Vicipaedia lawiki https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter Media Specialis Disputatio Usor Disputatio Usoris Vicipaedia Disputatio Vicipaediae Fasciculus Disputatio Fasciculi MediaWiki Disputatio MediaWiki Formula Disputatio Formulae Auxilium Disputatio Auxilii Categoria Disputatio Categoriae Porta Disputatio Portae Adumbratio Disputatio Adumbrationis TimedText TimedText talk Modulus Disputatio Moduli Event Event talk 0 811 3959130 3959091 2026-05-11T12:22:24Z IacobusAmor 1163 3959130 wikitext text/x-wiki '''O''' ([{{IPA|oː}}] subs. indecl.) est quarta decima vel quinta decima [[littera]] [[abecedarium|abecedarii]] sive [[alphabetum Latinum|alphabeti Latini]]. == Abbreviationes == # '''O.''' (abbrev.) = [[Optimus]], [[omnis]]. # '''O''' (abbrev.) = [[Oxygenium]]. == Nexus externi == * Michael Everson, ''[http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/index.html#1.3 The Alphabets of Europe]'' {{victionarium|O}} {{Alphabetum}} [[Categoria:Abbreviationes]] [[Categoria:Litterae abecedarii Latini]] pes2hclvc0afnci870tatyg1twubwoo 0 829 3959154 3877641 2026-05-11T15:21:08Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L-1}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Publius Vergilius Maro'''<ref>[[Orthographia falsa]] ''Virgilius'' interdum reperitur: vide [[#Fortuna|partem de fortuna]] Nomen Vergilii nonnumquam ''Virgilius'' est traditum ab hominibus qui illum magum fuisse ob eamque rem virga usum esse.</ref> (natus [[Andes (Langobardia)|Andibus]] die [[15 Octobris]] [[70 a.C.n.]]; mortuus [[Brundisium|Brundisii]] die [[21 Septembris]] [[19 a.C.n.]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Peter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JKBIrIOR4PcC&pg=PA1|title=Reading Virgil: Aeneid I and II|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=[[2011]]|isbn=978-0521768665|pages=1, 4|language=en|access-date=23 Novembris 2016}}.</ref>) fuit [[poeta]] [[res publica Romana|Romanus]], qui [[aevum|aevo]] [[litterae Augustanae (Roma antiqua)|Augustano]] [[floruit]]. Tribus innotuit [[litterae Latinae|litterarum Latinarum]] operibus maximis: [[Bucolica|Bucolicis]], [[Georgica|Georgicis]], ''[[Aeneis|Aeneide]]'' [[poesis epica|carmine heroico]]; de quibus vide infra. Praeterea nonnulla [[poema]]ta minora, in ''[[Appendix Vergiliana|Appendice Vergiliana]]'' collecta, [[antiquitas|antiquitate]] ei tribuebantur.<ref>Bunson [[2014]]: [https://books.google.com/books?id=T5tic2VunRoC&pg=PA584 584.]</ref><ref>Roberts 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Roberts|first1=John|title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0192801463|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xJ0QgAACAAJ|access-date=23 Novembris 2016|language=en|year=[[2007]]}}.</ref> ==Vita== [[Fasciculus:Opera Vergiliana 1512 tp.JPEG|thumb|upright=1.25|''Opera Vergiliana'' ab [[Iodocus Badius Ascensius|Iodoco Bado Ascensio]] anno 1512 [[Lutetia]]e edita.]] [[Andes (Langobardia)|Andibus]], prope [[Mantua]]m, [[15 Octobris|Idibus Octobribus]] anno [[70 a.C.n.]] modico genere natus est; nam [[pater]] fuit figulus, qui [[apis mellifera|apium]] [[cultura|cultu]] et adquirendis [[silva|silvis]] divitias suas auxit, [[filia]] apparitoris [[mater]] Magia Pollia. Vir erat [[corpus|corpore]] et statura grandi, aquilo [[color]]e, [[facies|facie]] rusticana.<ref>Aelius Donatus, ''Vergilii Vita.''</ref> A [[Siro|Sirone Epicureo]] [[Neapolis|Neapoli]] [[litterae|litteras]] didicit, tum [[Cremona]]e, [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]], [[Roma]]e. Honoribus valetudine varia aegrotans non studebat, nam plerumque a [[stomachus|stomacho]] et a [[fauces|faucibus]] ac [[dolor capitis|dolore capitis]] laborabat, sed [[ars poetica|arti poeticae]] [[Catullus|Catullum]] [[Lucretius|Lucretiumque]] secutus, totum se dedit. Romae [[Epidius]] [[ars rhetorica|artis rhetoricae]] doctor, qui [[G. Iulius Caesar Octavianus Augustus|Octavianum]] et [[Marcus Antonius|Antonium]] docuerat, eloquentia eum erudivit. Cum causam oraret, pavidus [[orator]] habebatur. In ''Vita Vergilii'' a [[Suetonius|Suetonio]] scriptum legimus rudimentum Vergilii artis poeticae, quod primum fuisse dicitur ''Ballistam magistrum illudens'' (''Vita Vergilii'' 3): :Monte sub hoc [[lapis|lapidum]] tegitur Ballista sepultus, ::[[Nox|Nocte]] [[dies|die]] tutum carpe, viator, iter. [[Fasciculus:RomanVirgilFolio014rVergilPortrait.jpg|thumb|Imago Vergilii [[saeculum 5|saeculo quinto]] ficta.|alt=|left]] Postquam [[Cremona]] auxilium auctoribus [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesaris]] caedis, qui anno [[42 a.C.n.|42]] apud [[Philippi|Philippos]] victi sunt, tulerat, veteranis huiusce belli sola his in locis sita, quorum in numero villa Vergilii erat, praemio data sunt. A divite Maecenate animadvertus est, a quo Vergilius satisfactionem recepit pro damno rerum suarum. Favoribus Maecenatis magnos viros Romanos  cognovit, inter quos Octavianus, qui postea ei mandavit ut Aeneida componeret. Georgicam ad Maecenatis ipsius mandatorium scripsit. Inter amicos Vergilii fuerunt [[Gaius Cornelius Gallus|C. Cornelius Gallus]] poeta (''Ecl.'' 6.64, 10 passim), [[Publius Alfenius Varus|P. Alfenius Varus]] (''Ecl.'' 6.7),<ref>P. Alfenius Varus fuit [[consul suffectus]] anno 39 a.C.n.; non agitur de [[Publius Quinctilius Varo|P. Quinctilio Varo]], qui longe minor natu fuit. V. Clausen ad ''Ecl.'' 6.6-7.</ref> [[Gaius Asinius Pollio|C. Asinius Pollio]] poeta et [[consul]], [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Q. Horatius Flaccus]] poeta, ac [[Gaius Cilnius Maecenas|Maecenas]], cui ''[[Georgica]]'' dedicavit. == Mors == Aeneïde [[compositio|composita]], circa anno [[19]] [[p.C.n.]], Vergilius in [[Asia Minor|Asiam Minorem]] [[Graecia]]mque adivit, ut suos versus poliret [[regio]]nes quas depinxerat visitando. Ibi Octavianus ei persuasit ut secum Romam rediret. In itinere autem ictu [[sol]]is affectus est, et cum Megaram pervenisset, in gravem morbum incidit. Nonnullis diebus post, a.d. XI kalendas Octobres, [[Brundisium|Brundisii]] mortuus est. Epitaphium ipse composuerat: :Mantua me genuit, Calabri rapuere, tenet nunc ::Parthenope, cecini pascua, rura, duces == Post mortem == Vergilio mortuo, [[Lucius Varius Rufus]] et [[Plotius Tucca]] ''[[Aeneis|Aeneidem]]'' edendum curaverunt. Poeta autem maluit carmen perdere, quod nondum finitum est: plures versus imperfecti manent. Structura autem et [[historia]] formam ultimam habuerunt.<ref>Anderson et Quartarone, p. 38, et Sparrow, p. 8, hoc explicant.</ref> Nam secundum ''Vitam Vergilii,'' poeta "''Aeneida'' prosa prius oratione formatam digestamque in duodecem libros particulatim componere instituit, prout liberet quidque, et nihil in ordinem arripiens. Ac ne quid impetum moraretur, quaedam imperfecta transmisit, alia levissimis verbis veluti fulsit, quae per iocum pro tibicinibus interponi aiebat ad sustinendum opus, donec solidae columnae advenirent." Hac ratione invenimus aliquos versus qui non sunt integra hexametra, ut "Hic cursus fuit" (1.534). == Fortuna == [[Fasciculus:Gustave Doré - Dante et Virgile dans le neuvième cercle de l'Enfer.jpg|thumb|Vergilius [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantae]] nonum circulum Inferni monstrat: imago a [[Gustavus Doré|Gustavo Doré]] picta.|alt=|left]] [[Fasciculus:On Homers Poetry On Virgil, copy F, c1822 Morgan Library and Museum.jpg|thumb|Pagina a [[Gulielmus Blake|Gulielmo Blake]] scripta res ''de Carminibus Homeri'' et ''de Vergilio'' continet.]] [[Fasciculus:Vergilius Vat Folio 31v.jpg|thumb|[[Vergilius Vaticanus]]: Vergilius, Aeneis, liber 3: [[Aeneas]] navem ad [[Drepanum]] in [[Sicilia]] applicat (Vat. lat. 3225, Fol. 31v, circa annum 400)]] Multi [[Christianitas|Christiani]] crediderunt eum [[Christianus|Christianum]] fuisse, quippe quo Vergilius, quarto [[Eclogae (Vergilius)|Eclogarum]] [[poema]]te, scripserat de infante qui mundum recturum esset: multi putabant illum de [[Iesus Christus|Iesu Christo]] dixisse. Homines [[Aevum Medium|Aevo Medio]] solebant, nomine [[sortes Vergilianae]], fortuitum versum ex Aeneide carpere, credentes quia revelaret quomodo viverent. Vulgari etymologià nomen poetae contextum est cum illo ramo aureo, quem [[Sibylla]] Aeneam iusserat ex arbore carpere, ut Orcum posset intrare<ref>''Aeneis'' 6.140-146</ref>, quique [[Charon (mythologia)|Charon]]ti donatus "venerabile donum fatalis virgae" dictus est.<ref>''Aeneis'' 6.408 s.</ref> ''Virgilium'' ergo poetam per totum medium aevum appellabant. [[Dantes Alagherius]] Vergilio partem dedit in [[Divina Comoedia]]: Vergilius [[narratio|narratorem]] per infernum duxit. == Dicta Vergilio tributa == ::[[Mantua]] me genuit. [[Calabria|Calabri]] rapuere. Tenet nunc ::[[Parthenope]]. Cecini pascua, rura, duces. == Vergilii opera == *''Bucolica'' sive ''[[Eclogae (Vergilius)|Eclogae X]]'' quas triennio perfecit. Sunt carmina pastoralia, similia carminibus [[Theocritus|Theocriti]] *''[[Georgica|Georgicon]]'' libri IV, qui sunt carmina didactica de [[agricultura]]; quos septem perfecit annis. *''[[Aeneis|Aeneidos]]'' libri XII. Sunt de [[Aeneas|Aenea]], viro [[Troia]]no, qui in [[Africa]]m et inde in [[Latium]] perfugit, ubi [[Lavinium]] [[urbs|urbem]] condidit; quos undecim perfecit annis. Omnia opera certissime a Vergilio scripta [[hexameter|versu hexametro]] utuntur. Carmina minora Vergilio attributa, quae nomine [[Appendix Vergiliana|Appendicis Vergilianae]] nota sunt: *"[[Culex (poema)|Culex]]" *"[[Ciris (poema)|Ciris]]" *"[[Moretum (carmen)|Moretum]]" *"[[Dirae]]" *"[[Copa]]" *"[[Catalepton]]" ([[Priapea]]) *"[[Est et non]]" *"[[Maecenas (poema)]]" *"[[Aetna (poema)]]" == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == {{Vide-etiam|Bucolica#Bibliographia|Georgica#Bibliographia|Aeneis#Bibliographia}} ; Editiones operum principalium vel omnium * 1512 : [[Iodocus Badius Ascensius]], ed., ''Opera Vergiliana docte et familiariter exposita''. 2 voll. Parisiis: ab Ioanne Parvo [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6534711p/f7.image vol. 1.][https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1520001b/f9.image vol. 2] apud ''Gallica'' ** 1517 : Lugduni: ab Iacobo Sachon [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/102300984 Editio manu tincta] apud ''Hathi Trust''. * 1636 : Daniel Heinsius, ed., ''P. Virgilii Maronis Opera nunc emendatiora''. Lugduni Batavorum: ex officina Elzeviriana {{Google Books|q29eAAAAcAAJ}} {{Google Books|vuk_AQAAMAAJ}}. * 1682 : Carolus Ruaeus, ed., ''P. Virgilii Maronis opera . . . ad usum Serenissimi Delphini''. Ed. secunda. Lutetiae: apud Simonem Benard {{Google Books|KnZAAAAAcAAJ}}. ** 1729 : Nova ed. Lutetiae: fratres Barbou {{Google Books|1cYDAAAAQAAJ}}. * 1704 : Ioannes Min-Ellius, ed. ''Pub. Virgilii Maronis opera''. Roterodami: typis Regneri Leers {{Google Books|mEhaAAAAcAAJ}}. * 1745 : Stephanus Andreas Philippe, ed., ''Publii Virgilii Maronis opera''. Lutetiae Parisiorum: sumptibus Ant. Urb. Coustelier. 3 voll. [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015063029147;view=1up;seq=12 vol. 1].[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015063029121;view=1up;seq=13 vol. 2]. [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015063029139;view=1up;seq=13 vol. 3] apud ''Hathi Trust.'' * 1757 : ''Publii Virgilii Maronis Bucolica, Georgica, et Aeneis''. Birminghamiae: typis J. Baskerville {{Google Books|FaSEoDw77I8C}}. * 1760 : ''Publii Virgilii Maronis opera argumentis et animis adversionibus illustrata''. Matriti: apud Ioachim Ibarra {{Google Books|eveXEU40ulsC}}. * 1824 : ''Publii Virgilii Maronis opera ad fidem editionis C. G. Heyne''. Londini: Harding, Mayor, et Lepard {{Google Books|Ea8NAAAAQAAJ}}. * 1829 : ''P. Virgilii Maronis opera''. Lipsiae: typis C. Tauchnitii {{Google Books|ibARAAAAIAAJ}}. * 1858 : ''P. Virgilii Maronis opera omnia''. Oxonii: Joannes Henricus et Iacobus Parker {{Google Books|ngESAAAAIAAJ}}. ; Versiones operum principalium vel omnium * 1540 : Gulielmus Michel, Octavianus de Saint-Gelais, interprr., ''Les oeuvres de Virgile translatees de latin en francoys''. Parisiis: Jehan Petit [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/102427839 Textus] apud ''Hathi Trust'' * 1830 : ''Virgil: The Eclogues translated by Wrangham, the Georgics, by Sotheby, and the Aeneid by Dryden.'' Londinii: A. J. Valpy, 1830. {{Ling|Anglice}} * 1900 : John Conington, interpr., [http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924010807760 Textus apud archive.org ''The works of Virgil, translated into English prose; with an essay on the English translators of Virgil.''] Philadelphiae: McKay. {{Ling|Anglice}} * 2006 : Kevin Murray, ed., ''Translations from Classical Literature: Imtheachta Æniasa and Stair Ercuil ocus a bás.'' Londini: Irish Texts Society, 2006. ISBN 9781870166751 {{Ling|Hibernice}} ; Eruditio * Bauzá, Hugo Francisco. ''Virgilio y su tiempo.'' Tres Cantos: Akal, 2008. ISBN 9788446024019. * Briggs, Ward W. ''Narrative and Simile from the Georgics in the Aeneid.'' Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 1980. ISBN 9004060367. * Buckham, Philip Wentworth. Joseph Spence, Edward Holdsworth, William Warburton, et John Jortin. [[1825]]. [http://books.google.com/books?id=r6jgdemPX0UC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Miscellanea+Virgiliana ''Miscellanea Virgiliana: In Scriptis Maxime Eruditorum Virorum Varie Dispersa, in Unum Fasciculum Collecta'']. Cantabrigiae: Printed for W. P. Grant. *Bunson, Matthew. [[2014]]. ''Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire.'' Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1438110271. * Comparetti, Domenico. ''Virgilio nel medio evo.'' Labrone: F. Vigo, 1872. * Cox, Fiona. [[2011]]. ''Sibylline Sisters: Virgil's Presence in Contemporary Women's Writing.'' Oxonii: Oxford University Press. * {{Fabricius Latina}} pp. 201–233. * Farrell, Joseph, et Damien P. Nelis, edd. [[2013]]. ''Augustan Poetry and the Roman Republic.'' Oxonii: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199587223. * Formicola, Crescenzo. [[2012]]. ''Virgilio: etica poetica politica.'' Neapoli: Liguori. ISBN 9788820757908. * Giebel, Marion. [[1986]]. ''Vergil: mit Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten.'' Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt. ISBN 3499503530 * Knight, W. F. Jackson. [[1939]]. ''Accentual Symmetry in Vergil.'' Oxonii: B. Blackwell. *O'Hara, James J. [[1996]]. ''True Names: Vergil and the Alexandrian Tradition of Etymological Wordplay.'' Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472106600. *Oppermann, Hans. [[1976]]. ''Wege zu Vergil: drei Jahrzehnte Begegnungen in Dichtung un Wissenschaft.'' Darmstadii: Wissenschlaftliche Buchgesellschaft. ISBN 3534008065. *Pasini, Gian Franco. [[1991]]. ''Grammatica del chiasmo in Virgilio.'' Bononiae: CLUEB. *Petrini, Mark. [[1997]]. ''The Child and the Hero: Coming of Age in Catullus and Vergil.'' Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472104608. *Polleichtner, Wolfgang. [[2009]]. ''Emotional Questions: Vergil, the Emotions, and the Transformation of Epic Poetry: an Analysis of Select Scenes.'' Augustae Treverorum: Wissehschlaftlicher Verlag Trier. ISBN 9783868211894. *Rand, Edward Kennard. [[1932]]. ''The Mediaeval Virgil.'' Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press. *Roberts, John. [[2007]]. ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0192801463. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-xJ0QgAACAAJ Google Books.] *Sparrow, John. [[1931]]. ''Half-Lines and Repetitions in Virgil.'' Oxonii: Clarendon Press. *Thomas, Richard F. [[1999]]. ''Reading Virgil and his Texts: Studies in Intertextuality.'' Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472108972. *Thomas, Richard F. [[2001]]. ''Virgil and the Augustan Reception.'' Cantabridgiae: Cambridge University Press. *Ziolkowski, Jan M., et Michael C. J. Putnam, eds. [[2008]]. [http://books.google.com/books?id=MpsPueOp8cUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''The Virgilian Tradition: The First Fifteen Hundred Years'']. Portu Novo: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300108224. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Virgil|Vergilium}} {{vicicitatio|Publius Vergilius Maro}} {{vicifons|Scriptor:Publius Vergilius Maro}} * [http://vergil.classics.upenn.edu Vergil Project] apud [[Universitas Pennsylvaniensis|Universitatem Pennsylvaniensem]] (textum, commentaria, concordantiam praebet) * [http://virgil.org Virgil.org], situs illius David Wilson-Okamura cum bibliographia * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181005162933/http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/werner_vergil.html Bibliographia] a Shirley Werner scripta * [http://www.virgilmurder.org num Vergilius occisus est?] * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/verg.html Opera omnia] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]'' * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10649/#languages=lat Manuscriptum Riccardianum]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} saec. XV apud ''World Digital Library'' {{Lifetime|70 a.C.n.|19 a.C.n.|Vergilius Maro, Publius}} [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Augustus]] [[Categoria:Epici]] [[Categoria:Mantua]] [[Categoria:Poetae didactici]] [[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Publius Vergilius Maro|!]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de re rustica]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Italiae antiquae]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Homines}} [[Categoria:Personae Divinae Comoediae]] 158tglcfxwhy4zcuj4atnwaca13574d 0 2718 3959209 3922017 2026-05-11T23:15:56Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L-1}} {{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Tabula Rei publicae Dominicianae.png|thumb|Tabula Rei publicae Dominicianae.]] [[Fasciculus:SantoDomingoedit.JPG|thumb|[[Dominicopolis]], caput Reipublicae Dominicanae]] '''Res publica Dominiciana'''<ref>[[Paulus VI]], "[https://w2.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/la/letters/1965/documents/hf_p-vi_let_19650202_in-dominiciana-republica.html In Dominiciana Republica]" (incipit epistula anni 1965). Ita "''Dominicana (República)'': Res pública Dominiciana" apud [http://www.juan23.edu.ar/latin/ Diccionario auxiliar: español-latino para el uso moderno del Latín Von José Juan Del Col] Dictionarium Auxiliare Hispano-Latinum ab Ioanne Del Col</ref><ref>[[Carolus Egger]], ''Regionum et urbium Americae Mediae et Meridianae nomina Latina''. In: ''[[Latinitas (periodicum)|Latinitas]]'' 1972, 2, [https://books.google.de/books?id=0WdfAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Res+publica+Dominiciana%2C+f.%22 p. 111]</ref> seu '''Dominicana'''<ref name="DL43">{{Egger DL|43}}</ref><ref>[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/sinodo/documents/bollettino_20_x-ordinaria-2001/xx_plurilingue/b01_xx.html Synodus Episcoporum Bollettino 2001]/[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/sinodo/documents/bollettino_25_xiii-ordinaria-2012/xx_plurilingue/b01_xx.html 2012], e situ interretiale [[Vaticanus|Vaticani]]</ref> ([[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanice]] ''República Dominicana'') est [[civitas sui iuris]], quae occupat orientales quinque octavas partes insulae [[Hispaniola]]e, in [[Antillae Maiores|Antillarum Maiorum]] [[archipelagus|archipelago]] apud regionem [[Mare Caribaeum|Caribaeam]]. Occidentales tres huius [[insula]]e octantes ab [[Haitia]] civitate occupantur,<ref>Alan Dardik, ed. (2016), "[https://books.google.es/books?id=de9NDQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Vascular Surgery: A Global Perspective]" (Anglice) (Springer), 341. ISBN 978-3-319-33745-6.</ref><ref>Jagran Josh, ed. (2016). "[https://books.google.es/books?id=5wBsDQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Current Affairs November 2016 eBook]". p. 93.</ref> quod facit Hispaniolam unam inter duas Caribaeas insulas, iuxta cum [[Insula Sancti Martini|Sancto Martino]], quae divisae sunt duabus a nationibus. Respublica Dominiciana est secunda maxima Caribaea natio secundum aream (post [[Cuba]]m), 48 445 chiliometra quadrata seu 18&thinsp;705 milia passuum quadratorum lata, et tertia secundum numerum incolarum cum circiter decem millionibus incolarum, quorum propemodum tres milliones territorium urbis [[Dominicopolis]]<ref name="DL43"/> (Hispanice ''Santo Domingo''), [[caput (urbs)|capitis]], incolunt.<ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/country/dominican-republic"Dominican Republic|Data]" (Anglice). data.worldbank.org.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110511103811/http://www.conapofa.gov.do/__estimaciones_y_proyecciones/Estimacionesyproyecciones2008.zip "Estimaciones y Proyecciones de la Población Dominicana por Regiones, Provincias, Municipios y Distritos Municipales, 2008]" (Hispanice). Archivatum ex originali die 11 Maii anni 2011. Inspectum die 25 Decembris anni 2008. Contextus: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110808193423/http://www.conapofa.gov.do/estimaciones.asp "Estimaciones; Población en Tiempo Real"] (Hispanice). Archivatum ex originali die 8 Augusti anni 2011. Inspectum die 13 Ianuarii anni 2008.</ref> [[Christophorus Columbus]] in occidentali Hispaniolae parte die 6 Decembris anni 1492 appulit, quae nunc Haitia est. Insula prima [[Colonizatio Americae Hispanica|Hispanicae dicionis colonialis]] sedes in [[Mundus novus|Mundo Novo]] facta est. Dominiciani [[libertas|libertatem]] Novembri mense anni [[1821]] declaraverunt, sed a potentiore vicina Haitia Februario anni [[1822]] dynamice annexi sunt. Post anni [[1844]] victoriam in bello libertatis Dominicianae Haitianam contra dicionem, res publica rursus sub Hispanicam dicionem [[colonia]]lem usque ad bellum restitutionis Dominicianae die [[16 Augusti]] anni [[1865]] cecidit.<ref>Franco, Caesar A. (César A.) [https://web.archive.org/web/20150624072932/https://www.dgii.gov.do/et/nivelBasico/Documents/Guerra%20de%20la%20Restauraci%C3%B3n%2C%2016%20de%20agosto%201863.pdf "La guerra de la Restauración Dominicana, el 16 de agosto de 1863"] (PDF) (Hispanice). dgii.gov.do. Archivatum ex originali (PDF) die 24 Iunii anni 2015.</ref><ref>Guerrero, Ioannes (Johnny) (die 16 Augusti anni 2011). [http://eldia.com.do/la-restauracion-de-la-republica-como-referente-historico/ "La Restauración de la República como referente histórico"] (Hispanice). ''El Día.''</ref><ref>Sagas, Ernestus (Ernesto). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180226003237/http://faculty.webster.edu/corbetre/haiti/misctopic/dominican/conception.htm "An Apparent Contradiction? Popular Perceptions of Haiti and the Foreign policy of the Dominican Republic"] (Anglice). Lehman College (Praesentatum in Congressione Annua Sexta Consociationis Studiorum Haitianorum, Bostoniae, in Massachusetta).</ref> Res publica Dominiciana plerumque [[bellum civile|intestina proelia]] (per Rem publicam Secundam) usque ad annum [[1916]] experta est. Rem publicam [[Civitates Foederatae]] annos octo inter 1916 et [[1924]] occupabat, et consequentem tranquillam et prosperam sexenii periodum, praeside [[Horatius Vásquez|Philippo Horatio Vásquez Lajara]], secuta est dictatura [[Raphael Trujillo|Raphaëlis Leonidae Trujillo Molina]] usque ad [[1961]]. [[Bellum civile]] anno [[1965]], rei publicae recentissimum, finitum est alia militari occupatione, quam secutum est auctoritarium regimen [[Ioachimus Balaguer|Ioachimi Antonii Balaguer Ricardo]] ab anno [[1966]] ad [[1978]]. Ex quo tempore, res publica [[democratia|democratiam repraesentativam]] migravit<ref name="CIA">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160213101305/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html "CIA – The World Factbook – Dominican Republic"] (Anglice). [[Procuratio Nuntiorum Centralis]] (CIA). Inspectum [[4 Iunii|pridie Nonas Iunias]] anni 2007.</ref> et ducta est a [[Leonellus Fernández|Leonello Fernández]] per plerumque tempus e [[1996]]. [[Danilo Medina|Danilus Medina]], praesens rei publicae praeses, Leonello Fernández successit anno [[2012]], cum abstulisset 51 centesimas suffragiorum contra [[Hippolytus Mejía|Hippolytum Mejía]], priorem praesidem.<ref>Ben Fox et Ezequiel Abiu Lopez (die 20 Maii anni 2012), "Dominican Republic Elections: Ex-President Hipolito Mejia Challenges Danilo Medina" (Anglice). ''Huffington Post.'' Archivatum ex originali pridie Kalendas Februarias anni 2016.</ref> Res publica Dominiciana nonam oeconomiam in [[Latinamerica]] habet, maximam [[oeconomia]]m in [[Mare Caribaeum|Caribaea]] et regione [[America Centralis|Mesoamericana]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110604195034/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html "CIA – The World Factbook – Rank Order – GDP (purchasing power parity)"] (Anglice).</ref><ref>[http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/dominicanrepublic "Dominican Republic"] (Anglice). www.worldbank.org.</ref> Quamquam multo tempore clara propter suam [[agricultura]]m et metalleuticen, in oeconomiam nunc domitantur diaconiae.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160213101305/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html "CIA – The World Factbook – Dominican Republic"] (Anglice). [[Procuratio Nuntiorum Centralis]] (CIA).</ref> Ultima per decennia duo, Res publica Dominiciana eminuit sicuti una apud oeconomias maxime crescentes in [[America|Americis]], cum medio indice proventus domestici grossi realis 5,4% inter 1992 et 2014.<ref name="Argentaria">[http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/dominicanrepublic/overview "Dominican Republic Overview"] (Anglice). [[Argentaria mundana]]. Inspectum 2016-04-29.</ref> [[PDG]] incrementum annis 2014 et 2015 7,3 et 7,0% proprie, maximum in Hemisphaerio Occidentali, attigit.<ref name=":Argentaria">[http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/dominicanrepublic/overview "Dominican Republic Overview"] (Anglice). [[Argentaria mundana]]. Inspectum 2016-04-29.</ref> In primo anni 2016 dimidio oeconomia Dominiciana 7,4% crevit, rapidi oeconomici incrementi propensione pergente.<ref name=":1"> [https://web.archive.org/web/20160826201017/http://www.dominicantoday.com/dr/economy/2016/8/25/60419/Dominican-economy-grows-74-in-first-half-paced-by-construction "Dominican economy grows 7.4% in first half, paced by construction"] (Anglice). Dominican Today. Archivatum ex originali die 26 Augusti anni 2016. Inspectum die 27 Augusti anni 2016.</ref> Recens incrementum constructione, fabricatione periegesique ductum est. Privata consumptio fortis fuit, propter parvam inflationem (sub 1% mediae quantitatis anni 2015), quaestus creationem non minus quam altam remissionum summam. Res publica Dominiciana chrematisterium, Chrematisterium Rei publicae Dominicianae (Hispanice ''Bolsa de Valores de la República Dominicana''; acronymo ''BVRD''),<ref>[http://www.bvrd.com.do/quienes-somos "¿Quiénes Somos?"] (Hispanice). Chrematisterium Rei publicae Dominicianae. Inspectum 2016-03-03.</ref> et provectum telecommunicationis systema et vecturae infrastructuram<ref name=consulatus>[http://www.dominicanconsulate.org/gralinfo.htm "Consulatus Generalis Rei publicae Dominicianae Bancoci in Thailandia"] (Anglice). Inspectum die 27 Februarii anni 2009.</ref> habet. Nihilominus, inopia quaestus,<ref name="CIA"/> gubernii corruptio et inconsistens electrica diakonia praecipua problemata manent. Natio significativam emolumentorum inaequalitatem quoque habet.<ref name="CIA"/> Internationalis migratio valde Rem publicam Dominicianam afficit, quoniam magnos migrantium fluxus accipit mittitque. Gregaria illegalis [[Haitia]]na immigratio et Haitianae originis Dominicianos integrare praecipua problemata sunt.<ref name="Diógenes">Diogenes (Diógenes) Pina (die 21 Martii anni 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080109194929/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=37018 "Dominican Republic: Deport Thy (Darker-Skinned) Neighbour" (Anglice). Inter Press Service (IPS). Archivatum ex originali die 9 Ianuarii anni 2008. Inspectum die 14 Ianuarii anni 2008.</ref> Magna Dominiciana diaspora, praesertim in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]],<ref>"United States – Selected Population Profile in the United States (Dominican (Dominican Republic))"] (Anglice). ''2008 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates''. U.S. Census Bureau. Archivatum ex originali die 2 Decembris anni 2010. Inspectum die 10 Ianuarii anni 2010.</ref> est, quae evolutioni contribuit, mittendis [[billio]]nibus [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum]] Dominicianis familiis per remissiones.<ref name="CIA"/><ref name="Relations"/> Res publica Dominiciana destinatio visitatissima in Caribaeo est. Annui campi [[pillamalleus|pillamallei]] praecipuae illecebrae sunt.<ref name=consulatus/> Sicuti geographice varia natio, Res publica Dominiciana non solum excelsissimi montani culminis in Caribaeo, [[Duarte (culmen)|Culminis Duartis]] (Hispanice ''Pico Duarte''), sed etiam maximi lacus et loci minime elevati in Caribaeo, [[Lacus Enriquillensis]]<ref name="Enriquillense"> Nomini lacus Hispanice ''Enriquillo'' nuncupato, confer binomen "Chondropoma enriquillense".</ref> seu [[Lacus Henriculus]]<ref>Nomen lacus nominatum est a regulo Henriculo (Hispanice ''Enriquillo'') qui apparet in libro "[https://books.google.es/books?id=vobbcIgAeK0C&pg=PA80&dq=bohechius&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidtq3pxvjWAhXLDcAKHY1zD5MQ6AEIPjAD#v=onepage&q=bohechius&f=false Annales minorum seu Trium Ordinum a S. Francisco institutorum, Volumen 15]", ubi dicitur: "(...) Henriculum, Indiarum nobilem, a se suisque Consodalibus optime a juventute apud Conventum Verae Pacis in provincia Xarague (in qua Bohequius, unus ex quinque Regibus Hispaniolae imperabat)."</ref> (Hispanice ''Lago Enriquillo''), domus est.<ref>Baker, Christophorus P. (Christopher P.); Mingasson, Aegidius (Gilles) (2008). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=toEFe48MD1IC&pg=PA190&redir_esc=y&hl=es Dominican Republic]'' (Hispanice). National Geographic Books, p. 190. ISBN 978-1-4262-0232-2.</ref> Insula mediam temperaturam 26&nbsp;°C seu 78,8&nbsp;°F et magnam climaticam biologicamque [[diversitas biologica|diversitatem]] habet.<ref name=consulatus/> Natio quoque primorum [[cathedralis]], [[castellum|castelli]], [[monasterium|monasterii]], [[fortalitia]]e in [[America|Americis]] aedificatorum locus est, sitorum Urbi Coloniali [[Dominicopolis|Dominicopolitana]] (Hispanice ''Ciudad Colonial de Santo Domingo''), [[Patrimonium totius mundi|Patrimonio Totius Mundi]].<ref>[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/526 "Urbs Colonialis Dominicopolitana]"] (Variis linguis). Centrum [[Patrimonium totius mundi|Patrimonii Totius Mundi]] ab [[UNESCO]]. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.unesco.org/nac/geoportal.php?country=DO&language=S UNESCO per totum mundum|Res publica Dominiciana] (Anglice, Hispanice, Francice). Unesco.org (die 14 Novembris anni 1957). Inspectum die 2014-04-02.</ref> Musica et ars athletica magni ponderis Dominiciana in cultura sunt, cum [[Meringinis (genus musicum)|meringine]] ac [[bachata]] sicuti nationali saltatione ac musica et cum [[basipila]] sicuti praedilecta arte athletica.<ref name="Ambasciata">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150626100357/http://www.domrep.org/gen_info.html "Ambasciata Rei publicae Dominicianae in Civitatibus Foederatis"] (Anglice). Archivatum ex originali die 2015-06-26. Inspectum die 27 Februarii anni 2009.</ref> == Nomina et etymologia == Per plerumque historiae tempus, usque ad independentiam, natio '''Sanctus Dominicus'''<ref>Verbi gratia, apud librum "[https://www.amazon.com/Praedonibus-Insulam-Dominici-Celebrantibus-Saeculo/dp/0259387452 De Praedonibus Insulam Sancti Dominici Celebrantibus Saeculo Septimo Decimo]" ab Henrico Lorin.</ref> (Hispanice ''Santo Domingo'') nuncupata est<ref>"[http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/3.htm Dominican Republic – The first colony]" (Anglice). ''Country Studies''. Bibliotheca Congressus; Federal Research Divisio Investigatio Foederalis. Inspectum die 19 Iunii anni 2008.</ref> —aliud nomen praesentis capitis, [[Dominicopolis]], et [[Dominicus Oxomensis|patroni sancti]]— et sic communiter nuncupari perrexit velut Anglice usque ad ineuns saeculum XX.<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=CLpoeD3cbBkC&pg=PA1&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Hand Book of Santo Domingo:] (Anglice) Commentariolus nº 52. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1892. Digitizatum die 14 Augusti anni 2012. p. 3. "''...the Republic of Santo Domingo or República Dominicana (Dominican Republic) as it is officially designated'''."</ref> Incolae Hispanice ''Dominicanos'' (i.e. "Dominiciani" seu "Dominicani") nucupabantur, quod est adiectivalis forma "''Domingo''" (i.e. "Dominicus") Hispanice et revolutionarii suam nove indepedentem nationem Hispanice ''La República Dominicana'' (i.e. "Res publice Dominiciana") nominavere. In [[hymnus nationalis|hymno nationali]] Rei publicae Dominicianae (Hispanice ''Himno Nacional'') vocabulum "Dominicianus" non apparet. Verborum cantatorum auctor, [[Aemilius Prud’Homme]], consistenter poëticum terminum Hispanice ''Quisqueyanos'' (i.e. "Guisqueiani"<ref name="Lexicon">[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0525b.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann] ubi dicitur "Hispaniola (...) Interdum etiam Guisqueia (...)".</ref>) utitur. Verbum Hispanice "''Quisqueya''" (Latine "Guisqueia"<ref name="Lexicon"/>) ex autochthonica [[Indi Americani|Indorum]] [[Taini|Tainorum]] lingua derivat et "matrem omnium terrarum significat. Quo crebro utuntur carmina sicuti alio nomine nationi. Nationis nomen crebro "R.D." breviatur.<ref>Kraft, Randy (die 27 August anni 2000). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130921174246/http://articles.mcall.com/2000-08-27/entertainment/3318706_1_punta-cana-caribbean-sea-white-beach Paradise On The Beach Resorts Are Beautiful In Caribbean's Punta Cana, But Poverty Is Outside The Gates]" (Anglice). ''The Morning Call''. Archivatum ex originali die 21 September anni 2013.</ref> == Historia == === Historia Praeeuropaea === [[Fasciculus:Cacicatus Hispaniolae.png|thumb|350px|Hispaniolae cacicatus quinque Christophoro Columbo advento.]] [[Fasciculus:Cueva El Pomier.jpg|thumb|350px|Specus Pomierenses (Hispanice ''Cuevas de El Pomier'') specuum quinque et quinquaginta series [[Fanum Sancti Christophori (Res publica Dominicana)|Fani Sancti Christophori]] (Hispanice ''San Cristóbal'') septentrione in Re publica Dominiciana sita sunt. Maximam 2000 annos antiquae artis rupestris collectionem in Caribaeo continent.]] [[Linguae Arawakanae|Arawakanophoni]]<ref>Vbb. adiectt. "Arawakanus", "Arawakensis": cf. nomina biologica e.g. ''[[Drosophila arawakana]]'', ''[[Furculanurida arawakensis]]''.</ref> [[Taini]] [[Hispaniola]]m e boreorientali regione eius quod nunc America Australis nuncupatur migraverunt, loco movendis prioribus incolis,<ref name="Luna">Luna Calderón, Ferdinandus (Fernando) (Decembri mense anni 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20081001151311/http://www.kacike.org/CalderonEspanol.pdf "ADN Mitocondrial Taíno en la República Dominicana"] (PDF). ''Kacike'' (Hispanice) (Speciale). ISSN 1562-5028. Archivatum ex originali (PDF) Kalendis Octobribus anni 2008.</ref> circa annum 650. Agriculturae piscatuique<ref name="Encarta">[https://web.archive.org/web/20071114170306/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563569_7/Dominican_Republic.html "Dominican Republic"] (Anglice). ''Encarta''. Microsoft Corporation. Archivatum ex originali die 14 Novembris anni 2007. Inspectum die 6 Iunii anni 2007.</ref> et venationi collectionique<ref name="Luna"/> se dederunt. Feri [[Caribae]]<ref name="Lexicon Universale">Vide "Caribae" apud [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof1/s0726b.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann].</ref> Tainos versus boreorientale [[Mare Caribaeum|Caribaeum]] per plerumque [[saeculum 15|saeculum XV]] pepulere.<ref>Royal, Robertus (Robert) (vere anni 1992). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090216092556/http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/ant/ROYAL-01.ANT "1492 and Multiculturalism"]. ''The Intercollegiate Review''. 27 (2): 3–10. Archivatum ex originali die 16 Februarii anni 2009.</ref> Aestimationes de numero incolarum in Hispaniola anno 1492 ample variat e centum milibus<ref name="Rawley">Rawley, Iacobus A. (James A.); Behrendt, Stephanus (Stephen) D. (2005). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=Sn5pK8rbR5MC&pg=PA49&redir_esc=y&hl=es#v=onepage&q&f=false The Transatlantic Slave Trade: A History]'' (Anglice). University of Nebraska Press. p. 49. ISBN 0-8032-3961-0.</ref>, trecentis milibus<ref name="Luna"/>, quadrigentis milibus ad duos milliones.<ref> Keegan, Gulielmus (William). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080321191857/http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/ant/KEEGAN08.ANT "Death Toll"] (Anglice). [[Universitas Millersvilla]], ex ephemeride Archaeology (Ianuario/Februario anni 1992, p. 55). Archivatum ex originali die 21 Martii anni 2008. Inspectum die 19 Iunii anni 2008.</ref> Determinare praecise quomodo multi homines in insula in [[America praecolumbiana|temporibus Praecolumbianis]] viverent fere impossibile est, quia accurata acta non sunt.<ref>Henige, David (1998). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=1MJ9HPsGsrUC&pg=PA174&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Numbers from nowhere: the American Indian contact population debate]'' (Anglice). University of Oklahoma Press. p. 174. ISBN 0-8061-3044-X.</ref> Anno 1492 insula in Tainis [[cacicatus|cacicatibus]]<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=S0dcAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT90&lpg=PT90&dq=cacicatus&source=bl&ots=oilKvYB7ng&sig=tqtLTWY1v49EpnO6GgXJBjssMVc&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjdo8Gm-ebVAhXMOxQKHbkPDVgQ6AEIRDAF#v=onepage&q=cacicatus&f=false Tomus alterus De justa Indiarum occidentalium gubernatione] ubi dicitur "(...) et disponunt in successione Cacicatus, (...)".</ref> quinque divisa erat.<ref>Robertus (Roberto) Cassá (1992). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=oJ-wJ49cNwAC&pg=PA126&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Los Indios de Las Antillas]'' (Hispanice). Editorial Abya Yala. pp. 126–. ISBN 978-84-7100-375-1. Inspectum die 15 Augusti anni 2012.</ref><ref>Wilson, Samuel M. (1990). ''Hispaniola: Caribbean Chiefdoms in the Age of Columbus'' (Anglice). Univ. of Alabama Press. p. 110. ISBN 0-8173-0462-2.</ref> [[Taini]]cum nomen toti insulae ''Ayti''<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=Lmk8NQJuOYYC&pg=PA541&lpg=PA541&dq=xaragua+quinque+regna&source=bl&ots=sR2UpmmuwN&sig=pgR-Okk_dmk7K16ilQLWebcy6dY&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjkspX7hefVAhWLQBQKHXyEBWMQ6AEIPTAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false Georgi Horni Arca Noæ, sive Historia imperiorum et regnorum à condito orbe.]</ref> seu ''[[Quisqueia]]''<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=d_OKCTI2Qv0C&pg=PA122&lpg=PA122&dq=regina+Anacaona&source=bl&ots=mJbtv9Ethv&sig=tMIJBtvJDe8mRRK9DmQYr_Ktf9w&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjx1I-xgI_WAhXHQJoKHY88DEkQ6AEIWTAM#v=onepage&q=regina%20Anacaona&f=false Columbeis] ubi dicitur: "(...) Axis ad oppositi populos, ignota Quisqueiae Littora (...)".</ref> erat.<ref>Anglería, Petrus Martyr (Pedro Mártir de) (1949). ''Décadas del Nuevo Mundo, Tercera Década, Libro VII'' (Hispanice). Bonaëropoli: Editorial Bajel.</ref> Hispani anno 1492 advenerunt. Benignas post rationes initio, Taini contra occupationem renisi sunt, a femina phylarcha [[Anacaona]]<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=d_OKCTI2Qv0C&pg=PA122&lpg=PA122&dq=regina+Anacaona&source=bl&ots=mJbtv9Ethv&sig=tMIJBtvJDe8mRRK9DmQYr_Ktf9w&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjx1I-xgI_WAhXHQJoKHY88DEkQ6AEIWTAM#v=onepage&q=regina%20Anacaona&f=false Columbeis] ubi dicitur: "(...) Pone subit magna matrum comitante caterua Anacaona soror, qua non prudentior ulla (...)".</ref> (Hispanice ''Anacaona'') [[Xaragua]]e<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=Lmk8NQJuOYYC&pg=PA541&lpg=PA541&dq=xaragua+quinque+regna&source=bl&ots=sR2UpmmuwN&sig=pgR-Okk_dmk7K16ilQLWebcy6dY&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjkspX7hefVAhWLQBQKHXyEBWMQ6AEIPTAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false Georgi Horni Arca Noæ, sive Historia imperiorum et regnorum à condito orbe.]</ref> et eius quondam coniuge Caonabone<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=Lmk8NQJuOYYC&pg=PA541&lpg=PA541&dq=xaragua+quinque+regna&source=bl&ots=sR2UpmmuwN&sig=pgR-Okk_dmk7K16ilQLWebcy6dY&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjkspX7hefVAhWLQBQKHXyEBWMQ6AEIPTAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Georgi Horni Arca Noæ, sive Historia imperiorum et regnorum à condito orbe''] ubi dicitur: "(...) Ultimus Rex ''Caonabo'', qui in Columbi navigatione ''Canoba'' id est ''domus auri'' dicitur. (...)".</ref> (Hispanice ''Caonabo'') [[Maguana]]e<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=Lmk8NQJuOYYC&pg=PA541&lpg=PA541&dq=xaragua+quinque+regna&source=bl&ots=sR2UpmmuwN&sig=pgR-Okk_dmk7K16ilQLWebcy6dY&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjkspX7hefVAhWLQBQKHXyEBWMQ6AEIPTAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Georgi Horni Arca Noæ, sive Historia imperiorum et regnorum à condito orbe''] ubi dicitur: "(...) ''Xaragua'' aliis ''Guaccayrima'', Haniguaiaga'' vel ''Maguana'' (...)".</ref> non minus quam phylarchis [[Guacanagarix|Guacanagarice]], [[Guama]], [[Hatueius|Hatueio]] et [[Henriculus|Henriculo]]<ref>"[https://books.google.es/books?id=vobbcIgAeK0C&pg=PA80&dq=bohechius&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidtq3pxvjWAhXLDcAKHY1zD5MQ6AEIPjAD#v=onepage&q=bohechius&f=false Annales minorum seu Trium Ordinum a S. Francisco institutorum, Volumen 15]", ubi dicitur: "(...) Henriculum, Indiarum nobilem, a se suisque Consodalibus optime a juventute apud Conventum Verae Pacis in provincia Xarague (in qua Bohequius, unus ex quinque Regibus Hispaniolae imperabat) (...)". </ref> (Hispanice ''Guacanagarix, Guamá, Hatuey, Enriquillo'') ducti. Cuius ultimi bene gesta suae genti autonomam [[inclavatura]]m in temporis aliquod in insula consecuta sunt. Paucis annis post 1492, Tainorum numerus extreme declinavit, propter [[variola]]m,<ref>[http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/what-became-of-the-taino-73824867/ "What Became of the Taíno?"] (Anglice). ''Smithsonian'' Octobri 2011.</ref> [[morbillus|morbillum]] et alios [[morbus|morbos]] qui advenerunt cum Europaeis, <ref name="Smallpox">[https://web.archive.org/web/20161106211915/http://www.dshs.texas.gov/preparedness/bt_public_history_smallpox.shtm "History of Smallpox – Smallpox Through the Ages"] (Anglice). ''Texas Department of State Health Services''.</ref> apud alias res infra explicatas. Prima relata variolae eruptio in Americis in Hispaniola anno 1507 evenit.<ref name="Smallpox"/> Ultima purorum Tainorum acta in natione e 1864 erant. Etiamnunc hereditas biologica longe superfuit propter permixtionem. Census acta e 1514 40% Hispanorum virorum Tainas feminas uxores duxisse in Dominicopoli revelant<ref> Ferbel Azcarate, Petrus (Pedro) J. (Decembri 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20040617195321/http://www.kacike.org/FerbelEnglish.pdf "Not Everyone Who Speaks Spanish is from Spain: Taíno Survival in the 21st Century Dominican Republic"] (Anglice) (PDF). ''Kacike'' (extraordinarius numerus). ISSN 1562-5028. Archivatum ex originali (PDF) die 17 Iunii anni 2004. Inspectum die 24 Septembris anni 2009.</ref> et aliqui hodiernorum Dominicianorum Tainam originem habent.<ref name="GuitarKac">Guitar, Lynne (Decembri anni 2012). [https://archive.org/details/KacikeJournal "Documenting the Myth of Taíno Extinction"] (Anglice) (PDF). ''Kacike'' (numerus extraordinarius). ISSN 1562-5028. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2016.</ref><ref>Martínez Cruzado, Ioannes Carolus (Juan Carlos) (Decembri anni 2002). ["The Use of Mitochondrial DNA to Discover Pre-Columbian Migrations to the Caribbean: Results for Puerto Rico and Expectations for the Dominican Republic"] (Anglice) (PDF). ''Kacike'' (numerus extraordinarius). ISSN 1562-5028. Inspectus die 24 Augusti anni 2016.</ref> Apud Tainicas culturas sunt picturae rupestres non minus quam [[figlina]]e designatio quae est in usu adhuc in parvo opificum villagio Higüerito,in [[Moca (Res publica Dominicana)|Moca]].<ref>O'Halloran, Hyacintha (Jacinta) (2007-01-01). [https://books.google.es/books?id=s9fMQbQUp6wC&redir_esc=y Fodor's Budapest]. Fodor's Travel Publications. ISBN 978-1-4000-1740-9.</ref> === Colonizatio Europaea === [[5 Decembris|Nonis Decembribus]] anni [[1492]] [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophori Columbi]] [[carabus|carabi]] in insulam advenerunt, quae Hispaniola (Hispanice ''La Española'') nominata est. Columbus ibi nautarum novem et triginta sedem, [[Nativitas (Res publica Dominicana)|Nativitatem]] (Hispanice ''La Navidad'') nominatam, reliquit. Insequenti anno, cum secundo itinere rediret, eam destructam invenit et novam sedem plus ad orientem, in hodiernae Rei publicae Dominicianae territorio, [[Isabella (Res publica Dominicana)|Isabellam]] (Hispanice ''La Isabela'') nuncupatam et primam Europaeam sedem in Americis putatam condere decrevit. Insula colonia Hispanica facta est. [[Fasciculus:AMH-6754-NA Bird's eye view of the city of Santo Domingo.jpg|thumb|[[Dominicopolis]] circa annum 1665 ab [[Iohannes Vingboons|Iohanne Vingboons]] picta.]] Primis ex annis Hispanicae dicionis memoratur schema fundorum: quod in [[Lusitania|Lusitanorum]] experientia in occidentali Africae litore fundatur et consistebat ex apparatione laboris solutae ab Hispanis, regimine servitutis autochthonibus gentibus, eandum venditione in Hispania et impositione tributi in pulvere aureo aut [[Gossypium (genus)|gossypio]]. Naturalium divitiarum et virium laboris autochthonum apparatio solum Coronae Hispanicae favere poterat, sed non privatis. Quod multum fastidii Hispanis et mortem, crebro propter tristitiam, Tainorum per iter oceanicum attulit. Modus quo tractabantur indigenae (putati praemium occupationis) effecit collapsionem physicae eorum condicionis et exspectationis vitae. Taini adhuc se coniunctim occiderunt et abortus effecerunt sicuti unicam viam evitandae servitutis; numerus incolarum e circa 400 000 hominum anno 1492 calculatorum ad 60 000 anno 1508 deminuit. Rara autochthonum operariorum summa et eius condensatio paucis in familiis aristocraticis Hispanos colonos alias versus terras emigrare fecit. Solum introducta intensiva [[Saccharum officinarum|harundinis sacchari]] cultura, numerus incolarum crescere coepit et huius culturae gratia incepit etiam commercium nigricolorum servorum ex Africa. Medio saeculo XVI aestimatur adfuisse in insula 20 000 Afrorum oriundorum dissimilibus e tribubus, dum Taini fere exstincti sunt. Ineunte anno 1600, ad pugnandum contra subintroductionem et piratarum impetus, Domus Regia Hispanica omnes incolas in occidentali et boreorientali insulae zona viventes in zonas protegibiliores et vicinas capiti, [[Dominicopolis|Dominicopoli]], traiicere decrevit. Quod attulit generalem insularis oeconomiae paupertatem et possibilitatem ut [[lesta]]e et [[bucaner]]es<ref>[[Pirata#De piratarum genera]]</ref> occidentalem partem ([[Insula Testudinis|Insulam Testudinis]], Hispanice ''Isla Tortuga''; Francice ''Île de la Tortue''; et [[Haitiane]] ''Latòti'') sicuti suam praecipuam discessus sedem ad faciendos impetus contra naves directas et oriundas ex Europa occuparent. === Dicio Francica (1795-1809) === [[Fasciculus:Battle of Santo Domingo (French and British ships).jpg|thumb|Francicae et Britannicae naves in Proelio Dominicopoleos.]] Anno [[1801]], [[Francicus Dominicus Toussaint Louverture]] Dominicopolin advenit, servitutis abolitionem pro [[Francia|Rem publicam Francicam]] edicens. Brevi ante, [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleo]] exercitum misit qui totam insulam domuit et eam paucos per menses rexit. [[Mulatus|Mulati]] et [[nigricolor]]es denuo hos contra Francicos Octobri mense anno [[1802]] consurrexerunt et denique eos vicerunt Novembri mense anni [[1803]]. [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[1804]] victores [[Sanctus Dominicus (colonia Francica)|Sanctum Dominicum]] (Francice ''Saint-Domingue'') rem publicam independentem [[Haitia]]m esse declaraverunt. Adhuc antequam ab Haitianis victi essent, Francicum praesidiolum Dominicopoli mansit. Servitus rursus statuta est et Hispanorum exsulum multi rediverunt. Anno 1805, postquam se Imperator coronaret, [[Ioannes Iacobus Dessalines]] invasit, attingenda Dominicopoli antequam Francicam ob turmam navalem recederet. Per [[Cibao]]nem<ref name="Globorotalia">Confer binomen "Globorotalia cibaoensis".</ref> recedentes, Haitiani urbes [[Sanctus Iacobus Equitum|Sanctum Iacobum Equitum]]<ref name="Hierarchia">[http://catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsnca.html Hierarchia Catholica].</ref> (Hispanice ''Santiago de los Caballeros'') et [[Moca (Res publica Dominicana)|Mocam]] (Hispanice ''Moca'') spoliaverunt, fere omnes incolas trucidantes et iuvantes condere bisaecularem inimicitiam duas inter nationes. Francici in orientali insulae parte reluctati sunt donec ab Hispanis insulae incolis in Proelio Pali Defixi (Hispanice ''Batalla de Palo Hincado'') die [[7 Novembris]] anni 1808 victi sunt. Iuvante [[Regia Classis Britannica|Regia Classi Britannica]], Hispani urbem Dominicopolin obsederunt. Francici obsessa urbe denique deditionem die [[9 Iulii]] anni 1809 fecerunt, incipiente annorum duodecim periodo Hispanicae dicionis, nuncupatae Dominiciana in historia "[[Hispania Stulta|Hispaniae Stultae]]". === Reversio in Hispaniam (1809-1821) === In historia Rei publicae Dominicianae, "[[Hispania Stulta|Hispaniae Stultae]]" (Hispanice ''España Boba'') periodus e 1809 ad 1821 duravit, per quam [[Maxima Praefectura Sancti Dominici]] (Hispanice ''Capitanía General de Santo Domingo'') sub dicione Hispanica fuit; nihilominus Hispanicum gubernium minimis potestatibus functum est quoniam eius opes tenues factae sunt propter [[Bellum Independentiae Hispanicae]] et aliquot bella independentiae in America Hispanica.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160809033901/http://dominicanaonline.org/Portal/espanol/cpo_conquista5.asp Período de “la España Boba”] (Hispanice) - apud Dominicanaonline.org.</ref> Haec periodus finivit cum Dominicianae auctoritates brevis durationis independentiam [[30 Novembris|pridie Kalendas Decembres]] anni 1821 declaraverunt. === Independentia ex Hispania (1821) === Post duodecadem annorum fastidii et independentiae propositum casum ab aliquot oppositoribus globis, prior Sancti Dominici Locumtenens-Gubernator (summus administrator) [[Iosephus Núñez de Cáceres]] coloniae independentiam ex [[Imperium Hispanicum|Hispanica corona]] sicuti [[Res publica Haitiae Hispanicae|Haitiam Hispanicam]] [[30 Novembris|pridie Kalendas Decembres]] anni 1821 declaravit. Haec periodus Independentia Ephemera nuncupatur.<ref> H. Hoetink (die 29 Maii 1986). "The Dominican Republic c. 1870–930". In Leslie Bethell. [https://books.google.es/books?id=X4axAmBS-7wC&pg=PA287&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''The Cambridge History of Latin America'']. V, Circa 1870 to 1930 (Anglice). Cambridge University Press. p. 287. ISBN 978-0-521-24517-3.</ref> === Unificatio Hispaniolae (1822-1844) === [[Fasciculus:President Jean-Pierre Boyer of Haiti (Hispaniola Unification Regime) Portrait.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Ioannes Petrus Boyer]], mulatus rector Haitiae]] Denuo independens res publica duo menses post finivit causa [[Haitia]]ni gubernii ab [[Ioannes Petrus Boyer|Ioanne Petro Boyer]] ducti.<ref name="GuitarHist">Guitar, Lynne. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070601040005/http://www.hispaniola.com/dominican_republic/info/history.php "History of the Dominican Republic"]. Hola.com. Inspectum die 29 Maii anni 2007.</ref> Ut [[Francicus Dominicus Toussaint Louverture]] decennia duo antea fecerat, Haitiani servitutem aboleverunt. Ad colligendam pecuniam magnae indemnitati 150 millionum francorum cui assensit se soluturam esse prioribus Francicis colonis et quae inceps ad 60 milliones francorum deminuit, Haitianum gubernium onerosa vectigalia Dominicianis imposuit. Quia Haitia suo exercitui sufficienter providere nequivit, occupantes vires magna ex parte superfuerunt, cibum et promissa pistolio exquisiverunt et confiscaverunt. Redistribuendorum agrorum conatus conflixit cum communalis agrorum tenurae systemate (Hispanice ''terrenos comuneros''), quod e fundorum pecuariorum oeconomia surrexerat, et aliqui incolae indignati sunt cum culturas mercatorias serere coacti essent, vigente [[Ioannes Petrus Boyer|Ioannis Petri Boyer]] et [[Iosephus Balthasar Inginac|Iosephi Balthasaris Inginac]] Codice Rurali (Francice ''Code Rural'').<ref>Hoetink, ''The Dominican People: Notes for a Historical Sociology'' versum in Anglicam a Stephano Ault Pg. 83. Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimorae, 1982.</ref> Ruralibus et asperis in areis, Haitiana administratio nimis inefficax esse solebat ad exsequendas suas proprias leges. Fuit urbe Dominicopoli ubi occupationis effectus acutissime sensi sunt et fuit ibi ubi independentiae motus ortus est. Haitiana constitutio albicolores primores agros tenere vetavit et praecipuae Dominicianae familiae agrorum possessores vi proprietatibus suis privatae sunt. Complures in [[Cuba]]m, [[Portus Dives|Portum Divitem]] (qui ambo [[Imperium Hispanicum|possessiones Hispanicae]] in illo tempore erant) aut in [[Grandis Columbia|Grandem Columbiam]] emigraverunt, plerumque cohortantibus Haitianis officialibus qui agros acquirebant. Haitiani [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiam Catholicam Romanam]] cum Francicis servorum dominis qui eos sub iugum miserant sociaverunt et omnes Ecclesiae proprietates confiscaverunt, omnes peregrinos clericos deportaverunt et reliquorum clericorum vincula cum [[Sancta Sedes|Vaticano]] secaverunt. Omnia educativa fastigia collapsa sunt; universitas clausa est, quia et opibus et studentibus carebat, cum Dominiciani iuvenes viri e 16 in 25 annos nati Haitianum in exercitum conscripti essent. [[Ioannes Petrus Boyer|Ioannis Petri Boyer]] copiae occupantes, quae magna ex parte Dominiciani erant, insolutae erant et Dominicianis e civibus pabulari spoliareque debuerunt. Haitia onerosum vectigal Dominiciano populo imposuit.<ref name="Matibag">Matibag, Eugenius (Eugenio) (2003). ''Haitian-Dominican Counterpoint: Nation, State, and Race on Hispaniola'' (Anglice). Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-29432-8.</ref> Multi albicolores e Dominicopoli in [[Portus Dives|Portum Divitem]] ac [[Cuba]]m (ambos rectos ab Hispania), [[Venetiola]]m et alibi fugerunt. Denique oeconomia defecit et vectigalia onerosa facta sunt. Rebelliones adhuc a libertis gesta sunt, dum Dominiciani Haitianique coniunctim laboraverunt ad eiiciendum [[Ioannes Petrus Boyer|Ioannem Petrum Boyer]] e potestate. Antihaitiani aliquot generum motus -pro independentia -pro [[Hispania]], pro [[Francia|Francicis]], pro [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannicis]], pro [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]]- corroborati sunt, deiecto Ioanne Petro Boyer anno 1843.<ref name="Matibag">Matibag, Eugenius (Eugenio) (2003). ''Haitian-Dominican Counterpoint: Nation, State, and Race on Hispaniola'' (Anglice). Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-29432-8.</ref> === Independentia ex Haitia (1844) === [[Fasciculus:Juan pablo duarte diez.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Ioannis Paulus Duarte]], pater conditor Rei publicae Dominicianae.]] Anno 1844 popularis rebellionis motus ab [[Ioannis Paulus Duarte|Ioanne Paulo Duarte]] rectus induxit in Rei publicae Dominicianae independentiam sanctam declaratione ut omnes homines, sine discriminatione, aequi sint. Nascenti in re publica disputabant ei qui absolutam independentiam volebant et ei qui a natione evolutiore protectoratus optionem malebant. === Res publica Restitutionis et exeuns saeculum XIX === Anno 1860, Dominicianus praeses [[Petrus Santana]] foedus readmissionis in Hispaniam (anno 1861) obsignavit. Tale foedus aliquorum praefectorum rebellionem fecit, et bellum Restitutionis nuncupatum incepit. Anno 1865, res publica independentiam recuperavit, tempus sine gubernatione et continuis cum gubernantium mutationibus transeuns. Hic status duravit donec [[Ulixes Heureaux]] dictaturam per annos duodecim (inter 1887 et 1899) instituit, quae finivit eo occiso. === Ineunte saeculo XX (1900-1930) === Ineunte [[saeculum 20|saeculo XX]] politica oeconomicaque instabilitas et [[saeculum 19|saeculi XIX]] creditae pecuniae solvendae mora fecerunt ut eveniret quod nuncupatur "Prima Invasio [[Statunitensis]]", quae duravit e [[1916]] usque ad [[1924]]. Per periodon inter 1924 et [[1930]], Dominiciana oeconomia tempus "Saltationem Millionum" (Hispanice ''Danza de los Millones'') essentialiter propter aucta internationalis [[harundo saccharina|harundinis saccharinae]] pretia nominatum vixit. === Aetas Raphaëlis Trujillo (1930-1961) === [[Fasciculus:Rafael Trujillo 1952.jpg|thumb|left|[[Raphael Trujillo|Raphaël Trujillo]] anno 1952.]] E [[1930]] usque ad [[1961]] natio sub [[Raphael Trujillo|Raphaëlis Leonidae Trujillo]] dictatura fuit, quae fuit tempus obscurissimum Dominicianae historiae, cum oppositorum insectatione et caedibus. Sublato Motu die 14 Iunii (Hispanice ''Movimiento 14 de Junio'') anno [[1959]] et interfectis Sororibus Mirabal (Hispanice ''Hermanas Mirabal''), regimen languescere coepit quoad Raphaël Trujillo anno [[1961]] occisus est. === Aetas Post Raphaëlem Trujillo (1961-2000) === [[Raphael Trujillo|Raphaële Trujillo]] occiso, natio aliquot gubernia transit apud quae inveniuntur id professoris [[Ioannes Bosch|Ioannis Bosch]], menses septem postea prostratum; triumviratus; et [[Statunitensis]] armatus interventus anni [[1965]]. Anno [[1966]] [[Ioachimus Balaguer]] potestatem accepit et ibi mansit per annorum duodecim periodum in gubernio semidictatoriali in quo usus est comitialibus fraudibus et repressionibus contra suos politicos oppositores. Per anni [[1978]] comitia electus est [[Antonius Guzmán Fernández]], oppositoris Factionis Revolutionariae Dominicianae (Hispanice ''Partido Revolucionario Dominicano''; acronymo ''PRD''). Fuit primum gubernium electum populari suffragio e 1924. Eius muneris tempus depictum est re ut esset unum liberalissimorum quod Res publica Dominiciana habuisset in decenniis. Finivit cum Antonius Guzmán anno [[1982]] se occidit et ei successit praeses vicarius [[Iacobus Majluta]], qui per dies 43 gubernavit. Anno 1982 vicit in comitiis [[Salvator Georgius Blanco]], tunc gubernantis factionis, PRD. Anno [[1986]] denuo cepit potestatem Ioachimus Balaguer, natus 80 annos. Anno [[1990]] victor fuit in comitiis circumdatis delationibus fraudum e parte Ioannis Bosch, Factionis Liberationis Dominicianae (Hispanice ''Partido de la Liberación Dominicana''; acronymo ''PLD''). Anno [[1994]], Ioachimus Balaguer denuo in comitiis vicit; sed, allegatis scripto fraude impedimentisque ut militantes oppositores suffragium ferrent, reductam suam praesidialem periodum ad biennium vidit, decernens comitia habere anno [[1996]]. === Saeculum XXI === Anno [[2000]] Factionis Revolutionariae Dominicianae (Hispanice ''Partido Revolucionario Dominicano''; acronymo ''PRD'') [[Hippolytus Mejía]] comitiis vicit. Hoc oeconomicorum problematum tempus fuit.<ref name="Patterson">Patterson, Claudia (die 4 Octobris anni 2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20081107015518/http://www.coha.org/2004/10/president-leonel-fernandez-friend-or-foe-of-reform/ "President Leonel Fernández: Friend or Foe of Reform?"] (Anglice). ''Council on Hemispheric Affairs''. Archivatum ex originali die 7 Novembris anni 2008.</ref> [[Hippolytus Mejía]] in conatu ut eligeretur anno 2004 a Leonello Fernández Factionis Liberationis Dominicianae (Hispanice ''Partido de la Liberación Dominicana''; acronymo ''PLD'') victus est. Anno 2008, Leonellus Fernández denuo electus est tertio munere.<ref name="Relations"/> Leonellus Fernández et Factio Liberationis Dominicianae (Hispanice ''Partido de la Liberación Dominicana''; acronymo ''PLD'') creduntur inceptis quae nationem technologice promovit, sicuti constructione ferriviae subterraneae (Hispanice ''El Metro''). Nihilominus eius administrationes de corruptione accusatae sunt.<ref name="Patterson"/> [[Danilo Medina]], Factionis Liberationis Dominicianae (Hispanice ''Partido de la Liberación Dominicana''; acronymo ''PLD''), electus est anno 2012 et rursus anno 2016. Ambivit de consilio magis pecuniae collocandae in programmatibus socialibus educationeque et minus in infrastructura. == Geographia == [[Fasciculus:Dominican Republic relief location map.jpg|thumb|350px|Rei publicae Dominicianae topographia.]] [[Fasciculus:Constanza.jpeg|thumb|300px|Vallis [[Constantia (Res publica Dominicana)|Constantiae]] (Hispanice ''Constanza'').]] Rei publicae Dominicianae territorium orientalem partem insulae [[Hispaniola]]e, sitae in [[Mare Caribaeum|Mari Caribaeo]] et secundae insulae maximae [[Antillae|Antillarum]] (post [[Cuba]]m), comprehendit. Eius superficies 48 442 km² est. Natio solum unum terrestrem limitem cum Re publica [[Haitia]]na occidente habet et [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] septentrione et [[Mare Caribaeum|Mari Caribaeo]] meridie alluitur; [[Canalis Monensis]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191555/http://www.waza.org/es/zoo/elegir-una-especie/reptiles/los-ofidios/epicrates-monensis waza.org] ubi apparet binomen "Epicrates monensis".</ref> (Hispanice ''Canal de la Mona'') Rem publicam Dominicianam a [[Portus Dives|Portu Divite]] separat. === Morphologia === Dominicianum territorium valde montuosum est, cui imminet [[Iugum Centrale (Res publica Dominicana)|Iugum Centrale]] (Hispanice ''Cordillera Central''), in quo exstat [[Duarte (culmen)|Culmen Duarte]] (Hispanice ''Pico Duarte''), maximum culmen in Caribaeo, 3 087 metra altum. Alia iuga montium [[Iugum Septentrionale (Res publica Dominicana)|Iugum Septentrionale]] (Hispanice ''Cordillera Septentrional'') seu [[Iugum Montis Christi]]<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dmaom.html Hierarchia Catholica].</ref> (Hispanice ''Sierra de Monte Cristi''), [[Iugum Orientale (Res publica Dominicana)|Iugum Orientale]] (Hispanice ''Cordillera Oriental''), [[Montes Yamasaenses]] (Hispanice ''Sierra de Yamasá''), [[Montes Samanaenses]]<ref name="samanaensis">Confer binomen "Lyria samanaensis".</ref> (Hispanice ''Sierra de Samaná''), [[Montes Baorucoense]] (Hispanice ''Sierra de Baoruco''), [[Montes Neyba]] (Hispanice ''Sierra de Neyba'') et [[Montes Martini Garcia]] (Hispanice ''Sierra Martín García'') sunt. Inter Iugum Centrale et Septentrionale patet [[Vallis Cibaoensis]]<ref>Confer binomen "Globorotalia cibaoensis".</ref> (Hispanice ''Valle del Cibao''), ampla uberque planities quae dat nomen toti septentrionali nationis regioni. Austrorientali in zona patet altera ampla litoralis planities. Maximus lacus Dominiciano in territorio [[Lacus Enriquillensis]]<ref name="Enriquillense"> Nomini lacus Hispanice ''Enriquillo'' nuncupato, confer binomen "Chondropoma enriquillense".</ref> seu [[Lacus Henriculus|Henriculi]]<ref>Nomen lacus nominatum est a regulo Henriculo (Hispanice ''Enriquillo'') qui apparet in libro "[https://books.google.es/books?id=vobbcIgAeK0C&pg=PA80&dq=bohechius&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidtq3pxvjWAhXLDcAKHY1zD5MQ6AEIPjAD#v=onepage&q=bohechius&f=false Annales minorum seu Trium Ordinum a S. Francisco institutorum, Volumen 15]", ubi dicitur: "(...) Henriculum, Indiarum nobilem, a se suisque Consodalibus optime a juventute apud Conventum Verae Pacis in provincia Xarague (in qua Bohequius, unus ex quinque Regibus Hispaniolae imperabat) (...)". </ref> (Hispanice ''Lago Enriquillo'') est, 265 km2 latus et oceanicae originis et cum superficie 44 metra sita supra aequor maris. === Clima === [[Fasciculus:Köppen Rei publicae Dominicianae.png|thumb|300px|left|[[Enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger|Typi climatum Köppen]] Rei publicae Dominicianae.]] [[Clima]] [[clima tropicum|tropicum]] Caribicum cum abundantibus pluviis et obviis climaticis laciniis respectu altitudinis. Temperatura media annua (inter minimum et maximum valorem quotidianum) e 19,5&nbsp;°C ad 15&nbsp;°C altitudinum aequarum aut altiorum ad 1000 metra supra aequor maris usque ad 1500 metra supra aequor maris; e 15&nbsp;°C ad 10&nbsp;°C e 1500 metris usque ad 2000 supra aequor maris; e 10&nbsp;°C ad 5&nbsp;°C e 2000 metra usque ad 2500 supra aequor maris; e 5&nbsp;°C ad 0&nbsp;°C e 2500 ad 3000 metra supra aequor maris variant. Ad 200 metra supra aequor maris computantur circa 25,5&nbsp;°C gradus mediae quantitatis annuae, ad transeundum ad 24&nbsp;°C ad 400 metra supra aequor maris, 22,5&nbsp;°C ad 600 metra supra aequor maris et 21&nbsp;°C mediae quantitatis ad 800 metra supra aequor maris. Maximae normaliter 40&nbsp;°C in vallibus calidas per periodos protectis attingere possunt, dum commune est ut attingantur 5&nbsp;°C in montibus [[tempora anni|tempore anni]] minime calido sed haud dubie pluviosissimo, [[Umidum (tempus anni)|tempore pluviarum]] (Octobri, Novembri, Decembri et adhuc Ianuario). Attamen, perceptibiliter, in parte, praecipitationes nivosae exiguissimae sunt propter penuriam montium multum altorum (excepto [[Duarte (culmen)|Culmine Duarti]] solum 3000 metra supra aequor maris eminente). Secundum tempus (et [[Umidum (tempus anni)|pluviarum]] et [[Siccum (tempus anni)|siccum]]) et respectu altitudinis maximae Solis in caelo, propter mediam nationis [[Latitudo geographica|latitudinem]], dies technice ex horis 11 ad solum minus quam horis 13 et minutis 16 durant. [[Umidum (tempus anni)|Tempus pluviarum]] Maio incipit et Novembri finitur, quamquam in septentrionali nationis regione pluviae adhuc mense Decembri pergunt. Torrentis indoles nonnullas terrarum labes facit, quamquam maxima damna [[huracanum|huracanis]] et tempestatibus tropicis afferuntur, quorum tempus anni ex Augusto usque ad Octobrem evenire solet. == Civilitas == [[Fasciculus:National Palace Dominican Republic1.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Palatium Nationale (Res publica Dominicana)|Palatium Nationale]] (Hispanice ''Palacio Nacional'') Dominicopoli.]] Natio generis praesidialis [[res publica]] est. Omnes homines maiorea quam 18 annos nati suffragium ferre possunt, sicuti nupti homines, cuiuslibet aetatis. Nihilominus, [[vigil]]es et [[miles|militares]] suffragium ferre nequeunt. [[Potestas exsecutiva]] a praeside et praeside vicario quadrienni muneri electis repraesentatur. Comitia praesidialia in singula quadriennia multipla numeri quattuor ([[2008]], [[2004]], [[2000]], etc...) die [[16 Maii]] habentur. [[Potestas legifera]] a [[Congressus Nationalis Rei publicae Dominicanae|Congressu Nationali Rei publicae Dominicianae]] (Hispanice ''Congreso Nacional de la República Dominicana'') geritur, quem duae camerae componunt: [[Senatus Rei publica Dominicanae|Senatus]] (Hispanice ''Senado'') et [[Camera Deputatorum Rei publicae Dominicanae|Camera Deputatorum]] (Hispanice ''Cámara de Diputados''). Senatus 32 sedes et Camera Deputatorum 178 habet. Comitia legifera in sigulos annos pares haud divisibiles per quattuor habentur per suffragium directum. === Rationes internationales === Res publica Dominiciana arctas rationes cum [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] et cum aliis Interamericani systematis civitatibus habet. Res publica Dominiciana fortissima vincula et rationes cum [[Portus Dives|Portu Divite]] habet. Rei publicae Dominicianae rationes vicina cum [[Haitia]] intentae sunt propter Haitianam gregariam migrationem in Rem publicam Dominicianam, Dominicianis civibus Haitianos ob auctum scelus et alia socialia problemata culpantibus.<ref>Childress, Sara (Sarah) ([[31 Augusti|pridie Kalendas Septembris]] anni 2011). [https://www.pri.org/stories/2011-08-31/dr-haitians-get-lost "DR to Haitians: get lost"] (Anglice). pri.org. Global Post. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2016.</ref> Res publica Dominiciana ordinaria [[Francophonia|Organizationis Internationalis Francophoniae]] (Francice ''Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie'') socia est. Res publica Dominiciana foedus liberi commercii cum [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]], [[Costarica]], [[Salvatoria]], [[Guatimalia]], [[Honduria]] et [[Nicaragua]] per [[Foedus Liberi Commercii inter Civitates Foederatas, Americam Centralem et Rem publicam Dominicianam]] (Hispanice ''Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Estados Unidos, Centroamérica y República Dominicana'' seu ''ILC''; Anglice ''Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement'' seu ''CAFTA-DR'')<ref>[https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/cafta-dr-dominican-republic-central-america-fta "CAFTA-DR (Dominican Republic-Central America FTA) | United States Trade Representative"] (Anglice). ''ustr.gov''. Inspectum die 2017-02-08.</ref> et Foedus Sodalitatis Oeconomicae cum [[Unio Europaea|Unione Europaea]] et [[Communitas Caribica|Communitate Caribica]] (Hispanice ''Comunidad del Caribe''; Anglice ''Caribbean Community''; Francice ''Communauté Caribéenne''; et Batavice ''Caribische Gemeenschap'') per [[Forum Caribicum]] seu CARIFORUM<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/regions/caribbean/ "Caribbean – Trade – European Commission"] (Anglice). ''ec.europa.eu''. Inspectum 2017-02-08.</ref> habet. === Vires armatae === [[Fasciculus:Two Commando soldiers of the MEFA provide security.jpg|thumb|300px|Dominiciani milites Dominicopoli se exercentes.]] [[Congressus Nationalis Rei publicae Dominicanae|Congressus]] (Hispanice ''Congreso'') auctoritatem dat coniunctae vi militari 44 000 activorum laboris legatorum. Vera activa laboris vis circiter 32 000 est. Quorum propemodum 50% sunt in usu haud militaribus activitatibus sicuti praebitoribus securitatis apparatuum haud militarium gubernativorum, portoriis autoviarum, carceribus, silviculturae, publicis et privatis societatibus. Rerum militarium [[archistrategus]] praeses est. Exercitus maior est quam aliae diaconiae coniunctae cum circiter 20 000 activis laboris legatis, consistens e peditatus cohortibus, cohorte auxiliari proelii una et cohorte auxiliari diaconiae in proelio una. Classis aëria praecipuas stationes duas operatur: alteram australi in regione prope Dominicopolin et alteram septentrione in regione prope [[Portus Argentarius|Portum Argentarium]]<ref name="Portus Argentarius">[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dpupl.html catholic-hierarchy.org].</ref> (Hispanice ''Puerto Plata''). Classis praecipuas stationes navales duas, alteram Dominicopoli et alteram [[Sinus Caldariarum|Caldariis]] (Hispanice ''Las Calderas'') austroccidentali in litore operatur et operatorias naves duodecim tenet. Res publica Dominiciana secundas maiores res militares Caribaea in regione post Cubam habet.<ref name="Relations">[https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35639.htm "U.S. Relations With the Dominican Republic"] (Anglice). [[Ministerium Rerum Externarum Civitatum Foederatarum]]. Die 22 Octobris anni 2012.</ref> Vires armatae Corpus Securitatis Specializatum Aëroportuum (Hispanico acronymo ''CESA'') et Corpus Securitatis Specializatum Portuum (Hispanico acronymo ''CESEP'') instruxerunt ad explendas internationalis securitatis necessitates his in areis. Virium armatarum secretarius etiam destinata ad formandum praesidium limitare (Hispanico acronymo ''CESEF'') nuntiavit. Vires armatae 75% operariorum Directorio Nationali Investigationum (Hispanico acronymo ''DNI'') et Directorio Nationali Contra Drogam (Hispanico acronymo ''DNCD'') praebent.<ref name="Relations"/> Vis Custodiae Nationalis Dominicianae 32 000 custodum continet. Custodia non pertinent ad vires armatas sed aliquae superposita securitatis munera partiuntur. Tres et sexaginta per centum vis in areis munera traditionalem extra custodiam ministrant, simili modo statui eorum militarium parium.<ref name="Relations"/> === Divisio administrativa === {{Vide-etiam|Provinciae Rei publicae Dominicianae}} {{Vide-etiam|Municipia Rei publicae Dominicianae}} [[Fasciculus:Administrativae divisiones Rei publicae Dominicianae.png|thumb|center|668x668px|Provinciae Rei publicae Dominicianae.]] Res publica Dominiciana divisa est in [[Provinciae Rei publicae Dominicianae|provincias]] 31. [[Dominicopolis]], caput, designatum est [[Districtus Nationalis]] (Hispanice ''Distrito Nacional''). Provinciae in [[Municipia Rei publicae Dominicianae|municipia]] divisae sunt, quae sunt secundi gradus politica administrativaque subdivisio hac in natione. Praeses 31 provinciarum gubernatores designat. [[Alcaldis|Alcaldes]] (Hispanice ''alcaldes'' seu ''síndicos'') et coetus municipales districtus municipales et Districtum Nationalem (Dominicopolin) administrant, qui eliguntur eodem tempore quam congressuales repraesentantes. == Oeconomia == [[Fasciculus:View of Santo Domingo Skyline.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Dominicopolis|Dominicopoleos]] centrum pecuniarium Rei publicae Dominicianae est.]] [[Fasciculus:Index inflationis Rei publicae Dominicianae.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Index inflationis per annum secundum fontem [https://web.archive.org/web/20090608172033/http://www.merkap.com/ Merkap Rei publicae Dominicianae].]] [[Oeconomia]] praecipue in [[agricultura]] et [[periegesis|periegesi]] nititur. Agricultura 7,1% e [[PDG]] (anno 2010) repraesentat, industriae 28,3% e [[PDG]] (eodem anno) repraesentant, et diakoniae, praesertim periegesis, 64,6 e [[PDG]] (eodem etiam anno) repraesentant. Periegesis crescens pondus ex [[anni 1990|annis 1990]] capit. Quae plus quam [[milliardum]] [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum]] repraesentat, et exsulum remissiones, praesertim e [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]], 1,5 milliarda dollariorum (anno 2000) repraesentant. Periegesis et remissiones ex exteris nationibus duos praecipuos pecuniae exterae fontes constituunt. Anno [[2009]], [[PDG]] realis 46,74 milliarda [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum Statunitensium]] erat, dum PIB pro incola 8 300 dollariorum erat et index [[inflatio]]nis 1,4% erat. Annis [[2003]] et [[2004]], natio, contextu plurium scandalorum inter quae hoc societatis argentariae [[Banco Intercontinental]], gravem crisin pecuniariam cognovit, quae in fortem devaluationem [[pensum Dominicianum|pensi Dominiciani]] (cuius paritas circiter e 16 pensis Dominicianis pro uno dollario Statunitensi ad 50 pensa Dominiciana pro uno dollario Statunitensi transivit), magnam inflationem et debiti contracti crisin induxit. Hanc crisin pecuniariam ampla deminutio fastigii vitalis incolarum comitata est. Administrationis mutatio post comitia praesidialia anni 2004, exeunte qua praeses exeuns electus non est, denuo dedit fiduciam internationalibus collatoribus, exeunte anno 2004 resiliente [[pensum Dominicianum|penso Dominiciano]] (28,45 pensorum Dominicianorum pro uno dollario Statunitensi). Annis 2005 et 2006, natio forte incrementum redintegravit, macrooeconomico statu stabilito. [[Fasciculus:Pdg Rei publicae Dominicianae.jpg|thumb|350px|left|[[Proventus domesticus grossus]] nominalis secundum fontem.]] Die [[22 Novembris]] anni 1916, sacerdos Michael Dominicus Fuertes Loren paroechiae Barahonensis a Ministerio Rei publicae Dominicianae veniam petivit ut exploraretur exercereturque fodinam quam is invenerat et quae continebat quoddam caeruleum saxum, [[larimar]]. Quod de caerulei coloris [[pectolithos|pectolitho]] agitur qui solum in Re publica Dominiciana et Italia invenitur. Quia nemo id de quo is loquebatur cognovit, eius petitio ad irritum cecidit et huius caerulei saxi inventio retardata est. Larimaris vena rursus inventa anno 1974 sed solum ex anno 1976 execita est. Duo incolae ex villagio Los Chupaderos, circa decem chiliometra ab urbe [[Barahona]]<ref name="Barahonensis">[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dbara.html catholic-hierarchy.org] ubi apparet "Dioecesis Barahonensis".</ref>, quemdam colorem caeruleum super orae harena et in fundo fluminis [[Bahoruco (flumen)|Bahoruconis]], in [[Mare Caribaeum]] influentis, animadverterant. Cum fluctum pedibus ascendissent, sic venam super sitam, in cacumine montis tecti luxuriosa tropici generis vegetatione, invenere. Nomen "larimar" a Michaele Méndez datum est, miscendo nomine suae filiae, "Larissa", cum [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanico]] substantivo "''mar''", "mare" significante. Villagii Los Chupaderos fodina sola larimaris fodina in toto orbe terrarum cognita constituit et larimar anno 1979 [[Gemma (lapis)|gemma]] classificatum est. Fodina in partes duas scissa est: hinc fossio a Civitate effecta machinalis reddita est, illinc ea humilium fossorum qui archaicis adiumentis laborant. Evaluatur qualitas petrae secundum colorationem: petra profundius caerulea, pretiosior est. Subvirides colorationes quoque cognoscuntur sed non bene aestimantur, nisi viridis intensus sit. Huius pectolithi crystallizatio intra caminos vulcanicos, ubi incandescens materia [[gas]]e pulsa, fit. Quamobrem, larimaris fossio de horum caminorum situ pendet. Etiam sociantur ad alios colores et alia mineralia. Rubrae colorationes in larimari ferri vestigia indicant. Notandum est pectolithos photosensibiles esse, eapropter larimar caeruleam colorationem amittit per annos. Res publica Dominiciana etiam est locus pracipuarum [[sucinum|sucini]] venarum. == Infrastructura == === Vectura === [[Fasciculus:Obelisco Santo Domingo.jpg|thumb|300px|Via principalis El Malecón [[Dominicopolis|Dominicopoli]].]] Natio tres truncales vias autocineticas habet, quae omnes praecipuas urbes connectunt. Quae sunt [[DR-1]], [[DR-2]] et [[DR-3]], quae e [[Dominicopolis|Dominicopoli]] versus septentrionales ([[Cibao]]nem<ref name="cibaoensis">Confer binomen "Globorotalia cibaoensis".</ref>), austroccidentales ([[Meridies (Res publica Dominiciana)|Meridiem]]) et orientales nationis partes ([[Oriens (Res publica Dominiciana)|Orientem]]), respective, discedunt. Haec viae autocineticae consequenter emendatae sunt expansis denuoque constructis multis sectionibus. Aliae duae nationales viae autocineticae divortio ([[DR-5]]) aut aliis tramitibus ([[DR-4]]) inserviunt. Praeter nationales viae autocineticas, gubernium se in expansiva reconstructione tramitum secundariorum divortii implicavit, qui minores urbes truncalibus cum viis autocineticis connectunt. Ultimis paucis annis gubernium viam cum portorio 106 chiliometra longam Dominicopolin boreorientali nationis paeninsulae connectentem construxit. Viatores nunc in [[Xamana]]m<ref name="Xamana">[https://books.google.es/books?id=MTY8AAAAcAAJ&pg=PT36&lpg=PT36&dq=%22primum+Santheremus+Xamanae+latus%22&source=bl&ots=TGz0GECZBL&sig=xqahpRYlRXKa7XjEBLt9G-phaY8&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjZ6Li8qdXWAhWCIcAKHQqrDpsQ6AEILTAA#v=onepage&q=Hifpaniola&f=false De rebus Oceanis & Orbe novo decades tres a Petro Martyro ab Anghiera], ubi dicitur "(...) In Huhabo provincia sunt regiones Xamana, Canabacoa, Cuhabo (...)".</ref> paeninsulam minus quam horas duas venire possunt. Alias apud additiones sunt viarum autocineticarum [[DR-28]] (inter [[Iarabacoa]]m et [[Constantia (Res publica Dominicana)|Constantiam]]) et [[DR-12]] (inter Constantiam et [[Bonao]]nem<ref name="bonaoensis">Confer binomen "Meliola bonaoensis".</ref>) reconstructio. Quamquam conatus facti sunt, multi tramites secundarii adhuc imbituminati aut conservatione egentes manent. Est in praesenti nationale programma ad bituminandos hos et alios usitatos tramites. Etiam, ferriviae urbicae systema [[Sanctus Iacobus Equitum|Sancti Iacobi Equitum]]<ref name="Equitum">[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsnca.html catholic-hierarchy.org] ubi apparet "Dioecesis Sancti Iacobi Equitum".</ref> rationis phasi sed in praesenti in spe est. Praecipuae [[Laophorium|laophoriorum]] diaconiae duae in Re publica Dominiciana sunt: altera a gubernio recta, per societates Oficina Técnica de Tránsito Terrestre (OTTT) ac Oficina Metropolitana de Servicios de Autobuses (OMSA) et altera privatis a societatibus recta, apud quas Federación Nacional de Transporte La Nueva Opción (FENATRANO) ac Confederación Nacional de Transporte (CONATRA). Gubernii systema vecturae magnos tramites in territoriis urbis sicuti Dominicopoli et Sancti Iacobi Equitum tegit. Sunt multae privatae laophoriorum societates, sicuti Metro Servicios Turísticos et Caribe Tours, quae quotidianos tramites operantur. [[Fasciculus:Stodgo metro.jpg|thumb|300px|9000 serierum paria in ferrivia subterranea Dominicopolitana probantur.]] Res publica Dominiciana [[Ferrivia subterranea|ferriviae subterraneae]] systema [[Dominicopolis|Dominicopoli]], nationis capite, habet. Est extensissimum ferriviae subterraneae systema insulari in [[Mare Caribaeum|Caribaeo]] et regione [[America Centralis|America Centrali]] per longitudinem et stationum numerum. Ferrivia subterranea Dominicopolitana praecipuae "Rationis Expertae Nationalis" pars est ad emendandam vecturam Dominicopoli non minus quam reliqua in natione. Primus trames designatus est ut levaretur maxima vehiculorum frequentia in viis principalibus Máximo Gómez et Hermanas Mirabal. Secundus trames, qui Aprili anni 2013 apertus est, maximam frequentiam per andronem Duarte-Kennedy-Centenario urbe ex occidente in orientem levare significatur. In praesenti ferrivia subterranea 27,35 chiliometra seu 16,99 milia passuum longa est, apertis duorum tramitum sectionibus Augusto anni 2013. Antequam secundus trames aperiretur, 30 856 515 insessorum in ferrivia subterranea Dominicopolitana anno 2012 vecti sunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023429/http://opret.gob.do/Documentos/Estad%C3%ADsticas%20Institucionales/Estad%C3%ADsticas%20de%20peaje%20y%20tiempo%20de%20recorrido%20al%202013.pdf "Estadísticas de peaje y tiempo de recorrido al 2013"] (PDF). opret.gob.do (Hispanice). Septembri anni 2013. p. 2. Inspectum die 17 Septembris anni 2013.</ref> Ambobus tramitibus apertis, insessorum quantitas auxit ad 61 270 054 insessorum anno 2014. === Instrumenta communicationis socialis === Res publica Dominiciana bene evolutam [[telecommunicatio]]num infrastructuram habet, cum diffusis diaconiis telephonorum gestabilium et domesticorum. [[Interrete]] caplare et [[Digitalis subnotatoris linea|DSL]] in plerisque nationis partibus apta sunt et multi praebitores diaconiarum interretialium diaconiam interretialem sine filis [[3G]] offerunt. Res publica Dominiciana secunda natio in [[America Latina]] fuit cui fuit diaconia sine filis 4G LTE. Relatae velocitates sunt e 256 chilio[[bit]]orum pro secundo aut 128 chiliobitorum pro secundo residentialibus diaconiis, usque ad quinque megabitos pro secundo aut unum megabitum pro secundo residentialibus diaconiis. Commerciali diaconiae sunt velocitates e 256 chiliobitorum pro secundo usque ad 128 chiliobitorum pro secundo (omnes congeries numerorum velocitates pro fluxu et contra fluxum, id est, ad usuarium et ex usuario, denotant). Incepta ad extendendos campos retis [[Wi-Fi]] Dominicopoli facta sunt. Commerciales nationis stationes radiophonicae et televisificae in processu transferendi ad spectrum digitale sunt, via [[HD Radio]] et [[Definitio alta|HDTV]], postquam officialiter adoptatae essent normae [[ATSC]] sicuti digitale instrumentum, exstincta analogica transmissione Septembri anni 2015. Societas telecommunicationes hac in natione regens INDOTEL (Instituto Dominicano de Telecomunicaciones) est. Maxima telecommunicationum societas [[Claro República Dominicana|Claro]] est, pars societatis [[Carolus Slim|Caroli Slim]] [[América Móvil]], sine filis, cum filis, [[fascia lata|fasciae latae]] et [[IPTV]] diaconias praebens. Iunio anni 2009 erant amplius octo milliones subnotatorum lineae telephonicae (et sine et cum filis) in Re publica Dominiciana, quod 81% incolarum nationalium repraesentat et quinquies incrementum ex anno 2000, cum 1,6 milliones erant. Campus telecommunicationum circa 3.0% [[PDG]] generat.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130116214535/http://listindiario.com/la-republica/2009/6/4/103567/Dice-el-806-por-ciento-de-los-dominicanos-tiene-telefonos "Dice el 80,6 por ciento de los dominicanos tiene teléfonos"] (Hispanice). listindiario.com. Die 5 Iunii anni 2009. Archivatum ex originali die 16 Ianuarii anni 2013.</ref> 2 439 997 usuariorum interretialium Martio anni 2009 erant.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110226134642/http://www.indotel.gob.do/component/option%2Ccom_docman/task%2Ccat_view/gid%2C110/Itemid%2C757 "Indicadores Telefónicos 2009"] (Hispanice). ''Indotel''. Archivatum ex originali die 26 Februarii anni 2011. Inspectum die 5 Iunii anni 2009.</ref> Novembri anni 2009, Res publica Dominiciana prima Latinamericana natio facta est quae "conspectum [[genus (scientiae sociales)|generis]]" includi in omni informationis communicatoriaeque technologiae proposito et programmate evoluto a gubernio pollicita est.<ref>[https://archivo.elnuevodiario.com.do/2009/11/16/indotel-garantiza-igualdad-de-genero-en-proyectos-tecnologicos-realiza-en-todo-el-pais/ "Indotel garantiza igualdad de género en proyectos tecnológicos realiza en todo el país"]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Hispanice). elnuevodiario.com.do. Die 16 Novembris anni 2009.</ref> Quod est pars regionalis propositi eLAC2010. Instrumentum quod Dominiciani omnes publica proposita designare aestimareque elegerunt methodum aestimationis generis APC est. === Electricitas === Electricitatis diaconia inconstabilis est e [[Raphael Trujillo|Raphaëlis Trujillo]] aera et tantum quam 75% apparatuum veteres sunt. Antiquum nationis rete electricum transmissionis amissiones affert magnam perscriptae electricitatis partem e generatoriis explicantes. Huius campi privatizatio per praevium [[Leonellus Fernández|Leonelli Fernández]] gubernium coepit.<ref name="Patterson"/> Recens collocatio pecuniae in "Magnus Electriductus inter [[Dominicopolis|Dominicopolin]] et [[Sanctus Iacobus Equitum|Sanctum Iacobum Equitum]] ad ferendam [[Potentia (physica)|potentiam]] 345 chilio[[vattium|vattiorum]], <ref>["Dominican Republic north-south power grid almost finished (Correct)"] (Anglice). Dominican Today. Die 29 Aprilis anni 2009. Archivatum ex originali Idibus Octobribus anni 2015. Inspectum Idibus Octobribus anni 2015.</ref>, reductis transmissionis amissionibus, praecipua collocatio pecuniae nationali in reti e mediis [[anni 1960|annis 1960]] refertur. Per [[Raphael Leónidas Trujillo Molina|Raphaëlis Trujillo]] regimen, electrica diaconia introducta est multis urbibus. Paene 95% usus in ratione nequamquam relatae sunt. Circa 2,1 millionum domorum dimidium in Re publica Dominiciana indicem mensorium habet et plerique non solvunt aut solvunt fixum menstruale pretium suae electricae diaconiae.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090603233719/http://www2.dominicantoday.com/dr/economy/2009/6/1/32173/Dominican-Government-hints-at-blackout-to-justify-electricity-hike "Dominican Government hints at blackout to justify electricity hike"] (Anglice). Dominican Today. Kalendis Iuniis anni 2006. Archivatum ex originali die 3 Iunii anni 2009.</ref> Domibus et generaliter electrica diaconia praebetur 110 [[voltium|voltiis]] alternans 60 [[hertz]]iis. [[Statunitensis|Statunitenses]] electrina vi actae machinae sine immutatione suo munere funguntur. Plerique Dominiciani ad electricitatem accessum habet. Periegeticae areae firmiorem electricitatis fluxum habere solent, sicuti negotia, itinerum, salutis et vitales infrastructurae.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120117175316/http://www.cdeee.gov.do/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=791%3Aedesur-agrega-3500-familias-a-24-horas-de-luz&catid=6%3Anoticias&Itemid=2 EDESUR agrega 3,500 familias a 24 Horas de Luz] (Hispanice). Cdeee.gov.do. Inspectum die 22 Septembris anni 2011.</ref> Intensi conatus nuntiati sunt qui efficaciam praebitionis locis ubi collectionis index 70% attingant augeant.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927025602/http://listin.com.do/app/article.aspx?id=9006 "Los apagones toman fuerza en circuitos de barrios PRA"] (Hispanice). Die 11 Aprilis anni 2007. Archivatum ex originali die 27 Septembris anni 2007. Inspectum die 24 Maii anni 2007.</ref> Electrico sectori magna vis politica confertur. Aliquae electrifinae societates satis pecuniae carent et aliquando sufficientem alimenti copiam emere nequeunt.<ref name="Relations"/> === Suppeditatio aquae et purgatio === Res publica Dominiciana speciosa incrementa accessui suppeditationis aquae et purgationis per praeterita duo decennia attigit. Nihilominus, qualitas diaconiarum suppeditandae purgandae aquae egens manet, quamquam oeconomia valde per annos 1990 crevit. Etsi melioratorum fontium aquae et melioratae purgationis opertio 86% et 83% respective relative altior est, sunt substantivae regionales dissimilitudines. Pauperes domi minores accessus gradus exhibent: solum 56% pauperum domorum cum domesticis aquae conexionibus conectuntur, dispar 80% domorum haud pauperum. Solum 20% pauperum domorum accessum ad cloacas habent, dispar 50% haud pauperum.<ref>["Dominican Republic: Environmental Priorities and Strategic Options Country Environmental Analysis"] (PDF) (Anglice). ''[[Argentaria Mundana]]''. Die 29 Iunii anni 2004. Archivatum ex originali (PDF) die 24 Octobris anni 2015.</ref> == Societas == === Demographia === [[Fasciculus:Dominican Rep demography.png|thumb|350px|Incolae Rei publicae Dominicianae inter annos 1961 et 2003.]] Rei publicae Dominicianae incolae 10 648 791 anno [[2016]] erant.<ref>[https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision"] (Anglice). ESA.UN.org (ad personam accommodata data acquisita via situs retialis). Ministerium Rerum Oeconomicarum et Socialium Nationum Unitarum, Divisio Incolarum. Inspectum die 10 Septembris anni 2017.</ref> Anno 2010, 31,2% incolarum minus quam 15 annos nati erant, et 6% incolarum erant magis 65 annos nati.<ref>[https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2012_Volume-II-Demographic-Profiles.pdf "World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision"] (Anglice) (PDF). Ministerium Rerum Oeconomicarum et Socialium Nationum Unitarum. 2013. p. 254.Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2016.</ref> Annuus index incrementi incolarum inter annos 2006 et 2007 1,5% erat, proiecto numero incolarum anni 2015 10 121 000.<ref>[https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf "World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, Highlights, Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP.202"] (Anglice) (PDF). Ministerium Rerum Oeconomicarum et Socialium Nationum Unitarum, Divisio Incolarum. 2007. Inspectum die 13 Ianuarii anni 2008.</ref> [[Spissitudo incolarum]] anno 2007 192 hominum pro chiliometro quadrato (seu 498 hominum pro mille passuum quadratorum) erat et 63% urbanas areas incolabant.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110808193423/http://www.conapofa.gov.do/estimaciones.asp "Población en Tiempo Real"] (Hispanice). Consejo Nacional de Población y Familia. Archivatum ex originali die 8 Augusti anni 2011. Inspectum die 13 Ianuarii anni 2008.</ref> Meridionales litorales planities et Vallis Cibaoensis<ref name="cibaoensis">Confer binomen "Globorotalia cibaoensis".</ref> densissime habitata loca sunt in natione. Caput [[Dominicopolis]] [[numerus incolarum|numerum incolarum]] 2 907 100 habebat anno 2010.<ref name="Population">[http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Dominican-Republic-POPULATION.html Dominican Republic – Population] (Anglice). Encyclopedia of the Nations.</ref> Apud alias ponderis urbes sunt [[Sanctus Iacobus Equitum]]<ref name="Hierarchia"/> (cum 745 293 incolarum), [[Romana (urbs)|Romana]] (cum 214 109 incolarum), [[Sanctus Petrus de Macoris (urbs)|Sanctus Petrus de Macoris]]<ref name="Macoris"/> (cum 185 255 incolarum), [[Hygvei]]<ref name="Hygvei"/> seu [[Salvaleon]]<ref name="Salvaleon">[http://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/pageview/12351901 Lexicon Universale Hofmann] ubi dicitur: "Hispaniola (...) a Dominicopoli loco memoranda, Salvaleon sacchari proventu nobilis (...)".</ref> (cum 153 174 incolarum), [[Sanctus Franciscus de Macoris]]<ref name="Sancti Francisci Macoris">[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsnfm.html catholic-hierarchy.org] ubi apparet "Dioecesis Sancti Francisci de Macoris".</ref> (cum 132 725 incolarum), [[Portus Argentarius]]<ref name="Portus Argentarius"/> (cum 118 282 incolarum) et [[Conceptio de Vega]]<ref name="Conceptio">[http://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/pageview/12351901 Lexicon Universale Hofmann] ubi dicitur: "Hispaniola (...) in parte Austr. Conceptio de Vega, sedes ante Episcopi, (...)".</ref> (cum 104 536 incolarum). Secundum [[Nationes Unitae|Nationes Unitas]], index incrementi urbanorum incolarum inter annos 2000 et 2005 2,3% erat.<ref name="Population"/> === Ethnē === [[Fasciculus:Dominican-people-cibao-1.jpg|thumb|300px|Dominiciani [[Moca (Res publica Dominicana)|Mocae]].]] Incolae Rei publicae Dominicianae 73% ethnice mixtae originis, 16% [[albicolores]] et 11% [[nigricolores]] sunt.<ref name="CIA"/> Immigrantia apud [[ethnos|ethnē]] hac in natione sunt [[Asia occidentalis|Mesanatolica]]<ref>Confer Graecum vocabulum Μεσανατολικό.</ref> —praesertim [[Libanus|Libanenses]], [[Syria]]ci et [[Palaestina|Palaestini]]— sunt.<ref name="Levinson">Levinson, David (1998). [https://books.google.es/books?id=uwi-rv3VV6cC&pg=PA345&redir_esc=y ''Ethnic groups worldwide: a ready reference handbook''] (Anglice). Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 345–6. ISBN 1-57356-019-7.</ref> Numerosi immigrantes ex aliis Caribicis nationibus venerunt, quia natio oeconomicas opportunitates obtulit. Sunt circa 32 000 [[Iamaica]]norum Rem publicam Dominicianam incolentes.<ref>Joshua Project (2016). [https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12316 "The Jamaicans people group is reported in 14 countries"] (Anglice). Joshuaproject.net. Inspectum die 19 October anni 2016.</ref> Est crescens [[Portoricus|Portoricensium]] immigrantium numerus, praesertim [[Dominicopolis|Dominicopoli]] et in locis circumiectis; Creduntur numerare propemodum 10 000.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110317050440/http://www.topix.com/forum/world/dominican-republic/T4ULLRH92RE5AQ2UL "Growing Puerto Rican population in the Dominican Republic1]" (Anglice). Universitas Centralis Orientis. Archivatum ex originali die 17 Martii 2011. Inspectum die 19 Iulii anni 2010.</ref><ref>[https://www.diariolibre.com/noticias/ms-de-medio-milln-de-inmigrantes-residen-en-el-pas-EDDL381577 "Más de medio millón de inmigrantes residen en el país"] (Hispanice). diariolibre.com. Kalendis Maiis anni 2013. Inspectum die 19 Octobris anni 2016.</ref> Sunt circiter 700 000 hominum [[Haitia]]nae originis, inclusa stirpe in Re publica Dominiciana nata. [[Asia Orientalis|Asiani Orientales]], imprimis ethnice [[Seres]] et [[Iaponia|Nipponenses]], quoque inveniri possunt.<ref name="Levinson"/> [[Europa]]ei ab [[Hispania|Hispanis]] maxime repraesentantur, sed etiam sunt minores multitudines [[Aschenates|Iudaeorum Germanicorum]], [[Italia]]norum, [[Lusitania|Lusitanorum]], [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannicorum]], [[Batavia|Batavorum]], [[Dania|Danorum]] et [[Hungari|Hungarorum]].<ref name="Levinson"/><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/caribbean.stm "Brits Abroad"] (Anglice). BBC News. Die 6 Decembris anni 2006. Inspectum die 3 Augusti anni 2010.</ref><ref name="CCNY">"CCNY Jewish Studies Class to Visit Dominican Village that Provided Refuge to European Jews During World War II" (Press release). City College of New York. November 13, 2006. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2010.</ref> Aliqui conversi [[Sephardim|Sepharditae]] [[Iudaei]] ex Hispania primarum expeditionum pars fuerunt, solum Catholici in [[Mundus novus|Mundum Novum]] venire permissi sunt.<ref>[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-inquisition "Christian-Jewish Relations: The Inquisition"]. ''Encyclopaedia Judaica''. Inspectum Idibus Maiis anni 2013.</ref> Postea, fuerunt Iudaei migrantes ex Hiberia et Europa [[anni 1700|annis 1700]] venientes.<ref> "Dominican Republic". ''Encyclopaedia Judaica''. 2008. Inspectum Idibus Maiis anni 2013.</ref> Aliqui in attingendo Mari Caribaeo successere profugi per et post [[Secundum bellum mundanum|Secundum Bellum Mundanum]]<ref>Levy, Lauren (die 6 Ianuarii anni 1995). [https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/dominican-republic-as-haven-for-jewish-refugees "The Dominican Republic's Haven for Jewish Refugees"] (Anglice). ''Jerusalem Post''.</ref><ref>"Jews in Dominican Republic". ''Encyclopaedia Judaica''. 6. 1971. Archivatum ex originali die 2013-03-10.</ref><ref> [https://web.archive.org/web/20131001221327/https://www.biblediscovered.com/jewish-hebrew-people-in-the-world/dominican-republic-jews-2/ "Dominican Republic-Jews"] (Anglice). ''biblediscovered.com''. Archivatum ex originali die Kalendis Octobribus anni 2013. Inspectum Idibus Maiis anni 2013.</ref> Aliqui Sepharditae Iudaei [[Sosua]]e residunt, dum alii dispersi sunt totam per nationem. Se Iudaei identificantes 3 000 numerantur; alii Dominiciani Iudaicam originem habere possunt propter matrimonia inter conversos Iudaeos Catholicos et alios Dominicianos e colonialibus temporibus. Aliqui Dominiciani in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae nati nunc in Re publica Dominiciana residunt, creantes certam exsilum communitatem.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110225044115/http://www.aca.ch/amabroad.pdf "American Citizens Living Abroad by Country"] (Anglice) (PDF). Ministerium Civitatis Statunitensis. Archivatum ex originali (PDF) die 25 Februarii anni 2011. Inspectum die 3 Augusti anni 2010.</ref> === Linguae === Rei publicae Dominicianae plerique incolae [[Hispanice]] loquuntur. Localis linguae Hispanicae varietas [[lingua Hispanica Dominiciana]] nuncupatur, quae arcte assimulatur aliis vernaculis in Mari Caribaeo et [[lingua Hispanica Canaria|linguae Hispanicae Canariae]]. Praeterea, vocabula ab Indigenicis Caribicis linguis particularibus insulae Hispaniolae mutuata est.<ref> Henríquez Ureña, Petrus (Pedro) (1940). ''El Español en Santo Domingo'' (Hispanice). Bono Aëre: Institutum Philologiae Universitatis Bonaëropolitanae.</ref><ref>Deive, Carolus Stephanus (Carlos Esteban) (2002). [https://books.google.es/books?id=tLTyydkMtrIC&pg=PA9&dq=El+%22Espa%C3%B1ol+Dominicano%22&redir_esc=y&hl=es#v=onepage&q=El%20%22Espa%C3%B1ol%20Dominicano%22&f=false ''Diccionario de dominicanismos'']. Dominicopoli: Librería La Trinitaria. pp. 9–16. ISBN 99934-39-07-X.</ref> Scholae ad instar Hispanicum exemplar educativum fundatur; Lingua Anglica et Francica obligatoriae linguae peregrinae et privatis et publicis scholis sunt,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110803222706/http://www.see.gob.do/documentosminerd/Desarrollo%20Curricular/guia-didac-inicial.pdf Guía Didáctica. Inicial] (PDF). Ministerium Educationis Rei publicae Dominicianae. I. 2010. ISBN 978-99934-43-26-1. Archivatum ex originali (PDF) die 3 Augusti anni 2011.</ref> quamquam qualitas docendarum linguarum peregrinarum ieiuna est.<ref> Apolinar, Bethania (die 2 Augusti anni 2015). [https://www.listindiario.com/la-republica/2015/08/02/382666/ensenanza-del-ingles-es-pobre-en-escuelas "Enseñanza del inglés es "pobre" en escuelas"] (Hispanice). Dominicopoli: Listín Diario. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2016.</ref> Aliquae privata instituta educativa disciplinam aliarum linguarum, insigniter Italianae, Iaponicae et Mandarinae, praebent.<ref>"Especialistas en idiomas" (Hispanice). Hoy digital. Die 28 Iunii anni 2006. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2016.</ref><ref>Pujols, Daniela (die 23 Aprilis anni 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20181013093433/https://listindiario.com/la-vida/2015/04/23/364463 "Colegio Chino: Cuando el idioma no es limitante"] (Hispanice). Listín Diario. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2016.</ref> [[Lingua creola Haitiana]] maxima lingua minoritaria est in Re publica Dominiciana et ea loquuntur [[Haitia]]ni immigrantes et eorum posteri.<ref> Baker, Colin; Prys Jones, Sylvia, eds. (1998). [ttps://books.google.es/books?id=YgtSqB9oqDIC&pg=PA389&dq=second+largest+language+spoken+in+the+dominican+republic&redir_esc=y&hl=es#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education''.] p. 389. ISBN 1-85359-362-1. Inspectum die 20 Novembris anni 2015.</ref> Est communitas paucorum milium hominum quorum proavi [[Lingua Anglica Samanaensis|Lingua Anglica Samanaensi]] in [[Paeninsula Samanaensis|Paeninsula Samanaensi]]<ref name="samanaensis">Confer binomen "Lyria samanaensis".</ref> loquebantur. Qui sunt posteri antiquorum addictorum Aframericanorum qui [[saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]] venerant, sed solum pauci senes hac lingua hodie loquuntur.<ref>Davis, Martha Hellena (Martha Ellen) (2011). [https://es.scribd.com/document/248798261/La-Historia-de-Los-Inmigrantes-Afro-Americanos-y-Sus-Iglesias-en-Samana-Segun-El-Reverendo-Nehemiah-Willmore "La Historia de Los Inmigrantes Afro-Americanos Y Sus Iglesias En Samaná Según El Reverendo Nehemiah Willmore".] ''Boletín Del Archivo General de La Nación''. 36 (129): 237–45.</ref> Periegesis, cultura [[musica popularis|popularis]] Statunitensis, Dominicianorum Statunitensium affectio et nationales oeconomicae relationes cum Civitatibus Foederatis Americae alios Dominicianos ad discendam linguam Anglicam incitant. Res publica Dominiciana collocata est ex ordine secundo in America Latina et tertio vicesimo in toto orbe terrarum in proficientia linguae Anglicae.<ref> [https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/which-countries-are-best-at-english-as-a-second-language-4d24c8c8-6cf6-4067-a753-4c82b4bc865b/ Which countries are best at English as a second language?] (Anglice), Forum Oeconomicum Mundiale. Inspectum die 10 Iulii anni 2017</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180706190728/https://www.ef.com/wwpt/epi/regions/latin-america/dominican-republic/ EF English Proficiency Index – Dominican Republic] (Anglice), EF Education First. Inspectum die 10 Iulii anni 2017.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Dominicianorum [[sermo patrius]] secundum anni 1950 censum<ref>Nicasio Rodríguez, Irma; Jesús de la Rosa (1998). ''Historia, Metodología y Organización de los Censos en República Dominicana: 1920–1993'' (Hispanice). Dominicopoli: Sedes Nationalis Statisticae. pp. 44, 131.</ref> |- ! Lingua !! Totum % !! Urbibus % !! Ruri % |-|| style="text-align:center;"| | [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanica]] || style="text-align:center;"| 98,00 || style="text-align:center;"| 97,82 || style="text-align:center;"| 98,06 |- | [[Lingua Francica|Francica]] || style="text-align:center;"| 1,19 || style="text-align:center;"| 0,39|| style="text-align:center;"| 1,44 |- | [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]] || style="text-align:center;"| 0,57 || style="text-align:center;"| 0,96|| style="text-align:center;"| 0,45 |- | [[Lingua Arabica|Arabica]] || style="text-align:center;"| 0,09 || style="text-align:center;"| 0,35|| style="text-align:center;"| 0,01 |- | [[Lingua Italiana|Italiana]] || style="text-align:center;"| 0,03 || style="text-align:center;"| 0,10|| style="text-align:center;"| 0,006 |- | Alia lingua || style="text-align:center;"| 0,12 || style="text-align:center;"| 0,35|| style="text-align:center;"| 0,04 |} === Religio === [[Fasciculus:Santo_Domingo_-_Catedral_Santa_Maria_La_Menor_02.JPG|thumb|[[Cathedralis Dominicopolitana]], prima cathedralis [[America]]e.]] {{bar box |título=Religiones in Re publica Dominiciana |width=350px |títulobar=#ddd |left1=Religio<ref>[ww.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_70_2.asp Dominican Republic (Anglice)]. The Association of Religion Data Archives.</ref> |right1=Percentatio |float=left |bars= {{bar percent|[[Religio Christiana|Christiani]]|#9955BB|95.0}} {{bar percent|[[Irreligio|Sine religione]]|red|2.6}} {{bar percent|Aliae [[Religio|religiones]]|blue|2.2}} }} Res publica Dominiciana [[Libertas religionis|libertatem religionis]], per suam constitutionem, permittit, dum etiam omnibus religionibus tolerationem confirmat. Attamen, [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana]] [[religio publica]] habetur, culta a 68,9% incolarum. Catholicos Romanos sequuntur [[Protestantes]] (18,2%), [[irreligio]]si (10,6%) et aliorum religionum asseclae (2,3%), ubi includuntur [[musulmanus|Musulmani]], [[Iudaei]], religiones Afrocaribicae ([[Palus (religio)|Palus]], [[Vodun]], [[Sanctaria]] et caetera) apud alias. Nuper hac in natione coeperunt coli aliae denominationes religiosae, sicuti [[Spiritismus|Spiritae]] (2,2%), [[Ecclesia Iesu Christi Diebus Ultimis Sanctorum|Mormones]] (1,1%), [[Buddhismus|Buddhistae]] (0,1%), [[Religio Baha'i|Bahaistae]] (0,1%) et religiones traditionales Sinicae (0,1%). Nationi duae [[Sanctus patronus|sanctae patronae]] sunt: [[Domina Nostra de la Altagracia]]<ref name="Domina">[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dnuse.html catholic-hierarchy.org] ubi apparet "Dioecesis A Domina Nostra vulgo de la Altagracia in Higüey, seu Higueyensis".</ref> et [[Nostra Domina Mercedis]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170624232219/http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_70_2.asp Dominican Republic] (Anglice). The Association of Religion Data Archives.</ref> Ecclesia Catholica exeunte saeculo XIX auram popularem perdere coepit. Quod accidit quia deficiebat collocatio pecuniae sacerdotibus et programmatibus subsidii. Eodem tempore motus Evangelicus Protestans auram popularem adipìsci coepit. Hac in natione religiosae discordiae rarae sunt.<ref>Encyclopedia of World Cultures "Dominicans", [http://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/christianity/roman-catholic-orders-and-missions/dominicans] (Anglice).</ref> === Praecipuae urbes === Hic inferius est tabula cum urbibus populosissimis in Re publica Dominiciana secundum Sationem Nationalem Statisticae anno 2015.<ref>["Expansión Urbana de las ciudades capitales de RD: 1988-2010"] (Hispanice). Dominicopoli: Statio Nationalis Statisticae. Kalendis Maiis anni 2015. ISBN 978-9945-8984-3-9. Inspectum die 25 Ianuarii anni 2016.</ref>: {| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin-left:0px; font-size:70%" |- ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | Positio ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | [[Urbs]] ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | [[Provinciae Rei publicae Dominicianae|Provincia]] ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | [[Numerus incolarum|Incolae]] ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | Positio ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | [[Urbs]] ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | [[Provinciae Rei publicae Dominicianae|Provincia]] ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | [[Numerus incolarum|Incolae]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 1 ||align=left | [[Dominicopolis]] <ref name="Egger">{{Egger DL|43}}</ref> seu [[Sanctus Dominicus (Res publica Dominiciana)|Sanctus Dominicus]]<ref name="Dominici">"Civitas S. Dominici": vide imaginem nostram anni 1589</ref> || [[Districtus Nationalis]] || 4 665 802 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 11 || align=left | [[Sanctus Ioannes Maguanensis]]<ref name="Ioannis">[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsjdr.html catholic-hierarchy.org] ubi apparet "Dioecesis Sancti Ioannis Maguanensis".</ref> || [[Sanctus Ioannes (Res publica Dominiciana)|Sanctus Ioannes]]<ref name="Ioannis"/> || 156 583 |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 2 ||align=left | [[Sanctus Iacobus Equitum]]<ref name="Equitum"/> || [[Sanctus Iacobus (Res publica Dominiciana)|Sanctus Iacobus]]<ref name="Argenteus">[http://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/pageview/12351901 Lexicon Universale Hofmann] ubi dicitur: "Hispaniola (...) nunc Dominicopolitana juncta, Zeibum, ''Zeibo'', Fanum S. Jacobi, ''Sant Jago'', egregio situ inclyta, Portus Argenteus, seu ''Puerto de la Plata'', ob commercii frequentiam, (...)".</ref> || 1 301785 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 12 || align=left | [[Cotoy]]<ref name="Dahabon">[https://books.google.es/books?id=MTY8AAAAcAAJ&pg=PT36&lpg=PT36&dq=%22primum+Santheremus+Xamanae+latus%22&source=bl&ots=TGz0GECZBL&sig=xqahpRYlRXKa7XjEBLt9G-phaY8&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjZ6Li8qdXWAhWCIcAKHQqrDpsQ6AEILTAA#v=onepage&q=Hifpaniola&f=false De rebus Oceanis & Orbe novo decades tres a Petro Martyro ab Anghiera], ubi dicitur "(...) Aliae sunt regiones, Dahabon, Cybaho, Manabaho. Cotoy est in insuale medio (...)".</ref><ref>[[:es:Cotuí#cite_ref-2|Vicipaedia Hispanica]], ubi dicitur: "''La ciudad de Cotuí es el municipio cabecera de la provincia de Sánchez Ramírez. Su nombre, escrito antiguamente Cotuy o Cotoy (...)''".</ref> || [[Provincia Sanchezramirensis]]<ref name="sanchezramirense">E gentilico Hispanico ''sanchezramirense''.</ref> || 154 343 |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 3 ||align=left | [[Portus Argenteus (urbs)|Portus Argenteus]]<ref name="Argenteus"/> seu [[Portus Argentarius (urbs)|Portus Argentarius]]<ref name="Argentarii">[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dpupl.html catholic-hierarchy.org] ubi apparet "Dioecesis Portus Argentarii".</ref> || [[Portus Argenteus]]<ref name="Argenteus"/> seu [[Portus Argentarius]]<ref name="Argentarii"/> || 330 783 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 13 || align=left | [[Urbs Baniensis]]<ref name="Baniensis">[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dbani.html catholic-hierarchy.org] ubi apparet "Dioecesis Baniensis".</ref> || [[Peravia]] || 145 595 |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 4 ||align=left | [[Hygvei]]<ref name="Hygvei"/> seu [[Salvaleon]]<ref name="Salvaleon"/> || [[Altagracia]]<ref name="Domina"/> || 322 266 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 14 || align=left | [[Bonao]]<ref>Confer binomen "Meliola bonaoensis".</ref> || [[Dominus Nouel (provincia)|Dominus Nouel]] || 142 984 |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 5 ||align=left | [[Sanctus Petrus de Macoris (urbs)|Sanctus Petrus de Macoris]]<ref name="Macoris"/> || [[Sanctus Petrus de Macoris (provincia)|Sanctus Petrus de Macoris]]<ref name="Macoris">[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsnpm.html catholic-hierarchy.org] ubi apparet "Dioecesis Sancti Petri de Macoris".</ref> || 263 077 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 15 || align=left | [[Haina (Res publica Dominicana)|Haina]]<ref>Confer binomen "Teichospora hainensis".</ref> || [[Sanctus Christophorus (provincia Dominiciana)|Sanctus Christophorus]] || 142 322 |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 6 ||align=left | [[Conceptio de Vega]]<ref name="Conceptio"/> || [[Vega (Res publica Dominiciana)|Vega]]<ref name="Conceptio"/> seu [[Provincia Vegensis]]<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dlave.html catholic-hierarchy.org] ubi apparet "Dioecesis Vegensis".</ref> || 253 919 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 16 || align=left | [[Barahona]]<ref name="Barahonensis"/> || [[Provincia Barahonensis]]<ref name="Barahonensis"/> || 138 470 |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 7 ||align=left | [[Sanctus Christophorus (urbs Dominiciana)|Sanctus Christophorus]] || [[Sanctus Christophorus (provincia Dominiciana)|Sanctus Christophorus]] || 240 705 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 17 || align=left | [[Azua Compostellae]]<ref name="Azua">[http://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/pageview/12351901 Lexicon Universale Hofmann] ubi dicitur: "Hispaniola (...) Azua seu Compostella & Mons Christi, salis fodinis fructuosa. (...)".</ref> || [[Azua]] <ref name="Azua"/> || 125 487 |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 8 ||align=left | [[Sanctus Franciscus de Macoris]]<ref name="Sanctus Franciscus de Macoris">[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsnfm.html catholic-hierarchy.org] ubi apparet "Dioecesis Sancti Francisci de Macoris".</ref> || [[Duarte]] <ref name="duarteensis">Confer binomen "Ilex duarteensis".</ref> || 213 906 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 18 || align=left |[[Mao]]<ref name="Mao">[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dbara.html catholic-hierarchy.org] ubi apparet "Dioecesis Maoënsis-Montis Christi".</ref> || [[Valverde (Res publica Dominiciana)|Valverde]] || 117 481 |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 9 ||align=left | [[Romana (urbs)|Romana]] || [[Romana (Res publica Dominiciana)|Romana]] || 207 784 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 19 || align=left | [[Nagua]] || [[Maria Trinitas Sánchez (provincia)|Maria Trinitas Sánchez]] || 117 195 |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 10 ||align=left | [[Moca (Res publica Dominicana)|Moca]] || [[Provincia Espaillatensis]]<ref name="espaillatense">Confer gentilicum Hispanicum "espaillatense".</ref> || 186 225 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 20 || align=left | [[Villa Formosa (Res publica Dominiciana)|Villa Formosa]] || [[Romana (Res publica Dominiciana)|Romana]] || 108 563 |}{{clear}} === Immigratio et emigratio === [[Fasciculus:Colonia Japonesa.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Iaponia|Iaponiensis]] descendentis familia [[Constantia (Res publica Dominicana)|Constantiae]] vicinitate Coloniae Iaponicae.]] [[Saeculum 20|Saeculo XX]], multi [[Arabes]] (e [[Libanus|Libano]], [[Syria]] et [[Palaestina]])<ref name="González">González Hernández, Iulius Amabilis (Julio Amable) (die 11 Augusti anni 2012). [http://www.idg.org.do/capsulas/agosto2012/agosto201211.htm "Registro de Inmigrantes de El Líbano"]. ''Cápsulas Genealógicas en Areíto'' (Hispanice).</ref>, [[Iaponia|Iaponienses]] et, minore gradu, [[Corea]]ni in natione agricolae et mercatores consederunt. [[Sinensis|Sinenses]] societates negotia in telecommunicationibus, fodinis et ferrivia invenerunt. Arabica communitas auget crescenti indice et numerantur 80 000.<ref name="González"/> Praeterea, descendentes immigrantium ex aliis Caribicis insulis venientium sunt, apud quas [[Sanctus Christophorus et Nives]], [[Antiqua (insula)|Antiqua]], [[Insula Sancti Vincentii|Sanctus Vincentius]], [[Mons Serratus (insula)|Mons Serratus]], [[Tortola]], [[Sancta Crux (insula)|Sancta Crux]]<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=jrRX72gH89QC&pg=RA4-PA639&lpg=RA4-PA639&dq=insula+%22Montis+serrati%22&source=bl&ots=06X3debBgl&sig=1O6YiPE2OGIncuT8tuQkJ8NVsZQ&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH--Gzq-XaAhUDjSwKHdgVCZEQ6AEIQDAJ#v=onepage&q=insula%20%22Montis%20serrati%22&f=false Hübner Ioannes. Kort begryp der oude en nieuwe geographie], ubi dicitur "S. CROIX in't Latijn Insula S. Crucis".</ref>, [[Sanctus Thomas (insula Virginea Civitatum Foederatarum)|Sanctus Thomas]]<ref>Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|stth|Dioecesis Sancti Thomae in Insulis Virgineis}}</ref> et [[Guadalupia (praefectura)|Guadalupia]]. Qui harundinis saccharinae plantationibus et navalibus [[Sanctus Petrus de Macoris (urbs)|Sancti Petri de Macoris]]<ref name="Macoris"/> et [[Portus Argenteus (urbs)|Portu Argenteo]]<ref name="Argenteus"/> seu [[Portus Argentarius (urbs)|Portu Argentario]]<ref name="Argentarii"/> laborabant. [[Portoricus|Portoricenses]], et minore gradu, [[Cuba]]ni immigrantes in Rem publicam Dominicianam e mediis [[anni 1800|annis 1800]] usque ad annum [[1940]] propter inopem oeconomiam et socialem perturbationem in suis respectivis nationibus fugerunt. Multi Portoricenses immigrantes [[Hygvei]]s<ref name="Hygvei">[https://books.google.es/books?id=Lmk8NQJuOYYC&pg=PA541&lpg=PA541&dq=xaragua+quinque+regna&source=bl&ots=sR2UpmmuwN&sig=pgR-Okk_dmk7K16ilQLWebcy6dY&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjkspX7hefVAhWLQBQKHXyEBWMQ6AEIPTAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false Georgi Horni Arca Noæ, sive Historia imperiorum et regnorum à condito orbe.]</ref> seu [[Salvaleon]]e<ref name="Salvaleon"/>, apud alias urbes, consederunt et rapide assimulati sunt similem ob culturam. Ante [[Secundum bellum mundanum|Secundum Bellum Mundanum]], 800 [[Iudaei|Iudaeorum]] profugorum in Rem publicam Dominicianam venerunt.<ref name="CCNY">"CCNY Jewish Studies Class to Visit Dominican Village that Provided Refuge to European Jews During World War II" (Press release). City College of New York. November 13, 2006. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2010.</ref> Innumeros immigrantes e [[Mare Caribicum|Caribicis]] nationibus venerunt, quia natio oeconomicas opportunitates ottulit. Sunt 32 000 [[Iamaica]]norum Rem publicam Dominicianam incolentium.<ref>Joshua Project (2016). [https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12316 "The Jamaicans people group is reported in 14 countries"] (Anglice). Joshuaproject.net. Inspectum die 19 Octobris anni 2016.</ref> Est crescens [[Portoricus|Portoricensium]] immigrantium numerus, praesertim [[Dominicopolis|Dominicopoli]] et locis circumiectis; Creduntur numerare circa 10 000.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110317050440/http://www.topix.com/forum/world/dominican-republic/T4ULLRH92RE5AQ2UL "Growing Puerto Rican population in the Dominican Republic"] (Anglice). Universitas Centralis Orientis. Archivatum ex originali die 17 Martii 2011. Inspectum die 19 Iulii anni 2010..</ref><ref>[https://www.diariolibre.com/noticias/ms-de-medio-milln-de-inmigrantes-residen-en-el-pas-EDDL381577 "Más de medio millón de inmigrantes residen en el país"] (Hispanice). diariolibre.com. Kalendis Maiis anni 2013. Inspectum die 19 Octobris anni 2016.</ref> ==== Haitiana immigratio ==== [[Fasciculus:Haiti deforestation.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Satellitalis imago finium inter nudum [[Haitia]]e prospectum (laeva) et Rei publicae Dominicianae (dextera), in promptu posita [[desilvatio]]ne Haitiani lateris.]] [[Fasciculus:Dominicans and Haitians Braving the Weather.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Dominiciani et Haitiani lineati ad frequentandas medicos praebitores e Subsidiis Exercitus [[Statunitensis]].]] [[Haitia]] Rei publicae Dominicianae vicina natio et valde inopior, minus evoluta et praeterea minime evoluta natio in Hemisphaerio Occidentali est. Anno 2003, 80% Haitianorum pauperes (54% abiecta paupertate viventes) et 47,1% analphabeti erant. Novem millionis hominum natio quoque rapide crescentem numerum incolarum habet, sed circiter duae tertiae partes operariorum formalibus laboribus carent. Haitianus per capita [[PDG]] 1 300 [[dollarium (CFA)|$]] anno 2008 aut minus quam una sexta pars Dominiciani erat.<ref name="CIA"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160131115215/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ha.html "CIA – The World Factbook – Dominican Republic"] (Anglice). [[Procuratio Nuntiorum Centralis]] (CIA). Inspectum [[10 Ianuarii]] anni 2010.</ref> Ideo hecatontades milium Haitianorum in Rem publicam Dominicianam migraverunt, aestimatis 800 000 Haitianorum hac in natione.<ref name="Diógenes"/>, dum alii in Haitia natos tam numerosos quam millio putant.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20020421144908/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/domrep/domrep0402-02.htm "Illegal people"] (Anglice). [[Custodia Iurum Humanorum]]. Archivatum ex originali die 2002-04-21. Inspectum die 29 Maii anni 2007.</ref> In demissi salarii et haud idoneis laboribus in re exstructoria, domestica purgatione et harundinetis saccharis laborare solent.<ref>Iacobus (James) Ferguson. [http://minorityrights.org/publications/migration-in-the-caribbean-haiti-the-dominican-republic-and-beyond/ "Migration in the Caribbean: Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Beyond"] (PDF) (Anglice). Minority Rights Group International. Inspectum die 14 Ianuarii anni 2008.</ref> Sunt accusationes ut aliqui Haitiani immigrantes condicionibus similibus servitudini laborent et valde sub iugum mittantur.<ref>[ttps://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-morse/haitian-cane-workers-in-t_b_626610.html?ref=twitter Ricardus (Richard) Morse: Haitian Cane Workers in the Dominican Republic] (Anglice). Huffingtonpost.com. Inspectum die 22 Septembris anni 2011.</ref> Propter basicarum opium et medicarum facultatum carentiam in Haitia, magnus Haitianarum feminarum numerus, crebro cum aliquot salutis problematibus advenientes, Dominicianum versus solum limites transeunt. Consulto adveniunt per ultimas gravitatis hebdomades medicam curam partui impetratum, quia Dominiciana publica nosocomia medicas curas non recusant propter nationalitatem aut legalem statum. Statistica Dominicopolitano e nosocomio circa 22% partuum Haitianarum matrum esse referunt.<ref>Pantaleón, Doris (die 20 Ianuarii anni 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20101013090741/http://listin.com.do/la-republica/2008/1/20/45034/El-22-de-los-nacimientos-son-de-madres-haitianas "El 22% de los nacimientos son de madres haitianas"] (Hispanice). Listin Diario. Archivatum ex originali die 13 Octobris anni 2010.</ref> Haitia quoque severam ambitalem degradationem patitur. Desilvatio in Haitia divulgata est; hodie minus quam quaternae centesimae partes Haitianarum silvarum manent, et pluribus in locis solum usque ad saxum basale valde erodatum est.<ref>"Dirt Poor — Haiti has lost its soil and the means to feed itself" (Anglice).</ref> Haitiani carbonem ligni urunt ut 60% domesticae energiae producantur. Cum Haitia virentem materiem urendam consumpsisset, Haitiani illegalem carbonis mercatum Dominiciano in latere creaverunt. Consertoriae aestimationes illegalem motum 115 [[tonna]]rum carbonis per hebdomadem e Re publica Dominiciana in Haitiam calculant. Dominiciani officiales saltem decem autoplautra per hebdomadem carbone onerata fines transire aestimant.<ref>[http://latinamericanscience.org/2014/03/the-charcoal-war/ "The charcoal war"] (Anglice).</ref> Anno 2005, Dominicianus Praeses Leonellus Fernández collectivas Haitianorum expulsiones impugnant, quia factae sunt "abusivo inhumanoque modo".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070422232810/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR270012007 "Dominican Republic: A Life in Transit"]. [[Amnestia Internationalis]]. Die 21 Martii anni 2007. Archivatum ex originali die 22 Aprilis anni 2007. Inspectum die 3 Iunii anni 2007.</ref> Cum Nationum Unitarum delegatio praeliminariam relationem se grave problema rassismi discriminationisque contra Haitianae originis homines invenisse affirmantem edixisset, Dominicianus [[Minister rerum externarum|Minister Rerum Externarum]] [[Carolus Morales Troncoso]] formalem affirmationem id denuntians edixit, asserverans: "nostri fines cum Haitia problemata habent; hoc est nostra realitas et intellegenda est. Praecipuum suverenitatem cum indifferentia et securitatem cum [[xenophobia]] non confundere est".<ref>Diogenes (Diógenes) Pina (Pridie Kalendas Novembres anni 2007). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080109074036/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=39867 Republic: Gov't Turns Deaf Ear to UN Experts on Racism"] (Anglice). Inter Press Service (IPS). Archivatum ex originali die 9 Ianuarii anni 2008. Inspectum die 14 Ianuarii anni 2008.</ref> Haitianorum immigrantium pueri crebro discives sunt et diakoniae eis denegantur, quoniam etiam parentibus denegatur Dominiciana nationalitas, et transeuntes residentes propter suum illegalem aut indocumentatum statum putantur; pueris, quamquam crebro eligibiles sunt Haitianae nationalitati<ref>[http://www.oas.org/juridico/MLA/en/hti/en_hti-int-const.html "Constitutio Haitianae anni 1987"] (Anglice). Inspectum die 16 Octobris anni 2010. "ARTICULUS 11: Quilibet homo e Haitiano patre aut Haitiana matre qui nativi Haitiani essent et nunquam suam nationalitatem renuntiaverint natus Haitianam nationalitatem partus tempore possidet"</ref>, haec negatur ab Haitia, ob carentiam propriorum documentorum aut testium.<ref>Maureen Lynch (Kalendis Novembribus anni 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080708224221/http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/9770 "Dominican Republic, Haiti, and the United States: Protect Rights, Reduce Statelessness"] (Anglice). Refugees International. Archivatum ex originali die 8 Iulii anni 2008.</ref><ref>Andreas (Andrew) Grossman (die 11 Octobris anni 2004). [http://www.uniset.ca/naty/maternity/ "Birthright citizenship as nationality of convenience"] (Anglice). ''Acta Tertii Colloquii de Nationalitate''. Consilium Europaeum. Inspectum die 3 Iunii anni 2007.</ref><ref> [https://web.archive.org/web/20080708193320/http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000052/005242.htm "Dominican Republic, Haiti, and the United States: Protect rights, reduce statelessness"]. Reuters. Die 19 Ianuarii anni 2007. Archivatum ex originali die 8 Iulii anni 2008. Inspectum die 29 Maii anni 2007.</ref><ref>Michaela (Michelle) García (2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070807031700/http://www.amnestyusa.org/Fall_2006/No_Papers_No_Rights/page.do?id=1105216&n1=2&n2=19&n3=358 "No Papers, No Rights"] (Anglice). [[Amnestia Internationalis]]. Archivatum ex originali die 2007-08-07. Inspectum die 29 Maii anni 2007.</ref> === Emigratio === [[Fasciculus:Dominican people at Dominican parade, New York City.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Pompa Diei Dominiciani [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]] anno 2014.]] Trium exeuntis [[saeculum 20|saeculi XX]] undarum prima anno 1961 coepit, interfecto dictatore Trujillo,<ref>Iacobus (James) A. Wilderotter (die 3 Ianuarii nni 1975). [https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//NSAEBB/NSAEBB222/family_jewels_wilderotter.pdf "Memorandum for the File, "CIA Matters""] (Anglice) (PDF). National Security Archive.</ref> propter metum talionis a dictatoris Trujillo sociatis et politicam incertitudinem generatim. Anno [[1965]] Civitates Foederatae Americae militarem Rei publicae Dominicianae occupationem inceperunt ut finiretur bellum civile. Praeter haec, Civitates Foederatae itinerum restrictiones leniverunt, quod facilius ut Dominiciani Statunitensia visa impetrarent fecit.<ref>Morrison, Thomas K.; Sinkin, Ricardus (Richard) (hieme anni 1982). "International Migration in the Dominican Republic" (Anglice). ''International Migration Review''. 16 (4, Special Issue: International Migration and Development): 819–836. doi:10.2307/2546161. JSTOR 2546161.</ref> E 1966 in 1978, exodus perrexit, propulsus alta vacuitate laboris et politica repressione. Communitates prima immigrantium unda in CFA sessae rete quod posteriores adventus adiuvaret creaverunt.<ref name="Annenberg">[http://www.learner.org/libraries/socialstudies/9_12/weir/background.html "Migration Trends in Six Latin American Countries"] (Anglice). Annenberg Foundation.</ref> Ineuntibus anni 1980, horarium deminutum operis, inflatio et incrementum valoris dollarii, omnia ad tertiam emigrationis undam e Re publica Dominiciana contribuerunt. Hodie, emigratio e Re publica Dominiciana alta manet.<ref name="Annenberg"/> Anno 2012 erant propemodum 1,7 milliones Dominiciani descendentes in CFA, computatis et nativis et peregre natis.<ref>US Census Bureau 2012 American Community Survey B03001 1-Year Estimates HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN (Anglice). Archivatum die 15 August anni 2014, in Wayback Machine. Inspectum die 20 Septembris anni 2013.</ref> Erat etiam crescens Dominiciana immigratio in [[Portoricus|Portoricum]], cum prope 70 000 Dominicianorum ibi anno 2010 viventium. Quamquam iste numerus lente decrevit et immigratio motus inversus est ob Portoricensem crisin oeconomicam anni 2016. === Valetudo === [[Fasciculus:Homs links 179.jpg|thumb|Valetudinarium Metropolitanum [[Sanctus Iacobus Equitum|Sancti Iacobi Equitum]].]] Anno [[2007]], Res publica Dominiciana natalium indicem 22,91 pro 1000 et mortuorum indicem 5,32 pro 1000 habuit.<ref name="CIA"/> Dominiciana iuventus in Re publica Dominiciana aetatis grex sanissimus est. [[Sida]]e et viri [[VIDH]] praevalentia in Re publica Dominiciana anno 2011 et propemodum in 0,7% collocatur, quae est relative demissa Caribicas intra formas, cum circiter 62 milliones Dominicianorum positivorum sidae/viro VIDH.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160629102325/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.DYN.AIDS.ZS/countries Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15–49) | Data | Table] (Anglice). Data.worldbank.org. Inspectum die 2 Aprilis anni 2014.</ref> Per contra, vicina Haitia sidae viri VIDH indicem ad Rem publicam Dominicianam correspondentem duplicat. Missio in CFA fundata ad pugnandum contra sidam hac in natione adiuvat.<ref>«The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief» (Anglice) (PDF). Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator. Aprili anni 2005. Archivatum forma (PDF) die 15 Februarii anni 2009.</ref> [[Febris dengue]] [[endemismus|endemica]] in Re publica facta est et sunt casus [[malaria]]e et [[Zika virus|Zikae viri]].<ref>[https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/risk-of-zika-selected-destination «Zika Virus in the Dominican Republic»] (Anglice). ''CDC''. [[5 Augusti|Nonis Augustis]] anni 2016. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2016.</ref><ref>[https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/DominicanRepublic.html «Dominican Republic».] ''[[Ministerium Rerum Externarum Civitatum Foederatarum]]''. nspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2016.</ref> [[Abortus|Abruptio graviditatis]] illegalis est omnibus casibus in Re publica Dominiciana, prohibitio quae includit conceptiones post [[stuprum]] aut [[incestus|incestum]] et condicionibus quibus matris valetudo in periculo versatur, quamquam sit letalis.<ref>Romo, Raphaël (Rafael) (die 18 Augusti anni 2012). [https://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/18/world/americas/dominican-republic-abortion/index.html Pregnant teen dies after abortion ban]. ''CNN''.</ref> Haec prohibitio reiterata est a Gubernio Dominiciano in rogatione constitutionalis emendationis Septembri anni 2009.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/2009/09/18/dominican-republic-reaffirms-commitment-against-legalizing-abortion.html «Dominican Republic Reaffirms Commitment Against Legalizing Abortion».] (Anglice) Fox News. Die 18 Septembris anni 2009. Inspectum anno 10 Septembris anni 2010.</ref> === Educatio === [[Fasciculus:UASD Santiago - 031.jpg|thumb|[[Universitas Autonoma Dominicopolitana]] (Hispanice: ''Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo'').]] Ludus litterarius a Ministerio Educationis temperatur, cum educatio omnium civium et iuvenum ius in Re publica Dominiciana sit.<ref>[http://www.oas.org/juridico/spanish/mesicic2_repdom_sc_anexo_7_sp.pdf "LEY 66–97 Ley General de Educación"] (Hispanice) (PDF).</ref> Puerorum ludus dissimilibus in cyclis ordinatur et prodest ad circulum aetatis inter 2 et 4 ac ad circulum aetatis inter 4 et 6. Puerorum ludus obligatorius non est, excepto ultimo anno. Basica educatio obligatoria est et prodest pueris inter 6 et 14 annos natis. Educatio Secundaria obligatoria non est, quamquam est munus Civitatis eam offerre gratis. Prodest pueris inter 14 et 18 annos natis et ordinatur communi in nucleo quattuor annorum et trium modorum bimorum studiorum quae offeruntur in tribus dissimilibus optionibus: generali seu academico, polytechnico (industriali, agrario et diaconiis) et artificioso. Educationis Superioris systema in institutis et universitatibus consistit. Instituta maioris technici gradus cursus offerunt. Universitates curricula technica, graduum et postgraduum offerunt; temperantur a Ministerio Educationis Superioris, Scientiae et Technologiae.<ref>[http://www.seescyt.gov.do/baseconocimiento/Leyes y reglamentos/Ley139-01 Educación Superior.pdf "Ley 139-01 de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología"]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Hispanice) (PDF). Archivatum ex originali (PDF) Kalendis Maiis anni 2015.</ref> === Crimen === Anno 2012 Res publica Dominiciana [[index caedium|indicem caedium]] 22,1 pro 100 000 hominum habebat.<ref name="UNODC">[https://www.unodc.org/gsh/en/index.html "UNODC: Global Study on Homicide"] (Anglice). ''[[Officium Nationum Unitarum drogis et sceleribus cohibendis]]''. Anno 2013. Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2016.</ref> Erat summa 2 268 caedium in Re publica Dominiciana anno 2012.<ref name="UNODC"/> Res publica Dominiciana locus [[Transitus (commercium)|transitus]] [[Columbia]]nis [[droga|drogis]] destinatis ad Europam non minus quam Civitates Foederatas Canadamque facta est.<ref name="CIA"/><ref>Michael Winerip (die 9 Iulii anni 2000). [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/09/us/why-harlem-drug-cops-don-t-discuss-race.html?scp=2&sq=Why%20Harlem%20Drug%20Cops%20Don%27t%20Discuss%20Race&st=cse "Why Harlem Drug Cops Don't Discuss Race"]. ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> [[Lavatio pecuniae]] a [[Columbia]]nis [[droga]]e [[chartelum|chartellis]] propter illicitarum pecuniariarum transactionum facilitatem secundatur.<ref name="CIA"/> Anno 2004, aestimabatur 8% cocaini furtim in Civitates Foederatas importati per Rem publicam Dominicianam venisse.<ref>Ribando, Clara (Claire) (die 5 Martii anni 2005). [https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/46402.pdf "Dominican Republic: Political and Economic Conditions and Relations with the United States"] (Anglice) (PDF). CRS Report for Congress. Retrieved May 29, 2007.</ref> Res publica Dominiciana respondit cretis conatibus prehendendorum drogiae [[Transitus (commercium)|transituum]], illorum involutorum comprehendorum tradendorumque et confligendae lavationis pecuniae. Crebro levis tractatio violentorum scelerorum continuus localis controversiae fons fuit. Aprili anni 2010, quinque adulescentes, 15 et 17 annos nati, telo duos autocineti meritorii rectores transfixerunt et interfecerunt et alios quinque interfecerunt cum coegissent eos acidum purgatorium bibere. Die 24 Septembris anni 2010, adulescentes ad catenase tribus ad quinque annos damnati sunt, quamquam autocineti meritorii rectorum familiae reclamitaverunt.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-11404313 "Teenagers jailed for taxi drivers' murder"] (Anglice). ''BBC News''. die 24 Septembris anni 2010.</ref> == Cultura == Propter [[syncretismus|culturalem syncretismum]], Dominicianorum cultura moresque [[Europa]]eam culturalem basin habet, et [[Africa|Africis]] et autochthonicis [[Taini]]cis elementis affectam, quamquam endogena elementa Dominicianam intra culturam orta sunt;<ref name="Esteva">Esteva Fabregat, Claudius (Claudio) (1981). "La hispanización del mestizaje cultural en América" (PDF). ''Revista Complutense de Historia de América'' (Hispanice). [[Universitas Complutensis Matritensis]]. 1: 133. ISSN 0211-6111. Inspectum die 26 Augusti anni 2016.</ref> culturaliter Res publica Dominiciana est apud Europaissimas nationes in [[America Hispanica]], iuxta cum [[Portoricus|Portorico]], [[Cuba]], [[Chilia|Chilia Media]], [[Argentina]] et [[Uraquaria]].<ref name="Esteva">Esteva Fabregat, Claudius (Claudio) (1981). "La hispanización del mestizaje cultural en América" (PDF). ''Revista Complutense de Historia de América'' (Hispanice). [[Universitas Complutensis Matritensis]]. 1: 133. ISSN 0211-6111. Inspectum die 26 Augusti anni 2016.</ref> Hispanica instituta coloniali tempore in Dominicianae culturae creatione praevalere potuerunt, sicuti relativus successus in [[acculturatio]]ne et [[assimilatio culturalis|assimilatione culturali]] Africorum servorum Africum culturalem pondus deminuerunt, comparatione aliarum Caribicarum nationum. [[Fasciculus:Campesino cibaeño.png|thumb|upright=0.9|"Agricola Cibaoenis" (Hispanice ''Campesino cibaeño''), anno 1941 in Museo Artis Modernae (Hispanice ''Museo de Arte Moderno'') [[Dominicopolis|Dominicopoli]].]] Musica et artes athleticae praecipuae Dominiciana in cultura sunt, cum essent [[Meringinis (genus musicum)|meringinis]] ac [[bachata]] (Hispanice ''merengue'' ac ''bachata'', respective) nationales saltatio musicaque et [[basipila]] percara ars athletica.<ref name="Ambasciata"/> === Artes oculorum === Dominiciana ars forsitan nitidorum ardentiumque colorum imaginibusque quae in omnibus periegeticis munusculorum tabernis totam per nationem venduntur adiuncta est. Nihilominus, natio longam [[bellae artes|bellarum artium]] historiam in medios [[anni 1800|annos 1800]] regressam habet, cum natio independens facta est et nationalis artis scaena oriri coepit. Historice, huius temporis picturae in imaginibus conexis ad nationalem independentiam, historicas scaenas, efficies sed etiam topia et naturae mortuae imagines versae sunt. Picturae genera inter [[neoclassicismus|neoclassicismum]] et [[romanticismus|romanticismum]] extenduntur. Inter annos 1920 et 1940 artis scaena [[Realismus (artes)|realismi]] et [[impressionismus|impressionismi]] generibus affecta est. Dominiciani artifices in frangenda priora academica genera incubuerunt ut evolverentur independentiora individualiaque genera. === Architectura === [[Fasciculus:DOMREP-s-dom-panteon-innen.jpg|thumb|left|Pantheum nationale [[Dominicopolis|Dominicopoli]].]] [[Architectura]] in Re publica Dominiciana complexam dissimilium culturarum permixtionem repraesentat. Profundum [[Europa]]eorum colonorum pondus evidentissimum totam per nationem est. Ornatis designationibus et [[Barocus|barocis]] structuris distinctum, hoc genus urbe capite [[Dominicopolis|Dominicopoli]] melius videri potest, quae est domus primae cathedralis, castelli, monasterii et fortalitiae in tota [[America]], sitorum Urbe Coloniali (Hispanice ''Ciudad Colonial'') huius urbis, area declarata [[Patrimonium totius mundi|patrimonio totius mundi]] ab [[UNESCO]].<ref>[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/526 "Colonial City of Santo Domingo"] (Anglice et Francice). Centrum [[Patrimonium totius mundi|patrimonii totius mundi]] ab [[UNESCO]].</ref><ref>[http://www.unesco.org/nac/geoportal.php?country=DO&language=E "Dominican Republic National Commission for UNESCO"] (Anglice et Francice). ''UNESCO''. Die 14 Novembris anni 1957. Consultum die 24 Augusti anni 2016.</ref> Designationes extensae sunt per villas et aedificia totam per nationem. Animadverti potest quoque in aedificiis exteriores partes tectorio politas, flexas ianuas fenestrasque et rubrarum tegularum tecta continentibus. Autochthones Rei publicae Dominicianae gentes etiam significativum pondus in nationis architectura habuit. [[Taini]] magnopere anacartio et guano (siccis arecaceais foliis) nitebantur ad componenda opera manualia, opera artis, supellectiles et domos. Luto, culmatis tectis et anacartio, dederunt aedificiis interioribusque supellectilibus naturalem aspectum, continenter mixtum cum insulae circumiectis. Nuper, orta periegesi et crescente favore populi sicuti Caribica vacationis destinatione, architecti in Re publica Dominiciana nunc innivatorias designationes emphasim in luxu ponentes incorporare coepit. Multimodis architecturalia loca ludrica, villae et deversoria nova genera implent, dum exsecutiones veteribus de rebus offeruntur. Hoc novum genus simplificatis angularibus angulis et magnis fenestris exteriores interioresque partes commiscentibus depingitur. Habita cultura sicuti toto, praesentes architecti locupletem Rei publicae Dominicianae historiam et aliquot culturas complectuntur ad creandum aliquod novum. Inspectis novis villis, inveniri potest trium praecipuorum generum coniunctio: villa angularem, modernisticam aedificationem, flexas Hispanici Colonialis generis fenestras et traditionalem Tainicum lectulum pensilem in cubiculi maeniano continere potest. === Coquina === [[Fasciculus:ChicharronMixto.JPG|thumb|Tzitzarro mixtus, commune ferculum hac in natione ortum ex [[Vandalitia]] in meridionali Hispania.]] Dominiciana coquina praesertim [[Gastronomia Hispanica|Hispanica]], [[Taini]]ca, et [[Africa]] est. Usitata coquina simillima inventae{{dubsig}} in aliis [[America Latina|Latinamericanis]] civitatibus est, sed multa e ferculorum nominibus dissimilia sunt. Ientaculi ferculum ex [[ovum|ovis]] et [[mangu]] (Hispanice ''mangú'') sive aulicoctorum [[plantanus|plantanorum]] pulticula consistit. Vigoratiores{{dubsig}} mangus versiones sociantur frictae carni, praesertim salumini<ref>[[:en:Salami#cite_ref-2|Vicipaedia Anglica]]</ref> Dominiciano (Hispanice ''salami Dominicano''); caseo; aut ambobus. Prandii, generatim maximus et praecipuus cibus quotidianus, plerumque ex [[oryza]], carne, is et acetariis consistens. [[Vexillum (ferculum)|Vexillum]] (Hispanice ''La Bandera'') prandii ferculum cum maximo populi favore est; consistens e carne et rubris fabis super alba oryza. [[Sancoctum]] (Hispanice ''sancocho'') est minutal crebro carnis varietatibus septem factum. [[Fasciculus:Patacones.JPG|thumb|upright=0.9|Tostones, frictorum [[plantanus|plantanorum]] ferculum.]] Cibi carnibus amylisque pro lacticiniis holeribusque favere solent. Multa fercula [[condimentum frictum|condimento fricto]] (Hispanice ''sofrito'') fiunt, quod est mixtura localium herbarum quibus utuntur sicuti umido condimento carnibus et assatura quae augeat omnes sapores ferculorum. Austrocentrale per litus, [[purgurium]] sive integrum [[Triticum (alimentum)|triticum]] praecipuum elementum [[tabbula|tabbūla]] seu purgurii acetaria (Hispanice ''quipes'' seu ''tipili'') est. Apud alios praedilectos cibos sunt [[tzitzarro]]nes (Hispanice ''chicharrones''), [[manihot esculenta]] (Hispanice ''yuca''), [[tapioca]] (Hispanice ''casabe''), [[pastelletti]] (Hispanice ''pastelitos'') seu [[artocreas|artocreata]] (Hispanice ''empanadas''), [[Ipomoea batatas|batatae]], [[pastelli]] (Hispanice ''pasteles en hoja''), [[isicium Dominicianum|isicia Dominiciana]] (Hispanice ''chimichurris'') et [[tosto]]nes (Hispanice ''tostones''). Aliquae bellaria quibus Dominiciani fruuntur sunt [[oryza cum lacte]] (Hispanice ''arroz con leche''), [[scriblita Dominiciana]] (Hispanice ''bizcocho dominicano''), [[fabae cum dulci]] (Hispanice ''habichuelas con dulce''), [[pulticula tumida]] (Hispanice ''flan''), [[nivata sorbitio]] (Hispanice ''frío frío''), [[dulce lactis]] (Hispanice ''dulce de leche''), [[harundo saccharina]] (Hispanice ''caña''). Potiones quibus Dominiciani fruuntur sunt [[morir soñando]], [[rhomium]], [[cervesia]], [[mamma ioanna]] (Hispanice ''Mamá Juana''),<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073748/http://www.republicadominicana.net/4-bebidas-tipicas-de-republica-dominicana/ "Bebidas típicas de República Dominicana"] Archivatum die 4 Martii anni 2016, in Wayback Machine. RepublicaDominicana.net (Hispanice).</ref> potiones spumeae (Hispanice '''batidas''), [[sucus|suci naturales]] (Hispanice ''jugos naturales''), [[potio e colubrinā ellipticā]] (Hispanice ''mabí''), [[coffeum]] et [[maizium cum lacte]] (Hispanice ''chaca, maíz caqueao, maíz casqueado, maíz con dulce'' seu ''maíz con leche''), ultima potio inventa solum meridionalibus in provinciis huius nationis sicuti in [[Sanctus Ioannes (Res publica Dominiciana)|Sancto Ioanne]]<ref name="Ioannis"/> === Musica et saltatio === [[Fasciculus:Merengue dancing.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Meringinis Dominicanus|Meringinis]] musica genus autochthonum Rei publicae est.]] Musice, Res publica Dominiciana nota est propter popularrimum{{dubsig}} in toto orbe terrarum [[musica|genus musicum]] [[meringinis Dominicanus|meringinis]] (Hispanice ''merengue'') nuncupatum,<ref name="Harvey"> Harvey, Ioannes (Sean) (2006). ''The Rough Guide to The Dominican Republic'' (Anglice). Rough Guides. ISBN 1-84353-497-5.</ref> genus vivacis, rapidorum motuum, rhythmi et saltationis musica consistens e [[tempo]]{{dubsig}} circiter 120 in 160 numerorum pro minuta (quamquam mutat) fundata musicis in elementis sicuti [[apparatus tympanorum|apparatu tympanorum]], [[aërophonum|aërophonis]], [[chordophonum|chordophonis]], et [[harmonium|harmonio]], non minus quam aliquibus elementis unicis [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanophono]] in Caribico, sicuti [[tympanum Dominicianum|tympano Dominiciano]] (Hispanice ''tambora'') et [[guira]] (Hispanice ''güira''). [[Fasciculus:Juan Luis Guerra en Acceso Total (6).jpg|thumb|Dominicianus cantor [[Ioannes Ludovicus Guerra]] icon meringinis musicae generis.]] Cuius syncopati numeri membranophonis Latinamericanis, [[aërophonum|aërophonis metallicis]], gravi sono et [[clavicymbalum|clavicybalo]] aut pinnaria utuntur. Inter [[1937]] et [[1950]], musica [[meringinis Dominicanus|meringinis]] (Hispanice ''merengue'') internationaliter provecta est Dominicianis a gregibus sicuti Billo's Caracas Boys, Chapuseaux & Damiron "Los Reyes del Merengue," Joseito Mateo, apud alios. Radiophoni, televisio et media internationalia eam longius pervulgaverunt. Notissimos apud meringinis exsecutores [[Wilfridus Vargas]], [[Ioannes Ventura]], [[suorum carminum actor]]es [[Fratres Rosario]], [[Ioannes Ludovicus Guerra]], [[Ferdinandus Villalona]], [[Eduardus Herrera]], [[Sergius Vargas]], [[Antonius Rosario]], [[Milly Quezada]] et [[Chichí Peralta]] sunt. Meringinis popularis in Civitatibus Foederatis, praesertim in [[Ora Orientalis Civitatum Foederatarum|Ora Orientali]], per [[anni 1980|annos 1980]] et [[anni 1990|annos 1990]]<ref name="Harvey"> Harvey, Ioannes (Sean) (2006). ''The Rough Guide to The Dominican Republic'' (Anglice). Rough Guides. ISBN 1-84353-497-5.</ref> factus est, cum multi Dominiciani cantores in Civitatibus Foederatis, imprimis [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]], residentibus in Latinamericanae consociationis scaena acta ponere coeperunt et consecuti sunt radiophonicam transmissionem. Apud quos sunt Victor Roque y La Gran Manzana, Henry Hierro, Zacarias Ferreira, Aventura, et Milly Jocelyn Y Los Vecinos. [[Bachata]]e ortus, iuxta cum crescenti numero Dominicanorum apud alios Latinamericanos greges Novum Eboracum, [[Nova Caesarea|Novam Caesaream]] et [[Florida]]m incolentium, generale popularitatis incrementum Dominicianae musicae contribuit.<ref name="Harvey"> Harvey, Ioannes (Sean) (2006). ''The Rough Guide to The Dominican Republic'' (Anglice). Rough Guides. ISBN 1-84353-497-5.</ref> [[Bachata]], musicae saltationisque genus in ruralibus marginalibusque Rei publicae Dominicianae vicinitatibus ortum, valde popularis facta est recentibus annis. Cuius argumentum crebro amatorium est, praesertim praevalent amatorii angoris tristitiaeque narrationes. Revera, originale generis nomen ''amargue'' erat (scilicet "acritudo" seu "acris musica"), donec satis ambiguum (et affectionem neutrum) vocabulum bachata populare factum est. Bachata orta ex et adhuc arcte relata ad Panlatinamericanum amatorium genus [[musica bolerica|bolericum]]<ref>Cf. "Institutum internationale nómine Forum Oeconómicum Mundi" in J. J. del Col, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110531174857/http://www.juan23.edu.ar/latin/download/diccionario_latin.pdf Diccionario Auxiliar Español-Latino]'' ([[Diccionario Auxiliar Español-Latino]])</ref> (Hispanice ''bolero'') nuncupatum. Per tempus, meringine et Latinamericanorum citharae Hispanicae generorum varietate affecta est. [[Palus (musica)|Palus]] (Hispanice ''palo'') Afrodominiciana sacra musica quae totam per insulam inveniri potest est. Tympanum humanaque vox praecipua instrumenta sunt. Palus religiosis caerimoniis —sanctorum sollemnibus plerumque coincidentes— non minus quam saecularibus festis et peculiaribus occasionibus canitur. Cuius radices in [[Congo (flumen)|Congi]] regione Centroccidentalis Africae sunt, sed Europaeis ponderibus in melodiis mixtus est.<ref>[http://www.iasorecords.com/music/palo-drum-afro-dominican-tradition Palo Drum: Afro-Dominican Tradition] (Anglice). iasorecords.com.</ref> Musica [[salsa]] plurimam popularitatem hac in natione habuit. Exeuntibus annis 1960 Dominiciani musici sicuti [[Ioannes Pacheco]], gregis [[Fania All-Stars]] creator, significativo munere in evolvendo pervulgandoque hoc genere functi sunt. [[Musica rockiana]] Dominiciana etiam popularis est. Multi, si non plerique, eius cantorum Dominicopolin et [[Sanctus Iacobus Equitum|Sanctum Iacobum]] incolunt. === Moda === [[Fasciculus:Oscar de la Renta by foto di matti.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Dominicianus autochthon, modae designator et liquoris odorati artifex [[Anscharius de la Renta]].]] Natio se iactat quia habet una e decem insignissimis designationis scholis in regione, La Escuela de Diseño de Altos de Chavón, quae hanc nationem praecipuum actorem in [[moda]]e et designationis mundo facit. Notus modae designator [[Anscharius de la Renta]] in Re publica Dominiciana anno 1932 natus et [[Statunitensis]] civis anno 1971 factus est. Ducente Hispano designatore [[Christophorus Balenciaga|Christophoro Balenciaga]] et postea cum domo [[Lanvin]] [[Lutetia]]e laboravit. Anno 1963, proprium pittacium habens designavit. Suo domicilio in Civitatibus Foederatis posito, [[Anscharius de la Renta]] tabernulas exquisitas per nationem aperuit. Cuius opus Francicam Hispanicamque modam Statunitensibus cum generibus commiscet.<ref>Fashion: Oscar de la Renta (Dominican Republic) (Anglice). Archivatum die [[16 Ianuarii]] anni 2013, apud Wayback Machine. WCAX.com – Inspectum [[31 Octobris|pridie Kalendas Novembres]] anni 2012.</ref><ref name="De la Renta">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Oscar-de-la-Renta Oscar de la Renta] (Anglice). [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]. Inspectum [[31 Octobris|pridie Kalendas Novembres]] anni 2012.</ref> Quamquam suum domicilium Novi Eboraci posuit, Anscharius de la Renta etiam suum opus in [[America Latina]] promovit et activus in sua autochthonica Re publica Dominiciana mansit, ubi caritativae activitates et personales adeptiones ei Ordinem Meriti Ioannis Pauli Duarte et Ordinem Christophori Columbi meritae sunt.<ref name="De la Renta"/> Anscharius de la Renta [[Cancer (morbus)|cancri]] implicationibus die 20 Octobris anni 2014 mortuus est. === Nationalia symbola et dies festi === [[Fasciculus:Pereskia quisqueyana.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|''[[Pereskia quisqueyana]].'']] Aliquae e praecipuis Dominicianis symbolis [[vexillum]]; [[insigne]]; et [[hymnus nationalis]], ''[[Hymnus Nationalis Rei publicae Dominicianae|Himno Nacional]]'' intitulatus, sunt. Vexillum magnam albam crucem id in partes quattuor dividentem habet. Duae partes rubrae et duae cyaneae sunt. Ruber color sanguinem a liberatoribus fusum repraesentat. Cyaneus Dei protectionem nationi exprimit. Alba crux liberatorum pugnam ad relinquendam futuris aetatibus liberam nationem symbolizat. Alternativa interpretatio est ut cyaneus desideratum progressus libertatisque repraesentet, dum albus pacem unitatemque apud Dominicianos symbolizet.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090113181033/http://www.ejercito.mil.do/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=165&Itemid=132 "Ejército Nacional de la República Dominicana – Bandera Nacional"] (Hispanice). Exercitus Nationalis Rei Publicae Dominicianae. Archivatum ex originali die 13 Ianuarii anni 2009. Recuperatum die 20 Octobris anni 2008.</ref> Media in cruce est insigne Dominicianum, eisdem coloribus quam in vexillo nationali. Insigne rubrum, album cyaneumque scutum vexillo indutum cum Bibliis, aurea cruce et sagittis pingit; scutum oleae ramo (a sinistra) et arecaceo ramo (a dextera) circumdatur. Biblia traditionaliter veritatem lucemque repraesentant. Aurea crux redemptionem e servitudine repraesentat et sagittae nobiles milites celsasque res militares symbolizant. Cyanea taeniola super scuto dicit "''Dios, Patria, Libertas''" (scilicet "Deum, Patriam, Libertatem"). Rubra taeniola sub scuto dicit, "''República Dominicana''" (scilicet "Rem publicam Dominicianam"). Ex omnibus mundi vexillis, Bibliorum depictio unica vexillo Dominiciano est. [[Flos nationalis]] ''[[Pereskia quisqueyana]] et [[arbor nationalis]] ''[[Swietenia mahagoni]]'' est.<ref>López, Yaniris (die 17 Iulii anni 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20181215172626/https://listindiario.com/la-vida/2011/7/16/196080/La-rosa-de-Bayahibe-nuestra-flor-nacional "La rosa de Bayahíbe, nuestra flor nacional"] (Hispanice). ''Listin Diario''.</ref> [[Avis nationalis]] ''[[Dulus dominicus]]'' est.<ref>Pérez, Faustinus (Faustino). "El jardín Botánico Nacional". ''DiarioDigitalRD.com'' (Hispanice). Archivatum ex originali die 23 Octobris anni 2008. Inspectum die 20 Octobris anni 2008.</ref> Res publica Dominiciana Sollemnitatem [[Domina Nostra de la Altagracia|Dominae Nostrae de la Altagracia]]<ref name="Domina"/> (Hispanice ''Día de la Altagracia'') die [[21 Ianuarii]] ad honorem sanctae patronae; Diem [[Juan Pablo Duarte|Ioannis Pauli Duarte]] die 26 Ianuarii ad honorem unius e patribus conditoribus; Diem Independentiae die 27 Februarii; Diem Restitutionis die 16 Augusti; Sollemnitatem [[Nostra Domina Mercedis|Nostrae Dominae Mercedis]] (Hispanice ''Día de la Altagracia'') die 24 Septembris; et Diem Constitutionis die 6 Novembris celebrat. === Artes athleticae === [[Fasciculus:DSC00621 Albert Pujols.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Dominicianus autochthon et [[Maioris Ligae Basipila]]e (Anglice ''Major League Baseball'' seu ''MLB'') lusor [[Albertus Pujols]].]] [[Basipila]] longe popularissima ars athletica in Re publica Dominiciana est.<ref name="Harvey"> Harvey, Ioannes (Sean) (2006). ''The Rough Guide to The Dominican Republic'' (Anglice). Rough Guides. ISBN 1-84353-497-5.</ref> Natio basipilae ligam cum turmis sex habet. Cuius tempus ex more Octobri mense incipit et Ianuario finit. Post Civitates Foederatas, Res publica Dominiciana secundum maximum numerum lusorum in [[Maioris Ligae Basipila]] (Anglice ''Major League Baseball'' seu ''MLB'') habet. [[Olvadus Virgil Senior]] primus lusor in MLB in Re publica Dominiciana natus die 23 Septembris anni 1956 factus est. [[Ioannes Marichal]] et [[Petrus Martínez]] unici lusores in Re publica Dominiciana nati in [[Aula Famae Basipilae]] (Anglice ''Baseball Hall of Fame'') sunt.<ref>"Marichal, Juan" (Anglice). ''Aula Famae Basipilae''. Inspectum die 19 Iulii anni 2010.</ref> Apud claros basipilae lusores in Re publica Dominiciana natos [[Hadrianus Beltré]], [[Robinson Canó]],[[Ricardus Carty]], [[Starling Marte]], [[Vladimirus Guerrero]], [[Georgius Antonius Bell]], [[Iulianus Javier]], [[Franciscus Liriano]], [[Manuel Ramírez]], [[Iosephus Bautista]], [[Edwinus Encarnación]],[[Hanleyus Ramírez]], [[David Ortiz]], [[Albertus Pujols]], [[Nelson Cruz]], [[Ubaldus Jiménez]], [[Iosephus Reyes (obstructor citerior)|Iosephus Citerior]], [[Placidus Polanco]] et [[Samuel Sosa]] sunt. [[Philippus Alou]] quoque successu sicuti procurator<ref>Puesan, Antonius (Antonio) (die 2 Martii anni 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130116214549/http://www.sobreeldiamante.com/dominicana-busca-corona-en-clasico-mundial.html "Dominicana busca corona en el clásico mundial"] (Hispanice). Sobre el Diamante. Archivatum ex originali die 16 Ianuarii anni 2013. Inspectum die 22 Octobris anni 2012.</ref> et [[Omar Minaya]] sicuti procurator generalis fructus est. Anno 2013, turma Dominiciana invicta ivit in via vincendi in [[Classicum certamen mundanum basipilae|Classico certamine mundano basipilae]] anni 2013. In [[Pugilatio (moderna)|pugilatione]], natio plurimos pugiles in toto orbe terrarum notos et aliquot principes in toto terrarum orbe victores protulit,<ref>Fleischer, Nat; Sam Andre; Don Rafael (2002). ''An Illustrated History of Boxing'' (Anglice). Citadel Press. pp. 324, 362, 428. ISBN 0-8065-2201-1.</ref> tales [[Carolus Cruz (pugil)|Carolus Cruz]], eius frater [[Leonardus Cruz|Leonardus]], [[Ioannes Antonius Guzmán (pugil)|Ioannes Antonius Guzmán]] et [[Ioannes Guzmán (pugil)|Ioannes Guzmán]]. [[Canistriludium]] quoque relative alto popularitatis gradu fruitur. [[Tito Horford]], eius filius [[Al Horford|Al]], [[Philippus López (canistrilusor)|Philippus López]] et [[Franciscus García (canistrilusor)|Franciscus García]] sunt apud Dominicianos natos lusores in praesenti aut olim in [[Sodalitas Nationalis Canistriludii|Sodalitate Nationali Canistriludii]] (Anglice ''National Basketball Association'' seu ''NBA''). Olympionices cum clipeo aureo et princeps in toto terrarum orbe victor [[Cursus impedimentorum|cursor impedimentorum]] [[Felix Sánchez]] est e Re publica Dominiciana, velut [[Foedus Pediludii Nationale|Foederis Pediludii Nationalis]] (Anglice ''National Football League'' seu ''NFL'') cornu defensivum [[Ludovicus Castillo (harpastum Americanum)|Ludovicus Castillo]].<ref>Shanahan, Thomas (Tom) (die 24 Martii anni 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070505132520/http://www.sdhoc.com/main/articles/sportsatlunch/Sportsatlunch2007/Sanchezcastillo "San Diego Hall of Champions – Sports at Lunch, Luis Castillo and Felix Sanchez"] (Anglice). Aula Campionum Didacopolitana. Archivatum ex originali die 5 Maii anni 2007. Inspectum die 29 Maii anni 2007.</ref> Aliae praecipuae artes athleticae [[follis volatilis]], anno 1916 Statunitensibus a classiariis introductus et a [[Foederatio Dominiciana Follis Vollatilis|Foederatione Dominiciana Follis Vollatilis]] (Hispanice ''Federación Dominicana de Voleibol'' seu ''FEDOVOLI'') rectus; [[taequondo]], ubi [[Gabriel Mercedes]] Olympicam medaliam argenteam anno 2008 adeptus est; et [[iudo]] sunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101206101315/http://www.fedojudo.org/fedojudo/index.cfm "Fedujudo comparte con dirigentes provinciales"] (Hispanice). fedojudo.org. Archivatum ex originali die 6 Decembris anni 2010. Inspectum die 15 Septembris anni 2010.</ref> == Codices == Rei publicae Dominicianae hi codices sunt: * DOM, secundum normam [[ISO 3166-1]] alpha-3 (catalogi codicum nationum); * DOM, secundum [[Catalogus codicum nationum Consilii Olympici Internationalis|catalogum codicum nationum Consilii Olympici Internationalis]]; * DOM, secundum [[Catalogus codicum internationalium notaculi autocineti|catalogum codicum internationalium notaculi autocineti]]; * DOM, secundum [[Catalogus codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur|catalogum codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur]] codicem alpha-3; * DR, secundum [[Catalogus codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur|catalogum codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur]]; * DO, secundum normam [[ISO 3166-1]] (catalogi codicum rerum publicarum), codicem alpha-2 (catalogi codicum civitatis); * DO, secundum [[Dominium summum|dominium interretiale]]; == Coniunctio communium == * [[Miamia]] ([[CFA]]) * [[Sarasota]] ([[CFA]]) * [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novum Eboracum]] ([[CFA]]) (anno 1983) * [[Matritum]] ([[Hispania]]) == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} {{CommuniaCat|Dominican Republic|Rem publicam Dominicianam}} * [http://www.presidencia.gob.do/ Praesidatus Rei publicae Dominicanae] (Hispanice) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180701020555/http://www.dominicanrepublic.com/ Situs interretialis officialis huius nationis] (Anglice, Hispanice, Francice, Italiane, Theodisce, Russice et Arabice) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705060056/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/dominicanrepublic.htm Res publica Dominiciana] apud ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' (Anglice) * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1216926.stm Rei publicae Dominicianae descriptio] e [[BBC News]] (Anglice) * [http://www.godominicanrepublic.com/ Situs interretialis officialis Ministerii Periegeseos Rei publicae Dominicianae] (Anglice, Hispanice, Lusice, Francice, Italiane, Theodisce, Russice et Sinice) * [http://www.iddi.org/ Situs interretialis officialis IDDI seu Instituti Dominiciani Progressus Integri] * [https://socialjusticebooks.org/store/dominican-republic/ Conexus Caribici: Res publica Dominiciana] didascalius libellus mediae scholae et lycei studentibus (Anglice) {{America}} {{Capsae collectae|Res publica Dominiciana|politica|{{Praesides rei publicae Dominicanae}}{{Cancellarii rei publicae Dominicanae}}}} {{Myrias|Geographia}} {{FA stella}} [[Categoria:Condita 1844]] [[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris|Dominiciana res]] [[Categoria:Res publica Dominiciana|!]] n91ht4nc1jhp7t53p28llnbn7ouozhw 0 4345 3959197 3958156 2026-05-11T20:58:32Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3959197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Scientia dubia}} {{Pagina polienda|Nonnulla nomina videntur esse ficticia, atque Vicipaedia Theodisca hic adhibita est fons; vide [[Vicipaedia:Noli fingere]].}} [[Fasciculus:Deutschland Flussgebietseinheiten.png|thumb|right|Praecipuorum [[Germania|Germanicorum]] fluminum graviores naves perferentium diagramma ([[Theodisce]]).]] [[Fasciculus:Rheinbrücke Konstanz bei Föhn.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Pons super [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] [[Constantia (Germania)|Constantiae]].]] [[Fasciculus:Elbe Bad Schandau.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Oppidum [[Bad Schandau]] iuxta [[Albis|Albim]].]] [[Fasciculus:Aerials Deggendorf 16.06.2006.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Oppidum Deggendorfium<ref name="Deggendorfium">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10372085?p=485&cq=Candidus,%20Pantaleon&lang=de ''Chronica Bavaricae Capucinorum Provinciae : in brevem summam collecta a religionis institutione usque ad eius resuscitationem''], ubi dicitur "(...) P. Ludovicus Sedlmair Deggendorfensis confessarius semper ei propre esse debuit (...) Testes erant Monachium, Straubinga, Deggendorfium, Bulsanum (...)".</ref> iuxta [[Danuvius|Danuvium]].]] [[Fluvius|Fluvii]] [[Germania]]e se in [[Mare Balticum]], [[Pontus Euxinus|Pontum Euxinum]], et [[Mare Germanicum]] effundunt. Praecipua sunt: * cum [[Ostium fluminis|ostio]] in [[Mare Balticum]], [[Viadrus]]; * cum ostio in [[Pontus Euxinus|Pontum Euxinum]], [[Danuvius]], cum suis praecipuis [[amnis influens|amnibus influentibus]] [[Aenus|Aeno]], [[Isara|Isarā]], et [[Licus|Lico]]; * cum ostio in [[Mare Germanicum]], [[Rhenus]], cum suis praecipuis amnibus influentibus [[Mosella|Mosellā]], [[Moenus|Moeno]] et [[Nicer|Nicro]]; [[Visurgis]]; et [[Albis]], cum suis praecipuis amnibus influentibus [[Habala|Habalā]] et [[Sala (flumen)|Salā]]. ==Secundum longitudinem== Insequentes indices fluvios Germaniae ordinant secundum totam eorum longitudinem (e fonte in ostium), quamquam eorum longitudo intra Germaniae fines minor sit. ===Flumina 200 chiliometra aut amplius longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 200 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | Danuvius<ref>Vide articulum "Danuvius" apud Vicipaediam Anglicam, ubi dicitur "Danube -river in Europe; '''Danuvius'' in Latin".</ref> seu Ister<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu Hister<ref>[[Ovidius]], ''Epistulae ex Ponto'' 1.8.11: "urbs ripae vicina binominis Histri".</ref> | ''Donau'' | align="right" | 2850 | [[Pontus Euxinus]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | | ''Rhein'' | align="right" | 1233 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Alba<ref name=Gr/> seu Albea<ref name=Gr/> seu Albia<ref name=Gr/> seu Albius<ref name=Gr/> seu Alpia<ref name=Gr/> seu Alvea<ref name=Gr/> seu Heilba<ref name=Gr/> seu Helbia<ref name=Gr/> seu Herlba<ref name=Gr/> | ''Elbe'' | align="right" | 1094 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Viadus<ref name=Gr/> seu Odora<ref name=Gr/> seu Oder<ref name=Gr/> seu Odagra<ref name=Gr/> seu Odara<ref name=Gr/> seu Odra<ref name=Gr/> seu Odrita<ref name=Gr/> seu Adora<ref name=Gr/> seu Suevus Flavius<ref name=Gr/> seu Oddera<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski">[https://eshp.ijp.pan.pl/search/results/226313 Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski] (Polonice), ubi dicitur "Oddere, Odere, Oddera, Oddore 992 RudnickiNO 21-3".</ref> seu Oddere<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski"/> seu Oddore<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski"/> seu Oddere<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski"/> | ''Oder'' | align="right" | 854 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | Musella<ref name=Gr/> seu Mosula<ref name=Gr/> seu Musla<ref name=Gr/> | ''Mosel'' | align="right" | 544 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Mogonus<ref name=Gr/> seu Manus<ref name=Gr/> seu Moius<ref name=Gr/> seu Mogus<ref name=Gr/> seu Moino<ref name=Gr/> | ''Main'' | align="right" | 524 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Enus<ref name=Gr/> seu Oenus<ref name=Gr/> seu Inus<ref name=Gr/> seu Hinus<ref name=Gr/> seu Innus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Inn'' | align="right" | 517 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Wesera seu Wisara seu Wisuraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Wisora<ref name=Gr/> seu Wisura<ref name=Gr/> seu Visera<ref name=Gr/> seu Visara<ref name=Gr/> seu Wissula<ref name=Gr/> seu Wirraha<ref name=Gr/> | ''Weser'' | align="right" | 451 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Saale'' | align="right" | 413 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Neccarus<ref name="Hofmann"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Nechara<ref name=Gr/> seu Nectara<ref name=Gr/> seu Necorus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Neckar'' | align="right" | 384 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Sprea<ref>{{Mundt}}</ref> seu Spreve<ref name=Gr/> seu Sprewe <ref name=Gr/> seu Sprewa<ref name="Tractatus de duabus...">[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Tractatus_de_duabus_Sarmatiis_Europiana_et_Asiana_et_de_contentis_in_eis Tractatus de duabus Sarmatiis Europiana et Asiana et de contentis in eis], ubi dicitur "(...) penes fluvium Sueuum Teutonice Spre seu Sprewa dictum, (...)".</ref> seu Spre<ref name="Tractatus de duabus..."/> seu Suevus<ref>"Suevus", "... ad Suevum" etc. {{Google Books|KRg_AAAAcAAJ|p. 578 et passim}}</ref><ref name="Tractatus de duabus..."/> | ''Spree'' | align="right" | 382 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Emisa<ref name="Emisa">[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/2/10/Mueller*.html Karl Müller's Apparatus and Notes to Ptolemy, Book II, Chapter 10: Germania Magna], ubi dicitur "(...) Amisis vel Amissis codd. Plinii 4, 100; Ἀμασίας Strabo 7, 1, 3; germanice olim Emisa fl. et Emisgow regio, nunc Ems fl. (...)".</ref> seu Amissis<ref name="Emisa"/> seu Amisis<ref name="Emisa"/> seu Amisus<ref name=Gr/> seu Amasis<ref name=Gr/> seu Amasius<ref name=Gr/> seu Emesa<ref name=Gr/> seu Amera<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ems'' | align="right" | 371 | [[Sinus Dollarius]]<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=O6deAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA675&lpg=PA675&dq=%22dollert%22+sinus&source=bl&ots=gvKfvPBBEJ&sig=ACfU3U1HLVN-1obH4z02czxdQrkKEeQdtA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf-M714PSGAxWJVPEDHeCwAEcQ6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&q=%22dollert%22%20sinus&f=false Allgemeinnütziges Geschicht- und Staaten-Wörterbuch], ubi dicitur "Dollart, Dollert, Sinus Dollarius vel Emdanus (...)".</ref> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | Habola<ref name=Gr/> seu Havila<ref name=Gr/> seu Labola<ref name=Gr/> seu Albola<ref name=Gr/> | ''Havel'' | align="right" | 325 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Werra<ref name=Gr/> seu Wirra<ref name=Gr/> seu Wirraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Vagarna<ref name=Gr/> seu Vierra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Werra'' | align="right" | 298 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | Isura<ref name=Gr/> seu Isarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Ysera<ref name=Gr/> | ''Isar'' | align="right" | 292 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Agara]]<ref name=Gr/> | Agira<ref name=Gr/> seu Agra<ref name=Gr/> seu Egra<ref name=Gr/> seu Oegra<ref name=Gr/> seu Ogra<ref name=Gr/> seu Agria<ref name=Gr/> | ''Eger'' | align="right" | 291 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | Leinus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lynius<ref name=Gr/> seu Lagina<ref name=Gr/> | ''Leine'' | align="right" | 281 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aller_(Germany) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "The river's name, which was recorded in 781 as ''Alera'', in 803 as ''Elera'', in 1096 as ''Alara'' (...)".</ref> | Alera<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> seu Elera<ref name="Aller"/> seu Aelara<ref name=Gr/> seu Alra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Aller'' | align="right" | 263 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra">Documentum 68, in: Carolus H. Lampe (Ed.): Urkundenbuch der Deutschordensballei Thüringen, 1. Bd., p. 68.</ref> | Elstera<ref>[https://archive.is/20121129132241/bv-moeckernwahren.de/via/Viadukt_25.pdf DIE BÜRGERZEITUNG FÜR MÖCKERN UND WAHRENDIE WEISSE ELSTER - ein vergessener Fluß?]</ref><ref>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Elstera Albus<ref>[http://books.google.de/books?id=9ZHWEx8N9OUC&pg=RA1-PA44&lpg=RA1-PA44&dq=Elstera+alba&source=bl&ots=4VyINmTTBp&sig=PywVNQzENKElHEKmuCw_rgrRjks&hl=de&sa=X&ei=0VZnT7jFEMeH4gSTxdCLCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Elstera%20alba&f=false Lexicon manuale, geographiam antiquam et mediam cum latine tum germanice ... von Johann Wilhelm Ferdinand Müller]</ref> | ''Weiße Elster'' | align="right" | 257 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Lippia<ref name=Gr/> seu Lippa<ref name=Gr/> seu Libia<ref name=Gr/> seu Luppia<ref name=Gr/> seu Lyppia<ref name=Gr/> | ''Lippe'' | align="right" | 255 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nissa (flumen)|Nissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | Nysa<ref name=Gr/> seu Nyza<ref name=Gr/> seu Nycza<ref name=Gr/> seu Nysensis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Neiße'' | align="right" | 254 | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Lica<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=V-oKH5yTvyAC&pg=PA82-IA1&lpg=PA82-IA1&dq=Lica+Lech&source=bl&ots=k2mj676gV4&sig=_V0jmBjlhnU4yI5oMRn5LnrsmlA&hl=en&ei=WnlITbiBCYjHswaGvJCCAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Lica%20Lech&f=false Poesies: Llibres I i II By Venantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus]</ref> seu Lichus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lecha<ref name=Gr/> seu Licoas<ref name=Gr/> seu Lycus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lechus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lemannus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lemannius<ref name=Gr/> seu Lehhae<ref name=Gr/> | ''Lech'' | align="right" | 248 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Sarra<ref name=Gr/> seu Sara<ref name=Gr/> seu Sangona<ref name=Gr/> seu Saora<ref name=Gr/> seu Saroa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Saar'' | align="right" | 246 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | Loganus<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit."</ref> seu Lahna<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Full text of "Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome : (in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament, March 27, 1851)"'' apud www.archive.org] "[[Limburgum ad Lahnam]]"</ref> seu Lagana<ref name=Gr/> seu Logana<ref name=Gr/> seu Lona<ref name=Gr/> seu Lanus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lana<ref name=Gr/> seu Lahana<ref name=Gr/> | ''Lahn'' | align="right" | 242 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | Alcmon<ref name=Gr/> seu Alcmona<ref name=Gr/> seu Alcmonia<ref name=Gr/> seu Alamona<ref name=Gr/> seu Alemo<ref name=Gr/> seu Alemannus<ref name=Gr/> seu Almuna<ref name=Gr/> seu Almonus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Altmühl'' | align="right" | 227 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Salsa<ref name=Gr/> seu Ivarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Iuvarus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Salzach'' | align="right" | 225 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Fulda<ref name=Gr/> seu Vultaha<ref name=Gr/> seu Wulda<ref name=Gr/> | ''Fulda'' | align="right" | 218 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | Rurinna<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ruhr'' | align="right" | 217 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elda (flumen)|Elda]]<ref>Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elde#Flussnamen articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung fand 786 als ''in Eldam'' statt" (...).</ref> | | ''Elde'' | align="right" | 208 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 199 et 100 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 199 et 100 chiliometra longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis">Vide articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Anglicam, ubi dicitur "n 575, the river was attested as the ''Onestrudis'', in the 7th century it was referred to as the ''Unestrude'', and in 994 as the ''Vnstruod''".</ref> | Unstroda<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstrada<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstravia<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstrota<ref name=Gr/> seu Unestrude<ref name="Onestrudis"/> seu Unstruod<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | ''Unstrut'' | align="right" | 192 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Jagst'' | align="right" | 190 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hunta]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Hunte'' | align="right" | 189 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eider hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Eider (lateinisch Egdor (...) Der Name der Eider leitet sich mit einer gewissen Wahrscheinlichkeit von ''Egidor'' (Fluttor, Schreckenstor) ab und spielt auf den germanischen Meerriesen Ægir an, der für Fluten und damit verbundene Schrecken verantwortlich gemacht wurde. Die nach Volker Schmidt erste lateinische Erwähnung als ''Flumen Egidora'' legt diese Annahme nahe. Weitere Namen der Eider wie ''Egidorae fluminis'' (9. Jh. Reichsannalen), ''fluminis Eydori'' (12. Jh. Saxo Grammaticus), ''Eidera'' (1148 Urkunde Heinrich des Löwen) und ''Eydaer'' (1235 im Erdbuch König Waldemars II.) geben Aufschluss über die Herleitung zum heutigen Namen. ".</ref> | Eidora<ref name="Egdor"/> seu Egidor<ref name="Egdor"/> seu Eydorus<ref name="Egdor"/> seu Egidona<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu Eidera<ref name="Hofmann"/><ref name="Egdor"/> seu Eydaer<ref name="Egdor"/> | ''Eider'' | align="right" | 188 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor"/> |- | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Amper'' seu ''Ammer'' | align="right" | 185 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra">[http://books.google.de/books?id=uMPJ7iscKDoC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=Alstera+Elster&source=bl&ots=O6jtjv6YLV&sig=zdBuo9mf6Qv4E__kzibsux-uQn0&hl=de&sa=X&ei=P1NnT-HHJYnOswa108jiBQ&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Alstera%20Elster&f=false Ortsnamenbuch des Mittelelbegebietes von Inge Bily]</ref> | Elstera Niger<ref>[http://books.google.de/books?id=9ZHWEx8N9OUC&pg=RA1-PA44&lpg=RA1-PA44&dq=Elstera+alba&source=bl&ots=4VyINmTTBp&sig=PywVNQzENKElHEKmuCw_rgrRjks&hl=de&sa=X&ei=0VZnT7jFEMeH4gSTxdCLCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Elstera%20alba&f=false Lexicon manuale, geographiam antiquam et mediam cum latine tum germanice ... von Johann Wilhelm Ferdinand Müller]</ref> seu Altsra<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Schwarze Elster'' | align="right" | 179 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana">[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Ab_excessu_divi_Augusti_(Annales)/Liber_I#LVI Taciti ''Ab excessū dovo Augusti/Liber I, caput LVI] ubi dicitur "(...) iuventus flumen Adranam nando tramiserat (...)".</ref> | Adarna<ref name=Gr/> seu Aderna<ref name=Gr/> seu Ederna<ref name=Gr/> seu Ethrina<ref name=Gr/> seu Adrina<ref>Sperber, Rüdiger (1996). "Die Nebenflüsse von Werra und Fulda bis zum Zusammenfluß". ''Hydronymia Germaniae''. Reihe A, Lief. 5. Steiner, Wiesbaden. ISBN 978-3515006453.</ref> | ''Eder'' | align="right" | 177 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sauer'' | align="right" | 173 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 763 wird der Fluss erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (secus fluvium Hassa) (...)".</ref> | Hasa<ref name=Gr/> seu Asa<ref name=Gr/> seu Assa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Hase'' | align="right" | 170 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | Bada<ref name=Gr/> seu Botum<ref name=Gr/> seu Buda<ref name=Gr/> | ''Bode'' | align="right" | 169 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Regana]]<ref name="Regana">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regen_(river)#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur " The Romans called the river variously ''Regana'' (feminine gender), ''Reganus'' (masculine), and ''Reganum'' (neuter)".</ref> | Reganus<ref name="Regana"/> seu Reganum<ref name="Regana"/> | ''Regen'' | align="right" | 169 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera">[https://books.google.es/books?id=bHVBAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA63&lpg=RA3-PA63&dq=cochera+fluvius+Kocher&source=bl&ots=9heufonibr&sig=ACfU3U1qKFXUcAKG4YdC_4Y2JchLVTDjZw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi359OEkvWGAxVfbvEDHcChAggQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=cochera%20fluvius%20Kocher&f=false Mercurius Gallobelgicus M. Gothardo Arthusio succenturiatus], ubi dicitur "ibique in Cochera (...) fluvius Kocher".</ref> | Cochara<ref name=Gr/> seu Kocher<ref name="Cochera"/> | ''Kocher'' | align="right" | 168 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seyna Minor]]<ref name="Sayn">Fingitur hoc nomen ex vocibus "Seyna" aut "Zeina", quae apparent in {{Graesse}} referentes ad oppidulum Germanicum Theodisce nuncupatum "Sayn", cuius nomen e flumine homonymo derivatur, etiam nuncupato Theodisce ''Saynbach'', quod vicissim dat nomen alio flumini ''Kleiner Saynbach''</ref> | Zeina Minor<ref name="Sayn"/> | ''Kleiner Saynbach'' | align="right" | 167 | [[Seyna (flumen)|Seyna]]<ref name="Sayn"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Vaconna<ref name=Gr/> seu Vechta<ref name=Gr/> seu Vedrus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Vechte'' | align="right" | 167 | [[Aqua Nigra (flumen)|Aqua Nigra]]<ref>[https://www.google.es/books/edition/Nederlandse_waternamen/HIEdAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22Zwarte+Water%22+%22aqua+nigra%22&dq=%22Zwarte+Water%22+%22aqua+nigra%22&printsec=frontcover Mauritii Schönfeld ''Nederlandse waternamen''], ubi dicitur "Wijdverbreid is ''Zwarte Water'' = lt. ''Aqua nigra'', engels ''Blackwater'' (...)".</ref> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ">Omnia haec nomina finguntur e nominibus Latinis quae {{Graesse}} dat flumini Theodisce ''Mulde'' nuncupato et e adiectivo "Zviccaviensis-e", in libro "Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium" apparenti et referenti ad urbem [[Cygnea]]m.</ref> | Milda Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Milla Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Mulda Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Mylda Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Mlidava Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> | ''Zwickauer Mulde'' | align="right" | 166 | [[Mulda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)".</ref> | Nabas<ref name="Naba"/> seu Napa<ref name="Naba"/> seu Nabe<ref name="Naba"/> seu Nab<ref name="Naba"/> | ''Naab'' | align="right" | 165 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Rur'' | align="right" | 164 | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schleichgraben]] | | ''Schleichgraben'' | align="right" | 155 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | Segaha<ref name=Gr/> seu Siga<ref name=Gr/> | ''Sieg'' | align="right" | 155 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | Hosta<ref name=Gr/> | ''Oste'' | align="right" | 153 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wertaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Werdaha<ref name=Gr/> seu Virdo<ref name=Gr/> seu Vinda<ref name=Gr/> seu Vindex<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wertach'' | align="right" | 150 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iller hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ihr lateinischer Name war '''Hilaria''' oder auch ''Hilara'' (...)".</ref> | Hilara<ref name="Hilaria"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Ilara<ref name=Gr/> seu Ilaris<ref name=Gr/> seu Hylarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Ylarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Ilargus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Iller'' | align="right" | 147 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Milda<ref name=Gr/> seu Milla<ref name=Gr/> seu Mylda<ref name=Gr/> seu Mlidava<ref name=Gr/> | ''Mulde'' | align="right" | 147 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Pena<ref name=Gr/> seu Penes<ref name=Gr/> seu Pana<ref name=Gr/> seu Penis<ref name=Gr/> seu Peanis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Peene'' | align="right" | 136 | [[Lutense]]<ref name="Lutense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutense" Lutense"] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam.</ref> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ilma<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ilm'' | align="right" | 134 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Parra (flumen)|Parra]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Paar'' | align="right" | 134 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rhinus]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Rhin'' | align="right" | 133 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | Warinza<ref name=Gr/> seu Werna<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wörnitz'' | align="right" | 132 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Tuberus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Tubaris<ref name=Gr/> seu Tubara<ref name=Gr/> | ''Tauber'' | align="right" | 131 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Varnova]]<ref name="Hofmeister II 1891">Hofmeister, A. (1891). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Rostock: Vol. 2''. (Mich. 1499 - Ost. 1611). Stiller'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou">Vide [https://www.fs-warnemuende.de/ www.fs-warnemuende], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer, das nördlich von Parchim entspringt, ist erstmals 1160 als Warnou flumen und 1186 als aqua Warnow urkundlich erwähnt (...).</ref>, Warnow<ref name="Warnou"/> | ''Warnow'' | align="right" | 130 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Chalusus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenne_(Ruhr)#Namehoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss wird im 13. Jh. erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (supra oder super Lenam)".</ref> | | ''Lenne'' | align="right" | 129 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kila]]<ref name=Gr/> | Kylia<ref name=Gr/> seu Belgis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Kyll'' | align="right" | 128 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zschopau#Geschichte de homonymā urbe apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1286 erfolgte die erste urkundliche Erwähnung als „Schapa“, 1292 die Bezeichnung Zschopaus als civitas (...)".</ref> | | ''Zschopau'' | align="right" | 128 | [[Mulda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lapara Wissingensis]]<ref name="Lapara">Secundum [https://books.google.es/books?id=i-_gDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=%22Kleine+Laber+%22+flumen&source=bl&ots=sJegxM7pNX&sig=ACfU3U3SJzaPgZCEumBJptUz_l_4myXnmg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj-4uiTsraHAxW_Q_EDHcZbBxYQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Kleine%20Laber%20%22%20flumen&f=false ''Historischer Atlas von Bayern''], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Große und die Kleine Laber sind um 790 als "Lapara" belegt (...)", nomen Latinum "Lapara" ad flumina Theodisce ''Große Laber'' et ''Kleine Laber'' nuncupata refert. Ergo, adhibitur adiectivum "parva" seu "magna" seu "alba" seu "Wissingensis" seu "Breitenbrunnensis" historico nomini Latino ut distinguantur haec flumina.</ref> | | ''Wissinger Laber'' | align="right" | 127 | [[Lapara Breitenbrunnensis]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> | Naha<ref name=Gr/> | ''Nahe'' | align="right" | 125 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A4nkische_Saale#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Erstmals erwähnt wurde die Fränkische Saale im Jahr 716 als super fluvio Sala in pago Salvense (am Fluss Sala im Saalgau). Im Jahr 777 schrieb man in einem Fuldaer Urkundenbuch: in pago Salecgauio super fluvio Sala (...)".</ref> | | ''Fränkische Saale'' | align="right" | 125 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF">Omnia haec nomina finguntur e nominibus Latinis quae {{Graesse}} dat flumini Theodisce ''Mulde'' nuncupato et e adiectivo "Fribergensis-e", referenti ad urbem [[Friberga]]m.</ref> | Milda Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> seu Milla Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> seu Mylda Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> seu Mlidava Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> | ''Freiberger Mulde'' | align="right" | 124 | [[Mulda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | Wimma<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wümme'' | align="right" | 121 | [[Lesmonia]]<ref name="Lesum">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesum#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1331 als ''ultra Lesmoniam'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nersa]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Niers'' | align="right" | 118 | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bercla]]<ref name="Bercla">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss tritt 1322 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (''bercla'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Berkel'' | align="right" | 115 | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJssel hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "(...) The Romans knew the river as '''Isala''' (...)".</ref> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Wupper'' | align="right" | 115 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Liubasa]]<ref name="Liubasa">Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loisach#%C3%89tymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Les formes antérieures de noms sont Liubasa (1003), Lyubasa (environ 1052), Liubisaha (1148-1155), Livbisaha (12e siècle), Liubsaha (1258), Leusach (1332), Leusach (1348) (...)".</ref> | Lyubasa<ref name="Liubasa"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Liubisaha<ref name="Liubasa"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Liubsaha<ref name="Liubasa"/> seu Leusach<ref name="Liubasa"/> seu Loysa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Loisach'' | align="right" | 114 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nida (flumen)|Nida Saravi]]<ref name="Nida">Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nied#Hydronymie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur "Dénommé ''Nida'' dans les inscriptions romaines (...) Anciennes mentions: Neda (1121), Nidden (1200), Nithen (1364) (...)".</ref> | Neda<ref name="Nida"/> seu Nidden<ref name="Nida"/> seu Nithen<ref name="Nida"/> seu Nita Germanica<ref name="Hofmann"/> | ''Nied'' | align="right" | 114 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Travea<ref name=Gr/> seu Travenna<ref name=Gr/> seu Travena<ref name=Gr/> seu Chalusus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Trave'' | align="right" | 114 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pagantia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Pegnesus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Pegnitz'' | align="right" | 113 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Peschsiefen]] | | ''Peschsiefen'' | align="right" | 113 | [[Ankerbacum (Rhenus)|Ankerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze">Vide [https://ia601601.us.archive.org/23/items/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ.pdf ''Beiträge zur gallo-keltisch... Namenkunde''], ubi dicitur "(...) die ''Enz'' (in den Neckar), c. 1150 Enze fluvius (d i. *Antia) (...)".</ref> | | ''Enz'' | align="right" | 112 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diemel#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "In historischen Quellen wird die Diemel ebenfalls als ''Dimel, Dymel, Dimella, Dimola, Timella'' (...)".</ref> | Dymel<ref name="Dimel"/> seu Dimella<ref name="Dimel"/> seu Dimola<ref name="Dimel"/> Timella<ref name="Dimel"/> | ''Diemel'' | align="right" | 111 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Rott'' | align="right" | 111 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ilma<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ilmenau'' | align="right" | 109 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Vilisa|Vilisa Danubii]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Vilsa<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Vilusa<ref name=Gr/> seu Quintanica<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> seu Filisa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Filusa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Filsa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Philisa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Vilosa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Vilusa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | ''Vils'' | align="right" | 109 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]<ref name="Saalach">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA455&lpg=PA455&dq=Saalach+%22flumen%22&source=bl&ots=ujlRsntsPa&sig=ACfU3U0SU_fvCyOKvGtwJZrcYzb3TFBxYg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiP45KImveGAxX9RP4FHTzeBMoQ6AF6BAgmEAM#v=onepage&q=Saalach%20%22flumen%22&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], ubi dicitur "''''Saalach''', '''die''' (...) ''iuxta fluvium Sala, iuxta fluvio Sala (...)".</ref> | | ''Saalach'' | align="right" | 106 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Redera]]<ref name="Riedel 1863">Riedel, A. F., auctore (1863). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.</ref> | | ''Große Röder'' | align="right" | 105 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oker hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Sie wurde 747 das erste Mal als Ovacra in Zusammenhang mit dem Okerübergang in Ohrum erwähnt, (...)".</ref><ref>[https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_rer_germ_6/index.htm#page/7/mode/1up Annales regni Francorum (MGH SS rer. Germ. 6)], ubi dicitur "(...) super fluvium Ovacra in loco, qui dicitur Orheim, (...)".</ref> | Obacro<ref>[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Annales_regni_Francorum Annales regni Francorum (Vicifons)], ubi dicitur "(...) supra fluvium Obacro in loco, qui dicitur Orhaim".</ref> | ''Oker'' | align="right" | 105 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erft#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde die Erft im Jahre 496/506 vom Geographen von Ravenna als Arnefa. Sie hieß zunächst „Arnapa“, später „Arnefe“ und „Arlefe“. Schließlich fand man 1320 den Namen „Arfe“. Der Name ist eine Komposition aus dem Hydronym -apa und dem germanischen Wort *arna-/*arni- mit der Bedeutung 'sicher, energisch, tüchtig' (...)".</ref> | Arnapa<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu Arnefe<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu Arlefe<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu Arfe<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu [[Arphta]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln''. H. Voss.</ref> | ''Erft'' | align="right" | 103 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Misa (flumen Germanicum)|Misa]]<ref name="Misa">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%BEe#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Originally, the entire stream including the Berounka was called Mže (Latin: ''Misa'', German: ''Mies'') and the name first appeared in the 12th century in Chronica Boemorum. The name was written as ''Mse'', ''Msa'' and ''Mzye'' (...)".</ref> | Mse<ref name="Misa"/> seu Msa<ref name="Misa"/> seu Mzye<ref name="Misa"/> | ''Mies'' | align="right" | 103 | [[Berounka]]<ref name="Berounka">Vide [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/medias/4f/42/18/bd/4f4218bd-603a-4e29-9aa1-5794dcc5fcde/files/Cavan_Alt_02.pdf Asiento para un atlas corológico de la flora occidental, 25], ubi dicitur "in rivo Berounka haud procul a pago Zadní Trebáñ".</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ora (Albis)|Ora Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ara<ref name=Gr/> seu Oraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Hora<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ohre'' | align="right" | 103 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ach (Blavius)|Ach Blavii]] | | ''Ach'' | align="right" | 102 | [[Blavius]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wida (flumen)|Wida Rheni]]<ref name="Wida">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wied_(Fluss)#Namensherkunft_und_Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die älteste geschriebene Form des Flussnamens Wied liegt mit uuida (lies: wida) aus dem Jahr 857 vor.[4] Im Mittelalter bildete die Wied ungefähr in der ersten Hälfte ihres Laufes, etwa von Steinebach an der Wied bis oberhalb Neustadt (Wied), die Grenze der alten Erzdiözese Trier zur Linken und der Erzdiözese Köln zur Rechten des Bachlaufs. (...)".</ref> | | ''Wied'' | align="right" | 102 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ach Frewbergense]]<ref name="Frewberga">Adiectivo "Frewbergensis-e" vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Friedberger Ach'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Blesa (tributarius Saravi)|Blesa]]<ref name="Blesa">Hadrianus Vallesius, ''Notitia Galliarum ordine litterarum digesta'', [[Lutetia|Parisiis]], 1675, apud Fredericum Leonard, p. 89.</ref> | | ''Blies'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fuhse]] | | ''Fuhse'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innerste#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Innerste (frühere Formen lauten auch Inste (1805) oder Inster(-Fluß) (1780[9] und 1742[10]), Inderste (1567), Indistria (1313), Entrista (1065) und Indrista (1013)), könnte auf die indogermanische Wurzel oid = schwellend, kräftig zurückgehen (...)".</ref> | Inderste<ref name="Indistra"/> seu Indistria<ref name="Indistra"/> seu Entrista<ref name="Indistra"/> | ''Innerste'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 99 et 85 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 99 et 75 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]<ref name="Naba silvatica">Fingitur hoc nomen e flumine Nabā (cui vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)") et versione adiectivo praeposito ''Wald-'' (cui vide [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Wald?wb=gross&nr=1 Navigium], ubi dicitur "'''silvāticus a um''' (''a/o-Deklination'') Wald-, zum Wald gehörig").</ref> | Nabas Silvatica<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> seu Napa Silvatica<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> seu Nabe Silvaticum<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> seu Nab Silvaticum<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> | ''Waldnaab'' | align="right" | 99 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera">Vide [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110338591.551/html?lang=en degruyter.com], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Ucker, die''' (in Brandenburg)", '''Uecker''' (in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) (...) 1168 ''fluminis ucrensis,'' 1235 (Kopie) ''parte aque'' (...) ''ukera, trans ukeram,'' (...) ''prope ukram'' (...).</ref> | Ukara<ref name="Ukera"/> seu Ukra<ref name="Ukera"/> seu Flumen Ucrense<ref name="Ukera"/> seu Ucra<ref name="Bratring 1805">Bratring, F. W. A., auctore (1805). ''Statistisch-topographische Beschreibung der gesammten Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: Friedrich Maurer.</ref> | ''Uecker'' | align="right" | 98 | [[Lacus maritimus Stettinensis]]<ref name="LMS">De hoc nomine, confer urbem [[Stettinum]].</ref> | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera"/> |- | [[Alend]]<ref name="Alend">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milde-Biese-Aland#cite_ref-8 hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name wird 786 als Alend erstmals erwähnt und hat die Bedeutung 'aufwachsend' (...)".</ref> | | ''Aland'' seu ''Milde'' seu ''Biese'' seu ''Milde-Biese-Aland'' | align="right" | 97 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha">Vide [https://www.hna.de/lokales/schwalmstadt/schwalmstadt-ort68394/der-nebelfluss-und-seine-geschichte-90881979.html hna.de], ubi dicitur "(...) In der älteren Wissenschaft wird behauptet, im 8. und 9. Jahrhundert habe der Fluss „Sualmanaha“, „Suualmanaha“ und „Swalmanaha“ gelautet, was Dampfwasser oder Nebelfluss oder Nebelgewässer bedeutete (...)".</ref> | Suvalmanaha<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> seu Swalamanaha<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | ''Schwalm'' | align="right" | 97 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Oura (Sura)|Oura]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> | | ''Our'' seu ''Ur'' | align="right" | 96 | [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dame]]<ref name="Dame">Confer [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA86#v=snippet&q=1440&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch] de regione homonymā, ubi dicitur "(...) provincia, que Dame dicitur (...)".</ref> | | ''Dahme'' | align="right" | 95 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzach_(Naab) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bereits 1250 wurde die „Swarza“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzach'' | align="right" | 95 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wippera (Onestrudis)|Wippera]]<ref name="Wippera Onestrudis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Wipper''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Wipper'' | align="right" | 95 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Doxa (flumen)|Doxa]]<ref name="Doxa">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241226123407/https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/5ca0240d-cb67-447b-838c-e448c1f84200/1003655.pdf Beiträge zur Geschichte der Besiedlung Nord- und Mitteldeutschlands mit Balkanslaven], ubi dicitur "(...) Das ausschlaggebende Grundwort bei den bereits erwähnten und noch zu erwähnenden Formen scheint der Name der ''Dosse'', ein es Nebenflusses der Havel in der Prignitz. zu sein . Die frühesten, im Grunde jedoch spät einsetzenden Belege dieses Hydronyms sind: 1172 ''iuxta...Doxam'' (Helmold 40); 1274 ''dossa''; 1284 ''infra dosam'' (...)".</ref> | Dossa<ref name="Doxa"/> seu Dosa<ref name="Doxa"/> | ''Dosse'' | align="right" | 94 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinzig_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1099: ''ad Chinzechun; ad aliam Chinzichun''[6] 1128: ''flumen'' [Fluss] ''Kinzicha, flumen Kynzichun, ad aliam Kynzicham'' (...)".</ref> | Chinzichun<ref name="Chinzechun"/> seu Kinzicha<ref name="Chinzechun"/> seu Kynzichun<ref name="Chinzechun"/> seu Kynzicha<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | ''Kinzig'' | align="right" | 93 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Kinzig'' | align="right" | 92 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | Nagalta<ref name=Gr/> seu Nagaltha<ref name=Gr/> seu Naglatensis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Nagold'' | align="right" | 91 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Premantia]]<ref name="Premantia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prims#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Eine lateinische Urkunde Karls des Großen von 802 erwähnt den Namen Premantia. Der Flussname Premantia oder Bhrimantia (von „wallen“/„summen“) dürfte der keltischen Epoche entstammen (...)".</ref> | Bhrimantia | ''Prims'' | align="right" | 91 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Glana (Nava)|Glana]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. Bonnae: Behrend & Co.</ref> | Glan<ref name="Glan Navae">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA177&lpg=PA177&dq=%22flumen+Glan%22&source=bl&ots=ujmIwlysO7&sig=ACfU3U23l5Qidd06sYVb0KVJREd8YLFvDQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji5bbFwZ-HAxXgQvEDHdb5ClsQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=%22flumen%20Glan%22&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], ubi dicitur "(...) Glan, der r.z. Nahe (z. Rhein) bei Odernheim am Glan (...) ''super flumen Glan'' (...)".</ref> | ''Glan'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elz_(Rhein)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Nach Berger (1999) sind die Namen ''Helzaha fluvium'' (763), ''Elzach'' (1234) und ''Elza'' (1335) urkundlich belegt (...)".</ref> | Elsach<ref name="Helzaha"/> seu Elza<ref name="Helzaha"/> seu Alisontia<ref name=Gr/> | ''Elz'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidda_(Fluss)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ''Nidda'' gehört zu den ältesten Gewässernamen Europas. Die im 1. Jahrhundert an der Nidda errichtete Römerstadt Nida deutet darauf hin, dass die Römer den Flussnamen bereits vorfanden. Die älteste mittelalterliche Erwähnung findet sich in einer Urkunde des Lorscher Codex aus dem Jahr 782 (...)".</ref> | | ''Nidda'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Plissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Pleiße'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wutach articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Wutach wird im Jahr 1122 urkundlich erstmals genannt als ''Vutahe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Wutach'' seu ''Gutach'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aach Zwiveltense]]<ref name="AZ">De adiectivo Zwiveltense, confer articulum de [[Zwiveltum|urbe Zwivelto]].</ref> | | ''Zwiefalter Aach'' | align="right" | 89 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Dinkel (flumen)|Dinkel]] | | ''Dinkel'' | align="right" | 89 | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Raxa]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Recknitz'' | align="right" | 88 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Raxa]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lapara magna|Lapara Magna]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | | ''Große Laber'' | align="right" | 87 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | Stura<ref name=Gr/> seu Sturia<ref name=Gr/> seu Stihira<ref name=Gr/> | ''Stör'' | align="right" | 87 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Abrinca<ref name="Vergleichendes"/> seu Abricca<ref name="Vergleichendes">[http://books.google.de/books?id=NvYRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=Abricca&source=bl&ots=eTCBImcOgu&sig=u6nCfXmVmg2Y28LgxVTT_TFVIf4&hl=de&ei=mzfBTpGBMe754QSxqJyoBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCMQ6AEwATge#v=onepage&q=Abricca&f=false Vergleichendes wörterbuch der alten, mittleren und neuen geographie von Friedrich Heinrich Theodor Bischoff, Johann Heinrich Möller]</ref> | ''Ahr'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gera_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche Name des Flusses war Erfes (auch Erphes, Erfis oder Erphis), von dem der Name der Thüringer Landeshauptstadt Erfurt abstammt. Der Name Gera als Flussbezeichnung ist seit 1108 (Gerahe) belegt (...) Die lateinische Bezeichnung Hiera für Gera findet sich auch in der Benennung der alten Universität Erfurt als „Hierana“ (die an der Gera gelegene) (...)".</ref> | Gera<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erfes<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erphes<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erfis<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erphis<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Gerahe<ref name="Hiera"/> | ''Gera'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Prumia (flumen)|Prumia]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Prüm'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Osterbek]] | | ''Osterbek'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Alstria]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "magnum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | Audan Magnum<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | ''Große Aue'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Schipbeek]] | | ''Schipbeek'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Wippera (Sala)|Wippera Salae]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Wipper'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Sude'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 84 et 75 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 84 et 75 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Amsara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Amsaris<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Hemiscara<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Eimscherna<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Emscher'' | align="right" | 84 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Stepenitz (Albis)|Stepenitz Albis]]<ref name="Stepenitz">Vide ''Usus aquarum, Interdisziplinäre Studien zur Nutzung und Bedeutung von Gewässern im Mittelalter'', , ubi dicitur "(...) 1264) 1570 ''fluuii Stepenitz'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Stepenitz'' | align="right" | 84 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aisca]]<ref name="Aisca">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Früher wurde fälschlicherweise angenommen, dass die Herkunft des Namens Aisch (karolingisch Eisce und Eisge, in einer Urkunde von 1129 Aisca[6]) in seiner ursprünglichen Konnotation fischreich bedeutet (...)".</ref> | Eisce<ref name="Aisca"/> seu Eisge<ref name="Aisca"/> | ''Aisch'' | align="right" | 83 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wazowniza]]<ref name="Wesenitz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesenitz#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In der Oberlausitzer Grenzurkunde wurde der Fluss 1241 mehrfach als ''Wazowniza''⁷ genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Wesenitz'' | align="right" | 83 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Isala Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae|Isala Vetus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Sala<ref name="Hofmann"/> | ''Issel'' | align="right" | 82 | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]<ref name="Duria">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zusam#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Eine Landschaftsbezeichnung von 898 in pago Dúria („im Gau Dúria“) enthält den alten Namen des Flusses. Dieser stammt vermutlich vom keltisch/gallischen Wort *durā, *duriā, was so viel wie 'Flusslauf' bedeutet.[4] 1268 tritt der Name als Zvsma, 1269 als Zvsem, 1284 als Zeusme (...)".</ref> | Zusma<ref name="Duria"/> seu Zusem<ref name="Duria"/> seu Zeusme<ref name="Duria"/> | ''Zusam'' | align="right" | 81 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | Elmena<ref name=Gr/> | ''Helme'' | align="right" | 81 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Isana (Aenus)|Isana Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | Isia<ref name=Gr/> seu Isinisca<ref name=Gr/> | ''Isen'' | align="right" | 81 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Helbe]]<ref name="Helbe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helbe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...)Im Jahr 1267 taucht der Fluss als ''aquam … Helbe'' erstmals in den schriftlichen Urkunden auf (...)".</ref> | | ''Helbe'' | align="right" | 80 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Ichesa<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Itz'' | align="right" | 80 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aha (flumen)|Aha]]<ref name="Aha">Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ad Ahae fluvii'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Großache'' seu ''Kitzbüheler Ache'' seu ''Jochberger Ache'' seu ''Kössener Ache'' seu ''Tiroler Achen'' | align="right" | 79 | [[Lacus Chiemensis]]<ref name="Chiemensis">Gerhard Lorenz, [https://www.bavarikon.de/search?terms=Prior+von+Tegernsee&lang=en&facet=creator.name_str%3AGerhard%2C+Lorenz%3B+Verfasser "Brevis Bavariae geographia" (Herbipoli: 1844).]</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Murga (Nigra silva septentrionalis)|Murga Nigra silva septentrionalis]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Murg'' | align="right" | 79 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiesent]]<ref name="Wiesent">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=6QkAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA648&lpg=PA648&dq=%22amnis+Wiesent%22&source=bl&ots=ll6FFVN8hL&sig=ACfU3U3LV2O7iOzTO3ktkkn5305tf_T6fw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijsom6v7iHAxWwfKQEHRnRD_4Q6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=%22amnis%20Wiesent%22&f=false ''Bryologia universa seu Systematica ad novam methodum dispositio'', Vol. II], ubi dicitur "(...) In lapidicinis et ad ripa amnis Wiesent prope Erlangam (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiesent'' | align="right" | 79 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Vilsa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | ''Vils'' | align="right" | 78 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Mintela]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Mindel'' | align="right" | 78 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus">Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=FuwzkvZmlVAC&pg=RA2-PT353&lpg=RA2-PT353&dq=Rems+fluvius&source=bl&ots=pqKYOU-Qfo&sig=ACfU3U0iTPhkv6wzJUq8mkuntYSbzkgUaw&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi04PX82dvmAhVKK5oKHUwGAR8Q6AEwAXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=Rems%20fluvius&f=false FONS LATINITATIS CORVINIANUS BICORNIS, auctore Christophoro Giglingio].</ref> | Remsa<ref name="Remisus"/> seu Ramasia<ref>[https://books.google.de/books?id=bmITAAAAIAAJ&q=Ramasia&dq=Ramasia&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjX3v-KyNvmAhXQLVAKHZyABysQ6AEIXDAH Fons nominis in ''Heinrich Bebels Facetien drei Bücher'', 1931, pag. 199]</ref> | ''Rems'' | align="right" | 78 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Frimida]]<ref name="Frimida">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfreimd_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ältesten Belege des Namens Pfreimd sind ''Frimida'' (1022/23), ''Frima'' (1024–1031), ''Phrime'' (um 1130; mit der alten Schreibung <ph> für <pf>) und ''Phrimede'' (1156) (...)".</ref> | Frima<ref name="Frimida"/> seu Phrime<ref name="Frimida"/> seu Phrimede<ref name="Frimida"/> | ''Pfreimd'' | align="right" | 76 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Smuttura]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Schmutter'' | align="right" | 76 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ilma (Bavaria)|Ilma]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Ilma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilm_(Abens)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahre 821 schrieb man ''Ilma'', 890 ''Ilminam'', 920 ''Ilmim'' und seit 1322 ''Ilm'' (...)".</ref> | Ilmina<ref name="Ilma"/> seu Ilmin<ref name="Ilma"/> seu Ilm<ref name="Ilma"/> | ''Ilm'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Abia (Danubius)|Abia Danubii]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lade]]<ref name="Lade">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leda_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Nennung (fluuium Lade) stammt aus der ersten Hälfte des 9. Jahrhunderts (...)".</ref> | | ''Leda'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]<ref name="Murga NB">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauter_(Rhein,_Neuburg)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Lauter hieß am Unterlauf in keltisch-römischer Zeit Murga (...)".</ref> | Lutra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lauter'' seu ''Wieslauter'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tribula (Penus)|Tribula Peni]]<ref name="Tribula">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg], ubi dicitur "(...) Trebel, Fluß, unterhalb Demmin in die Peene, 1285 aqva, que Tribula dicitur, 1292 supra Treble, 1298 fluvius Trebele (...)".</ref> | Treble<ref name="Tribula"/> | ''Trebel'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 74 et 60 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 74 et 60 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Kambeloch]]<ref name="Kambeloch">Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf ''Katalog der romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Kammel''', Fluss links zur Mindel (z.Donau), ON. Kammlach (Lkr. Unterallgäu), 1243 ''Kambeloch'', < FlN. (kelt.) *''Kambal''- (+ ahd. -''aha'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Kammel'' seu ''Kammlach'' | align="right" | 74 | [[Mintela]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lesura (flumen Germanicum)|Lesura]]<ref name="Lesura">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieser_(Mosel)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name des Baches ist keltischen Ursprungs.[4] Die früheste Erwähnung der Lieser als ''Lesura'' findet sich in dem um 371 entstandenen Gedicht Mosella von Ausonius.[5] In Vers 365 steht: „Praetereo exilem Lesuram“ (die armselige Lieser übergehe ich).[6] In einem Testament aus dem Dezember 634 wird von Weingütern an der Lieser berichtet, die der Eigentümer besitzt: „Vineas ad Lesuram … quas possedi“.[7] Seit dem späten 8. Jahrhundert wandelt sich das e im Flussnamen ''Lesura'' zu ''i'' oder y, wobei auch der Name Lisera vorkommt. Der heutige Name ''Lieser'' ist erstmals in einer Urkunde aus dem Jahr 1357 beleg (...)".</ref> | Lisera | ''Lieser'' | align="right" | 74 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeetzel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird um das Jahr 1014 als Jesne erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Jeetzel'' | align="right" | 73 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Treya]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Treene'' | align="right" | 73 | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor"/> | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor"/> |- | [[Mogus rufus|Mogus Rufus]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Roter Main'' | align="right" | 72 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Soeste]] | | ''Soeste'' | align="right" | 72 | [[Jümme (flumen)|Jümme]] | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Waharna<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Werre'' | align="right" | 72 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Abia (Danubius)|Abia]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Abens'' | align="right" | 71 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | | ''Böhme'' | align="right" | 71 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vesa]]<ref name="Vesa">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=ELmR13uk8BwC&pg=PA1792&lpg=PA1792&dq=Vesdre+%22Vesa%22&source=bl&ots=dWgI2GF9n1&sig=ACfU3U3Fu4SstiopCZsYdLFXxKIkWlO_Qg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUvcSP-rWHAxX3RPEDHdwiBGY4ChDoAXoECB0QAw#v=onepage&q=Vesdre%20%22Vesa%22&f=false ''Dictionnaire Géographique Et Statistique Sur Un Plan Entièrement Nouveau, Volume 2''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''VESDRE''', lat. ''Vesa'', riv. d'Europe affl. dr. de l'Ourte à Chênée (...)".</ref> | | ''Weser'' | align="right" | 71 | [[Urta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]] | | ''Agger'' | align="right" | 70 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sura (Rhenus)|Sura Rheni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sauer'' | align="right" | 70 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Arguna Inferior]]<ref name="ArgInf">Fingitur hoc nomen Latino e nomine fluminis Argunae (Theodisce ''Argen'') et versione adiectivi ''Untere'', "inferior-ius". </ref> | | ''Untere Argen'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Arguna]]<ref name="Arguna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...)Der Fluss wird 839 erstmals als ''ad Argunam'' schriftlich erwähnt. Er bedeutete ursprünglich 'hell, glänzend, (blitz)schnell' (...)".</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Haidenaab]] | | ''Haidenaab'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nidder]]<ref name="Nidder">Vide [https://geschichtsvereinhoechst.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Hoechster-Geschichtsverein-Geschichtshefte-1978-heft-30-31-kurmainische-schloss-zu-hoechst-am-main.pdf ''Das kurmainzische Schloß zu Höchst am Main''], ubi dicitur "(...) Moenus fluvius, Nidder fluvius (...)".</ref> | | ''Nidder'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna Salae Moeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sinn'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Sala (Moeni)|Sala Moeni]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Weteraha]]<ref name="Weteraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 772 als „Wetteraha“ erstmals schriftlich erwähnt.[5] Weitere Namensformen sind „Weteraha“, „Wettera“, „Wetera“ und „Weter“ (...)".</ref> | Wettera<ref name="Weteraha"/> seu Wetera<ref name="Weteraha"/> seu Weter<ref name="Weteraha"/> | ''Wetter'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=THpYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=%22flumen+Tollense%22&source=bl&ots=CdYxZN4qYZ&sig=ACfU3U3_0MiH2yDFIhsR5LpriED48tJvfw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjsgNbVl7aHAxXJYPEDHUnIA9cQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=%22flumen%20Tollense%22&f=false ''Georgii Tertii ... Regis Magnae Britanniae, Franciae, Hiberniae defensoris''], ubi dicitur "(...) quorum illos LAacus et flumen Tollense Stargardiae et Pomeraniae exteriori vindicant (...)".</ref> | | ''Tollense'' | align="right" | 68 | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Flöha]] | | ''Flöha'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Huna]]<ref name="Huna">Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_naa002197301_01/_naa002197301_01_0003.php ''Naamkunde. Jaargang 5''] ubi dicitur "(...) De '''Haune''', rechterbijrivier van de Fulda te Bad Hersfeld (Land Hessen, Reg.-Bez. Kassel, Landkr. en AG Hersfeld): 747 (onecht stuk, waarschijnlijk van 822-24; hs. kort na het midden der XIIe e.) ''in australem Hûnam ... in Hunam'', 789 (k. kort na het midden der XIIe e. van k. 828) ''fluvii, quae vocatur Huna''(40); ...; 980 (or.) ''in fluvium Huna vocatum ... in Hunaha, de Hunaha''(41). (...)".</ref> | Hunaha | ''Haune'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Labere]]<ref name="Labere">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals schriftlich erwähnt wurde der Fluss etwa um 1150 als Labere (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarze Laber'' seu ''Schwarze Laaber'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Schwarzer Schöps]] | | ''Schwarzer Schöps'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Werse]]<ref name="Werse">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werse#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der älteste urkundliche Beleg des Namens der Werse stammt aus dem Jahr 1189 als ''Werse'', und aus dem Jahr 1279 stammt die Form ''de Wersa''. Für das Jahr 1316 erscheint in Lateinisch der Eintrag ''molendino dicto Wersa'', also ein Mühlort, beziehungsweise eine Wassermühle die (an der) Werse genannt wird (...)".</ref> | Wersa<ref name="Werse"/> | ''Werse'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Löcknitz]] | | ''Löcknitz'' | align="right" | 66 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bilena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Billena<ref name=Gr/> | ''Bille'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bunaha (flumen)|Bunaha]]<ref name="Bunaha">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Baunach|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/5481494/sankt-oswald-baunach-pfarrei-st-oswald-baunach ''Sankt Oswald Baunach''], ubi dicitur "(...) ad Bunaha ubi ecclesia edificata erat (...)".</ref> | | ''Baunach'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ilissus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ilsus<ref name=Gr/> seu Iltsa<ref name=Gr/> seu Iltza<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ilz'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lapara parva|Lapara Parva]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | | ''Kleine Laber'' seu ''Kleine Laaber'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Lapara magna|Lapara Magna]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nuthe|Nuthe Habalae]]<ref name="Nuthe">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=Y-VGAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA497&lpg=PA497&dq=%22fluvius+nuthe%22&source=bl&ots=ew4OufOUqY&sig=ACfU3U1NZgQzw_R5Ctg_Z4y-xjPnhODopA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwje1uS7p7aHAxWFQvEDHTzqD6sQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=%22fluvius%20nuthe%22&f=false ''Cornelii Taciti opera quae supersunt''], ubi dicitur "(...) Nuithones, populus Germaniae in comitatu Marchiae Mediae, ubi fluvius ''Nuthe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Nuthe'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Möhne]] | | ''Möhne'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nister (flumen)|Nister]]<ref name="Nister">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/cellarius1/cellariushistoria.html CHRISTOPHORI CELLARII HISTORIA UNIVERSALIS BREVITER AC PERSPICVE EXPOSITA IN ANTIQUAM, ET MEDII AEV AC NOVAM DIVISA, CUM NOTIS PERPETVIS EDITIO XI. AD NOSTRA USQUE TEMPORA CONTINVATA ET SUMMARIIS AUCTA], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Cochin vocatur castellum ad fluvium Nister, quod pacificatione post hanc victoriam Walachorum principi a Polonis restitutum fuit'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Nister'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rezat]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=bqhMAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP12&lpg=PP12&dq=amnis+,+Rezat+feu+Redniz+,+olim+Radiantia+dictus&source=bl&ots=CXb6OXVZC-&sig=ACfU3U0rrGccL2eu9TSN4x0nIlOWdLfgUA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPxaDRwraHAxVdVPEDHcn8C2wQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=amnis%20%2C%20Rezat%20feu%20Redniz%20%2C%20olim%20Radiantia%20dictus&f=false ''Natalem vicesimum septimum serenissimae principis ac dominae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Rezat seu Redniz, olim Radiantia dictus (...)". Quamquam, secundum hunc librum, nomina "Radiantia" et "Rezat" et "Redniz" synonyma olim erant, eligitur "Rezat" flumini hodie Theodisce ''Fränkische Rezat'' nuncupato; nomen "Radiantia" flumini hodie Theodisce ''Regnitz'' nuncupato; nomen "Redniz" flumini hodie Theodisce ''Rednitz'' nuncupato. Flumini hodie Theodisce ''Schwäbische Rezat'' nuncupato, eligitur nomen "Radentia", secundum articulum de hoc flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam, ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 793 wurde der Fluss erstmals als „Radentia“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Fränkische Rezat'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salica (flumen)|Salica]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Selke'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wenkbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wenkbach'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Par-Allna]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alzus]]<ref name="Alzus">Vide [http://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum Lucusaltianum''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Alz,''' f ''Alzus, i, m'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alezussa, ae, f'' [ORB p.59]; ''Alzissa, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alszista, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alasa, ae, f'' [ORB p.57]; ''Alaza, ae, f'' [ORB p.57]; ''Alsa, ae,'' f [ORB p.61]; ''Alza, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Acha, ae, f'' [ORB p.53]; ''Achsa, ae,'' f [ORB p.53]; ''Achza, ae, f'' [ORB p.53] {flumen Germanicum, quod in Aeno influit} (...)".</ref> | Alezussa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alzissa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alszista,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alasa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alaza,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alsa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alza,<ref name="Alzus"/> Acha,<ref name="Alzus"/> Achsa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Achza<ref name="Alzus"/> | ''Alz'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | | ''Selz'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salmona]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Salma<ref name="Hofmann"/> | ''Salm'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vilisa (Nicer)|Vilisa Niceri]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Fils'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Werma]]<ref name="Werma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wern#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Den Namen schrieb man im 8. Jahrhundert ''Werma'' und um das Jahr 1015 ''Werina'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Wern'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Emmera]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Ambra<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Emmer'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Escheda]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Esta<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Este'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Milnitz]]<ref name="Milnitz">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 ''Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg''], ubi dicitur "(...) Mildenitz, Nebenfluß der Warnow, 1237 die bach Milnitz, 1256 usque Milnitz fluuium, 1272 aqua Mildenizce (...)".</ref> | Mildenizce | ''Mildenitz'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ursene<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Örtze'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Scuzina]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Schussen'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Lacus Bodamicus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zwentine]]<ref name="Zwentine">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=JusDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA690&lpg=PA690&dq=%22Zwentina%22+Schwentine&source=bl&ots=NShweEDAaE&sig=ACfU3U1QJPxuSMkZU_e946z20Z2AyCu0Cg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieo7P51LaHAxXW1QIHHRflAKkQ6AF6BAgcEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Zwentine%22%20&f=false ''Urkundensammlung der Schledswig-holstein-lauenburgischen ..., Volume 1''], ubi dicitur "(...) Cujus termini sunt in aquilonari parte a Zwentine usque ad Lapides (...) situm in Zwentina fluvio prope clautrum (...)".</ref> | Zwentina<ref name="Zwentine"/><ref name="Zwentina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwentine#Historisches hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Auch Namensformen wie Zwentina, Zuentina, Suentana sind historisch belegt (...)".</ref> seu Zuentina<ref name="Zwentina"/> seu Suentana<ref name="Zwentina"/> | ''Schwentine'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Lacus Parvus Ploenensis]]<ref name="LPP">Fingitur huius lacūs nomen (Theodisce ''Kleiner Plöner See'') adiacenti ex urbe [[Ploena|Ploenā]]. Latino de huius urbis nomine, vide {{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Zwentine]]<ref name="Zwentine"/> |- | [[Nemesa]]<ref name="Nemesa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nims#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Nims wird bereits in römischer Zeit vom Dichter Decim(i)us Magnus Ausonius in seinem Werk "Mosella" als ''Nemesa'' erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nims'' | align="right" | 61 | [[Prumia (flumen)|Prumia]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Plana (Habala)|Plana]]<ref name="Plana">Riedel, A. F., auctore (1849). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Praecipua pars 1, Volumen 8. Berolini: F.H. Morin.</ref> | | ''Plane'' | align="right" | 61 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Ohm'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ardaha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Arda<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Aar'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kraichbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kraichbach'' seu ''Kraich'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Locha (flumen Germanicum)|Locha]]<ref name="Locha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauchert#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den ersten schriftlichen Nennungen des 13. Jh. heißt der Fluss ''Locha'' (...)".</ref><ref name="Locha2">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/wirtembergische02staagoog/wirtembergische02staagoog_djvu.txt ''Wirtembergisches urkundenbuch; herausgegeben von dem Königlichen staatsarchiv in Stuttgart''], ubi dicitur "(...) qui ex arce nostra Altenburg ad flumen, quod Locha dicitur (...)".</ref> | | ''Lauchert'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nebula (flumen Germanicum)|Nebula]]<ref name="Nebula">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebel_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Nebel ist 1189 als ''Nebula'' ersturkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nebel'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Phunzin]]<ref name="Phunzin">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=Z2oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=%22Pfinz%22+fluvius&source=bl&ots=ivgR20gcuE&sig=ACfU3U0GvdH1J3wBfLY8Wl4IQyDP8hsMsA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjn4OGb7LaHAxWlR_EDHQmmDRAQ6AF6BAgaEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Pfinz%22%20fluvius&f=false ''Geographia pagorum vetustae Germaniae cisrhenanorum''], ubi dicitur "(...) PHUNZIN fl. (h. ''Pfin'') a quo pagellus nomen traxit, oritur non longe a Portâ Hercininiae (...)".</ref> | | ''Pfinz'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Polseniz (flumen)|Polseniz]]<ref name="Polseniz">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://hov.isgv.de/Pulsnitz Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen], ubi dicitur "(...) 1225: Heinricus de Polseniz plebanus, Bernardus de Polseniz (CDS II 7 KAM Nr. 1) 1255: Polsnicz 1272: Polsenycz (...)"</ref> | Polsnicz<ref name="Polseniz"/> seu Polsenycz<ref name="Polseniz"/> | ''Pulsnitz'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=FwLmPwST_TIC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=%22Speyerbach%22+flumen&source=bl&ots=MMu5IpjCnq&sig=ACfU3U1UUwmNCx1XsPxoC3xBNCcwKc0JDA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigoozG6LaHAxUpR_EDHZYBDiUQ6AF6BAgYEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Speyerbach%22%20flumen&f=false ''Der Kaiser-Dom zu Speyer: eine topographisch-historische Monographie, Volume 1''], ubi dicitur "(...) inde autem ad flumen Spira (Speyerbach) dictum (...)".</ref> | | ''Speyerbach'' seu ''Speyer'' seu ''Speierbach'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |} ===Flumina inter 59 et 50 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 59 et 50 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Alisontia (Mosella)|Alisontia]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Elzbach'' seu ''Elz'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Almana]]<ref name=Gr/> | Aliso<ref name=Gr/> | ''Alme'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fona]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Fuhne'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nitasa]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Nette'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | Rekinzi<ref name="Rekinzi">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnitz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Es ist erstmals in einer lateinischen Urkunde von 1160 als „Rekinzi“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | ''Regnitz'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiscoz]]<ref name="Wiscoz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weschnitz#Flussname hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Auf die Weschnitz wird mit Wiscoz, Wisgots[4] oder ähnlichen Schreibweisen in zahlreichen Urkunden des Lorscher Codex als Referenz für die Lage des Klosters Lorsch Bezug genommen. Auch in anderen lateinischen Publikationen erscheint dieser Name.[5] (...)".</ref> | Wisgots | ''Weschnitz'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lubetowe]]<ref name="Lubetowe">Vide [https://www.sorabicon.de/kulturlexikon/artikel/prov_urb_tjk_d3b/ ''Gewässernamen''], ubi dicitur "(...) danach benannt ist das ''Löbauer Wasser'', das aber 1228/1241 ''Lubotna'' hieß, 1268 ''flumen Lubetowe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Löbauer Wasser'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Luya|Luya Ilmenae]]<ref name=Gr/> | Lia<ref name=Gr/> | ''Luhe'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta">Vide [https://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/lc-de-en-liste2.html ''Liber...censualium: Digitale Edition - Nachträge und Einbindungen fol. 39 - 43v''], ubi dicitur "(...) Haienperch totum in circuito inde inter flumina Manachfialta et Slieraha usque ad Hesilintal (...) (...) ''Manachfialta'': TF Mangfall (...) de Hesilintal sursum iuxta Slieraha usque ad Rotenpach inde usque ad cacumen Citolfesecca inde usque ad medietatem Manachvalte. inde iusum iuxta Manachvalta usque ad Hesilental (...) ''Manachvalta'': TF Mangfall (...)".</ref> | Manachvalta<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | ''Mangfall'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Parda (flumen)|Parda]]<ref name="Bavarikon">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=224&cq=Novigrad%20%E2%9D%ACIstrien%E2%9D%AD%20=%20Cittanova%20d%27Istria&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N - Z''].</ref> | | ''Parthe'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schuntra]]<ref name=Gr/> | Scontra<ref name=Gr/> seu Scuntra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Schunter'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Secunda Alestra]]<ref name="Secunda Alestra">Vide [https://nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/ahisto/portal/fulltext.php?docid=635&search=Kleine+Elster Monumenta Egrana I], ubi dicitur "(...) die secunda Alestra sicher gleich mit der Elstra minor (der kleinen Elster) einer nicht viel späteren Urkunde (...)".</ref> | Elstra Minor<ref name="Secunda Alestra"/> | ''Kleine Elster'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Stibarna]]<ref name="Stibarna">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/grndungsgeschic00tibugoog/grndungsgeschic00tibugoog_djvu.txt ''Gründungsgeschichte der stifter, pfarrkirchen, klöster und kapellen im bereiche des alten bisthums Münster, mit ausschluss des ehemaligen friesischen theils''], ubi dicitur "(...) Sülfen Tiegt naͤmlich unweit des Steverfluffes (Stibarna, Stivarna, Stiburna) (...) h „iuxta Stibarna“ bezeichnet wird (...)".</ref> | Stivarna<ref name="Stibarna"/> seu Stiburna<ref name="Stibarna"/> | ''Stever'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tannbacum (Sala)|Tannbacum Salae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Tannbach'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wundreb (flumen)|Wundreb]]<ref name="Wundreb">Fingitur huius fluminis nomen e Latino homonymi oppiduli nomine, secundum [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_8rY-AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_8rY-AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''Regesta sive rerum boicarum autographa ad annum usque MCCC''], ubi dicitur "(...) Ulricua judex de Wundreb (...)".</ref> | | ''Wondreb'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Agara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Darmbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Darmbach'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]] | Leyn<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lein'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Owe Burgdorfiense]]<ref name="Owe Burgd.">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" et adiectivo "Burgdorfiense". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". De adiectivo "Burgdorfiensis-e", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Audan Burgdorfiense<ref name="Owe Burgd."/> | ''Burgdorfer Aue'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Reineche]]<ref name="Reineche">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rench#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Rench wurde 1291 erwähnt als ''rivus Reineche'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Rench'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Simmerbach]]<ref name="Simmerbach">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=wBQ-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=%22rivus+Simmerbach%22&source=bl&ots=cYl1hMp3vI&sig=ACfU3U1uPmMXEYefVbUd15wXK5KAd9wPJg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmufD1vbmHAxWlBNsEHc5MBDEQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=%22rivus%20Simmerbach%22&f=false ''De Tauni montis parte Transrhenana''], ubi dicitur "(...) propagatum rivus Simmerbach transit (...)".</ref> | | ''Simmerbach'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulster (flumen)|Ulster]] | | ''Ulster'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vurmicus|Vurmicus Rurae]]<ref name=Gr/> | Vurmnis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wurm'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wyda (flumen)|Wyda]]<ref name="Wyda">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Wyda|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Weida<ref name="Wyda"/> seu Weitaha<ref name="Wyda"/> seu Wida<ref name="Wyda"/> seu Weyda<ref name="Wyda"/> | ''Weida'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Alpha (Isala Vetus)|Alpha Isalae Veteris]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Bocholter Aa'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Isala Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae|Isala Vetus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Alstria]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Alstra<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Halstera<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Affalstria<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Alster'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ebera]]<ref name="Ebera">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20221231091120/http://ebersberger-historie.de/assets/jb_2_web.pdf Weitere Eber-Namen in Deutschland], ubi dicitur "(...) Reiche Ebrach (l. zur Regnitz, 1069 Ebera) (...)".</ref> | |''Reiche Ebrach'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hursilla]]<ref name="Hursilla">Vide [https://collections.thulb.uni-jena.de/receive/HisBest_cbu_00084275 ''Collections@Urmel''], ubi dicitur "(...) 979 in fluvio quodam Hursilla vocat qui fluit in Lupinzgovve (...) 1014 de capella ad Hûrselen (...)".</ref> | Hurselen | ''Hörsel'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Oder'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Ruma (flumen)|Ruma]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Schuttera]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Schutter'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Swareza]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Swartza<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Swarza<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | ''Schwarzach'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dillena]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Dill'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Guntia (flumen)|Guntia]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Gontia<ref name="Gontia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name wird in der Antike schon im 2./3. Jahrhundert inschriftlich erwähnt (Gontiae sacr(um)). (...)".</ref> | ''Günz'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Horone]]<ref name="Horone">Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_(Schwarzbach)#Hydronymie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ancienne mention : ''Hornsbach¹'' (1150). D'après l'aha, « ''zuo deru hoawinum bacha'' ». Une deuxième Horn, appelée maintenant Breidenbach, a formé les localités d'Althorn et Neuhorn qui s'écrivent en 783 « ''in marca Horone''¹ ». (...)".</ref> | Hornsbach<ref name="Horone"/> | ''Horn'' seu ''Hornsbach'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schlinge (flumen)|Schlinge]] | | ''Schlinge'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Bielheimerbeek]] | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Wiese (flumen)|Wiese]]<ref name="Wiese">Vide [https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=bhl-001%3A1913%3A22%3A%3A276 ''Über das Vorkommen von Teesdalia und Subularia in der Schweiz''], ubi dicitur "(...) ad flumen Wiese (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiese'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wisinta]]<ref name="Wisinta">Vide [https://archive.org/details/thringischeges10vereuoft/page/172/mode/2up?view=theater&q=wisinta https://archive.org/details/thringischeges10vereuof]</ref> | Wisenta<ref name="Wisenta">Vide [https://www.bergfex.de/sommer/thueringen/touren/wanderung/1008459,wandern-um-die-talsperre-loessau/ ''Wandern um die Talsperre Lössau''], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 1071 wird das Flüsschen erstmals erwähnt, das Gebiet, das sie durchfließt wird als „terra Wisenta“ = Wisentaland bezeichnet (...).</ref> | ''Wisenta'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Woblitz]] | | ''Woblitz'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Acher]] | | ''Acher'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Inda (flumen)|Inda]]<ref name="Inda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Name der Inde ist als ''Inda'' zuerst belegt für die Zeit der Jahre 496 bis 506 n. Chr. in einer Handschrift des 13./14. Jahrhunderts, welche ihrerseits eine aus dem 7./8. Jahrhundert stammende Kopie der ''Cosmographia'' (4, 24) des Geographen von Ravenna kopiert. Der Ortsname der Klostergründung der Reichsabtei Kornelimünster im frühen 9. Jahrhundert, der zuerst ebenfalls kurz ''Inda'' lautete, erscheint bis 855 als ''Sancti Corneli ad Indam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Inde'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Köhntop]] | | ''Köhntop'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera"/> | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera"/> |- | [[Rota (Danubius)|Rota Danubii]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Rot<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rott<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rote<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Rot'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Truna (Alzus|Truna Alzensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Traun'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Alzus]]<ref name="Alzus"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Vurmicus (Nagalda)|Vurmicus Nagaldae]]<ref name="Vurmicus Nagalda">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Würm'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza">Vide [http://www.arbre-celtique.com/encyclopedie/alisantia-alisontia-elsenz-16628.htm Encyclopédie de l'Arbre Celtique], ubi dicitur "(...) Nom antique de l'Elsenz, rivière affluente du Neckar (...). Cet hydronyme apparaît ensuite sous les formes ''Elisinza fluvius, sursum Elizinza'' et ''Elisenza'' dans un Acte du roi Otton III, daté du 1^er janvier 988 (...).</ref> | Elizinza<ref name="Elisinza"/> seu Elisenza<ref name="Elisinza"/> | ''Elsenz'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ferum Bistrice]]<ref name="Ferum Bistrice">Fingitur hoc hydronymum ex adiectivo "ferum" (Theodisce ''Wilde'') et nomine Latino "Bistrice". De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur "Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)".</ref> | Ferum Buistrizi<ref name="Ferum Bistrice"/> seu Februm Wisteritz<ref name="Ferum Bistrice"/> seu Ferum Wistricz<ref name="Ferum Bistrice"/> | ''Wilde Weißeritz'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Bistrice]]<ref name="Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Radaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Rodach'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | | ''Schwarza'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schwarzach (Alcmana)|Schwarzach Alcmanae]] | | ''Schwarzach'' seu ''Schwarza'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Steinbacum (Herbipolis)|Steinbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Steinbach'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aach Linzgauviense]]<ref name="Lizgauviense">Gentilicium "Linzgauviense" ad Linzgauvia refertur. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linzgau#Mittelalter eius articulum apud Vicipaaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in pago Linzgauvia'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Linzer Aach'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alf (flumen)|Alf]] | | ''Alf'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brancia (flumen)|Brancia]]<ref name="Brancia">Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf ''Die romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Brenz''', Fluss links zur Donau, mündet zwischen Faimingen und Lauingen (Lkr. Dillingen an der Donau), um 774 ''fluvium Brancia'', < (kelt.) *''Brandisa'' (...).</ref> | | ''Brenz'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Murrensis]]<ref name="Murrensis">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murr_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Er ist bereits in der Bezeichnung der römerzeitlichen Ansiedlung vicus murrensis belegt, die ein bei Benningen oder bei Murrhardt gelegenes Lagerdorf war (...)". Quo ex vico, fingitur Latinum huius fluminis nomen.</ref> | | ''Murr'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nesse (Hursilla)|Nesse Hursillae]] | | ''Nesse'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Hursilla]]<ref name="Hursilla"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Queich]]<ref name="Queich">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=1ikVoFz9F-MC&pg=PA70&lpg=PA70&dq=%22Queich%22+flumen&source=bl&ots=dVXN9_IKSb&sig=ACfU3U3lXPV-apGeopoOVaDcEsxRaPxROw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz9LzMuruHAxWXcaQEHbD9DMoQ6AF6BAgqEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Queich%22%20flumen&f=false ''Atlas novus exhibens orbem terraqueum per naturae (...)''], ubi dicitur "(...) LANDAW ''Landavia'' V. satis ampla & nunc egregiè ''munita'' olim ''Imperialis,'' ad Flumen ''Queich'' (...).</ref> | | ''Queich'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rognitzium (flumen)|Rognitzium]]<ref name="Chytraeus 1593">Chytraeus, D. (1593). ''Chronicon Saxoniae et vicinarum aliquot gentium: ab anno Christi 1500 usque ad 1593''. Impensis haeredum Iacobi Lucii.</ref> | | ''Rögnitz'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rota (Danubius)|Rota Danubii]]<ref name="Rota Danubii">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Roth'' seu ''Roth am Sand'' seu ''Roth bei Nürnberg'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Snudra]]<ref name="Snudra">Vide [https://www.philol.uni-leipzig.de/fileadmin/Fakult%C3%A4t_Philo/Namenberatungsstelle/NBS_Webseite/Onomastica_Lipsiensia_Band07_Alt-Leipzig_und_das_Leipziger_Land_2010.pdf ''Alt-Leipzig und das Leipziger Land''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Schnauder''', die, r → Weißen Elster sö. Groitzsch. 1104 ''infra Wiram et Snudram'', (...).</ref> | | ''Schnauder'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Stepenitz (Trabena)|Stepenitz Trabenae]] | | ''Stepenitz'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Welse (Viadrus)|Welse Viadri]] | | ''Welse'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alba (Rhenus superior)|Alba Rheni Superioris]]<ref name="Alba">Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Alb, die''' – 1Alb, Obere~, r.z. Rhein (...) 983 ''ortus Albae,'' 1018 ''Alba'', 1065 ''influit Albam, ad ortum Albae, Alba'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Alb'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chambe]]<ref name="Chambe">Vide [https://www.ffw-hof.de/chronik/entstehung-der-ortschaft-hof.html ''Entstehung der Ortschaft Hof''], ubi dicitur "(...) “Cella ad Chambe super regnum flumen“ (Klösterlein bei Chamb am Regenfluss) (...)".</ref> | | ''Chamb'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Regana]]<ref name="Regana"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Eltingmuhlebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Eltingmühlenbach'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Glane (Amisia)|Glane]] | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gaspentia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Gaspenza<ref name=Gr/> | ''Gersprenz'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinckalta]]<ref name="Sinckalta">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=8d5lAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=flumen+%22Singold%22&source=bl&ots=qEiD_QX4Mw&sig=ACfU3U1wTsemX_SdGib3RWUmMUyhhHHpqQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiS3-qvnb6HAxXkVfEDHXWxB40Q6AF6BAgqEAM#v=onepage&q=flumen%20%22Singold%22&f=false ''Jahrs-Bericht des historischen Vereins im Oberdonau-Kreise''], ubi dicitur "(...) Inde ad flumen ''Sinckalta'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Singold'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Wertaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Alasenza (flumen)|Alasenza]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Alisinza<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Alsenz'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Arguna Superior]]<ref name="ArgSup">Fingitur hoc nomen Latino e nomine fluminis Argunae (Theodisce ''Argen'') et versione adiectivi ''Untere'', "superior-ius". </ref> | | ''Obere Argen'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Arguna]]<ref name="Arguna"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html ''Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: ''], ubi dicitur "(...) Schwarzbachs, l.z. Blies (z. Saar z. Mosel z. Rhein). – 1180 Burchalben, (...)" et [https://books.google.es/books?id=I-9aAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA351&lpg=PA351&dq=Burchalben&source=bl&ots=vXYbdT7nPZ&sig=ACfU3U2vjL9nMi7VLCnfIdvQe0tDfpo3tw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPv6n0x76HAxUMVKQEHVe7F04Q6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&q=Burchalben&f=false ''Subsidia diplomatica ad selecta juris ecclesiastici Germaniae et...''], ubi dicitur "(...) in confinio ''Vosagi'' situm, rivulis scilicet: ''Hermanesbach, Mosalben, & Burchalben'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Burgalb'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Blesa (tributarius Saravi)|Blesa]]<ref name="Blesa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Clana (Ambra)|Clana Ambrae]]<ref name="Clana Ambrae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glonn_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ihren Namen hat der Fluss aus dem keltischen: „Glanos“, das heißt rein und glänzend, oder „glana“, was so viel wie die „Reine, Heilige“ bedeutet. Die Römer haben diesen Namen übernommen. In Urkunden um das Jahr 770 wurde der Fluss mit „Clana“ bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | | ''Glonn'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Delvunda]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Delvenau'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Deya]]<ref name="Deya">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyach_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Auch in älteren Berichten findet sich die Bezeichnung „Deya“, so in der Topographia Sueviae von Matthäus Merian von 1643/1656 (...)".</ref> | | ''Eyach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hisne]]<ref name="Hisne">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise_(Aller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wird die Ise im Jahr 786 (''in ortum Hisne'') urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Ise'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hollerbacum (Morre)|Hollerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hollerbach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Morre (Billbach)|Morre]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mosacus (Isara)|Mosacus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Mosa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Moosach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nemaninga]]<ref name="Mümling"/> | Mimilingum<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Mimelinga<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Mimininga<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Mimelingen<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Minimingaha<ref name="Mümling"/> | ''Mümling'' seu ''Mömling'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]] | | ''Nethe'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nieplitz]] | | ''Nieplitz'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Nuthe]]<ref name="Nuthe"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Riussaia]]<ref name="Riussaia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riousiaoua#Etymologisches "Riousiaoua"] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam, ubi dicitur "(...) Albrecht Greule setzt den Namen mit dem Flussnamen Riß gleich, der in den ältesten Erwähnungen als ''Riussaiam'' (anno 1293) erscheint. (...)".</ref> | | ''Riß'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Salzaha (Rhenus)|Salzaha Rheni]]<ref name="Saalbach Salzaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saalbach_(Rhein)#Namen_und_Definitionen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Lorscher Codex wird das Gewässer 769 ''fluvius Salzaha'' genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Saalbach'' seu ''Salbach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Urdefa (flumen)|Urdefa]]<ref name="Urdefa">Vide [http://www.lateinboard.de/topic,4345,-uebersetzung-von-latein-in-deutsch-einer-schenkungsurkunde-vo.html ''Übersetzung von latein in deutsch einer Schenkungsurkunde vo''], ubi dicitur "(...) usque ad locum ubi Urdefa (der Fluss Urft; derVerfasser) cadit (...)".</ref> | | ''Urft'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ursna]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Orsna<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Ahse'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Volme]] | | ''Volme'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zenna (flumen)|Zenna]]<ref name="Zenna">Nomen homonymo ex oppidulo apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=224&cq=Novigrad%20%E2%9D%ACIstrien%E2%9D%AD%20=%20Cittanova%20d%27Istria&lang=de Bavarikon].</ref> | | ''Zenn'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |} ===Flumina inter 49 et 40 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 49 et 40 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Ersene]]<ref name="Ersene">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aue_und_Erse#Geschichte articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die Erse wird 1335 zum ersten Mal schriftlich genannt (''in fluvio Ersene'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Aue'' seu ''Erse'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Fuhse]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Erubris]]<ref name="Erubris">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwer articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die '''Ruwer''' (lat.: ''Erubris, Rubora'') (...)".</ref> | Rubora<ref name="Erubris"/> | ''Ruwer'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gennach (flumen)|Gennach]] | | ''Gennach'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Wertaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hamma (flumen)|Hamma]]<ref name="Hamma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamme_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1331 (a flumine Hamma) erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hamme'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Lesmonia]]<ref name="Lesum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mohelnice]]<ref name="Mohelnice">Vide [https://nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/ahisto/portal/book/1244?lpage=84&search=mohelnice Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Regni Bohemiae], ubi dicitur "(...) Fortasse Žadlovice apud Loštice, a Mohelnice (Müglitz) meridiem versus (...)".</ref> | Müglitz<ref name="Mohelnice"/> | ''Müglitz'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Nigra Aqua Muldae]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)".</ref> | |''Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sülz (flumen)|Sülz]] | | ''Sülz'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Uchte]] | |''Uchte'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Alend]]<ref name="Alend"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ussbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Üßbach'' seu ''Ueßbach'' seu ''Üssbach'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Alf (flumen)|Alf]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BChler_(Fluss)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die Bühler wird 1024 als ''Bilerna'' erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Bühler'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreisam#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ersten urkundlichen Erwähnungen sind von 864 (''Dreisima'') und 1008 (''Treisama'') (...)".</ref> | Treisama<ref name="Dreisima"/> |''Dreisam'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gugelitz]]<ref name="Gugelitz">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4glitz_(Prignitz)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der schriftliche Erstbeleg stammt aus dem Jahr 1259 (''aquam … Gugelitz'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Jäglitz'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Karthana]]<ref name="Karthana">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karthane#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im Jahr 1274 (''supra karthanam'') (...)".</ref> | |''Karthane'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Stepenitz (Albis)|Stepenitz Albis]]<ref name="Stepenitz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma">Vide [https://www.cloeser.org/gewaesser/Gewaesser_Harz_0.8.pdf cloeser.org], ubi dicitur "(...) die Ausgangsform ist aufgrund des erst ab dem 12. Jahrhundert in Form von „Ruma“ urkundlich überlieferten Namens nicht bestimmbar (...)".</ref> | |''Rhume'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Stregus]]<ref name="Stregus">Vide [https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Striegis Victionarium Theodiscum], ubi dicitur "(...) Herkunft: (über Stregus, Striguz (...)".</ref> | Striguz<ref name="Stregus"/> |''Große Striegis'' seu ''Striegis'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eberbach|Eberbach Radiantiae]]<ref name="Eberbach">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)".</ref> | |''Rauhe Ebrach'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gliniza]]<ref name="Gliniza">Confer [https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=43a98bb4673fd18f&sca_upv=1&sxsrf=ADLYWIIODv_ebdbY2kK1Pfejy7VR1TeitQ:1726352083389&q=%22Glinizam%22+Glems&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwib8b_VusOIAxWBQPEDHRUMCUoQ5t4CegQIGxAB&biw=1280&bih=587&dpr=1.5 hos exitūs] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur "(...) usque in Glinizam locum,. 1172 (Kopie 19. Jh ... Glems, die r.z. Enz (z. Neckar z. Rhein) ... der Glems, GauN. 769 (Kopie 12. Jh.) Glemisgouwe (...)".</ref> | | ''Glems'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Holtemna]]<ref name="Holtemna">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holtemme#Etymologie articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den mittelalterlichen Urkunden wurde der Fluss ''Holtemna'' (ca. 1050, 1184), ''Holtempna'' (ca. 1150, 1230, 1241, 1277), ''Holtemne'' (1373, 1378) (...)".</ref> | Holtempna<ref name="Holtemna"/> seu Holtemne<ref name="Holtemna"/> |''Holtemme'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nigra Aqua Hoyerswerdensis]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Hoyerswerdendis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui substantivo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)"; cui autem adiectivo, confer [https://archive.org/stream/aeltereuniversi00friegoog/aeltereuniversi00friegoog_djvu.txt Aeltere universitäts matrikeln], ubi dicitur "(...) Martinas Sacreiz Hoyerswerdensis Lasatas (...)".</ref> | |''Hoyerswerdaer Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Villa (flumen)|Villa]]<ref name="Villa">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weil_(Lahn)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Weil ist wahrscheinlich vom lateinischen Wort ''villa'' (= Dorf) abgeleite (...)".</ref> | |''Weil'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aa Steinfurtensis]]<ref name="Aa Stein">Fingitur hoc nomen ex nomine fluminum Westphaliensium "Aa" apud {{Lexicon Universale}} et ex adiectivo derivato a toponymo "Steinfurtum" apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Steinfurter Aa'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Brienna (flumen)|Brienna]]<ref name="Brienna">Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf Katalog der romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Prien''' am Chiemsee (Lkr. Rosenheim), Flussname ca.1130-ca.1150 ''iuxta Briennam riuolum'' < kelt. *''Brigesnā'' ‘Bergbach’. (...)".</ref> | |''Prien'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Lacus Chiemensis]]<ref name="Chiemensis"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hassenbeck]]<ref name="Hassenbeck">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenne#Geschichte_und_Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name „Haustenbach“ findet sich bereits als ''Hassenbeck flu.'' auf einer um 1620 entstandenen Karte des Kartographen Johannes Gigas (...)".</ref> | | ''Glenne'' seu ''Haustenbach'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pregin]]<ref name="Pregin">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breg#Namensherkunft articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die Breg wurde erstmals 1152/86 in einer lateinischen Quelle (''apud pregin'' „bei der Breg“) erwähnt, 1234 dann als „Brega“ (...)".</ref> | Brega<ref name="Pregin"/> | ''Breg'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Brichena]]<ref name="Brigach">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigach#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss wird 1084 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''ab fontibus Brichena'') (...)".</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | Radantia<ref name="Radantia">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rednitz#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In schriftlichen Quellen erschien der Fluss erstmals im 8. Jahrhundert mit der lateinischen Bezeichnung ''Radantia''. Im 11. Jahrhundert wurde der Name des Flusses als ''Ratenza'' bezeichne (...)".</ref> seu Ratenza<ref name="Radantia"/> |''Rednitz'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sualmus]]<ref name="Sualmus">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240406062517/https://s852e6eb4f35541c9.jimcontent.com/ Nederlandse waternamen deel 1], ubi dicitur "(...) De Limburgse ''Zwalm'' is een zijrivier van de Mass, (...) welk dorp reeds in de 12de eeuw vermeld wordt als ''de Sualmo'' (...) a. 1238 als ''Salmen'' (...)".</ref> | Sualmum<ref name="Sualmus"/> seu Salmen<ref name="Sualmus"/> | ''Schwalm'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bigge]]<ref name="Bigge">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_XpMOAAAAYAAJ_2/bub_gb_XpMOAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt Quellen der westfälischen geschichte], ubi dicitur "(...) Ante portam in ipso flumine Bigge (...)".</ref> | | ''Bigge'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bröl]] | | ''Bröl'' seu ''Brölbach'' seu ''Homburgische Bröl'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Delme (flumen)|Delme]] | | ''Delme'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hurwinaffa]]<ref name="Horloff">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horloff#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Horloff leitet sich von althd. mit der Bedeutung horawin = sumpfig her. Weitere Namensformen sind „Hurwinaffa“ im 8. Jahrhundert und „Hurlyphe“ (1263).[4] Der Bestandteil -off gehört zur -apa-Namensgruppe. Alternative Etymologien gehen aufgrund der Nennungen wie „Hurnufa“ (951) oder „Hornipha“ (1183) (...)".</ref> | Hurlyphe,<ref name="Horloff"/> Hurnufa,<ref name="Horloff"/> Hornipha<ref name="Horloff"/> | ''Horloff'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kirnitzsch]] | | ''Kirnitzsch'' seu ''Kirnischt'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Malxe]] | | ''Malxe'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Nissa (flumen)|Nissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ach (Ambra)|Ach Ambrae]] | | ''Ach'' seu ''Bärenbach'' seu ''Gitzenbach'' seu ''Glötzenbach'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Alba (Rhenus Altus)|Alba Altorhenana]]<ref name="Alba Altorhenana">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Albā Rheni Superioris. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Alb, die''' – 1Alb, Obere~, r.z. Rhein (...) 983 ''ortus Albae,'' 1018 ''Alba'', 1065 ''influit Albam, ad ortum Albae, Alba'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Alb'' seu ''Hauensteiner Alb'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bega (Wachna)|Bega]] | | ''Bega'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fossa Nigra (Albis)|Fossa Nigra Albis]]<ref name="Fossa Nigra Albis">Substantivum "Fossa-ae" Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et adiectivum Latinum "niger nigra nigrum" Theodiscum ''Schwarzer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Schwarzer Graben'' seu ''Schwarzer Bach'' seu ''Weinske'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Holzbacum (Wida)|Holzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Holzbach'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Wida (flumen)|Wida Rheni]]<ref name="Wida"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lapara alba|Lapara Alba]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | | ''Weiße Laber'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Laz (flumen)|Laz]]<ref name="Laz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossa_(Unstrut)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Lossa'' wird 1140 als ''Laz'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Im Mittelhochdeutschen bedeutet ''laz'' 'lasch, trage'. Der Name ist daher als „das träge Gewässer“ zu deute (...)".</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lazses<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Lazs<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Laze<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lossa'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Mutdaha|Můtdaha]]<ref name="Mutdaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modau#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird die Modua 804 („iuxta fluvium Můtdaha“) (...)".</ref> | Modua<ref name="Mutdaha"/> | ''Modau'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotton]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Rotonus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rotonum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rotono<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rothemun<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu | ''Rottum'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Westernach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sura (Salzaha)|Sura Salzahae]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sur'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wiza]]<ref name="Wiza">Vide [https://www.persee.fr/doc/onoma_0755-7752_2010_num_52_1_1535 Les hydronymes paléoeuropéens et la question de l'origine des Celtes], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Wiesbach''-> Nahe (XII^e siècle ''Wiza'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiesbach'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aa (Monasterium)|Aa Monasteriensis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | | ''Münstersche Aa'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ilisina]]<ref name="Ilisina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_(Oker)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wird der Fluss im Jahr 1108 (Ilisina) urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Ilse'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lune (Visurgis)|Lune]] | | ''Lune'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Netha|Netha Indistrae]]<ref name="Netha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nette'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Primma]]<ref name="Primma">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Pfrimm, die l.z. Rhein (...) super fluvium Primma (...)".</ref> | | ''Pfrimm'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Starzel (Nicer)|Starzel Niceri]]<ref name="Starzel Niceri">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt], ubi dicitur "(...) ad sinistram ripam Starzel rivi (...)".</ref> | Starzell Niceri<ref name="Starzel Niceri"/> | ''Starzel'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zuist]]<ref name="Zuist">Vide [https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Swist Victionarium Theodiscum], ubi dicitur "(...) Zuist (Anno 1180), Scuyst (Anno 1223), Zuist (Anno 1283), Zvist (...)".</ref> | Scuyst<ref name="Zuist"/> seu Zvist<ref name="Zuist"/> | ''Swist'' seu ''Swistbach'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Augraben (Tollense)|Augraben Tollensense]]<ref name="Augraben Tollensense">Vide [https://documente.bcucluj.ro/web/bibdigit/fg/BCUCLUJ_FG_115352_1907_004.pdf Ente Istorice], ubi dicitur "(...) in rivulum, qui dicitur Augraben, et in rivulo (...)".</ref> | | ''Augraben'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Breitaha|Breitaha Cocherae]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Brettach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ennepe]]<ref name="Ennepe">Vide [https://www.gevelsberg.de/media/custom/3061_1280_1.PDF?1571846512 Gevelsberger Geschichte(n)], ubi dicitur "(...) iuxta flumen quod Ennepe dicitur (...)".</ref> | | ''Ennepe'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Volme]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fedarhaun (Alba)|Fedarhaun Albae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Federbach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Alba (Rhenus superior)|Alba Rheni Superioris]]<ref name="Alba"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Feldaha (Weraha)|Feldaha]]<ref name="Feldaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felda_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Erstbeleg im Jahr 786 wird der Fluss ''Feldaha'' genanntt (...)".</ref> | | ''Felda'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Geeste (flumen)|Geeste]]<ref name="Geeste">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) ultra flumen Geeste (...)".</ref> | | ''Geeste'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Klosterbacum (Othmunda)|Klosterbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Klosterbach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Linde (Tollense)|Linde]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Linne<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Linde'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutra (Danubius)|Lutra Danubii]]<ref name="Lutra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Große Lauter'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Naba Pinifera]]<ref name="Naba Pinifera">Fingitur hoc nomen e flumine Nabā (cui vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)") et versione adiectivo praeposito ''Fichtel-'' -ad [[Montes Piniferi|Montes Piniferos]] (Theodisce ''Fichtelgebirge''), secundum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichtelnaab#Name articulum hoc de flumini apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], referente-.</ref> | | ''Fichtelnaab'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Piparodi]]<ref name="Piparodi">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibert#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 810 („duo flumina … Piparodi“) erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Das altbairische ''Pipar-odi'' bedeutet „Einöde, in der sich Biber aufhalten“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Bibert'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sevina]]<ref name="Sevina">Vide [https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/36682 FOLIA ONOMASTICA CROATICA 12–13 (2003–2004)], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Seeve'' bei Hamburg, 1202 ''Sevinam'', 1203 ''vsque Seuinam'', 13. Jh. ''per Sevenam'' (...)".</ref> | Sevena<ref name="Sevina"/> |''Seeve'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Streu (Sala Moeni)|Streu]]<ref name="Streu">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streu_(Fr%C3%A4nkische_Saale)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Streu wurde im 8. Jahrhundert „Streuue“ und um das Jahr 1030 „Strouua“ geschrieben (...) Auf einer Landkarte von 1628 trägt der gesamte Flusslauf bis Gemünden den Namen „Straÿ Flu“ (Streu Flumen) (...)".</ref> | Strewe<ref name="Streu"/> seu Strowa<ref name="Streu"/> seu Straÿ<ref name="Streu"/> |''Streu'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Utrana (Michelsbacum)|Utrana]]<ref name="Utrana">Confer [https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=5f79ce677043d4b2&sca_upv=1&sxsrf=ADLYWILyBcSCkYpeCCX-0ZFbac7ATwZ9zQ:1726433592791&q=Otterbach+%22Utrana%22&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjD_Zqo6sWIAxXQ2gIHHXBaCYsQ5t4CegQIFRAB&biw=1280&bih=546&dpr=1.5 hunc exitum] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur "(...) Utrana 'Otterbach' (...)".</ref> | | ''Otterbach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chessel]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Kessel'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elbbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Elbbach'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mesna]]<ref name="Mesna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mei%C3%9Fe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Hydronym ist in einer lateinischen Urkunde von 1296 als mesnam erstmals verschriftlicht worden (...)".</ref> | | ''Meiße'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pene (flumen)|Pene]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Ostpeene'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pinnau]] | | ''Pinnau'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sulzach]]<ref name="Sulzach">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_wRssAAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_wRssAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt Archiv des Historischen Vereins von Unterfranken und Aschaffenburg], ubi dicitur "(...) quidquid ex una parte fluvii Sulzach situm existit de pratis (...)".</ref> | | ''Sulzach'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Zvatowa]]<ref name="Zuata">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwota_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wird das Gewässer als ''Zvatowa'' in der Weiheurkunde der Plauener St. Johanniskirche von 1122 erwähnt, darin ist sie Teil der Grenze des zugehörigen Kirchsprengels, des Dobnagaus, und damit gleichzeitig Südgrenze des Bistums Naumburg.[7][8] Ebenso wird die Zwota als ''Zuata'' in den Grenzbeschreibungen des Schönbacher Ländchens von 1181 und 1185 erwähn (...)".</ref> | Zuata<ref name="Zuata"/> | ''Zwota'' seu ''Zwodau'' seu ''Zwotau'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Agara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Apula (fluvius)|Apula]]<ref name="Apula">Vide [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/35900/35900-h/35900-h.htm], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Germany''. Apula, 9th cent. The Appel(bach). (...)".</ref> | | ''Appelbach'' seu ''Appel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aschaha]]<ref name="Aschaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascha_(Schwarzach)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Ascha (ursprünglich: Aschaha, dann: Aschach) (...)".</ref> | Aschach<ref name="Aschaha"/> | ''Ascha'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Atulla]]<ref name="Attel">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf Attel wurde bereits 806 als ''Atulla'' urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Attel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Biverna (Amisia)|Biverna Amisiae]]<ref name="Biverna">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Beverna Amisiae<ref name="Biverna"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Brichena]]<ref name="Brigach"/> | | ''Brigach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dune (Wippera)|Důne]]<ref name="Dune">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dh%C3%BCnn_(Wupper)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name (1295 ''Důne'') leitet sich vom ahd. Wort ''tuni'' für 'Dröhnen, Getöse' ab. Entsprechend war die ursprüngliche Bedeutung 'wo das Wasser tost' (...)".</ref> | | ''Dhünn'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ehle]] | | ''Ehle'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eitraha]]<ref name="Eitraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitrach_(Iller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt erstmals im Jahr 838 als ''Eitraha'' schriftlich in Erscheinung, (...)".</ref> | | ''Aitrach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Erphe]]<ref name="Erphe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erf_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der schriftliche Erstbeleg der Erf fand 1234 als Erphe statt (...)".</ref> | | ''Erfa'' seu ''Erf'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gelbach'' seu ''Gelber Bach'' seu ''Gehlbach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Golz]]<ref name="Golz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6ltzsch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name des Gewässers trat erstmals 1122 als „ad aquam Golz“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Göltzsch'' seu ''Göltsch'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hemisa]]<ref name="Hemisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emsbach_(Lahn,_Limburg)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ersten schriftlichen Erwähnungen nennen den Fluss ''Hemisa'' (Jahr 795) bzw. ''Emisa'' (805). (...)".</ref> | Emisa<ref name="Hemisa"/> | ''Emsbach'' seu ''Ems'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hessel]] | |''Hessel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mandavia]]<ref name="Mandavia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandau#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Damals gab es auch einen Zittauer Stadtteil Mandow und eine porta Mandauie = Mandau-Pforte (...)".</ref> | |''Mandau'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Nissa Lusatianus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Motel (Schilde)|Motel]] | |''Motel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Schilde (Scalen)|Schilde]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Neffelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Neffelbach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Scalen]]<ref name="Scalen">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaale#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Schaale wird in einer Urkunde von 1279 als ''Scalen'' erwähnt. (...)".</ref> | |''Schaale'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schilde (Scalen)|Schilde]] | |''Schilde'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Scalen]]<ref name="Scalen"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Stederau]] | | ''Stederau'' seu ''Bokeler Bach'' seu ''Röhrser Bach'' seu ''Aue'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina Dimelensis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Twista Dimelensis">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Arlau (...) prope Twistam (...) Tuistai, (963–1037, Kopie 15. Jh.) (...) Tuistina (...) in Tuista, 1127 in Tviste, 1235 (Kopie) de Twiste, 1240 HG.A.14, S. 419. (Kopie 14./15. Jh.) de Tuiste, 1251 in Thuiste, de Thuiste, 1257 de Twiste (und weitere Belege), 1310 in Twer- ¢ quer-. Duiste, (um 1350) prope tuisten (...)".</ref> | Twista Dimelensis seu Tuistai Dimelenses seu Tuista Dimelensis seu Twiste Dimelense seu Tuiste Dimelense seu Thuiste Dimelense seu Tuisten Dimelense |''Twiste'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Tussale]]<ref name="Tussale">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCssel#Etymologie articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Um 1065 wird der Bach als ''Tussale'' (die Brausende, Rauschende, Tosende) bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | |''Düssel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wipfra (flumen)|Wipfra]] | |''Wipfra'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wirma|Wirma Ambrae]]<ref name="Wirma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrm_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Streu wurde im 8. Jahrhundert „Streuue“ und um das Jahr 1030 „Strouua“ geschrieben (...) Der Flussname Würm ist erstmals bezeugt als Uuirma im Jahre 772 und später als Wirmiseo ‚Würmsee‘ (910), Vuirama (956/957), Wirmina (1056), (...)".</ref> | Wirama<ref name="Wirma"/> seu Wirmina<ref name="Wirma"/> |''Würm'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Zorga<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Zorge<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Zorge'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 39 et 35 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 39 et 35 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Aitra (Danubius)|Aitra Danubii]]<ref name="Aitra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Aiterach'' seu ''Aitrach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Andrefa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Antrafa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Antrefa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Antreffa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Antrift'' seu ''Antreff'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Eckbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Eckbach'' seu ''Leinbach'' seu ''Neugraben'' seu ''Leininger Graben'' seu ''Eck'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elantia]]<ref name="Elantia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elz_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die römische Auxiliareinheit „Numerus Brittonum Elantiensium“ beinhaltet die erste belegte Nennung des Namens Elz (...)".</ref> | | ''Elz'' seu ''Elzbach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Glan)|Lutra Glanensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ludra,<ref name=Gr/> Luterata,<ref name=Gr/> Hlutraha,<ref name=Gr/> Hlutra<ref name=Gr/> |''Lauter'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mittelradde]] | | ''Mittelradde'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nuthe (Albis)|Nuthe Albis]] | |''Nuthe'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Owe Bocense]]<ref name="Owe Bocense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" et adiectivo "Bocensis-e". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". De adiectivo "Bocensis-e", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Audan Bocense<ref name="Owe Bocense"/> |''Bückeburger Aue'' seu ''Aue'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rotbacum (Arnefa)|Rotbacum Arnefae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Rotbach'' seu ''Nöthener Siefen'' seu ''Schliebach'' seu ''Mühlenbach'' seu ''Bruchbach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Szwartowe]]<ref name="Szwartowe">Vide [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_2TwOAAAAQAAJ Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis], ubi dicitur "(...) quoque in szwartowe a nobis (...)".</ref><ref name="Szw">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartauhoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung findet sich in einer Urkunde des dänischen Königs Waldemar aus dem Jahr 1215 (''szwartowe'') (...)".</ref> | |''Schwartau'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Zwönitz (flumen)|Zwönitz]] | |''Zwönitz'' seu ''Zwönitzbach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Caminizi rivus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aach Stockense]]<ref name="ASto">Gentilicium "Stockense" ad [[Stockach|Stockam]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Stockacher Aach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Angel (flumen)|Angel]] | | ''Angel'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Werse]]<ref name="Werse"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bobritzsch (flumen)|Bobritzsch]] | | ''Bobritzsch'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Chira (fluvius)|Chira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> | Kira<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |''Hahnenbach'' seu ''Meinbach'' seu ''Altbach'' seu ''Idarbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ephisa]]<ref name="Codex diplomaticus Fuldensis">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.). (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Fuldensis''. Theodor Fischer. </ref> | [[Effese]]<ref name="Effese">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Mittelalter wurde die Efze als Effese bezeichne (...)".</ref><ref name="Effese2">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) 240 Effese, 1250 ad fluvium … Effese (...)".</ref> |''Efze'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Eschach (Nicer)|Eschach Niceri]] | |''Eschach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Glatta (Rhenus)|Glatta Rheni]]<ref name="Glatta">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Glatt'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Großer Dieckfluss]] | |''Großer Dieckfluss'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Isina]]<ref name="Isina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisbach_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals schriftlich erwähnt wurde die Eis in einer Urkunde des Lorscher Codex aus dem Jahre 766, wo sie ''Isina'' heißt (...)".</ref> | |''Eisbach'' seu ''Eis'' seu ''Altbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Klingbacum (Michelsbacum)|Klingbacum]] | |'' Klingbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lachte]] | |''Lachte'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Leimbacum (Rhenus, Bruowele)|Leimbacum Rheni Bruowelense]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Bruowelense">Gentilicium "Bruowelense" ad oppidum [[Brühl (Badenia)|Bruowele]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Leimbach'' seu ''Bettelbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Orcana]]<ref name="Orcana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orke#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1486 als die Orcken erstmals schriftlich erwähnt. Die gleichnamigen Orte Nieder- bzw. Oberorke erscheinen in den schriftlichen Aufzeichnungen schon im Jahr 1016 als Orcana. Die Deutung des Namens ist unsicher (...)".</ref> | | ''Orke'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Regana Alba]]<ref name="Regana Alba">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regen_(river)#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur " The Romans called the river variously ''Regana'' (feminine gender), ''Reganus'' (masculine), and ''Reganum'' (neuter)". Adiectivum Latinum "albus-a-um" Theodiscum ''Weißer'' vertit.</ref> | Reganus Albus<ref name="Regana Alba"/> seu Reganum Album<ref name="Regana Alba"/> | ''Weißer Regen'' seu ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Regana]]<ref name="Regana"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Russella|Russella Saravi]]<ref name=Gr/> | Musella Saravi<ref name=Gr/> seu Roussella<ref name="Rousella">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossel_(Saar)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ältere Namen des Flusses sind Roussella (1268), Russella, Rusella (1544) (...)".</ref> seu Rusella |''Rossel'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sosa (flumen)|Sosa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Söse'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vechne]] | |''Vehne'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Owe (Lacus Zwischenahnensis)|Owe Zwischenahnense]]<ref name="Owe de Bad Zwischenahn">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivum "Zwischenahnense" homonymum ad lacum [[Bad Zwischenahn|commune Bad Zwischenahn]] attingentem refert.</ref> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ad Lunam]]<ref name="Ad Lunam">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lone#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In der Römerzeit wurde ein Kastell nach dem Fluss benannt („Ad Lunam“) (...)".</ref> | |''Lone'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Hurwin]]<ref name="Hürbe">Vide [https://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/bitstream/11682/5853/1/Uni_63.pdf Ortsnamenforschung in Südwestdeutschland], ubi dicitur "(...) Hürbe, z. Brenz z. Donau, 1171 ''de Hurwin'' (...)".</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]<ref name="Agira">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eger_(W%C3%B6rnitz)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung findet die Eger im Jahr 760 als ''Agira'' (...)".</ref> | |''Eger'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Arlau (...) 218 silva que iuncta est Arle (...)".</ref> | |''Arlau'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Berste]] | |''Berste'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bibara (Danubius)|Bibara]]<ref name="Bibara Danubii">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://search.ortsnamen.ch/de/record/5029908 ortsnamen.ch], ubi dicitur "(...) et inde sinistrorsum per plateam usque Rammesheim in fluvium Bibara (...)".</ref> | Bibera<ref name="Bibera Danubii">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymis e fluviis. De quorum ultimorum nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Biber&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''] (...)".</ref> seu Biberaha<ref name="Bibera Danubii"/> |''Biber'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Caminizi rivus]]<ref name=Gr/> | |'' Chemnitz'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Glotyr]]<ref name="Glotyr">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) n valle Glotern, 1297 vallem Glotyri, (...)".</ref> | Glotyrus<ref name="Glotyr"/> seu Glotyrum<ref name="Glotyr"/> seu Glotern<ref name="Glotyr"/> | ''Glotter'' seu ''Glotterbach'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lethe (Hunta)|Lethe]] | | ''Lethe'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Hunta]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nuhne]] | |''Nuhne'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Raodhaha|Raodhaha Cocherae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch">Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], auctore Alberto Greule.</ref> | Rotaha Cocherae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rota<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Fichtenberger Rot'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seemenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Seemenbach'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Nidder]]<ref name="Nidder"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Selbitz]] | |''Selbitz'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tribisa]]<ref name=Gr/> | |''Triebisch'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ach Cassiliacense]]<ref name="Cassiliacum">Gentilicium "Cassiliacensis-e" ad urbem Cassiliacum refertur. Huic Latino toponymo, vide [articulum huius urbis apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste Besiedlung bereits in der Steinzeit ist durch Funde an der Iller bei Ferthofen belegt.^[7] Erste Baufunde stammen aus der Römerzeit. Vermutlich befand sich dort ein kleiner Wacht- und Siedlungsposten. Hierfür kommen zwei Namen, ''Cassiliacum''^[8] oder ''Viaca'' (...)".</ref> | |''Memminger Ach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Angere (Rhenus)|Angere Rheni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Angeren Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Angera Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Anger Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Angero Rheni<ref name="Angero">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anger_(Rhein)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die früheste bekannte urkundliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen ''Angero'' stammt aus dem Jahr 875 (...)".</ref> |''Angerbach'' seu ''Anger'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Drahonum]]<ref name="Drahonum">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhron#Namehoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ersten schriftlichen Nennungen sind: Drahonum (Ende 4. Jh.) Drona (752) Troganus (802) Drogana (949) (...)".</ref> | Drona<ref name="Drahonum"/> seu Troganus<ref name="Drahonum"/> seu Drogana<ref name="Drahonum"/> seu Trogona<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae.</ref> |''Dhron'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Isana (Rhenus)|Isana Rhenana]]<ref name=Gr/> | |''Isenach'' seu ''Morschbach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Luder (flumen)|Luder]]<ref name="Luder">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCder_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 820 (''flumen … luder'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Lüder'' seu ''Lüderbach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Meisaha]]<ref name="Meisaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maisach_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Maisach, 853 erstmals erwähnt als ''Meisaha'', setzt sich zusammen aus althochdeutsch aha ‚Wasser, Wasserlauf, Fluss (...)".</ref> | |''Maisach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Milize]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Militz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Milizza<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Milze<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Milizi<ref name="Milizi">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | ''Milz'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Alara)|Nigra Aqua Alarae]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Alarae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui substantivo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)".</ref> | |''Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivulus Molendinarius Fredersdorfensis]]<ref name="Mühlenfließ">Theodisca vox ''Mühlenfließ'' in Latinam "Rivulus Molendinarius" verti solet. V.gr. vide: Hoffmann, C. G., auctore (1734). ''Scriptores Rerum Lusaticarum''. Lipsiae & Budissae: David Richter.</ref> | | ''Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ'' seu ''Senitz'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rubrum Bistrice]]<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice">Fingitur hoc hydronymum ex adiectivo "rubrum" (Theodisce ''Rote'') et nomine Latino "Bistrice". De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur "Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)".</ref> | Rubrum Buistrizi<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> seu Rubrum Wisteritz<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> seu Rubrum Wistricz<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> |''Rote Weißeritz'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Bistrice]]<ref name="Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Steina (Vutahe)|Steina Vutahis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Steina'' seu ''Steinach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vilisa (Licus)|Vilisa Lici]]<ref name="Vilisa Lici">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Vilisā Danubii. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Vilsa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Vilusa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Filisa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Filusa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Filsa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Philisa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Vilosa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Vilusa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> |''Vils'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wehre (Weraha)|Wehre Werahae]] | |''Wehre'' seu ''Wohra'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bardia (flumen)|Bardia]]<ref name="Bardia">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=21&cq=d&lang=en bavarikon.de], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Bardia fluvius:''' Barthe, Fl. in Deutschland, Mü: Barther Bodden (...)".</ref> | |''Barthe'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Bodden Bardense]] | [[Bardia (flumen)|Bardia]] |- | [[Else]] | | ''Else'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Glane (Amisia)|Glane]] | | ''Glane'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Buckau]] | | ''Buckau'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hasela]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Haselach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Haslach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Haßlach'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Radaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutaraha]]<ref name="Lutaraha">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/5481494/sankt-oswald-baunach-pfarrei-st-oswald-baunach ''Sankt Oswald Baunach''], ubi dicitur "(...) Eine erste geschichtliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen „Lutaraha“ fand man aus dem Jahr 853 (...)".</ref> | |''Lauterach'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nibalgaunensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Nibalgavia<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Nibalcoge<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Nibulgauva<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Nibilgouwe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Eschach'' seu ''Niebel'' seu ''Nibel'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Aitra (Danubius)|Aitra Danubii]]<ref name="Aitra"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Orlah]]<ref name="Orlah">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orla#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1192 als Orlah erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Orla'' seu ''Orlah'' seu ''Orlau'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Scutara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Scutura<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Schutter'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sevena (Odera)|Sevena Oderae]]<ref name="Sevena">Vide [https://www.persee.fr/doc/onoma_0755-7752_2010_num_52_1_1535 Les hydronymes paléoeuropéens et la question de l'origine des Celtes], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Sieber,'' lieu et fleuve de la Harz, 1287 ''inter ... Oderam et Sevenam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Sieber'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Thuite]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Dhute<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Düte'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wipperau]] | | ''Wipperau'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 34 et 30 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 34 et 30 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Acarse]]<ref name="Acarse">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240919231438/http://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/index.php?f=lemmaFull&langType=reviews&lemmaID=3286 Köbler, Gerhard,as in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte, 2016], ubi dicitur "(...) Axtbach (M.) bzw. Beilerbach-Ems, 11. Jh., bei Beelen bei Warendorf, F1-60 AK (?) Acarse, Acarse Erh. Nr. 917 (um 1030) (...)".</ref> | | ''Axtbach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aphilste]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Apphilste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Apphelste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Apphilstede<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Aphelste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Appelste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Apfelstädt'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Auma]] | | ''Auma'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Wyda (flumen)|Wyda]]<ref name="Wyda"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Erlenbacum (Michelsbacum)|Erlenbacum Michelsbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eymese]]<ref name="Eymese">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ems_(Eder)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1401 zum ersten Mal schriftlich erwähnt (''Eymese'') (...)".</ref> | |''Ems'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Glatta (Nicer)|Glatta Niceri]]<ref name="Glatta">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Glatt'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gotlavia]]<ref name="Gotlavia">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Gottleuba-Berggie%C3%9Fh%C3%BCbel#Gottleuba homonymo de oppido apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Gottleuba was first mentioned in 1363 as ''Gotlavia'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Gottleuba'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hotepe]]<ref name="Hotepe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoppecke#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Am Erstbeleg des Ortes Hoppecke von 1113 als ''Hotepe'' wird ersichtlich (...)".</ref> | | ''Hoppecke'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Moraha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Můraha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Murach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Radegast (Stepenitz)|Radegast]]<ref name="Radegast">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg], ubi dicitur "(...) Radegast, Nebenfluß der Stepenitz, 1188, 1202 Radagost, 1255 aqua Radegast, 1258 fluuius Radegost, 1262 Rodogost, 1310 aqua Radagast, (...)".</ref> | Radagost seu Radegost seu Rodogost seu Radagast | ''Radegast'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Stepenitz (Trabena)|Stepenitz Trabenae]] | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Roda (Albis)|Roda]] | | ''Roda'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schleuse]] | | ''Schleuse'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Schlichem]] | | ''Schlichem'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Usa (Weteraha)|Usa]] | |''Usa'' seu ''Us'' seu ''Usbach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Weteraha]]<ref name="Weteraha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wara (Amana)|Wara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Waraha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wohra'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Albis (Adrana)|Albis Adranae]]<ref name="Albis Adranae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Elbe'' dicto. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Elbe'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alina]]<ref name="Alina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellebach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Ersterwähnung des Ortes Ellen als ''Alina'' lässt den ursprünglichen Namen erahnen (...)".</ref> | | ''Ellebach'' seu ''Ellbach'' seu ''Elle'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Antiquus Viadrus]]<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo "Viadrus" et variationibus et adiectivo "antiquus-a-um". De hydronymo "Viadrus" vide {{Graesse}} aut [https://eshp.ijp.pan.pl/search/results/226313 Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski] (Polonice), ubi dicitur "Oddere, Odere, Oddera, Oddore 992 RudnickiNO 21-3". Adiectivo "antiquus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Alte" vertitur.</ref> | Antiquus Viadus<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odora<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquus Oder<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odagra<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odara<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odra<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odrita<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Adora<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquus Suevus Flavius<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Oddera<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquum Oddere<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquum Oddore<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquum Oddere<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> | ''Alte Oder'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Armissia]]<ref name="Armissia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erms hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die '''Erms''' (lat. ''Armissia'') (...) Der Name der Erms geht zurück auf das römische ''Armis(s)a'' (...)".</ref> | Armisa seu Armissa | ''Erms'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Guldenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Guldenbach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hache (flumen)|Hache]] | | ''Hache'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum">Vide [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110338591.383/html?lang=en De Gruyter], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Ochtum, die''' (...) 1158 ''inter Othmundam'' (lies ''Ohtmundam'') ''et Wisaram'', 1171 ''usque in Ohtmundam'' (...)".</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Heinbach]]<ref name="Heincbach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainbach_(Woogbach)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''super fluvio Heinbach'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Hainbach'' seu ''Heimbach'' seu ''Wooggraben'' seu ''Krebsbächel'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Woogbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hostrahun (Danubius)|Hostrahun Danubii]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ostraha<ref name="Ostraha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | ''Ostrach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Huhnerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hühnerbach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Gennach (flumen)|Gennach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hune]]<ref name="Hune">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6nne#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Um 1230 wird der Fluss als ''Hune'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hönne'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ilmede]]<ref name="Ilmede">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilme#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Ilme'' wird im Jahr 1322 (''Ilmede'') erstmals schriftlich genann (...)".</ref> | | ''Ilme'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Liuzenaha]]<ref name="Liuzenaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitzach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''usque in Liuzenaha'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Leitzach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lukavica]]<ref name="Lukavica">Vide [https://pdfcoffee.com/ivo-vukcevic-rex-german-or-um-populos-sclavorum-pdf-free.html Ivo Vukcevic Rex Germanorum populos Sclavorum], ubi dicitur "(...) Lukavica— Longawitzi, 1074 (Loquitz) (...)".</ref> | Longawitzi | ''Loquitz'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lure (flumen)|Lure]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Lauer'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nigrum Packaw]]<ref name="Nigrum Packaw">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Pockau#Geschichte]], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erstmalige Erwähnung des Ortes erfolgte im Jahre 1365 als „Packaw“ (...)". Adiectivo "nigrum" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Schwarze'' vertitur.</ref> | | ''Schwarze Pockau'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nordradde]] | | ''Nordradde'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Oorana]]<ref name="Oorana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrn#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 795 als „Oorana fluvius“ erstmals urkundlich erwähn (...)".</ref> | | ''Ohrn'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Radentia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | |''Schwäbische Rezat'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tanger (flumen)|Tanger]]<ref name="Tanger">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/thietmarimersebu00thieuoft/thietmarimersebu00thieuoft_djvu.txt Thietmari Merseburgensis episcopi Chronicon, post editionem Ioh. M. Lappenbergii recognovit Fridericus Kurze"], ubi dicitur "(...) Tanger rivus, qui prope (...)".</ref> | | ''Tanger'' seu ''Vereinigten Tanger'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Trebe (Alestra)|Trebe]]<ref name="Trebe">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Trieb (Pöhl)#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Waldhufendorf Trieb wurde im Jahr 1441 erstmals urkundlich als „Trebe“ erwähnt. (...)".</ref> | | ''Trieb'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Warme]] | |''Warme'' seu ''Warmebach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wietze (Alara)|Wietze Alarae]] | |''Wietze'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wila (Agger)|Wila]]<ref name="Wila">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Wiehl#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) 1131 wurde Wiehl unter dem Namen Wila erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiehl'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wissaha (Bregenze)|Wissaha Bregenzensis]]<ref name="Wissaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Wissha Bregenzensis<ref name="Wissaha"/> |''Weißach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Bregenze]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Abilach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ablach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Ablach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Boninaha]]<ref name="Boninaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bina#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Bina wurde im Jahr 790 erstmals als ''Boninaha'' schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Bina'' seu ''Binastorfer Mühlbach'' seu ''Gassauer Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Calde (flumen)|Calde]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Kahl'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Cruofdero]]<ref name="Cruofdero">Vide [file:///C:/Users/34622/Downloads/Heidenkeller%20korrigiert.pdf Kultspuren aus der Zeit der Völkerwanderung im südlichen Taunus?], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Der Bach Kriftel ist auf keiner heutigen Karte mehr zu finden, statt dessen läufter unter den Namen Dattenbach, Goldbach, Schwarzbach von den Taunushöhen'' (...) ''Frühe Namensbelege sind: Cruofdero (1043), Kruftelam und Cruftele (um 1250/60), Krüftel (1355); als zugehörige Ortsnamen sind belegt'' Cruftera (780-802), Crufdera, Cruftere, Cruftero (um 800), Cruftero (890), Acruftele (Okriftel 1103), Cruftelo (1226) (...)".</ref> | Kruftela<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftera<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Crufdera<ref name="Cruofdero"/><ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftere<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftero<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftero<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Acruftele<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftelo<ref name="Cruofdero"/> |''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Dattenbach'' seu ''Goldbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dorsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Dörsbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dürnach]] | |''Dürnach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Westernach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elison]]<ref name="Elison">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seseke hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der römische Geschichtsschreiber Cassius Dio nennt im Zusammenhang mit den Drusus-Feldzügen (12 bis 8 v. Chr.) einen Fluss namens „Elison“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Seseke'' seu ''Sisecke'' seu ''Sesike'' seu ''Zesik'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iazaha (Sinna)|Iazaha]]<ref name="Iazaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jossa_(Sinn)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde ursprünglich Jazaha^[6]und später Jos^[7] genannt (...)".</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ios<ref name="Iazaha"/> | ''Jossa'' seu ''Joßa'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lerna (flumen)|Lerna]]<ref name="Lerna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''In Lernam'' (786, Fälschung 12. Jh.) ''lerhna'' (um 1320) (...)".</ref> | Lerhna | ''Lehrde'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Luitra]]<ref name="Luitra">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauter_(Rhein,_Gernsheim)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Für die Lauter wurden auch die Namen Ziegelbach und Luitra verwendet (...)".</ref> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Winkelbach'' seu ''Ziegelbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Melia (flumen)|Melia]]<ref name="Melia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6hlin_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''iuxta fluvium Melia'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Möhlin'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Murge]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Radolfzeller Aach'' seu ''Hegauer Aach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Falconis petra)|Rivulus Niger Falconis Petrae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/><ref name="Falkensteinerbach"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Schwartzbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Falconis petra (Cinzele)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Falkensteinerbach">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sala (Layna)|Sala Laynae]]<ref name="Sala Laynae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Saale'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Südradde]] | | ''Südradde'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aha Goetzingensis]]<ref name="Aha Goetzingensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicio "Goetzingensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Götzinger" vertitur.</ref> | |''Götzinger Achen'' seu ''Götzinger Ache'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Brachtaha]]<ref name="Brachtaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bracht'' seu ''Hundsbach'' seu ''Horstbach'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hilda (flumen)|Hilda]]<ref name="Hilda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryck#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) „Hildam fluvium“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Ryck'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Sinus Gryphiswaldensis]]<ref name="Sinus Gryphiswaldensis">Confer [[Gryphiswalda|urbem]] apud hanc sinum.</ref> | [[Hilda (flumen)|Hilda]]<ref name="Hilda"/> |- | [[Scuntra (Sala Moeni)|Scuntra Salae Moeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Schondra'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sebnitz (flumen)|Sebnitz]] | |''Sebnitz'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Lachsbacum (Albis)|Lachsbacum Albis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sulz (Alcmana)|Sulz Alcmanae]] | | ''Sulz'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Veerse]] | | ''Veerse'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wenne]] | |''Wenne'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wolf (flumen)|Wolf]] | | ''Wolf'' seu ''Wolfach'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alapa]]<ref name="Alapa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe_(Aller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der erste Namensbeleg lautete 788 ''Alapam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Alpe'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Altefeld (flumen)|Altefeld]] | | ''Altefeld'' seu ''Schwarzer Fluss'' seu ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Altfell'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Slyrepha (flumen)|Slyrepha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Andolfspach]]<ref name="Andolfspach">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftfurdi2185unse/zeitschriftfurdi2185unse_djvu.txt Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins], ubi dicitur "(...) et pratum ad duas carratas feni in Andolfspach (...)".</ref> | | ''Andelsbach'' seu ''Andel'' seu ''Andelnbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Abilach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Aufseß (flumen)|Aufseß]] | |''Aufseß'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Wiesent]]<ref name="Wiesent"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biverna (Osta)|Biverna Ostae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Beverna Ostae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Branda (flumen)|Branda]]<ref name="Branda">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendlorenzen#Name articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam].</ref> | Brande<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brente<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brante<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brenden<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brenten<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brent<ref name="Branda"/> | ''Brend'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Datze]] | | ''Datze'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dumme Wustrowense]]<ref name="Wustrowense">Gentilicium "Wustrowense" ad [[Wustrow]] refert.</ref> | | ''Wustrower Dumme'' seu ''Dumme'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eberbach (Atulla)|Eberbach Atullae]]<ref name="Ebrach">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo "Eberbach". De hydronymo "Eberbach" vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)".</ref> | | ''Ebrach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Atulla]]<ref name="Attel"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Eberbach Medium]]<ref name="Eberbach Medium">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo "Eberbach" et adiectivo "medius-a-um". De hydronymo "Eberbach" vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)". Adiectivo "medius-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Mittlere" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Mittlere Ebrach'' seu ''Mittelebrach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Eberbach]]<ref name="Eberbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ech]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | E<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Ehe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Aich'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erlenbacum (Nida)|Erlenbacum Nidae]]<ref name="Erlenbach"/> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Feltchrucha]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Felda'' seu ''Katharinenbach'' seu ''Sengersbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluxus Tygelensis]]<ref name="Fluxus Tygelensis">Theodisca vox ''Fließ'' in Latinam linguam "fluxus-us" vertitur. De gentilicio "Tygelensis-e" vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin-Tegel#Geschichte hunc articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Tegel wird 1322 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt als Kirchdorf ''Tygel''(...)".</ref> | |''Tegeler Fließ'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Gerdauge]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Gherdou<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Gerdowe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Gherdowe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Gerdow<ref name="Gerdow">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerdau_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Gerdau (1352 ''Gerdow'') (...)".</ref> |''Gerdau'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Gramma (flumen)|Gramma]]<ref name="Gramma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramme hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 1265 wird das Gewässer als Gramma erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Gramme'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Grindaha]]<ref name="Grindaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCndau_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1173 als ''Grindaha'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Gründau'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Helre]]<ref name="Helre">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heller_(Sieg) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bereits am 24. Juni 1350 wurde die Heller in einer Urkunde als „Helre“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Heller'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ileda]]<ref name="Ileda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihle hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1114 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''Ileda'') (...)" </ref> | |''Ihle'' | align="right" | 30 | Fossa inter [[Habala]]m<ref name=Gr/> et [[Albis|Albem]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kander (Rhenus)|Kander Rheni]] | | ''Kander'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ketzerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Ketzerbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lumme]]<ref name="Lumme">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumda_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Lumda'' wird 1339 als ''Lumme'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)" </ref> | |''Lumda'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Modenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Modenbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salz]]<ref name="Salz">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) in loco, qui dicitur Salz (...)".</ref> | |''Salz'' seu ''Salzbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schiltahe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Schiltha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Schiltache<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Schiltach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Schiltach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sprotte]] | |''Sprotte'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Plissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sura (Net Almanae)|Sura Netensis]]<ref name="Sura (Net Almanae)">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Sauer'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]<ref name="Altenau (Alme)">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) sursum usque Net (...)".</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vidaue]]<ref name="Vidaue">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) iuxta Vidaue (...) ponte iuxta Withaue (...)".</ref> | Withaue<ref name="Vidaue"/> |''Weihung'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wahnbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wahnbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wisper]] | | ''Wisper'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Worpena]]<ref name="Worpena">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240924125310/http://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/?f=gold&page=3515 koeblergerhard.de], ubi dicitur "(...) Gewässernamen Wörpe (Worpena 1324) (...)".</ref> | | ''Wörpe'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 29 et 25 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 29 et 25 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Clana (Manachfialta)|Clana]]<ref name="Clana Manachfialtae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glonn_(Mangfall)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name taucht 774 erstmals urkundlich auf (''Clana''). Er leitet sich vom keltischen Adjektiv *glano- für „rein, klar, glänzend“ ab (...)".</ref> | | ''Glonn'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Guta (Chinzechun)|Gůta]]<ref name="Guta">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/krieger1904bd1/0422/image,info Topographisches Wörterbuch des Großherzogtums Baden], ubi dicitur "(...) ecclesia Gůta in decanatu Rotwil (...)".</ref> | | ''Gutach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hostrahun (Hilaria)|Hostrahun Hilariae]]<ref name="Hostrahun">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | |''Ostrach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ilaha]]<ref name="Ilaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1060 (''Ilaha'') erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Illach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lotzmane]]<ref name="Lotzmane">Vide [https://www.rechtskarten.de/karten/kaufunger-wald/ Der Königsforst Kaufunger Wald], ubi dicitur "(...) ''silva que adiacet civitati inter Gelstram et Lotzmane amnes posita'', d.h. bis zur Gelster im Südosten und zur Losse im Südwesten (...)".</ref> | |''Losse'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mare Steinhudense]]<ref name="Mare Steinhudense">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Meerbach&f=false Etymologie der Gewässernamen], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Meerbach'' (...) riuum quendam effluentem de Stagno quod vocatur mare, 1250 mari (...)". Adiectivum "Steinhudense" refert vicinum ad oppidum Steinhude.</ref> | Mari Steinhudense<ref name="Mare Steinhudense"/> | ''Steinhuder Meerbach'' seu ''Aue'' seu ''Bäke'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Marka (flumen)|Marka]] | | ''Marka'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Amisia Sygeltrensis]]<ref name="Sagter Ems">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo "Amisia" et adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es". De hydronymis "Amisia" vide {{Graesse}}. De adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es", vide [articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae "Saterland"], ubi dicitur "(...) Von der Grafschaft Sögel (''Comitia Sygeltra'') hat das Saterland („Sagelter Land“) auch seinen Namen (...)"</ref> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]<ref name="Altenau (Alme)"/> | | ''Altenau'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Almana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Panca]]<ref name="Riedel 1843">Riedel, Adolpho Friderico, auctore (1843). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Sammlung der Urkunden, Chroniken und sonstigen Quellenschriften''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.</ref> | [[Pankowe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Panke'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rehbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rehbach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Röhr]] | | ''Röhr'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schlucht]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Schlüht<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Schlücht'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schwülme]] | | ''Schwülme'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Secheimer (Iages)|Secheimer Iagis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Seccaher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> Iagis seu Seggaha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> Iagis seu Sekaha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> Iagis |''Seckach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sormitz]] | | ''Sormitz'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Lukavica]]<ref name="Lukavica"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wetschaft]] | | ''Wetschaft'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wirsenicz (Caminizi rivus)|Wirsenicz Caminizi rivi]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wersnicz Caminizi rivi<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Würschnitz'' seu ''Beuthenbach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Caminizi rivus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wuta|Wůta]]<ref name="Wůta">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilde_Gutach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird bei seiner Ersterwähnung im Jahr 1111 als Wůta bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | |''Wilde Gutach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zwinga (Albis)|Zwinga Albis]]<ref name="Zwinga Albis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinge_(Peene)#Geschichten articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In einer Urkunde des Herzogs Kasimir II. von 1219 wurde der Bach als „aqua molendini“ (Mühlengewässer) erwähnt.^[4] Die Erwähnung als „''Zwinga''“ erfolgte 1248 in einer Urkunde des Herzogs Wartislaw III. von Pommern-Demmin (...).</ref> | Aqua Molendini Albis<ref name="Zwinga Albis"/> |''Schwinge'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amisia Sygeltrensis]]<ref name="Sagter Ems">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo "Amisia" et adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es". De hydronymis "Amisia" vide {{Graesse}}. De adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es", vide [articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae "Saterland"], ubi dicitur "(...) Von der Grafschaft Sögel (''Comitia Sygeltra'') hat das Saterland („Sagelter Land“) auch seinen Namen (...)"</ref> | | ''Sagter Ems'' seu ''Sater Ems'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Lade]]<ref name="Lade"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bist]] | | ''Bist'' seu ''Biest'' seu ''Bießt'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Breitaha|Breitaha Iagis]]<ref name="Breitaha Iagis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Brettach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dumme Salzwitense]]<ref name="Salzwitense">Gemtilicium "Salzwitense" ad Salzwitam refert. Hoc de oppido, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Salzwedeler Dumme'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Elera (Net)|Elera Netensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Elra Netensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Ellerbach'' seu ''Eller'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]<ref name="Altenau (Alme)"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Esse (Dimel)|Esse Dimelis]] | |''Esse'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Garda (Nicer)|Garda]]<ref name="Garda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lein_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Früher hieß der Bach Gartach (988 ''fluvium Garda''), eine Bezeichnung, die sich außer im Namen einiger Orte am Lauf auch in dem des mittelalterlichen Gartachgaus wiederfindet (...)".</ref> | |''Lein'' seu ''Leinbach'' seu ''Schreckebach'' seu ''Seebach'' seu ''Gartach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hale (Ruma)|Hale]]<ref name="Hale">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hahle_(Rhume)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''aquam ... hale'' (...)".</ref> | |''Hahle'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Iutraha (Nicer)|Iutraha Niceri]]<ref name="Iutraha Niceri">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Neckar)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Itter'' wird im Jahr 628 (''Iutraha'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Der Name enthielt ursprünglich die Endung -aha, was für „Fließgewässer“ steht. (...)".</ref><ref name=Gr/><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Yutra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Iutra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Iudra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Euteraha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Eutere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Itter'' seu ''Euterbach'' seu ''Itterbach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Slyphera)|Lutra Slypherae]]<ref name="Lutra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Lauter'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Slyrepha (flumen)|Slyrepha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mercene]]<ref name="Mercene">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merzbach#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bei Röhe wurde eine römische Siedlung ausgegraben, die vermutlich ''*Marcianum'' hieß (‚Landgut des Marcius‘) und namensgebend für den Fluss und die Flur war. Der Name ist erstmals 1149 als ''Mercene'' verschriftlicht (...)".</ref> | Marcianum<ref name="Mercene"/> |''Merzbach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mitrana]]<ref name="Mitrana">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241007103209/https://www.bietigheim-bissingen.de/fileadmin/user_upload_stadtverwaltung/newsletter/2022/06_Juni_2022/2022_06_30/Anlage_zur_PM__QR-Naturerlebnispfad_Mettertal.pdf QR-Natur- & Kultur-Erlebnisrundgang Mettertal], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Metter ist seit der Römerzeit belegt. Die Römer nannten das Flüsschen „Matisa“ und „Fluvius Mitrana“ (...)".</ref> | Matisa | ''Metter'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Netha|Netha Nersae]]<ref name="Netha Nersae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Nette'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Nersa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Olef]] | |''Olef'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Urdefa (flumen)|Urdefa]]<ref name="Urdefa"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Owe Rodenbergense]]<ref name="Owe Rodenbergense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Gentilicium "Rodenbergense" ad [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodenberg#Geschichte Castrum Rodenbergum] refert.</ref> | |''Rodenberger Aue'' seu ''Aue'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Owe Occidentale]]<ref name="Westaue">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "Occidentale" Theodiscum praefixum ''West-'' vertitur.</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Elisinza)|Rivulus Niger Elisinzae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | |''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Raodhaha Caeca]]<ref name="Raodhaha Caeca">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch]. Adiectivo "caecus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Blinde" vertitur.</ref> | Rotaha Caeca<ref name="Raodhaha Caeca"/> seu Rota Caeca <ref name="Raodhaha Caeca"/> |''Blinde Rot'' seu ''Adelmannsfelder Rot'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotaha (Moenus)|Rotaha Moeni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Rodau'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salzbuide]]<ref name="Salzbuide">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzb%C3%B6de#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmalige Erwähnung erfährt die Bezeichnung Salzböde in einer Schenkungsurkunde aus dem 8. Jahrhundert, in der eine Edelfrau namens Adelburch ihre Besitzungen in der mündungsnahen Ortschaft „Salzbutine“ (Salzböden) dem Kloster Fulda überträgt. Im Landfriedensvertrag, den Bischof Wernher von Mainz 1265 mit hessischen Reichsstädten und benachbarten Territorialherren schloss, wird bei der Beschreibung der Grenze im Norden auch der Fluss Salzböde („..., ''et ab illa silva usque ad aquam, que dictur Salzbuide'',...“) (...)".</ref> | Salzbutine<ref name="Salzbuide"/> |''Salzböde'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinna Angusta]]<ref name="Sinna angusta">Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], auctore Alberto Greule. Adiectivum "angustus-a-um", quo Theodiscum adiectivum "Schmale" vertitur, adhibetur ad distinguendum hoc flumen suo ex homonymo flumine.</ref> | Sinne Angustum<ref name="Sinna angusta"/> |''Schmale Sinn'' seu ''Hintere Sinn'' seu ''Kleine Sinn'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna Salae Moeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aa Fera]]<ref name="Aa Fera">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Lexicon Universale}}. Adiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> | Alpha Fera<ref name="Alpha Fera">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> |''Wilde Aa'' seu ''Aar'' seu ''Ogge'' seu ''Wilde Ah'' seu ''Wilde Aar'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Orcana]]<ref name="Orcana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aalbach (Moenus)|Aalbach Moeni]]<ref name="Aalbach Moeni">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | |''Aalbach'' seu ''Ahlbach'' seu ''Weidengraben'' seu ''Waldbüttelbrunner Augraben'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Barre]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Kleine Paar'' seu ''Holzheimerbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Ach Frewbergense]]<ref name="Frewberga">Adiectivo "Frewbergensis-e" vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Cherse]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Koerse<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Kerse<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Körsch'' seu ''Sindelbach'' seu ''Aischbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elera (Nava)|Elera Navae]]<ref name="Elera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellerbach_(Nahe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''super fluuiolum Elera'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Ellerbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ghela]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Gehle'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hamele]]<ref name="Hamele">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamel_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1309 (Hamele) erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Hamel'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lara (27 km)|Lara]]<ref name="Lara">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafenlohr_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 772 war sie in der Markbeschreibung der Benediktinerabtei Neustadt am Main erstmals als ''super fluviolum Lara'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Hafenlohr'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger Rhenanus Wittlaerensis]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | |''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tulba]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Thulba'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wevene]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Wabe'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Schuntra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wietze (Ursena)|Wietze Ursenae]] | | ''Wietze'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Withaa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Withaea<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Widaae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Hvidaae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wiedau'' seu ''Mehlandsbach'' seu ''Delmser Bach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bära]] | | ''Bära'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Canalis (Rura)|Canalis Rurae]]<ref name="Canalis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallbach_(Urft)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name könnte sich vom rheinischen Wort Kall(e) für 'Wasserrinne, Straßenrinne' (< lateinisch ''canalis'') herleiten (...).</ref> | | ''Kall'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Cupfere]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Kuppher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Chupher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Kupfer'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ekkerne]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Ecker'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Erpe (Tuistina)|Erpe]] | | ''Erpe'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Extera]]<ref name="Piderit 1846">Piderit, F. C. G. (1846). ''Geschichte der Lippe'schen Lande''. Detmoldae: Meyer.</ref> | | ''Exter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hardna]]<ref name="Hardna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aa_(Werre)#Bezeichnung hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Mittelalter trug die Aa den Namen „Hardna“, welcher sich vom mittelniederdeutschen Wort hart für 'Bergwald, waldiger Höhenzug' ableite (...)".</ref> | [[Aa (Wachna)|Aa Wachnae]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | ''Aa'' seu ''Johannisbach'' seu ''Westfälische Aa'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hasalaha (flumen)|Hasalaha Werahae]]<ref name="Hasalaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasel_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 824 als Hasalaha erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hasel'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Kessach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Kessha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Chessa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Kessach'' seu ''Berolzheimer Kästle'' seu ''Schillingstadter Kästle'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]<ref name="Lutra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Lenninger Lauter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutturu (Amisia)|Lutturu Amisiae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lutteru Amisiae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lutter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutturu (Lachte)|Lutturu Lachtense]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lutteru Lachtense<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lutter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Lachte]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Luya (Naba)|Luya Nabae]]<ref name="Luya Nabae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Lia<ref name="Luya Nabae"/> | ''Luhe'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Miele (flumen)|Miele]] | | ''Miele'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Miele (flumen)|Miele]] |- | [[Mosalbe]]<ref name="Mosalbe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moosalbe_(Schwarzbach)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1180 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (''Mosalbe'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Moosalbe'' seu ''Moosalb'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nisa (flumen)|Nisa]]<ref name="Nisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niese_(Emmer)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1005 als ''Nisa'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Niese'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Emmera]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | | ''Ochtum'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rotina (Itessa)|Rotina Itessae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Rotene Itessae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Röthen'' seu ''Röden'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Scherkonde]] | | ''Scherkonde'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Laz (flumen)|Laz]]<ref name="Laz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schoza]]<ref name="Schoza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) aput Schozam (...)".</ref> | | ''Schozach'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Steinlach]] | | ''Steinlach'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Stobrava]]<ref name="Stobrava">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B6bber#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''fluuium qui Stoborov nuncupatur'' (...) ''super Stobravam'' (...)".</ref> | Stoborov<ref name="Stobrava"/> | ''Stöbber'' seu ''Stobber'' seu ''Stobberow'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Antiquus Viadrus]]<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sulmana (flumen)|Sulmana]]<ref name="Sulmana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulm_(Neckar)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa sulmana'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Sulm'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Weraha (Rhenus)|Weraha Rheni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Werra Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wehra'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wieste]] | | ''Wieste'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aqua Kotitzensis]]<ref name="Aqua Kotitzensis">Nomine "Aqua" Theodiscum nomen ''Wasser'' et gentilicio "Kotitzensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Kotitzer" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Kotitzer Wasser'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lubetowe]]<ref name="Lubetowe"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aschau (Lachte)|Aschau]] | | ''Aschau'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lachte]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Au Soholmense]]<ref name="Soholmense">Gentilicio "Soholmensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Soholmer" vertitur.</ref> | Å Soholmense<ref name="Soholmense"/> | ''Soholmer Au'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Canalis Bongsielensis]]<ref name="Bongsielensis">Gentilicio "Bongsielensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Bongsieler" vertitur.</ref> | [[Canalis Bongsielensis]]<ref name="Bongsielensis">Gentilicio "Bongsielensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Bongsieler" vertitur.</ref> |- | [[Bresnica]]<ref name="Bresnica">Vide [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268003452.pdf Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen], ubi dicitur "(...) Beispiele hierfür sind Ortsnamen wie 11. Jh. ''Bresnica'' Prießnitz, (...)".</ref> | | ''Prießnitz'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Elsava]] | | ''Elsava'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gerstenbacum (Plissa)|Gerstenbacum Plissae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gerstenbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Plissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Gimmlitz]] | | ''Gimmlitz'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Heimbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Heimbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Glatta (Rhenus)|Glatta Rheni]]<ref name="Glatta">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kossau]] | | ''Kossau'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lacus Tresdorfensis]]<ref name="Tresdorfensis">Hoc de gentilicio, confer scientificum epithetum "Tresdorfensis".</ref> | [[Kossau]] |- | [[Luppa (flumen)|Luppa]]<ref name="Luppa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Luppe'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | | ''Mud'' seu ''Mudau'' seu ''Mudbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Net Guelpherbytense]]<ref name="Net Guelpherbytense">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) sursum usque Net (...)". Gentilicium "Guelpherbytense" ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refert.</ref> | | ''Altenau'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ohe Magnum]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Große Ohe'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ilissus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Osa (flumen)|Osa]]<ref name="Osa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oos_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im 9. Jahrhundert als ''Osa fluvio'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Oos'' seu ''Oosbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Murga (Nigra silva septentrionalis)|Murga Nigra silva septentrionalis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Purnitz]] | | ''Purnitz'' seu ''Kleine Jeetze'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Russella (Albis)|Russella Albis]]<ref name="Russella Albis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Rossel'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schmalkalde]] | | ''Schmalkalde'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Seidewitz (flumen)|Seidewitz]] | | ''Seidewitz'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Gotlavia]]<ref name="Gotlavia"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Smiehe]]<ref name="Smiehe">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Schmiech, die, l.z. Donau, entspringt oberhalb von Springen (Gundershofen, Stadt Schelklingen, AlbDonau-Kreis, B.-W., D) aus einer ergiebigen Karstquelle, mündet südlich von Ehingen (Alb-DonauKreis). – 1298 fluvium … Smiehe (...)".</ref> | | ''Schmiech'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Steina (Mogus Rufus)|Steina Mogi Rufi]]<ref name="Steina Calida">Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo "calidus-a-um" -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Warme'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Steinach''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Steina&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | | ''Warme Steinach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Mogus rufus|Mogus Rufus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Stillach]] | | ''Stillach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Swarza Bavarica]]<ref name="Swarza Bavarica">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo "Swarza". Hoc de hydronymo ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzach_(Naab) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bereits 1250 wurde die „Swarza“ erwähnt (...)". Gentilicum "Bavaricus-a-um" Theodiscum ''Bayerische'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Bayerische Schwarzach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Trierbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Trierbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tymanize]]<ref name="Tymanize">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002845 Jahrbücher des Vereins für meklenburgische Geschichte und Alterthumskunde], ubi dicitur "(...) Temnitz, Bach bei Netzeband, 1232 super Tymanize fluuium (...)".</ref> | |''Temnitz'' seu ''Hellbach'' seu ''Sandfurthgraben'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Plane (flumen)|Plane]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Verse]] | | ''Verse'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Waldaha]]<ref name="Waldaha">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) iuxta Waldaha (...)".</ref> | | ''Waldach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Warne]] | | ''Warne'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wesebach]]<ref name="Wesebach">Confer [https://www.google.com/search?q=+%22Wesebach+et+campo+Gallendal+%22&client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=a5db118e05c2ad26&biw=1275&bih=280&ei=pZkCZ-SEMre7i-gP-JWo0Q8&ved=0ahUKEwik6-nn9vmIAxW33QIHHfgKKvoQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=+%22Wesebach+et+campo+Gallendal+%22&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiHyAiV2VzZWJhY2ggZXQgY2FtcG8gR2FsbGVuZGFsICJIpzdQ6QNY6xhwAXgAkAEAmAG4AaABmwqqAQMwLjm4AQPIAQD4AQL4AQGYAgGgAsQBwgIFECEYoAGYAwCIBgGSBwMwLjGgB8wI&sclient=gws-wiz-serp hos exitūs] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur "(...) Wesebach et campo Gallendal et termini earum der Speyrer Domkirche (...)".</ref> | | ''Wesebach'' seu ''Wese'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ziethe]] | | ''Ziethe'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Fona]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 24 et 20 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 24 et 20 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Affata]]<ref name="Affata">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afte#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Erstbeleg von 1306 lautet ''inter fluvium Affatam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Afte'' seu ''Wiele'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Almana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Berentraph (flumen)|Berentraph]]<ref name="Berentraph">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferndorf_(Kreuztal)#Geschichte articulum de hoc oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde der Ort unter dem Namen „Berentraph“ bereits 1067 und ist somit einer der ältesten Orte des Siegerlandes (...)".</ref> | | ''Ferndorfbach'' seu ''Ferndorf'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brenza]]<ref name="Brenza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Brettenbach r.z. Elz (z. Rhein) (...) super fluvium Brancia, (1143) aquam Bretten (...) super fluvium Brenze, lich), /br˛edebax/, 1317–41 an der Brettennun, iuxta (um 774, Original) super fluvium Brancia, (1143) aquam Bretten, (...) prope fluvium Brenza (...)".</ref> | Brancia<ref name="Brenza"/> seu Bretten<ref name="Brenza"/> seu Brenze<ref name="Brenza"/> | ''Brettenbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chivirinis]]<ref name="Chivirinis">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieferbach#Namensdeutung hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Bach tritt im 13. Jh. mit der Form ''ad locum … Chivirinis Ursprinch'' („Quelle des Kieferbachs“) erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Kieferbach'' seu ''Thierseer Ache'' seu ''Klausbach'' seu ''Klausenbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Dellina]]<ref name="Dellina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalke#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung des Flusses stammt aus dem Jahr 1001. Die „Dellina“ bzw. „Delchana“ bildete die Grenze des Paderborner Forstbannes (...)".</ref> | Delchana |''Dalke'' seu ''Dalkebach'' seu ''Bullerbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dietsulze]]<ref name="Dietsulze">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietzh%C3%B6lze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1048 noch als Dietsulze bezeichnet, wurde der Name in der Neuzeit zu Dietzhölze umgedeutet (...)".</ref> | Dietsulza<ref name="Dietsulza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Kyrorsum Dietsulzam (...)".</ref> | ''Dietzhölze'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Dillena]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erlenbacum Bieringenense|Erlenbacum Bieringenense]]<ref name="Erlenbach"/><ref name="Bieringen">Gentilicium "Bieringense" ad oppidum Bieringen refertur.</ref> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fehntjer Tief]] | | ''Fehntjer Tief'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gohbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Gohbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gundbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gundbach'' seu ''Hengstbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Herloga]]<ref name="Herloga">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harle_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt in dem Gaunamen ''pagus Herloga'' um das Jahr 1100 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Harle'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Herloga]]<ref name="Herloga"/> |- | [[Hlunia]]<ref name="Hlunia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenne_(Weser)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1007 als ''in Hluniam'' zum ersten Mal schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Lenne'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Klingengraben (Vutahe)|Klingengraben Vutahense]] | |''Klingengraben'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lockwitzbacum (Albis)|Lockwitzbacum Albis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lockwitzbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lungwitzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lungwitzbach'' seu ''Lungwitz'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Maior Strigus]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Maior Striguz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Striguz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Strigucz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Kleine Striegis'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Stregus]]<ref name="Stregus"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nassaha (Moenus)|Nassaha Moeni]]<ref name="Nassaha">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex homonymo oppido. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Nassach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pleisa]]<ref name="Pleisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleisbach#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wurde im Jahr 948 als ''pleisa'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Pleisbach'' seu ''Pleissbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Praitahe]]<ref name="Praitahe">Vide [https://texte.volare.vorarlberg.at/viewer/fulltext/VLB0067946/133/ Der Mittelberg. Geschichte, Landes- und Volkskunde des ehemaligen gleichnamigen Gerichtes], ubi dicitur "(...) Hinc sursum per illud flumen ilara usque ad ostium praitahe (Breitach.) (...)".</ref> | |''Breitach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rota (Redniz)|Rota Rednizensis]]<ref name="Rota Rednizensis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Roth'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Scaflenze (Iages)|Scaflenze Iagis]]<ref name="Scaflenze Iagis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Scaflenzen Iagis<ref name="Scaflenze Iagis"/> seu Scaflenza Iagis<ref name="Scaflenze Iagis"/> | ''Schefflenz'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Surdafalacha]]<ref name="Surdafalacha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietzh%C3%B6lze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Unterlauf wird 793 als Surdafalacha (lat. surda ='die Taube') erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Fallbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wickera]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wykara<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wickere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wickerbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wisilaffa]]<ref name="Wisilaffa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wieslauf#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Wieslauf wird 1027 als ''Wisilaffa'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Wieslauf'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiske]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wisicher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wisicheim<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wisicha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wiseche<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wiseke<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wyseche<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wieseck'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Achaza]]<ref name="Achaza">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echaz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 938 als Achaza erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Echaz'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alara Parva]]<ref name="Alara Parva">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine maiore. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aller_(Germany) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "The river's name, which was recorded in 781 as ''Alera'', in 803 as ''Elera'', in 1096 as ''Alara'' (...)". Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | Alera Parva<ref name="Alara Parva"/> seu Elera Parva<ref name="Alara Parva"/> | ''Kleine Aller'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alinde]]<ref name="Alinde">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elte_(Fluss)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der erste Namensbeleg ist ''Alinde'' (1014) und im späteren Mittelalter wird er als „ellna“ bezeichnet (...) wurde erstmals 1075 „in Elenen“ erwähnt. 1121 war bereits von einer „capella in Elnde“ die Rede. 1138 wurde er als „Elendi“ und 1304 als „in Elende“ benannt (...)".</ref> | Ellna<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elenen<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elnde<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elendi<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elende<ref name="Alinde"/> | ''Elte'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ambera]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ambra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ammer'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Boda Calida]]<ref name="Boda Calida">Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo "calidus-a-um" -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Warme'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Bode''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Warme Bode'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Garthe]]<ref name="Garthe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garte#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Garte'' wird im Jahr 1325 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (meatus fluuij … ''Garthe'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Garte'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gisala]]<ref name="Meibom 1688">Meibom, Henrico, auctore (1688); ''Rerum Germanicarum Scriptores''. Helmaestadii: Typis & sumtibus Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii.</ref> | Geysla<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Geizle<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu [[Geisla]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Geisel'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Klia]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Henne (flumen)|Henne]] | |''Henne'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Holzape]] | | ''Holzape'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hombacum (Othmunda)|Hombacum Othmundae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hombach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Iachna]]<ref name="Iachna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jachen#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss Jachen wird 1313 als Jachna (...)".</ref> | | ''Jachen'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Iazaha (Fuldaha)|Iazaha Fuldahae]]<ref name="Iazaha Fuldahae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Homonymo de flumine, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jossa_(Sinn)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde ursprünglich Jazaha^[6]und später Jos^[7] genannt (...)".</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Jossa'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lara (23 km)|Lara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Lohr'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Medemahem]]<ref name="Medemahem">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medem_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung gab es im Jahr 860 als ''Medemahem'' (...)".</ref> | |''Medem'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Niusta]]<ref name="Niusta">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCst#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 980 als ''Niusta'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nüst'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Huna]]<ref name="Huna"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sehma (flumen)|Sehma]] | | ''Sehma'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Steinebacum (Chinzechun)|Steinebacum Chinzechunis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Steinebach'' seu ''Steinaubach'' seu ''Steineaubach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Umlach]] | |''Umlach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Riussaia]]<ref name="Riussaia"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Uotenbach]]<ref name="Outenbach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odenbach_(Glan)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der namensgleiche Ort Odenbach wurde 841 als Uotenbach erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Odenbach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wickriede]] | | ''Wickriede'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ascafa]]<ref name="Ascafa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aschaff#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche Name Ascafa (980) (...)".</ref> | | ''Aschaff'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Awinpach (Lara)|Awinpach Larae]]<ref name="Awinpach Larae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | |''Aubach'' seu ''Wiesenbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Lara (23 km)|Lara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bibers]]<ref name="Bibers">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibers#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(„in ripa … Bibers“) (...)".</ref> | |''Bibers'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Blavius]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Blau'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bomlitz]] | | ''Bomlitz'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dickelsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dickelsbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elbena]]<ref name="Elbena">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbbach_(Sieg) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''usque in Elbenam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Elbbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Endert]] | | ''Endert'' seu ''Endertbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Finkenbacum (Laxbacum)|Finkenbacum Laxbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Finkenbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Laxbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fliedina]]<ref name="Fliedina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fliede#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den ersten schriftlichen Erwähnungen aus dem 9. Jahrhundert wird der Fluss ''Fliedina'' genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Fliede'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Geysaha]]<ref name="Geysaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geisbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals schriftlich genannt wird der ''Geisbach'' in einer gefälschten Urkunde, die vor dem Jahr 1057 erstellt wurde. In dieser wird der Fluss als ''Geysaha'' bezeichne (...)".</ref> | | ''Geisbach'' seu ''Geis'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grintahe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Gerffe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintiffa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintafo<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintafus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintafum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintifa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Grenff'' seu ''Grenf'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hiedraha]]<ref name="Hiedraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idarbach_(Nahe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung fand im Jahr 897 (''Hiedraha'') statt (...)".</ref> | | ''Idarbach'' seu ''Idar'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Wort ''Jade'' (1314: ''Jatha'') ist schwer zu deuten (...)".</ref> | | ''Jade'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Sinus Iathae]]<ref name="Iatha"/> | [[Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha"/> |- | [[Kropsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kropsbach'' seu ''Krebsbach'' seu ''Altenbach'' seu ''Mühlbachgraben'' seu ''Schlaggraben'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lamma]]<ref name="Lamma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamme_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Nennung erfolgte im Jahr 1065 als ''Lamma'' (...)".</ref> | |''Lamme'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lee (Vidrus)|Lee]] | | ''Lee'' seu ''Kleine Lee" | align="right" | 22 | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Livianum]]<ref name="Livianum">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibi#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name geht wohl auf einen römischen Ortsnamen Līviānum mit der Bedeutung (...)".</ref> | | ''Leibi'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Longna]]<ref name="Longna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laugna_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche keltische Name „Longna“ wurde von den römischen Besatzern (15 v. Chr.) übernommen.[3] Um 890 wird der Fluss als ''Logena'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | Logena |''Laugna'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]<ref name="Duria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lutra (Bunaha)|Lutra Bunahae]]<ref name="Lutra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Lauter'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Bunaha (flumen)|Bunaha]]<ref name="Bunaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Malefinkbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Malefinkbach'' seu ''Malefink'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mittweida Magna]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Große Mittweida'' seu ''Mitteweida'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nigra Aqua (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Nigra Aqua Muldae]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Morre (Billbach)|Morre]] | | ''Morre'' seu ''Saubach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mota (flumen)|Mota]]<ref name="Mota">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 786 wird der Fluss als ''Motam'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Mehe'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Murga (Nigra silva meridionalis)|Murga Nigra Silvae Meridionalis]]<ref name=Gr/> | |''Murg'' seu ''Hauensteiner Murg'' seu ''Obere Murg'' seu ''Murgbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Na de Owe]]<ref name="Na de Owe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostenau#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ersten schriftlichen Namensbelege des Gewässers sind „na de Owe“ (1512) (...)".</ref> | | ''Ostenau'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Natergowe]]<ref name="Natergowe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notter_(Unstrut)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Flussname erscheint erstmals im Jahr 997 als Gauname ''Natergowe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Notter'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nava (Schleuse)|Nava Schleusensis]]<ref name="Nava Schleusensis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Rhenano. Hoc de ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahe_(Rhein) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die '''Nahe''' (lateinisch ''Nava'', ursprünglich keltisch ''Wilder Fluss'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Nahe'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Schleuse]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Presnitz)|Nigra Aqua Presnitzensis]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Presnitzensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Presnitz (flumen)|Presnitz]]<ref name="Presnitz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nyeste]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Nieste'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Radaha Fera]]<ref name="Radaha Fera">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Wilde Rodach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Radaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotbacum (Rhenus)|Rotbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Rotbach'' seu ''Vennbach'' seu ''Ebersbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotina (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymis "Rotina" seu "Rotene". His de hydronymis, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rödelbach Steinach (Lkr. Sonneberg, Thüringen, D), mündet in Rödental (Lkr. Coburg, Bayern). – /rü5dn/, ON. Mönchröden (Stadt Rödental, Lkr. Coburg), 1108 (Kopie 12. Jh.) Rotina, 1171 Rotene (...)".</ref> | Rotene Muldae Zviccaviensis | ''Rödelbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Savus Ferus]]<ref name="Savus Ferus">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex paronymo flumine etymologice relato [[Savus|Savo]] seu Sao. Cui ultimo, vide [[:de:Wilde Sau (Fluss)#Name]], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ist wahrscheinlich slawischen Ursprungs, was auch die Namen benachbarter Elbezuflüsse nahelegen. Es könnte dieselbe sprachliche Wurzel wie bei dem Donauzufluss Sava/Save zugrunde liegen (...)". "Savus" est versio Latina Theodisci hydronymi ''Save''. Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kleine'' vertiturAdiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> | Saus Ferus<ref name="Savus Ferus"/> | ''Wilde Sau'' seu ''Saubach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sechta Unterschneidheimensis]]<ref name="Unterschneidheimensis">Gentilicium "Unterschneidheimensis" ad oppidum [[Unterschneidheim]] refertur.</ref> | |''Schneidheimer Sechta'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]<ref name="Agira"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Radiantia)|Seebacum Radiantiae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Canalis inter Moenum et Danubium]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Steinhaha (Neckarsteinach)|Steinhaha Neckarsteinachensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Steinaha Neckarsteinachensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Steinach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sulaha (Weraha)|Sulaha Werahae]]<ref name="Sulaha">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Suhl, l.z. Werra (...) in fluvium Sulaha (...)".</ref> | | ''Suhl'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sydene]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Siede'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Watter]] | |''Watter'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wida (Zurrega)|Wida Zurregae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Wieda'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Zaberkou]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Zabernahgouwe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Zabernogovi<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Zaberenkowe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Zaber'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ahbacum (Ara)|Ahbacum Arae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Alia nomina | ''Ahbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ana (flumen)|Ána]]<ref name="Ana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahne_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Erstbeleg des Namens stammt aus dem Jahr 1154 ''fluvium Ána'' (...)".</ref> | |''Ahne'' seu ''Ahna'' seu ''Ahnabach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ardaha]]<ref name="Ardaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aar_(Dill)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Im Althochdeutschen noch als Ardaha (Erwähnung 856) bezeichnet, (...)".</ref> | |''Aar'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Dillena]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Asdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Asdorf'' seu ''Asdorfer Bach'' seu ''Weibe'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Beke]] | |''Beke'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Beysa]]<ref name="Beysa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beise_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1521 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''Beysa'') (...)".</ref> | |''Beise'' seu ''Beisebach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Chinzechun Parvum]]<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinzig_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1099: ''ad Chinzechun; ad aliam Chinzichun''[6] 1128: ''flumen'' [Fluss] ''Kinzicha, flumen Kynzichun, ad aliam Kynzicham'' (...)" Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | Chinzichun Parvum<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> seu Kinzicha Parva<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> seu Kynzichun Parvum<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> seu Kynzicha Parva<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> |''Kleine Kinzig'' seu ''Reinerzau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Demester]]<ref name="Demester">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emster_Kanal#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die mittelalterlichen Bezeichnungen für das Gewässer waren ''Demester'' (1351), ''Dempstar'' (1374), ''Demster'' (1380) und ''deinster'' (1441/45) (...)".</ref> | Dempstar seu Demster seu Deinster |''Emster Kanal'' seu ''Emster Gewässer'' seu ''Emster'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Elsanpah]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Elsinpah<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Elsenbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Elsenpach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Elsinbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Kaiserbach'' seu ''Kappelbach'' seu ''Elsenbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Klingbacum (Michelsbacum)|Klingbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gilse]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Gilsa'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Kerkerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Kerkerbach'' seu ''Hüttenbach'' seu ''Fensterbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lossa (Mulda)|Lossa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Lossa'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Muche]]<ref name="Muche">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauch_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1293 als Muche erstmals urkundlich erwähn (...)".</ref> | |''Mauch'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]<ref name="Agira"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nau]] | |''Nau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Odeborn]] | | ''Odeborn'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Phiopha]]<ref name="Phiopha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfieffe_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der gleichnamige Ort Pfieffe wird 1037 als ''Phiopha'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Pfieffe'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pöhlwasser]] | |''Pöhlwasser'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Mittweida Magna]]<ref name="Mittweida Magna"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Prime]]<ref name="Prime">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prim_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) („iuxta aquam … Prime“) (...)".</ref> | |''Prim'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Radau]]<ref name="Radau">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radau_(Fluss)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erwähnt wurde der Fluss 1308 bzw. 1325 als ''Radowe'', 1570 als ''Radow'', 1578 als ''Radaw'' und ebenfalls 1578 als ''Radau'' (...)".</ref> | Radowe seu Radow seu Radaw |''Radau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rodawe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Rodau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Withaa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rotach (Werenza)|Rotach Werenzae]] | | ''Rotach'' seu ''Rotbach'' seu ''Rothach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ruda (flumen)|Ruda]]<ref name="Ruda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauda_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wurde im Jahr 1266 als ''Ruda'' erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Rauda'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rysele]]<ref name="Rysele">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aa_(Nethe)#Historische_Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ''Aa'' hatte im Mittelalter den Namen ''Riesel''. So erscheint sie in ihrem ersten schriftlichen Beleg von 1326 als „in fluvius … Rysele“, (...)".</ref> | |''Aa'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sall (flumen)|Sall]] | |''Sall'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sulzaha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Solza<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Sulza<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Solz'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Suntraha]]<ref name="Suntraha">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Sontra (Werdorf, synkopiert > *Sorsdorf, vereinfacht > *S¯osdorf. – ra-Meißner-Kreis), 1232 Suntraha, 1269 Suntrahe, Sperber, HG.A.5, S. 90. 1271 Sunthra, 1273 Suntra (und weitere Belege), 14. Jh. Sontra (...)".</ref> | Suntrahe<ref name="Suntraha"/> seu Sunthra<ref name="Suntraha"/> seu Suntra<ref name="Suntraha"/> seu Sontra<ref name="Suntraha"/> |''Sontra'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Wehre (Weraha)|Wehre Werahae]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Terueke]]<ref name="Terueke">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarpenbek#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ältesten überlieferten urkundlichen Erwähnungen des Gewässers sind ''Terueke'' (1245 und 1263), ''Terveke'' (1266) und ''Terweke'' (1325), was sich über ''Tarwe'' zu ''Tarpe'' entwickelte (...)".</ref> | Terveke<ref name="Terueke"/> seu Terweke<ref name="Terueke"/> |''Tarpenbek'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Alstria]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Thidela]]<ref name="Thidela">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deilbach#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ersten schriftlichen Belege des Deilbachs sind Thidela (875) und Thithelam (11. Jh.) (...)".</ref> | Thithela<ref name="Thidela"/> |''Deilbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Trotzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Trotzbach'' seu ''Schledde'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wissaha (Tegarinseo)|Wissaha Tegarinseonensis]]<ref name="Wissaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Wissha<ref name="Wissaha"/> |''Weißach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Tegarinseo]]<ref name="Tegernsee">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegernsee#Namensgebung hoc de lacū apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name des Sees ist erstmals in der Form Tegarinseo aus dem Jahr 796 überliefert, als die fürstlichen Brüder Oatkar und Adalbert ein Kloster am tegarin seo, das ist althochdeutsch und heißt großer See, gründeten (...)".</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bada (Wippera)|Bada Wipperae]]<ref name="Bada">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bode_(Wipper)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Erstbeleg ist aus dem Jahr 749 (''Bada'') (...)".</ref> | |''Bode'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Wippera (Onestrudis)|Wippera]]<ref name="Wippera Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Barnitz]] | |''Barnitz'' seu ''Sult'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Horbinstenon]]<ref name="Beste">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beste hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich wurde der Fluss erstmals bereits 1075 als ''Horbinstenon'' in einer Beschreibung des Limes Saxoniae erwähnt (...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung des Flusses fand 1263 als ''Bestene'' statt (...)".</ref> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grobion]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Grob<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Verlorenwasser'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Buckau]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hora (Aphilste)|Hora Aphilstensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ora Aphilstensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Ohra'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Aphilste]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hospira]]<ref name="Hospira">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochspeyerbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der mittelalterliche Name ''Hospira'' des Hochspeyerbachs ist bereits im 10. Jahrhundert nachgewiesen; er leitete sich möglicherweise vom Speyerbach (''Spira, Spiraha'') ab (...)".</ref> | Spiraha |''Hochspeyerbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Naba)|Huttenbacum Nabae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ieckenbacus]]<ref name="Widder 1786">Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.</ref> | Gekkinbach<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend & Co.</ref> seu Geckenbach<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> |''Jeckenbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iutraha (Rhenus)|Iutraha Rheni]]<ref name="Iutraha Rheni">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Neckar)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Itter'' wird im Jahr 628 (''Iutraha'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Der Name enthielt ursprünglich die Endung -aha, was für „Fließgewässer“ steht. (...)" et {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Itter'' seu ''Itterbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lahe (flumen)|Lahe]] | |''Lahe'' seu ''Große Aue'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Soeste]] | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Maurine]] | | ''Maurine'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Stepenitz (Trabena)|Stepenitz Trabenae]] | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Netha|Netha Hassae]]<ref name="Netha Hassae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nette'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Oese (Hune)|Oese]] | |''Oese'' seu ''Gelmecke'' seu ''Heppingser Bach'' seu ''Sundwiger Bach'' seu ''Hemer-Bach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Hune]]<ref name="Hune"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pernaffa]]<ref name="Pernaffa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perf hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im Jahre 913 als ''Pernaffa'', und er gab dem Perfgau (''pagus Pernaffa'') (...)".</ref> | |''Perf'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotbacum (Dreisima)|Rotbacum Dreisimae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Rotbach'' seu ''Zartenbach'' seu ''Löffeltalbach'' seu ''Höllenbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sechta Rohilingenensis]]<ref name="Rohilingenensis">Gentilicium "Rohilingenensis" ad Rohilingen refertur. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6hlingen#Geschichte eius articulum apud Vicipaaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in vico Rohilingen'' (...)".</ref> | |''Röhlinger Sechta'' seu ''Sechta'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sulza (Albis)|Sulza Albis]]<ref name="Sulza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) ON. Sülze (Stadt Rösrath, Rheinisch-Bergiae. ge-sod ‘Gericht’, as. soth ‘Fleischbrühe’, afr. scher Kreis), mündet nach 24,7km bei Lohmar soth ‘Brühe’, ahd. ki-sod ‘Gericht’), metaphorische (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, NRW). – 1182 molendina in Sulza (...)".</ref> | |''Sülze'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ziese]] | |''Ziese'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Lutense]]<ref name="Lutense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 19 et 15 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 19 et 15 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Aha Rordorfensis]]<ref name="Aha Rordorfensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicio "Rordorfensis-e" ad [[Rodorfium]] (Theodisce ''Rodorf'') refertur. Cui ultimo toponymo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohrdorf_(am_Inn)#Geschichte hoc de oppido apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde Rohrdorf 788 in der Notitia Arnonis, einer Aufstellung aller Güter und Besitzungen der Kirche Salzburg auf herzoglich-bayerischem Gebiet anlässlich der Eingliederung Bayerns in das Frankenreich Karls des Großen. Darin genannt sind auch die beiden heute eingemeindeten Dörfer Höhenmoos und Lauterbach, die seinerzeit ebenfalls bereits Kirchdörfer waren. Die damaligen Ortsbezeichnungen lauteten: Rordorf, (...)".</ref> | | ''Rohrdorfer Achen'' seu ''Achen'' seu ''Weißenbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Alnaha (flumen)|Alnaha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Allanaher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Alnahe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Allna'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aqua Mutinensis]]<ref name="Aqua Mutinensis">Nomine "Aqua" Theodiscum nomen ''Wasser'' et gentilicio "Mutinensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Mutzschener" vertitur. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Mutzschener Wasser'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Audan (Layna)|Audan Laynae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Aue'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bastauwe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Bastau'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fintau]] | | ''Fintau'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hanfpach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Hanfbach'' seu ''Irmerother Bach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Humme]] | | ''Humme'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Iutraha (Dimel)|Iutraha Dimelensis]]<ref name="Iutraha Dimelensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Itter'' seu ''Itterbach'' seu ''Itterbecke'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lisba (flumen)|Lisba]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lisburnensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Liese'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Hassenbeck]]<ref name="Hassenbeck"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Itessa)|Lutra Itessae]]<ref name="Lutra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Lauterbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Metime|Metimé]]<ref name="Metime">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mettma#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wurde 1111 als ''fluvii Metimé'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Mettma'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Schlucht]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Muglbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Mohelnský seu Mohelenský |''Muglbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Wundreb (flumen)|Wundreb]]<ref name="Wundreb"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Munzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Münzbach'' seu ''Loßnitzbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Orpe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Urppe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Orpe'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Owe Parvum Radense]]<ref name="Owe Parvum Radense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "parvum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur. Gentilicium "Radense" ad [[Radena]]m refertur; hoc de toponymo, vide: Büsching, A. F. (1768). ''A New System of Geography: Containing a Particular Description of the Quarters of the World''. Londinii: T. Lowndes; hoc de gentilicio, vide: Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung''. Simon Müller.</ref> | Audan Parvum Radense<ref name="Owe Parvum Radense"/> | ''Kleine Aue'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ramme (flumen)|Ramme]] | | ''Ramme'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rota (Ambra)|Rota Ambrae]]<ref name="Rota Ambrae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rott_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Rott wird um 1065 in der Wessobrunner Gründungslegende als ''Rota'' bezeugt (...)".</ref> | |''Rott'' seu ''Rottgraben'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sorpe (Röhr)|Sorpe Röhrense]]<ref name="Sorpe">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) 1307 iuxta rivum … Sorpe (...)".</ref> | Suropo Röhrensis<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorbece Röhrense<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorp Röhrense<ref name="Suropo"/> | ''Sorpe'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Röhr]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sule (flumen)|Sule]] | | ''Sule'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wilstra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wilstera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilstere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilstria<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wilsterau'' seu ''Wilster Au'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Zahme Gera]] | | [[Zahme Gera]] | align="right" | 19 | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aha Berchtesgadenensis]]<ref name="Aha Berchtesgadenensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicium "Berchtesgadenensis-e" ad [[Berchtesgaden]] refertur.</ref> | Albe Berchtesgadenense<ref name="Albe Berchtesgadenense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berchtesgadener_Ache hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Um 1815 wurde der Fluss noch als ''Albe'' (...)". Gentilicium "Berchtesgadenensis-e" ad [[Berchtesgaden]] refertur.</ref> |''Berchtesgadener Ache'' seu ''Königsseeache'' seu ''Alm'' seu ''Almbach'' seu ''Albe'' seu ''Niedere Al | align="right" | 18 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ahle (Schwülme)|Ahle Schwülmense]] | |''Ahle'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Schwülme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Armuthsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Armuthsbach'' seu ''Armutsbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Baarbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Baarbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bahra (Gotlaviae)|Bahra Gotlaviae]] | |''Bahra'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Gotlavia]]<ref name="Gotlavia"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bekena (Lupia)|Bekena]]<ref name="Bekena">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beke_(Lippe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Mittelalter als ''Bekena'' bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | | ''Beke'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Belina (Albis)|Belina Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | |''Biela'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Boteburon]]<ref name="Boteburon">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottwar#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Es wird angenommen, dass der Name des Flusses von dem der Stadt Großbottwar abgeleitet ist, der bereits im Jahr 779 als ''Boteburon'' und 873 als ''Bodibura'' erwähnt wird. Erstmals 1260 wird der Fluss urkundlich ''Botebor'' genannt (...)".</ref> | Bodibura<ref name="Boteburon"/> seu Botebor<ref name="Boteburon"/> | ''Bottwar'' seu ''Auklingenbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Murrensis]]<ref name="Murrensis"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brugga (Dreisima)|Brugga Dreisimae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Nomen Theodiscum'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Diesse]] | |''Dieße'' seu ''Diesse'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Ilmede]]<ref name="Ilmede"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Frioda (Weraha)|Frioda Werahae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Frieda'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gelster]] | |''Gelster'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hasalaha (Mintela)|Hasalaha Mintelae]]<ref name="Hasalaha Mintelae">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e hydronymo. Hoc de hydronymo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasel_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 824 als Hasalaha erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hasel'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Mintela]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Helere]]<ref name="Helere">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haller_(Fluss)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Schreibung: Helere (10.–11. Jahrhundert) (...)".</ref> | |''Haller'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lesnitz Magnum]]<ref name="Lesnitz Magnum">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo urbe Theodisce ''Lößnitz''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268003452.pdf Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lößnitz''' Stadt nö. Aue; Aue-Schwarzenberg (AKr. Aue) (1238) K 1533 Fridericus de Lesnitz (...)". Adiectivo "magnum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur</ref> | | ''Große Lößnitz'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lutraha]]<ref name="Lutraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCtter#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Lütter'' wurde im Jahr 826 als ''Lutraha'' erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Lütter'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Owe Parvum Barenburgense]]<ref name="Owe Parvum Barenburgense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "parvum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur. Gentilicium "Barenburgense" ad [[Barenburgum]] in [[Circulus Diepholz|Circulo Thefholte]] refertur.</ref> | Audan Parvum Barenburgense<ref name="Owe Parvum Barenburgense"/> | ''Kleine Aue'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Parthanus]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Parthanum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Partanus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Partanum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Partnach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Liubasa]]<ref name="Liubasa"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Perlenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Perlenbach'' seu ''Schwalmbach'' seu ''Perlbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger Klingengrabenensis]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | |''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Klingengraben (Vutahe)|Klingengraben Vutahense]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ranschgraben]] | |''Ranschgraben'' seu ''Erbsengraben'' seu ''Waldgraben'' seu ''Bruchgraben'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Rehbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Raodhaha (Lein)|Raodhaha Leinensis]]<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymis fluminibus. Quibus ultimis, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Rotaha Leinensis<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis"/> seu Rota Leinensis<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis"/> |''Rot'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rinne Königseense|Rinne Königseënse]]<ref name="Königseënse">Gentilicium "Königseënse" ad oppidum [[Königsee]] in [[Circulus terrae Salfeldensis et Rudolphopolitanus|Circulo Salfeldensi-Rudolphopolitano]] refertur.</ref> | |''Königseer Rinne'' seu ''Rinne'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Nonensis]]<ref name="Rivus Nonensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Nonensis-e" ad oppidum [[Nonus Lapis|Nonum Lapidem]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohn#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Bezeichnung Nohn soll auf das lateinische ''ad nonum lapidem'' zurückgehen – Am neunten Meilenstein (...)".</ref> | |''Nohner Bach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Trierbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rohrbacum (Fuldaha)|Rohrbacum Fuldahae]]<ref name="Rohrbacum Fuldahae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Rohrbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rohrbacum (Saravus)|Rohrbacum Saravi]]<ref name="Rohrbacum Saravi">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Rohrbach'' seu ''Scheidter Bach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schweinitz]] | Svídnice |''Schweinitz'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tribisa Parva]]<ref name="Tribisa Parva">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Triebisch'' dicto. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | |''Kleine Triebisch'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Tribisa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tyra (flumen)|Tyra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Thira<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Thyra'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Walhalben]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Walhalbin<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Walhalbe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Wallhalb'' seu ''Wallhalbe'' seu ''Wallalbe'' seu ''Wallalb'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Warnau]] | | ''Warnau'' seu ''Schneebach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Weiß (Sega)|Weiß]] | |''Weiß'' seu ''Weißbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiesaz]] | | ''Wiesaz'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Steinlach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wilisch (flumen)|Wilisch]] | |''Wilisch'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wizmoin]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wizmone<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wizmoune<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wizmoven<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Weismain'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wohlrose]] | |''Wohlrose'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aschbacum (Werma)|Aschbacum Wermae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Aschbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Werma]]<ref name="Werma"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Augraben (Nebula)|Augraben Nebulae]]<ref name="Augraben Nebulae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://documente.bcucluj.ro/web/bibdigit/fg/BCUCLUJ_FG_115352_1907_004.pdf Ente Istorice], ubi dicitur "(...) in rivulum, qui dicitur Augraben, et in rivulo (...)".</ref> | | ''Augraben'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Nebula (flumen Germanicum)|Nebula]]<ref name="Nebula"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Biberaha (Kincicha)|Biberaha Kincichae]]<ref name="Biberaha Kincichae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bieber'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biberaha (Rotaha)|Biberaha Rotahae]]<ref name="Biberaha Rotahae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bieber'' seu ''Bieberbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Rotaha (Moenus)|Rotaha Moeni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Boda Frigida]]<ref name="Boda Frigida">Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo "frigidus-a-um" -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kalte'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Bode''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Kalte Bode'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Brombacum (Radentia)|Brombacum Radentiae]] | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Radentia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bruchbacum (Alara)|Bruchbacum Alarae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Bruchbach'' seu ''Wittbeck'' seu ''Heidbach'' seu ''Grobebach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bruchgraben (Indistra)|Bruchgraben Indistrae]] | | ''Bruchgraben'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ettebach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Etbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Epbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Oorana]]<ref name="Oorana"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Katzenbacum (Nicer)|Katzenbacum Niceri]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Katzenbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lichte (flumen)|Lichte]] | | ''Lichte'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Natzschung]] | Načetínský | ''Natzschung'' seu ''Keilbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ovenbach (Glan)|Ovenbach Glanense]]<ref name="Ovenbach Glanense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohmbach_(Glan)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der gleichnamige Ort Ohmbach wurde im Jahr 977 als ''Ouenbach'' erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Ohmbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rankbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rankbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Vurmicus (Nagalda)|Vurmicus Nagaldae]]<ref name="Vurmicus Nagalda"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salzbacum (Murga)|Salzbacum Murgae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Salzbach'' seu ''Kröppenbach'' seu ''Buchbach'' seu ''Blümmelbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]<ref name="Murga NB"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vretere]]<ref name="Vretere">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fretterbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den ersten urkundlichen Nennungen wird der Bach als Vretere (1338 und 1387) bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | |''Fretterbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Waginstat (flumen)|Waginstat]]<ref name="Waginstat">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex valli homonymā. Latino de nomine huius vallis, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagensteig#Geschichte articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Ort wurde erstmals im Jahr 1125 als ''Waginstat'' erwähnt, wobei es sich hier um einen Personennamen handeln soll (...)".</ref> | | ''Wagensteigbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wahlebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wahlebach'' seu ''Wahle'' seu ''Fahrenbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Welpia (Alapa)|Welpia]]<ref name="Wölpe">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Welepa<ref name="Wölpe"/><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilipia<ref name="Wölpe"/><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilepa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilippia<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilpa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilipa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Welpa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Welipa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Welepe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Wölpe'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Alapa]]<ref name="Alapa"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wilde (Adrana)|Wilde Adranae]] | | ''Wilde'' seu ''Wölfte'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wuhle]] | | ''Wuhle'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Adenova]]<ref name="Adenova">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenauer_Bach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 992 als ''adenoua fluvius'' erstmals erwähnt, (...)".</ref> | | ''Adenauer Bach'' seu ''Breidscheider Bach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bahre]] | | ''Bahre'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Seidewitz (flumen)|Seidewitz]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Biberaha (Huna)|Biberaha Hunae]]<ref name="Biberaha Hunae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bieber'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Huna]]<ref name="Huna"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Buchenbacum (Moenus)|Buchenbacum Moeni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Buchenbach'' seu ''Mühlbach'' seu ''Riedgraben'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bünzau]] | | ''Bünzau'' seu ''Bünzer Au'' seu ''Bünzener Au'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Charbach (Moenus)|Charbach Moeni]]<ref name="Charbach Moeni">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e toponymo. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Argen&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) 853 in loco ... Charbach, 1155 in Karebach, 13. Jh. Charebach (...)".</ref> | Karebach seu Charebach | ''Karbach'' seu ''Egerbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chemnitzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Chemnitzbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Daade]] | | ''Daade'' seu ''Daadenbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Helre]]<ref name="Helre"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eitarhaha]]<ref name="Eitarhaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitrach_(Donau)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name tritt im Jahr 770 in Form eines Gaunamens (''pago Eitrahuntal'') und 806 als Fluss selbst (''super fluvium Eitarhaha'') erstmals schriftlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | ''Eitrahuntal''<ref name="Eitarhaha"/> |''Aitrach'' seu ''Baaralb'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elta (flumen)|Elta]] | | ''Elta'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ette (flumen)|Ette]] | | ''Ette'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Espolde]] | | ''Espolde'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grümpen]] | | ''Grümpen'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kehlbacum (Andolfspach)|Kehlbacum Andolfspachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kehlbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Andolfspach]]<ref name="Andolfspach"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lempe]] | | ''Lempe'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Esse (Dimel)|Esse Dimelis]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutra (Murrensis)|Lutra Murrensis]]<ref name="Lutra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Spiegelberger Lauter'' seu ''Sommerlauter'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Murrensis]]<ref name="Murrensis"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Vilisa)|Lutra Vilisae]]<ref name="Lutra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Degenfelder Lauter'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Vilisa (Nicer)|Vilisa Niceri]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Marsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Marsbach'' seu ''Morsbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Oelsabacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Oelsabach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Rubrum Bistrice]]<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rigenbach (Glan)|Rigenbach Glanense]]<ref name="Rigenbach">Fingitur hoc nomen suis ex homonymis fluminibus. Quibus ultimis, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Reichenbach&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Reichenbach''', r.z. Fils (...) in Richenbach (...) '''Reichenbach''' (z. Simmerbach (...) usque in Rigen-bach, an Rigenbach deorsum (...)".</ref> | Richenbach Glanense<ref name="Rigenbach"/> | ''Reichenbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Godesbergensis]]<ref name="Rivus Godesbergensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Godesbergensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Godesberger'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Godesberger Bach'' seu ''Arzdorfer Bach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rottach (Hilaria, Rettenberg)|Rottach Hilariae Rettenbergense]]<ref name="Rettenbergensis">Gentilicium Latinum "Rettenbergensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Rettenberger'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Rottach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Saidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Saidenbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seltenbacum (Niceri)|Seltenbacum Niceri]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seltenbach'' seu ''Sandegraben'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Suale]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Schwale'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Trettach]] | | ''Trettach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Welzbacum (Moenus)|Welzbacum Moeni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Welzbach'' seu ''Pflaumbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ymene]]<ref name="Ymene">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihme#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''supra aquam dictam Ymene'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Ihme'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Zarow]] | | ''Zarow'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Lacuna Stetinensis]] | [[Zarow]] |- | [[Affeldrahe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Affalteren<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Affeltre<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Affeltere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Effelder'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alestra secunda|Alestra Secunda]]<ref name="Alestra Secunda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzbach_(Wei%C3%9Fe_Elster)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) (''1122 Alestra secunda, 1165 Helstre inferius'') (...)".</ref> | Helstre Inferius<ref name="Alestra Secunda"/> | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Kleine Elster'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amlake]]<ref name="Amlake">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmelke hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung der Emmelke war 1185 als ''Amlake'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Emmelke'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Medemahem]]<ref name="Medemahem"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Angere (Ambra)|Angere Ambrae]]<ref name="Angere Ambrae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Angere Rheni. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch'']</ref> | Angeren Ambrae<ref name="Angere Ambrae"/> seu Angera Ambrae<ref name="Angere Ambrae"/> seu Anger Ambrae<ref name="Angere Ambrae"/> seu Angero Ambrae<ref name="Angero Ambrae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Angere Rheni. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anger_(Rhein)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die früheste bekannte urkundliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen ''Angero'' stammt aus dem Jahr 875 (...)".</ref> | ''Angerbach'' seu ''Ramseer Bach'' seu ''Stadtbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bramau]] | | ''Bramau'' seu ''Stellau'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Brunnisach]] | | ''Brunnisach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Lacus Bodamicus]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Deinaha]]<ref name="Deinaha">Vide ''Acta Sanctorum. Index Topographicus'', ubi dicitur "(...) Deinaha ''Teinach'', flumen in Germania (...)".</ref> | | ''Teinach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gauchsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gauchsbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Swareza]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gornitzbacum (Alestra)|Gornitzbacum Alestrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Görnitzbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Halbleche]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Halblech'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hardtbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hardtbach'' seu ''Der Alte Bach'' seu ''Dransdorfer Bach'' seu ''Rheindorfer Bach'' seu ''Mondorfer Bach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hergstbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hergstbach'' seu ''Hergstgraben'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Horbinstenon]]<ref name="Beste"/> | Bestene<ref name="Beste"/> | ''Beste'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hundem]] | | ''Hundem'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Liersbacum (Ara)|Liersbacum Arae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Liersbach'' seu ''Rosensiefen'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lobbacum (Elisinza)|Lobbacum Elisinzae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lobbach'' seu ''Maienbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Maade]] | | ''Maade'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Sinus Iathanus]]<ref name="Petrus Lucusaltianus">[http://www.lateinlexikon.com ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum vel Vocabularium Latinitatis Huius Aetatis''], auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo.</ref> | [[Maade]] |- | [[Mohrbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Mohrbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Morsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Morsbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Neyrthere (flumen)|Neyrthere]]<ref name="Neyrthere">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neerdar_(Willingen)#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die älteste bekannte schriftliche Erwähnung von Neerdar erfolgte unter dem Namen ''Neyrthere'' im Jahr 1244.^[3] Ein ''Regenhardus de Neyrthere'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Neerdar'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Aa Fera]]<ref name="Aa Fera"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ösper]] | | ''Ösper'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Presnitz (flumen)|Presnitz]]<ref name="Presnitz">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Přísečnice#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) quae ducit de oppido Presnitz (...)".</ref> | |''Preßnitz'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Raodhaha Rechenbergensis]]<ref name="Raodhaha Rechenbergensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch]. Gentilicio "Rechenbergensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Rechenberger" vertitur.</ref> | Rotaha Rechenbergensis<ref name="Raodhaha Rechenbergensis"/> seu Rota Rechenbergensis<ref name="Raodhaha Rechenbergensis"/> | ''Rechenberger Rot'' seu ''Rotbach'' seu ''Gunzenbach'' seu ''Buchbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rhene (Dimel)|Rhene Dimelense]] | | ''Rhene'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivus Ahrenhorstensis]]<ref name="Rivus Ahrenhorstensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Ahrenhorstensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Ahrenhorster'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Ahrenhorster Bach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Werse]]<ref name="Werse"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rosenbacum (Filisa)|Rosenbacum Filisae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rosenbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Salzbacum (Rhenus)|Salzbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Alia nomina | ''Salzbach'' seu ''Rambach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sarna (flumen)|Sarna]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Sarno<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Sarnus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Sarnum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Sahrbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Strudelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Strudelbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Twista (Osta)|Twista Ostae]]<ref name="Twista Ostae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Twiste''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Arlau (...) prope Twistam (...) Tuistai, (963–1037, Kopie 15. Jh.) (...) Tuistina (...) in Tuista, 1127 in Tviste, 1235 (Kopie) de Twiste, 1240 HG.A.14, S. 419. (Kopie 14./15. Jh.) de Tuiste, 1251 in Thuiste, de Thuiste, 1257 de Twiste (und weitere Belege), 1310 in Twer- ¢ quer-. Duiste, (um 1350) prope tuisten (...)".</ref> | Tuistina Ostae seu Tuistai Ostae seu Tuista Ostae seu Twiste Ostae seu Tuiste Ostae seu Thuiste Ostae seu Tuisten Ostae | ''Twiste'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Waldangelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Waldangelbach'' seu ''Angelbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Leimbach (Rhenus, Bruowele)|Leimbach Rheni Bruowelense]]<ref name="Bruowelense"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wellingbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wellingbach'' | align="right" | 15 | ? | ? |- | [[Wochniza]]<ref name="Wochniza">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakenitz hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Chronist Helmold von Bosau erwähnt sie Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts in seiner ''Chronica Slavorum'' unter den Bezeichnungen ''wochniza'' oder ''wochenice'' (...)".</ref> | Wochenice<ref name="Wochniza"/> | ''Wakenitz'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina 14 et 10 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 14 et 10 chiliometra longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Aabacum (Affata)|Aabacum Affatae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Aabach'' seu ''Aa'' seu ''Große Aa'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Affata]]<ref name="Affata"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ach Trauchgauense]]<ref name="Trauchgauense">Gentilicio "Trauchgauensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Trauchgauer" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Trauchgauer Ach'' seu ''Ach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Halbleche]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Aqua Crinitzensis]]<ref name="Aqua Crinitzensis">Substantivum "Aqua-ae" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Wasser'' vertit et gentilicium "Crinitzensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Crinitzer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Crinitzer Wasser'' seu ''Crinitzbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Rotina (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Awinpach (Elsava)|Awinpach Elsavae]]<ref name="Awinpach Elsavae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | | ''Aubach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Elsava]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bära Inferior]]<ref name="Bära Inferior">Adiectivo "inferior" Theodiscum adiectivum "Untere" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Untere Bära'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Bära]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Belina (Flöha)|Belina Flohae]]<ref name="Belina Flöhae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bielabach'' seu ''Biela'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bistrice]]<ref name="Bistrice">[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur "Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)".</ref> | Buistrizi<ref name="Bistrice"/> seu Wisteritz<ref name="Bistrice"/> seu Wistricz<ref name="Bistrice"/> | ''Weißeritz'' seu ''Vereinigte Weißeritz'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Blabbergraben]] | | ''Blabbergraben'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bockau Magnum]]<ref name="Große"/> | | ''Große Bockau'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Boye (flumen)|Boye]] | | ''Boye'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Amsara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erle (flumen)|Erle]] | | ''Erle'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Nava (Schleuse)|Nava Schleusensis]]<ref name="Nava Schleusensis"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fisgobah (Bilerna)|Fisgobah Bilernae]]<ref name="Fisgobah Bilernae">Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_naa002198101_01/_naa002198101_01_0008.php Naamkunde. Jaargang 13], ubi dicitur "(...) 817 Fischach (passim) naast 890 Fisgobah (gen mv.) (...)".</ref> | | ''Fischach'' seu ''Alte Fischach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fossa principalis Buckauensis|Fossa Principalis Buckauensis]]<ref name="Fossa Principalis Buckauensis">Substantivum Latinum "fossa-ae" Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et substantivum Latinum "principalis-e" Theodiscum praefixum ''Haupt-'' et gentilicium Latinum "Buckauensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Buckauer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Buckauer Hauptgraben'' seu ''Kobser Bach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Buckau]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hene]]<ref name="Hene">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schafbach_(Elbbach)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bis 1270 trug der Bach den Namen Hene, wovon sich der Ortsname Höhn ableitet (...)".</ref> | | ''Schafbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Elbbach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lautenbach (Flöha)|Lautenbach Flöha]]<ref name="Lautenbach">Fingitur huius fluminis nomen homonymo e toponymo. Hoc de topononymo, vide [file:///C:/Users/34622/Downloads/Pars%20III.%20Status%20ecclesiasticus%20regularis%20episcopatus%20Wirceburgensis.pdf ]Pars III. Status ecclesiasticus regularis episcopatus Wirceburgensis, ubi dicitur "(...) ibique abiurata fide et ducta uxore primo civium praetorem, dein praefectum in Lautenbach egit (...)".</ref> | | ''Lautenbach'' seu ''Pfützenbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Milzisa]]<ref name="Milzisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BClmisch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der schriftliche Erstbeleg stammt vermutlich von einer im 11. Jh. gefälschten Urkunde, die in das Jahr 786 datiert wird. Hierin wird ein Fluss als ''Milzisa'' genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Mülmisch'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Polava]] | Pöhlbach |''Pöhlbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Casleocanus]]<ref name="Rivus Casleocanus">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Casleocanus-a-um" ad oppidum [[Casleoca]]m refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesseling#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Klosterzelle ''Casleoca'' war (...)".</ref> | | ''Kesselinger Bach'' seu ''Staffeler Bach'' seu ''Blasweiler Bach'' seu ''Auelbach'' seu ''Densbach'' seu ''Heckenbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Weesenensis]]<ref name="Rivus Weesenensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Weesenensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Weesener'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Weesener Bach'' seu ''Lutter'' seu ''Lutterbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | | [[Rottach (Hilaria, Cambodunum)|Rottach Hilariae Cambodunense]]<ref name="Cambodunense">Gentilicium Latinum "Cambodunensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ad [[Cambodunum]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Rottach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Schmerach]] | | ''Schmerach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sconibrunno (Licus, Hohenfurch)|Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis]]<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) ON. Schonach (Schwarzwald971–um 977) iuxta fontem … Sconibrunno, 833 (Kopie Baar-Kreis, B.-W., D), 1275 Schonach, 1326 Schona, 12. Jh.) super fontem … Schonibrunno (...)".</ref> | Schonibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis"/> seu Schonach Lici Hohenfurchensis<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis"/> seu Schona Lici Hohenfurchensis<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis"/> | ''Schönach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sindelbacum (Iages)|Sindelbacum Iagis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Sindelbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Talbacum (Glan)|Talbacum Glanense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Talbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulfe (Suntraha)|Ulfe Suntrahae]] | | ''Ulfe'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Suntraha]]<ref name="Suntraha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Waldaffa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Waldaphen<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Waldaffe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Walluf'' seu ''Wallufbach'' seu ''Waldaffa'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wierau]] | | ''Wierau'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wirsenicz (Alestra)|Wirsenicz Alestrae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wersnicz Alestrae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Würschnitzbach'' seu ''Würschnitz'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Yach (Ambrae)|Yach Ambrae]]<ref name="Yach Ambrae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Yach in Enze influente. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=H%C3%B6fen&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur " (...) 2Eyach, l.z. Enz (...) ad fluvium ... Yach (...)".</ref> | | ''Eyach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Aranbach (Muda)|Aranbach Mudae]]<ref name="Aranbach Mudae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrenbach_(Mud)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Bach wurde 1012 als ''Aranbach'' erstmals schriftlich genannt(...)".</ref> | | ''Ohrenbach'' seu ''Ohrnbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Au Wedelense]]<ref name="Wedelense">Gentilicium Latinum "Wedelensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Wedeler'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Wedeler Au'' seu ''Wedelbeck'' seu ''Wedelbek'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Beber (Ora)|Beber Orae]] | | ''Beber'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Ora (Albis)|Ora Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Birkigsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Birkigsbach'' seu ''Auegraben'' seu ''Näßlichbach'' seu ''Alte Bach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eiderbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Eiderbach'' seu ''Eiderbachgraben'' seu ''Eiterbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Marsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Farnthrapa]]<ref name="Farnthrapa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felderbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 837 ''inter duo flumina ... farnthrapa'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Felderbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Thidela]]<ref name="Thidela"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Nicer, Sulza)|Fluvius Molendinorum Niceri]] [[Sulz am Neckar|Sulzae]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine [[Bauzanum|Bauzanensi]]. De hoc flumine, vide [https://www.schloesslmuehle.com/?page_id=2052 17 Mühlen in Bozen – die Geschichte der heutigen Schlösslmühle], ubi dicitur "(...) Die älteste bekannte urkundliche Nennung des Mühlbaches geschieht um 1180-90 und lautet „fluvius molendinorum“, was wörtlich übersetzt „der Wasserlauf der Mühlen“ oder kurz „Mühlbach“ bedeutet (...)". </ref> | Mühlbach<ref name="Mühlbach">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu, ubi dicitur "(...) Hodie rivus Mühlbach, quem incolae vocant (...)".</ref> | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Geraha (flumen)|Geraha]]<ref name="Geraha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Neckargerach#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Neckargerach wurde im Jahr 976 erstmals als Geraha erwähnt, was eine gebräuchliche Bezeichnung für ein sprudelndes Gewässer war, und gleichermaßen den Ort als auch das ihn durchfließende Gewässer bezeichnete (...)".</ref> | | ''Seebach'' seu ''Gerach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hehlenriede]] | |''Hehlenriede'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Canalis Alarae]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Fluvius Herschbacus|Herschbacus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> | Hergispach<ref name="Hergispach">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herschbach#Geschichte articulum huius oppidi apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Es ist anzunehmen, dass dieses Areal schon früher besiedelt wurde, da in der Engerser Chronik 963 ein Ort namens ''Hergispach'' auftaucht. Der Ortsname entwickelt sich über 1267 ''Herincsbach'' (...)".</ref> seu Herincsbach<ref name="Hergispach"/> | ''Herschbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Rivus Casleocanus]]<ref name="Rivus Casleocanus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Horne (flumen)|Horne]] | | ''Horne'' seu ''Hornebach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kerspe]] | | ''Kerspe'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lierbacum (Reineche)|Lierbacum Reinechense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lierbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Reineche]]<ref name="Reineche"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Luppa Nova]]<ref name="Luppa Nova">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)". Adiectivo "novus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Neu" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Neue Luppe'' seu ''Luppe-Kanal'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Mare (Wiscoz)|Mare Wiscozense]]<ref name="Mare Wiscozense">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Meerbach&f=false Etymologie der Gewässernamen], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Meerbach'' (...) riuum quendam effluentem de Stagno quod vocatur mare, 1250 mari (...)".</ref> | Mari Wiscozense<ref name="Mare Wiscozense"/> | ''Meerbach'' seu ''Schliefenbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Wiscoz]]<ref name="Wiscoz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nesenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Nesenbach'' seu ''Vaihinger Bach'' seu ''Kaltentaler Bach'' seu ''Laisebach'' seu ''Furtbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nevigisa]]<ref name="Nevigisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardenberger_Bach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ursprünglich hieß der Bach ''Neuigisa'' (875) bzw. ''Navigisa'' (10./11. Jh.) (...)".</ref> | Navigisa<ref name="Nevigisa"/> | ''Hardenberger Bach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Thidela]]<ref name="Thidela"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ose (Nethe)|Ose Nethense]]<ref name="Ose Nethense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96se_(Nethe) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) „ab utraque parte fluvii Ose“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Öse'' seu ''Oese'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Owe Occidentale]]<ref name="Westaue"/> | | ''Westaue'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pobelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Pöbelbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Rubrum Bistrice]]<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivulus Liberorum (flumen)|Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> | | ''Freisbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Amsara)|Rivulus Niger Amsarae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Mühlen Bach'' seu ''Preußische Uraufnahme'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Amsara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rota (Duria)|Rota Duriae]]<ref name="Rota Duriae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Roth'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]<ref name="Duria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Slieraha]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/><ref name="Manachfialta"/> | | ''Schlierach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Slitisa (flumen)|Slitisa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Slidese<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Schlitz'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Steinalp]] | | ''Steinalp'' seu ''Steinalb'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Steinhaha (Nicer, Nurtinga)|Steinhaha Niceri]] [[Nurtinga|Nurtingensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Steinaha Niceri Nurtingensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Steinach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tiefenbacum (Nicer, Nurtinga)|Tiefenbacum Niceri]]<ref name="-bacum"/> [[Nurtinga|Nurtingense]] | | ''Tiefenbach'' seu ''Saubach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulmbacum (Kincicha)|Ulmbacum Kincichae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Ulmbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulvina]]<ref name="Ulvina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanzelbach#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Kanzelbach wurde erstmals im Jahre 772 als "Uluina", gesprochen [ˈylviːna], erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Röschbach'' seu ''Altenbach'' seu ''Kanzelbach'' seu ''Kandelbach'' seu ''Ilbe'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ursena Parva]]<ref name="Ursena Parva">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine maiore. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=%C3%96rtze&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch'']. Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kleine'' vertitur.</ref> | Ursene Parvum<ref name="Ursena Parva"/> | ''Kleine Örtze'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Werbe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Werve<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Werbe'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wilzsch]] | | ''Wilzsch'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Allerbeeke]] | | ''Allerbeeke'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aquaeductus (Ovacra)|Aquaeductus Ovacrae]]<ref name="Aquaeductus Ovacrae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abzucht_(Oker)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name leitet sich hierbei vom lat. Wort ''aquaeductus'' ab. So lautet die Ersterwähnung des Flusses im Jahr 1271 ''Agetucht'' (...)".</ref> | Agetucht Ovacrae | ''Abzucht'' seu ''Wintertalbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Banefe]] | Bannefe | ''Banfe'' seu ''Oberster Fischelbach'' seu ''Fischelbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bibara (Schleuse)|Bibara Schleusensis]]<ref name="Bibara Schleusensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://search.ortsnamen.ch/de/record/5029908 ortsnamen.ch], ubi dicitur "(...) et inde sinistrorsum per plateam usque Rammesheim in fluvium Bibara (...)".</ref> | Bibera<ref name="Bibera Schleusensis">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymis e fluviis. De quorum ultimorum nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Biber&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''] (...)".</ref> seu Biberaha<ref name="Bibera Schleusensis"/> | ''Biber'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Schleuse]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Colmnitzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Colmnitzbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Bobritzsch (flumen)|Bobritzsch]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eschbach (Wippera)|Eschbach Wipperae]]<ref name="Eschbach Wipperae">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e hydronymo. Hoc de hydronymo, vide [https://www.geschichte-nieder-eschbach.de/startseite/nieder-eschbacher-chronik/ Heimat- und Geschichtesverein Nieder-Eschbach], ubi dicitur "(...) „Eschbach inferior“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Eschbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eselsbacum (Lutra)|Eselsbacum Lutrae]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Eselsbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Lutra (Glan)|Lutra Glanensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Greifenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Greifenbach'' seu ''Rotes Wasser'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Haselbachium (Saidenbacum)|Haselbachium]]<ref name="Haselbach">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e toponymo. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camena/calam1/calaminusrudolphottocarus.html ''RUDOLPHOTTOCARUS AUSTRIACA TRAGOEDIA GEORGIO CALAMINO SILESIO AUCTORE: ACTUS PRIMUS''], ubi dicitur "(...) et apud Haselbachium (...)".</ref> | | ''Haselbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Saidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hedera (flumen)|Hedera]]<ref name="Hedera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heder#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Heder wird zwischen 836 und 840 erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (''Hedera'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Heder'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iassaffa (Luder)|Iassaffa Luderensis]]<ref name="Iassaffa">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Jossa'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Luder (flumen)|Luder]]<ref name="Luder"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Itre]]<ref name="Itre">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Eder)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''itre riuus'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Itter'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Knochenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wiggenbach'' seu ''Berlebecke'' seu ''Knochenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Krebsbacum (Tyra)|Krebsbacum Tyrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Krebsbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Tyra (flumen)|Tyra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kuhbacum (Itre)|Kuhbacum Itrense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kuhbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Itre]]<ref name="Itre"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lache (Kincicha)|Lache Kincichae]] | | ''Lache'' seu ''Rodenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- |- | [[Lutturu (Hardna)|Lutturu Hardnae]]<ref name="Lutturu Hardnae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Lutter&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Lutteru Hardnae<ref name="Lutturu Hardnae"/> | ''Lutter'' seu ''Bielefelder Lutter'' seu ''Weser-Lutter'' seu ''Lutterbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hardna]]<ref name="Hardna"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Michelsbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mulahgowe]]<ref name="Mulahgowe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maulach_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt 846 im Gaunamen Maulachgau (''Mulahgouue'') erstmals schriftlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Maulach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Musbach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Muosbah<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Můsbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Můsbahc<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Můspach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Mußbach'' seu ''Muschbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Rehbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Otimot]]<ref name="Otimot">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autmut#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ist im 11. Jahrhundert in den Formen „Otimot“ und „Ottmuot“, im 17. Jahrhundert als „Ottnach“ belegt (...)".</ref> | Ottmuot<ref name="Otimot"/> | ''Autmut'' seu ''Autmutbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pfefferfließ]] | | ''Pfefferfließ'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Nieplitz]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Plohnbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Plohnbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Golz]]<ref name="Golz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Antichensis]]<ref name="Rivus Antichensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Antichensis-e" ad oppidum [[Antiche]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Endenicher Bach'' seu ''Katzenlochbach'' seu ''Lengsdorfer Bach'' seu ''Villiper Bach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hardtbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Hachinger]]<ref name="Rivus">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Hachinger Bach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hüllgraben]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Hartmanstorphensis]]<ref name="Rivus Hartmanstorphensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Brunhiemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Hartmanstorph]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fhartmannsdorf#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung erfolgte 1368 als Hartmanstorph (...)".</ref> | | ''Großhartmannsdorfer Bach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Sitzenrodaensis|Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis]]<ref name="Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Sitzenrodaer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Sitzenrodaer Bach'' seu ''Neumühlbach'' seu ''Neumühlbach'' seu ''Neumühlbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Heidebacum (Fossa Nigra)|Heidebacum Fossae Nigrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sandbacum (Presnitz)|Sandbacun Presnitzense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Sandbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Presnitz (flumen)|Presnitz]]<ref name="Presnitz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schwarzenbacum (Naba silvatica)|Schwarzenbacum Nabae Silvaticae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Schwarzenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Schweizerbacum (Remisus, Oenopolis)|Schweizerbacum Remisi]]<ref name="-bacum"/> [[Oenopolis|Oenopolitanum]]<ref>Vide [https://forum.ahnenforschung.net/forum/allgemeine-diskussionsforen/begriffserkl-rung-wortbedeutung-und-abk-rzungen/2932224-begriff-oenopoli-scabini ''forum.ahnenforschung.net''], ubi dicitur "(...) Ein scabinus war in etwa ein Ratsherr, und Oenopolis ist "Weinstadt" (...)".</ref> | | ''Schweizerbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Gädheim)|Seebach Gädheimense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Starzel (Prime)|Starzel Primensis]]<ref name="Starzel Primensis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Ultimo cui, vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt], ubi dicitur "(...) ad sinistram ripam Starzel rivi (...) Starzell diversorium in colle, ad rivulum in Wanpach fluentem (...)".</ref> | Starzell Primense<ref name="Starzel Primensis"/> | ''Starzel'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Prime]]<ref name="Prime"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Trebnitium]]<ref name="Trebnitium">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Trebenezi<ref name="Trebnitium"/> seu Trebniczya<ref name="Trebnitium"/> seu Trebniczensis<ref name="Trebnitium"/> | ''Trebnitz'' seu ''Trebnitzbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Mohelnice]]<ref name="Mohelnice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Westerbacum (Hasalana)|Westerbacum Hasalanae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | ''Westerbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hasalaha (Mintela)|Hasalana Mintelae]]<ref name="Hasalaha Mintelae"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wetuffa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wettiffa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wetfa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wetfhe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wetfe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wettfe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wetzbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wildebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wildebach'' seu ''Wildenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Helre]]<ref name="Helre"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wirftbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wirftbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Trierbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zimmerbacum (Starzel)|Zimmerbacum Starzelense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Zimmerbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Starzel (Nicer)|Starzel Niceri]]<ref name="Starzel Niceri"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aqua Cunewaldensis]]<ref name="Aqua Cunewaldensis">Substantivum "Aqua-ae" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Wasser'' vertit et gentilicium "Cunewaldensis-e" ad oppidum [[Cunewalde]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunewalde#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Als Lokator der neuen Ansiedlung wird ein gewisser Henricus de Cunewalde angesehen, (...)".</ref> | | ''Cunewalder Wasser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bewer]] | | ''Bewer'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Ilmede]]<ref name="Ilmede"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Biverna (Visurgis)|Biverna Visurgis]]<ref name="Biverna">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Beverna Visurgis<ref name="Biverna"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Buhlertalbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Bühlertalbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Drusel]] | | ''Drusel'' seu ''Kleine Fulda'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gablenzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gablenzbach'' seu ''Stollberger Wasser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Wirsenicz (Caminizi rivus)|Wirsenicz Caminizi rivi]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Grimmbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Grimmbach'' seu ''Steinach'' seu ''Grümbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Haldenbacum (Remisus, Endersbacum)|Haldenbacum Remisi Endersbachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Endersbacense">Gentilicium "Endersbacensis-e" ad oppidum [[Endersbacum]] (Theodisce ''Endersbach'') refertur.</ref> | | ''Haldenbach'' seu ''Stettener Bach'' seu ''Alter Bach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Helmbacum (Spira)|Helmbacum Spirae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Helmbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Swarza Bavarica)|Huttenbacum Swarzae Bavaricae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Swarza Bavarica]]<ref name="Swarza Bavarica"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Kampfelbacum (flumen)|Kampfelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kämpfelbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Phunzin]]<ref name="Phunzin"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lohrbacum (Awinpach)|Lohrbacum Awinpachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lohrbach'' seu ''Heinrichsthaler Lohr'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Awinpach (Lara)|Awinpach Larae]]<ref name="Awinpach Larae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mühlenwasser]] | | ''Mühlenwasser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Erpe (Tuistina)|Erpe]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nebelbeeke]] | | ''Nebelbeeke'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Warme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Orbaha]]<ref name="Orbaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_(Kinzig)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wird 1059 als ''Orbaha'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Orb'' seu ''Aubach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pyra Magna]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Große Pyra'' seu ''Große Bühra'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Raodhaha (Lein, Voggenberger Sägmühle)|Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle]]<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Rotaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle"/> seu Rota Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle"/> | ''Rot'' seu ''Kaiserbacher Rot'' seu ''Mosbach'' seu ''Schwarze Rot'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Brunheimensis Alfterensis]]<ref name="Rivus Brunheimensis Alfterensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Brunhiemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Brumheim]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bornheim_(Rheinland)#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich wird der Hauptort Bornheim als „Brunheim“ im Bonngau, in der Grafschaft des Grafen Ehrenfried, erstmals am 2. August 945 genannt (...)". Denique, Gentilicium Latinum "Alfterensis-e" Theodiscum ''Alfterer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Alfterer Bornheimer Bach'' seu ''Mirbach'' seu ''Görresbach'' seu ''Roisdorfer'' seu ''Bornheimer Bach'' seu ''Mühlenbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Mielenheimensis]]<ref name="Rivus Mielenheimensis]]">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Mielenheimensis-e" ad oppidum [[Mielenheim]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehlem#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich wird Mehlem erstmals im April 804 als ''Mielenheim'' genannt, wo dem Bonner Cassiusstift ein Weingut geschenkt wird (...)".</ref> | | ''Mehlemer Bach'' seu ''Eichenackersbach'' seu ''Kernbach'' seu ''Züllighovener Bach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schaafbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Schaafbach'' seu '' Schafbach'' seu ''Ahrmühle'' seu ''Eichholzbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schweizerbacum (Remisus, Laurissa)|Schweizerbacum Remisi]]<ref name="-bacum"/> [[Lorch (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Laurissae]] | | ''Schweizerbach'' seu ''Wettenbach'' seu ''Mutlanger Haselbach'' seu ''Haselbach'' seu ''Tannbach'' seu ''Waldauer Bach'' seu ''Alfdorfer Haselbach'' seu ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinisbach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Siesbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Solisbacum (Moenus)|Solisbacum Moeni]]<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Sultzbacum Moeni<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni"/> seu Zulsbacum Moeni<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni"/> seu Zultzbacum Moeni<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni"/> | ''Sulzbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sorbitz]] | | ''Sorbitz'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Speltach]] | | ''Speltach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sperrlutter]] | | ''Sperrlutter'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Threne]] | | ''Threne'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Parda (flumen)|Parda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ulfe (Fuldaha)|Ulfe Fuldahae]] | | ''Ulfe'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vesser (flumen)|Vesser]] | | ''Vesser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Breitenbacum (Erle)|Breitenbacum Erlense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vischelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Vischelbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vulle]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Fulde'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Waldbacum (Gabelbacum)|Waldbacum Gabelbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Waldbach'' seu ''Mangelsbach'' seu ''Wattbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Gabelbacum (Muda)|Gabelbacum Mudae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Walse]] | | ''Walse'' seu ''Sählenbach'' seu ''Beek'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Weggentalbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Weggentalbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zschampert]] | | ''Zschampert'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Luppa Vetus|Luppa Vetus]]<ref name="Alte Luppe">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)". Adiectivo "vetus veteris" Theodiscum adiectivum "Alte" vertitur.</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aalenbacum (Bilerna)|Aalenbacum Bilernae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Aalenbach'' seu ''Äulesbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biverna (Wippera)|Biverna Wippera]]<ref name="Biverna">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Beverna Wipperae<ref name="Biverna"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brunau (Ursena)|Brunau Ursenae]] | | ''Brunau'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dreisbacum (Ara)|Dreisbacum Arae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dreisbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dammbacum (Elsava)|Dammbacum Elsavae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dammbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Elsava]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dusebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dusebach'' seu ''Duse'' seu ''Dause'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Mühlenwasser]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fischbacum (Gaspentia)|Fischbacum Gaspentiae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Fischbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Gaspentia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Griessebacum (flumen)|Griessebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Grießebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Humme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gronach]] | | ''Gronach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hadoluespach]]<ref name="Hadoluespach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halsbach_(Alz) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Ort Halsbach wird ca. 790 als ''Hadoluespach'' erstmals urkundlich genannt. (...)".</ref> | | ''Halsbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Alzus]]<ref name="Alzus"> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hetzbacum (Flöha)|Hetzbacum Flöhae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hetzbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kappelbacum (Zurrega)|Kappelbacum Zurregae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kappelbach'' seu ''Hardtbach'' seu ''Krebsbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lossnitzbacum (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Lossnitzbacum Muldae Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lößnitzbach'' seu ''Affalterbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Mooslauter]] | | ''Mooslauter'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Lutra (Glan)|Lutra Glanensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mordgrundbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Slatina | ''Mordgrundbach'' seu ''Mordgrund'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Bahra (Gotlaviae)|Bahra Gotlaviae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Olepe]]<ref name="Olepe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olpe_(Bigge)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name tritt als ''Olepe'' 1120 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Olpe'' seu ''Altenkleusheimer Bach'' seu ''Olpebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Bigge]]<ref name="Bigge"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rigenbach (Zahme Gera)|Rigenbach Zahmegerense]]<ref name="Rigenbach"/> | Richenbach Zahmegerense<ref name="Rigenbach"/> | ''Reichenbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Zahme Gera]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Belehemensis]]<ref name="Rivus Belehemensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Belehemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Belehem]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belm#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Später wurde daraus Belehm (1224), dann Belham (1483)[23] und am Ende Belm. Im Jahre 1853 schlossen sich die Bauerschaften zur Samtgemeinde Belm zusammen (...)".</ref> | | ''Belmer Bach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivus Berwangensis]]<ref name="Rivus Berwangensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Belehemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Berwangen]] refertur. Ultimo huic gentilicium, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_die_Geschichte_des_Oberrheins._Bd._038%2C_1885_%28IA_zeitschriftfurdi3818unse%29.pdf Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins], ubi dicitur "(...) Georgius Fridericus Taub, Berwangensis (...)".</ref> | | ''Berwanger Bach'' seu ''Feldgraben'' seu ''Birkenbach'' seu ''Alte Bach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Rivus Henrici">Fingitur hydronymum hoc ex informatione de [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrichsbach_(Wachenbach) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Heinrichsbach ist wohl so benannt, weil Kaiser Heinrich IV. einige Zeit in der Umgebung lebte (...)".</ref> | | ''Heinrichswasser'' seu ''Heinrichsbach'' seu ''Cunerichswasser'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Wachenbacum (Lara)|Wachenbacum Larae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rissbacum (Iages)|Rissbacum Iagis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rißbach'' seu ''Hollenbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotelbacum (Iages)|Rotelbacum Iagis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rötelbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rubrum Packaw]]<ref name="Rubrum Packaw">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Pockau#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erstmalige Erwähnung des Ortes erfolgte im Jahre 1365 als „Packaw“ (...)". Adiectivo "rubrum" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Rote'' vertitur.</ref> | | ''Rote Pockau'' seu ''Halbmeilenbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Nigrum Packaw]]<ref name="Nigrum Packaw"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schlema (flumen)|Schlema]] | | ''Schlema'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schobse]] | | ''Schobse'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Wohlrose]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Onestrudis)|Seebacum Onestrudis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Rhenus)|Seebacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Suropo (Lena)|Suropo Lenae]]<ref name="Suropo">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo toponymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Obersorpe, Mittelsorpe, Niedersorpe (Stadt Schmallenberg), 1072, 1101–31 Suropo, 1122 Sorbece, 1281–1313, 14. Jh. Sorpe, 14. Jh. Sorp superior, Sorp inferior (...)".</ref> | Sorbece Lenae<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorpe Lenae<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorp Lenae<ref name="Suropo"/> | ''Sorpe'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tonna (flumen)|Tonna]] | | ''Tonna'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ulsna|Ůlsna]]<ref name="Ulsna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oelze_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird erstmals in einer Urkunde aus dem Jahre 1229 unter dem Namen Ůlsna erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Oelze'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Waldbacum (Fossa Terrestris)|Waldbacum Fossae Terrestris]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Waldbach'' | align="right" | 10 | Fossa Terrestris<ref name="Landgraben">Substantivum "Fossa-ae" Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et adiectivum Latinum "terrestris-e" Theodiscum praefixum ''Land-'' vertit.</ref> | ? |} ===Flumina 9 et 5 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 9 et 5 chiliometra longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Elera (Ruma)|Elera Rumae]]<ref name="Elera Rumae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Elerā in Net influente. De quo ultimo homonymo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Elera&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | Elra Rumae<ref name="Elera Rumae"/> |''Eller'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Finkenbacum (Hombacum)|Finkenbacum Hombacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Finkenbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Hombacum (Othmunda)|Hombacum Othmundae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grana (flumen)|Grana]]<ref name="Granae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grane_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt in seinen ersten urkundlichen Erwähnungen des 12. Jahrhunderts als ''Grana'' in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Grane'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Linkenbacum (Aisca)|Linkenbacum Aiscae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Linkenbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Aisca]]e<ref name="Aisca"/> fossa inundatibilis | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Loufaha]] | Louffa | ''Laufach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Ascafa]]<ref name="Ascafa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Saletio)|Fluvius Molendinorum Saletionis]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum"/> | Mühlbach Saletionis<ref name="Mühlbach">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu, ubi dicitur "(...) Hodie rivus Mühlbach, quem incolae vocant (...)".</ref> | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Breitenbrunnensis]]<ref name="Rivus Breitenbrunnensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum "Breitenbrunnensis-e" Theodiscum ''Breitenbrunner'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Breitenbrunner Bach'' seu ''Spitzerbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Rosenbacum (Filisa)|Rosenbacum Filisae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Eschbach (Nida)|Eschbach Nidae]]<ref name="Eschbach Nidae">Vide [https://www.geschichte-nieder-eschbach.de/startseite/nieder-eschbacher-chronik/ Heimat- und Geschichtesverein Nieder-Eschbach], ubi dicitur "(...) „Eschbach inferior“ (...)".</ref> | |''Eschbach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gabelbacum (Muda)|Gabelbacum Mudae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gabelbach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Grunnelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Grunnelbach'' seu ''Grunnel-Bach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rechtenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rechtenbach'' seu ''Kaibach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rohrbacum (Dürnach)|Rohrbacum Dürnachense]]<ref name="Rohrbacum Dürnachense">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Rohrbach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Dürnach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sinse]]<ref name="Sinse">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e lacū. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Sims&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) prope lacum Sinse (...)".</ref> | | ''Sims'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Aha Rordorfensis]]<ref name="Aha Rordorfensis"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Swelmenaha]]<ref name="Swelmenaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwelme hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ''Schwelme'' geht auf „Swelma auch Swelmna“ zurück. Aber auch vorher wurde der Name schon umgebildet, denn es hieß ursprünglich „Swelmenaha“ (...)".</ref> | Swelma<ref name="Swelmenaha"/> seu Swelmna<ref name="Swelmenaha"/> | ''Schwelme'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Beberbacum (Schuntra)|Beberbacum Schuntrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Beberbach'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Schuntra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Flotide (flumen)|Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Flöthe|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B6the#Geschichte articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Alte Bezeichnungen des Ortes sind 780–802 Flathi</ref> seu Flatide<ref name="Flotide"/> seu Flothethe<ref name="Flotide"/> seu Vlothe<ref name="Flotide"/> seu Flotethe<ref name="Flotide"/> | Flathi''' seu '''Flatide''' seu '''Flothethe''' seu '''Vlothe''' seu '''Flotethe''' | ''Flöthe'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Seebacum (Erlenbacum)|Seebacum Erlenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Erlenbacum Bieringenense|Erlenbacum Bieringenense]]<ref name="Erlenbach"/><ref name="Bieringen"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Usa)|Seebacum Usae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Usa (Weteraha)|Usa]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wublitz]] | | ''Wublitz'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Brombacum (Nemaninga)|Brombacum Nemaningae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Nemaninga]]<ref name="Mümling">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCmling#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Römer nannten den Fluss ''Nemaninga'' (...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung als ''Mimilingum'' war im Jahre 741, die folgenden Schreibweisen sind dann 798 ''Mimelinga'' und ''Mimininga'', 819 ''Mimilingum'' und ''Mimelingen'', 1012 ''Minimingaha'' (...)".</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Goldbacum (Saletio)|Goldbacum Saletionis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Goldbach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Grenzau (Suale)|Grenzau Sualense]] | | ''Grenzau'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Suale]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kapellenbacum (Wizmoin)|Kapellenbacum Wizmoinense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kapellenbach'' seu ''Kapellenbek'' seu ''Spannbek'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Wizmoin]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Meizenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Meizenbach'' seu ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Rotach (Werenza)|Rotach Werenzae]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nahrenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Nährenbach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivus Geesensis|Rivus Geësensis]]<ref name="Rivus Geësensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum "Geësensis-e" Theodiscum ''Geeser'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Geeser Bach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Kila]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salzaha (Helmana)|Salzaha Helmanae]]<ref name="Salzaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis toponymis Theodisce ''Salza''. De his ultimis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Salsa Helmanae | ''Salza'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Hene)|Seebacum Henense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Hene]]<ref name="Hene"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Swartzpach (Mittweida Magna)|Swartzpach Mittweidae Magnae]]<ref name="Swartzpach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzbach_(Gro%C3%9Fe_Mittweida)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss trägt denselben Namen wie die erstmals 1240 urkundlich als „Swartzpach“ erwähnte Siedlung (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Mittweida Magna]]<ref name="Mittweida Magna"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Weysluthera]]<ref name="Weysluthera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westerbach_(Kahl)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche Gewässername ''Western'' (um 1282 ''Weysluthera'' genannt) (...)".</ref> | ''Westerbach'' seu ''Westernbach'' seu ''Westernkahl'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Calde (flumen)|Calde]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gelbeke]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Gelenbeke<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Ghelenbeke<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Gelmke'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Aquaeductus (Ovacra)|Aquaeductus Ovacrae]]<ref name="Aquaeductus Ovacrae"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutra (Remisus)|Lutra Remisi]]<ref name="Lutra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Lauter'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Isana)|Seebacum Isanae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Isana (Aenus)|Isana Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Ohe Magnum)|Seebacum Ohis Magni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Ohe Magnum]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Sala)|Seebacum Salae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]<ref name="Saalach"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Westerbacum (Flotide)|Westerbacum Flotidense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | ''Westerbach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Flotide (flumen)|Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ziegelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Ziegelbach'' seu ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |} ===Flumina 4 chiliometra aut minus longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 4 chiliometra aut minus longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Brombacum (Finkenbacum)|Brombacum Finkenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Finkenbacum (Laxbacum)|Finkenbacum Laxbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Buchbacum (Speltach)|Buchbacum Speltachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Buchbach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Speltach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Himmelsbacum (Wiese)|Himmelsbacum Wiesense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Himmelsbach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Wiese (flumen)|Wiese]]<ref name="Wiese"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hofbacum (Rivulus Liberorum)|Hofbacum Rivuli Liberorum]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Nietzschmann 2013"/> | | ''Hofbach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Rivulus Liberorum (flumen)|Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra Alba|Lutra Alba]]<ref name="Lutra Alba">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivum Latinum "albus-a-um" Theodiscum ''Weiße'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Weiße Lauter'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Patra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Patris<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Pathera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padhera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padhre<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padre<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Pader'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Asbachensis]]<ref name="Rivus Asbachensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum "Asbachensis-e" Theodiscum ''Asbacher'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Asbacher Bach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Longna]]<ref name="Longna"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Isara)|Seebacum Isarae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Loufaha)|Seebacum Loufahae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Loufaha]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Steinlach)|Seebacum Steinlachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Steinlach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]<ref name="Billbach">Vide [https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/ActaSanctorum/17.August.html Acta Sanctorum der Bollandisten], ubi dicitur "(...) Locum ipsum duo rivi, unus a meridie, ab incolis '''Muda (die Mud)''' alter ab oriente, vulgo '''Billbach''' dictus, præterfluunt (...)".</ref> | | ''Billbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- [[Brombacum (Hemisa)|Brombacum Hemisae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Hemisa]]<ref name="Hemisa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Echtbacum (Aalenbacum)|Echtbacum Aalenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Echtbach'' seu ''Hilpertsklingenbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Aalenbacum (Bilerna)|Aalenbacum Bilernae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erlenbacum (Chinzechun)|Erlenbacum Chinzechunense]]<ref name="Erlenbach"/> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Seebacum)|Huttenbacum Seebacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Seebacum (Hene)|Seebacum Henense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kapellenbacum (Bünzau)|Kapellenbacum Bünzauense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kapellenbach'' seu ''Kapellenbek'' seu ''Spannbek'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Bünzau]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lachsbacum (Albis)|Lachsbacum Albis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lachsbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Rezat)|Seebacum Rezatense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Rezat]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Liubasa)|Fluvius Molendinorum Liubasae]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum"/> | | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Liubasa]]<ref name="Liubasa"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hosewasch]] | Hoswaschbacum<ref name="-bacum"/> seu Hosewaschbacum<ref name="-bacum"/> | ''Hosewasch'' seu ''Hoswaschbach'' seu ''Hosewaschbach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]<ref name="Saalach"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lutra Nigra]]<ref name="Lutra Nigra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivum Latinum "niger nigra nigrum" Theodiscum ''Schwarze'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Schwarze Lauter'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Buchbacum)|Seebacum Buchbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Buchbacum (Speltach)|Buchbacum Speltachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Murga)|Seebacum Murgae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]<ref name="Murga NB"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biske]] | | ''Biske'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Elera (Net)|Elera Netensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Braunsel]] | | ''Braunsel'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bründelgraben]] | | ''Bründelgraben'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Scutara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Alcmana)|Fluvius Molendinorum Alcmanae]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum"/> | | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Himmelsbacum)|Huttenbacum Himmelsbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Himmelsbacum (Wiese)|Himmelsbacum Wiesense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kesselbacum (Aach Zwiveltense)|Kesselbacum in Aach Zwiveltense]] | | ''Kesselbach'' seu ''Kessel Aach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Aach Zwiveltense]]<ref name="AZ"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Laxbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Laxbach'' seu ''Lachsbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Echtbacum)|Seebacum Echtbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Echtbacum (Aalenbacum)|Echtbacum Aalenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Urspring]] | | ''Urspring'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Ach (Blavius)|Ach Blavii]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Weihermuhlbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Weihermühlbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Pfeffer (rivus)|Pfeffer]] | | ''Pfeffer'' | align="right" | 0.5 | [[Brancia (flumen)|Brancia]]<ref name="Brancia"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Brunnbacensis (Nicer)|Brunnbacensis Niceri]]<ref name="Brunnbacensis">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e monasterio. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pockau#Geschichte articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae de huius monasterii oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) (lateinisch ''Monasterium Brunnbacensis'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Bronnbach'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kapellenbacum (Alcmana)|Kapellenbacum Alcmanae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kapellenbach'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus de Tosingen]]<ref name="Rivus de Tosingen">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et [[Syntagma (grammaticum)|syntagma]] "de Tosingen" ad oppidum [[Tosingen]] refertur. Ultimo huic gentilicium, vide [[:de:Deising (Riedenburg)|articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Auftreten eines Ortsadels lässt sich mit dem zwischen 1147 und 1160 auftretenden „Ainwic de Tosingen“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Deisinger Bach'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Springe (rivus)|Springe]] | | ''Springe'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Smiehe Parvum]]<ref name="Smiehe Parvum">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Schmiech, die, l.z. Donau, entspringt oberhalb von Springen (Gundershofen, Stadt Schelklingen, AlbDonau-Kreis, B.-W., D) aus einer ergiebigen Karstquelle, mündet südlich von Ehingen (Alb-DonauKreis). – 1298 fluvium … Smiehe (...)". Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |} ===Flumina adhuc ignotā cum longitudine=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina adhuc ignotā cum longitudine: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Brombacum (Hofbacum)|Brombacum Hofbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Hofbacum (Rivulus Liberorum)|Hofbacum Rivuli Liberorum]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Nietzschmann 2013"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Nagalda)|Brombacum Nagaldae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Rota)|Brombacum Rotae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Brombacum (Rura)|Brombacum Rurae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Sinisbach)|Brombacum Sinisbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Sinisbach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Wiscoz)|Brombacum Wiscozense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Wiscoz]]<ref name="Wiscoz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brumbacum (Wippera)|Brumbacum Wipperae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brumbach'' seu ''Brombach'' | [[Wippera (Sala)|Wippera Salae]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Grenzau (Arle)|Grenzau Arlense]] | | ''Grenzau'' | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Imme]] | | ''Imme'' | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Ruhland)|Nigra Aqua Ruhlandensis]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Ruhlandensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)". Gentilicium "Ruhlandensis-e" Theodiscum ''Ruhlander'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Ruhlander Schwarzwasser'' | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Olbe]] | | ''Olbe'' | [[Beber (Ora)|Beber Orae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Gohhusia)|Rivulus Niger Gohhusiae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger Gohhusiae">Theodisca vox ''Schwarzbach'' in Latinam "Rivulus Niger" verti solet. V.gr. vide: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C., auctoribus (1730). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi''. [[Altenburgum in Misnia|Altenburgi]]: Richter. De toponymo "Gohhusia", vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCchsen#Geschichtearticulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wurde der Ort unter dem Namen ''Gohhusia'' im Jahr 758 erwähnt (...)"</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | ? | ? |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Mulda)|Rivulus Niger Muldae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Rotbacum)|Rivulus Niger Rotbacensis]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger">Theodisca vox ''Schwarzbach'' in Latinam "Rivulus Niger" verti solet. V.gr. vide: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C., auctoribus (1730). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi''. [[Altenburgum in Misnia|Altenburgi]]: Richter.</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | [[Rotbacum (Rhenus)|Rotbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Struga (flumen)|Struga]] | | ''Struga'' | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Veerde]] | | ''Veerde'' | ? | ? |- | [[Weißer Schöps]] | | ''Weißer Schöps'' | [[Schwarzer Schöps]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae| ]] [[Categoria:Indices fluminum|Germania]] iaqta88rntm1eutrmhecy0l314ulwfp 0 5255 3959230 3958546 2026-05-12T08:26:06Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 /* Urbes principales */ 3959230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} {{videdis|Israël (discretiva)}} {{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}} '''Civitas Israël'''<ref>{{citation |url=http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2005/nuntii/eph61/index.php |title=De Colonis Hebraeis e Gaza Expulsis |work=Ephemeris (Fasc. 61) |publisher=Ephemeris |year=[[2005]] |accessdate=[[11 Novembris]] [[2015]]}}.</ref> ([[Hebraice]] ''מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל'' ''Medīnat Yisrā'el'' ; [[Arabice]] دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل ''Dawlat Isrāʼīl''), breviter '''Israël,'''<ref>"Israël -is, ''m.''": {{Egger DL|35}}.</ref> est [[respublica parlamentaria]] in [[Medius Oriens|Medio Oriente]] sub [[Mare Mediterraneum|Maris Mediterranei]] [[litus|litore]] sita, diversarum intra parvam suam [[area (geometria)|aream]] [[geographia|geographicarum]] proprietatum. A [[septentrio]]nibus [[Libanus|Libanum]] et [[Syria|Syriam]] attingit, ab [[oriens|oriente]] [[Iordania|Iordaniam]] et [[Ripa Occidentalis|Ripam Occidentalem]], a meridie [[Aegyptus|Aegyptum]] et [[Sector Gazensis|Sectorem Gazensem]]. est.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/is.html |title=Israël |work=CIA Factbook |publisher=CIA |accessdate=[[13 Aprilis]] [[2010]]}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Skolnik|2007|pp=132–232}}.</ref> Suis [[lex|legibus]] definitus "[[Civitas Iudaica et Democratica]]", Israël est sola in [[tellus|orbe terrarum]] civitas ubi [[Iudaeus|Iudaei]] aliis [[gens|gentibus]] praevalent.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&year=2007&country=7199 |work=Country Report |title=Israël |publisher=[[Freedom House]] |year=[[2007]] |accessdate=[[15 Iulii]] [[2007]]}}.</ref> == Linguae == Solum [[lingua Hebraica]] est [[lingua publica]]; [[incola]]e autem Hebraica, [[lingua Arabica|Arabica]], aliisque [[lingua|linguis]] late utuntur. Non pauci inter sese [[Lingua Russica|Russice]], nonnulli etiam [[lingua Iudaeogermanica]] loquuntur, et [[puer]]i [[puella]]eque [[lingua Anglica|linguam Anglicam]] in [[schola|scholis]] discunt. == Religiones == * Ex Iudaeis consistit 76%; * Ex [[Musulmanus|Musulmanis]] ([[Druzi]]s inclusis) 18%; * Ex [[Christiani|Christianis]] 2%. ==Fabula in Bibliis Sacris == Iudaei eam terram, quam nunc Israel appellant, sibi ab [[deus|deo]] suo datam esse (Liber Iosue 1, 1-5) arbitrantur. Est enim in [[Biblia Sacra|Bibliis Sacris]]: <blockquote>Et factum est, ut post mortem Moysi servi Domini loqueretur Dominus ad Iosue filium Nun ministrum Moysi et diceret ei: "Moyses servus meus mortuus est; nunc igitur surge et transi Iordanem istum, tu et omnis populus iste, in terram, quam ego dabo filiis Israël. Omnem locum, quem calcaverit vestigium pedis vestri, vobis tradidi, sicut locutus sum Moysi. A deserto et Libano isto usque ad fluvium magnum [[Euphrates|Euphraten]], omnis terra Hetthaeorum usque ad mare Magnum contra solis occasum erit terminus vester."</blockquote> == Historia == === Antiquitus === [[Fasciculus:Bat Zion I want your Old New Land join Jewish regiment.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Stella David]]is, [[signum]] Iudaismi post [[Medium Aevum]].]] [[Fasciculus:Herzl-balcony.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Theodorus Herzl]], [[Sionismus|Sionismi]] fautor maximus (anno 1901).]] [[Fasciculus:UN Partition Plan For Palestine 1947.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Divisio [[Palaestina]]e a [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociatione Nationum]] anno [[1947]] proposita.]] Anno [[586 a.C.n.]], cum [[Nabuchodonosor II]] rex [[Babylon|Babylonis]], terram Iudaeam expugnavisset et [[Templum Salomonicum]] evertisset, Babylonii septuaginta annos in eam terram regnaverunt, sed cum anno [[533 a.C.n.]] [[Cyrus II (rex Persarum)|Cyrus II]] cum [[exercitus|exercitu]] superavisset, Persae ab anno [[533 a.C.n.]] ad [[332 a.C.n.]] regnaverunt. Anno [[332 a.C.n.]], [[Alexander Magnus]] [[regio]]nem superavit.<!-- eam partem rescribere decet --> Duobus bellis cum [[Imperium Romanum|Romanis]] (annis [[70]] et [[135]]) gestis et praecipue [[templum|templo]] [[Hierosolyma|Hierosolymorum]] ab imperatore [[Titus (imperator)|Tito]] (anno 70) diruto, magna Iudaeorum pars ex Israël fugit. Anno [[135]], post secundum excidium, Romani Hierosolyma restituerunt, novoque nomine appellaverunt [[Aelia Capitolina|Aeliam Capitolinam]]. === Recentioribus temporibus === Iam anno [[1917]], [[Arthurus Balfour]] [[Scotia|Scoticus]] suasit, ut Iudaei in [[Palaestina]]m redirent et quamprimum [[primum bellum mundanum|priori bello mundano]] fini imposito [[Imperium Ottomanicum]], quod antea [[Palaestina]]m tenuerat, ruissent. Post [[secundum bellum mundanum]] et Iudaeorum in Europa [[Soa|persecutionem]], [[1947]] anno [[29 Novembris|29 die Novembris]], [[Consociatio Nationum]] Palaestinam proposuerunt inter Iudaeos et [[Arabi|Arabes]] distribuendam. Die [[14 Maii]] [[1948]], civitas Israël rite condita est. Quamquam iuxta resolutionem, qua civitas creata erat, urbs Hierosolyma nec ab Iudeis nec Arabis, sed [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regno]] regenda esset, tamen [[1950]] anno, Israël [[caput (urbs)|caput]] suum Hierosolyma declaravit. Principio civitati [[superficies]] 14 000 km² erat. 1948 et [[1967]] vero annis, ager 8000 km² ulterius expugnatus est et usquedum retinetur. Quam enim terram colonis adductis Israël sibi vindicare molitur. Anno [[1967]], Israël [[Bellum Sex Dierum|Bello Sex Dierum]] [[Ripa Occidentalis|ripam occidentalem]] [[Iordanes|Iordanis]] occupans intra Palaestinorum fines [[colonia]]s condidit. Quo ex bello [[contentio Arabo-Israëlitica]], scilicet dissensio inter Israël, Palaestinenses, Arabes, orta est. Anno [[1973]], [[Dies Expiationis|expiationis die]], quae Iudaeis sanctissima est, et Aegyptus et Syria Israële oppugnato, a terra propulsati sunt. Qua victoria Aegyptus coacta est, ut Israëlem civitatem iure agnoscerent. == Urbes principales == {{div col|2}} * [[Accho]] (sive ''Ace, Ptolemais Phoeniciae'') *[[Ascalon]] * [[Berosaba]]<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=beersheba-geo Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854)].</ref> (sive ''Bersabee''<ref>In [[Vulgata]].</ref>, sive ''Bersabea''<ref>[https://books.google.be/books?redir_esc=y&hl=de&id=Xv83AQAAMAAJ&q=Bersabeam#v=snippet&q=Bersabeam&f=false Scripturae Sacrae cursus completus].</ref>) * [[Hadera]] * [[Hepha]] (sive ''Sycaminus'') * [[Hierosolyma]] (sive Ierusalem) * [[Ioppa]] * [[Lydia]] (sive ''Lod'') * [[Nazareth]] * [[Petah Tiqwa]] * [[Ramatgan]] * [[Ramla]] * [[Rison Lezion]] * [[Rooboth]]<ref>Urbs Idumaeae antiqua. v. [[Hieronymus|S. Hieronymi]] [https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Oeuvres_complètes_de_S_Jérôme/EQEjga23aG8C?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=Rooboth&pg=PA490&printsec=frontcover De situ et nominibus locorum Hebraicorum].</ref> * [[Sephath]]<ref>Iud. 1.17.</ref> * [[Telavivum]] (sive Vernicollis; confer ''Acervus novarum frugum'') * [[Tiberias]] {{div col end}} {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * "[[A flumine ad mare]]" * [[Ascalon (urbs antiqua)]] * [[Hatikvah]], [[hymnus nationalis]] * [[Hermon]], [[mons]] altissimus * [[Historia Israelis et Iudae, regnorum antiquorum]] * [[Iesus]] Nazarenus * [[Index urbium Israëliticarum]] * [[Iudaea (regio)]] * [[Netafim]], negotium rusticum * [[Ohalo II]], situs archaeologicus * [[Paradoxum Israeliticum]] * [[Territorialismus Iudaeus]] * [[Titus (imperator)|Titus]], [[imperator Romanus]] {{div col end}} == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{citation|title=Israël's Quest for Recognition and Acceptance in Asia: Garrison State Diplomacy|last=Abadi|first=Jacob|isbn=0-7146-5576-7|publisher=Routledge|year=2004}} * {{citation|title=The Book of Jewish Knowledge|last=Ausubel|first=Natan|publisher=Crown Publishers|location=Novi Eboraci|year=1964|isbn=0-517-09746-X}} * {{citation|title=The Original Story: God, Israël and the World|last=Barton|first=John|last2=Bowden|first2=Julie |isbn=0-8028-2900-7|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|year=2004}} * {{citation|title=Wars, Internal Conflicts, and Political Order: A Jewish Democracy in the Middle East|last=Barzilai|first=Gad|isbn=0-7914-2943-1|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=1996}} * {{citation|title=The Attorney General and the State Prosecutor-Is Institutional Separation Warrented?|last=Barzilai|first=Gad|publisher=The Israël Democracy Institute|year=2010}} * {{Citation |title=A History of the Jewish People |last=Ben-Sasson |first=Hayim |year=1985 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-39731-6}} * {{citation|title=International History of the Twentieth Century|last=Best|first=Anthony|isbn=0-415-20739-8|year=2003|publisher=Routledge}} * {{citation|title=A History of Israël|last=Bregman|first=Ahron|isbn=0-333-67631-9|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2002}} * {{citation|title=World Music: The Rough Guide|last=Broughton|first=Simon|last2=Ellingham|first2=Mark|last3=Trillo|first3=Richard|isbn=1-85828-635-2|publisher=Rough Guides|year=1999}} * {{citation|title=Holocaust City: The Making of a Jewish Ghetto|last=Cole|first=Tim|isbn=0-415-92968-7|year=[[2003]]|publisher=Routledge}} * {{citation|title=The Enemy Within: A History of Espionage|last=Crowdy|first=Terry|isbn=1-84176-933-9|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=[[2006]]}} * {{citation|title=Patterns of Political Leadership: Egypt, Israël, Lebanon|last=Dekmejian|first=R. Hrair|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=1975|isbn=0-87395-291-X}} * {{citation|title=To Rule Jerusalem|last=Friedland|first=Roger|last2=Hecht|first2=Richard|publisher=University of California Press|year=2000|isbn=0-520-22092-7}} * {{citation|title=The Israël-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War|last=Gelvin|first=James L.|authorlink=James L. Gelvin|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2005|isbn=0-521-85289-7}} * {{citation|title=The Routledge Atlas Of The Arab–Israël conflict|last=Gilbert|first=Martin|isbn=0-415-35900-7|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|edition=8th}} * {{citation|title=The Climate of Israël: Observation, Research and Application|last=Goldreich|first=Yair|isbn=0-306-47445-X|year=2003|publisher=Springer}} * {{citation|title=The Book of Genesis|last=Hamilton|first=Victor P.|year=1995|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|edition=2a retractata|isbn=0-8028-2309-2}} * {{citation|title=Warfare and the Third World|last=Harkavy|first=Robert E.|last2=Neuman|first2=Stephanie G.|year=2001|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=0-312-24012-0}} * {{citation|title=Brassey's International Intelligence Yearbook|edition=2003|last=Henderson|first=Robert D'A.|publisher=Brassey's Inc.|year=2003|isbn=1-57488-550-2}} * {{citation|title=The Jewish State|last=Herzl|first=Theodor|authorlink=Theodor Herzl|publisher=American Zionist Emergency Council|year=1946|isbn=0-486-25849-1}} * {{citation|last=Howe|first=Kathleen Stewart|title=Revealing the Holy Land: the photographic exploration of Palestine|publisher=University of California Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-89951-095-8|page=144|url=http://books.google.com/?id=w0mml-378QQC&printsec=frontcover&q=}} * {{citation|title=Israël and the Palestinian Territories: The Rough Guide|last=Jacobs|first=Daniel|publisher=Rough Guides|edition=2a retractata|year=1988|isbn=1-85828-248-9}} * {{citation|title=Society and Settlement: Jewish Land of Israël in the Twentieth Century|last=Kellerman|first=Aharon|year=1993|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=0-7914-1295-4}} * {{citation|title=Theodor Herzl: From Assimilation to Zionism|last=Kornberg|first=Jacques|isbn=0-253-33203-6|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1993}} * {{citation|title=Britain's Naval and Political Reaction to the Illegal Immigration of Jews to Palestine, 1945–1948|last=Liebreich|first=Fritz|isbn=0-7146-5637-2|year=2005|publisher=Routledge}} * {{citation|title=For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israël|last=Lustick|first=Ian|isbn=0-87609-036-6|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations Press|year=1988}} * {{citation|title=Israel's Higher Law: Religion and Liberal Democracy in the Jewish State|last=Mazie|first=Steven|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2006|isbn=0-7391-1485-9}} * {{citation|title=Handbook of Decision Making|last=Morçöl|first=Göktuğ|isbn=1-57444-548-0|publisher=CRC Press|year=2006}} * {{citation|title=Triumph of the File: The Media's War in the Persian Gulf&nbsp;— A Global Perspective|last=Mowlana|first=Hamid|last2=Gerbner|first2=George|last3=Schiller|first3=Herbert I.|year=1992|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=0-8133-1610-3}} * {{Citation|last=Roberts|first=Adam|author-link=Adam Roberts (scholar)|title=Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israëli-Occupied Territories Since 1967|journal=The American Journal of International Law|volume=84|issue=1|year=1990|pages= 44–103|publisher=American Society of International Law|ref=CITEREFRoberts1990|doi=10.2307/2203016|jstor=2203016}} * {{citation|title=A Historical Atlas of Israel|last=Romano|first=Amy|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|year=2003|isbn=0-8239-3978-2}} * {{citation|title=Flashpoints in the War on Terrorism|last=Reveron|first=Derek S.|last2=Murer|first2=Jeffrey Stevenson|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|isbn=0-415-95490-8}} * {{citation|title=The Economic Consequences of Zionism|last=Rosenzweig|first=Rafael|year=1997|publisher=T Brill Academic Publishers|isbn=90-04-09147-5}} * {{citation|title=Power Kills: Democracy As a Method of Nonviolence|last=Rummel|first=Rudolph J.|year=1997|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=0-7658-0523-5}} * {{citation|last=Sampter|first=Jessie|editor-first=Jessie|editor-last=Sampter|title=Modern Palestine – A Symposium|publisher=READ BOOKS|year=2007|isbn=978-1-4067-3834-6|page=444|origyear=1933|chapter=Jewish Colonization Before 1917|chapter-url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3QZ8wqJUfgEC&pg=PA93&dq=%22four+holy+cities%22+1800&lr=&hl=pt-PT&cd=7#v=onepage&q=%22four%20holy%20cities%22%201800&f=false|url=http://books.google.com/?id=3QZ8wqJUfgEC&printsec=frontcover&q=}} * {{citation|title=Understanding Jewish History|last=Scharfstein|first=Sol|isbn=0-88125-545-9|year=1996|publisher=KTAV Publishing House}} * {{citation|title=The Land Beyond Promise: Israël, Likud and the Zionist Dream|last=Shindler|first=Colin |isbn=1-86064-774-X|year=2002|publisher=I.B.Tauris Publishers}} * {{citation|title=Encyclopedia Judaica|last=Skolnik|first=Fred|isbn=0-02-865928-7|publisher=Macmillian|year=2007|volume=9|edition=2a}} * {{citation|title=Deterring America: Rogue States and the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction|isbn=0-521-86465-8|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|last=Smith|first=Derek}} * {{citation|title=The Hope Fulfilled: The Rise of Modern Israël|last=Stein|first=Leslie|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=0-275-97141-4}} * {{citation|title=The Arabs in Israel|last=Stendel|first=Ori|isbn=1-898723-23-0|year=1997|publisher=Sussex Academic Press}} * {{citation|title=Critical Essays on Israëli Social Issues and Scholarship|last=Stone|first=Russell A.|last2=Zenner|first2=Walter P.|isbn=0-7914-1959-2|publisher=SUNY Press|year=1994}} * {{citation|title=Culture and Customs of Israël|last=Torstrick|first=Rebecca L.|isbn=0-313-32091-8|year=2004|publisher=Greenwood Press}} * {{citation|title=Word Biblical Commentary|last=Wenham|first=Gordon J.|series=2|isbn=0-8499-0201-0|volume=(Genesis 16–50)|year=1994|publisher=Word Books|location=Dallasiae Texiae}} == Nexus externi == * [http://www.gov.il/firstgov/english Porta Administrationis Israëlicae] (cum nexibus ad commentarios Arabicum et Hebraicum) {{Coord|31|35|type:country|display=title}} {{Asia}} {{Capsae collectae|Israël|politica|{{Praesides Israelis}}{{Primi ministri Israëlis}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Israelis}}}} {{Capsae collectae|Israël|geographica|{{Provinciae Israëlis}}}} [[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1948]] [[Categoria:Israel|!]] [[Categoria:Respublicae]] [[Categoria:Verba Hebraica]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Geographia}} phmpfqj0zkka7evl0yfn4apennbi95a 0 6796 3959135 3959113 2026-05-11T12:48:51Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 Festum addidi. 3959135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Calendarium-Maii}} '''11 Maii''' [[dies]] 131ª anni est (132ª [[Annus bisextilis|annis bisextilibus]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 234 dies manent. Haec dies secundum [[calendarium Romanum]] est '''ante diem quintum Idus Maias''', quae a.d. V Id. Mai. abbreviantur. [[Fasciculus:Coluna de Constantino 01-2.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.36|[[Columna Constantini]] [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitana]]]] == Eventa == === Saeculo 4 === *[[330]] - [[Byzantium]] nomen officiale "[[Constantinopolis]]" sive "Nova Roma" accipit. === Saeculo 19 === *[[1858]] - [[Minnesota]] civitas [[CFA]] fit. *[[1860]] - [[Iosephus Garibaldi]] cum sociis in [[Sicilia]]m appellitur, ut [[Regnum Utriusque Siciliae]] expugnarent et [[Italia]]m coniunctam redderent. *[[1867]] - [[Luxemburgum]] civitas libera fit. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1949]] - [[Israël]] socius [[Conventus generalis (Nationes Unitae)|Nationum Unitarum]] admittitur. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2007]] - [[Homuncio Metepecensis]] in [[Mexicum|Mexico]] invenitur. * [[2010]] - [[David Cameron]] primus minister [[Britanniarum regnum|Britanniarum Regni]] fit. * [[2011]] ** [[Terrae motus]] [[Scala Richteriana|magnitudine]] 5.1 fit in [[Regio Murciae|regione Murciae]] [[Hispania]]e, quae novem homines exanimat. ** [[Conventio Consilii Europae de inhibenda vi mulieribus adlata et de oppugnanda violentia domestica]] a [[Consilium Europae|Consilio Europae]] decernitur. * [[2013]] - Impetus [[tromocratia]]e [[bomba]]rum fit in regione [[Hatay]], quo quadraginta et duo homines necantur. * [[2016]] - Impetus tromocratiae bombarum [[Bagdatum|Bagdati]] fit. == Natales == === Saeculo 14 === * [[1366]] - [[Anna Bohemiae]], regina [[Anglia]]e (†&nbsp;[[1394]]) === Saeculo 18 === * [[1715]] - [[Ignatius Fiorillo]], compositor Italicus (†&nbsp;[[1787]]) * [[1720]] - [[Baro de Münchhausen]], homo nobilis, qui historias incredibiles vel opinabiles de se narrabat (†&nbsp;[[1797]]) * [[1752]] - [[Ioannes Fridericus Blumenbach]], anthropologus et zoologus [[Germania|Germanicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1840]]) === Saeculo 19 === *[[1811]] - [[Ioannes-Iacobus Challet-Venel]], vir publicus [[Helvetia|Helveticus]] (†&nbsp;[[1893]]) *[[1852]] - [[Carolus Warren Fairbanks]], [[praeses vicarius Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]] (†&nbsp;[[1918]]) *[[1888]] - [[Irving Berlin]], compositor [[Russia|Russo]]-[[CFA|Americanus]] (†&nbsp;[[1989]]) *[[1891]] - [[Henricus Morgenthau Iunior]], vir publicus Americanus (†&nbsp;[[1967]]) *[[1894]] - [[Martha Graham]], saltatrix Americana (†&nbsp;[[1991]]) *[[1897]] - [[Bernardus Sartori]], [[missionarius]] Italicus (†&nbsp;[[1983]]) *[[1900]] - [[Pridi Phanomyong]], primus minister [[Thailandia|Siamensis]] (†&nbsp;1983) === Saeculo 20 === * [[1902]] - [[Elisabetha Vietje]], rerum politicarum perita Germanica et sodalis factionis [[CDU]] (†nbsp;[[1963]]) * [[1904]] - [[Salvator Dalí]], artifex [[Hispania|Hispanicus]] (mortuus [[1989]]) * [[1905]] - [[Augustus Hamann Rademaker Grünewald]], dux militum et vir publicus [[Brasilia]]nus (†&nbsp;[[1895]]) * [[1916]] - [[Camillus Iosephus Cela]], scriptor Hispanicus (†&nbsp;[[2002]]) * 1918 - [[Ricardus Feynman]], physicus Americanus (†&nbsp;[[1988]]) * [[1924]] - [[Antonius Hewish]], astronomus Britannicus (†&nbsp;[[2021]]) * [[1925]] - [[Eduardus Ioseph King]], gubernator [[Massachusetta]]e (†&nbsp;[[2006]]) * [[1927]] - [[Bernardus Fox]], histrio [[Cambria|Cambro]]-Americanus(†&nbsp;[[2016]]) * [[1928]] - [[Marcus Ferreri]], moderator cinematographicus Italicus(†&nbsp;[[1997]]) * [[1930]] - [[Edsger Dijkstra]], informaticus [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]] (†&nbsp;2002) * [[1946]] - [[Robertus Jarvik]], [[medicus]] et inventor cordis artificialis Americanus (†&nbsp;[[2025]]) * [[1950]] - [[Renatus Schifani]], vir publicus Italicus novae factionis [[Populus Libertatis|Populi Libertatis]] * [[1952]] - [[Francisca Fisher]], actrix Anglo-Americana * [[1955]] - [[Paulus Rowen]], politicarum peritus [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]] factionis [[Factio Liberalis Democratica (Britanniarum Regnum)|Liberalis Democraticae]]. * [[1963]] - [[Natalia Richardson]], actrix Britannica(†&nbsp;2009) * [[1968]] - [[Anna Jara]], rerum politicarum perita [[Peruvia]]na * [[1973]] - [[Iacobus Haven Voight]], histrio Americanus * [[1984]] - [[Andreas Iniesta]], pedilusor Hispanicus * [[1988]] - [[Marcellus Kittel]], birotarius Germanicus * [[1989]] - [[Ioannes dos Santos]], pedilusor Mexicanus == Mortes == === Saeculo 10 === * [[912]] - [[Leo VI Sapiens]], [[Imperium Byzantium|Imperator Constantinopolitanus]] (*&nbsp;[[866]]) === Saeculo 18 === * [[1778]] - [[Gulielmus Pitt Senior]], primus minister Britanniarum Regni (*&nbsp;[[1788]]) === Saeculo 19 === *[[1812]] - [[Spencer Perceval]], primus minister Britanniarum Regni necatur (*&nbsp;[[1762]]). *[[1883]] - [[Iulia Drouet]], actrix Francica et [[Victor Hugo|Victoris Hugo]] “musa” (*&nbsp;[[1806]]) *[[1898]] - [[Gulielmus de Reiser]], theologus Germanicus et [[Dioecesis Rottenburgensis-Stutgardiensis|dioecesis Rottenburgensis]] [[episcopus]] (*&nbsp;[[1835]]) === Saeculo 20 === * [[1934]] - [[Blasius Diagne]], politicorum peritus [[Senegalia]]e (natus [[1872]]) * [[1962]] - [[Ioannes Luther]], cancellarius Germaniae (*&nbsp;[[1879]]) * [[1963]] - [[Herbertus Spencer Gasser]], physiologus Americanus (*&nbsp;1888) * [[1976]] - [[Alvar Aalto]], architectus [[Finnia|Finnicus]] (*&nbsp;[[1898]]) * [[1981]] - [[Robertus Marley]], musicus [[Iamaica]]nus (natus [[1945]]) === Saeculo 21 === * [[2001]] - [[Duglassius Adams]], scriptor Anglicus (natus [[1952]]) * [[2014]] - [[Margaritha Pogonat]], actrix [[Romania|Dacoromana]] (*&nbsp;[[1933]]) == Festa et Feriae == * [[Imperium Romanum]]: [[Lemuralia]] (Lemuria) *Dies [[iura humana|iurum humanorum]] ([[Vietnamia]]) *Festum Sanctorum apostolorum [[Philippus (apostolus)|Philippi]] et [[Iacobus Alphaei|Iacobi]] (calendarium Romanae ecclesiae antiquum) {{menses}} [[Categoria:Dies]] 77ozheis86tjf89pag22e1h4whahg2k 0 6801 3959199 3890167 2026-05-11T21:08:47Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 Solitas emendationes feci. 3959199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Calendarium-Maii}} '''12 Maii''' [[dies]] 132ª anni est (133ª [[Annus bisextilis|anni bisextilis]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 233 dies manent. Haec dies secundum [[calendarium Romanum]] est '''ante diem quartum Idus Maias''', quae a.d. IV Id. Mai. abbreviantur. [[Fasciculus:Herb Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.svg|thumb|85px|left|Insigne [[Universitas Iagellonica|Universitatis Iagellonicae]]]] == Eventa == === Saeculo 14 === * [[1364]] - Constitutio [[Universitas Iagellonica|Universitatis Iagellonicae]] ([[Cracovia]]e, [[Polonia]]). === Saeculo 15 === * [[1495]] - [[Carolus VIII (rex Franciae)|Carolus VIII]] rex [[Francia]]e etiam rex [[Regnum Neapolitanum|Neapolis]] coronatur. === Saeculo 19 === * [[1802]] - Senatus [[Prima Respublica (Francia)|rei publicae Francicae]] [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleoni Bonaparte]] consulatum perpetuum offert. * [[1855]] - [[Amabilius Pélissier]] dux militum omnium [[Secundum Imperium Francicum|Francicorum]] in [[Bellum Crimaeanum|bello Crimaeano]] nominatur. * [[1866]] - In [[Romania]] [[Nicolaus Constantinus Golescu]] praeses ministrorum successor fratris [[Stephanus Golescu|Stephani Golescu]] nominatur. * [[1881]] - [[Tunesia]] protectoratus [[Francia]]e fit. * [[1898]] - [[Maria Curie]] et [[Petrus Curie]] elementum [[radium]] inveniunt. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1948]] - Manuscriptum "''[[Ningen Shikkaku]]''" a [[Dazai Osamu]] scribi finitur. * [[1949]] - [[Unio Sovietica]] obsessionem [[Berolinum|Berolini]] undecim post menses intermittit, quam propter novam pecuniam in [[Germania]] occidentali [[20 Iunii]] [[1948]] introductam coeperat. Eo tempore [[CFA]], [[Britanniarum regnum]], Francia aeronavibus magnas copias alimentariorum in urbem transportaverunt. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2008]] - [[Terrae motus]] in [[Suchuen]] fit. * [[2015]] - Magnus [[Terrae motus Nepaliae 2015|terrae motus]] (magnitudine plus quam 7.3) in [[Nepalia]] fit, quo plus quam 200 homines necantur. * [[2018]] - [[Certamen Cantus Eurovisionis]] in [[Olisipo]]ne: [[Netta Barzilai]] ([[Israel]]) vincit. == Natales == === Saeculo 15 === * [[1496]] - [[Gustavus I (rex Sueciae)|Gustavus I]], rex [[Suecia]]e (†&nbsp;[[1560]]) === Saeculo 16 === * [[1590]] - [[Cosimus II Medices]] (†&nbsp;[[1621]]) === Saeculo 17 === * [[1671]] - [[Erdmann Neumeister]], [[poeta]], [[theologus]] et [[hymnus|hymnorum]] [[scriptor]] [[Germania|Germanicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1756]]) === Saeculo 18 === * [[1755]] - [[Ioannes Baptista Viotti]], compositor [[Italia|Italicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1824]]) * [[1794]] - [[Georgius Cathcart]], dux militum Britannicus (†&nbsp;[[1854]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1803]] - [[Iustus de Liebig]], chemicus Germanicus (†&nbsp;[[1873]]) * [[1812]] - [[Eduardus Lear]], poeta et [[pictor]] Francicus (†&nbsp;[[1888]]) * [[1816]] - [[Edmundus Beckett]], [[causidicus]] [[architectus]]que [[Anglia|Anglicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1905]]) * [[1820]] - [[Florentia Nightingale]], mater scientiae [[nosocomus|nosocomologiae]] ministrorum aegrorum, scriptrix et studiosa [[statistica]]e Anglica (†&nbsp;[[1910]]) * [[1828]] - [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], poeta et pictor Anglicus (†&nbsp;[[1882]]) * [[1845]] - [[Gabriel Fauré]], compositor et organista Francicus (†&nbsp;[[1924]]) * [[1850]] - [[Henricus Cabot Lodge maior]], politicus Americanus (†&nbsp;[[1924]]) * [[1851]] - [[Ioseph Kemp Toole]], gubernator [[Montana]]e (†&nbsp;[[1929]]) * [[1874]] - [[Iacobus Hackel]], artis ingeniariae atque electrotechnicae peritus [[Russia|Russicus]] et Sovieticus (†&nbsp;[[1945]]) * [[1885]] - [[Marius Sironi]], pictor Italicus (†&nbsp;[[1961]]) * 1888 ** [[Egmont Colerus]], scriptor [[Austria]]cus (†&nbsp;[[1939]]) ** [[Fridericus Schäffer]], rerum politicarum peritus Germanicus factionis [[CSU]] et primus praeses ministrorum [[Bavaria]]e post bellum mundanum secundum (†&nbsp;[[1967]]) * [[1892]] - [[Gulielmus Preston Lane]], gubernator [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]] (†&nbsp;[[1967]]) * [[1895]] - [[Gulielmus Franciscus Giauque]], chemicus Americanus, [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae|praemio Nobeliano chemiae]] affectus (†&nbsp;[[1982]]) === Saeculo 20 === * [[1907]] - [[Catharina Hepburn]], [[actrix]] Americana (†&nbsp;[[2003]]) * [[1910]] - [[Dorothea Hodgkin]], chemica Britannica (†&nbsp;[[1994]]) * [[1915]] - [[Rogerius Schutz]], religiosus Helveticus (†&nbsp;[[2005]]) * [[1921]] **[[Iosephus Beuys]], artifex Germanicus (†&nbsp;[[1986]]) **[[Ioannes Benelli]], cardinalis Italicus (†&nbsp;1982) * [[1928]] - [[Burt Bacharach]], clavilista et compositor Americanus (†&nbsp;[[2023]]) * [[1933]] - [[Andreas Voznesenskij]], poeta Russicus (†&nbsp;[[2010]]) * [[1937]] - [[Georgius Carlin]], comoedus Americanus (†&nbsp;2008) * [[1942]] - [[Maria Carter]], actrix, ostentatrix et [[playmate]] Americana * 1948 - [[Stephanus Winwood]], musicus Britannicus * [[1962]] - [[Aemilius Estevez]], histrio et moderator cinematographicus Americanus * [[1970]] - [[David A. R. White]], histrio Americanus * [[1974]] - [[Taraneh Javanbakht]], [[Irania|Iranica]] [[physicus|physica]], [[chemicus|chemica]], biologica, [[philosophus|philosopha]], artifex, quae pro [[iura humana|iuribus humanis]] pugnat. * [[1978]] - [[Magdalena Åkerman]], actrix, [[indutrix]] et [[cantrix]] [[Suecia|Suecica]] * [[1980]] - [[Rishi Sunak]], politicus Britannicus * [[1985]] - [[Andreas Howe]], athleta Italicus * [[1987]] - [[Robertus Rogers]], pedilusor Americanus == Mortes == === Saeculo 11 === * [[1003]] - [[Silvester II]], [[papa]] * [[1012]] - [[Sergius IV]], papa === Saeculo 19 === * [[1832]] - [[Henricus Christianus Macklot]], studiosus [[zoologia]]e Germanicus (*&nbsp;[[1799]]) * [[1845]] - [[Augustus Gulielmus de Schlegel]], scriptor, philosophus, [[historia]]e [[Litterae|litterarum]] et [[India]]e studiosus (*&nbsp;[[1767]]) * [[1864]] - [[Iacobus Ewell Brown Stuart]], dux militum Americanus (*&nbsp;[[1833]]) * [[1884]] - [[Fridericus Smetana]], compositor [[Bohemia|Bohemicus]] (*&nbsp;[[1824]]) === Saeculo 20 === * [[1935]] - [[Iosephus Piłsudski]], miles et politicorum peritus [[Polonia|Polonicus]] (natus [[1867]]) * [[1970]] - [[Nelly Sachs]], scriptrix Germanica (nata [[1891]]) * [[1985]] - [[Ioannes Dubuffet]], pictor et [[sculptor]] Francicus (*&nbsp;[[1901]]) === Saeculo 21 === * 2008 - [[Irene Sendler]], [[mulier]] et aegrorum ministra Polonica, quae inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] pueris [[Iudaei]]s a [[NSDAP|nazistis]] vexatis auxilium dedit (nata anno 1910) * 2018 - [[Theresia Jowell]], rerum politicarum perita Britannica (*&nbsp;[[1947]]) * [[2019]] - [[Victor Petrus Sfeir]], religiosus [[Libanus]] (*&nbsp;[[1920]]) == Festa et feriae == *[[Dies internationalis infirmeriae]] (secundum diem natalem Florentiae Nightingale) * [[Calendarium Romanae Ecclesiae]]: festum Sanctorum martyrum Nerei et Achillei et festum Sancti [[Pancratius Romanus|Pancratii]] {{menses}} [[Categoria:Dies]] 2ocn91c5aq6s28lp3b5av8piwr1etea 0 6815 3959168 3889896 2026-05-11T16:01:13Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 Solitas emendationes feci. 3959168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Calendarium-Maii}} '''13 Maii''' est [[dies]] 133ª anni (134ª [[Annus bisextilis|annis bisextilibus]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 232 dies manent. Haec dies secundum [[calendarium Romanum]] est '''ante diem tertium Idus Maias''', quae a.d. III Id. Mai. abbreviantur. [[Fasciculus:Ritratto di Gregorio XIII - Passarotti.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.42|[[Gregorius XIII]] papa]] == Eventa == === Saeculo 16 === * [[1572]] - [[Hugo Buoncampagni]] [[papa]] eligitur et sibi [[nomen pontificale|nomen]] [[Gregorius XIII|Gregorium XIII]] imponit. === Saeculo 18 === * [[1710]] - [[Fridericus I (rex Borussiae)]] [[Berolinum|Berolini]] valetudinarium condit, quod anno [[1727]] ''Charité'' (Latine "Caritas") nominabitur. === Saeculo 19 === * [[1848]] - ''[[Civitas nostra]]'', [[hymnus nationalis]] [[Finnia]]e primum performatur. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1917]] - Sanctus [[Franciscus Fatimensis|Franciscus Marto]], Sancta [[Hyacintha Fatimensis|Hyacintha Marto]] et [[Lucia Fatimensis]] [[Fatima]]e [[Nostra Domina Fatimensis|beatam Maria virginem]] vidunt. * [[1931]] - [[Paulus Doumer]] praeses [[Francia]]e eligitur. Die [[3 Iunii]] magistratum inibit. * [[1969]] - Discrimen politicum in [[Malaysia]] fit. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2005]] - Homicidium magnum in Andijan [[Uzbecia]]e fit. * [[2011]] - [[Consilium securitatis]] resolutionem 1981 de [[Litus Eburneum|Litore Eburneo]] decernitur. * [[2024]] - [[Concursus populi]] violentus ratione propositionis systematis suffragii in [[Nova Caledonia]] fit. == Nati == === Saeculo 16 === * [[1588]] - [[Olaus Wormius]] archaeologus [[Dania|Danicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1654]]) === Saeculo 17 === * [[1625]] - [[Carolus Maratta]], pictor [[Italia|Italicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1713]]) * [[1655]] - [[Innocentius XIII]] papa (mortuus [[1724]]) * [[1699]] - [[Marchio de Pombal]], vir publicus [[Lusitania|Lusitanus]] (†&nbsp;[[1782]]) === Saeculo 18 === * [[1707]] - [[Maria Theresia Austriaca (imperatrix)|Maria Theresia]], imperatrix [[Austria]]e (†&nbsp;[[1780]]) * [[1730]] - [[Carolus Watson-Wentworth]], primus minister [[Regnum Unitum|Britanniarum Regni]] (†&nbsp;1782) * [[1750]] - [[Laurentius Mascheroni]], mathematicus Italicus (†&nbsp;[[1800]]) * [[1753]] - [[Lazarus Carnot]], physicus, mathematicus, machinator, vir publicus et militaris Francicus (†&nbsp;[[1823]]) * [[1767]] - [[Ioannes VI (rex Lusitaniae)|Ioannes VI]], rex Lusitaniae (†&nbsp;[[1826]]) * [[1792]] - [[Pius IX]] papa (mortuus [[1878]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1835]] - [[Gulielmus de Reiser]], theologus [[Germania|Germanicus]] et [[Dioecesis Rottenburgensis-Stutgardiensis|dioeceseos Rottenburgensis]] [[episcopus]] (†&nbsp;[[1898]]) * [[1840]] - [[Alphonsus Daudet]], [[scriptor]] Francicus (*&nbsp;[[1897]]) * [[1851]] - [[Laza Lazarević]], [[psychiater]] scriptorque [[Serbia|Serbicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1891]]) * [[1857]] - [[Ronaldus Ross]], medicus Britannicus (†&nbsp;[[1932]]) * [[1882]] - [[Georgius Braque]], pictor, graphicus et sculptor Francicus (†&nbsp;[[1963]]) * [[1883]] - **[[Henricus Sneevliet]], vir publicus [[Nederlandia|Nerdlandicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1942]]) **[[Georgius Papanicolai]], medicus [[Graecia|Graecus]] (†&nbsp;[[1964]]) * [[1888]] - [[Inge Lehmann]], [[Seismologia|seismologa]] Danica (†&nbsp;[[1993]]) === Saeculo 20 === * [[1903]] - [[Reinholdus Schneider]], scriptor Germanicus (†&nbsp;[[1958]]) * [[1922]] - [[Beatrix Arthur]], [[histrio|actrix]] [[CFA|Americana]] (†&nbsp;[[2009]]) * [[1928]] - [[Henricus Bolaños Geyer]], praeses [[Nicaragua]]e (†&nbsp;[[2021]]) * [[1938]] - [[Iulianus Amato]], [[praeses Consilii ministrorum Reipublicae Italicae]] * 1942 - [[Paulus Schmitt]], praeses [[Hungaria]]e * [[1944]] - [[Uwe Barschel]], sodalis factionis [[CDU]] et praeses ministrorum [[Slesvicum et Holsatia|Slesvici et Holsatiae]] (†&nbsp;[[1987]]) * [[1950]] - [[Stevie Wonder]], cantor Americanus * [[1954]] - [[Hideki Maeda]], pedilusor [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]] * [[1957]] - [[Carrie Lam]], femina politica [[Sinae (regio)|Sinarum]]. * [[1961]] ** [[Dionysius Rodman]], lusor [[Canistripilae ludus|canistripilae ludi]] Americanus ** [[Sado Yutaka]], conductor Iaponicus * [[1962]] - [[Paulus Burstow]], rerum politicarum peritus Britannicus factionis [[Factio Liberalis Democratica (Britanniarum Regnum)|Liberalis Democraticae]] * 1964 - [[Stephanus Colbert]], actor, scriptor et [[comoedia|comoedus]] Americanus * [[1968]] - [[Scott Morrison]], primus minister [[Australia]]e * [[1982]] - [[Oguchi Onyewu]], pedilusor Americanus * [[1983]] - [[Yaya Touré]], pedilusor Litoris Eburnei == Mortui == === Saeculo 18 === * [[1793]] - [[Martinus Gerbert]], [[abbas]] [[Monasterium Sancti Blasii|abbatiae Sancti Blasii]] in [[Nigra silva]] et rerum gestarum musicae scriptor (*&nbsp;[[1720]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1866]] - [[Robertus Kennicott]], naturalista, praesertim de [[serpentes|serpentibus]] eruditus (*&nbsp;1835) * [[1871]] - [[Anselmus Payen]], chemicus Francicus (*&nbsp;[[1795]]) === Saeculo 20 === * [[1930]] - [[Fridtjof Nansen]], explorator [[Polus septentrionalis|Poli septentrionalis]], legatus laureatusque [[Praemium Nobelianum pacis componendae|praemio Nobeliano pacis componendae]] (*&nbsp;[[1861]]) * [[1960]] - [[Carolus Hermannus Otto Heider]], vir publicus Germanicus factionis [[NSDAP]] (*&nbsp;[[1901]]) * 1961 - [[Gary Cooper]], histrio Americanus (*&nbsp;[[1896]]) * [[1984]] - [[Stanislaus Ulam]], [[mathematicus]] [[Polonia|Polonicus]] (*&nbsp;[[1909]]) * [[1991]] - [[Victor-Emanuel Preusker]], vir publicus Germanicus et sodalis factionis [[FDP]] (*&nbsp;[[1913]]) === Saeculo 21 === * [[2009]] - [[Monica Bleibtreu]], actrix Austriaca (*&nbsp;[[1944]]) * [[2012]] - [[Antonius Nguyên Van Thien]], episcopus [[Dioecesis Vinhlongensis|dioeceseos Vinhlongensis]] in [[Vietnamia]] (*&nbsp;[[1906]]) * [[2019]] - [[Doris Day]], actrix et cantrix Americana (*&nbsp;1922) * [[2024]] - [[Alicia Munro]], scriptrix [[Canada|Canadiensis]] (*&nbsp;1931) * [[2025]] - [[Iosephus Mujica]], politicus [[Uraquaria|Uruguaianus]] (*&nbsp;[[1935]]) == Festa et Feriae == * [[Imperium Romanum]]: [[Lemuralia]] * [[Calendarium Romanae Ecclesiae]]: festum [[Hilarius Pictaviensis|Sancti Hilarii Pictaviensis]], episcopi et doctoris ecclesiae {{menses}} [[Categoria:Dies]] 4xpw7utcvgkb7v5oojraqt93v2x94dj 0 8431 3959227 3921447 2026-05-12T07:00:16Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L|-2}} [[Fasciculus:InfantBaptism.jpg|thumb|Baptismus.]] {{Videhom|Sacramentum (California)|Sacramenta Argentoratensia}} {{res|Sacramentum}} in [[Christianitas|religionibus Christianis]] est [[ritus]] vel efficax [[gratia]]e [[signum]], a [[Iesus Christus|Christo]] institutum et [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae]] concreditum, per quod vita divina [[homo|hominibus]] praebetur. == In Ecclesia Catholica == {{Ecclesia Catholica}} [[Ecclesia Catholica]] discrevit septem sacramenta: I. Initiationis Christianae Sacramenta 1. Sacramentum [[Baptisma]]tis <br> 2. Sacramentum [[Confirmatio]]nis <br> 3. Sacramentum [[Eucharistia]]e <br> II. Sacramenta Sanationis 4. Sacramentum [[Confessio|Poenitentiae et Reconciliationis]] <br> 5. [[Unctio Infirmorum]] <br> III. Sacramenta In Servitium Communionis 6. Sacramentum [[Sacri Ordines|Ordinis]] <br> 7. Sacramentum [[Matrimonium (sacramentum)|Matrimonii]] <br> Baptismatis sacramentum ostium est ad altera sacramenta, cum porta est Ecclesiae, et configurat hominem ad Christum ut aptum sit ad [[Gratia|gratiam]] sanctificandam recipiendam. Sacramenti confirmationis implet donum baptismatis, cum tradit plenitudinem doni [[Spiritus Sanctus|Spiritus Sancti]]. Sacramentum Eucharistiae fortitudinem dat credenti, cum ipsa Christi passio denuo praesentatur, et Christus, praesens in sacra hostia, a credentibus sumitur. Pro dolentibus membris corporis Christi, sacramentum poenitentiae remissionem omnium peccatorum praebet, cum unctio infirmorum sanitatem corporis aegrotantibus petit, cum dat gratiam ad sustinendum dolores et bonam mortem quaerendam. Altera sacramenta non tantum pro sumentibus sed pro universa Christi ecclesia sunt ordinata. Sacramentum ordinis conformat virum ad imaginem Christi in [[Sacerdos|sacerdotium]], et dat gratiam ministerii [[Diaconus|diaconalis]] vel [[Episcopus|episcopalis]]. Sacramentum matrimonii mulierem et virum usque ad consummationem vitae iungit, ut in fide et amore uniantur, et mundo donum eorum amoris dent, praesertim in generandos proles et eos educandos. == In Ecclesia Orthodoxa == In [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa]], numerus sacramentorum (quae ''mysteria'' appellant) non bene definitus est, sed etiam septem sacramenta Catholicorum agnoscunt. == In Ecclesiis Lutheranis (vel Confessionis Augustanae) == [[Fasciculus:Confirmation blessing.jpg|thumb|Confirmatio in [[Ecclesia Lutherana]].]] In {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Apologia Confessionis Augustanae||de|qid=Q619586}} ''baptismus'', ''coena Domini'' ([[eucharistia]]) et ''absolutio'' ([[confessio]]) sacramenta dicuntur, ad quae ''ordo'' adiungi potest: <blockquote>Vere igitur sunt sacramenta baptismus, coena Domini, absolutio quae est sacramentum poenitentiae... Si autem ordo de ministerio verbi intelligatur, non gravatim vocaverimus ordinem sacramentum. Nam ministerium verbi habet mandatum Dei et habet magnificas promissiones.</blockquote> Confirmationem et nuptias celebrant sed sacramenta non appellant. == In Ecclesiis Reformatis == [[Ecclesiae Reformatae]] solum ''baptismum'' et ''coenam Domini'' sacramenta dicunt, sed secundum eas mere symbola sunt. == In Ecclesiis Anglicanis == [[Communio Anglicana|Ecclesiis Anglicanis]] saltem ''baptismus'' et ''eucharistia'' sacramenta sunt, sed numerosi sunt Anglicani qui etiam ''confirmationem'', ''sanationem'', ''confessionem'', ''unctionem infirmorum'', ''ordinem'' et ''matrimonium'' sacramenta appellant. Sic sacramenta in ''[[Triginta novem articuli|Triginta novem articulis]]'' Ecclesiae Anglicanae tractantur: <blockquote> Sacramenta a Christo instituta non tantum sunt notae [[professio religiosa|professionis]] Christianorum, sed certa quaedam potius [[testimonium|testimonia]] et efficacia signa [[gratia]]e atque bonae in nos voluntatis Dei, per quae invisibiliter ipse in nobis operatur, nostramque fidem in se, non solum excitat verum etiam confirmat. Duo a [[Christus|Christo]] Domino nostro in [[Evangelium|Evangelio]] instituta sunt Sacramenta, scilicet, [[Baptismus]] et [[Coena Domini]]. Quinque illa vulgo nominata Sacramenta, scilicet, Confirmatio, Poenitentia, Ordo, Matrimonium, et Extrema Unctio, pro Sacramentis Evangelicis habenda non sunt, ut quae partim a prava [[Apostolus|Apostolorum]] imitatione profluxerunt, partim vitae status sunt in Scripturis quidem probati, sed Sacramentorum eandem cum Baptismo et Coena Domini rationem non habentes, ut quae signum aliquod visibile seu ceremoniam a Deo institutam non habeant. Sacramenta non in hoc instituta sunt a Christo ut spectarentur aut circumferrentur sed ut rite illis uteremur. Et in his duntaxat qui digne percipiunt, salutarem habent effectum: qui vero indigne percipiunt, [[damnatio]]nem, ut inquit [[Paulus (apostolus)|Paulus]], sibi ipsis acquirunt.<ref>[https://gavvie.tripod.com/39articles/art3.html "Articles XIX to XXXI: Corporate Religion"]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''The Thirty-nine Articles of Religion'', curati a Gavin Koh (1999) {{ling|Anglice|Latine}}.</ref> </blockquote> == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Baptismus]] * [[Baptisterium]] * [[Matrimonium]] * [[Unctio]] [[Categoria:Sacramenta|!]] [[Categoria:Religio Christiana]] [[Categoria:Theologia]] 10hsasuj4yumwm8zqzm7d2kkslsh1v8 0 8915 3959171 3950781 2026-05-11T16:23:03Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 Latinitatem aliquantulum meliorem facere conatus sum. 3959171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:San Filippo Neri.jpg|thumb|'''Sanctus Philippus Neri''']] [[Sanctus]] '''Philippus Romulus Nerius ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''Filippo Romolo Neri''),''' fundator [[Oratorium (Congregatio)|Congregationis Oratorii]], homo fuit a Romanis tam amatus, ut usque ad hodie "Apostolus Romae" vocatur, locum occupans cum Sanctis [[Petrus|Petro]] et [[Paulus|Paulo]]. Natus [[Florentia]]e [[21 Iulii]] [[1515]] familiae piae, Sanctus Philippus educatus est a [[Ordo Praedicatorum|Dominicanis]] apud conventum Sancti Marci. Anno circa decimo sexto aetatis missus est ad fratrem patris, ut negotium sumeeret. Bonam et honorabilem negotium hic praebuit ei, sed Filippus electus est in maiora. Anno [[1553]] omnibus relictis [[Roma]]m peregrinavit, et ibi vitam egit valde devotam. Paulatim comedit, et die noctuque oravit, saepe in catacombas primitivas. Post tempus, vitam magis apostolicam accepit et anno [[1548]] fundans hospitium [[Sanctissima Trinitas Peregrinorum|Sanctissimae Trinitatis Peregrinorum]], cui opus erat peregrinos ad festos dies [[Iubilaeum|anni sancti]] inopes [[1550]] Romam advenientibus adiuvare. Propter claram sanctitatem eius multi Romani cum eo congregaverunt, et post ordinationem ad sacerdotium haec congregatio, formata sine ullo programmate, formam accepit amplius definitivam. Nonnulli viri magni illius temporis, tamquam [[Ioannes Petrus Aloysius Praenestinus]], [[Caesar Baronius]], et alii ei sociati sunt. Anno [[1575]] societas illa formam stabilem accepit a [[Sancta Sedes|Sancta Sede]], et postea florebat apud ecclesiam [[Sancta Maria in Valicella (ecclesia)|Sanctae Mariae in Valicella]]. Philippus tamen humilis noluit abandonare vitam simplicem, quam vixit apud ecclesiam Sancti Hieronimi a Caritate, et tantum versus finem suum vitam ad [[Ecclesia Nova|Ecclesiam Novam]] se transtulit. Insignus est miraculis, sed magis magna caritate, quae vitam decorabat. Initium dedit [[Gyrus septem ecclesiarum|itinerario septem ecclesiarum]] inter multa alia opera sui amoris, quae devotionem populi Romani valde excitabant. Successor in [[Congregatio Oratorii|Congregatione Oratorii]] erat [[Caesar Baronius]], [[historicus]] et [[cardinalis]]. == Nexus externus == * [http://www.oratoriosanfilippo.org Procura Generalis Confoederationis Oratorii S. Philippi Nerii] * [http://iteadjmj.com/SANTO/PhilNer.pdf Vita S. Philippi Neri Latine]{{Nexus deficit|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.institut-philipp-neri.de Institutus Sancti Philippi Nerii] [[Berolinum|Berolini]] {{Lifetime|1515|1595|Nerius, Philippus}} [[Categoria:Sancti]] [[Categoria:Incolae Italiae|Nerius, Philippus]] [[Categoria:Nati 1515]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1595]] pih5f1ld43kwgkhz8uk56ndb70ykwo7 0 9881 3959172 3931793 2026-05-11T16:25:33Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 Unum nexum inernum correxi. 3959172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{Papa | Imago = [[Fasciculus:Gregory XIII.jpg|350px|Papa Gregorius XIII]] | Nomen papae = Gregorius PP. XIII | Nomen = Hugus Boncompagni | Natus = [[7 Ianuarii]] [[1502]] | Obit = [[10 Aprilis]] [[1585]] | Predecessor = [[Pius V|Sanctus Pius V]] | Papa = [[1572]] - [[1585]] | Successor = [[Sixtus V]]| Vexillum = [[Fasciculus:C o a Gregorio XIII.svg|center|thumb|150 px|]] }} '''Gregorius XIII''' (natus ''Hugo Boncompagnius'',<ref>"Hugo Boncompagnius, Gregorius XIII. P.M."; Paulus Schede Melissus, ''Melissi Schediasmata Poetica'' (Lutetiae Parisiorum, 1568): 38 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Melissi_Schediasmata_Poetica/Yr1eAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Hugo+Boncompagnius+gregorius+xiii&pg=PT5&printsec=frontcover].</ref> vulgo ''Ugo Boncompagni'', [[Bononia]]e, [[7 Ianuarii]] [[1502]]; mortuus [[Roma]]e, [[10 Aprilis]] [[1585]]), fuit [[papa]] [[Ecclesia Romana Catholica|Catholicus]] et [[episcopus]] [[Roma]]nus a die [[13 Maii]] [[1572]]. Hugus Boncompagni [[doctor]] erat [[iurisprudentia]]e. Anno [[1539]] Romam vocatus variis functus est muneribus quoad [[lex|legem]] [[ecclesia]]e. Ibi electus est laicus a [[Paulus IV|Paulo PP. IV]] in episcopatum [[Aedes Vestae|Vestanum]]. Mortuo [[Sanctus|Sancto]] [[Pius V|Pio PP. V]] [[papa|summus pontifex]] electus est. Etiam si iuvenis vitam duxit non semper rectam, papa factus onus muneris accepit, et vestigia sui sancti predecessoris sequebatur. Reformationi se dedit ecclesiae, [[Concilium Tridentinum|Concilii Tridentini]] decreta meminit, et homines bonae famae ad munera ecclesiastica quaesivit. Indicem librorum publicavit, et residentiam episcoporum etiam a cardinalibus requisivit. Permisit omnes Romae degentes eum visitare in audientia publica semel in hebdomada facta. Principes Europae ad proeliandum contra [[Saraceni|Saracenos]] coniungere voluit, sed nequivit. Plurima fundavit seminaria ad sacerdotes bene educandos; inter ea Collegium Romanum, cuius successor, [[Pontificia Universitas Gregoriana]], ab eo nomen ducit. Solicitus fuit fidei apud [[Germania|Germanicos]] erigens Congregationem Germanicam ad eos iuvandos. Amicus [[Philippus Nerius|Sancti Philippi Nerii]] [[Oratorium (Congregatio)|Congregationem Oratorii]] aliasque fundationes [[religio]]sas instituit. Tentatus est [[Hibernia]]m liberare a dicione [[Anglia|Anglica]], sed in hoc fefellit. Quoad saecularia notus est auctor [[Calendarium Gregorianum|Calendarii Gregoriani]], quod adhuc adhibetur a paene omnibus [[tellus|orbis terrarum]] populis. Papa Gregorius XIII recognitionem [[Martyrologium Romanum|Martyrologii Romani]] praeclaro [[historicus|historico]] [[Caesar Baronius|Caesari Baronio]] comisit. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externus == {{Communia|Gregorius XIII|Gregorium XIII}} {{Fontes biographici}} * {{BBKL|g/gregor_xiii|auctor=Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz|commentatio=GREGOR XIII., Papst|tomus=2|columnae=323-325}} * {{CathEnc|07001b|De Gregorio XIII}} {{papae}} {{papa-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1502|1585|Gregorius XIII}} [[Categoria:Cardinales]] [[Categoria:Collegium Romanum]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Vestani]] [[Categoria:Papae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Bononiensis]] [[Categoria:Legati pontificales]] 2twbbv2x1le4q9s5tzkl5i6vvwxvis8 0 10522 3959206 3864161 2026-05-11T21:45:45Z LilyKitty 18316 de discrimine humanitario anno 2026 3959206 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Haec pagina civitatem Asiaticam tractat. Si incensum quaeris, vide [[Tus]].'' {{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Map of Lebanon.png|thumb|[[Tabula geographica|Tabula]] praesentis Libani.]] '''Libanus'''<ref>De monte ex antiquitate noto: [[Quintus Curtius Rufus]], ''[[Historiae Alexandri Magni]]'' http://latin.packhum.org/loc/860/1/14/4796-4803,6095-6102@1 4.2.18.5]: "ex Libano monte". De civitate hodierna: Paulus episcopus, Litterae decretales [https://w2.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/la/apost_letters/documents/hf_p-vi_apl_19771009_quamvis-libanus.html "Quamvis Libanus"].</ref> vel publice '''Respublica Libana''' ([[Arabice]] الجمهورية اللبنانية) est [[civitas sui iuris]] in [[Asia]] sita, [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mari Mediterraneo]] adiacens. A [[septentrio]]nibus [[oriens|orienteque]] a [[Syria]] finitur, a [[meridies|meridie]] secum 'Lineam caeruleam', quae dicitur, ab [[Israël (civitas)|Israele]], ab a [[occidens|occidente]] a Mari Mediterraneo. Libanus ad [[Levas|Levantem]] pertinet. Anno [[2022]], fere 5&thinsp;500&thinsp;000 hominum in Libano vivebant, paene media pars [[Berytus|Beryti]]. [[Urbs|Urbes]] numero [[incola]]rum proximae sunt [[Tripolis Libanitis|Tripolis]] in septentrionibus et [[Sidon]] in meridie sitae. == Geographia == Terra Libani in quattuor partes dividitur, quae recta linea praeter [[mare]] patent: * Plaga [[litus|litoralis]] 225 chiliometroum, quae ardua ad montes surgens in septentrionibus ac meridie latior fit, * [[Libanus (mons)|Libanus mons]], qui praeruptus faucibusque difissus a septentrionibus in meridiem porrigitur, * [[Vallis Biqa]] in oriente, * [[Antilibanus]], mons exsiccatus atque aridus, et [[Hermon]], qui altissimus est mons Libani in finibus inter Libanum, Israel et Syriam situs. [[Leontes]], longitudine 140 chiliometrorum maximus Libani fluvius, in Biqa valle prope [[Heliopolis|Heliopolim]] ortus Libanum secat et Tyri ad septemtriones in Mare Mediterraneum se effundit. Alii fluvii sunt [[Orontes]] in Syriam [[Turcia]]mque fluens et [[Hasbani]], qui est unus e tribus fontibus [[Iordanis]]. Ex [[antiquitas|antiquitate]] plures urbes in [[litus|litore]] iacent. [[Regio]]nes interiores, quae [[natura]]m mirae [[pulchritudo|pulchritudinis]] atque vicos [[monasterium|monasteriaque]] antiqua ostendunt, [[agricultura]]e, secessui oppidanorum et [[periegesis|periegetis]] serviunt. Vallis Biqa parvam quidem [[praecipitatio]]nem accipit, quod Libanus Mons imbres arcet, [[irrigatio]]ne artificiosa tamen [[vinum]], [[oleum]], [[holus|holera]], [[fructus]], [[frumentum]] et [[lac]] necnon [[cibus|cibi]] ex lacte parati producuntur. [[Cedrus]], qui [[vexillum|vexillum]] [[respublica]]e exornat, adhuc non nisi raro in medio monte Libano invenitur. == Praecipuae urbes == * [[Berytus]] * [[Byblus]] * [[Heliopolis (Libanus)|Heliopolis]] * [[Sidon]] * [[Tripolis (Libanus)]] == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Lebanon, Baalbek, Temple of Jupiter in Baalbek.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Templum]] apud [[Heliopolis (Libanus)|Heliopolim]].]] Libanus olim terra [[Phoenices|Phoenicum]] post [[Tyrus|Tyrum]] anno [[332]] expugnatam primo ab [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandro Magno]], tum a [[Seleucidae|Seleucidis]], demum a [[Imperium Romanum|Romanis]] imperio rectus est. Postquam [[Arabes]] inter annos [[634]] et [[640]] regionem invaserunt, Libanus pars mundi Arabici et postea [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Ottomanici]] factus est. Incolae lingua Arabica loquentes partim [[religio Islamica|religionem Islamicam]], partim [[religio Christiana|Christianam]] confitentur, etiam aliis [[minoritas|minoritatibus]] religiosis exstantibus. Postquam [[Imperium Ottomanicum]] [[primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] devictum est, Libanus anno [[1922]] sub dicionem [[Francia|Francicam]] venit. Cum anno [[1943]] Libanus [[respublica]] sui iuris proclamatus esset, copiae Francicae anno [[1946]] Libanum (et Syriam) reliquerunt. Ex anno [[1948]], quo Israel orta est, Libanus cum hac civitate confini in bello est. Anno [[1958]] controversia inter Christianos, qui se consiliis civitatum occidentalium consociaverant, et [[Musulmani|Musulmanos]] [[Nationalismus|nationalismo]] Arabo faventes mota, novo autem [[praeses|praeside]] [[Fuad Schihab]] (Chéhab) electo res cito pacatae sunt. Prudentibus consilii rationibus status civitatis stabilitus est, [[oeconomia]] floruit, [[democratia]] - unica in mundo Arabo - prospere processit. Inter annos [[1949]] et [[1969]], quibus Libanus multis in rebus in Franciae exemplum formatus erat, etiam "[[Helvetia]] Orientis", Berytus "[[Lutetia|Parisius]] propinqui Orientis" habebatur. Pristinae novaeque inter factiones simultates anno [[1975]] ad [[bellum civile]] duxerunt, cuius in continuatione copiae Israeliticae ac Syriacae partes Libani occupaverunt. Controversiae inter factiones religiosas gentilesque (Christianos, [[Secta Sunnitica|Sunnitos]], [[Secta Siitica|Siitos]], [[Druzi|Druzos]] et [[Palaestini|Palaestinos]]) necnon [[ideologia|ideologicas]] (vires "dextrae" ac "sinistrae") usque ad annum [[1990]] continuaverunt. Anno [[2000]] copiae Israeliticae, anno [[2005]] ultimae Syriae copiae Libanum reliquerunt. Tamen opera urbes oeconomiamque restituendi bellis circum flagrantibus perdifficile facta est, praeterea compositio civium valde se mutaverat, quod multi Christiani annis belli emigraverant, vis [[Hizbullah]] factionis ab [[Irania]] adiutae per annos creverat. Ex anno [[2019]] gravis [[discrimen oeconomicum|crisis oeconomica]] Libanum vexat, praetera fere 1&thinsp;500&thinsp;000 hominum, qui e Syria fugerant, [[aerarium publicum]] onerant. Anno [[2023]] quadraginta centesimae incolarum, inter quos maior pars profugorum, [[fames|fame]] laboraverunt.<ref>Julia Neumann: Wirtschaftskrise im Libanon: Mit Tupperdosen zum Essensstand. In: Die Tageszeitung: taz. (die 9 Iunii 2023), ISSN 0931-9085</ref> Anno [[2024]], [[exercitus]] Israeliticus ad Hizbullah factionem dimicandam iterum partes Libani [[miles|militibus]] ac [[bomba|bombis]] aggreditur. Et anno [[2026]], dum [[impetus Israëlis et Civitatum Foederatarum in Iraniam anni 2026]] fit, exercitus Israeliticus [[populus|populos]] Libanici impetum dedit, ratione "pugnae Hizbullah", quod discrimen humanitarium parit.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c202652vvnjo BBC traces how 10 minutes of Israeli bombming brought devastation in Lebanon]</ref> == Gentes et religiones == Circa 95 centesimae gentis Libani sunt Arabes, 4 centesimae [[Armenia|Armeni]]. Publica lingua est [[lingua Arabica|Arabica]], plures etiam [[Francogallice]] et [[Anglice]] loquuntur. Quidam Christiani adhuc [[lingua Aramaica|linguam Aramaicam]] (sive Syriacam) in [[liturgia]] utuntur. Circa sexaginta quinque centesimae incolarum Musulmani (Druzis inclusis) sunt, reliqui Christiani. Numeri exacti non sunt. Musulmani in sectis (imprimis Sunnitica et Sciitica) divisi sunt. Plurimi Christianorum sunt [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholici]], plerumque ad [[Ecclesiae Catholicae Orientales|Ecclesias Catholicas Orientales]] pertinentes ([[Ecclesia Antiochena Maronitarum]], quae [[Ritus Byzantinus|ritu Byzantino]] utitur, et [[Ecclesia Graeco-Melchita Catholica]], quae [[Ritus Antiochenus|ritu Antiocheno]] utitur. Sunt autem et aliae factiones Christianae ([[Ecclesia Orthodoxa]], [[Ecclesia Apostolica Armena]] et aliae) in Libano. Maior pars Musulmanorum in partibus australibus et in Biqua valle vivunt, plurimi Christiani in medio Libano et in montibus. == Systema civitatis == [[Fasciculus:BeirutParliament.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Parlamentum Libani.]] Libanus ab anno [[1926]] est respublica, his diebus [[democratia]] [[parlamentum|parlamentaris]]. Res propter partes religionibus in civitate administranda assignatas difficiles moderatu atque instabiles sunt. Plures praesides aliique [[politicus|politici]] post civitatem sui iuris constitutam in officio aut postea interfecti sunt. [[Constitutio]], quam "consilium contitutionis" tuetur, anni [[1926]] postremo anno [[1999]] mutata est. Quattuor munera civitatis suprema membris certarum religionum reservata sunt: * [[Dux civitatis]] Christianus [[Ecclesia Antiochena Maronitarum|Maronita]] esse debet, * Praeses parlamenti Musulmanus [[Secta Siitica|Siiticus]] esse debet, * Caput regiminis Musulmanus [[Secta Sunnitica|Sunniticus]] esse debet, * [[Archistrategus]] exercitus Christianus esse debet. Hae regulae anno [[1989]] confirmatae non in constitutione anni 1926 positae sunt, sed in "Pacto Nationali" anni [[1943]]. Dux civitatis sexto quoque anno eligitur, statim post munus exactum eligi non potest. [[Ius]] [[suffragium|suffragii]] est civibus, qui 21 annos compleverunt. Parlamentum (Maǧlis an-Nuwwāb) 128 membrorum quarto quoque anno eligitur. Sedes religionibus forma sequenti attributae sunt: {| class="wikitable center" ![[Ecclesia Antiochena Maronitarum|Maronitae]] ![[Secta Siitica|Musulmani Siitici]] ![[Secta Sunnitica|Musulmani Sunnitici]] ![[Ecclesia Orthodoxa Antiochena|Christiani Graeco-Orthodoxi Antiocheni]] ![[Druzi]] ![[Ecclesia Graeco-Melchita Catholica|Melchitae]] ![[Ecclesia Apostolica Armena|Armeni Orthodoxi]] ![[Alavites (Nusairites)]] ![[Ecclesia Armeno-Catholica|Armeni Catholici]] ![[Protestantes]] ![[Minoritas|Minoritates]] |- |34 sedes |27 sedes |27 sedes |14 sedes |8 sedes |8 sedes |5 sedes |2 sedes |1 sedes |1 sedes |1 sedes | colspan="11" |128 sedes ex toto |} Aliter ac aliae civitates Arabicae Libanus multas factiones habet, quae varias societatis voluntates exprimunt. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Aana (Libanus)]] * [[Ecclesia Antiochena Maronitarum]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Lebanon|Libanum}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{Asia}} {{Capsae collectae|Libanus|politica|{{Praesides Libani}}{{Primi ministri Libani}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Libanenses}}}} [[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1941]] [[Categoria:Libanus|!]] {{Myrias|Geographia}} 3pcwii87flo6s804oxtlswlydd31gab 0 11998 3959151 3869966 2026-05-11T15:14:06Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Aether}} [[Fasciculus:Ether-(general).png|thumb|Structura [[molecula]]e aetheris.]] '''Aether''' (-eris, ''m.'') est species [[compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]], cuius simplex [[formula chemica]] est ''<math>R_1-O-R_2</math>'', ubi ''R'' est [[alkyl]]. Alterum nomen (IUPAC) est '''alkoxyalkan,''' h.e. ''alkoxy'' = R-O. Aetheres similes sunt [[ester]]ibus, quae etiam C-O-C nexum habent. == Exempla == * Aether diethylicum: CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3 * [[Methoxymethan]] vel [[dimethylaether]] * [[Aethoxymethan]] vel [[ethylmethylaether]] vel [[methoxyaethan]] vel [[methylaethylaether]] * [[Aethoxyaethan]] vel [[diaethylaether]] (vulgo ''aether sulfuricus,'' a [[Valerius Cordus|Valerio Cordo]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] inventus) ==Bibliographia== *Heitmann, Wilhelm, Günther Strehlke, et Dieter Mayer. [[2002]]. "Ethers, Aliphatic." ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_023 *L. Reutter de Rosemont. [[1917]]. ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique.'' Lutetiae Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, p. 296. [[Categoria:Aether]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] {{Myrias|Physica}} eoxk0ig71zyiif0kauczej60di52uk4 3959152 3959151 2026-05-11T15:16:03Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Aether}} [[Fasciculus:Ether-(general).png|thumb|Structura [[molecula]]e aetheris.]] '''Aether''' (-eris, ''m.'') est species [[compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]], cuius simplex [[formula chemica]] est ''<math>R_1-O-R_2</math>'', ubi ''R'' est [[alkyl]]. Alterum nomen (IUPAC) est '''alkoxyalkan,''' h.e. ''alkoxy'' = R-O. Aetheres similes sunt [[ester]]ibus, quae etiam C-O-C nexum habent. == Exempla == * Aether diethylicum: CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃] * [[Methoxymethan]] vel [[dimethylaether]] * [[Aethoxymethan]] vel [[ethylmethylaether]] vel [[methoxyaethan]] vel [[methylaethylaether]] * [[Aethoxyaethan]] vel [[diaethylaether]] (vulgo ''aether sulfuricus,'' a [[Valerius Cordus|Valerio Cordo]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] inventus) ==Bibliographia== *Heitmann, Wilhelm, Günther Strehlke, et Dieter Mayer. [[2002]]. "Ethers, Aliphatic." ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_023 *L. Reutter de Rosemont. [[1917]]. ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique.'' Lutetiae Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, p. 296. [[Categoria:Aether]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] {{Myrias|Physica}} qd0rgb022xwf98loy70s6w3uy0tfno6 3959153 3959152 2026-05-11T15:16:21Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Exempla */ 3959153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Aether}} [[Fasciculus:Ether-(general).png|thumb|Structura [[molecula]]e aetheris.]] '''Aether''' (-eris, ''m.'') est species [[compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]], cuius simplex [[formula chemica]] est ''<math>R_1-O-R_2</math>'', ubi ''R'' est [[alkyl]]. Alterum nomen (IUPAC) est '''alkoxyalkan,''' h.e. ''alkoxy'' = R-O. Aetheres similes sunt [[ester]]ibus, quae etiam C-O-C nexum habent. == Exempla == * Aether diethylicum: CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃ * [[Methoxymethan]] vel [[dimethylaether]] * [[Aethoxymethan]] vel [[ethylmethylaether]] vel [[methoxyaethan]] vel [[methylaethylaether]] * [[Aethoxyaethan]] vel [[diaethylaether]] (vulgo ''aether sulfuricus,'' a [[Valerius Cordus|Valerio Cordo]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] inventus) ==Bibliographia== *Heitmann, Wilhelm, Günther Strehlke, et Dieter Mayer. [[2002]]. "Ethers, Aliphatic." ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_023 *L. Reutter de Rosemont. [[1917]]. ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique.'' Lutetiae Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, p. 296. [[Categoria:Aether]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 4e1m295dijkpw6fwjb97cneg6kl300r 3959155 3959153 2026-05-11T15:22:05Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Aether}} [[Fasciculus:Ether-(general).png|thumb|Structura [[molecula]]e aetheris.]] '''Aether''' (-eris, ''m.'') est species [[compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]], cuius simplex [[formula chemica]] est ''<math>R_1-O-R_2</math>'', ubi ''R'' est [[alkyl]]. Alterum nomen (IUPAC) est '''alkoxyalkan,''' h.e. ''alkoxy'' = R-O. Aetheres similes sunt [[ester]]ibus, quae etiam C-O-C nexum habent. Ita fit tamquam si in molecula aquae H-O-H in locum duorum atomorum hydrogenii greges alkyla posueris. == Exempla == * Aether diethylicum: CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃ * [[Methoxymethan]] vel [[dimethylaether]] * [[Aethoxymethan]] vel [[ethylmethylaether]] vel [[methoxyaethan]] vel [[methylaethylaether]] * [[Aethoxyaethan]] vel [[diaethylaether]] (vulgo ''aether sulfuricus,'' a [[Valerius Cordus|Valerio Cordo]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] inventus) ==Bibliographia== *Heitmann, Wilhelm, Günther Strehlke, et Dieter Mayer. [[2002]]. "Ethers, Aliphatic." ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_023 *L. Reutter de Rosemont. [[1917]]. ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique.'' Lutetiae Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, p. 296. [[Categoria:Aether]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] {{Myrias|Physica}} tix5t5g3hu0g580l96b80nywokp8t9v 3959156 3959155 2026-05-11T15:33:22Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Aether}} [[Fasciculus:Ether-(general).png|thumb|Structura [[molecula]]e aetheris.]] '''Aether''' (-eris, ''m.'') est species [[compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]], cuius simplex [[formula chemica]] est ''<math>R_1-O-R_2</math>'', ubi ''R'' est [[alkyl]]. Alterum nomen (IUPAC) est '''alkoxyalkan,''' h.e. ''alkoxy'' = R-O. Aetheres similes sunt [[ester]]ibus, quae etiam C-O-C nexum habent. Ita fit tamquam si in molecula aquae H-O-H in locum duorum atomorum hydrogenii greges alkyla posueris. == Exempla == * Aether diethylicum: CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃ * [[Methoxymethan]] vel [[dimethylaether]] * [[Aethoxymethan]] vel [[ethylmethylaether]] vel [[methoxyaethan]] vel [[methylaethylaether]] * [[Aethoxyaethan]] vel [[diaethylaether]] (vulgo ''aether sulfuricus,'' a [[Valerius Cordus|Valerio Cordo]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] inventus) == De proprietatibus == In aequa [[Massa molaris|massa molari]] aetheres magis volatilia [[alcohol (chemica)|acoholibus]] sunt - hoc est [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] multo inferiore [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] - quia [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se non iungunt. Ob eandem rationem in aqua minus facile [[Solutio (chemia)|solvuntur]]. ==Bibliographia== *Heitmann, Wilhelm, Günther Strehlke, et Dieter Mayer. [[2002]]. "Ethers, Aliphatic." ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_023 *L. Reutter de Rosemont. [[1917]]. ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique.'' Lutetiae Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, p. 296. [[Categoria:Aether]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] {{Myrias|Physica}} qw4dv6tuqozpsnebs1qcqd562uq0x83 3959161 3959156 2026-05-11T15:39:19Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De proprietatibus */ 3959161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Aether}} [[Fasciculus:Ether-(general).png|thumb|Structura [[molecula]]e aetheris.]] '''Aether''' (-eris, ''m.'') est species [[compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]], cuius simplex [[formula chemica]] est ''<math>R_1-O-R_2</math>'', ubi ''R'' est [[alkyl]]. Alterum nomen (IUPAC) est '''alkoxyalkan,''' h.e. ''alkoxy'' = R-O. Aetheres similes sunt [[ester]]ibus, quae etiam C-O-C nexum habent. Ita fit tamquam si in molecula aquae H-O-H in locum duorum atomorum hydrogenii greges alkyla posueris. == Exempla == * Aether diethylicum: CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃ * [[Methoxymethan]] vel [[dimethylaether]] * [[Aethoxymethan]] vel [[ethylmethylaether]] vel [[methoxyaethan]] vel [[methylaethylaether]] * [[Aethoxyaethan]] vel [[diaethylaether]] (vulgo ''aether sulfuricus,'' a [[Valerius Cordus|Valerio Cordo]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] inventus) == De proprietatibus == In aequa [[Massa molaris|massa molari]] aetheres magis volatilia [[alcohol (chemica)|acoholibus]] sunt - hoc est [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] multo inferiore [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] - quia illorum moleculae [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se non iungunt. Ob eandem rationem in aqua minus facile [[Solutio (chemia)|solvuntur]]. Simul cum ceteris corporibus parum [[Reactio chemica|reagunt]]: non enim [[polaritas (chemia)|polarizati]] sunt et ideo corpora organica libenter solvunt. ==Bibliographia== *Heitmann, Wilhelm, Günther Strehlke, et Dieter Mayer. [[2002]]. "Ethers, Aliphatic." ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_023 *L. Reutter de Rosemont. [[1917]]. ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique.'' Lutetiae Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, p. 296. [[Categoria:Aether]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] {{Myrias|Physica}} auxh71dx7v3oli7r8ocbt8l71fv7xte 3959163 3959161 2026-05-11T15:42:04Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De proprietatibus */ 3959163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Aether}} [[Fasciculus:Ether-(general).png|thumb|Structura [[molecula]]e aetheris.]] '''Aether''' (-eris, ''m.'') est species [[compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]], cuius simplex [[formula chemica]] est ''<math>R_1-O-R_2</math>'', ubi ''R'' est [[alkyl]]. Alterum nomen (IUPAC) est '''alkoxyalkan,''' h.e. ''alkoxy'' = R-O. Aetheres similes sunt [[ester]]ibus, quae etiam C-O-C nexum habent. Ita fit tamquam si in molecula aquae H-O-H in locum duorum atomorum hydrogenii greges alkyla posueris. == Exempla == * Aether diethylicum: CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃ * [[Methoxymethan]] vel [[dimethylaether]] * [[Aethoxymethan]] vel [[ethylmethylaether]] vel [[methoxyaethan]] vel [[methylaethylaether]] * [[Aethoxyaethan]] vel [[diaethylaether]] (vulgo ''aether sulfuricus,'' a [[Valerius Cordus|Valerio Cordo]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] inventus) == De proprietatibus == In aequa [[Massa molaris|massa molari]] aetheres magis volatilia [[alcohol|acoholibus]] sunt - hoc est [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] multo inferiore [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] - quia illorum moleculae [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se non iungunt. Ob eandem rationem in aqua minus facile [[Solutio (chemia)|solvuntur]]. Simul cum ceteris corporibus parum [[Reactio chemica|reagunt]]: non enim [[polaritas (chemia)|polarizati]] sunt et ideo corpora organica libenter solvunt. Sed inflammabiles esse solent et eorum usus periculosus habetur. ==Bibliographia== *Heitmann, Wilhelm, Günther Strehlke, et Dieter Mayer. [[2002]]. "Ethers, Aliphatic." ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_023 *L. Reutter de Rosemont. [[1917]]. ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique.'' Lutetiae Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, p. 296. [[Categoria:Aether]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] {{Myrias|Physica}} oksns5stidgff8fvj1i780xfgaxvm55 3959164 3959163 2026-05-11T15:43:10Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De proprietatibus */ 3959164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Aether}} [[Fasciculus:Ether-(general).png|thumb|Structura [[molecula]]e aetheris.]] '''Aether''' (-eris, ''m.'') est species [[compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]], cuius simplex [[formula chemica]] est ''<math>R_1-O-R_2</math>'', ubi ''R'' est [[alkyl]]. Alterum nomen (IUPAC) est '''alkoxyalkan,''' h.e. ''alkoxy'' = R-O. Aetheres similes sunt [[ester]]ibus, quae etiam C-O-C nexum habent. Ita fit tamquam si in molecula aquae H-O-H in locum duorum atomorum hydrogenii greges alkyla posueris. == Exempla == * Aether diethylicum: CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃ * [[Methoxymethan]] vel [[dimethylaether]] * [[Aethoxymethan]] vel [[ethylmethylaether]] vel [[methoxyaethan]] vel [[methylaethylaether]] * [[Aethoxyaethan]] vel [[diaethylaether]] (vulgo ''aether sulfuricus,'' a [[Valerius Cordus|Valerio Cordo]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] inventus) == De proprietatibus == In aequa [[Massa molaris|massa molari]] aetheres magis volatilia [[alcohol|acoholibus]] sunt - hoc est [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] multo inferiore [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] - quia illorum moleculae [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se non iungunt. Ob eandem rationem in aqua minus facile [[Solutio (chemia)|solvuntur]] quam alcoholia. Simul cum ceteris corporibus parum [[Reactio chemica|reagunt]]: non enim [[polaritas (chemia)|polarizati]] sunt et ideo corpora organica libenter solvunt. Sed inflammabiles esse solent et eorum usus periculosus habetur. ==Bibliographia== *Heitmann, Wilhelm, Günther Strehlke, et Dieter Mayer. [[2002]]. "Ethers, Aliphatic." ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_023 *L. Reutter de Rosemont. [[1917]]. ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique.'' Lutetiae Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, p. 296. [[Categoria:Aether]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] {{Myrias|Physica}} oeog9uoxs3ibe7349bvtmdsvxrkq6y8 3959165 3959164 2026-05-11T15:47:23Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Bibliographia */ 3959165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Aether}} [[Fasciculus:Ether-(general).png|thumb|Structura [[molecula]]e aetheris.]] '''Aether''' (-eris, ''m.'') est species [[compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]], cuius simplex [[formula chemica]] est ''<math>R_1-O-R_2</math>'', ubi ''R'' est [[alkyl]]. Alterum nomen (IUPAC) est '''alkoxyalkan,''' h.e. ''alkoxy'' = R-O. Aetheres similes sunt [[ester]]ibus, quae etiam C-O-C nexum habent. Ita fit tamquam si in molecula aquae H-O-H in locum duorum atomorum hydrogenii greges alkyla posueris. == Exempla == * Aether diethylicum: CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃ * [[Methoxymethan]] vel [[dimethylaether]] * [[Aethoxymethan]] vel [[ethylmethylaether]] vel [[methoxyaethan]] vel [[methylaethylaether]] * [[Aethoxyaethan]] vel [[diaethylaether]] (vulgo ''aether sulfuricus,'' a [[Valerius Cordus|Valerio Cordo]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] inventus) == De proprietatibus == In aequa [[Massa molaris|massa molari]] aetheres magis volatilia [[alcohol|acoholibus]] sunt - hoc est [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] multo inferiore [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] - quia illorum moleculae [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se non iungunt. Ob eandem rationem in aqua minus facile [[Solutio (chemia)|solvuntur]] quam alcoholia. Simul cum ceteris corporibus parum [[Reactio chemica|reagunt]]: non enim [[polaritas (chemia)|polarizati]] sunt et ideo corpora organica libenter solvunt. Sed inflammabiles esse solent et eorum usus periculosus habetur. ==Bibliographia== *Heitmann, Wilhelm, Günther Strehlke, et Dieter Mayer. [[2002]]. "Ethers, Aliphatic." ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_023 *L. Reutter de Rosemont. [[1917]]. ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique.'' Lutetiae Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, p. 296. == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ethers aetheres] spectant [[Categoria:Aether]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] {{Myrias|Physica}} aw666kw6hollzqkd88cmitykjbahyqc 3959166 3959165 2026-05-11T15:48:56Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Aether}} [[Fasciculus:Ether-(general).png|thumb|Structura [[molecula]]e aetheris.]] '''Aether''' (-eris, ''m.'') est species [[compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]] [[Chemia organica|organicorum]], cuius simplex [[formula chemica]] est ''<math>R_1-O-R_2</math>'', ubi ''R'' est [[alkyl]]. Alterum nomen (IUPAC) est '''alkoxyalkan,''' h.e. ''alkoxy'' = R-O. Aetheres similes sunt [[ester]]ibus, quae etiam C-O-C nexum habent. Ita fit tamquam si in molecula aquae H-O-H in locum duorum atomorum hydrogenii greges alkyla posueris. == Exempla == * Aether diethylicum: CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃ * [[Methoxymethan]] vel [[dimethylaether]] * [[Aethoxymethan]] vel [[ethylmethylaether]] vel [[methoxyaethan]] vel [[methylaethylaether]] * [[Aethoxyaethan]] vel [[diaethylaether]] (vulgo ''aether sulfuricus,'' a [[Valerius Cordus|Valerio Cordo]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] inventus) == De proprietatibus == In aequa [[Massa molaris|massa molari]] aetheres magis volatilia [[alcohol|acoholibus]] sunt - hoc est [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] multo inferiore [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] - quia illorum moleculae [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se non iungunt. Ob eandem rationem in aqua minus facile [[Solutio (chemia)|solvuntur]] quam alcoholia. Simul cum ceteris corporibus parum [[Reactio chemica|reagunt]]: non enim [[polaritas (chemia)|polarizati]] sunt et ideo corpora organica libenter solvunt. Sed inflammabiles esse solent et eorum usus periculosus habetur. ==Bibliographia== *Heitmann, Wilhelm, Günther Strehlke, et Dieter Mayer. [[2002]]. "Ethers, Aliphatic." ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_023 *L. Reutter de Rosemont. [[1917]]. ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique.'' Lutetiae Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, p. 296. == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ethers aetheres] spectant [[Categoria:Aether]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] {{Myrias|Physica}} brkf2s9r8p7sgiukediwsvbuzhnygsj 3959167 3959166 2026-05-11T15:57:41Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ 3959167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Aether}} [[Fasciculus:Ether-(general).png|thumb|Structura [[molecula]]e aetheris.]] '''Aether''' (-eris, ''m.'') est species [[compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]] [[Chemia organica|organicorum]], cuius simplex [[formula chemica]] est ''<math>R_1-O-R_2</math>'', ubi ''R'' est [[alkyl]]. Alterum nomen (IUPAC) est '''alkoxyalkan,''' h.e. ''alkoxy'' = R-O. Aetheres similes sunt [[ester]]ibus, quae etiam C-O-C nexum habent. Ita fit tamquam si in molecula aquae H-O-H in locum duorum atomorum hydrogenii greges alkyla posueris. == Exempla == * Aether diethylicum: CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃ * [[Methoxymethan]] vel [[dimethylaether]] * [[Aethoxymethan]] vel [[ethylmethylaether]] vel [[methoxyaethan]] vel [[methylaethylaether]] * [[Aethoxyaethan]] vel [[diaethylaether]] (vulgo ''aether sulfuricus,'' a [[Valerius Cordus|Valerio Cordo]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] inventus) == De proprietatibus == In aequa [[Massa molaris|massa molari]] aetheres magis volatilia [[alcohol|acoholibus]] sunt - hoc est [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] multo inferiore [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] - quia illorum moleculae [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se non iungunt. Ob eandem rationem in aqua minus facile [[Solutio (chemia)|solvuntur]] quam alcoholia. Simul cum ceteris corporibus parum [[Reactio chemica|reagunt]]: non enim [[polaritas (chemia)|polarizati]] sunt et ideo corpora organica libenter solvunt. Sed inflammabiles esse solent et eorum usus periculosus habetur. ==Bibliographia== *Heitmann, Wilhelm, Günther Strehlke, et Dieter Mayer. [[2002]]. "Ethers, Aliphatic." ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_023 *L. Reutter de Rosemont. [[1917]]. ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique.'' Lutetiae Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, p. 296. == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ethers aetheres] spectant * [https://www.ai-futureschool.com/fr/chimie/comprendre-les-ethers-en-chimie.php Découvrez les éthers, leurs structures chimiques, leurs propriétés uniques et leurs nombreuses applications dans divers domaines de la chimie.] [[Francogallice|Francogallice.]] [[Categoria:Aether]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 9cxverntsba3a94kn8me2onriyacyah 3959190 3959167 2026-05-11T19:47:29Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ 3959190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Aether}} [[Fasciculus:Ether-(general).png|thumb|Structura [[molecula]]e aetheris.]] '''Aether''' (-eris, ''m.'') est species [[compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]] [[Chemia organica|organicorum]], cuius simplex [[formula chemica]] est ''<math>R_1-O-R_2</math>'', ubi ''R'' est [[alkyl]]. Alterum nomen (IUPAC) est '''alkoxyalkan,''' h.e. ''alkoxy'' = R-O. Aetheres similes sunt [[ester]]ibus, quae etiam C-O-C nexum habent. Ita fit tamquam si in molecula aquae H-O-H in locum duorum atomorum hydrogenii greges alkyla posueris. == Exempla == * Aether diethylicum: CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃ * [[Methoxymethan]] vel [[dimethylaether]] * [[Aethoxymethan]] vel [[ethylmethylaether]] vel [[methoxyaethan]] vel [[methylaethylaether]] * [[Aethoxyaethan]] vel [[diaethylaether]] (vulgo ''aether sulfuricus,'' a [[Valerius Cordus|Valerio Cordo]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] inventus) == De proprietatibus == In aequa [[Massa molaris|massa molari]] aetheres magis volatilia [[alcohol|acoholibus]] sunt - hoc est [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] multo inferiore [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] - quia illorum moleculae [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se non iungunt. Ob eandem rationem in aqua minus facile [[Solutio (chemia)|solvuntur]] quam alcoholia. Simul cum ceteris corporibus parum [[Reactio chemica|reagunt]]: non enim [[polaritas (chemia)|polarizati]] sunt et ideo corpora organica libenter solvunt. Sed inflammabiles esse solent et eorum usus periculosus habetur. ==Bibliographia== *Heitmann, Wilhelm, Günther Strehlke, et Dieter Mayer. [[2002]]. "Ethers, Aliphatic." ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_023 *L. Reutter de Rosemont. [[1917]]. ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique.'' Lutetiae Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, p. 296. == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ethers aetheres] spectant * [https://www.ai-futureschool.com/fr/chimie/comprendre-les-ethers-en-chimie.php Découvrez les éthers, leurs structures chimiques, leurs propriétés uniques et leurs nombreuses applications dans divers domaines de la chimie.] [[Francogallice|Francogallice.]] *[https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/supplementintroductionavanceecollegechimieorganiquebiochimie/chapter/23-6-ethers-structure-et-denomination/ Éthers – Structure et dénomination] [[Categoria:Aether]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] {{Myrias|Physica}} oa80bykbeezodg6m10rda8wf161bzwy 3959191 3959190 2026-05-11T19:50:08Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Exempla */ 3959191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Aether}} [[Fasciculus:Ether-(general).png|thumb|Structura [[molecula]]e aetheris.]] '''Aether''' (-eris, ''m.'') est species [[compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]] [[Chemia organica|organicorum]], cuius simplex [[formula chemica]] est ''<math>R_1-O-R_2</math>'', ubi ''R'' est [[alkyl]]. Alterum nomen (IUPAC) est '''alkoxyalkan,''' h.e. ''alkoxy'' = R-O. Aetheres similes sunt [[ester]]ibus, quae etiam C-O-C nexum habent. Ita fit tamquam si in molecula aquae H-O-H in locum duorum atomorum hydrogenii greges alkyla posueris. == Exempla == * Aether diethylicum vel ethoxyethan: CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃ quae prima substantia [[Anaesthesia|anaesthesica]] in [[chirurgia]] adhibita fuit * [[Methoxymethan]] vel [[dimethylaether]] * [[Aethoxymethan]] vel [[ethylmethylaether]] vel [[methoxyaethan]] vel [[methylaethylaether]] * [[Aethoxyaethan]] vel [[diaethylaether]] (vulgo ''aether sulfuricus,'' a [[Valerius Cordus|Valerio Cordo]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] inventus) == De proprietatibus == In aequa [[Massa molaris|massa molari]] aetheres magis volatilia [[alcohol|acoholibus]] sunt - hoc est [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] multo inferiore [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] - quia illorum moleculae [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se non iungunt. Ob eandem rationem in aqua minus facile [[Solutio (chemia)|solvuntur]] quam alcoholia. Simul cum ceteris corporibus parum [[Reactio chemica|reagunt]]: non enim [[polaritas (chemia)|polarizati]] sunt et ideo corpora organica libenter solvunt. Sed inflammabiles esse solent et eorum usus periculosus habetur. ==Bibliographia== *Heitmann, Wilhelm, Günther Strehlke, et Dieter Mayer. [[2002]]. "Ethers, Aliphatic." ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_023 *L. Reutter de Rosemont. [[1917]]. ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique.'' Lutetiae Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, p. 296. == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ethers aetheres] spectant * [https://www.ai-futureschool.com/fr/chimie/comprendre-les-ethers-en-chimie.php Découvrez les éthers, leurs structures chimiques, leurs propriétés uniques et leurs nombreuses applications dans divers domaines de la chimie.] [[Francogallice|Francogallice.]] *[https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/supplementintroductionavanceecollegechimieorganiquebiochimie/chapter/23-6-ethers-structure-et-denomination/ Éthers – Structure et dénomination] [[Categoria:Aether]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] {{Myrias|Physica}} qb1ph85mlo9qybsdfinqoi56eqfmdn5 3959192 3959191 2026-05-11T19:52:42Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Exempla */ 3959192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Aether}} [[Fasciculus:Ether-(general).png|thumb|Structura [[molecula]]e aetheris.]] '''Aether''' (-eris, ''m.'') est species [[compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]] [[Chemia organica|organicorum]], cuius simplex [[formula chemica]] est ''<math>R_1-O-R_2</math>'', ubi ''R'' est [[alkyl]]. Alterum nomen (IUPAC) est '''alkoxyalkan,''' h.e. ''alkoxy'' = R-O. Aetheres similes sunt [[ester]]ibus, quae etiam C-O-C nexum habent. Ita fit tamquam si in molecula aquae H-O-H in locum duorum atomorum hydrogenii greges alkyla posueris. == Exempla == * Aether diethylicum vel ethoxyethan: CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃ quae prima substantia [[Anaesthesia|anaesthesica]] in [[chirurgia]] adhibita fuit, certe iam anno 1846 * [[Methoxymethan]] vel [[dimethylaether]] * [[Aethoxymethan]] vel [[ethylmethylaether]] vel [[methoxyaethan]] vel [[methylaethylaether]] * [[Aethoxyaethan]] vel [[diaethylaether]] (vulgo ''aether sulfuricus,'' a [[Valerius Cordus|Valerio Cordo]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] inventus) == De proprietatibus == In aequa [[Massa molaris|massa molari]] aetheres magis volatilia [[alcohol|acoholibus]] sunt - hoc est [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] multo inferiore [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] - quia illorum moleculae [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se non iungunt. Ob eandem rationem in aqua minus facile [[Solutio (chemia)|solvuntur]] quam alcoholia. Simul cum ceteris corporibus parum [[Reactio chemica|reagunt]]: non enim [[polaritas (chemia)|polarizati]] sunt et ideo corpora organica libenter solvunt. Sed inflammabiles esse solent et eorum usus periculosus habetur. ==Bibliographia== *Heitmann, Wilhelm, Günther Strehlke, et Dieter Mayer. [[2002]]. "Ethers, Aliphatic." ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_023 *L. Reutter de Rosemont. [[1917]]. ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique.'' Lutetiae Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, p. 296. == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ethers aetheres] spectant * [https://www.ai-futureschool.com/fr/chimie/comprendre-les-ethers-en-chimie.php Découvrez les éthers, leurs structures chimiques, leurs propriétés uniques et leurs nombreuses applications dans divers domaines de la chimie.] [[Francogallice|Francogallice.]] *[https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/supplementintroductionavanceecollegechimieorganiquebiochimie/chapter/23-6-ethers-structure-et-denomination/ Éthers – Structure et dénomination] [[Categoria:Aether]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 61swxbv41m474r6kegfsed82a6hcpf5 0 12000 3959147 2644692 2026-05-11T15:08:27Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{discretiva}} '''Aether''' {{victio|Aether|eris|m}} significare potest: # [[Caelum]] aut [[aer]]. # [[Aether (physica)]], quod omne spatium complet. # [[Aether (chemica)]], genus [[Compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]]. # [[Aether (deus)]], exemplar aeris superioris clari in mythologia Graeca. # [[Aether (elementum)]], quintum elementum classicum in alchemia et philosophia apud [[Physica Aristotelea|Physicam Aristoteleam]]. dqrwsadnugobsjfv1sgpjc1pm1j2t0r 3959148 3959147 2026-05-11T15:09:07Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{discretiva}} '''Aether''' {{victio|Aether|eris|m}} significare potest: # [[Caelum]] aut [[aer]]. # [[Aether (physica)]], quod omne spatium complet. # [[Aether (chemica)]], genus [[Compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]]. # [[Aether (deus)]], exemplar aeris superioris clari in mythologia Graeca. # [[Aether (elementum)]], quintum elementum classicum in alchemia et philosophia apud [[Physica Aristotelea|physicam Aristoteleam]]. jg5bs5mi5po2c5jrzr1qzpxe0t7mozd 3959149 3959148 2026-05-11T15:10:27Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{discretiva}} '''Aether''' {{victio|Aether|eris|m}} significare potest: # [[Caelum]] aut [[aer]]. # [[Aether (physica)]], quod omne spatium complet. # [[Aether (chemica)]], genus [[Compositum chemicum|compositorum chemicorum]]. # [[Aether (deus)]], exemplar aeris superioris igniti in mythologia Graeca. # [[Aether (elementum)]], quintum elementum classicum in alchemia et philosophia apud [[Physica Aristotelea|physicam Aristoteleam]]. 7lgyhgo4hp7ghqw78we20x5mxz7i1yv 0 15998 3959221 3943223 2026-05-12T04:28:29Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|41|53|47.4|N|12|28|18.4|E|display=title}} {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Rota (discretiva)}} {| class="wikitable floatright" ! colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Rotae Romanae Tribunal <div style="float:right">{{Vexillum icon|Civitas Vaticana}}</div> |- | valign="top" | Sedes || Palatium Cancellariae, [[Roma]]<br />[[Fasciculus:Parione - palazzo Riario o Cancelleria nuova 1628.JPG|Palatium Cancellariae, sedes Rotae Romanae ab anno 1940|180px]] |- | valign="top" | Decanus || Alexander Arellano Cedillo<br /><small>(ab anno 2021)</small><ref>{{AAS|2021|439}}</ref> |- | valign="top" | Moderator<br />Cancellariae || Daniel Cancilla<br /><small>(ab anno 2017)</small><ref>{{AAS|2017|685}}</ref> |- | valign="top" | Sigillum ||align="center"| [[Fasciculus:Rotae Romanae Tribunal – sigillum.jpg|Sigillum Rotae Romanae|100px]] |} '''Rota Romana''' (breviter ''RR'', seu ''Rotae Romanae Tribunal''; usque ad annos 1980 ''Sacra Romana Rota'', breviter ''SRR''; tum usque ad annos 1990 ''Apostolicum Rotae Romanae Tribunal'', breviter ''ARRT'') est [[Iudicium|tribunal]] ordinarium a [[Papa|Romano Pontifice]] constitutum appellationibus recipiendis ({{CIC83|1443}}). Rotae Romanae Tribunal ''Normis''<ref name="Normae">''Normae'', {{AAS|1994|508}} (120 artt., Latine), [https://summa.upsa.es/high.raw?id=0000005867&name=00000001.original.pdf REDC 52 (1995) 231] (Hispanice); olim {{AAS|1982|490}} (65 artt.) et {{AAS|1934|449}} (185 artt.); antea ''Lex propria'' {{AAS|1909|20}}/''Regulae servandae'' {{AAS|1910|783}} (238 §§)</ref> regitur. [[Tribunal]] certo numero [[Iudex|Iudicum]] seu [[Praelatus|Praelatorum]] Auditorum constat, qui, e variis [[orbis terrarum|terrarum orbis]] partibus a Summo Pontifice selecti, collegium constituunt. Eidem collegio primus inter pares praeest decanus, ex ipsis iudicibus a Summo Pontifice pariter nominatus.<ref>''Normae'', Art. 1.</ref> Nomen Rotae Romanae fortasse derivatur a pavimento [[Opus tessellatum|tessellato]] in [[Palatium paparum|palatio]] [[Papae Avenionenses|Paparum Avionensum]], ubi Rota [[saeculum 14|saeculo quarto decimo]] convenit. Ex anno [[1940]] in Palatio Cancellariae sedem habet. Praeclarum proverbium de Rota Romana est ''Roma locuta, causa soluta.'' == Munera et potestas == Rotae Romanae Tribunal iudicat: # ''in secunda instantia'', causas ab ordinariis tribunalibus primae instantiae diiudicatas, quae ad Sanctam Sedem per appellationem legitimam deferuntur; # ''in tertia vel ulteriore instantia'', causas ab eodem Tribunali Apostolico et ab aliis quibusvis tribunalibus iam cognitas, nisi in rem iudicatam transierint.<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/it/apost_constitutions/documents/20220319-costituzione-ap-praedicate-evangelium.html#Tribunale_della_Rota_Romana ''Praedicate Evangelium''], Art. 202 (olim [https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/la/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19880628_pastor-bonus.html#TRIBUNALIA ''Pastor Bonus''], Art. 128, {{AAS|1988|841}}, 893)</ref> Idem vero ''in prima instantia'' iudicat: # [[Episcopus|Episcopos]] in contentiosis, modo ne agatur de iuribus aut bonis temporalibus personae iuridicae ab Episcopo repraesentatae; # [[Abbas|Abbates]] primates, vel Abbates superiores congregationis monasticae et supremos Moderatores Institutorum religiosorum iuris pontificii; # dioeceses ceterasve personas ecclesiasticas, sive physicas sive iuridicas, quae superiorem infra Romanum Pontificem non habent; # causas quas Romanus Pontifex eidem Tribunali commiserit; easdem causas, nisi aliter cautum sit, etiam in secunda et ulteriore instantia agit.<ref>''Praedicate Evangelium'', Art. 203 (olim ''Pastor Bonus'', Art. 129)</ref> Apud Tribunal Officium est constitutum, cuius est cognoscere de facto inconsummationis matrimonii et de exsistentia iustae causae ad dispensationem concedendam.<ref>''Quaerit semper'', {{AAS|2011|569}}; ''Praedicate Evangelium'', Art. 200 § 2 (olim ''Pastor Bonus'', Art. 126 § 2)</ref> In [[Hispania]] Tribunal Rotae Nuntiaturae Apostolicae munera Rotae Romanae suscipit.<ref>''Motu Proprio de Rotae Nuntiaturae Apostolicae in Hispania denuo constituenda'', {{AAS|1947|155}}; ''Normae'', {{AAS|2000|5}}</ref> [[Supremum Tribunal Signaturae Apostolicae]] cognoscit, inter alia, querelas nullitatis et petitiones restitutionis in integrum contra sententias Rotae Romanae.<ref>''Praedicate Evangelium'', Art. 196 (olim ''Pastor Bonus'', Art. 122)</ref> == Officii == [[Fasciculus:Cortile, Palazzo della Cancelleria, Roma.jpg|thumb|Atrium Palatii Cancellariae.]] [[Fasciculus:Roman Rota.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Auditores in oratione de [[Spiritus Sanctus|S. Spiritus]] adventu.]] Apud Rotae Romanae Tribunal agunt: * Decanus (''Normae'',<ref name="Normae" /> Artt. 1, 2) * Iudices seu Auditores (Artt. 3, 4), ca. 20<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211018163425/https://www.iuscangreg.it/rota_galleria.php?lang=IT Galleria fotografica della Rota Romana]; [http://www.canonlaw.info/personal_rotademo.htm Iudices 1983–2012]</ref> ** Turnus et Ponens (Art. 18) ** Collegium (Artt. 1, 13, 16, 42 et al.) * [[Promotor iustitiae]], quem Adiunctus coadiuvat (Artt. 6, 24–28) * [[Defensor vinculi|Defensor/Defendrix]]<ref>[https://www.vaticannews.va/de/vatikan/news/2018-11/nuntii-latini-die-13-mensis-novembris-2018.html Nuntii Latini – Die 13 mensis novembris 2018]: "Summus Pontifex Franciscus primum mulierem ''[Mariam Fratangelo]'' ad munus defendricis vinculi apud Rotam Romanam exercendum nominavit."</ref> [[Defensor vinculi|vinculi]] et Substituti (Artt. 7, 29–30) * Cancellariae Moderator (Artt. 8, 31–32) ** [[Notarius|Notarii]] (Artt. 9, 33–36) ** Archivista (Art. 10 § 1, Art. 37) ** Arcarius seu Ratiocinator (Art. 10 § 2, Art. 38) ** Addicti (Artt. 11, 39) ** Apparitores/Cursores (Artt. 12, 40) * ''praeterea:'' procuratores et advocati (Artt. 47–49) === Decani ab anno 1908 === {{div col|2}} # Michael Lega (1908–1914)<ref>{{AAS|1909|130}}</ref> # Guilelmus Sebastianelli (1914–1920) # Serafinus Many (1920–1921) # Ioannes Prior (1921–1926) # Maximus Massimi (1926–1935) # Iulius Grazioli (1936–1944) # Andreas Jullien (1944–1958) # Guillelmus Heard (1958–1959) # Franciscus Brennan (1959–1967) # Boleslaus Filipiak (1967–1976) # Carolus Lefebvre (1976–1978) # Henricus Ewers (1978–1982) # Arcturus De Iorio (1982–1985) # Ernestus Fiore (1985–1993) # Marius Franciscus Pompedda (1993–1999) # Raphael Funghini (1999–2004) # [[Antonius Stankiewicz]] (2004–2012) # [[Pius Vitus Pinto]] (2012–2021) # [[Alexander Arellano Cedillo]] (ab anno 2021) {{div col end}} == Collectiones decisionum == * Collectio sententiarum: ''Decisiones seu sententiae'' (RRDec; 1.1909/41.1949–; ISSN [https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/1022-7288/ 1022-7288]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}) : modus citandi: ''coram ___, sent. diei ___, RRDec., vol. ___, p. ___, n. ___'' : (e.&nbsp;g.: ''coram Pinto, sent. diei 11 iulii 2003, RRDec., vol. XCV, p. 487, n. 5'') * Collectio decretorum: ''Decreta selecta inter ea quae anno ... prodierunt'' (RRDecr; 1.1983–) : modus citandi: ''coram ___, decr. diei ___, RRDecr., vol. ___, p. ___, n. ___'' * Elenchus aliarum decisionum (1940–1999): ''Decisioni "extravagantes" della Rota Romana'' (a cura di [[Gregorius Erlebach|G. Erlebach]]), in: ''Quaderni Studio Rotale'' 11 (2001) 129–168 * Decisiones divulgatae in [[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]] (1909–1927): :{| class="wikitable" !rowspan="2"| Annum !!rowspan="2"| Numerus sententiarum !!colspan="2"| earum in [[Acta Apostolicae Sedis|AAS]] |- ! Causae nullitatis [[Matrimonium|matrimonii]] !! Causae iurium et poenales |- | 1.1909 || 19 (=9+10) || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-01-1909-ocr.pdf#page=524 6], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-01-1909-ocr.pdf#page=561 8], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-01-1909-ocr.pdf#page=660 12], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=121 19] || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-01-1909-ocr.pdf#page=294 1], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-01-1909-ocr.pdf#page=314 2], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-01-1909-ocr.pdf#page=422 4], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-01-1909-ocr.pdf#page=583 7], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-01-1909-ocr.pdf#page=589 9], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-01-1909-ocr.pdf#page=708 13] |- | 2.1910 || [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065015145;seq=13 34] (=21+13) || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=297 3], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=169 4], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=206 7], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=348 8], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=524 13], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=691 21], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=584 23], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=874 27], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=886 28], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=776 29], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=961 30], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=917 31], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=70 34] || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=237 1], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=83 2], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=333 5], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=128 6], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=450 9], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=492 11], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=418 14], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=554 16], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=747 19], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=768 20], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-02-1910-ocr.pdf#page=860 25] |- | 3.1911 || [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065015152;seq=13 45] (=28+17) || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=284 2], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=166 12], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=244 13], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=324 15], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=483 18], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=108 21] (V&nbsp;inst.), [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=438 23] (adopt./orient.), [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=398 24], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=497 27], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=525 29], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=661 30], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=157 43] (decr.), [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=146 44], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=327 45] || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=107 1], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=140 8], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=146 9], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=202 11], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=413 14], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=428 20], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=450 25], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=456 33], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=611 34], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=531 35], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-03-1911-ocr.pdf#page=572 37], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=85 38], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=32 41], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=119 42] |- | 4.1912 || [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065015160;seq=11 42] (=25+17) || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=182 3], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=277 6], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=377 9], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=503 11], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=474 18], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=629 24], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=646 26], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=670 28], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=675 31], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=164 32], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=708 35] || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=341 1], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=249 2], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=420 12], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=450 13], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=539 17], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=591 23], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-04-1912-ocr.pdf#page=731 34] |- | 5.1913 || [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065015178;seq=13 54] (=24+30) || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=44 1], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=253 5], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=201 8], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=312 16], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=340 20], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=372 21], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=439 23], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=464 25], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=552 38] || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=188 2], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=97 4], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=74 6], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=217 7], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=280 10], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=133 11], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=125 14], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=197 15], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=400 26], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=499 32], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=32 34], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf#page=523 36], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=77 49] (orient.), [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=119 53] |- | 6.1914 || [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065015186;seq=15 33] (=16+17) || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=408 10], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=387 17], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=516 22], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=675 25], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=51 29] || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=237 1], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=147 4], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=286 6], ([http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=682 7]), [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=354 11], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=317 14], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=464 19], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=713 23], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-06-1914-ocr.pdf#page=554 26], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=181 27], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=73 28] |- | 7.1915 || [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065015194;seq=13 42] (=21+21) || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=292 3], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=349 10], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=424 14], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=442 16], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=572 20], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=45 22], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=75 31], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=109 33], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=184 38], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=158 40], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=324 42] || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=151 1], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=131 2], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=216 5], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=269 6], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=238 7], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=332 9], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=391 11], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=527 17], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=465 21], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=481 27], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-07-1915-ocr.pdf#page=499 28], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=19 29], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=120 36], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=232 39] |- | 8.1916 || [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065015202;seq=15 32] (=18+14) || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=200 5], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=367 6], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=415 11], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=144 12], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=32 13], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=242 19], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=487 21], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=441 27], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=356 29], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=464 32] || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=275 2], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=85 8], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=343 9], ([http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-08-1916-ocr.pdf#page=448 comm.]), [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=281 16], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=192 17], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=151 22]/[http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=472 decr.], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=400 24], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-10-1918-ocr.pdf#page=256 30] |- | 9.1917 || [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065015210;seq=15 30] (=19+11) || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-10-1918-ocr.pdf#page=378 1], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=503 3], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-10-1918-ocr.pdf#page=108 5], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-10-1918-ocr.pdf#page=70 7], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=574 11], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-10-1918-ocr.pdf#page=158 14], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-10-1918-ocr.pdf#page=207 15], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-10-1918-ocr.pdf#page=215 18], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-10-1918-ocr.pdf#page=291 22], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-10-1918-ocr.pdf#page=420 30] || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=509 9], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=540 10], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-10-1918-ocr.pdf#page=32 12], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-09-I-1917-ocr.pdf#page=580 13], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-10-1918-ocr.pdf#page=336 19], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-10-1918-ocr.pdf#page=453 20] |- | 10.1918 || [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065015228;seq=15 18] (=16+2) || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-10-1918-ocr.pdf#page=517 1], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-11-1919-ocr.pdf#page=22 2], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-11-1919-ocr.pdf#page=89 5], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-11-1919-ocr.pdf#page=192 8], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-11-1919-ocr.pdf#page=154 10], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-11-1919-ocr.pdf#page=290 15], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-11-1919-ocr.pdf#page=358 16], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-11-1919-ocr.pdf#page=422 17], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-12-1920-ocr.pdf#page=338 18] || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-11-1919-ocr.pdf#page=146 3], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-11-1919-ocr.pdf#page=392 11] |- | 11.1919 || [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065015236;seq=13 22] (=12+10) || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-11-1919-ocr.pdf#page=428 2], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-12-1920-ocr.pdf#page=373 8], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-13-1921-ocr.pdf#page=54 19] || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-11-1919-ocr.pdf#page=469 1], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-12-1920-ocr.pdf#page=183 3], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-12-1920-ocr.pdf#page=129 5], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-12-1920-ocr.pdf#page=85 6], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-13-1921-ocr.pdf#page=47 16], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-13-1921-ocr.pdf#page=61 18], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-13-1921-ocr.pdf#page=73 21] |- | 12.1920 || [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-13-1921-ocr.pdf#page=165 29] (=24+5) || — || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-13-1921-ocr.pdf#page=79 16], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-13-1921-ocr.pdf#page=392 21] |- | 13.1921 || [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-14-1922-ocr.pdf#page=100 32] (=27+5) || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-14-1922-ocr.pdf#page=472 2], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-13-1921-ocr.pdf#page=546 11], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-14-1922-ocr.pdf#page=512 23] || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-13-1921-ocr.pdf#page=505 4], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-14-1922-ocr.pdf#page=239 25] |- | 14.1922 || [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-15-1923-ocr.pdf#page=81 40] (=33+7) || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-14-1922-ocr.pdf#page=600 19], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-15-1923-ocr.pdf#page=562 37] || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-14-1922-ocr.pdf#page=395 4], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-14-1922-ocr.pdf#page=652 7] |- | 15.1923 || [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-16-1924-ocr.pdf#page=64 36] (=31+5) || — || nn. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-15-1923-ocr.pdf#page=124 3], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-15-1923-ocr.pdf#page=296 9], [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-15-1923-ocr.pdf#page=515 13] |- | 16.1924 || [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-17-1925-ocr.pdf#page=74 48] (=42+6) || — || n. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-16-1924-ocr.pdf#page=473 28] |- | 17.1925 || [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-18-1926-ocr.pdf#page=96 54] (=49+5) || — || — |- | 18.1926 || [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-19-1927-ocr.pdf#page=62 51] (=45+6) || n. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-18-1926-ocr.pdf#page=501 35] || — |- | 19.1927 || [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-20-1928-ocr.pdf#page=43 61] (=53+8) || n. [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-19-1927-ocr.pdf#page=217 14] ([[Gulielmus Marconi|Marconi]]) || — |} :Exemplum instantiarum in causa ''[[Dioecesis Segusiensis|Segusina]], Iuris canendi Missas adventicias'': :* Curia Segusina, sententia 20 Iulii 1908 :* SRRT ([[Protocollum|P.]][[Numerus|N.]]18/08), coram [[c:Category:Michele Lega|''Lega'']], [https://archive.org/details/sim_acta-apostolicae-sedis_1909-05-15_1_9/page/422/mode/2up?view=theater sententia 6 Aprilis 1909 (A.4/09)] :* SRRT (P.N.18A/08), coram ''Prior'', [https://archive.org/details/sim_acta-apostolicae-sedis_1910-06-15_2_11/page/450/mode/2up?view=theater sententia 5 Martii 1910 (A.9/10)] :* [[Supremum Tribunal Signaturae Apostolicae|SAST]], coram [[c:Category:Sebastiano Martinelli|''Martinelli'']], [https://archive.org/details/sim_acta-apostolicae-sedis_1911-07-31_3_10/page/352/mode/2up?view=theater sententia 27 Iunii 1911] (restitutio in integrum) :* SRRT, coram ''Perathoner'', [https://archive.org/details/sim_acta-apostolicae-sedis_1913-12-20_5_18/page/522/mode/2up?view=theater sententia 12 Iulii 1913 (A.36/13)] :* SAST, Praefectus ([[c:Category:Vincenzo Vannutelli|''Vannutelli'']]) in Congressu, [https://archive.org/details/sim_acta-apostolicae-sedis_1914-01-19_6_1/page/20/mode/2up?view=theater decretum 9 Decembris 1913] * Summarium sententiarum in causis iurium et poenalibus: [[Victor Palestro|V. Palestro]], ''Rassegna di giurisprudenza rotale nelle cause iurium e penali (1909–1993)'', ISBN 88-14-05617-X (1996, Latine, 321 sententiae); de #313 atque continuatio (40 sententiae): :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! # || RRDec || dies || originis || ponens || causa (excerptum ex parte dispositiva) |- | ''313'' || A.160/83<br /><small>575–590<br />↓ A.103/88</small> || 1983-11-08 || (IT) [[Dioecesis Urbis seu Romana|Romana]] || [[Marius F. Pompedda|Pompedda]] || Iurium: crediti translatricis ↓ |- | ''314'' || A.43/86<br /><small>180–183</small> || 1986-03-17 || (LB) [[Archieparchia Aleppensis Maronitarum|Aleppen. Maronitarum]] || Pompedda || Iurium (n.10: esse a limine reiiciendam) |- | ''315'' || A.203/87<br /><small>774–784</small> || 1987-11-10 || (RS) [[Dioecesis Suboticana|Suboticana]] || [[Daniel Faltin|Faltin]] || Criminalis (n.25: constet de nullitate insanabili sententiae appellatae et, consequenter, de peremptione actionis criminalis) |- | ''316'' || A.103/88<br /><small>400–414<br />↑ A.160/83</small> || 1988-06-15 || (IT) Romana || [[Victorius Palestro|Palestro]] || [https://www.iusecclesiae.it/article/view/302/1478 Iurium]<!--: crediti et damnorum--> (n.12: tenetur pars Conventa ad solvendum creditum laboris parti Actrici, iuxta mensuram et additis usuris a lege civili gallica statutam) |- | ''317'' || A.60/89<br /><small>389–400<br />↓ A.124/90</small> || 1989-05-29 || (LB) Aleppen. Maronitarum || Pompedda || Iurium ↓ |- | ''318'' || A.11/90<br /><small>52–64</small> || 1990-01-31 || (FR) [[Archidioecesis Lugdunensis|Lugdunen.]] || Palestro || Iurium (n.14: legitimationem activam partis Actricis standi in iudicio admittendam esse) |- | ''319'' || A.38/90<br /><small>268–278</small> || 1990-04-03 || (IT) [[Dioecesis Suessana|Suessana]] || Pompedda || Iurium: Crediti (n.28: Non constare de debito a conventa Dioecesi, titulo restitutionis expensarum, Exc.mo Actori solvendo) |- | ''320'' || A.124/90<br /><small>766–773<br />↑ A.60/89</small> || 1990-11-07 || (LB) Aleppen. Maronitarum || Faltin || Iurium (n.19: expensas pharmacorum et transfusionum sanguinis a parte Conventa solvendas esse, iuxta ordinaria ibidem contingentia, idest exceptis remediis extraordinariis) |- | ''321'' || A.99/91<br /><small>622–669</small> || 1991-10-23 || (AT) [[Dioecesis Oenipontana|Oenipontana]] || Palestro || Iurium (n.25: solvendam esse ab Exc.mo Ordinario summam aequivalentem trium annorum stipendii Actoris) |- | 322 || A.26/94<br /><small>↓ A.138/99</small> || 1994-03-29 || (IT) [[Archidioecesis Calaritana|Calaritana]] || [[Laurentius Civili|Civili]] || Poenalis ↓ |- | 323 || A.42/94 || 1994-06-14 || (IE) [[Archidioecesis Dublinensis|Dublinen.]] || [[Aemilius Colagiovanni|Colagiovanni]] || Poenalis: dimissionis e statu clericali |- | 324 || A.13/96<br /><small>105–115</small> || 1996-02-09 || (IT) [[Dioecesis Brixiensis|Brixien.]] || Faltin || Iurium (n.22: partes Conventae parti Actrici appellanti nullum damnum refundere tenentur) |- | 325 || A.89/96 || 1996-10-04 || (US) [[Archidioecesis Sancti Francisci|Sancti Francisci]] || [[Robertus M. Sable|Sable]] || Iurium: querelae nullitatis |- | 326 || A.47/98<br /><small>369–374</small> || 1998-05-08 || (FR) [[Archidioecesis Parisiensis|Parisien.]] || [[Pius Vitus Pinto|Pinto]] || Iurium<!--; Nullitatis sententiae; Nullitatis decreti exsecutionis provisoriae--> (n.11: non constare de nullitate sententiae Tribunalis Parisiensis, ideoque infirmandum esse decretum a Tribunali Versaliensi appellationis) |- | 327 || A.41/99<br /><small>222–231</small> || 1999-03-26 || (IT) Romana || Pinto || Iurium et Damnorum (n.22: constare de damnis receptis ab Actore ex illicito modo agendi superioris generalis) |- | 328 || A.56/99 || 1999-04-28 || (IT) [[Dioecesis Calatayeronensis|Calatayeronen.]] || [[Iosephus Huber|Huber]] || Iurium |- | 329 || A.78/99<br /><small>431–437</small> || 1999-06-01 || (IN)&nbsp;[[Archieparchia Changanacherrensis|Changanacherren.]] || Faltin || Iurium (n.12: Congregationem conventam solvere debere parti Actrici pensionem menstruam) |- | 330 || A.138/99<br /><small>723–740<br />↑ A.26/94</small> || 1999-11-26 || (IT) Calaritana || Pinto || Poenalis (n.44: non constare de omnibus delictis accusatis) |- | 331 || A.29/00 || 2000-03-03 || (IT) [[Dioecesis Comensis|Comen.]] || Civili || Iurium |- | 332 || A.19/01<br /><small>182–201<br />↓ A.85/11</small> || 2001-02-23 || (LB) [[Archieparchia Tyrensis Maronitarum|Tyren. Maronitarum]] || Huber || Iurium<!--; Nullitatis sententiae et restitutionis in integrum-->: piae fundationis ''École de Cadmos'' = <big>{{lang|ar|وقف مدرسة قدموس}}</big> ↓ |- | 333 || A.70/02<br /><small>401–408</small> || 2002-06-21 || (eng) || [[Mauritius Monier|Monier]] || Poenalis (n.14: Affirmative [poena perpetua dimissionis e statu clericali], et ad mentem: poenam censurae suspensionis ab omnibus actibus publicis exercitii potestatis ordinis et iurisdictionis ad novem annos; poenam expiatoriam commorandi in certa domo) |- | 334 || A.85/03<br /><small>547–569<br />↓ A.9/08</small> || 2003-07-24 || (IT) Romana || [[loannes Baptista Defilippi|Defilippi]] || Iurium: ad usum ecclesiae ''S. Catharinae de Rota'' ↓ |- | 335 || A.134/03<br /><small>825–835</small> || 2003-12-19 || (US) Sancti Francisci || Pinto || Iurium: Diffamationis et Refectionis damnorum (n.16: constare de refectione damnorum Rev. Gratiano a Seminario Sancti Ioannis solvenda) |- | 336 || A.7/04<br /><small>37–48</small> || 2004-01-15 || (BR) [[Archidioecesis Campinensis|Campinen.]] || [[Iordanus Caberletti|Caberletti]] || Iurium<!--; Refectionis damnorum; Restitutionis in integrum adversus reiectionem libelli--> (n.11: restitutionem in integrum adversus reiectionem libelli concedendam non esse) |- | 337 || A.87/04<br /><small>475–484</small> || 2004-07-09 || (eng) || Huber || Poenalis (n.10: Conventum privandum esse potestate cuiusque officii et muneris) |- | 338 || A.26/05<br /><small>122–132</small> || 2005-02-25 || (spa) || Pinto || Poenalis: diffamationis (n.13: damnandus est poena suspensionis, donec ipse Conventus legitimam retractationem praebeat) |- | 339 || A.9/08<br /><small>10–44<br />↑ A.85/03</small> || 2008-01-17 || (IT) Romana || [[Augustinus De Angelis|De Angelis]] || Iurium (n.63: liberum relinquendum esse a personis et rebus aedificium adnexum ecclesiae ''S. Catharinae de Rota'') |- | 340 || A.51/08<br /><small>118–125</small> || 2008-03-14 || (IT) Calatayeronen. || [[Iosephus Sciacca|Sciacca]] || [https://www.iusecclesiae.it/article/view/1918/463 Iurium] (n.28: praefatas familias ius habere «organizzare il necessario per la processione del Giovedì Santo») |- | 341 || A.167/08<br /><small>346–357</small> || 2008-11-21 || (US) [[Dioecesis Peoriensis|Peorien.]] || Monier || Iurium: Diffamationis et Refectionis damnorum (n.15: non constare de delicto diffamationis; committitur Em.mo Archiepiscopo Metropolitano Chicagien. modus et forma publicationis praesentis dispositivi et sententiae in publicis bannis Curiae dioecesanae Peorien.) |- | 342 || A.56/09<br /><small>75–92<br />(382–417)<br />↓ A.93/11</small> || 2009-05-14 || (eng) || [[Gerardus McKay|McKay]] || [https://www.iusecclesiae.it/article/view/1980/498 Poenalis] (n.27: sententiam Tribunalis S. esse infirmandam) ↓ |- | 343 || A.28/10 || 2010-02-26 || ? || Huber || Poenalis |- | 344 || A.132/10<br /><small>310–325</small> || 2010-07-23 || (spa) || McKay || [https://web.archive.org/web/20210606131557if_/http://www.iusecclesiae.it/sites/default/files/IE%2013_001.pdf#page=85 Poenalis. Iurum et Refectionis damnorum] (n.28: constare de praescriptione actionis criminalis; constare de incompetentia absoluta Tribunalis Interdioecesani) |- | 345 || A.85/11<br /><small>209–234<br />↑ A.19/01</small> || 2011-05-16 || (LB) Tyren. Maronitarum || De Angelis || Iurium (n.46: administrationem generalem orphanotrophii Congregationi Missionariorum Maronitarum Libanensium a Superiore Generali repraesentatae spectare) |- | 346 || A.93/11<br /><small>260–266<br />↑ A.56/09</small> || 2011-05-27 || (eng) || Sciacca || Poenalis (n.17: Sententiam diei 14 maii 2009 confirmandam esse) |- | 347 || A.110/11<br /><small>315–327</small> || 2011-06-20 || (eng) || McKay || Poenalis (n.20: Reum appellantem dimittendum esse e statu clericali; n.21: ut hanc Nostram definitivam sententiam notificent omnibus quorum intersit) |- | 348 || A.140/11<br /><small>392–402<br />(522–543)<br />↓ A.90/13</small> || 2011-10-18 || (MX) [[Archidioecesis Mexicana|Mexicana]] || [[Alexander Arellano Cedillo|Arellano Cedillo]] || Iurium: pensionis alimentariae ↓ |- | 349 || A.42/13 || 2013-02-18 || ? || McKay || Iurium: Restitutionis bonae famae |- | 350 || A.90/13<br /><small>107–123<br />(393–431)<br />↑ A.140/11</small> || 2013-03-20 || (MX) Mexicana || [[David-Maria A. Jaeger|Jaeger]] || Iurium (n.22: sententiam rotalem diei 18 octobris 2011 infirmandam esse et nihil ab Instituto Actrici solvendum esse) |- | 351 || A.315/13 || 2013-11-06 || (IT) [[Archidioecesis Taurinensis|Taurinen.]] || Sable || ?: Diffamationis et Refectionis damnorum |- | 352 || A.231/14<br /><small>343–354</small> || 2014-11-18 || (eng) || Caberletti || Poenalis (n.10: irrogari Reo convento poenam suspensionis a divinis per triennium) |- | 353 || A.8/15 || 2015-01-27 || ? || McKay || Iurium |- | 354 || A.25/15<br /><small>46–50</small> || 2015-02-27 || (PH) ''Sancti Ferdinandi'' || McKay || Iurium (n.12: constare de resolutione contractus) |- | 355 || A.30/15<br /><small>80–98<br />(469–510)</small> || 2015-03-04 || (eng) || Jaeger || Poenalis (n.34: dioeceseos ''Policy'', quae leges poenales non sunt, non autem de violatione legis poenalis can. 1395, § 2; non constare appellantem Conventum commisisse delictum) |- | 356 || A.67/15<br /><small>130–136</small> || 2015-04-16 || (IT) ''?'' || McKay || Iurium (n.15: damna Actori non esse reficienda) |- | 357 || A.142/15<br /><small>221–239</small> || 2015-06-23 || (eng) || [[Ioannes Vaccarotto|Vaccarotto]] || Poenalis (n.23: non constare Conventum delictum patravisse) |- | 358 || A.172/15<br /><small>265–281</small> || 2015-07-22 || (fre) || [[Philippus Heredia Esteban|Heredia Esteban]] || Poenalis (n.23: Reum conventum dimittendum esse a statu clericali) |- | 359 || A.118/16 || 2016-06-28 || ? || Jaeger || Poenalis |- | 360 || A.18/17<br /><small>26–82</small> || 2017-01-25 || (AU) [[Archidioecesis Sydneyensis|Novae Valliae Meridionalis]] || Jaeger || Iurium (n.58: sustinendam non esse exceptionem litis finitae) |- | 361 || A.89/17<br /><small>221–239<br />(491–515)</small> || 2017-05-03 || (CZ) [[Dioecesis Brunensis|Moraviae]] || Arellano Cedillo || Iurium (n.16: constare de nullitate donationum; partem Conventam condemnari ad reficienda damna) |} * Centrum Digitalisationis Monacensis: [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/search?query=%28Decisiones+nuperrimae%29&handler=simple-metadata&sortField=date&pageSize=100&filter=pers_inst_facet%3A%22Katholische+Kirche.+Rota+Romana%22 ''Decisiones nuperrimae''] et al. * praeterea [[Archivum Apostolicum Vaticanum]]: ''Manualia actorum et citationum'' (1464–1800), ''Diaria'' (1566–1893), ''Positiones'' (1627–1870), ''Processus actorum'' (1500–1803, 1086 vol.), ''Commissiones'' (1480–1792, 42 vol.), ''Vota'' (1626–1870, 274 vol.), ''Decisiones'' (1511–1859), ''Sententiae'' (1474–1803, 42 vol.), ''Processus in admissione auditorum'' (1492–1908, 11 vol.), ''Miscellanea'' (1317–1889, 166 vol.), ''Appendix'' (1615–1889), ''Causae'' (1908–1955, 1468 vol.)<ref>H. Hoberg: ''Inventario dell'Archivio della Sacra Romana Rota (sec. XIV–XIX)'', ISBN 88-85042-23-6 (1994)</ref> == Brevis autodesignatio == In referentia ad se Rota Romana saepe abbreviatione ex tribus litteris utitur iuxta hoc exemplum: :„Pars conventa appelavit ad (1.) (2.) (3.)“ :(1.) H = Hoc, N = Nostrum :(2.) A = Apostolicum, S = Sacrum :(3.) A = Auditorium, F = Forum, O = Ordinem, T = Tribunal :''i. e.:'' H. A. T. = Hoc Apostolicum Tribunal ''etc.'' == Nexus externi == * [http://www.rotaromana.va/ Situs publicus Rotae Romanae] * Pagina apud [https://web.archive.org/web/20210102232613/http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/romancuria/d14.htm GCatholic] et [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dxtrr.html Catholic-Hierarchy] * [https://www.rota.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/#/de JurisRota] – decisiones ab anno 1960 ([[Universitas Monacensis]]) == Fontes == <references /> [[Categoria:Curia Romana]] [[Categoria:Ius canonicum]] cu0iachiem52u3bgk2ccuczhrvu4x67 0 24723 3959211 3922025 2026-05-11T23:48:50Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Reykiavica'''<ref>"Ad Synodum quae ... quotannis Reykiavicae habetur" {{Google Books|uAGlBFicp6gC|p. xix}}"</ref><ref>Vb. adiect. "Reykiavicensis", cf. titulum operis ''Acta civitatis Reykiavicensis''. "Reykiavicanus": cf. "[[Sveinbjörn Egilsson|Sveinbjörnum Egilsson]], Dr. Theol., nunc scholae '''Reykjavica'''nae in Islandia rectorem, transmissus est, qui operam latinae" (''Edda Snorra Sturlusonar,'' p. 16)</ref> seu '''Reykiavicum'''<ref name=NSLO>"Numerus incolarum in jurisdictione Reykiavici": [https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc44604/ca19898668 fons]. Aliter "Reykiavikum", vb. adiect. "Reykiavikensis": [[Ebbe Vilborg]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok'', editio secunda. Norstedts Akademiska Förlag, Holmia, 2009; ita etiam {{CathHierDiocese|reyk|Dioecesis Reykiavikensis}}</ref> ([[Islandice]] ''Reykjavík''; [{{IPA|ˈreiːcaˌviːk}}]) est [[caput (urbs)|caput]] et maxima [[urbs]] [[Islandia]]e. Incolarum 117&nbsp;721 ibi [[habitatio|habitant]]. Inter municipia regionis metropolitanae sunt Seltjarnarnes,<ref>[http://www.seltjarnarnes.is/ Situs municipii Seltjarnarnes]</ref> [[Kópavogur]], [[Hafnarfjörður]], Garðabær,<ref>[http://www.gardabaer.is/english/ Situs municipii Garðabær]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mosfellsbær,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110722021837/http://www.mosfellsbaer.is/ Situs municipii Mosfellsbær]</ref> Kjósarhreppur.<ref>[http://www.samband.is/sveitarfelogin/hofudborgarsvaedid/kjosarhreppur/ De municipio Kjósarhreppur]</ref> Anno [[2000]] (anno millennii, qui dicebatur), ut culturalis Europae hereditas praecipue honoraretur, novem urbes electae sunt, inter quas et Reykiavica, quae titulo [[caput culturale Europaeum|capitis culturalis Europaei]] exornatae sunt. ==Scholae Reykjavicae== [[Fasciculus:The pond.jpg|thumb|[[Lacus]] Reykiavicae.]] * [[Gymnasium Autoviae]] ==Qui ibi mortui sunt== * [[Robertus Fischer]] anno [[2008]] ==Notae== <references/> == Bibliographia == * Senay Boztas, "[https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/oct/03/reykjavik-geothermal-city-carbon-neutral-climate Reykjavík: the geothermal city that aims to go carbon neutral]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (3 Octobris 2016) ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Reykjavík|Reykiavicam}} {{grc|Ῥεϋκιαυίξ}} {{urbs-stipula}} {{Urbes Europae capitales}} [[Categoria:Reykiavica|!]] [[Categoria:Capita]] {{Myrias|Geographia}} 2hk7c4iu5el59r2kdf7pdxu7j6hro2d 0 27217 3959143 3835245 2026-05-11T14:44:13Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox | name = Passeriformes | fossil_range = {{fossil range|52.5|0|r=[[Eocaenum]] > [[Recens]]}} | image = Pardalotus with nesting material.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Pardalotus striatus]]'' | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Aves]] | unranked_ordo = [[Psittacopasserae]] | ordo = [[Passeriformes]] | ordo_authority = [[Linnaeus]], 1758 | subdivision_ranks = [[Subordo (taxinomia)|Subordines]] | subdivision = * [[Acanthisitti]] * [[Tyranni]] * [[Passeri]] }} '''Passeriformes''' sunt [[ordo (taxinomia)|ordo]] avium qui plus quam dimidiam omnium [[species (taxinomia)|specierum]] aviariarum partem comprehendit. Aliis avibus dissimiles, haec sunt duobus [[digitus|digitis]] porro versis, uno retro verso, quibus facilius in [[arbor]]ibus insidere possunt. Sunt unus ex diversissimis [[vertebrata|vertebratorum]] terrestrium ordinibus, pluribus quam quinque milibus [[species|speciebus]] descriptis.<ref name=a1>{{cite journal|author=Mayr, Ernst |url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v063n01/p0064-p0069.pdf|title=The Number of Species of Birds|journal=The Auk|volume =63|issue=1 |year=1946|page=67|doi=10.2307/4079907}}.</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Jan Ohlson, Jon Fjeldsâ, Per G. P. Ericson, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20220704023253/https://www.nrm.se/download/18.5a9ee81411905b544f680002364/Ohlson%20et%20al%20Tyrannidae%20Zool%20Scripta.pdf Tyrant flycatchers coming out in the open: phylogeny and ecological radiation of Tyrannidae (Aves, Passeriformes)]" in ''Zoologica Scripta'' vol. 37 (2008) pp. 315–335 * Jose G. Tello et al., "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00254.x Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the tyrant flycatchers, cotingas, manakins, and their allies (Aves: Tyrannides)]" in ''Cladistics'' vol. 25 (2009) pp. 429–467 {{NexInt}} *''[[Campephaga]]'' *''[[Knipolegus cyanirostris]]'' *''[[Knipolegus lophotes]]'' *''[[Satrapa icterophrys]]'' *[[Thamnophilidae]] == Nexus externi == {{fontes biologici}} {{CommuniaCat|Passeriformes}} {{avis-stipula}} [[Categoria:Ordines animalium]] [[Categoria:Passeriformes|!]] [[Categoria:Taxa Linnaei]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1758]] {{Myrias|Biologia}} mgjenbyujbvt3z9bt22mtwbikcf67qs 0 31887 3959142 3924784 2026-05-11T14:41:02Z ~2026-28538-67 209164 /* */ 3959142 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Queen 1984 0009.jpg|thumb|upright|Fridericus Mercury [[Francofurtum ad Moenum|Francoforti]] anno [[1984]].]] [[Fasciculus:Freddie Mercury signature.svg|thumb|[[Subscriptio]] Friderici Mercury.]] '''Fridericus Mercury,''' sive '''Mercurius''''','''{{FD ref}} nomine nativo ફારોખ બલ્સારા‌ {{IAST|Farokha Balsārā}} (in vico antiquissimo [[Stone Town]] urbis [[Zanzibara]]e die [[5 Septembris]] [[1946]] natus; propter [[SCDI]] [[Londinium|Londinii]] mortuus die [[24 Novembris]] [[1991]]), fuit [[cantor]] et musicus gregissocius [[Queen]] [[grex musicus|gregis musici]].<ref name="inourstar.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.inoutstar.com/news/Freddie-Mercury-real-name-Farrokh-Bulsara-1876.html |title=Freddie Mercury (real name Farrokh Bulsara) Biography |publisher=Inout Star |accessdate=11 July 2010}}.</ref> Clarissima suae vocis potentia esterat: poterat ad tres octavas pervenire[[octava]]s sine auxilio [[vocula falsa|voculae falsae]]. pervenire poterat. In [[insula]] nativa et in [[India]] in religione [[Zoroastrismus|Zoroastris]] educatus est; annum septimum decimum agens cum parentibus in [[Anglia]]m refugus iuxta [[Feltham]] [[Middelsexia]]e habitabathabitaret. {{NexInt}} == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Incolae Indiae]] [[Categoria:Socii Queen gregis]] {{Myrias|Homines}} == Vita == Fridericus Mercurius Oppido Lapidis Zanzibarae 5 Septembris 1946 ad communitatem Parsi parentibus Bomi ac Jer Bulsara pertinentibus natus. Bulsaras vulgo Zoroastrimum exercere solent. Familia Zanzibaram iit ut pater munus eius pergeret. Quoniam Zanzibar custodiam Britannicam usque ad MCMLXIII pertinebat Mercurius familia ad Angliam migrata sua regni Britanniarum civis ascriptus. Clavicymbalum in India ludere pueritia transmisit, et ad Petri scholam discitum missus. Tum gregem creavit cui nomen “Hectici” (The Hectics), cantos occidentales ludere soluit. Circa MCMLXIII in Zanzibaram recessit, anno insequente ad Angliam in Feltham, Middelsexiam oppidum fugam ut a revolutione Zanzibarae vitaret, fecit. Arti graphicae in collegia cui nomen “Ealing Art College” studuit ut imaginem gregi formaret. Post graduationem gregibus variis adiunxit sicut Ibex, Sour Milk Sea, vestimentaque cum Roger Taylor vendidit. Tum “Smile” in grege praedecessore eorum cum Brian May et Roger Taylor et mox John Deacon congregaverunt. Eadem MCMLXX nomen suum a Bulsara ad Mercuriam mutavit. Mercurius quondam erat cantor, qui cantos insignissimos sicut “We Are The Champions”, “Bohemian Rhapsody”, “Don’t Stop Me Now” cum modis ut “Rock progressiva”, “Rockabilly”, et aliis scripsit. Spectaculiis quibus a vulgo venustissimus functus septingentis videbatur. === Mors ficta === Cum AIDS ostendere aut habere comperisset pestem negavit, aperte vulgo quod eam tulerat patere minime elegit. MCMLXXXII eis exhibuit, tum MCMLXXXVII AIDS habere revera compertus, tamen falsum morbo HIV habendo destinatum esse dixit. MCMXC de eius valetudine divulgati rumores ut apud mentem pendere inceperit. Fama collecta immensa post apparentiam eius fugam ad remotam facere deliberavit vitam dissimilem vivere causa. MCMXCI Juni in Kensington decessus, conduxit similem cum Jim Beach qui mortem eius simularet vulgum punctu longo placeret, eadem omnes pecunias donavit nonnullis ad navem emendum; personam minime indiscretam gerere habitumque alium proferre opus, hac et se vestimentis insolitis induit tunc faciei obumbrando velavit bandana apta. In articulo monstrato “mortis” a nuntia postremo usque ad insulam prope Argentinam orientalem a fama non modo quin fugam faceret sed quod se excoleret, gubernavit. Hunc id temporis a sociis suis disparato esse punctum imum vitae opinatus. Inde a extremitate terrae unguentum iucundum emitti fuit a quo Mercurius temptatus. Invenit cum res pararet effulgentem vespere uno in oris insulae cui nomen Eucryphia Phantasiarum. Ut aperte dixit Mercurius: “Non aut affectui his rebus depingendis verba. Ubi plantae appropinquaveram, subito corpore sibi disunxi. Visus meus perquam coloribus saturis tamquam illam tenturus implebatur; tam raram atqui tam exoticam fuisse cogitabam, e mundo usque ad peregrinum saeculum missus. Minime, re vera sed alienis abducebar, omnem partem corporis in modo tam alienagenam pungebatur nec me utrum mori sentirem an perinde crescerent inter extraque corpus membra transmutarer. Simul ut mens acerbe verbis torqueretur superentia verbis arcanis quibus minime sapientiam mens tenebat mihi loquebantur. Cinctus tranquillitate medio nocte tali demum excitavi, conspectui quamvis meridies pro nocte, mundum tamen repperi verum recepisse. Significationes verborum in mente prodere quibam, mihi aliquatenus nisi conscientia et ratio perrecondita nullas autem vias nudavi, cum me verba habuissent mihi ut scientia nova videntur ad mentem impertisse, quasi aequore idearum impleretur“ == Opera == Mercurius nota ignota sine scientia vel usu medicino priore physico morbis eius remedium explicantem scripsit ac facundam chartam delineavit, oportuit autem ad patriam suam opum caritate recipere. Ita per aequorem nave festinanter perrexit, aqua fere direxit non patriam sed usque ad Norvegiam ad laboratorium eam missum. Statim medicarum adiutu remedium sine transferendae medullae necessariis compertum, Mercurius sic 6 000 000 pecunias ab ingenia comparavit, opibus suis usum prudentem effecit qui gregem apparatuum necessariasque alias crearet et emeret. Ad insulam eodem denuo recepit, qua et exserta consilia nova ut ceterum temporis vitam academicam otium constans degere soleret et ea vivere. Mercurius inter aetatem partibus machinarum admodum studuit, et cum ingenia mera modisque multis et conspectibus diversis a exteris intusque delineavit. In mente etiam visu primo minutiis perplexis ad situm verum adhibendum simulare pagina potuit. Illa quinque centenos libros occupaverunt, opera multa ab arca volante quae energiam solis conligare potest ad partem vegrandam compositam flexibilem structurae atomorum aptam mutandae aut etiam telum petens effecit. Complures creationum eius felices fuerunt, dum alia perpauca minime vicerunt. Exinde solutiones mathematicae in gregibus paene omnibus cum multis novis toto a egregiis mathematicis praesentibus incomprehensibilibus non nullis consideratis sedecim milia creavit. Ex parte tomorum primori anno 1995 illa obscura sicut opus caementicum et vitrum flexibile opera continet. Mercurius quemadmodum multis modis ad faciendum operosa texta explicavit quod nam calcis acervus opus, aqua ut ad rimas ullas manet vescendus, calcium cum silicatiis hac itaque fingi licet, quae agere potest, et deinceps crystalla formet quae illas premant. Sic scribere possumus hanc ad reactionem formulam effigendam. Mercurius qua tantum validum quam alia esset libro modos ustis calcibus utentes suo descripsit. Reactionae pozzolanicae pila usum exsecutus est, monstravitque facere caementicum romanum opus. === Inventio === Sibi multos libros delinationesque scribere praecipue ad technologiam pertinentes mercurius dedidit. E multis unus “Domus Summersus” est, liber quem paene ducentis paginis expedite de aedificiis cum vitro metallis variis condendiis revolventibus delineavit. Ut nisu e aqua invium esset vitrum flexilem cum borice oxide caementicumque aliquid romanorum adhibendum monstravit. Quin sub aequorem librum paginarum trecentarum et artis urbium disponendarum methodum novum explicantem in pauca plaga muneribus agendis sicut materiis extractendis brevi tempore solum proposuit. Non illo tempore exiguo technologiarum provectarum autem protinus applicare poterat, donec MMXLVI professor apparatibus melioribus et usu intellegentia artificiosa John Basswick acriter ad degendum emendavit. Haec technologia, in toto orbe ob mare ortum secundum MMLXXIX urbes nantes in usu divulgato. Mercurius sene aetate sua, copiam experientiarum chemicis fecit. Multos chemicos creavit et inmutavit, cum notissima materia in honore post mortem cui nomen “Freddicurium” – elementa flexibile inusitate cui quater re vera plures carbonio multi allotropismi sunt. Hoc itaque, perfacile effectu, ad usum divulgatum adduxit. MMLXXI cum commitibus Terkhov Ruff et David Markov libris compluribus “De Chemia” proscripsit, super tres milia methodarum quibus ad elementas pariendas faciliorum proposuit. Imprimis eas quae in natura non possunt inveniri res modosque studendi etiam ad vitam prolatandam causa tenuit. Inventiones intra aetates multas usque hodie suae nativitatem deinceps induxerunt aliarum technologiarum. == Latina == Post usum psychedelici medicamenti, linguam Anglicam non satis esse loquendo aut in operibus scribendo consignate putabat. Alias linguas hinc perspeculabatur quoad invenit linguam latinam, quam “lingua sacra” appellavit. Statim elegit. Et “Lingua latina ianua classicarum litterarum antiquarumque. Inter sententias verbum quidque menti significationem arcanam enim disserit. Nisi Latina nempe nulla est lingua quae sententias suas expedite alia significat, nedum esse malam aut inferiorem dico. Electorum verumtamen est lingua solum conscientiae altiori” scripsit, et semel “lingua latina pendenda est, nam optime sermocinari adiuvabit si veram potentiam complectimur” dicavit. Mercurius MMI eo illam adeo amavit iamiam multa opera omnino latine scribere inchoaverit. Complures operum imbutorum fere e auctoribus antiquis ad classicos praecipue sicut Cicero, [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Iulius Caesar]], et [[Lucius Annaeus Seneca minor|Seneca Minor]]. His eorum versatus non solum legere latine sed modo classico se loqui docere capessivit. Ut eam divulgaret novam paedagogiam ad tractandum fabricavit, rapide [[Hans Henning Ørberg|linguae latinae per se illustratae]] (LLPSI) praestaret. Usus linguae latinae gradatim influentia sua a Europa ad orbem terrae auxit. Opera ei assignata libros paene quingentos, circa cum libris triginta maioribus continent. Mercurius habet quinque opera notissima, cum infra hanc sententiam enumeratis grandissimis. -         De Technologia Usu (Ethicae de cura technologia et quare uti optime possumus?) -         De Arbitrii Liberi Vi (Qui liberum arbitrum optime cum argumentis complexis demonstrat) -         De Officis Novis -         De Reimaginatione Orbis Terrarum -          De Otiosa Mercurius certe fuit centrum linguae latinae renascendae ut ad vulgatissimam eo vi methodisque praeceptis cederet. Etsi influentia magna haec a professoribus rei classicae ob linguae mutandae metum damnata est. == Mors == Fridericus Mercurius mortuus causa naturale 13 Aprilis 2081 est. Erat centum triginta quattuor natus. E pluribus Mercurius vivisse umquam vetustissimus, a paucibus tantum praestatus. Raro in senectute nisi dies ultimi eius aegrotabat. In epilepticam reperte convulsam horam unam passus, quamvis ignotus sit utrum a priore morbum hunc subisset an causa medicamenti esset. == Legacia == Fridericus Mercurius velut eximius vir quod societati numquam fuit talis conspectus existimatur. Etiam legaciis Alberti Einstein, Ciceronis, Leonardi Vinci omnino exsuperavit, praeter superhominem et supra consuetudines naturae usque ad hodie putant. Ut deus quidam reverentur. Numquam ad universitatem ullam iniit, sed e omnium ingeniossisimum umquam fuisse existimant. Cum magnopere illius mentem commutavisset iunctura deductionis experientiaeque inusitatae e ratione occulta nusquam quaecumque vobis quae perplexa potius excogitare potuit. Ubi magister citum eum accessit qui quaestionem mathematicae de insolutis DARPA solveret, rapide solutiones quasi calculator, excogitavit, omnes esse rectas arbitraverunt. Inspirationem eo philosophi, docti, magistri, vulgusque academici tenere aut ingeniam extollere numquam eius deficiunt. Opera adhuc hodie perscrutantur, et a libris investigationes comperiri pergunt. Quidque significationem obscurum minutasque vero perplexas continet. Multi illustri “numquam ens tam ingeniosissimum fuit si aliquid tetigit, cum facundia multa iamiam acumulavit” dixerunt, et eum quidam libros illustrare scribunt. Ei ceterum musea dedita sunt, quae inummera opera ostendunt. Revolventem circa sancire eum religionem ut consuetudines ea docerent scientiasque et classicas discere hortarentur cui nomen “Freddicismus” fecerunt. === Religio === Vide etiam: Index sanctorum Friderici Mercuri Sancti Usque hodie Fridericus Mercurius velut aut Sanctus aut Deus a multis multo cohonestatur, in philosophia "Socrates Novus" appellatur. Ut prodigiosissimus incubans quo pacto struxerat inventa sua physicos plurimos sciscitatoresque novos parere incipitavit. Cui nomen "Freddicismus", post mortem religionem fecerunt unde res experimentas experiri adhorteretur quo et rationes eius incumberent. Inter saecula sunt sententiis suis Mercurio qui suppeditatis aluissent iam in opera callerent, quin etiam novos eos rapide utiles invenire coeperunt comprobatos deinceps. Non solum scientia, sed philosophia, religiosa, utraque imprimis una alligata qui cum aliis religionibus sententiisque philosophicis syncretismum diversis crearet. Quoniam vicesimo primo saeculo fere in occidente excipientes multae sententiae persecutae et instigatae. Mercurius solum societatem modis mathematicae, technologiae, cultura, scientia, et philosophiae celerandae provehere pariter sanctus fuit. Secundum gradus conscientiae, Mercurius paene communalitatem pervenit.{{NexInt}} *''[[Cirolana mercuryi]]'' == Notae == <references/> {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Nati 1946]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1991]] [[Categoria:Cantores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Homosexualitas]] [[Categoria:Incolae Zanzibarae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Indiae]] [[Categoria:Socii Queen gregis]] {{Myrias|Homines}} 8hpxljdalmt58q3lr8rl2ee1xjbn9c9 0 40213 3959128 3959086 2026-05-11T12:16:38Z IacobusAmor 1163 Lifetime &c. 3959128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{videdis|Antinous (nomen)}} [[Fasciculus:Antinous Ecouen Louvre Ma1082 n3.jpg|thumb|[[Antinous Montis Draconis|Effigies Antinoi]] in [[Museum Lupariense|museo Lupariensi]] servata]] '''Antinous''' ([[Graece]] {{polytonic|Ἀντίνοος}}, ''Antinoos'') fuit in gratia [[imperator]]is [[Hadrianus (imperator)|Hadriani]], cuius amasius fuisse videtur. Natus est [[Claudiopolis (Bithynia)|Claudiopoli]] in [[Bithynia]] die [[27 Novembris]] inter annos [[110]] et [[115]]; mortuus est in [[Nilus|Nilo]] fluvio ad {{Creanda|en|Antinoöpolis|Antinoopolis|Antinoopolim}} circa diem [[30 Octobris]] [[130]]. Post [[mors|mortem]], [[apotheosis|deus declaratus]] [[veneratio|venerabatur]]. Non tantum enim Antinoopolim urbem propter Nilum in eius honorem condidit imperator Hadrianus sed tam Bithynii unde oriundus erat adulescens quam [[Mantinea|Mantineae]] in [[Arcadia]] (quia Bithynienses apogoni Arcadum dicebantur) [[templum]] ei aedificavit et [[ritus]] mysticos instituit. Quin etiam ibidem quinquennalia certamina in eius honorem celebrari iussit. Eius [[statua]]e [[Dionysus|Dionyso]] similes a [[Pausanias (scriptor)|Pausania]] describebantur, et eius effigies in nonnullis [[nummus|nummis]] expressa hodie videri potest. [[Mesomedes Cretensis]] poeta carmina de Antinoo composuit. Et [[Anscharius Wilde]] illo inspiratus est. == Fontes == * [[Pausanias]] libro octavo ''[[Graeciae descriptio|Graeciae descriptionis]]'' 9.7-8 et 10.1. == Nexus externi == {{communia|Antinous|Antinoum}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 2|130|Antinous}} [[Categoria:Amantes ducum civitatum]] [[Categoria:Divi]] [[Categoria:Hadrianus]] [[Categoria:Homosexualitas]] [[Categoria:Incolae Anatoliae Graecoromanae]] [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Religio et sexualitas]] 7ha248tz2tubacno0u0akwexs1aovxg 0 40741 3959195 3557363 2026-05-11T20:38:14Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cautio}} {| class="wikitable floatright" ! colspan="3" style="background-color:#008020; color:#f0d080" | Rectum |- ! colspan="2" | Cognitores |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Terminologia Anatomica|TA]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/05.7.04.001%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm A05.7.04.001] |- ! colspan="2" | Anatomia |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | <div style="position: relative;">[[Fasciculus:Retto(anatomia).png|300px|Intestinum crassum cum recto]]</div> |- | colspan="3" style="font-size: 85%; width:300px" | Recti situs extremo postico [[intestinum crassum|intestini crassi]]. Recti nomen, ut facile concipi potest, de suo cursu ''recto'' derivatum est. |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | <div style="position: relative;">[[Fasciculus:Rectum anatomy de 01.svg|300px|Recti anatomia]]</div> |- | colspan="3" style="font-size: 85%; width:300px" | Schema '''intestini recti''' a ventre visi |} '''Intestinum rectum'''<ref name="Kossmann">Kossmann, R. (1903). ''Allgemeine Gynaecologie.'' Berolini: Verlag von August Hirschwald</ref> aut simpliciter '''rectum''' est pars finalis [[intestinum|intestini]], accurate [[intestinum crassum|intestini crassi]], immediate post [[colon sigmoideum]] locatum. Hac in intestini parte [[faeces]] deponuntur, antequam per [[anus|anum]] expelluntur. Recti longitudo est 12 cm (4.7 in). Diversi morbi partium recti noti sunt, ut [[inflammatio]]nes, [[cancer (morbus)|cancri]], mala eius functionis. In [[cultura]]e contextu rectum una cum [[anus|ano]] et [[nates|natibus]] diversis modis aspicitur. == Morbi == === Intussusceptio (procidentia interna) === [[Fasciculus:Internalrectalintussusceptionexternalrectalprolapse.JPG|thumb|Procidentiae: interna (A) et externa (B)]] Intussusceptio ''in genere'' est invaginatio, quod est ''promotus secundum axem longitudinalem'' partis alterius intestini in alteram cum turbato sanguinis fluxu et periculo [[ileus|ilei]]. In recti quoque intussusceptione ''intra corpus'' promotus secundum axem longitudinalem fit. Notae sunt intussusceptiones typi 1 ''recto rectalis'', typi 2 ''ano rectalis tantum interna'', typi 3 ''ano rectalis interna externaque''. Diversae tractationes excogitabantur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Weiss E. G., McLemore E. C. |title=Functional disorders: rectoanal intussusception |journal=Clinics in colon and rectal surgery |year=2008 |month=Mai |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=122-8 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20011408/}}</ref>. === Prolapsus recti (procidentia externa) === Prolapsus recti est [[cylindrus|cylindricus]] promotus pathologicus ''secundum axem longitudinalem'' trans anum ''ad externum'', ut [[mucosa]] recti extra corpus apparet. === Rectocele === Separatur [[rectocele]] ab prolapsu ''trans anum'': Rectocele est ''in [[femina|feminis]]'', [[septum rectovaginale|''septi rectovaginalis'']] (textu inter [[vagina]]m et rectum) infirmitatis causa, prolapsus quoque, at recti ''adversus [[vagina]]e parietem posteriorem'' (non trans anum), ut vaginae introitus angustius et videtur prolapsus inter introitum vaginae et recti. Mucosa recti non visibilis est. === Cancer colorectalis === {{main|Cancer colorectalis}} Cancer colorectalis etiam nomine cancri intestinalis vel cancri coli vel cancri recti notus est. == Nexus externus == * [http://www.endoskopiebilder.de/html/start.php?main=2&sub=71&ssub=262 Imagines recti in atlante endoscopico]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Notae == <references/> {{med-stipula}} {{Apparatus digestorius}} [[Categoria:Apparatus digestorius]] 347zryrylzxpr90g7zu5mw8284s0pqd 0 40906 3959189 3770463 2026-05-11T19:30:25Z Niegodzisie 116883 /* Discographia */ 3959189 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Yes concert.jpg|thumb|300px|''Yes'' [[Indianapolis|Indianapoli]] die [[30 Augusti]] [[1977]] agit.]] '''''Yes''''' ([[Latine]] 'Ita (Est)') est [[grex musicus]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]] anno [[1968]] conditus, qui multiplicibus musicorum dispositionibus, inusitatis temporibus, facultate musica sollerti, scenicis sonoritatis metrique mutationibus, commixtis musicae generibus, propriis vocalibus harmonicis, et unico verborum genere utitur. Contra multam sollertiam ei manui, manus continuaverat 40 annos et retinent potentem inter gentes sequentem. == Historia == ''Yes'' formabatur anno [[1968]] a [[Iohannes Anderson|Iohanne Anderson]] et [[Christophorus Squire|Christophoro Squire]]. Anderson iam rettulerat [[singularis|singularem]] anno [[1964]] ut membrum ''The Warriors''. Erat etiam breviter membrum gregis ''The Gun''. Squire autem fuerat membrum ''The Syn'' gregis. Anderson et Squire fecerunt novum gregem nomine "''Yes''", cum amicis [[Petrus Banks|Petro Banks]] et [[Anthonius Kaye|Anthonio Kaye]]. [[Apparatus tympanorum|Tympanista]] [[Gulielmus Bruford]] conscribebat proscriptione in "''Melody Maker''". Grex reliquit eorum primum album nomine ''[[Yes (album musicum)|Yes]]'' anno [[1969]]. Secundum album reliquerunt anno [[1970]] nomine ''[[Time and a Word]]'', in quo cum orchestra triginta unius membrorum canebant ''No Opportunity Necessary, No Experience Needed: Richie Haventis''. == Discographia == ;Alba musica officinalia * [[1969]] - ''[[Yes (album musicum)|Yes]]'' * [[1970]] - ''[[Time and a Word]]'' * [[1971]] - ''[[The Yes Album]]'' * [[1971]] - ''[[Fragile (album musicum Yes)|Fragile]]'' * [[1972]] - ''[[Close to the Edge (album musicum Yes)|Close to the Edge]]'' * [[1973]] - ''[[Tales from Topographic Oceans]]'' * [[1974]] - ''[[Relayer]]'' * [[1977]] - ''[[Going for the One]]'' * [[1978]] - ''[[Tormato]]'' * [[1980]] - ''[[Drama (album musicum Yes)|Drama]]'' * [[1983]] - ''[[90125]]'' * [[1987]] - ''[[Big Generator]]'' * [[1989]] - ''[[Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe (album musicum)|Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe]]'' * [[1991]] - ''[[Union (album musicum Yes)|Union]]'' * [[1994]] - ''[[Talk (album musicum Yes)|Talk]]'' * [[1996]] - ''[[Keys to Ascension]]'' * [[1997]] - ''[[Keys to Ascension 2]]'' * [[1997]] - ''[[Open Your Eyes (album musicum Yes)|Open Your Eyes]]'' * [[1999]] - ''[[The Ladder]]'' * [[2001]] - ''[[Magnification (album musicum)|Magnification]]'' * [[2011]] - ''[[Fly from Here]]'' * [[2014]] - ''[[Heaven and Earth]]'' * [[2021]] - ''[[The Quest]]'' * [[2023]] - ''[[Mirror to the Sky]]'' * [[2026]] - ''[[Aurora (album musicum Yes)|Aurora]]'' {{musica-stipula}} [[Categoria:Greges musici Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Greges musicae rock]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1968]] ol9qti9090fwey840liclb3d6cftdkj 0 45884 3959210 3930925 2026-05-11T23:31:36Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} [[Fasciculus:Kaart_van_de_Republiek_der_Zeven_Verenigde_Nederlanden_Belgii_pars_septentrionalis_communi_nomine_vulgo_Hollandia_(titel_op_object),_RP-P-AO-1-51B.jpg|thumb|Tabula rei publicae.]] '''Respublica Provinciarum Septem Foederatarum'''<ref>Vide nostram tabulam geographicam.</ref> ([[Nederlandice]] ''Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden''), in [[historiographia]] saepe '''Batavorum Respublica'''<ref>Vide nostram tabulam geographicam.</ref> et '''Res Publica Batava'''{{FD ref}} et fortasse '''Belgica Foederata'''{{FD ref}} appellata, fuit {{Creanda|en|Confederation|confoederatio}} quae ab anno [[1579]] usque ad {{Creanda|en|Batavian Revolution|Res Novae Batavorum|Res Novas Batavorum}} anno [[1795]] exstabat, prima [[Batavi|Batavorum]] [[civitas sui iuris]] et {{Creanda|en|Succession of states|Successio civitatum|decessor}} [[Nederlandia]]e hodiernae. Quae [[res publica]] condita est cum septem [[provincia]]e Nederlandicae in [[Belgium Hispanicum|Belgio Hispanico]] contra [[Imperium Hispanicum|regimen Hispanicum]] {{Creanda|en|Eighty Years' War|Bellum Annorum Octoginta|rebellarent}}, [[Foedus Traiecti ad Rhenum]] contra [[Hispania]]m anno [[1579]] icientes ac [[libertas|libertatem]] per {{Creanda|en|Act of Abjuration|Titulus Abiurationis|Titulum Abiurationis}}<!--Placcaert....--> anno [[1581]] declarantes. Septem reipublicae provinciae fuerunt [[Frisia]], [[Groninga (provincia)|Groninga]], [[Hollandia]], [[Zelandia]], [[Traiectum ad Rhenum (provincia)|Traiectum]], [[Transisalania]] et [[Gelria]].<!--Amplius in en: It comprised [[Lordship of Groningen|Groningen]] (present-day Groningen), [[Lordship of Frisia|Frisia]] (present-day Friesland), [[Lordship of Overijssel|Overijssel]] (present-day Overijssel), [[Duchy of Guelders|Guelders]] (present-day Gelderland), [[lordship of Utrecht|Utrecht]] (present-day Utrecht), [[county of Holland|Holland]] (present-day North Holland and South Holland), and [[county of Zeeland|Zeeland]] (present-day Zeeland).--> Post bellum Hispanicum anno [[1648]], [[Pax Westphalica]] recognita{{dubsig}} est. Anno [[1795]], [[Francia]] Rem Publicam Provinciarum Septem Foederatarum expugnavit et [[Res Publica Batava]] condita est. {{NexInt}} *[[Societas Indiae Orientalis Batava]] ==Bibliographia== *Israel, J. I. [[1995]]. ''The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall, 1477–1806.'' Oxoniae: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-873072-1. *Kuznicki, J. T. [[2008]]. "Dutch Republic." ''The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism,'' 130–131. Thousand Oaks Californiae: Sage. ISBN 978-1412965804. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/1115 Belgium Foederatum auctius et emendatius / edit cura et studio]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Matthaei Seutteri]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Respublica Septem Provinciarum Foederatarum}} [[Categoria:Condita 1587]] [[Categoria:Antiquae civitates Europae|Proviniciae Unitae]] [[Categoria:Historia Nederlandiae]] sci4qy40z49338zg652k0rox6pxidfq 0 51970 3959223 3917602 2026-05-12T05:23:46Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959223 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Rudolf Hess - extracto.jpg|thumb|Rudolphus Heß]] '''Rudolphus Gualterius Ricardus Heß''' [{{IPA|hɛs}}] (natus die [[26 Aprilis]] [[1894]] [[Alexandria Magna|Alexandriae Magnae]] in [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]] – mortuus est die [[17 Augusti]] [[1987]] [[Berolinum|Berolini]] in carcere [[Spandau]]) fuit clarus vir publicus [[NSDAP|Nazista]]. Anno [[1941]] in [[Scotia]]m volavit nec pacem cum [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannis]] componere potuit. Bello confecto, [[Iudicia Norimbergensia|Norimbergae]] damnatus est atque ad vitam in carcere detentus. [[Senectus|Senex]], annorum nonaginta trium, in carcere se [[Mors voluntaria|suspendisse dicitur]]. == Nexus externi == {{communia|Rudolf Hess|Rudolphum Hess}} {{PND|11855039X|nomen=Rudolphi Hess aut de Rudolpho Hess}} * [http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/HessRudolf/ Brevis biographia] apud LEMO (Museum historicum Germaniae) {{Ling |Germanice}} * [http://www.shoa.de/content/view/97/92/ De Rudolpho Hess]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud www.shoa.de {{Consilium Ministrorum Hitler}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hess, Rudolphus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1894]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1987]] [[Categoria:Secundum bellum mundanum]] [[Categoria:Fascismus in Germania]] [[Categoria:Incolae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Holocausti]] jrct6335mrk3gbw805ooefxy0dohtfi 0 54939 3959187 3895188 2026-05-11T19:11:44Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959187 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Raoul Wallenberg.jpg|thumb|Raoul Wallenberg]] '''Radulphus''' (''Raoul'') '''Wallenberg''' (natus in praedio [[Kappsta]] iuxta [[Holmia]]m die [[4 Augusti]] [[1912]]; mortuus captivus in [[Unio Sovietica|Unione Sovietica]] medio anno [[1947]]), alumnus [[Universitas Michiganensis|Universitatis Michiganensis]], fuit [[legatus (civilitas)|legatus]] [[Suecia|Suecicus]], qui inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] annis [[1944]] et [[1945]] [[Aquincum|Aquinci]] multos [[Iudaei|Iudaeos]] e manibus [[NSDAP|nazistarum]] eripuit. Die [[17 Ianuarii]] [[1945]] in [[Budapestinum|Budapestino]] captuvus est a milite Unionis Sovieticae. Horum operum gratia post mortem anno [[1966]] una (cum [[Varian Fry]]), titulo ''[[Iustus inter gentes|Iusto inter gentes]]'' ab [[Yad Vashem]] decoratus est.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180221180430/http://www.yadvashem.org/righteous/stories/wallenberg.html Raoul Wallenberg] - [[Yad Vashem]] {{Ling|Anglica}}</ref> Etiam [[Universitas Lundensis]] "Institutum Raoul Wallenberg [[iura humana|iuribus humanis]] et [[humanitarium belli ius|humanitario belli iuri]] dedicatum instituit. ==Bibliographia== * Bierman, John. [[1983]]. ''Raoul Wallenberg, der verschollene Held.'' Monaci: Dt.{{dubsig}} Erstausg.,{{dubsig}} Droemersche Verlagsanstalt Knaur. ISBN 3-426-03699-1. * Gann, Christoph. [[1999]]. ''Raoul Wallenberg: so viele Menschen retten wie möglich.'' Monaci: C. H. Beck Verlag. ISBN 3-406-45356-2. * Gann, Christoph. [[2002]]. ''Schriftenreihe dtv 30852.''{{dubsig}} Monaci: Dt. Taschenbuch Verlag. ISBN 3-423-30852-4. * Moser, Jonny. [[2006]]. ''Wallenbergs Laufbursche.'' Vindobonae: Picus Verlag. ISBN 978-3-85452-615-5. ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.shoa.de/content/view/98/92/ Biographia apud Shoa.de]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100407210933/http://www.raoul-wallenberg.eu/home/ Indagatio Radulphi Wallenberg] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140831043155/http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/ Societas inter civitates Raoul Wallenberg dicata] ==Notae== <references/> {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1912|1947|Wallenberg, Radulphus}} [[Categoria:Incolae Sueciae]] [[Categoria:Iusti inter gentes]] [[Categoria:Victimae Stalinismi]] [[Categoria:Mortui captivi]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Michiganensis]] 3qa7iisobyuxljyyc4tcbyiyig23gkz 0 57011 3959141 3787592 2026-05-11T14:00:31Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959141 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Provolone Dolce.jpg|thumb|Caseus ''Provolone Valpadana'' dulcis]] [[Fasciculus:Provolone Dolce close.jpg|thumb|Caseus idem minutim visus]] '''Provolone''' est nomen varietatis [[caseus|casei]] in [[Italia]] inventae. Hodie caseus eiusdem nominis et in [[C. F. A.|Civitatibus Foederatis]] conficitur. == Appellatio Originis Protecta == Caseus sub nomine ''[[Provolone Valpadana]]'' in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata [[Italia]]e et in modis definitis fieri; ab anno [[1996]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habet. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.provolonevalpadana.it/ Situs officialis appellationis] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane|Anglice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120307171949/http://www.formaggio.it/italiaDOP/provolonevalpadana.htm De caseo ''Provolone Valpadana''] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081011012822/http://www.formaggio.it/italiaDOP/formaggiitaliaDOPE.htm De appellationibus lacticiniis Italicis] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane|Anglice}} * [http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/qual/en/pgi_01en.htm De appellationibus lacticiniis Europaeis] {{Ling|Hispanice|Danice|Theodisce|Neograece|Anglice|Francogallice|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane|Batavice|Lusitanice|Finnice|Suecice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080922225310/http://www.belgioioso.com/Provolone.htm De caseis ''Provolone'' et ''Italian extra sharp Provolone'' (sic!)] in civitate [[Visconsinia]] confectis {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Casei Italici]] [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Casei extra patriam ficti]] [[Categoria:Casei filati]] cl1ea4mpfed1z9wzfifsve5hdmfkcai 0 60971 3959138 3748297 2026-05-11T12:55:27Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Palazzo Malvezzi de' Medici, via Zamboni 22, Bologna, Italy.jpg|thumb|Palatium "Malvezzi", sedes provincialis.]] '''Provincia Bononiensis''' (seu ''Provincia Bononiae'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Provincia di Bologna|Provincia di Bologna]]'') fuit [[Provincia Italiae|provincia]] [[Italia]]e usque ad diem [[31 Decembris]] [[2014]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Aemilia-Romania]] sita, cuius signum fuit '''BO'''. Caput provinciae Bononiensis fuit [[Bononia]]. == Insignia == <gallery> Fasciculus:Italian Province (Crown).svg|''[[Provincia Italiae]]'' Fasciculus:Merito civile gold medal BAR.svg|''[[Provincia nomismate aureo ob virtutem civilem decoratum]]'' Fasciculus:BenemeritiCultura1.png|''[[Provincia nomismate aureo ob scolam culturam artemque decorata]]'' </gallery> == Historia == Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] provincia abrogata est; in locum eius successit '''[[Urbs metropolitana Bononiensis]]'''. == Geographia == Fines provinciae mediae Padanae Planitiei et septentrionalium [[Apennini|Apenninorum]] partes comprehendunt. == Municipia in Provincia Bononiensi == Municipia in Provincia Bononiensi usuq ad dies 1 Ianuarri 2015, '''56''' fuerunt. {{Div col|cols=3}} # '''[[Bononia]]''', # [[Adianum]], # [[Argelata]], # [[Balnea Porrectae]], # [[Barisella]], # [[Bentivolium (Italia)|Bentivolium]], # [[Burgus Thausiniani]], # [[Butrium (Aemilia-Romania)|Butrium]], # [[Calderaria]], # [[Camugnanum]], # [[Capraria supra Panicum]], # [[Casaliculum]], # [[Castellum Maius]], # [[Castillio de Gatis]], # [[Castrum Argelis]], # [[Castrum Casale]], # [[Castrum Casii]], # [[Castrum Guelfum]], # [[Castrum Nasicae]], # [[Castrum Rivi]], # [[Castrum Sancti Ioannis in Persicetum]], # [[Castrum Sancti Petri (Aemilia-Romania)|Castrum Sancti Petri]], # [[Ceula (Aemilia-Romania)|Ceula]] seu [[Ceula Petrosa]], # [[Crevalcorium]], # [[Ductia]], # [[Fanum Sanctae Agathae (Provincia Bononiensis)|Fanum Sanctae Agathae]], # [[Fanum Sancti Benedicti Vallis Sambri]], # [[Fanum Sancti Georgii de Plano]], # [[Fanum Sancti Lazari (Italia)|Fanum Sancti Lazari]], # [[Fanum Sancti Petri in Casale]], # [[Fontana (Aemilia-Romania)|Fontana]] , # [[Forum Cornelii]], # [[Gaium Reginae]], # [[Galeria (Aemilia-Romania)|Galeria]], # [[Granaglionum]], # [[Granarolum]], # [[Grizzana]], # [[Lizzanum]], # [[Loianum]], # [[Malalbergum]], # [[Medicina (Italia)|Medicina]], # [[Minervium (Aemilia-Romania)|Minervium]], # [[Mons Gothorum]], # [[Mons Renzuli]], # [[Mons Sancti Petri]], # [[Molinella]], # [[Monzonum]], # [[Mordanum]], # [[Ozanum]], # [[Planorium]], # [[Plebs Centi]], # [[Sala Bononiensium]], # [[Saxum (Aemilia-Romania)|Saxum]], # [[Unciola]] (alia nomina: [[Unzola]]), # [[Vallis Samoggiae]], # [[Virgatum]]. {{Div col end}} {{NexInt}} * [[Aemilia-Romania]] (''regio''), * [[Aemilia]] (''terra''), * [[Romaniola]] (''terra''), * [[Bononia]] (''urbs''), * [[Urbs metropolitana Bononiensis]], * [[Provinciae Italiae abrogatae]], * [[Provinciae Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130514222430/http://www.provincia.bologna.it/ Pagina officialis] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Province of Bologna|Provinciam Bononiensem}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Map of Metropolitan city of Bologna (region Emilia-Romagna, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Provinciae Bononiensis in Regione Aemilia-Romania. Fasciculus:Villa Marconi.jpg|Villa [[Gulielmus Marconi|Gulielmi Marconi]], apud [[Saxum Marconi]]. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Provincia Bononiensis| ]] hbyyjipnz0tzz5lasg72nimu1gfqmzf 0 70524 3959203 3948159 2026-05-11T21:25:04Z LilyKitty 18316 de officio editoris et Tsetsenia 3959203 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anna Politkovskaja im Gespräch mit Christhard Läpple.jpg|thumb]] '''Anna Stephani filia Politkovskaja''' ([[Russice]] Анна Степановна Политковская, ''Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaja''; nata '''Mazepa''', Russice Мазепа, [[Urbs Novum Eboracum|Urbe Novo Eboraco]] die [[30 Augusti]] [[1958]] - necata est [[Moscua]]e die [[7 Octobris]] [[2006]]) fuit [[diurnarius|diurnaria]] [[Russia|Russica]], quae [[domus editoria|editorix]] periodici ''[[Novaya Gazeta]]'' et multa de [[bellum|bello]] [[Tsetsenia|Tsetseno]], de [[iura humana|iuribus humanis]],<ref>Inter eos in [[Tsetsenia]] investigavit.</ref> [[libertas imprimendi|libertate imprimendi]] et de virorum publicorum turpitudinibus scripsit et [[civilitas|res politicas]] Russicas acri subtilique ingenio et iudicio percensuit. [[Fasciculus:Mogila Anna Politkovskaya.jpg|thumb|Sepulcretum Annae Polikoskajae]] Anno 2001 Praemium ex [[Amnestia Internationalis]] accepit, anno 2003 socius [[PEN Internationalis]] facta est et anno 2004 [[Praemium Olavi Palme]] accepit.<ref>[https://www.palmefonden.se/olof-palmepriset/palmepristagare De Praemio Olavi Palme]</ref> == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externus == * [http://mp3.podcast.hr-online.de/hronline/mp3/podcast/derTag/in_memoriam_anna_politkowskaja_-_recherchen_in_russland.mp3?tl=html In memoriam Annae Politkovskajae, HR2 - MP3 ]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{scriptor-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Politkovskaja, Anna}} [[Categoria:Scriptores de re politica]] [[Categoria:Auctores Russici]] [[Categoria:Incolae Unionis Sovieticae]] [[Categoria:Diurnarii Russiae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1958]] [[Categoria:Mortui 2006]] [[Categoria:Necati]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] kb0akbxftx076eohmmhd0h3k5yqbqwo 0 78842 3959200 3782412 2026-05-11T21:09:37Z LilyKitty 18316 de eponymode facultate univr 3959200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} ''' Alexander Michaelis filius Prochorov''' ([[Russice]] Александр Михайлович Прохоров, ''Aleksandr Michajlovič Prochorov''; natus in [[Atherton]] die [[11 Iulii]] [[1916]], [[Moscua]]e mortuus die [[8 Ianuarii]] [[2002]]) fuit [[physicus]] [[Russia|Russicus]] [[URSS|Sovieticus]]. Alexander Prochorov anno [[1939]] magna cum laude complevit studium in [[ordo professorum]][|facultate]] physica [[Universitas Publica Petropolitana|Universitatis Publicae Leninopolitana]]. Ut miles copiarum pedestrium [[URSS|Sovieticarum]] in [[Bellum Magnum Patrium|Bello Magno Patrio]] participavit, sed ab anno [[1944]], postquam grave vulneratus fuit, exercitus demissit et denuo se operi scientifici dedicavit. Annis [[1946]]–[[1982]] in Instituto Physico [[Academia Scientiarum Russica|Academiae Scientiarum URSS]] laborabat, et ab anno [[1982]] fuit praefectus Instituti Physicae Generalis Academiae illius. Praeterea, in [[Universitas Publica Moscuensis|Universitate Publica Moscuensi]] (cuius professor factus est anno [[1959]]) et in Instituto Physico-Technico Moscuensi docebat. Anno [[1960]] socius correspondens, et anno [[1966]] academicus Academiae Scientiarum URSS electus est. Ab anno [[1969]] erat editor principalis ''[[Encyclopaedia Magna Sovietica|Encyclopaediae Magnae Sovieticae]]''. Anno [[1964]] [[Praemium Nobelianum Physicae|Nobelianum Physicae Praemium]] una cum [[Carolus H. Townes|Carolo H. Townes]] et [[Nicolaus Basov|Nicolao Basov]] abstulit, ratione studii [[instrumentum lasericum|instrumenti laserici]] et mesar ex [[unda micrometrica]]. Androides [[7269 Alprokhorov]] in eius honorem nominatus fuit, == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Aleksandr Prokhorov|Alexandrum Prochorov}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [http://bse.sci-lib.com/article093736.html Pagina de Alexandro Prochorov ''Encyclopaediae Sovieticae Magnae'' editionis tertiae] {{ling|Russice}} * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1964/ De Alexandro Prochorov] in pagina Nobeliano Physicae Praemio dicata {{Ling|Anglice}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Prochorov, Alexander}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Petropolitanae]] [[Categoria:Eruditi Unionis Sovieticae]] [[Categoria:Physici Russiae]] [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] [[Categoria:Participes secundi belli mundani]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Moscuensis]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Scientiarum Russicae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1916]] [[Categoria:Mortui 2002]] aw3fu9dtvspu7wri98lx0le9sq8q2ja 0 80186 3959194 3855962 2026-05-11T20:25:00Z Rei Momo 58149 3959194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Aeliseus Maria Coroli''' (natus ''Eliseu Maria Coroli'' [[Burgus Novus (Aemilia-Romania)|Burgi Novi]]<!--Castelnovo Val Tidone--> in provincia [[Placentia]]e [[regio]]nis [[Aemilia-Romania|Aemiliae-Romaniae]] die [[22 Ianuarii]] [[1900]]; mortuus [[Bragantia Parae|Bragantiae Parae]] die [[29 Iulii]] [[1982]]), fuit [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Catholicus]] [[Barnabitae|Barnabitarum]] et prior praelatus Dioeceseos [[Guama]]e. Eius sententia apostolica fuit "Filiolis Pax Et Gaudium." Anno [[1979]] praelatura{{dubsig}} facta est dioeceseos, et anno [[1981]] facta est nova dioceseos [[Bragantia Parae|Bragantiae Parae]]. Conditor [[Valetudinarium|Valetudinarii]] Sancti [[Antonius Maria Zaccaria|Antoni Mariae Zaccariae]] fuit. == Sententia atque vexillum == [[Fasciculus:Escudo de Eliseu Maria Coroli.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Vexillum episcopi Corolii]] '''FILIOLIS PAX ET GAUDIUM''' <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> == Bibliographia == * Colares, Terezinha. ''O Missonário Feliz.'' Paragominas in [[Brasilia]]e: Grafica e Editora São Marcos Ltda. * Ersilius Faustus Fiorentini: ''Il Vescovo della carità e della gioia'', Ed. Berti, [[Placentia]]e, [[2006]], ISBN 88-7364-140-7 == Nexus externi == * {{CathHierBishop|coroli}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1900|1982|Coroli, Aeliseus Maria}} [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]] m6ufcuib49muj455w0r72bqpwo9hpet 0 81667 3959196 3272843 2026-05-11T20:57:53Z Vysotsky 36282 +/- fasciculus 3959196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Tweede Kamer Minister Cals, Bestanddeelnr 912-7311.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Iosephus Cals minister eruditionis anno 1961]] '''Iosephus Cals''', vulgo saepius ''Jo'' sed plene ''Jozef Maria Laurens Theo Cals'' (natus in ''Roermond'' die [[18 Iulii]] [[1914]]; mortuus in ''Wassenaar'' iuxta [[Haga]]m die [[30 Decembris]] [[1971]]), alumnus [[Universitas Noviomagensis|Universitatis Noviomagensis]], politicorum peritus, fuit [[Nederlandia]]e primus minister a die [[14 Aprilis]] [[1965]] ad [[22 Novembris]] [[1966]]. == Nexus externi == {{communiaCat|Jo Cals|Iohannem Cals}} * [http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn1/cals Biographia] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [http://www.parlement.com/9291000/biof/00251 Biographia officialis] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [http://www.minaz.nl/english/Prime_Minister/Prime_Ministers_since_1945/Mr_J_M_L_Th_Cals Biographia] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Primi Ministri Nederlandici}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cals, Iohannes}} [[Categoria:Primi Ministri Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1914]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1971]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Noviomagensis]] bpl5si1t7vfi72t42gtwapi8w4stydp 0 83499 3959219 3396264 2026-05-12T03:37:27Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959219 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Romanus Ericus Petsche''' (natus in Gottschee, hodie Kočevje in [[Slovenia]], die [[3 Februarii]] [[1907]]; mortuus in Ried im Innkreis anno [[1993]]) fuit [[magister]] et pictor [[Austria]]cus, qui inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] in Novi Sad familiae [[Iudaei|Iudaeam]] a [[NSDAP|nazistis]] vexatae auxilium dedit. Huius operis gratia anno [[1983]] decoratus est titulo ''[[Iustus inter gentes|iusto inter gentes]]''.<ref>[http://db.yadvashem.org/righteous/family.html?language=en&itemId=4042657 Romanus Ericus Petsche] apud [[Yad Vashem]] situm publicum. {{Ling|Anglica}}</ref> == Nexus externi== * [http://www.ried.at/museum/special/petsche2003 De Romani Erici Petsche imaginibus]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud www.ried.at ==Notae== <references/> {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1907|1993|Petsche, Romanus Ericus }} [[Categoria:Pictores Austriae]] [[Categoria:Iusti inter gentes]] 6befstm2sqsdcdsda0j7n4ktcqq1cxl 0 115716 3959178 3725261 2026-05-11T16:57:23Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name = ''Quercus falcata'' |image = Quercus falcata leaf bark.jpg |image_caption = [[Folium]] et [[cortex]] <!-- |status = G5 |status_system = TNC |status_ref = <ref name=natureserve>{{Cite web | publisher =NatureServe | title = Quercus falcata | work = NatureServe Explorer | url = http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Quercus+falcata+ | accessdate = 2007-07-07}}</ref> --> |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicotyledones]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosidae]] |ordo = [[Fagales]] |familia = [[Fagaceae]] |genus = ''[[Quercus]]'' |sectio = ''[[Lobatae]]'' |species = '''''Q. falcata''''' |binomial = ''Quercus falcata'' |binomial_authority = [[Andreas Michaux|Michx.]] |range_map = Quercus falcata range map 1.png |}} '''''Quercus falcata''''' est [[arbor]] [[Lobatae|Lobatarum]], sectionis [[Index specierum Quercus|quercuum rubrarum]] [[genus (taxinomia)|generis]] ''[[Quercus]],'' in [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] [[septentrio]]nalibus [[oriens|orientalibusque]] [[endemismus|endemica]]. Habitat in sitibus siccis arenosisve a [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]] [[meridies|meridiano]] ([[Insula Longa]]) meridiem versus ad [[Florida]]m mediam et [[occidens|occidentem]] versus ad [[Missuria]]m meridianam [[Texia]]mque orientalem. [[Planta]] est [[arbor]] magnitudine media, [[deciduus|decidua]], ad 25–30&thinsp;m alta, raro 35–38&thinsp;m (specimina in [[silva]] culta), [[truncus|trunco]] ad 1.5&thinsp;m lato, corona [[caput|capite]] lato summo rotundo. [[Folium|Folia]] sunt 10–30&thinsp;cm longa et 6–16&thinsp;cm lata, 3–5 [[lobus|lobis]] acutissimis, saepe curvatis, apice setosa, medio lobo longo et angusto; parvus numerus loborum longorum angustorum est pro diagnosi.<!--readily distinguishing Southern Red Oak from other red oaks.--> Fundamentum folii est distincte rotundum in formam [[campanula inverta|campanulae invertae]] saepe inaequalis. Folia sunt atroviridia et nitida supra, rubiginosa et pilosa infra, plerumque secundum costam et venaturam. [[Semen]] est [[glans (fructus)|glans]] brevis, 9–16&thinsp;mm longa, testacea clara;<!--, enclosed for one-third to half of its length in a flat cup--> glans fine suae temporis alteri maturescit. [[Cortex]] est atrofumosus, cristis angustis non profundis.<!-- ==Notae== <references />--> ==Nexus externi== {{Communia|Quercus falcata|Quercum falcatam}} {{Fontes biologici}} * [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501030 Flora Americae Septentrionalis: ''Quercus falcata.''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121104094429/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=QUFA USDA Plants Profile: ''Quercus falcata.''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110608030138/http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/quercus/falcata.htm USFS Silvic Manual: ''Quercus falcata.''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100312070425/http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/qufa.htm ''Quercus falcata'': imagines apud bioimages.vanderbilt.ed.u] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100824140246/http://www.plantmaps.com/nrm/quercus-falcata-southern-red-oak-native-range-map.php Tabula distributionis ''Quercus falcatae.''] [[Categoria:Arbores Alabamae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Texiae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Carolinae Meridianae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Carolinae Septentrionalis]] [[Categoria:Arbores Ludovicianae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Arkansiae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Delavariae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Floridae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Georgiae (civitas CFA)]] [[Categoria:Arbores Illinoesiae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Indianae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Kentukiae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Missuriae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Mississippiae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Novae Caesareae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Oclahomae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Ohii]] [[Categoria:Arbores Tennesiae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Terrae Mariae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Virginiae]] [[Categoria:Arbores Virginiae Occidentalis]] [[Categoria:Species plantarum]] [[Categoria:Quercus]] [[Categoria:Taxa Michaux]] t8bfanfgoyx0xbgc0m3828bja20kf51 0 117355 3959212 3007779 2026-05-12T00:37:01Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959212 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Map of Wisconsin highlighting Richland County.svg|thumb|right|Comitatus collocatio in Visconsinia]] [[Fasciculus:WIS58RichlandCountyWisconsinFarm.jpg|thumb|left| Rus Richland comitatús]] '''Richland Comitatus''' ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: '' Richland County'') est [[Visconsinia]]e comitatus in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]] 17924 incolarum (anno [[2000]]). Comitatus, cuius caput est urbs ''[[Richland Center (Visconsinia)|Richland Center]]'', die anno [[1842]] creatus est. In hoc comitatu minima pars incolarum (accurate 3.5 %) haud [[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]] domu loquitur. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Richland County, Wisconsin|Richland Comitatum}} * [http://co.richland.wi.us/index.shtml Situs publicus comitatús]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{geo-stipula}} {{Comitatus Visconsiniae}} [[Categoria:Comitatus Visconsiniae]] 42s51ip5pwkfff204nonn2191iufp71 0 127001 3959215 3451677 2026-05-12T01:36:21Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959215 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Blason ville fr Rohan (Morbihan).svg|thumb|200px|Roanii arma gentilitia]] [[Fasciculus:BonneEncontre-Rohan.jpg|thumb|200 px|Roanii aedicula]] '''Roanium'''<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref> ([[Francogallice]] ''Rohan'' ; [[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] ''Roc'han'') est commune 1581 incolarum (anno [[2007]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Mariculum|Mariculi]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor]]e. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Mariculi]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Rohan, Morbihan|Roanium}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220325074257/https://www.rohan.fr/ Roanii pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Morbihani]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Morbihani]] r5bn2uocwzdpu29tz12ddjxu35eh025 0 127817 3959228 3446999 2026-05-12T07:59:19Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959228 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Saint-Aubin-du-Pavail''' ([[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] '''Lanwezoù''') est commune 1105 incolarum (anno [[2007]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Illa et Vicinonia|Illae et Vicinoniae]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor]]e. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Illae et Vicinoniae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Aubin-du-Pavail|Saint-Aubin-du-Pavail}} * [http://www.ville-saint-benoit-des-ondes.fr/accueil/ Saint-Aubin-du-Pavail pagina interretialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Ling|Francice}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Ellae et Vicenoniae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Ellae et Vicenoniae]] lusm07kp39dkfrh1sw5h6jjj6kgzx98 0 133124 3959134 3509424 2026-05-11T12:43:01Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Providentia'''<ref>{{Fontes desiderati}}</ref> ([[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanice]]: ''Providencia'') est [[urbs]] [[Chilia]]e. Ibi erant 120 874 incolarum anno [[2002]]. Condita est die [[25 Februarii]] [[1897]]. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{fontes geographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050622035803/http://www.providencia.cl/ Municipalitas] {{Ling|Hispanice}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Urbes Chiliae]] [[Categoria:Condita 1897]] jm6pd8iudhe83yps8mkzky2o96x3mhw 0 133401 3959150 3454698 2026-05-11T15:13:08Z Sfriert 192438 False image was replaced by proper illustration 3959150 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Petit-Réderching calvaire rue de la libération1.jpg|thumb|Petit-Réderching: [[via crucis]]]] ''' Petit-Réderching ''' ([[Germanice]] ''' Kleinrederchingen''') est commune 1492 incolarum (anno [[2008]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Mosella (praefectura Franciae)|Mosellae]] in [[Francia]]e orientalis regione [[Lotharingia]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Mosellae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat| Petit-Réderching | Petit-Réderching }} * {{INSEE commune|57535|de=Petit-Réderching}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Mosellae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Mosellae]] rcs3sotgpvm9hr2j9g8b2j7zsgszo1b 0 135125 3959185 3927258 2026-05-11T17:51:20Z JackyM59 202366 Updated photographs 3959185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Église Saint-Martin à Mastaing.jpg|left|thumb|Mastaing: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Martinus Turonensis|Sancto Martino]] dicata.]] {{res|Mastaing}} est [[commune]] 900 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Septentrio (praefectura Franciae)|Septentrionis]] in [[Francia]]e borealis regione [[Alta Franciae|Altis Franciae]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Septentrionis]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Mastaing|Mastaing}} {{INSEE commune|59391|de=Mastaing}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Septentrionis]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Septentrionis]] qiachxkhg56k8sqvmwgfq68w1aqhs24 0 135225 3959222 3561058 2026-05-12T05:10:09Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Rubus hispidus'' | image = Rubus hispidus.jpg | regnum = [[Plantae]] | unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudicotyledones]] | ordo = [[Rosales]] | familia = [[Rosaceae]] | genus = ''[[Rubus]]'' | subgenus = ''Eubatus'' | species = '''''R. hispidus''''' | binomial = ''Rubus hispidus'' | binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]}} [[Fasciculus:Rubus-hispidus-Acadia.jpg|thumb|left|Immaturae ''Rubi hispidi'' [[baca]]e]] '''''Rubus hispidus''''' ([[Anglice]] ''swamp dewberry, bristly dewberry, bristly groundberry, groundberry, hispid swamp blackberry, running swamp blackberry'') est [[angiospermae|planta florens]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Rosaceae|Rosacearum]], in [[America Septentrionalis|America Septentrionali]] orientali, ab [[Ontario]]ne ad [[Provinciae Maritimae|Provincias Maritimas]] et ad meridiem ad [[Carolina Meridionalis|Carolinam Meridianam]] [[endemismus|endemica]].<ref>[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=RUHI De specie]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud situm plants.usda.gov (USDA Plants).</ref> [[Planta]] est 0.2 m ad 1 m alta, omnem per [[annus|annum]] foliata. In humidis vel aliquando siccis humis, fossis, depressionibus ([[Anglice]] ''swales''), vel [[silva|silvis]] apertis [[habitatio|habitat]]. Plantae sunt parvi [[flos|flores]], [[petalum|petalis]] [[quinque|quinis]] [[albus|albis]] rotundis praedita. [[Fructus]] est aggregatio [[drupeola]]rum, matura [[ruber|rubra]] vel [[purpureus|atropurpurea]]. Ramunculi sunt rubri et setosi. Tinctura [[caerulea]] obscura ex [[baca|bacis]] effici potest. Liquor etiam ut [[adstrictorius]] adhiberi potest. Bacae sunt amariores pro usu [[ars coquinaria|coquinario]], et ergo haec planta est late inculta. == Notae == <references /> {{biologia-stipula}} [[Categoria:Flora Terrae Mariae]] [[Categoria:Flora Virginiae]] [[Categoria:Rubus]] [[Categoria:Taxa Linnaei]] [[Categoria:Fructus]] [[Categoria:Species plantarum]] e7cspbcuatgl3rna6gn0zq29d5dziqg 0 136272 3959125 3847063 2026-05-11T12:04:23Z LilyKitty 18316 corrigendum 3959125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} [[Fasciculus:Istanbul Convention (2011) participation map, current.svg|thumb|Civitates Conventionem signaverunt ([[purpureus]]) et ratam havent ([[caeruleus]])]] '''Conventio Consilii Europae de inhibenda vi mulieribus adlata et de oppugnanda violentia domestica'''{{FD ref}} est [[internationalis iurum humanorum lex|pactio internationalis de iuribus humanis]] die [[11 Maii]] [[2011]] [[Constantinopolis|Istanbul]] a [[Consilium Europae|Consilio Europae]] iussa ad [[iura humana]] [[mulier]]um [[puella]]que contra omnes [[violentia contra mulieres|violentia pro mulieribus]]{{dubsig}} ac [[violentia domestica|violentiam domesticam]]. Ad mensem Februarii anni [[2024]], quadraginta quique [[civitas sui iuris|civitates]] hanc conventionem [[subscriptio|signavit]], et triginta novem civitates et una organizatio supernationalis (die [[12 Martii]] [[2012]] [[Turcia]] primum, deinde [[Albania]], [[Austria]], [[Bosnia et Herzegovina]], [[Mons Niger]], [[Italia]], [[Serbia]] et [[Portugallia]], [[Andorra]], [[Dania]], [[Francia]], [[Hispania]], [[Res publica Moldavica]], [[Suecia]], [[Monacum]] et [[Slovacia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Polonia]] et [[Nederlandia]], [[Sanctus Marinus]], [[Belgium]], [[Romania]], [[Norvegia]], [[Georgia]], [[Germania]], [[Estonia]], [[Cyprus]] et [[Helvetia]], [[Res publica Macedonica]], [[Islandia]], [[Croatia]], [[Graecia]], [[Luxemburgum]], [[Hibernia (res publica)|Hibernia]], [[Lichtenstenum]], [[Moldavia]], [[Ucraina]], [[Britanniarum regnum]], [[Latvia]] et [[Unio Europaea]]) hanc ratam habent.<ref>[http://www.conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ChercheSig.asp?NT=210&CM=&DF=&CL=ENG Signaturae et Ratificationes Conventionis].</ref> At quales civitates; [[Britanniarum Regnum]], [[Italia]], [[Russia]] et [[Sancta Sedes]] stant, qui modificationem huis Conventionis temptant. [[Amnestia Internationalis]] qualem propositionem opponet.<ref>[https://archive.is/20120718022725/www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/IOR61/004/2011/en/6c1d23c1-f37e-41f1-aded-3e7b25.ce7861/ior610042011en.html Amnestitia Internationalis modificationem quae Conventionem infirmet oppnet].</ref> Quod hae Conventio die [[1 Augusti]] [[2014]] in poestatem ire fas est. Tamen die [[20 Martii]] [[2021]], [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] praeses Turciae hanc conventionem deponi iussit.<ref>[https://bianet.org/english/women/241444-erdogan-insists-it-s-at-his-discretion-to-pull-turkey-out-of-istanbul-convention Erdoğan insists it's at his discretion to pull Turkey out of Istanbul Convention].</ref> == Summa conventionis == Cum praefatio, [[Conventio de Protectione Iurum Humanorum et Libertatum elementariorum]], [[Charta Socialis Europaea]], [[Conventio de Actione contra Mercatum Hominum]] reaffirmantur, etiam cum pactionibus de iuribus humanis [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociationis Nationum]] et Status Romana de [[Iudicium Internationale Criminale|Iudicio Internationalis Criminalis]]. Atque cognoscet ut implementum [[aequalitas ante legem|aequalitatis]] inter vires et mulieres "[[de iure]]" et "[[de facto]]" essentia ad praeventionem [[violentia contra mulieres|violentiae mulieribus adlatae]]. Articulus II affirmat ut haec conventio et tempore [[pax|pacis]] et tempore [[bellum|belli]] adhiberi fas est. Aticulus III definitiones dat; "violentia contra mulieres" ut violatio [[iura humana|iurum humanorum]] et forma [[discriminatio]]nis mulierum ac consequentia violentiae, sicut vexiatio seu [[tortura]] physica, [[abusus sexualis|sexualis]], et [[usus perversus psychicus|violentiae psychicae]], vel oeconomica, et in vita publica et [[vita privata|privata]] putari fas est. Et "[[violentia domestica]]" ut omnes actiones violentiae physicae, sexualis, psycologicae, vel oecomonicae qui in [[familia]] vel [[domus|domo]] qualiscumque status actoris. Et Articulus IV affirmat ut implementum, specialiter de mensura protectionis iurum victimarum, sine omnibus discriminationibus omnium causa dare fas est, sicut sexus, genus, [[gens]], color, [[lingua]], [[opinio]] politica, origo nationalis vel socialis, attributio ad [[minoritas|minoritatem]] nationalis, bonum, nativitas, [[homophylophilia|regio sexualis]], [[identitas generis]], status [[salus|salutis]], status [[migratio]]nis vel [[ius ad asylum|exsulationis]], vel ceterus status. Quod sub influentia [[Yogyakartae Principia|Principiorum Yogyakartensis]] formata est. Etiam Articulus 23 refugium pro mulieribus e violentia et Articulus 25 protectionen e [[abusus sexualis|abusu sexuali]] postulat. Et Articulus 33 [[violentia psychica|violentiam psychicam]], Articulus 37 [[matrimonium coaticium]], Articulus 38 [[mutilatio genitalium femineorum|mutilationem genitalium femineorum]] et Articulus 39 [[abortus|abortum]] et [[sterilizatio coacticia|sterilistionem coacticiam]] et Articulus 42 [[homicidium honorabile]] prohibet. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} *[[Consilium Europae]] *[[Conventio de Abrogatione in omni forma Discriminationis contra Mulieres]] *[[Yogyakartae Principia]] == Nexus externi == *[http://www.conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/210.htm Conventio de praebentione pugnaque Consilii Europae contra violentiam mulieribus ac domesticam] [[Categoria:Consilium Europae]] [[Categoria:Iura humana]] [[Categoria:Ius internationale]] [[Categoria:2011]] 7yzzy7f8blxfj7uaef69s7vgd3ardrs 0 143772 3959198 3322003 2026-05-11T21:04:42Z LilyKitty 18316 de origine nominis 3959198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} <!-- Cave ne astronomicas huius textus mensuras emendes; e formula {{fn|Data Asteroidum 7000}} automatice inseruntur. --> {{Capsa asteroidis |Numerus = 7269 |Genus = Asteroides Cinguli Principalis |Epocha = {{#time:j xg Y| {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|epocha}} }} |Axis = {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|axis semimaior}} |Perihelion = {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|perihelion}} |Aphelion = {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|aphelion}} |Periodus = {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|periodus}} |Anomalia = {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|anomalia media}} |Inclinatio = {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|inclinatio}} |Nodus = {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|omega}} |Argumentum = {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|argumentum}} |Eccentricitas = {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|eccentricitas}} |Diametrum = {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|diametrum}} |Massa = |Densitas = |Rotatio h = |Rotatio m = |Tholen = {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|spectrum tholen}} |SMASS = {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|spectrum smass}} |Magnitudo = {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|magnitudo}} |Albedo = {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|albedo}} |Repertor = Tamara Mikhaylovna Smirnova |Repertorbrevis = T. M. Smirnova |Repertor2 = |Repertorbrevis2 = |Repertor3 = |Repertorbrevis3 = |Repertor4 = |Repertorbrevis4 = ; |Dies = {{#time:j xg| {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|repertum}} }} |Annus = {{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|repertum}} }} |Designationes = 1975 VK2, 1975 WY1, 1985 RY2 }} '''7269 {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|nomen}}''',<ref>[[Nomina asteroidum]] iussu [[Unio Astronomica Internationalis|Unionis Astronomicae Internationalis]] imposita sunt.</ref> olim designationibus '''1975 VK2''', '''1975 WY1''', et '''1985 RY2''' agnitus, est [[asteroides]] [[Systema Solare|systematis solaris]] nostri, [[Asteroides Cinguli Principalis|asteroidibus Cinguli Principalis]] attributus. [[Astronomia|Astronomis]] terrestribus [[magnitudo absoluta|magnitudinem absolutam]] {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|magnitudo}} monstrat. Die [[{{#time:j xg| {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|repertum}} }}]] [[{{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|repertum}} }}]] a [[Tamara Mikhaylovna Smirnova|Tamara Mikhaylovna Smirnova]], astronomo apud [[Observatorium Astrophysicum Crimaeae|Observatorium Astrophysicum Crimaeae]] versato, repertus est.<ref>{{Harvard MPC Discovery Circumstances}}</ref> In honorem [[Alexander Prochorov|Alexandris Prichorov]] nominatus est.<!-- Hic de origine nominis scribendum est. --> Rerum orbitalium ratio [[epocha (astronomia)|epocha]]e {{#time:j xg Y| {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|epocha}} }} constitit. Qua epocha 7269 {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|nomen}} per dies {{#expr: (365.25 * {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|periodus}}) round 0}} circa solem movebatur. Axem orbitalem habebat [[Unitas astronomica|unitatum astronomicarum]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|axis semimaior}} round 2}} et eccentricitatem {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|eccentricitas}} round 2}}, distans igitur a sole [[perihelion|quam minime]] unitatibus {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|perihelion}} round 2}}, [[aphelion|quam maxime]] unitatibus {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|aphelion}} round 2}}. [[Inclinatio orbitalis]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|inclinatio}} round 2}}[[gradus (mensura)|&deg;]] reperiebatur, [[anomalia media]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|anomalia media}} round 2}}&deg;. <!-- Discovered 1975 Nov. 2 by T. M. Smirnova at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Aleksandr Mikhajlovich Prokhorov (b. 1916), renowned for fundamental research in quantum electronics that led to the creation of masers and lasers, was the 1964 recipient (with N. G. Basov and C. H. Townes) of the Nobel prize for physics and is honorary director of the Russian Academy of Sciences' General Physics Institute. NOTE: some special characters may not display properly (any characters within {} are an attempt to place the proper accent above a character) <b>Reference:</b> 19990928/MPCPages.arc <b>Last Updated:</b> 2009-05-11 --> ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus externi== {{NASA JPL|Data=[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=7269]}} {{systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Asteroides anno {{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 7000|7269|repertum}} }} reperti]] [[Categoria:Asteroides Cinguli Principalis]] c8gzih77e8qulmiph6qvu0htzajbf80 0 154540 3959158 3040969 2026-05-11T15:35:34Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 Nomen usatius inserui et titulum facio. 3959158 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ansicht des Klosters um 1562 Sankt Blasien.jpeg |thumb|350px|'''Monasterium Sancti Blasii''' circa annum 1562 incisum]] '''Monasterium Sancti Blasii'''<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref> vel '''S. Blaesi monasterium''' vel '''Blasii monasterium''' iacet in [[Sylva Hercinia]] et erat monasterium [[ordo Benedictinorum|Benedictinorum]]. ==Nexus externus== * [http://www.mgh.de/ddhv/dhv_246.htm Monumenta Germaniae Historica - Die Urkunden Heinrichs V. und der Königin Mathilde] ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> [[Categoria:Monasteria Germaniae|San-Blasium]] [[Categoria:Abbatiae Benedictinorum|San-Blasium]] [[Categoria:Aedificia Badeniae-Virtembergiae]] 5w6lf04jhtpa9cus3rt6ot81if9xzuy 3959159 3959158 2026-05-11T15:37:08Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 Bis-Taurinus movit paginam [[Monasterium San-Blasianum]] ad [[Monasterium Sancti Blasii]]: Titulus usatius et melioris Latini est. 3959158 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ansicht des Klosters um 1562 Sankt Blasien.jpeg |thumb|350px|'''Monasterium Sancti Blasii''' circa annum 1562 incisum]] '''Monasterium Sancti Blasii'''<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref> vel '''S. Blaesi monasterium''' vel '''Blasii monasterium''' iacet in [[Sylva Hercinia]] et erat monasterium [[ordo Benedictinorum|Benedictinorum]]. ==Nexus externus== * [http://www.mgh.de/ddhv/dhv_246.htm Monumenta Germaniae Historica - Die Urkunden Heinrichs V. und der Königin Mathilde] ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> [[Categoria:Monasteria Germaniae|San-Blasium]] [[Categoria:Abbatiae Benedictinorum|San-Blasium]] [[Categoria:Aedificia Badeniae-Virtembergiae]] 5w6lf04jhtpa9cus3rt6ot81if9xzuy 0 174983 3959235 3444551 2026-05-12T10:46:34Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959235 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Blason_Saint-Nicolas_62.svg|thumb|left|300px|Saint-Nicolas: [[vexillum]] ]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 62764.png|thumb|300px|Saint-Nicolas: communis tabula]] ''' Saint-Nicolas''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 4'934 incolarum (anno [[2009]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Fretum Calisii|Freti Calisii]] in provincia [[Septentrio et Fretum|Septentrioni et Freto]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Freti Calisii]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Nicolas (Pas-de-Calais)|Saint-Nicolas}} * {{INSEE commune|62764|de=Saint-Nicolas}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080612221346/http://www.ville-saintnicolas.com/ Saint-Nicolas pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Freti Gallici]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Freti Gallici]] q3rjkwhcradx3azs1c93nk9x2jierye 0 179698 3959232 3466137 2026-05-12T08:55:33Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959232 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 86222.png|thumb|Saint-Georges-lès-Baillargeaux: communis tabula]] [[Fasciculus: Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Georges-l%C3%A8s-Baillargeaux_%28Vienne%29.svg|thumb|left|Saint-Georges-lès-Baillargeaux: [[vexillum]] ]] ''' Saint-Georges-lès-Baillargeaux''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 3'681 incolarum (anno [[2008]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vigenna (praefectura Franciae)|Vigennae]] in provincia occidentali [[Pictaviensis et Carantoni|Pictaviensi et Carantoni]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vigennae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Georges-lès-Baillargeaux|Saint-Georges-lès-Baillargeaux}} * {{INSEE commune|86222|de=Saint-Georges-lès-Baillargeaux}} * [http://www.saint-georges-les-baillargeaux.fr/ Saint-Georges-lès-Baillargeaux pagina interretialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vigennae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vigennae]] 0lneykzxn6po06p4tuw30h0crpev8zs 0 179980 3959224 3911691 2026-05-12T05:53:07Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Ruralia commoda.jpg|thumb|Vini aestimatio in [[Petrus de Crescentiis|Petri de Crescentiis]] ''[[Liber commodorum ruralium|Libro commodorum ruralium]]'' picta ([[Spira]]e anno fere 1495 edito)]] [[Fasciculus:Crescenzi calendar.jpg|thumb|upright=2|Labores mensium sicut in libro manu scripto ''[[Ruralia commoda|Commodorum ruralium]]'' depinguntur. [[Museum Condé]] MS 340 f. 303v]] '''''Ruralia commoda''''' est opus de re rustica ab iuris consulto [[Bononia|Bononiensi]] [[Petrus de Crescentiis|Petro de Crescentiis]] anno [[1309]] perfectum, regi [[Carolus II (rex Neapolitanus)|Carolo II]] Neapolitano et [[Aymericus Placentinus|Aymerico Placentino]], [[Magistri Ordinis Praedicatorum|magistro Ordinis Praedicatorum]], dicatum. Qui liber in manuscriptis circiter 140 servatus est et in editionibus et versionibus 57 inter annos [[1471]] et 1570 divulgatis. == Continentur == # De locis habitabilibus eligendis et de curiis et domibus et his, quae habitationi sunt necessaria, faciendis # De natura plantarum et de rebus communibus cultui cuiuslibet generi agrorum # De campestribus agris colendis et de natura et utilitate fructuum, qui ex eis percipiuntur # De vitibus et vineis et de cultu earum et de natura et utilitate fructus earum # De arboribus et natura et utilitate fructuum ipsarum # De [[hortus|ortis]] et de natura et utilitate tam herbarum, quae seruntur in eis, quam ceterarum, quae in aliis locis sine hominum industria naturaliter nascuntur # De pratis et nemoribus # De viridariis et rebus delectabilibus ex arboribus, herbis et fructu ipsarum artificiose agendis # De omnibus animalibus, quae nutriuntur in rure # De diversis ingeniis capiendi animalia fera # De regulis operationum ruris # De his, quae singulis mensibus possunt in rure agi == Bibliographia == ; Editiones Latinae * 1471 : ''Liber ruralium comodorum''. Augustae Vindelicorum per Ioannem Schüssler [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0004/bsb00041510/images/index.html Textus] * 1474, 1475, iterum ante 1483 : ''Liber ruralium commodorum''. In universitate Lovaniensi per Ioannem de Westfalia [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/crescentiis1477 Textus] * 1486 : ''Opus ruralium commodorum''. Argentinae [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11302965-0 Textus] * 1490? : Spirae a Petro Drach * 1493 : Moguntiae * 1500? : Antverpiae? * 1500? : Argentinae a Ren. Beck * 1538 : ''De agricultura''. Basileae per Henricum Petri [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0008/bsb00089618/images/index.html Textus] * 1548 : ''De omnibus agriculturae partibus''. Basileae per Henricum Petri [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0008/bsb00089618/images/index.html Textus] * 1995-2002 : Will Richter, Reinhilt Richter-Bergmeier, edd., ''Petrus de Crescentiis: Ruralia commoda''. 4 voll. Heidelbergae: Winter ; Versiones Italicae * 1478 : ''Liber Petri Crescientii de agricultura''. Florentiae: per me Nicholaum diocesis Vratislaviensis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k311652f Textus] * 1490 : ''Il libro della agricultura di Piero Crescentio''. Vicentiae [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0006/bsb00066731/images/index.html Textus] * 1538 : ''Pietro Crescentio: Opera d'agricoltura''. Venetiis [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10187703-0 Textus] ; Versiones Francogallicae * 1486 : ''Livre ... des prouffitz champestres et ruraulx'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k87105751 Textus] * 1490? : ''La maniere denter et planter en jardins'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k851725v Textus] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k851727m alia editio] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k79021j alia] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k111264w alia] * 1516 : ''Le livre des prouffitz champestres et ruraulx'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15202011 Textus] * 1521 : ''Le livre des prouffitz champestres et ruraulx'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86095128 Textus] * 1529 : ''Le livre des prouffitz champestres et ruraulx'' [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10195852-1 Textus] * 1540 : ''Le bon mesnaiger''. Parisiis: Estienne Caveiller [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10196449-2 Textus] ; Versiones Theodiscae * 1493 : ''Petrus de Crescenciis zu dutsche''. Spirae [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0003/bsb00036829/images/index.html Textus] * 1495? : ''Petrus de Crescentijs zu teutsch mit figuren''. Spirae [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0002/bsb00026722/images/index.html Textus] * 1512 : ''Petrus de Crescensis: Das Buch von pflantzung der Äcker Boum und aller Krüter''. Argentorati [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00005105/images/index.html Textus] * 1518 : ''Petrus de Crescentiis: Von dem nutz der ding die in äckeren gebuwt werden''. Argentorati [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0002/bsb00029610/images/index.html Textus] ; Philologica et critica * T. Alfonsi et al., edd., ''Pier de' Crescenzi: studi e documenti''. Bononiae, 1933 * Johanna Bauman, "Tradition and Transformation: the Pleasure Garden in Piero de' Crescenzi's ''Liber Ruralium Commodorum''" in ''Studies in the History of Gardens and Designed Landscapes'' (2002) pp. 99-141 * Agostino Bignardi, "[http://rsa.storiaagricoltura.it/pdfsito/71_10.pdf Il sistema del maggese in Pietro De Crescenzi]" * Robert G. Calkins, "Piero de' Crescenzi and the Medieval Garden" in Elisabeth B. MacDougall, ed., ''Medieval Gardens'' (Dumbarton Oaks, 1986) pp. 155-173 {{Google Books|i6lciEEzyZ8C|Paginae selectae}} * William C. Crossgrove, "Medicine in the ''Twelve Books on Rural Practices'' of Petrus de Crescentiis" in Margaret R. Schleissner, ed., ''Manuscript Sources of Medieval Medicine: A Book of Essays'' (Garland Publishing, 1995) pp. 81-104 {{Google Books|UnR9AwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae editionis recentioris}} * Perrine Mane, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5110_1985_num_97_2_2825 L'iconographie des manuscrits du Traité d'agriculture de Pier' de Crescenzi]" in ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'' vol. 97 fasc. 2 (1985) pp. 727-818 * Hélène Naïs, "Le Rustican: notes sur la traduction française du Traité d'agriculture de Pierre de Crescens" in ''Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance'' vol. 19 (1957) pp. 103-132 ; De vineis * Jean-Louis Gaulin, "[https://books.openedition.org/pumi/22872 Viticulture et vinification dans l’agronomie italienne (xiie-xve siècles)]" in Perrine Mane et al., ''Le Vigneron, la viticulture et la vinification'' (''Flaran'', 11. Presses Universitaires du Midi, 1989) * Jean-Louis Gaulin, "[http://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5110_1984_num_96_1_2746 Sur le vin au Moyen Âge. Pietro de' Crescenzi lecteur et utilisateur des Géoponiques traduites par Burgundio de Pise]" in ''Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome. Moyen-Age, Temps modernes'' vol. 96 (1984) pp. 95-127 * Antonio Ivan Pini, "[http://www.itinerarimedievali.unipr.it/v2/pdf/P_pini_viticoltura_bolognese.pdf La viticoltura bolognese in due agronomi del trecento: Pier de’ Crescenzi e Paganino Bonafede]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}" in Antonio Ivan Pini, ''Campagne bolognesi. Le radici agrarie di una metropoli medievale'' (Florentiae, 1993) pp. 253-263 * Yves Renouard, "[http://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1964_num_76_68_4513 Le vin vieux au Moyen âge]" in ''Annales du Midi'' vol. 76 (1964) pp. 447-455 == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130514222717/http://hos.ou.edu/galleries/03Medieval/Crescenzi/ Imagines e libris manu scriptis ''Commodorum ruralium''] * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110517044341/http://hcs.osu.edu/hort/history/028.html Crescenzi, Pietro – 14th Century]" in ''History of Horticulture'' apud universitatem Civicam Ohiensem * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210507011329/https://arlima.net/qt/rustican_du_labour_des_champs.html Le Rustican du labour des champs]" (de versione Francogallico) apud ''Arlima'' * [https://www.photo.rmn.fr/CS.aspx?VP3=SearchResult&VBID=2CO5PCX67QTJ1 Imagines e manuscripto versionis Francogallicae] ([[Museum Condaeum]] MS 340) ** [http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/#details?id=IF3010627 catalogus eiusdem exemplaris] * [http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/#details?id=MAZC11150 Catalogus manuscripti Latini] (Ms 3588 [[Bibliotheca Mazarina|Bibliothecae Mazarinae]]) * [http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/#details?id=MAZC11151 Catalogus manuscripti Francogallici] (Ms 3589-3590 [[Bibliotheca Mazarina|Bibliothecae Mazarinae]]) * [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0011/bsb00112062/images/index.html Exemplar manu scriptum Latinum anni 1444] apud [[bibliotheca Publica Bavarica|bibliothecam publicam Bavaricam]] * [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0004/bsb00046580/images/index.html Exemplar manu scriptum Latinum anni 1351] apud [[bibliotheca Publica Bavarica|bibliothecam publicam Bavaricam]] {{Nexus absunt}} [[Categoria:Italiae scripta]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] [[Categoria:Libri de re rustica]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 14]] ezoku38tvr4vbm0qxzlgrmb2ew40kuw 0 190876 3959229 3430211 2026-05-12T08:07:54Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959229 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Saint-Chaffrey_%C3%A9glise.jpg|thumb|250px|Saint-Chaffrey: [[ecclesia]]]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 05133.png|left|thumb|250px| Saint-Chaffrey: communis tabula]] ''' Saint-Chaffrey ''' ([[Occitanice]] ''Sant Chafrèi'') est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 1'668 incolarum (anno [[2010]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Alpes Superiores|Alpium Superiorum]] in regione [[Provincia et Alpis]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Alpium Superiorum|Indicem communium praefecturae Alpium Superiorum]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Chaffrey |Saint-Chaffrey }} * [http://www.saint-chaffrey.fr/ Saint-Chaffrey pagina interretialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{INSEE commune|05133|de=Saint-Chaffrey}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Alpium Superiorum]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Alpium superiorum]] 2ptyc7uz2l71fmar5hlat076s6jzwp5 0 195437 3959207 3606542 2026-05-11T22:50:09Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Renaud-Detail.jpg|thumb|Renaud anno [[2006]]]] '''Renaud Petrus Manuel Séchan''' (vulgo ''Renaud Pierre Manuel Séchan''; [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] natus die [[11 Maii]] [[1952]] natus), nomine scaenico '''Renaud''' notus, est cantor, actor, fabulator atque poëta qui saepe [[Suorum carminum actor|cantica sibi voce canenda componit]] [[Francia|Francicus]]. == Discografia == * [[1975]]: ''Amoureux de Paname'' * [[1977]]: ''Laisse béton'' * [[1979]]: ''Ma gonzesse'' * [[1980]]: ''Marche à l'ombre'' * [[1981]]: ''Le Retour de Gérard Lambert'' * [[1983]]: ''Morgane de toi'' * [[1985]]: ''Mistral gagnant'' * [[1988]]: ''[[Putain de camion (discus)|Putain de camion]]'', amico [[Coluche]] dicatum. * [[1991]]: ''Marchand de caillouxx'' * [[1993]]: ''Renaud cante el' Nord'' * [[1994]]: ''À la belle de Mai'' * [[1995]]: ''Les Introuvables'' * [[1996]]: ''Renaud chante Brassens'' (canto a [[Georgius Brassens|Georgio Brassens]]) * [[2002]]: ''Boucan d'enfer'' * [[2006]]: ''Rouge Sang'' * [[2009]]: ''Molly Malone'' == Filmografia == * Germinal - ([[1993]]) - sicut Étienne Lantier * Crime Spree - ([[2003]]) - sicut Zéro == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Renaud}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210124002115/http://www.renaud-le-renard.com/ Renaud pagina interretialis] {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Renaud}} [[Categoria:Musici Franciae]] [[Categoria:Cantores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Actores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1952]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] 4idg0wbntf2rl3c8xcp102vnuz3p391 0 196520 3959202 3761384 2026-05-11T21:23:33Z Rei Momo 58149 /* Biographia */ 3959202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Iranette Ferreira Barcellos''' (notissima cognomine '''Amita Surica''', [[Lingua Lusitana|Lusitane]]: ''Tia Surica''), nata in vico Madureirae, [[Urbs Fluminensis|Urbis Fluminensis]] in [[Brasilia]] die [[17 Novembris]] [[1940]], est celeberrima [[cantrix]] Brasiliensis cantiuncularum [[samba]]e ''Scholae Portelae'', quae etiam agit in pelliculis televisionis. == Biographia == Nata [[Urbs Fluminensis|Urbis Fluminensis]] anno [[1940]], cum puella semper cum familia in ''Schola sambae Portelae'' ivit. Anno [[1966]] cantiuncula [[Carnelevarium|carnelevarii]] ''Memórias de um Sargento de Milícias'' cecinit, quae ei dedit praeclara fama, usque ad [[2003]] cum publicavit prior [[CD]]. Hodie, semper in vico Madureirae vivet, et casa eius, ab amicis histrionibus et cantoribus ''Cafofo da Surica'' appellata est.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130927222426/http://www.rivalpetrobras.com.br/novo/?p=1094 ''Feijoada da Tia Surica'']</ref><ref>[https://archive.is/20130913232555/http://www.rioguiaoficial.com.br/dicas/detalhe/feijoada-da-tia-surica-no-teatro-rival-0 ''Feijoada da Tia Surica no Teatro Rival'']</ref>. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130927211051/http://www.tiasurica.com.br/ Pagina officialis] {{Ling|Lusitane}} * [http://odia.terra.com.br/carnaval/surica.asp O Dia na Folia] {{Ling|Lusitane}} * {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=mn0000333680}} * {{IMDb name|2055927|Tia Surica}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1940||Surica, Amita}} [[Categoria:Cantores Brasiliae]] [[Categoria:Actores Brasiliae]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] 1qmkqja6uf8hyku3yjx4a4d8lh8tg6q 0 205593 3959144 3780876 2026-05-11T14:49:45Z CommonsDelinker 1422 [[c:COM:CDC|automaton]]: Substituens [[File:Amiri_Baraka_at_the_Malcom_X_Festival,_San_Antonio_Park,_Oakland,_California_2007.jpg]] pro File:Amiri_Baraka.jpg. CommonsDelinker hanc rationem dedit: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: clarify 3959144 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Amiri Baraka at the Malcom X Festival, San Antonio Park, Oakland, California 2007.jpg|thumb|Amiri Baraka (anno [[2007]]).]] '''Amiri Baraka''' (natus [[Novarcum|Novarci]] die [[7 Octobris]] [[1934]]; ibidem mortuus die [[9 Ianuarii]] [[2014]]) fuit [[poeta]] et [[scriptor]] praecipue scaenicus [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanus]]. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} *{{PND|11863996X}} *{{Imdb name|0052893}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20141123181237/http://www.amiribaraka.com/ Amiri Baraka pagina interretialis] {{lit-stipula}} {{scriptor-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1934|2014|Baraka, Amiri}} [[Categoria:Incolae Novae Caesareae]] [[Categoria:Poetae Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Poetae Marxiani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores scaenici Afroamericani]] ssjsa1ao9l85ji7dwakdf7xgx02spxn 0 207413 3959217 3595369 2026-05-12T02:43:37Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Roccafortis (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:RoccaforteMondovi 2010.jpg|thumb|Roccafortis (Provincia Cuneensis)]] '''Roccafortis'''<ref>''DIZIONARIO GEOGRAFICO'' - Di GOFFREDO CASALIS, Voll. V.V., Torino 1833-1854</ref> (alia nomina<ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref>: ''Rocca Fortis, Rocca Fortis Monregalensium'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Roccaforte Mondovì|Roccaforte Mondovì]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Pedemontium|Pedemontio]] et in [[Provincia Cuneensis|Provincia Cuneensi]] situm. Incolae ''Roccafortenses'' appellantur. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Pedemontium]] (''regio''), * [[Provincia Cuneensis]], * [[Cuneum]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.comune.roccafortemondovi.cn.it/ Pagina officialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{CommuniaCat|Roccaforte Mondovì|Roccamfortem}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Maps of the province of Cuneo.gif|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Cuneensi. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Cunei]] [[Categoria:Municipia Italica Linguae Occitanae]] 4779ss9wiz4pt73cgjzh0t4apqandxf 0 211549 3959233 3436708 2026-05-12T08:59:11Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959233 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan.JPG |thumb|Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan: [[ecclesia]]]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 17339.png|thumb|left|250px|Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan: communis tabula]] ''' Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 1'248 incolarum (anno [[2011]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Carantonus Maritimus|Carantoni Maritimi]] in regione occidentali [[Pictaviensis et Carantoni]]s . {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Carantoni Maritimi|Indicem communium praefecturae Carantoni Maritimi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan|Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan}} * {{INSEE commune|17339|de=Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan}} * [http://saint-germain-de-lusignan.a3w.fr/ Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan pagina interretialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Carantoni Maritimi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Carantoni maritimi]] g8i571dyray13ohjqynryt69mqdgea4 0 211727 3959236 3436743 2026-05-12T10:52:00Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959236 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:St_Palais.jpg |thumb|Saint-Palais-sur-Mer: [[forum]] Rhâ in medio vico]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 17380.png|thumb|left|250px|Saint-Palais-sur-Mer: communis tabula]] ''' Saint-Palais-sur-Mer ''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 3'947 incolarum (anno [[2011]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Carantonus Maritimus|Carantoni Maritimi]] in regione occidentali [[Pictaviensis et Carantoni]]s . {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Carantoni Maritimi|Indicem communium praefecturae Carantoni Maritimi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat| Saint-Palais-sur-Mer | Saint-Palais-sur-Mer }} * {{INSEE commune|17380|de=Saint-Palais-sur-Mer}} * [http://www.stpalaissurmer.fr/ Saint-Palais-sur-Mer pagina interretialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Carantoni Maritimi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Carantoni maritimi]] jkd62en4fru5mjhanx644qad9wczdi7 0 211770 3959240 3436772 2026-05-12T11:50:55Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959240 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Eglise_de_Saint-Vaize2.JPG |thumb|Saint-Vaize: [[ecclesia]] [[Ars Romanica|Romanica]]]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 17412.png|thumb|left|250px|Saint-Vaize: communis tabula]] ''' Saint-Vaize ''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 560 incolarum (anno [[2011]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Carantonus Maritimus|Carantoni Maritimi]] in regione occidentali [[Pictaviensis et Carantoni]]s . {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Carantoni Maritimi|Indicem communium praefecturae Carantoni Maritimi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat| Saint-Vaize | Saint-Vaize }} * {{INSEE commune|17412|de=Saint-Vaize}} * [http://commune-saint-vaize.a3w.fr/ Saint-Vaize pagina interretialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Carantoni Maritimi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Carantoni maritimi]] dqcsmoe3h7u0ha3p3cfdx6wda1sblws 0 211780 3959239 3436768 2026-05-12T11:46:29Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959239 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 17401.png|thumb|250px|Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne: communis tabula]] ''' Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne ''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 115 incolarum (anno [[2011]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Carantonus Maritimus|Carantoni Maritimi]] in regione occidentali [[Pictaviensis et Carantoni]]s . {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Carantoni Maritimi|Indicem communium praefecturae Carantoni Maritimi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat| Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne | Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne }} * {{INSEE commune|17401|de=Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne}} * [http://saint-severin-sur-boutonne.a3w.fr/ Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne pagina interretialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Carantoni Maritimi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Carantoni maritimi]] qzotqaim0jaxz83ssn21tlg528zm6fo 0 214874 3959137 3171298 2026-05-11T12:50:35Z LilyKitty 18316 de Praemio Olavi Palme anno 1990 3959137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} [[Fasciculus:H Désir Mutualite 11066.JPG|thumb|Harlem Désir (media imagine) et [[Sara Proust]] (ad dextram partem) anno 2012 picti]] '''Harlem Désir''' (natus [[Noviliacum ad Sequanam|Noviliaci ad Sequanam]] die [[25 Novembris]] [[1959]]), patre e [[Martinica]] migrato, universitatis [[Universitas Parisiensis I|Parisiensis I]] alumnus, est socialista et politicus [[Francia|Francicus]]. Delegatus est ad [[Parlamentum Europaeum]] ab anno [[1999]] ad [[2014]]. A die [[9 Aprilis]] [[2014]] est secretarius civicus, primo ministro [[Emmanuel Valls|Manuele Valls]], pro rebus Europaeis. Fuit secretarius principalis [[Factio Socialistica (Francia)|Factionis Socialisticae Francicae]] annis [[2012]]-[[2014]], successore [[Ioannes Christophorus Cambadélis|Ioanne Christophoro Cambadélis]]. Et anno [[1990]], [[Praemium Olavi Palme]] accepit. == Bibliographia == * Bastien Bonnefous, "[http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2012/09/08/les-passes-judiciaires-de-mm-cambadelis-et-desir-suscitent-une-gene-au-ps_1757428_823448.html Les passés judiciaires de MM.Cambadélis et Désir suscitent une gêne au PS]" in ''[[Le Monde]]'' (8 Sept. 2012) == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Harlem Désir}} {{Secretarii principales Factionis Socialisticae Francicae}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Desir, Harlem}} [[Categoria:Nati 1959]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Alumni universitatum et scholarum Parisiensium]] [[Categoria:Legati Parlamenti Europaei]] [[Categoria:Politici Franciae]] [[Categoria:Socialistae Franciae]] n8wmf8aowvtn5wsfpbdqfj0epcbytn7 0 223947 3959177 3734928 2026-05-11T16:56:36Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Benzenium}} [[Fasciculus:Benz1.png|thumb|Hic anulus chemicus benzenum est. [[Atomus|Atomi]] [[carbonium|carbonii]] hospituntur in verticibus et [[anulus|anulum]] formant.]] [[Fasciculus:Historic Benzene Formulae Kekulé (original).png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Historica benzeni formula sicut primum proposita ab Kekulé.<ref name="August Kekulé">{{cite journal|author=Kekulé, August |title=Ueber einige Condensationsproducte des Aldehyds|journal=Liebigs Ann. Chem. |year=1872|volume=162|issue=1|pages= 77–124|doi=10.1002/jlac.18721620110}}.</ref>]] '''Benzenum''' est [[compositum chemicum]] cuius formula est C₆H₆ et [[molecula]] est composita ex sex [[carbonium|carbonii]] [[atomus|atomis]] in [[anulus|anulum]] cohibitis cum singulis atomis [[hydrogenium|hydrogenii]] coniunctis ad unamquamque carbonii atomum. Quia haec molecula solum atomos carbonii hydrogeniique continet, benzenum numeratur [[hydrocarboneum]]. Benzenum est naturale [[petroleum|olei crudi]] elementum et aromaticum hydrocarboneum. Est etiam structura fundamentalis plurium derivationum cum diversis coetibus lateralibus, h.e. singula vel plura [[methylum|methyla]] ([[toluenum]], [[xylenum]]), hydroxyla (phenola), vel [[aminum|aminis]] (anilinis). == Notae == <references/> {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Mutagena]] {{Myrias|Physica}} f3wyb78h87jcgdj922bpfa6u9iopyez 3959182 3959177 2026-05-11T17:01:03Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Benzenium}} [[Fasciculus:Benz1.png|thumb|Hic anulus chemicus benzenum est. [[Atomus|Atomi]] [[carbonium|carbonii]] hospituntur in verticibus et [[anulus|anulum]] formant.]] [[Fasciculus:Historic Benzene Formulae Kekulé (original).png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Historica benzeni formula sicut primum proposita ab Kekulé.<ref name="August Kekulé">{{cite journal|author=Kekulé, August |title=Ueber einige Condensationsproducte des Aldehyds|journal=Liebigs Ann. Chem. |year=1872|volume=162|issue=1|pages= 77–124|doi=10.1002/jlac.18721620110}}.</ref>]] '''Benzenum''' est [[compositum chemicum]] cuius formula est C₆H₆ et [[molecula]] est composita ex sex [[carbonium|carbonii]] [[atomus|atomis]] in [[anulus|anulum]] cohibitis cum singulis atomis [[hydrogenium|hydrogenii]] coniunctis ad unamquamque carbonii atomum. Quia haec molecula solum atomos carbonii hydrogeniique continet, benzenum numeratur [[hydrocarboneum]]. Benzenum est naturale [[petroleum|olei crudi]] elementum et aromaticum [[hydrocarboneum]]. Est etiam structura fundamentalis plurium derivationum cum diversis coetibus lateralibus, h.e. singula vel plura [[methylum|methyla]] ([[toluenum]], [[xylenum]]), hydroxyla (phenola), vel [[aminum|aminis]] (anilinis). == Notae == <references/> {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Mutagena]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 678y70oqumq5g1itrnw254g05nnwyiv 3959193 3959182 2026-05-11T19:58:13Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Benzenium}} [[Fasciculus:Benz1.png|thumb|Hic anulus chemicus benzenum est. [[Atomus|Atomi]] [[carbonium|carbonii]] hospituntur in verticibus et [[anulus|anulum]] formant.]] [[Fasciculus:Historic Benzene Formulae Kekulé (original).png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Historica benzeni formula sicut primum proposita ab Kekulé.<ref name="August Kekulé">{{cite journal|author=Kekulé, August |title=Ueber einige Condensationsproducte des Aldehyds|journal=Liebigs Ann. Chem. |year=1872|volume=162|issue=1|pages= 77–124|doi=10.1002/jlac.18721620110}}.</ref>]] '''Benzenum''' est [[compositum chemicum]] cuius formula est C₆H₆ et [[molecula]] est composita ex sex [[carbonium|carbonii]] [[atomus|atomis]] in [[anulus|anulum]] cohibitis cum singulis atomis [[hydrogenium|hydrogenii]] coniunctis ad unumquemque carbonii atomum. Quia haec molecula solum atomos carbonii hydrogeniique continet, benzenum numeratur inter [[hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]]. Benzenum est naturale [[petroleum|olei crudi]] elementum et aromaticum [[hydrocarboneum]]. Est etiam structura fundamentalis plurium derivationum cum diversis coetibus lateralibus, h.e. singula vel plura [[methylum|methyla]] ([[toluenum]], [[xylenum]]), hydroxyla (phenola), vel [[aminum|aminis]] (anilinis). == Notae == <references/> {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Mutagena]] {{Myrias|Physica}} ad862gp22cvlwcc0tjr289vktng5g9u 0 235093 3959234 3445624 2026-05-12T10:02:23Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959234 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Halle_Saint-Lys.jpg|thumb|250 px|Saint-Lys: [[mercatus]]]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 31499.png|250 px|left|thumb|Saint-Lys: communis tabula]] '''Saint-Lys''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 8'755 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Garunna Superior|Garunnae Superioris]] in regione australi [[Meridianum et Pyrenaei|Meridiano et Pyrenaeis]] (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Occitania Ruscino Meridianum et Pyrenaei|Occitania Ruscinone Meridiano et Pyrenaeis]]). {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Garunnae Superioris|Indicem communium praefecturae Garunnae Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Lys|Saint-Lys}} * {{INSEE commune|31499|de=Saint-Lys}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=33065 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110123124922/http://www.ville-saint-lys.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Garumnae superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Garumnae superioris]] 527w6a3gqiwp38pgjco8p5f4igkqc4s 0 235743 3959157 3446075 2026-05-11T15:33:39Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959157 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Eglise_Notre-Dame_de_Pugnac_%28face%29.JPG |thumb|250 px|Pugnac: [[ecclesia]] [[Virgo Maria|Nostrae Dominae]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 33341.png|thumb|left|250px|Pugnac: communis tabula]] ''' Pugnac''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 2'172 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) praefecturae [[Girundia (praefectura Franciae)|Girundiae]] in regione occidentali [[Aquitania]] (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Aquitania Lemovicensis Pictaviensis et Carantoni|Aquitania Lemovicensi Pictaviensi et Carantonis]]). {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Girundiae|Indicem communium praefecturae Girundiae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pugnac |Pugnac}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130521082505/http://pugnac.a3w.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|33341|de=Pugnac}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=28199 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Girumnae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Girumnae]] 7d41k715kewdh982kshv527w3vjkei6 0 239173 3959237 3449829 2026-05-12T11:18:04Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959237 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ance_du_Sud.jpg|thumb|250 px|Saint-Préjet-d'Allier: [[flumen]] ''Ance'']] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 43220.png|thumb|left|250px|Saint-Préjet-d'Allier: communis tabula]] '''Saint-Préjet-d'Allier''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 164 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Liger Superior|Ligeris Superioris]] in provincia [[Arvernia]] (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Arvernia Rhodanus et Alpes|Arvernia Rhodano et Alpibus]]). {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Ligeris Superioris|Indicem communium praefecturae Ligeris Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Préjet-d'Allier|Saint-Préjet-d'Allier}} * {{INSEE commune|43220|de=Saint-Préjet-d'Allier}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=34279 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr] * [http://www.saintprejetdallier.com/ Huius communis pagina interretialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Ligeris Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Ligeris superioris]] 1mm4msh2emizlcxzihlmg15qiox7fyv 0 240887 3959186 3511070 2026-05-11T18:38:21Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959186 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- [[Fasciculus:هلال رمضان.jpg|thumb|250px]] = "Statue of the Crescent in one of the squares." Quomodo Ramadan aptum est hoc photographema?--> '''Ramadanus'''<ref>Antonius Fridericus Büsching, Magazin für die neue Historie und Geographie, tomus 17, Salinis Saxonicis, anno 1783 {{Google Books|0-tXAAAAcAAJ|pag. 59}}.</ref> sive '''Ramadan'''<ref>'''Romodan''': [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9922/view/1/47/ Robertus Ketenensis]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; '''Rhomadan''': [https://books.google.com/books?id=ye40VChDL6gC&pg=RA1-PA67 Ludovicus Marraci]. Aliter '''Ramazan''', '''Ramadhan''', etc.</ref> sive '''Romadanus'''<ref>Vide genitivum ''Romadani'' in: Josephus Simonius Assemanus, Bibliotheca orientalis Clementino-Vaticana {{Google Books|UxqWf4kSzVQC|pag. 620}}.</ref> ([[Arabice]] رمضان‎, ''Ramaḍān'') est nonus mensis [[calendarium Islamicum|calendarii Islamici]], a [[Religio Islamica|Musulmanis]] [[ieiunium|ieiunio]] observatus, ut primam revelationem [[Alcoranus|Alcorani]] [[Mahometus|Mahometo]] factam celebrent. Unus habetur ex quinque [[Columina religionis Islamicae|religionis Islamicae columinibus]]. Mensis 29 aut 30 dies durat secundum conspectum lunae crescentis, sicut in pluribus [[hadit]]his praescribitur. Mense Ramadano Muslimi ab orto usque ad occidentem solem [[cibus|cibo]], [[potio]]ne, [[tabacum|tabaco]], [[coitus|coituque]] abstinent. Ramadanus solus est mensis qui in Alcorano commemoratur: <blockquote>Mensis Ramaḍān, in quo Qurʾān [caelo] demissus est ductui hominibus et claris indiciis ductús et discrimini [inter verum et falsum]. Itaque quisque inter vobis mensem testificatur, in eo ieiunet, et quisque est infirmus aut in itinere, tum numerum [aequum] dierum aliorum [ieiunet]. Deus enim vobis facilitatem et non aerumnam vult, sed ut numerum compleatis et Deum magnificetis qui vos duxit, et ut gratias agatis.<ref>[http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=2&verse=185 ''Alcoranus'' 2.185]. Hi versi a Vicipaediano conversi sunt.</ref></blockquote> == Notae == <references /> == Nexus internus == * [[ʻĪd al-Fiṭr]] {{Menses Islamici}} [[Categoria:Feriae]] [[Categoria:Calendarium Islamicum]] [[Categoria:Menses]] {{Myrias|Societas}} i9tb1bhc8sl8i13r4rd5zf11740am17 0 242937 3959238 3457294 2026-05-12T11:36:48Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959238 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Saint-Savournin.jpg |thumb|250 px|Saint-Savournin: despectus in vicum]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 13101.png|250 px|left|thumb|Saint-Savournin: communis tabula]] '''Saint-Savournin''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 3'240 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Ostia Rhodani|Ostiorum Rhodani]] in regione [[Provincia, Alpes, Litus Lazuli|Provincia, Alpibus et Litore Lazuli]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Ostiorum Rhodani|Indicem communium praefecturae Ostiorum Rhodani]] == Nexus externi == {{communiaCat|Saint-Savournin|Saint-Savournin}} * [http://www.saint-savournin.com/ Huius communis pagina interretialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{INSEE commune|13101|de=Saint-Savournin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=34603 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Ostiorum Rhodani]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Ostiorum Rhodani]] mhvb30z7f5z2cz43nin1nwizho8cvls 0 243223 3959231 3870330 2026-05-12T08:37:14Z Culex 52119 corr. incolarum 3959231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus: Angous_egrom2.JPG |thumb|250 px|Angustrina et Villa Nova Aquarum Calidarum: [[ecclesia]] [[Ars Romanica|Romanica]] [[Sanctus Andreas|Sancto Andreae]] dicata]] '''Angustrina et Villa Nova Aquarum Calidarum'''{{convertimus}}<ref>'''Angustrina''': Ioannes de Gazanyola, [https://books.google.ru/books?hl=ru&id=X_NAAAAAcAAJ&q=angustrina+Angoustrine#v=snippet&q=angustrina%20Angoustrine&f=false ''Histoire du Roussillon, Publiée ... par Guiraud de Saint-Marsal'', Perpiniani 1852, p. 480]; '''Villa Nova''': [https://books.google.ru/books?hl=ru&id=rEY7AQAAMAAJ&q=Villa+Nova+Villeneuve#v=snippet&q=Villa%20Nova%20Villeneuve&f=false ''Registrum Palatinum Dunelmense'', vol. III, Londinii 1875, p. 682]; '''Aquae Calidae''': Andreas Marez, [https://books.google.ru/books?hl=ru&id=EWMfAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Escaldes+Aquae+Calidae ''Visages du Roussillon'', 1952, p. 48].</ref> ([[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]]: ''Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes''; [[Catalane]] ''Angostrina i Vilanova de les Escaldes'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 542 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Pyrenaei orientales]]. ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Pyrenaei Orientalis]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes|Angustrinam et Villam Novam Aquarum Calidarum}} * {{INSEE commune|66005|de=Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=867 De hoc communi apud cassini.ehess.fr] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210304205540/https://www.angoustrine.net/ Huius communis pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Pyrenaeorum orientalium]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Pyrenaeorum orientalium]] c8fozfls4a47t5x4hhadt6ys03qgm4x 0 257618 3959216 3865004 2026-05-12T02:21:58Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959216 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Robert pinsky 20050515.jpg|thumb|Robertus Pinsky anno [[2005]].]] [[Fasciculus:Stern & Pinsky.jpg|thumb|Pinsky (dextra) cum [[Geraldus Stern|Geraldo Stern]] in [[Miami Book Fair International]], [[ 2011]].]] '''Robertus Pinsky''' (natus [[Long Branch]] [[Nova Caesarea|Novae Caesareae]] die [[20 Octobris]] [[1940]]) est [[poeta]], [[scriptor commentariorum]]<!--essayist-->, [[iudicium litterarium|iudex litterarius]], et [[interpres]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanus]]. Ab anno [[1997]] ad [[2000]], [[Poeta Laureatus Civitatum Foederatarum]] in [[Bibliotheca Congressionalis|Bibliotheca Conrgessionali]] meruit. Undeviginti [[liber|libros]] composuit, quorum octo fere sunt corpora eius [[poema]]tum. Eius opera divulgata etiam libros conversos iudicibus litterariis gratissimos comprehendunt, inter quos ''Inferni'' [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantis Alagherii]] et ''Libelli Separati'' [[Czeslavus Milosz|Czeslavi Miłosz]]. In [[Universitas Bostoniensis|Universitate Bostoniensi]] docet. ==Opera== ===Poesis=== *[[1975]]. ''Sadness and happiness.'' Princeton University Press. *[[1981]]. ''An Explanation of America.'' Princeton University Press *[[1984]]. ''History of My Heart.'' Farrar, Straus and Giroux *[[1990]]. ''The Want Bone.'' Farrar, Straus and Giroux *[[1996]]. ''The Figured Wheel: New and Collected Poems 1966–1996.'' Farrar, Straus and Giroux *[[2000]]. ''Jersey Rain.'' Farrar, Straus and Giroux *[[2007]]. ''Gulf Music: Poems.'' Farrar, Straus and Giroux *[[2011]]. ''Selected Poems.'' Farrar, Straus and Giroux ===Oratio soluta=== *''Landor's Poetry'' (1968), University of Chicago Press *''The Situation of Poetry'' (1977), Princeton University Press *''Poetry and the World'' (1988), Ecco Press *''The Sounds of Poetry'' (1998), Farrar, Straus and Giroux *''Democracy, Culture, and the Voice of Poetry'' (2002), Princeton University Press *''The Life of David'' (2006), Schocken Books *''Thousands of Broadways: Dreams and Nightmares of the American Small Town'' (2009), University of Chicago Press] ===Libellus=== *''Death and the Powers'', [[opera]] Tod Machover (2010) ===Fictio interactiva=== *''Mindwheel'' (1984)<ref>{{cite web|title=Mindwheel|url=https://www.mobygames.com/game/mindwheel|website=MobyGames}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Underdogs|title=Mindwheel |url=http://www.homeoftheunderdogs.net/game.php?id=1503|website=Home of the Underdogs}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Mindware: An Electronic Novel|author1=Pinsky, Robert|date=1984| publisher= Synapse and Broderbund|edition= First |asin=B00146ENOS|url=http://www.amazon.com/MINDWHEEL-Robert-William-Mataga-programmers/dp/B00146ENOS/ref=sr_1_cc_1?s=aps&ie=UTF8&qid=1421546469&sr=1-1-catcorr&keywords=mindwheel| author2= Hales, Steve (Programmer)|author3=Mataga, William (Programmer) |author4=Blair, Richard |author5=Foster, Kazuko = (Illustrator) }}</ref> ===Interpres=== *''The Separate Notebooks by Czesław Miłosz,'' cum Renata Gorczynski et Robert Hass (1984) *''The Inferno of Dante: A New Verse Translation'' (1995) ===Editor=== *[http://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Heartbreak-Poems-Lost-Sorrow/dp/068816286X ''Handbook of Heartbreak''] (1998) *[http://www.amazon.com/Americans-Favorite-Poems-Poem-Project/dp/0393048209 ''Americans' Favorite Poems: The Favorite Poem Project Anthology,''] cum Maggie Dietz (1999) *[http://www.amazon.com/Poems-Read-Favorite-Project-Anthology/dp/0393010740/ ''Poems to Read: A New Favorite Poem Project Anthology''] (2002) *[http://www.amazon.com/Invitation-Poetry-Favorite-Project-Anthology/dp/039305876X ''An Invitation to Poetry: A New Favorite Poem Project Anthology''] (2004) *[http://www.amazon.com/Essential-Pleasures-Anthology-Poems-Aloud/dp/0393066088/ ''Essential Pleasures: A New Anthology of Poems to Read Aloud''] (2009) *[http://www.amazon.com/Singing-School-Learning-Studying-Masters/dp/0393348970/ ''Singing School: Learning to Write (and Read) Poetry by Studying with the Masters''] (2014) ===Disci compacti=== *[[2012]]. ''PoemJazz.'' Circumstantial Productions. ===Libri et materia impressa=== *[[1997]]. The Art of Poetry LXXVI: Robert Pinsky. ''The Paris Review'' 144:180–213. Colloquium interrogatorium. ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Nexus externi== {{Wikiquote}} *Pinsky, Robert. [[2010]]. [http://www.kwls.org/podcasts/robert_pinsky_modernism_and_me/ "Modernism and Memory."] Lectio, Key West Literary Seminar. *[http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/pinsky Fontes interretiales Bibliothecae Congressionalis.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160514200757/http://www.architects.org/architectureboston/articles/deepening-room In a deepening room.] ''ArchitectureBoston'' 18(2), Summer 2014. *[http://www.robertpinskypoet.com Situs proprius.] *[http://www.favoritepoem.org The Favorite Poem Project (cum pelliculis videographicis).)] ===Colloquia=== *[http://www.favoritepoem.org/ The Favorite Poem Project.] *[http://www.youtube.com/concordacademyma Oratio admissionis ad gradum academicum in Academia Concordiensi, 2012] *[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/11/pen-center-usa-dave-eggers-robert-pinsky.html ''LA Times'' de praemio rerum gestarum per vitam, PEN Center.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130222092443/http://arts.gov/about/NEARTS/2011_v3/webf/wamfest/index.php "Bruce Springsteen reads 'Samurai Song' at Wamfest."] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122834/http://video.pbs.org/video/1940473691/ Colloquium.] PBS NewsHour, 20 Maii 2011.<!--ADDE, LECTOR, SODES: * [http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/05/poet_robert_pinsky_rocker_bruc.html ''Newark Star-Ledger'' Springsteen/Pinsky story] * [http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/85568/april-19-2007/meta-free-phor-all--shall-i-nail-thee-to-a-summer-s-day-/ Video, Colbert Report, Pinsky with Sean Penn and Colbert] * [http://www.tabletmag.com/arts-and-culture/books/69903/expansive/ David Kaufman Review in ''Tablet''] * [http://thoughtcast.org/casts/poet-robert-pinsky-takes-on-king-david Poet Robert Pinsky Takes on King David] in a public radio interview on [[Thoughtcast|ThoughtCast!]] * [http://www.portlandmonthly.com/portmag/2010/12/found-in-translation/ Robert Pinsky's interview about his time and inspirations in Maine] * [http://www.cortlandreview.com/pinsky.htm Cortland Review Interview with Robert Pinsky] *{{cite interview |subject-link=Robert Pinsky |interviewer=Ben Downing, Daniel Kunitz |title=Robert Pinsky, The Art of Poetry No. 76 |url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1218/the-art-of-poetry-no-76-robert-pinsky |date=Fall 1997 |periodical=The Paris Review |issue=144}} *{{cite interview |subject-link=Robert Pinsky |interviewer=Michael Silverblatt |title=The Life of David |url=http://www.kcrw.com/news-culture/shows/bookworm/robert-pinsky/ |call-sign='KCRW' |date=December 2005 |program='Bookworm'}}--> ===Lectiones poesis=== *[http://Youtube.com/YS-TBEQm1nM "Pinsky reads 'Shirt' aloud."]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/21472 Robertus Pinsky poema "Street Music" legit.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20071215084525/http://www.guernicamag.com/interviews/430/thrilling_difficulty/ Colloquium,] ''Guernica Magazine.'' *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090917100751/http://www.bordersmedia.com/odp/pinsky.asp "Watch Robert Pinsky read 'Book' at Open-Door Poetry."] *[http://www.ibiblio.org/ipa/pinsky.php/ "Robert Pinsky reads a selection of his poetry."] IPA. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121014010505/http://poemsoutloud.net/poets/poet/robert_pinsky/ Lectiones poematum.]<!-- ADDE, LECTOR, SODES: ===Aliae res=== * [http://poemsoutloud.net/poets/poet/robert_pinsky/ Essential Pleasures: Robert Pinsky's column on ''Poems Out Loud''] (April 2009) * [http://www.bu.edu/phpbin/news/releases/display.php?id=388 Boston University Press Release] * [http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/m_r/pinsky/pinsky.htm Modern American Poetry on Robert Pinsky] * [http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/200 The Academy of American Poets on Robert Pinsky]--> {{DEFAULTSORT:Pinsky, Robertus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1940]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Alumni Collegii et Universitatis Rutgersensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Stanfordiensis]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Editores]] [[Categoria:Incolae Novae Caesareae]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Italiano-Anglici]] [[Categoria:Interpretes textuum Polonicorum]]<!--melius: Interpretes Polonico-Anglici--> [[Categoria:Iudaei]] [[Categoria:Iudicium litterarium]] [[Categoria:Poetae Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Bostoniensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Dukianae]] [[Categoria:Socii Guggenheimiani]]<!-- [[Category:American male poets]] [[Category:American Poets Laureate]] [[Category:Slate (magazine) people]] [[Category:The New Yorker people]]--> q1ufmxxstvj66x6yhvv9kurhnls2hih 0 260851 3959170 3725225 2026-05-11T16:22:55Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Pancota jud Arad.png|thumb|left|Situs Pâncotae in circulo Aradino]] '''Pâncota''' (Hungarice: ''Pankota'', Germanice ''Pankota'') oppidum [[Romania|Dacoromanicum]] in circulo [[Aradinum (circulus)|Aradino]] est. Ad oppidum etiam vicus Măderat pertinet. == Historia == Oppidum Pâncota anno [[1202]]/[[1203|03]] nomine "Villa Pankotha" primo in actis descriptum est, tum ad [[Regnum Hungaricum]] pertinuit. Anno [[1216]] hic [[Ordo Sancti Benedicti|Benedictini]] abbatiam condiderunt<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090225173031/http://www.pancota.home.ro/istorie.htm Historia oppidi apud pancota.home.ro]</ref>. Anno [[1241]], cum [[Mongolia|Mongoli]] Europam aggrederentur, castellum exstructum est. Anno [[1475]] Pâncota oppidum sublatum est. Post [[Pugna Mohacsensis (1526)|Pugnam Mohacsensem]] anno [[1526]] pugnatum pars [[Transsilvania]]e principatus fiebat, qui a [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Imperio Ottomanico]] dependit. Ab anno [[1699]] Pâncota iterum pars Hunariae fuit. Annis [[1756]] et [[1784]] seditiones agricolarum regionem afflixerunt. Ab anno [[1776]] coloni [[Germania|Germanici]] hic sedes novas habebant. Anno [[1918]] Pâncota cum tota regione pars Romaniae factum est. Post [[Secundum bellum mundanum]] multi Germanici coacti vel sua sponte patriam reliquerunt et in Germaniam emigraverunt<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100207094456/http://www.hog-pankota-online.de/html/die_geschichte.html Pagina pristinorum incolarum Germanicorum Pâncotae]</ref>. == Incolae == Anno [[2011]] hic 7.398 homines vixerunt, inter eos 5.154 Dacoromani, 454 Hungarici, 729 [[Zingari]] atque 144 Germani vixerunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160118131243/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls Institutum Nationale Statistica Romaniae anno 2011]</ref>. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [http://primariapancota.ro/ Pagina officialis oppidi Pâncota (Dacoromanice)] * [http://www.hog-pankota-online.de Pagina pristinorum incolarum Germanicorum Pâncotae]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305000757/http://www.pancota.home.ro/ www.pancota.home.ro] == Notae == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Pancota}} [[Categoria:Urbes Romaniae]] 1sd9vx93qcfgy33p3j6vg3eo7ov85se 0 261920 3959220 3630627 2026-05-12T04:13:59Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959220 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Rosy Cross.svg|thumb|upright=0.6|Rosea crux.]] [[Fasciculus:Rose Cross Lamen.svg|thumb|upright=1|Lamina Roseae Crucis a peritis Rosae Rubrae et Aureae Crucis ordinis interioris [[Ordo Hermeticus Aurorae Aureae|Ordinis Hermetici Aurorae Aureae]] gesta.]] '''Rosea Crux''' est [[symbolum]] plerumque [[Christianus Rosenkreuz|Christiano Rosenkreuz]], [[Kabala|Kabalistae]] et [[alchemia|alchemistae]] semimythico et [[Rosicrucianismus|Ordinis Rosicrucianae]] conditori tributum.<ref>[[Theodisce]]: 'Die Bruderschaft des Ordens der Rosenkreuzer', ''[[Fama Fraternitatis]]'' (1614 [legebatur autem circa 1610]; 'Bruderschaft Rosenkreuz', ''[[Confessio Fraternitatis]]'' (1615).</ref><ref>[[Maximus Heindel]], [http://rosicrucianzine.tripod.com/christian_rosenkreuz.htm ''Christian Rosenkreuz and the Order of Rosicrucians'']{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (1909) [1908–1919].</ref> Quae dicitur esse [[crux]], media parte [[rosa]] [[albus|alba]] posita<ref>[[Albertus Pike]] (1872), ''Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, [http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/morals_and_dogma/knight_kadosh.htm XXX: Knight Kadosh]''. p. 822.<br>"Commentaries and studies have been multiplied upon the ''Divine Comedy,'' the work of <small>DANTE,</small> and yet no one, so far as we know, has pointed out its especial character. . . . His Hell is but a negative Purgatory. His Heaven is composed of a series of Kabalistic circles, divided by a cross, like the Pantacle of Ezekiel. In the centre of this cross blooms a rose, and we see the symbol of the Adepts of the Rose-Croix for the first time publicly expounded and almost categorically explained." Vide [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantis Alagherii]] [[wikisource:en:The Divine Comedy/Paradiso/Canto XXXI|Paradiso, Canto XXXI]] (circa 1308–1321): "In fashion then as of a snow-white rose / Displayed itself to me the saintly host, / Whom Christ in his own blood had made his bride,"</ref> et doctrinam [[traditio]]nis intra [[dogma]]ta [[Christianitas|Christiana]] formatam repraesentat: <blockquote>Quid opinamini, homines [[amor|amantes]], et quomodo affici videmini, quia nunc intellegitis et cognitum habetis, nos agnoscere [[Christus|Christum]] vere et sincere profiteri, [[papa]]m damnare, nos ad [[philosophia]]m veram addicere, [[vita]]m Christianam agere, multosque alios in nostrum fraternitatem quotidie invocare, precari, invitare, quibus eadem [[lux]] [[Deus|Dei]] similiter apparet?{{Convertimus}}<ref>''[[Confessio Fraternitatis]]'', secundum [[Manifesta Rosicruciana|Manifestum Rosicrucianum]] anno [[1615]] impressum.</ref></blockquote> Huic notioni apud varios fontes sunt variae [[significatio (linguistica)|significationes]]. Nonnulli greges, sicut [[Antiquus Mysticusque Ordo Rosae Crucis]], ex conspectu non sectariano vel non religioso, subiciunt crucem roseam antecedere [[Christianitas|Christianitatem]], ubi "crux [[corpus]] humanum, et rosa [[conscientia]]m hominis quae explicatur repraesentat."<ref>[[Anglice]]: "the cross represents the human body and the rose represents the individual's unfolding consciousness" (AMORC, [http://www.rosicrucian.org/about/mastery/mastery08history.html ''Our Traditional and Chronological History.''])</ref> [[Sodalitas Rosicruciana]] et coniuncti rosicrucianistarum greges, [[cosmotheoria]]m [[Christianitas Esoterica|Christianitatis Esotericae]] promulgantes, habent Fraternitatem Rosicrucianum [[saeculum 14|saeculo quarto decimo]] ineunte, aut inter [[saeculum|saecula]] [[saeculum 13|tredecimum]] et quartum decimum condidisse,<ref>[[Rudolphus Steiner]] ([[anthroposophia]]e conditor), [http://books.google.pt/books?id=MLjh70BLqLUC ''Christian Rosenkreutz—The Mystery, Teaching and Mission of a Master.'']</ref> ut [[Collegium Invisibile]] sapientium mysticorum, a quadam [[entitas|entitate]] evolutissima cui [[nomen proprium]] per symbola intellectum erat ''[[Christianus Rosenkreuz]]'' ut "novum pararet [[religio]]nis Christianae statum adhiberi per [[Aetas Aquarii|aetatem venturam]] quae nunc adest, nam ut mundus homoque evolvuntur, tam etiam mutanda est religio."<ref>[[Anglice]] "prepare a new phase of the Christian religion to be used during the coming age now at hand, for as the world and man evolve so also must religion change" ([http://www.rosicrucian.com/zineen/pamen010.htm "The Rosicrucian Interpretation of Christianity,"] The Rosicrucian Fellowship).</ref> {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Antiquus Mysticusque Ordo Roseae Crucis]] * [[Franciscus Bacon]] * [[Fraternitas Rosaceae Crucis]] * [[Lapis philosophorum]] * [[Latomismus]] * [[Ordo Hermeticus Aurorae Aureae]] * [[Ordo Templi Orientis]] * [[Paracelsus]] * [[Sodalitas Rosicruciana]] * [[Thelema]] {{div col end}} == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Cruces]] [[Categoria:Magica]] [[Categoria:Thelema]] [[Categoria:Rosicrucianismus]] rgs69n435wzjs6niomsycma9ccspzwd 0 272768 3959140 3948147 2026-05-11T12:59:49Z LilyKitty 18316 de officio praesidis Unionis Africanae anno 2020 3959140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Cyrillus Ramaphosa''' (die [[17 Novembris]] [[1952]] natus in oppido [[Soweto]]) est mercator et [[politicus]] [[Africa Australis|Africae Australis]]. Alumnus est [[universitas Limpopoënsis|universitatis Borealis]] apud [[Turfloop]], unde remotus et incarceratus studia longinqua iuxta [[universitas Africae Australis|universitatem Africae Australis]] persecutus est. Anno [[1987]], [[Praemium Olavi Palme]] laudatus est. Secretarius generalis [[congressus Nationalis Africanus|congressus nationalis Africani]] fuit ab anni [[1991]] usque in [[1997]]. Quo anno, officio praesidis patriae frustra petito, munera politica renuntiavit. Nihilominus praeses vicarius congressús die [[18 Decembris]] [[2012]] electus est. [[Iacobus Zuma]], qui praeses patriae eis annis merebat, Ramaphosa praeses vicarius patriae die [[25 Maii]] [[2014]] factus est. Zuma autem suasu congressús praesidatum die [[14 Ianuarii]] [[2018]] renuntiante, Ramaphosa die insequenti praeses electus est. Et anno 2020, praeces [[Unio Africana|Unionis Africanae]] electus fuit. == Bibliographia == * Jason Burke, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/14/who-is-cyril-ramaphosa-south-africa-president Who is Cyril Ramaphosa? South Africa's next leader faces huge challenges]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (14 Februarii 2018) == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * {{CIDOB|https://www.cidob.org/en/biografias_lideres_politicos_only_in_spanish/africa/sudafrica/cyril_ramaphosa|Cyril Ramaphosa}} {{Praesides Africae Australis}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ramaphosa, Cyrillus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1952]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Politici Africae Australis]] [[Categoria:Mercatores]] [[Categoria:Repugnatores]] [[Categoria:Duces civitatum]] [[Categoria:Alumni longinqui Universitatis Africae Australis]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Limpopoënsis]] 3f50catnxw1hokffp41za23g95hhi6i 0 275690 3959225 3883650 2026-05-12T06:36:47Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959225 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Sadi in a Rose garden.jpg|thumb|Saadi in [[rosa|roseto]]. Ex [[manuscriptum|manuscripto]] Mughal operis ''Gulistan'' (circa 1645).]] '''Abū-Muhammad Muslih al-Dīn bin Abdallāh Shīrāzī'''<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=el83fRv4GakC&pg=PA75&dq=magic+carpet+one+thousand+and+one+night&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8S9XT_HCMsXK0QWLpcHLDQ&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBQ#v=snippet&q=Saadi%20Shirazi&f=false|title=Kathryn Hinds, ''The City.'' Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2012-08-13}}.</ref> ([[Persice]] ابومحمد مصلح‌الدین بن عبدالله شیرازی), [[nomen litterarium|nomine litterario]]<!--pen-name--> '''Saadi''' (et '''Saadi Sirasiensis'''<ref>'''Schirasiensis''', — {{Creanda|fi|Gabriel Geitlin|Gabriel Geitlin|Gabrielis Geitlin}} [https://books.google.ru/books?id=5H0UAAAAQAAJ ''Specimen academicum "Pendnâmeh" sive librum consiliorum Scheich Musliheddin Saadi Schirasiensis...'', Helsingforsiae 1835]; '''Shirazensis''', — [https://books.google.ru/books?id=9C9Z56i5jDoC&q=saadi+shirazensis#v=snippet&q=saadi%20shirazensis&f=false ''Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliae et Hiberniae...'', vol. I, 1697].</ref>, [[Persice]] سعدی شیرازی ''Saadi Shirazi'') notissimus, fuit [[poeta]] et [[auctor]] [[Persia|Persicus]]<ref>[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sadi-sirazi/''Encyclopedia Iranica'']: "SAʿDI, Abu Moḥammad Mošarref-al-Din Moṣleḥ b. ʿAbd-Allāh b. Mošarref Širāzi, Persian poet and prose writer (b. Shiraz, ca. 1210; d. Shiraz, d. 1291 or 1292), widely recognized as one of the greatest masters of the classical literary tradition."</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sadi/''Encylopaedia Britannica'']: "Saʿdī, also spelled Saadi, byname of Musharrif al-Dīn ibn Muṣlih al-Dīn, (born c. 1213, Shīrāz, Iran—died Dec. 9, 1291, Shīrāz), Persian poet, one of the greatest figures in classical Persian literature."</ref> [[aevum medium|aevi medii]]. Natus [[Sirasium|Sirasio]] in [[urbs|urbe]] [[Irania|Persica]] circa annum [[1208]]; ibidem mortuus est anno [[1291]] aut [[1292]]. [[Fasciculus:Sadi1.jpg|thumb|Prima pagina ''[[Bostan (liber)|Bustan]],'' e [[manuscriptum|manuscripto]] [[Imperium Mogolicum|Mogolicum]].]] [[Virtus|Virtute]] eius [[scriptura]]rum et profunditate eius [[cogitatio|cogitatorum]] [[theoria socialis|socialium]] [[philosophia moralis|moraliumque]] innotuit. Late habetur unus e maximis classicae [[traditio]]nis [[litterae|litterariae]] poetis; ergo eius [[epitheton]] inter eruditos [[lingua Persica|linguae Persicae]]: "Dominus [[oratio]]nis" (Persice استاد سخن), breviter "Dominus." ==Opera== ''[[Bustanum]]'' (''Hortus fructuum'') est poema Saadi principale, praecepta [[Sufismus|sufica]] docens. ''[[Gulistanum]]''<ref>[https://books.google.ru/books?id=13YIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA30&dq=gulistanum&hl=fr&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwighvuY87SAAxVxExAIHQE7AjsQ6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Codices Orientales Bibliothecae regiae Hafniensis'', pars I, 1846, p. 130]; [https://books.google.ru/books?id=avvwF-ppPo0C&pg=PA116&dq=gulistanum&hl=fr&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwighvuY87SAAxVxExAIHQE7AjsQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=gulistanum&f=false ''Journal d'Antoine Galland...'', vol. I, Lutetiae 1881, p. 116].</ref> (''Hortus florum, Terra florum'', vel ''Rosarium'', ut [[Georgius Gentius]] vertit), partim versibus, partim [[oratio soluta|oratione soluta]] anno 1258 compositus, proverbia multa et narrationes continet. Praeter ea opera lyrica permulta reliquit. [[Fasciculus:The Rose Garden - WDL.tiff|thumb|Exemplar operum Saadi Shirazensis a [[Safvet beg Bašagić]] (1870–1934), erudito [[Bosnia]]co factum.]] ==Citationes== Praeterea citatus est in traditionibus [[cultura Occidentalis|Occidentalibus]]. [[Alexander Pushkin]], unus ex celeberrimis poetis [[Russia|Russicis]], Saadi sic citat in ''[[Евгений Онегин|Eugenio Onegin]]'' [[poema]]te suo: "ut iamdudum cecinit Saadi, 'nonnulli remotissimi, nonnulli mortui sunt.'"<ref>Textus [http://lib.ru/LITRA/PUSHKIN/ENGLISH/onegin_j.txtomnis poematis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} hic legi potest.</ref> ''Gulistanum'' nonnullas [[fabula]]s [[Ioannes de La Fontaine|Ioannis de la Fontaine]] movit. [[Beniaminus Franklinius]] in DLXXXVIII ''A Parable on Persecution'', uno e suis operibus, nonnullas [[parabola]]s e ''[[Bustanum|Bustano]]'' libro Saadiensi citat, fontem ut videtur ignorans.<ref>Yohannan 1977: xxv-xxvi.</ref> [[Radulphus Waldo Emerson]], qui scripturas Saadienses etiam legit (solum autem [[Anglice]]), opera Saadiensia cum [[Biblia Sacra|Bibliis Sacris]] pro [[sapientia]] et [[pulchritudo|pulchritudine]] [[narratio]]nis comparat.<ref>Milani 2004: 39.</ref> [[Baracus Obama]] [[praeses Civitatum Foederatarum]] primos cuiusdam poematis [[versus]] in salutatione [[Novus Annus|Novi Anni]] ad populos Iraniae die [[20 Martii]] [[2009]] sic citavit, "[[Vocabulum|Verba]] meminerimus quae a Saadi poeta abhinc permultos annos scripta sunt: '[[Liberi]] [[Adamus|Adami]] membra inter se sunt, ex una [[essentia]] creata.'"<ref>[[Anglice]]: "Let us remember the words that were written by the poet Saadi, so many years ago: 'The children of Adam are limbs to each other, having been created of one essence.'"</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/VIDEOTAPED-REMARKS-BY-THE-PRESIDENT-IN-CELEBRATION-OF-NOWRUZ/ |title=US President Obama's New Year's greeting to the people of Iran, March, 2009 |publisher=web.archive.org |date= |accessdate=2013-08-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328151311/http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/VIDEOTAPED-REMARKS-BY-THE-PRESIDENT-IN-CELEBRATION-OF-NOWRUZ/ |archivedate=28 Martii 2009}}.</ref> ==Versio Latina== ''Gulistanum'' {{Creanda|d|Q59532832|Georgius Gentius}}<ref>[https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=9&page=146&view=imagePane&accessor=accessor_index De Gentio] {{ling|Nederlandice}}</ref> Latine vertit et edidit anno 1651. ==Opera selecta== *[[1981]]. ''Aus dem Diwan.'' Ed. Annemarie Schimmel. Stutgardiae: Reclam. ISBN 3-15-007944-6. *[[1990]]. ''Saadi’s Bostan.'' Osnabrück: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 3-7648-0592-7. *[[2001]]. ''Saʿdi der Weise: Die Lieder und Sprüche des Saʿdi.'' Kelkhamiae: Yinyang-Media-Verlag. ISBN 3-9806799-6-9. *[[2004]]. ''Hundertundeine Geschichte aus dem Rosengarten: Ein Brevier orientalischer Lebenskunst.'' Monaci et Turici: Piper. ISBN 3-492-24334-7. ==Mausoleum== <gallery> Fasciculus:Saadi Tomb.jpg|[[Mausoleum]] Saadi [[Shiraz]] in urbe [[Irania]]e Fasciculus:Sa'die 10.jpg|[[Opus tesellatum]] in mausoleo Fasciculus:Saadi tomb.jpg|[[Sepulcrum]] Saadi in mausoleo Fasciculus:Tomb of Sheikh Saadi by Eugène Flandin.jpg|Sepulcrum Sheikh Saadi ab [[Eugenius Flandin|Eugenio Flandin]], 1851 Fasciculus:Tomb of Saadi by Pascal Coste.jpg|Sepulcrum Saadi a [[Pascal Coste]], 1867 Fasciculus:Tomb of Persian poet Sadi of Shiraz2.jpg|Sepulcrum Saadi e caelo, 20 Aprilis 2014 Fasciculus:Tomb of Persian poet Sadi of Shiraz1.jpg|Aditus ad sepulcrum Saadi's, 20 Aprilis 2014 </gallery> ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== *Browne, E. G. [[1998]]. ''Literary History of Persia.'' 4 vol. ISBN 0-7007-0406-X. *Chopra, R. M. [[2014]]. "Great Poets of Classical Persian." Colcatae: Sparrow Publications. ISBN 978-81-89140-75-5. *Katouzian, Homa. [[2006]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190826175640/http://library.globalchalet.net/Authors/Poetry%20Books%20Collection/Sa%27di%20-%20The%20Poet%20of%20Life,%20Love%20and%20Compassion.pdf ''Sa'di, the Poet of Life, Love and Compassion.''] Studium Saadi et eorum operum. ISBN 1-85168-473-5. *Milani, A. [[2004]]. ''Lost Wisdom.'' Vasingtoniae. ISBN 0-934211-90-6. *Rypka, Jan. [[1968]]. ''History of Iranian Literature.'' Reidel Publishing Company. OCLC 460598. ISBN 90-277-0143-1. *[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/saadi/saadi.php Persian Language & Literature: Saadi Shirazi.] *Thackston, W. M. [[2008]]. ''The Gulistan of Sa'di.'' Textus Persicus et Anglicus. ISBN 978-1-58814-058-6. *Wikens, G, M. [[1985]]. ''The Bustan of Sheikh Moslehedin Saadi Shirarzi.'' In Anglicum conversus, cum textu primo. Iranian National Commission for Unesco, No. 46. *Yohannan, J. D. [[1977]]. ''Persian Poetry in England and America: A Two Hundred Year History.'' Novi Eboraci: Caravan Books. ISBN 978-0882060064. ==Nexus externi== {{Wikiquote|Saadi}} {{CommuniaCat|Sa'di}}<!-- *{{Internet Archive author |sname=Saadi Shirazi}} *{{Librivox author |id=8917}}--> *[https://books.google.ru/books?id=q71EAAAAcAAJ Musladini ''Sadi Rosarium Politicum, Sive Amoenum Sortis Humanae Theatrum''] (Georgii Gentii versio Latina) *[https://archive.org/details/bustansadi00edwagoog ''The Bustan of Saadi.''] Editio Anglica ab A. Hart Edwards, 1911. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110604055327/http://classics.mit.edu/Sadi/gulistan.html ''The Gulistan of Sa'di.''] *''[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/saadi/books/bostan_saadi.pdf ''The Bustan of Saadi.''] Iran Chamber, *[http://www.anobanini.ir/travel/fa/fars/1386/10/post_6.php Photographema sepulcri Saadi.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140909185833/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/221/ "Verses in Persian and Chaghatay."] *[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2423 Ghazal Saadi.]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20170331115933/http://danamotor.ir/lightbox.php?med=Ax_Persian_Arts_Iranian_Carpet_Oneness_of_Mankind_Rug_Dialogue_Among_Civilizations_UN_North_Delegates_Lounge_United_Nations_2005-425935761773400.jpg&lang=en Photographema tapetae quae ''Bani Adam'' continet, Consociationi Nationum concessae.] Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20181106234957/http://www.payvand.com/news/05/aug/1234.html ''Payvand News,'' 24 Augusti 2005.] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OcQHSg_YZ6I ''Bani Adam'' Persice recitatum ab Amir H. Ghaseminejad.] *[http://ganjoor.net/saadi/golestan/dibache/ Introductio ad ''Golestan'' Persice recitatum ab Hamidreza Mohammadi.] {{Lifetime|1208|saeculo 13|Saadi}} [[Categoria:Auctores Persici]] [[Categoria:Incolae Iraniae]] [[Categoria:Poetae Iraniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Iraniae]]<!-- [[Category:Sufi poets]] [[Category:Iranian Sufis]] [[Category:Sufi fiction]]--> {{Myrias|Homines}} o84tbbci5xb0cth8utt73hsv2rjmg92 0 280230 3959126 3704765 2026-05-11T12:05:23Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} [[Fasciculus:ProjectPat.jpg|thumb|Project Pat cantat.]] '''Patricius Houston''', vulgo ''Patrick,'' sed agnomine '''Project Pat''' saepissime appellatus (die [[18 Februarii]] [[1973]] natus), est [[cantor]] et [[histrio]] ex [[Memphis (Tennesia)|Memphide]] in [[Tennesia]] ortus, qui se cum The Kaze grege [[musicus|musico]] iunxit. Musicum curriculum Pensi{{dubsig}} Patricii incepit, cum in cantu eius fratris annis 1990 caneret. Eius curriculum desivit, cum apprehensus est propter latrocinium; postea autem eius fratrem cum Sexie Grege (Anglice ''Three 6 Mafia)'' grege musico iunxit. == Alba musica == *''Ghetty Green'' (1999) *''Mista Don't Play: Everythangs Workin'' (2001) *''Layin' da Smack Down'' (2002) *''Crook by da Book: The Fed Story'' (2006) *''Walkin' Bank Roll'' (2007) *''Real Recognize Real'' (2009) *''Loud Pack'' (2011) *''Mista Don't Play 2: Everythangs Money'' (2015) *''M.O.B.'' (2017) == Nexus externi == *[https://three6mafiamerch.bigcartel.com/products Taberna Sexiei Gregis.]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/project-pat/628004 Taberna Musica Pensi Patricii] [[Categoria:Nati 1973]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Cantores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Incolae Tennesiae]] 142f0nt7jt8gbruz703quzot2s45h28 118 282079 3959127 3958477 2026-05-11T12:15:23Z Archaeocursor 206441 /* Monumenta */ 3959127 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Adumbratio}}</noinclude>{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:93439_marina_ashkelon_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg|thumb]] {{res|Ascalon}} ([[Hebraice]] אַשְׁקְלוֹן) est [[urbs]] in [[Israël]]e sita. Quae urbs primum condita esse abhinc annorum decem milia dicitur. [[Portus|Portum]] habebat, unde [[merx|merces]] et inferebantur et exportabantur.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = "העבר של אשקלון הוא הנשמה שלה, ועדות לכל מה שהיא מסמלת" | lingua = he | domus editoria = The Marker | url = https://www.themarker.com/labels/ashkelon/2022-09-22/ty-article-labels/00000183-6525-dd85-a9f3-67bfe3d00000 }}.</ref> Ascalon una ex quinque urbibus [[Philistaei|Philistaeorum]] est quae in [[Liber Iosue|libro Iosue]] 13:3 memorantur.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Ascalon | domus editoria = New Advent | url = https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01766b.htm }}.</ref> Urbs autem hodierna anno [[1948]] condita est.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = היסטוריה ותרבות באשקלון – כשישן וחדש נפגשים | domus editoria = אלדן | url = https://www.eldan.co.il/magazine/carrental/rentcarashkelon/history-ashkelon# }}.</ref> Anno [[2020]] circiter 146&thinsp;500 homines ibi habitabant.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = אשקלון | lingua = he | domus editoria = הלשקה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה | url = https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/doclib/2022/local_authorities20_1879/58_7100.pdf }}.</ref> == Historia == === Historia antiqua === {{Paginae principales|Ascalon (urbs antiqua)}} [[Fasciculus:Ashkelon – The Canaanite city gate and ramparts.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Ascalonis Chananaeae porta.]] Urbs [[Chanaan|Chananaea]] [[Saeculum 20 a.C.n.|saeculo vicensimo a.C.n.]] condita est, longitudine 1100 metrorum et latitudine 600 metrorum, moenibus quindecim metra altis circumdata.<ref name="BibleWalks">{{Opus | titulus = Tel Ashkelon | domus editoria = Bible Walks | url = https://www.biblewalks.com/ashkelon/ }}.</ref> Primum memorantur Ascalon in textibus execrationis [[Aegyptus|Aegyptiis]] quae ad {{Creanda|en|Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt|Domus Aegypti 11|undecimam dynastiam}} referuntur, et per dynastias {{Creanda|en|Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Domus Aegypti 18|XVIII}} ad XX fortasse urbs Chananaea Aegyptiorum imperio subiecta erat. Anno [[1280 a.C.n.]], frustra Ascalon contra [[Rhamses II|Ramsem II]] rebellavit. Anno [[1229 a.C.n.]], urbs ab [[Amenephthis|Amenephthe]] [[Pharao]]ne rursus capta est.<ref name="JewishLibrary">{{Opus | titulus = Ashkelon | domus editoria = Jewish Virtual Library | url = https://jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ashkelon }}.</ref> Ascalon a [[Tribus Iudae|tribu Iudae]] capta est:<ref name="BibleWalks"/> <blockquote>Cepitque Iudas [[Gaza]]m cum finibus suis et Ascalonem atque Accaron cum terminis suis. (Iudicum 1:18).<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_iudicum_lt.html | titulus= Nova Vulgata LIBER IUDICUM | domus editoria= Vatican}}.</ref></blockquote> [[Saeculum 12 a.C.n.|Saeculo duodecimo a.C.n.]], urbs a [[Philistae]]is capta est. Ascalon saepe in [[narratio]]nibus de [[Samson]]e in [[Biblia|Bibliis]] commemoratur. Quae urbs tempore {{Creanda|en|Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|Regnum Israeliticum (monarchia unita)|monarchiae Israeliticae}} adhuc erat Philistaeorum una ex praecipuis urbibus.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Saul (Rex)|Saul]], Israëlis Rex primus, Philistinos Philistinos vicit et multas urbes cepit. Rex ipse in proelio cecidit, [[David]]que lugens eos versiculos recitavit:<ref name="BibleWalks"/> <blockquote>Incliti, o Israel, super montes tuos interfecti, quomodo ceciderunt fortes! Nolite annuntiare in Geth neque annuntietis in compitis Ascalonis, ne forte laetentur filiae Philisthim, ne exsultent filiae incircumcisorum. (II Samuelis 1:19-20),<ref>{{opus |titulus=Nova Vulgata LIBER SECUNDUS SAMUELIS |domus editoria= Vatican | url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_ii-samuelis_lt.html}}.</ref></blockquote> Ascalonem punitum iri preaedixerunt prophetae [[Ieremias]], [[Amos (propheta)|Amos]], [[Sophonias]], et [[Zacharias (propheta)|Zacharias]].<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Saeculum 18 a.C.n.|Saeculo duodevicensimo a.C.n.]] a regno Ascalonis multas terras a regno expugnavit [[Assyria]], et Anno [[734 a.C.n.]] urbs a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Tiglatpileser III|Tiglatpilesero III|en|qid=Q210074}} capta est. Anno [[732 a.C.n.]] Rex Ascalonis frustra contra Assyrios rebellavit, propter quod urbs graviter punita est. [[Rex Sidqia]] postea participavit in alia rebellione contra Assyriam, duce [[Ezechias|Ezechia]]. Apud [[Sennacherib]], urbes Sidqiae prope [[Iappa|Iappam]] captae sunt, et Ascalon ipse se dedidit, cuius rex exsulatus est. Tributum quod Ascalon reddidit in inscriptionibus principum Esarhaddon et Assurbanipal memoratur, qui urbem fine [[Saeculum 7 a.C.n.|saeculi 7]] et initio [[Saeculum 6 a.C.n.|sexto a.C.n.]] ad [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegyptum]] pugnandum adhibuit. De calamitatibus quas urbs sufferebat scripserunt prophetae biblici.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> Cum imperium Assyriorum caderet, Aegyptus urbem occupavit. Anno [[604 a.C.n.]], Ascalon a [[Nabuchodonosor II|Nabuchodonosore]] deleta est, qui multos cives urbis exsulavit, quo facto sexcentorum annorum praesentiae Philistaeorum in Israele finis impositus est. Munitiones Ascalonis post Babylonicam excidionem non reaedificatae sunt.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/><ref name="BibleWalks"/> Sub [[Imperium Achaemenidarum|imperio Persarum]], quod Ascalonem a Babyloniis cepit, Iudaeis [[Ierusalem]] redire licuit, sed Ascalon tum pars provinciae Iudaeae non fuit. In Ascalone ceterisque urbibus Philistaeorum, habitabant [[Phoenices]], et ipsa Ascalon [[Tyros|Tyriorum]] dicioni parebat. Id urbi magnas divitias attulit. [[Archaeologus|Archaeologi]] in Ascalone magnum [[Ascalonis Canum Coemeterium|canum coemeterium]] invenerunt, quod ad ritum Phoenicum pertinebat. In eo coemeterio plus quam mille [[Canis|canes]] erant.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandro Magno]] Ascalon se anno [[332 a.C.n.]] dedit, neque, ut [[Gaza]], laesa est.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Post divisionem imperii [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandri]], Ascalon in [[Regnum Ptolemaicum|regno Ptolemaico]] erat, et urbs sui iuris facta est. Tum [[Iudaei]] in Ascalone [[floruit|floruerunt]]. Urbs deinde ab [[Antiochus III|Antiocho III]] capta sedes [[Cultura Graeca|culturae Graecae]] magni momenti facta est. Propter imminutam potentiam [[Seleucidae|Seleucidarum]], Anno [[104 a.C.n.]] Ascalon rursus in [[libertas|libertatem]] se recepit. Reges {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Hyrcanus|Ioannes Hyrcanus|en|he|qid=Q319043}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Alexander Jannaeus|Alexander Jannaeus|en|he|qid=Q319107}} ex [[Hasmonaei|genere Hasmonaeorum]] urbem capere frustra conati sunt.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Fasciculus:Ask NTL PARK.jpg|thumb|Columnae Romanae in Saepto Nationali Ascalonis.]] [[Imperium Romanum|Aetate Romana]], Colonia Ascalonensis liberate et foederata fuit. In urbe [[Paganismus|pagani]] [[Apollo|Apollinem]], [[Hercules|Herculem]], et [[Atargatis|Atargatidem]] venerati sunt, deam facie et parte superiore corporis muliebri, parte inferiore corporis et cauda piscis. [[Herodes Magnus|Herodes]], quamquam urbem non regebat, fora tamen ibi atque balnea publica hortosque exstruxit, fortasse quod ibi natus erat. In [[Primum Bellum Iudaicum|primo bello Iudaico]], Ascalon Iudaeos aggressus, victor exiit.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> Tempore [[Misna]] et [[Talmud]], [[Iudaei]] in urbe degere soliti sunt, quarum [[Synagoga|synagogas]] [[Synagoga|archeologi]] invenerunt. In Talmude de [[Arbustum|pomariis]], quae reditus e [[Babylonia]] prope Ascalonem fundaverunt, legitur.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Aetas Byzantina|Aetate Byzantina]], urbs [[Religio Christiana|Christiana]] facta est. Ascalon sedes commercii [[vinum|vini]] optimi et [[frumentum|frumenti]] erat.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Vinum]] ex Ascalone illo tempore in [[Anglia]] repertum est.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://cbnisrael.org/2024/10/15/biblical-israel-ashkelon-4/ | titulus= Biblical Israel: Ashkelon | cognomen auctoris= Turnage | nomen auctoris= Marc | tempus=15-10-2024 | domus editoria=CBN Israel}}.</ref> === Medium Aevum === Anno [[637]] Ascalon ab Arabibus capta atque deleta est. Anno [[685]] urbs restituta est, in qua iam et [[Christianus|Christiani]] et [[Iudaei]] et [[Samaritani]] et [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]] habitabant. Inter religiones interdum erant conflictus, propter quos ecclesia in urbe anno [[937]] combusta est.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Fasciculus:Battle of Ascalon-engraving.jpg | thumb | Pugna Ascalonis]] Cum [[Regnum Hierosolymitanum]] a [[Expeditio sacra|crucesignatis]] conditum esset, urbs inter Christianos et Musulmanos finis facta est. Diu exercitus circa urbem pugnaverunt, et anno [[1099]] [[Pugna Ascalonis|pugna Ascalonis]] committeretur. Crucesignati Ascalonem aliquandiu teneuerunt, deinde ad [[Oriens|orientem]] se receperunt. Ab anno [[1101]] ad annum [[1114]] Aegyptii terram sanctam capere conabantur, dum duus exercitus circa urbem saepissime puganabant. Anno [[1125]] Rex [[Balduinus II (rex Hierosolymitanus)|Balduinus II]] Ascalonem capere frustra conatus est, anno autem [[1154]] [[Balduinus III (rex Hierosolymitanus)|Balduinus III]] successit. Urbs crucesignatis magni momenti fuit; anno autem [[1187]], [[4 Septembris|quarto die mensis Septembris]], a [[Saladinus|Saladino]] capta est, qui castella, ne Christiani eis uterentur, delevit.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Anno [[1191]], [[Ricardus I (rex Angliae)|Rex Ricardus I]] Ascalonem recepit atque muros aedificavit, quos Arabes rursus deleverunt. Anno [[1240]], [[Ricardus (comes Cornubiae)|Ricardus comes Cornubiae]] urbem iterum munivit. Anno autem [[1247]], [[Ayyubidae]] urbem ceperunt. Anno [[1270]], urbs a [[Mamluci|Mamlucis]] capta atque deleta est, nec Crucesignati eam rursus condiderunt. Dua [[oppidum|oppida]] Arabum, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Magdala||he|qid=Q132129150}} et Iagur, prope Ascalonem antiquam condita sunt, in quibus homines ex Aegypto vivebant.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Ascalonis propter excidionem, Magdala magni momenti facta est.<ref>{{Opus | titulus= אשקלון - שכונת מגדל העברית | url= https://shimur.org/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%93%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA/ | domus editoria= מועצה לשימור אתרי מורשת בישראל | nomen auctoris 1= גד | cognomen auctoris 1= סובול | nomen auctoris 2= אבי | cognomen auctoris 2= ששון | tempus= 01-10-2008}}</ref> === Aetas Turcica ac Britannica === === Aetas Israelita === Die [[5 Novembris]] anno [[1948]], locus ab [[Israel|Israele]] captus est. Urbs primum [[Lingua Hebraica|Hebraice]] vocatus est “Migdal Aza”, postea “Migdal Gad”, anno tandem [[1951]] “Migdal Aškelon”. Anno [[1955]], urbs Migal Aškelon et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Afridar||he|qid=Q6632325}}, qui prope eam erat, in unum coniunctae sunt, et urbs una vocatur Ascalon.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/18231 | titulus= 70 שנה: 70 אירועים ודמויות מתולדות אשקלון | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | tempus= 19-04-2018 00:14 | nomen auctoris 1= ג'ני | cognomen auctoris 1= פרנקל שלום | nomen auctoris 2=גייל | cognomen auctoris 2= מיכאלי | nomen auctoris 3= אורי| cognomen auctoris 3= קריספין| nomen auctoris 4=דוד | cognomen auctoris 4= לוי}}</ref> == Demographia == Anno [[2023]], 86.1 centesimae hominum qui in Ascalone vivebant [[Iudaei]] erant, 0.4 centesimae [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]], et 13.5 centesimae alias [[Religio|religiones]] profitebantur.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2026/local_authorities23/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F.pdf | titulus= הרשויות המקומיות ישראל 2023 אשקלון | domus editoria= הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה }}.</ref> == Monumenta == === Saeptum Nationale Ascalonense === [[Fasciculus:Mosaic floor at Ashkelon.jpg |thumb|upright=0.8|[[Opus tessellatum]] in Saepto Nationali Ascalonense]] Ubi fuit urbs antiqua hodie est [[Saeptum Nationale Ascalonense]],<ref name="placesToVisit"/> quod anno [[1964]] primum [[saeptum nationale]] in Israele designatum est.<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/mobile/0,7340,L-2124593,00.html | titulus= הגן הלאומי באשקלון | nomen auctoris= בועז | cognomen auctoris= כרמל | tempus= 26-09-2002 10:59 | domus editoria= ynet }}.</ref> Muri, qui urbem circumdederunt, in eo loco quoque hodie sunt. Saeptum [[hortus|hortum]] multis [[statua|statuis]] Romanis ornatum habet.<ref name="placesToVisit">{{Opus | url= https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Ashkelon.html#Ashkelon | titulus= Ashkelon & Surroundings PLACES TO VISIT | domus editoria=Jewish Virtual Library}}.</ref> Altitudo vallis Chananaeae est 15 metra, latitudo 30 metra, longitudo 2200 metra.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.mako.co.il/travel-israel/magazine-themostbeautifulcities/Article-78f8f49c8c26371026.htm | domus editoria= mako | titulus= חופש הערים הכי יפות בארץ. מה יש לעשות באשקלון| tempus=19-05-2021}}.</ref> In saepto est basilica Romana, quam [[archeologus|archaeologi]] ab [[Herodes Magnus|Herode]] conditam esse putant,<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/2000-year-old-basilica-unearthed-in-ashkelon-669665 |titulus=2,000-year-old basilica unearthed in Ashkelon | nomen auctoris=Rosella | cognomen auctoris=Tercatin | domus editoria=Jerusalem Post | tempus=31-05-2021 19:25}}.</ref> et maximum in orbe terrarum canum coemeterium.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/mobile/0,7340,L-5047211,00.html | titulus=תעלומת בית הקברות לכלבים הגדול בעולם שהתגלה באשקלון | nomen auctoris= אסף| cognomen auctoris= קמר| tempus= 25-11-2017 07:59 | domus editoria= ynet}}.</ref> Anno [[2024]] Saeptum quintum in popularitate in Israele fuit; anno autem [[2025]] secundum.<ref>{{Opus | titulus= גם ב-2025 – זה אתר הטיולים הפופולרי בישראל | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/vacation/israeltrips/article/rjp9q7egwl | nomen auctoris= אסף| cognomen auctoris= רוזן| domus editoria=ynet | tempus= 08-12-2025 15:00 }}.</ref> Multa animalia quoquoe in hoc loco vivunt. [[Dendrocopos syriacus]], [[Upapa]], et [[Psittacula krameri]] in cavis arborum [[Tamarix|tamaricis]] veterum nidificant; [[Prinia gracilis]], [[Burhinus]], [[Passer hispaniolensis]], et [[Lanius nubicus]] in campis. [[Jynx torquilla]] et [[Luscinia svecica]] hieme in saepto inveniuntur. [[Laudakia stellio]], [[Vulpes vulpes]], [[Gazella gazella gazella]], [[Herpestes]], et [[Caretta caretta]] quoque invenientur in hoc loco.<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/environment-science/article/skv5vvbsn | titulus= מחרדונים ועד נמיות: הצצה לעולם החי הקסום בגן הלאומי תל אשקלון | domus editoria= ynet | tempus= 28-07-2023 16:28}}.</ref> === Monumentum in honorem caesorum in bellis Israel === [[Fasciculus:Lanoflim Askelon 11.jpg | thumb |upright=0.8|[[Monumentum]] in honorem caesorum in bellis Israeliensibus.]] {{Creanda|he|אנדרטה לנופלים (אשקלון) | Monumentum in honorem caesorum in bellis Israel}} in prato herboso est ante [[Curia municipalis|curiam municipalem]]. Elementum sculptile compositum virtutem et bellum significat. Parietes aedificii sexanguli tabulas marmoris nigras constant, in quibus inscripta sunt nomina caesorum. In parite contra inscriptum est “Aeternum vobis gratias agimus. De gerenatione in generationem gloriam eorum narrabimus.”<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.izkor.gov.il/monument/en_d9b0257bc0e71a1983f1ec8d7e8bde66/ | titulus= אנדרטה לנופלים במערכות ישראל. אשקלון| domus editoria= יזכור }}.</ref> ===Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis=== [[Fasciculus:מרינה אשקלון.PNG | thumb |upright=0.8|Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis.]] {{Creanda|he| מרינה אשקלון | Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis}}, anno [[1991]] conditus, locus est ad navigia velifera et [[Navis lusoria |naves lusorias]] ancorandas, et multasque [[Popina sellariola| popinas sellariolas]] habet.<ref>{{Opus| url= https://baliletayel.co.il/atraction/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%9E/ | titulus= המרינה של אשקלון – טיילת אטרקטיבית לצד מעגן סירות | domus editoria= בא לי לטייל}}.</ref> Portus, qui plerumque ad oblectamentum destinatur, in {{Creanda| en| Twelve-Day War |bello contra Iraniam}} magni momenti factus est. Homines eo usi sunt ut via ad Israëlem ingrediendum et ex eo egrediendum esset, cum [[aeroportus]] clausus esset.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/95583 | titulus= מי היה מאמין? זה התפקיד של המרינה באשקלון במלחמה עם איראן | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | tempus= 18-06-2025 15:22}}.</ref> Porum visitant non modo qui in Ascalone habitant, sed quoque in [[Berosaba]], [[Azotus|Azoto]], [[Kiriat-Gat]], et aliis urbibus.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.israelhayom.co.il/travel/tourism-news/article/19966651 | titulus= שעה מתל אביב: מתחם הבילוי שעבר מהפך - וכולם נוהרים אליו | nomen auctoris= ליאת | cognomen auctoris= מופז מילצ'ן | tempus= 23-02-2026 19:40 | domus editoria= ישראל היום}}.</ref> == Urbes geminae == * {{Vexillum icon|Canada}} [[Côte Saint-Luc]], [[Quebecum]], [[Canada]] (ab anno [[1975]])<ref>{{opus | url=https://cotesaintluc.org/en/the-city/about-csl/ | titulus=About CSL | domus editoria= cotesaintluc.org}}</ref><ref>{{opus | url=https://www.bnaibrith.ca/advocacy/jewish-heritage-month/jhm-cote-saint-luc/ | titulus=JEWISH HERITAGE MONTH PARTNER: COTE SAINT LUC, QUEBEC | domus editoria= Bnai Brith Canada}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Ruthenia Alba}} [[Grodna]], [[Ruthenia Alba]] (ab anno [[2011]])<ref>{{Opus | tempus= 23-02-2011 | url= https://ashkelon.news/article/9023 |titulus= עוד עיר תאומה ברית ערים תאומות נחתמה בין העיר אשקלון לגרודנו (בלרוס). רה"ע של גרודנו קוזלקוב בוריס הגיע לאשקלון עם אנשי עסקים המעוניינים ליצור קשרי מסחר | domus editoria= ashkelon.news}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | tempus= 2011-03-01 13:16 | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402150430/https://news.tut.by/society/216834.html | titulus= Израильский город Ашкелон стал двенадцатым городом-побратимом Гродно | domus editoria=news.tut.by}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Francia}} [[Aquae Sextiae]], [[Francia]] (ab anno [[1994]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.aixenprovence.fr/Ashkelon-ISRAEL | titulus=Ashkelon (ISRAEL) | domus editoria= aixenprovence.fr}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Germania}} [[Pancovium]], [[Germania]] (Ab anno [[1994]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.berlin.de/ba-pankow/ueber-den-bezirk/staedtepartner/artikel.1535473.en.php | titulus = City Partnerships | domus editoria= Bezirksamt Pankow}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url=https://pankow-ashkelon.org/en/about-us | titulus= About Us | domus editoria= Freundeskreis Berlin Pankow-Ashkelon}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Portlandia (Oregonia)|Portlandia]], [[Oregonia]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[1987]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.studycountry.com/wiki/what-is-portland-oregon-sister-city | titulus=What is Portland Oregon sister city? | domus editoria= studycountry.com}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Baltimora (Terra Mariae)|Baltimora]], [[Terra Mariae]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[2003]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://baltimorefishbowl.com/stories/baltimores-awkward-relationship-sister-cities/ |domus editoria= Baltimore Fish Bowl | titulus=Baltimore’s Awkward Relationship with Our Sister Cities |nomen auctoris=Rachel | cognomen auctoris=Monroe | tempus=22-04-2014}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.jewishtimes.com/baltimore-ashkelon-partnership-supports-israeli-city-after-rocket-strikes/ | titulus= Baltimore-Ashkelon Partnership Supports Israeli City After Rocket Strikes | nomen auctoris=Jillian |cognomen auctoris=Diamond | tempus=24-05-2023 | domus editoria=Jewish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Opus |url=https://associated.org/stories/the-baltimore-ashkelon-partnership-celebrating-20-years/ | titulus=The Baltimore-Ashkelon Partnership: Celebrating 20 Years | domus editoria= The Associated Jewish Federation in Baltimore}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Sacramentum (California)|Sacramentum]], [[California]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[2012]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/after-battle-sacramento-okays-sisterhood-with-ashkelon/ | domus editoria= Times of Israel | titulus= After battle, Sacramento okays sisterhood with Ashkelon | nomen auctoris= Joshua | cognomen auctoris= Davidovich | tempus=15-08-2012}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/sumy-ukraine-becomes-sacramentos-latest-sister-city/ | titulus=Sumy, Ukraine becomes Sacramento's latest Sister City | domus editoria= CBS News | nomen auctoris=Cecilio | cognomen auctoris= Padilla| tempus=29-06-2023}} “Eleven other cities have been named Sister Cities with Sacramento … Ashkelon, Israel”</ref><ref>{{Opus |url=https://jweekly.com/2012/08/17/its-unanimous-sacramento-ashkelon-now-sister-cities/ | domus editoria= Jewish Weekly | titulus= Its unanimous: Sacramento, Ashkelon now sister cities | nomen auctoris= Emma | cognomen auctoris=Silvers |tempus=17-08-2012}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Polonia}} [[Sopot (Polonia)|Sopot]], [[Polonia]] (ab anno [[1993]] ad annum [[2025]])<ref>{{Opus | titulus= Sopot pierwszym samorządem w Polsce, który zerwał partnerstwo z izraelskim miastem. Zdecydowali o tym radni | url= https://trojmiasto.wyborcza.pl/trojmiasto/7,35612,32429747,sopot-pierwszy-w-polsce-zerwal-partnerstwo-z-izraelskim-miastem.html | tempus=27-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= Maciej | cognomen auctoris= Pietrzak | domus editoria= wyborcza.pl}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= הלחץ הפרו-פלסטיני הכריע 30 שנות יחסים: בוטל הסכם "ערים תאומות" בין אשקלון לסופוט | url= https://www.maariv.co.il/news/world/article-1257675 | tempus=01-12-2025 | nomen auctoris= דן | cognomen auctoris= עזרא | domus editoria= מעריב}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= "בגלל רצח העם בעזה": עיירת נופש בפולין ביטלה ברית ערים תאומות עם אשקלון | url= https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/r1ucjukbbx | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris 1= איתמר | cognomen auctoris 1= אייכנר | domus editoria= ynet | nomen auctoris 2= רוני | cognomen auctoris 2= גרין שאולוב}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= לאחר 32 שנים: בוטלה שותפות עיר תאומה עם אשקלון בגלל "רצח עם בעזה" | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/99197 | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= דוד | cognomen auctoris= לוי | domus editoria= כאן חדשות דרום אשקלון}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= "רצח עם": העיר באירופה שביטלה הסכם ערים עם אשקלון | url= https://www.i24news.tv/he/news/international/europe/artc-30d542eb | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= מעיין | cognomen auctoris= רפאל | domus editoria= i24}}.</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Ucraina}} [[Uman]], [[Regio Circassiensis]], [[Ucraina]] (ab anno [[2010]])<ref>{{Opus|url=https://uman-rada.gov.ua/index.php/mizhnarodni-zviazky | domus editoria=Уманська міська рада Виконавчий комітет | titulus=Міжнародні зв'язки}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|India}} [[Vadodara]], [[Guzarata]], [[India]] (ab anno [[2017]])<ref>{{Opus | url = https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/municipality/10841 | titulus= אשקלון-בארודה ערים תאומות: ראש הממשלה מברך| domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | nomen auctoris= ג'ני | cognomen auctoris= פרנקל שלום | tempus= 8-12-2017 15:13 }}</ref><ref>{{Opus| url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/11526 | titulus= העירייה: כ-2,000 משתתפים בפסטיבל הודו באשקלון | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון| nomen auctoris= אלירם | cognomen auctoris= משה | tempus= 20-12-2017 12:07 }}</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Nexus interni == * [[Ascalon (urbs antiqua)]] * [[Israël]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Ashkelon|Ascalonam}} {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Israel]] [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae]] [[Categoria:Urbes Israelis]] hyge833t2q4l2baavpv1158e17n7wqv 3959131 3959127 2026-05-11T12:41:19Z Archaeocursor 206441 /* = Ascalon praehistorica */ 3959131 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Adumbratio}}</noinclude>{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:93439_marina_ashkelon_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg|thumb]] {{res|Ascalon}} ([[Hebraice]] אַשְׁקְלוֹן) est [[urbs]] in [[Israël]]e sita. Quae urbs primum condita esse abhinc annorum decem milia dicitur. [[Portus|Portum]] habebat, unde [[merx|merces]] et inferebantur et exportabantur.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = "העבר של אשקלון הוא הנשמה שלה, ועדות לכל מה שהיא מסמלת" | lingua = he | domus editoria = The Marker | url = https://www.themarker.com/labels/ashkelon/2022-09-22/ty-article-labels/00000183-6525-dd85-a9f3-67bfe3d00000 }}.</ref> Ascalon una ex quinque urbibus [[Philistaei|Philistaeorum]] est quae in [[Liber Iosue|libro Iosue]] 13:3 memorantur.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Ascalon | domus editoria = New Advent | url = https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01766b.htm }}.</ref> Urbs autem hodierna anno [[1948]] condita est.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = היסטוריה ותרבות באשקלון – כשישן וחדש נפגשים | domus editoria = אלדן | url = https://www.eldan.co.il/magazine/carrental/rentcarashkelon/history-ashkelon# }}.</ref> Anno [[2020]] circiter 146&thinsp;500 homines ibi habitabant.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = אשקלון | lingua = he | domus editoria = הלשקה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה | url = https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/doclib/2022/local_authorities20_1879/58_7100.pdf }}.</ref> == Historia == === Ascalon praehistorica == Ascalon [[Neolithicum|Neolithica]] criciter centum metra a mari aberat et 15-20 metra supra maris aequor sita erat.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/27926432 | titulus= A Late Neolithic Site near Ashkelon | nomen auctoris 1= Jean | cognomen auctoris 1= Perrot | nomen auctoris 2= Avi | cognomen auctoris 2= Gopher | domus editoria = Israel Exploration Journal | volumen= 46 | paginae= 145-166 | annus = 1996}}</ref> === Historia antiqua === {{Paginae principales|Ascalon (urbs antiqua)}} [[Fasciculus:Ashkelon – The Canaanite city gate and ramparts.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Ascalonis Chananaeae porta.]] Urbs [[Chanaan|Chananaea]] [[Saeculum 20 a.C.n.|saeculo vicensimo a.C.n.]] condita est, longitudine 1100 metrorum et latitudine 600 metrorum, moenibus quindecim metra altis circumdata.<ref name="BibleWalks">{{Opus | titulus = Tel Ashkelon | domus editoria = Bible Walks | url = https://www.biblewalks.com/ashkelon/ }}.</ref> Primum memorantur Ascalon in textibus execrationis [[Aegyptus|Aegyptiis]] quae ad {{Creanda|en|Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt|Domus Aegypti 11|undecimam dynastiam}} referuntur, et per dynastias {{Creanda|en|Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Domus Aegypti 18|XVIII}} ad XX fortasse urbs Chananaea Aegyptiorum imperio subiecta erat. Anno [[1280 a.C.n.]], frustra Ascalon contra [[Rhamses II|Ramsem II]] rebellavit. Anno [[1229 a.C.n.]], urbs ab [[Amenephthis|Amenephthe]] [[Pharao]]ne rursus capta est.<ref name="JewishLibrary">{{Opus | titulus = Ashkelon | domus editoria = Jewish Virtual Library | url = https://jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ashkelon }}.</ref> Ascalon a [[Tribus Iudae|tribu Iudae]] capta est:<ref name="BibleWalks"/> <blockquote>Cepitque Iudas [[Gaza]]m cum finibus suis et Ascalonem atque Accaron cum terminis suis. (Iudicum 1:18).<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_iudicum_lt.html | titulus= Nova Vulgata LIBER IUDICUM | domus editoria= Vatican}}.</ref></blockquote> [[Saeculum 12 a.C.n.|Saeculo duodecimo a.C.n.]], urbs a [[Philistae]]is capta est. Ascalon saepe in [[narratio]]nibus de [[Samson]]e in [[Biblia|Bibliis]] commemoratur. Quae urbs tempore {{Creanda|en|Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|Regnum Israeliticum (monarchia unita)|monarchiae Israeliticae}} adhuc erat Philistaeorum una ex praecipuis urbibus.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Saul (Rex)|Saul]], Israëlis Rex primus, Philistinos Philistinos vicit et multas urbes cepit. Rex ipse in proelio cecidit, [[David]]que lugens eos versiculos recitavit:<ref name="BibleWalks"/> <blockquote>Incliti, o Israel, super montes tuos interfecti, quomodo ceciderunt fortes! Nolite annuntiare in Geth neque annuntietis in compitis Ascalonis, ne forte laetentur filiae Philisthim, ne exsultent filiae incircumcisorum. (II Samuelis 1:19-20),<ref>{{opus |titulus=Nova Vulgata LIBER SECUNDUS SAMUELIS |domus editoria= Vatican | url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_ii-samuelis_lt.html}}.</ref></blockquote> Ascalonem punitum iri preaedixerunt prophetae [[Ieremias]], [[Amos (propheta)|Amos]], [[Sophonias]], et [[Zacharias (propheta)|Zacharias]].<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Saeculum 18 a.C.n.|Saeculo duodevicensimo a.C.n.]] a regno Ascalonis multas terras a regno expugnavit [[Assyria]], et Anno [[734 a.C.n.]] urbs a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Tiglatpileser III|Tiglatpilesero III|en|qid=Q210074}} capta est. Anno [[732 a.C.n.]] Rex Ascalonis frustra contra Assyrios rebellavit, propter quod urbs graviter punita est. [[Rex Sidqia]] postea participavit in alia rebellione contra Assyriam, duce [[Ezechias|Ezechia]]. Apud [[Sennacherib]], urbes Sidqiae prope [[Iappa|Iappam]] captae sunt, et Ascalon ipse se dedidit, cuius rex exsulatus est. Tributum quod Ascalon reddidit in inscriptionibus principum Esarhaddon et Assurbanipal memoratur, qui urbem fine [[Saeculum 7 a.C.n.|saeculi 7]] et initio [[Saeculum 6 a.C.n.|sexto a.C.n.]] ad [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegyptum]] pugnandum adhibuit. De calamitatibus quas urbs sufferebat scripserunt prophetae biblici.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> Cum imperium Assyriorum caderet, Aegyptus urbem occupavit. Anno [[604 a.C.n.]], Ascalon a [[Nabuchodonosor II|Nabuchodonosore]] deleta est, qui multos cives urbis exsulavit, quo facto sexcentorum annorum praesentiae Philistaeorum in Israele finis impositus est. Munitiones Ascalonis post Babylonicam excidionem non reaedificatae sunt.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/><ref name="BibleWalks"/> Sub [[Imperium Achaemenidarum|imperio Persarum]], quod Ascalonem a Babyloniis cepit, Iudaeis [[Ierusalem]] redire licuit, sed Ascalon tum pars provinciae Iudaeae non fuit. In Ascalone ceterisque urbibus Philistaeorum, habitabant [[Phoenices]], et ipsa Ascalon [[Tyros|Tyriorum]] dicioni parebat. Id urbi magnas divitias attulit. [[Archaeologus|Archaeologi]] in Ascalone magnum [[Ascalonis Canum Coemeterium|canum coemeterium]] invenerunt, quod ad ritum Phoenicum pertinebat. In eo coemeterio plus quam mille [[Canis|canes]] erant.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandro Magno]] Ascalon se anno [[332 a.C.n.]] dedit, neque, ut [[Gaza]], laesa est.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Post divisionem imperii [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandri]], Ascalon in [[Regnum Ptolemaicum|regno Ptolemaico]] erat, et urbs sui iuris facta est. Tum [[Iudaei]] in Ascalone [[floruit|floruerunt]]. Urbs deinde ab [[Antiochus III|Antiocho III]] capta sedes [[Cultura Graeca|culturae Graecae]] magni momenti facta est. Propter imminutam potentiam [[Seleucidae|Seleucidarum]], Anno [[104 a.C.n.]] Ascalon rursus in [[libertas|libertatem]] se recepit. Reges {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Hyrcanus|Ioannes Hyrcanus|en|he|qid=Q319043}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Alexander Jannaeus|Alexander Jannaeus|en|he|qid=Q319107}} ex [[Hasmonaei|genere Hasmonaeorum]] urbem capere frustra conati sunt.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Fasciculus:Ask NTL PARK.jpg|thumb|Columnae Romanae in Saepto Nationali Ascalonis.]] [[Imperium Romanum|Aetate Romana]], Colonia Ascalonensis liberate et foederata fuit. In urbe [[Paganismus|pagani]] [[Apollo|Apollinem]], [[Hercules|Herculem]], et [[Atargatis|Atargatidem]] venerati sunt, deam facie et parte superiore corporis muliebri, parte inferiore corporis et cauda piscis. [[Herodes Magnus|Herodes]], quamquam urbem non regebat, fora tamen ibi atque balnea publica hortosque exstruxit, fortasse quod ibi natus erat. In [[Primum Bellum Iudaicum|primo bello Iudaico]], Ascalon Iudaeos aggressus, victor exiit.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> Tempore [[Misna]] et [[Talmud]], [[Iudaei]] in urbe degere soliti sunt, quarum [[Synagoga|synagogas]] [[Synagoga|archeologi]] invenerunt. In Talmude de [[Arbustum|pomariis]], quae reditus e [[Babylonia]] prope Ascalonem fundaverunt, legitur.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Aetas Byzantina|Aetate Byzantina]], urbs [[Religio Christiana|Christiana]] facta est. Ascalon sedes commercii [[vinum|vini]] optimi et [[frumentum|frumenti]] erat.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Vinum]] ex Ascalone illo tempore in [[Anglia]] repertum est.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://cbnisrael.org/2024/10/15/biblical-israel-ashkelon-4/ | titulus= Biblical Israel: Ashkelon | cognomen auctoris= Turnage | nomen auctoris= Marc | tempus=15-10-2024 | domus editoria=CBN Israel}}.</ref> === Medium Aevum === Anno [[637]] Ascalon ab Arabibus capta atque deleta est. Anno [[685]] urbs restituta est, in qua iam et [[Christianus|Christiani]] et [[Iudaei]] et [[Samaritani]] et [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]] habitabant. Inter religiones interdum erant conflictus, propter quos ecclesia in urbe anno [[937]] combusta est.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Fasciculus:Battle of Ascalon-engraving.jpg | thumb | Pugna Ascalonis]] Cum [[Regnum Hierosolymitanum]] a [[Expeditio sacra|crucesignatis]] conditum esset, urbs inter Christianos et Musulmanos finis facta est. Diu exercitus circa urbem pugnaverunt, et anno [[1099]] [[Pugna Ascalonis|pugna Ascalonis]] committeretur. Crucesignati Ascalonem aliquandiu teneuerunt, deinde ad [[Oriens|orientem]] se receperunt. Ab anno [[1101]] ad annum [[1114]] Aegyptii terram sanctam capere conabantur, dum duus exercitus circa urbem saepissime puganabant. Anno [[1125]] Rex [[Balduinus II (rex Hierosolymitanus)|Balduinus II]] Ascalonem capere frustra conatus est, anno autem [[1154]] [[Balduinus III (rex Hierosolymitanus)|Balduinus III]] successit. Urbs crucesignatis magni momenti fuit; anno autem [[1187]], [[4 Septembris|quarto die mensis Septembris]], a [[Saladinus|Saladino]] capta est, qui castella, ne Christiani eis uterentur, delevit.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Anno [[1191]], [[Ricardus I (rex Angliae)|Rex Ricardus I]] Ascalonem recepit atque muros aedificavit, quos Arabes rursus deleverunt. Anno [[1240]], [[Ricardus (comes Cornubiae)|Ricardus comes Cornubiae]] urbem iterum munivit. Anno autem [[1247]], [[Ayyubidae]] urbem ceperunt. Anno [[1270]], urbs a [[Mamluci|Mamlucis]] capta atque deleta est, nec Crucesignati eam rursus condiderunt. Dua [[oppidum|oppida]] Arabum, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Magdala||he|qid=Q132129150}} et Iagur, prope Ascalonem antiquam condita sunt, in quibus homines ex Aegypto vivebant.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Ascalonis propter excidionem, Magdala magni momenti facta est.<ref>{{Opus | titulus= אשקלון - שכונת מגדל העברית | url= https://shimur.org/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%93%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA/ | domus editoria= מועצה לשימור אתרי מורשת בישראל | nomen auctoris 1= גד | cognomen auctoris 1= סובול | nomen auctoris 2= אבי | cognomen auctoris 2= ששון | tempus= 01-10-2008}}</ref> === Aetas Turcica ac Britannica === === Aetas Israelita === Die [[5 Novembris]] anno [[1948]], locus ab [[Israel|Israele]] captus est. Urbs primum [[Lingua Hebraica|Hebraice]] vocatus est “Migdal Aza”, postea “Migdal Gad”, anno tandem [[1951]] “Migdal Aškelon”. Anno [[1955]], urbs Migal Aškelon et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Afridar||he|qid=Q6632325}}, qui prope eam erat, in unum coniunctae sunt, et urbs una vocatur Ascalon.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/18231 | titulus= 70 שנה: 70 אירועים ודמויות מתולדות אשקלון | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | tempus= 19-04-2018 00:14 | nomen auctoris 1= ג'ני | cognomen auctoris 1= פרנקל שלום | nomen auctoris 2=גייל | cognomen auctoris 2= מיכאלי | nomen auctoris 3= אורי| cognomen auctoris 3= קריספין| nomen auctoris 4=דוד | cognomen auctoris 4= לוי}}</ref> == Demographia == Anno [[2023]], 86.1 centesimae hominum qui in Ascalone vivebant [[Iudaei]] erant, 0.4 centesimae [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]], et 13.5 centesimae alias [[Religio|religiones]] profitebantur.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2026/local_authorities23/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F.pdf | titulus= הרשויות המקומיות ישראל 2023 אשקלון | domus editoria= הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה }}.</ref> == Monumenta == === Saeptum Nationale Ascalonense === [[Fasciculus:Mosaic floor at Ashkelon.jpg |thumb|upright=0.8|[[Opus tessellatum]] in Saepto Nationali Ascalonense]] Ubi fuit urbs antiqua hodie est [[Saeptum Nationale Ascalonense]],<ref name="placesToVisit"/> quod anno [[1964]] primum [[saeptum nationale]] in Israele designatum est.<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/mobile/0,7340,L-2124593,00.html | titulus= הגן הלאומי באשקלון | nomen auctoris= בועז | cognomen auctoris= כרמל | tempus= 26-09-2002 10:59 | domus editoria= ynet }}.</ref> Muri, qui urbem circumdederunt, in eo loco quoque hodie sunt. Saeptum [[hortus|hortum]] multis [[statua|statuis]] Romanis ornatum habet.<ref name="placesToVisit">{{Opus | url= https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Ashkelon.html#Ashkelon | titulus= Ashkelon & Surroundings PLACES TO VISIT | domus editoria=Jewish Virtual Library}}.</ref> Altitudo vallis Chananaeae est 15 metra, latitudo 30 metra, longitudo 2200 metra.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.mako.co.il/travel-israel/magazine-themostbeautifulcities/Article-78f8f49c8c26371026.htm | domus editoria= mako | titulus= חופש הערים הכי יפות בארץ. מה יש לעשות באשקלון| tempus=19-05-2021}}.</ref> In saepto est basilica Romana, quam [[archeologus|archaeologi]] ab [[Herodes Magnus|Herode]] conditam esse putant,<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/2000-year-old-basilica-unearthed-in-ashkelon-669665 |titulus=2,000-year-old basilica unearthed in Ashkelon | nomen auctoris=Rosella | cognomen auctoris=Tercatin | domus editoria=Jerusalem Post | tempus=31-05-2021 19:25}}.</ref> et maximum in orbe terrarum canum coemeterium.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/mobile/0,7340,L-5047211,00.html | titulus=תעלומת בית הקברות לכלבים הגדול בעולם שהתגלה באשקלון | nomen auctoris= אסף| cognomen auctoris= קמר| tempus= 25-11-2017 07:59 | domus editoria= ynet}}.</ref> Anno [[2024]] Saeptum quintum in popularitate in Israele fuit; anno autem [[2025]] secundum.<ref>{{Opus | titulus= גם ב-2025 – זה אתר הטיולים הפופולרי בישראל | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/vacation/israeltrips/article/rjp9q7egwl | nomen auctoris= אסף| cognomen auctoris= רוזן| domus editoria=ynet | tempus= 08-12-2025 15:00 }}.</ref> Multa animalia quoquoe in hoc loco vivunt. [[Dendrocopos syriacus]], [[Upapa]], et [[Psittacula krameri]] in cavis arborum [[Tamarix|tamaricis]] veterum nidificant; [[Prinia gracilis]], [[Burhinus]], [[Passer hispaniolensis]], et [[Lanius nubicus]] in campis. [[Jynx torquilla]] et [[Luscinia svecica]] hieme in saepto inveniuntur. [[Laudakia stellio]], [[Vulpes vulpes]], [[Gazella gazella gazella]], [[Herpestes]], et [[Caretta caretta]] quoque invenientur in hoc loco.<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/environment-science/article/skv5vvbsn | titulus= מחרדונים ועד נמיות: הצצה לעולם החי הקסום בגן הלאומי תל אשקלון | domus editoria= ynet | tempus= 28-07-2023 16:28}}.</ref> === Monumentum in honorem caesorum in bellis Israel === [[Fasciculus:Lanoflim Askelon 11.jpg | thumb |upright=0.8|[[Monumentum]] in honorem caesorum in bellis Israeliensibus.]] {{Creanda|he|אנדרטה לנופלים (אשקלון) | Monumentum in honorem caesorum in bellis Israel}} in prato herboso est ante [[Curia municipalis|curiam municipalem]]. Elementum sculptile compositum virtutem et bellum significat. Parietes aedificii sexanguli tabulas marmoris nigras constant, in quibus inscripta sunt nomina caesorum. In parite contra inscriptum est “Aeternum vobis gratias agimus. De gerenatione in generationem gloriam eorum narrabimus.”<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.izkor.gov.il/monument/en_d9b0257bc0e71a1983f1ec8d7e8bde66/ | titulus= אנדרטה לנופלים במערכות ישראל. אשקלון| domus editoria= יזכור }}.</ref> ===Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis=== [[Fasciculus:מרינה אשקלון.PNG | thumb |upright=0.8|Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis.]] {{Creanda|he| מרינה אשקלון | Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis}}, anno [[1991]] conditus, locus est ad navigia velifera et [[Navis lusoria |naves lusorias]] ancorandas, et multasque [[Popina sellariola| popinas sellariolas]] habet.<ref>{{Opus| url= https://baliletayel.co.il/atraction/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%9E/ | titulus= המרינה של אשקלון – טיילת אטרקטיבית לצד מעגן סירות | domus editoria= בא לי לטייל}}.</ref> Portus, qui plerumque ad oblectamentum destinatur, in {{Creanda| en| Twelve-Day War |bello contra Iraniam}} magni momenti factus est. Homines eo usi sunt ut via ad Israëlem ingrediendum et ex eo egrediendum esset, cum [[aeroportus]] clausus esset.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/95583 | titulus= מי היה מאמין? זה התפקיד של המרינה באשקלון במלחמה עם איראן | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | tempus= 18-06-2025 15:22}}.</ref> Porum visitant non modo qui in Ascalone habitant, sed quoque in [[Berosaba]], [[Azotus|Azoto]], [[Kiriat-Gat]], et aliis urbibus.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.israelhayom.co.il/travel/tourism-news/article/19966651 | titulus= שעה מתל אביב: מתחם הבילוי שעבר מהפך - וכולם נוהרים אליו | nomen auctoris= ליאת | cognomen auctoris= מופז מילצ'ן | tempus= 23-02-2026 19:40 | domus editoria= ישראל היום}}.</ref> == Urbes geminae == * {{Vexillum icon|Canada}} [[Côte Saint-Luc]], [[Quebecum]], [[Canada]] (ab anno [[1975]])<ref>{{opus | url=https://cotesaintluc.org/en/the-city/about-csl/ | titulus=About CSL | domus editoria= cotesaintluc.org}}</ref><ref>{{opus | url=https://www.bnaibrith.ca/advocacy/jewish-heritage-month/jhm-cote-saint-luc/ | titulus=JEWISH HERITAGE MONTH PARTNER: COTE SAINT LUC, QUEBEC | domus editoria= Bnai Brith Canada}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Ruthenia Alba}} [[Grodna]], [[Ruthenia Alba]] (ab anno [[2011]])<ref>{{Opus | tempus= 23-02-2011 | url= https://ashkelon.news/article/9023 |titulus= עוד עיר תאומה ברית ערים תאומות נחתמה בין העיר אשקלון לגרודנו (בלרוס). רה"ע של גרודנו קוזלקוב בוריס הגיע לאשקלון עם אנשי עסקים המעוניינים ליצור קשרי מסחר | domus editoria= ashkelon.news}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | tempus= 2011-03-01 13:16 | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402150430/https://news.tut.by/society/216834.html | titulus= Израильский город Ашкелон стал двенадцатым городом-побратимом Гродно | domus editoria=news.tut.by}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Francia}} [[Aquae Sextiae]], [[Francia]] (ab anno [[1994]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.aixenprovence.fr/Ashkelon-ISRAEL | titulus=Ashkelon (ISRAEL) | domus editoria= aixenprovence.fr}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Germania}} [[Pancovium]], [[Germania]] (Ab anno [[1994]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.berlin.de/ba-pankow/ueber-den-bezirk/staedtepartner/artikel.1535473.en.php | titulus = City Partnerships | domus editoria= Bezirksamt Pankow}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url=https://pankow-ashkelon.org/en/about-us | titulus= About Us | domus editoria= Freundeskreis Berlin Pankow-Ashkelon}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Portlandia (Oregonia)|Portlandia]], [[Oregonia]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[1987]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.studycountry.com/wiki/what-is-portland-oregon-sister-city | titulus=What is Portland Oregon sister city? | domus editoria= studycountry.com}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Baltimora (Terra Mariae)|Baltimora]], [[Terra Mariae]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[2003]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://baltimorefishbowl.com/stories/baltimores-awkward-relationship-sister-cities/ |domus editoria= Baltimore Fish Bowl | titulus=Baltimore’s Awkward Relationship with Our Sister Cities |nomen auctoris=Rachel | cognomen auctoris=Monroe | tempus=22-04-2014}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.jewishtimes.com/baltimore-ashkelon-partnership-supports-israeli-city-after-rocket-strikes/ | titulus= Baltimore-Ashkelon Partnership Supports Israeli City After Rocket Strikes | nomen auctoris=Jillian |cognomen auctoris=Diamond | tempus=24-05-2023 | domus editoria=Jewish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Opus |url=https://associated.org/stories/the-baltimore-ashkelon-partnership-celebrating-20-years/ | titulus=The Baltimore-Ashkelon Partnership: Celebrating 20 Years | domus editoria= The Associated Jewish Federation in Baltimore}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Sacramentum (California)|Sacramentum]], [[California]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[2012]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/after-battle-sacramento-okays-sisterhood-with-ashkelon/ | domus editoria= Times of Israel | titulus= After battle, Sacramento okays sisterhood with Ashkelon | nomen auctoris= Joshua | cognomen auctoris= Davidovich | tempus=15-08-2012}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/sumy-ukraine-becomes-sacramentos-latest-sister-city/ | titulus=Sumy, Ukraine becomes Sacramento's latest Sister City | domus editoria= CBS News | nomen auctoris=Cecilio | cognomen auctoris= Padilla| tempus=29-06-2023}} “Eleven other cities have been named Sister Cities with Sacramento … Ashkelon, Israel”</ref><ref>{{Opus |url=https://jweekly.com/2012/08/17/its-unanimous-sacramento-ashkelon-now-sister-cities/ | domus editoria= Jewish Weekly | titulus= Its unanimous: Sacramento, Ashkelon now sister cities | nomen auctoris= Emma | cognomen auctoris=Silvers |tempus=17-08-2012}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Polonia}} [[Sopot (Polonia)|Sopot]], [[Polonia]] (ab anno [[1993]] ad annum [[2025]])<ref>{{Opus | titulus= Sopot pierwszym samorządem w Polsce, który zerwał partnerstwo z izraelskim miastem. Zdecydowali o tym radni | url= https://trojmiasto.wyborcza.pl/trojmiasto/7,35612,32429747,sopot-pierwszy-w-polsce-zerwal-partnerstwo-z-izraelskim-miastem.html | tempus=27-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= Maciej | cognomen auctoris= Pietrzak | domus editoria= wyborcza.pl}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= הלחץ הפרו-פלסטיני הכריע 30 שנות יחסים: בוטל הסכם "ערים תאומות" בין אשקלון לסופוט | url= https://www.maariv.co.il/news/world/article-1257675 | tempus=01-12-2025 | nomen auctoris= דן | cognomen auctoris= עזרא | domus editoria= מעריב}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= "בגלל רצח העם בעזה": עיירת נופש בפולין ביטלה ברית ערים תאומות עם אשקלון | url= https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/r1ucjukbbx | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris 1= איתמר | cognomen auctoris 1= אייכנר | domus editoria= ynet | nomen auctoris 2= רוני | cognomen auctoris 2= גרין שאולוב}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= לאחר 32 שנים: בוטלה שותפות עיר תאומה עם אשקלון בגלל "רצח עם בעזה" | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/99197 | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= דוד | cognomen auctoris= לוי | domus editoria= כאן חדשות דרום אשקלון}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= "רצח עם": העיר באירופה שביטלה הסכם ערים עם אשקלון | url= https://www.i24news.tv/he/news/international/europe/artc-30d542eb | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= מעיין | cognomen auctoris= רפאל | domus editoria= i24}}.</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Ucraina}} [[Uman]], [[Regio Circassiensis]], [[Ucraina]] (ab anno [[2010]])<ref>{{Opus|url=https://uman-rada.gov.ua/index.php/mizhnarodni-zviazky | domus editoria=Уманська міська рада Виконавчий комітет | titulus=Міжнародні зв'язки}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|India}} [[Vadodara]], [[Guzarata]], [[India]] (ab anno [[2017]])<ref>{{Opus | url = https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/municipality/10841 | titulus= אשקלון-בארודה ערים תאומות: ראש הממשלה מברך| domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | nomen auctoris= ג'ני | cognomen auctoris= פרנקל שלום | tempus= 8-12-2017 15:13 }}</ref><ref>{{Opus| url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/11526 | titulus= העירייה: כ-2,000 משתתפים בפסטיבל הודו באשקלון | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון| nomen auctoris= אלירם | cognomen auctoris= משה | tempus= 20-12-2017 12:07 }}</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Nexus interni == * [[Ascalon (urbs antiqua)]] * [[Israël]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Ashkelon|Ascalonam}} {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Israel]] [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae]] [[Categoria:Urbes Israelis]] d4nbxjmt104cldlrc8mvjmvte1bjuii 3959132 3959131 2026-05-11T12:41:47Z Archaeocursor 206441 /* Ascalon praehistorica */ 3959132 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Adumbratio}}</noinclude>{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:93439_marina_ashkelon_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg|thumb]] {{res|Ascalon}} ([[Hebraice]] אַשְׁקְלוֹן) est [[urbs]] in [[Israël]]e sita. Quae urbs primum condita esse abhinc annorum decem milia dicitur. [[Portus|Portum]] habebat, unde [[merx|merces]] et inferebantur et exportabantur.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = "העבר של אשקלון הוא הנשמה שלה, ועדות לכל מה שהיא מסמלת" | lingua = he | domus editoria = The Marker | url = https://www.themarker.com/labels/ashkelon/2022-09-22/ty-article-labels/00000183-6525-dd85-a9f3-67bfe3d00000 }}.</ref> Ascalon una ex quinque urbibus [[Philistaei|Philistaeorum]] est quae in [[Liber Iosue|libro Iosue]] 13:3 memorantur.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Ascalon | domus editoria = New Advent | url = https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01766b.htm }}.</ref> Urbs autem hodierna anno [[1948]] condita est.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = היסטוריה ותרבות באשקלון – כשישן וחדש נפגשים | domus editoria = אלדן | url = https://www.eldan.co.il/magazine/carrental/rentcarashkelon/history-ashkelon# }}.</ref> Anno [[2020]] circiter 146&thinsp;500 homines ibi habitabant.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = אשקלון | lingua = he | domus editoria = הלשקה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה | url = https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/doclib/2022/local_authorities20_1879/58_7100.pdf }}.</ref> == Historia == === Ascalon praehistorica === Ascalon [[Neolithicum|Neolithica]] criciter centum metra a mari aberat et 15-20 metra supra maris aequor sita erat.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/27926432 | titulus= A Late Neolithic Site near Ashkelon | nomen auctoris 1= Jean | cognomen auctoris 1= Perrot | nomen auctoris 2= Avi | cognomen auctoris 2= Gopher | domus editoria = Israel Exploration Journal | volumen= 46 | paginae= 145-166 | annus = 1996}}</ref> === Historia antiqua === {{Paginae principales|Ascalon (urbs antiqua)}} [[Fasciculus:Ashkelon – The Canaanite city gate and ramparts.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Ascalonis Chananaeae porta.]] Urbs [[Chanaan|Chananaea]] [[Saeculum 20 a.C.n.|saeculo vicensimo a.C.n.]] condita est, longitudine 1100 metrorum et latitudine 600 metrorum, moenibus quindecim metra altis circumdata.<ref name="BibleWalks">{{Opus | titulus = Tel Ashkelon | domus editoria = Bible Walks | url = https://www.biblewalks.com/ashkelon/ }}.</ref> Primum memorantur Ascalon in textibus execrationis [[Aegyptus|Aegyptiis]] quae ad {{Creanda|en|Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt|Domus Aegypti 11|undecimam dynastiam}} referuntur, et per dynastias {{Creanda|en|Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Domus Aegypti 18|XVIII}} ad XX fortasse urbs Chananaea Aegyptiorum imperio subiecta erat. Anno [[1280 a.C.n.]], frustra Ascalon contra [[Rhamses II|Ramsem II]] rebellavit. Anno [[1229 a.C.n.]], urbs ab [[Amenephthis|Amenephthe]] [[Pharao]]ne rursus capta est.<ref name="JewishLibrary">{{Opus | titulus = Ashkelon | domus editoria = Jewish Virtual Library | url = https://jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ashkelon }}.</ref> Ascalon a [[Tribus Iudae|tribu Iudae]] capta est:<ref name="BibleWalks"/> <blockquote>Cepitque Iudas [[Gaza]]m cum finibus suis et Ascalonem atque Accaron cum terminis suis. (Iudicum 1:18).<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_iudicum_lt.html | titulus= Nova Vulgata LIBER IUDICUM | domus editoria= Vatican}}.</ref></blockquote> [[Saeculum 12 a.C.n.|Saeculo duodecimo a.C.n.]], urbs a [[Philistae]]is capta est. Ascalon saepe in [[narratio]]nibus de [[Samson]]e in [[Biblia|Bibliis]] commemoratur. Quae urbs tempore {{Creanda|en|Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|Regnum Israeliticum (monarchia unita)|monarchiae Israeliticae}} adhuc erat Philistaeorum una ex praecipuis urbibus.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Saul (Rex)|Saul]], Israëlis Rex primus, Philistinos Philistinos vicit et multas urbes cepit. Rex ipse in proelio cecidit, [[David]]que lugens eos versiculos recitavit:<ref name="BibleWalks"/> <blockquote>Incliti, o Israel, super montes tuos interfecti, quomodo ceciderunt fortes! Nolite annuntiare in Geth neque annuntietis in compitis Ascalonis, ne forte laetentur filiae Philisthim, ne exsultent filiae incircumcisorum. (II Samuelis 1:19-20),<ref>{{opus |titulus=Nova Vulgata LIBER SECUNDUS SAMUELIS |domus editoria= Vatican | url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_ii-samuelis_lt.html}}.</ref></blockquote> Ascalonem punitum iri preaedixerunt prophetae [[Ieremias]], [[Amos (propheta)|Amos]], [[Sophonias]], et [[Zacharias (propheta)|Zacharias]].<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Saeculum 18 a.C.n.|Saeculo duodevicensimo a.C.n.]] a regno Ascalonis multas terras a regno expugnavit [[Assyria]], et Anno [[734 a.C.n.]] urbs a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Tiglatpileser III|Tiglatpilesero III|en|qid=Q210074}} capta est. Anno [[732 a.C.n.]] Rex Ascalonis frustra contra Assyrios rebellavit, propter quod urbs graviter punita est. [[Rex Sidqia]] postea participavit in alia rebellione contra Assyriam, duce [[Ezechias|Ezechia]]. Apud [[Sennacherib]], urbes Sidqiae prope [[Iappa|Iappam]] captae sunt, et Ascalon ipse se dedidit, cuius rex exsulatus est. Tributum quod Ascalon reddidit in inscriptionibus principum Esarhaddon et Assurbanipal memoratur, qui urbem fine [[Saeculum 7 a.C.n.|saeculi 7]] et initio [[Saeculum 6 a.C.n.|sexto a.C.n.]] ad [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegyptum]] pugnandum adhibuit. De calamitatibus quas urbs sufferebat scripserunt prophetae biblici.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> Cum imperium Assyriorum caderet, Aegyptus urbem occupavit. Anno [[604 a.C.n.]], Ascalon a [[Nabuchodonosor II|Nabuchodonosore]] deleta est, qui multos cives urbis exsulavit, quo facto sexcentorum annorum praesentiae Philistaeorum in Israele finis impositus est. Munitiones Ascalonis post Babylonicam excidionem non reaedificatae sunt.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/><ref name="BibleWalks"/> Sub [[Imperium Achaemenidarum|imperio Persarum]], quod Ascalonem a Babyloniis cepit, Iudaeis [[Ierusalem]] redire licuit, sed Ascalon tum pars provinciae Iudaeae non fuit. In Ascalone ceterisque urbibus Philistaeorum, habitabant [[Phoenices]], et ipsa Ascalon [[Tyros|Tyriorum]] dicioni parebat. Id urbi magnas divitias attulit. [[Archaeologus|Archaeologi]] in Ascalone magnum [[Ascalonis Canum Coemeterium|canum coemeterium]] invenerunt, quod ad ritum Phoenicum pertinebat. In eo coemeterio plus quam mille [[Canis|canes]] erant.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandro Magno]] Ascalon se anno [[332 a.C.n.]] dedit, neque, ut [[Gaza]], laesa est.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Post divisionem imperii [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandri]], Ascalon in [[Regnum Ptolemaicum|regno Ptolemaico]] erat, et urbs sui iuris facta est. Tum [[Iudaei]] in Ascalone [[floruit|floruerunt]]. Urbs deinde ab [[Antiochus III|Antiocho III]] capta sedes [[Cultura Graeca|culturae Graecae]] magni momenti facta est. Propter imminutam potentiam [[Seleucidae|Seleucidarum]], Anno [[104 a.C.n.]] Ascalon rursus in [[libertas|libertatem]] se recepit. Reges {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Hyrcanus|Ioannes Hyrcanus|en|he|qid=Q319043}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Alexander Jannaeus|Alexander Jannaeus|en|he|qid=Q319107}} ex [[Hasmonaei|genere Hasmonaeorum]] urbem capere frustra conati sunt.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Fasciculus:Ask NTL PARK.jpg|thumb|Columnae Romanae in Saepto Nationali Ascalonis.]] [[Imperium Romanum|Aetate Romana]], Colonia Ascalonensis liberate et foederata fuit. In urbe [[Paganismus|pagani]] [[Apollo|Apollinem]], [[Hercules|Herculem]], et [[Atargatis|Atargatidem]] venerati sunt, deam facie et parte superiore corporis muliebri, parte inferiore corporis et cauda piscis. [[Herodes Magnus|Herodes]], quamquam urbem non regebat, fora tamen ibi atque balnea publica hortosque exstruxit, fortasse quod ibi natus erat. In [[Primum Bellum Iudaicum|primo bello Iudaico]], Ascalon Iudaeos aggressus, victor exiit.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> Tempore [[Misna]] et [[Talmud]], [[Iudaei]] in urbe degere soliti sunt, quarum [[Synagoga|synagogas]] [[Synagoga|archeologi]] invenerunt. In Talmude de [[Arbustum|pomariis]], quae reditus e [[Babylonia]] prope Ascalonem fundaverunt, legitur.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Aetas Byzantina|Aetate Byzantina]], urbs [[Religio Christiana|Christiana]] facta est. Ascalon sedes commercii [[vinum|vini]] optimi et [[frumentum|frumenti]] erat.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Vinum]] ex Ascalone illo tempore in [[Anglia]] repertum est.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://cbnisrael.org/2024/10/15/biblical-israel-ashkelon-4/ | titulus= Biblical Israel: Ashkelon | cognomen auctoris= Turnage | nomen auctoris= Marc | tempus=15-10-2024 | domus editoria=CBN Israel}}.</ref> === Medium Aevum === Anno [[637]] Ascalon ab Arabibus capta atque deleta est. Anno [[685]] urbs restituta est, in qua iam et [[Christianus|Christiani]] et [[Iudaei]] et [[Samaritani]] et [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]] habitabant. Inter religiones interdum erant conflictus, propter quos ecclesia in urbe anno [[937]] combusta est.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Fasciculus:Battle of Ascalon-engraving.jpg | thumb | Pugna Ascalonis]] Cum [[Regnum Hierosolymitanum]] a [[Expeditio sacra|crucesignatis]] conditum esset, urbs inter Christianos et Musulmanos finis facta est. Diu exercitus circa urbem pugnaverunt, et anno [[1099]] [[Pugna Ascalonis|pugna Ascalonis]] committeretur. Crucesignati Ascalonem aliquandiu teneuerunt, deinde ad [[Oriens|orientem]] se receperunt. Ab anno [[1101]] ad annum [[1114]] Aegyptii terram sanctam capere conabantur, dum duus exercitus circa urbem saepissime puganabant. Anno [[1125]] Rex [[Balduinus II (rex Hierosolymitanus)|Balduinus II]] Ascalonem capere frustra conatus est, anno autem [[1154]] [[Balduinus III (rex Hierosolymitanus)|Balduinus III]] successit. Urbs crucesignatis magni momenti fuit; anno autem [[1187]], [[4 Septembris|quarto die mensis Septembris]], a [[Saladinus|Saladino]] capta est, qui castella, ne Christiani eis uterentur, delevit.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Anno [[1191]], [[Ricardus I (rex Angliae)|Rex Ricardus I]] Ascalonem recepit atque muros aedificavit, quos Arabes rursus deleverunt. Anno [[1240]], [[Ricardus (comes Cornubiae)|Ricardus comes Cornubiae]] urbem iterum munivit. Anno autem [[1247]], [[Ayyubidae]] urbem ceperunt. Anno [[1270]], urbs a [[Mamluci|Mamlucis]] capta atque deleta est, nec Crucesignati eam rursus condiderunt. Dua [[oppidum|oppida]] Arabum, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Magdala||he|qid=Q132129150}} et Iagur, prope Ascalonem antiquam condita sunt, in quibus homines ex Aegypto vivebant.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Ascalonis propter excidionem, Magdala magni momenti facta est.<ref>{{Opus | titulus= אשקלון - שכונת מגדל העברית | url= https://shimur.org/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%93%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA/ | domus editoria= מועצה לשימור אתרי מורשת בישראל | nomen auctoris 1= גד | cognomen auctoris 1= סובול | nomen auctoris 2= אבי | cognomen auctoris 2= ששון | tempus= 01-10-2008}}</ref> === Aetas Turcica ac Britannica === === Aetas Israelita === Die [[5 Novembris]] anno [[1948]], locus ab [[Israel|Israele]] captus est. Urbs primum [[Lingua Hebraica|Hebraice]] vocatus est “Migdal Aza”, postea “Migdal Gad”, anno tandem [[1951]] “Migdal Aškelon”. Anno [[1955]], urbs Migal Aškelon et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Afridar||he|qid=Q6632325}}, qui prope eam erat, in unum coniunctae sunt, et urbs una vocatur Ascalon.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/18231 | titulus= 70 שנה: 70 אירועים ודמויות מתולדות אשקלון | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | tempus= 19-04-2018 00:14 | nomen auctoris 1= ג'ני | cognomen auctoris 1= פרנקל שלום | nomen auctoris 2=גייל | cognomen auctoris 2= מיכאלי | nomen auctoris 3= אורי| cognomen auctoris 3= קריספין| nomen auctoris 4=דוד | cognomen auctoris 4= לוי}}</ref> == Demographia == Anno [[2023]], 86.1 centesimae hominum qui in Ascalone vivebant [[Iudaei]] erant, 0.4 centesimae [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]], et 13.5 centesimae alias [[Religio|religiones]] profitebantur.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2026/local_authorities23/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F.pdf | titulus= הרשויות המקומיות ישראל 2023 אשקלון | domus editoria= הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה }}.</ref> == Monumenta == === Saeptum Nationale Ascalonense === [[Fasciculus:Mosaic floor at Ashkelon.jpg |thumb|upright=0.8|[[Opus tessellatum]] in Saepto Nationali Ascalonense]] Ubi fuit urbs antiqua hodie est [[Saeptum Nationale Ascalonense]],<ref name="placesToVisit"/> quod anno [[1964]] primum [[saeptum nationale]] in Israele designatum est.<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/mobile/0,7340,L-2124593,00.html | titulus= הגן הלאומי באשקלון | nomen auctoris= בועז | cognomen auctoris= כרמל | tempus= 26-09-2002 10:59 | domus editoria= ynet }}.</ref> Muri, qui urbem circumdederunt, in eo loco quoque hodie sunt. Saeptum [[hortus|hortum]] multis [[statua|statuis]] Romanis ornatum habet.<ref name="placesToVisit">{{Opus | url= https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Ashkelon.html#Ashkelon | titulus= Ashkelon & Surroundings PLACES TO VISIT | domus editoria=Jewish Virtual Library}}.</ref> Altitudo vallis Chananaeae est 15 metra, latitudo 30 metra, longitudo 2200 metra.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.mako.co.il/travel-israel/magazine-themostbeautifulcities/Article-78f8f49c8c26371026.htm | domus editoria= mako | titulus= חופש הערים הכי יפות בארץ. מה יש לעשות באשקלון| tempus=19-05-2021}}.</ref> In saepto est basilica Romana, quam [[archeologus|archaeologi]] ab [[Herodes Magnus|Herode]] conditam esse putant,<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/2000-year-old-basilica-unearthed-in-ashkelon-669665 |titulus=2,000-year-old basilica unearthed in Ashkelon | nomen auctoris=Rosella | cognomen auctoris=Tercatin | domus editoria=Jerusalem Post | tempus=31-05-2021 19:25}}.</ref> et maximum in orbe terrarum canum coemeterium.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/mobile/0,7340,L-5047211,00.html | titulus=תעלומת בית הקברות לכלבים הגדול בעולם שהתגלה באשקלון | nomen auctoris= אסף| cognomen auctoris= קמר| tempus= 25-11-2017 07:59 | domus editoria= ynet}}.</ref> Anno [[2024]] Saeptum quintum in popularitate in Israele fuit; anno autem [[2025]] secundum.<ref>{{Opus | titulus= גם ב-2025 – זה אתר הטיולים הפופולרי בישראל | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/vacation/israeltrips/article/rjp9q7egwl | nomen auctoris= אסף| cognomen auctoris= רוזן| domus editoria=ynet | tempus= 08-12-2025 15:00 }}.</ref> Multa animalia quoquoe in hoc loco vivunt. [[Dendrocopos syriacus]], [[Upapa]], et [[Psittacula krameri]] in cavis arborum [[Tamarix|tamaricis]] veterum nidificant; [[Prinia gracilis]], [[Burhinus]], [[Passer hispaniolensis]], et [[Lanius nubicus]] in campis. [[Jynx torquilla]] et [[Luscinia svecica]] hieme in saepto inveniuntur. [[Laudakia stellio]], [[Vulpes vulpes]], [[Gazella gazella gazella]], [[Herpestes]], et [[Caretta caretta]] quoque invenientur in hoc loco.<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/environment-science/article/skv5vvbsn | titulus= מחרדונים ועד נמיות: הצצה לעולם החי הקסום בגן הלאומי תל אשקלון | domus editoria= ynet | tempus= 28-07-2023 16:28}}.</ref> === Monumentum in honorem caesorum in bellis Israel === [[Fasciculus:Lanoflim Askelon 11.jpg | thumb |upright=0.8|[[Monumentum]] in honorem caesorum in bellis Israeliensibus.]] {{Creanda|he|אנדרטה לנופלים (אשקלון) | Monumentum in honorem caesorum in bellis Israel}} in prato herboso est ante [[Curia municipalis|curiam municipalem]]. Elementum sculptile compositum virtutem et bellum significat. Parietes aedificii sexanguli tabulas marmoris nigras constant, in quibus inscripta sunt nomina caesorum. In parite contra inscriptum est “Aeternum vobis gratias agimus. De gerenatione in generationem gloriam eorum narrabimus.”<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.izkor.gov.il/monument/en_d9b0257bc0e71a1983f1ec8d7e8bde66/ | titulus= אנדרטה לנופלים במערכות ישראל. אשקלון| domus editoria= יזכור }}.</ref> ===Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis=== [[Fasciculus:מרינה אשקלון.PNG | thumb |upright=0.8|Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis.]] {{Creanda|he| מרינה אשקלון | Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis}}, anno [[1991]] conditus, locus est ad navigia velifera et [[Navis lusoria |naves lusorias]] ancorandas, et multasque [[Popina sellariola| popinas sellariolas]] habet.<ref>{{Opus| url= https://baliletayel.co.il/atraction/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%9E/ | titulus= המרינה של אשקלון – טיילת אטרקטיבית לצד מעגן סירות | domus editoria= בא לי לטייל}}.</ref> Portus, qui plerumque ad oblectamentum destinatur, in {{Creanda| en| Twelve-Day War |bello contra Iraniam}} magni momenti factus est. Homines eo usi sunt ut via ad Israëlem ingrediendum et ex eo egrediendum esset, cum [[aeroportus]] clausus esset.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/95583 | titulus= מי היה מאמין? זה התפקיד של המרינה באשקלון במלחמה עם איראן | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | tempus= 18-06-2025 15:22}}.</ref> Porum visitant non modo qui in Ascalone habitant, sed quoque in [[Berosaba]], [[Azotus|Azoto]], [[Kiriat-Gat]], et aliis urbibus.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.israelhayom.co.il/travel/tourism-news/article/19966651 | titulus= שעה מתל אביב: מתחם הבילוי שעבר מהפך - וכולם נוהרים אליו | nomen auctoris= ליאת | cognomen auctoris= מופז מילצ'ן | tempus= 23-02-2026 19:40 | domus editoria= ישראל היום}}.</ref> == Urbes geminae == * {{Vexillum icon|Canada}} [[Côte Saint-Luc]], [[Quebecum]], [[Canada]] (ab anno [[1975]])<ref>{{opus | url=https://cotesaintluc.org/en/the-city/about-csl/ | titulus=About CSL | domus editoria= cotesaintluc.org}}</ref><ref>{{opus | url=https://www.bnaibrith.ca/advocacy/jewish-heritage-month/jhm-cote-saint-luc/ | titulus=JEWISH HERITAGE MONTH PARTNER: COTE SAINT LUC, QUEBEC | domus editoria= Bnai Brith Canada}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Ruthenia Alba}} [[Grodna]], [[Ruthenia Alba]] (ab anno [[2011]])<ref>{{Opus | tempus= 23-02-2011 | url= https://ashkelon.news/article/9023 |titulus= עוד עיר תאומה ברית ערים תאומות נחתמה בין העיר אשקלון לגרודנו (בלרוס). רה"ע של גרודנו קוזלקוב בוריס הגיע לאשקלון עם אנשי עסקים המעוניינים ליצור קשרי מסחר | domus editoria= ashkelon.news}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | tempus= 2011-03-01 13:16 | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402150430/https://news.tut.by/society/216834.html | titulus= Израильский город Ашкелон стал двенадцатым городом-побратимом Гродно | domus editoria=news.tut.by}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Francia}} [[Aquae Sextiae]], [[Francia]] (ab anno [[1994]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.aixenprovence.fr/Ashkelon-ISRAEL | titulus=Ashkelon (ISRAEL) | domus editoria= aixenprovence.fr}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Germania}} [[Pancovium]], [[Germania]] (Ab anno [[1994]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.berlin.de/ba-pankow/ueber-den-bezirk/staedtepartner/artikel.1535473.en.php | titulus = City Partnerships | domus editoria= Bezirksamt Pankow}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url=https://pankow-ashkelon.org/en/about-us | titulus= About Us | domus editoria= Freundeskreis Berlin Pankow-Ashkelon}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Portlandia (Oregonia)|Portlandia]], [[Oregonia]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[1987]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.studycountry.com/wiki/what-is-portland-oregon-sister-city | titulus=What is Portland Oregon sister city? | domus editoria= studycountry.com}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Baltimora (Terra Mariae)|Baltimora]], [[Terra Mariae]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[2003]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://baltimorefishbowl.com/stories/baltimores-awkward-relationship-sister-cities/ |domus editoria= Baltimore Fish Bowl | titulus=Baltimore’s Awkward Relationship with Our Sister Cities |nomen auctoris=Rachel | cognomen auctoris=Monroe | tempus=22-04-2014}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.jewishtimes.com/baltimore-ashkelon-partnership-supports-israeli-city-after-rocket-strikes/ | titulus= Baltimore-Ashkelon Partnership Supports Israeli City After Rocket Strikes | nomen auctoris=Jillian |cognomen auctoris=Diamond | tempus=24-05-2023 | domus editoria=Jewish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Opus |url=https://associated.org/stories/the-baltimore-ashkelon-partnership-celebrating-20-years/ | titulus=The Baltimore-Ashkelon Partnership: Celebrating 20 Years | domus editoria= The Associated Jewish Federation in Baltimore}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Sacramentum (California)|Sacramentum]], [[California]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[2012]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/after-battle-sacramento-okays-sisterhood-with-ashkelon/ | domus editoria= Times of Israel | titulus= After battle, Sacramento okays sisterhood with Ashkelon | nomen auctoris= Joshua | cognomen auctoris= Davidovich | tempus=15-08-2012}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/sumy-ukraine-becomes-sacramentos-latest-sister-city/ | titulus=Sumy, Ukraine becomes Sacramento's latest Sister City | domus editoria= CBS News | nomen auctoris=Cecilio | cognomen auctoris= Padilla| tempus=29-06-2023}} “Eleven other cities have been named Sister Cities with Sacramento … Ashkelon, Israel”</ref><ref>{{Opus |url=https://jweekly.com/2012/08/17/its-unanimous-sacramento-ashkelon-now-sister-cities/ | domus editoria= Jewish Weekly | titulus= Its unanimous: Sacramento, Ashkelon now sister cities | nomen auctoris= Emma | cognomen auctoris=Silvers |tempus=17-08-2012}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Polonia}} [[Sopot (Polonia)|Sopot]], [[Polonia]] (ab anno [[1993]] ad annum [[2025]])<ref>{{Opus | titulus= Sopot pierwszym samorządem w Polsce, który zerwał partnerstwo z izraelskim miastem. Zdecydowali o tym radni | url= https://trojmiasto.wyborcza.pl/trojmiasto/7,35612,32429747,sopot-pierwszy-w-polsce-zerwal-partnerstwo-z-izraelskim-miastem.html | tempus=27-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= Maciej | cognomen auctoris= Pietrzak | domus editoria= wyborcza.pl}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= הלחץ הפרו-פלסטיני הכריע 30 שנות יחסים: בוטל הסכם "ערים תאומות" בין אשקלון לסופוט | url= https://www.maariv.co.il/news/world/article-1257675 | tempus=01-12-2025 | nomen auctoris= דן | cognomen auctoris= עזרא | domus editoria= מעריב}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= "בגלל רצח העם בעזה": עיירת נופש בפולין ביטלה ברית ערים תאומות עם אשקלון | url= https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/r1ucjukbbx | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris 1= איתמר | cognomen auctoris 1= אייכנר | domus editoria= ynet | nomen auctoris 2= רוני | cognomen auctoris 2= גרין שאולוב}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= לאחר 32 שנים: בוטלה שותפות עיר תאומה עם אשקלון בגלל "רצח עם בעזה" | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/99197 | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= דוד | cognomen auctoris= לוי | domus editoria= כאן חדשות דרום אשקלון}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= "רצח עם": העיר באירופה שביטלה הסכם ערים עם אשקלון | url= https://www.i24news.tv/he/news/international/europe/artc-30d542eb | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= מעיין | cognomen auctoris= רפאל | domus editoria= i24}}.</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Ucraina}} [[Uman]], [[Regio Circassiensis]], [[Ucraina]] (ab anno [[2010]])<ref>{{Opus|url=https://uman-rada.gov.ua/index.php/mizhnarodni-zviazky | domus editoria=Уманська міська рада Виконавчий комітет | titulus=Міжнародні зв'язки}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|India}} [[Vadodara]], [[Guzarata]], [[India]] (ab anno [[2017]])<ref>{{Opus | url = https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/municipality/10841 | titulus= אשקלון-בארודה ערים תאומות: ראש הממשלה מברך| domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | nomen auctoris= ג'ני | cognomen auctoris= פרנקל שלום | tempus= 8-12-2017 15:13 }}</ref><ref>{{Opus| url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/11526 | titulus= העירייה: כ-2,000 משתתפים בפסטיבל הודו באשקלון | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון| nomen auctoris= אלירם | cognomen auctoris= משה | tempus= 20-12-2017 12:07 }}</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Nexus interni == * [[Ascalon (urbs antiqua)]] * [[Israël]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Ashkelon|Ascalonam}} {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Israel]] [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae]] [[Categoria:Urbes Israelis]] 0ql4gnek3dq3kn8loodnkrmid6ganwh 3959133 3959132 2026-05-11T12:42:38Z Archaeocursor 206441 /* Ascalon praehistorica */ 3959133 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Adumbratio}}</noinclude>{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:93439_marina_ashkelon_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg|thumb]] {{res|Ascalon}} ([[Hebraice]] אַשְׁקְלוֹן) est [[urbs]] in [[Israël]]e sita. Quae urbs primum condita esse abhinc annorum decem milia dicitur. [[Portus|Portum]] habebat, unde [[merx|merces]] et inferebantur et exportabantur.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = "העבר של אשקלון הוא הנשמה שלה, ועדות לכל מה שהיא מסמלת" | lingua = he | domus editoria = The Marker | url = https://www.themarker.com/labels/ashkelon/2022-09-22/ty-article-labels/00000183-6525-dd85-a9f3-67bfe3d00000 }}.</ref> Ascalon una ex quinque urbibus [[Philistaei|Philistaeorum]] est quae in [[Liber Iosue|libro Iosue]] 13:3 memorantur.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Ascalon | domus editoria = New Advent | url = https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01766b.htm }}.</ref> Urbs autem hodierna anno [[1948]] condita est.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = היסטוריה ותרבות באשקלון – כשישן וחדש נפגשים | domus editoria = אלדן | url = https://www.eldan.co.il/magazine/carrental/rentcarashkelon/history-ashkelon# }}.</ref> Anno [[2020]] circiter 146&thinsp;500 homines ibi habitabant.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = אשקלון | lingua = he | domus editoria = הלשקה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה | url = https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/doclib/2022/local_authorities20_1879/58_7100.pdf }}.</ref> == Historia == === Ascalon praehistorica === Ascalon [[Neolithicum|Neolithica]] criciter centum metra a mari aberat et 15-20 metra supra [[maris aequor]] sita erat.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/27926432 | titulus= A Late Neolithic Site near Ashkelon | nomen auctoris 1= Jean | cognomen auctoris 1= Perrot | nomen auctoris 2= Avi | cognomen auctoris 2= Gopher | domus editoria = Israel Exploration Journal | volumen= 46 | paginae= 145-166 | annus = 1996}}</ref> === Historia antiqua === {{Paginae principales|Ascalon (urbs antiqua)}} [[Fasciculus:Ashkelon – The Canaanite city gate and ramparts.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Ascalonis Chananaeae porta.]] Urbs [[Chanaan|Chananaea]] [[Saeculum 20 a.C.n.|saeculo vicensimo a.C.n.]] condita est, longitudine 1100 metrorum et latitudine 600 metrorum, moenibus quindecim metra altis circumdata.<ref name="BibleWalks">{{Opus | titulus = Tel Ashkelon | domus editoria = Bible Walks | url = https://www.biblewalks.com/ashkelon/ }}.</ref> Primum memorantur Ascalon in textibus execrationis [[Aegyptus|Aegyptiis]] quae ad {{Creanda|en|Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt|Domus Aegypti 11|undecimam dynastiam}} referuntur, et per dynastias {{Creanda|en|Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Domus Aegypti 18|XVIII}} ad XX fortasse urbs Chananaea Aegyptiorum imperio subiecta erat. Anno [[1280 a.C.n.]], frustra Ascalon contra [[Rhamses II|Ramsem II]] rebellavit. Anno [[1229 a.C.n.]], urbs ab [[Amenephthis|Amenephthe]] [[Pharao]]ne rursus capta est.<ref name="JewishLibrary">{{Opus | titulus = Ashkelon | domus editoria = Jewish Virtual Library | url = https://jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ashkelon }}.</ref> Ascalon a [[Tribus Iudae|tribu Iudae]] capta est:<ref name="BibleWalks"/> <blockquote>Cepitque Iudas [[Gaza]]m cum finibus suis et Ascalonem atque Accaron cum terminis suis. (Iudicum 1:18).<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_iudicum_lt.html | titulus= Nova Vulgata LIBER IUDICUM | domus editoria= Vatican}}.</ref></blockquote> [[Saeculum 12 a.C.n.|Saeculo duodecimo a.C.n.]], urbs a [[Philistae]]is capta est. Ascalon saepe in [[narratio]]nibus de [[Samson]]e in [[Biblia|Bibliis]] commemoratur. Quae urbs tempore {{Creanda|en|Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|Regnum Israeliticum (monarchia unita)|monarchiae Israeliticae}} adhuc erat Philistaeorum una ex praecipuis urbibus.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Saul (Rex)|Saul]], Israëlis Rex primus, Philistinos Philistinos vicit et multas urbes cepit. Rex ipse in proelio cecidit, [[David]]que lugens eos versiculos recitavit:<ref name="BibleWalks"/> <blockquote>Incliti, o Israel, super montes tuos interfecti, quomodo ceciderunt fortes! Nolite annuntiare in Geth neque annuntietis in compitis Ascalonis, ne forte laetentur filiae Philisthim, ne exsultent filiae incircumcisorum. (II Samuelis 1:19-20),<ref>{{opus |titulus=Nova Vulgata LIBER SECUNDUS SAMUELIS |domus editoria= Vatican | url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_ii-samuelis_lt.html}}.</ref></blockquote> Ascalonem punitum iri preaedixerunt prophetae [[Ieremias]], [[Amos (propheta)|Amos]], [[Sophonias]], et [[Zacharias (propheta)|Zacharias]].<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Saeculum 18 a.C.n.|Saeculo duodevicensimo a.C.n.]] a regno Ascalonis multas terras a regno expugnavit [[Assyria]], et Anno [[734 a.C.n.]] urbs a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Tiglatpileser III|Tiglatpilesero III|en|qid=Q210074}} capta est. Anno [[732 a.C.n.]] Rex Ascalonis frustra contra Assyrios rebellavit, propter quod urbs graviter punita est. [[Rex Sidqia]] postea participavit in alia rebellione contra Assyriam, duce [[Ezechias|Ezechia]]. Apud [[Sennacherib]], urbes Sidqiae prope [[Iappa|Iappam]] captae sunt, et Ascalon ipse se dedidit, cuius rex exsulatus est. Tributum quod Ascalon reddidit in inscriptionibus principum Esarhaddon et Assurbanipal memoratur, qui urbem fine [[Saeculum 7 a.C.n.|saeculi 7]] et initio [[Saeculum 6 a.C.n.|sexto a.C.n.]] ad [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegyptum]] pugnandum adhibuit. De calamitatibus quas urbs sufferebat scripserunt prophetae biblici.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> Cum imperium Assyriorum caderet, Aegyptus urbem occupavit. Anno [[604 a.C.n.]], Ascalon a [[Nabuchodonosor II|Nabuchodonosore]] deleta est, qui multos cives urbis exsulavit, quo facto sexcentorum annorum praesentiae Philistaeorum in Israele finis impositus est. Munitiones Ascalonis post Babylonicam excidionem non reaedificatae sunt.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/><ref name="BibleWalks"/> Sub [[Imperium Achaemenidarum|imperio Persarum]], quod Ascalonem a Babyloniis cepit, Iudaeis [[Ierusalem]] redire licuit, sed Ascalon tum pars provinciae Iudaeae non fuit. In Ascalone ceterisque urbibus Philistaeorum, habitabant [[Phoenices]], et ipsa Ascalon [[Tyros|Tyriorum]] dicioni parebat. Id urbi magnas divitias attulit. [[Archaeologus|Archaeologi]] in Ascalone magnum [[Ascalonis Canum Coemeterium|canum coemeterium]] invenerunt, quod ad ritum Phoenicum pertinebat. In eo coemeterio plus quam mille [[Canis|canes]] erant.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandro Magno]] Ascalon se anno [[332 a.C.n.]] dedit, neque, ut [[Gaza]], laesa est.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Post divisionem imperii [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandri]], Ascalon in [[Regnum Ptolemaicum|regno Ptolemaico]] erat, et urbs sui iuris facta est. Tum [[Iudaei]] in Ascalone [[floruit|floruerunt]]. Urbs deinde ab [[Antiochus III|Antiocho III]] capta sedes [[Cultura Graeca|culturae Graecae]] magni momenti facta est. Propter imminutam potentiam [[Seleucidae|Seleucidarum]], Anno [[104 a.C.n.]] Ascalon rursus in [[libertas|libertatem]] se recepit. Reges {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Hyrcanus|Ioannes Hyrcanus|en|he|qid=Q319043}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Alexander Jannaeus|Alexander Jannaeus|en|he|qid=Q319107}} ex [[Hasmonaei|genere Hasmonaeorum]] urbem capere frustra conati sunt.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Fasciculus:Ask NTL PARK.jpg|thumb|Columnae Romanae in Saepto Nationali Ascalonis.]] [[Imperium Romanum|Aetate Romana]], Colonia Ascalonensis liberate et foederata fuit. In urbe [[Paganismus|pagani]] [[Apollo|Apollinem]], [[Hercules|Herculem]], et [[Atargatis|Atargatidem]] venerati sunt, deam facie et parte superiore corporis muliebri, parte inferiore corporis et cauda piscis. [[Herodes Magnus|Herodes]], quamquam urbem non regebat, fora tamen ibi atque balnea publica hortosque exstruxit, fortasse quod ibi natus erat. In [[Primum Bellum Iudaicum|primo bello Iudaico]], Ascalon Iudaeos aggressus, victor exiit.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> Tempore [[Misna]] et [[Talmud]], [[Iudaei]] in urbe degere soliti sunt, quarum [[Synagoga|synagogas]] [[Synagoga|archeologi]] invenerunt. In Talmude de [[Arbustum|pomariis]], quae reditus e [[Babylonia]] prope Ascalonem fundaverunt, legitur.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Aetas Byzantina|Aetate Byzantina]], urbs [[Religio Christiana|Christiana]] facta est. Ascalon sedes commercii [[vinum|vini]] optimi et [[frumentum|frumenti]] erat.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Vinum]] ex Ascalone illo tempore in [[Anglia]] repertum est.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://cbnisrael.org/2024/10/15/biblical-israel-ashkelon-4/ | titulus= Biblical Israel: Ashkelon | cognomen auctoris= Turnage | nomen auctoris= Marc | tempus=15-10-2024 | domus editoria=CBN Israel}}.</ref> === Medium Aevum === Anno [[637]] Ascalon ab Arabibus capta atque deleta est. Anno [[685]] urbs restituta est, in qua iam et [[Christianus|Christiani]] et [[Iudaei]] et [[Samaritani]] et [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]] habitabant. Inter religiones interdum erant conflictus, propter quos ecclesia in urbe anno [[937]] combusta est.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Fasciculus:Battle of Ascalon-engraving.jpg | thumb | Pugna Ascalonis]] Cum [[Regnum Hierosolymitanum]] a [[Expeditio sacra|crucesignatis]] conditum esset, urbs inter Christianos et Musulmanos finis facta est. Diu exercitus circa urbem pugnaverunt, et anno [[1099]] [[Pugna Ascalonis|pugna Ascalonis]] committeretur. Crucesignati Ascalonem aliquandiu teneuerunt, deinde ad [[Oriens|orientem]] se receperunt. Ab anno [[1101]] ad annum [[1114]] Aegyptii terram sanctam capere conabantur, dum duus exercitus circa urbem saepissime puganabant. Anno [[1125]] Rex [[Balduinus II (rex Hierosolymitanus)|Balduinus II]] Ascalonem capere frustra conatus est, anno autem [[1154]] [[Balduinus III (rex Hierosolymitanus)|Balduinus III]] successit. Urbs crucesignatis magni momenti fuit; anno autem [[1187]], [[4 Septembris|quarto die mensis Septembris]], a [[Saladinus|Saladino]] capta est, qui castella, ne Christiani eis uterentur, delevit.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Anno [[1191]], [[Ricardus I (rex Angliae)|Rex Ricardus I]] Ascalonem recepit atque muros aedificavit, quos Arabes rursus deleverunt. Anno [[1240]], [[Ricardus (comes Cornubiae)|Ricardus comes Cornubiae]] urbem iterum munivit. Anno autem [[1247]], [[Ayyubidae]] urbem ceperunt. Anno [[1270]], urbs a [[Mamluci|Mamlucis]] capta atque deleta est, nec Crucesignati eam rursus condiderunt. Dua [[oppidum|oppida]] Arabum, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Magdala||he|qid=Q132129150}} et Iagur, prope Ascalonem antiquam condita sunt, in quibus homines ex Aegypto vivebant.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Ascalonis propter excidionem, Magdala magni momenti facta est.<ref>{{Opus | titulus= אשקלון - שכונת מגדל העברית | url= https://shimur.org/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%93%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA/ | domus editoria= מועצה לשימור אתרי מורשת בישראל | nomen auctoris 1= גד | cognomen auctoris 1= סובול | nomen auctoris 2= אבי | cognomen auctoris 2= ששון | tempus= 01-10-2008}}</ref> === Aetas Turcica ac Britannica === === Aetas Israelita === Die [[5 Novembris]] anno [[1948]], locus ab [[Israel|Israele]] captus est. Urbs primum [[Lingua Hebraica|Hebraice]] vocatus est “Migdal Aza”, postea “Migdal Gad”, anno tandem [[1951]] “Migdal Aškelon”. Anno [[1955]], urbs Migal Aškelon et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Afridar||he|qid=Q6632325}}, qui prope eam erat, in unum coniunctae sunt, et urbs una vocatur Ascalon.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/18231 | titulus= 70 שנה: 70 אירועים ודמויות מתולדות אשקלון | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | tempus= 19-04-2018 00:14 | nomen auctoris 1= ג'ני | cognomen auctoris 1= פרנקל שלום | nomen auctoris 2=גייל | cognomen auctoris 2= מיכאלי | nomen auctoris 3= אורי| cognomen auctoris 3= קריספין| nomen auctoris 4=דוד | cognomen auctoris 4= לוי}}</ref> == Demographia == Anno [[2023]], 86.1 centesimae hominum qui in Ascalone vivebant [[Iudaei]] erant, 0.4 centesimae [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]], et 13.5 centesimae alias [[Religio|religiones]] profitebantur.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2026/local_authorities23/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F.pdf | titulus= הרשויות המקומיות ישראל 2023 אשקלון | domus editoria= הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה }}.</ref> == Monumenta == === Saeptum Nationale Ascalonense === [[Fasciculus:Mosaic floor at Ashkelon.jpg |thumb|upright=0.8|[[Opus tessellatum]] in Saepto Nationali Ascalonense]] Ubi fuit urbs antiqua hodie est [[Saeptum Nationale Ascalonense]],<ref name="placesToVisit"/> quod anno [[1964]] primum [[saeptum nationale]] in Israele designatum est.<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/mobile/0,7340,L-2124593,00.html | titulus= הגן הלאומי באשקלון | nomen auctoris= בועז | cognomen auctoris= כרמל | tempus= 26-09-2002 10:59 | domus editoria= ynet }}.</ref> Muri, qui urbem circumdederunt, in eo loco quoque hodie sunt. Saeptum [[hortus|hortum]] multis [[statua|statuis]] Romanis ornatum habet.<ref name="placesToVisit">{{Opus | url= https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Ashkelon.html#Ashkelon | titulus= Ashkelon & Surroundings PLACES TO VISIT | domus editoria=Jewish Virtual Library}}.</ref> Altitudo vallis Chananaeae est 15 metra, latitudo 30 metra, longitudo 2200 metra.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.mako.co.il/travel-israel/magazine-themostbeautifulcities/Article-78f8f49c8c26371026.htm | domus editoria= mako | titulus= חופש הערים הכי יפות בארץ. מה יש לעשות באשקלון| tempus=19-05-2021}}.</ref> In saepto est basilica Romana, quam [[archeologus|archaeologi]] ab [[Herodes Magnus|Herode]] conditam esse putant,<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/2000-year-old-basilica-unearthed-in-ashkelon-669665 |titulus=2,000-year-old basilica unearthed in Ashkelon | nomen auctoris=Rosella | cognomen auctoris=Tercatin | domus editoria=Jerusalem Post | tempus=31-05-2021 19:25}}.</ref> et maximum in orbe terrarum canum coemeterium.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/mobile/0,7340,L-5047211,00.html | titulus=תעלומת בית הקברות לכלבים הגדול בעולם שהתגלה באשקלון | nomen auctoris= אסף| cognomen auctoris= קמר| tempus= 25-11-2017 07:59 | domus editoria= ynet}}.</ref> Anno [[2024]] Saeptum quintum in popularitate in Israele fuit; anno autem [[2025]] secundum.<ref>{{Opus | titulus= גם ב-2025 – זה אתר הטיולים הפופולרי בישראל | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/vacation/israeltrips/article/rjp9q7egwl | nomen auctoris= אסף| cognomen auctoris= רוזן| domus editoria=ynet | tempus= 08-12-2025 15:00 }}.</ref> Multa animalia quoquoe in hoc loco vivunt. [[Dendrocopos syriacus]], [[Upapa]], et [[Psittacula krameri]] in cavis arborum [[Tamarix|tamaricis]] veterum nidificant; [[Prinia gracilis]], [[Burhinus]], [[Passer hispaniolensis]], et [[Lanius nubicus]] in campis. [[Jynx torquilla]] et [[Luscinia svecica]] hieme in saepto inveniuntur. [[Laudakia stellio]], [[Vulpes vulpes]], [[Gazella gazella gazella]], [[Herpestes]], et [[Caretta caretta]] quoque invenientur in hoc loco.<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/environment-science/article/skv5vvbsn | titulus= מחרדונים ועד נמיות: הצצה לעולם החי הקסום בגן הלאומי תל אשקלון | domus editoria= ynet | tempus= 28-07-2023 16:28}}.</ref> === Monumentum in honorem caesorum in bellis Israel === [[Fasciculus:Lanoflim Askelon 11.jpg | thumb |upright=0.8|[[Monumentum]] in honorem caesorum in bellis Israeliensibus.]] {{Creanda|he|אנדרטה לנופלים (אשקלון) | Monumentum in honorem caesorum in bellis Israel}} in prato herboso est ante [[Curia municipalis|curiam municipalem]]. Elementum sculptile compositum virtutem et bellum significat. Parietes aedificii sexanguli tabulas marmoris nigras constant, in quibus inscripta sunt nomina caesorum. In parite contra inscriptum est “Aeternum vobis gratias agimus. De gerenatione in generationem gloriam eorum narrabimus.”<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.izkor.gov.il/monument/en_d9b0257bc0e71a1983f1ec8d7e8bde66/ | titulus= אנדרטה לנופלים במערכות ישראל. אשקלון| domus editoria= יזכור }}.</ref> ===Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis=== [[Fasciculus:מרינה אשקלון.PNG | thumb |upright=0.8|Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis.]] {{Creanda|he| מרינה אשקלון | Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis}}, anno [[1991]] conditus, locus est ad navigia velifera et [[Navis lusoria |naves lusorias]] ancorandas, et multasque [[Popina sellariola| popinas sellariolas]] habet.<ref>{{Opus| url= https://baliletayel.co.il/atraction/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%9E/ | titulus= המרינה של אשקלון – טיילת אטרקטיבית לצד מעגן סירות | domus editoria= בא לי לטייל}}.</ref> Portus, qui plerumque ad oblectamentum destinatur, in {{Creanda| en| Twelve-Day War |bello contra Iraniam}} magni momenti factus est. Homines eo usi sunt ut via ad Israëlem ingrediendum et ex eo egrediendum esset, cum [[aeroportus]] clausus esset.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/95583 | titulus= מי היה מאמין? זה התפקיד של המרינה באשקלון במלחמה עם איראן | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | tempus= 18-06-2025 15:22}}.</ref> Porum visitant non modo qui in Ascalone habitant, sed quoque in [[Berosaba]], [[Azotus|Azoto]], [[Kiriat-Gat]], et aliis urbibus.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.israelhayom.co.il/travel/tourism-news/article/19966651 | titulus= שעה מתל אביב: מתחם הבילוי שעבר מהפך - וכולם נוהרים אליו | nomen auctoris= ליאת | cognomen auctoris= מופז מילצ'ן | tempus= 23-02-2026 19:40 | domus editoria= ישראל היום}}.</ref> == Urbes geminae == * {{Vexillum icon|Canada}} [[Côte Saint-Luc]], [[Quebecum]], [[Canada]] (ab anno [[1975]])<ref>{{opus | url=https://cotesaintluc.org/en/the-city/about-csl/ | titulus=About CSL | domus editoria= cotesaintluc.org}}</ref><ref>{{opus | url=https://www.bnaibrith.ca/advocacy/jewish-heritage-month/jhm-cote-saint-luc/ | titulus=JEWISH HERITAGE MONTH PARTNER: COTE SAINT LUC, QUEBEC | domus editoria= Bnai Brith Canada}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Ruthenia Alba}} [[Grodna]], [[Ruthenia Alba]] (ab anno [[2011]])<ref>{{Opus | tempus= 23-02-2011 | url= https://ashkelon.news/article/9023 |titulus= עוד עיר תאומה ברית ערים תאומות נחתמה בין העיר אשקלון לגרודנו (בלרוס). רה"ע של גרודנו קוזלקוב בוריס הגיע לאשקלון עם אנשי עסקים המעוניינים ליצור קשרי מסחר | domus editoria= ashkelon.news}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | tempus= 2011-03-01 13:16 | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402150430/https://news.tut.by/society/216834.html | titulus= Израильский город Ашкелон стал двенадцатым городом-побратимом Гродно | domus editoria=news.tut.by}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Francia}} [[Aquae Sextiae]], [[Francia]] (ab anno [[1994]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.aixenprovence.fr/Ashkelon-ISRAEL | titulus=Ashkelon (ISRAEL) | domus editoria= aixenprovence.fr}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Germania}} [[Pancovium]], [[Germania]] (Ab anno [[1994]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.berlin.de/ba-pankow/ueber-den-bezirk/staedtepartner/artikel.1535473.en.php | titulus = City Partnerships | domus editoria= Bezirksamt Pankow}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url=https://pankow-ashkelon.org/en/about-us | titulus= About Us | domus editoria= Freundeskreis Berlin Pankow-Ashkelon}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Portlandia (Oregonia)|Portlandia]], [[Oregonia]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[1987]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.studycountry.com/wiki/what-is-portland-oregon-sister-city | titulus=What is Portland Oregon sister city? | domus editoria= studycountry.com}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Baltimora (Terra Mariae)|Baltimora]], [[Terra Mariae]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[2003]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://baltimorefishbowl.com/stories/baltimores-awkward-relationship-sister-cities/ |domus editoria= Baltimore Fish Bowl | titulus=Baltimore’s Awkward Relationship with Our Sister Cities |nomen auctoris=Rachel | cognomen auctoris=Monroe | tempus=22-04-2014}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.jewishtimes.com/baltimore-ashkelon-partnership-supports-israeli-city-after-rocket-strikes/ | titulus= Baltimore-Ashkelon Partnership Supports Israeli City After Rocket Strikes | nomen auctoris=Jillian |cognomen auctoris=Diamond | tempus=24-05-2023 | domus editoria=Jewish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Opus |url=https://associated.org/stories/the-baltimore-ashkelon-partnership-celebrating-20-years/ | titulus=The Baltimore-Ashkelon Partnership: Celebrating 20 Years | domus editoria= The Associated Jewish Federation in Baltimore}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Sacramentum (California)|Sacramentum]], [[California]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[2012]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/after-battle-sacramento-okays-sisterhood-with-ashkelon/ | domus editoria= Times of Israel | titulus= After battle, Sacramento okays sisterhood with Ashkelon | nomen auctoris= Joshua | cognomen auctoris= Davidovich | tempus=15-08-2012}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/sumy-ukraine-becomes-sacramentos-latest-sister-city/ | titulus=Sumy, Ukraine becomes Sacramento's latest Sister City | domus editoria= CBS News | nomen auctoris=Cecilio | cognomen auctoris= Padilla| tempus=29-06-2023}} “Eleven other cities have been named Sister Cities with Sacramento … Ashkelon, Israel”</ref><ref>{{Opus |url=https://jweekly.com/2012/08/17/its-unanimous-sacramento-ashkelon-now-sister-cities/ | domus editoria= Jewish Weekly | titulus= Its unanimous: Sacramento, Ashkelon now sister cities | nomen auctoris= Emma | cognomen auctoris=Silvers |tempus=17-08-2012}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Polonia}} [[Sopot (Polonia)|Sopot]], [[Polonia]] (ab anno [[1993]] ad annum [[2025]])<ref>{{Opus | titulus= Sopot pierwszym samorządem w Polsce, który zerwał partnerstwo z izraelskim miastem. Zdecydowali o tym radni | url= https://trojmiasto.wyborcza.pl/trojmiasto/7,35612,32429747,sopot-pierwszy-w-polsce-zerwal-partnerstwo-z-izraelskim-miastem.html | tempus=27-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= Maciej | cognomen auctoris= Pietrzak | domus editoria= wyborcza.pl}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= הלחץ הפרו-פלסטיני הכריע 30 שנות יחסים: בוטל הסכם "ערים תאומות" בין אשקלון לסופוט | url= https://www.maariv.co.il/news/world/article-1257675 | tempus=01-12-2025 | nomen auctoris= דן | cognomen auctoris= עזרא | domus editoria= מעריב}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= "בגלל רצח העם בעזה": עיירת נופש בפולין ביטלה ברית ערים תאומות עם אשקלון | url= https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/r1ucjukbbx | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris 1= איתמר | cognomen auctoris 1= אייכנר | domus editoria= ynet | nomen auctoris 2= רוני | cognomen auctoris 2= גרין שאולוב}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= לאחר 32 שנים: בוטלה שותפות עיר תאומה עם אשקלון בגלל "רצח עם בעזה" | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/99197 | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= דוד | cognomen auctoris= לוי | domus editoria= כאן חדשות דרום אשקלון}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= "רצח עם": העיר באירופה שביטלה הסכם ערים עם אשקלון | url= https://www.i24news.tv/he/news/international/europe/artc-30d542eb | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= מעיין | cognomen auctoris= רפאל | domus editoria= i24}}.</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Ucraina}} [[Uman]], [[Regio Circassiensis]], [[Ucraina]] (ab anno [[2010]])<ref>{{Opus|url=https://uman-rada.gov.ua/index.php/mizhnarodni-zviazky | domus editoria=Уманська міська рада Виконавчий комітет | titulus=Міжнародні зв'язки}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|India}} [[Vadodara]], [[Guzarata]], [[India]] (ab anno [[2017]])<ref>{{Opus | url = https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/municipality/10841 | titulus= אשקלון-בארודה ערים תאומות: ראש הממשלה מברך| domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | nomen auctoris= ג'ני | cognomen auctoris= פרנקל שלום | tempus= 8-12-2017 15:13 }}</ref><ref>{{Opus| url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/11526 | titulus= העירייה: כ-2,000 משתתפים בפסטיבל הודו באשקלון | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון| nomen auctoris= אלירם | cognomen auctoris= משה | tempus= 20-12-2017 12:07 }}</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Nexus interni == * [[Ascalon (urbs antiqua)]] * [[Israël]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Ashkelon|Ascalonam}} {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Israel]] [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae]] [[Categoria:Urbes Israelis]] 7oc5fmhvdnnrghhvuh9twxdz5pn9q5c 3959136 3959133 2026-05-11T12:49:24Z Archaeocursor 206441 /* Ascalon praehistorica */ 3959136 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Adumbratio}}</noinclude>{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:93439_marina_ashkelon_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg|thumb]] {{res|Ascalon}} ([[Hebraice]] אַשְׁקְלוֹן) est [[urbs]] in [[Israël]]e sita. Quae urbs primum condita esse abhinc annorum decem milia dicitur. [[Portus|Portum]] habebat, unde [[merx|merces]] et inferebantur et exportabantur.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = "העבר של אשקלון הוא הנשמה שלה, ועדות לכל מה שהיא מסמלת" | lingua = he | domus editoria = The Marker | url = https://www.themarker.com/labels/ashkelon/2022-09-22/ty-article-labels/00000183-6525-dd85-a9f3-67bfe3d00000 }}.</ref> Ascalon una ex quinque urbibus [[Philistaei|Philistaeorum]] est quae in [[Liber Iosue|libro Iosue]] 13:3 memorantur.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Ascalon | domus editoria = New Advent | url = https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01766b.htm }}.</ref> Urbs autem hodierna anno [[1948]] condita est.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = היסטוריה ותרבות באשקלון – כשישן וחדש נפגשים | domus editoria = אלדן | url = https://www.eldan.co.il/magazine/carrental/rentcarashkelon/history-ashkelon# }}.</ref> Anno [[2020]] circiter 146&thinsp;500 homines ibi habitabant.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = אשקלון | lingua = he | domus editoria = הלשקה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה | url = https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/doclib/2022/local_authorities20_1879/58_7100.pdf }}.</ref> == Historia == === Ascalon praehistorica === Ascalon [[Neolithicum|Neolithica]] criciter centum metra a mari aberat et 15-20 metra supra [[maris aequor]] sita erat. Multa instrumenta silicea et lapidea, nonnulla autem ossea, in eo loco inventa sunt.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/27926432 | titulus= A Late Neolithic Site near Ashkelon | nomen auctoris 1= Jean | cognomen auctoris 1= Perrot | nomen auctoris 2= Avi | cognomen auctoris 2= Gopher | domus editoria = Israel Exploration Journal | volumen= 46 | paginae= 145-166 | annus = 1996}}</ref> === Historia antiqua === {{Paginae principales|Ascalon (urbs antiqua)}} [[Fasciculus:Ashkelon – The Canaanite city gate and ramparts.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Ascalonis Chananaeae porta.]] Urbs [[Chanaan|Chananaea]] [[Saeculum 20 a.C.n.|saeculo vicensimo a.C.n.]] condita est, longitudine 1100 metrorum et latitudine 600 metrorum, moenibus quindecim metra altis circumdata.<ref name="BibleWalks">{{Opus | titulus = Tel Ashkelon | domus editoria = Bible Walks | url = https://www.biblewalks.com/ashkelon/ }}.</ref> Primum memorantur Ascalon in textibus execrationis [[Aegyptus|Aegyptiis]] quae ad {{Creanda|en|Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt|Domus Aegypti 11|undecimam dynastiam}} referuntur, et per dynastias {{Creanda|en|Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Domus Aegypti 18|XVIII}} ad XX fortasse urbs Chananaea Aegyptiorum imperio subiecta erat. Anno [[1280 a.C.n.]], frustra Ascalon contra [[Rhamses II|Ramsem II]] rebellavit. Anno [[1229 a.C.n.]], urbs ab [[Amenephthis|Amenephthe]] [[Pharao]]ne rursus capta est.<ref name="JewishLibrary">{{Opus | titulus = Ashkelon | domus editoria = Jewish Virtual Library | url = https://jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ashkelon }}.</ref> Ascalon a [[Tribus Iudae|tribu Iudae]] capta est:<ref name="BibleWalks"/> <blockquote>Cepitque Iudas [[Gaza]]m cum finibus suis et Ascalonem atque Accaron cum terminis suis. (Iudicum 1:18).<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_iudicum_lt.html | titulus= Nova Vulgata LIBER IUDICUM | domus editoria= Vatican}}.</ref></blockquote> [[Saeculum 12 a.C.n.|Saeculo duodecimo a.C.n.]], urbs a [[Philistae]]is capta est. Ascalon saepe in [[narratio]]nibus de [[Samson]]e in [[Biblia|Bibliis]] commemoratur. Quae urbs tempore {{Creanda|en|Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|Regnum Israeliticum (monarchia unita)|monarchiae Israeliticae}} adhuc erat Philistaeorum una ex praecipuis urbibus.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Saul (Rex)|Saul]], Israëlis Rex primus, Philistinos Philistinos vicit et multas urbes cepit. Rex ipse in proelio cecidit, [[David]]que lugens eos versiculos recitavit:<ref name="BibleWalks"/> <blockquote>Incliti, o Israel, super montes tuos interfecti, quomodo ceciderunt fortes! Nolite annuntiare in Geth neque annuntietis in compitis Ascalonis, ne forte laetentur filiae Philisthim, ne exsultent filiae incircumcisorum. (II Samuelis 1:19-20),<ref>{{opus |titulus=Nova Vulgata LIBER SECUNDUS SAMUELIS |domus editoria= Vatican | url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_ii-samuelis_lt.html}}.</ref></blockquote> Ascalonem punitum iri preaedixerunt prophetae [[Ieremias]], [[Amos (propheta)|Amos]], [[Sophonias]], et [[Zacharias (propheta)|Zacharias]].<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Saeculum 18 a.C.n.|Saeculo duodevicensimo a.C.n.]] a regno Ascalonis multas terras a regno expugnavit [[Assyria]], et Anno [[734 a.C.n.]] urbs a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Tiglatpileser III|Tiglatpilesero III|en|qid=Q210074}} capta est. Anno [[732 a.C.n.]] Rex Ascalonis frustra contra Assyrios rebellavit, propter quod urbs graviter punita est. [[Rex Sidqia]] postea participavit in alia rebellione contra Assyriam, duce [[Ezechias|Ezechia]]. Apud [[Sennacherib]], urbes Sidqiae prope [[Iappa|Iappam]] captae sunt, et Ascalon ipse se dedidit, cuius rex exsulatus est. Tributum quod Ascalon reddidit in inscriptionibus principum Esarhaddon et Assurbanipal memoratur, qui urbem fine [[Saeculum 7 a.C.n.|saeculi 7]] et initio [[Saeculum 6 a.C.n.|sexto a.C.n.]] ad [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegyptum]] pugnandum adhibuit. De calamitatibus quas urbs sufferebat scripserunt prophetae biblici.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> Cum imperium Assyriorum caderet, Aegyptus urbem occupavit. Anno [[604 a.C.n.]], Ascalon a [[Nabuchodonosor II|Nabuchodonosore]] deleta est, qui multos cives urbis exsulavit, quo facto sexcentorum annorum praesentiae Philistaeorum in Israele finis impositus est. Munitiones Ascalonis post Babylonicam excidionem non reaedificatae sunt.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/><ref name="BibleWalks"/> Sub [[Imperium Achaemenidarum|imperio Persarum]], quod Ascalonem a Babyloniis cepit, Iudaeis [[Ierusalem]] redire licuit, sed Ascalon tum pars provinciae Iudaeae non fuit. In Ascalone ceterisque urbibus Philistaeorum, habitabant [[Phoenices]], et ipsa Ascalon [[Tyros|Tyriorum]] dicioni parebat. Id urbi magnas divitias attulit. [[Archaeologus|Archaeologi]] in Ascalone magnum [[Ascalonis Canum Coemeterium|canum coemeterium]] invenerunt, quod ad ritum Phoenicum pertinebat. In eo coemeterio plus quam mille [[Canis|canes]] erant.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandro Magno]] Ascalon se anno [[332 a.C.n.]] dedit, neque, ut [[Gaza]], laesa est.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Post divisionem imperii [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandri]], Ascalon in [[Regnum Ptolemaicum|regno Ptolemaico]] erat, et urbs sui iuris facta est. Tum [[Iudaei]] in Ascalone [[floruit|floruerunt]]. Urbs deinde ab [[Antiochus III|Antiocho III]] capta sedes [[Cultura Graeca|culturae Graecae]] magni momenti facta est. Propter imminutam potentiam [[Seleucidae|Seleucidarum]], Anno [[104 a.C.n.]] Ascalon rursus in [[libertas|libertatem]] se recepit. Reges {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Hyrcanus|Ioannes Hyrcanus|en|he|qid=Q319043}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Alexander Jannaeus|Alexander Jannaeus|en|he|qid=Q319107}} ex [[Hasmonaei|genere Hasmonaeorum]] urbem capere frustra conati sunt.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Fasciculus:Ask NTL PARK.jpg|thumb|Columnae Romanae in Saepto Nationali Ascalonis.]] [[Imperium Romanum|Aetate Romana]], Colonia Ascalonensis liberate et foederata fuit. In urbe [[Paganismus|pagani]] [[Apollo|Apollinem]], [[Hercules|Herculem]], et [[Atargatis|Atargatidem]] venerati sunt, deam facie et parte superiore corporis muliebri, parte inferiore corporis et cauda piscis. [[Herodes Magnus|Herodes]], quamquam urbem non regebat, fora tamen ibi atque balnea publica hortosque exstruxit, fortasse quod ibi natus erat. In [[Primum Bellum Iudaicum|primo bello Iudaico]], Ascalon Iudaeos aggressus, victor exiit.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> Tempore [[Misna]] et [[Talmud]], [[Iudaei]] in urbe degere soliti sunt, quarum [[Synagoga|synagogas]] [[Synagoga|archeologi]] invenerunt. In Talmude de [[Arbustum|pomariis]], quae reditus e [[Babylonia]] prope Ascalonem fundaverunt, legitur.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Aetas Byzantina|Aetate Byzantina]], urbs [[Religio Christiana|Christiana]] facta est. Ascalon sedes commercii [[vinum|vini]] optimi et [[frumentum|frumenti]] erat.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Vinum]] ex Ascalone illo tempore in [[Anglia]] repertum est.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://cbnisrael.org/2024/10/15/biblical-israel-ashkelon-4/ | titulus= Biblical Israel: Ashkelon | cognomen auctoris= Turnage | nomen auctoris= Marc | tempus=15-10-2024 | domus editoria=CBN Israel}}.</ref> === Medium Aevum === Anno [[637]] Ascalon ab Arabibus capta atque deleta est. Anno [[685]] urbs restituta est, in qua iam et [[Christianus|Christiani]] et [[Iudaei]] et [[Samaritani]] et [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]] habitabant. Inter religiones interdum erant conflictus, propter quos ecclesia in urbe anno [[937]] combusta est.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Fasciculus:Battle of Ascalon-engraving.jpg | thumb | Pugna Ascalonis]] Cum [[Regnum Hierosolymitanum]] a [[Expeditio sacra|crucesignatis]] conditum esset, urbs inter Christianos et Musulmanos finis facta est. Diu exercitus circa urbem pugnaverunt, et anno [[1099]] [[Pugna Ascalonis|pugna Ascalonis]] committeretur. Crucesignati Ascalonem aliquandiu teneuerunt, deinde ad [[Oriens|orientem]] se receperunt. Ab anno [[1101]] ad annum [[1114]] Aegyptii terram sanctam capere conabantur, dum duus exercitus circa urbem saepissime puganabant. Anno [[1125]] Rex [[Balduinus II (rex Hierosolymitanus)|Balduinus II]] Ascalonem capere frustra conatus est, anno autem [[1154]] [[Balduinus III (rex Hierosolymitanus)|Balduinus III]] successit. Urbs crucesignatis magni momenti fuit; anno autem [[1187]], [[4 Septembris|quarto die mensis Septembris]], a [[Saladinus|Saladino]] capta est, qui castella, ne Christiani eis uterentur, delevit.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Anno [[1191]], [[Ricardus I (rex Angliae)|Rex Ricardus I]] Ascalonem recepit atque muros aedificavit, quos Arabes rursus deleverunt. Anno [[1240]], [[Ricardus (comes Cornubiae)|Ricardus comes Cornubiae]] urbem iterum munivit. Anno autem [[1247]], [[Ayyubidae]] urbem ceperunt. Anno [[1270]], urbs a [[Mamluci|Mamlucis]] capta atque deleta est, nec Crucesignati eam rursus condiderunt. Dua [[oppidum|oppida]] Arabum, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Magdala||he|qid=Q132129150}} et Iagur, prope Ascalonem antiquam condita sunt, in quibus homines ex Aegypto vivebant.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Ascalonis propter excidionem, Magdala magni momenti facta est.<ref>{{Opus | titulus= אשקלון - שכונת מגדל העברית | url= https://shimur.org/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%93%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA/ | domus editoria= מועצה לשימור אתרי מורשת בישראל | nomen auctoris 1= גד | cognomen auctoris 1= סובול | nomen auctoris 2= אבי | cognomen auctoris 2= ששון | tempus= 01-10-2008}}</ref> === Aetas Turcica ac Britannica === === Aetas Israelita === Die [[5 Novembris]] anno [[1948]], locus ab [[Israel|Israele]] captus est. Urbs primum [[Lingua Hebraica|Hebraice]] vocatus est “Migdal Aza”, postea “Migdal Gad”, anno tandem [[1951]] “Migdal Aškelon”. Anno [[1955]], urbs Migal Aškelon et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Afridar||he|qid=Q6632325}}, qui prope eam erat, in unum coniunctae sunt, et urbs una vocatur Ascalon.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/18231 | titulus= 70 שנה: 70 אירועים ודמויות מתולדות אשקלון | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | tempus= 19-04-2018 00:14 | nomen auctoris 1= ג'ני | cognomen auctoris 1= פרנקל שלום | nomen auctoris 2=גייל | cognomen auctoris 2= מיכאלי | nomen auctoris 3= אורי| cognomen auctoris 3= קריספין| nomen auctoris 4=דוד | cognomen auctoris 4= לוי}}</ref> == Demographia == Anno [[2023]], 86.1 centesimae hominum qui in Ascalone vivebant [[Iudaei]] erant, 0.4 centesimae [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]], et 13.5 centesimae alias [[Religio|religiones]] profitebantur.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2026/local_authorities23/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F.pdf | titulus= הרשויות המקומיות ישראל 2023 אשקלון | domus editoria= הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה }}.</ref> == Monumenta == === Saeptum Nationale Ascalonense === [[Fasciculus:Mosaic floor at Ashkelon.jpg |thumb|upright=0.8|[[Opus tessellatum]] in Saepto Nationali Ascalonense]] Ubi fuit urbs antiqua hodie est [[Saeptum Nationale Ascalonense]],<ref name="placesToVisit"/> quod anno [[1964]] primum [[saeptum nationale]] in Israele designatum est.<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/mobile/0,7340,L-2124593,00.html | titulus= הגן הלאומי באשקלון | nomen auctoris= בועז | cognomen auctoris= כרמל | tempus= 26-09-2002 10:59 | domus editoria= ynet }}.</ref> Muri, qui urbem circumdederunt, in eo loco quoque hodie sunt. Saeptum [[hortus|hortum]] multis [[statua|statuis]] Romanis ornatum habet.<ref name="placesToVisit">{{Opus | url= https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Ashkelon.html#Ashkelon | titulus= Ashkelon & Surroundings PLACES TO VISIT | domus editoria=Jewish Virtual Library}}.</ref> Altitudo vallis Chananaeae est 15 metra, latitudo 30 metra, longitudo 2200 metra.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.mako.co.il/travel-israel/magazine-themostbeautifulcities/Article-78f8f49c8c26371026.htm | domus editoria= mako | titulus= חופש הערים הכי יפות בארץ. מה יש לעשות באשקלון| tempus=19-05-2021}}.</ref> In saepto est basilica Romana, quam [[archeologus|archaeologi]] ab [[Herodes Magnus|Herode]] conditam esse putant,<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/2000-year-old-basilica-unearthed-in-ashkelon-669665 |titulus=2,000-year-old basilica unearthed in Ashkelon | nomen auctoris=Rosella | cognomen auctoris=Tercatin | domus editoria=Jerusalem Post | tempus=31-05-2021 19:25}}.</ref> et maximum in orbe terrarum canum coemeterium.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/mobile/0,7340,L-5047211,00.html | titulus=תעלומת בית הקברות לכלבים הגדול בעולם שהתגלה באשקלון | nomen auctoris= אסף| cognomen auctoris= קמר| tempus= 25-11-2017 07:59 | domus editoria= ynet}}.</ref> Anno [[2024]] Saeptum quintum in popularitate in Israele fuit; anno autem [[2025]] secundum.<ref>{{Opus | titulus= גם ב-2025 – זה אתר הטיולים הפופולרי בישראל | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/vacation/israeltrips/article/rjp9q7egwl | nomen auctoris= אסף| cognomen auctoris= רוזן| domus editoria=ynet | tempus= 08-12-2025 15:00 }}.</ref> Multa animalia quoquoe in hoc loco vivunt. [[Dendrocopos syriacus]], [[Upapa]], et [[Psittacula krameri]] in cavis arborum [[Tamarix|tamaricis]] veterum nidificant; [[Prinia gracilis]], [[Burhinus]], [[Passer hispaniolensis]], et [[Lanius nubicus]] in campis. [[Jynx torquilla]] et [[Luscinia svecica]] hieme in saepto inveniuntur. [[Laudakia stellio]], [[Vulpes vulpes]], [[Gazella gazella gazella]], [[Herpestes]], et [[Caretta caretta]] quoque invenientur in hoc loco.<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/environment-science/article/skv5vvbsn | titulus= מחרדונים ועד נמיות: הצצה לעולם החי הקסום בגן הלאומי תל אשקלון | domus editoria= ynet | tempus= 28-07-2023 16:28}}.</ref> === Monumentum in honorem caesorum in bellis Israel === [[Fasciculus:Lanoflim Askelon 11.jpg | thumb |upright=0.8|[[Monumentum]] in honorem caesorum in bellis Israeliensibus.]] {{Creanda|he|אנדרטה לנופלים (אשקלון) | Monumentum in honorem caesorum in bellis Israel}} in prato herboso est ante [[Curia municipalis|curiam municipalem]]. Elementum sculptile compositum virtutem et bellum significat. Parietes aedificii sexanguli tabulas marmoris nigras constant, in quibus inscripta sunt nomina caesorum. In parite contra inscriptum est “Aeternum vobis gratias agimus. De gerenatione in generationem gloriam eorum narrabimus.”<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.izkor.gov.il/monument/en_d9b0257bc0e71a1983f1ec8d7e8bde66/ | titulus= אנדרטה לנופלים במערכות ישראל. אשקלון| domus editoria= יזכור }}.</ref> ===Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis=== [[Fasciculus:מרינה אשקלון.PNG | thumb |upright=0.8|Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis.]] {{Creanda|he| מרינה אשקלון | Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis}}, anno [[1991]] conditus, locus est ad navigia velifera et [[Navis lusoria |naves lusorias]] ancorandas, et multasque [[Popina sellariola| popinas sellariolas]] habet.<ref>{{Opus| url= https://baliletayel.co.il/atraction/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%9E/ | titulus= המרינה של אשקלון – טיילת אטרקטיבית לצד מעגן סירות | domus editoria= בא לי לטייל}}.</ref> Portus, qui plerumque ad oblectamentum destinatur, in {{Creanda| en| Twelve-Day War |bello contra Iraniam}} magni momenti factus est. Homines eo usi sunt ut via ad Israëlem ingrediendum et ex eo egrediendum esset, cum [[aeroportus]] clausus esset.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/95583 | titulus= מי היה מאמין? זה התפקיד של המרינה באשקלון במלחמה עם איראן | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | tempus= 18-06-2025 15:22}}.</ref> Porum visitant non modo qui in Ascalone habitant, sed quoque in [[Berosaba]], [[Azotus|Azoto]], [[Kiriat-Gat]], et aliis urbibus.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.israelhayom.co.il/travel/tourism-news/article/19966651 | titulus= שעה מתל אביב: מתחם הבילוי שעבר מהפך - וכולם נוהרים אליו | nomen auctoris= ליאת | cognomen auctoris= מופז מילצ'ן | tempus= 23-02-2026 19:40 | domus editoria= ישראל היום}}.</ref> == Urbes geminae == * {{Vexillum icon|Canada}} [[Côte Saint-Luc]], [[Quebecum]], [[Canada]] (ab anno [[1975]])<ref>{{opus | url=https://cotesaintluc.org/en/the-city/about-csl/ | titulus=About CSL | domus editoria= cotesaintluc.org}}</ref><ref>{{opus | url=https://www.bnaibrith.ca/advocacy/jewish-heritage-month/jhm-cote-saint-luc/ | titulus=JEWISH HERITAGE MONTH PARTNER: COTE SAINT LUC, QUEBEC | domus editoria= Bnai Brith Canada}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Ruthenia Alba}} [[Grodna]], [[Ruthenia Alba]] (ab anno [[2011]])<ref>{{Opus | tempus= 23-02-2011 | url= https://ashkelon.news/article/9023 |titulus= עוד עיר תאומה ברית ערים תאומות נחתמה בין העיר אשקלון לגרודנו (בלרוס). רה"ע של גרודנו קוזלקוב בוריס הגיע לאשקלון עם אנשי עסקים המעוניינים ליצור קשרי מסחר | domus editoria= ashkelon.news}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | tempus= 2011-03-01 13:16 | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402150430/https://news.tut.by/society/216834.html | titulus= Израильский город Ашкелон стал двенадцатым городом-побратимом Гродно | domus editoria=news.tut.by}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Francia}} [[Aquae Sextiae]], [[Francia]] (ab anno [[1994]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.aixenprovence.fr/Ashkelon-ISRAEL | titulus=Ashkelon (ISRAEL) | domus editoria= aixenprovence.fr}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Germania}} [[Pancovium]], [[Germania]] (Ab anno [[1994]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.berlin.de/ba-pankow/ueber-den-bezirk/staedtepartner/artikel.1535473.en.php | titulus = City Partnerships | domus editoria= Bezirksamt Pankow}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url=https://pankow-ashkelon.org/en/about-us | titulus= About Us | domus editoria= Freundeskreis Berlin Pankow-Ashkelon}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Portlandia (Oregonia)|Portlandia]], [[Oregonia]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[1987]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.studycountry.com/wiki/what-is-portland-oregon-sister-city | titulus=What is Portland Oregon sister city? | domus editoria= studycountry.com}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Baltimora (Terra Mariae)|Baltimora]], [[Terra Mariae]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[2003]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://baltimorefishbowl.com/stories/baltimores-awkward-relationship-sister-cities/ |domus editoria= Baltimore Fish Bowl | titulus=Baltimore’s Awkward Relationship with Our Sister Cities |nomen auctoris=Rachel | cognomen auctoris=Monroe | tempus=22-04-2014}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.jewishtimes.com/baltimore-ashkelon-partnership-supports-israeli-city-after-rocket-strikes/ | titulus= Baltimore-Ashkelon Partnership Supports Israeli City After Rocket Strikes | nomen auctoris=Jillian |cognomen auctoris=Diamond | tempus=24-05-2023 | domus editoria=Jewish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Opus |url=https://associated.org/stories/the-baltimore-ashkelon-partnership-celebrating-20-years/ | titulus=The Baltimore-Ashkelon Partnership: Celebrating 20 Years | domus editoria= The Associated Jewish Federation in Baltimore}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Sacramentum (California)|Sacramentum]], [[California]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[2012]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/after-battle-sacramento-okays-sisterhood-with-ashkelon/ | domus editoria= Times of Israel | titulus= After battle, Sacramento okays sisterhood with Ashkelon | nomen auctoris= Joshua | cognomen auctoris= Davidovich | tempus=15-08-2012}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/sumy-ukraine-becomes-sacramentos-latest-sister-city/ | titulus=Sumy, Ukraine becomes Sacramento's latest Sister City | domus editoria= CBS News | nomen auctoris=Cecilio | cognomen auctoris= Padilla| tempus=29-06-2023}} “Eleven other cities have been named Sister Cities with Sacramento … Ashkelon, Israel”</ref><ref>{{Opus |url=https://jweekly.com/2012/08/17/its-unanimous-sacramento-ashkelon-now-sister-cities/ | domus editoria= Jewish Weekly | titulus= Its unanimous: Sacramento, Ashkelon now sister cities | nomen auctoris= Emma | cognomen auctoris=Silvers |tempus=17-08-2012}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Polonia}} [[Sopot (Polonia)|Sopot]], [[Polonia]] (ab anno [[1993]] ad annum [[2025]])<ref>{{Opus | titulus= Sopot pierwszym samorządem w Polsce, który zerwał partnerstwo z izraelskim miastem. Zdecydowali o tym radni | url= https://trojmiasto.wyborcza.pl/trojmiasto/7,35612,32429747,sopot-pierwszy-w-polsce-zerwal-partnerstwo-z-izraelskim-miastem.html | tempus=27-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= Maciej | cognomen auctoris= Pietrzak | domus editoria= wyborcza.pl}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= הלחץ הפרו-פלסטיני הכריע 30 שנות יחסים: בוטל הסכם "ערים תאומות" בין אשקלון לסופוט | url= https://www.maariv.co.il/news/world/article-1257675 | tempus=01-12-2025 | nomen auctoris= דן | cognomen auctoris= עזרא | domus editoria= מעריב}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= "בגלל רצח העם בעזה": עיירת נופש בפולין ביטלה ברית ערים תאומות עם אשקלון | url= https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/r1ucjukbbx | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris 1= איתמר | cognomen auctoris 1= אייכנר | domus editoria= ynet | nomen auctoris 2= רוני | cognomen auctoris 2= גרין שאולוב}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= לאחר 32 שנים: בוטלה שותפות עיר תאומה עם אשקלון בגלל "רצח עם בעזה" | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/99197 | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= דוד | cognomen auctoris= לוי | domus editoria= כאן חדשות דרום אשקלון}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= "רצח עם": העיר באירופה שביטלה הסכם ערים עם אשקלון | url= https://www.i24news.tv/he/news/international/europe/artc-30d542eb | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= מעיין | cognomen auctoris= רפאל | domus editoria= i24}}.</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Ucraina}} [[Uman]], [[Regio Circassiensis]], [[Ucraina]] (ab anno [[2010]])<ref>{{Opus|url=https://uman-rada.gov.ua/index.php/mizhnarodni-zviazky | domus editoria=Уманська міська рада Виконавчий комітет | titulus=Міжнародні зв'язки}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|India}} [[Vadodara]], [[Guzarata]], [[India]] (ab anno [[2017]])<ref>{{Opus | url = https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/municipality/10841 | titulus= אשקלון-בארודה ערים תאומות: ראש הממשלה מברך| domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | nomen auctoris= ג'ני | cognomen auctoris= פרנקל שלום | tempus= 8-12-2017 15:13 }}</ref><ref>{{Opus| url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/11526 | titulus= העירייה: כ-2,000 משתתפים בפסטיבל הודו באשקלון | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון| nomen auctoris= אלירם | cognomen auctoris= משה | tempus= 20-12-2017 12:07 }}</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Nexus interni == * [[Ascalon (urbs antiqua)]] * [[Israël]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Ashkelon|Ascalonam}} {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Israel]] [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae]] [[Categoria:Urbes Israelis]] nw0xvivvc4hvr5dpejvjitpbqoyb87o 3959139 3959136 2026-05-11T12:56:15Z Archaeocursor 206441 /* Ascalon praehistorica */ 3959139 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Adumbratio}}</noinclude>{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:93439_marina_ashkelon_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg|thumb]] {{res|Ascalon}} ([[Hebraice]] אַשְׁקְלוֹן) est [[urbs]] in [[Israël]]e sita. Quae urbs primum condita esse abhinc annorum decem milia dicitur. [[Portus|Portum]] habebat, unde [[merx|merces]] et inferebantur et exportabantur.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = "העבר של אשקלון הוא הנשמה שלה, ועדות לכל מה שהיא מסמלת" | lingua = he | domus editoria = The Marker | url = https://www.themarker.com/labels/ashkelon/2022-09-22/ty-article-labels/00000183-6525-dd85-a9f3-67bfe3d00000 }}.</ref> Ascalon una ex quinque urbibus [[Philistaei|Philistaeorum]] est quae in [[Liber Iosue|libro Iosue]] 13:3 memorantur.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Ascalon | domus editoria = New Advent | url = https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01766b.htm }}.</ref> Urbs autem hodierna anno [[1948]] condita est.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = היסטוריה ותרבות באשקלון – כשישן וחדש נפגשים | domus editoria = אלדן | url = https://www.eldan.co.il/magazine/carrental/rentcarashkelon/history-ashkelon# }}.</ref> Anno [[2020]] circiter 146&thinsp;500 homines ibi habitabant.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = אשקלון | lingua = he | domus editoria = הלשקה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה | url = https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/doclib/2022/local_authorities20_1879/58_7100.pdf }}.</ref> == Historia == === Ascalon praehistorica === Ascalon [[Neolithicum|Neolithica]] criciter centum metra a mari aberat et 15-20 metra supra [[maris aequor]] sita erat. Multa instrumenta silicea et lapidea, nonnulla autem ossea, in eo loco inventa sunt. Ossa humana fragmanta inventa sunt. Bona testemonia ovium domesticarum quoque sunt.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/27926432 | titulus= A Late Neolithic Site near Ashkelon | nomen auctoris 1= Jean | cognomen auctoris 1= Perrot | nomen auctoris 2= Avi | cognomen auctoris 2= Gopher | domus editoria = Israel Exploration Journal | volumen= 46 | paginae= 145-166 | annus = 1996}}</ref> === Historia antiqua === {{Paginae principales|Ascalon (urbs antiqua)}} [[Fasciculus:Ashkelon – The Canaanite city gate and ramparts.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Ascalonis Chananaeae porta.]] Urbs [[Chanaan|Chananaea]] [[Saeculum 20 a.C.n.|saeculo vicensimo a.C.n.]] condita est, longitudine 1100 metrorum et latitudine 600 metrorum, moenibus quindecim metra altis circumdata.<ref name="BibleWalks">{{Opus | titulus = Tel Ashkelon | domus editoria = Bible Walks | url = https://www.biblewalks.com/ashkelon/ }}.</ref> Primum memorantur Ascalon in textibus execrationis [[Aegyptus|Aegyptiis]] quae ad {{Creanda|en|Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt|Domus Aegypti 11|undecimam dynastiam}} referuntur, et per dynastias {{Creanda|en|Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Domus Aegypti 18|XVIII}} ad XX fortasse urbs Chananaea Aegyptiorum imperio subiecta erat. Anno [[1280 a.C.n.]], frustra Ascalon contra [[Rhamses II|Ramsem II]] rebellavit. Anno [[1229 a.C.n.]], urbs ab [[Amenephthis|Amenephthe]] [[Pharao]]ne rursus capta est.<ref name="JewishLibrary">{{Opus | titulus = Ashkelon | domus editoria = Jewish Virtual Library | url = https://jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ashkelon }}.</ref> Ascalon a [[Tribus Iudae|tribu Iudae]] capta est:<ref name="BibleWalks"/> <blockquote>Cepitque Iudas [[Gaza]]m cum finibus suis et Ascalonem atque Accaron cum terminis suis. (Iudicum 1:18).<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_iudicum_lt.html | titulus= Nova Vulgata LIBER IUDICUM | domus editoria= Vatican}}.</ref></blockquote> [[Saeculum 12 a.C.n.|Saeculo duodecimo a.C.n.]], urbs a [[Philistae]]is capta est. Ascalon saepe in [[narratio]]nibus de [[Samson]]e in [[Biblia|Bibliis]] commemoratur. Quae urbs tempore {{Creanda|en|Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|Regnum Israeliticum (monarchia unita)|monarchiae Israeliticae}} adhuc erat Philistaeorum una ex praecipuis urbibus.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Saul (Rex)|Saul]], Israëlis Rex primus, Philistinos Philistinos vicit et multas urbes cepit. Rex ipse in proelio cecidit, [[David]]que lugens eos versiculos recitavit:<ref name="BibleWalks"/> <blockquote>Incliti, o Israel, super montes tuos interfecti, quomodo ceciderunt fortes! Nolite annuntiare in Geth neque annuntietis in compitis Ascalonis, ne forte laetentur filiae Philisthim, ne exsultent filiae incircumcisorum. (II Samuelis 1:19-20),<ref>{{opus |titulus=Nova Vulgata LIBER SECUNDUS SAMUELIS |domus editoria= Vatican | url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_ii-samuelis_lt.html}}.</ref></blockquote> Ascalonem punitum iri preaedixerunt prophetae [[Ieremias]], [[Amos (propheta)|Amos]], [[Sophonias]], et [[Zacharias (propheta)|Zacharias]].<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Saeculum 18 a.C.n.|Saeculo duodevicensimo a.C.n.]] a regno Ascalonis multas terras a regno expugnavit [[Assyria]], et Anno [[734 a.C.n.]] urbs a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Tiglatpileser III|Tiglatpilesero III|en|qid=Q210074}} capta est. Anno [[732 a.C.n.]] Rex Ascalonis frustra contra Assyrios rebellavit, propter quod urbs graviter punita est. [[Rex Sidqia]] postea participavit in alia rebellione contra Assyriam, duce [[Ezechias|Ezechia]]. Apud [[Sennacherib]], urbes Sidqiae prope [[Iappa|Iappam]] captae sunt, et Ascalon ipse se dedidit, cuius rex exsulatus est. Tributum quod Ascalon reddidit in inscriptionibus principum Esarhaddon et Assurbanipal memoratur, qui urbem fine [[Saeculum 7 a.C.n.|saeculi 7]] et initio [[Saeculum 6 a.C.n.|sexto a.C.n.]] ad [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegyptum]] pugnandum adhibuit. De calamitatibus quas urbs sufferebat scripserunt prophetae biblici.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> Cum imperium Assyriorum caderet, Aegyptus urbem occupavit. Anno [[604 a.C.n.]], Ascalon a [[Nabuchodonosor II|Nabuchodonosore]] deleta est, qui multos cives urbis exsulavit, quo facto sexcentorum annorum praesentiae Philistaeorum in Israele finis impositus est. Munitiones Ascalonis post Babylonicam excidionem non reaedificatae sunt.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/><ref name="BibleWalks"/> Sub [[Imperium Achaemenidarum|imperio Persarum]], quod Ascalonem a Babyloniis cepit, Iudaeis [[Ierusalem]] redire licuit, sed Ascalon tum pars provinciae Iudaeae non fuit. In Ascalone ceterisque urbibus Philistaeorum, habitabant [[Phoenices]], et ipsa Ascalon [[Tyros|Tyriorum]] dicioni parebat. Id urbi magnas divitias attulit. [[Archaeologus|Archaeologi]] in Ascalone magnum [[Ascalonis Canum Coemeterium|canum coemeterium]] invenerunt, quod ad ritum Phoenicum pertinebat. In eo coemeterio plus quam mille [[Canis|canes]] erant.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandro Magno]] Ascalon se anno [[332 a.C.n.]] dedit, neque, ut [[Gaza]], laesa est.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Post divisionem imperii [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandri]], Ascalon in [[Regnum Ptolemaicum|regno Ptolemaico]] erat, et urbs sui iuris facta est. Tum [[Iudaei]] in Ascalone [[floruit|floruerunt]]. Urbs deinde ab [[Antiochus III|Antiocho III]] capta sedes [[Cultura Graeca|culturae Graecae]] magni momenti facta est. Propter imminutam potentiam [[Seleucidae|Seleucidarum]], Anno [[104 a.C.n.]] Ascalon rursus in [[libertas|libertatem]] se recepit. Reges {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Hyrcanus|Ioannes Hyrcanus|en|he|qid=Q319043}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Alexander Jannaeus|Alexander Jannaeus|en|he|qid=Q319107}} ex [[Hasmonaei|genere Hasmonaeorum]] urbem capere frustra conati sunt.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Fasciculus:Ask NTL PARK.jpg|thumb|Columnae Romanae in Saepto Nationali Ascalonis.]] [[Imperium Romanum|Aetate Romana]], Colonia Ascalonensis liberate et foederata fuit. In urbe [[Paganismus|pagani]] [[Apollo|Apollinem]], [[Hercules|Herculem]], et [[Atargatis|Atargatidem]] venerati sunt, deam facie et parte superiore corporis muliebri, parte inferiore corporis et cauda piscis. [[Herodes Magnus|Herodes]], quamquam urbem non regebat, fora tamen ibi atque balnea publica hortosque exstruxit, fortasse quod ibi natus erat. In [[Primum Bellum Iudaicum|primo bello Iudaico]], Ascalon Iudaeos aggressus, victor exiit.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> Tempore [[Misna]] et [[Talmud]], [[Iudaei]] in urbe degere soliti sunt, quarum [[Synagoga|synagogas]] [[Synagoga|archeologi]] invenerunt. In Talmude de [[Arbustum|pomariis]], quae reditus e [[Babylonia]] prope Ascalonem fundaverunt, legitur.<ref name="JewishLibrary"/> [[Aetas Byzantina|Aetate Byzantina]], urbs [[Religio Christiana|Christiana]] facta est. Ascalon sedes commercii [[vinum|vini]] optimi et [[frumentum|frumenti]] erat.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Vinum]] ex Ascalone illo tempore in [[Anglia]] repertum est.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://cbnisrael.org/2024/10/15/biblical-israel-ashkelon-4/ | titulus= Biblical Israel: Ashkelon | cognomen auctoris= Turnage | nomen auctoris= Marc | tempus=15-10-2024 | domus editoria=CBN Israel}}.</ref> === Medium Aevum === Anno [[637]] Ascalon ab Arabibus capta atque deleta est. Anno [[685]] urbs restituta est, in qua iam et [[Christianus|Christiani]] et [[Iudaei]] et [[Samaritani]] et [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]] habitabant. Inter religiones interdum erant conflictus, propter quos ecclesia in urbe anno [[937]] combusta est.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> [[Fasciculus:Battle of Ascalon-engraving.jpg | thumb | Pugna Ascalonis]] Cum [[Regnum Hierosolymitanum]] a [[Expeditio sacra|crucesignatis]] conditum esset, urbs inter Christianos et Musulmanos finis facta est. Diu exercitus circa urbem pugnaverunt, et anno [[1099]] [[Pugna Ascalonis|pugna Ascalonis]] committeretur. Crucesignati Ascalonem aliquandiu teneuerunt, deinde ad [[Oriens|orientem]] se receperunt. Ab anno [[1101]] ad annum [[1114]] Aegyptii terram sanctam capere conabantur, dum duus exercitus circa urbem saepissime puganabant. Anno [[1125]] Rex [[Balduinus II (rex Hierosolymitanus)|Balduinus II]] Ascalonem capere frustra conatus est, anno autem [[1154]] [[Balduinus III (rex Hierosolymitanus)|Balduinus III]] successit. Urbs crucesignatis magni momenti fuit; anno autem [[1187]], [[4 Septembris|quarto die mensis Septembris]], a [[Saladinus|Saladino]] capta est, qui castella, ne Christiani eis uterentur, delevit.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Anno [[1191]], [[Ricardus I (rex Angliae)|Rex Ricardus I]] Ascalonem recepit atque muros aedificavit, quos Arabes rursus deleverunt. Anno [[1240]], [[Ricardus (comes Cornubiae)|Ricardus comes Cornubiae]] urbem iterum munivit. Anno autem [[1247]], [[Ayyubidae]] urbem ceperunt. Anno [[1270]], urbs a [[Mamluci|Mamlucis]] capta atque deleta est, nec Crucesignati eam rursus condiderunt. Dua [[oppidum|oppida]] Arabum, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Magdala||he|qid=Q132129150}} et Iagur, prope Ascalonem antiquam condita sunt, in quibus homines ex Aegypto vivebant.<ref name="BibleWalks"/> Ascalonis propter excidionem, Magdala magni momenti facta est.<ref>{{Opus | titulus= אשקלון - שכונת מגדל העברית | url= https://shimur.org/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%93%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA/ | domus editoria= מועצה לשימור אתרי מורשת בישראל | nomen auctoris 1= גד | cognomen auctoris 1= סובול | nomen auctoris 2= אבי | cognomen auctoris 2= ששון | tempus= 01-10-2008}}</ref> === Aetas Turcica ac Britannica === === Aetas Israelita === Die [[5 Novembris]] anno [[1948]], locus ab [[Israel|Israele]] captus est. Urbs primum [[Lingua Hebraica|Hebraice]] vocatus est “Migdal Aza”, postea “Migdal Gad”, anno tandem [[1951]] “Migdal Aškelon”. Anno [[1955]], urbs Migal Aškelon et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Afridar||he|qid=Q6632325}}, qui prope eam erat, in unum coniunctae sunt, et urbs una vocatur Ascalon.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/18231 | titulus= 70 שנה: 70 אירועים ודמויות מתולדות אשקלון | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | tempus= 19-04-2018 00:14 | nomen auctoris 1= ג'ני | cognomen auctoris 1= פרנקל שלום | nomen auctoris 2=גייל | cognomen auctoris 2= מיכאלי | nomen auctoris 3= אורי| cognomen auctoris 3= קריספין| nomen auctoris 4=דוד | cognomen auctoris 4= לוי}}</ref> == Demographia == Anno [[2023]], 86.1 centesimae hominum qui in Ascalone vivebant [[Iudaei]] erant, 0.4 centesimae [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]], et 13.5 centesimae alias [[Religio|religiones]] profitebantur.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2026/local_authorities23/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F.pdf | titulus= הרשויות המקומיות ישראל 2023 אשקלון | domus editoria= הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה }}.</ref> == Monumenta == === Saeptum Nationale Ascalonense === [[Fasciculus:Mosaic floor at Ashkelon.jpg |thumb|upright=0.8|[[Opus tessellatum]] in Saepto Nationali Ascalonense]] Ubi fuit urbs antiqua hodie est [[Saeptum Nationale Ascalonense]],<ref name="placesToVisit"/> quod anno [[1964]] primum [[saeptum nationale]] in Israele designatum est.<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/mobile/0,7340,L-2124593,00.html | titulus= הגן הלאומי באשקלון | nomen auctoris= בועז | cognomen auctoris= כרמל | tempus= 26-09-2002 10:59 | domus editoria= ynet }}.</ref> Muri, qui urbem circumdederunt, in eo loco quoque hodie sunt. Saeptum [[hortus|hortum]] multis [[statua|statuis]] Romanis ornatum habet.<ref name="placesToVisit">{{Opus | url= https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Ashkelon.html#Ashkelon | titulus= Ashkelon & Surroundings PLACES TO VISIT | domus editoria=Jewish Virtual Library}}.</ref> Altitudo vallis Chananaeae est 15 metra, latitudo 30 metra, longitudo 2200 metra.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.mako.co.il/travel-israel/magazine-themostbeautifulcities/Article-78f8f49c8c26371026.htm | domus editoria= mako | titulus= חופש הערים הכי יפות בארץ. מה יש לעשות באשקלון| tempus=19-05-2021}}.</ref> In saepto est basilica Romana, quam [[archeologus|archaeologi]] ab [[Herodes Magnus|Herode]] conditam esse putant,<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/2000-year-old-basilica-unearthed-in-ashkelon-669665 |titulus=2,000-year-old basilica unearthed in Ashkelon | nomen auctoris=Rosella | cognomen auctoris=Tercatin | domus editoria=Jerusalem Post | tempus=31-05-2021 19:25}}.</ref> et maximum in orbe terrarum canum coemeterium.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/mobile/0,7340,L-5047211,00.html | titulus=תעלומת בית הקברות לכלבים הגדול בעולם שהתגלה באשקלון | nomen auctoris= אסף| cognomen auctoris= קמר| tempus= 25-11-2017 07:59 | domus editoria= ynet}}.</ref> Anno [[2024]] Saeptum quintum in popularitate in Israele fuit; anno autem [[2025]] secundum.<ref>{{Opus | titulus= גם ב-2025 – זה אתר הטיולים הפופולרי בישראל | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/vacation/israeltrips/article/rjp9q7egwl | nomen auctoris= אסף| cognomen auctoris= רוזן| domus editoria=ynet | tempus= 08-12-2025 15:00 }}.</ref> Multa animalia quoquoe in hoc loco vivunt. [[Dendrocopos syriacus]], [[Upapa]], et [[Psittacula krameri]] in cavis arborum [[Tamarix|tamaricis]] veterum nidificant; [[Prinia gracilis]], [[Burhinus]], [[Passer hispaniolensis]], et [[Lanius nubicus]] in campis. [[Jynx torquilla]] et [[Luscinia svecica]] hieme in saepto inveniuntur. [[Laudakia stellio]], [[Vulpes vulpes]], [[Gazella gazella gazella]], [[Herpestes]], et [[Caretta caretta]] quoque invenientur in hoc loco.<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/environment-science/article/skv5vvbsn | titulus= מחרדונים ועד נמיות: הצצה לעולם החי הקסום בגן הלאומי תל אשקלון | domus editoria= ynet | tempus= 28-07-2023 16:28}}.</ref> === Monumentum in honorem caesorum in bellis Israel === [[Fasciculus:Lanoflim Askelon 11.jpg | thumb |upright=0.8|[[Monumentum]] in honorem caesorum in bellis Israeliensibus.]] {{Creanda|he|אנדרטה לנופלים (אשקלון) | Monumentum in honorem caesorum in bellis Israel}} in prato herboso est ante [[Curia municipalis|curiam municipalem]]. Elementum sculptile compositum virtutem et bellum significat. Parietes aedificii sexanguli tabulas marmoris nigras constant, in quibus inscripta sunt nomina caesorum. In parite contra inscriptum est “Aeternum vobis gratias agimus. De gerenatione in generationem gloriam eorum narrabimus.”<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.izkor.gov.il/monument/en_d9b0257bc0e71a1983f1ec8d7e8bde66/ | titulus= אנדרטה לנופלים במערכות ישראל. אשקלון| domus editoria= יזכור }}.</ref> ===Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis=== [[Fasciculus:מרינה אשקלון.PNG | thumb |upright=0.8|Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis.]] {{Creanda|he| מרינה אשקלון | Portus Navigiorum Ascalonensis}}, anno [[1991]] conditus, locus est ad navigia velifera et [[Navis lusoria |naves lusorias]] ancorandas, et multasque [[Popina sellariola| popinas sellariolas]] habet.<ref>{{Opus| url= https://baliletayel.co.il/atraction/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%9E/ | titulus= המרינה של אשקלון – טיילת אטרקטיבית לצד מעגן סירות | domus editoria= בא לי לטייל}}.</ref> Portus, qui plerumque ad oblectamentum destinatur, in {{Creanda| en| Twelve-Day War |bello contra Iraniam}} magni momenti factus est. Homines eo usi sunt ut via ad Israëlem ingrediendum et ex eo egrediendum esset, cum [[aeroportus]] clausus esset.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/95583 | titulus= מי היה מאמין? זה התפקיד של המרינה באשקלון במלחמה עם איראן | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | tempus= 18-06-2025 15:22}}.</ref> Porum visitant non modo qui in Ascalone habitant, sed quoque in [[Berosaba]], [[Azotus|Azoto]], [[Kiriat-Gat]], et aliis urbibus.<ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.israelhayom.co.il/travel/tourism-news/article/19966651 | titulus= שעה מתל אביב: מתחם הבילוי שעבר מהפך - וכולם נוהרים אליו | nomen auctoris= ליאת | cognomen auctoris= מופז מילצ'ן | tempus= 23-02-2026 19:40 | domus editoria= ישראל היום}}.</ref> == Urbes geminae == * {{Vexillum icon|Canada}} [[Côte Saint-Luc]], [[Quebecum]], [[Canada]] (ab anno [[1975]])<ref>{{opus | url=https://cotesaintluc.org/en/the-city/about-csl/ | titulus=About CSL | domus editoria= cotesaintluc.org}}</ref><ref>{{opus | url=https://www.bnaibrith.ca/advocacy/jewish-heritage-month/jhm-cote-saint-luc/ | titulus=JEWISH HERITAGE MONTH PARTNER: COTE SAINT LUC, QUEBEC | domus editoria= Bnai Brith Canada}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Ruthenia Alba}} [[Grodna]], [[Ruthenia Alba]] (ab anno [[2011]])<ref>{{Opus | tempus= 23-02-2011 | url= https://ashkelon.news/article/9023 |titulus= עוד עיר תאומה ברית ערים תאומות נחתמה בין העיר אשקלון לגרודנו (בלרוס). רה"ע של גרודנו קוזלקוב בוריס הגיע לאשקלון עם אנשי עסקים המעוניינים ליצור קשרי מסחר | domus editoria= ashkelon.news}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | tempus= 2011-03-01 13:16 | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402150430/https://news.tut.by/society/216834.html | titulus= Израильский город Ашкелон стал двенадцатым городом-побратимом Гродно | domus editoria=news.tut.by}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Francia}} [[Aquae Sextiae]], [[Francia]] (ab anno [[1994]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.aixenprovence.fr/Ashkelon-ISRAEL | titulus=Ashkelon (ISRAEL) | domus editoria= aixenprovence.fr}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Germania}} [[Pancovium]], [[Germania]] (Ab anno [[1994]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.berlin.de/ba-pankow/ueber-den-bezirk/staedtepartner/artikel.1535473.en.php | titulus = City Partnerships | domus editoria= Bezirksamt Pankow}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url=https://pankow-ashkelon.org/en/about-us | titulus= About Us | domus editoria= Freundeskreis Berlin Pankow-Ashkelon}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Portlandia (Oregonia)|Portlandia]], [[Oregonia]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[1987]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.studycountry.com/wiki/what-is-portland-oregon-sister-city | titulus=What is Portland Oregon sister city? | domus editoria= studycountry.com}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Baltimora (Terra Mariae)|Baltimora]], [[Terra Mariae]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[2003]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://baltimorefishbowl.com/stories/baltimores-awkward-relationship-sister-cities/ |domus editoria= Baltimore Fish Bowl | titulus=Baltimore’s Awkward Relationship with Our Sister Cities |nomen auctoris=Rachel | cognomen auctoris=Monroe | tempus=22-04-2014}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url= https://www.jewishtimes.com/baltimore-ashkelon-partnership-supports-israeli-city-after-rocket-strikes/ | titulus= Baltimore-Ashkelon Partnership Supports Israeli City After Rocket Strikes | nomen auctoris=Jillian |cognomen auctoris=Diamond | tempus=24-05-2023 | domus editoria=Jewish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Opus |url=https://associated.org/stories/the-baltimore-ashkelon-partnership-celebrating-20-years/ | titulus=The Baltimore-Ashkelon Partnership: Celebrating 20 Years | domus editoria= The Associated Jewish Federation in Baltimore}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} [[Sacramentum (California)|Sacramentum]], [[California]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (ab anno [[2012]])<ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/after-battle-sacramento-okays-sisterhood-with-ashkelon/ | domus editoria= Times of Israel | titulus= After battle, Sacramento okays sisterhood with Ashkelon | nomen auctoris= Joshua | cognomen auctoris= Davidovich | tempus=15-08-2012}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/sumy-ukraine-becomes-sacramentos-latest-sister-city/ | titulus=Sumy, Ukraine becomes Sacramento's latest Sister City | domus editoria= CBS News | nomen auctoris=Cecilio | cognomen auctoris= Padilla| tempus=29-06-2023}} “Eleven other cities have been named Sister Cities with Sacramento … Ashkelon, Israel”</ref><ref>{{Opus |url=https://jweekly.com/2012/08/17/its-unanimous-sacramento-ashkelon-now-sister-cities/ | domus editoria= Jewish Weekly | titulus= Its unanimous: Sacramento, Ashkelon now sister cities | nomen auctoris= Emma | cognomen auctoris=Silvers |tempus=17-08-2012}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Polonia}} [[Sopot (Polonia)|Sopot]], [[Polonia]] (ab anno [[1993]] ad annum [[2025]])<ref>{{Opus | titulus= Sopot pierwszym samorządem w Polsce, który zerwał partnerstwo z izraelskim miastem. Zdecydowali o tym radni | url= https://trojmiasto.wyborcza.pl/trojmiasto/7,35612,32429747,sopot-pierwszy-w-polsce-zerwal-partnerstwo-z-izraelskim-miastem.html | tempus=27-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= Maciej | cognomen auctoris= Pietrzak | domus editoria= wyborcza.pl}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= הלחץ הפרו-פלסטיני הכריע 30 שנות יחסים: בוטל הסכם "ערים תאומות" בין אשקלון לסופוט | url= https://www.maariv.co.il/news/world/article-1257675 | tempus=01-12-2025 | nomen auctoris= דן | cognomen auctoris= עזרא | domus editoria= מעריב}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= "בגלל רצח העם בעזה": עיירת נופש בפולין ביטלה ברית ערים תאומות עם אשקלון | url= https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/r1ucjukbbx | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris 1= איתמר | cognomen auctoris 1= אייכנר | domus editoria= ynet | nomen auctoris 2= רוני | cognomen auctoris 2= גרין שאולוב}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= לאחר 32 שנים: בוטלה שותפות עיר תאומה עם אשקלון בגלל "רצח עם בעזה" | url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/99197 | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= דוד | cognomen auctoris= לוי | domus editoria= כאן חדשות דרום אשקלון}}</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus= "רצח עם": העיר באירופה שביטלה הסכם ערים עם אשקלון | url= https://www.i24news.tv/he/news/international/europe/artc-30d542eb | tempus=30-11-2025 | nomen auctoris= מעיין | cognomen auctoris= רפאל | domus editoria= i24}}.</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|Ucraina}} [[Uman]], [[Regio Circassiensis]], [[Ucraina]] (ab anno [[2010]])<ref>{{Opus|url=https://uman-rada.gov.ua/index.php/mizhnarodni-zviazky | domus editoria=Уманська міська рада Виконавчий комітет | titulus=Міжнародні зв'язки}}</ref> * {{Vexillum icon|India}} [[Vadodara]], [[Guzarata]], [[India]] (ab anno [[2017]])<ref>{{Opus | url = https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/municipality/10841 | titulus= אשקלון-בארודה ערים תאומות: ראש הממשלה מברך| domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון | nomen auctoris= ג'ני | cognomen auctoris= פרנקל שלום | tempus= 8-12-2017 15:13 }}</ref><ref>{{Opus| url= https://www.kan-ashkelon.co.il/news/11526 | titulus= העירייה: כ-2,000 משתתפים בפסטיבל הודו באשקלון | domus editoria= כאן דרום אשקלון| nomen auctoris= אלירם | cognomen auctoris= משה | tempus= 20-12-2017 12:07 }}</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Nexus interni == * [[Ascalon (urbs antiqua)]] * [[Israël]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Ashkelon|Ascalonam}} {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Israel]] [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae]] [[Categoria:Urbes Israelis]] lyns3ohgz3kcsqfixqwrxh8i43s1wsn 0 285404 3959226 3726161 2026-05-12T06:50:57Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Capsa taxinomica | image = Sydney rock oysters.jpg | image_caption = ''Saccostreae glomeratae'' ad saxum pendentes ([[Wingan Inlet]] in [[Australia]]) | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Mollusca]] | classis = [[Bivalvia]] | ordo = [[Ostreida]] | familia = [[Ostreidae]] | genus = ''[[Saccostrea]]'' | species = '''''S. glomerata''''' | binomial = ''Saccostrea glomerata'' | binomial_authority = ([[Augustus Addison Gould|Gould]], 1850) | synonyms = * ''Saccostrea commercialis'' (Iredale & Roughley, 1933) }} '''''Saccostrea glomerata''''' est species [[bivalvia|bivalvium]] familiae [[Ostreidae|Ostreidarum]] ad litora [[Australia]]e et [[Nova Zelandia|Novae Zelandiae]] sponte gignens et ad comedendum collecta. Circum [[Sydneium]] Australiae iam ab anno [[1872]] colitur. Ibidem variis modis ad comedendum paratur. == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:New Zealand rose paired with Rock oysters.jpg|thumb|''Saccostreae glomeratae'' cum [[vinum Novozelandense|vino roseo Novozelandensi]] inferuntur]] * George C. Matthiessen, ''Oyster Culture'' (Oxoniae: Fishing News Books, 2001. ISBN 0-85238-279-0) pp. 21, 70-71 * John A. Nell, "[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-History-of-Oyster-Farming-in-Australia-Nell/c42c386ab21011a88380c8e3d8bd2e7b3c4b7710 The History of Oyster Farming in Australia]" in ''Marine Fisheries Review'' vol. 63 (2001) pp. 14-25 * Ramasamy Santhanam, ''Biology and Ecology of Edible Marine Bivalve Molluscs'' (Apple Academic Press, 2018) pp. 45-46 {{Google Books|8llgDwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} * Peggy Schrobback, Sean Pascoe, Louisa Coglan, "[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/History%2C-status-and-future-of-Australia’s-native-Schrobback-Pascoe/9f6139fd9e276f1d477f4c0af6db2af688d5cd10 History, status and future of Australia’s native Sydney rock oyster industry]" in ''Aquatic Living Resources'' vol. 27 (2014) pp. 153–165 == Nexus externi == [[Fasciculus:Oysters (2694956671).jpg|thumb|''Saccostreae glomeratae'' cultae [[Sydneium|Sydnei]] in urbe inferuntur]] {{Fontes biologici}} {{CommuniaCat|Saccostrea glomerata|Saccostream glomeratam}} * "[http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Saccostrea_commercialis/en Saccostrea commercialis (Iredale & Roughley, 1933)]" apud [[FAO]] ''Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme'' * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20190422044834/https://www.delicious.com.au/food-files/ingredient-guide/article/why-sydney-rock-oysters-best-world/AZahY0yU Why Sydney rock oysters are the best in the world]" apud ''Delicious'' * "[https://australianfoodtimeline.com.au/oyster-farming-begins/ 1872 Oyster farming begins in Sydney]" apud ''Australian food history timeline'' * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20200122201911/http://www.harleyjohnseafood.com.au/fresh-oysters/ We source our oysters from Australia’s Oyster Coast]" [[Categoria:Ostreidae]] [[Categoria:Mollusca culta]] [[Categoria:Taxa Gould]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1850]] [[Categoria:Species animalium]] [[Categoria:Alimenta Australiana]] [[Categoria:Sydneium]] ik1j245vwy3b033hf8ejlq87ylp7zrd 0 289560 3959205 3541227 2026-05-11T21:33:36Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 Minora correxi. 3959205 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable floatright" ! colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffe000;" | Ganglion inferius nervi vagi<br />''Ganglion nodosum'' |- ! colspan="2" | Cognitores |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Terminologia Anatomica|TA]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.2.01.157%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm A14.2.01.157] |- ! colspan="2" | Anatomia |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | <div style="position: relative;">[[Fasciculus:Gray791.png|250px|ganglia superiora et inferiora]]</div> |- | colspan="3" style="font-size:85%; width:250px" | Nervorum et [[Nervus vagus|vagi]] et [[Nervus glossopharyngeus|glossopharyngei]] ganglia superiora et inferiora. '''Ganglion nodosum''' in media imagine visibile est. |} '''Ganglion inferius nervi vagi''' sive '''ganglion nodosum''' est ''ganglion sensorium'', fibris afferentibus et somaticis et visceralibus, et pars [[nervus vagus|nervi vagi]]. Invenitur in [[foramen iugulare|foramine iugulari]] situm, quo nervus vagus ab [[cranium|cranio]] exit; [[Ganglion superius nervi vagi|ganglioni ''superiori'']] paululum maius est. == Natura ganglioni iugularis == Ganglioni [[neuron]]a sunt [[neuron pseudounipolare|pseudounipolaria]], quae sunt ''afferentes viscerales'', ab [[caliculus gustatererius|caliculis gustatereriis]] [[epiglottis|epiglottidis]] orientes, in [[Nucleus tractus solitarii|nucleum tractus solitarii]] terminantes; at ''afferentes somaticae'' ex cute in [[nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini|nucleum spinalem nervi trigemini]]. === Neurochemia === Intra ganglion nodosum varietates neurotransmissorum locatae sunt<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Zhuo H., Ichikawa H., Helke C. J. |title=Neurochemistry of the Nodose Ganglion |journal=Progress in neurobiology |year=1997 |{month=Iun |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=79-107 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9185234/}}</ref>. == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Pseudounipolar bipolar neurons.svg|Neurona et [[neuron pseudounipolare|pseudounipolare]] (1) et [[neuron bipolare|bipolare]] (2) </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{biologia-stipula}} [[Categoria:Nervus vagus]] [[Categoria:Systema nervosum autonomicum]] dz78i7yur9uvflnvmny5orrrl6v1f09 0 289917 3959204 3544834 2026-05-11T21:25:26Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 Nervus vagus non est ganglion, sed ex ganglionibus compositus est. 3959204 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable floatright" ! colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffe000;" | Ganglion autonomicum |- ! colspan="2" | Cognitores |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Terminologia Anatomica|TA]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.2.00.008%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm A14.2.00.008] |- ! colspan="2" | Anatomia |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | <div style="position: relative;">[[Fasciculus:Gray839.png|300px|Systema nervosum autonomicum]]</div> |- | colspan="3" style="font-size:85%; width:300px" | Systema nervosum autonomicum cum ganglionibus autonomicis in parte sympathica (rubre) cum [[truncus sympathicus|trunci sympathici]] ganglionibus velut parte in parasympathica (caerulee) cum ganglionibus organorum viciniis. |} '''Ganglion autonomicum'''<ref name="FCAT">Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (1998). ''Terminologia Anatomica''. Stutgardiae: Thieme</ref> est aggregatio nervorum perikarya intra [[systema nervosum autonomicum]]. Ganglia sympathica [[truncus sympathicus|truncum sympathicum]] non procul ab [[medulla spinalis|medulla spinali]] formant, at ganglia ''parasympathica'' in organorum proximitate inveniuntur. In ganglionibus nervi ''praeganglionares'' cum ''postganglionaribus'' inter se nectant. Neurotransmissor communis nervorum ''praeganglionarium'' est [[acetylcholinum]] (ACh), et in parte sympathica et parasympathica. Utriusque partis receptoria quoque eadem [[receptorium acetylcholini nicotinicum|''nicotinica'']] sunt. == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|[[Acetylcholinum]] est neurotransmissor '''ganglionorum autonomicorum.''' Fasciculus:NACh receptor.PNG|Receptorio nicotinico [[canalis ionticus]] est. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Synapsis chemica]] == Nexus externi == * ''libretexts.org'': [https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/14%3A_Autonomic_Nervous_System/14.2%3A_Structure_of_the_Autonomic_Nervous_System/14.2B%3A_Autonomic_Ganglia autonomic ganglia] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{biologia-stipula}} [[Categoria:Systema nervosum autonomicum]] oi3r17fzon3qzch8imttt4wudi69l49 0 290544 3959173 3614069 2026-05-11T16:41:05Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959173 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Phenol2.svg|thumb|120px|Phenolum]] '''Phenolum,''' vel '''acidum carbolicum''' et '''acidum phenylicum,''' est [[compositum chemicum]], quae anno [[1834]] a quodam Runge [[inventio|inventum fuit]]. Formula summarum<ref>L. Reutter de Rosemont, ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique'' (Lutetia Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, 1917), 507.</ref> est <chem>C6H5OH</chem>. === Descriptio === Massa [[Crystallum|crystallina]] radiata, vel crystalli aculosi. Liquescens ad temperaturas 33 ad 40°C. Crystalli evaporent sine residuo ad [[temperatura]]m 100°C.<ref>''Pharmacopoea Helvetica'' (Scaphusiae, 1872), 5.</ref> == Notae == <references/> {{chem-stipula}} {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Phenola|!]] [[Categoria:Toxicologia]] cwbbm0952a26t1pf38g945avfzgcj06 3959174 3959173 2026-05-11T16:44:28Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959174 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Phenol2.svg|thumb|120px|Phenolum]] '''Phenolum,''' vel '''acidum carbolicum''' et '''acidum phenylicum,''' est [[compositum chemicum]], quae anno [[1834]] a quodam Runge [[inventio|inventum fuit]]. Formula summarum<ref>L. Reutter de Rosemont, ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique'' (Lutetia Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, 1917), 507.</ref> est <chem>C6H5OH</chem>. === Descriptio === Massa [[Crystallum|crystallina]] radiata, vel crystalli aculosi. Liquescens ad temperaturas 33 ad 40°C. Crystalli evaporantur sine residuo ad [[temperatura]]m 100°C.<ref>''Pharmacopoea Helvetica'' (Scaphusiae, 1872), 5.</ref> == Notae == <references/> {{chem-stipula}} {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Phenola|!]] [[Categoria:Toxicologia]] 9v3mazg099epzrtu1l64fgbygeom6yn 3959175 3959174 2026-05-11T16:48:57Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959175 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Phenol2.svg|thumb|120px|Phenolum]] '''Phenolum,''' vel '''acidum carbolicum''' et '''acidum phenylicum,''' est [[compositum chemicum]], quae anno [[1834]] a quodam Runge [[inventio|inventum fuit]]. Formula summarum<ref>L. Reutter de Rosemont, ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique'' (Lutetia Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, 1917), 507.</ref> est <chem>C6H5OH</chem>. Ut omnia alia phenola [[acidum|acidum debile]] est in quo grex [[Hydroxylum|hydroxylum]] -OH cum cyclo aromatico iunctus est. === Descriptio === Massa [[Crystallum|crystallina]] radiata, vel crystalli aculosi. Liquescens ad temperaturas 33 ad 40°C. Crystalli evaporantur sine residuo ad [[temperatura]]m 100°C.<ref>''Pharmacopoea Helvetica'' (Scaphusiae, 1872), 5.</ref> == Notae == <references/> {{chem-stipula}} {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Phenola|!]] [[Categoria:Toxicologia]] fl8n9l4vzfxzu2rsz1df0516nfma1mo 3959176 3959175 2026-05-11T16:55:39Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959176 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Phenol2.svg|thumb|120px|Phenolum]] '''Phenolum,''' vel '''acidum carbolicum''' et '''acidum phenylicum,''' est [[compositum chemicum]], quae anno [[1834]] a quodam Runge [[inventio|inventum fuit]]. Formula summarum<ref>L. Reutter de Rosemont, ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique'' (Lutetia Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, 1917), 507.</ref> est <chem>C6H5OH</chem>. Ut omnia alia phenola [[acidum|acidum debile]] est in quo grex [[Hydroxylum|hydroxylum]] -OH cum cyclo aromatico iunctus est. Olim ex [[Destillatio|destillatione]] [[carbo|carbonis]], hodie ex [[Benzenum|benzeno]] producitur. === Descriptio === Massa [[Crystallum|crystallina]] radiata, vel crystalli aculosi. Liquescens ad temperaturas 33 ad 40°C. Crystalli evaporantur sine residuo ad [[temperatura]]m 100°C.<ref>''Pharmacopoea Helvetica'' (Scaphusiae, 1872), 5.</ref> == Notae == <references/> {{chem-stipula}} {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Phenola|!]] [[Categoria:Toxicologia]] 26aa8fpvrii2snq020sr16ai708l175 3959179 3959176 2026-05-11T16:58:03Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959179 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Phenol2.svg|thumb|120px|Phenolum]] '''Phenolum,''' vel '''acidum carbolicum''' et '''acidum phenylicum,''' est [[compositum chemicum]], quae anno [[1834]] a quodam Runge [[inventio|inventum fuit]]. Formula summarum<ref>L. Reutter de Rosemont, ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique'' (Lutetia Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, 1917), 507.</ref> est <chem>C6H5OH</chem>. Ut omnia alia phenola [[acidum|acidum debile]] est in quo grex [[Hydroxylum|hydroxylum]] -OH cum cyclo aromatico iunctus est. Olim ex [[Destillatio|destillatione]] [[carbo|carbonis]], hodie ex [[Benzenum|benzeno]] producitur. === Descriptio === Massa [[Crystallum|crystallina]] radiata, vel crystalli aculosi. Liquescens ad temperaturas 33 ad 40°C. Crystalli [[Evaporatio|evaporantur]] sine residuo ad [[temperatura]]m 100°C.<ref>''Pharmacopoea Helvetica'' (Scaphusiae, 1872), 5.</ref> == Notae == <references/> {{chem-stipula}} {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Phenola|!]] [[Categoria:Toxicologia]] 3b93qv9lnb0jzuvrikbhg83x5zp0rcq 3959180 3959179 2026-05-11T16:59:02Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Phenol2.svg|thumb|120px|Phenolum]] '''Phenolum,''' vel '''acidum carbolicum''' et '''acidum phenylicum,''' est [[compositum chemicum]], quae anno [[1834]] a quodam Runge [[inventio|inventum fuit]]. Formula summarum<ref>L. Reutter de Rosemont, ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique'' (Lutetia Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, 1917), 507.</ref> est <chem>C6H5OH</chem>. Ut omnia alia phenola [[acidum|acidum debile]] est in quo grex [[Hydroxylum|hydroxylum]] -OH cum cyclo aromatico iunctus est. Olim ex [[Destillatio|destillatione]] [[carbo|carbonis]], hodie ex [[Benzenum|benzeno]] <chem>C6H6</chem> producitur. === Descriptio === Massa [[Crystallum|crystallina]] radiata, vel crystalli aculosi. Liquescens ad temperaturas 33 ad 40°C. Crystalli [[Evaporatio|evaporantur]] sine residuo ad [[temperatura]]m 100°C.<ref>''Pharmacopoea Helvetica'' (Scaphusiae, 1872), 5.</ref> == Notae == <references/> {{chem-stipula}} {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Phenola|!]] [[Categoria:Toxicologia]] qy4oja6uc55txv4lyk4vv4q8zt1sper 3959181 3959180 2026-05-11T17:00:00Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Phenol2.svg|thumb|120px|Phenolum]] '''Phenolum,''' vel '''acidum carbolicum''' et '''acidum phenylicum,''' est [[compositum chemicum]], quae anno [[1834]] a quodam Runge [[inventio|inventum fuit]]. Formula summarum<ref>L. Reutter de Rosemont, ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique'' (Lutetia Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, 1917), 507.</ref> est <chem>C6H5OH</chem>. Ut omnia alia phenola [[acidum|acidum debile]] est in quo grex [[Hydroxylum|hydroxylum]] -OH cum cyclo aromatico iunctus est. Olim ex [[Destillatio|destillatione]] [[carbo|carbonis]], hodie ex [[Benzenum|benzeno]] <chem>C6H6</chem> per substitutionem producitur. === Descriptio === Massa [[Crystallum|crystallina]] radiata, vel crystalli aculosi. Liquescens ad temperaturas 33 ad 40°C. Crystalli [[Evaporatio|evaporantur]] sine residuo ad [[temperatura]]m 100°C.<ref>''Pharmacopoea Helvetica'' (Scaphusiae, 1872), 5.</ref> == Notae == <references/> {{chem-stipula}} {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Phenola|!]] [[Categoria:Toxicologia]] imb7ojkudumnona7zapkp7iobqkgc7x 3959183 3959181 2026-05-11T17:04:57Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Notae */ 3959183 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Phenol2.svg|thumb|120px|Phenolum]] '''Phenolum,''' vel '''acidum carbolicum''' et '''acidum phenylicum,''' est [[compositum chemicum]], quae anno [[1834]] a quodam Runge [[inventio|inventum fuit]]. Formula summarum<ref>L. Reutter de Rosemont, ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique'' (Lutetia Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, 1917), 507.</ref> est <chem>C6H5OH</chem>. Ut omnia alia phenola [[acidum|acidum debile]] est in quo grex [[Hydroxylum|hydroxylum]] -OH cum cyclo aromatico iunctus est. Olim ex [[Destillatio|destillatione]] [[carbo|carbonis]], hodie ex [[Benzenum|benzeno]] <chem>C6H6</chem> per substitutionem producitur. === Descriptio === Massa [[Crystallum|crystallina]] radiata, vel crystalli aculosi. Liquescens ad temperaturas 33 ad 40°C. Crystalli [[Evaporatio|evaporantur]] sine residuo ad [[temperatura]]m 100°C.<ref>''Pharmacopoea Helvetica'' (Scaphusiae, 1872), 5.</ref> == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Phenol phenolum] pertinent. {{chem-stipula}} {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Phenola|!]] [[Categoria:Toxicologia]] eyspt6aivik2xc7t47faguhw9nep85m 3959184 3959183 2026-05-11T17:09:39Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3959184 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Phenol2.svg|thumb|120px|Phenolum]] '''Phenolum,''' vel '''acidum carbolicum''' et '''acidum phenylicum,''' est [[compositum chemicum]], quae anno [[1834]] a quodam Runge [[inventio|inventum fuit]]. Formula summarum<ref>L. Reutter de Rosemont, ''Traité de chimie médico-pharmaceutique'' (Lutetia Parisiorum: Typis Octavius Doin, 1917), 507.</ref> est <chem>C6H5OH</chem>. Ut omnia alia phenola [[acidum|acidum debile]] est in quo grex [[Hydroxylum|hydroxylum]] -OH cum cyclo aromatico iunctus est. Olim ex [[Destillatio|destillatione]] [[carbo|carbonis]], hodie ex [[Benzenum|benzeno]] <chem>C6H6</chem> per substitutionem producitur. In medicina adversus microorganismos adhibetur quia toxicum est. === Descriptio === Massa [[Crystallum|crystallina]] radiata, vel crystalli aculosi. Liquescens ad temperaturas 33 ad 40°C. Crystalli [[Evaporatio|evaporantur]] sine residuo ad [[temperatura]]m 100°C.<ref>''Pharmacopoea Helvetica'' (Scaphusiae, 1872), 5.</ref> == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Phenol phenolum] pertinent. {{chem-stipula}} {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Phenola|!]] [[Categoria:Toxicologia]] iwpqvfevx3m8mk4cx7pqun78gnmgv3w 0 302604 3959201 3958967 2026-05-11T21:10:15Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3959201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{flumen|Lutra|[[Fasciculus:Wolfstein_air-2.jpg|thumb|center|Lutra in Wolfstein]]<br />Valles Lutra [[Rhenania et Palatinatus]]）| 39.4 | 249 | | 275.649 | Apud [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]] | [[Angulus Lutrae|Anguli Lutrae]] in [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glanem]] | [[Rhenania et Palatinatus]], [[Germania]] |}} '''Lutra'''<ref>Michaelis Antonii Baudrand Parisini ''Geographia'', p. 597 [https://books.google.co.cr/books?id=2spaaIl-Y0oC].</ref> est [[amnis influens]] a [[orographica dextra et sinistra|dextra]] [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glanis]] in [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenania et Palatinatu]], terra [[Germania]]e, 39.4 km longus, qui in Silva Palatinata oritur, [[Valles Lutra|Vallem Lutram]] perfluit, inde ad Glanem per [[Montes Palatinatus Borealis]] tendit. [[Theodisce]] vocatur quoque ''Waldlauter'' ("Lutra Silvestris") ut a [[Murga|Lutra]] altera in Palatinatu meridiano sita (''Wieslauter'') distinguatur. == Geographia == Oritur Lutra fluvius circa 3 km in orientalem et australem partem a [[Caesarea Lutra]], non longe a Via Terrae&nbsp;504, altitudine 249 m super mare, ex ''Lauterspring'' ("Fons Lutrae") in fontibus, quibus nomen est [[Hungerbrunnen (Kaiserslautern)|Hungerbrunnen]]. Inde apud Viam 504 in aquilonem currens in urbem Caesaream Lutram venit, quam fossis cohibita plerumque subterraneis percurrit. In [[Horti Caesareae Lutrae|Hortis Caesareae Lutrae]] est stagnum facticium, quo ex fonte "Lutra Nova" Hortum Pistrini Novi transit. Lutra sub terram ducta cum Lutra Nova confluit ad fines boreales urbis in [[purgatorium aquae|purgatorio aquae]], unde maxime in septentrionem et occidentem tendit per [[Otterbach (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Otterbach]], [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref>, [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> , [[Untersulzbach (Sulzbachtal)|Untersulzbach]], [[Olsbrücken]], [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium|Torrentem Corvinum-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref>, [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petram]], [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach]], [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen''.</ref> et [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Lohnweiler''.</ref>, donec [[Angulus Lutrae|Anguli Lutrae]] – cui nomen a fluvio ducitur – 159 m super mare miscetur a dextra [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glani]].<ref>Ex Michaelis Antonii Baudrand Parisini ''Geographia'', p. 597, flumen ex confluente Lutrae et Glanis partem Lutrae nec Glanis habitum videtur.</ref> In cursu 39,4&nbsp;km longo Lutra per intervallum 90 m cadit, quo declinatio media 2,3 millesimarum redditur, aquas de [[pelvis hydrographica|pelve hydrographica]] 275,649&nbsp;km² per Glanem, [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]] [[Rhenus|Rhenum]]que ducens in [[Mare Germanicum]]. === Influentes === Lutrae longissimum flumen influens est [[Eselsbach (Lutra)|Eselsbach]], 12,3&nbsp;km longum, cum [[Mooslauter]], 10,3&nbsp;km longum, maximam pelvem hydrographicam (50,517&nbsp;km²) habeat. Hic memorantur in ordine ex fonte in exitum amnes influentes Lutrae, qui ex procuratione aquarum Rhenaniae et Palatinatus ducuntur, cum orographica situ exitus,<ref name="TK25">Topografische Karte 1:25.000</ref> longitudine, magnitudine pelvis hydrographicae, altitudine exitus<ref name="TK25" />, et numero amnis. {|class="wikitable" |- !Nomen || Situs || Longitudo (km) || Magnitudo pelvis hydrographicae (km²) || Altitudo exitus || Numerus |- | [[Hammerbacum (Lutra)|Hammerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | sinister | align="right" | 3,2 | align="right" | 3,813 | align="right" | 233 | 25466-2 |- | [[Eselsbacum (Lutra)|Eselsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 12,3 | align="right" | 27,888 | align="right" | 226 | 25466-4 |- | [[Otterbacum (Lutra)|Otterbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 9,1 | align="right" | 29,564 | align="right" | 217 | 25466-6 |- | [[Frauenwiesbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 4,4 | align="right" | 10,344 | align="right" | 215 | 25466-72 |- | [[Kohbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,5 | align="right" | 0,820 | align="right" | 214 | 25466-732 |- | [[Eimerbacum (Lutra)|Eimerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,1 | align="right" | 1,092 | align="right" | 214 | 25466-734 |- | [[Becherbacum (Lutra)|Becherbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 5,5 | align="right" | 5,080 | align="right" | 211 | 25466-74 |- | [[Mehlbacum (Lutra)|Mehlbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 5,0 | align="right" | 3,718 | align="right" | 210 | 25466-76 |- | [[Lauterbacum (Lutra)|Lauterbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 4,7 | align="right" | 4,259 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-78 |- | [[Mooslauter]] | sinister | align="right" | 10,3 | align="right" | 50,517 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-8 |- | [[Wohlbacum (Lutra)|Wohlbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 2,4 | align="right" | 1,979 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-9112 |- | [[Sulzbacum (Lutra)|Sulzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,3 | align="right" | 3,603 | align="right" | 207 | 25466-912 |- | [[Rutzenbacum (Lutra)|Rutzenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 3,3 | align="right" | 2,808 | align="right" | 205 | 25466-914 |- | [[Holzgraben (Lutra)|Holzgraben]] | dexter | align="right" | 1,9 | align="right" | 2,865 | align="right" | 204 | 25466-9192 |- | [[Frankelbacum (Lutra)|Frankelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 3,8 | align="right" | 5,085 | align="right" | 203 | 25466-92 |- | [[Kaulbacum (Lutra)|Kaulbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,0 | align="right" | 1,545 | align="right" | 202 | 25466-9312 |- | [[Kreimbacum (Lutra)|Kreimbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 1,9 | align="right" | 3,207 | align="right" | 200 | 25466-932 |- | [[Schmeissbacum (Lutra)|Schmeissbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,7 | align="right" | 1,119 | align="right" | 196 | 25466-934 |- | [[Lammelbacum (Lutra)|Lammelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,8 | align="right" | 1,923 | align="right" | 194 | 25466-9392 |- | [[Selbacum (Lutra)|Selbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,5 | align="right" | 1,781 | align="right" | 190 | 25466-952 |- | [[Rossbacum (Lutra)|Rossbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 3,1 | align="right" | 3,124 | align="right" | 190 | 25466-94 |- | [[Breitbacum (Lutra)|Breitbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 2,8 | align="right" | 3,747 | align="right" | 187 | 25466-954 |- | [[Koenigsbacum (Lutra)|Koenigsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,9 | align="right" | 3,349 | align="right" | 179 | 25466-96 |- | [[Mausbacum (Lutra)|Mausbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,0 | align="right" | 2,155 | align="right" | 166 | 25466-98 |} == Natura == In superiore cursu Lutra est habenda in rivis montium mediorum colluviei tenuis et aquae siliceae (Typo 5.1). Ex confluente Frauenwiesbach fit flumen montium mediorum colluviei tenuis aut grandis et aquae siliceae (Typi 9). [[Qualitas aquae]] est alibi multum aut omnino mutata, ex [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach]] graviter aut multum, et in partibus ex Caesarea Lutra usque ad [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> et ex Olsbrücken usque ad Wolfstein critice laesa, alibi mediocriter laesa habetur (anno 2005).<ref>GeoExplorer [https://web.archive.org/web/20181214220304/http://www.geoportal-wasser.rlp.de/servlet/is/2025/]</ref> Circa aquae purgatorium, id est inter Caesaream Lutram et Otterbach, pars fluminis est naturae restituta. == Infrastructura == Valles Lutra a septentrione Caesareae Lutrae est vasta et pratis agrisque plena, clausa [[Via Foederalis 270 (Germania)|B&nbsp;270]] et [[Via Vallis Lutrae]], quae uno spatio a Caesarea Lutra ad [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]] ducit. Semel quotannis (ineunte Augusto) interdicitur Valles Lutra per horas 9:00 – 18:00 machinis se moventibus ut libero commeatu birotarii, tabularii, pedestres, etc. fruantur. == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Rhenania et Palatinatus]] [[Categoria:Systema Rheni fluvii]] cprn5fua73lrok42gzdn7wzoq70686l 0 303308 3959124 3735340 2026-05-11T12:02:44Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959124 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Mercator projection Square.JPG|thumb|Orbis terrarum secundum Mercatorem proiectus]] '''Proiectio Mercatoris'''<ref>{{Creanda|en|Herman Moll|Hermannus Moll|Hermanni Moll}} [https://books.google.ru/books?id=SOFaAAAAQAAJ&q=projectione+mercatoris#v=snippet&q=projectione%20mercatoris&f=false ''Geographia classica emendata...''. Londinii 1721]; {{Creanda|de|Johann Heinrich Schlegel|Ioannes Henricus Schlegel|Ioannis Henrici Schlegel}} [https://books.google.ru/books?id=3JoLUf4SBmEC&q=projectione+mercatoris#v=snippet&q=projectione%20mercatoris&f=false ''Oratio in memoriam ... Petri Holmii'', Hauniae 1778, p. 41].</ref> est [[proiectio tabularum|proiectio]] [[tabula geographica|tabularum geographicarum]], qua [[Gerardus Mercator]] in atlante edito usus est. ''Cylindrica'' et ''aequiangularis'' dicitur; nam et [[Meridianus|meridiani]] et [[Circulus parallelus|circuli paralleli]] omnes in hac proiectione [[Linea (mathematica)|lineae]] [[recta]]e parallelae sunt, quae [[curva loxodromica|sub aequis]] (rectis) [[Angulus|angulis]] secantur; tabula ergo sic proiecta in [[cylindrus|cylindrum]] nec in [[sphaera mundi|sphaeram]] involvi facile potest. Distantiae a Mercatore proiectae in [[Circulus aequinoctialis|circulo aequinoctiali]] verae sunt, sed quo magis ab eo abis, eo maiores, quam verae, fiunt. [[Polus|Polorum]] puncta in tabula huius generis nullo modo designari possunt. Sed omnibus his vitiis spretis saepe tabulae more Mercatoris proiectae edebantur; nam nautis ad [[ars navigandi|navigandum]] commodae sunt. ==Notae== <references /> ==Bibliographia== * Mark Monmonier: ''Rhumb Lines and Map Wars: A Social History of the Mercator Projection''. University of Chicago Press, Sicagi 2004, ISBN 0-226-53431-6. {{ling|Anglice}} * Reinhard Buchholz, Wilhelm Krücken: ''Die Mercator-Projektion. Zu Ehren von Gerhard Mercator (1512–1594)''. Becker, Velten 1994, ISBN 3-930640-36-8. {{ling|Theodisce}} ==Nexus externi== * [http://wilhelmkruecken.de/index.html ''Ad maiorem Gerardi Mercatoris gloriam'']{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Categoria:Cartographia]] [[Categoria:Systemata coordinatorum]] {{Myrias|Geographia}} 6pp8e4wv5cyupbyh69pbid7wpeh93yw 0 310546 3959218 3809532 2026-05-12T03:08:28Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Rogelio Mayta Mayta''' (in urbe [[Urbs Pacensis|Pacensi]] natus die [[16 Septembris]] [[1971]]) est [[politicus]] [[Bolivia]]e. Alumnus est [[Universitas Maior Pacensis Divi Andreae|universitatem maiorem Pacensem Divi Andreae]] in urbe nativa: ibi [[ius|iuribus]] studuit. Recentius apud [[universitas Catholica Boliviana Sancti Pauli|universitatem Catholicam Bolivianam Sancti Pauli]] iura civilia docuit. [[Minister rerum externarum]] a die [[9 Novembris]] [[2020]] usque in [[15 Novembris]] [[2023]] meruit. == Nexus externi == * [https://www.vicepresidencia.gob.bo/IMG/pdf/mayta_mayta_rogelio.pdf Vita]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud praesidatum vicarium divulgata * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221130103526/https://www.cancilleria.gob.bo/webmre/pagina/1871 Vita] olim apud ministerium rerum externarum divulgata * "[https://www.noticiasfides.com/nacional/politica/mayta-exabogado-de-las-victimas-de-34octubre-34-va-como-candidato-por-el-mas-399270 Mayta, exabogado de las víctimas de @Octubre' va como candidato por el MAS]" (19 Iulii 2019) apud ''Noticias Fides'' {{Ministri rerum externarum Boliviani}} {{Lifetime|1971||Mayta Mayta, Rogelio}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Maioris Pacensis Divi Andreae]] [[Categoria:Iuris consulti]] [[Categoria:Ministri rerum externarum]] [[Categoria:Politici Boliviae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Catholicae Bolivianae Sancti Pauli]] ees1ewz07w79gxee20zgp7y4jcy808a 0 319600 3959214 3906978 2026-05-12T01:26:14Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Riverina rivularis'' | image = Hildenbrandia_rivularis_01_by-dpc.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = Tres thalli ''Riverinae rivularis'' maculas purpureas in superficie lapidis in fluvio ''Porma'' in Hispania iacentis efformantes. | regnum = [[Plantae]] | subregnum = [[Rhodobionta]] | divisio = [[Rhodophyta]] | classis = [[Florideophyceae]] | ordo = [[Hildenbrandiales]] | familia = [[Hildenbrandiaceae]] | genus = ''Riverina'' | species = '''''Riverina rivularis''''' | binomial_authority = (Liebmann) C.W.Vieira & G.W.Saunders }}'''''Riverina rivularis''''' est [[Species (taxinomia)|species]] [[Rhodophyta|rhodophytorum]], quae in [[Aqua dulcis|aquis dulcibus]] vivit et toto in mundo invenitur. == Descriptio == [[Thallus]] saxis arctissime adnascens, crustosus, maculas rubras efformans, e filis [[Cellula|cellularum]] verticalibus consistens, sporangiis omnino carens.<ref name=":1">Agardh, Iacobus Georgius (1852) [''Species algarum'', vol. 2, pars 2:] ''[https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/12560/?offset=#page=161&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q= Species, genera et ordines Floridearum, seu descriptiones succintae specierum quibus Floridearum classis constituitur.]'' 337–720 pp. Lundae : C. W. K. Gleerup ; Lipsiae : apud T. O. Weigel ; Parisiis : apud Masson ; Londini : apud W. Pamplin.</ref> ''Riverina rivularis'' in fluviis et torrentibus vivit, locis umbrosis.<ref name=":0">Starmach, Carolus (1952) [https://pbsociety.org.pl/journals/index.php/asbp/article/view/asbp.1952.030/6465 The reproduction of the freshwater Rhodophyceae Hildenbrandia rivularis (Liebm.) J.Ag.]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [Polonice, cum summario Anglico] ''Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae'', 21 (3): 447–474.</ref> A speciebus cognatis praesertim cellulis minoribus recedit.<ref>Nan Fang-Ru, Feng Jia, Lu Jun-Ping, Liu Qi & Xie Shu-Lian (2017) [https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.292.3.4 ''Hildenbrandia jigongshanensis'' (Hildenbrandiaceae, Rhodophyta), a new freshwater species described from Jigongshan Mountain, China.] ''Phytotaxa'', 292 (3): 243–252.</ref> Reproductio huius speciei tantummodo [[Reproductio asexualis|vegetativa]] est: in aliquibus locis superficiei thalli fili cellularum crassiores pallescentesque fiunt: quae aggregationes (gemmae nuncupatae) a thallo separantur, posteaque ab aqua in alium locum translatae, saxo agglutinantur et thallum novum efformant. Hunc modum reproductionis primus [[Carolus Starmach]] elucidavit.<ref name=":0" /> == Nomenclatura == Species haec primo ut ''Erythroclathrus rivularis'' a Frederico Liebmann descripta est,<ref>Liebman, F. (1838) Om et nyt genus ''Erythroclathrus'' af algernes familie. ''Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift'', 2 (1): 169–175.</ref> post haud multos annos autem a [[Iacobus Georgius Agardh|Iacobo Georgio Agardh]] in genus ''Hildenbrandiam'' translata, deinde sub nomine ''Hildenbrandiae rivularis'' notissima permansit.<ref name=":1" /> Anno 2024 species ''Hildenbrandiae'' in aquis dulcibus viventes, inter quas et ''H. rivularis'', in ''[[Riverina|Riverinam]]'' genus novum translatae sunt.<ref>Vieira, C., Brooks, C.M., Akita, S., Kim, M.S. & Saunders, G.W. (2024) [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790324000988 Of sea, rivers and symbiosis: Diversity, systematics, biogeography and evolution of the deeply diverging florideophycean order Hildenbrandiales (Rhodophyta).] ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'', 197(108106): 1–15.</ref> == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Organismi aquatici]] [[Categoria:Rhodophyta]] [[Categoria:Species plantarum]] rtdf34wupwpr1xi9ajh978dbe1a0yg9 0 319601 3959213 3906979 2026-05-12T01:25:53Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3959213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Riverina'' | image = Hildebrandtia.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = Thalli ''Riverinae rivularis'' maculas rubras in superficie lapidis iacentis in fluvio quodam in [[Warmia]] efformantes. | regnum = [[Plantae]] | subregnum = [[Rhodobionta]] | divisio = [[Rhodophyta]] | classis = [[Florideophyceae]] | ordo = [[Hildenbrandiales]] | familia = [[Hildenbrandiaceae]] | genus = ''Riverina'' | binomial_authority = C.W.Vieira & G.W.Saunders }}'''''Riverina''''' est [[genus]] [[Rhodophyta|rhodophytorum]], quae in [[Aqua dulcis|aquis dulcibus]] vivit et toto in mundo invenitur. [[Thallus]] crustosus, e filis cellularum verticalibus consistens. [[Chloroplastus|Chloroplasti]] per cellulas singuli.<ref name=":1" /> A ''Hildenbrandia'' genere cognato conceptaculis tetrasporangiisque nullis recedit. Species ''Hildenbrandiae'' marinae sunt, ''Riverinae'' vero in aquis dulcibus vivunt.<ref name=":1">Vieira, C., Brooks, C.M., Akita, S., Kim, M.S. & Saunders, G.W. (2024) [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790324000988 Of sea, rivers and symbiosis: Diversity, systematics, biogeography and evolution of the deeply diverging florideophycean order Hildenbrandiales (Rhodophyta).] ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'', 197(108106): 1–15.</ref> Modum reproductionis speciei huius generis, nempe ''[[Riverina rivularis|Riverinae rivularis]]'', primus [[Carolus Starmach]] elucidavit.<ref name=":0">Starmach, Carolus (1952) [https://pbsociety.org.pl/journals/index.php/asbp/article/view/asbp.1952.030/6465 The reproduction of the freshwater Rhodophyceae Hildenbrandia rivularis (Liebm.) J.Ag.]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [Polonice, cum summario Anglico] ''Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae'', 21 (3): 447–474.</ref> == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Genera plantarum]] [[Categoria:Organismi aquatici]] [[Categoria:Rhodophyta]] gl6h6xub2oe7qpczqddmgbso0nakomo 4 322505 3959188 3958364 2026-05-11T19:20:06Z MediaWiki message delivery 62628 /* Tech News: 2026-20 */ nova pars 3959188 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__<nowiki />[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]][[Categoria:Fora Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{Capsa paginae|1= Haec pagina nuntios technicos qui e [[MediaVici]] proveniunt praebet. Vide etiam [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2016|nuntios anni 2016]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2017|nuntios anni 2017]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2018|nuntios anni 2018]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2019|nuntios anni 2019]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2020|nuntios anni 2020]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2021|nuntios anni 2021]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2022|nuntios anni 2022]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2023|nuntios anni 2023]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2024|nuntios anni 2024]] et [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|nuntios anni 2025]]. }} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == {{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Tech News: 2026-03|Nuntia ad novum annum mota --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 12 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == {{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Nuntium ad novum annum motum --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 13:21, 18 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:29, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 26 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:43, 2 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 9 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:16, 16 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 23 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:51, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:52, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 16 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:50, 23 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:25, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 6 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:18, 13 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:59, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:42, 4 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> pg59hq1sy6gpufa01e1hsvq04vq8wu1 0 324083 3959208 3959051 2026-05-11T23:14:20Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3959208 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities (Ortsgemeinden) in Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|thumb|Communia Rhenaniae et Palatinatus usque ad gradum ordinationis communis localis ([[Theodisce]] ''Ortsgemeinde'').]] '''Index urbium et communium [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]''' [[urbs|urbes]] et [[commune|communia]] in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra foederali]] [[Germania|Germanica]] Rhenania et Palatinatu sita continet. Sunt 2&nbsp;300 communibus politice independentibus (e Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2025). Haec ita distribuuntur: * 130 urbes, inter quas ** 12 [[circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''Kreisfreie Stadt''), ** 8 urbes magnae circulo subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''), ** 13 urbes sine consociatione communium (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Städte''), ** 97 urbes consociationi communium adscriptae (Theodisce ''verbandsangehörige Städte''); * 2170 alia communia, inter quae ** 8 communia sine consociatione (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Gemeinden''), ** 2162 communia localia -consociationi adscripta- (Theodisce ''Ortsgemeinden''). Illae 97 urbes et 2162 communia localia ad 129 consociationes communium pertinent, quae administrationem pro communibus sibi subiectis gerunt. == Circuli urbani == {{div col|3}} # [[Augusta Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Trier''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Tréier'')</small> # [[Bipontium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zweibrücken''; [[Palatinice]] ''Zweebrigge'')</small> # [[Caesarea Lutra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaiserslautern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lautre'')</small> # [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Koblenz''; dialectaliter ''Kowelenz'')</small> # [[Francodalia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenthal'')</small> # [[Landavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landau in der Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Landaach'')</small> # [[Ludovici Portus Rhenanus]]<ref name="Bezzel 1845">Bezzel, H. M. (1845). ''Historia Rei Literariae Norimbergensis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshafen am Rhein'')</small> # [[Moguntiacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mainz'')</small> # [[Neapolis Palatinorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Neischdadt'')</small> # [[Sancti Pirminii Sedes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pirmasens''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bärmesens'')</small> # [[Spira (urbs)|Spira]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speyer'')</small> # [[Wormatia]]<ref>Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/groo001brie14_01/groo001brie14_01_0023.php ''Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius''], ubi dicitur "Dux Carolus a Wormatia militem mittit tuendo Ascafenburgo."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Worms'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes magnae circulo subiectae == {{div col|3}} * [[Angulisamum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Antunnacum]]<ref>[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]: ''Antunnaco''.</ref><ref>Venantius Fortunatus: ''Antonnacensis castelli …'' Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Auctores antiquissimi, 4.4. Fortunati carminum liber X (de navigatione Childeberti regis).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Andernach''; dialectaliter ''Annenach'' seu ''Annernach'')</small> * [[Bingium]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bingen am Rhein'')</small> * [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Kreuznach'')</small> * [[Idara-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834">Steininger, J. (1834). ''Codex diplomaticus Trevirensis e-archivio et libris manuscriptis'' (Vol. 1). In Commission der Fr. Lintz’schen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860">Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher; et : Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idar-Oberstein'')</small> * [[Lahnstenium]]<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi [[Loganus|Loganum]] [[Rhenus]] suscipit."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahnstein'')</small> * [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayen'')</small> * [[Neoweda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuwied'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes sine consociatione communium == {{div col|3}} * [[Alceia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alzey'')</small> * [[Bendorffium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646">Merian, M. (1645). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Matthaei Meriani; et: Merian, M. (1646). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum: Das ist Beschreibung und Eigentliche Abbildung der Vornehmsten Stätte Plätze der Untern Pfalz am Rhein''. Matthäus Merian.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bendorf'')</small> * [[Babardia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boppard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobert'')</small> * [[Bedense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bebuersch'' seu ''Beburig''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Béibreg'')</small> * [[Insula Rheni]]<ref name="Mone 1848">Mone, F. J. (1848). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins'' (Vol. 1). G. Braun'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörth am Rhein'')</small> * [[Iulius Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Germersheim'' seu ''Germersheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Novae Aquae-Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler'')</small> * [[Rigomagus (Germania)|Rigomagus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Remagen'')</small> * [[Sentiaca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sinzig'')</small> * [[Turingum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Nautica]]<ref name="Remling 1852">Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1205''. Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schifferstadt'')</small> * [[Viridopolis]]<ref name="Irenicus 1518">Irenicus, F. (1518). ''Germaniae exegeseos volumina duodecim''. Impensis Urbani Regii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünstadt'')</small> * [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wittlich'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes consociationi communium adscriptae == {{div col|3}} * [[Adenova]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenau'')</small> * [[Algesheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Algesheim'')</small> * [[Angulus Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauterecken'')</small> * [[Anvilara]]<ref name="Böhmer 1849">Böhmer, J. F. (1849). ''Regesta Imperii: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern'' (Vol. 1). Verlag der J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Annweiler am Trifels'')</small> * [[Aquae Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888">Peutinger, C. (1888). ''Tabula Peutingeriana: Codex Vindobonensis 324'' (K. Miller, Ed.). Otto Maier Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Breisig'')</small> * [[Aquae Mariaemontanae]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824">Schannat, J. F. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Marmerich'')</small> * [[Aquae Sobernheimenses]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Sobernheim'')</small> * [[Bacaracum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bacharach'' seu ''Bacharach am Rhein'')</small> * [[Bemondula]]<ref name="Stadt Baumholder">Stadt Baumholder. (s. f.). [https://www.baumholder.de/en/our-city/history/ ''History''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baumholder'')</small> * [[Bernicastellum-Cusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905">Marx, J. (1905). ''Geschichte des Armen-Hospitals zum h. Nicolaus zu Cues'' (Vol. 1). Kommissions-Verlag der Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bernkastel-Kues'')</small> * [[Betzdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844">Bärsch, G. (1844). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Betzdorf'')</small> * [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofelda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenfeld'')</small> * [[Bollenheimum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rheinböllen'')</small> * [[Brubacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braubach'')</small> * [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaisersesch'')</small> * [[Candela (Palatinatus)|Candela]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kandel'')</small> * [[Castrum Kyllae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburg'')</small> * [[Cattimelibocum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenelnbogen'')</small> * [[Cella ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zell'')</small> * [[Cochemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cochem'')</small> * [[Contionacum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konz'')</small> * [[Cosla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kusel'')</small> * [[Cuba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cuba]] <small>(Theodisce ''Kaub'')</small> * [[Dada (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dada]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (II ed.). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Daaden'')</small> * [[Dana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dana]]<ref name="Görz II 1879">Görz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. II). Denkert & Groos; et: Goerz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: II. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahn'')</small> * [[Decia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diez'')</small> * [[Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Dierdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierdorf'')</small> * [[Domus Bousonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Sancti Goaris]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goarshausen'')</small> * [[Dumno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daun'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae ad Segam]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchen'')</small> * [[Ecclesiopolium Bolandicum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheimbolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerschem'')</small> * [[Ediginhovum]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis'' (Vol. 3). Historischer Verein für Hessen; et; Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis: Bd. 3 Kopialbuch, II. Teil. Die übrigen Gau- und Marken-Verzeichnisse''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Buchhandlung des Hessischen Staatsverlags.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Edenkoben''; [[Palatinice]] ''Edekowe'')</small> * [[Embasis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Ems'')</small> * [[Emmelshusium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelshausen'')</small> * [[Freinsheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freinsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Fränsem'')</small> * [[Gamundium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Gamundium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hornbach'')</small> * [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolstein'')</small> * [[Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Herdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herdorf'')</small> * [[Hermenskeila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermeskeil'')</small> * [[Hillesheimium (Eiflia)|Hillesheimium]] <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hoinga]]<ref name="Becker, Mayer, Prinz & Halpern 2021">Becker, W., Mayer, M. G., Prinz, S. T., & Halpern, J. P. (2021). ''Hoinga: A large and nearby ROSAT-detected supernova remnant''. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648, A30. doi.org</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Hönningen'')</small> * [[Horium-Grancineshausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhr-Grenzhausen'')</small> * [[Hunnorum Castellum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastellaun'')</small> * [[Indago ad Rivum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hagenbach'')</small> * [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirn'')</small> * [[Landstulia]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landstuhl'')</small> * [[Lincia ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linz am Rhein'')</small> * [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wolfstein'')</small> * [[Manderscheidum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Meisenheimium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Meisenheimium]]<ref name="Latomus 1562">Latomus, B. (1562). ''Genealogia d. d. baronum in Meisenheimium et Oberstein''. (Reimpressio a I. Friderico edita, anno 1870, Reuther).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisenheim'')</small> * [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mendig'')</small> * [[Molendinopolis-Kerlecha]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim-Kärlich'')</small> * [[Monasterium Meinfeldiae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münstermaifeld''; dialectaliter ''Meenster'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ferreus (Palatinatus)|Mons Ferreus]]<ref name="Meisner 1623">Meisner, D. (1623). ''Thesaurus Philo-Politicus: Hoc est: Emblemata sive Moralia Politica'' (Vol. 1). Eberhard Kieser seu Enno Koenig.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Mons Tabor]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Montabaur'')</small> * [[Mons Torrentis (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Torrentis]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Stromberg'')</small> * [[Moschela Superior]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obermoschel'')</small> * [[Nassovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nassau'')</small> * [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nastätten'')</small> * [[Neristeinum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nierstein'')</small> * [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerburg''; dialectaliter [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Neierbuersch'')</small> * [[Occidentale Castrum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Occidentale Castrum]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Westerburg'')</small> * [[Oppenheimium]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oppenheim'')</small> * [[Ostowa]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osthofen'')</small> * [[Otterburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterberg'')</small> * [[Policha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Polch'')</small> * [[Pruma (urbs)|Pruma]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Prüm'')</small> * [[Ramsteinium-Mesenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ramstein-Miesenbach'')</small> * [[Ransbacum-Babenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ransbach-Baumbach'')</small> * [[Renneroda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rennerod'')</small> * [[Rensa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rhens'')</small> * [[Rocconis Domus]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rockenhausen'')</small> * [[Rodalba]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodalben'')</small> * [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Selters''; dialectaliter ''Seldersch'')</small> * [[Sancti Goaris Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goar'')</small> * [[Sanctus Lambertus (Palatinatus)|Sanctus Lambertus]]<ref name="Remling 1836">Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der ehemaligen Abteien und Klöster im jetzigen Rheinbayern'' (Vol. 1). Ensslin; et: Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambrecht'')</small> * [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Saarburg'')</small> * [[Simmera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmern/Hunsrück'')</small> * [[Soiacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweich'')</small> * [[Spicarium (Eiflia)|Spicarium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speicher'')</small> * [[Tabernae Montanae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bergzabern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Berchzawwre'')</small> * [[Trabena-Trarbachium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Traben-Trarbach'')</small> * [[Turris Alba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Turris Alba]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Weißenthurm''; dialectaliter ''Thur'')</small> * [[Ulmena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ulmen'')</small> * [[Ulmena Inferior]]<ref name="Greule 2021">Greule, A. (2021). ''Die Ortsnamen der Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm''. Regionalgeschichte.net</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Olm'')</small> * [[Unchela]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln'' (Vol. 1). Wolf'sche Buchdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Unkel'')</small> * [[Valendra]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Vallendar'')</small> * [[Vesalia Superior]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwesel'')</small> * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Villa Moraha]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Waldmohr'')</small> * [[Wachenheimium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wachenheim an der Weinstraße'' seu ''Wachenheim an der Haardt'')</small> * [[Weristadium]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörrstadt'')</small> * [[Wiridicha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wirges'')</small> * [[Wissena ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wissen'' seu ''Wissen/Sieg'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia sine consociatione == {{div col|3}} * [[Bobenhemium-Roxhemium]]<ref name="Remling Geschichte 1852">Remling, F. X., (1852); ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. [[Moguntiacum|Moguntiaci]]: Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim-Roxheim'')</small> * [[Bohila et Ugelhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böhl-Iggelheim'')</small> * [[Budenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim III 1839">Binterim, A. J. (1839). ''Pragmatische Geschichte der deutschen Concilien: vom vierten bis zum Ende des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts'' (Vol. 3). Moguntiaci: Verlag von Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenheim'')</small> * [[Comitatus (Rhenania)|Comitatus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723">Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive memorabilis et geographica historicaque dominorum eifliae illustrium''. Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptionis comitatus Eifliae''. Typis J.A. Köthen; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive chorographica et historica descriptio comitatus Eifliae''. [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Sumptibus viduae J. B. Metternich; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Historia Episcopatus Wormatiensis'' (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Maximilianum van den Sande.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grafschaft'')</small> * [[Curia Limburgensis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Limburgerhof'')</small> * [[Hasela (Palatinatus)|Hasela]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haßloch'')</small> * [[Morbachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morbach'')</small> * [[Mutterstadium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia localia == === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Abtweiler'')</small> * [[Abentheuerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Abentheuer'')</small> * [[Acta (Eiflia)|Acta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Acht'')</small> * [[Adinbachium]]<ref name="Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae II 1770">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae. (1770). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Litterarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenbach'')</small> * [[Afflaria]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Affler'')</small> * [[Agathonis Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Echtershausen'')</small> * [[Ager Fraxineus]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschfeld'')</small> * [[Agitelsbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Achtelsbach'')</small> * [[Agiwaltivilla]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elzweiler'')</small> * [[Agonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehweiler'')</small> * [[Ailertchenium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ailertchen'')</small> * [[Albersweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albersweiler'')</small> * [[Albessenum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albessen'')</small> * [[Albia (Occidentalis Silva)|Albia]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elben'')</small> * [[Albis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Albis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alf'')</small> * [[Albucha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albig'')</small> * [[Albulfi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albisheim'')</small> * [[Alflona]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alflen'')</small> * [[Alcana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alcana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alken'')</small> * [[Alchorodum]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elkenroth'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Nava)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellweiler'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Tergum Caninum)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Elchweiler'')</small> * [[Alisontia (Palatinatus)|Alisontia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsenz'')</small> * [[Allenbachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenbach'')</small> * [[Allendorfium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Allendorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allendorf'')</small> * [[Allenfeldium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenfeld'')</small> * [[Almersbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Almersbach'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Candelam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Kandel'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Danam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellerstadt'')</small> * [[Alnetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852">Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia Illustrata: Oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.). Lintz; et: Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.; Vol. 2). Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellscheid'')</small> * [[Alni Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlscheid'')</small> * [[Alpenrodium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alpenrod'')</small> * [[Alsbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsbach'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Eiflia)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsheim'')</small> * [[Alta Regia (Rhenania)|Alta Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrich'')</small> * [[Alta Ripa (Palatinatus)|Alta Ripa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrip'')</small> * [[Alta Statio-Dahuna]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstetten-Dhaun'')</small> * [[Alterkulzium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alterkülz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Allerkilz'')</small> * [[Altum Villare (Rhenaniae et Palatinatus)|Altum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hockweiler'')</small> * [[Alua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleialf'')</small> * [[Ambitus Sigae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Ameslabrunno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esselborn'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Novum Castrum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen bei Neuerburg'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen an der Our'')</small> * [[Angelostadium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Engelstadt'')</small> * [[Angulocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckfeld'')</small> * [[Angulus Franconum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankeneck'')</small> * [[Angulus Ludovici]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigswinkel'')</small> * [[Anhusium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anhausen''; dialectaliter ''Onese'')</small> * [[Anschavia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anschau'')</small> * [[Ansiacum Mosellanum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensch'')</small> * [[Antiqua Dizuna]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altendiez'')</small> * [[Antiqua Laya]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altlay'')</small> * [[Antiqua Scheida]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altscheid'')</small> * [[Antiqua Villa (Palatinatus)|Antiqua Villa]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altdorf'')</small> * [[Antiquum Boimburgum]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex Diplomaticus: Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Res Germanicas, Et Trevirenses Illustrantia'' (Vol. 1). Academica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenbamberg'')</small> * [[Antiquum Strimmigium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altstrimmig'')</small> * [[Antiquum Widelbachium]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altweidelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Aldweirelbach'')</small> * [[Antweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Antweiler'')</small> * [[Appenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Appenheim'')</small> * [[Aqua (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Aqua]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aach'')</small> * [[Aquae Ferreae (Eiflia)|Aquae Ferreae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670">Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenach'')</small> * [[Aquila (Germania)|Aquila]]<ref name="Brower 1626">Brower, C. (1626). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Officina Libraria Henrici Bock.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Igel'')</small> * [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ara]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenahr'')</small> * [[Arbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arbach'')</small> * [[Arbor Amelonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelbaum'')</small> * [[Aremontium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aremberg'')</small> * [[Arenrathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arenrath'')</small> * [[Arftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arft'')</small> * [[Argenthalium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ajedahl'')</small> * [[Ariswancum]]<ref name="Dotzauer 2001">Dotzauer, W. (2001). ''Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes: Von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution''. Franz Steiner Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenschwang'')</small> * [[Armshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Armsheim'')</small> * [[Arzbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzbach'')</small> * [[Ardesfelda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzfeld'')</small> * [[Ardinicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erden'')</small> * [[Arenza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernzen'')</small> * [[Aridum Nemus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dürrholz'')</small> * [[Asbachium (Occidentalis Silva)|Asbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Aspishemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aspisheim'')</small> * [[Astertium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Astert'')</small> * [[Attenhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Attenhausen'')</small> * [[Atzelgiftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Atzelgift'')</small> * [[Auderathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auderath'')</small> * [[Audonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Edesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Esem'')</small> * [[Auelium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auel'')</small>. * [[Augia (Tergum Caninum)|Augia]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601">Trithemius, I. (1601). ''Chronicon Coenobii Sponheimensis''. Typis Ioannis Albini; et: Trithemius, I. (1601). Chronicon Sponheimense, ca. 1495-1509. (Ed. Carl Velten, 1969). [[Cruciniacum|Cruciniaci]]: Eigenverlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Auen'')</small> * [[Augia ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Augia ad Prumiam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw bei Prüm'')</small> * [[Augia Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dausenau'')</small> * [[Aullium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aull'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bachenbergium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bachenberg'')</small> * [[Bacunnum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bekond'')</small> * [[Bademium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badem'')</small> * [[Badenhardia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenhard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Banert'')</small> * [[Badenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenheim'')</small> * [[Baldringum]]<ref name="Gnodalius 1570">Gnodalius, P. (1570). ''Seditio repentina vulgi, praecipue rusticorum, anno M.D.XXV. per universam fere Germaniam exorta''. Henricus Petri</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baldringen'')</small> * [[Bannum (Palatinatus)|Bannum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857">Lehmann, J. G. (1857). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der Pfalz''. Verlag der Joh. Chr. Hermann'sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bann'')</small> * [[Bannberscheidum]]<ref name="Steub 1846">Steub, L. (1846). ''Die oberdeutschen Familiennamen''. Verlag von George Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bannberscheid'')</small> * [[Barae (Eiflia)|Barae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baar'')</small> * [[Basilica Helperici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helferskirchen'')</small> * [[Baudobrica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdlich'')</small> * [[Baulerum (Circulus terrae Arvilarensis)|Baulerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855">Schannat, J. F. (1855). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica comitatus Eifliae descriptio''. Jacobus Antonius Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Arvilarensis|Circulo Arvilarensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref>Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Arvilarensis"</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Baustertum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baustert'')</small> * [[Bechelum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836">Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: res Trevericas a saeculo X. usque ad nostra tempora illustrans''. Friederich Lintz; et: Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: Res Trevirericas a tempore Romanae dominationis usque ad nostram aetatem''. Typis et Sumptibus F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Becheln'')</small> * [[Bechtrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtheim'')</small> * [[Beindersheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beindersheim'')</small> * [[Belgica (Germania)|Belgica]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellisch'')</small> * [[Belinga (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Belinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilingen'')</small> * [[Belinga (Occidentalis Silva)|Belinga]]<ref name="Görz 1886">Görz, A. (1886). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. Verlag von F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellingen'')</small> * [[Bellum (Tergum Caninum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Bellum (prope Mendigum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(prope [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Beltema]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beltheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Belldem'')</small> * [[Bercilingua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berlingen'')</small> * [[Bermola]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermel'')</small> * [[Bertriacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1988">Gilles, K.-J. (1988). ''Die Entersburg bei Bad Bertrich. Ein "Troja" der Eifel''. Apud ''Jahrbuch für den Kreis Cochem-Zell''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bertrich'')</small> * [[Bettilonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Betteldorf'')</small> * [[Bettinga (Eiflia)|Bettinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettingen'')</small> * [[Betularia-Honigsessenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885">Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Provinz Rheinland'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus; et: Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Auf Grund der Materialien der Volkszählung vom 1. Dezember 1885'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birken-Honigsessen'')</small> * [[Betularum Domus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berkhem'')</small> * [[Beyia]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausbay'')</small> * [[Bibaraha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Biewere'')</small> * [[Bibericum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebrich'')</small> * [[Bickenbacum (Tergum Caninum)|Bickenbacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggebach'')</small> * [[Bidasium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841">Lehmann, J. G. (1841). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der ehemaligen Pfalz am Rheine''. Caesareae Lutrae: Tascher. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Birressem'')</small> * [[Bifangum Ulonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenbis'')</small> * [[Bilestinum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilstein'')</small> * [[Binninga (Eiflia)|Binninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binningen'')</small> * [[Binsfelda (Eiflia)|Binsfelda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binsfeld'')</small> * [[Birgelium]]<ref name="Wackenroder 1928">Wackenroder, E. (1928). ''Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Daun'' (P. Clemen, Ed.; Vol. 12/III). Dusseldorpii: L. Schwann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birgel'')</small> * [[Birgesbura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birresborn'')</small> * [[Birtinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birtlingen'')</small> * [[Bitzenum]]<ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitzen'')</small> * [[Blatmarisheimum]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Lorsch Codex, no. 1234''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochborn'')</small> * [[Bochinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böchingen'')</small> * [[Bolandia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bolanne'')</small> * [[Bollanevilla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollendorf'')</small> * [[Bona Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bona Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutweiler'')</small> * [[Boni Agri]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenacker'')</small> * [[Borlerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Borler'')</small> * [[Bovina (Nava)|Bovina]] <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> * [[Braunshornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunshorn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brousert'')</small> * [[Bredallum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedel'')</small> * [[Breidena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedern'')</small> * [[Bremba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremm'')</small> * [[Bretzenheimum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretzenheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brätzenem'')</small> * [[Briedina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brieden'')</small> * [[Briminga]]<ref name="Linden 1852">Linden, I. (1852). ''Hierarchia Trevirensis: Catalogus omnium ecclesiarum et cleri dioecesis Trevirensis''. Ex Officina Typographica B. Herder.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brimingen'')</small> * [[Brinichum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brenk'')</small> * [[Brocscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat 1829">Schannat, I. F. (1829). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Tranl.). Mayer. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brockscheid'')</small> * [[Brodenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brodenbach'')</small> * [[Brohla-Luezilinga]]<ref name="Brommer 2003">Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Kanzlei der Erzbischöfe von Trier im 12. Jahrhundert''. Gesellschaft für Mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Inventar des Archivs der Stadt Cochem''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Inventare der nichtstaatlichen Archive des Hunsrücks'' (Vol. 4). Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl-Lützing'')</small> * [[Bruchamulbacum-Misavia]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchmühlbach-Miesau'')</small> * [[Bruchertseifia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchertseifen'')</small> * [[Bruchwilarius-Berenbacum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler-Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Brucusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchhausen'')</small> * [[Brula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl'')</small> * [[Brunswillarium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauweiler'')</small> * [[Bruo]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brey'')</small> * [[Bruscheida]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruschied'')</small> * [[Bruttigum-Fancale]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruttig-Fankel'')</small> * [[Bubacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobach'')</small> * [[Bubenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Bubenheimium]]<ref name="Brilmayer 1905">Brilmayer, K. I. (1905). ''Rheinhessen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart''. [[Giessa]]e: Roth.</ref> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim'')</small> * [[Bubonum Villa (Palatinatus)|Bubonum Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Buwerum'')</small> * [[Bubura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buborn'')</small> * [[Budonis Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Buidonivilla]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Bulenberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buhlenberg'')</small> * [[Bulichum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beulich'')</small> * [[Bulleia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bullay'')</small> * [[Bundenbachium]]<ref name="Cellarius 1706">Cellarius, C. (1706). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior: ab ortu rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum tempora''. Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Großbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bundenbachum Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bunglum (Mosella)|Bunglum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bengel'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella)|Burgus]] <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella Inferior)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam Inferiorem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burgus (Eiflia)|Burgus]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (prope Bernicastellum-Cusam)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Bernicastellum-Cusam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burovillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burrweiler'')</small> * [[Burtscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burtscheid'')</small> * [[Buveza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cabriacum]]<ref>Vide [https://www.schweich.de/ortsgemeinden/koewerich/ ''ORTSGEMEINDE KÖWERICH''], ubi dicitur "(...) Köwerich (...) Bis ins frühe Mittelalter hieß der Ort dann "Cabriacum" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Köwerich'')</small> * [[Cabusvillerium]]<ref name="Frey I 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Die Statistisch-Historische Beschreibung des königlich bayerischen Rheinkreises'' (Vol. 1). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: F. C. Neidhard.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapsweyer'')</small> * [[Cadena (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cadena]]<ref>Verbandsgemeinde Westerburg (2024). ''Kaden: Ortsgemeinde im Westerwaldkreis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaden'')</small> * [[Caefenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaifenheim'')</small> * [[Caela]]<ref name="">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2021). ''Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte'' (Vol. 47). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kail'')</small> * [[Caeshofium]]<ref name="Toepke II 1884">Toepke, G. (1884). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Heidelberg von 1386 bis 1662'' (Vol. 2). [[Heidelberga]]e: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Käshofen'')</small> * [[Cagelenstadium]]<ref name="Schoepflin I 1772">Schoepflin, J. D. (1772). ''Alsatia Illustrata: Germanica Gallica'' (Vol. 1). [[Colmaria]]e: Ex Typographia Regia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kallstadt'')</small> * [[Calcefurnium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalkofen'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954">Oediger, F. W. (1954). ''Die Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Köln im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hanstein.</ref> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(prope [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern'')</small> * [[Caltenengersium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenengers'')</small> * [[Caltenholzhusa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenholzhausen'')</small> * [[Caltum]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalt'')</small> * [[Camesa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kanzem'')</small> * [[Caminus Picis (Palatinatus)|Caminus Picis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechhofen'')</small> * [[Campenichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempenich'')</small> * [[Campifelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käfeld'' seu ''Kerf'ld'')</small> * [[Campus Animalium]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Baierorum et Steckweilerum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/><ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bayerfeld-Steckweiler'')</small> * [[Campus Balesii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750">Hontheim, N. (1750). ''Historia Trevirensis diplomatica et pragmatica''. Apud viduam et filium Joannis Gulielmi Huisch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balesfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bonini]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonefeld'')</small> * [[Campus-Bornhofium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="">Dahlow, V. (1884). ''Das Kapuzinerkloster zu Bornhofen: Seine Geschichte und seine Gnadenstätte''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kamp-Bornhofen'')</small> * [[Campus Caprarum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Curiae (Eiflia)|Campus Curiae]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoffeld'')</small> * [[Campus Dedinis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deudesfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Deisseld'')</small> * [[Campus Eritii]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus et Mons]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkampenberg'')</small> * [[Campus Flammingi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flammersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Friscanis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freckenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Indaginis (Palatinatus)|Campus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Minor (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Minor]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lützkampen'')</small> * [[Campus Pineus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Speltae]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harspelt'')</small> * [[Campus Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dellfeld'')</small> * [[Cana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Caan'')</small> * [[Canapa-Labachium]]<ref name="Bannister 1915">Bannister, A. T. (1915). ''The Place-Names of Herefordshire: Their Origin and Development''. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knopp-Labach'')</small> * [[Capella (Tergum Caninum)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappel''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kabbel'')</small> * [[Capella (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappeln'')</small> * [[Capella-Drusvillare]]<ref name="Historischer Verein der Pfalz XIV 1890">Historischer Verein der Pfalz (1890). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 14). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone.</ref><ref name="Zeuss 1842">Zeuss, K. (1842). ''Traditiones possessionesque Wizenburgenses: Codices duo cum supplemento''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Libraria Zu-Schannat.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapellen-Drusweiler'')</small> * [[Caperichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaperich'')</small> * [[Capitalis Cathedra]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauptstuhl'')</small> * [[Carbachium (Tergum Caninum)|Carbachium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karbach'')</small> * [[Carla (Eiflia)|Carla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karl''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Koahl'')</small> * [[Carolihusium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karlshausen''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Korelsen'')</small> * [[Carolobachium Minus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinkarlbach'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Carolomontium]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Charlottenberg'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus terrae Turingensis)|Carolomontium]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Turingensis|Circulo terrae Turingensi]]<ref name="CTTuringensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Turingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Dürkheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Turingensis-e" ad [[Turingum]] refertur.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Carlsberg'')</small> * [[Carpenium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerpen'')</small> * [[Casa Bubonum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börfink'')</small> * [[Casae ad Montem (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Casae ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berghausen'')</small> * [[Casae Beionis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beinhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bennonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bennhausen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bennese'')</small> * [[Casae Bergonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bärjehouse'')</small> * [[Casae Berizonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bidari]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedershausen'')</small> * [[Casae Faginae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchenbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bischebäjere'')</small> * [[Casbachium-Olenbergium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasbach-Ohlenberg'')</small> * [[Caschenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaschenbach'')</small> * [[Casdorfium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasdorf'')</small> * [[Caseifelda]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesfeld'')</small> * [[Casella (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Casella]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasel''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Kosel'')</small> * [[Casloaca]]<ref>Vide: Regionalgeschichte.net (2024). ''Kesseling - Benediktinerpropstei''; ubi dicitur "(...) Kesseling (...) "Monasterium quod vocatur Casloaca" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesseling'')</small> * [[Castanidum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesten'')</small> * [[Castellum-Stadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastel-Staadt'')</small> * [[Castrum Brule]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgbrohl'')</small> * [[Castrum Gaudii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freudenburg'')</small> * [[Castrum Larae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burglahr'')</small> * [[Casturtium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kestert'')</small> * [[Casulae Puerorum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865">Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinderbeuern'')</small> * [[Cattibachium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenbach'')</small> * [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzweiler'')</small> * [[Catzvinkelium (Segaha)|Catzvinkelium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(ad [[Segaha]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Causenium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kausen'')</small> * [[Cazvinkelium (Eiflia)|Cazvinkelium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Cella ad Lacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kell am See'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Tergum Caninum)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Heerschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschhorn/Pfalz'')</small> * [[Cervimontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Cervimontium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschberg'')</small> * [[Cervivallis (Palatinatus)|Cervivallis]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschthal'')</small> * [[Clarus Rivus (Eiflia)|Clarus Rivus]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren 1830">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiöcese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung und jetzigen Verfassung''. Simon Müller.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gladbach'')</small> * [[Clausa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Clausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Clausen'')</small> * [[Clausura Eberhardi]]<ref name="Blackie 1887">Blackie, C. (1887). ''A Dictionary of Place-Names Giving Their Derivations''. John Murray.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Klausen'')</small> * [[Clenichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinich'')</small> * [[Clidinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kliding'')</small> * [[Clinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingenmünster'')</small> * [[Clingelbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingelbach'')</small> * [[Clottena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klotten'')</small> * [[Cludenbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kludenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klurebach'')</small> * [[Cluziradum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klüsserath'')</small> * [[Cnittelshemium]]<ref name="Baudrand 1682">Baudrand, M. A. (1682). ''Geographia ordine litterarum disposita''. (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Martyn.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Knittelsheim'')</small> * [[Cnoringa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knöringen'')</small> * [[Cocheshusa]]<ref name="Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden 42 1866">Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden (1866). ''Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande'' (Vol. 42).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Koxhausen'')</small> * [[Colbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colbinga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kölbingen'')</small> * [[Colli Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colli Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsdorf'')</small> * [[Colliga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollig'')</small> * [[Collis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Collis]]<ref name="Wasserzieher 1927">Wasserzieher, E. (1927). ''Hans und Grete: Eine Einführung in die Studium der deutschen Personennamen''. Ferdinand Dümmler Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchel'')</small> * [[Collis Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenbeul'')</small> * [[Collis Hassonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenbühl'')</small> * [[Colverathum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kolverath'')</small> * [[Colvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollweiler'')</small> * [[Comeda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kümbdchen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kiehmsche'')</small> * [[Comina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kommen'')</small> * [[Concha Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenmoschel'')</small> * [[Condate Vicus]]<ref name="Condate Vicus">Vide [https://www.gemeinde-contwig.de/index.php/ortsgeschichte ''Gemeinde Contwig''], ubi dicitur "(...) Namen „condate vicus“ (oder ähnlich) erhielt (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Contwig'')</small> * [[Contrava]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondorf'')</small> * [[Conventus de Cumbda]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klosterkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klosderkuhm'')</small> * [[Coppa (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Coppa]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kopp'')</small> * [[Corbora]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körborn'')</small> * [[Cordula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kordel'')</small> * [[Corlinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korlingen'')</small> * [[Corperichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körperich'')</small> * [[Corvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Korwell'')</small> * [[Corvinus Mons (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Corvinus Mons]]<ref name="Bünz 2008">Bünz, E. (2008). ''Pfalz: Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz. En: Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg''. [[Stutgardia]]e: W. Kohlhammer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Krähenberg'')</small> * [[Cottenburna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenborn'')</small> * [[Cottenheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenheim'' seu ''Kottem'')</small> * [[Cotterichenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kötterichen'')</small> * [[Coverna-Gundorfium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kobern-Gondorf'')</small> * [[Cratonbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kradenbach'')</small> * [[Cratzenburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kratzenburg'')</small> * [[Cretes (Rhenania et_Palatinatus)|Cretes]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kretz'')</small> * [[Crichenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krickenbach'')</small> * [[Cronweilerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kronweiler'')</small> * [[Cropa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cropa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kroppach'')</small> * [[Croppa]]<ref name="Görz 1876">Görz, A. (1876). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos et F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröppen'')</small> * [[Crovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröv'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruchten'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruft''; dialectaliter ''Kroft'')</small> * [[Crummela (Occidentalis Silva)|Crummela]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krümmel''; dialectaliter ''Krimmel'')</small> * [[Crummenowe]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krummenau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gromme'')</small> * [[Crunkele]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krunkel'')</small> * [[Cuncha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konken'')</small> * [[Cunderode]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kundert'')</small> * [[Cuningeshemium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Köngernheim'')</small> * [[Cunisbacum]]<ref name="Frey I 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindsbach'')</small> * [[Cunnenhemium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindenheim''; [[Palatinice]]; ''Kinnerem'')</small> * [[Curia (Occidentalis Silva)|Curia]]<ref name="Stein 1827">Stein, F. (1827). ''Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Altertumskunde und Geschichtsforschung''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hof'')</small> * [[Curia Dominicalis]]<ref name="Simmern-Rheinböllen 2024">Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen (2024). ''Ortsgemeinde Fronhofen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fronhofen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Fronhuwe'')</small> * [[Curia Vulpis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fuchshofen'')</small> * [[Curiae Arnonis]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arnshöfen'')</small> * [[Curtes Dissonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dessighofen''; dialectaliter ''Dessje'')</small> * [[Curtes Endlichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Endlichhofen'')</small> * [[Curtes Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanhofen'')</small> * [[Curtis-Exustio]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottweiler-Schwanden'')</small> * [[Curtis Ferrea]]<ref name="Meisner 1623"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisighofen'')</small> * [[Curtscheida]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kurtscheid'')</small> * [[Curva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirf'')</small> * [[Curvatura Arboris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hentern'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dackenheimium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackenheim'')</small> * [[Dackscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackscheid'')</small> * [[Daleidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daleiden'')</small> * [[Dancano]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahnen'')</small> * [[Datinberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dattenberg'')</small> * [[Decima (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decima]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Detzem'')</small> * [[Deesenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deesen'')</small> * [[Deinspure]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Densborn'')</small> * [[Dernavia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernau'')</small> * [[Derschenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Derschen'')</small> * [[Deslochium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Desloch'')</small> * [[Dichotoma Silva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Habscheid'')</small> * [[Dicio Hassonis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haserich'')</small> * [[Dieblichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dieblich'')</small> * [[Difficilis Scissus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bisterschied'')</small> * [[Dilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Didonevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dingdorf'')</small> * [[Dimidia Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halbs'')</small> * [[Discidium Haris (prope Adenovam)|Discidium Haris]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis".</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheidt'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Tergum Caninum)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Aquarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Euscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damscheid''; [[Hunnice]] ''Domschiehd'')</small> * [[Discrimen Darsonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Eiflia)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Ignis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feuerscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Spissum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Diggeschiehd'')</small> * [[Divortium (Tergum Caninum)|Divortium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bescheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Baäschd'')</small> * [[Divortium Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berscheid'')</small> * [[Docconis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockweiler'')</small> * [[Docconisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockendorf'')</small> * [[Dommari Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dommershausen''; dialectaliter [[Hunnice]] ''Dommasch'')</small> * [[Domus (ad Wedam)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(ad [[Weda]]m)<ref name="Weda">[http://www.columbia.edu/acis/ets/Graesse/orblatw.html www.columbia.edu]</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus (Tergum Caninum)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus Agilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Ellehouse'')</small> * [[Domus Ansonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensheim'')</small> * [[Domus Argis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ergeshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Arzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Azonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essenheim'')</small> * [[Domus Candida (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Candida]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleckhausen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Blääkes'')</small> * [[Domus Catenatae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Kerressen'')</small> * [[Domus Davilonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dauwelshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Ebichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ewighausen''; dialectaliter ''Iwichhouse'')</small> * [[Domus Emmerici]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmerzhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Eppilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppelsheim'')</small> * [[Domus Erpfolvi]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpolzheim'')</small> * [[Domus Etichonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Etichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettinghausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hargeri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargesheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hajesimm'')</small> * [[Domus Harichi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harxheim'')</small> * [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hilderedi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellertshausen'')</small> * [[Domus in Eiflia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausten'')</small> * [[Domus in Saepto Scisso]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckhuscheid'')</small> * [[Domus in Silva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus in Silva]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harthausen'')</small> * [[Domus Mariae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Mariae]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Silvestres in Ericeto]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzhausen an der Haide'')</small> * [[Domus Tabulata]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretthausen'')</small> * [[Dossinhusa]]<ref name="Moos & Kober 2009">Moos, P. S., & Kober, K. (2009). ''Die Geschichte von Dachsenhausen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dachsenhausen'')</small> * [[Dreisa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dreisa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Drees'')</small> * [[Dudonis Castrum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dodenburg'')</small> * [[Dudonis Curtes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudenhofen'')</small> * [[Dudonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Duchroth'')</small> * [[Dulgisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dolgesheim'')</small> * [[Dunechinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Düngenheim'')</small> * [[Dunonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dunzweiler'')</small> * [[Duodelonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudeldorf'')</small> * [[Dura Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dura Petra]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hartenfels''; dialectaliter ''Harbels'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Eberhardi Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertshausen'')</small> * [[Eberolfidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Ewwertsem'' seu ''Ewwertzum'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Eybam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kircheib'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Saram]]<ref name="Oediger I 1961">Oediger, F. W. (1961). ''Das Bistum Köln von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts'' (Geschichte des Erzbistums Köln, Vol. 1). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: J.P. Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchsahr'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Kirbursch'' seu ''Kirberich'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ecclesiae Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheim an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Egihari Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckersweiler'')</small> * [[Egili Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eilscheid'')</small> * [[Egla (Germania)|Egla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ayl'')</small> * [[Eichana]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eich'')</small> * [[Eichelhardia]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von der Grafschaft Sponheim: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Zweibrücken: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Verlagsdruckerei; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von den Gebieten der Erzbischöfe von Trier''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen dazu''. Bonnae: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Lautern: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Geschichtsblätter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichelhardt'')</small> * [[Ekkilonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckelsheim'')</small> * [[Elbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Elbinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elbingen'')</small> * [[Elira (Tergum Caninum)|Elira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ellere'')</small> * [[Elisapha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elsoff'')</small> * [[Ellentia-Poltervilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenz-Poltersdorf'')</small> * [[Enchiriacus Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Engerisch'')</small> * [[Enkenbacum-Alisontia Fons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkenbach-Alsenborn'')</small> * [[Enselinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßlingen'')</small> * [[Enspila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enspel'')</small> * [[Enzena (Eiflia)|Enzena]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enzen'')</small> * [[Episcopi Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Episcopi Domus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bischheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bischem'')</small> * [[Episcopi Mons (Nava)|Episcopi Mons]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frauenberg'')</small> * [[Epponis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenbrunn'')</small> * [[Era (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Era]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehr'')</small> * [[Erbes-Budesheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbes-Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Erela]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrel''; dialectaliter ''Eardel'')</small> * [[Ericetum Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenheide'')</small> * [[Ermeniacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmenach'')</small> * [[Erneza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernst'')</small> * [[Erphowilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erfweiler'')</small> * [[Estor]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esthal''; [[Palatinice]] ''Eschdl'')</small> * [[Ethigira et Alara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ediger-Eller'')</small> * [[Etichovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etteldorf'')</small> * [[Ettringium (Eiflia)|Ettringium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettringen'')</small> * [[Eulgemium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulgem'')</small> * [[Excelsa Devexitas]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenöllen'')</small> * [[Excelsum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheischweiler'')</small> * [[Excelsus Scopulus-Essingia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenfels-Essingen'')</small> * [[Exstirpatio Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndroth'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fachbachium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891">Bär, M. (1891). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. [[Bonna]]e, in Germania: Max Cohen & Sohn et Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fachbach'')</small> * [[Fagetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fagetum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchet'')</small> * [[Fagus (Taunus)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch'')</small> * [[Fagus (Tergum Caninum)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Booch'')</small> * [[Fagus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambuch'')</small> * [[Faidia]]<ref name="Statistisches Landesamt 2024">Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz. (2024). ''Bevölkerungsstand von Land, Landkreisen, Gemeinden und Verbandsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Faid'')</small> * [[Falconis Petra (Palatinatus)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Falkenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Falgestää'')</small> * [[Fela et Villa Ritizonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fehl-Ritzhausen''; dialectaliter ''Feel-R’tshause'')</small> * [[Ferrifodina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ferrifodina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenschmitt'')</small> * [[Filsena]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Filsen'')</small> * [[Fischlinga Minor]]<ref name="Zölch 2012">Zölch, T. (2012). ''Die Bischöfe von Speyer zur Zeit Kaiser Friedrichs II''. [[Universitas Ruperto-Carola Heidelbergensis]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinfischlingen'')</small> * [[Flexus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Flexus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bogel'')</small> * [[Flexus Rheni]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm am Rhein'')</small> * [[Flisima]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fließem'')</small> * [[Fluderscha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fluterschen'')</small> * [[Fluxus Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damflos'')</small> * [[Fons Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bereborn'')</small> * [[Fons Boeri]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimborn'')</small> * [[Fons Fluvius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Herii (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Fons Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herwerre'')</small> * [[Fons Lamberti]]<ref name="Mitteilungen 1870">Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz (1870). ''Die Register der Diözese Speyer''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böllenborn'')</small> * [[Fontes Frigidi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fontes Frigidi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenborn'')</small> * [[Forstium (Eiflia)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Binningen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier; et: Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Mörsdorf/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier. (</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium (Tergum Caninum)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst''; [[Hunnice]] ''Forschd'')</small> * [[Forstium (prope Wissenam ad Segam)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2026">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2026). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Sebastian (Wissen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(prope [[Wissena ad Segam|Wissenam ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Speyer. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Margaretha (Forst)''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Speyer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum ad Salmam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(prope [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(prope [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Aschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Tergum Caninum)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus (prope Nastadium)|Fraxinorivus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(prope [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus Palatinus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Frohnhofenium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frohnhofen'')</small> * [[Fructus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fructus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frücht'')</small> * [[Fundus (Occidentalis Silva)|Fundus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boden'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Gammina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gamlen'')</small> * [[Gapinacha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gappenach'')</small> * [[Gefellium (Eiflia)|Gefellium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Gefell (2024)">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Hubertus (Gefell)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gefell'')</small> * [[Geichlinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geichlingen'')</small> * [[Geisigium]]<ref name="Bistum Limburg 2024">Bistum Limburg (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis des Diözesanarchivs Limburg''. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam|Limburgi ad Lahnam]], in Germania: Diözesanarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisig'')</small> * [[Gelerotha]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gieleroth'')</small> * [[Gelisheimia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gilzem'')</small> * [[Gembrica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemmerich'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Oura)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Longnon 1915">Longnon, A. (1915). ''Pouillés de la province de Trèves''. Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(ad [[Oura (Sura)|Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünd'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Occidentalis Silva)|Gemundia]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Tergum Caninum)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Zwiebelberg 1970">Zwiebelberg, W. (1970). ''Das alte Gemünden''. Harald Boldt Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geminne'')</small> * [[Gensina]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gensingen'')</small> * [[Georgii Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Georgii Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Görgeshausen'')</small> * [[Geraha (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Geraha]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerisch'')</small> * [[Gerardi Fons]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrend & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerhardsbrunn'')</small> * [[Gerardshusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giershausen'')</small> * [[Gerbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerbach'')</small> * [[Gergeroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girkenroth'')</small> * [[Geringa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gering'')</small> * [[Gerolsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolsheim'')</small> * [[Gevenichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gevenich'')</small> * [[Geysinhusium]]<ref name="Trautmann 2001">Trautmann, D. (2001). ''Bilder, Geschichten und Nachrichten aus über 700 Jahren Giesenhausen''. Vetere Ecclesia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesenhausen'')</small> * [[Gichelinga]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Treves bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gentingen'')</small> * [[Gielertum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gielert'')</small> * [[Gierschnacum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gierschnach'')</small> * [[Gildensburna]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenbeuren'')</small> * [[Gillenfeldia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Jillwed'')</small> * [[Gimbsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbsheim'')</small> * [[Gindorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gindorf'')</small> * [[Gipperatha]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gipperath'')</small> * [[Giroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girod'')</small> * [[Gisina Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesdorf'')</small> * [[Glanna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenglan'')</small> * [[Glensa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glees'')</small> * [[Glisweilerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleisweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Glääswoiler'')</small> * [[Glizicella-Horbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleiszellen-Gleishorbach'')</small> * [[Godenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gödenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerad'')</small> * [[Godhardi Novale]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Goddert''; dialectaliter ''Gorert'')</small> * [[Goecklingia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Göcklingen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gecklinge'')</small> * [[Gommersheimum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gommersheim'')</small> * [[Gondenbrettum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondenbrett'')</small> * [[Goenhemium]]<ref name="Baur 1862">Baur, L. (1862). ''Hessische Urkunden: Aus dem Grossherzoglich Hessischen Haus- und Staatsarchive''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Verlag von Jonghaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnheim'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (Eiflia)|Goennersdorfium]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (prope Aquas Brisiacenses)|Goennersdorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Aquae Brisiacenses|Aquas Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888"/></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Gornhausium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gornhausen'')</small> * [[Gozerswillare-Lapis]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gossersweiler-Stein'')</small> * [[Graca ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Graach an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Grandesdorpum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gransdorf'')</small> * [[Gransifenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großseifen''; dialectaliter: ''Großseife'')</small> * [[Greimersburgum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimersburg'')</small> * [[Grenderiacum]]<ref name="Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024)">Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024). ''Ortsgeschichte – Gemeinde Grenderich''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grenderich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gränerisch'')</small> * [[Griesa (Palatinatus)|Griesa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gries'')</small> * [[Grimburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grimburg'')</small> * [[Grimolderoda (Eiflia)|Grimolderoda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grimoldesroda (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Grimoldesroda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grolshemium]]<ref name="Saur 1594">Saur, A. (1594). ''Theatrum Urbium: Contrafeytung und Beschreibung der vornembsten Stätte, Schlösser und Festungen''. Nicolaus Basseus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grolsheim'')</small> * [[Grosslangenfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Grosslangenfelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Guckhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guckheim'')</small> * [[Guckingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gückingen'')</small> * [[Gumbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gonbach'')</small> * [[Gumonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gumbsheim'')</small> * [[Gumpwillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbweiler'')</small> * [[Gundahari Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersheim'')</small> * [[Gunderathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gunderath'')</small> * [[Gundeswillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ginsweiler'')</small> * [[Gundonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundheim'')</small> * [[Gunterespumario]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guntersblum'')</small> * [[Guntershusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gundersch'')</small> * [[Gurgitis Campus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dümpelfeld'')</small> * [[Gusenburgium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusenburg'')</small> * [[Gussenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gösenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geserd'')</small> * [[Gusterathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusterath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Göstert'')</small> * [[Gylnheimum]]<ref name="Gemeinde Göllheim">Gemeinde Göllheim. (s.f.). ''Göllheims Geschichte''. Göllheim.de.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Göllheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gellem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hackonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hackenheim'')</small> * [[Hahnstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnstätten'')</small> * [[Hainavia]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainau'')</small> * [[Hano]]<ref name="Waitz 1879">Waitz, G. (Ed.) (1879). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhn'')</small> * [[Hanum (Tergum Caninum)|Hanum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn'')</small> * [[Hanum ad Lacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn am See'')</small> * [[Hanum prope Mariambergam]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn bei Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Hoh'')</small> * [[Hasbacum ad Montem Sancti Remigii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haschbach am Remigiusberg'')</small> * [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasborn'')</small> * [[Hattertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattert'')</small> * [[Haurothum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauroth'')</small> * [[Heckenmuensterium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenmünster'')</small> * [[Heddertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heddert'')</small> * [[Helonze]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlenz'')</small> * [[Herdiga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirten'')</small> * [[Hergenfeldia]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Hergenfeld. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde Hergenfeld''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenfeld'')</small> * [[Hergenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenroth'')</small> * [[Hergersvillare]]<ref name="Verbandsgemeinde Kandel 2013">Verbandsgemeinde Kandel. (2013). ''Statistik und Geschichte der Ortsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergersweiler'')</small> * [[Herisdorfium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hersdorf'')</small> * [[Herla]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Diplomata">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Diplomata Otto II''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herl''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Herdel'')</small> * [[Hermersberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermersberg'')</small> * [[Heroldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herold'')</small> * [[Herpla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpel'')</small> * [[Herresbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herresbach'')</small> * [[Herrsteinium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herrstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herrschid'' seu ''Herrschde'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (prope Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali)|Herschbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali|Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (Occidentalis Silva Superior)|Herschbacum]] <small>(prope [[Vallemeroda]]m<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschberg'')</small> * [[Herschbroichum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbroich'')</small> * [[Herschvillare-Pettershemium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Herschweiler-Pettersheim">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''About: Herschweiler-Pettersheim''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref><ref name="Knod I 1897">Knod, G. C. (Ed.) (1897). ''Die alten Matrikeln der Universität Strassburg 1621 bis 1793'' (Vol. 1).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschweiler-Pettersheim'')</small> * [[Hertlinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Härtlingen'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Montem]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Vivarium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheimweyher'')</small> * [[Herxheimium prope Landaviam]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim bei Landau/Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Herxe'')</small> * [[Herzfeldia (Eiflia)|Herzfeldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herzfeld'')</small> * [[Hessheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heßheim'')</small> * [[Hesvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hesweiler'')</small> * [[Hettenhusa (Palatinatus)|Hettenhusa]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenhausen'')</small> * [[Hettenleidelheimium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenleidelheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hettrum'')</small> * [[Hettenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenrodt''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hetterd'' seu ''Hädderd'')</small> * [[Hetzeroda (Eiflia)|Hetzeroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hetzerath'')</small> * [[Heupelzena]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heupelzen'')</small> * [[Heuzerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuzert'')</small> * [[Hiberna Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Güllesheim'')</small> * [[Hilgenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgenroth'')</small> * [[Hilgerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgert'')</small> * [[Hillesheimum (Hassia Rhenana)|Hillesheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hillscheidum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillscheid'')</small> * [[Hilscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilscheid'')</small> * [[Hilsta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilst'')</small> * [[Himmighovium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Himmighofen'')</small> * [[Hintertiefenbachum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hintertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Hintervillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweiler'')</small> * [[Hinzenburgum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzenburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Henzebürch'')</small> * [[Hinzvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzweiler'')</small> * [[Hirza et Maulsbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirz-Maulsbach'')</small> * [[Hochdorfium et Assenheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochdorf-Assenheim'')</small> * [[Hochscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochscheid'')</small> * [[Hochstadium (Palatinatus)|Hochstadium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Houschd'')</small> * [[Hochstaetta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstätten'')</small> * [[Hoeringia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höringen'')</small> * [[Hoffelera]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffler'')</small> * [[Holenachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hollnich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunelisch'')</small> * [[Holenbachium]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großholbach'')</small> * [[Holsthumium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holsthum''; dialectaliter ''Holzem'')</small> * [[Hommerdingia]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hommerdingen'')</small> * [[Honerathum]]<ref name="Mercator 1630">Mercator, G. (1630). ''Atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura''. Sumptibus & typis aeneis Henrici Hondii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Honerath'')</small> * [[Honthemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hontheim'')</small> * [[Hopstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten'')</small> * [[Hopstadium-Weiersbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten-Weiersbach'')</small> * [[Horathun]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horath'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Palatinatus)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (prope Symeram)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(prope [[Symera]]m<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbruchium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbruch'')</small> * [[Hordtum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hördt'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Occidentalis Silva)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Hornbacum Antiquum]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Althornbach'')</small> * [[Hornum (Tergum Caninum)|Hornum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoore'')</small> * [[Horperathum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horperath'')</small> * [[Horschbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horschbach'')</small> * [[Horscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörscheid'')</small> * [[Horshusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörschhausen'')</small> * [[Hortus Apium in Campo]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilbingert'')</small> * [[Hortus Arborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bongard'')</small> * [[Hortus Lineus (Eiflia)|Hortus Lineus]]<ref name="Schweitzer 2002">Schweitzer, P. P. (2002). ''Altdeutscher Wortschatz: Ein erklärendes Wörterbuch der mittelhochdeutschen Sprache''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargarten'')</small> * [[Hortus Lintearius (Palatinatus)|Hortus Lintearius]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallgarten'')</small> * [[Horweilerum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horrweiler'')</small> * [[Hostenum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hosten'')</small> * [[Hottenbacum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hottenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoddebach'')</small> * [[Hovela]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hövels'')</small> * [[Hublingia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüblingen'')</small> * [[Huchelheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim bei Frankenthal'')</small> * [[Huchilinheimum-Clinga]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Heuchelheim-Klingen. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''; et: Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). About: ''Klingen''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim-Klingen'')</small> * [[Huebingia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hübingen'')</small> * [[Huetterscheidum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütterscheid'')</small> * [[Huffelshemium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffelsheim'')</small> * [[Hummelum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hümmel'')</small> * [[Hummerichum]] <small>(Theodisce ''H<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/>ümmerich'')</small> * [[Huncenrothum-Polrothum]]<ref>ORTSGEMEINDE HINZERT-PÖLERT. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzert-Pölert'')</small> * [[Hundsangia]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsangen'')</small> * [[Hundsbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsbach'')</small> * [[Hundsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Hundsdorfium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsdorf'')</small> * [[Hunfridesvillare]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hefersweiler'')</small> * [[Hungenrothum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hungenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunscherd'')</small> * [[Huninga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Huninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hönningen'')</small> * [[Hunzella]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hunzel'')</small> * [[Hupperathum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hupperath''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Hauperth'')</small> * [[Hutschenhusa]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütschenhausen'')</small> * [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütten'')</small> * [[Huttinga ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Huttinga prope Laram]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen bei Lahr'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iacobi Villare (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Iacobi Villare]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jakobsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Joxwiller'')</small> * [[Ibiscus (prope Saravicastrum)|Ibiscus]]<ref name="Müller 1915">Müller, M. (1915). ''Die Ortsnamen im Regierungsbezirk Trier''. F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Irsch'')</small> * [[Icorigium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jünkerath'')</small> * [[Idenhemium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idenheim'')</small> * [[Ideshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idesheim'')</small> * [[Ieckenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jeckenbach'')</small> * [[Iettenbacum (Palatinatus)|Iettenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jettenbach'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Ilbeshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium prope Landavium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz'')</small> * [[Illericum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Illerich'')</small> * [[Immeradium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immerath'')</small> * [[Immertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immert'')</small> * [[Immeshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786">Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Immesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Immesem'')</small> * [[Imiciswilare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Imschwiller'')</small> * [[Impflingia]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Impflingen'')</small> * [[Imsbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsbach'')</small> * [[Indago ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Apri]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebernhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Frisonum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenhagen'')</small> * [[Indago Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebhardshain'')</small> * [[Indago Hildonius-Mons Scillonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellenhahn-Schellenberg'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnweiler'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis|Circulo terrae Moguntiacensi et Bingensi]]<ref name="CTMEB">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mainz-Bingen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moguntiacensis-e" et "Bingensis-e" ad [[Moguntiacum]] et [[Binga]]m referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnheim'')</small> * [[Ingelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelbach'')</small> * [[Ingendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingendorf'')</small> * [[Inshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Isem'')</small> * [[Insula (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula]]<ref name="Bär 1905"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insul'')</small> * [[Iockgrimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jockgrim'')</small> * [[Ippenscheda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ippenschied'')</small> * [[Irmtrauda]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmtraut'')</small> * [[Irrhusium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrhausen'')</small> * [[Isenburgum (Occidentalis Silva)|Isenburgum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isenburg'')</small> * [[Isertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isert'')</small> * [[Isselbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isselbach'')</small> * [[Iuckenium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jucken'')</small> * [[Iugenhemium in Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Widder III 1787">Widder, J. G. (1787). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 3). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref><ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jugenheim in Rheinhessen'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kannis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kenn'')</small> * [[Kedenhemium]]<ref name="Regionalgeschichte 2016">Regionalgeschichte.net (2016). ''Kettenheim: Geschichte der Ortsgemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenheim'')</small> * [[Kelbachium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kelbachium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehlbach'')</small> * [[Keidelheimium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Keidelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käillem'')</small> * [[Kellenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kellenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Källebach'')</small> * [[Kemmenavia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kemmenau'')</small> * [[Keppeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Keppeshausen'')</small> * [[Kerisbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirsbach'')</small> * [[Kerna]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landkern'')</small> * [[Kerschenbachium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2025">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2025). ''Inventar der katholischen Kirchenbücher des Bistums Trier''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Bistumsarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerschenbach'')</small> * [[Kerzenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerzenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerzrum'')</small> * [[Kescheidium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kescheid'')</small> * [[Kettigium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettig'')</small> * [[Kickeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter: Quellenband'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kickeshausen'')</small> * [[Kilsa (Tergum Caninum)|Kilsa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Külz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kilz'')</small> * [[Kinhemium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinheim'')</small> * [[Kinzenburgum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinzenburg'')</small> * [[Kirica (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Kirica]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehrig'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (Palatinatus)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerben'')</small> * [[Krautscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krautscheid'')</small> * [[Kriegsfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kriegsfeld'')</small> * [[Krottelbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krottelbach'')</small> * [[Kuhardtium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhardt'')</small> * [[Kunhovia]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhnhöfen'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Lamberti Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambertsberg'')</small> * [[Lambsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsheim'')</small> * [[Lampada]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lampaden'')</small> * [[Landscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landscheid''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Lähschend'')</small> * [[Langasura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langsur''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Laser'')</small> * [[Langenbachium (Palatinatus)|Langenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach'')</small> * [[Langenbachium prope Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach bei Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Langemisch'')</small> * [[Langenhahnium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenhahn'')</small> * [[Langenlonsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenlonsheim'')</small> * [[Langenscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenscheid'')</small> * [[Langewida]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langwieden'')</small> * [[Langscheidium (prope Magniacum)|Langscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701">Schaten, N. (1701). ''Historia Westfaliae: in qua inferuntur varii orbis eventus''. Neuhusii: Per Joannem Gissener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Langscheid'')</small> * [[Langvilar (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Langvilar]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Langvilare (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Langvilare]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Lantswindawilare]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leinsweiler'')</small> * [[Lara (Eiflia)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr'')</small> * [[Lara (Tergum Caninum)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lohr'')</small> * [[Lascheidium (Eiflia)|Lascheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lascheid'')</small> * [[Laselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lasel'')</small> * [[Latitudo (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Latitudo]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breit'')</small> * [[Laubacum (Eiflia)|Laubacum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841">Pertz, G. H. (1841). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptorum tomus IV''. Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach'')</small> * [[Laubenhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubenheim'')</small> * [[Laudertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laudert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lourad'')</small> * [[Laufeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufeld'')</small> * [[Laumershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laumersheim'')</small> * [[Lauperathum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauperath'')</small> * [[Laurencastrum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laurenburg'')</small> * [[Lauscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauschied'')</small> * [[Lautershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautersheim'')</small> * [[Lautertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautert'')</small> * [[Lautzenbruckium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautze,nbrücken''; dialectaliter ''Lautzebrick'')</small> * [[Lautzenhausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Louhze'')</small> * [[Leidenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leidenborn'')</small> * [[Leienkaula]]<ref name="Günther 1844">Günther, J. J. (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Stadt Coblenz und ihrer Umgebung''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leienkaul'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Adenovam)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimbach'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Novum Castellum)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Stein 1819">Stein, C. (1819). ''Handbuch der Geographie und Statistik des preußischen Staats''. [[Lipsia]]e: Hinrichs</ref> <small>(prope [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Leimenium (Palatinatus)|Leimenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimen'')</small> * [[Leimershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lämersche'')</small> * [[Leiningium (Tergum Caninum)|Leiningium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiningen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läininge'')</small> * [[Leiselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leisel'')</small> * [[Leonis Mons (Palatinatus)|Leonis Mons]]<ref name="Meichelbeck 1724">Meichelbeck, K. (1724). ''Historiae Frisingensis: Tomus II''. Augustae Vindelicorum: Veith.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lemberg'')</small> * [[Lesura (commune)|Lesura]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieser'')</small> * [[Leublibacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löllbach'')</small> * [[Leubsdorfium (ad Rhenum)|Leubsdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Leudoinvillare]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler (2025). ''Geschichte-Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leitzweiler'')</small> * [[Leuterodum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leuterod'')</small> * [[Leutesdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leutesdorf'')</small> * [[Liba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Liba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiwen'')</small> * [[Lichtenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lichtenborn'')</small> * [[Liebenscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebenscheid'')</small> * [[Liebshausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Liebse'')</small> * [[Liega]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieg'')</small> * [[Liepburna]]<ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lipporn'')</small> * [[Liesenichium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liesenich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lissenisch'')</small> * [[Lievirskeidum]]<ref name="Stimming 1932">Stimming, R. (1932). ''Mainzer Urkundenbuch: Erster Band. Die Urkunden bis al 1137''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Selbstverlag der Hessischen Historischen Kommission.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierschied'')</small> * [[Lilia (Palatinatus)|Lilia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Limbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Limbacum]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Limbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Limbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lindenium (Occidentalis Silva)|Lindenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Aram)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Magniacum)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindenberga (Palatinatus)|Lindenberga]]<ref name="">Glasschröder, F. X. (1903). ''Urkunden zur Pfälzischen Kirchengeschichte im Mittelalter''. [[Monacum|Monaci]]: Schöningh.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenberg'')</small> * [[Lindescheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Linneschidd'')</small> * [[Lingenfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingenfeld'')</small> * [[Lingerhahnum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingerhahn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lingadd'')</small> * [[Linkenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linkenbach'')</small> * [[Liomena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lehmen'')</small> * [[Liriveltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierfeld'')</small> * [[Lirstalium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lirstal'')</small> * [[Litviller]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lettweiler'')</small> * [[Lissendorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lissendorf'')</small> * [[Lochumium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lochum'')</small> * [[Locus Paludis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börrstadt''; [[Palatanice]] ''Berrschdadd'')</small> * [[Lohnsfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnsfeld'')</small> * [[Lohrhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohrheim'')</small> * [[Lolscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lollschied'')</small> * [[Lonenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lünebach'')</small> * [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnweiler'')</small> * [[Longa Vallis (Tergum Caninum)|Longa Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenthal'')</small> * [[Longocampus Minor]]<ref name="Marx II 1843">Marx, J. (1843). ''Geschichte der Pfarreien der Diöcese Trier''. (Vol. 2). Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Longuina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Longen'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Longus Campus]]<ref>Vide [https://www.bernkastel.de/ferienland-bernkastel-kues/longkamp ''Longkamp''], ubi dicitur "(...) Geschichte von “longus campus” (lat. Langes Feld) (...)".</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Longkamp'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Eiflia)|Longus Campus]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenfeld'')</small> * [[Longus Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Longus Vicus]]<ref>Vide [https://viamosel.com/en/village/longuich/ ''Longuich – Roman Luxury Villa and Medieval Flair''], ubi dicitur "(...) Longuich derives from the Gallo-Roman for “Longus Vicus” (...)"</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Longuich'')</small> * [[Lonsetum]]<ref>Vide [https://loesnich.de/en/#history ''History of Lösnich''], ubi dicitur "(...) They built mansions and winepresses and called the place „Lonsetum “ (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lösnich'')</small> * [[Lonshemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonsheim'')</small> * [[Lorenzevillare]]<ref>Vide [https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/rheinhessen/loerzweiler.html ''Zur Geschichte von Lörzweiler''], ubi dicitur "(...) Lörzweiler kommt urkundlich erstmals um das Jahr 790 vor. Es hieß damals Lorenzevillare (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lörzweiler'')</small> * [[Lorscha]]<ref name="Goerz 1882">Goerz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: III. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lorscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Löhschd'')</small> * [[Lorzebura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lötzbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Letzbäiere'')</small> * [[Louva]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löf'')</small> * [[Luckenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luckenbach'')</small> * [[Luckenburgium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lückenburg'')</small> * [[Lunda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lunda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonnig'')</small> * [[Luofersvillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufersweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läwaschwilla'')</small> * [[Lupachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Band 2''. [[Bonna]]e: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Labach'')</small> * [[Lustadium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lustadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Loscht'' seu ''Luscht'')</small> * [[Lutzerathium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lutzerath'')</small> * [[Luxemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luxem'')</small> * [[Luzium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lütz'')</small> * [[Lykershausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lykershausen'')</small> * [[Lyncisium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ließem'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maccha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Macken''; [[Hunnice]] ''Magge'' seu ''Macke'')</small> * [[Mackenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenbach'')</small> * [[Mackenrodum]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenrodt'')</small> * [[Magnum Carlobachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkarlbach'')</small> * [[Magnum Fischlingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großfischlingen'')</small> * [[Magnum Liticium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Gruhssleehtchen'')</small> * [[Magnum Steinhusium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Maischeidium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großmaischeid''; dialectaliter: ''Grußmäschd'' seu ''Mäschd'' seu ''Maischeid'')</small> * [[Maischeidum Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinmaischeid'')</small> * [[Maitzbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maitzborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädschboore'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Eiflia)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Occidentalis Silva)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malborn'')</small> * [[Malstreshusium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mastershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Masdasch'')</small> * [[Malus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Malus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzappel'')</small> * [[Mamina]]<ref name="Jung 2012">Jung, C. (2012). ''Namen des Lahngebietes: Alteuropäische Hydronymie und Siedlungsnamen''. Ippsch-Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mammelzen'')</small> * [[Manderscheidium (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Manderscheidium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Mandra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mandra]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandern'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (Eiflia)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (prope Saravicastrum)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannendalum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandel'')</small> * [[Mannuvillare-Colonia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannweiler-Cölln'')</small> * [[Manubacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manubach'')</small> * [[Maquila]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckel'')</small> * [[Marienfelsium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienfels'')</small> * [[Marienrachdorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienrachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Mairachtrof'')</small> * [[Maringum-Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maring-Noviand'')</small> * [[Marnhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marnheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Marem'')</small> * [[Marothum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maroth''; dialectaliter ''Moed'')</small> * [[Mars Villa Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesdorf''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Meertesdaerf'')</small> * [[Martis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzkirchen'')</small> * [[Martishusium]]<ref name="Gensicke 1972">Gensicke, H. (1972). ''Das Kirchspiel Kroppach''. Nassauische Annalen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Marzhausen'')</small> * [[Masburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masburg'')</small> * [[Masthornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masthorn'')</small> * [[Masvillerium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maßweiler'')</small> * [[Matzenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzenbach'')</small> * [[Matzerathum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzerath'')</small> * [[Mauchenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauchenheim'')</small> * [[Maudena]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauden'')</small> * [[Mauela]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauel'')</small> * [[Mauschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauschbach'')</small> * [[Maxdorfium]]<ref name="Hugo & al. 2020">Hugo, J., et al. (Ed.) (2020). ''Slovník nespisovné češtiny: argot, slangy a obecná mluva od nejstarších dob po současnost'' (IV ed.). Maxdorfii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxdorf'')</small> * [[Maxsainum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxsain''; dialectaliter ''Maxään'' seu ''Maxsään'')</small> * [[Mayschossium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayschoß'' seu ''Mayschoss'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Bircofeldam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenhemium (Palatinatus)|Meckenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenheim'')</small> * [[Medardum (ad Glanam)|Medardum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Medard'')</small> * [[Meddershemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meddersheim'')</small> * [[Mehlbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlbach'')</small> * [[Mehlinga]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlingen'')</small> * [[Meigenvillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzweiler'')</small> * [[Meineburum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meinborn''; dialectaliter ''Mämer'')</small> * [[Meinkemera]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maikammer'')</small> * [[Meisbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maisborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Märzboore'')</small> * [[Meisburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisburg''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Mesbuasch'')</small> * [[Meispathium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662">Blaeu, J. (1662). ''Atlas Maior, Sive Cosmographia Blaviana: Germania'' (Vol. 3). Joan Blaeu.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meuspath'')</small> * [[Melsbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Melsbach'')</small> * [[Mengerschiedum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce et [[Hunnice]] ''Mengerschied'')</small> * [[Menningum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Menningen'')</small> * [[Merckelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merkelbach'')</small> * [[Merenfeldum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meerfeld'')</small> * [[Merlscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merlscheid'')</small> * [[Merninga]]<ref>Vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/19074/file/BLB_Langenbeck_BeitraegeWeilerFrage.pdf ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''], ubi dicitur "(...) in uilla que nuncupatur Merninga" (= Mehring bei Trier) (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehring'')</small> * [[Merremum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mermuth'')</small> * [[Merschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Mertelacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertloch'')</small> * [[Merteshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesheim'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Merum]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis".</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Merum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mähren'')</small> * [[Merum (Eiflia)|Merum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merxhemium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Merxhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merxheim'')</small> * [[Merzalbum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzalben'')</small> * [[Mesenichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mesenich'')</small> * [[Messerichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Messerich'')</small> * [[Mettendorfum (Eiflia)|Mettendorfum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettendorf'')</small> * [[Mettenhemium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mettenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettenheim'')</small> * [[Metterichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metterich'')</small> * [[Metvillare]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettweiler'')</small> * [[Metzenhusa]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädse'')</small> * [[Meuda]]<ref name="Struck 1988">Struck, W. H. (1988). Das Stift St. Lubentius in Dietkirchen. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meudt'')</small> * [[Michelbach (Tergum Caninum)|Michelbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Michelbach (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Miehlen]] * [[Miellen]] * [[Minden (Sauer)|Minden]] * [[Minderlittgen]] * [[Minfeld]] * [[Minheim]] * [[Misselberg]] * [[Mittelbrunn]] * [[Mittelfischbach]] * [[Mittelhof]] * [[Mittelreidenbach]] * [[Mittelstrimmig]] * [[Mogendorf]] * [[Mola Autumnalis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herbstmühle'')</small> * [[Molsberg]] * [[Mölsheim]] * [[Molzhain]] * [[Mommenheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Mommenheim]] * [[Monachorum Villa ad Glanam]]<ref name="Weber 2012">Weber, H. (2012). ''Glan-Münchweiler''. Regionalgeschichte.net.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glan-Münchweiler'')</small> * [[Monreal]] * [[Mons (Palatinatus)|Mons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (Taunus)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (prope Arvilare)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons Alachonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Alachonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altissimus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Altissimus]]<ref>''Ortsgemeinde Höchstberg'' (s. f.)</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altus (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Altus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Aureus (prope Bircofeldam)|Mons Aureus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gollenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Basii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Basberg'')</small> * [[Mons Battonis (Palatinatus)|Mons Battonis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Battenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Bilonis]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes (3 ed.). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bölsberg''; dialectaliter ''Bilsbisch'' seu ''Bölsberisch'')</small> * [[Mons Bonus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Bonus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Busonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Coronae (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Coronae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cronenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Crampii]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cramberg'')</small> * [[Mons Dasonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dasburg'')</small> * [[Mons Didonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deimberg'')</small> * [[Mons Epponis (Eiflia)|Mons Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ethnicorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidenburg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (ad Lanum)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(ad Lanum<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hömberg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etschberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fockilonis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991">Dolch, M., & Greule, A. (1991). ''Historisches Siedlungsnamenbuch der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Föckelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fuscus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Fuscus]]<ref name="Karp-Schreiber 1664">Karp-Schreiber, W. (1664). ''Chronica Braunebergensis: De vineis et uvis in Iuffer sitis''. Monte Fusco: Officina Domestica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauneberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gallonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Galenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gelenis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gelenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gisilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geiselberg'')</small> * [[Mons Heldonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heltersberg'')</small> * [[Mons Henrici (prope Kyrinam)|Mons Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenberg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häänzebersch'')</small> * [[Mons Hirci (Eiflia)|Mons Hirci]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boxberg'')</small> * [[Mons Idel]]<ref name="Bär 1905">Bär, M. (1905). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lucidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Lucidus]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglicht'')</small> * [[Mons Ludovici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ludovici]]<ref name="Annales Rhenani 1832">''Annales Rhenani: de navigatione et commercio'' (1832).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Ruborum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ruborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremberg'')</small> * [[Mons Sancti Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sancti Martini]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Sanctorum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sanctorum]] <small>(Theodisce ''Heilberscheid'')</small> * [[Mons Ululorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Ululorum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vallis (prope Cruciniacum)|Mons Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vitulorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel''. [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kelberg'')</small> * [[Monsheim]] * [[Möntenich]] * [[Montes (prope Kyrinam)|Montes]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berje'')</small> * [[Monzelfeld]] * [[Monzernheim]] * [[Monzingen]] * [[Moritzheim]] * [[Mörlen]] * [[Mörsbach]] * [[Mörschbach]] * [[Morscheid]] * [[Morschheim]] * [[Mörschied]] * [[Mörsdorf (Tergum Caninum)|Mörsdorf]] * [[Mörsfeld]] * [[Morshausen]] * [[Mörstadt]] * [[Mosbruch]] * [[Moschheim]] * [[Moselkern]] * [[Mückeln]] * [[Müden (Mosel)]] * [[Mudenbach]] * [[Mudersbach]] * [[Mudershausen]] * [[Mühlpfad]] * [[Mülbach]] * [[Mülheim an der Mosel]] * [[Müllenbach (prope Adenovam)|Müllenbach]] <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> * [[Müllenbach (prope Magniacum)|Müllenbach]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Münchwald]] * [[Münchweiler am Klingbach]] * [[Münchweiler an der Alsenz]] * [[Münchweiler an der Rodalb]] * [[Mündersbach]] * [[Münk]] * [[Münsterappel]] * [[Münster-Sarmsheim]] * [[Mürlenbach]] * [[Müsch]] * [[Müschenbach]] * [[Musweiler]] * [[Mutterschied]] * [[Mützenich (bei Prüm)|Mützenich]] * [[Muxerath]] {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nachtsheim]] * [[Nack]] * [[Nackenheim]] * [[Nannhausen]] * [[Nanzdietschweiler]] * [[Nasingen]] * [[Nattenheim]] * [[Naunheim]] * [[Nauort]] * [[Nauroth]] * [[Naurath (Eiflia)]] * [[Naurath (Wald)]] * [[Neef]] * [[Nehren (Mosel)|Nehren]] * [[Neichen]] * [[Neidenbach]] * [[Neidenfels]] * [[Neitersen]] * [[Nentershausen (Occidentalis Silva)|Nentershausen]] * [[Nerdlen]] * [[Neroth]] * [[Nerzweiler]] * [[Netzbach]] * [[Neu-Bamberg]] * [[Neuburg am Rhein]] * [[Neuendorf (Eiflia)|Neuendorf]] * [[Neuerkirch]] * [[Neuhäusel]] * [[Neuheilenbach]] * [[Neuhemsbach]] * [[Neuhofen (Pfalz)|Neuhofen]] * [[Neuhütten (Silva Alta)|Neuhütten]] * [[Neuleiningen]] * [[Neumagen-Dhron]] * [[Neunkhausen]] * [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]] * [[Neunkirchen (Tergum Caninum)|Neunkirchen]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Neunkirchen (Occidentalis Silva)|Neunkirchen]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Neupotz]] * [[Neustadt/Westerwald]] * [[Neustadt (Wied)]] * [[Newel]] * [[Ney (Tergum Caninum)|Ney]] * [[Nickenich]] * [[Nidineshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niederahr]] * [[Niederalben]] * [[Niederbachheim]] * [[Niederbreitbach]] * [[Niederbrombach]] * [[Niederburg]] * [[Niederdreisbach]] * [[Niederdürenbach]] * [[Niederelbert]] * [[Niedererbach]] * [[Niederfell]] * [[Niederfischbach]] * [[Niederhambach]] * [[Niederhausen (Nahe)|Niederhausen]] <small>(Nahe)</small> * [[Niederhausen an der Appel]] * [[Niederheimbach]] * [[Nieder-Hilbersheim]] * [[Niederhofen]] * [[Niederhorbach]] * [[Niederhosenbach]] * [[Niederirsen]] * [[Niederkirchen (Westpfalz)|Niederkirchen]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim]] * [[Nieder Kostenz]] * [[Niederkumbd]] * [[Niederlauch]] * [[Niedermohr]] * [[Niedermoschel]] * [[Niederneisen]] * [[Niederöfflingen]] * [[Niederotterbach]] * [[Niederpierscheid]] * [[Niederraden]] * [[Niederroßbach]] * [[Niedersayn]] * [[Niederscheidweiler]] * [[Niederschlettenbach]] * [[Niedersohren]] * [[Niederstadtfeld]] * [[Niederstaufenbach]] * [[Niederstedem]] * [[Niedersteinebach]] * [[Niedert]] * [[Niedertiefenbach]] * [[Niederwallmenach]] * [[Niederwambach]] * [[Niederweiler (Eiflia)|Niederweiler]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Niederweiler (Tergum Caninum)|Niederweiler]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Niederweis]] * [[Niederwerth]] * [[Nieder-Wiesen]] * [[Niederwörresbach]] * [[Niederzissen]] * [[Niedesheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niehl]] * [[Niersbach]] * [[Nievern]] * [[Nimshuscheid]] * [[Nimsreuland]] * [[Nister (Gemeinde)|Nister]] * [[Nisterau]] * [[Nisterberg]] * [[Nister-Möhrendorf]] * [[Nistertal]] * [[Nittel]] * [[Nitz]] * [[Nochern]] * [[Nohen]] * [[Nohn]] * [[Nomborn]] * [[Norath]] * [[Nordhofen]] * [[Norheim]] * [[Norken]] * [[Nörtershausen]] * [[Nothweiler]] * [[Novale Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berkoth'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis ad Vallemerodam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis prope Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Novale Bonii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Borod'')</small> * [[Novale Bononis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bönert'')</small> * [[Novale Candidum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blankenrath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Blanggad'')</small> * [[Novale Cerasorum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschroth'')</small> * [[Novale Daconis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Datzeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Danckradi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dankerath'')</small> * [[Novale Diemundi]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Demerath'')</small> * [[Novale Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenrod'')</small> * [[Novale Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebroth'')</small> * [[Novale Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlert'')</small> * [[Novale Guntharii]]<ref name="Böhmer 1908">Böhmer, J. F. (1908). ''Regesta Imperii I. Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern 751-918'' (E. Mühlbacher & J. Lechner, Eds.). Wagner'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersweiler'')</small> * [[Novale Hanonis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanroth'')</small> * [[Novale Helmerici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenroth'')</small> * [[Novale Silvae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novale Silvae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardert'')</small> * [[Nünschweiler]] * [[Nürburg (Gemeinde)|Nürburg]] * [[Nusbaum]] * [[Nußbach (Pfalz)|Nußbach]] * [[Nußbaum]] {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberahr]] * [[Oberalben]] * [[Oberarnbach]] * [[Oberbachheim]] * [[Oberbettingen]] * [[Oberbillig]] * [[Oberbrombach]] * [[Oberdiebach]] * [[Oberdreis]] * [[Oberdürenbach]] * [[Oberehe-Stroheich]] * [[Oberelbert]] * [[Oberelz]] * [[Obererbach (bei Montabaur)|Obererbach]] <small>(bei Montabaur)</small> * [[Obererbach (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Oberfell]] * [[Oberfischbach]] * [[Ober-Flörsheim]] * [[Obergeckler]] * [[Oberhaid (Occidentalis Silva)|Oberhaid]] * [[Oberhambach]] * [[Oberhausen (bei Bad Bergzabern)|Oberhausen]] <small>(bei Bad Bergzabern)</small> * [[Oberhausen an der Appel]] * [[Oberhausen an der Nahe]] * [[Oberhausen bei Kirn]] * [[Oberheimbach]] * [[Ober-Hilbersheim]] * [[Oberhonnefeld-Gierend]] * [[Oberhosenbach]] * [[Oberirsen]] * [[Oberkail]] * [[Oberkirn]] * [[Ober Kostenz]] * [[Oberlahr]] * [[Oberlascheid]] * [[Oberlauch]] * [[Oberndorf (Pfalz)|Oberndorf]] * [[Oberneisen]] * [[Obernheim-Kirchenarnbach]] * [[Obernhof]] * [[Oberöfflingen]] * [[Ober-Olm]] * [[Oberotterbach]] * [[Oberpierscheid]] * [[Oberraden]] * [[Oberreidenbach]] * [[Oberrod]] * [[Oberroßbach]] * [[Oberscheidweiler]] * [[Oberschlettenbach]] * [[Obersimten]] * [[Oberstadtfeld]] * [[Oberstaufenbach]] * [[Oberstedem]] * [[Obersteinebach]] * [[Oberstreit]] * [[Obersülzen]] * [[Obertiefenbach (Taunus)|Obertiefenbach]] * [[Oberwallmenach]] * [[Oberwambach]] * [[Oberweiler (Eiflia)|Oberweiler]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Oberweiler im Tal]] * [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach]] * [[Oberweis]] * [[Oberwies]] * [[Oberwiesen]] * [[Oberwörresbach]] * [[Oberzissen]] * [[Obrigheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Ochtendung]] * [[Ockenfels]] * [[Ockenheim]] * [[Ockfen]] * [[Odenbach]] * [[Odernheim am Glan]] * [[Oelsberg]] * [[Offenbach an der Queich]] * [[Offenbach-Hundheim]] * [[Offenheim]] * [[Offstein]] * [[Ogilonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckenroth'')</small> * [[Ohlenhard]] * [[Ohlweiler]] * [[Ohmbach]] * [[Ollmuth]] * [[Olmscheid]] * [[Olsbrücken]] * [[Olsdorf (Eiflia)|Olsdorf]] * [[Ölsen]] * [[Olzheim]] * [[Onsdorf]] * [[Oppertshausen]] * [[Orbis]] * [[Orenhofen]] * [[Orfgen]] * [[Orlenbach]] * [[Ormont]] * [[Orsfeld]] * [[Osann-Monzel]] * [[Osburg]] * [[Ossinga (Palatinatus)|Ossinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essingen'')</small> * [[Osterspai]] * [[Othinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etgert'')</small> * [[Otterbach (Westpfalz)|Otterbach]] * [[Ottersheim]] * [[Ottersheim bei Landau]] * [[Otterstadt]] * [[Ötzingen]] * [[Otzweiler]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis)|Palus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887">Forcellini, Aeg. (1864-1887). ''Totius latinitatis lexicon''. Prati: Typis Aldinianis. </ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis|Circulo terrae Cochemiensi et Cellensi]]<ref name="CTCEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Cochem-Zell'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latinis toponymis "[[Cochemium]]" et "Cella" -ad quae gentilicia "Cochemiensis-e" et "Cellensis-e" respective referuntur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Filz'')</small> * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Palus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935">Wampach, C. (1935). ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der altluxemburgischen Territorien bis zur burgundischen Zeit''. St. Paulus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruch'')</small> * [[Palus Montis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Palus Montis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallschlag'')</small> * [[Palzem]] * [[Pantenburg]] * [[Panzweiler]] * [[Partenheim]] * [[Paschel]] * [[Pascua Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenhördt'')</small> * [[Patersberg]] * [[Peffingen]] * [[Pellingen]] * [[Pelm]] * [[Pendens Wizivilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hangen-Weisheim'')</small> * [[Perscheid]] * [[Petersberg (Pfalz)|Petersberg]] * [[Peterslahr]] * [[Peterswald-Löffelscheid]] * [[Petra Darstonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darstein'')</small> * [[Petra Franconum (Palatinatus)|Petra Franconum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenstein'')</small> * [[Pfaffen-Schwabenheim]] * [[Pfalzfeld]] * [[Pfeffelbach]] * [[Philippsheim]] * [[Pickließem]] * [[Piesport]] * [[Pillig]] * [[Pintesfeld]] * [[Pinus et Tilia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fohren-Linden'')</small> * [[Piscis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Piscis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fisch'')</small> * [[Pittenbach]] * [[Plaidt]] * [[Planities (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Planities]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flacht'')</small> * [[Plascheid]] * [[Platten (bei Wittlich)|Platten]] * [[Pleckhausen]] * [[Plein]] * [[Pleisweiler-Oberhofen]] * [[Pleitersheim]] * [[Pleizenhausen]] * [[Plütscheid]] * [[Pluwig]] * [[Pohl (Nassau)|Pohl]] * [[Pölich]] * [[Pommern (Mosel)|Pommern]] * [[Pomster]] * [[Pons (Palatinatus)|Pons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons (prope Birconfeldam)|Pons]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons Alaphotis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ahrbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Epternacensis]]<ref name="Camillus 1889">Camillus, W. (1889). ''Annales Epternacenses. In Monumenta Germaniae Historica'' (SS 13). [[Hannovera]]e: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Echternacherbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Glanae]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glanbrücken'')</small> * [[Porta (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Porta]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohr'')</small> * [[Portus Chattorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenport'')</small> * [[Pottum]] * [[Pracht]] * [[Prath]] * [[Pratum Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Pratum Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Fagineum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geilnau'')</small> * [[Pratum Hanonis (Tergum Caninum)|Pratum Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häne'')</small> * [[Preischeid]] * [[Preist]] * [[Pronsfeld]] * [[Prümzurlay]] * [[Puderbach]] * [[Pünderich]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Queidersbach]] * [[Quercetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichen'')</small> * [[Quercirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichenbach'')</small> * [[Quiddelbach]] * [[Quirnbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Quirnbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] * [[Quirnheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Racksen]] * [[Ralingen]] * [[Ramberg (Pfalz)|Ramberg]] * [[Rammelsbach]] * [[Ramsen (Pfalz)|Ramsen]] * [[Ranschbach]] * [[Ransweiler]] * [[Rascheid]] * [[Rathskirchen]] * [[Rathsweiler]] * [[Ratzert]] * [[Raubach]] * [[Raumbach]] * [[Ravengiersburg]] * [[Raversbeuren]] * [[Rayerschied]] * [[Rech]] * [[Reckenroth]] * [[Reckershausen]] * [[Recurvum (Eiflia)|Recurvum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Regia Prata]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsau'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Eiflia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Rehbach (bei Sobernheim)|Rehbach]] * [[Rehborn]] * [[Rehe (Occidentalis Silva)|Rehe]] * [[Rehweiler]] * [[Reich (Tergum Caninum)|Reich]] * [[Reichenbach (bei Baumholder)|Reichenbach]] * [[Reichenbach-Steegen]] * [[Reichenberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Reichenberg]] * [[Reichsthal]] * [[Reichweiler]] * [[Reidenhausen]] * [[Reifenberg]] * [[Reiferscheid]] * [[Reiff]] * [[Reiffelbach]] * [[Reifferscheid]] * [[Reil]] * [[Reimerath]] * [[Reinsfeld]] * [[Reipeldingen]] * [[Reipoltskirchen]] * [[Reitzenhain (Taunus)|Reitzenhain]] * [[Relsberg]] * [[Rengsdorf]] * [[Retterath]] * [[Rettersen]] * [[Rettershain]] * [[Rettert]] * [[Reudelsterz]] * [[Reuth (Eiflia)|Reuth]] * [[Rhaunen]] * [[Rheinbreitbach]] * [[Rheinbrohl]] * [[Rheinzabern]] * [[Rhodt unter Rietburg]] * [[Riedelberg]] * [[Rieden (Eiflia)|Rieden]] * [[Riegenroth]] * [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] * [[Riesweiler]] * [[Rimsberg]] * [[Rinnthal]] * [[Rinzenberg]] * [[Riol]] * [[Rittersdorf (Eiflia)|Rittersdorf]] * [[Rittersheim]] * [[Rivenich]] * [[Riveris]] * [[Rivuletus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grumbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Becheri (Palatinatus)|Rivulus Becheri]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Bedonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bedesbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Cadenensis]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden der Deutschordenskommende Koblenz''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Kurfürstentums Trier''. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). Bestand 1A: Kurtrier, Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Westerwaldes''. Confluentibus: LHA Koblenz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kadenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Colli (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Colli]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Feronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fiersbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fluens]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flußbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Franconis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankelbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fraxineus (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Rivulus Fraxineus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fringillarum et Villare Gerhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Finkenbach-Gersweiler'')</small> * [[Rivulus Gackonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gackenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Glareosus]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kisselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kieselbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Hagani]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Indaginis (prope Deciam)|Rivulus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Freisbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Caesaream Lutram)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium et Novale Superius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach-Oberraden'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium prope Danam]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Rivulus Viridis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Altissimus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Amplus (Palatinatus)|Rivus Amplus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Atzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etzbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Becheri prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Rivus Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birlenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bisonis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bottonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bottenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Rhenus]]" et "[[Tergum Caninum]]", vide {{Graesse}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Hunsrück'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Hunsrück'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Hunsrück'' et Рейн-Хунсрюк.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Burebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis".</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bundebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Caeruleus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blaubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Calidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Calidus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Callbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Columbae]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Columbae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Haaselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dammarum (prope Bircofeldam)|Rivus Dammarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dambach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dedonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dedenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (ad Tabernas Montanas)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> (ad [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>) <small>(Theodisce ''Dierbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Circulus terrae Neowidensis)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Neowidensis|Circulo terrae Neowidensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Neowidensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neuwied'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Neowidensis-e" Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuwied'' vertit. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Persoenlichkeiten/maximilian-alexander-philipp-prinz-zu-wied-neuwied-/DE-2086/lido/57c92ef68392a6.35258846 ], ubi dicitur "(...) Sein Ma­nu­skript „Fau­na Neo­wi­den­sis“, 1847 voll­endet, ist die ers­te Re­gio­nal­fau­na für den Mit­tel­rhein. Die Ver­öf­fent­li­chung ein­zel­ner Er­kennt­nis­se über­ließ er je­doch an­de­ren, vor al­lem dem Neu­wie­der Apo­the­ker Franz Pe­ter Brahts (...)". Quo de Latino toponymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z'']</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Palatinatus)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dictilonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dichtelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dieschdelbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Domus (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deuselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Eridonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erdesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fundi]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fuscus (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Fuscus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Heisteri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heistenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hänsebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Hirundinis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Burgschwalbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lini]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913">Förstemann, E. (1913). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, III ed.). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harschbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Longus in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglangenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Novalis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Oneris]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bürdenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Pirorum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birnbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus (prope Vitelliacum)|Rivus Profundus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Purgans (Eiflia)|Rivus Purgans]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Saepti Vivi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Eiflia Australis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Eiflia Australi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Terra Bedensis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Terra Bedensi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Siccus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Siccus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrenbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Derrebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoolsbach'' seu ''Buubert'')</small> * [[Rivus Spissus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Ursorum (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Rockeskyll]] * [[Rodder]] * [[Rödelhausen]] * [[Rodenbach (Westpfalz)|Rodenbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rodenbach bei Puderbach]] * [[Rödern (Tergum Caninum)|Rödern]] * [[Rodershausen]] * [[Rödersheim-Gronau]] * [[Roes]] * [[Röhl]] * [[Rohrbach (bei Baumholder)|Rohrbach]] <small>(bei Baumholder)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Tergum Caninum)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Pfalz)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Römerberg (Pfalz)|Römerberg]] * [[Rommersheim]] * [[Rorodt]] * [[Roschbach]] * [[Roscheid]] * [[Rosenheim (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Rosenheim]] * [[Rosenkopf]] * [[Roßbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Roßbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Roßbach (Wied)|Roßbach]] <small>(Wied)</small> * [[Rota Barwardi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barbelroth'')</small> * [[Rotenhain]] * [[Roth (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Roth]] <small>(Landkreis Altenkirchen)</small> * [[Roth (bei Stromberg)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Roth an der Our]] * [[Roth bei Prüm]] * [[Rothenbach]] * [[Rothselberg]] * [[Rötsweiler-Nockenthal]] * [[Rott (Occidentalis Silva)|Rott]] * [[Roxheim]] * [[Rüber]] * [[Rückeroth]] * [[Rückweiler]] * [[Rüdesheim (Nahe)|Rüdesheim]] * [[Rülzheim]] * [[Rumbach]] * [[Rümmelsheim]] * [[Rupes Abietum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannenfels'')</small> * [[Ruppach-Goldhausen]] * [[Ruppertsecken]] * [[Ruppertsberg]] * [[Ruppertshofen (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Ruppertshofen]] * [[Ruppertsweiler]] * [[Ruschberg]] * [[Rüscheid]] * [[Rüssingen]] * [[Ruthweiler]] * [[Rutsweiler am Glan]] * [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Saalstadt]] * [[Saeptum Vivum (Tergum Caninum)|Saeptum Vivum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hecken'')</small> * [[Saffig]] * [[Salm (Eiflia)|Salm]] * [[Salmtal]] * [[Saltus Cameralis]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau, 27). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kammerforst'')</small> * [[Saltus Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herforst'')</small> * [[Salz (Occidentalis Silva)|Salz]] * [[Salzburg (Occidentalis Silva)|Salzburg]] * [[Sambucetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Sambucetum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holler'')</small> * [[Sankt Alban (Pfalz)|Sankt Alban]] * [[Sankt Aldegund]] * [[Sankt Johann (prope Magniacum)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Johann (Hassia Rhenana)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Julian]] * [[Sankt Katharinen (prope Cruciniacum)|Sankt Katharinen]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Katharinen (Landkreis Neuwied)]] * [[Sankt Martin (Pfalz)|Sankt Martin]] * [[Sankt Sebastian (am Rhein)|Sankt Sebastian]] * [[Sankt Thomas (Eiflia)|Sankt Thomas]] * [[Sargenroth]] * [[Sarmersbach]] * [[Sassen (Eiflia)|Sassen]] * [[Sauerthal]] * [[Saulheim]] * [[Saxler]] * [[Saxum Balduini]]<ref name="Böhmer 1839">Böhmer, J. F. (1839). ''Regesta chronologico-diplomatica metropolitae Moguntinae: inde a primo archiepiscopo usque ad seculi decimi sexti finem''. F. Varrentrapp.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balduinstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Hattonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattgenstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hadsche'')</small> * [[Saxum Mallei (ad Rhenum)|Saxum Mallei]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hammerstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Saxum Martini]]<ref name="Traxl 1779">Traxl, S. (1779). ''Liber Mortuorum Parochiae Martinsteinensis: Acta et decreta''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Madinstän'')</small> * [[Saxum Scissum (Palatinatus)|Saxum Scissum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hääschde'')</small> * [[Saxum Ulmeum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elmstein'')</small> * [[Schalkenbach]] * [[Schalkenmehren]] * [[Schallodenbach]] * [[Schankweiler]] * [[Scharfbillig]] * [[Schauerberg]] * [[Schauren (bei Blankenrath)|Schauren]] <small>(bei Blankenrath)</small> * [[Schauren (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Schauren]] <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> * [[Scheibenhardt]] * [[Scheid (Eiflia)|Scheid]] * [[Scheidt (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Scheidt]] * [[Scheitenkorb]] * [[Schellweiler]] * [[Schenkelberg]] * [[Scheuerfeld]] * [[Scheuern]] * [[Schiersfeld]] * [[Schiesheim]] * [[Schillingen]] * [[Schindhard]] * [[Schladt]] * [[Schleich]] * [[Schleid (prope Bedense Castrum)|Schleid]] * [[Schlierschied]] * [[Schloßböckelheim]] * [[Schmalenberg]] * [[Schmidthachenbach]] * [[Schmißberg]] * [[Schmitshausen]] * [[Schmitt (Eiflia)|Schmitt]] * [[Schmittweiler]] * [[Schneckenhausen]] * [[Schneppenbach]] * [[Schnorbach]] * [[Schoden]] * [[Schömerich]] * [[Schönau (Pfalz)]] * [[Schönbach (Eiflia)|Schönbach]] * [[Schönberg (bei Thalfang)|Schönberg]] * [[Schönborn (Tergum Caninum)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Pfalz)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Schöndorf (an der Ruwer)|Schöndorf]] * [[Schöneberg (Tergum Caninum)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schöneberg (Occidentalis Silva)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Schönecken]] * [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] * [[Schopp]] * [[Schornsheim]] * [[Schuld (Ahr)|Schuld]] * [[Schüller]] * [[Schürdt]] * [[Schutz (Eiflia)|Schutz]] * [[Schutzbach]] * [[Schwabenheim an der Selz]] * [[Schwall (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Schwall]] * [[Schwanheim (Pfalz)|Schwanheim]] * [[Schwarzen]] * [[Schwarzenborn (Eiflia)|Schwarzenborn]] * [[Schwarzerden]] * [[Schwedelbach]] * [[Schwegenheim]] * [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]] * [[Schweighausen]] * [[Schweighofen]] * [[Schweinschied]] * [[Schweisweiler]] * [[Schweix]] * [[Schweppenhausen]] * [[Schwerbach]] * [[Schwirzheim]] * [[Schwollen]] * [[Seck]] * [[Seelbach (Nassau)|Seelbach]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Seelbach bei Hamm (Sieg)]] * [[Seelbach (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Seelen]] * [[Seesbach]] * [[Seffern]] * [[Sefferweich]] * [[Sehlem (Eiflia)|Sehlem]] * [[Seibersbach]] * [[Seifen (Occidentalis Silva)|Seifen]] * [[Seinsfeld]] * [[Seiwerath]] * [[Selbach (Sieg)]] * [[Selchenbach]] * [[Sellerich]] * [[Selzen]] * [[Sembach]] * [[Sengerich]] * [[Senheim]] * [[Senscheid]] * [[Sensweiler]] * [[Serrig]] * [[Sessenbach]] * [[Sessenhausen]] * [[Sevenig bei Neuerburg]] * [[Sevenig (Our)]] * [[Sicca Muschella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrmoschel'')</small> * [[Siebeldingen]] * [[Siebenbach]] * [[Siefersheim]] * [[Sien]] * [[Sienhachenbach]] * [[Sierscheid]] * [[Siershahn]] * [[Siesbach]] * [[Silva ad Paludem]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Forstmehren'')</small> * [[Silva Ardua (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Ardua]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardt''; dialectaliter ''Hoord'')</small> * [[Silva Ecclesiae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silva Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Fagina (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Fagina]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchholz'')</small> * [[Silva Pacis (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Pacis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedewald'')</small> * [[Silva Separata]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Griebelschied'')</small> * [[Silvae Domus (Ardaha)|Silvae Domus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzheim'')</small> * [[Silvae Novale (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silvae Novale]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Holzröth'')</small> * [[Silz (Pfalz)|Silz]] * [[Simmern (Occidentalis Silva)|Simmern]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Singhofen]] * [[Sinspelt]] * [[Sippersfeld]] * [[Sitters]] * [[Sohren]] * [[Sohrschied]] * [[Solitudo Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheinöd'')</small> * [[Sommerau (an der Ruwer)|Sommerau]] * [[Sommerloch (prope Cruciniacum)|Sommerloch]] * [[Sonnenberg-Winnenberg]] * [[Sonnschied]] * [[Sörgenloch]] * [[Sörth]] * [[Sosberg]] * [[Spabrücken]] * [[Spall]] * [[Spangdahlem]] * [[Spanhemium]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgsponheim'')</small> * [[Spay]] * [[Specula (Palatinatus)|Specula]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lug'')</small> * [[Spesenroth]] * [[Spessart (Brohltal)|Spessart]] * [[Spiesheim]] * [[Spinifex Mons]] <small>(Theodisce ''Dörnberg'')</small> * [[Spinifex Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorn-Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Spinosi Nemoris Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dornholzhausen'')</small> * [[Spirkelbach]] * [[Sponheim]] * [[Sprendlingen]] * [[Stadecken-Elsheim]] * [[Stadtkyll]] * [[Stahlberg]] * [[Stahlhofen (Occidentalis Silva)|Stahlhofen]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Stahlhofen am Wiesensee]] * [[Standenbühl]] * [[Starkenburg (Mosel)|Starkenburg]] * [[Statio Danonis-Domus Scauerni]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannstadt-Schauernheim'')</small> * [[Staudernheim]] * [[Staudt]] * [[Stebach]] * [[Steffeln]] * [[Steimel]] * [[Steinalben]] * [[Steinbach (Tergum Caninum)|Steinbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Steinbach am Donnersberg]] * [[Steinbach am Glan]] * [[Stein-Bockenheim]] * [[Steinborn]] * [[Steinebach an der Wied]] * [[Steinebach/Sieg]] * [[Steineberg]] * [[Steinefrenz]] * [[Steinen (Occidentalis Silva)|Steinen]] * [[Steineroth]] * [[Steinfeld (Pfalz)|Steinfeld]] * [[Steinhusium Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Steiningen]] * [[Stein-Neukirch]] * [[Steinsberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Steinsberg]] * [[Steinweiler]] * [[Steinwenden]] * [[Stein-Wingert]] * [[Stelzenberg]] * [[Stetten (Pfalz)|Stetten]] * [[Stipshausen]] * [[Stockem (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Stockem]] * [[Stockhausen-Illfurth]] * [[Stockum-Püschen]] * [[Straßenhaus]] * [[Streithausen]] * [[Strickscheid]] * [[Strohn]] * [[Strotzbüsch]] * [[Strüth]] * [[Stürzelbach]] * [[Sulcia Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohen-Sülzen'')</small> * [[Sülm]] * [[Sulzbach (Tergum Caninum)|Sulzbach]] <small>(bei Idar-Oberstein)</small> * [[Sulzbach (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Sulzbach]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Sulzbacum ad Glanum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herren-Sulzbach'')</small> * [[Sulzheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Sulzheim]] * [[Superior Ranarum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhfröschen'')</small> * [[Superior Rivus Argillosus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenleimbach'')</small> * [[Superior Spira]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochspeyer'')</small> * [[Symera]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmertal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Siemerdaal'')</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Taben-Rodt]] * [[Taberna (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Taberna]]<ref name="Lewis & Short 1879">Lewis, C. T., & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin Dictionary''. [[Oxonia]]e: Clarendon Press.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kraam'')</small> * [[Talling]] * [[Tawern]] * [[Tellig]] * [[Temmels]] * [[Teschenmoschel]] * [[Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] * [[Thalfang]] * [[Thalhausen]] * [[Thallichtenberg]] * [[Theisbergstegen]] * [[Theodericenovale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörth'')</small> * [[Theoderici Separatio]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Quellen zunächst des Mosellandes'' (Vol. 1). Alphons Dürr.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericicella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsel'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa |Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Magniacensis-e" et "Confluentensis-e" ad urbes [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]] et [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]] referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ditscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidomium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dintesheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus et Coryletum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittelsheim-Heßloch'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Drase'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa|Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa]]" et "[[Vitelliacum]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis'')</small> * [[Theodericifons et Pons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis-Brück'')</small> * [[Theodericifusum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dünfus''; dialectaliter Duenfusensice<ref name="Duenfusensice">Adverbium in gentilicio "Duenfusensis-e" fundatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> ''Dimmes'')</small> * [[Theodericinga]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dietrichingen'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Kreuznach'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cruciniacum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cruciniacensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrebach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae" -Theodisce ''Vulkaneifel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum toponymum "[[Eifla]]" Theodiscum lexema ''-eifel'' et Latinum adiectivum "[[Mons ignifer|vulcanicus-a-um]]" Theodiscum praefixum ''Vulkan-'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Duppach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisbach''; dialectaliter ''Draasbich'')</small> * [[Theodericisedes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Donsieders''; [[Palatanice]] ''Dunsiters'')</small> * [[Theodericistreia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dirmstein'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Theodericivilla]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörsdorf'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Theodericivilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dillendorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dilledoref'')</small> * [[Theodericocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Döttesfeld'')</small> * [[Theodericohardus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diethardt'')</small> * [[Theodericorivus (Palatinatus)|Theodericorivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Theodericovilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittweiler'')</small> * [[Thomae et Lamberti Villa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohm-Lammersdorf'')</small> * [[Thomm]] * [[Thörlingen]] * [[Thörnich]] * [[Thulinkircha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dielkirchen'')</small> * [[Thür]] * [[Tiefenbach (Tergum Caninum)|Tiefenbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Pfalz)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Hassia Rhenana)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Todenroth]] * [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kreimbach-Kaulbach'')</small> * [[Torrens Ursorum (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Torrens Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Traisen (Nahe)|Traisen]] * [[Trassem]] * [[Trechtingshausen]] * [[Treis-Karden]] * [[Tricampia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce 'Dreifelden''')</small> * [[Tricclesiae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreikirchen'')</small> * [[Trierscheid]] * [[Trierweiler]] * [[Trimbs]] * [[Trimport]] * [[Trippstadt]] * [[Trittenheim]] * [[Troneccum]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dhronecken'')</small> * [[Trulben]] {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Übereisenbach]] * [[Udenheim]] * [[Üdersdorf]] * [[Udilonis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989">Pokorny, J. (1959). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag; et: Pokorny, J. (1989). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eitelborn'')</small> * [[Udler]] * [[Uelversheim]] * [[Uersfeld]] * [[Ueß]] * [[Uhler]] * [[Ulmet]] * [[Uminis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eimsheim'')</small> * [[Undenheim]] * [[Uniclivium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einöllen'')</small> * [[Unicum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Unicum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einig'')</small> * [[Unkenbach]] * [[Unnau]] * [[Unterjeckenbach]] * [[Untershausen]] * [[Unzenberg]] * [[Uppershausen]] * [[Urbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Urbach]] * [[Urbar (bei Koblenz)|Urbar]] <small>(bei Koblenz)</small> * [[Urbar (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Urbar]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Urmersbach]] * [[Urmitz]] * [[Urschmitt]] * [[Ürzig]] * [[Usch (Eiflia)|Usch]] * [[Uterina Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eußerthal'')</small> * [[Utscheid]] * [[Üttfeld]] * [[Utzenhain]] * [[Utzerath]] * [[Üxheim]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vadum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vadum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürthen'')</small> * [[Vallemeroda]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fell''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Faähl'')</small> * [[Vallis Ampla (Tergum Caninum)|Vallis Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bränel'' seu ''Brään'l'')</small> * [[Vallis Bodonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Hassia Rhenana)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Guldeni]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guldental'')</small> * [[Vallis Henschi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henschtal'')</small> * [[Vallis Picta]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pontis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücktal'')</small> * [[Vallis Servitutis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienethal'')</small> * [[Valwig]] * [[Veitsrodt]] * [[Veldenz]] * [[Vendersheim]] * [[Venningen]] * [[Vettelschoß]] * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Vetus Lininga]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altleiningen'')</small> * [[Vicus Beronis (Eiflia)|Vicus Beronis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Bicilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bickelheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Episcopi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vicus Episcopi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bischofsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flamingorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flemlingen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flaronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fleringen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flonheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flori et Dagolfi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flörsheim-Dalsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Franzenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridinis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedelsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Frlsm'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frettenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Albam)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad Albam<ref name="BÄr 1891"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Saletionem)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletionem]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Framersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (Palatinatus)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frisonis (Hassia Rhenana)|Vicus Frisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gawirici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gauersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gaaschem'')</small> * [[Vicus Geisboti]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gabsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gundonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fußgönheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Hepponis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Heppenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberi Liubheris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frei-Laubersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Vicus Liberorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freilingen''; dialectaliter ''Frälinge'')</small> * [[Vicus Otarii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Odernheim'')</small> * [[Vicus prope Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malbergweich'')</small> * [[Vicus Raconis Liber]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freirachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Fraerachdorw'')</small> * [[Vicus Waganis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Weinheim'')</small> * [[Vielbach]] * [[Vierherrenborn]] * [[Villa Ampla (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Baltrammi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bassonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bassenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Beconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bellonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bellem'')</small> * [[Villa Bermari]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim vor der Höhe'')</small> * [[Villa Bertolfi]]<ref name="Roth, Stolper & von Bechtolsheim 2007">Roth, M. T., Stolper, M. W., & von Bechtolsheim, P. (2007). ''Studies presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2000''. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtolsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bettonis (Taunus)|Villa Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bibilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bickonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bieri]]<ref name="Kyll 1988">Kyll, T. (1988). ''Biersdorf - Eine kleine Chronik: Dorfgeschichte von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart''. Villae Bieri.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biersdorf am See'')</small> * [[Villa Bilca]]<ref name="Vogel 1843">Vogel, C. D. (1843). ''Beschreibung des Herzogthums Nassau''. [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Beyerle.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bilkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Billingi et Ingeni]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867">Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz''. [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]]: Tascher: et; Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der vormaligen Pfalz''. Verlag der J. J. Tascher'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Billigheim-Ingenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bizzirichi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bissersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bobonis (Palatinatus)|Villa Bobonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böbingen'')</small> * [[Villa Bocconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenheim an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bockrem'')</small> * [[Villa Bodonis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976">Kaufmann, H. (1976). ''Rheinhessische Ortsnamen''. Monaci: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bousonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bausendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Brachiti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brecht'')</small> * [[Villa Brachti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachtendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bubilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelnheim'')</small> * [[Villa Budonis (Eiflia)|Villa Budonis]]<ref name="Meiller 1866">Meiller, A. von. (1866). ''Regesta archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium: Regesten zur Geschichte der Mainzer Erzbischöfe''. [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner’sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biesdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Comitis in Trogona]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gräfendhron'')</small> * [[Villa Crassa]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Deghonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dexheim'')</small> * [[Villa Dinonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienheim'')</small> * [[Villa Ecclesiastica (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Ecclesiastica]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kördorf'')</small> * [[Villa Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßweiler'')</small> * [[Villa Feuzonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feusdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Filonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Lahn-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Rhenanus-a-um" et "Lauganensis-e" ad flumina [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] et [[Laugana]]m referuntur. De primo hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}; de secundo, vide {{Murray}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Lahn'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Lahn'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Lano'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Lahn'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Lahn'' et Рейн-Лан.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornich'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Hassia Rhenana)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana">Vide [https://dn790008.ca.archive.org/0/items/a608058900schuuoft/a608058900schuuoft.pdf ''Status dioecesium catholicarum in Austria germanica''], ubi dicitur "Hassia rhenana (ubi jus francogallicum valet)".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Palatinatus)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Furnorum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Föhren'')</small> * [[Villa Hamulonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hemmelzen'')</small> * [[Villa Heisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heisdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Helmani]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmenzen'')</small> * [[Villa Palustris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fensdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Solitaria (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Solitaria]]<ref name="Böhmer 1870">Böhmer, J. F. (1870). ''Regesta Archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium''. Wagner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Einselthum''; [[Palatinice]] ''Oinseldumm'')</small> * [[Villa Vallis (prope Bedense Castrum)|Villa Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Eiflia)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Silva Alta)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in Silva Alta<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare Battonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Battweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bavonis (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Villare Bavonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis" -Theodisce ''Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Eiflensis-e" et "Bedensis-e" et "Prumiensis-e" ad [[Eifla]]m et "Bedense castrum" et "[[Prumia (monasterium)|Prumiam]]" referuntur. Omnibus de his toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Villare Belgicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belgweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellischwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Benzonis]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Benzweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bensad'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Bemondulam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Stadt Baumholder"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Baumholder'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Kirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berschwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bruningis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breunigweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Brunonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Cerasorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dannonis-Rivus Dominicus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dennweiler-Frohnbach'')</small> * [[Villare Dassonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daxweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dintzonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienstweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimweiler'')</small> * [[Villare ad Ecclesiam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Ericae]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Fartonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900">Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen''. [[Bonna]]e: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae, in Germania: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2). Nordhausen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Farschweiler''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Foaschweila'')</small> * [[Villare Fersconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ferschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gälwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Geronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehrweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Grawonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gaugrehweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Grehwiller'')</small> * [[Villare Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hennweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Herichi]]<ref> regionalgeschichte.net. (s.f.). ''Geschichte von Herchweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Husonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausweiler'')</small> * [[Villare in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Kylburgense]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburgweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Paludosum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bruchwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Ursi]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärweiler'')</small> * [[Vinningen]] * [[Virneburg]] * [[Völkersweiler]] * [[Volkerzen]] * [[Volkesfeld]] * [[Vollmersbach]] * [[Vollmersweiler]] * [[Volxheim]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Wachenheim (Pfrimm)|Wachenheim]] * [[Wagenhausen (Eiflia)|Wagenhausen]] * [[Wahlbach (Tergum Caninum)|Wahlbach]] * [[Wahlenau]] * [[Wahlheim]] * [[Wahlrod]] * [[Wahnwegen]] * [[Waigandshain]] * [[Waldalgesheim]] * [[Waldböckelheim]] (Theodisce ''Waldböckelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggelum'') * [[Waldbreitbach]] * [[Waldesch]] * [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] * [[Waldgrehweiler]] * [[Waldhambach (Pfalz)|Waldhambach]] * [[Waldhof-Falkenstein]] * [[Waldlaubersheim]] * [[Waldleiningen]] * [[Waldmühlen]] * [[Waldorf (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Waldorf]] * [[Waldrach]] * [[Waldrohrbach]] * [[Waldsee (Pfalz)|Waldsee]] * [[Waldweiler]] * [[Walhausen]] * [[Wallenborn]] * [[Wallendorf (Eiflia)|Wallendorf]] * [[Wallersheim (Eiflia)|Wallersheim]] * [[Wallertheim]] * [[Wallhalben]] * [[Wallhausen (prope Cruciniacum)|Wallhausen]] * [[Wallmenroth]] * [[Wallscheid]] * [[Walsdorf (Eiflia)|Walsdorf]] * [[Walshausen]] * [[Walsheim]] * [[Walterschen]] * [[Warmsroth]] * [[Wartenberg-Rohrbach]] * [[Wasenbach]] * [[Wassenach]] * [[Wasserliesch]] * [[Wattenheim]] * [[Watzerath]] * [[Wawern (Eiflia)|Wawern]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Wawern (Saar)|Wawern]] <small>(Saar)</small> * [[Waxweiler]] * [[Wehr (Eiflia)|Wehr]] * [[Weibern (Eiflia)|Weibern]] * [[Weiden (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Weiden]] * [[Weidenbach (Eiflia)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weidenbach (Taunus)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Weidenhahn]] * [[Weidenthal]] * [[Weidingen]] * [[Weiler (prope Magniacum)|Weiler]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weiler (bei Ulmen)|Weiler]] <small>(bei Ulmen)</small> * [[Weiler bei Bingen]] * [[Weiler bei Monzingen]] * [[Weilerbach]] * [[Weinähr]] * [[Weingarten (Pfalz)]] * [[Weinolsheim]] * [[Weinsheim (prope Cruciniacum)|Weinsheim]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weinsheim (Eiflia)|Weinsheim]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weisel (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weisel]] * [[Weisenheim am Berg]] * [[Weisenheim am Sand]] * [[Weitefeld]] * [[Weitersbach]] * [[Weitersborn]] * [[Weitersburg]] * [[Weitersweiler]] * [[Welcherath]] * [[Welchweiler]] * [[Welgesheim]] * [[Welkenbach]] * [[Wellen (Mosel)|Wellen]] * [[Welling]] * [[Welschbillig]] * [[Welschenbach]] * [[Welschneudorf]] * [[Welterod]] * [[Weltersburg]] * [[Wendelsheim]] * [[Werkhausen]] * [[Wernersberg]] * [[Weroth]] * [[Wershofen]] * [[Weselberg]] * [[Westernohe]] * [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Westhofen]] * [[Wettlingen]] * [[Weyer (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weyer]] * [[Weyerbusch]] * [[Weyher in der Pfalz]] * [[Wickenrodt]] * [[Wiebelsheim]] * [[Wied (bei Hachenburg)|Wied]] * [[Wierschem]] * [[Wiersdorf (Eiflia)|Wiersdorf]] * [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)|Wiesbach]] * [[Wiesbaum]] * [[Wiesemscheid]] * [[Wiesweiler]] * [[Wilgartswiesen]] * [[Willingen (Occidentalis Silva)|Willingen]] * [[Willmenrod]] * [[Willroth]] * [[Willwerscheid]] * [[Wilsecker]] * [[Wiltingen]] * [[Wilzenberg-Hußweiler]] * [[Wimbach]] * [[Wincheringen]] * [[Winden (Nassau)|Winden]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Windesheim]] * [[Windhagen]] * [[Winkel (Eiflia)]] * [[Winkelbach]] * [[Winnen]] * [[Winnerath]] * [[Winningen]] * [[Winnweiler]] * [[Winringen]] * [[Winterbach (Pfalz)]] * [[Winterbach (Soonwald)|Winterbach]] <small>(Soonwald)</small> * [[Winterborn (Pfalz)|Winterborn]] * [[Winterburg]] * [[Winternheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klein-Winternheim'')</small> * [[Winterscheid]] * [[Wintersheim]] * [[Winterspelt]] * [[Winterwerb]] * [[Wintrich]] * [[Wirft]] * [[Wirfus]] * [[Wirscheid]] * [[Wirschweiler]] * [[Wißmannsdorf]] * [[Wittgert]] * [[Woldert]] * [[Wölferlingen]] * [[Wolfsheim (Gemeinde)|Wolfsheim]] * [[Wolken (bei Koblenz)|Wolken]] * [[Wollmerath]] * [[Wöllstein]] * [[Wölmersen]] * [[Wolsfeld]] * [[Womrath]] * [[Wonsheim]] * [[Woppenroth]] * [[Würrich]] * [[Würzweiler]] * [[Wüschheim (Tergum Caninum)|Wüschheim]] * [[Wydentale]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Hinterweidenthal''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweidenthal'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zehnhausen bei Rennerod]] * [[Zehnhausen bei Wallmerod]] * [[Zeiskam]] * [[Zellertal]] * [[Zeltingen-Rachtig]] * [[Zemmer]] * [[Zendscheid]] * [[Zerf]] * [[Zettingen]] * [[Ziegenhain (Occidentalis Silva)|Ziegenhain]] * [[Zilshausen]] * [[Zimmerschied]] * [[Zornheim]] * [[Zotzenheim]] * [[Züsch]] * [[Zweifelscheid]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria: Urbes Rhenaniae-Palatinatus]] 10fjn5bq74ztwc9va2hppqa3sj4me2j 0 324919 3959169 3959044 2026-05-11T16:15:56Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Summarium */ 3959169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} '''''The Green Years''''' ('''Latine''' ''Virides anni'') est [[mythistoria]] anno [[1944]] ab [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldo Iosepho Cronin]] [[scriptor]]e [[Scotti|Scotico]] publicata, quae plurimos lectores habuit et in multas [[lingua]]s versa est. [[Pellicula]] Americana eiusdem nominis [[Victor Saville|Victoris Saville]] anno 1946 e mythistoria ducta est,<ref>[https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/99351-the-green-years TMDB]. [https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0038578/?language=fr-fr IMDb]</ref> et Archibaldus Cronin ipse ei continuationem composuit: ''Shannon's way'' (1948). Suae [[pueritia]]e experimentis fretus [[auctor]] iuventutem Roberti Shannon [[Orbus|orphani]] narrat, imprimis quomodo [[somnium|somnia]] et vanae imagines in pueri ac postea adulescentis animo nascentes cum dura rerum veritate confligant. Etenim omnium iudicio Robertus Shannon cogitationibus suis pertinaciter haerebat et longe a rebus veris aberrabat. Quocirca hanc mythistoriam in [[Genus litterarum|genere]] ''[[Bildungsroman|Bildungsromane]]'' ponere licet. == Summarium == Eventa in mythistoria narrata vicesimo saeculo ineunte geruntur usque ad annum [[1912]]. Robertus Shannon postquam ambos parentes e [[Phthisis|phtisi]] amisit, octavum tantum annum agens, ex [[Hibernia]] ubi vivebat Levenford (urbem commenticiam) in [[Scotia|Scotiam]] apud [[avia|aviam]] maternam advenit, qua in familia nunc vitam aget. Illa avia quam matrem appellat domesticis laboribus dedita familiae vitam dulciorem reddere omni modo conatur sed 'pater Leckie', eius maritus, sordida avaritia adfectus eos paene omnibus vitae dulcedinibus privat. In domo vivunt etiam eorum filia Kate (Roberti matertera) ludi magistra - tristis et aditu aspero solet esse quia non formosa puella est, in secunda parte mythistoriae postquam sponsum invenit atque puerum peperit mitior fit - et eorum filius Murdoch (Roberti avunculus) qui hortorum culturam et flores ante omnia amat sed a patre cogitur certamina parare quae aditum in administrationem permittunt; quocirca libros invitus semper legit. Eorum frater Adamus quo parentes maxime gloriantur quia rem bene gessisse atque pecuniam habere videtur non iam cum eis habitat atque satis raro eos visitat; revera tamen homo parum scrupulosus et divitiarum cupidine captus patri persuadet ut rem familiarem in dubiis negotiis collocet. Sed personae primum locum in pueri educatione tenentes fuerunt proavus et proavia quibuscum primo anno etiam dormivit antequam proprium cubiculum acciperet. Alexander Gow, pater matris Leckie, vitam dissolutam egit ac nunc sine reditu e genero pendet quocum ita dissentit ut semper in cubiculo suo cenet nec umquam tabulae communi adsideat dum ille adest. Res gloriosas sed mendaces de se puero narravit atque etiam poma furari eum didicit. Alia vitia quoque praebebat inprimis [[alcohol]] et feminas. Sed in adversis rebus Roberto semper solacio et auxilio fuit qui et ipse eum usque ad mortem numquam deseruit. Proavia, mater 'patris Leckie', econtra moribus austeris et [[Reformatio|religionis Evangelicae]] studiosissima erat. Praeterea reditum annuum ob mariti fatalem casum vidua accipiebat et locationem cubiculi filio pendebat. Itaque ut primum advenit (nam partem tantum anni apud filium morabatur) auctoritatem proavi apud Robertum impugnare instituit atque ei veritatem de eo detexit. In schola res primum difficiles Roberto fuerunt quia solus [[Catholicismus|catholicus]] inter reformatos erat et insuper habitum viridem satis ridiculum gerebat quem ei consuerat avia. A condiscipulis male mulcebatur. Mox tamen amicitia maioris filii Gavin Blair quem admirabatur et omnes respiciebant rem in melius vertit. Cum Gavin Robertus [[Piscatus|piscatum]] ibat et naturalium studio delectabatur. Adulescens factus [[Religio Catholica|religioni catholicae]] usque ad [[Mortificatio|mortificationem]] sensuum deditus est. Simul discipulus optimus erat qui [[biologia]] imprimis delectabatur. Ad [[Universitas|universitatem]] Winton igitur transire cupiebat medicinae discendae causa sed pater Leckie pecuniam ad hoc impendere nolebat et eum potius in proximam [[Fabrica (officina)|fabricam]] ad [[Mechanica|mechanicum]] artificium discendum mittere decreverat ita ut pecuniam domum referret quae hospitium compensaret. Quod fatum ut effugeret Robertus ab avo et professore Iasone Reid stimulatus summa contentione studuit ad praemium Marshall impetrandum quod optimo candidato [[stipendium scholasticum]] conferebat. Probationes ceteras optime absolvit sed ante ultimam in gravem morbum incidit ([[Diphtheria|diphtheriam]]) nec certare potuit. Nihilominus secundus evasit paucis punctis tantum a primo superatus ita ut liqueret certamen victurum fuisse nisi aeger fuisset. Circa idem tempus amicus quem inter omnes diligebat, Gavin Blair, [[Tramen|tramine]] percussus obiit. Tum adversus religionem rebellare coepit eo magis quo [[Liber Genesis|Genesis]] cum scientia moderna non congruere ei videbatur. Itaque cum [[canonicus]] Roche ei studia in [[Seminarium|seminario]] episcopali ad ecclesiasticam vitam amplectendam obtulit recusavit atque in fabrica laborare maluit. Puellae, Allison Keith nomine, amore flagrabat sed timidior fuit quam ut rem peragere posset: Allison matrem secuta quae Iasoni Reid nupsit [[Londinium]] abiit. Ita omnia quae sibi optaverat misere perisse videbantur cum proavus mortuus est quem diligebat et paene solus (mater Leckie iam obierat) ploravit. Nam eius [[testamentum]] velut [[deus ex machina]] fatum Roberti e toto mutavit. Qui certe pecuniam non habebat sed pater Leckie ab Adamo persuasus, qui [[assecuratio|assecurationum]] societatis particeps erat, assecurationis [[Contractus|contractum]] super Alexandri Gow vita subscripserat atque pluries postea pecuniam addiderat beneficiarium fore sperans. At ille ipso die quo Robertus in certamine Marshall offendit una cum [[Notarius|notario]] hoc consilium approbante beneficiarium (hoc est filiam) mutaverat et Robertum designarat. Simul notarius McKellar [[tutor]] Roberti nominabatur in administratione nummorum qui ad studia medicinae persolvenda destinabantur. Ita finis laetus opus satis tragicum coronat. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 == Nexus externi == *[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.460925/page/n1/mode/2up Textus apud archive.org] [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1944]] 1req844q0oo9jxsepbmkp9mljchgz0w 0 324936 3959129 3959082 2026-05-11T12:19:18Z IacobusAmor 1163 Augenda 3959129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2026|5}} {{Vicificanda}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} Narmer fuit [[pharao]] [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegypti]] qui circiter anno 3100 a.C.n per [[aevum protodynasticum]] regnavit fuit successor aut pharaonis [[Ka]] aut pharaonis [[Scorpii II]]. Creditur eum Aegyptum uniisse et conditorem domus primae fuisse et ergo etiam primum pharaonem Aegypti unitae.{{dubcat}} au8ep05u3di9nx5mirs2wxv5jll9e0l 3959162 3959129 2026-05-11T15:40:20Z Nando2061 204633 3959162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2026|5}} {{Vicificanda}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} Narmer fuit [[pharao]] [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegypti]] qui circiter anno 3100 a.C.n per [[aevum protodynasticum]] regnavit<ref name="AID">Archaeology's InteractiveDig. [https://interactive.archaeology.org/hierakonpolis/temple.html].</ref> fuit successor aut pharaonis [[Ka]] aut pharaonis [[Scorpii II]]. Creditur eum Aegyptum uniisse et conditorem domus primae fuisse et ergo etiam primum pharaonem Aegypti unitae.<ref name="AEO">Ancient Egypt Online. [https://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/ancient-egypt-first-pharaoh.html].</ref>{{dubcat}} ==Bibliographia== 1jlz2h6iuci1wmntjgxu1x0pcvj5vax 0 324941 3959160 2026-05-11T15:37:08Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 Bis-Taurinus movit paginam [[Monasterium San-Blasianum]] ad [[Monasterium Sancti Blasii]]: Titulus usatius et melioris Latini est. 3959160 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Monasterium Sancti Blasii]] 2plho53nrv490t3iawz1yopc0mlmbr6