus]] * [[Capsicum dulce (fructus)]] * [[Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum]] textus Latine vertendus * [[Tabasco (varietas capsicorum)‎]] * [[Capsica Neomexicana]] * [[Tabasco (liquamen)‎]] * [[Complexus agrarius orientalis]] * [[Porcina in braza rubra]] == Paginae augendae de speciebus (35) == * [[Erythroxylum coca]] * [[Meleagris gallopavo]]] * [[Arctium lappa]] * [[Diospyros virginiana]] * [[Cocos nucifera]] * [[Lagenaria siceraria]] * [[Cucumis sativus]] * [[Cucumis melo]] * [[Citrullus lanatus]] * [[Columba livia]] * [[Cyprinus carpio]] * [[Ostrea edulis]] * [[Solanum lycopersicum]] (+ commercium recens, usus) * [[Solanum melongena]] (+ commercium, usus) * [[Allium sativum]] * [[Filipendula ulmaria]] * [[Sorbus domestica]] * [[Solanum aculeastrum]] * [[Solanum aethiopicum]] * [[Solanum anguivi]] * [[Solanum coagulans]] * [[Solanum dasyphyllum]] * [[Solanum goetzei]] * [[Solanum macrocarpon]] * [[Solanum subg. Leptostemonum]] * [[Solanum lasiocarpum]] * [[Solanum trilobatum]] * [[Solanum cyanocarphium]] * [[Solanum virginianum]] * [[Solanum violaceum]] * [[Solanum barbisetum]] * [[Solanum torvum]] * [[Chenopodium berlandieri]] * [[Helianthus annuus]] * [[Cucurbita pepo]] == Paginae augendae de hominibus (75) == * [[Walafridus Strabo]] * [[Gaius Plinius Secundus]] * [[Marcus Porcius Cato maior]] * [[Marcus Terentius Varro]] * [[Hesiodus]] * [[Petrus de Crescentiis]] * [[Gundisalvus Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés]] * [[Iosephus de Acosta]] * [[Christophorus Acosta]] * [[Bartholomaeus Scapius]] * [[Lucius Iunius Moderatus Columella]] * [[Geraldus Mars]] * [[Ludovicus de Cussy]] * [[Augustus Escoffier]] * [[M. F. K. Fisher]] (+ cursus gastronomicus) * [[Ioannes Anthelmus Brillat-Savarin]] * [[Archestratus]] * [[Carolus Herman Senn]] * [[Isabella Beeton]] * [[Alexis Soyer]] * [[Gulielmus Kitchiner]] * [[Leo Brisse]] * [[Iulius Gouffé]] * [[Urbanus Dubois]] * [[Aemilius Bernard]] * [[Keith Floyd]] * [[Iosephus Favre]] * [[Curnonsky]] * [[Marcellus Rouff]] * [[Eduardus de Pomiane]] * [[Guilielmus Turnerus]] * [[Iohannes Hugonis Linscotanus]] * [[Kenelmus Digbius]] * [[Nicolaus Myrepsus]] * [[Otho Brunfelsius]] * [[Pseudo-Mesue]] * [[Casparus Bauhinus]] * [[Gulielmus Rondeletius]] * [[Isaacus Casaubonus]] * [[Petrus Bellonius]] * [[Ioannes Parkinsonus]] * [[Ioannes Bauhinus iunior]] * [[Ulysses Aldrovandus]] * [[Lucas Ghinius]] * [[Andreas Alpagus]] * [[Franciscus Calceolarius]] * [[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]] * [[Ioannes Murrell]] * [[Lynceus Samius]] * [[Hippolochus (Theophrasti discipulus)]] * [[Y Yn]] * [[Li Yu (scriptor)]] * [[Ni Zan]] * [[Michaël Boym]] * [[Ioanna Andrews]] * [[Carolus Bixler Heiser]] * [[Dolores Piperno]] * [[Barbara Pickersgill]] * [[Christina Hastorf]] * [[Basilius Besler]] * [[Ioannes Stadius]] * [[Agnes Marshall]] * [[Dionysius Iosephus Vuillemot]] * [[Petrus Pena]] * [[Tu Benjun]] * [[Anna Poulard]] * [[Albertus Szent-Györgyi]] * [[Carolus Clement]] * [[Gloria Barboza‎‎]] * [[Gulielmus Hardy Eshbaugh‎‎]] * [[Rudolphus Grewe]] * [[Alexandra Knapp]] * [[Paulus Rozin]] * [[Yi Su-gwang]] * [[Frederick J. Simoons]] == Paginae augendae de litteris (22) == * [[La France gastronomique]] * [[Beeton's Book of Household Management]] * [[Hedypathia]] * [[Le Tretiz (Bibbesworth)]] * [[Naturalis et moralis Indiae Occidentalis historia]] * [[Aromatum et medicamentorum in orientali India nascentium historia]] * [[De materia medica (Dioscorides)]] * [[Herbarius (pseudo-Apuleius)]] * [[Saturnalia (Macrobius)]] * [[Quaestiones convivales]] * [[Satyricon]] * [[Registrum coquinae]] * [[De honesta voluptate et valetudine]] * [[Rei rusticae libri (Columella)]] * [[Ruralia commoda]] * [[Vinetum (Stephanus)]] * [[Memorandums Taken on a Journey from Paris into the Southern Parts of France and Northern of Italy]] * [[The Closet of Sir Kenelme Digbie Opened]] * [[De simplici medicina (Serapio)]] * [[Medicinale Anglicum]] * [[De agri cultura]] * [[Principales populo favendi artes]] * [[Fortuitae affectuum otiosorum adumbrationes]] == Paginae augendae de artibus (9) == * [[Saltatio Salomae (Benotius)]] * [[L'Absinthe]] * [[Cena luxuriosa et scala Iacobi]] * [[Iuvenes comissantes (pictura muralis Minoa)]] * [[Symposium mulierum]] * [[Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus]] (textus Latine vertendus) * [[Ientaculum venatorum (Courbet)]] * [[Prandium in herba (Manet)]] * [[Prandium in herba (Monet)]] == Paginae augendae de cenis (27) == * [[Aphrodisia apud Gnathaenam celebrata]] * [[Cena Lentuli Nigri aditialis]] * [[Cena Trimalchionis]] * [[Feriae tonsurae ovium]] (textus Latine vertendus) * [[Prandium ad Mare Tiberiadis]] * [[Miracula panum]] * [[Miracula piscium]] * [[Prandium apud Pharisaeum celebratum (Luca 11)]] * [[Cena Baccho a Brongo oblata]] * [[Cena Baccho a Falerno oblata]] * [[Cena Baccho ab Icario oblata]] * [[Cena adventicia Vitellio data]] * [[Cena Alexandri Magni apud Mallos]] * [[Cena atra a Domitiano data]] * [[Cena iuxta Metabolam a Manuele Comneno oblata]] * [[Cena Societatis Scientiae Zingaricae semisaecularis]] * [[Convivium Alexandri Magni novissimum]] * [[Convivium Marci Antonii novissimum]] * [[Convivium Ptolemaei Athenis celebratum]] * [[Epulum Saturnalicium a Domitiano datum]] * [[Nuptiae Macedonum et Persarum (324 a.C.n.)]] * [[Prandium legatis Arcadibus ab Antigono Gonata datum]] * [[Quinquatria a Nerone celebrata (59)]] * [[Triumphi Gai Iulii Caesaris]] * [[Ultima Cena]] * [[Cena Mutezumae]] * [[Convivium sub divo]] == Paginae augendae de locis (3) == * [[Le Rocher de Cancale]] * [[Halae Parisienses]] * [[Café Frascati (Lutetia)]] == Paginae augendae de verbis (3) == * [[Latinitas culinaria]] * [[Crust and crumb]] (Textus Latine vertendus) * [[Dis-moi ce que tu manges: je te dirai ce que tu es]] == Stipulae de alimentis == * [[Caseus Gruyerensis]] * [[Kormā]] * [[Acetum e capsicis]] * [[Asafoetida]] * [[Cibarium album]] * [[Cachaça]] * [[Caipirinha]] * [[Sambal]] * [[Chaloe]] * [[Pulvis capsici]] * [[Vinum ex oryza]] * [[Vinum Sinicum]] * [[Vinum Iaponicum]] * [[Tejuino]] * [[Kecap]] * [[Hydromeli]] * [[Poc chuc]] * [[Jaew]] * [[Jaew som]] * [[Pla ra]] * [[Padaek]] * [[Nam pla phrik]] * [[Nam phrik]] * [[Ishiru]] * [[Shottsuru]] * [[Budu]] * [[Nam pu]] * [[Tai pla]] * [[Gwell]] * [[Skyr]] * [[Iuscellum]] (10000) * [[Cerbetta]] * [[Talla]] * [[Uraqua]] * [[Acetum Zhenjiangense]] * [[Tritura]] * [[Gastronomia Sichuanensis]] * [[Civetum]] * [[Locustarium genus]] * [[Squillarum genus]] * [[Caseus soiae]] * [[Doubanjiang]] * [[Vinum Shaoxingense]] * [[Cabidela]] * [[Sarrabulho]] * [[Crispa]] * [[Cancrarium genus]] * [[Potio stimulans]] * [[Potio imbecilla]] * [[Liquamen e capsicis]] * [[Vinum absinthites]] * [[Crustum de malis]] * [[Caseus Cheddarensis]] (10000) * [[Aprina]] * [[Daiquiri]] * [[Mojito]] * [[Iuscellum cancerum feminarum]] * [[Iuscellum astacorum]] * [[Loligines ex atramento suo]] * [[Risottum ex atramento sepiarum]] * [[Tortillita de camarones]] * [[Porcellina]] * [[Suilla]] * [[Vitulina]] * [[Bubula]] * [[Agnina]] * [[Vervecina]] * [[Haedina]] * [[Caprina]] * [[Pullina]] * [[Anatina]] * [[Anserina]] * [[Mozzarella]] * [[Caseus Parmensis]] (10000) * [[Braeburn (malum)]] * [[Cripps Pink]] * [[Elstar]] * [[Fuji (malum)]] * [[Gala (malum)]] * [[Gloster (malum)]] * [[Golden Delicious]] * [[Granny Smith]] * [[Honeycrisp]] * [[Idared]] * [[Jonagold]] * [[Jonathan (malum)]] * [[Ligol]] * [[McIntosh (malum)]] * [[Red Delicious]] * [[Šampion]] * [[Lycopersica farta]] * [[Potagium Camerani]] * [[Allex sorus]] * [[Iusculum dactylorum modo Portus Ericis]] * [[Civetum leporis]] * [[Civetum aprinum]] * [[Civetum locustarum]] * [[Patatae frictae]] * [[Cramum ambustum]] * [[Tyropatina]] * [[Crispella]] * [[Cydoniatum]] * [[Pastillum locustarium]] * [[Homarus modo Benedict]] * [[Ova modo Benedict]] * [[Gravatum]] * [[Salsa camelina]] * [[Lens culinaris]] * [[Actinidiae fructus]] * [[SunGold (cultivarietas actinidiae)]] * [[Vinum Portugallicum]] * [[Sanguiculus]] * [[Budingum]] * [[Murena Nasidieni]] * [[Caseus marcidus]] * [[Brodium]] * [[Potagium]] * [[Spiritus anisi]] * [[Segmina patatarum]] * [[Vinum Andegavense]] * [[Vinum Aurelianense]] * [[Vinum Auxerrense]] * [[vinum Aynium]] * [[Vinum Malacitanum]] * [[vinum Sancerrense]] * [[Vinum Gallacium]] * [[vinum Cadurcense]] * [[vinum Grave]] * [[vinum Pictaviense]] * [[Vinum Condriacense]] * [[Vinum Illicitanum]] * [[vinum Belnense]] * [[Vinum Belloiocense]] * [[Vinum Cabliacense]] * [[Vinum Cyprium]] * [[Vinum Frontiniacum]] * [[Vinum Graecum]] * [[Vinum Rhenanum]] * [[Vinum Britannicum]] * [[vinum Italicum]] * [[Vinum Hispanicum]] * [[Vinum Eremiticum]] * [[Vinum Maderaicum]] * [[Vinum Mosellanum]] * [[Vinum Malvasiae]] * [[Vinum Prosecense]] * [[Vinum Xerae]] * [[Vinum Rivesaltinum]] * [[Vinum Viennense]] * [[Vinum Turonense]] * [[Vinum Turnonium]] * [[Vinum Sanporcianum]] * [[Vinum de Monbazillac]] * [[Vinum Bergeracense]] * [[Chianti (vinum)]] * [[Vinum Campanicum]] * [[Lacryma Christi]] * [[Patatae contusae]] * [[Civerium ostrearum]] * [[Bambusa oldhamii]] * [[Jambalaya]] * [[Iusculum ostrearum]] * [[Liquamen ostrearum]] * [[Ars coquinaria Britannica]] * [[Ars coquinaria Sinensis]] * [[Iuscellum ostrearum]] * [[Omelette ostrearum]] * [[Ostreae frictae]] * [[Pulvis caril]] * [[Gumbo]] * [[Gastronomia Acadiana]] * [[Galantina]] * [[Hochepot]] * [[Iusculum consummatum]] * [[Iuscellum e nidis aerodramorum]] * [[Fraga e cramo]] * [[Gallina e paprica]] * [[Candgie]] * [[Mel meliponinorum]] * [[Gallopavonina]] * [[Merluccius e salsa viridi]] * [[Anguilla in galantina]] * [[Aurantium cancere fartum]] * [[Moly]] * [[Agar]] * [[Omasum (gastronomia)]] * [[Scombrorum genus]] * [[Guna (cibus)]] * [[Tyrocautera]] * [[Capsicum Hungarum]] * [[Jalapeño]] * [[Mirasol (capsicum)]] * [[Serrano (capsicum)]] * [[Rocoto‎‎]] * [[Habanero‎‎]] * [[Ancho (capsicum)]] * [[Chilaca‎‎]] * [[Ají amarillo‎]] * [[Malagueta (capsicum)]] * [[Cayenne (varietas)]] * [[Anaheim (capsicum)]] * [[Chiltecpin]] * [[Poblano (capsicum)‎]] * [[Capsaicinum]] * [[Caseus Cantalinus]] * [[Caseus Salernensis]] * [[Caseus de Gleola]] == Stipulae de taxis == * [[Solanum tuberosum]] (1000) * [[Prunus persica]] (10000) * [[Asparagus officinalis]] (10000) * [[Vicia faba]] (10000) * [[Spinacia oleracea]] * [[Cicer arietinum]] * [[Clupea harengus]] * [[Gadus morhua]] * [[Scophthalmus maximus]] * [[Muraena helena]] * [[Sarda sarda]] * [[Vigna unguiculata]] * [[Lupinus albus]] * [[Scomber scombrus]] * [[Scomber colias]] * [[Morus nigra]] * [[Morus alba]] * [[Ananas comosus]] (10000) * [[Aframomum melegueta]] * [[Crassostrea tulipa]] * [[Crassostrea virginica]] * [[Digitaria exilis]] * [[Lithophaga lithophaga]] * [[Vitis rotundifolia]] * [[Fragaria virginiana]] * [[Morus rubra]] * [[Phaseolus vulgaris]] * [[Agave americana]] * [[Psidium guajava]] * [[Persea americana]] * [[Ipomoea batatas]] * [[Tamarindus indica]] * [[Helianthus annuus]] * [[Illicium verum]] * [[Cucurbita]] * [[Cucurbita maxima]] * [[Cucurbita moschata]] * [[Cucurbita pepo]] * [[Piper cubeba]] * [[Zingiber zerumbet‎]] * [[Homarus gammarus]] * [[Crassostrea rhizophorae]] * [[Alectryonella plicatula]] * [[Magallana angulata]] * [[Magallana ariakensis]] * [[Magallana bilineata]] * [[Magallana gigas]] * [[Magallana hongkongensis]] * [[Magallana sikamea]] * [[Ostrea angasi]] * [[Ostrea chilensis]] * [[Ostrea conchaphila]] * [[Ostrea lurida]] * [[Ostrea stentina]] * [[Saccostrea cuccullata]] * [[Saccostrea glomerata]] * [[Saccostrea malabonensis]] * [[Callinectes sapidus]] * [[Ateles geoffroyi]] * [[Thymus serpyllum]] * [[Althaea officinalis‎]] * [[Curcuma zedoaria]] * [[Zoopharmacognosis]] * [[Manniophyton fulvum]] * [[Aneilema aequinoctiale]] * [[Aspilia mossambicensis]] * [[Aspilia pluriseta]] * [[Commelina diffusa]] * [[Ficus exasperata]] * [[Ficus mucuso]] * [[Hibiscus aponeurus]] * [[Lippia plicata]] * [[Melastomastrum capitatum]] * [[Polycephalium capitatum]] * [[Rubia cordifolia]] * [[Trema orientalis]] * [[Vernonia amygdalina]] * [[Vernonia colorata]] * [[Pimpinella anisum]] * [[Capsicum tovarii]] * [[Capsicum chacoense‎‎]] * [[Capsicum cardenasii‎‎‎‎]] * [[Capsicum eximium‎‎‎‎]] * [[‎‎‎‎Capsicum frutescens]] * [[Capsicum chinense‎‎‎‎]] * [[‎‎‎‎Capsicum baccatum]] * [[Capsicum pubescens]] * [[Tubocapsicum anomalum]] * [[Lycianthes acapulcensis]] * [[Datura stramonium]] * [[Heimia salicifolia]] * [[Ipomoea tricolor]] * [[Ipomoea violacea]] * [[Lonchocarpus punctatus]] * [[Lophophora williamsii]] * [[Nicotiana rustica]] * [[Nicotiana tabacum]] * [[Nymphaea ampla]] * [[Psilocybe aztecorum]] * [[Psilocybe cubensis]] * [[Psilocybe mexicana]] * [[Salvia divinorum]] * [[Turbina corymbosa]] * [[Esox lucius]] * [[Anguilla anguilla]] * [[Lampetra fluviatilis]] * [[Eriocheir sinensis]] * [[Homarus americanus]] * [[Ferula assa-foetida]] * [[Hordeum pusillum]] * [[Dissostichus eleginoides]] * [[Austropotamobius pallipes]] * [[Leucaena esculenta]] * [[Solanaceae]] * [[Physalis]] == Stipulae de hominibus == * [[Burgundio Pisanus]] * [[Iulia Child]] * [[Eduardus Hetzel Schafer]] * [[Magdalena Grieve]] * [[Nicholaus Culpeper]] * [[Iohannes Gerardus]] * [[Lu Yu]] * [[Robertus de Nola]] * [[Dioscorides]] * [[Apuleius (scriptor pseudonymus)]] * [[Athenaeus Naucratites]] * [[Stephanus Gaselee]] (textus Latine vertendus) * [[Palladius Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus]] * [[Anthimus (legatus)]] * [[Bartholomaeus Andreas Camerani]] * [[Elizabeth David]] * [[Prosper Montagné]] * [[Antonius Beauvilliers]] * [[Franciscus Petrus de La Varenne]] * [[Chiquardus]] * [[Carolus Monselet]] * [[Alanus Davidson]] * [[Marcellus Boulestin]] * [[Nicolaus Appert]] * [[Matthaeus Platearius]] * [[Petrus Musandinus]] * [[Sancteuremondus]] * [[Carolus Clusius]] * [[Franciscus Drakus]] * [[Ioannes Antonius Chaptal]] * [[Carolus Plumier]] * [[Iosephus Pitton de Tournefort]] * [[Conradus Gesnerus]] * [[Gerardus Cibo]] * [[Andreas Caesalpinus]] * [[Prosper Alpinus]] * [[Amatus Lusitanus]] * [[Melchior Guilandinus]] * [[Constantius Felici]] * [[Peregrinus Artusi]] * [[Ioannes Bruyerinus Campegius]] * [[Hippolytus Salvianus]] * [[Iacobus Ligotius]] * [[Carolus Stephanus]] * [[Gervasius Markham]] * [[Petrus Antonius Michiel]] * [[Olivarius Serranus]] * [[Wilbur Lincoln Scoville]] * [[Gradus Scoville]] * [[Augustinus Pyramus de Candolle]] * [[Alphonsus Pyramus de Candolle]] * [[Ioannes Lerius]] * [[Bernardus Díaz del Castillo]] * [[Iacobus Bontius]] * [[Barnabas Cobo]] * [[Georgius Marcgravius]] * [[Gulielmus Piso]] * [[Franciscus Ximénez de Quesada]] * [[Thomas Gage (peregrinator)]] * [[Carolus Augustus Monteiro]] * [[Iulius Janick]] * [[Gulielmus D'Arcy]] * [[Redcliffe Salaman]] * [[David Gentilcore]] * [[Paulus Bosland]] * [[Ricardus Olmstead]] * [[Petrus Wilf]] == Stipulae de litteris == * [[Naturalis historia (Plinius)]] * [[Le Mesnagier de Paris]] * [[Les Singularités de la France antarctique]] * [[Canon theae]] * [[En tibi perpetuis ridentem floribus hortum]] * [[Geoponica]] * [[Libre del coch]] * [[Historia plantarum (Theophrastus)]] * [[De causis plantarum (Theophrastus)]] * [[Symposium (Xenophon)]] * [[Deipnosophistae]] * [[Cena Attica]] * [[Deipnosophistarum epitome]] * [[Apicius sive De re coquinaria]] * [[Apici excerpta]] * [[Opus agriculturae]] * [[De insitione (Palladius)]] * [[De observatione ciborum]] * [[Codex Bambergensis medicinalis 1]] * [[Le Guide culinaire]] * [[Livre de cuisine très utile et profitable]] * [[Du fait de cuisine]] * [[Libro per cuoco]] * [[Regimen sanitatis ad regem Aragonum]] * [[Liber de coquina ubi diversitates ciborum docentur]] * [[Tractatus de modo praeparandi et condiendi omnia cibaria]] * [[Opusculum de saporibus]] * [[Circa instans]] * [[De naturali vinorum historia]] * [[Codex Clusii]] * [[Choice and Experimented Receipts in Physick and Chirurgery]] * [[Antidotarium]] * [[Lacnunga]] * [[Observationes (Bellonius)]] * [[Commentarii (Matthiolus)]] * [[The Good Housewife's Jewel‎]] * [[A Proper New Book of Cookery]] * [[Le Théâtre d'agriculture]] * [[The Bloody Banquet]] * [[Forme of Cury]] * [[Flora Sinensis]] * [[Medicus Sinicus]] * [[Maison rustique des dames]] * [[Historia navigationis in Brasiliam]] * [[Historia naturalis Brasiliae]] * [[De Indiae utriusque re naturali et medica]] == Stipulae de artibus == * [[Phaseolos comedens (Carracci)]] * [[Absinthii potor]] * [[Herbarium Ulyssis Aldrovandi]] * [[Puella ostrea sumens]] * [[Allegoriae sensuum separatorum (Bruegel)]] * [[Allegoriae sensuum coniunctorum (Bruegel)]] == Stipulae de cenis == * [[Cena adventicia Roberti de Berghes]] * [[Cena Hortensii Hortali aditialis]] * [[Cena Scipioni et Hasdrubali a Syphace oblata]] * [[Convivium Balthasaris]] * [[Prandium Ioannis Palaeologi]] * [[Epulum Manchu-Han]] == Stipulae de locis == * [[Popina]] * [[Cabaret]] * [[Coffearia]] * [[Véry Frères]] * [[Les Trois Frères Provençaux]] * [[Pharamond]] == Stipulae de verbis == * [[Un dessert sans fromage est une belle à qui il manque un oeil]] * [[La découverte d'un mets nouveau fait plus pour le genre humain que la découverte d'une étoile]] == Augendae selectae ex 10000 == * [[Commutatio neolithica]] (7000) * [[Coffeum]] (13,000) * [[Panis]] (11,000) * [[Pomacium]] (9500) * [[Phasianus colchicus]] (9000) * [[Nux avellana]] (7000) * [[Caro]] (7000) * [[Holus]] (6000) * [[Temetum]] (3500) * [[Piper nigrum]] (3500) * [[Nux]] (3500) * [[Cinnamum]] (3500) * [[Ultima Cena (Leonardus)]] (3000) * [[Foeniculum vulgare]] (3000) * [[Amanita muscaria]] (3000) * [[Acetum]] (2500) * [[Cavia porcellus]] * [[Cena]] * [[Potio]] * [[Epulum]] * [[Prandium]] * [[Oleum]] * [[Mel]] * [[Bellaria]] * [[Farina]] * [[Frumentum]] * [[Glacies edibilis]] * [[Cramum]] * [[Butyrum]] * [[Lac]] * [[Herba condimentaria]] * [[Ocimum basilicum]] * [[Petroselinum crispum]] * [[Allium cepa]] * [[Mentha]] * [[Cymbopogon]] * [[Zingiber officinale]] (10000) * [[Allium sativum]] (10000) * [[Elettaria cardamomum]] (10000) * [[Sushi]] (10000) * [[Ius (sorbitio)]] (10000) * [[Pastillum fartum]] (10000) * [[Acetaria]] (10000) * [[Puls]] (10000) * [[Placenta Neapolitana]] (10000) * [[Pasta]] (10000) * [[Collyra]] (10000) * [[Scriblita]] (10000) * [[Sinapi]] (10000) * [[Liquamen lycopersici]] (10000) * [[Potio Guaxacana]] * [[Cafea Mochana]] * [[Cafea expressa]] * [[Thea viridis]] * [[Coca-Cola]] (10000) * [[Cola (potio)]] * [[Potio refrigeratoria]] * [[Limonata]] * [[Sucus]] * [[Vischium]] (10000) * [[Vodca]] (10000) * [[Rhomium]] * [[Anisatum]] * [[Iuniperatum]] * [[Alcohol]] <!-- * [[]] * [[]] * [[]] * [[]] * [[]] * [[]] * [[]] * [[]] * [[]] * [[]] * [[]] --> 6eg0tyusz5cw3tp7itgsqy7xh6ojh02 4 300718 3700083 3699870 2022-08-27T18:45:27Z Giorno2 30162 wikitext text/x-wiki == Mense Ianuario 2022 promotae == # [[Festum anni novi Sinici]] # [[Iosephus Cooper]] # [[Astronautica]] # [[Altenburg (Vimaria)]] # [[Cyclops (Euripides)]] # [[Magi (Biblia)]] # [[Associatio diurnariorum Esperanticorum internationalis]] # [[Martinus Schäffer]] # [[Corpus humanum]] # [[Fenelo]] # [[Nucifrangibulum]] # [[Trippstein]] # [[Domus Francisci Liszt (Vimaria)]] # [[Udalricus Brandenburg]] # [[Antigone (Sophocles)]] # [[Antonius Blair]] # [[Nucifrangibulum (ballatio)]] # [[Marius Petipa]] # [[Cellula Schwannia]] # [[Hugenoti]] # [[Sepulcretum Sancti Ioannis (Iena)]] # [[Iphigenia Aulidensis]] # [[Ioannes Vsevoložskij]] # [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)]] # [[Peleus]] # [[Museum de Re publica Vimariana]] # [[Li Yu (scriptor)]] # [[Magna Zimbabua]] # [[Ioannes Gottfriedus Herder]] # [[Subcontinens Indica]] # [[Ossianus]] == Mense Februario 2022 promotae == # [[Myelinum]] # [[Tres Hierarchae]] # [[Museum de Re publica democratica Germanica (Apolda)]] # [[Elisabeth Streller]] # [[Colles Nigri]] # [[Matthias Castrén]] # [[Sodalitas Rennsteig 1896]] # [[Demosthenes (strategus)]] # [[Monumentum Nationale Marinum Papahānaumokuākea]] # [[Robertus Müller]] # [[Ostreae craticula tostae]] # [[Yuan Mei]] # [[Nosocomium Sanctorum Georgii et Iacobi]] # [[Amavangus]] # [[Vesper (potio)]] # [[Ioannes Racine]] # [[Ioannes Racine]] # [[Clipeus Arvernus]] # [[Franciscus Georgius Rössler]] # [[Simplicia montani victualia]] # [[Guillelmus Wallaceus]] # [[Wannsee Conventus]] # [[Phèdre (Racine)]] # [[Lex maiestatis]] # [[Ucraina]] # [[Equites (Aristophanes)]] # [[Vladimirus Zelens'kyj]] # [[Stela Mesae]] == Mense Martio 2022 promotae == # [[Napoleo III (imperator Franciae)]] # [[Latinitas culinaria]] # [[Neurogenesis]] # [[Genovefa Parisiensis]] # [[Fugger]] # [[Vespae (Aristophanes)]] # [[Radix Iesse]] # [[Psalmus 77]] # [[Musica Renascentiae]] # [[Acharnenses]] # [[Galena Gorecka]] # [[Ordinatio Regni Mineralium secundum Linnaeum]] # [[Paryadres]] # [[Orlando furioso]] # [[Lingua Lazica]] # [[Capella Bethleem (Praga)]] # [[Pimpinella anisum]] # [[Bracchium caecum]] # [[Keith Floyd]] # [[Paulus Jegorovas]] # [[Conformatio terrestris]] # [[Cultura interretialis]] # [[Ioannes Biereye]] # [[Mundus Russicus]] # [[Ioanna Agalakova]] # [[Pax (Aristophanes)]] # [[Pax (Aristophanes)]] # [[Ioannes Kotljarevs'kyj]] # [[Evangelicum centrum Pauli Schneider Vimariense]] # [[Paulus Schneider]] # [[Hochepot]] == Mense Aprili 2022 promotae == # [[Caliphatus]] # [[Johannes Aurifaber (Vimariensis)]] # [[McDonald's]] # [[Conradus Ferdinandus Meyer]] # [[Parlamentum Erfordiense]] # [[Ricardus Evans Schultes]] # [[Associatio Esperantica Hiberniae]] # [[Historia Anastasii de Honestis (Botticelli)]] # [[Iulius Jüthner]] # [[Dominica in Palmis de passione Domini]] # [[Hippolytus (Euripides)]] # [[Aula Thuringiae]] # [[Chebeb]] # [[Ioannes Stadius]] # [[Pater noster]] # [[Psalmus 22]] # [[Dominica Resurrectionis Domini]] # [[Oleum (generale)]] # [[Hilarius Putnam]] # [[Ars coquinaria mediaevalis]] # [[Sirenes]] # [[Orestes (Euripides)]] # [[Aloysius Schmaus]] # [[Oedipus rex]] # [[Loca monticulosa Kazachstanica]] # [[Jean Paul]] # [[Polymestor]] # [[Insula Sancti Ludovici]] # [[Dionysius Keefe]] # [[Hecuba (Euripides)]] == Mense Maio 2022 promotae == # [[Oksana Zabuzhko]] # [[Andromaque (Racine)]] # [[Fredericus Ludovicus Schröder]] # [[Mistelbach]] # [[Nessus]] # [[Adversus Haereses (Irenaeus)]] # [[Ferdinandus Raimund]] # [[Helena (Euripides)]] # [[Hymnus Ucrainae]] # [[De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas]] # [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Ucrainae Vernadskiana]] # [[Basidiomycota]] # [[Lingua Coreana]] # [[Aves (Aristophanes)]] # [[Realismus scientificus]] # [[Kep Enderby]] # [[Omasa modo Cadomensi]] # [[Nicolaus Iohannis]] # [[Temperatura thermodynamica]] # [[Candidus Fuldensis]] # [[Candidus Fuldensis]] # [[Propria ad mensam Imperatoris principia]] # [[Aeacus]] # [[Altiplanum]] # [[Ferdinandus Maia]] # [[Ranae (Aristophanes)]] # [[Titus Brandsma]] # [[Trachiniae]] # [[Certamen poëticum Hoeufftianum]] # [[Ennominae]] # [[Museum Transsilvanicum]] == Mense Iunio 2022 promotae == # [[Gallus vinolentus]] # [[Habilitas physica]] # [[Petrus Frankopan]] # [[Sadko Hospes Dives]] # [[Apenninus]] # [[Spiritus Sanctus]] # [[Danapris]] # [[Hallgrimus Petraeus]] # [[Topiramatum]] # [[Franciscus Ruano]] # [[Electra (Sophocles)]] # [[Trinitas]] # [[Anthropophagia]] # [[Opus fundatum ecclesiarum munitarum]] # [[Tubulus renalis colligens]] # [[Clemens Brentano]] # [[Capaneus]] # [[Putin-mentula!]] # [[Phoenissae]] # [[Carolus Linnaeus]] # [[Domus Boerorum]] # [[Albertus Szent-Györgyi]] # [[Tabasco (liquamen)]] # [[A Moscua ad Galliculos]] # [[Vladimirus Filatov]] # [[Musica Romana antiqua]] # [[Septem contra Thebas (Aeschylus)]] # [[Elote]] # [[Cultura Ucrainae]] # [[Mauricius de Soliaco]] == Mense Iulio 2022 promotae == # [[Dies sideralis]] # [[Huldericus de Hutten]] # [[Lalibela]] # [[Ioannes Bellaius (cardinalis)]] # [[Observatorium Zimmerwald]] # [[Oedipus Coloneus (Sophocles)]] # [[Gudrida Simonis filia]] # [[Praesidium Franciscopolis]] # [[Croesus]] # [[Bloody Mary]] # [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] # [[Vestmannorum Insulae]] # [[Antonius Guilielmus Amo]] # [[Thesmophoriazusae]] # [[Prunus spinosa]] # [[Maunsel White]] # [[Navis longa Russica, abi in malam rem!]] # [[Kennethus Norton]] # [[Salzkammergut]] # [[Martinus Garrix]] # [[Theodicaea]] # [[Cleomenes I]] # [[Ioannes Pedius Tethingerus]] # [[Regio cervicalis anterior]] # [[Lysistrata]] # [[Isaacus Casaubonus]] # [[Abbatia Sancti Victoris]] # [[Genocidium Buchae factum]] # [[Abductio Turcica]] # [[Otto Grotewohl]] # [[Aiax (Sophocles)]] == Mense Augusto 2022 promotae == # [[Oberonia titania]] # [[Colossi Memnonis]] # [[Ioachimus Bellaius]] # [[Fabella nautae naufragi]] # [[Morbus Whippleianus]] # [[Bethsabea]] # [[De principe]] # [[Meridianus primarius]] # [[Eucharistia]] # [[Franciscus de Neve]] # [[Nucleus Telluris exterior]] # [[Philoctetes (Sophocles)]] # [[Franciscus Huber]] # [[Leviathan (Thomas Hobbius)]] # [[Demophoon]] # [[Ministerium Defensionis Foederationis Russicae]] # [[Ordines Franciscani]] # [[Carmen solutum]] # [[Iolaus]] # [[Dionysia]] # [[Bessastadae]] # [[Valerius Cordus]] # [[Heraclidae (Euripides)]] # [[Alexander Grothendieck]] # [[Desertum Victoria]] # [[Fiunt oratores: nascuntur poëtae]] # [[Vinum Arbosiense]] # [[Supplices (Euripides)]] [[Categoria:Pagina prima]] [[Categoria:Paginae honoratae]] g2srqypur3raxd7gvi0fy8ic3xtqaww 2 302535 3700055 3682944 2022-08-27T15:32:24Z IacobusAmor 1163 Maius wikitext text/x-wiki {{In progressu}} <center><big>'''OPERA VICIPAEDIAE ANNO 2022 DATA'''<br> '''[[Classificatio Decimalis Dewey|CLASSIFICATIONE DECIMALI DEWEYANA]] DIGESTA'''</big></center><br> <font color="purple">'''SVMMA COMMENTARIORVM VSQVE AD KALENDAS IANVARIAS ANNO 2023 ADDITORVM'''</font><br> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |- | '''RES''' || '''IAN''' || '''FEB''' || '''MAR''' || '''APR''' || '''MAI''' || '''IVN''' || '''IVL''' || '''AVG''' || '''SEP''' || '''OCT''' || '''NOV''' || '''DEC''' || '''ANNVS''' |- | <font color="green">'''0 INFORMATIO'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''2'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font 'color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">'''2'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''1 PHILOSOPHIA & PSYCHOLOGIA'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''1'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">'''1'''</font> |- |<font color="green"> '''2 RELIGIO'''</font>||<font color="green">'''1'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''1'''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">'''2'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''3 SCIENTIAE SOCIALES'''</font>||<font color="green">'''1'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''1'''</font>||<font color="green">'''1'''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">'''3'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''4 LINGVAE'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''1'''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">'''1'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''5 SCIENTIA'''</font>||<font color="green">'''22'''</font>||<font color="green">'''3'''</font>||<font color="green">'''13 '''</font>||<font color="green">'''3'''</font>||<font color="green">'''3'''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">'''44'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''6 TECHNOLOGIA & SCIENTIA ADHIBITA</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''1'''</font>||<font color="green">'''3'''</font>||<font color="green">'''1'''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">'''5'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''7 ARTES & OBLECTAMENTA'''</font>||<font color="green">'''1'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''3'''</font>||<font color="green">'''3'''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">'''7'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''8 LITTERAE'''</font>||<font color="green">'''1'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''1'''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">'''2'''</font> |- | <font color="green">'''9 HISTORIA, GEOGRAPHIA, BIOGRAPHIA'''</font>||<font color="green">'''8'''</font>||<font color="green">'''9'''</font>||<font color="green">'''0'''</font>||<font color="green">'''2'''</font>||<font color="green">'''9 '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>||<font color="green">''' '''</font>|| <font color="green">'''28'''</font> |- | '''SVMMA''' || '''34''' || '''12''' || '''14 ''' || '''15''' || '''20''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''95''' |}<br> <center><big><font color="purple">'''COMMENTARII CLASSIFICATIONE DIGESTI'''</font></big></center> :::<small>‡ = una e [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/1000_Paginae_epitome 1000 paginis maximi momenti]</small> :::<small>‰ = una e [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Paginae_quas_omnibus_Wikipediis_contineri_oportet/Expansio 10&thinsp;000 paginis maximi momenti]</small> :::<small>± = commentarius ab alio factus, omnino retractatus et magnopere amplificatus<!--by more than doubling the number of characters--></small> :::<small>§ = pagina mensis</small><br><br> ;0 INFORMATIO 00 SCIENTIA ET RATIONES SCIENTIAE COMPVTATRALIS<!-- :001 Scientia computatralis, informatica, opera generalia: 001.9 Scientia controversa--> :005 Programmatura computatralis<!-- ::005.1 Programmatura--> ::005.2 Programmatura in certis circumiectis: 005.27 [[JavaScript]]‰<!-- 01 BIBLIOGRAPHIAE 02 SCIENTIA BIBLIOTHECARVM 03 ENCYCLOPAEDIAE ET LIBRI DATORVM--> 05 MAGAZINAE, DIARIA, SERIALES :050 Periodica generalia: [[Magazina]]‰<!-- 06 SOCIETATES, ORGANIZATIONES, MVSEA 07 DIVRNALISMUS DE MEDIIS NVNTIORUM ET PVBLICATIO 09 MANVSCRIPTA, AVTOGRAPHA<br>--> ;1 PHILOSOPHIA ET PSYCHOLOGIA<!-- 10 PHILOSOPHIA 11 METAPHYSICA 12 EPISTEMOLOGIA 13 MENS ET CORPVS 14 SCHOLAE COGITATIONIS 15 PSYCHOLOGIA: 156 Psychologia animalium: 156.092 [[Conradus Lorenz]]‰±<!-- 18 PHILOSOPHIA ANTIQVA, MEDIAEVALIS, ORIENTALIS 19 PHILOSOPHIA HODIERNA OCCIDENTALIS :192 Philosophia Britannica<br>--> ;2 RELIGIO<!-- 20 RELIGIO :203 Veneratio publica et alii usus: 203.7 Symbolismus, res symbolica, soni symbolici 21 PHILOSOPHIA ET DOCTRINA RELIGIONIS :211 Deismus, atheismus 22 BIBLIA SACRA 23 THEOLOGIA DOCTRINALIS 24 VSVS ET RITVS CHRISTIANA 26 RATIO CHRISTIANA, OPVS SOCIALE, VENERATIO 27 HISTORIA CHRISTIANITATIS 28 SECTAE CHRISTIANAE :283 Anglicanae et Episcopalianae: 283.0 Generalia: 283.09 Oceania :289 Aliae denominationes et sectae: 289.5 Scientia Christiana--> 29 ALIAE RELIGIONES :292 Religio Graeca et Romana<!-- ::202.0 Generalia--> ::292.1 Mythologiae: 292.13 [[Athena]]‰, [[Castor et Pollux]]±<!-- :294 Religiones orginis Indicae ::294.3 Buddhismus: 294.39 Scholae Buddhismi: 294.392 Mahayana: 294.3925<br>--> ;3 SCIENTIAE SOCIALES 32 Scientia civilis: 320 [[Scientia civilis]]‰ 30 Scientiae sociales: 303 Rationes sociales: 303.3 Coordinatio et temperatio; potestas: 303.38 Opinio publica: <!--303.385-->[[Inclinatio]]‰±<!-- 33 OECONOMIA :332 Argentariae, pecunia, fides, faenus: 332.6 Collocatio--> 35 ADMINISTRATIO PVBLICA; SCIENTIA MILITARIS :355 Res militaris<!-- :355.1 Vita militaris: 355.13 Honor militaris, disciplina--> :355.8 Armamenta et commeatus: 355.82 Parva armamenta et instrumenta: 355.824 [[AK-47]]±<!-- :359 Classis, scientia navalis: 359.4 Belli gerendi ratio 36 QVAESTIONES ET OFFICIA SOCIALIA; CONSOCIATIONES :362 Greges hominum: 362.7 Salus puerorum :363 Aliae quaestiones et ministeria 39 MORES, VSVS, ERVDITIO VVLGARIS :391 Vestitus, officina, moda: 391.4 Membra extrema :398 Eruditio vulgaris [folklore]<br>--> ;4 LINGVA 41 LINGVISTICA<!-- :411 Systemata scribendi--> :412 [[Etymologia]]‰±<!-- 49 ALIAE LINGVAE :491 Aliae linguae Indoeuropaeae: 491.4 Hodiernae linguae Indiae orientalis<br>--> ;5 SCIENTIA<!-- 50: 501 Diffusio--> 51 MATHEMATICA :512 Algebra<!-- ::512.5 Linearis, multilinearis, multidimensonalis--> ::512.7 Theoria numerorum: 512.72 Singuli numeri: [[77 (numerus)|77]] :516 Geometria: 516.2 Geometria Euclidea: 516.22 [[Rhombus (geometria)]]‰<!-- 52 ASTRONOMIA :529 Chronologia 53 PHYSICA :530 Generalia<!--: 530.0 Generalia: 530.09 Biographia et historia: 530.092 Biographia--> ::530.1 Physica theoretica: 530.11 Relativitas: [[Theoria relativitatis]]‰ :531 [[Momentum]]‰<!-- :539 Physica nuclearis ::539.7 Radioactivitas :::539.72 Physica atomica et nucleari ::::539.721 Particula &c--> 54 CHEMIA ET SCIENTIAE CONSOCIATAE :540 Chemia 540.1 Theoria et doctrina: [[Alchemia]]‰± :546 Chemica inorganica: [[Natrii chloridum]]‰± ::546.8 Systema periodicum: [[Systema periodicum]]‰± :547 Chemia organica: 547.2 [[Oleum (generale)]]‰ 55 SCIENTIAE TERRESTRES ET GEOLOGIA :551 Geologia, hydrologia, meteorologia: 551.2 Montes igniferi, terraemotus: 551.21 [[Tholus vulcanicus]]‰<!-- ::551.3 Superficiei rationes et agentes :::551.31 Cryosphaera :::551.34 Mons glacialis ::551.4 Geomorphologia & hydrosphaera (proprietates superficiales telluris) :::551.42 Seismologia :::551.48 Flumina et lacus ::551.7 Geologia historica--> :553 Geologia oeconomica: 553.6 Mineralia oeconomica: 553.63 Sal lapideus et gypsum: [[Sal]]‰ 56 FOSSILIA ET VITA PRAEHISTORICA :564 Mollusca: ''[[Syllipsimopodi bideni]]''<!-- 57 SCIENTIAE VITAE, BIOLOGIA :571 Physiologia et res coniunctae: 571.3 Anatomia et morphologia--> 58 PLANTAE (BOTANICE)<!-- :580 Plantae (botanice)--> :581 Res praecipuae in historia naturali: 581.4 Morphologia, anatomia comparativa: [[Radix palaris]] :583 Dicotyledone ::clad.Eudicotyledones<!-- ::583.1 Digerenda: 583.15 Amaranthoideae :::583.152 Caryophyllales: Montiaceae ::583.3 Rosales :::583.32 Caesalpinia :::583.38 Saxifrageae ::583.39(?) Crassulaceae ::583.4 [Ignota] ::583.5 Gamopetalae: 583.55 Compositae ::583.6 Ericales ::583.63 Fabaceae(?) ::583.65 Diapensiacea--> ::583.7 Gentianales<!-- :::583.72 Apocynaceae--> :::583.73 ord.Fabales: Fabaceae: subf.Faboideae: tr.Dalbergieae: ''[[Arachis hypogaea]]''‰<!-- :::583.75 ord.Sapindales: Anacardiaceae :::583.78 Brassicaceae &c.--> ::583.9 "Apetalae" (?)<!-- :::583.96 (?) ord.Lamiales: Acanthaceae :::583.98 (?) ord.Asterales: 583.983 Asteraceae: tr.Cichorieae--> :::::583.9882 ord.Apiales: Apiaceae: subf.Apioideae: tr. Scandiceae: subtr.Daucinae: [[Carota (holus radicale)]]‰; ''[[Daucus]]'', ''[[Daucus pusillus]]'' 59 ANIMALIA (ZOOLOGIA)<!-- :590: 590.9 Biographia :591 :::591.12 Spiraculum (arthropoda) :::591.42 Branchiae sanguineae :::591.46 Ovipositor--> :592 Invertebrata ::592.4 superf.[[Geoplanoidea]]: [[Geoplanidae]]: subf.[[Bipaliinae]]: ''[[Humbertium]]'', ''[[Humbertium covidum]]'' :594 Mollusca ::594.3 Gastropoda: [[Limax]]‰<!-- :595 phyl.Arthropoda ::595.1 phyl.Platyhelminthes (Vermes) ::595.3 subphyl.Crustacea :::595.38 Thoracostraca: superf.Nephropoidea ::::595.384 Scyllaridae ::::595.386 ord.Decapoda: infraord.Brachyura: clad.Heterotremat]: superf.Potamoide]: Potamonautidae ::595.4 cl.Arachnida :::595.42 subcl.Acari :::595.44 ord.Araneae ::: . subord.Opisthothelae: infraord.Araneomorphae: Pholcidae--> ::595.7 cl.Insecta<!-- :::595.73(?) infracl.[[Neoptera]]: superord.Endopterygota :::595.73(?) subcl.Pterygota: infracl.Palaeoptera :::595.74(?): 595.744 ord.Mecoptera: Boreidae :::595.75 Rhyncota, Hemiptera, &c. ::::595.754 Hemiptera :::: . subord.Heteroptera :::: .. infraord.Cimicomorpha :::: ... superf.Cimicoidea :::: ... superf Miroidea: Miridae :::595.76 Coleoptera ::::595.762 subord.Adephaga :::: ... superf.Caraboidea :::::Carabidae: subf.Harpalinae ::::595.763 subord.Polyphaga :::: ..infraord.Elateriformia :::: ...superf.Byrrhoidea :::::Byrrhidae :::: ...superf.Dascillodiea ::::[Dascillidae ::::::Dascillinae ::::::Karumiinae ::::::Rhipiceridae :::: ..infraord.Bostrichiformia: superf,Bostrichoidea: Desmestidae: subf.Megatominae: ''Anthrenocerus schwarzeneggeri'' :: . 595.77 superord.Panorpida: ord.Diptera :: .. superf.Hippoboscoidea: Glossinidae--> :::595.78 ord.Lepidoptera (subordines Aglossata, Glossata, Heterobathmiina, Zeugloptera) ::: . subord.Glossata: cohors.Myoglossata: Neolepidoptera: infraord.Heteroneura :::: 595.781 superf.Bombycoidea<!-- ::::Bombycidae ::::Endromidae ::::Eupterotidae ::::Hepialidae ::::Saturniidae--> ::::Sphingidae :::::subf.[[Macroglossinae]]: tr.[[Macroglossini]]: ''[[Euproserpinus]]'', ''[[Euproserpinus phaeton]]'' :::::subf.Sphinginae ::::::tr.[[Acherontiini]]: ''[[Acherontia (lepidoptera)]]'' ::::::tr.Sphingini: ''[[Sphinx (genus)]]'', ''[[Sphinx sequoiae]]''<!-- ::: ... superf.Gelechioidea ::::Gelechiidae: subf.Gelechiinae ::::::tr.Gnorimoschemini ::::Xyloryctidae ::: ... superf.Geometroidea ::::Geometridae ::: ... superf.Hesperioidea ::: ... superf.Noctuoidea ::::Erebidae :::::subf.Arctiinae: tr.Arctiini ::::::subtr.Arctiina ::::::subtr.Euchromiina ::::Noctuidae :::::subf.Acronictinae :::::subf.Catocalinae :::::subf.Noctuinae :::::subf.Hadeninae :::::subf.Plusiinae ::::::tr.Plusiini ::: ... superf.Papilionoidea ::::Papilionidae :::::subf.Papilioninae: tr.Papilionini :::::subf.Parnassiinae ::::::tr.Luehdorfiini ::::::tr.Parnassiini ::::Lycaenidae :::::subf.Theclinae: tr.Cheritrini :::::subf.Curetinae :::::subf.Polyommatinae: tr.Polyommatini: :::::subf.Poritiinae: tr.Leptinini: subtr.Pentilina ::::Nymphalidae :::::subf.Danainae ::::::tr.Danaini ::::::tr.Ithomiini: :::::subf.Heliconiinae ::::::tr.Argynnini ::::::tr.Melitaeini :::::subf.Nymphalinae: tr.Nymphalini :::::subf.Satyrinae ::::::tr.Satyrini :::::::subtr.Melanargiina :::::::subtr. Maniolina ::: ... superf.Tortricoidea ::::Tortricidae: subf.Tortricinae--> ::: ... superf.Pterophoroidea ::::[[Pterophoridae]]: subf.[[Pterophorinae]]: tr.Oidaematophorini: ''[[Adaina]]'', ''[[Adaina atahualpa]]'' ; ''[[Emmelina]]'', ''[[Emmelina jason]]'' ; ''[[Hellinsia]]'', ''[[Hellinsia falsus]]'', ''[[Hellinsia pan]]'', ''[[Hellinsia pollux]]'', ''[[Hellinsia thor]]'', ''[[Hellinsia tupaci]]'' ; ''[[Oidaematophorus eupatorii]]''<!-- ::: ... superf.Yponomeutoidea: Glyphipterigidae ::: ... superf.Zygaenoidea ::::Megalopygidae ::::Zygaenidae :::::subf.Chalcosiinae :::::subf.Zygaeninae :::595.79 ord.Hymenoptera :::. subord.Symphyta: Siricidae :::. subord.Apocrita ::: . 595.796 infraord.Aculeata ::: ... superf.Formicoidea :::::Formicidae ::::::subf.Myrmicinae ::::::subf.Dolichoderinae: :::::::tr.Leptomyrmecini ::::::tr.Tapinomini :::::subf.Formicinae: tr.Plagiolepidini ::: ... superf.Apoidea ::::Apidae: subf.Apinae: tr.Bombini ::: ... 595.798 superf.Chalcidoidea ::::Agaonidae: Agaoninae ::::Eurytomidae: subf.Eurytominae ::::Torymidae ::: ...superf.Cynipoidea ::::Figitidae :::::subf.Eucoilinae ::: ...superf.Ichneumonoidea: ::::Braconidae ::::Ichneumonoidae ::: ... superf.Formicoidea ::::Eulophidae ::::Chalcididae ::: ... superf.Chrysioidea ::: ... superf.Vespoidea :597 Vertebrata sanguinis frigidi: pisces, amphibia ::597.0 Piscis ::597.3 subcl.Elasmobranchii :::597.34 ord.Carcharhiniformes ::::Carcharhinidae ::::Sphyrnidae :::597.35 ord.Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae ::597.4 Ganoidei :::597.42 supercl.Osteichtyes: cl.Actinopterygii: subcl.Chondrostei: ord.Acipenseriformes ::::Acipenseridae :::597.45 ord.Clupeiformes: Engraulidae :::597.48 ord.Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae :::597.48 ord.Characiformes: Serrasalmidae :::597.49 ord.Siluriformes: Siluridae ::597.5 supercl.Osteichthyes: cl.Actinopterygii: subcl.Neopterygii: infracl.Teleostei :::597.51 superord.Elopomorpha :::597.52 ord.Cypriniformes: superf.Cyprinoidea: Cyprinidae ::::subf.Cyprininae ::::subf.Leuciscinae ::::subf.Squaliobarbinae :: . 597.53 superord.Paracanthopterygii: ord.Gadiformes ::::Gadidae ::::Lotidae :::597.55 Myctophiformes: Myctophidae :::597.58 ord.Perciformes ::::Moronidae ::::Osphronemidae: subf.Macropodusinae :::ord.Anguilliformes :: . 597.58 superord.Paracanthopterygii: ord.Ophidiiformes :: . superord.Acanthopterygii :::ord.Mugiliformes: Mugilidae :::ord.Atheriniformes ::::Atherinidae ::::Atherinopsidae ::::Melanotaeniidae ::::Phallostethidae :::ord.Cichliformes :::ord.Clupeiformes :::ord.Scorpaeniformes :::ord.Cyprinodontiformes :::ord.Perciformes ::: . subord.Blennioidei: Labrisomidae ::: . subord.Gobioidei: Xenisthmidae ::: . subord.Labroidei: Cichlidae ::: . subord.Percoidei: superf.Percoidea ::::Serranidae: Epinephelinae ::::Percidae ::::Sparidae ::: . subord Xyphioidei(res controversa) :::597.58 Istiophoridae ::597.6 "Batracia" :::597.62 ord.Lophiiformes: subord.Antennarioidei :::597.64 ord.Tetraodontiformes: subord.Tetraodontoidei ::::Tetraodontidae ::::Diodontidae :::597.69 superord.Acanthopterygii: ord.Pleuronectiformes ::597.7 ord.Gobiiformes ::::Gobiidae ::::Oxudercidae ::597.8 ord.Anura: 597.89 Ceratobatrachidae--> :598 Sauria, Aves<!-- ::598.1 cl.Sauropsida (Reptilia) :::598.14 Crocodilia--> ::598.2 cl.Aves: [[Aves]]‡‰±<!-- :::598.24 Anatomia & physiologia :::598.29 Aliae res ::598.3 Grallatores :::598.31 Otididae :::598.33 Aves litorales :::598.34 Ciconiidae, Gruidae ::598.4 Natatores (aves aquaticae) :::598.42 Procellariiformes: Procellariidae :::ord.Anseriformes :::598.43 Pelecaniformes ::::Balaenicipitidae ::::Fregatidae ::::Phaethontidae ::::Phalacrocoracidae ::::Sulidae :::598.44 :: 598.443 Podicipedidae ::598.5 Cursores :::Tinamiformes: Tinamidae :::Rheiformes: Rheidae :::598.53 Casuariiformes: Casuaridae :::598.54 Apterygiformes: Apterygidae ::598.6 Rasores ::598.7 Scansores :::598.71 ord.Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae :::598.72 ord.Piciformes: subord.Pici :::.infraord.Picides: ::::Indicatoridae ::::Picidae :::.infraord.Rhamphastides: Ramphastidae :::598.72 ord.Procellariiformes: Hydrobatidae: subf.Hydrobatinae :::598.74 ord.Cuculiformes: Cuculidae :::598.74 ord.Musophagiformes: Musophagidae :::598.76 ord.Apodiformes: 598.762 Apodidae ::598.8 Insessores (omnes numeri incerti sunt) :::(598.82 ~ .81) ord.Passeriformes ::: ... superf.Corvoidea: Cinclosomatidae ::: ... superf.Certhioidea :::598.9 Raptores, aves praedatoriae ::::598.92 Cathartidae ::::598.92 ord.Trogoniformes: Tronogidae ::::598.93 Pandion haliaetus ::::598.97 Strigiformes: Strigidae :::598.99 Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae :599 cl.Mammalia ::599.2 infracl.Marsupialia :::599.27 superord.Australidelphia ::::ord.Dasyuromorphia ::::ord.Diprotodontia ::599.3 Edentata, Rodentia, Insectivora: infracl:Placentalia :::599.31 superord.Xenarthra: ord.Pilosa: subord.Folivora :::599.32 ord.Lagomorpha :::599.33 ord.Eulipotyphla ::::Erinaceidae: subf.Erinaceinae :::599.33 superord.Afrotheria ::::Macroscelididae :::599.35 ord.Rodentia: subord.Myomorpja: Dipodidae :::599.356 Cricetidae ::::599.356x subf.Cricetinae ::::599.3579 subf.Arvicolinae :::599.359 [Ignota] ::::Caviidae: subf.Hydrocoerinae ::::Echimyidae: subf.Echimyinae: tr.Myocastorini :::599.36? Sciuromorpha ::::Sciuridae: tr.Marmotini ::599.4 Chiroptera ::: .599.49 subord.Megachiroptera ::: .599.49 subord.Microchiroptera = Yangochiroptera ::::superf.Noctilionoidea: Phyllostomidae: subf.Desmodontinae ::599.5 infraord.Cetacea, ord.Sirenia :::599.52 Mysticeti :::::599.5248 Balaenoptera musculus :::::599.5273 Eubalaena ::::599.53 Delphinida, Grampus griseus, Odontoceti :::::599.538 Platanistidae :::::599.539 Phocoenidae :::::599.54 :: 599.547 Physeter ::599.7 Ungulata, carnivora, mammalia domestica :::599.73 ord.Artiodactyla &c ::: . 599.734 subord.Suina: Tayassuidae ::: . 599.735 subord.Ruminantia ::: .. infraord.Pecora: superf.Giraffoidea: Antilocapridae: subf.Antilocaprinae: tr.Antilocaprini ::::599.735 Cervidae ::::599.7358 Bovidae :::::subf.Alcelaphinae :::::subf.Bovinae: tr.Bovini: subtr.Bovina :::::subf.Bovinae: tr.Bovini: subtr.Bubalina ::::??? Capridae :::::subf.Caprinae ::::: .tr.Caprini ::::: .tr.Ovibovini ::: . subord. Tylopoda: superf.Cameloidea ::::599.736 Camelidae :::ord.Perissodactyla: Equidae: tr.Equini ::599.8 ord.Primates praeter Homines ::: subord.Strepsirrhini: superf.Lorisoidea 599.83 Galagidae ::: subord.Haplorhini ::: . infraord.Tarsiiformes ::::599.83 Tarsidae ::: . infraord.Simiiformes: parvord.Catarrhini: superf.Cercopithecoidea: ::::599.86 Cercopithecidae :::::tr.Papionini ::::::599.864 Macaca ::::::599.865 Papio ::599.9 ord.Primates: Homines--> ;6 TECHNOLOGIA ET SCIENTIA ADHIBITA 61 MEDICINA ET SALVS :613 Salus hominum: 613.7 [[Habilitas physica]]‰ :616 Pathologia, morbi, tractatio<!-- ::616.1 Morbi systematis circulatorii ::616.8 Therapia--> ::616.9 Alii morbi: 616.99 Cancer: 616.994061 [[Chemotherapia]]‰± 62 Ingeniaria :621 Physica adhibita ::621.3 Electrica, magnetica, optica: 621.37 Instrumenta metendi electrica: [[Amperium (unitas)]]‰ ::621.8 Ingeniaria machinarum: [[Ingenium (machina)]]‰<!-- :624 Ingeniaria civilis: 624.5 Pontes--> :629 Alii rami: 629.1 Aviatio: 629.13 Ingeniaria aviationis: 629.13438 [[Umbrella descensoria]]‰±<!-- 63 AGRICVLTVRA :631 Sola, fertilizers, drainage: 631.3 Apparatus agriculturae 68 ARTIFICIA ET OCCVPATIONES :683 Locksmithing, gunsmithing, kitchen tools--> ;7 OBLECTATIO ET RELAXATIO 70 Artes: 708 Pinacothecae, musea, collectiones privatae: 708.7 Res Russicae: [[Museum Solitarium]]‰± 74 Adumbratio et artes ornamentales :749 Supellex: [[Urna]]<!-- 75 PICTVRA :759 Scholae variae: 759.8 Scandinavia 78 MVSICA :781 Principia generalia et formae musicae (doctrina) :782 Musica vocalis ::782.4 Carmina: 782.42 Varia: 782.421 Varia: 782.4216 Generalia<!-- :::::782.42162 Folk :::::782.42164 Pop :: 782.421642092--> :::::782.42166092 [[Michael Jackson]]‡‰± 79 LVDI ET OBLECTATIO :791 Perfunctiones publicae, pelliculae ::791.4 Cinematographia, radiophonia, televisio :::791.43 Cinematographia, pellicula ::::791.430 Generalia :::::791.4309 Biographia: 791.43092 [[Theda Bara]]±<!-- ::::791.435 Docufictio :::791.45 Televisio :792 Oblectamenta scaenica ::792.2 ?Comoedia &c. ::792.3 Mimus ::792.8 Ballatio :::''Res:'' Corpus ballationis, Saltator ballationis, Soloista (ballatio) :::''Homines:'' ::792.9 Miscellanea :793 Oblectamenta intra: 793.34 Saltatio quadrata--> :794 Ludi sollertiae<!-- ::794.1 Scacci: 794.10 Generalia: 794.1092 Biographi--> ::794.8 Ludi electronici et pelliculares: [[Lusus magnetoscopicus]]‡‰± :796 Artes athleticae exterae<!-- ::796.0 Generalia: 796.092 Biographia ::796.2 Catillus iactabilis--> ::796.3 Ludi pilarum :::796.33 Pila pede acta ::::796.334 Pediludium: [[Foedus Summorum Athletarum UEFA]]‰<!-- :::796.34 Ludi ''racquet'': 796.342 Teniludium :::796.35 Ludi pilarum et baculorum ::::796.357 Basipila ::::796.358 Criccetius ::796.4 Ludi Olympici :::796.42 Cursus: 796.420 Generalia ::::796.4209 Biographia et historia :: 796.420924 Biographia ::::796.426 Cursus :::796.43 Hurdling, jumping, vaulting ::796.5 Foris: 796.54 Camping ::796.6 Birotatio et birotarii: Circuitus Franciae: +Circuitus Franciae 2022--> ::796.7 Vehicula motorica: Certamina motorica: 796.72 [[Formula 1]]‰<br> ;8 LITTERAE 80 Re digestae: 808 Rhetorica et anthologiae: [[Parodia]]‰± 81 LITTERAE AMERICANAE<!-- :810 Generalia: 810.9 Historia litterarum Civitatum Foederatarum :811 Poesis Civitatum Foederatarum ::811.0 Generalia ::811.1 Aetas colonica (1607–1776) ::811.2 Aetas postrevolutionaria (1776-1830) ::811.3 Saeculum 19 medium (1830–1861) ::811.4 Saeculum 19 posterius (1861–1900) ::811.5 Saeculum 20 :::811.50 Generalia: 811.508 Academia Poetarum Americanorum :::811.52 (1900–1949) :::811.54 (1950–1999) ::811.6 2000–praesens :812 Drama ::812.2 Postrevolutionarium (1776–1730) :813 Fictio Civitatum Foederatarum ::813.2 Aetas postrevolutionaria (1776–1830) ::813.3 Medium saeculi 19 (1830–1861) ::813.4 Saeculum 19 recentius (1861–1900) ::813.5 Saeculum 20 :::813.52 Prius (1901–1944) :::813.54 Posterius (post 1945) ::813.6 Saeculum 21 :817 Ingenium et facetiae Americanae ::817.2 Aetas postrevolutionaria (1776–1830)--> :818 Auctores, Americani et miscellanea<!-- ::818.1 Aetas colonica (1607–1776) ::818.2 Aetas postrevolutionaria (1776–1830)--> ::818.3 Medium saeculi 19 (1830–1861) :::818.30 Generalia<!-- ::::818.308 Transcendentalismus--> ::::818.309 Varii auctores: 818.309 [[Edgarus Allanus Poe]]‰±<!--  :::818.31 Henricus David Thoreau ::818.4 Saeculum 19 posterius (1861–1900) ::818.5 Saeculum 20 :::818.52 Prius (1901–1944) :::818.54 Posterius (1945-2000) ::818.6 Saeculum 21 :819 Litterae Americanae Anglicae extra Civitates Foederatae ::819.1 Litterae Canadae 82 LITTERAE ANGLICAE ET ANGLICAE VETERES :821 Poesis Anglica ::821.0 Generalia ::821.3 Elizabethana (1558–1625) ::821.4 Post-Elizabethana (1625–1702) ::821.9 Miscellanea :822 Drama Anglicum ::822.3 Elizabethanum (1558–1625): Beaumontius et Fletcherus :::822.33 Shakesperius ::822.4 Postelizabethanum (1625–1702) ::822.9 Post 1900 :823 Fictio Anglica ::823.0 Generalia: 823.08 Fantasia, horror, &c. ::823.5 Anna Regina (1702–1745) ::823.8 Tempus Victorianum (1837–1900) ::823.9 Tempus hodiernum :::823.91 Saeculum 20 ::::823.912 Ante 1945 (1901–1945) ::::823.914 Post 1945 (1945–1999) :::823.92 Saeculum 21 ::829 Litterae Anglicae Veteres (450–1100) 83 LITTERAE THEODISCAE ET CONSOCIATAE :830 Litterae Theodiscae ::830.9 Historia, descriptio, &c: Litterae Austriae, Litterae Theodiscae :831 Poesis Theodisca :836 Litterae Theodiscae :838 Auctores &c. :839 Litterae in aliis linguis Germanicis ::839.3109 Litterae Nederlandicae 84 LITTERAE FRANCICAE ET COGNATAE :840 Litterae Francicae :841 Poesis :843 Fictio :844 Libelli Francici 85 LITTERAE ITALIANAE ET ALIAE :850 Litterae Italianae :851 Philosophia :859 Litterae Romaniae: 859.0 Generalia: Litterae Romaniae 86 LITTERAE HISPANIAE ET LVSITANIAE :860 Litterae Hispaniae ::860.9 Historia: 860.998 Litterae Americae Latinae :861 Poesis Hispanica: 861.6 Saeculum XX :863 Fictio Hispanica: 863.6: Saeculum vicensimum :868 Auctores &c. :869 Litterae Portugaliae: 869.0 Generalia: Litterae Lusitanicae 87 LITTERAE LATINAE :879 Res mediaevales et recentiores 88 LITTERAE GRAECAE ET ALIAE :888 Auctores ::888.9 Auctores minores 89 LITTERAE ALIAE :891 Litterae aliarum linguarum Indoeuropaearum ::891.1 India: Litterae Indiae ::891.4 Linguae Bangladesica, Hinduica, Urduica ::891.5 Linguae Persicae: Litterae Persicae ::891.7 Lingua Russica ::891.8 Linguae Slavicae occidentales et meridianae :::891.85 Lingua Slavicae meridianae occidentales et meridianae :::891.86 Lingua Bohemica ::891.9 Linguae Europae Orientalis :::891.99 Albania, Armenia, Balcania :892 Oriens Media ::892.4 Lingua Iudaica, Israelitica, Hebraica ::892.7 Lingua Arabica: Litterae Aegypti, Litterae Arabicae :894 Linguae Altaicae, Finno-Ugricae, Uralicae, Dravidianae ::894.3 Lingua Turcicae: Linguae Turcicae :895 Linguae Asiae Orientalis ::895.1 Linguae Sinicae: Litterae Sinarum :::895.11 Poesis: 895.115 Tempora hodierna :::895.13 Fictio ::::895.134 Annis 960–1912 ::895.6 Lingua Iaponica: 895.609 Litterae Iaponiae :896 Litterae Africae :899 Litterae aliae ::899.4 Insulae Pacificae ::899.9 Vasconice, Georgice, Mesopotamice, linguae artificiosae<br>--> ;9 HISTORIA ET GEOGRAPHIA<!-- 90 HISTORIA--> 91 GEOGRAPHIA ET PERIEGESIS :910 Geographia et itinera: 910 [[Exploratio]]‰<!-- ::910.0 Generalia: 910.02 Prataria ::910.9 Biographia et historia :911 Geographica historica :912 Cartographia (atlantes, tabulae, chartae, adumbrationes)--> :914 Geographia & periegesis in Europa<!-- ::914.2 Anglia et Cumbria--> ::914.5 Italia: [[Apenninus]]‰±<!-- ::914.9 Aliae civitates Europaeae: 914.95 Graecia: 914.951 Athenae--> :915 Asia<!-- ::915.1 Sina et Corea--> ::915.4 [[Subcontinens Indica]]‰<!-- :916 Africa: 916.7 Africa Orientalis--> :917 America Septentrionalis :917.0 Generalia: [[Flumen Grande]]‰<!-- ::917.1 Canada :::917.12 Septentrionalis et occidentalis: 917.1221 Magnus Servorum Lacus :::917.19 Septentrionalis--> ::917.2 Mexicum, America Media, Mare Caribicum: [[Mexicum Septentrionale]] :::917.22 [[California Inferior (paeninsula)]]‰ :::917.26 [[Fretum Yucatanense]]‰, [[Paeninsula Yucatanensis]]‰<!-- ::917.3 [[Civitates Foederatae Meridianae]] ::917.4 Nova Anglia--> ::917.5 Civitates Meridiorientales<!-- :::917.52 Terra Mariae :::917.53 Districtus Columbiae :::917.55 Virginia--> :::917.59 Florida: [[Fauces Caecae]], [[Fauces Captivae]]<!-- ::917.7 Medium Oriens--> ::917.8 America Septentrionalis Occidentalis: 917.83 Dacota Meridiana: [[Colles Nigri]]‰, [[Dacota Meridiana]]± ::917.9 Ora Occidentalis: 917.9 [[Planities Columbiana]] :918 America Australis: [[Altiplanum]]‰ ::918.0 Generalia: 918.02 [[Terra Ignium]]±‰ : 918.1 Brasilia: [[Bahiensis]], [[Insula Maraiensis]]‰ :919 Regiones Pacifica et polares<!-- ::919.3 Australasia ::919.4 Australia: 919.46 Tasmania: 919.467 Freta & insulae ::919.5 Nova Guinea et insulae proximae--> ::919.6 Polynesia :::919.69 Havai'i: [[Monumentum Nationale Marinum Papahānaumokuākea]]‰ ::919.8 Regiones polares: 919.89 [[Paeninsula Antarctica]]‰ 92 BIOGRAPHIA ET GENEALOGIA :923 Homines in scientiis socialibus: 923.41 [[Mahometus Ali Ağca]]±<!-- 93 MVNDVS ANTIQVVS (AD ANNVM 640 FERE) :930 Historia mundi antiqui ad ca. 499 ::930.1 Praehistoria :931 Sina antiqua ad 420 :932 Aegyptus antiqua ad 640 :933 Palaestina 94 EVROPA- :940 Generalia ::940.2 Prima moderna (1453–1914) :::940.25 1648–1789: Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi ::::940.252 Varia ::::940.253 :: 940.2534 Bellum Septem Annorum :::940.3 Bellum Orbis Terrarum I (1914–1918) ::940.5 1918–1945: 940.53 Bellum Orbis Terrarum II ::940.9 [Ignota] :941 Magna Britannia, Scotia, Hibernia ::942 Anglia et Cambria :946 Hispania et Portugallia :948 Scandinavia ::948.1 Norvegia ::948.5 Suecia ::948.9 Dania et Finnia ::948.91 Dania: Historia Daniae :949 Minores civitates Europaeae ::949.2 Nederlandia ::949.3 Belgium :::949.31 Flandria ::949.4 Helvetia ::949.5 Graecia et Imperium Byzantinum ::949.6 Turcia et Balcania :::949.65 Albania ::949.7 Prior Iugoslavia :::949.71 Serbia :::949.72 Croatia ::949.9 Bulgaria--> 95 ASIA :951 Sina: 951.0 Generalia: 951.02 Annis 960-1644: 951.024 [[Familia Song]]‰±<!-- ::951.1 Sina septentrionalis et orientalis; Pecinum: :952 Iaponia--> :956 Oriens Medius 956.1 Turcia (Anatolia): [[Paryadres]]± :959 Asia Meridiana et Orientalis ::959.7 Vietnamia: [[Vietnamia]]‡‰± ::959.8 Indonesia et Timoria Orientalis: [[Indonesia]]‡‰± 96 AFRICA<!-- :960 Generalia :961 Africa Septentrionalis (Tunisia, Libya, Maghreb): 961.2 Libya :962 Aegyptus et Sudania ::962.0 Aegyptus ::962.4 Sudania--> :963 Aethiopia et Erythraea ::963.0 Aethiopia: 963.4 Aethiopia Septentrionalis: [[Lalibela]]‰<!-- ::963.5 Erythraea :964 Marocum, Sahara Occidentalis, Canariae--> :966 Africa Occidentalis<!-- ::966.3 Senegalia ::966.7 Gana--> ::966.9 Nigeria: [[Nigeria]]‡‰±<!-- :967 Africa sub-Saharana ::967.7 Somalia et Gibutum: 967.73 Somalia :969 Madagascaria et Insulae Oceani Indici--> 97 AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALIS<!-- :971 Canada: Provinciae et territoria Canadae: 971.3 Ontario: 971.33 ::971.4 Quebecum: 971.43 Regio meridioccidentalis ::971.5 Novum Brunsvicum et provinciae Atlanticae ::971.6 Nova Scotia et Acadia: 971.69 Insula Capitis Britanniae ::971.8 Terra Nova et Labrador :972 America Media ::972.8 Mexicum, America Media, Caribica ::972.85 Nicaragua ::972.9 Indi Occidentales :::972.91 Cuba: Historia Cubae :::972.94 Haitia :::972.98 Insulae Windward et Barbatum ::::972.983 Trinitas et Tabacum--> :973 Civitates Foederatae Americae ::973.0 Generalia<!-- :::973.00 Civitates Foederatae Occidentales--> :::973.04 Greges ethnici et nationales: 973.049 Alii greges: 973.0497 Indigenae nativi: 973.04975 [[Cherokeenses]]‰± :::973.07 Educatio et investigatio: 973.07202 [[Howardus Zinn]]<!-- ::973.2 Tempus colonicum (1607–1775) :::973.20 Generalia :::973.21 Deductio in Virginiam (1607–1620) :::973.24 Aetas victoriae Novae Nederlandiae (1664–1689) :::973.26 Aetas colonica (1607–1775) :::973.27 Ultimi coloniarum anni ::973.3 Revolutio et confoederatio :::973.30 Generalia ::::973.309: Biographia: 973.3092: Narrationes personales :::973.31 Historia politica; causae, eventus ::::973.313 Declaratio Libertatis Civitatum Foederatarum :::973.33 Expeditiones et proelia ::973.4 Vasingtonio ad Ieffersonium :::973.46: Ieffersonius: Emptio Ludoviciana ::973.6 Polk ad Buchanan :::973.62 Bellum Mexicanum: 973.621 Historia politica; causae, exitus ::973.7 Lincoln :::973.70 Generalia ::::973.73 Operationes :::::973.732 Expeditio 1862 :::::973.733 Expeditio 1862 finita ::::::973.7336 A 3 Sep ad 14 Nov :::::973.737 Expeditio 1864 finita ::::::973.7378 A 14 Nov ad 31 Dec :::::973.738 Expeditio 1865 ::::973.74 Historia militaris generalis :::::973.741 Partes septentrionales :::::973.742 Partes meridianae :::::973.745 Civitates Atlanticae meridianae: 973.7455 Virginia ::::973.75 Historia navalis :::::973.752 Eventus 1861 :::::973.758 Obsidio + blockade running ::973.8 Johnson ad McKinley ::973.9 T. Roosevelt et post :::973.91 T. Roosevelt ad Truman ::::973.917 F. D. Roosevelt: Negotium Novum ::::973.92 Eisenhower ad Clinton: 973.926 Jimmy Carter :974 Civitates Boreorientales ::974.0 Generalia ::974.1 Cumberlandia Comitatus & Portlandia (urbs) ::974.2 Nova Hantonia ::974.3 Mons Viridis :::974.31 Comitatus Grand Isle, Franklin, Chittenden :::974.33 Comitatus Caledonia & Lamoille :::974.34 Comitatus Vasingtonius ::974.4 Massachusetta :::974.40 Generalia :::974.42 Comitatus Franklin, Hantonia, Hampden :::974.44 Comitatus Middlesexia :::974.45 Comitatus Essexia :::974.46 Comitatus Suffolcia, Bostonia :::974.48 Comitatus Plimmuta, Bristolium ::974.6 Connecticuta :::974.62 Comitatus Hartfordensis :::974.65 Novum Londinium Comitatus :::974.69 Comitatus Fairfield ::974.7 Novum Eboracum :::974.70 Generalia† :::974.71 Urbs Novum Eboracum :::974.72 Vicinia Urbis Novi Eboraci ::::974.727 Westchester Comitatus ::::974.728 Rocklandia Comitatus :::974.73 Comitatus Meridiorientales ::::974.732 Putnam Comitatus ::::974.733 Ducissa Comitatus ::974.8 Pennsylvania :::974.84 Regio Meridiorientalis, Media ::::974.843 Cumberlandia Comitatus :::974.88 Comitatus meridioccidentales ::::974.882 Washington Comitatus ::974.9 Nova Caesarea :975 Civitates Meridiorientales ::975.0 Generalia ::975.1 Delavaria ::975.2 Terra Mariae ::975.3 Districtus Columbiae ::975.4 Virginia Occidentalis ::975.5 Virginia :::975.526 Staffordensis Comitatus (Virginia) ::975.6 Carolina Septentrionalis ::975.7 Carolina Meridiana ::975.8 Georgia ::975.9 Florida :::975.90 Generalia :::975.92 Comitatus incertus :976 Civitates Meridianae Mediae ::976.2 Mississippia ::976.3 Ludoviciana :::976.30 Generalia ::::976.300 Generalia :::::976.3004 Immigrantes ::::::976.30044 Immigrantes ex Acadia ::976.9 Kentukia :977 Civitates Mediae ::977.1 Ohium :::977.13 Comitatus Boreorientales :::977.17 Comitatus Meridioccidentales ::::977.175 Butler Comitatus ::::977.176 Warren Comitatus: 977.1765 Clinton Comitatus :::977.19 Comitatus Meridiorientales ::977.3 Illinoesia :::977.31 Cook Comitatus (Sicagum) ::977.4 Michigania ::977.5 Visconsinia ::977.8 Missuria :978 Civitates Occidentales ::978.1 Kansia ::978.3 Dacota Meridiana ::978.4 Dacota Septentrionalis ::978.7 Vyomina ::978.8 Coloratum :979 Ora Occidentalis Civitatum Foederatarum ::979.3 Nivata ::979.4 California :::979.40 Generalia: 979.402 Saecula 16–18 :::979.46 Regio Sinuosa Franciscopolis ::979.6 Idahum ::979.7 Vasingtonia :: 979.77 Regio Sinus Puget ::979.8 Alasca 98 AMERICA AVSTRALIS :980 Generalia: Historia Americae Australis, Historia Americae Latinae ::980.0 Generalia :: 980.02 Certamina libertatis :981 Brasilia :982 Argentina: Historia Argentinae :983 Tsilia :984 Bolivia: Historia Boliviae ::984.1 Culturae praecolumbianae :985 Peruvia: Historia Peruviae :986 Columbia, Aequatoria, Panama ::986.1 Columbia ::986.2 Panama ::986.3 Canalis Panamensis ::986.6 Aequatoria :987 Venetiolae :988 Guiana, Guiana Francica, Surinamia ::988.1 Guiana: Historia Guianae :989 Paraguaia, Uruquaria ::989.2 Paraguaia: Historia Paraguaiae 99 REGIONES ALIAE :990 Oceania et regiones polares- :993 Australasia :994 Australia ::994.0 Generalia: ::994.2 Australia Australis & Territorium Septentrionale :::994.23 Australia Australis ::994.3 Terra Reginae :::994.38 Paeninsula Capitis Eboraci ::994.5 Victoria :995 Melanesia ::995.3 Papua Nova Guinea ::995.9 Generalia :::995.95 Vanuatu :::995.97 :996 Oceania remota (Polynesia, Micronesia, pars Melanesiae)< ::996.1 Polynesia Occidentalis, &c. :::996.14 Samoa :::996.18 Pitcairn, Rapanui, &c :::996.1x: Niue; Uvea ::996.2 Insulae Societatis, Insulae Australes, Insulae Cookianae ::996.4 Kiribati ::996.6 Insulae Carolinae et Palau ::996.8 Insulae Marsalienses et Kiribati :::996.82 Tuvalu :::996.83 Insulae Marsalienses :::996.85 Nauru ::996.9 Havaii Insulae 996.93 Oahu :998 Regiones polares ::998.1 Arctica ::998.2 Groenlandia ::998.9 Antarctica--> {{div col end}}<br> <center><big><font color="purple">'''COMMENTARII MENSE ET ORDINE ALPHABETICO DIGESTI'''</font></big></center> '''IANVARIVS''' (34): ''[[Acherontia (lepidoptera)]]'' 595, [[Acherontiini]] 595, ''[[Adaina]]'' 595, ''[[Adaina atahualpa]]'' 595, [[California Inferior (paeninsula)]]‰ 917, [[Castor et Pollux]]± 292, ''[[Emmelina]]'' 595, ''[[Emmelina jason]]'' 595, ''[[Euproserpinus]]'' 595, ''[[Euproserpinus phaeton]]'' 595, [[Fauces Caecae]] 917, [[Fauces Captivae]] 917, [[Fretum Yucatanense]]‰ 917, ''[[Hellinsia]]'' 595, ''[[Hellinsia falsus]]'' 595, ''[[Hellinsia pan]]'' 595, ''[[Hellinsia pollux]]'' 595, ''[[Hellinsia thor]]'' 595, ''[[Hellinsia tupaci]]'' 595, [[Inclinatio]]‰± 303, [[Macroglossinae]] 595, [[Macroglossini]] 595, [[Museum Solitarium]]‰± 708, [[Natrii chloridum]]‰± 546, ''[[Oidaematophorus eupatorii]]'' 595, [[Paeninsula Antarctica]]‰ 919, [[Paeninsula Yucatanensis]]‰ 917, [[Parodia]]‰± 808, [[Planities Columbiana]] 917, [[Pterophoridae]] 595, [[Pterophorinae]] 595, ''[[Sphinx (genus)]]'' 595, ''[[Sphinx sequoiae]]'' 595, [[Subcontinens Indica]]‰ 915 '''FEBRVARIVS''' (12): [[Bahiensis]] 918, [[Cherokeenses]]‰± 973, [[Colles Nigri]]‰ 917, [[Dacota Meridiana]]± 917, [[Flumen Grande]]‰ 917, [[Insula Maraiensis]]‰ 918, [[Mexicum Septentrionale]] 917, [[Monumentum Nationale Marinum Papahānaumokuākea]]‰ 919, [[Paryadres]]± 956, [[Rhombus (geometria)]]‰ 516, [[Sal]]‰ 553, [[Systema periodicum]]‰± 546 '''MARTIVS''' (14): [[Amperium (unitas)]]‰ 621, ''[[Arachis hypogaea]]''‰ 583, [[Bipaliinae]] 592, [[Carota (holus radicale)]]‰ 583, ''[[Daucus]]'' 583, ''[[Daucus pusillus]]'' 583, [[Geoplanidae]] 592, [[Geoplanoidea]] 592, ''[[Humbertium]]'' 592, ''[[Humbertium covidum]]'' 593, [[Limax]]‰ 594, [[Radix palaris]] 581, ''[[Syllipsimopodi bideni]]'' 564, [[77 (numerus)]] 512 '''APRILIS''' (15): [[Chemotherapia]]‰± 616, [[Familia Song]]‰± 951, [[Foedus Summorum Athletarum UEFA]]‰ 796, [[Formula 1]]‰ 796, [[Ingenium (machina)]]‰ 621, [[JavaScript]]‰ 005, [[Conradus Lorenz]]‰± 156, [[Lusus magnetoscopicus]]‡‰± 794, [[Magazina]]‰ 050, [[Oleum (generale)]]‰ 547, [[Scientia civilis]]‰ 320, [[Terra Ignium]]±‰ 918, [[Theoria relativitatis]]‰ 530, [[Tholus vulcanicus]]‰ 551, [[Umbrella descensoria]]‰± 629 '''MAIVS.''' [[Mahometus Ali Ağca]]± 923, [[AK-47]]± 355, [[Alchemia]]‰± 540, [[Apenninus]]‰± 914, [[Altiplanum]]‰ 918, [[Athena]]‰ 292, [[Aves]]‡‰± 598, [[Theda Bara]]± 791, [[Etymologia]]‰± 412, [[Exploratio]]‰ 910, [[Habilitas physica]]‰ 613, [[Indonesia]]‡‰± 959, [[Michael Jackson]]‡‰± 782, [[Lalibela]]‰ 963, [[Momentum]]‰ 531, [[Nigeria]]‡‰± 966, [[Edgarus Allanus Poe]]‰± 818, [[Urna]] 749, [[Vietnamia]]‡‰± 959, [[Howardus Zinn]] 973<!-- '''IVNIVS.''' '''IVLIVS.''' '''AVGVSTVS.''' '''SEPTEMBER.''' '''OCTOBER.''' '''NOVEMBER.''' '''DECEMBER.''' <!-- In dies 8 Ianuarii 808 [[Parodia]]‰± 6690 10 Ianuarii 546 [[Natrii chloridum]]‰± 2086 12 Ianuarii 708.7 [[Museum Solitarium]]‰± 4530 13 Ianuarii 303.385 [[Inclinatio]]‰± 2749 18 Ianuarii 915.4 [[Subcontinens Indica]]‰ 9545 20 Ianuarii 917.26 [[Fretum Yucatanense]]‰ 2613 917.26 [[Paeninsula Yucatanensis]]‰ 9150 22 Ianuarii 919.89 [[Paeninsula Antarctica]]‰ 15523 23 Ianuarii 917.22 [[California Inferior (paeninsula)]]‰ 4523 24 Ianuarii 595.78 [[Acherontiini]] 1176 595.78 ''[[Emmelina]]'' 1642 595.78 ''[[Emmelina jason]]'' 1789 595.78 ''[[Euproserpinus]]'' 1853 595.78 ''[[Euproserpinus phaeton]]'' 2905 595.78 ''[[Hellinsia]]'' 15268 595.78 ''[[Hellinsia falsus]]'' 3034 595.78 ''[[Hellinsia thor]]'' 2077 595.78 ''[[Hellinsia tupaci]]'' 1814 595.78 [[Macroglossinae]] 1481 595.78 [[Macroglossini]] 6958 595.78 ''[[Oidaematophorus eupatorii]]'' 3013 595.78 [[Pterophoridae]] 11168 595.78 [[Pterophorinae]] 5917 595.78 ''[[Sphinx (genus)]]'' 4914 595.78 ''[[Sphinx sequoiae]]'' 3198 25 Ianuarii 292.13 [[Castor et Pollux]]± 2066 595.78 ''[[Acherontia (lepidoptera)]]'' 3292 595.78 ''[[Adaina]]'' 2235 595.78 ''[[Adaina atahualpa]]'' 1783 595.78 ''[[Hellinsia pan]]'' 2426 595.78 ''[[Hellinsia pollux]]'' 2537 31 Ianuarii 917.59 [[Fauces Caecae]] 1225 917.59 [[Fauces Captivae]] 768 917.9 [[Planities Columbiana]] 2710 1 Februarii 917.83 [[Colles Nigri]]‰ 8572 917.83 [[Dacota Meridiana]]± 1437 2 Februarii 919.69 [[Monumentum Nationale Marinum Papahānaumokuākea]]‰ 8253 3 Februarii 918.1 [[Bahiensis]] 3956 4 Februarii 918.1 [[Insula Maraiensis]]‰ 5240 6 Februarii 956.1 [[Paryadres]]± 2190 9 Februarii 917.0 [[Flumen Grande]]‰ 8146 917.2 [[Mexicum Septentrionale]] 3844 17 Februarii 546.8 [[Systema periodicum]] 1K(#) + ‰± 2500 18 Februarii 973.04975 [[Cherokeenses]]‰± 4318 19 Februarii 553.63 [[Sal]]‰ 6429 20 Februarii 516.22 [[Rhombus (geometria)]]‰ 3197 2 Martii 583.9882 [[Carota (holus radicale)]]‰ 8078 583.9882 ''[[Daucus]]'' 4350 3 Martii 581.4 [[Radix palaris]] 3108 583.73 ''[[Arachis hypogaea]]'' 4275 583.9882 ''[[Daucus pusillus]]'' 3438 4 Martii 512.72 [[77 (numerus)|77]] 6668 5 Martii 592.4 [[Bipaliinae]] 3205 592.4 [[Geoplanidae]] 6087 592.4 [[Geoplanoidea]] 2899 592.4 ''[[Humbertium]]'' 4129 592.4 ''[[Humbertium covidum]]'' 3506 9 Martii 564 ''[[Syllipsimopodi bideni]]'' 2643 19 Martii 621.37 [[Amperium (unitas)]]‰ 4216 27 Martii 594.3 Gastropoda: [[Limax]]‰ 27077 1 Aprilis 320 [[Scientia civilis]]‰ 17083 2 Aprilis 796.334 [[Foedus Summorum Athletarum UEFA]]‰ 3559 3 Aprilis 050 [[Magazina]]‰ 5574 5 Aprilis 530.11 [[Theoria relativitatis]]‰ 7717 9 Aprilis 796.72 [[Formula 1]]‰ 3684 10 Aprilis 547.2 [[Oleum (generale)]]‰ 2964 918.02 [[Terra Ignium]]‰± 14289 11 Aprilis 794.8 [[Lusus magnetoscopicus]]‡‰± 8300 12 Aprilis 621.8 [[Ingenium (machina)]]‰ 4755 15 Aprilis 156.092 [[Conradus Lorenz]]‰± 3153 951.024 [[Familia Song]]‰± 11468 16 Aprilis 629.13438 [[Umbrella descensoria]]‰± 3643 20 Aprilis 005.27 [[JavaScript]]‰ 3485 22 Aprilis 616.994061 [[Chemotherapia]]‰± 1831 28 Aprilis 551.21 [[Tholus vulcanicus]]‰ 5736 5 Maii 540.1 [[Alchemia]]‰± 7211 6 Maii 910 [[Exploratio]]‰ 3975 8 Maii 598 [[Aves]]‡‰± 8780 9 Maii 923.41 [[Mahometus Ali Ağca]]± 1788 10 Maii 531 [[Momentum]]‰ 3663 11 Maii 959.8 [[Indonesia]]‡‰± 6124 13 Maii 959.7 [[Vietnamia]]‡‰± 5434 14 Maii 966.9 [[Nigeria]]‡‰± 3358 15 Maii 749 [[Urna]] 1971 16 Maii 292.13 [[Athena]]‰ 22191 18 Maii 782.42166092 [[Michael Jackson]]‡‰± 5322 23 Maii 918 [[Altiplanum]]‰ 8865 25 Maii 613.7 [[Habilitas physica]]‰ 4154 914.5 [[Apenninus]]‰± 5190 26 Maii 412 [[Etymologia]]‰± 5659 27 Maii 818.309 [[Edgarus Allanus Poe]]‰± 12371 28 Maii 791.43028092 [[Theda Bara]]± 2682 973.07202 [[Huardus Zinn]]± 3734 29 Maii 355.824 [[AK-47]]± 1806 31 Maii 963.4 [[Lalibela]]‰ 634 --> n0123wd660xt25b7dgzv21ncm0mgvdx 0 303478 3700183 3699074 2022-08-28T07:59:22Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Maestri, Michelangelo - Busto di Bacco - 1850.jpg|thumb|Deus Dionysus secundum Michelangelum Maestri.]] '''Dionysia''' erant feriae Graecae antiquae quotannis in [[Bacchus|Dionysi]] honorem celebratae. [[Athenae|Athenis]] distinguebantur '''Dionysia Rustica'''<ref>= τὰ κατ᾽ ἀγροὺς Διονύσια.</ref> mense [[Calendarium Atticum|Posideone]] (Decembri circiter) in [[Demos|demis]] agrestibus celebratae et '''Dionysia Magna''' in urbe mense Elaphobelione (Martio circiter) celebratae. Ob tragoediarum et comoediarum certamina quibus interfuerunt inter alios [[Aeschylus]], [[Sophocles]], [[Euripides]], [[Aristophanes]] etc. maxime notae sunt. == Dionysia rustica == Puella Canephora pompam ducebat quae [[Phallus|phallum]] per agros portabat. Iuvenum comissationes fortasse [[Persona|personatae]] vias percurrebant saltantes, canentes obscoenisque ludibriis praetereuntes lacessentes<ref>[[Aristophanes|Aristophanes]], ''[[Acharnenses]]'' 241-262. Cf H. Jeanmaire (1951) pp.40-3. Robertus Flacelière, ''La Vie quotidienne en Grèce ancienne du temps de Périclès'', Payot, 1959 p.248. </ref>. A quinto saeculo a.C.n. in nonnullis demis fabulae scaenicae quoque agebantur. == Magna Dionysia == Magna Dionysia per sex dies celebrabantur, e die octavo mensis [[Calendarium Atticum|Elaphobolii]] ad diem tertium decimum. Primo die pompa Dionysiaca traducebatur, secundo [[Dithyrambus|dithyrambis]] certabant [[Poësis lyrica|poetae lyrici]], tertio comoediarum certamen fiebatː tres poetae (atque postea nonnumquam quinque) certabant qui unam quisque comoediam eodem die proferebant. Sequentibus diebus tragoediarum certamen fiebatː unusquisque e tribus poetis tragicis ab [[Archon|archontibus]] selectis tetralogiam per totum diem proferebat, hoc est tres tragoedias et unum [[Fabula satyrica|drama satyricum]]. Ludis scaenicis igitur maximam partem constabant Magna Dionysia. Hiems recedens et ver accedens antiquitus tum celebrabantur. Fabulae intra Dionysi Eleutheri fanum agebantur in theatro in [[Acropolis Athenarum|Acropolis]] clivo aedificato. Dei altare media [[Orchestra|orchestra]] stabat et Dionysi sacerdos caerimoniis praesidebat. Multi peregrini ex aliis civitatibus venientes spectacula illa frequentabant. Victores hedera coronabantur tam choregi qui chorum conducebant et protagonistae qui primas partes agebant quam ipsi poetae qui musicam et textum componebant<ref>Robertus Flacelière, ''op. laud.'' pp.250-7.</ref>. Non minus civicae quam religiosae illae feriae erantː nam totus populus coibat et tragicum ante certamen praeco civitatis pupillos si qui ad [[ephebus|ephebicam]] aetatem pervenerant [[Hoplites|hoplitae]] [[Panoplia (discretiva)|panoplia]] instructos argento publico eis donata in scaenam proferebat<ref>[[Aeschines|Aeschines]], ''Contra Ctesiphontem'' 153-4.</ref>. Etenim pueri eorum qui pro patria bello perierant publice educabantur. ==Notae== <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *H. Jeanmaire, ''Dionysos, histoire du culte de Bacchus'', Payot, 1951. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1953_num_55_1_4897_t1_0162_0000_2 Recensio critica Roberti Flacelière][https://www.persee.fr/doc/rhr_0035-1423_1972_num_181_1_9819 Altera recensio critica] *Eugen Petersen, ''Über die Preisrichter der Grossen Dionysien zu Athen'', [[Dorpatum|Dorpat]], 1878 *Arthur Pickard-Cambridge, ''The Dramatic Festivals of Athens'', Oxonii, Clarendon Press, 1968 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1968_num_37_2_1530_t1_0669_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Carl A. P. Ruck, ''IG II² 2323 : the list of the victors in comedies at the Dionysia'', Lugduni Batavorum, 1967 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=VP0UAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud guglum librorum] [[Categoria:Feriae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Athenae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Bacchus]] [[Categoria:Religio Graeca]] 08ym8g6ed0fwpwv79taowskbowrvfzi 3700184 3700183 2022-08-28T08:00:38Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Maestri, Michelangelo - Busto di Bacco - 1850.jpg|thumb|Deus Dionysus secundum Michelangelum Maestri.]] '''Dionysia''' erant feriae Graecae antiquae quotannis in [[Bacchus|Dionysi]] honorem celebratae. [[Athenae|Athenis]] distinguebantur '''Dionysia Rustica'''<ref>= τὰ κατ᾽ ἀγροὺς Διονύσια.</ref> mense [[Calendarium Atticum|Posideone]] (Decembri circiter) in [[Demos|demis]] agrestibus celebratae et '''Dionysia Magna''' in urbe mense Elaphobelione (Martio circiter) celebratae. Ob tragoediarum et comoediarum certamina quibus interfuerunt inter alios [[Aeschylus]], [[Sophocles]], [[Euripides]], [[Aristophanes]] etc. maxime notae sunt. == Dionysia rustica == Puella Canephora pompam ducebat quae [[Phallus|phallum]] per agros portabat. Iuvenum comissationes fortasse [[Persona|personatae]] vias percurrebant saltantes, canentes obscoenisque ludibriis praetereuntes lacessentes<ref>[[Aristophanes|Aristophanes]], ''[[Acharnenses]]'' 241-262. Cf H. Jeanmaire (1951) pp.40-3. Robertus Flacelière, ''La Vie quotidienne en Grèce ancienne du temps de Périclès'', Payot, 1959 p.248. </ref>. A quinto saeculo a.C.n. in nonnullis demis fabulae scaenicae quoque agebantur. == Magna Dionysia == Magna Dionysia per sex dies celebrabantur, e die octavo mensis [[Calendarium Atticum|Elaphobolii]] ad diem tertium decimum. Primo die pompa Dionysiaca traducebatur, secundo [[Dithyrambus|dithyrambis]] certabant [[Poësis lyrica|poetae lyrici]], tertio comoediarum certamen fiebatː tres poetae (atque postea nonnumquam quinque) certabant qui unam quisque comoediam eodem die proferebant. Sequentibus diebus tragoediarum certamen fiebatː unusquisque e tribus poetis tragicis ab [[Archon|archontibus]] selectis tetralogiam per totum diem proferebat, hoc est tres tragoedias et unum [[Fabula satyrica|drama satyricum]]. Ludis scaenicis igitur maximam partem constabant Magna Dionysia. Hiems recedens et ver accedens antiquitus tum celebrabantur. Fabulae intra Dionysi Eleutheri fanum agebantur in theatro in [[Acropolis Athenarum|Acropolis]] clivo aedificato. Dei altare media [[Orchestra|orchestra]] stabat et Dionysi sacerdos caerimoniis praesidebat. Multi peregrini ex aliis civitatibus venientes spectacula illa frequentabant. Victores hedera coronabantur tam choregi qui chorum conducebant et protagonistae qui primas partes agebant quam ipsi poetae qui musicam et textum componebant<ref>Robertus Flacelière, ''op. laud.'' pp.250-7.</ref>. Non minus civicae quam religiosae illae feriae erantː nam totus populus coibat et tragicum ante certamen praeco civitatis pupillos si qui ad [[ephebus|ephebicam]] aetatem pervenerant [[Hoplites|hoplitae]] [[Panoplia (discretiva)|panoplia]] instructos argento publico eis donata in scaenam proferebat<ref>[[Aeschines|Aeschines]], ''Contra Ctesiphontem'' 153-4.</ref>. Etenim pueri eorum qui pro patria bello perierant publice educabantur. ==Notae== <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *H. Jeanmaire, ''Dionysos, histoire du culte de Bacchus'', Payot, 1951. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1953_num_55_1_4897_t1_0162_0000_2 Recensio critica Roberti Flacelière][https://www.persee.fr/doc/rhr_0035-1423_1972_num_181_1_9819 Altera recensio critica] *Eugen Petersen, ''Über die Preisrichter der Grossen Dionysien zu Athen'', [[Dorpatum|Dorpat]], 1878 *Arthur Pickard-Cambridge, ''The Dramatic Festivals of Athens'', Oxonii, Clarendon Press, 1968 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1968_num_37_2_1530_t1_0669_0000_2 Recensio critica]ltera recensio critica] *Carl A. P. Ruck, ''IG II² 2323 : the list of the victors in comedies at the Dionysia'', Lugduni Batavorum, 1967 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=VP0UAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud guglum librorum] [[Categoria:Feriae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Athenae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Bacchus]] [[Categoria:Religio Graeca]] 4uqv32xrpscnep33s9xqz9n6vinbsk1 3700188 3700184 2022-08-28T08:11:31Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Maestri, Michelangelo - Busto di Bacco - 1850.jpg|thumb|Deus Dionysus secundum Michelangelum Maestri.]] '''Dionysia''' erant feriae Graecae antiquae quotannis in [[Bacchus|Dionysi]] honorem celebratae. [[Athenae|Athenis]] distinguebantur '''Dionysia Rustica'''<ref>= τὰ κατ᾽ ἀγροὺς Διονύσια.</ref> mense [[Calendarium Atticum|Posideone]] (Decembri circiter) in [[Demos|demis]] agrestibus celebratae et '''Dionysia Magna''' in urbe mense Elaphobelione (Martio circiter) celebratae. Ob tragoediarum et comoediarum certamina quibus interfuerunt inter alios [[Aeschylus]], [[Sophocles]], [[Euripides]], [[Aristophanes]] etc. maxime notae sunt. == Dionysia rustica == Puella Canephora pompam ducebat quae [[Phallus|phallum]] per agros portabat. Iuvenum comissationes fortasse [[Persona|personatae]] vias percurrebant saltantes, canentes obscoenisque ludibriis praetereuntes lacessentes<ref>[[Aristophanes|Aristophanes]], ''[[Acharnenses]]'' 241-262. Cf H. Jeanmaire (1951) pp.40-3. Robertus Flacelière, ''La Vie quotidienne en Grèce ancienne du temps de Périclès'', Payot, 1959 p.248. </ref>. A quinto saeculo a.C.n. in nonnullis demis fabulae scaenicae quoque agebantur. == Magna Dionysia == Magna Dionysia per sex dies celebrabantur, e die octavo mensis [[Calendarium Atticum|Elaphobolii]] ad diem tertium decimum. Primo die pompa Dionysiaca traducebatur, secundo [[Dithyrambus|dithyrambis]] certabant [[Poësis lyrica|poetae lyrici]], tertio comoediarum certamen fiebatː tres poetae (atque postea nonnumquam quinque) certabant qui unam quisque comoediam eodem die proferebant. Sequentibus diebus tragoediarum certamen fiebatː unusquisque e tribus poetis tragicis ab [[Archon|archontibus]] selectis tetralogiam per totum diem proferebat, hoc est tres tragoedias et unum [[Fabula satyrica|drama satyricum]]. Ludis scaenicis igitur maximam partem constabant Magna Dionysia. Hiems recedens et ver accedens antiquitus tum celebrabantur. Fabulae intra Dionysi Eleutheri fanum agebantur in theatro in [[Acropolis Athenarum|Acropolis]] clivo aedificato. Dei altare media [[Orchestra|orchestra]] stabat et Dionysi sacerdos caerimoniis praesidebat. Multi peregrini ex aliis civitatibus venientes spectacula illa frequentabant. Victores hedera coronabantur tam choregi qui chorum conducebant et protagonistae qui primas partes agebant quam ipsi poetae qui musicam et textum componebant<ref>Robertus Flacelière, ''op. laud.'' pp.250-7.</ref>. Non minus civicae quam religiosae illae feriae erantː nam totus populus coibat et tragicum ante certamen praeco civitatis pupillos si qui ad [[ephebus|ephebicam]] aetatem pervenerant [[Hoplites|hoplitae]] [[Panoplia (discretiva)|panoplia]] instructos argento publico eis donata in scaenam proferebat<ref>[[Aeschines|Aeschines]], ''Contra Ctesiphontem'' 153-4.</ref>. Etenim pueri eorum qui pro patria bello perierant publice educabantur. ==Notae== <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *H. Jeanmaire, ''Dionysos, histoire du culte de Bacchus'', Payot, 1951. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1953_num_55_1_4897_t1_0162_0000_2 Recensio critica Roberti Flacelière][https://www.persee.fr/doc/rhr_0035-1423_1972_num_181_1_9819 Altera recensio critica] *Eugen Petersen, ''Über die Preisrichter der Grossen Dionysien zu Athen'', [[Dorpatum|Dorpat]], 1878 *Arthur Pickard-Cambridge, ''The Dramatic Festivals of Athens'', Oxonii, Clarendon Press, 1968 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1968_num_37_2_1530_t1_0669_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1954_num_23_1_3238_t1_0225_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] *Carl A. P. Ruck, ''IG II² 2323 : the list of the victors in comedies at the Dionysia'', Lugduni Batavorum, 1967 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=VP0UAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud guglum librorum] [[Categoria:Feriae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Athenae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Bacchus]] [[Categoria:Religio Graeca]] aom0izd8fb2ztfpev53k78czk00y3ia 0 303692 3700126 3699897 2022-08-27T20:31:17Z Andrew Dalby 1084 in progressu wikitext text/x-wiki {{In progressu}} '''Caseus Cantalinus''', '''Salernensis''' et '''de Gleola''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Cantal'', ''Salers'', ''Laguiole'') sunt varietates [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventae. Cantalinus a monte praefecturaque [[Mons Cantalinus|Cantalino]] appellatur, Salernensis ab oppido [[Salernum (Francia)|Salerno]], caseus de Gleola ab oppido de [[Gleola]] praefecturae [[Avario (praefectura Franciae)|Avarionis]]. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== Caseus sub nominibus ''Cantal'', ''[[Fourme de Cantal]]'', ''[[Cantalet]]'' in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri. Hoc caseus ab anno [[1956]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabat. Casei nominibus ''Laguiole'' et ''Salers'' taliter ab anno [[1961]] appellationem portabant. Hi casei ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. == Bibliographia == * Angelique Chrisafis, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/13/production-french-salers-cheese-halted-drought Production of French salers cheese halted due to drought]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (13 Augusti 2022) ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Commonscat|Cantal (cheese)|Cantal (caseus)}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] t3zn15wr8agpeu2s34p9dikolngio6y 3700130 3700126 2022-08-27T20:34:41Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In progressu}} '''Caseus Salernensis''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Salers'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido [[Salernum (Francia)|Salerno]] praefecturae [[Mons Cantalinus|montis Cantalini]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== Caseus sub nominibus ''Cantal'', ''[[Fourme de Cantal]]'', ''[[Cantalet]]'' in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri. Hoc caseus ab anno [[1956]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabat. Casei nominibus ''Laguiole'' et ''Salers'' taliter ab anno [[1961]] appellationem portabant. Hi casei ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. == Bibliographia == * Angelique Chrisafis, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/13/production-french-salers-cheese-halted-drought Production of French salers cheese halted due to drought]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (13 Augusti 2022) ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] hysw1hp1njxncndwxtocfhqp20k6835 3700131 3700130 2022-08-27T20:34:58Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Salernum (Francia)]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{In progressu}} '''Caseus Salernensis''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Salers'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido [[Salernum (Francia)|Salerno]] praefecturae [[Mons Cantalinus|montis Cantalini]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== Caseus sub nominibus ''Cantal'', ''[[Fourme de Cantal]]'', ''[[Cantalet]]'' in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri. Hoc caseus ab anno [[1956]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabat. Casei nominibus ''Laguiole'' et ''Salers'' taliter ab anno [[1961]] appellationem portabant. Hi casei ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. == Bibliographia == * Angelique Chrisafis, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/13/production-french-salers-cheese-halted-drought Production of French salers cheese halted due to drought]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (13 Augusti 2022) ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Salernum (Francia)]] jd8sqamj2t5xj8cww73leq7mt8jx3hv 3700136 3700131 2022-08-27T20:44:08Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In progressu}} [[Fasciculus:Tradition-Salers.jpg|thumb|Forma casei Salernensis]] '''Caseus Salernensis''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Salers'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido [[Salernum (Francia)|Salerno]] praefecturae [[Mons Cantalinus|montis Cantalini]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== [[Fasciculus:Salers (fromage) 04.jpg|thumb|Caseus Salernensis vetulus]] Caseus sub nominibus ''Cantal'', ''[[Fourme de Cantal]]'', ''[[Cantalet]]'' in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri. Hoc caseus ab anno [[1956]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabat. Casei nominibus ''Laguiole'' et ''Salers'' taliter ab anno [[1961]] appellationem portabant. Hi casei ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. == Bibliographia == * Angelique Chrisafis, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/13/production-french-salers-cheese-halted-drought Production of French salers cheese halted due to drought]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (13 Augusti 2022) ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Salernum (Francia)]] d9mw7vau6sbxktnzao7vg16temwe0vn 3700138 3700136 2022-08-27T20:49:42Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Tradition-Salers.jpg|thumb|Forma casei Salernensis]] '''Caseus Salernensis''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Salers'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido [[Salernum (Francia)|Salerno]] praefecturae [[Mons Cantalinus|montis Cantalini]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== [[Fasciculus:Salers (fromage) 04.jpg|thumb|Caseus Salernensis vetulus]] Caseus sub nomine ''Salers'' taliter ab anno [[1961]] appellationem Francicam portabat; ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. == Bibliographia == * Angelique Chrisafis, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/13/production-french-salers-cheese-halted-drought Production of French salers cheese halted due to drought]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (13 Augusti 2022) ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Salernum (Francia)]] f2nxrj2gnl35rdkzmx62eaf3pflizqg 3700139 3700138 2022-08-27T20:49:59Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Tradition-Salers.jpg|thumb|Forma casei Salernensis]] '''Caseus Salernensis''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Salers'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido [[Salernum (Francia)|Salerno]] praefecturae [[Mons Cantalinus|montis Cantalini]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== [[Fasciculus:Salers (fromage) 04.jpg|thumb|Caseus Salernensis vetulus]] Caseus sub nomine ''Salers''ab anno [[1961]] appellationem Francicam portabat; ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. == Bibliographia == * Angelique Chrisafis, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/13/production-french-salers-cheese-halted-drought Production of French salers cheese halted due to drought]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (13 Augusti 2022) ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Salernum (Francia)]] kjns8rtcv0d194s4b9h2rrko9yrins6 3700143 3700139 2022-08-27T20:55:13Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Tradition-Salers.jpg|thumb|Forma casei Salernensis]] '''Caseus Salernensis'''{{Convertimus}} ([[Francogallice]] ''Salers'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido [[Salernum (Francia)|Salerno]] praefecturae [[Mons Cantalinus|montis Cantalini]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== [[Fasciculus:Salers (fromage) 04.jpg|thumb|Caseus Salernensis vetulus]] Caseus sub nomine ''Salers''ab anno [[1961]] appellationem Francicam portabat; ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Angelique Chrisafis, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/13/production-french-salers-cheese-halted-drought Production of French salers cheese halted due to drought]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (13 Augusti 2022) ==Nexus externi== {{Commonscat|Salers (cheese)|caseum Salernensem}} *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Salernum (Francia)]] 1x6okl97cogahy4uuppajbomk5pj6vk 0 303694 3700125 3699903 2022-08-27T20:31:02Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Removed redirect to [[Caseus Cantalinus]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{In progressu}} '''Caseus Cantalinus''', '''Salernensis''' et '''de Gleola''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Cantal'', ''Salers'', ''Laguiole'') sunt varietates [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventae. Cantalinus a monte praefecturaque [[Mons Cantalinus|Cantalino]] appellatur, Salernensis ab oppido [[Salernum (Francia)|Salerno]], caseus de Gleola ab oppido de [[Gleola]] praefecturae [[Avario (praefectura Franciae)|Avarionis]]. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== Caseus sub nominibus ''Cantal'', ''[[Fourme de Cantal]]'', ''[[Cantalet]]'' in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri. Hoc caseus ab anno [[1956]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabat. Casei nominibus ''Laguiole'' et ''Salers'' taliter ab anno [[1961]] appellationem portabant. Hi casei ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. == Bibliographia == * Angelique Chrisafis, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/13/production-french-salers-cheese-halted-drought Production of French salers cheese halted due to drought]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (13 Augusti 2022) ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Commonscat|Cantal (cheese)|Cantal (caseus)}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] t3zn15wr8agpeu2s34p9dikolngio6y 3700127 3700125 2022-08-27T20:32:31Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In progressu}} '''Caseus de Gleola''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Laguiole'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido de [[Gleola]] praefecturae [[Avario (praefectura Franciae)|Avarionis]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== Caseus sub nominibus ''Cantal'', ''[[Fourme de Cantal]]'', ''[[Cantalet]]'' in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri. Hoc caseus ab anno [[1956]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabat. Casei nominibus ''Laguiole'' et ''Salers'' taliter ab anno [[1961]] appellationem portabant. Hi casei ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Commonscat|Cantal (cheese)|Cantal (caseus)}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] m9kr1794eo46v0v5yet5jzsy7t7wu1g 3700128 3700127 2022-08-27T20:32:41Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Gleola]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{In progressu}} '''Caseus de Gleola''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Laguiole'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido de [[Gleola]] praefecturae [[Avario (praefectura Franciae)|Avarionis]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== Caseus sub nominibus ''Cantal'', ''[[Fourme de Cantal]]'', ''[[Cantalet]]'' in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri. Hoc caseus ab anno [[1956]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabat. Casei nominibus ''Laguiole'' et ''Salers'' taliter ab anno [[1961]] appellationem portabant. Hi casei ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Commonscat|Cantal (cheese)|Cantal (caseus)}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Gleola]] pagual3ux2p97au5amt9kuw1l20jkaw 3700135 3700128 2022-08-27T20:41:18Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In progressu}} [[Fasciculus:Laguiole SISQA 2013 3.JPG|thumb|Forma casei de Gleola]] '''Caseus de Gleola''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Laguiole'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido de [[Gleola]] praefecturae [[Avario (praefectura Franciae)|Avarionis]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== [[Fasciculus:Laguiole (cheese).jpg|thumb|Segmentum casei de Gleola]] Caseus sub nominibus ''Cantal'', ''[[Fourme de Cantal]]'', ''[[Cantalet]]'' in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri. Hoc caseus ab anno [[1956]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabat. Casei nominibus ''Laguiole'' et ''Salers'' taliter ab anno [[1961]] appellationem portabant. Hi casei ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Commonscat|Cantal (cheese)|Cantal (caseus)}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Gleola]] 7txmgc3jo2yt3o8hv2zzvqpku6vxqej 3700140 3700135 2022-08-27T20:50:32Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Laguiole SISQA 2013 3.JPG|thumb|Forma casei de Gleola]] '''Caseus de Gleola''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Laguiole'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido de [[Gleola]] praefecturae [[Avario (praefectura Franciae)|Avarionis]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== [[Fasciculus:Laguiole (cheese).jpg|thumb|Segmentum casei de Gleola]] Caseus sub nomine ''Laguiole'' ab anno [[1961]] appellationem Francicam portabant. Hi casei ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Commonscat|Cantal (cheese)|Cantal (caseus)}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Gleola]] 1uzctj9u9ahvo38ncy6boeb1xh2jga0 3700141 3700140 2022-08-27T20:51:25Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Laguiole SISQA 2013 3.JPG|thumb|Forma casei de Gleola]] '''Caseus de Gleola''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Laguiole'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido de [[Gleola]] praefecturae [[Avario (praefectura Franciae)|Avarionis]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== [[Fasciculus:Laguiole (cheese).jpg|thumb|Segmentum casei de Gleola]] Caseus sub nomine ''Laguiole'' ab anno [[1961]] appellationem Francicam portabant. Hi casei ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Commonscat|Laguiole (cheese)|caseum de Gleola}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Gleola]] 55or01l3co6pixnhs6210cgv0cl9i0a 3700191 3700141 2022-08-28T08:28:29Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Laguiole SISQA 2013 3.JPG|thumb|Forma casei de Gleola]] '''Caseus de Gleola'''{{Convertimus}} ([[Francogallice]] ''Laguiole'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido de [[Gleola]] praefecturae [[Avario (praefectura Franciae)|Avarionis]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== [[Fasciculus:Laguiole (cheese).jpg|thumb|Segmentum casei de Gleola]] Caseus sub nomine ''Laguiole'' ab anno [[1961]] appellationem Francicam portabant. Hi casei ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. == Notae == <references /> ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Commonscat|Laguiole (cheese)|caseum de Gleola}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Gleola]] h0p19d2j9mpbj795jap0o8heo3qdg05 3700192 3700191 2022-08-28T08:29:04Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Laguiole SISQA 2013 3.JPG|thumb|upright=1.25|Forma casei de Gleola]] '''Caseus de Gleola'''{{Convertimus}} ([[Francogallice]] ''Laguiole'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido de [[Gleola]] praefecturae [[Avario (praefectura Franciae)|Avarionis]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== [[Fasciculus:Laguiole (cheese).jpg|thumb|Segmentum casei de Gleola]] Caseus sub nomine ''Laguiole'' ab anno [[1961]] appellationem Francicam portabant. Hi casei ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. == Notae == <references /> ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Commonscat|Laguiole (cheese)|caseum de Gleola}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Gleola]] qx4yclo1ie0hxg0y29yx8faofw90hul 3700193 3700192 2022-08-28T08:29:30Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Laguiole (cheese).jpg|thumb|Segmentum casei de Gleola]] '''Caseus de Gleola'''{{Convertimus}} ([[Francogallice]] ''Laguiole'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido de [[Gleola]] praefecturae [[Avario (praefectura Franciae)|Avarionis]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== [[Fasciculus:Laguiole SISQA 2013 3.JPG|thumb|upright=1.25|Forma casei de Gleola]] Caseus sub nomine ''Laguiole'' ab anno [[1961]] appellationem Francicam portabant. Hi casei ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent. == Notae == <references /> ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Commonscat|Laguiole (cheese)|caseum de Gleola}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Gleola]] 5nr9hc93vssi0bm0a23i16wnkey787h 3700194 3700193 2022-08-28T08:30:13Z Andrew Dalby 1084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Laguiole (cheese).jpg|thumb|Segmentum casei de Gleola]] '''Caseus de Gleola'''{{Convertimus}} ([[Francogallice]] ''Laguiole'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventa. Ab oppido de [[Gleola]] praefecturae [[Avario (praefectura Franciae)|Avarionis]] appellatur. ==Appellatio Originis Protecta== [[Fasciculus:Laguiole SISQA 2013 3.JPG|thumb|upright=1.25|Forma casei de Gleola]] Caseus sub nomine ''Laguiole'' ab anno [[1961]] appellationem Francicam portabat. Hi casei ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habet. == Notae == <references /> ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}} {{Commonscat|Laguiole (cheese)|caseum de Gleola}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Francici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Gleola]] qxwy6vnxng8ipb8x6u2f1f3rmgs8ggs 3 303698 3699982 2022-08-27T12:09:21Z Kadaj792 159549 /* 怪談「カーナビ」 */ nova pars wikitext text/x-wiki == 怪談「カーナビ」 == ある、金曜の夜の事だったんですけど、仕事が終わった後、ラーメンでも食べたいな～なんて思いまして。 どうせならちょっと遠くのラーメン屋さんに行こうかと。いうわけで車に乗った訳です。 ナビに住所入れて、さあ出発と。しばらく走ってますと、なんかミョーに救急車とすれ違うんですよ。 あ、まあ金曜日の夜だし、飲み過ぎた奴多いのかなと。それにしては数が多い。 そうこうしているうちに、今度はナビがこんなことを言うわけです。 「この先、事故多発地点です。他の車や歩行者に注意してください。」 まあ、ナビってこういう機能あるんで、時々だったら全然気にする程の事でもないんですけど。 これも、妙に数が多い。ほんと、交差点に差し掛かるたびに、 「この先、事故多発地点です。」「この先、事故多発地点です。」 しかも、結構走ってましたから、周りって田舎道で、車とかほとんどいないんですよ。 さすがに、僕も焦りましたね。なんだか怖いなー、やばいなー、と。 でも、目的地まであと少しだったんで、そんなこと、まあ考えながらも車走らせてますと、 ようやく、「目的地に到着しました。」って、ナビが言うんです。 え？と思いました。だって、ここ、ラーメン屋さんの看板どころか、周りに何も無いんですよ。 おかしいなー、なんなんだろうなー、って。 ふっと横を見ると、そこ、移転してたんですよ。 [[Usor:Kadaj792|Kadaj792]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Kadaj792|disputatio]]) 12:09, 27 Augusti 2022 (UTC) n9p3aefhoosj4k0cpyfbd5gt8po5f7w 2 303701 3700051 2022-08-27T15:24:57Z Nicholas Wittmann-Plett 157848 Created blank page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 303702 3700061 2022-08-27T16:09:16Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Andrew Dalby movit paginam [[Nicolaus Olachus]] ad [[Nicolaus Olahus]]: lemma wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nicolaus Olahus]] 77ogdv9j0b9twm3nt70ju9tiaexdfe0 14 303703 3700114 2022-08-27T19:56:42Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Created blank page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 3700115 3700114 2022-08-27T19:56:59Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Collegium Theologicum Lichfeldense]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Categoria:Collegium Theologicum Lichfeldense]] 6p6oxontoptkabj4rry823jylf76zu3 3700116 3700115 2022-08-27T19:58:27Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Alumni academiarum theologicarum]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Categoria:Collegium Theologicum Lichfeldense]] [[Categoria:Alumni academiarum theologicarum|Lichfildia]] coj9kpvv203qu2e23pd6bnyj2a953h9 14 303704 3700117 2022-08-27T19:58:40Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Created blank page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 3700118 3700117 2022-08-27T19:58:51Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Lichfildia]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Categoria:Lichfildia]] p097sh5828kd087hz79c52sjme2haji 3700119 3700118 2022-08-27T19:59:16Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Academiae theologicae]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Categoria:Lichfildia]] [[Categoria:Academiae theologicae|Lichfildia]] 5ecycwt9530c3vcgbyuukox138wrceq 3 303706 3700196 2022-08-28T08:53:44Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Paginam instituit, scribens '== De paginis praenominum discretivis == Ave, Friderice. Sicut iam scis, paginas de praenominibus discretivas usque adhuc accepimus, si praenomen fonte fidei digno corroboratur, si modo utili lector ad paginas iam exsistentes plures conducitur. Si autem praenomen Latinum sine fonte fidei digno fingitur; si modo deceptivo cognomina cum praenomina congeruntur; si tales paginae imagines rubricasque deceptivas continent, paginae huius generis certe delebuntur. Ling...' wikitext text/x-wiki == De paginis praenominum discretivis == Ave, Friderice. Sicut iam scis, paginas de praenominibus discretivas usque adhuc accepimus, si praenomen fonte fidei digno corroboratur, si modo utili lector ad paginas iam exsistentes plures conducitur. Si autem praenomen Latinum sine fonte fidei digno fingitur; si modo deceptivo cognomina cum praenomina congeruntur; si tales paginae imagines rubricasque deceptivas continent, paginae huius generis certe delebuntur. Linguam Latinam bene sciens, distinctionem, quam hic exposui, intellegis. Salve optime -- [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:53, 28 Augusti 2022 (UTC) erjzjzb2lms7qhzy3ihhxom21v63p2h