Vicipaedia lawiki https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Media Specialis Disputatio Usor Disputatio Usoris Vicipaedia Disputatio Vicipaediae Fasciculus Disputatio Fasciculi MediaWiki Disputatio MediaWiki Formula Disputatio Formulae Auxilium Disputatio Auxilii Categoria Disputatio Categoriae Porta Disputatio Portae Adumbratio Disputatio Adumbrationis TimedText TimedText talk Modulus Disputatio Moduli Event Event talk 0 4627 3966992 3944748 2026-06-27T10:04:15Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Diana principissa Walliae}} sive {{res|Diana Francisca Spencer}} (nata in Sandringham die [[1 Iulii]] [[1961]]; [[Temeritas|sinistro]] [[autocinetum|autocineti]] casu mortua die [[31 Augusti]] [[1997]], [[Lutetia]]e) uxor pristina [[Carolus III (rex Britanniarum)|Caroli]] Principis [[Cambria]]e erat. Duos peperit filios: [[Gulielmus (princeps Walliae)|Gulielmum]] et [[Henricus Cambriae|Henricum]]. Etiam [[philanthropia|philantropha]] fuit qui [[valetudinarium]] pro [[impubes|impuberibus]] et hominibus [[SCDI]] visitavit et defensor [[Motus Internationalis ad Bombas Subterraneas Interdicendas]] fuit. == Vita == === Infantia et adolescentia === Diana Francisca Spencer filia tertia Eduardi Spenceris, [[Vicecomes]] [[Althorp]], et uxoris primae, Francisca Burke Roche, fuit. Progenies [[Carolus I Angliae Rex|Caroli I Angliae Rex]] fuit. Una auctor generis Dianae civis [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatae Americae]] erat. Anno 1969 parentes sui separabantur. Morte avii sui Eduardus octavus comes gentis Spencerum factus erat. Mutatur et nomen Dianae. Deinde Eduardus Rainam ([[Anglice]] ''Raine''), quae comes [[Derstemuta]]e et filia unica scriptoris Barbarae Cartland est, nupsit. Diana in [[Norfolcia]] et [[Cantium]] edocita erat. Discipula bona non fuit. Cunctae examinationes suae malae erant. Diana athleta et saltator bona autem erat. === Matrimonium et familia === Mulier, quam Carolus quaesivit, familiam generosam habere et innupta et virgo et protestanta esse debuit – omne quod Diana fuit habuitque. Die [[14 Februarii]] [[1981]] sponsaliam ab aula regifica nuntiabatur. Die [[29 Iulii]] [[1981]] maximo cum splendore in [[Cathedralis Sancti Pauli Londini|Cathedrale Sancti Pauli]] [[Londinium|Londinii]] Carolus Dianam in matrimonium duxit. Carolus Dianaque duos filios genuerunt. Gulielmus (Anglice "William"), qui filius primus est, [[21 Iunii]] [[1982]] natus erat. Henricus (Anglice Henry vel Harry) [[15 Septembris]] [[1984]] natus erat. Carolus et Diana die [[9 Decembris]] [[1992]] [[divortium|separabantur]]. Et [[humanitarismus|humanitarista]] fuit et ad [[SCDI]] et [[mina terrestris|minas terrestres]] abrogarum conatus est et [[Motus Internationalis ad Bombas Subterraneas Interdicendas|Motum Internationalem ad Bomas Subterreneas Interdicendas]] participat. Diana die [[28 Augusti]] [[1996]] e palatio regifico ierat. Die [[31 Augusti]] [[1997]] in [[Lutetia]] mortem obiit. == Pelliculae == * [[2006]] - ''[[The Queen (pellicula)|The Queen]]'' == Nexus Externi == {{Victionarium|Diana Francisca Spencer}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030405225050/http://www.althorp.com/spencer-family/familytree.pdf Arbor Familiae Spenceris (Adobe Acrobat pdf format)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121104115351/http://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/Images/Letters/Diana.jpg Vexillum Dianae] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040827063646/http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/O0012359.html Memorialis Dianae ([[Flamma]]e Libertatis)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040401215702/http://www.althorp-house.co.uk/home/index.asp Althorp] for Diana's final resting place * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121221090712/http://www.theworkcontinues.org/ The Work Continues] - [[Diana, Principissa Cambriae Memorial Fund]] * [news:alt.conspiracy.princess-diana alt.conspiracy.princess-diana] - Diana assassination newsgroup * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041013233533/http://www.wethepeople.la/chron.htm Chronologia ultimi diei Dianae] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050912095414/http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=2379163 Iudicia de Dianae morte 1997-2004] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080923032645/http://www.surreycoroner.info/inquests.html Surrey Coroner] for the Diana and Dodi Fayed inquests * [http://www.guardian.co.uk/armstrade/story/0,10674,780530,00.html Whatever happened to Diana's landmines legacy?] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010408204122/http://www.geocities.com/wellesley/6226/report.htm De Dianae autocineti sinistro casu] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040812231654/http://www.time.com/time/europe/html/040119/story.html Was there a conspiracy to kill Diana? (''TIMEeurope'' magazine)] * [http://review-online.blogspot.com/2007/07/diana-chronicles-by-tina-brown-buy-this.html The Diana Chronicles] {{Myrias|Homines}} {{Lifetime|1961|1997|Spencer, Diana Francisca}} [[Categoria:Britanniarum Regnum]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] [[Categoria:Carolus III (rex Britanniarum)]] [[Categoria:Pacis fautores]] qwbbt6dz76ydo4dv8dfaqzxshshja0b 0 6312 3966922 3732379 2026-06-26T20:48:43Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 De forma Latina praenominis apud Ephemeridem 3966922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Movenda|Yukius Mishima}} {{L1}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Yukius Mishima'''<ref name=":0">{{Opus|cognomen 1=Ciarrocchi|nomen 1=Victorius|titulus=DE YUKIO MISHIMA (14.01.1925 - 25.11.1970)|annus=2005|domus editoria=Ephemeris|url=http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2005/biographiae/mishima/index.php}}: “Etiam aliqui homines litterarum Iaponicarum parum aut nihilum docti forsitan quis fuerit '''Kimitakus Hiraoka''', cui nomen vulgatius '''Yukius Mishima''', haud ignorent”.</ref> ([[Iaponice]] [[:ja:三島由紀夫|三島由紀夫]], ''Mishima Yukio''), [[nomen proprium|nomine]] nativo '''Kimitakus Hiraoka''',<ref name=":0" /> litteris Iaponicis 平岡公威, ''Hiraoka Kimitake'' (natus die [[14 Ianuarii]] [[1925]]; die [[25 Novembris]] [[1970]] mortuus), fuit [[auctor]] [[mythistoria]]rum [[Iaponia|Iaponiensis]]. In [[liber (litterae)|libris]] suis, praesertim de [[homophylophilia]], de [[eroticismus|eroticismo]], et de [[amor]]e [[patria]]e ac reverentiae [[Imperatores Iaponiae|imperatorum Iaponiae]] sive Tennō instabat; [[Georgius Bataille|Georgium Bataille]] [[Ioannes Genet|Ioannemque Genet]] penitus admiratus est. [[Subitanea conversio rerum|Interceptionem regiminis]] [[res militaris|militari]] frustra coepta, [[miles|militibus]] irrisus<ref name=andhissuicide>Hisaaki Yamanouchi, Anglice "Mishima Yukio and his Suicide," ''Modern Asian Studies'' 6, no. 1 (1972), 1-16.</ref> incitatusque [[mors|mortem]] more ''[[seppuku]]'' [[suicidium|sibi conscivit]] die [[25 Novembris]] [[1970]]. == Opera selecta == * 花ざかりの森 ''Hanazakari no mori'' ("[[Silva]] floralis, 1943) * 仮面の告白 - ''Kamen no kokuhaku'' ("Confessio personae", 1949) * 禁色 - ''Kinjiki'' ("Colores prohibiti", significatione [[homophylophilia]], 1951) * ラディゲの死 - ''Radige no shi'' (Mors [[Raymondus Radiguet|Raymondi Radiguet]], 1953) * 潮騒 - ''Chiosai'' ("Vox a Turba", 1954) * 金閣寺 - ''Kinkaku-ji'' ("[[Kinkaku-ji]]", 1956) * 近代能楽集 - ''Kindai nōgaku shū'' ("Ludi [[Noh|Nō]] quinque moderni", 1956) * 鏡子の家 - ''Kyōko no ie'' ("Domus Kyōko", 1959) * 憂国 - ''Yūkoku'' ("Amor Patriae", 1961) * サド伯爵夫人 - ''Sado hakusyaku hujin'' (Uxor [[Donatianus Alphonsus Franciscus de Sade|Marchionis de Sade]], 1965) * 英霊の聲 - ''Eirei no koe'' ("Vox animarum nobilium", 1966) * 暁の寺 - ''Akatsuki no tera'' ("Templum Aurorae", 1970) * 豊饒の海 - ''[[Mare Fecunditatis (mythistoria)|Hojyou no umi]]'' ("Mare Fecunditatis", ab 1965 ad 1970) ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Yukio Mishima|Yukium Mishimam}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1925|1970|Yukio, Mishima}} [[Categoria:Auctores Iaponici]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] [[Categoria:Periti artium martialium]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Iaponiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Iaponiae]] {{Myrias|Homines}} e3gvcjecrz65eyaomfyt6h7qhkyej8e 0 7250 3966991 3966693 2026-06-27T10:02:26Z LilyKitty 18316 eventa addo 3966991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Calendarium-Iunii}} '''22 Iunii''' [[dies]] 173ª anni est (174ª [[annus bisextilis|anni bisextilis]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 192 dies manent. Secundum [[calendarium Romanum]] est ''ante diem decimum Kalendas Iulias'', quae ''a.d. X Kal. Iul.'' [[abbreviatio|abbreviantur]]. == Eventa == [[Fasciculus:Pope Stephen IV (2).jpg||left|90px]] === Saeculo 9 === * [[816]] - [[Stephanus V]] papa fit. === Saeculo 16 === * [[1559]] - [[Elisabetha Valesia]], filia [[Henricus II (rex Franciae)|Henrici II]] regis [[Francia]]e, [[Philippus II (rex Hispaniae)|Philippo II]] regi [[Hispania]]e nubet. Hoc connubio pax inter illa regna confirmatur. === Saeculo 19 === * [[1865]] - [[Berolinum|Berolini]] primo [[ferrivia strataria]] ab equis vecta officium sumit. * [[1892]] - [[Charilaus Tricupes]] [[Primi ministri Graeciae|Primus Minister]] [[Graecia]]e nominatur. Antecessor eius [[Constantinus Constantopulus]] erat. === Saeculo 20 === [[Fasciculus:Flag of Sweden.svg|right|80px]] * [[1906]] - [[Vexillum]] [[Suecia]]e decernitur. * [[1941]] - [[Secundum bellum mundanum]]: [[Germania]] invadit [[Unio Rerum Publicarum Socialisticarum Sovieticarum|Unionem Sovieticam]], [[Bellum Magnum Patrium]] oritur. * [[1948]] - [[Consilium securitatis]] resolutionem 52 de [[energia nuclearis|energia atomica]] decernit. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2011]] - Officium [[Primus minister Finniae|primi ministri Finniae]] a [[Jyrki Katainen]] sumitur. * [[2022]] - [[Terrae motus Afganiae anni 2022|Terrae motus]] magnus [[scala Richteriana|scalae Richterianae]] 5.9 in [[Afgania]] fit, quo plus quam mille homines necantur. * [[2025]] - [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] iussu praesidis [[Donaldus Trump|Donaldi Trump]] in [[Irania]] officinas [[uranium|uranii]] subterraneas telis bombisque explosivis devastant. * [[2026]] - [[Keir Starmer]] consilium suum nuntiavit se abdicaturum munere [[primus minister Britanniarum Regni|primi ministri et ducis [[Factio laboris (Britanniarum Regnum)|Factionis Laboris]]. == Natales == === Saeculo 18 === * [[1767]] - [[Gulielmus von Humboldt]], vir publicus [[Borussia|Borussicus]] ac doctus [[Germania|Germanicus]] et conditor [[Universitas Humboldtiana Berolinensis|universitatis Berolinensis]] (†&nbsp;[[1835]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1805]] - [[Iosephus Mazzini]], patriae amans ac revolutionarius [[Italia|Italicus]] (mortuus anno [[1872]]) * [[1837]] **[[Paulus Morphy]], lusor scaccorum Americanus (†&nbsp;[[1884]]) **[[Ernestus Ziller]], architectus Germano-Graecus (†&nbsp;[[1923]]) * [[1844]] - [[Anscharius Leopoldus de Gebhard]], [[theologus]] et [[Bibliotheca|bibliothecarius]] Germanicus (mortuus anno 1906) * [[1850]] - [[Ignatius Goldziher]], studiosus orientalismi et auctor studii [[religio Islamica|religionis Islamicae]] [[Hungaria|Hungaricus]] (†&nbsp;[[1921]]) * [[1864]] - [[Arminius Minkowski]], physicus et mathematicus Germanicus (†&nbsp;[[1909]]) * [[1874]] - [[Gualterius Fridericus Otto]], philosophus Germanicus (†&nbsp;[[1958]]) * [[1876]] - [[Hermannus Hummel]], vir publicus Germanicus atque sodalis [[DDP]] (mortuus anno [[1952]]) * [[1898]] - [[Ericus Maria Remarque]], scriptor Germanicus (mortuus anno [[1970]]) * [[1899]] - [[Michael Kalecki]], oeconomus [[Polonia|Polonicus]] (mortuus anno 1970) === Saeculo 20 === * 1909 - [[Catharina Dunham]], actrix, scriptrix et anthropologa Americana (mortua anno [[2006]]) * [[1916]] - [[Aemilius Fackenheim]], [[philosophus]] et [[rabbi]] Germanicus (†&nbsp;[[2003]]) * [[1926]] - [[Thaddaeus Konwicki]], scriptor Polonicus (†&nbsp;[[2015]]) * [[1928]] ** [[Radulphus Waite]], histrio Americanus (†&nbsp;[[2014]]) ** [[Steingrimus Hermanni filius]], primus minister [[Islandia]]e (mortuus anno [[2010]]) * [[1932]] - [[Amrish Puri]], histrio [[India|Indicus]] (mortuus anno [[2005]]) * [[1933]] - [[Diana Feinstein]], rerum politicarum perita Americana factionis [[Factio Democratica (CFA)|Democraticae]] (†&nbsp;[[2023]]) * [[1939]] - [[Ada Yonath]], chemica [[Israel]]iana, [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae|praemio Nobeliano chemiae]] affecta * [[1943]] **[[Ioannes Michael Kosterlitz]], physicus [[Scotia|Scoto]]-Americanus **[[Nicolaus Maria Brandauer]], histrio [[Austria]]cus * [[1944]] **[[Helimutus Dietl]], moderator cinematographicus Germanicus (†&nbsp;2015) **[[Gerardus Mourou]], physicus Francicus, [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae|praemio Nobeliano physicae]] affectus * [[1945]] - [[Rainer Brüderle]], vir publicus Germaniae et sodalis [[Factio Democratica Liberalis Germaniae|factionis Democraticae Liberalis Germaniae]] (FDP) * [[1947]] - [[David Landau]], diurnarius Israeliticus (†&nbsp;2015) * [[1949]] ** [[Petrus Gauweiler]], vir publicus Germanicus et sodalis factionis [[CSU]] ** [[Carolus Petrini]], scriptor et diurnarius Italicus ** [[Maria Ludovica Streep]], actrix Americana * [[1960]] ** [[Erin Brockovich]], activista Americana ** [[Rovana Plumb]], rerum politicarum perita [[Romania|Dacoromanica]] * [[1964]] - [[Daniel Brown]], scriptor Americanus * [[1974]] - [[Ioanna Cox]], [[politicus|politicae perita]] [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannica]] (†&nbsp;[[2016]]) == Mortes == === Saeculo 5 === * [[431]] - [[Paulinus Nolanus]], poeta [[Imperium Romanum|Romanus]] (*&nbsp;[[354]]) === Saeculo 13 === * [[1276]] - [[Innocentius V]], [[papa]] (*&nbsp;[[1225]]) === Saeculo 16 === *[[1535]] - [[Ioannes Roffensis]], doctus, cardinalis et martyr [[Anglia|Anglicus]] (*&nbsp;[[1469]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1887]] - [[E. Marlitt]], scriptrix Germaniaca === Saeculo 20 === * [[1905]] - [[Franciscus Richardus Lubbock]], gubernator [[Texia]]e (*&nbsp;[[1815]]) * [[1918]] - [[Alexius Ščastnyj]], praefectus navalis [[Russia|Russicus]] (*&nbsp;[[1881]]) * [[1959]] - [[Hermannus Brill]], rerum politicarum peritus Germanicus (*&nbsp;[[1895]]) * [[1969]] - [[Judy Garland]], actrix Americana (*&nbsp;[[1922]]) * [[1974]] - [[Darius Milhaud]], compositor Francicus (*&nbsp;1892) * [[1975]] - [[Anascharius Strok]], compositor [[Lettonia|Lettonicus]] et [[URSS|Sovieticus]] (*&nbsp;[[1893]]) * [[1987]] - [[Fridericus Astaire]], actor, cantor, choreographus et saltator Americanus (*&nbsp;1899) * [[1993]] - [[Patricia Nixon]], Prima Domina CFA (*&nbsp;[[1912]]) * [[1995]] - [[Ivus Congar]], theologus et cardinalis Francicus (*&nbsp;[[1904]]) === Saeculo 21 === * [[2008]] ** [[Georgius Carlin]], comicus Americanus (*&nbsp;[[1937]]) ** [[Theodorus Uglov]], chirurgus Sovietcus et Russicus (*&nbsp;[[1904]]) * 2015 - [[Laura Antonelli]], actrix Italica (*&nbsp;1941) * [[2017]] - [[Quett Masire]], praeses [[Botswana]]e (*&nbsp;[[1925]]) * [[2026]] - [[Alanus Greenspan]], oeconomiae peritus Americanus et praeses [[Systema aerarium foederale|systematis aerarii foederalis Americae]] (*&nbsp;1926) == Festa et Feriae == {{menses}} [[Categoria:Dies]] qza5215vrkxestzdy9hgmftvou0f01c 0 7274 3966990 3897558 2026-06-27T09:57:41Z LilyKitty 18316 eventa addo 3966990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Calendarium-Iunii}} '''24 Iunii''' [[dies]] 175ª anni est (176ª [[annus bisextilis|anni bisextilis]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 190 dies manent. Secundum [[calendarium Romanum]] est ''ante diem octavum [[Kalendae|Kalendas]] Iulias'', quae a.d. VIII Kal. Iul. [[abbreviatio|abbreviantur]]. == Eventa == [[Fasciculus:Marsile de Padoue 1319.jpg|thumb|left|85px|[[Marsilius Patavinus]]]] === Saeculo 14 === * [[1324]] - [[Marsilius Patavinus]] opus suum magnum ''[[Defensor pacis]]'' intitulatum perficit. * [[1340]] - Classis [[Anglia|Anglica]] apud [[Slusa]]m oppidum [[Nederlandia]]e naves [[Francia|Francorum]] vincit. === Saeculo 15 === * [[1497]] - [[Canada]]e terra ab [[Ioannes Cabottus|Ioanne Cabotto]] invenitur. === Saeculo 16 === * [[1509]] - [[Henricus VIII (rex Angliae)|Henricus VIII]] rex Angliae coronatur. === Saeculo 19 === * [[1859]] - Proelium ad [[Sulphurinum]] inter [[Austria]]cos atque [[Regnum Sardiniae]] sociamque illius [[Francia]]m [[Napoleo III|Napoleone III]] imperatore duce. [[Henricus Dunant]] caedes maximas huius pugnae promulgabit et ideo conditor [[Consilium internationale Crucis Rubrae|consilii internationalis crucis rubrae]] fiet. * [[1862]] - [[Nicolaus Crețulescu]] praeses ministrorum [[Romania]]e nominatur. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1913]] - [[Raimundus Poincaré]], praeses ministrorum [[Londinium|Londinii]] hospes sincerissime recipitur. * [[1922]] - [[Gualtherius Rathenau]], filius [[Aemilius Rathenau|Aemilii Rathenau]] conditoris cum aliis societatis [[AEG]], fuit praeses huius societatis, [[scriptor]], [[vir publicus]] ac minister negotiorum externorum [[Germania|Germanicus]], a sicariis rerum novarum cupidis necatur. * [[1940]] - Indutiae inter Franciam et [[Italia]]m fiunt. * [[1945]] - [[Pompa Victoriae]] (in [[Bellum Magnum Patrium|Bello Magno Patrio]]) [[Moscua]]e in [[Unio Rerum Publicarum Socialisticarum Sovieticarum|Unione Sovietica]] fit. * [[1950]] - Canonizatio [[Maria Goretti|Mariae Goretti]] fit. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2012]] - In [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]] nuntiatur [[Mahometus Mursi|Mahometum Mursi]] esse electum praesidem rei publicae. * [[2016]] - [[David Cameron]], primus minister [[Britanniarum regnum|Britanniarum Regni]], dimissionem suam declarat. * [[2026]] - [[Terrae motus Venetiolanus anni 2026|Terrae motus]] maior [[Scala Richteriana|magnitudinis]] 7.2 deinde 7.5 in [[Venetiola]] centenos homines necat vel vulnerat multaque aedificia concidit. == Natales == === Saeculo 14 === * [[1314]] - [[Philippa Hannoniae]], regina coniunx [[Anglia]]e (†&nbsp;[[1369]]) * [[1386]] - [[Ioannes Capistranus]] (†&nbsp;[[1456]]) === Saeculo 15 === * [[1485]] - [[Iohannes Bugenhagen]], [[Theologia|theologus]] et socius [[Martinus Lutherus|Martini Lutheri]] (†&nbsp;[[1558]]) === Saeculo 16 === * [[1519]] - [[Theodorus Beza]], theologus et reformator Francicus (†&nbsp;[[1605]]) * [[1532]] - [[Robertus Dudleius, I comes Leicestriae]], dux [[stabula|stabulorum]] apud curiam [[Elizabeth I (regina Angliae)|Elisabethae I]], fuit amans et dilectus [[regina]]e (†&nbsp;[[1588]]) * [[1542]] - [[Sanctus]] [[Ioannes a Cruce]], theologus [[Mystica|mysticus]], [[Poesis|poeta]] et religiosus [[Hispania|Hispanicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1591]]) * [[1546]] - [[Robertus Parsons]], [[Iesuitae|Iesuita]] et vir publicus Anglicus (†&nbsp;[[1610]]) === Saeculo 18 === * [[1755]] - [[Anacharsis Cloots]], vir publicus Francicus inter [[rerum Francicarum eversio]]nem (†&nbsp;[[1794]]) * [[1789]] - [[Silvius Pellico]], [[scriptor]] et patriae amans Italicus (†&nbsp;[[1854]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1818]] - [[Carolus Alexander (Saxonia-Vimarii-Eisenach)|Carolus Alexander]], dux magnus [[Saxonia-Vimarii-Eisenach|Saxoniae-Vimarii-Eisenach]] (†&nbsp;[[1901]]) * [[1838]] - [[Ioannes Matejko]], pictor [[Polonia|Polonicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1893]]) * [[1842]] - [[Ambrosius Bierce]], poeta et [[miles]] [[CFA|Americanus]] (mortuus [[1914]]) * [[1852]] - [[Victor Adler]], rerum politicarum peritus Austriacus (†&nbsp;[[1918]]) * [[1866]] - [[Franciscus Iosephus Wittemann]], vir publicus et iurisprudens [[Badenia|Badensis]]e atque sodalis factionis [[Centrum (factio)|Centri]] (†&nbsp;[[1931]]) * [[1869]] - [[Georgius (princeps Graeciae)|Georgius]], princeps [[Graecia]]e (†&nbsp;[[1957]]) * [[1881]] - [[Gregorius Kotowski]], dux exercitus in [[Bellum Civile Russicum|bello civili Russico]], rerum militarium et politicarum peritus [[URSS|Sovieticus]] (caesus [[1925]]) * [[1883]] - [[Victor F. Hess]], physicus Austro-Americanus (†&nbsp;[[1964]]) * [[1886]] - [[Ioannes Gigurtu]], vir publicus et rector societatum [[Romania|Dacoromanicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1959]]) * [[1888]] - [[Carolus Alexander (Saxonia-Vimarii-Eisenach)|Carolus Alexander]] (†&nbsp;[[1901]]) * [[1891]] - [[Henricus Grüber]], theologus Germanicus, qui contra [[Adolfus Hitler|Adolfi Hitler]] [[tyrannis|tyrannidem]] pugnabat (†&nbsp;[[1975]]) === Saeculo 20 === * [[1908]] - [[Marina Ladynina]], actrix Sovietica (mortua [[2003]]) * [[1911]] ** [[Ioannes Manuel Fangio]], autocinetor [[Argentina|Argentinus]] (mortuus [[1995]]) ** [[Ernestus Sabato]], scriptor Argentinus (mortuus [[2011]]) * [[1912]] - [[Sergius Filippov]], actor Sovieticus (mortuus [[1990]]) * [[1923]] - [[Ivo Bonnefoy]], poeta Francicus (†&nbsp;2016) * [[1924]] - [[Curtius Furgler]], vir publicus [[Helvetia|Helveticus]] (mortuus [[2008]]) * [[1927]] - [[Martinus L. Perl]], physicus Americanus (mortuus anno [[2014]]) * [[1929]] - [[Carolina Ioanna Spellmann Shoemaker]], astronoma Americana (†&nbsp;[[2021]]) * [[1930]] - [[Claudius Chabrol]], moderator cinematographicus Francicus (mortuus [[2010]]) * [[1932]] - [[Georgius Gruntz]], [[musicus]], [[clavicen]] et [[compositor]] generis [[Iazium|iazii]] [[Helvetia|Helveticus]]e (†&nbsp;[[2013]]) * [[1941]] - [[Iulia Kristeva]], [[philosophus|philosopha]] et [[psychanalysis]] perita Francica origine [[Bulgaria]]e * [[1942]] ** [[Colandus Groves]], primatologus Australianus (†&nbsp;[[2017]]) ** [[Eduardus Frei|Eduardus Frei Ruiz-Tagle]], praeses [[Chilia]]e * 1945 - [[Georgius Pataki]], gubernator [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]] * [[1953]] - [[Gulielmus Moerner]], chemicus et physicus Americanus, [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae|praemio Nobeliano chemiae]] affectus * [[1961]] - [[Ioannes Glen (histrio)|Ioannes Glen]], histrio [[Scotia|Scotus]] * [[1969]] - [[Nicodemus Gentile]], [[causidicus]] et scriptor Italicus * [[1972]] - [[Robertulus McEwen]], birotarius Australianus * [[1978]] ** [[Shunsuke Nakamura]], pedilusor [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]] ** [[Erno Vuorinen]], musicus [[Finnia|Finnicus]] * [[1987]] - [[Leonillus Messi]], pedilusor Argentinus * [[1992]] - [[David Alaba]], pedilusor Austriacus == Mortes == === Saeculo 2 === * [[105]] - [[Gnaeus Afranius Dexter]], consul suffectus eius anni necatus est, an sua manu an servis suis caesus === Saeculo 16 === * [[1519]] - [[Lucretia Borgia]], filia cardinalis [[Rodrigus Borgia|Rodrigi Borgiae]], qui postea [[papa]] [[nomen pontificale|nomine]] [[Alexander VI|Alexandro VI]] creatus est et [[Vanotia de Cathaneis|Vanotiae de Cathaneis]] (*&nbsp;[[1480]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1836]] - [[Petrus Iosephus Triest]], presbyter natione [[Belgica]], qui vitam suam dedicavit ad surdo-mutos educandos (*&nbsp;[[1760]]) * [[1860]] - [[Hieronymus Bonaparte]], rex [[Regnum Westfaliae|Westfaliae]] (*&nbsp;[[1784]]) === Saeculo 20 === * [[1908]] - [[Grover Cleveland]], praeses CFA (*&nbsp;[[1837]]) * [[1909]] - [[Sara Orne Jewett]], scriptrix Americana (*&nbsp;[[1849]]) * 1922 - [[Gualtherius Rathenau]], vir publicus Germanicus (*&nbsp;[[1867]]. * 1950 - [[Ioannes Šmelëv]], scriptor Russicus (natus [[1873]]) * [[1968]] - [[Angelus Jelmini]], fuit presbyter Italicus et [[administrator Apostolicus]] [[Luganum|Luganensis]] (*&nbsp;[[1893]]) * [[1978]] - [[Mstislaus Keldyš]], mathematicus et mechanicus Sovieticus (natus [[1911]]) * [[1988]] - [[Martha Abba]], actrix Italica (*&nbsp;[[1900]]) * [[1989]] - [[Hibari Misora]], [[cantrix]] et [[actrix|artifex scaenica]] (*&nbsp;[[1937]]) === Saeculo 21 === * [[2002]] - [[Petrus Werner]], primus minister [[Luxemburgum|Luxemburgi]] (*&nbsp;1913) * [[2008]] - [[Leonidas Hurwicz]], oeconomus Russo-Americanus (*&nbsp;[[1917]]) * [[2013]] - [[Aemilius Colombo]], primus minister Italia (*&nbsp;[[1920]]) == Festa et Feriae == * [[Roma antiqua|Romae]]: Feria Fortis Fortunae * Nativitas Sancti [[Ioannes Baptista|Ioannis Baptistae]] * Dies nationalis ([[Quebecum]]) {{menses}} [[Categoria:Dies]] src0ncshh1z8mf0401qmun7tjp86s85 0 8634 3966947 3815180 2026-06-27T00:31:08Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{FA stella}} {{Latinitas|-2}} {{capsa civitatis Vicidata}} '''Cuba''' est maxima [[Antillae Magnae|Antillarum Magnarum]] [[insula]] in [[Mare Caribaeum|Mari Caribaeo]], insularum [[America]]narum magnitudine [[quatuor|quarta]], totius terrarum orbis autem quindecima. Partes quoque rei publicae Cubanae sunt variae insulae minores ([[caio]]nes) et [[Insula Iuventutis]], insula maxima ante [[litus]] [[meridies|meridianum]] Cubanum sita. Ab anno [[1492]] usque ad [[1898]], Cuba fuit [[colonia]] [[Hispania|Hispana]]; postea, libera [[res publica]] facta est die [[20 Martii]] [[1904]]. Ex quo Hispania cum America [[bellum|bello]] certavit anno [[1898]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] partem maiorem in "relationibus internationalibus" Cubanis "figurant," sed post [[Bellum Frigidum]] et [[res novae|rerum Cubanarum commutationem]] [[Communista]]m anni [[1959]] relationes inter Civitates Foederatas et Cubam saepe fuerunt inimicae. Quamvis contentio inter ambas civitates usque ad hunc diem non quiesceret, Civitates Foederatae Americae foederibus Cubano-Americanis annorum [[1903]] et [[1934]] compositis<ref>Vide paginas Anglice [https://web.archive.org/web/20070627104954/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/cuba/cuba002.htm Foedus Cubanus-Americanus anni 1903], [https://web.archive.org/web/20141127165615/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1901platt.html Emendatio Platt], [[:en:Platt Amendment]].</ref> [[Sinus Guantanamus|Sinu Guantanamo]], parvula Cubae orientalis parte, statione classica utuntur. == Geographia == Vicina Cubae territoria sunt [[paeninsula]] [[Iucatania]] ([[Mexicum|Mexici]] pars) ab occidente, [[paeninsula]] [[Florida]] ([[CFA]] pars), et [[Insulae Bahamenses]] septentrione, [[Hispaniola]] oriente, et [[Iamaica]] meridie. Septentrionalis Cubae [[litus]] partim [[Sinus Mexicanus|Sinu Mexicano]], partim [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Atlantico Oceano]] locatur{{dubsig}}; litus meridianum [[Mare Caribaeum]] adspicit. Maior [[superficies|superficiei]] Cubanae pars est planities, [[mons|montuosa]] Sancti Iacobi Cubae regione excepta, ubi sunt [[Montes Magistri]] (''Sierra Maestra'') cuius [[Cacumen Turcus]] (''Pico Turquino''), [[altitudo|altitudine]] 2005 [[metrum|metrorum]], est altissimus Cubae locus. === Clima === Cuba [[zona tropica|climate tropico]] fruitur, moderata ab [[aqua|aquis]] circumiacentibus. [[Temperatura]]e terrestres inter 20&nbsp;°C et 30&nbsp;°C agitantur. Ob amnes per [[Sinus Mexicanus|Sinum Mexicanum]] fluentes, temperaturae aquarum litoralum inter 26&nbsp;°C hieme et 28–30&nbsp;°C [[aestas|aestate]] oscillant.<ref>Fons horum indiciorum desiderata.</ref> Copiosae [[pluvia]]e, magnae intensitatis, annum in duo tempora dividunt: hiems sicca a mense Novembri ad Aprilem extendit, et [[aestas]] umida a mense Maio ad Octobrem. Per umidum tempus, praesertim inter menses Septembrem et Octobrem, [[Typhon marinus|Typhones marini]] [[Sinus Mexicanus|sinum Mexicanum]] versi Cubam magnopere adflictant. Indi [[Taini]], qui terram primitus incoluerunt, tales typhones appellabant ''huracan''; postquam nautae Hispani eos appellabant ''huracanes, furacanes,'' vel ''furacana.''<ref>Vide [[Usor:Iustinus/Scribenda#Furacanum|fontes quod procellam ingentem marinam nomine ''huracan'' vel ''furacan'' vel ''furacanum'' describunt.]]; Vide etiam paginam [[:es:Huracan|Huracan apud Vicipaediam Hispanicam]].</ref> == Divisio administrativa == === Provinciae === Cuba nunc [[quindecim]] provincias habet, quorum maxima est [[Avana|Avana Urbs]] (''Ciudad de la Habana''), incolarum 2.2 milionum. Nomina provinciarum ab occidente ad orientem sunt:<ref>Fons provinciarum nominum nobis est, ubi ut fieri potest, [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/dcu2.html nomina dioecesis Ecclesiae Catholicae Cubanae]. ''Cienfuegos'' fuit nomen imperatoris Hispanici qui circum annum [[1880]] Cubam gubernabat.</ref> * [[Provincia Pinetensis ad Flumen|Pinetensis ad Flumen]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Pinar del Rio'') * [[Artemisensis]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Artemisa'') * [[Havana]] * [[Mayabequensis]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Mayabeque'') * [[Matanzensis]]<ref name="Matansansis">"Mataanzensis" in nominibus biologicis, sed cf. {{CathHierDiocese|matc|Dioecesis Matansansis}}</ref> ([[Hispanice]] ''Matanzas'') * [[Centumfocensis]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Cienfuegos'') * [[Villaclarensis]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Villa Clara'') * [[Provincia Sancti Spiritus|Sancti Spiritus]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Sancti Spíritus'') * [[Provincia Caeci Abulensis|Caeci Abulensis]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Ciego de Ávila'') * [[Camagueyensis]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Camagüey'') * [[Tunaensis]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Las Tunas'') * [[Granma (provincia)|Granma]] * [[Holguinensis]] (''Holguín'') * [[Provincia Sancti Iacobi Cubae|Sancti Iacobi]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Santiago de Cuba''), et * [[Guantanamensis]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Guantánamo'') * [[Insula Iuventutis]] === Communia === [[Fasciculus:Cuba municipalities.png|thumb|500px|Communia Cubana]] Provinciae Cubanae in 169 [[commune|communia]] ([[Hispanice]]: ''municipios'') dividuntur, quorum numerum Lex ''Numerus 1304'' die [[3 Iulii]] [[1976]] definit. Haec sunt Cubana communia secundum provincias: (potes his symbolis occultare quodcerto tempore perficere non vis. ==== Communia provinciae Camagueyae ==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Commune Latinizato cum nomine!!Commune Hispanice!!Incolae<br />(2004)!!Area<br />(km²)!!Nota |- | [[Camagueya]]||''Camagüey'' ||{{commas|324921}}||{{commas|1106}}|| Provinciale caput |- | [[Carolus Manuel de Céspedes (urbs)|Carolus Manuel de Céspedes]]||Carlos M. de Céspedes''||{{commas|25707}}||{{commas|653}}|| |- |[[Smaragdopolis (Cuba)|Smaragdopolis]]||''Esmeralda''||{{commas|29953}}||{{commas|1480}}|| |- |[[Florida (Cuba)|Florida]]||''Florida''||{{commas|73612}}||{{commas|1800}}|| |- |[[Guaemarum]]||''Guáimaro''||{{commas|57086}}||{{commas|1847}}|| |- |[[Ximaguyuvum]]||''Jimaguayú''||{{commas|21169}}||{{commas|799}}|| |- |[[Metallopolis]]||''Minas''||{{commas|38517}}||{{commas|1015}}|| |- |[[Naxasa]]||''Najasa''||{{commas|16470}}||{{commas|921}}|| |- |[[Novettae]]||Nuevitas''||{{commas|44882}}||{{commas|415}}|| |- |[[Sancta Crux Meridionalis]]||''Santa Cruz del Sur''||{{commas|51335}}||{{commas|1122}}|| |- |[[Sibanicuvum]]||''Sibanicú''||{{commas|31117}}||{{commas|736}}|| |- |[[Montes Cubettae]]||''Sierra de Cubitas''||{{commas|18589}}||{{commas|549}}|| |- |[[Vertentes]]||''Vertientes''||{{commas|53299}}||{{commas|2005}}|| |} ==== Communia provinciae Caeci Abulae ==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Commune cum Latinizato nomine!!Commune Hispanice!!Incolae<br />(2004)!!Area<br />(km²)!!Nota |- |[[Baragua]]|| ''Baraguá''||{{commas|32408}}||{{commas|728}}|| |- |[[Bolivia (Cuba)|Bolivia]]|| ''Bolivia''||{{commas|16612}}||{{commas|918}}|| |- |[[Ciambae]]|| ''Chambas''||{{commas|39868}}||{{commas|769}}|| |- |[[Caecus Abulae]]|| ''Ciego de Ávila''||{{commas|135736}}||{{commas|445}}||Provinciale caput |- |[[Cyrus Redondo (Cuba)|Cyrus Redondo]]||''Ciro Redondo''||{{commas|29560}}||{{commas|588}}|| |- |[[Florentia (Cuba)|Florentia]]|| ''Florencia''||{{commas|19811}}||{{commas|286}}|| |- |[[Maxagua]]|| ''Majagua''||{{commas|26617}}||{{commas|544}}|| |- |[[Mauror (Cuba)|Mauror]]|| ''Morón''||{{commas|60612}}||{{commas|615}}|| |- |[[Kalendae Ianuariae (Cuba)|Kalendae Ianuariae]]|| ''Primero de Enero''||{{commas|27813}}||{{commas|713}}|| |- |[[Venetiola (Cuba)|Venetiola]]|| ''Venezuela''||{{commas|27333}}||{{commas|716}}|| |} ==== Communia provinciae Centumfocensis ==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Commune cum nomine Latinizato!!Commune Hispanice!!Incolae<br />(2004)!!Area<br />(km²)!!Nota |- |[[Abreus]] ||''Abreus''||{{commas|30330}}||{{commas|564}}|| |- |[[Aquatio Viatorum]]||''Aguada de Pasajeros''||{{commas|31687}}||{{commas|680}}|| |- |[[Urbs Centumfocensis]] ||''Cienfuegos''||{{commas|163824}}||{{commas|333}}||Provinciale caput |- |[[Cruces (Cuba)|Cruces]]||''Cruces''||{{commas|32139}}||{{commas|198}}|| |- |[[Cumanayagua]] ||''Cumanayagua''||{{commas|51435}}||{{commas|1099}}|| |- |[[Laxae]]||''Lajas''||{{commas|22602}}||{{commas|430}}|| |- |[[Palmyra (Cuba)|Palmyra]]||''Palmira''||{{commas|33153}}||{{commas|318}}|| |- |[[Rhodus (Cuba)|Rhodus]]||''Rodas''||{{commas|33477}}||{{commas|552}}|| |} ==== Communia Urbis Avanae ==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Commune cum Latinizato nomine!!Commune Hispanice!!Incolae<br />(2004)!!Area<br />(km²)!!Nota |- |[[Arrugia Citri Sinensis|Arrugia]] Aurantia||''Arroyo Naranjo''||{{commas|210053}}||{{commas|83}}|| |- |[[Bubulci]]||''Boyeros''||{{commas|188593}}||{{commas|134}}|| |- |[[Centrum (Avana)|Centrum Avanae]]||''Centro Habana''||{{commas|158151}}||{{commas|4}}|| |- |[[Collis (Cuba)|Collis]] ||''Cerro''||{{commas|132351}}||{{commas|10}}|| |- |[[Cotorrum]]||''Cotorro''||{{commas|74650}}||{{commas|66}}|| |- |[[Decimus Octobris (Cuba)|Decimus Octobris]]||''Diez de Octubre''||{{commas|227293}}||{{commas|12}}|| |- |[[Guanabacoa]]||''Guanabacoa''||{{commas|112964}}||{{commas|127}}|| |- |[[Avana Orientalis]]||''La Habana del Este''||{{commas|178041}}||{{commas|145}}|| |- |[[Avana Vetus]]||''La Habana Vieja''||{{commas|95383}}||{{commas|5}}|| [[Patrimonium Mundanum Societatis Educativae, Scientificae, et Culturalis Consocietatis Nationum|Patrimonium Mundanum Humanitatis]] |- |[[Lisa (Cuba)|Lisa]]||''La Lisa''||{{commas|131148}}||{{commas|38}}|| |- |[[Marianaum]]||''Marianao''||{{commas|135551}}||{{commas|21}}|| |- |[[Litus (Avana)|Litus]]||''Playa''||{{commas|186959}}||{{commas|36}}|| |- |[[Forum Rerum Novarum]]||''Plaza de la Revolución''||{{commas|161631}}||{{commas|12}}|| Gubernationis Vicus |- |[[Regula (Cuba)|Regula]]||''Regla''||{{commas|44431}}||{{commas|9}}|| |- |[[Sanctus Michael Census]]||''San Miguel del Padrón''||{{commas|159273}}||{{commas|26}}|| |} ==== Communia provinciae Granmae ==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Commune cum Latinizato nomine!!Commune Hispanice!!Incolae<br />(2004)!!Area<br />(km²)!!Nota |- |[[Bartholomaeus Masó (Cuba)|Bartholomaeus Masó]]||''Bartolomé Masó''||{{commas|53024}}||{{commas|629}}|| |- |[[Bayamopolis]]||''Bayamo''||{{commas|222118}}||{{commas|918}}||Provinciale caput |- |[[Bovis Superior]]||''Buey Arriba''||{{commas|31327}}||{{commas|452}}|| |- |[[Campechuela]]||''Campechuela''||{{commas|46092}}||{{commas|577}}|| |- |[[Cautus Christus]]||''Cauto Cristo''||{{commas|21159}}||{{commas|550}}|| |- |[[Guisa]]||''Guisa''||{{commas|50923}}||{{commas|596}}|| |- |[[Chrysammia]]||''Jiguaní''||{{commas|60320}}||{{commas|646}}|| |- |[[Hippomanepolis]]||''Manzanillo''||{{commas|130789}}||{{commas|498}}|| |- |[[Luna Dimidia (Cuba)|Luna Dimidia]]||''Media Luna''||{{commas|35330}}||{{commas|376}}|| |- |[[Niquerum]]||''Niquero''||{{commas|41252}}||{{commas|582}}|| |- |[[Pilonum]]||''Pilón''||{{commas|29751}}||{{commas|462}}|| |- |[[Flumen Cautum (Commune)]]||''Río Cauto''||{{commas|47833}}||{{commas|1500}}|| |- |[[Yara (Cuba)|Yara]]||''Yara''||{{commas|59415}}||{{commas|576}}|| |} ==== Communia provinciae Guantanami ==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Commune cum Latinizato nomine!!Incolae!!Incolae<br />(2004)!!Area<br />(km²)!!Nota |- |[[Baracoa (Cuba)|Baracoa]]||''Baracoa''||{{commas|81794}}||{{commas|977}}|| |- |[[Caimanopolis]]||''Caimanera''||{{commas|10562}}||{{commas|366}}|| |- |[[Salvatoria (Cuba)|Salvatoria]]||''El Salvador''||{{commas|45662}}||{{commas|637}}|| |- |[[Guantanamus (Cuba)|Guantanamus]]||''Guantánamo''||{{commas|244603}}||{{commas|741}}||Provinciale caput |- |[[Imiae]]||''Imías''||{{commas|20959}}||{{commas|524}}|| |- |[[Maesium]]||''Maisí''||{{commas|28276}}||{{commas|525}}||[[Mechanopolis]] (Hispanice ''La Máquina'') |- |[[Manuel Tames (Cuba)|Manuel Tames]]||''Manuel Tames''||{{commas|14200}}||{{commas|526}}|| |- |[[Nicetus Pérez (Cuba)|Nicetus Pérez]]||''Niceto Pérez''||{{commas|17783}}||{{commas|640}}|| |- |[[Sanctus Antonius Meridionalis]]|||''San Antonio del Sur''||{{commas|26509}}||{{commas|585}}|| |- |[[Yaterae]]||''Yateras''||{{commas|20358}}||{{commas|664}}|| [[Periphraxopolis (Cuba)|Periphraxopolis]] (Hispanice ''Palenque'') |} ==== Communia provinciae Holguinae ==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Commune cum Latinizato nomine!!Commune Hispanice!!Incolae<br />(2004)!!Area<br />(km²)!!Nota |- |[[Antilla (Cuba)|Antilla]]||''Antilla''||{{commas|12222}}||{{commas|100}}|| |- |[[Baguani]]||''Báguanos''||{{commas|52854}}||{{commas|806}}|| |- |[[Coeladapolis (Cuba)|Coeladapolis]]||''Banes''||{{commas|81274}}||{{commas|781}}|| |- |[[Cacocum]]||''Cacocum''||{{commas|42623}}||{{commas|661}}|| |- |[[Calixtus García (Cuba)|Calixtus García]]||''Calixto García''||{{commas|57867}}||{{commas|617}}|| [[Bonaventurapolis (Cuba)|Bonaventurapolis]] (Hispanice ''Buenaventura'') |- |[[Lophiscopolis (Cuba)|Lophiscopolis]]||''Cueto''||{{commas|34503}}||{{commas|326}}|| |- |[[Franciscus País (Cuba)|Franciscus País]]||''Frank País''||{{commas|25621}}||{{commas|510}}||[[Insula Mambium]] (Hispanice ''Cayo Mambí'') |- |[[Oropolis (Cuba)|Oropolis]]||''Gibara''||{{commas|72810}}||{{commas|630}}|| |- |[[Holguina]]||''Holguín''||{{commas|326740}}||{{commas|666}}||Provinciale caput |- |[[Mayarium]]||''Mayarí''||{{commas|105505}}||{{commas|1307}}|| |- |[[Moa (Cuba)|Moa]]||''Moa''||{{commas|71079}}||{{commas|730}}|| |- |[[Raphael Freyre (Cuba)|Raphael Freyre]]||''Rafael Freyre''||{{commas|50080}}||{{commas|620}}|| |- |[[Sagua Tanami]]||''Sagua de Tánamo''||{{commas|52013}}||{{commas|704}}|| |- |[[Sanctus Iermanus (Cuba)|Sanctus Iermanus]]||''San Germán''||{{commas|43892}}||{{commas|846}}|| |} ==== Communia provinciae Avanae ==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Commune cum Latinizato nomine!!Commune Hispanice!!Incolae<br />(2004)!!Area<br />(km²)!!Nota |- |[[Alquizaropolis]]||''Alquizar''||{{commas|29616}}||{{commas|193}}|| |- |[[Artemidopolis (Cuba)|Artemidopolis]]||''Artemisa''||{{commas|81209}}||{{commas|690}}|| |- |[[Batabanovum]]||''Batabanó''||{{commas|25664}}||{{commas|187}}|| |- |[[Bauta]]||''Bauta''||{{commas|45509}}||{{commas|157}}|| |- |[[Mikaniapolis]]||''Bejucal''||{{commas|25425}}||{{commas|120}}|| |- |[[Caemitum]]||''Caimito''||{{commas|36813}}||{{commas|238}}|| |- |[[Guanaxayum]]||''Guanajay''||{{commas|28429}}||{{commas|113}}|| |- |[[Guines]]||''Güines''||{{commas|68951}}||{{commas|445}}|| |- |[[Crescentia Comae]]||''Güira de Melena''||{{commas|37838}}||{{commas|178}}|| |- |[[Xarucum]]||''Jaruco''||{{commas|25658}}||{{commas|276}}|| |- |[[Madruga]]||''Madruga''||{{commas|30640}}||{{commas|464}}|| |- |[[Marielum]]||''Mariel''||{{commas|42504}}||{{commas|269}}|| |- |[[Coma Meridionalis]]||''Melena del Sur''||{{commas|20445}}||{{commas|227}}|| |- |[[Nova Pax]]||''Nueva Paz''||{{commas|24277}}||{{commas|515}}|| |- |[[Quivicanum]]||''Quivicán''||{{commas|29253}}||{{commas|283}}|| |- |[[Sanctus Antonius Balneorum]]||''San Antonio de los Baños''||{{commas|46300}}||{{commas|127}}|| |- |[[Sanctus Iosephus Lagenarum]]||''San José de las Lajas''||{{commas|69375}}||{{commas|591}}|| |- |[[Sanctus Nicolaus (Cuba)|Sanctus Nicolaus]]||''San Nicolás''||{{commas|21563}}||{{commas|242}}|| |- |[[Sancta Crux Septemtrionalis]]||''Santa Cruz del Norte''||{{commas|32576}}||{{commas|376}}|| |} ==== Communia Provinciae Matansansis ==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Commune cum Latinizato nomine!!Commune Hispanice!!Incolae<br />(2004)!!Area<br />(km²)!!Nota |- |[[Calimetum]]||''Calimete''||{{commas|29736}}||{{commas|958}}|| |- |[[Cardinae (Cuba)|Cardinae]]||''Cárdenas''||{{commas|103087}}||{{commas|566}}|| |- |[[Palus Zapatae]]||''Ciénaga de Zapata''||{{commas|8750}}||{{commas|4320}}||[[Litus Longum (Cuba)|Litus Longum]] (Hispanice ''Playa Larga'') |- |[[Columbopolis (Cuba)|Columbopolis]]||''Colón''||{{commas|71579}}||{{commas|597}}|| |- |[[Xagueyum Magnum]]||''Jagüey Grande''||{{commas|57771}}||{{commas|882}}|| |- |[[Iovellanopolis]]||''Jovellanos''||{{commas|58685}}||{{commas|505}}|| |- |[[Limonopolis]]||''Limonar''||{{commas|25421}}||{{commas|449}}|| |- |[[Erythroxylopolis]]||''Los Arabos''||{{commas|25702}}||{{commas|762}}|| |- |[[Martipolis]]||''Martí''||{{commas|23475}}||{{commas|1070}}|| |- |[[Urbs Matanzensis]]<ref name="Matansansis" />||''Matanzas''||{{commas|143706}}||{{commas|317}}||Provinciale caput |- |[[Petrus Betancourt (Cuba)|Petrus Betancourt]]||''Pedro Betancourt''||{{commas|32218}}||{{commas|388}}|| |- |[[Pericum]]||''Perico''||{{commas|31147}}||{{commas|278}}|| |- |[[Coniugium Regum]]||''Unión de Reyes''||{{commas|40022}}||{{commas|856}}|| |- |[[Siccum Navale (Cuba)|Siccum Navale]]||''Varadero''||{{commas|24681}}||{{commas|32}}|| |} ==== Communia provinciae Tunarum ==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Commune cum Latinizato nomine!!Commune Hispanice!!Incolae<br />(2004)!!Area<br />(km²)!!Nota |- |[[Amantiopolis]]||''Amancio''||{{commas|41523}}||{{commas|857}}|| |- |[[Columbia (Cuba)|Columbia]]||''Colombia''||{{commas|32942}}||{{commas|563}}|| |- |[[Iesus Menéndez (Cuba)|Iesus Menéndez]]||''Jesús Menéndez''||{{commas|51002}}|| |- |[[Mombinopolis]]||''Jobabo''||{{commas|49403}}||{{commas|884}}|| |- |[[Maxibacoa]]||''Majibacoa''||{{commas|40264}}||{{commas|621}}||[[Calixtopolis (Cuba)|Calixtopolis]] (Hispanice ''Calixto'') |- |[[Manatopolis]]||''Manatí''||{{commas|33573}}||{{commas|953}}|| |- |[[Portus Pater]]||''Puerto Padre''||{{commas|93705}}||{{commas|1178}}|| |- |[[Victoria Tunarum]]||''Victoria de Las Tunas''||{{commas|187438}}||{{commas|891}}||Provinciale caput |} ==== Communia provinciae Pineti ad Flumen ==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Commune cum Latinizato nomine!!Commune Hispanice!!Incolae<br />(2004)!!Area<br />(km²)!!Nota |- |[[Sinus Profunda (Cuba)|Sinus Profunda]]||''Bahía Honda''||{{commas|45968}}||{{commas|784}}|| |- |[[Candelaria (Cuba)|Candelaria]]||''Candelaria''||{{commas|19523}}||{{commas|299}}|| |- |[[Consolatio Meridionalis]]||''Consolación del Sur''||{{commas|87500}}||{{commas|1112}}|| |- |[[Guanum]]||''Guane''||{{commas|35893}}||{{commas|717}}|| |- |[[Palma (Cuba)|Palma]]||''La Palma''||{{commas|35426}}||{{commas|621}}|| |- |[[Anactoropolis]]||''Los Palacios''||{{commas|38950}}||{{commas|786}}|| |- |[[Mantua (Cuba)|Mantua]]||''Mantua''||{{commas|26065}}|| |- |[[Fodinae Matahambrenses]]||''Minas de Matahambre''||{{commas|34419}}||{{commas|858}}|| |- |[[Pinetum ad Flumen]]|||''Pinar del Río''||{{commas|190532}}||{{commas|708}}||Provinciale caput |- |[[Sanctus Christophorus (Cuba)|Sanctus Christophorus]]||''San Cristóbal''||{{commas|70830}}||{{commas|936}}|| |- |[[Sanctus Ioannes et Martínez]]||''San Juan y Martínez''||{{commas|45061}}||{{commas|409}}|| |- |[[Sanctus Ludovicus (Pinetum ad Flumen)|Sanctus Ludovicus]]||''San Luis''||{{commas|34085}}||{{commas|765}}|| |- |[[Sandinopolis]]||''Sandino''||{{commas|39245}}||{{commas|1718}}|| |- |[[Vineales (Cuba)|Vineales]]||''Viñales''||{{commas|27129}}||{{commas|704}}|| |} ==== Communia provinciae Sancti Spiritus ==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Commune cum Latinizato nomine!!Commune Hispanice!!Incolae<br />(2004)!!Area<br />(km²)!!Nota |- |[[Cabaeguanum]]||''Cabaiguán''||{{commas|67224}}||{{commas|597}}|| |- |[[Fomentum (Cuba)|Fomentum]]||''Fomento''||{{commas|33528}}||{{commas|471}}|| |- |[[Xatibonicum]]||''Jatibonico''||{{commas|42708}}||{{commas|276}}|| |- |[[Ophidopolis (Cuba)|Ophidopolis]]||''La Sierpe''||{{commas|16937}}||{{commas|1035}}|| |- |[[Sancti Spiritus (Cuba)|Sancti Spiritus]]||''Sancti Spíritus''||{{commas|133843}}||{{commas|1151}}||Provinciale caput |- |[[Taguascum]]||''Taguasco''||{{commas|36365}}||{{commas|518}}|| |- |[[Trinitas (Cuba)|Trinitas]]||''Trinidad''||{{commas|73466}}||{{commas|1155}}|| |- |[[Yaguaxayum]]||''Yaguajay''||{{commas|58938}}||{{commas|1032}}|| |} ==== Communia provinciae Sancti Iacobi Cubae ==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Commune cum Latinizato nomine!!Commune Hispanice!!Incolae<br />(2004)!!Area<br />(km²)!!Nota |- |[[Naucleropolis]]||''Contramaestre''||{{commas|101832}}||{{commas|610.3}}|| |- |[[Guama (Cuba)]]||''Guamá''||{{commas|35516}}||{{commas|964.6}}||[[Chiviricus]] (Hispanice ''Chivirico'') |- |[[Mellapolis]]||''Mella''||{{commas|33667}}||{{commas|335.2}}|| |- |[[Roystonea Sorianensis]]||''Palma Soriano''||{{commas|124585}}||{{commas|845.8}}|| |- |[[Sanctus Ludovicus (Sanctus Iacobus Cubae)|Sanctus Ludovicus]]||''San Luis''||{{commas|88496}}||{{commas|498}}|| |- |[[Sanctus Iacobus Cubae]]||''Santiago de Cuba''||{{commas|472255}}||{{commas|1023.8}}||Provinciale caput |- |[[Secundum Agmen]]||''Segundo Frente''||{{commas|40885}}||{{commas|540}}|| [[Mayarium Superius]] (Hispanice ''Mayarí Arriba'') |- |[[Songum-Maya]]||''Songo-La Maya''||{{commas|100287}}||{{commas|721}}|| [[Maya (Cuba)|Maya]] (Hispanice ''La Maya'') |- |[[Tertium Agmen]]||''Tercer Frente''||{{commas|30457}}||{{commas|364}}||[[Compitum Balneorum]] (Hispanice ''Cruce de los Baños'') |} ==== Communia provinciae Villae Clarae ==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Commune cum Latinizato nomine!!Commune Hispanice!!Incolae<br />(2004)!!Area<br />(km²)!!Nota |- |[[Caebarienum]]||''Caibarién''||{{commas|38064}}||{{commas|212}}|| |- |[[Camaxuanium]]||''Camajuaní''||{{commas|63544}}||{{commas|614}}|| |- |[[Centumfontes (Cuba)|Centumfontes]]||''Cifuentes''||{{commas|33391}}||{{commas|512}}|| |- |[[Corralillum]]||''Corralillo''||{{commas|27571}}||{{commas|843}}|| |- |[[Diabasiopolis (Cuba)|Diabasiopolis]]||''Encrucijada''||{{commas|33641}}||{{commas|345}}|| |- |[[Manicaragua]]||''Manicaragua''||{{commas|73370}}||{{commas|1063}}|| |- |[[Plateulae]]||''Placetas''||{{commas|71837}}||{{commas|601}}|| |- |[[Crematum Guinium]]||''Quemado de Güines''||{{commas|22590}}||{{commas|338}}|| |- |[[Fundulus]]||''Ranchuelo''||{{commas|59062}}||{{commas|556}}|| |- |[[Remedia (Cuba)|Remedia]]|||''Remedios''||{{commas|46482}}||{{commas|560}}|| |- |[[Sagua Magna]]||''Sagua la Grande''||{{commas|56097}}||{{commas|661}}|| |- |[[Sancta Clara (Cuba)|Sancta Clara]]||''Santa Clara''||{{commas|237581}}||{{commas|514}}||Provinciale caput |- |[[Sanctus Dominicus (Cuba)|Sanctus Dominicus]]||''Santo Domingo''||{{commas|53840}}||{{commas|883}}|| |} == Historia == [[Fasciculus:TommyImages.com-Cuba 0959 Hatuey.jpg|thumb|left|170px|Simulacrum Hatuey, principis Taini; [[Baracoa]]e.]] === Colonia Hispaniae === [[Fasciculus:Bahía y Castillo de Jagua 19 de abril de 2013 .jpg|thumb|Jagua Castellum]] Primitus [[Indi Americani|indigenae Americani]], [[Taini]] dicti, Cubam [[habitatio|habitabant]]. Ei [[tabaccum]] colebant et domus ex [[Arecaceae|palmae]] foliis construebant. [[Christophorus Columbus]] prima [[navigatio]]num suarum in Americam factarum in Cubam perductus die [[27 Octobris]] [[1492]], insulam putabat esse partem [[Asia]]e. [[Duo]] decennia postea, circa annum [[1510]], [[Didacus Velázquez de Cuéllar]] insulam regno Hispano subigere coepit. Quod ut facilius eveniret, Velázquez anno [[1512]] in orientali insulae parte [[oppidum]] [[Baracoa]]m condidit ubi a principio praesidium suum posuit, deinde per totam terram Cubanam annis [[1513]]–[[1515]] [[sex]] [[oppidum|oppida]] addita: Bayamopolim ([[1513]]), [[Trinitas (Cuba)|Trinitatem]], [[Urbs Sancti Spiritus (Cuba)|Sancti Spiritus urbem]], [[Avana]]m ([[1514]] vel 1515), [[Camagueya]]m ([[1515]]), [[Sanctus Iacobus Cubae|Sanctum Iacobum Cubae]] ([[1515]]); a quo anno in urbem S. Iacobi praesidium movit. Avana ad litus septentrionale anno [[1519]] mota caput gubernationis facta est. [[Hatueyus]] et [[Guama (Taini)|Guama]], Taini principes, pro sua parte cum Hispanis bellaverunt concursationis modo, gregibus dispersis celatisque, annos [[1510]]–[[1550]].<ref>Quae forma belli hodie ''guerrilla'' Hispanice dicitur.</ref> Propter Tainorum belli modum, Hispanis vicatim erant debellandi, ut vici indigenae integri perderentur Tainique in servitutem abducerentur. Hodie iam non exstant Taini, cum aut Hispanis permixti sunt aut morbis [[Europa]]eis [[Africa]]nisque interierunt aut ab Hispanis interfecti sunt. [[Fasciculus:Jose Marti head.jpg|thumb|[[Iosephus Marti]], qui annos [[1875]]–[[1895]] libertatem Cubanam moliebatur.]] Cuba, imperii Hispani pars usque ad annum [[1898]], fuit ultima [[colonia]] Americana quae sua [[libertas|libertate]] ab Hispania adeptura erat. Primitus divitia Cubana constabant ex armentis qua homines pro coriis et [[caro|carne]] salsa utuntur. Postea divitia constabat in [[saccharum|sacchari]] cannae productione. Ad labores villarum agendas Hispani multos [[servus|servos]] [[Africa]]nos intulerunt ut hodie populi Cubani essent 36 centesimae [[phyle Caucasia|Caucasii]], 11 centesimae [[Nigritae]], et 51 centesimae [[Mulati]] (qui partim Caucasii et partim Nigritae sunt). Anno [[1884]], Cuba fuit paenultima civitas in [[Hemisphaerium Occidentale|Hemisphaerio Occidentali]] quae servitutem omnino abrogavit.<ref>Ultima fuit [[Brasilia]], anno [[1888]].</ref> === Amor libertatis === [[Saeculum 19|Saeculo undevicesimo]], amor [[libertas|libertatis]] a populis Cubanis ostendebatur in tribus seditionibus: [[Bellum Decem Anni]] ([[1868]]–[[1878]]), [[Bellum Parvum]] ([[1879]]–[[1880]]), et [[Bellum Anni 95]] ([[1895]]–[[1898]]). Die [[25 Martii]] [[1895]], [[Iosephus Marti]] et [[Maximus Gomez]] ''Edictum Montecristi'' ediderunt, in quo declaraverunt libertatem Cubae, finem distinctionum legalum inter progenies, amicitiam cum Hispanis qui libertatem Cubanam non oppugnabant, et bellum contra Hispanos gerendum qui libertatem compescunt. Postea, die [[11 Aprilis]] [[1895]], Martí, Gómez, et sui prope [[Baracoa]]m exposuerunt, et continuo bellum coepierunt. In bello longissimo erant heroes Hispani, sicut [[Eligius Gonzalo]], et erant heroes Cubani, sicut Martí ipse qui in bello mortem obiit. Post tandem tres annos, libertatem Cubanam adiuvandi casu et colonias Hispaniae cupientes, [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] die [[23 Aprilis]] [[1898]] bellum cum Hispania sumpserunt, et post tres menses, die [[17 Iulii]] [[1898]], Hispania succubuit. In [[Foedus Lutetiae (1898)|Lutetiae Foedere]] anni [[1898]], die [[10 Decembris]] [[1898]] signato, Hispania libertatem Cubanam agnoscere condixit et suas terras insulares [[Philippinae|Philippinas]], [[Guama]]m, et [[Portus Dives|Portum Dives]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] tradidit. Quia Philippinae solum post indutiam se tradiderant,<ref>Vide etiam [[Ultimi Philippinarum]].</ref> Civitates Foederatae pro insulis Philippinis Hispaniam $20 milionibus luerunt, sed Cuba suam libertatem non statim attigit. CFA quattuor annos usque ad annum [[1902]] Cubam occupaverunt, et deinde Cubam decesserunt solum postquam Cubani emendationem Platt constitutionibus suis addiderant. Haec emendatio illis CFA dedit postestatem ad Cubam irrumpendam siquando praeses Americanus sentiat interventum esse necessarium. Emendatio quoque Civitatibus Foederatis dedit parvulam partem Cubae orientalis in [[Sinus Guantanamus|Sinu Guantanamo]], ut Civitates Foederatae classis stationem ibi haberent. Ut Cubani emendiationem Platt odiosam abrogent, Cuba et Civitates Foederatae novum foedus anno [[1934]] approbaverunt, in quo Cubani iterum regionem in Sinu Guantanamo Civitatibus Foederatis dederunt locario monetae aureae $2000 per annum.<ref>Anglice: "The United States of America agrees and covenants to pay to the Republic of Cuba the annual sum of two thousand dollars, in gold coin of the United States, as long as the former shall occupy and use said areas of land by virtue of said agreement"; vide etiam [https://web.archive.org/web/20030813171440/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/cuba/cuba003.htm Foedus Cubanus-Americanus anni 1903] et [https://web.archive.org/web/20070627122832/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/cuba/cuba001.htm Foedus Cubanus-Americanus anni 1934].</ref> === Studium Moncadae === [[Fasciculus:Fidel Castro under arrest after the Moncada attack.jpg|thumb|left|[[Fidelis Castro]] captus anno [[1953]], post impetus Moncadae defectum.]] In [[liber|libro]] ''Studium Moncadae: Orita Regni Fidelis Castro,''<ref>Anglice: [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1984/BLJ.htm The Spirit Of Moncada: Fidel Castro's Rise To Power], 1953–1959. Bockman, Larry (Major USMC), 1984. "In the tradition of the Spanish, Cubans have long sought to choose their leaders based on the cults of "personalismo" (personality) or "caudillo" (charismatic leader). Perhaps the two finest examples of that tradition are the two Cubans who shaped Cuba's destiny from 1933 to the present: Fulgencio Batista Y Zaldivar and Fidel Castro Ruz."</ref> [[Laurentius James]] describit quomodo Cubani solebant principes eligere charismaticos quibus est quaedam persona cultualis. De hoc exempla praeclara sunt [[Fulgentius Batista]] ([[Hispanice]]: ''Fulgencio Batista'') et [[Fidelis Castro]]. Fama Batistae fuit quia ipse de originibus humilibus solum se legere docuit, dein crevit ad campidoctorem, dein centurionem, ducem, et tandem praesidem rei publicae. Batista fuit dux Cubanus ter: in occulto annis [[1933]]–[[1940]], sicut praeses annis [[1940]]–[[1944]], et tyrannus annis [[1952]]–[[1959]]. Inter suam [[tyrannis|tyrannidem]], tam atrociter adversarios suos comprimit ut omnes mox vere res novas appeterent. Fama Castro fuit quia adulescens Batista tam vehementer adversabatur ut die [[26 Iulii]] [[1953]] cum suis universitariis Castrum Moncadam adoriretur. Continuo confacti sunt, Castro capto, sed Castro se defendens dixit: ''Historia me excusabit.''<ref>Hispanice "La historia me absolverá." Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20120427094959/http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/marti-moncada/jm01.html textum integrum orationis defensionis Castri "La Historia me absolverá"].</ref> Batista, suam clementiam Fideli Castro monstrans, solum condemnatum Cuba expellavit, et mox anno [[1957]] Fidelis et sui a [[Mexicum|Mexico]] ad Cubam redierunt in [[celox|celoce]] ''[[Granma (celox)|Granma]]'' ut iterum res novas molirentur in [[mons|montibus]] orientalibus Cubanis. Primitus Civitates Foederatae Batistam adiuvaverunt, quia Batista Americanorum negotia in Cuba adiuvabat, sed postmodo CFA quoque eum putaverunt pernefarium. Cum ille Fidelis Castro res novas molitiens primitus habeat populorum animum, CFA Castrum pecunia et armis adiuvaverunt.<ref>Fons desiderata. Vide etiam paginam Anglicam [[:en:Cuban Revolution#December 1956 to Mid-1958]]</ref> Post nonnullos menses, Castro bellum fortunatum contra Batistam gessit, atque Batista ex Cuba effugit. Castro exultans, [[Avana]]m initus, cives longissima oratione ammonuit ne ei iterum patiuntur tyrranos et cultus personae ambitionisque personalis, sed, ad orationis fines, una e compluribus [[columba|columbis]] solutis Fidelis humerum consessa est. Populus vidit hanc esse signum Dei, et multi genibus prece cecederunt. Fidelis Castro vere factus est heros Cubanus. Magna reverentia erat a populis, quam Fidelis accepit. === Rerum commutatio communista === [[Fasciculus:Cubacrisis 17 Oct 1962.jpg|thumb|left|Photographia ab [[aeroplanum|aeroplano]] U-2 speculatorio anno [[1962]] capta, quae indicia dedit de comparatione missilum nuclearum Cubae.]] Futuro Cubano compendiose postea incerto, mox Fidelis inopinabiliter Cubam ad metam [[Communismus|communistam]] movit. Inter incidentias claves fuerunt displosiones die [[4 Martii]] [[1960]] apud navem ''La Coubre'' Francogallicam quae armas ad Cubam ferebat. Displosiones, quae secundum Fidelem erant culpae [[Agentura Speculatoria Centralis (CFA)|copiae speculatoriae CIA]] [[CFA|Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]], in Fidele produxit epiphaniam quandam. In oratione funebri pro navis mortuis ''La Coubre,'' Fidelis Castro excusabat quodcumque Cuba fecisset contra impetus CFA. Secundum Fidelem, bellum pro summatu Cubano venit ante metam libertatum civium Cubanorum. Sententia revolutionis Cubana futura erat non ''Libertatem aut mortem,'' sed ''Patriam aut mortem''<ref>Inter alia, Fidelis dixit: "Y sin inmutarnos por las amenazas, sin inmutarnos por las maniobras, recordando que un día nosotros fuimos 12 hombres solamente y que, comparada aquella fuerza nuestra con la fuerza de la tiranía, nuestra fuerza era tan pequeña y tan insignificante, que nadie habría creído posible resistir; sin embargo, nosotros creíamos que resistíamos entonces, como creemos hoy que resistimos a cualquier agresión. Y no sólo que sabremos resistir cualquier agresión, sino que sabremos vencer cualquier agresión, y que nuevamente no tendríamos otra disyuntiva que aquella con que iniciamos la lucha revolucionaria: la de la libertad o la muerte. Solo que ahora libertad quiere decir algo más todavía: libertad quiere decir patria. Y la disyuntiva nuestra sería ''patria o muerte''"; Vide etiam [http://www.cuba.cu/gobierno/discursos/1960/esp/f050360e.html omne quid dixit Fidelis Castro oratione funebris 5 Martii 1960]</ref>. Castro huic sententiae congruens metas suas anteriores de constitutione anni [[1940]] et electionibus liberis renovandis relictura erat. Ad summatum Cubanum, Castro [[Communismus|communismum]] elegit ut formam rectionis patriae. Cum ille tunc omnes societates mercatorias Americanas publicavit,<ref>Vide [http://www.cuba.cu/gobierno/discursos/1960/esp/f060860e.html Fidelis Castro oratoria 6 Augusti 1960 in qua pronuntiat confiscationem bonarum Americanorum].</ref> in [[Talio|talionem]], Civitates Foederatae prohibitiones contra [[merx|mercaturam]] cum Cuba imposuit.<ref>Lege de hoc apud [https://web.archive.org/web/20060603185623/http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/funfacts/embargo.htm Situm interretialem http://www.historyofcuba.com] {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Regimen Fidelis Castro Cubanum omnes ephemerides et [[diarium|diaria]] Cubana rapuit et locutionis ius populi abrogavit. Cum deinde millia Cubanorum ad CFA fugarent, administratio [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]] celeriter armas [[pecunia]]sque exilio dedit ut rectionem Fidelis Castro everterant, sed [[Litus Girone|Litoris Gironis]] invasio eius, quae anno [[1961]] sub administratione [[Ioannes F. Kennedy|Kennedy]] accedit, fuit calamitosa. Communistae victores postea sicut ''contrarrevolutionarios'' accusabant quivis eos incusabant, vel si eos recte incusabant. Castro quidem clericos [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholicos]] expellavit, quia eos quoque accusabat de rebus novis molitiendo.<ref>E pagina Hispanice [[:es:Cuba|de Cuba]]: "En 1962, el gobierno de Castro confiscó y cerró más de 400 escuelas católicas, alegando que difundían ideas contrarrevolucionarias."</ref> [[Fasciculus:Uruguayan schoolchildren.jpg|thumb|Liberi Cubani rudentem salientes ludunt.]] Incidentia{{dubsig}} inter [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitates Foederatas]] et Cubam celeberrima deinde fuit [[Discrimen Missilum Cubanum]] [[14 Octobris|14]]–[[28 Octobris]] [[1962]]. In eo discrimine, [[Unio Sovietica]] coepit [[bomba atomica|missiles nucleares]] contra Civitates Foederatas statuere Cubae, quam ob rem CFA obsideum contra Cubam incohaverunt. Multos dies orbs appropinquavit [[bellum atomicum|bello atomico]] inter Civitates Foederatas et Unionem Sovieticam. Postea autem fuit pactum, discrimen inter Civitates Foederatas et Unionem Sovieticam desinens, ut Civitates Foederatae Cubam numquam irrumpat et URSS numquam missiles nucleares Cubae ponat.<ref>Timothy Naftali, "Word for Word/Khrushchev Unplugged; From the Middle East to Cuba, The Fine Art of Political Bluster," ''New York Times,'' [[14 Septembris]] [[2003]]; vide etiam: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070718100817/http://xld.com/Cuba/embargo/kruschev.htm situm interretialem eorum qui Communistas hodie oppugnant.]</ref> === Hodie === Quamquam Castro metas democraticas celeriter reliquit, metas tamen eruditionis curationisque suas honoravit. Hodie in America solum [[Argentina]], [[Canada]], [[Civitates Foederatae]], [[Trinitas et Tabacum]], et [[Uruguaia]] habent frequentiam analphabetorum minor quam Cuba.<ref>Frequentia analphabetorum anno 2005 est 3.1 centesimae secundum [[:en:List of countries by literacy rate|Frequentia analphabetorum]] {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Cuba quoque nota est pro systemate curationis suo.<ref>Vide paginam Anglicam [[:en:Health Care|"Health Care."]]</ref> Postquam anno [[1993]] [[Russia]] Cubam adiuvare desivit, [[oeconomia]] Cubana dolores magnos passa est, sed civitas systemate communisto continuat etsi cum nonnullis correctionibus.<ref>Hae correctiones "Tempus speciale" a Cubanis appellantur; Lege de hoc apud [https://web.archive.org/web/20150112142759/http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/havana/lperez2.htm situm interretialem http://www.historyofcuba.com] {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> Usque ad hunc diem, propaganda Cubana dicit omnes malos oeconomicos Cubanos esse culpam CFA, CFA continuare obsideum contra Cubam et invasione CFA imminere.<ref>Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20110808233119/http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/speeches/art15.html orationem Fidelis 26 Ianuarii 2006 in diario Cubano Granma.]</ref> Interim, CFA Cubam non obsidunt, sed fere omne [[commercium]] inter cives suos et rectionem Cubanam prohibunt, et solum nonnullos commercios agriculturales cum Cuba et visitationes aiudataque familiaribus personalibus sinunt.<ref>Vide [http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/ar/us-cuba/libertad.htm "Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (Libertad) Act"] et Lege de hoc apud [https://web.archive.org/web/20060603185623/http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/funfacts/embargo.htm situm interretialem http://www.historyofcuba.com] {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Nationi Cubana reditum maxime est ob [[periegesis|periegesem]] internationalem, [[niccolum]] et [[agricultura]]m.<ref>Vide [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2886.htm situm interretialem legationis CFA.]</ref> Exilium Cubanum in CFA constat hodie ex 1.5 milliones (circa 13% ex toto incolarum Cubanorum numero).<ref>Vide de Cubanis in CFA apud [https://web.archive.org/web/20090530080651/http://pewhispanic.org/files/factsheets/23.pdf situm interretialem PEW].</ref> Auxilium remissum a Cubanis qui in Civitatibus Foederatis vivunt etiam significanter ad reditum civitatis figurat. Castro Cubam rexit ab anno [[1959]] usque ad aegritudinem suam anno [[2006]]; postea [[Radulphus Castro|Radulphus]] [[frater]] rexit de facto ob quaestiones [[salus|salutis]] Fidelis. Tandem formaliter die [[19 Februarii]] [[2008]] Castro rectionem suam abdicavit; et die [[24 Februarii]] [[2008]], Radulphus rector Cubae designatus est. == Demographia == Plerique Cubani incolae [[phyle Caucasia|Caucasii]] (70%) ab [[Hispania|Hispanicis]] colonis oriundi sunt, dum [[Mulati]] et [[Nigritae]] (17.3% et 12.4%) praecipui allophyli sunt. Nigritae minus numerosi quam in aliis Magnis Antillis faciliter notantur; historica causa huic phaenomeno est, quia usque ad exeuns [[saeculum 19|saeculum undevicensimo]] Cuba ab Hispanicis colonis non colebatur qui insula velut militari navalique statione utebantur. Quoniam harundineti agricultura deerat in hunc locum Nigriticam servam vim operae portare non opus erat. Anno [[1995]] totius Cubae incolae 11 068 000 hominum summabant. [[Lingua Hispanica]] est publica, qua valde maxima Cubanorum pars sine magnis dialectalibus dissimilitudinibus loquitur et eam igitur nationalem rem uniens elementum assumunt. Eminent urbani incolae (70%) qui praecipue [[Avana]]e densantur, quamquam non eiusdem modi qui Tertii Mundi reliquum pertinet: in Cuba quidem rete parvarum urbium (inter 50 000 et 100 000 incolarum) migratorias fluxiones e rure profectas absorbens factum est. Quod ne Cuba profundam metropolitanarum peripheriarum egestatem patiatur impedivit. [[Fasciculus:Cuba-demography.png|thumb|200px|Cubanae demographiae evolutio.]] [[Natura]]lis [[demographia|demographici]] incrementi index in 0.5 centesimis descendit, sed infantilis mortalitas in mundo minimarum una est (septem per mille). Exspectatio vitae 74 annorum viris et 79 annorum feminis est. Urbanizationis index 75 centesimae est et media spissitudo 102 incolarum pro chiliometro quadrato est; 20% Cubanorum caput [[Avana]]m colit. Cuba polyphyletica societas est cum [[Hispania|Hispanicae]] originis incolis. 70% incolarum a [[phyle Caucasia|Caucasiis]], 17% a [[Mulati]]s et 13% a [[Nigritae|Nigritis]] constituitur. Etiam parva [[Sina (regio)|Sinensium]] communitas adest non minus quam numerosi studentes e [[Sahara Occidentalis|Sahara Occidentali]] et e multis aliis mundi civitatibus profecti. === Religio === Respublica Cubana est [[laicismus|laica]] civitas: reapse civitatis [[atheismus]] anno [[1992]] sublatus est. Circa 50 centesimae Cubanorum atheum se putantur. Diffusissima religio constituta [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana]] est, Catholica religio a circa 33 centesimae colitur, eam sequuntur Afrocubanae religiones ([[Sanctaria]], Hispanice ''Santería''), Africarum Nativarum religionum et Catholicismi Romani permixtio cuius proprietas est ut magna hierarchiae pars a [[mulier]]ibus constituatur et hierarchiae sodales totum candidum (calceis, saccis, umbrella inclusis) induant et quae (a 20%) ample coluntur. Etiam communitas [[Testes Iehovah|Testium Iehovah]] circa 3 centesimae et aliae minores [[Protestantes]], [[Religio Iudaica|Iudaicae]], [[Religio Islamica|Islamicae]] et [[Ecclesiae Orthodoxae|Orthodoxae]] communitates exstant. === Lingua === Cubani [[Hispanice]] utuntur. == Instituta == [[Respublica]] Cubana, velut Cubana [[constitutio]] diei [[24 Februarii]] anni [[1976]] sanxit, [[socialismus|socialistica]] operariorum [[civitas]] est, libera et [[civitas sui iuris|sui iuris]], [[laicismus|laica]], velut unitaria democraticaque respublica (clausula 1) constituta ubi potestas a [[populus|populo]] per Concilia Potestatis Popularis ([[Hispanice]] ''Asambleas del Poder Popular'') exercetur (clausula 3). Anni [[1992]] Constitutionalis emendatio, post disceptationem in omnibus nationis conciliis habitam eventa, novam chartam in [[Iosephus Martí|Iosephi Martí]] ideis et politicis [[Carolus Marx|Caroli Marx]], [[Fridericus Engels|Friderici Engels]] et [[Vladimirus Lenin|Vladimiri Lenin]] exemplaribus inspiratam produxit. Praecipuae mutationes consideraverunt: exterarum pecuniae collocationum sponsionem; religiosae libertatis agnitionem, reverentiam et sponsionem; maiorem exteri commercii flexibilitatem; civium comitia, cum directo secretoque suffragio, ad eligendos seu quattuordecim conciliorum provincialium legatos seu parlamenti legatos. Cuba prima civitas in mundo fuit quae in sua propria constitutione [[oecologia|oecologica]] [[Urbs Fluminensis|Fluminensis]] [[Colloquium Telluris|Colloquii Telluris]] principia accepit. [[Iosephus Martí|Martianae]] et [[Carolus Marx|Marxistico]]-[[Vladimirus Lenin|Leninisticae]] [[Factio Communistica Cubana|Factioni Communisticae Cubanae]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Partido Comunista de Cuba, PCC'') munus "Cubanae nationis constitutae agminis" (clausula 5) assignatur. Candidatos non proponit et minime quidem comitia participat sine concurrentia cum aliis factionibus. === Potestas Exsecutiva === [[Fasciculus:Fidel Castro.jpg|thumb|[[Fidelis Castro]].]] [[Factio Communnistica Cubana|Factionis Communisticae Cubanae]] secretarius in praesenti Dux Civitatis (Praeses Consilii Civitatis) et Dux Gubernationis (Praeses Consilii Ministrorum) est. Consilii Civitatis et Ministrorum sodales a [[Concilium Nationale Potestatis Popularis|Concilio Nationali Potestatis Popularis]] eliguntur. Consilii Ministrorum ei a Consilio Civitatis in Concilii Nationalis Potestatis Popularis absentia. Praeses Concilii Civitatis, invicem a Concilio electus, munus per quinquennium tenet sed limes numero consecutivorum mandatorum quod exerceri potest non est. [[Fidelis Castro]] continenter munus Praesidis de Constitutionis anni 1976 adoptione exercuit, ubi [[Osvaldus Dorticós Torrado|Osvaldum Dorticós Torrado]] substituit. Die [[18 Februarii]] anni [[2008]], post 49 annos praesidentiae, Fidelis Castro ne novam electionem Praesidentiae Consilii Civitatis et Consilii Ministrorum reciperet declaravit. Nunc munus a [[Radulphus Castro|Radulpho Castro]], minore Fidelis [[frater|fratre]] quoque et Imperatore Seditioso ex anno [[1958]], exercetur. === Potestas iudicialis === "Tribunal Populare Supremum", a Concilio Nationali Potestatis Popularis nominatum, maximum Civitatis iudiciale organum et ultima provocatio exhaustorum processuum in Tribunalibus Provincialibus est. === Potestas lgifera === [[Concilium Nationale Potestatis Popularis]] supremum Civitatis organum est. Ei 609 sodales per quinquenne mandatum electi sunt. Bis per annum in sessione ordinaria et in sessione extraordinaria si tertia sodalium pars id poscit, aut a Consilio Civitatis convocatur congregatur. Cum [[potestas legifera]] non congregatur protopraxia 31 sodalium Consilii Civitatis est. Etiam concilia provincialia (quoque quinto anno electa) et municipalia (quoque secundo anno et sexto mense electa) potestatis popularis exstant. == Civilitas == === Politica intestina === Quod [[lex]] Cubana solam factionem communisticam sinit, in electionibus pro quoque munere semper solus est unus candidatus communisiticus eligendus. Lex etiam requirit ut omnes cives adulti suffragia in electionibus ferant. [[Fasciculus:Patria o Muerte.jpg|thumb|Tabula praeconii: ''Patria aut Mors. Vincemus.'']] Comitia [[Concilium Nationale Potestatis Popularis|Concilio Nationali Potestatis Popularis]] in duabus phasibus evoluntur: primo momento candidati per quaedam comitia primaria electi sunt et candidaturae probatio confirmationi consilii comitialis subicitur. Deinceps candidati confirmationi societatis comitialis provincialis subicuntur et eis consequendae sunt media consensionis pars et una plus ut eligantur. Ius suffragandi civibus in censu inscriptis et adultis (aetas praevisa adultitati in Cuba 16 anni est). Suffragatores cuiusque circumscriptionis facultatem quovis momento legati mandati revocandi habent. Suffragium secretum et scrutinium publicum est. Quamquam multae societates ne computatio ab independentibus aut exteris observatoribus suffragiorum verificetur denuntiant. Nulla factio potestatem nominandorum candidatorum aut faciendae expeditionis comitialis habet. Constitutio ius verbi omnium agnoscit sed clausula sexagesima secunda exercitationem libertatum personalium terminat dum ut haec exercitari contra Socialisticam Civitatem et contra popularem voluntatem aedificandi Communismi nequeant firmat. Praesentis regiminis oppositores has condiciones non libertatem comitialium processuum implicare asseverant. === Expeditiones bellicae Cubanae === ==== Angola ==== Mense Novembri [[1975]], postquam [[Portugallia|Lusitani]] abierunt ab [[Angola]], Augustini Nieti factio, Unionis Sovieticae legata, quae Angolae magnam partem regebat, a Castro auxilium militare petivit, ut militia [[Africa Australis|Africae Australis]] ab Angola repellerentur, quam invaserant. Sic [[miles|militum]] Cubanorum triginta milia Africae Australi et eius foederatis Unitae impediverunt agrum angolanum occupare. Militiae Cubanae belli finem contra Africam Australem fecerunt anno [[1988]], cum profligaverunt milites eius in agro Angolano cum suis foederatis [[Namibia]]nis, qui pugnabant pro libertate suae terrae. Eodem anno, mense Decembri, duces [[Africa Australis|Africae Australis]] foedere promiserunt abituros esse ab Angola et Namibia; sic factum est. ==== America Latina ==== ==== Impetus tromocratici in Cubam facti ==== Centena impetus tromocratici adhuc in Cubam effecti sunt, plerique a Fidelis Castro oppositoribus [[Miamia]]m colentibus paratu sunt, et saepissime iussu [[Agentura Speculatoria Centralis (CFA)|Agenturae Speculatoriae Centralis Americanae (CIA)]] ([[Anglice]]: ''Central Intelligence Agency, C.I.A.'').<ref name="fonsvelnexusdesideratus">Fons vel nexus desideratus</ref> Die [[6 Octobris]] [[1976]], civili societatis ''Cubana de Aviación'' aeroplano disploso, 73 homines mortui sunt, inter quos tota iuvenilis [[ars gladiatoria|artis gladiatoriae]] turma Cubana. In alio impetu prope xenodochium Copacabanae capitis Cubani, die [[4 Septembris]] [[1997]] [[Italia|Italus]] [[Fabius Di Celmo]], solum 32 annos natus, perivit. Anno [[2003]] decena tromocraticorum attentatorum anticastristicis cellulis perpetratorum contra periegeticas infrastructuras aut directe contra publica transvectionis media confirmata sunt ut gubernatio debilior fiat.<ref name="fonsvelnexusdesideratus"/> Post hos impetus, tres tromocratae peracti et supplicio affectum sunt. Praeterea admonuit de casu [[Fabius Di Celmo|Fabii Di Celmo]], iuvenis Italicus ergolabi cupidi itinerum in Cubam. Paulo post meridiem diei [[4 Septembris]] anni [[1997]] eum interfecit bomba, parvum 50 grammorum rei plasticae C-4 onus sub lecticula in thermopolio Copacabana Miramarensi, in Occidentali Cubani capitis litore, displosit. Minus quam annum postea, Iulio anni [[1998]], in exacto loco ubi Fabius mortuus est, aerea caelatura cum suo simulacro et inscriptione in memoriam et admonitionem huius barbariei actus collocata est. Attentator, Cruz León, capite damnatus et adhuc in [[Avana]]e carcere occlusus est.<ref name="fonsvelnexusdesideratus"/> Multi huius impetus fuerunt culpa Agenturae Speculatoriae Centralis Americanae CIA et Anticastristarum Miamiensium (in [[Florida]]) secundum aliquot abstrasa documenta anno [[2005]] a CIA declassificata.<ref name="fonsvelnexusdesideratus" /> == Index Evolutionis Humanae == === Eruditionis ordinatio === [[Fasciculus:Young cuban pioneers (Moncadistas).jpg|thumb|Iuvenissimi praecursores in schola]] Cubana schola e [[sex]] ad [[sedecim]] annos "obligatoria" et tota gratuita est, universitate inclusa. Civitas studentibus scholastica instrumenta, diaconiam refectorii et adhuc hospitium ut universitas frequentetur gratis praebet. Multi studentes e nationibus Americae Latinae et Tertii Mundi profecti Cubanam universitatem frequentant sine ullo sumptu. Fere 97.3% adultorum incolarum alphabetizatum est. Per [[decennium 197]] Cubana Gubernatio massivam popularis alphabetizationis operationem magnopere voluit: apertae sunt novae [[schola]]e et novi studii loci, praesertim in regionibus rusticis, [[bibliotheca]]e in regiones rusticas introductae sunt, et scholae privatae et parochiales publicatae sunt. In civitate sedem habent multae [[universitas|universitates]], quarum praecipuissima est Universitas [[Avana]]e, anno [[1728]] condita; in capite quoque sedem habent praecipuissima [[cultura]]lia{{dubsig}} Cubana instituta, sicut bibliotheca nationalis ubi amplius duo miliones librorum sunt: Museum nationale et Museum coloniale, ambo Civitate geruntur. Instructio in cyclos [[tres]] dividitur; scholam primariam (ex [[quattuor]] vel [[quinque]] annis ad [[decem]]); scholam secundariam (ex [[undecim]] ad [[quattuordecim]] annis) et scholam praeuniversitariam, e [[quattuordecim]] ad [[duodeviginti]] annis. In schola primaria, primae disciplinae ab uno magistro docentur. In schola secundaria, [[puer]]i post meridiem student, dum mane ruri labores faciunt. In praeuniversitaria schola magistrorum propositum ut proprium futurum eligere sciant facere est. Hoc scholae genus ruri est, cum bibliothecis et studii aulis. Anno quoque gratis scholaticae vestes et studii instrumenta (sicut v.gr. adversaria scholastica) dantur. === Systema valetudinarium === Nationale systema valetudinarium omnino gratuitum est cuius [[medicina|medicamentosus]] sumptus Civitate solvetur. Per [[Ernestus Guevara|Ernesti Guevara]] res novas, tunc ministri industriae, adoptatum est. == Oeconomia == Ante [[Fidelis Castro]] gubernationem, insularis oeconomia, in [[Saccharum officinarum|sacchari officinarum]] monocultura fundata, [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] opibus capitalibus dominabatur. [[Res Novae|Seditiosa]] gubernatio publicam agriculturam, industriam, argentarias diaconiasque nationales fecit et e [[Decennium 197|Decennio 197]] obsignatur coniunctissimum mutui auxilii`pactum cum [[Unio Rerum Publicarum Socialisticarum Sovieticarum|Unione Rerum Publicarum Socialisticarum Sovieticarum]] per quod Cuba plerumque sacchari pro [[petroleum|petroleo]], pecuniario militarique auxilio dabat. Systema in crisem [[Decennium 199|Decennio 199]] intravit propter sacchari pretii decrementum in internationali mercatu. Sine Socialistici characteris renuntiatione, ineunte [[Decennium 200|decennio 200]] gubernatio partialem mercatus transitionem expedivit (liberales professiones, apertionem versus exteram collocationem pecuniariam). Prominens oeconomiae character discrepantia inter campos relative efficientes sicut periegesem et exportationes et domesticos campos inefficientes est. Cubana oeconomia vi percussa ineunte [[decennium 200|decennio 200]] est propter [[Unio Rerum Publicarum Socialisticarum Sovieticarum|Unionis Sovieticae]] et oeconomicae molis [[Consilium Auxilii Mutui Oeconomici|Consilii Auxilii Mutui Oeconomici]] ([[lingua Russica|Russice]]: Сове́т Экономи́ческой Взаимопо́мощи, СЭВ) collapsum, cum quo praecipue mercaturas faciebat. [[CFA|Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[prohibitio commercii]], quae a Cubanis "obsidio" ([[Hispanice]]: ''bloqueo'') nominatur, ineunte [[decennium 197|decennio 197]] vigens, ne Cubana oeconomia evolvatur impedit reprimendis importationibus exportationibusque cum [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]]. Octobri mense anni [[2007]] Consilium Generale [[Nationes Unitae|Nationum Unitarum]] decimosextam motionem probavit (cum 184 suffragiis faventibus, 3 absentibus, 4 contrariis [[Insulae Marsalienses|Insularum Marsaliensium]], [[Israel (civitas)|Israelis]], [[Belavia]]e, et [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] et [[Micronesia]]e abstentione) ut [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] prohibitionis amotio postuletur. Inter recentissima problemata carum [[petroleum|petrolei]] pretium, difficultas annonae in praecipuis mercatibus qui [[saccharum]] et [[niccolum]] exportent, damna [[Typhon marinus|huracanis]] provocata, periegetica depressio et instabiles mundanae oeconomicae condiciones sunt. Inter annum [[2003]] exeuntem et annum [[2004]] ineuntem, tam periegesis quantitas quam niccoli pretia et Cubanum commercium cum [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]], quamquam nummaria commercialisque prohibitio, auxerunt. Grandes [[commercium|commerciales]] necessitudines gubernatione cum [[Venetiola]] praesidis [[Hugo Chávez|Chávez]] secundum Paniberoamericanam opticam sumptae sunt. Alia praecipua res efficiens in Cubanae oeconomiae recuperatione emigrantium pecuniariae missiones sunt. Transitio gubernationis [[Fidelis Castro]] versus gubernationem [[Radulphus Castro|Radulphi Castro]] aliquot liberalizationis rationes attulit: Civitatis terrarum incultarum distibutio, salarii incrementum eis qui operi intenti sunt magis. === Opes oeconomicae === [[Fasciculus:Tobacco field cuba1.jpg|thumb|Cubanum tabaci harundinetum]] Per [[decennium 197]], gubernationi Cubanae [[silva]]e tuendae sunt propter praecedentem desilvationem. Gubernatio in tota insula per resilvationem programmata egit quae silvas 27.7 centesimae territorii recuperare fecerunt; lignum praesertim productum [[pinus|pini]] est. [[Piscatus]] industria a parvis operatoribus et cooperativis geritur; gubernatio piscatus evolutionem incitavit qui quotannis incrementum obtinuit. Insulae praecipuae [[metallum|metallicae]] opes sunt, inter quas excellunt praesertim [[niccolum|niccoli]] (cuius Cuba una principalium civitatum productoriarum mundanarum est) deposita, et quoque [[Chromium|chromii]], [[cuprum|cupri]], [[ferrum|ferri]], et [[Manganum|mangani]] deposita et parva [[petroleum|petrolei]], [[asbestus|asbesti]], [[sulphur]]is, [[pyrite]]s, et [[sal]]is deposita sunt. Quae unum camporum praecipuissimorum Cubanarum exportationum constituunt sed commercialis prohibitionis causa leviter conlapsa sunt. [[Decennium 197|Decennio 197]] ineunte, civitas omnes exteras industrias (praesertim [[Civitates Foederatae]]) in [[insula]] adstantes fecit, gubernatio [[saccharum|saccharicae]] industriae automatismi programma iaculata est; adhuc lactocaseicam industriam et fundos denuo ordinaverunt. In civitate [[textile|textilis]], [[alimentum|alimentaria]], [[tabacum|tabaci]] industriae et [[petroleum|petrolei]] ergasteria quoque sunt; sed minima [[caementum|caementi]], [[cervisia]]e, [[chalybis]], et fimorum [[chemia|chemicorum]] productio est. [[Electricitas|Electrica]] civitatis [[energia]] praesertim petroleo, [[carbo]]ne, aut [[saccharum officinarum|sacchari officinarum]] reliquis altis ergasteriis gignitur. In [[Urbs Centumfocensis|Centumfocensi]] vicinitate ergasterium atomicum aedificatur. === Exportationes === Anno [[2005]], Cubanae exportationes 2.4 miliones [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum]] produxerunt. Principales nationes versus quas exportationes diriguntur [[Nederlandia]] (18,5%), [[Canada]] (18,5%), [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum|Sina]] (16%), [[Bermuda]] (14%) et [[Hispania]] (5,1%) sunt. Exportata bona praecipue saccharum, [[niccolum]], [[tabacum]], [[piscatus]], et pharmaceutica producta sunt. Cuba una principalium mundanarum productoriarum [[saccharum|sacchari]] civitatum fuit, et circa 6,4% mundani niccoli [[mercator|mercatus]] dominatur. Nuper vasta [[petroleum|petrolifera]] deposita septentrione insulae inventa sunt. === Importationes === Anno [[2005]], Cuba bona per 6.9 miliones [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum]] importavit et sui principales commerciales socii hoc sensu [[Venetiola]] (27%), [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum|Sina]] (15.8%), [[Hispania]] (9.7%), [[Germania]] (6.5%), [[Canada]] (5.6%), [[Italia]] (4.4%) et [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (4.4%) fuerunt. Prominentes alimentariorum, fomitum, vestium, et technologicorum productorum generum importationes fuerunt. === Communicationis viae === Viis communicationis [[clima]] non favet quod crebra [[typhon marinus|huracana]] provocat. Adsunt septem portus: [[Urbs Centumfocensis|Centumfocensis]], [[Avana]], [[Hippomanepolis]], [[Marielum]], [[Urbs Matansansis|Matansansis]], [[Novettae]], et [[Sanctus Iacobus Cubae|Sanctus Iacobus]] ([[Hispanice]]: ''Cienfuegos, L'Avana, Manzanillo, Mariel, Matanzas, Nuevitas, Santiago'' respective). === Periegesis === [[Fasciculus:Varadea beach.jpg|thumb|[[Siccum Navale (Cuba)|Sicci Navalis]] ([[Hispanice]]: ''Varadero'') litus]] [[Periegesis]] in Cuba magnopere evolvitur, unum praecipuissimorum insularis oeconomiae motrorum fiens, [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis]] impositae prohibitionis commercialis prelo artata. Praeter officialem magnorum deversoriorum et pagorum cum actionibus delectandi causa periegesem Civitate iuxta cum privatis [[pecunia]]rum collocatoribus gestam, periegesis ab ipso facta campum capit, propter nominatas ''casas particulares'' litteraliter ''domus particulares'' quae periegetistas adventurosas cum Cubanis familiis cum convenientibus pretiis pernoctare permittunt. In hoc casu, praeter ientaculum, locales res cuppedinarias seu in prandio seu in cena degustare possunt. Ibi plene spiritus hospitii Cubanorum vivitur. Ad ex Cuba telephonandum in exteras civitates praesolutionis tabella ([[Hispanice]]: ''tarjeta'') uti opportunissimum est; quod immediate sumptus pretium cognoscere permittit. == Natura circumiecta == === Flora === [[Fasciculus:Palme cuba.jpg|thumb|left|Roystonea regia in Cubano litore]] Cubana [[flora (summatio)|flora]] valde varia et suggestiva est, ob plus quam 8000 [[species (taxinomia)|specierum]]. [[Silva pluvialis]] in aliquibus montuosae zonae locis densatur. Planities et aliquantum alta oropedia primis Hispanicae occupationis saeculis desilvata sunt ut pretiosis [[lignum|lignis]], praesertim, [[anacartium|anacartio]] et [[lignum sagalinum|sagalino]], praecipue ad [[navis|naves]] construendas uterentur. Hodie pro his [[arbor]]ibus decenae milium [[chiliometrum quadratum|chiliometrorum quadratorum]] cultionum, praecipue ''[[Saccharum officinarum|Sacchari officinarum]]'' sed etiam ''[[Nicotiana tabacum|tabaci]],'' [[citrus|citrorum]], ''[[Zea mays|maizi]],'' [[Coffea|coffeae]], et [[Agave (planta)|agaves]] qua ad funes fabricandas utuntur, patent. Dulcis Cubanus aspectus praesentia ''[[Roystonea regia|Roystoneae regiae]]'' valde characterizatur quae vel in magnis vel in parvis circulis vel sola ubiquaque in civitate crescit, cuius amplius 70 milliones speciminum sunt. ''Roystonea regia'' in insigne rem publicam repraesentante inseritur; cum eius foliis, specialiter duris, multis saeculis abhinc tecta ruralium domorum, fiscos et funes fabricantur. [[Flos publicus]] est ''[[Hedychium coronarium]],'' cuius nomen [[Hispanice]], ''mariposa,'' '[[papilio]]nem' significat, quia eius [[color]] et forma papilionis similes sunt. In Cuba, praecipua cultio procul dubio ''[[Saccharum officinarum|Sacchari officinarum]]'' est, cuius cultio et eius [[industria]] recentioribus annis magna modernizatione fructae sunt, quae inter novas machinarias et fimos insigniter messis [[quantitas|quantitatem]], circa septem milliones [[tonna]]rum quotannis aestimatam, auxit. Alia multi ponderis productio est ''[[Nicotiana tabacum]],'' non tantum ob obtentum lucrum, sed ob famam in praesenti toto in mundo firmata. === Fauna === [[Fasciculus:Cubaanse Trogon.jpg|thumb|''[[Priotelus temnurus]]'']] [[Fauna]] varia et abundans est et [[species]] [[venenum|venenosae]], seu [[insecta|insectorum]], seu [[reptilia|reptilium]] seu [[piscis|piscium]], non sunt. [[Iguana]], monstruosa sed innocua, multis in insulae zonis adest. In locis [[palus|paludosis]], [[crocodylus]] et [[Alligatoridae|caiman]] adsunt, qui tria metra longi attingere possunt. Quia in periculo [[exstinctio]]nis species sunt, gubernatio Cubana regiones ad haec magna [[reptilia]] protegenda constituit. In [[litus|litoribus]] pullulant [[avis marina|aves marinae]], inter quas variae [[sterna]]rum, [[Phalacrocorax carbo|phalacrocoracum]], et [[pelecanus|pelecanorum]] species discernuntur. Generatim avium praesentia abundat. Clarus est ''[[Priotelus temnurus]],'' quidam [[psittacus]] qui, cum suis formosis [[albus|albis]], [[ruber|rubris]], et [[azureus|azureis]] plumis, civitatis [[vexillum|vexilli]] [[color]]es imitatur. [[Aqua]]e Cubanae, praecipue prope [[scopulus curalii|scopulos curalii]], extraordinarium multicolorum [[piscis|piscium]] dimensionem dissimilium spectaculum offerunt, inter quos ''[[Sparisoma cretense]],'' [[amphiprioninae]], et [[pomacanthidae]]. Hoc mirificum spectaculum locus destinationis decadum subaquaticorum periegetarum e toto mundo est. In regionibus paludosis, [[crocodylus]] et [[caiman]] adsunt, qui tria metra longi attingere possunt. Quia in periculo exstinctionis species sunt, gubernatio Cubana regiones ad haec magna [[reptilia]] protegenda constituit. == Cultura == Cuba est secunda civitas in mundo ob indicem [[alphabetismus|alphabetizationis]] secundum relatum 2007–2008 [[Programma Consociationis Nationum pro Evolutione|Programmate Consociationis Nationum pro Evolutione]]. === Litterae === Inter Cubanos [[scriptor]]es notissimos patriota et civitatis heros [[Iosephus Martí]], [[Geretrudis Gómez de Avellaneda]], [[Iulianus del Casal]], et, recentioribus temporibus, [[Iosephus Lezama Lima]], [[Albertus Bayo]], [[Alexius Carpentier]], [[Reginaldus Arenas]], [[Leonardus Padura Fuentes]], [[Petrus Ioannes Gutiérrez]] excellunt. Quamquam scriptor [[Italus Calvinus]] secundum ortus locum Cubanum erat, reapse in [[Sanctus Iacobus Camporum|Sancto Iacobo Camporum]] ([[Hispanice]]: ''Santiago de las Vegas'') ex Italicis genitoribus natus est, sed, tres annos natus, in [[Italia]]m cum familia emigravit. Memoranda est insuper relatio [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] scriptoris [[Ernestus Hemingway|Ernesti Hemingway]], cum insula cuius domus [[Avana]]e nuper museum facta sit. ==== Poesis ==== Cubana poesis praesertim locis de faunae floraeque ambitu harmoniaque exprimit. Multi vates quidem conceptis ad quotidianam uniuscuiusque vitam ligatissimis utuntur. Nihilominus, parvulus circulus abstracta fortissima concepta exprimens est. === Musica === [[Musica]] Cubana praecipue [[Hispania|Hispanicae]] et [[Africa]]e memoriae est permixtio. Modo valde minore, nihilominus, aliquod [[Asia]]tici ponderis notare possibile{{dubsig}} est quod [[saeculum 19|saeculo undevicensimo]] exeunte, primis e [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum|Sina]] immigrantibus adventis, coepit. [[Cithara Hispanica]] et Africa percussio inconfundibilem proprietatem [[rumba]]e, Cubano musico generi ob [[antonomasia]]m, conferunt. Etiam [[Mare Caribicum|Caribici]] [[salsa]]e rhythmi Cubanae musicae multum debet. Alia praecipua musicalia genera in insula orta sunt, chronologico ordine; [[conga]], [[punctum Guaxirum]] ([[Hispanice]]: ''punto guajiro''), [[guaracia]] (''guaracha''), [[tumba Gallica]] (''tumba francesa''), [[contrasaltatio]] (''contradanza''), [[Avanensis (musica)|avanensis]] (''habanera''), [[trova]], [[cianguium]] (''changui''), [[danzo]] (''danzón''), [[bolarius]] (''bolero''), [[sonus Cubanus|sonus]], [[guaxira]] (''guajira''), [[mambum]] (''mambo''), Afrocubanicum [[iazium Latinum]], [[filinum]] (''filin''), [[ciaciacia]] (''ciaciacia''), [[pacianga]] (''pachanga''), [[nova trova]] (''nueva trova''), [[Songensis (musica)|songensis]] (''songo''), et [[timba]]. Inter praecipuos Cubanos musicos, consociatio ''[[Buena Vista Social Club]]'' [[Compater Secundus|Compatris Secundi]] (Hispanice: ''Compay Segundo''), [[Abraham Ferrer]], [[Silvius Rodríguez]], [[Ernestus Lecuona]], [[Paulus Milanés]], et [[Omara Portuondo]] inveniuntur. === Cinematographia === Inter cinematographicos dispositores [[Thomas Gutiérrez Alea]] memorandus est. == Artes athleticae == Cuba magnam memoriam in [[follis volaticus|folle volatico]],{{dubsig}} seu masculino seu femineo cum magnis technicis sed praesertim physicis lusoribus semper habuit. Nationalis ludus athleticus in Cuba est [[basipila]]. Reapse circulos hominum cuiusvis aetatis hunc ludum in hortis, in foris aut in viis ludentes videre. Cuba dominans natio in Libro Aureo campionatuum totius orbis terrarum cum 25 auris, duobus argentis et duobus aeribus e 37 editionibus est. [[Pugilatio|Pugilatus]] alius principalium ludorum Cubanorum qui, per annos, eam unam nationum prolificissimarum victores in omnibus huius ludi disciplinis praebentem fecit. In [[athletismus|athletismo]], civitas optimos mores in [[saltus in longum|saltu in longum]] et in pedum cursibus habet; clarus [[Albertus Juantorena]], cum duobus nomismatibus aureis [[olympionices]] in 400 et 800 metra in [[1976 Olympia Aestiva|Olympiade Montis Regii anni 1976]], fuit, dum nunc domesticum idolum [[Dayronus Robles]], 110 metra cum obstaculis olympionices in [[2008 Olympia Aestiva|Olympiade Pechini anni 2008]], est. == Gastronomia == Typicus potus Cubanus [[rhomium]] ([[Hispanice]]: ''ron'') est, cum cuius basi [[gallicauda]]e in insula ortae sunt velut [[moxitum]] (''mojito''), [[cubalibera]] (''cubalibre'') et [[daequirium]] (''daiquirí''). Cubani suinae carnis, piscis et faseolorum cum oryza (Hispanice: ''plato de moros y cristianos'' aut ''arroz moro'') magni comsumptores sunt. Quoque varia fructuum et olerum genera multum utuntur. == Homines clari == {{div col|3}} * [[Fulgentius Batista]] * [[Pedro Luis Boitel]] * [[Leo Brower]] * [[Fidelis Castro]] * [[Radulphus Castro]] * [[Maximus Gómez]] * [[Raimundus Grau]] * [[Nicolas Guillén]] * [[Vilma Espin Guillois]] * [[Elianus González]] * [[Ernestus Guevara]] * [[Ernestus Hemingway]] * [[Yoani Sanchez]] * [[Iacobus Lucas Ortega y Alamino]] * [[Gerardus Machado]] * [[Iosephus Marti]] * [[Silvius Rodriguez]] * [[Felix Varela]] {{div col end}} {{NexInt}} *[[Historia Cubae]] *[[Zafra]] == Notae == <references/> {{America}} {{Capsae collectae|Cuba|politica|{{Praesides Cubae}}{{Primi ministri Cubae}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Cubani}}}} {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Geographia}} [[Categoria:Cuba|!]] [[Categoria:Condita 1898]] [[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]] jcwbtw9w8p092lxefxzwo0el1maftdd 3 11442 3966975 3785142 2026-06-27T05:28:51Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Nuntium de pagina brevi facta adumbratione|subst:nuntium de pagina brevi facta adumbratione]]|[[Spider-Man]]}} 3966975 wikitext text/x-wiki Eheu, interlingua non possum uti, ac perfacile est lectu! Tecum loquar, arbitatro tuo, in latine, angice, aut hispanice, elegens de codice in meam paginam relicto linguas quibus possis loqui. Praeferro latine, aut anglice, ut possim loqui hispanice, ac non cum fluentia quam velim. Esto liberus mecum conloqui interlingua, modo non me expecta simile agere =]. Quaesitionem tuum in reddendo, latinam incepit discere in schola, praecipue ad Universitatem MariaeTerrae prope Vasingtoniam DC, ac lareatus sum, et nunc Latinitatem Unam doceo in schola publica. Liguistica maxime mihi placet, et latina modo est una praelatarum lingua mearum. De numeribus...bonus locus invenire numeros magnos est in Rebus Gestae [[Octavianus Augustus|Augusti]]. Apud Vicipaediam, utimur numeris arabicis in articulos scribendo. Sunt facliores legere, et parviores. Pax tibi, et mox conloquemur.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 02:17, 23 Februarii 2006 (UTC) :Non pote comprehender. I can't understand this yet. I 'll feed this to a machin translator.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 02:34, 23 Februarii 2006 (UTC) After careful examination I think I understand this. My (pathetic )translation:Hi! I don't use interlingua ac? but it is easy to read! Tecum? uh bleach...i give up..... returning to your question, I studied in school in University of Mary the Earth in Washington DC and I am larry now latin .....I am pleased with languges.. whatever... Rebus? With Wikipedia and a number of arabs i write in articles.They are facliores reading and small?parviores. Peace to your and mox? with talking? Wow, I can't use interlingua, but it sure is easy to read. I will speak with you, its your choice, in latin, english, or spanish, choosing from the list of languages you left in my profile that you are able to speak. I prefer latin or english, as I know spanish, but not with the fluency I'd like. Feel free to write to me in Interlingua, but dont expect me to do the same =]. In answering your question, I started to study Latin in school, specifically at the University of Maryland near DC, but I have graduated, and now teach Latin One in middle school. I love linguistics, and latin is among my favorite languages. ABout numbers...the best place to find examples of big numbers is in Augustus' ''Res Gestae''. At Vicipaedia, we use arabic numbers when writing articles. They are easier to read, and smaller. Peace, talk toy uo soon.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 03:23, 23 Februarii 2006 (UTC) ==Interlingua== Yes, it seems very easy to use, and if enough people knew it, would be a great lingua franca that people all over Europe could use. Its simplicity, however, is what I find, for lack of a better word, repulsive. It seems to me a forced mesh of languages that developed naturally, so it lacks all poeticality. Further, its grammar behaves differently than all languages it stemmed from (though admittedly, not unlike many of latin's descendants). What interests me about languages is the nuance, the turn of phrase, the intrinsic marks on a language's development as imposed by the collective psyche of its speakers. The other languages may be more difficult, but they are difficult for the reason that they were natural, and were learned as one lived, and not in the course of a day. With their difficulty comes the joy of poetry, and the pleasure of actually thinking the way someone else did, conceivably years after their languaged ceased to be used. I don't mean to slant interlingua, or you for studying it, it just seems that you are attracted to it for the very same reasons that I am not attracted to it.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 04:15, 23 Februarii 2006 (UTC) :On the difficulty of latin...I'm reminded of a line from Ovid: :Perfer et obdura, dolor hic tibi proderit olim :--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 05:58, 9 Martii 2006 (UTC) ::Bear and endure what was painful to you once and benefit/profit? (direct trans) proderit =>prodire -go forth ? --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 06:16, 9 Martii 2006 (UTC) :::Be tough and persevere...this pain will benefit you someday... (prodire literally to go forward, idiomatically benefit or be useful)--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 14:12, 9 Martii 2006 (UTC) == Article [[Philippinae]] == I think I understood your message in general, however, I have no idea of Interlingua. The word ''troppo'' seems to be important ... what does it mean? I had Latin in school for some years, but I've forgotten nearly everything. Luckily reading works in most cases. If you do not care that I do not understand Interlingua and just guess what you are meaning, you can write to me in Interlingua ... or Latin. ;-) For my answers you can choose between German, English and [[Perl]]. --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 19:03, 23 Februarii 2006 (UTC) Thanks for the translation to English. I could see: Interlingua's concept seems to work ... I guessed nearly all of the content :-) BTW, what about having some Babel templates on your user page? --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 22:05, 24 Februarii 2006 (UTC) :I placed the templates but there are none for [[interlingua]] and [[:en:tagalog]]?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 05:22, 28 Februarii 2006 (UTC) ==Emergency response== Yes, declensions are an ugly ugly beast. My only recommendation for understanding them, and then learning to use them, is perseverance and stiff drink...''very'' stiff. Honestly I don't know how the hell the Romans learned to use them thousands of years before whiskey was invented. It helps that the cases are named for what they mean... '''nomin'''ative is the naming case, '''gen'''itive is the case for ownership and belonging (genus, generate), '''dat'''ive is the indirect object case because it indicates recipient of action (from do, dare to give), '''accusa'''tive from accusare, '''ablat'''ive from ab+past participle of ferro, tuli, latus so the case of separation or carrying away, '''voca'''tive and '''loca'''tive kind of obvious. Just be glad it's not Estonian...they have 14-16 cases depending on whom you ask, not the 65-7 that Latin has. And btw...feel free to ask any more specific questions about declensions in Latin, or in any of several other languages.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 04:57, 27 Februarii 2006 (UTC) :Only when I can't find them in the online or hardprint dictionaries, latin aids etc. Gratias ago.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 06:39, 9 Martii 2006 (UTC) == utuntur == If you want a specific thing done, and are not just expressing your thoughts, please write in Latin, Spanish, Italian, or English...I get the gist of Interlingua, but not the nuance.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 03:14, 2 Martii 2006 (UTC) Utuntur is a form of utor, uti, usum est, to use. Ut is a particle and does not have any form other than ut. Delineatibus is not a word, as far as I know, delineatis is, being the ablative/dative plural perfect passive participle of delineo, delineare, delineavi, delineatum, which means the same thing as delineate in english, move from a line or path. As for dictionaries, I went through 3 copies of The New College Latin & English Dictionary by Bantam books during my undergraduate career. As for online, [http://catholic.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/words.exe? William Whitaker's Words] are awesome. Say you enter utuntur...you get ut.untur V 3 1 PRES IND 3 P utor, uti, usus sum V DEP [XXXAX] use, make use of, enjoy; enjoy the friendship of (with ABL); or for delineatibus Two words May be 2 words combined (delineati+bus) If not obvious, probably incorrect b.us N 4 1 NOM S C b.us N 4 1 VOC S C b.us N 4 1 GEN S C b.us N 4 1 NOM P C b.us N 4 1 VOC P C b.us N 4 1 ACC P C bus, bus N C [BAXDO] Early lesser ox, bull; cow; cattle (pl.); (odd form mostly in Varro); delineat.i VPAR 1 1 GEN S M PERF PASSIVE PPL delineat.i VPAR 1 1 GEN S N PERF PASSIVE PPL delineat.i VPAR 1 1 NOM P M PERF PASSIVE PPL delineat.i VPAR 1 1 VOC P M PERF PASSIVE PPL delineo, delineare, delineavi, delineatus V TRANS [XXXDO] lesser delineate; trace the outline of; (sketch out L+S); and for an English=>Latin dictionary try [http://catholic.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/lookdown.pl? Notre Dame's Page]. I don't know of a good Latin=>English dictionary online. But I would do little guessing at forms, guess at emasnings, but not forms.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 03:52, 2 Martii 2006 (UTC) == phillipines == what does this mean, in spanish or english? ''et primus praesidens fuit post patrem suum, cui nomen Diosdado Macapagal.'' :Uh, it was supposed to mean ' the first president after her father whose name is Diosdado Macapagal'. Bassically I wanted to say that her father was a president too. Paterned after George Bushs latin description of the same. :Is this grammatically correct? 'Olim praesidens Diosdado Macapagal filliae est.'( ?)--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 01:57, 7 Martii 2006 (UTC) ::No... That means either (since Diosdado doesnt decline) '''the president of the daughter is once Diosdado...''' or '''once the praesident is of the daughter of Diosdado...''' or something else that doesn't make sense. I'm sorry, let me revise, I didn't know what you wetre trying to say.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 02:03, 7 Martii 2006 (UTC) :Yeah...don't use J...juan is perfectly well latinized as Iohannes. I don't know what you mean by in San Juan Metro Manila... She was born in San Juan(a district in ), Metro Manila. Nevermind the 'san Juan'. I'll just remove this(not significant). About the president's daugher thing: Praesedens veteri Diosdado Macapagal filliae est. Question filliae is genitive here isn't it (genetive:of the)? 'natus est ' is wrong?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 02:17, 7 Martii 2006 (UTC) She's a girl...--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 02:26, 7 Martii 2006 (UTC) == superbus == It actually means proud...magnificus, fantasticus, miranda, something like that. Looks like a good site.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 06:34, 15 Martii 2006 (UTC) :For begginers (like me). Makes latin learning possible and even interesting(this is blasphemy)!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 07:37, 15 Martii 2006 (UTC) == idioms == I just stumbled upon the page looking at recent changes, and those were some phrases I knew off the top of my head, and didn't have to sit down and think about. I'll take another look tonight.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 04:02, 22 Martii 2006 (UTC) :Thanks. I made a correction (credere=> creare). Does nationalis decline like hostis? --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:18, 22 Martii 2006 (UTC) == hymnus nationalis == Nah. Nationalis for one is an adjective, not a noun. For two, I don't really think hostis or nationalis look plural. Further, it's hymnus, not hymno, hymno would be dative or ablative. 3rd declension adjectives have singular nominative in is, unless neuter, when they end in e. Hymnus nationalis is fine. Hymno nationali would be ablative singular, from or because of the national anthem. Nothing singular ends in i in nominative.----[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 01:16, 23 Martii 2006 (UTC) :Gratias ago. Gotta read that chapter on adjectives.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 01:19, 23 Martii 2006 (UTC) == studuntur est == What does this mean, out of curiosity? I read it as, '''it is, they are zealed after?''' Studere means to zeal, but, studuntur is not a form of that exists, in any verb that I know of.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 01:40, 28 Martii 2006 (UTC) :<s>Anglicized latin.</s> Don't be horrified. It 's my agenda for study. I try to memorize a few lines, phrases from model works. My method is a bit hard but it is easier for me to memorize sample sentences of grammar rules as a pattern then substitute different words; rather than memorize the grammar rule then calculate/formulate the sentence I would like to express. Worked well for me with Spanish and Japanese. Back to the question. It was supposed to mean: For study/Must study. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 02:05, 28 Martii 2006 (UTC) ::But where did you find something like studuntur est, from which to copy? And what, pray tell, is Anglicized at all about '''studuntur est'''? It is vulgarized, but in no way Anglicized. I'd memorize some patterns, were I you. '''Studendum/a'''(if you want to pluralize)''' est/sunt''', or '''studium dandum est''', I think you were after. Studeo, studere the verb, not studo, studere which has the definition I listed above.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 02:20, 28 Martii 2006 (UTC) :::Sorry again, I meant Latinized English. Studium dandum est seems fine.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 02:29, 28 Martii 2006 (UTC) == Aemilius Aguinaldo == There are more pictures there: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 20:22, 2 Maii 2006 (UTC) == Usor:Bocianski/experimentum == Hello, can you see that article and correct it? I don't know, how to name Kurówka River and Polish villages in Latino. In en-version and Polish version are also fotos, I don't know how to put in in article. [[Usor:Bocianski|Bocianski]] 07:01, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) :But I'm just a beginner in Latin! Most of my latin articles are copy and paste from similar ones. I think Kurówka River would be Fluvia Kurokae.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 07:11, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) ::Copy-paste, you say? Hm, well, and those villages and 1 town (Puławy)? What do you think about Garbovia, Markusovia, Pulawia? I have problem with Końskowola. Końskowola literaly in Polish language mean Will of Horse, but name (old version: Konińskawola) came from german "Woll" - (lat. liberta villa, see [[:en:Wola (settlement)]]) and owner's patronimic name Dzierslavus de Konin. [[Usor:Bocianski|Bocianski]] 07:22, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) And why Kurokae? ówka is sufiks added to Kurów. If Curovia, then Curoca or Curocae. This might be useful but you probably have this link already:[catholic.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/lookdown.pl Notre Dame English to Latin dictionary]. Will of the horse would be Voluntas Equus or Voluntas Equi? Liberta villa -> Vecus libertae (genitive) or Vecus Liberta(nominative agreeing with form of Vecus). Village of Konin->Vedus Coninsis. I usually check similar articles in English then go to the latin version. e.g. for University of Manila , I went to University of Harvard ->Latin version then copy , paste to Universitas Manilae then changed relevant info like dates etc. Of course I am studying latin on my own (Nominative, genitive, etc) and attempting to read classics.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 07:36, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) :No, I haven't seen this link at this moment. Copy-paste, I know it :) I learned latin little, but many years ago, so now I copy and paste. But I have good understanding. I think that, I'll leave my "experimentum" and will seek some historical names on old maps or documents. If you want, you can correct my "experimentum", if you have better informations. You can also to show it to somebody. Will be better waiting for good info than to product bad article. Can I request for something? Can you translate [[:en:Chrząchów]] and [[:en:Kurówka River]] to spain or japan and other yours languages? For pay back for it, I can translate something for you to polish from En, Ru or Fr. Maybe my active English isn't excellent, but my translation are good. Seeya, [[Usor:Bocianski|Bocianski]] 08:13, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) ::If you studied, then your latin should definitely be better than mine. I will look into your translation offers. See you.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 14:29, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) == Manilae == If it's "Manila University" i would say Maniliensis, but if it's the "University of Manila" I'd say Manilae.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 12:23, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) :Gratias ago. Confirms my translation.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 14:25, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) == invitatio == Thanks for your emendations to my barbaric spanish!--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 12:52, 24 Maii 2006 (UTC) :Your welcome. Actually I still need a lot of Spanish to learn but I'm sure of my corrections.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 00:47, 25 Maii 2006 (UTC) == Perl == Unfortunately ;-) Wikipedia uses PHP. However, you can use [[Perl]] when you download a database dump (see [[Vicipaedia:Praefatio]]) or when you use the www-mediawiki-client from [[CPAN]], which - at the moment - does not work for the Latin WP because of a bug. I have made a script where I can make some investigations locally. I am using XML::Twig for parsing the XML dump. --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 20:07, 6 Iunii 2006 (UTC) gratias ago.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:36, 8 Iunii 2006 (UTC) == Word order == For many, that is the whole fun of latin. The poets used this to an awesome extent...for instance...a sentence like in pectore ferrum conditum vulnerato est, (in chest sword plunged wounded was, proper english word order: the sword was plunged in the wounded chest) where vulneratum modifies pectus, so that with the word order, it actually ''looks'' like the sword is "inside" the wounded chest. A very cool thing. Many neolatinists though default to a more sensible word order that fits the chomskyan programming their native language has imprinted upon their brain. Be bold, and creative with it, I say. The first site you sent me is sweet! You seem to find a dearth of those sites online, well done. But the second site...I'm not so sure why you sent that to me. The bible in english? No offense but that is hardly useful to me, and in my humble opinion, anyone else really. A silly little book it is, over which more people have been killed than anything else, that describes in one half the world of a backwards people and their wrathful god, and in the second half, god's schizophrenic realization that he should love his creations and the best way to do that is by sacrificing his only son, who really didn't have a whole lot useful to say either. Love thy neighbor sure, but if someone hits you on the cheek, hit him back...that makes much more sense to me. Further barely anything he said isn't covered by eastern philosophy, and by secular western philosophy, both before and after. The only creative thing he said was that the only way to the one true god was through him, and if you don't really like that one true god, it doesn't much help.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 13:24, 7 Iunii 2006 (UTC) :Of course I should add that these are my own views entirely, and I don't mean to slight anyone else's! =]--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 00:20, 8 Iunii 2006 (UTC) I have a knack cause I 'm trying to learn and can't help but search once in a while. Bible: Please look again [http://www.newadvent.org/bible/joh001.htm here] Well, this is vulgar latin. It probably can't compare with classical. Still , this vulgar latin is ''practical'' everyday latin that was meant to be used and spoken.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:42, 8 Iunii 2006 (UTC) In the beginning was the Word: and the Word was with God: and the Word was God.<br> In principio erat Verbum et Verbum erat apud Deum et Deus erat Verbum <br> 1:2. The same was in the beginning with God.<br> Hoc erat in principio apud Deum<br> 1:3. All things were made by him: and without him was made nothing that was made.<br> Omnia per ipsum facta sunt et sine ipso factum est nihil quod factum est <br> 1:4. In him was life: and the life was the light of men.<br> In ipso vita erat et vita erat lux hominum<br> 1:5. And the light shineth in darkness: and the darkness did not comprehend it.<br> Et lux in tenebris lucet et tenebrae eam non conprehenderunt<br> 1:6. There was a man sent from God, whose name was John.<br> Fuit homo missus a Deo cui nomen erat Iohannes<br> ::Aha! The link you sent the first time only had english, my mistakte. Yes that is actually pretty sweet, I've only read parts of the bible in latin. Thanks.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 13:12, 8 Iunii 2006 (UTC) No, it was my mistake sorry. Anyway, in learning a language, it is much easier for me to memorize phrases exemplifying the grammar then, sort of mental cut and paste with what you want to say rather than 'calculating ' the phrase according to grammar rules. I also memorize a few made up phrases using the grammar. Wonderful growth experience!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 23:22, 8 Iunii 2006 (UTC) == [[Oceania]] == Please, can you have a look at [[Oceania]], {{fn|Oceania}} and {{fn|Asia}}? Some nations are listed on both templates. Thanks! --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 19:47, 12 Iunii 2006 (UTC) Roland, it is hard to demarcate these countries(Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, etc) and may belong to both. Although , for example Australia is a separate continent, I sometimehttp://la.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/button_sig.png Your signature with timestamps see them participating in Asian events. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 05:10, 13 Iunii 2006 (UTC) :This is sometimes true for Australia/Austria, too ;-) Shouldn't we add a comment to those countries in the list which we put ''intentionally'' both into Oceania and Asia? Similar situation with some countries in Asia/Europe. --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 06:19, 13 Iunii 2006 (UTC) ::That would be informative and very good. Why not start with one and I will make the same comment on others.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:56, 15 Iunii 2006 (UTC) I will ask Ioshus if this is correct: <sup>&dagger;</sup>Etiam membrum Oceania/Asia est. (Also a member of Oceanico).--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:56, 15 Iunii 2006 (UTC) Roland 2 I've already started.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 00:10, 16 Iunii 2006 (UTC) :This looks nice! :-) --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 00:34, 16 Iunii 2006 (UTC) :: Thanks :D --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:29, 16 Iunii 2006 (UTC) :::I've put the footnote inside the frame ... hopefully even nicer ... or just revert it. ;-) --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 09:01, 16 Iunii 2006 (UTC) == De Vicipaedia Latina == Salve Jondel, Scribere volo relationem de Vicipaedia latina (pro commentario periodico nomine "vox latina"). Mihi gaudio est, si alias quaestiones respondere vis: *1) Quid est Vicipaedia? *2) Quomodo Vicipaedia differt ab lexicis aliis? *3) Quomodo Vicipaedia latina differt ab Vicipaediis aliarum linguarum? *4) a) Quomodo lemmata cum argumento falso vel ficto scripta prohiberi possunt? b) Quomodo lemmata in falsa lingua latina scripta prohiberi possunt? *5) Quam utilitatem Vicipaedia mihi dat? *6) Quas alias paginas latinas in interrete commendare potes? *7) Ullam quaestionem desideras? Aliquas annotationes facere vis? Gratias tibi ago pro labore tuo, --[[Usor:Lupambulus|Lupambulus]] 16:35, 15 Septembris 2006 (UTC) == Delenda == Do you want to delete [[Usor:Jondel/Gladiator(pellicula)]] or did you save it? It contains the <nowiki>{{delenda}}</nowiki> template ... --[[Usor:Rolandus|Rolandus]] 21:29, 3 Februarii 2007 (UTC) :Let me remove the delenda template. I was scared the article would be deleted so I made a personal copy.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 02:36, 4 Februarii 2007 (UTC) ::Ok! I assumed this ... --[[Usor:Rolandus|Rolandus]] 07:15, 4 Februarii 2007 (UTC) == possibility mood == You are thinking of mood, not tense. And yes and no . . . Latin has the subjunctive, which is often used to express possibility. This is called potential subjunctive in Latin. Your sentence, though, needs a little work: :''Forsan Philippinas est maniola indicatur a Ptolemeus.'' :"Perhaps the (accusative?) Phillippines is maniola, is indicated by Ptolemeus (nominative?)" Just correcting your sentence, we would have :''Forsan Phillippinae sint maniola a Ptolemeo indicata. '' Not knowing at all what maniola is might be a problem, but I would change it further, still. :''Fortasse Phillippinae sint maniola quam Ptolemeus descripsit.'' Just my two cents. Hope it helps! --[[Usor:Ioscius Rocchius|Ioscius]] <small><sup>[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioscius Rocchius|(disp)]]</sup></small> 04:20, 10 Septembris 2007 (UTC) ::No no. accusative is only used for direct object. Here Phillippinae are the subject, so they must be in the nominative case, as I have changed. Similarly, "a" takes ablative, not nominative. --[[Usor:Ioscius Rocchius|Ioscius]] <small><sup>[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioscius Rocchius|(disp)]]</sup></small> 13:29, 10 Septembris 2007 (UTC) :::Incidentally, his spelling seems to be variable in this conversation, but he usually answers to [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemaeus]]! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:02, 10 Septembris 2007 (UTC) Thank you. Ioscius and Andrew, you insights are very informative!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:47, 13 Septembris 2007 (UTC) ==Query== Jondel, I don't understand your addition to [[Lingua Cebuanensis]]: "Maxima loquentium linguarum incertum est nam, auctores hac prodidere." Can you tell me in English what you mean? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:00, 21 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) :(That Cebuano) is the most(maxima) of languages(linguarum genitive /plural) being spoken(loquentium - present participle/genitive) is uncertain (incertum est)but (nam) proponents(auctores) hac prodidere (are saying this)- (It is uncertain that Cebuano is the most spoken language, but some people are proposing/insisting this). This is paterned after "Forte an dolo principis incertum est sed utrum que prodidere. " which I read somewhere but memorized.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 14:25, 21 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) ::It's by Tacitus (ann. 15.38), whose prose is unfortunately both one of the best and the most difficult in Latin literature. ''Nam'' means <s>''therefore''</s> ''for'', and ''loquentium'' means ''of the speaking (not: spoken) ones'', ''loqui'' being a verbum deponens. What do you think of: ''Sunt qui contendant maximam populi partem hac lingua uti, quod pro certo autem probari non potest.'' ("There are some who claim that the majority of the people use this language, which, however, cannot be confirmed as certain.")--[[Usor:Ceylon|Ceylon]] 14:54, 21 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) :::Ceylon, its very good. Pardon me since I'm still a tironis(beginner) in latin. Btw, sorry about nam, I meant 'but' (sed?). I think I would like to use that. What tips would you have to learning latin? I'm trying to read the first year latin in my university library, although I'm an alumni already.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 15:10, 21 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) ::There are various ways to say ''but'': ''sed, autem, verum ...''. People usually start off with a primer (as you do) to learn the grammar, and then read Caesar's ''De bello Gallico'' and some Cicero (''In Verrem'' or ''Cato maior'') first. Alternatively, you might want to go for Livy or Seneca's ''Epistulae morales'', which might be more interesting, but also a little harder.--[[Usor:Ceylon|Ceylon]] 15:28, 21 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) :::Yikes! :{ I still have a long way to go. Btw, I was reading just yesterday that to use the indirect statements you would use accusative + infinitive which you showed (maximam-acc, uti-infinitive)very well. De bello Gallico, who doesn't know "Gallia est omnis divisa in partis tres.....". I'll make the Changes to the cebuano article later as you suggested.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 15:36, 21 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) ::An afterthought: An easy and interesting book to start reading Latin, especially in a Vicipaedia context, is ''Vitae excellentium imperatorum'' by Cornelius Nepos, which I am sure you can also find online (e.g. on the Perseus Project).--[[Usor:Ceylon|Ceylon]] 07:28, 22 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) :::Vehementer gaudeo. Gratias ago! I will look at this now. Cheers.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:23, 22 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) ==Nexus, -us== Xaverius Jondel s.p.d. Vidi mutationem paginae Sichismus. Notate ''nexus'' est nomen [[Declinatio Quarta|declinationis quartae]], ita nominativus pluralis -us est. Vale--[[Usor:Xaverius|Xaverius]] 00:25, 16 Maii 2008 (UTC) :Jondel please note above that Nexus is a fourth declension noun!--[[Usor:Rafaelgarcia|Rafaelgarcia]] 01:49, 16 Maii 2008 (UTC) == Buon Natale == (merry Christmas) to you and thanks. I also appreciate much your work and wish you the best for 2009--[[Usor:Massimo Macconi|Massimo Macconi]] 18:16, 24 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :Felix Dies Natalis, amice! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 01:38, 25 Decembris 2008 (UTC) ::Gratias ago, amices. Same to you guys! ==Today's vandal== You're trying valiantly to repair the damage, amice, sed puto hunc scelestum esse celeriorem quam te! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 03:57, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :Thank you. Could you block him? I happen to be on my day off.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:05, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) ::No, I'm not a magistrate, so I don't have special powers. The magistrates must be sleeping. A perfect time for a vandal to get busy! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 04:06, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) ::: Ayyayy. Well maybe some tekkie magistrate could autoreverse all the vandals. Uh in the meantime..... we'll just have just have to dothis manually. Uhh I happen to be an administrator in a couple of other language wikis.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:12, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) ::::Maybe UV can do it. There might be a way to reverse them all at once. Surely there ''should'' be! Et gratias Iustino pro supplicio sumpto de hoc usore ignoto! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 04:18, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :::::I've blocked him, but I'm afraid I don't know how to autoreverse. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 04:19, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :::::: Gratias ad omnis(?? correct). Well,uh I think there is just a few vandals left to revert.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:26, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) ::::::: Omnibus. And you're welcome, tibi gratias for doing the grunt work. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 04:28, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :::::::: Gratias ad Iacobo , Iustino et mihi ( he he... ). --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:37, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :::::::::Meas gratias addere velim! Optime fecisti, Jondel. --[[Usor:Fabullus|Fabullus]] 07:29, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) ::::::::::Et ego. Dormiebam! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:30, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :::::::::::Ego quoque! --[[Usor:Amphitrite|Amphitrite]] 12:06, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :::::::::::: Babae! Your welcome, etiam Fabullus, Andrew Dalby et Amphitrite.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 22:13, 30 Decembris 2008 (UTC) == Re: Lechus Walesa == Hello! Thank you so much for your help :) Best wishes, [[Usor:Patrol110|Patrol110]] 07:49, 22 Septembris 2009 (UTC) :You welcome! Anytime.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:23, 22 Septembris 2009 (UTC) == Res [[Savaria]]e == Martinus Jondel salutem plurimam dicit Ad primum tibi gratias ago permaximas pro emendationibus tuis, et scire debes me parvulum Anglice loqui posse. Mihi rogare licetne, num "Moravians" (qui a me [[Bohemia|Bohemicis]] comparati sunt) significationem aliam Latinam habet? Estne? In mea re, quod scripsisti, pagina disputationis, hoc est coaria in convertabo e Hungaria in Latinam. "Átmeneti morva uralom után 900 körül a várost elfoglalták a magyarok." Bohemico brevi tempore recto, circum 900 urbs a Hungaris occupata est. Vale --[[Usor:Martinus567|Martinus567]] 08:05, 12 Martii 2010 (UTC) :Salve Martine, ut vales? Tibi servire mihi placet. Ecce, timeo te dicere me modo esse sextam annos discendis latinitatis. Sentio me non magristum esse quem dicere latinam an non fuisset. :Rediens sententiam tuam, fortunas nobis est qua Medio Aevo(medivalis) Vaticanoque sunt fontes plurimus Moriviae aut aliis latinabus utroque interetilis. Iam dixi Savariae disputatione de Hoffman Vaticanaque. Iam scis situm hoffman. Nobis est [[Magna Moravia]] hic vicipedia. Significationem aliam Latinam habere non credo sed non est territorium adcurate idem! Nescio te respondere recte ideoneoque sed spero sic fecisse.Qui est coaria? Rursum rediens, ex pagina disputationis Savariae, istem Hungaria sententia translatio, credo esse:"Moravia circa 900 anno brevis temporis a/ab Hungaris occupata est." Qui opinas? Vale.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 07:38, 13 Martii 2010 (UTC) :Salve! Gratias, sic iam bene est.--[[Usor:Martinus567|Martinus567]] 11:15, 13 Martii 2010 (UTC) ::Babae!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 02:53, 15 Martii 2010 (UTC) == tuae emendationes - your corrections == [[Imago:Flag of Rome.svg|20px]] Martinus tibi, Jondel, s.p.d.! Quod tuas mutationes pertinet apud rem [[Savaria]] denominatam, probemata sunt: notus ac coitus ''non est'' [[nomen adiectivum]], sed [[nomen substantivum]]. hoc problema est etiam "cultum" pertinens. Valeto. [[Imago:English language.svg|20px]] Dear Jondel! As for your correction in my [[Savaria]], I mean that there are some problems. notus ac coitus ''is'nt'' adjectiv, but noun. this is same with the word "cultus". Goodbye! --[[Usor:Martinus567|Martinus567]] 12:50, 21 Aprilis 2010 (UTC) :But they are used as adjectives. e.g. they describe the subject.(?)--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 13:24, 21 Aprilis 2010 (UTC) ::[[Imago:Flag of Rome.svg|20px]] bene, emendavi, recte dixisti notum ac ciotum pertinens. Sed cultus (-ús m) non est declinationis secundae, hoc est non possumus e vocabulo "culta"m creare. ::[[Imago:English language.svg|20px]] Ok, I have corrected "notus ac coitus," but we cannot create the same with "cultus," because it belongs to a different declension. --[[Usor:Martinus567|Martinus567]] 18:31, 24 Aprilis 2010 (UTC) :::Bene. Gratias tibi aliquam novam latinium ego docui!(Ok. Thanks to you, I learned something new about latin!)--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 09:10, 25 Aprilis 2010 (UTC) == In response to your comment on my page == Hello! I can understand that completely - what I ''don't'' understand is why English titles are used for things (such as ''The Legend of Zelda'') which should be in Japanese (''Zeruda no Densetsu''). Japanese has about as much to do with Latin as English does, minus a few load-words, so I don't see why English is preferred when the English title is itself a translation [[Usor:Nikolaos|Nikolaos]] 01:23, 10 Iulii 2010 (UTC) :I see. Sorry I totally misunderstood. There is a 'movere' tab available which everyone should absolutely feel free to use. I can move it too if you want. 'Zeruda no Densetsu' ? By the way, I've lived in Japan for 12 years and frequently use Japanese in my daily job.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 00:55, 11 Iulii 2010 (UTC) == IEEE == Ciao. I did some corrections on your page IEEE: collegium is a neutre word therefore internationale non internationalis, in Novo Eboraco (because you are speaking about a static situation, if there were instead a movement "eo in Novum Eboracum")--[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 06:30, 9 Octobris 2010 (UTC) :Ciao. I highly appreciate your corrections. I 've learned to be careful with the agreement of using neutral verbs(conditum, collegium). Please, however, if the latin is not too horrible, don't rate it as "4" or at least give a clue on how it can be improved, grammar, adjective- noun agreement, etc. I also, do want to have great latin quality in the articles afterall. Gratias ago. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 06:37, 9 Octobris 2010 (UTC) ::Dear Jondel for propagationibus I agree with you perhaps a dative can be used as well as a genetive. I used however the genetive according to the use in Romance languages: le vie di diffusione, les voies de diffusion etc. I disagree instead with IEEE. Could you explain me what does it mean Commissiones Notabiles IEEE et formata suis? II have inserted a rate because I believe it will be useful so that people who can write a better Latin then mine (therefore I cant give more clues, I have the feeling the language is not correct, but unfortunately I am not able to correct it, I repeat my Latin is very poor) can correct further my/your pages, but I respect your point and I do not add again the rating. :::Ok. If you do feel it can be improved, do <u>please add the rating</u>. I guess I would like to see them improve but sometimes I feel this is the best that can be done. I fear when someone else "improves" the meaning gets lost. I worked as a professional translator for Japanese, Spanish and English. I am doing my best to improve my latin. The romance language I am very familiar with is Spanish. Commissiones Notabiles IEEE et formata suis: from English: Notable Committees and their formats (Many new technology specifications/formats are decided upon by these sub organizations of IEEE). --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:35, 9 Octobris 2010 (UTC) ::Dear Jondel I add a -2 rating (sorry for -4 but I have some problem in understandig the scale of judgement the descriptio of -3 seems to me more critical then -4) . For the sentence ''Notable Committees and their formats'' also in English it's difficult for me to understand its real meaning, I will ask therefore our friends in Taberna if they approve your translation or they believe it can be improved.I thank you for your work I believe you are doing a good job. I have always believed that in Latin adjectives (internationalis, -e) et verbs (conditus, a, um) must always agree with the name they have to do, isn't correct? Ciao--[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 09:02, 9 Octobris 2010 (UTC) :::Sub Collaborationes Pro Formatta? Thank you for the compliments. I admire your work as well. Yes, adjectives and the verb(conditus functioning as an adjective) must agree in gender.I've made changes in the meantime. Our Taberna friends are more than welcome to improve. Actually anybody as per wiki regulations. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 23:45, 9 Octobris 2010 (UTC) == Nagasacium - cupiditas == :tunc cupiditates novas Iaponiam ad bellos cum [[Sinae (regio)|Sericis]] anno 1895 et [[Russia|Sarmata]] anno [[1905]] duxerunt. Nam cupiditas, -is et ergo nominativus pluralis cupiditatES et verbum plurale duxERUNT--[[Specialis:Conlationes/62.202.2.151|62.202.2.151]] 08:41, 18 Octobris 2010 (UTC) ::Fas es; me dolet. Licet me emendem.Gratias vero ago. ::Iam emendationem fecisti, gratias ago.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:56, 18 Octobris 2010 (UTC) :::Errrr.... ''cupiditates nov'''AE'''''. bellum, belli, n, ergo ''ad bell'''a'''''. ''in bella'' etiam potius. -- [[Usor:Ioscius|Ioscius]] <sup>'''[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioscius|∞]]'''</sup> 09:37, 18 Octobris 2010 (UTC) ::::Hercle!! Rursum gratiam ago.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 09:50, 18 Octobris 2010 (UTC) ==De viro qui mavult sermonem Anglorum== Mi Jondel. Video [[Disputatio_Usoris:Dandv|disputationem tuam cum viro Dacoromanico]] de linguis francis, et nunc te scribo Latine, ne nos intellegat. Si vero is malefactor est, non licet nobis cum eo disputare. Iam Rafael noster hanc rem dixit in pagina disputationis sua. Si iste vir solum insidias creare vult, melior est si nos omnes eum ignoremus. Et tandem, video hanc rem et memoro [[Disputatio_Vicipaediae:Legatio_nostra#Proposal_to_close_Latin_Wikipedia|rem a SeaHen disputatam]]. Consilium meum tibi, simpliciter eum neglege.--[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 10:32, 11 Novembris 2010 (UTC) :Etiam, iste vir expectat argumentos creare (ut videmus in pagina sua: [[Usor:Dandv|Please direct flak to My English userpage]]. Certe si no malefactor, puto eum discordiae et dissentionis cultorem esse.--[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 10:38, 11 Novembris 2010 (UTC) :::Ita. Nobis malefactore non disputandum est. Hercle! Me dictis latinis elatus sum! Qualibet conor ne eum disputem aut tales malefactoribus et ut me monuisses gaudeo. Forsan aliquando opus est tibi me monere ne obliviscar sed per me ipsum ego memini conor serio. Nexo de SeaHenis me dato gaudeo et valde fruor. Non auctoritates latinitates esse bene scio et caveandum et cura nobis est. Novam latinam creare non velim sed progrediendum nobis est. Rafaeli me paenitet.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 16:35, 11 Novembris 2010 (UTC) == Hello, Mr. Jondel == Hi, my name is Erico, and I want to thank you by correcting my text (Past Masters). I know Latin is a very hard language, and my skills in this language is still far far away from perfection. I do not use Latin for writing since College times, only reading, so, sorry by the imperfections. So, one more time, thank you very much. Erico Molero. São Paulo, Brazil. :Exoptatus. Tueri si tibi palaceat norma et mores.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 06:08, 10 Decembris 2010 (UTC) == Latinitas templates == You mustn't remove them, Jondel, before the Latin has been improved. I agree with Erico above -- "Latin is a very hard language", and it is true, you know, that the Latin you write needs correction. It's true of all of us: why, you have corrected my Latin more than once :) We all need the advice of others. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 22:04, 28 Decembris 2010 (UTC) :How can you put templates asking for corrections if you don't know exactly what needs to be corrected? If you did know at least give guidance because I doo take the pain to improve on a permant level. With templates, very few would really make the effort to improve them too, if they are needed. Cur cura tibi est when it is highly possible few will read them anyway? When the articles get corrected they miss out on points which I feel need to be expressed. At leased I would request some pointers where grammar points need to be improved. I don't want to be presumptious but I feel I am doing my fairs shair of studies and I feel I am getting confident. I know you are way ahead of me but I do have years here since I first started. Why the templates? Does it really help? Many times the same idea was simply expressed in a different way but the original grammar was really correct and it jars me to see it changed. We don't have a standard. Show that certain grammar rules where broken and you can put those templates. In the meantime I am putting my outmust effort to perfect the grammar. Why does Latin have to be a "hard language"? That mindset is what is killing the language and preventing it's spread. If you feel the templates are required,let me at least check (at my level of latin) that there are no grammar rules broken, then if it is still needed perhaps a -2 would be ok.In good faith. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 13:53, 29 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::You know, really, that it doesn't work like that. It isn't personal. The aim is to have good pages, in Latin that all Latin readers can understand. If someone sees a page that needs changing, they may either change it themselves, or mark it as needing improvement. It isn't Jondel's page: they aren't criticising Jondel: they just think the page needs to be improved. When we write on Vicipaedia, we all expect this to happen. ::If someone writes an explanation on the talk page about what needed changing, that's a bonus! It helps us to learn! But you can't demand that this must happen every time. ::I'm sure you're getting better, and you will get better still each time you look at how your pages have been edited and try to understand the reasons. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:13, 29 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::::I want to learn but you have to show you want to learn as well. Can I ask, is the general opinion(maybe yours) is that for example, we can not use per + acc to mean 'by'? I feel that many are not looking beyond the other meanins or uses of particle words an grammar. e.g. per must only be used to mean "through" and never to mean "by" there are others. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 14:18, 29 Decembris 2010 (UTC) :::::You seem to be asking the same question on my userpage too. It isn't ideal to study one foreign language through another foreign language: as you will admit, you have problems with both English and Latin. Well, there are possibly one or two cases where Latin "per + acc." can be translated by English "by". But that doesn't help you. English is not relevant: you are writing Latin, and the real purpose is to write Latin that other people can understand. If in general you use "per + acc." to mean the same as English "by", people will not understand you. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:42, 29 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::::::Only sometimes may we use ''per'' to mean 'by'. Secundum Gildersleeve: "'''Per.''' Of Space, ''through&thinsp;;'' of Time, ''during&thinsp;;'' of Cause, ''owing to&thinsp;;'' of Instrument, ''by'' (both persons and things)&thinsp;; of Manner, ''by, in.''" None of these uses fits the use to which you tried to apply ''per&thinsp;:'' the agent of a passive verb, for which Latin uses ''a/ab/abs.'' Instrument, Manner, and Agency are different concepts in Latin; of course other languages may collapse them together, as English can with ''by.'' ¶ The reason people don't always give you specific advice is that doing so has costs that they choose not to pay. Writing this passage, for example, has deprived Vicipaedia of an article on an Oceanic orchid. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 14:46, 29 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::::::::It is rare but still correct. Please don't blame for lossing that article. I've lost a lot of precious articles on two different wikis(English and Spanish). The sentence which eludes me right now but I memorized by heart is "Re publica per me defensa nobis eorum benevolentiam conciliavit." From the grammar book I have 'per deos' by the gods, I will try to avoid usage in this way. I 'm sorry for any trouble. ad benevolentiam conciliemus. I have to go now.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 15:28, 29 Decembris 2010 (UTC) :::::::::Things that are "correct" for one author, period, style, or purpose might not be "correct" for another. What do you mean by the notion of "losing" articles? So far as one can tell, the articles you've worked on are still here. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 11:52, 30 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::::::::::Not. The articles were, according to them, not notable. Vicky Belo is a big celebrity here but when unacceptable as an Encyclopedia article at the Spanish. SSS-PC is a type of Operating System which got lost at the English. Also at the English, certain articles about Edgar Cayce where lost. I am very upset about those. Helveticus is upset that through me he lost an article. I'm upset that my articles have templates that are not in good latin when I'm pretty sure they are pretty good. I will try to stick to grammar forms which most are familiar with. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 12:06, 30 Decembris 2010 (UTC) :::::::::::"Here' = 'in Vicipaedia'. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 12:16, 30 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::::::::::::Ok. Anyway, there is no need to use 'per' in the instrumentative sense and will avoid it in this way. I would like to focus on contributing in the standard wiki-acceptable latin. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 12:25, 30 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::Dear Jondel, I'm sorry that I do not have always the time to check the vocabularies and the grammars and to make corrections. Therefore, having the feeling that a page (example [[Lobjan]]) needed some corrections, I made the first changes and then put the template. Frankly I do not believe that -2 was the right measure at the beginning, but, on reflection, I think -5 was too low[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 18:21, 29 Decembris 2010 (UTC) :::If you do not have the time then how do you know the Latin is bad? Where do you base it? I started out as a beginner but we (you too)both have many years now. I occasionally forget and make typographical mistakes but that is rare now.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 12:06, 30 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::::Jondel, it is necessary to be prepared to learn from others. Of course it's difficult for you if you have to learn Latin through English, when English is not your mother tongue, but we are ready to help. Like Iacobus, I don't understand about the lost articles. I don't think your articles here on Vicipaedia have been deleted. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:17, 30 Decembris 2010 (UTC) I agree and I thank you for your kind patience. I would appreciate you guidance specially with the templates, specifically specific details, where those templates based if you have the time. This may demand too much time and effort but I will make efforts to learn them thoroughly. I occasionally commit typos and careless mistakes and will do my best to avoid.Best regards and Happy New Year LETS PARTYEEE!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 06:10, 1 Ianuarii 2011 (UTC) :Thanks for your new message, Jondel. I am glad to hear from you. Of course I will do my best to help. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:45, 6 Ianuarii 2011 (UTC) == Anonymous == I agree with you. In the future I will avoid to do corrections as anonimous [[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 20:59, 30 Decembris 2010 (UTC) == Balett == Amo hominibus adiuvare. In [http://books.google.hu/books?id=PvowPJUinyEC&pg=PR1&dq=contemporary+latin+dictionary&hl=hu&ei=5l0oTbbZOomU4AbevtHdCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=contemporary%20latin%20dictionary&f=false Smithi dictionario Anglolatino] dat verbum quoddam: pantomimus. Problema doleo nostrum esse, 1. [[pantomimus|pantomimum]] iam habemus, 2. pantomimus latinificatio (=latinizatio) est duarum rationum (forma antiqua ac hodierna), hocque in Vicipaedia, in encyclopaedia nostra, difficile habitum est. Melius esset, si ''balettum'' vel ''saltatio balletica'' nominarentur, fontem autem etiam ego non inveni. --[[Usor:Martinus Poeta Juvenis|Martinus Poeta Juvenis]] 13:01, 8 Ianuarii 2011 (UTC) :Gratias. Bene. Putabam in dictionario Russo-Latina vel Hungaria-Latina fuerit. Non est exactus sed magis adiuvat. Sententiam saltationem includendum est. Enim. Est utrumque saltatio et pantomimum. Est de origo latina vulgare 'ballo' invicem de Graeca. Opus est per normam inscribere[ "Ballet" est verbum anglice...]quod non in dictionario est pro Ballet. Post aliquis mutare potest ad ''saltatio balletica'' etc.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 13:19, 8 Ianuarii 2011 (UTC) : Me paenitet. Fas es! Videtur possumus uti pantomimus. dictionarios Anglolatinorum pleno habeo sed invenire non possum "Ballet". Gratias!!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 13:31, 8 Ianuarii 2011 (UTC) == Thanks == Thanks for your note on my page, Jondel -- I have replied now! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:54, 23 Februarii 2011 (UTC) :Great! Thanks. Wonderful discussion![[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 12:04, 1 Martii 2011 (UTC) == [[pediludium]] == Thanks for helping watch that page, but I strongly suspect the anonymous user who erased that paragraph is [[usor:Brandus]], responding to my comment that I wouldn't have advised him to put it up yet. He keeps acting on the page without letting me know what he's doing. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 06:56, 10 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :Your welcome. Is he your student? When my article is not ready,I ussually work on them in my own workspaces using this:<nowiki>[[/mynewlatinarticle]]</nowiki> at my agenda workspace. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 07:41, 10 Iunii 2011 (UTC) == Noli me tangere == Jondel, I am going to write an article about this Latin phrase. Can you explain to me -- if you know! -- why José Rizal's novel has this title? Does it reflect something in the story, or something about one of the characters? The reason isn't clear to me from the English page about the book. Thanks! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:51, 16 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :Salve Andrew. Rizal perceived Philippine society as being afflicted with a form of very delicate social cancer and alluded to the words of Jesus Christ to Mary Magdalene when he ressurected and before his ascension. Cheers.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 05:24, 17 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :The status quo(of the Spaniards), specially was something that wasnt to be touched or disturbed.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 05:28, 17 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::Thanks, Jondel, very interesting, I will add that information to my page. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:37, 22 Iunii 2011 (UTC) == Philippine provinces == Would you prefer that those "non-stipula" new pages be deleted, or would you like to improve them a bit? It's your choice, I think, Jondel! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:37, 22 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :Thanks. I would like to leave them until I can beef them up, only then would I like them removed. Of course, others are always welcome to add and improve. With the other provinces, please remove or delete them if the names are wrong. I will probably revert them to the original (English) name while trying to find latin sources. However as you can see, it takes too much time.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 12:44, 22 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ==Cursus electronicus== I would like to move this article to the above title as per above discussion. Feel free to do it or suggest a better title. Mutare velim ad titulum suprum. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:29, 17 Iulii 2011 (UTC) ::Dear Jondel there is a missunderstanding circuitus is a good translation for the new word circuit, circuito etc. , always from Castiglioni: :::circŭĭtŭs, ūs, m., 1 il girare intorno, giro: longo circuitu, con un lungo giro, CAES. e a.; pons magnum circuitum habebat, il ponte richiedeva un lungo giro, CAES. B. C. 1, 63, 2; milium amplius quinquaginta circuitu, con un giro, facendo un giro di più di 50 miglia, CAES. B. G. 1, 41, 4; rotazione degli astri, CIC. e a.; '''per meton., circuito, circonferenza, perimetro: vallum in circuitu XV milium, palizzata di 15 miglia di circonferenza, CAES. B. G. 2, 30, 2; minorem circuitum habebant, avevano un perimetro meno esteso, CAES. B. C. 3, 44, 5'''; ::is the word currens which does not exit. Therefore I wouldn't change the title of the page.--[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 08:36, 17 Iulii 2011 (UTC) :::aah, ok.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:45, 17 Iulii 2011 (UTC) == punctus == Dear Jondel, good point :-) ! You have done a very careful research. In any case I will ask to the other users to see what they think about it. Ciao--[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 18:49, 19 Iulii 2011 (UTC) :Great! I look forward to it!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 11:12, 20 Iulii 2011 (UTC) == natus loco nobili == I apologize for locu, the correct sentence is ''natus loco nobili'', nato da nobile famiglia or born in an aristocratic family) , CIC. Arch. 4; Div. 1, 89. I have not given to your last page any mark about the level of the Latin language. I have already noticed this is a behaviour you not apprecciate, from my point of view wrongly. Actually anybode of us could always ameliorate with judgement of the others, but I respect your choices. Ciao. --[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 17:03, 23 Octobris 2011 (UTC) == [[Hugo Eduardus Blair]] == UV didn't grade that article after you had worked on it, Jondel. He graded it before. There's a moral here (as Aesop might have said). Anyone can grade articles, including you. When you have improved a page, you yourself can revise the grading. I would advise you not to put {{fn|L1}} on such pages, because you will agree with me that you often make errors in Latin (as most of us do). I would advise you, when you have improved a page, to put the grade {{fn|L-1}} on it -- meaning, someone else needs to come and check this. On the [[Hugo Eduardus Blair]] page, which you have improved, there are some things you still need to work on. For example: * "Aliciae Vanderbilt Morris". I don't know whether you wanted to put her in the genitive or the dative, but, whichever it is, the word "conditrice" should be in the same case: it isn't yet. * The usual meaning of "ad" is not ''until'' (though it is a possible meaning). For ''until [someone's] death'' it is clearer to say "usque ad ... mortem". * "Erat" is not impossible in narrating someone's life, but it is a tense with a strong meaning (''he used to be'', ''he was being'', ''he was ... at the time when something else happened''). In general it's better to use the simple perfect tense ("fuit") for narrative. * I don't know what you mean by "fuit commissus". That is a very rare tense in Latin. "commissus est" is the perfect; "commissus erat" is the pluperfect. * "manus dextera" certainly won't do: we have to change that. The correct form is "dextra", but anyway I'm not aware that this phrase is used in Latin with the metaphorical sense known in English. Unless someone knows better, I'd change it to "primus adiutor" or something like that. It's no good asking me to do this all the time: I'm busy, I write Latin without checking grammars, and I don't enjoy telling other people why they are wrong. But I've done it this time ... All good wishes, Jondel :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:29, 25 Novembris 2011 (UTC) :Andrew, I thank you very much for your kind patience. I worry sometimes that some kind of obscure cult for latin may be growing here. I agree and see my mistakes. I do see "ad"+accusative used as 'until' when I read Classics, in fact a lot of "not usual" usages are plain. (I have one Loeb book of Cicero). I remember somebody correcting an article I wrote, to a "fuit +sus/(supine)" form and so I though it waS OK. The low ratings are discouraging. Thank you again. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 11:46, 25 Novembris 2011 (UTC) == fenestra == Gratias agō [[User:Leonellus Pons|vōbīs]]. [[Specialis:Conlationes/68.55.112.31|68.55.112.31]] 04:41, 2 Martii 2012 (UTC) :Libenter![[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:45, 2 Martii 2012 (UTC) == [[Siphonarius]] == Hi, Jondel. That new paragraph looked like machine translation to me -- it's a telltale sign when some words have not been translated because they were not in the database! So I have deleted it. Of course, if you want to work on it later, that's fine, and you can restore it from the history. OK? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:20, 23 Martii 2012 (UTC) :Ok and Good work Andrew! [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:45, 24 Martii 2012 (UTC) == Aliquod == Mea pagina usoris? Si ita, ¿por que, Jondel? Por que? [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 13:45, 25 Aprilis 2012 (UTC) :De que hablas?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 22:59, 25 Aprilis 2012 (UTC) == Rogatio == Salve, gratias vobis agere volo quia meum nuntium, quem rursus infra ostendeo, in taberna correxistis (modulum similem ac <nowiki>{{Quote}}</nowiki> nescio) : ____ Salve (errores erunt ! Eas corrigere potestis, gratissimus ero), volim solum scire an hic sint signa similia ac "Featured article" in en.wikipedia (exempli gratia). Quaesivi, non inveni. Gratias vobis ago, [[Usor:Fsojic|Fsojic]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Fsojic|disputatio]]) 21:39, 18 Iunii 2012 (UTC) :Corrigentes consiliorum meorum(Latina mea faltae multa etiam sunt. Quamquam velim suadere infra.... --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 03:56, 19 Iunii 2012 (UTC)): :::Salve (errores <s>erunt</s>sunt ! <u>Amabo vos</u> /Si vobis placeat<s>Eas</s> corrige<s>re potes</s>tis,<u>et </u> gratissimus <s>ero</s>, <s>ego</s>sim), :::<s>volim</s><u>Velim</u> solum scire an hic sint <s>signa</s><u>res</u> similia ac "Featured article" in en.wikipedia (exempli<u>a</u> gratia). Quaesivi, non <u>sed</u> inveni<u>vi</u>. ____ Sed quaedam rogationes habeo : Primo : ''Amabo vos corrigere'' aut ''Si vobis placeat corrigere'' dicere volebas ? Sed quid ''et'' addidistis ? Secundo : Quid ''ero'' abstulitis ut potius ''sim'' poneretis ? Tertio : Quid ''exempli gratia'' cum genitivo non servatis ? Quarto : ''invenire'' ad perfectum non est ''inveni'' ? ''venire, venio, veni, ventum'' ? Gratias vobis ago. [[Usor:Fsojic|Fsojic ~ Errores meos corrigatis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Fsojic|disputatio]]) 15:59, 19 Iunii 2012 (UTC) ::Salve Fsojic. Ut vales? Laetus te cognoscere. ::Clare erravi et spero ne offendas? ::Primo:Non agnovi futurm indicativum de ''esse". Me paenitet Possui ''et '', ut duos sensos clarandum disparet. ::Secundo: Non agnovi futurm indicativum de ''esse". Me paenitet. ::Tertio: Erravi. Me paenitet. Genitivo optimus est ut indicat norma. ::Quarto: Erravi. Non agnovi perfectum de invenire. "inveni" optimus est.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:09, 20 Iunii 2012 (UTC) == Responsum == Salve, Errores facimus omnes, primus ego ! Non offendor. Difficillimus est scribere loquique Latine, et saepe scribendi Italice (ὡς εἰκός ἐστιν, nam Francogallice loquor) cupido est mihi. Valete, [[Usor:Fsojic|Fsojic ~ Errores meos corrigatis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Fsojic|disputatio]]) 12:44, 20 Iunii 2012 (UTC) :En. Quam dificillimum scribere! De latina progressa, dico macte! Te exhortor. Mihi, conor fabulari posse latine. Etiam velim discere francogallice(et alias linguas). Nescio graece. Interpretes Iaponicis laetus sum.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:22, 21 Iunii 2012 (UTC) ::ὡς εἰκός ἐστιν ''naturaliter'' significat. Sed Graece scio haud egregie ! Cognoscere Graecam linguam anno solum extremo coepi. ::Etiam ego alias linguas discere velim, non solum quia pulchrum est, sed etiam quia [[linguae Indoeuropaeae|linguas Indoeuropaearum]] linguisticae studiosus sum (ut mea pagina videre potes). Idcirco ad Lituanam discendam ardeo. Nam ''Haec lingua dicitur quam antiquissima esse, nam hodie multae [[lingua Protoindoeuropaea|linguae protoindoeuropaeae]] radices et proprietates grammaticae manent in lingua Lithuanica''. ::Valete [[Usor:Fsojic|Fsojic ~ Errores meos corrigatis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Fsojic|disputatio]]) 10:52, 21 Iunii 2012 (UTC) :::Papae! Te hortor. Etiam gratias tibi,mihi permoto, incepi Graeca vetus discere!!. (nescio, sed sistam Graecem mox).--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 03:57, 26 Iunii 2012 (UTC) == About a category == Good day Jondel! ''Kumusta ka?'' I recently saw that ''ludus fornicalis'' changed to ''ludus porticuum'' and read the discussion page. I know I'm late. I also changed in the Pac-Man article that it is a ''ludus porticuum''. If we should have a category about arcade games here (it would be easier to find those things), should it be called ''Categoria:Ludi porticuum''? What do you think? [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 15:19, 26 Iunii 2012 (UTC). :Mabuti! Ikaw? Good day to you too! Categoria:Ludi porticuum would be great! Andrew Dalby suggests it would be good if a category have at least 3 members. It would be good to coordinate with him.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 23:28, 26 Iunii 2012 (UTC) ::I'd simply say, as advice, it's wiser not to create a category if you have no plans to increase the number of articles beyond 1 or 2. If you do intend to add some more, that's fine. We are all free to do what we want, but lots of Wikipedians adjust categories, and if the 1/2 articles in a category are removed from a category (for whatever reason) the category will be deleted and you will have wasted your time. ::It's also a good idea to begin an article on the topic, or at least to get agreement on the terminology, before creating the category. That's exactly what has happened here, which is perfect :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:53, 27 Iunii 2012 (UTC) :::Thank you Andrew, that is a good point, that it would be a waste without at least 2 articles, and getting an agreement and others.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:19, 11 Iulii 2012 (UTC) == technologia digitalis non digitale == There isn't noun adjective agreement in the term "technologia digitale" because technologia is feminine and digitale as written is neuter.--[[Specialis:Conlationes/118.160.22.1|118.160.22.1]] 03:30, 11 Iulii 2012 (UTC) :Thank you very much. I will make the changes.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 03:35, 11 Iulii 2012 (UTC) ::Hi, Jondel, I emptied and deleted "Categoria:Technologia digitale‎‎" because it was a redirect. The Wiki environment does not allow redirects of categories. The category simply has to be emptied and deleted. Happy editing! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:12, 11 Iulii 2012 (UTC) :::Ok. Thanks.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 09:18, 11 Iulii 2012 (UTC) ==Domesticum?== I don't understand why you made those moves without explanation. Why is "domesticus" a better adjective to use than "civilis"? In the case of [[Bellum Civile Graecum]] I have moved back again because the case seems obvious (to me): the Greek name is "''emphylios''" which means "within a people", not "within a house". In the case of [[Bellum Domesticum Russicum]] I didn't move back, but I think at the least you need to cite a source. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:54, 29 Iulii 2012 (UTC) :Ok. Let me cite the dictionary source John T(urenberg?) which I don't have now, for "Civil War" as "Bellum Domesticum". I would like to make similar changes to all (except the Bellum Civile Graecum) since Bellum Domesticum has more authoritive sources.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:58, 29 Iulii 2012 (UTC) ::It's true that "bellum domesticum" is used by Caesar at least once. But "Bellum Civile" is used by Caesar, Sallust, Cicero (often), Horace, Lucan and many others. Do you rate John T(urenberg?) higher than those? I've never heard of him (not that that means anything!) but Google doesn't seem to have heard of him either. Do we have the name right? Where or what is his dictionary? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:24, 29 Iulii 2012 (UTC) :::Vide ''[[De bello civili]],'' [[liber|librum]] [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesaris]], et ''De bello civili,'' [[poema]] [[Lucanus|Lucani]], and if those aren't "authoritative," what would be? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:27, 29 Iulii 2012 (UTC) I apologize. I do not know if they are more authoritive. The source I have for Bellum Domesticum-Civil War is the John Traupman dictionary, pp 154 and 698. :Oh, it's Traupman! No wonder I couldn't find Turenberg :) In general Wikipedia terms, I'd say, the usual kinds of dictionaries are "tertiary sources", rather like encyclopedias. They are better than nothing and a useful start, but they are not the most authoritative sources. :For Vicipaedia in particular, when we are looking for vocabulary, the best thing is to find how the words have already been used by writers in Latin. Some good dictionaries can help us do that, because they have references to texts, but it's important to use those clues, look beyond the dictionary and see how the words are really used. As you know, Jondel, a professional translator also must look beyond the dictionary. :In this case, it's true that a few Latin writers use the term "bellum domesticum", but much more rarely than "bellum civile", and it may be that they are trying to get across a particular viewpoint when they use it -- because "domus" means "house", so it's as if they are saying "war within the family" or "war at home". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:41, 30 Iulii 2012 (UTC) :::Andrew, I don't know if I can detach myself from My Precious, Gollum Edition John Traupman Dictionary but I know it can be done( detox chamber?, tossing the severed member holding the dictionary into the river of lava and fire?). Just kidding :). Seriously with Spanish (like how do you translate peer pressure, mall, etc) and Japanese (Japanese gambaru:work/fight hard?, domo( thank you, goodbye, feel good, etc)) the dictionary tends to be only a guide,i.e."tertiary sources". Trouble and confusion occurs when I rely too much on the dictionary. I agree with you. Sorry for the Traupman -Terenberg and bellum domesticum civile confusion. I can't help but mention though, that even in English <u>domestic</u> airports are not found in homes and there are no <u>domestic</u> flights direct to passengers' homes. But you don't have to worry about me changing Bellum Civile to Bellum Domesticum. I will strive very hard to get the most standard term in the future from the context of standard classical literature. It is great though that you and Iacobus(and others) are watching over direction of the Latin of vicipaedia though! [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 23:28, 30 Iulii 2012 (UTC) ::Domestic flights, yes, quite true, Jondel, good point! Language is infinitely inconsistent and infinitely interesting :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:58, 31 Iulii 2012 (UTC) :::The larger point is that because readers of reference works usually want to pop in, grab their information quickly, and bug out (if we may indulge not entirely obsolete slang), we should help them by deploying standard(ized) words and syntax. Since Cicero used ''bellum domesticum,'' it's an attested idiom, which accordingly has no reason not to occur here & there in our texts, but it's apparently not the ordinary, expected term (''bellum civile''), which—precisely because it's the ordinary, expected term!—should be the lemma and therefore the title of the article. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:57, 31 Iulii 2012 (UTC) ::::That is a very good point Iacobus! In fact with your (and all other magister's) guidance, I do hope to be able to write with standard words and phrases attested by 'standard' classic works and I do hope this will be a help to all readers.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 23:12, 31 Iulii 2012 (UTC) == [[Israel Academiae Scientiarum]] == ::Thank you ! . :) [[Usor:פארוק|פארוק]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:פארוק|disputatio]]) 05:38, 24 Augusti 2012 (UTC) :::Your welcome! :)[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 05:41, 24 Augusti 2012 (UTC) == Municipia Philippinarum == Hi, Jondel. I moved [[Abulug, Cagayan]] to [[Abulug]] and one other page similarly. I did this because I think we don't need to add the disambiguating word -- there is no other place with this name. If I'm wrong and we ''do'' need it after all -- it's up to you really -- our practice is to add it in parentheses, i.e. "Abulug (Cagayan)", so, if you prefer, go ahead and move again to that pagename. OK? I've suggested moving the category [[:Categoria:Municipium Philippinarum]] because our normal rule is to have category names in the plural. If you see any problem with that, please comment on the talk page -- Thanks -- [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:45, 3 Septembris 2012 (UTC) :I was merely following the schemas at the English wiki. I will follow your lead for Categories etc. I forgot about the plurarility norms, sorry.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 22:57, 3 Septembris 2012 (UTC) ::No problem. It's good to have the new pages! I will move the category. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:35, 4 Septembris 2012 (UTC) :::Ok.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:54, 4 Septembris 2012 (UTC) == Picture at [[:Categoria:Palladium]] == I removed the picture and instead put in a link to Commons, where all the pictures can be found. We don't usually illustrate categories -- better maybe to encourage readers to look at the page [[Palladium]]. I hope that's OK, Jondel. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:30, 18 Septembris 2012 (UTC) :No busted Aneurysms here, so, uh its ok.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:34, 18 Septembris 2012 (UTC) ::That's good. Have a nice day :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:37, 18 Septembris 2012 (UTC) :::Have a nice day too Andrew :)![[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:44, 18 Septembris 2012 (UTC) == De regibus Francorum == Thanks, Jondel! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:26, 3 Octobris 2012 (UTC) :Ow. Your welcome![[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:42, 3 Octobris 2012 (UTC) == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Donor information pages == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Donor information pages|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Donor information pages]] is available for translation. 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You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+September+2012&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+September+2012&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+September+2012&language=es translate to Spanish] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Please consider helping non-English-language Wikimedia communities to stay updated on the most important Wikimedia Foundation activities, MediaWiki development work and other international Wikimedia news from September. You are receiving this message because you signed up to the translation notification system. 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You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FSrikeit%26Noopur+Appeal&language=ja translate to Japanese] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-11-14. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 11:54, 9 Novembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Landing Page and Banner messages == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Landing Page and Banner messages|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Landing Page and Banner messages]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FLanding+Page+and+Banner+messages&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FLanding+Page+and+Banner+messages&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FLanding+Page+and+Banner+messages&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-11-21. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 16:55, 14 Novembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Thank you letter == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Thank you letter|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Thank you letter]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FThank+you+letter&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FThank+you+letter&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FThank+you+letter&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-11-21. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 14:43, 15 Novembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Thanks == I thank you too for your precious work. I can see that you and Nuada create each days a lot of new new pages. I hope that with your help we could reach in 2013 the 100'000 pages. Ciao [[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Helveticus montanus|disputatio]]) 05:52, 20 Novembris 2012 (UTC) == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-12. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Impact_Of_Wikipedia.webm If you have any questions, post: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fundraising_2012/Translation</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 18:13, 27 Novembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Highlights, October 2012 == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Wikimedia Highlights, October 2012|Wikimedia Highlights, October 2012]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+October+2012&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+October+2012&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+October+2012&language=es translate to Spanish] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Please consider helping non-English-language Wikimedia communities to stay updated on the most important Wikimedia Foundation activities, MediaWiki development work and other international Wikimedia news from October. You are receiving this message because you signed up to the translation notification system. Questions about this system can be asked at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Translation_requests ], and you can manage your subscription at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup ].</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 07:47, 1 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Highlights, October 2012 == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Wikimedia Highlights, October 2012|Wikimedia Highlights, October 2012]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+October+2012&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+October+2012&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+October+2012&language=es translate to Spanish] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Please consider helping non-English-language Wikimedia communities to stay updated on the most important Wikimedia Foundation activities, MediaWiki development work and other international Wikimedia news from October. You are receiving this message because you signed up to the translation notification system. Questions about this system can be asked at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Translation_requests ], and you can manage your subscription at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup ].</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 00:11, 4 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-12. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Impact_Of_Wikipedia.webm If you have any questions, post: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fundraising_2012/Translation</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 00:55, 4 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Highlights, October 2012 == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Wikimedia Highlights, October 2012|Wikimedia Highlights, October 2012]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+October+2012&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+October+2012&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+October+2012&language=es translate to Spanish] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Please consider helping non-English-language Wikimedia communities to stay updated on the most important Wikimedia Foundation activities, MediaWiki development work and other international Wikimedia news from October. You are receiving this message because you signed up to the translation notification system. Questions about this system can be asked at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Translation_requests ], and you can manage your subscription at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup ].</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 01:16, 4 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Minamoto == Dear Jondel, I apologize but when I corrected your sentence I missunderstood what you wished to tell. In any case with the word cognatus of course, as you rightly say, with dative the problem is solved. Ciao --[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Helveticus montanus|disputatio]]) 13:33, 4 Decembris 2012 (UTC) == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-12. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Impact_Of_Wikipedia.webm If you have any questions, post: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fundraising_2012/Translation</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 17:53, 4 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-12. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Impact_Of_Wikipedia.webm If you have any questions, post: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fundraising_2012/Translation</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 19:11, 4 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-12. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 00:00, 5 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-12. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:38, 5 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == The invisible wall == I mentioned it on my talk page. It surrounds categories that are biographies of real, single people. For that reason, it isn't possible to make "Gemini ficticii" etc. subcategories of "Gemini" -- because the "Gemini" are real people and the "Gemini ficticii" are not. Don't worry about it, but that's why I had to revert you. Instead, we can link the two categories with a "vide etiam", and that's what I will now do :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:32, 5 Decembris 2012 (UTC) :Why do they have to be different concepts? Gemini is /are about Geminis whether they are real or not. Geminis can be real they can be fictional. Gemini is a concept of twin. I do not see the logic and may open a debate at the taberna. We are probably the only wikipedia who makes that distinction. I can directly read and verify this in wikipedias of 7 languages, so can you in other languages that you know. This is ridiculous and seems cultic and obsessive! [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:39, 5 Decembris 2012 (UTC) ::It isn't cultic, it's practical ... Yes, by all means ask on the Taberna. I think UV will be able to explain more clearly than I can, but, if he doesn't comment, I'll have a go! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:45, 5 Decembris 2012 (UTC) :::Strangely, the [[Cynthia Crawford]] question is relevant ... her website says she is a twin but with no genetic relationship to the other twin. So, is she a real human, and is she a real twin? We are on the edge of madness here, Jondel ... :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:07, 5 Decembris 2012 (UTC) :::::If you would, fictional twin but not real twin, (--real person--) . This madness ! <s>This is SPARTAAAA!</s> Opus est mihi abire. Me paenitet ita nobis deliberandum est.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:15, 5 Decembris 2012 (UTC) == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-12. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 00:15, 6 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Highlights, November 2012 == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Wikimedia Highlights, November 2012|Wikimedia Highlights, November 2012]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+November+2012&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+November+2012&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+November+2012&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Please consider helping non-English-language Wikimedia communities to stay updated about the most important Wikimedia Foundation activities, MediaWiki development work and other international Wikimedia news from last month. Completed translations will be announced on Facebook, Twitter, Identi.ca and project village pumps. If you have questions about the translation notifications system, you can ask them at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Translation_requests ]. You can manage your subscription at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup ].</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 16:45, 12 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Orabile Mudongo video (captions) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Orabile Mudongo video (captions)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Orabile Mudongo video (captions)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FOrabile+Mudongo+video+%28captions%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FOrabile+Mudongo+video+%28captions%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FOrabile+Mudongo+video+%28captions%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-20. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 11:45, 13 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Erlan Vega video (captions) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Erlan Vega video (captions)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Erlan Vega video (captions)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FErlan+Vega+video+%28captions%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FErlan+Vega+video+%28captions%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FErlan+Vega+video+%28captions%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-20. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Editor video captions</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 17:06, 14 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Adrianne Wadewitz video (captions) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Adrianne Wadewitz video (captions)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Adrianne Wadewitz video (captions)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FAdrianne+Wadewitz+video+%28captions%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FAdrianne+Wadewitz+video+%28captions%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FAdrianne+Wadewitz+video+%28captions%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-24. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Impact_of_Wikipedia_Adrianne_Wadewitz.webm Video link for reference</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 15:19, 18 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Howard Morland video (captions) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Howard Morland video (captions)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Howard Morland video (captions)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FHoward+Morland+video+%28captions%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FHoward+Morland+video+%28captions%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FHoward+Morland+video+%28captions%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-24. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AThe_Impact_of_Wikipedia_Howard_Morland.webm Video link for reference</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 13:05, 19 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Smartphone == Salve Jondel! Quum dictionarium meum non harum machinarum aetate ediderint, ecquidem publicum verbo 'smartphone' comparem commendare nequeo. Aliis vero Latinitatis hodiernae diurnis, sicut in [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/scientiae.php Ephemeride] verbum a te quaesitum reperietur: ''scopophonium'' (vide secundam notationem). --[[Usor:Martinus Poeta Juvenis|Martinus Vester]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Martinus Poeta Juvenis|disputatio]]) 18:40, 1 Ianuarii 2013 (UTC) :Gratias tibi ago Martinus!! Magnum auxilium est.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:31, 3 Ianuarii 2013 (UTC) Ave Jondel, auxiliandi causa sine tibi dicam, nisi fallor, lapsus esse ''scopophonium'' attamen ''sophophonum'' lectus esse in Ephemeris, et denuntiem etiam translatio a Élizabeth Antébi et Marie-France Saignes oblata pro verbo anglice "smartphone" in "Pullus Micolellus Latina lingua" "sollerterphonascum" fuisse. --[[Usor:Leonellus Pons|Leonellus Pons]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Leonellus Pons|disputatio]]) 15:25, 3 Ianuarii 2013 (UTC) :Ave Leonellus! Prosperus annus tibi! Optime monitus es mihi, gratias. Adeo, tibi, sollerterphonascum melius sit? Emendabo ita. Sed si vis, emenda si tibi placeat.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:15, 4 Ianuarii 2013 (UTC) :Aah! lapsus meus! Me paenitet![[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:00, 4 Ianuarii 2013 (UTC) == Nove == Salve, Jondel, in [[apostoli]]s siglum "<nowiki>{{dubsig}}</nowiki>" addideram formae ''nove'', quia, quid significet, non intellexi. Cum hoc siglum removisti, indicasti te, quid ''nove'' hic significet, intellegere. Velim, sodes, mihi dicas, quid ''nove'' hic tibi significare videatur. Quod scio, ''nove'' idem valet ac 'inusitate; insolito modo', sed in hunc contextum parum quadrare videtur. Num quid me fallit? [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 04:09, 1 Februarii 2013 (UTC) :Salve Neander. Certe dicere velim. Tibi, non te fallit. In isto contexto credo sit anglice "newly". Nunc in perseo(perseus) fontem licet mihi repperiam. Quamquam fons mea est Whitaker words. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:30, 1 Februarii 2013 (UTC) Sodes vide: http://athirdway.com/glossa/?s=novus (Sed adhunc reppero in perseo) En, tandem: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=novus&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059 Coniugatus mihi videtur (sed fontem non habeo) cum "denuo" et hispanice "denuevo". Laetus sum quod cures. Si tibi placeat muta.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:53, 1 Februarii 2013 (UTC) :Apud Cassell's legimus Anglicum ''newly'' Latine significare 'nuper, modo, recens', et Latinum ''nove'' Anglice significare 'in a new or unusual manner'; 'lately, recently'; 'lastly, in the last place'. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 05:13, 1 Februarii 2013 (UTC) ::Gloria ad Cassell's!! (Gratias tibi ago Iacobus!)[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 05:20, 1 Februarii 2013 (UTC) Iam Viator noster rem prudenter solvit. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 11:22, 1 Februarii 2013 (UTC) :Optime! --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:47, 1 Februarii 2013 (UTC) ==[[Mindanaum]]== Hi, Jondel. I found this Latin name for the island so I have moved the page and created a category. Hope that's OK by you? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:14, 25 Februarii 2013 (UTC) :Yes. Amazing work! It is soo hard to dig up those sources!! Great![[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:24, 25 Februarii 2013 (UTC) ::Since attestations exist, Vicipaedia probably has to cite them, but note the false linguistics involved in assuming that an ''-o'' that ends Austronesian words is equivalent to the Latin stem-vowel ''-o-'' (a sign of the second declension, supporting the nominative singular in ''-um''). A terminal Austronesian ''-o'' is usually an inseparable part of the root, which the transformation may damage beyond recognition: imagine the River ''Beck'' becoming the River ''Beum.'' Working backward from the Latin, how should we get ''Beck''—and not, say, ''Bear'' or ''Begg'' or ''Bell'' or ''Benn'' or ''Beth''—out of ''Beum''&thinsp;? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:48, 25 Februarii 2013 (UTC) :::I appreciate your looking into this Iacobus! I have to investigate this but I have soo little time lately.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:10, 1 Martii 2013 (UTC) ::::I've recently added a map picture, but couldn't translate "south-east". How do we say that in Latin? Of course feel free to change picture if you find a better one. ::::[[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 14:41, 1 Martii 2013 (UTC). :::::Stearn offers the phrase ''versus meridiem et orientem a loco dicto'' 'southeast of the place named'. Also, you'll find ''meridiorientalis'' and ''meridio-orientalis.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:52, 1 Martii 2013 (UTC) ::::::Thanks Donatallo and Iacobus. I would have said australis orientalis but meridiorientalis is probably better. I can barely do wikipedia now days. I might correct the picture description to say just south. regards.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:57, 1 Martii 2013 (UTC) :::::::Thanks Iacobus. Good to know. :::::::You're welcome Jondel. I've recently added more in [[Davao City]] (city lieing in Mindanao). Anybody who knows any name(s) in Latin? :::::::[[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 16:11, 1 Martii 2013 (UTC). ::::::::The adjective "Davaensis" (as you may know already) is attested in Catholic and taxonomic sources, but I haven't as yet encountered a noun. Considering what Iacobus rightly says, above, I would not care to invent one. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:54, 1 Martii 2013 (UTC) == Respublica Coreana? == Salve, Jondel! Nescio quid habeas in mente cum paene omnia verba e pagina [[Respublica Coreana|de Re Publica Coreana]] removeas. Pagina nunc in medio verbo "dan..." terminat. Num lapsus digitorum fuit? Nolo recensionem revertere nisi re vera error sit. [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 12:18, 11 Martii 2013 (UTC) :Nescio quod evinit, solum datas praesorum verti. Nam me paenitet. Licet mihi inspiciam nunc. Patientias tibi , omnibus, gratias .[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:26, 11 Martii 2013 (UTC) ::Bene est: fac omnia, quae necesse sit! [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 12:27, 11 Martii 2013 (UTC) :::Iam bene videtur. Me certiorem fecisti gratias tibi ago.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:33, 11 Martii 2013 (UTC) == salve == Salve Jondel! Quaeso ignoscas me absentem tibi non rescripsisse. --[[Usor:Martinus Poeta Juvenis|Martinus Vester]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Martinus Poeta Juvenis|disputatio]]) 11:45, 17 Aprilis 2013 (UTC) :Salve Martinus. Non molestia. Utinam valeas. Solum volui repperire vox pro "Credit card" quam iam repperi tandem in dictionario Traupman. Iam est res [[Tabella tributaria]]. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:59, 17 Aprilis 2013 (UTC) == The Others == Hello Jondel. :) Maybe you also watched the television series [[Lost]] long time ago. The article here says that "The Others" (the native of the island) speak Latin. Do you know anything of this? As you also have worked much about the Philippines, do you also know any Latin name for the neighbour island Sumatra? I came to this recently about Sumatra when I was working here about [[Pongo|orangutans]]. [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 23:39, 25 Maii 2013 (UTC). :Hi Donatello. Want to create an article about the others? This is from the English wiki:<nowiki>revealed that [[Jacob (Lost)|Jacob]] and [[Man in Black (Lost)|his brother]] were born to a woman named Claudia whose crew were shipwrecked on the island and spoke [[Latin]] (this also indicates that the episode was set many centuries ago, when this language was still in common usage). </nowiki>. There are episodes where they use latin like with that fertility doctor. Check out youtube. I do not know of any latin name for Sumatra. Check out Egger's ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum'' .[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:22, 26 Maii 2013 (UTC) :Check [http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=the+others+latin&oq=the+others+latin&gs_l=youtube.3...1270.3931.0.4951.16.12.0.4.4.0.88.918.12.12.0...0.0...1ac.1.11.youtube.yKkMiYD2FrQ this] out.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:26, 26 Maii 2013 (UTC) ::I see. :) Big thanks. -- [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 11:40, 26 Maii 2013 (UTC). :::Welcome :).[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:41, 26 Maii 2013 (UTC) ::::Hello again. :) They used the phrase ''si placet'', showing in the translation as 'please'. Do you know any Latin phrase for 'please' like that? I never heard that before. The translations are made by Lost, not the user, but the user putted the Latin text. ::::[[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 16:12, 2 Iunii 2013 (UTC). :::::Yes, 'please'.(Here, the equivalent 'amabo te' is used by others) Si tibi placet, yada yada. If it pleases you, yada yada. Was it that fertility doctor asking about Ricardo to the others? Please look up (Si tibi placet/placeat, if it pleases/would-please you vide )the etymology of 'please' in English, French and Latin. I learn by conversing with myself using the dictionary.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 09:13, 3 Iunii 2013 (UTC) ::::::I see. Thanks again. :) -- [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 14:35, 3 Iunii 2013 (UTC). :::::::While we were discussing this, at the same time coincidentaly I asked what [[:Disputatio_Categoriae:Signa_medica|stp]] means. Its a divine act of the sphaghetti monster!![[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:55, 4 Iunii 2013 (UTC) == Something more == Greetings again. Maybe you'll find this interesting: [http://www.pagef30.com/2010/04/final-fantasy-for-nes-now-available-in.html "Final Fantasy"] (the first game in its series; to NES) and [http://www.geekologie.com/2009/02/finally-zelda-ii-has-been-tran.php "Zelda II: The Adventure of Link"] (the second game in its series; to NES) in Latin. It can be interesting when Latin is used in popular culture. I've added these links to the articles about Final Fantasy (both in the game and the game series) and The Legend of Zelda (here only in the game series, then there are no article yet about the game). [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 11:30, 7 Iunii 2013 (UTC). :Mehercule! Wow. I haven't played computer games in a long time. I looked at the link. Hmm. Lets see.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:47, 7 Iunii 2013 (UTC) == [[Scientiae Baccalaureus]] == I added a "Non stipula" because there are a couple of things missing, Jondel, but I expect you're still at work -- that's fine, no problem -- take it away again :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:40, 15 Iunii 2013 (UTC) :Ok. Great. I will complete it now as best as I can. Regards.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 09:24, 17 Iunii 2013 (UTC) == [[Sabbatum]] == Yes, let's chill :) Do you want to do more today, Jondel, or shall I have a go? Maybe it's your bedtime! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:11, 15 Iulii 2013 (UTC) :I might be working some more. Although its past bedtime. Its great that you organize these issues. But honestly I'm grateful for Iacobus' inputs. (certainly no need to 'Restoring the general --yada yada waatever --' though)There is not much else I can say. Well I am indeed confused with the other Sabbath articles. I'm watching you tube now as well as browsing vicipedia, fixing stuff. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:36, 15 Iulii 2013 (UTC) == Categoriae Iaponenses == Hi, Jondel. Notice that I categorized some pages that were under [[:Categoria:Iaponia]] into subcategories that seemed more suitable. If I did anything silly, feel free to correct it or change back! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:29, 6 Augusti 2013 (UTC) :Great work! I'm a bit forgetful (and thus silly too! :) ). So I guess we'll have to bear with each other! Of course I will try to follow your lead.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:32, 6 Augusti 2013 (UTC) == Cybernetique == Hello Jondel. I wonder if this word is French. If so, it can be good to mention like this in these two articles and others: "...a physico mathematico Andreas Maria Ampère ''"cybernetique"'' (Francogallicee) in eius..." and "...primus sicut ''"cybernetique"'' (Francogallice) inlatus...". It will be good for the readers what language it belongs to. -- [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 15:26, 12 Augusti 2013 (UTC). :Good suggestion. I think I will do that now.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:54, 13 Augusti 2013 (UTC) == [[Tosa Inu]] == Greetings Jondel. :) You who know Japanese, could you help out about the Latin name written there? Does it corresponds to the Japanese name? -- [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 02:40, 18 Augusti 2013 (UTC). :'Inu' is dog. I have to look at Tosa and will do so now.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 17:48, 18 Augusti 2013 (UTC) == [[:simple:Shadow]] == Salve, Jondel. I read Latin better than I write it, so: What do you want me to fix in the article on ''simplewiki?'' [[Usor:StevenJ81|StevenJ81]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:StevenJ81|disputatio]]) 16:18, 20 Augusti 2013 (UTC) :Thanks for looking into this. The articles are supposed to be "simple" . (Licet mihi latinam :) ) Etiam mihi videtur scripta ab non nativa. Per exemplia gratia ,cur in gentium sit verbum "circuit"? Mihi nullo refert. Autem tu non sis obligatus emendare solum si velis. Fieri potest ego etiam emendam. Minime res emendari debet quo facilior intelligere omnibus maxime ab legentibus quorum lingua paterna non sit anglice. Gratias tibi ago. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:36, 20 Augusti 2013 (UTC) :Please feel free and you may have to remove things there that are not related to "Shadows" like circuit etc.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:39, 20 Augusti 2013 (UTC) ::I understand your point. I templated that page, and if someone else does not address it shortly I will. [[Usor:StevenJ81|StevenJ81]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:StevenJ81|disputatio]]) 20:08, 20 Augusti 2013 (UTC) == Alcoholici Anonymi == Multas gratias tibi propter tuam paginam de [[Alcoholici Anonymi|Alcoholicis Anonymis]], quia ego scio paucum de hac societate plusque de alia (de qua spero scribere tardiore tempore). [[Usor:Kraŭs|Kraŭs]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Kraŭs|disputatio]]) 12:22, 23 Augusti 2013 (UTC) :Gatias tibi ago. Autem magis meliore cupio quam fieri potest.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:44, 23 Augusti 2013 (UTC) == how are you? == Seing you here I hope you did not have problem with the typhon. Vale. [[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Helveticus montanus|disputatio]]) 14:16, 11 Novembris 2013 (UTC) :Thank you for your concern! What a horrible disaster! Equally strange, Manila where I live was totally safe! It was like an onrushing truck that suddenly veered away. A relative of mine has no roof in the province.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:21, 11 Novembris 2013 (UTC) == Help translating from english == Hello and thanks for you offer to help. Here is the article I want to translate. I tried to translate all the link that I found in your wiki. [[Usor:Xaris333/Nea Salamis Famagusta FC]]. The English article is [[:en:Nea Salamina Famagusta FC]]. [[Usor:Xaris333|Xaris333]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Xaris333|disputatio]]) 20:58, 6 Decembris 2013 (UTC) :Ok. I've started writing the article here:[[/SalaminaFootball]].[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 07:09, 8 Decembris 2013 (UTC) == Microwave oven == Hi Jondel. :) Maybe you can help with this; I do not really think that the Latin name ''[[Furnus brevibus undis agens]]'' for "microwave oven" we have as the article name is good. It's long and describing. This name might work instead in poetry. Maybe you are able to add another name? :) -- [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 18:38, 18 Decembris 2013 (UTC). :I would like to work on this. Let look into my sources. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:28, 21 Decembris 2013 (UTC) == [[Satya Nadella]] == We conflicted, Jondel -- we were at work at the same moment. Please check that the result is OK by you! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:14, 17 Februarii 2014 (UTC) :Thanks, we'll do! Just a question Andhrae Pradesae with 'e' was meant to be locative?[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:18, 17 Februarii 2014 (UTC) ::It was meant to be genitive: Hyderabad of Andhra Pradesh, like Bethlehem of Judaea. But I wasn't sure whether to do it with this Indian name or not. When I saw that you took out the declension, I thought, maybe Jondel's right, it looks strange: so I left it your way and added "civitatis" to show the genitive. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:34, 17 Februarii 2014 (UTC) :::I was conforming to the ablative of '[https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satya_Nadella&diff=next&oldid=2702017 urbe]'. I would like show the gentive (with the 'e's) then, conforming to your above statement. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:50, 17 Februarii 2014 (UTC) == ''ut'' and ''ad'' == Salve Jondel! I wanted to explain why I made changes to your sentences with "ut" on [[Membrum]]. Using "ut" with just an infinitive is not usually possible. In order to say "they use the limbs to carry things", you have a choice between "ut + subjunctive" or "ad + gerund/gerundive". So "membris utantur ut res ferant" or "membris utantur ad res ferendas". Also, it's important to note that the verb "utor" takes the ablative, i.e. "re utor" and not "*res utor". Vale, [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 17:00, 22 Martii 2014 (UTC) :You are right on the usage of ut. Utor ussually is used with the ablative but not always. I've seen instances with accusative and genitve. Thanks for letting me know.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 18:37, 24 Martii 2014 (UTC) :: Jondel, you're right but notice that "''utor'' + accusative" is vulgar Latin (attested in archaic comedy [Plautus], rustic speech [sometimes exemplified by scriptores rerum rusticarum], some inscriptions, etc) but that's not the register we're supposed to follow. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 19:02, 25 Martii 2014 (UTC) ::: I will try to stick to using ablative with this case and indeed would like to use good latin.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:52, 26 Martii 2014 (UTC) == Membrum == Hi, Jondel. I'm sorry if my summarium seemed unhelpful -- I saw your reply! To explain more fully, I'm quite sure that Traupman did not write "articulatus extremus" (which was what you had put in the text, perhaps by mistake). And I'm sure he didn't write "articulus extremus", which was what you meant to write. That would mean "Outermost joint". It wouldn't be a correct equivalent for "membrum". OK, so what do you do? You want to cite Traupman, but you shouldn't attribute to him a phrase which is your own guesswork. I often have this same problem. This is my solution: I suggest it in case it helps you too. You cite your source in the footnote, and also -- in the footnote itself -- you put exactly what he wrote, in his original language, inside quote marks. This is exactly what I did this evening at [[Monasterium Sancti Georgii in Manganis]]. I devised a Latin name for it, based on two sources that give shorter names (also Latin). So, in footnotes 1 and 2, I give their exact texts, in quotes. That way, I am not being unfair to those sources. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:00, 24 Martii 2014 (UTC) :You are right. It is great that you take control of these matters Andrew. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 15:46, 25 Martii 2014 (UTC) :I am examining your exemple and will attempt the same.I really would like to address the issue that membrum is popular in the sense of 'organ'. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:18, 25 Martii 2014 (UTC) == [[Marius (persona ficticia)]] == Hi, Jondel Please look at this page again. I needed to revert some vandalism, so your latest changes were lost. They were very small, so I hoped you would forgive me ... :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:22, 25 Martii 2014 (UTC) :Uhh I will see what I can do. This is big article.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]])--- == "Welcome back" == If he's Kotter, I guess we must be the Sweathogs? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:29, 2 Aprilis 2014 (UTC) :Ha ha! :) Kotter was a founding member of the Sweathogs(original rejected high school student).eg You really are you own teacher and sweathog. We can't help but return to our (dysfunctional) roots. 'Welcome back Kotter' is just meant to be an expression.(From the title of the popular tv series back then)--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:36, 3 Aprilis 2014 (UTC) == thank you == [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Gesticulatoria_Nicaraguensis&diff=next&oldid=2774248 ^_^]... --[[Usor:SurdusVII|SurdusVII]] [[Disputatio Usoris:SurdusVII|''(LIS)'']] 10:03, 1 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :Your welcome, I', m glad you liked it. Btw, I am interested in learning sign language. Se habla espanol?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 10:48, 1 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::hola, no hablan mucho español, pero sé un nivel 1... :) --[[Usor:SurdusVII|SurdusVII]] [[Disputatio Usoris:SurdusVII|''(LIS)'']] 12:03, 1 Augusti 2014 (UTC) Vale. Que tenga suerte!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:51, 2 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :Jondel, you removed the Latinitas -5 at [[Lingua Gesticulatoria Portugallensis]]. I reverted you, because previously the sentence was just about meaningful, but after your edit it is not Latin at all, so -5 is the best I can say. What do you mean to say with "pro sermone 84.000 surditate Portugallia"? What is the word "surdate" that you have used on other similar pages? I'm puzzled. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:46, 3 Augusti 2014 (UTC) I'm sorry Andrew. surdate was supposed to be surditate. Pro sermone ...= in place of speech for 84.0000 deaf in Portugal. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:56, 3 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::This ''84.000 surditate'' does not mean '84,000 deaf [people]', and ''Portugallia'' does not mean 'in Portugal'. Little things matter. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:58, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) Do you think we can fix this?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:56, 3 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :Thanks, I get it. Unluckily "surditate" doesn't mean "for deaf" but "by deafness", and "Portugallia" doesn't mean "in Portugal" but just "Portugal". And we have to express "in place of speech" carefully if that is what we want to say, because this is a real language, not in place of a language. :I'm sure we can say something useful, yes! The trouble is, our contributor is not giving us a good basis. It's interesting that there are these sign languages, and it's interesting to know the number of deaf in each country, but that number doesn't have a simple relationship to the use of the language. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:46, 3 Augusti 2014 (UTC) Your welcome and thanks for looking into to these. To return, 'by deafness' is what is understood when we use the ablative. Can we assume the dative which has the same appearance/form to mean 'for the deaf'? --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:26, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :The dative singular of ''surditas'' does not have "the same appearance/form" as the ablative singular. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:58, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::I'm not sure if I'm understood. Isn't this form 'surditate' both dative and ablative? --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 03:06, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :::No, ''surditate'' is not dative. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:00, 21 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::In its dative sense, can't it mean 'for the deaf' ? --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 03:06, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :::It can mean 'for deafness'. 'For (the benefit of)' is one of the senses of the dative. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:00, 21 Augusti 2014 (UTC) Is it possible, in the other hand, to use hominibus surdium to mean the same? Thanks for looking into this Iacobus.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:26, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :No, it is not. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:58, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) About the numbers of deaf in each country, can I insert 100 hominibus surdium to mean 'for 100 deaf persons'? --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:26, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::No. The word ''hominibus'' and the nonword ''surdium'' obviously can't go together. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:00, 21 Augusti 2014 (UTC) I think hominibus can be left out since I read in a chapter of latin grammar that you can use the genitive characteristic directly and the 'person' 'friends' 'relatives' and 'people' are assumed. eg. I saw his relatives.= Vidi suorum. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:26, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) For the no. of deafs, I will try to check the sources and refer to the English wiki.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:49, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :You are right that adjectives and possessive pronouns can be used substantively, with "homines", "cognati", "amici", etc. implied. But this has nothing to do with the genitive. "He saw his people" = "Suos vidit". I don't think it's usual with ''eius/eorum'': "I saw his people" = <s>"Eius vidi"</s> "Cognatos eius vidi". You can also use the adjective ''surdus'', "deaf", as a substantive: "I gave books to a hundred deaf people" = "Centum surdis libros dedi". ''Surditas'' means "deafness", the condition, and its dative (which you can easily [[:en:wikt:surditas|look up]]) is ''surditati''. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 18:06, 21 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::If memory serves (and datives usually follow direct objects), in ''Centum surdis libros dedi'' the dative is being featured, so the sentence might be glossed 'It was to a hundred deaf people that I gave the books'. That's in isolation, of course; context might dictate otherwise. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:56, 21 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :::Hmm, [http://books.google.com/books?id=qngXAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA430 Gildersleeve] actually gives "indirect object, direct object' as the usual order, but anyway, in the case of this imaginary sentence, I'm fine with whatever interpretation the reader chooses. :) [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 16:43, 23 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::::Professor Gildersleeve was apparently wrong! Devine & Stephens, having crunched zillions of sentences, conclude: "A default order clearly emerges from the data. What is that default order? Conflating the various argument structures analyed[,] we come up with the following overall order :::::Subj DO IO/Obl Adj Goal/Source Nonref-DO V ::::or in English: Subject—Direct Object—Indirect Object or Oblique argument—Adjunct—Goal or Source argument—Nonreferential Direct Object—Verb" (''Latin Word Order,'' p. 79). Later, on the next page, they explain: "We note right away that, if we can identify the Latin inflected dative with the English prepositional recipient, the order of arguments and adjuncts is the same as in English." The first two (of seven) examples on the next page are "praedam militi (dedit) / (gave) the booty to the soldiers" [ecce typo (''militi'' pro ''militibus'')!] and "scribas anulis in contione (donarunt) / (presented) their scribes with rings in the assembly." (They don't point out that equally good Latin for the latter might be "anulos scribis in contione (donarunt).") For a feel for the linguistic analysis offered in this book, read this explanation of a larger version of the latter (which, btw, is simplified from Cicero, ''In Verrem,'' 2.3.185): "This says roughly that our generals as agents and their scribes as patients and gold rings as instruments and their respective assemblies as location are involved in a presentation relationship" (p. 83). :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:39, 23 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :::::Btw, D&S aren't being complete enough in speaking of identifying just "the Latin inflected dative with the English prepositional recipient." The second example quoted above, at least to my ears, involves the ablative plural (''anulis''), not the dative plural (also ''anulis''). But the discussion on p. 80 shows understanding of this, and the broader point remains: several sorts of arguments (including indirect objects and instruments) canonically go between the direct object and the verb. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:50, 23 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::::::Thanks, I'll have to read that! We can perhaps excuse Gildersleeve since he didn't distinguish referential from non-referential direct objects, though if I understand the term correctly, my ''libros'' is definitely referential, so it would more commonly come before the I.O., as you say. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 21:11, 23 Augusti 2014 (UTC) THANK YOU VERY MUCH for this discussion, Iacobus, Lesgles. It may take me a while (actually a very LONG time)to process this .[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 10:31, 24 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::: It may be rash to suggest that professor Gildersleeve was wrong. There are other studies (such as ''Word order between morphology and syntax'' by Chiara Polo, 2004: 222) that come up with the same conclusion. With all due respect to D&S's awesome book, let me pick up the authors' pithy statement that Latin word order is “grammatically free but pragmatically fixed" (p.29). Indeed, but given that Latin word order is syntactically variable, one wonders why the basic order is formulated in syntactic terms. It is the framework of generative grammar that leads to positing a basic word order for a free word order language and to dealing with exceptions in terms of "scramblings" and other more or less mystical movements. But many "deviations" are too numerous to be just deviations. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 18:59, 24 Augusti 2014 (UTC) == Superheroes == Hi, Jondel. Going through the recent pages, I see problems with some of these pages. # They contain hidden text. Why? When do you intend to remove it? Hidden text makes the editing screen confusing. It should normally be removed by the time you have finished your work on a page, except in special cases where it is intended to help other editors. # The external links seem to be to the DC Comics or Marvel Comics home page, not to anything specific about the hero concerned. This doesn't support your text. The result, when the hidden text is removed and the link doesn't help, is that the page may become a non-stipula. I am marking some as non-stipula, but you are of course very welcome to improve them, or to replace the Non-stipula with In-progressu if you are still at work on these pages. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:43, 21 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :Ok. Andrew, I will be working on removing them. Also if an article is about 2 sentences or less, I would be leaving a stipula notice.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:32, 22 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::The Non-stipula formula is precise about this: to qualify as a stipula, an article must have at least 200 characters, and it won't be a stipula if it has 199 characters but otherwise meets the stated criteria. For any text, you can find the number of characters after the word ''Magnitudo'' under the editbox (after you've clicked "Monstrare praevisum"). On my screen, such a number prints just above "Mutata tua statim visibilia erunt!"—but the location may differ on your screen. ¶ Strangely, considering that we're dealing with computerization here, the number of characters that the program produces under "Magnitudo" as just described differs a little from reality, but nobody has responded to my queries about this anomaly. On the practical consequences of having too many stipulas, see the new heading below. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:57, 15 Octobris 2014 (UTC) Hi, Jondel. I had a small problem with [[Fe del Mundo]] and [[Ram Bahadur Bomjon]]: no external source of information. I'm sure that you could add a link to an external source, or a reference to a book. Once that's done, you can take off the "Non stipula" tag! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:15, 15 Octobris 2014 (UTC) ::Ok. I will work on this.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 22:24, 17 Octobris 2014 (UTC) ==What's a stub?== How many characters does a short text need before it becomes unmarked as a stipula, and thus is promoted from the status of a stub to the status of an article? That is: what's the ''upper'' limit of a stipula? I'd suggest 2000 characters on average, or even 1750, but consensus may be lacking. A practical reason for concern over this question is that stubs reduce a wiki's so-called depth—a concept that Meta uses as a measure of quality: the greater the ratio of stubs to articles, the lower the quality of the enterprise. Compared with other wikis of about the same size, Vicipaedia scores unexpectedly low. This state of affairs must partly be due to thousands of stipula-marked articles produced by our European hamlet-loving contributors. For example: [[Cusinum]], from which I've recently removed the stipula mark because the text fills up a whole screen-page and therefore doesn't (subjectively) look like a stub on my screen. The way the quality-assessing game is played forces participants to be cautious about calling texts stubs. Every new article marked as a stub '''''reduces''''' the supposed '''''quality''''' of the enterprise. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:57, 15 Octobris 2014 (UTC) :Instead of an absolute number, perhaps some number on a sliding scale relating to the "ideal" size of a given topic would be more appropriate, but although we may have a (subjective) sense of these proportions, finding objective criteria might be impossible. For example, a 2000-character article on [[Bellum Orbis Terrarum|WWII]] would be woefully inadequate (we'd all surely agree), and such a text should indeed be marked as a stub, as might a 3000-character or even a 4000-character article on that topic, whereas the mere 751.3 characters of [[Caychax]]—a settlement consisting of ''twelve'' people!—might be more than anyone, except perhaps the residents of the locality, and their friends and relatives, would ever want to know, and so maybe that text (and numerous others not unlike it) should be considered an article, rather than a stub. Is there any obective way to make such distinctions? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:57, 15 Octobris 2014 (UTC) ::Perhaps a discussion better held at the Taberna? [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 16:09, 15 Octobris 2014 (UTC) :::OK, let's copy it there. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:22, 15 Octobris 2014 (UTC) == [[Daredevil]] == Hi, Jondel. Thanks for going back there. I now see some relevant stuff at Marvel, but the middle link (supposed to be "toonopedia") doesn't work yet :( [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:17, 2 Novembris 2014 (UTC) Your welcome. Likewise it is good you check up on this. There is a 1964 link at toonopedia. Let me fix that link. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:49, 3 Novembris 2014 (UTC) == [[Antivirus]] == It's fine to recreate the article, Jondel, but you have to make it up to stipula standard (at the very least, more text and an external source of information: an illustration if there is one) or it just gets deleted again in the end ... :( [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:12, 15 Novembris 2014 (UTC) :Well I was wondering about that. You know I made a request regarding its Latin at the Taberna. It seems to have been ignored. I will work to put up some more info and a source and possible an illustration. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:02, 15 Novembris 2014 (UTC) ::I was about to delete [[The Terminator (pellicula 1984)]], but seeing how much work you put into it, I thought I'd give you a last chance! All it needs to save it is an external source of some kind. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:43, 11 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) Ok Andrew.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 19:08, 11 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) == Attribution == Hi, Jondel. Please have look at the page [[Plasticitas]]. Where you write "Fons" with a link to en:wiki, I take it you mean this as an attribution -- that you have translated from en:wiki. Is that right? We just had a discussion on the Taberna about attribution: maybe you missed it. We all agreed that we would do it in one of two ways: either in the summarium, or by starting a talk page and putting the atttribution there. We don't do it on the page itself. At this stage, I suggest, you use the talk page method. It's really easy. Start the talk page and insert <nowiki>{{Attributio|en|Plasticity (physics)}}</nowiki>. OK? I'll leave it to you to do that. You also need to add some relevant external source or external link to this page, otherwise it is a "Non stipula". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:49, 6 Martii 2015 (UTC) ok.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 15:26, 6 Martii 2015 (UTC) == [[Mahathir Mohamad]] == Jondel, I'm looking at the page [[Mahathir Mohamad]]. On 24 February you added a "source" (fons) to it. It's a book published in 1969. How can it possibly be a source for the prime ministership of Mahathir Mohamad, which ran from 1981 to 2003? It looks as if you're writing pure nonsense there! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:50, 24 Martii 2015 (UTC) :It's OK, don't worry about it, I have added a bibliography from en:wiki now. Four books about Mahathir Mohamad! Not bad eh? I also added a bibliography to [[Plasticitas]] (see above) from the same so-generous source :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:52, 24 Martii 2015 (UTC) Not bad!Sorry about Mahathir. Anyway, it is good that you investigate these things. I'll be sure to place better sources.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:05, 25 Martii 2015 (UTC) == Translating the interface in your language, we need your help == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, thanks for working on this wiki in your language. [http://laxstrom.name/blag/2015/02/19/prioritizing-mediawikis-translation-strings/ We updated the list of priority translations] and I write you to let you know. The language used by this wiki (or by you in your preferences) needs [[translatewiki:Translating:Group_statistics|about 100 translations or less]] in the priority list. You're almost done! [[Image:Translatewiki.net logo.svg|frame|link=translatewiki:|{{int:translateinterface}}]] Please [[translatewiki:Special:MainPage|register on translatewiki.net]] if you didn't yet and then '''[[translatewiki:Special:Translate/core-0-mostused|help complete priority translations]]''' (make sure to select your language in the language selector). With a couple hours' work or less, you can make sure that nearly all visitors see the wiki interface fully translated. [[User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 14:06, 26 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meta:Sandbox&oldid=12031713 --> == [[Ferdinandus Mendes Pinto]] == I'm happy you started this page. He is one of my favourite characters! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:55, 7 Iunii 2015 (UTC) :Thank you. Did you read Shogun by James Clavell? Im wondering if he based that portuguese shipment of guns and rifles in Japan on him. He was enslaved, escaped and shipwrecked many times. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 15:49, 7 Iunii 2015 (UTC) == Viscus/Viscera == Hello Jondel, best greetings and wishes from Bavaria. Although being very occupied I will try to contribute to this page started by you! But first of all the title should be o.k. I started a discussion page, let's see, if there will be contributions from good latinists. Certainly wrong is the title "Textus conexivus". To that page I started a discussion page as well. Have a good summer![[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 22:53, 8 Iunii 2015 (UTC) :Greetings from Pasay Philippines and thank you for your response. Did you know I was in Munchen/Munich as a reporter to the electronica expo? I really hope the textus can be solved.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 10:54, 9 Iunii 2015 (UTC) :Textus doesn't seem to be wrong.<ref>De Textus Langenscheidt Pocket Latin Dictionary pagina 465 Tissue- Textus. </ref>--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:06, 10 Iunii 2015 (UTC) Thank you for your help with viscera, textus and others.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:56, 12 Iunii 2015 (UTC) ==Fontes == <references/> == Hermes == Salve, ut paginam disputationis legas, te rogo. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 05:22, 24 Iunii 2015 (UTC) :Ave. Iam respondui. Soleo reddere ex wiki anglice. Cum cures tu vel aliquis emendet , me placet .--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:20, 24 Iunii 2015 (UTC) == Nicolaus Winton == Please. Could I suggest you two little things: 1) not ''in 2015'' or ''in 1924'' but ''anno 2015'' or ''anno 1924'' 2) in the Latin language we use few commas therefore I believe ''die 4 Iulii 2015'' it's better than ''4 Iulii, 2015'' [[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]]. Ciao ([[Disputatio Usoris:Helveticus montanus|disputatio]]) 06:58, 4 Iulii 2015 (UTC) ::Anglice quoque: "July 4, 2015" aut "4 July 2015," sed numquam "4 July, 2015." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:23, 4 Iulii 2015 (UTC) :Yes. It is very good you take time improve this. I will do my best to remember this. Like you and probably many here, we want to write many article but there is so little time and it is easy to forget. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 09:59, 4 Iulii 2015 (UTC) == Radiotherapia == Aliquas emendationes fecit. I've done some corrections, I hope you agree with them. Ciao from Switzerland Max--[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Helveticus montanus|disputatio]]) 06:59, 22 Augusti 2015 (UTC) :As long as you didn't delete content and the latin is decent I am rather appreciative of it. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 06:32, 23 Augusti 2015 (UTC) :Ciao from Pasay, the Philippines.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 06:58, 23 Augusti 2015 (UTC) == Injection, Syringe et Hypodermic needle == Dear Jondel, I have checked in [[Carolus Egger]], ''[[Lexicon Latinum hodiernum]]''' (the written edition, there is also a version on-line [[Lexicon recentis Latinitatis]],, but unfortunately I've not found an answer for these three words. I will try again on the internet. Ciao--[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Helveticus montanus|disputatio]]) 10:38, 23 Augusti 2015 (UTC) :I 've tried thanks anyway. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:00, 23 Augusti 2015 (UTC) ::From Traupman's dictionary: injection = ''iniectio'' and syringe = ''clyster''. ({{TraupmanLatinEng3}}) Hypodermic needle is not in there, but [https://books.google.com/books?id=5gFrbtTM4WMC&pg=PA49 here's] a source for ''acus subcutanea''. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 18:01, 23 Augusti 2015 (UTC) Are you OK with clyster? Do you know what else a 'clyster' refers to? I ' m hesitant.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 22:02, 23 Augusti 2015 (UTC) Thank you very much Lesgles and Helveticus. I will work on this soon.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 22:04, 23 Augusti 2015 (UTC) :If we want to avoid the association with enemas, [http://ruslat.info/display.php?action=view&id=17416&from=word=%F8%EF%F0%E8%F6|type=full|action=search this Russian-Latin dictionary] gives "iniector medicus" for ''syringe''. Otherwise, ''syringe'' comes from medieval Latin ''syringa'', which might be acceptable. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 18:46, 27 Augusti 2015 (UTC) Eugepage! Awesome Lesgles. I will be sure to put this in the notes.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 09:44, 29 Augusti 2015 (UTC) 'acus' is femine. I need to move the article to Acus hypodermica.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 07:30, 31 Augusti 2015 (UTC) == [[Fernão Pires de Andrade]] == Hi, Jondel. You need to go back to the page [[Fernão Pires de Andrade]] fairly quickly! # First, what is his name? Is it Fernão Pires de Andrade or Tomé Pires? Or if it's both, you have to explain. # Second, your footnote says "Madureira 1590-151". What does this mean? Is it a reference? What to? A source reference has to be something that other Wikipedians can follow up: they need to verify your work. # Third, you need to link the page to other wikis. The infobox (capsa) will not work until you do that. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:31, 2 Septembris 2015 (UTC) :My apologies Andrew. I got confused with the Pires name with Tome, started investigating, distracted and eventually forgot about the whole thing.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:15, 3 Septembris 2015 (UTC) ::It happens to me too! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:51, 3 Septembris 2015 (UTC) :] --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:17, 3 Septembris 2015 (UTC) == [[Arjunus]] == Hi, Jondel. I notice you removed the "dubsig" from the word "origa". I didn't put it there, but, speaking for myself, I don't know what the word means and don't really understand that sentence. Would you like to tell me in English what it's trying to say? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:22, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) :Perhaps the Whitaker dictionary is [http://129.74.15.137/cgi-bin/wordz.pl?keyword=origa wrong]? 'He was taught divine science by Krishna, god and charioteer.' --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:09, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) ::Yes, it's wrong, or it's favoring Vulgar Latin pronunciation. The Classical word is ''[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dauriga auriga].'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:17, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) :::Thank you Iacobus.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:54, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) :I will change this to auriga. origa is the old form.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:14, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) :::Yes, you're right, I didn't know that. "Auriga" makes things much clearer, thanks. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:24, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) ::::your welcome Andrew and thank you for pointing this out Andrew.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:54, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) ::You still haven't noticed that ''Krishnadeo'' isn't a word. Quite often in your texts, an obligatory space is missing. Does the device that you're using have a stuck spacebar? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:20, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) Sorry. I will be more careful.<s>Im fixing the deo thing now.</s>--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:47, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) Thanks for fixing Iacobus.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:50, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) == Capsae == Hi, Jondel. When adding a "capsa hominis" it's best to check whether it uses the same image that we already have. If so, look in Commons in case there is a different one we can use. Finally, if there is no other, our separate image should (nearly always) be deleted, because there is no reason to show the same image twice. I'm looking at [[Felix Houphouët-Boigny]] and [[Carolus Ginzburg]], for example. (There was a discussion and agreement on this soon after I created the formula, but I can't remember where the discussion is ...) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:56, 15 Novembris 2015 (UTC) :Great work! I will try to look into this. I guess the image shouldn't be shown twice. By the way, you live in France? Well it is good to see you active here and I guess not too adversely affected by bombings! Keep safe and keep up the good work!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:45, 17 Novembris 2015 (UTC) ::Thanks, Jondel! Sorry I missed this reply till now. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:15, 20 Novembris 2015 (UTC) == Gameta/gametus == Hello Jondel, I was looking for the Latin word for ''gamete'' when writing the page [[bryophyta]], and I found your page [[gameta]], which gives ''gameta'', ''gamete'' and ''gametus''. I only found ''gametus'' in the sources, so I used that. Do you have a source for ''gameta''? [[Usor:Bavo C. Jozef|Bavo C. Jozef]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bavo C. Jozef|disputatio]]) 16:59, 20 Novembris 2015 (UTC) ;One source :https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=uJcL_Uud0OkC&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=gameta+new+latin&source=bl&ots=Uzrd7aSmvx&sig=MCvq6yPAuhjgwmjRpNJ4Wp0Bink&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie0JzMtaHJAhWDE5QKHf59BKEQ6AEIQjAJ#v=onepage&q=gameta%20new%20latin&f=false :Please also try googling and searching for this.: 1885-90; < New Latin gameta < Greek gamet- (stem of gametḗ wife, gamétēs husband), derivative of gameîn to marry :I hope this helps.By the way, I would appreciate it if you could improve the page's latin.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:12, 21 Novembris 2015 (UTC) ::Thanks! I changed the word in [[bryophyta]] and I improved the Latin of [[gameta]] a bit. [[Usor:Bavo C. Jozef|Bavo C. Jozef]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bavo C. Jozef|disputatio]]) 15:45, 22 Novembris 2015 (UTC) == [[Taniguchi Kei|Kei Taniguchi]] == Hi, Jondel. Are you able to translate from Japanese to Latin? I ask because I might begin an article on the mountaineer Kei Taniguchi. There is no English article yet, but there is a Japanese one. I'll link to it and if you can add anything from it, great. This if I have time ... busy day ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:01, 25 Decembris 2015 (UTC) :I would love to translate it! At the moment I was gathering material for a future latin article of the Boxer Rebellion.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 10:21, 25 Decembris 2015 (UTC) {{Iubilaeum Vicipaedianorum}} [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:51, 1 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :Gratias tibi ago o Andrew.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 03:59, 2 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) ::Thanks and happy New Year again, Jondel. Sorry about the little formatting puzzle -- I didn't realise that including the section heading in the formula would have that effect on the edit button. We live and learn! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:35, 2 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :::No problem about the formatting. Hsppy New Year! I hope you will still monitor and try to improve the quality of the Latin in the articles. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:56, 4 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) == Four on the brink == Jondel, I deleted four more long-term Non-stipula pages that were yours, I think: [[Akim]], [[Dinalupihan]], [[Balanga]], [[Pilar]]. I will restore them to life right away if you want to work on them -- just ask. In general they want a bit more text and an external source. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:23, 9 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :Andrew, I appreciate your inform me on this. I would like to take you up on that, to restore them and I will in turn work on those resources. Right now I 'm focused on the Stigmata rewrite.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 19:02, 9 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ::OK, will do. Take your time. I don't think anyone else is deleting non-stipulae right now. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:52, 9 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :::Thank you so much!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 19:55, 9 Februarii 2016 (UTC) == We don't edit-war == Jondel, I've heard from more than one other editor that you remove Latinity markings without justification. I just saw that at [[Medicina succursoria]] you did it without making any improvement; yesterday I think, at [[Acus sarcinatoria]], you made the Latinity worse and then removed the mark. (Worse because "instrumentum tenuis" and "ab prisca tempora" cannot possibly be correct.) We don't edit-war on Vicipaedia: no one ever does, so if an editor puts a Latinity mark on a page another editor doesn't fight to remove it. Instead, the other editor looks to see what's wrong. But I think, too, you have to admit that you can't yet construct a grammatical Latin sentence without help: so you can't really judge that the Latinity is OK: so you shouldn't remove Latinity marks. Tell me if you think that's unfair! But no more edit wars. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:50, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ::It seems to me that this is a general principle: we shouldn't remove Latinitas rankings added by other editors (or at least by ''well-skilled'' other editors!) to pages that we've created. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:48, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :::Yes, I think that is a very good principle and I would agree that in future we should ''all'' follow it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:48, 14 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :I saw your note to Neander on my talk page. I was going to add this comment anyway: I'll add it now. You often ask other editors to indicate all the mistakes in your Latin texts. You can ask, and maybe they will help you! But think about it from the other point of view. It seems to me that you are saying: "I refuse to learn Latin from a textbook. I demand that you teach me." Again, tell me if that's unfair. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:57, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ::You are making this up Andrew. I routinely ask for help at the Taberna, which is always ignored. You are assuming edit war too soon. I made improvements. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 18:05, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ::I made an improvement.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 18:06, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :::No. I would agree that you took out two words. But you need to think seriously about the points I raise above. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:15, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) If you interpret me as saying "I refuse to learn Latin from a textbook", that comes from you, ok. I am not saying "I refuse to learn..." and have been open to the best of my knowledge and made appeals in on the taberna. I don't edit war, even at the English wiki. However, I need to keep progressing.I'm out for now.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 18:21, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ::I'd guess the background here is that it looks as if your texts haven't benefited from taking a course in which the grammar is presented in a standard way, with one thing leading to another in a pedagogically proven order, the result being a kind of grammatical Swiss cheese, in which you know some useful things well, but other useful things not at all. By removing rankings of –3, –4, and such, you're showing that you don't see your errors for what they are. I've occasionally tried to help by adding dubsigs. Of course, ideally each error should be explained to you, but volunteers like the rest of us seldom have the time to do that. It's what a teacher in an academic setting might do. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:36, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :Focus on this point, please, Jondel: "you can't really judge that the Latinity is OK: so you shouldn't remove Latinity marks". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:28, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ::Yes! But as I've suggested above, I think this point is pertinent not only here, but everywhere, and it could be elevated to a general principle, applicable to all people who create pages; however, the principle would need an exception to allow for correcting rankings wrongly added by unskilled writers (or even vandals), so I don't know how it would be enforced. :/ [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:54, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :::We don't need to enforce (luckily) because we all follow rules! If such a case arose, I guess we'd merely ask a third editor to judge. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:48, 14 Februarii 2016 (UTC) Jondel, please, pay heed to Andrew's and Iacobus's wise words. Nobody wants to disparage you. The reason for Latinitas tags is "consumer guidance" — to indicate to the casual reader that (1.) the article in question is to be read with some benevolence because it may contain words or phrases that are alien to standard Latin, and (2.) the article is supposed to be corrected in the near future. I could't but rewrite the entire article, loosely basing the translation on the English source text. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 09:23, 14 Februarii 2016 (UTC) Neander, kindly stop saying things like this.' timeo ne bellum editorum mihi et Jondelio oriturum sit de medicina succursoria. 'Oh am I supposed to not be able to understand this because its in Latin? You are also being snobbish by not responding to my latin reply back at Andrew's discussion page, why here? Because you can all three of you can gang up on me? I did not edit war, because, as best as I could, made an improvement. The original at the time of the latinatis is different. I will accede and not change the Latinitas. However, allow to express that I do appreciate your presence, and also ask that you do your best to accommodate me. I don't want that you have to rewrite the articles. :There's no ganging up and certainly no snobbishness. It seems to me that Neander was spending some time working with you, and that he asked my advice because [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medicina_succursoria&diff=prev&oldid=3037369 this edit of yours] was so unhelpful that he did not know how best to continue. I responded as I did because I had also noticed [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acus_sarcinatoria&diff=next&oldid=3036904 this edit] from the day before, which struck me as similarly unhelpful. To answer your other comments as well as I can, there is no point in making the same argument in more than one place, and this is a good place for the discussion. I started in English here because I think that English is the easiest language between you and me. Neander had previously written in Latin on my page as he usually does: discussions in Latin are normal on Vicipaedia; English is also OK. There is no problem there, I think. :I am sorry if you disliked my comment "It seems to me that you are saying, 'I refuse to learn Latin from a textbook'" above, but I was simply speaking as I would between professionals -- you and I have both been translators -- inviting you to say if it was unfair. :I am really happy you've agreed not to change the Latinitas mark on pages you have created. I believe Iacobus's idea is good, and we should all follow the same practice. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:50, 14 Februarii 2016 (UTC) I appreciate your help, and Neander's and Iacobus and trying to fix these things. Could we chill out for a while? There is no need to stick to Latin, only not being well, snobbish.English is fine. Whatever the established language of communication, same as probably the English-French situation of where you live(France?). If I don't participate in the Latin discussions, many times its because I don't have anything to contribute. I will do my best to deepen my Latin.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:34, 14 Februarii 2016 (UTC) == Footnotes as [[Stigma (religio)]] == Hi, Jondel. I just saw this page with its huge number of footnotes. Footnotes need to be formatted better than that -- and if, knowing that, you choose not to have so many, that's just fine! If you look at the talk page, you'll see I've tried to explain how Wikipedia footnotes and external links should be formatted. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:10, 6 Martii 2016 (UTC) :And when many short footnotes occur, the layout may benefit from reducing the blank and vertical space by using two (or more) columns, begun as <nowiki>{{div col|2}} and ended as {{div col end}}.</nowiki> Several other ways are available to make columns, but these are the ones that may work best in most circumstances. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:17, 6 Martii 2016 (UTC) Noted. I will be working on this. Iacobus I think your dubsigs are excessive this time are they really required? --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 19:42, 6 Martii 2016 (UTC) == "in sitione britannica" == Hi, Jondel. In new pages I notice you often using the words "in sitione britannica". "Britannica" means British, but "in sitione" doesn't seem to mean anything. Trying to work out what you intended, my best guess is that you mean "at the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' site". Is that it? One possible format for citing the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' is what I've done at [[Ruth]]. It's appropriate to use the heading == Bibliographia == because this is a professional publication, though now only available on line. At any rate, you need to change your wording ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:46, 30 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) :You're right . I will do my best to root out these mistakes of 'sitione' . --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 15:22, 30 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) :Yes, it is what I meant, "at the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' site". I will be changing this to "Pagina Encyclopaediae Britannicae'' . --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 15:34, 30 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) ::Certainly, that expression makes good sense. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:48, 30 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) :::Generally, ''site'' refers to everything contained in a URL ending in dot-com, dot-org, and such, and a ''page'' is part of a site (in the URL, to the right of the com, org, etc.). Here, then, if the reference is to a particular article, it correctly refers to a ''page,'' which can be found on the encyclopedia's ''site.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:40, 30 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) ::::'Situs' would be recommended? Thanks again for pointing out that sitio means 'I thirst'.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 22:39, 30 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) == Rosa Viterbiensis == Gratias, Jondel. --[[Usor:Cláudio José Aarão Rangel|Cláudio José Aarão Rangel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Cláudio José Aarão Rangel|disputatio]]) 05:08, 8 Maii 2016 (UTC) :Me placet. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 05:25, 8 Maii 2016 (UTC) == Bibliography == I changed "bibliographia" to "nexus externi" because the links that appears under that sections are external links, not bibliography used in the article. My mother tongue is Spanish :). --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 13:00, 12 Iunii 2016 (UTC) :Pero porque es solo es-4 en su tabula, no es como materna? Entendido de bibliographia.Encantado a conocerle.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:08, 12 Iunii 2016 (UTC) == Share your experience and feedback as a Wikimedian in this global survey == <div class="mw-parser-output"> <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello! The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey. We want to know how well we are supporting your work on and off wiki, and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation. You have been randomly selected to take this survey as we would like to hear from your Wikimedia community. 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I've sort of lost steam with the latin wikipedia, but I'll be back, just like the Terminator.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 06:04, 9 Aprilis 2018 (UTC) == Reminder: Share your feedback in this Wikimedia survey == <div class="mw-parser-output"> <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Every response for this survey can help the Wikimedia Foundation improve your experience on the Wikimedia projects. So far, we have heard from just 29% of Wikimedia contributors. The survey is available in various languages and will take between 20 and 40 minutes to be completed. '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_5ABs6WwrDHzAeLr?aud=VAE&prj=we&edc=6&prjedc=we6 Take the survey now.]''' If you have already taken the survey, we are sorry you've received this reminder. We have design the survey to make it impossible to identify which users have taken the survey, so we have to send reminders to everyone. 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We have designed the survey to make it impossible to identify which users have taken the survey, so we have to send reminders to everyone. To opt-out of future surveys, send an email through EmailUser feature to [[:m:Special:EmailUser/WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]]. You can also send any questions you have to this user email. [[m:Community_Engagement_Insights/About_CE_Insights|Learn more about this survey on the project page.]] This survey is hosted by a third-party service and governed by this Wikimedia Foundation [[:foundation:Community_Engagement_Insights_2018_Survey_Privacy_Statement|privacy statement]]. </div> <span class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">[[m:User:WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]]</span>, 00:48, 20 Aprilis 2018 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:WMF Surveys@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_Engagement_Insights/MassMessages/Lists/2018/we6&oldid=17898672 --> == [[Fidelis Ramos]] == Hi, Jondel. I replaced the "ScDub" formula. There really is a problem. The first sentence says he was born in 1928, the second sentence says he was born in 1947. Both sentences have other information in them also, so just deleting a sentence may not be the right answer. It seems you wrote the page that way, so please have a look and correct it if you can. Thanks [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:31, 20 Iunii 2018 (UTC) :Ok Andrew. I will work on now. Thanks for the heads up!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:46, 20 Iunii 2018 (UTC) == Thanks == Dear Jondel, thanks for your noticing of my contributions to Vicipaedia. My Latin is still poor, but my ideas are fresh and I hope I can keep going with my translation suggestions in a overall manner. I already made my check also at Star Wars Episode 8 Page, as you requested. Once again, thanks for receiving well my suggestions and for welcoming me here, and don't be afraid to be creative :) [[Usor:EleassarBR|EleassarBR]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:EleassarBR|disputatio]]) 03:12, 23 Iunii 2018 (UTC) :Your welcome! Please keep up the good work and bear with other's zeal and enthusiasm!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:10, 23 Iunii 2018 (UTC) == Black Death == Hi Jondel. Forgive me for editing this page: you're working on it, but I just wanted to add a Latin name that I could verify ... and then I found a contemporary Latin source for the events and I didn't want to lose sight of it! But I haven't touched your text. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:17, 1 Iulii 2018 (UTC) :I really appreciate your concern. Let me work on it first then correct as you see fit. Latin sources are indeed necessary but I do hope we can progress fairly on this.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:24, 1 Iulii 2018 (UTC) == Tibi gratias uno ex ~250 editoribus principalibus medicis agimus! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> :''Te rogamus, ut iuves et convertas istud nuntium in propriam tuam linguam per [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Project_Med/The_Cure_Award meta]''. {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |Ecce '''Praemium Curandi 2018''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |Anno 2018 tute eras uno ex [[W:EN:Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine/Stats/Top medical editors 2018 (all)|~250 editoribus principalibus medicis]] trans quasque Vicipaediae linguas. Tibi gratias ''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]'' agimus propter tu ipse lubenter, complete, accurate, optume enim conlationes sanitarias atque subsidia publicitus offerebas. Nos profecto tibi et amplissimum operis tuis magni aestimamus! ''Wiki Project Med Foundation'' est [[meta:user group|grex usorum]] cum muneribus rationes sanitarias nostras emendatu. Respice ad '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|haec]]''' et interes, si voles, sine sumptibus sociatis. |} Gratias denuo agimus :-) -- [[W:EN:User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] cum cuncto grege apud '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]'''17:53, 28 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Medical_Editors_2018/la&oldid=18822372 --> == Sophrologia == Hi, Jondel. Nice to see you again. At [[Sophrologia]] I moved your comments in hidden text to [[Disputatio:Sophrologia#Stress und andere psychische Spannungen|the talk page]], where those two words ''laboriis animiis'' are already discussed. Hope that's OK. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:09, 11 Iulii 2019 (UTC) :I completely forgot to reply! Thanks for your welcome back. I will try to fix this(, aaaaaaaaaan not start something new until I finish the rest of what I started!!!!!) laboriiis etc.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 07:49, 23 Augusti 2019 (UTC) == Invitation to Rejoin the [https://mdwiki.org/wiki/WikiProjectMed:Translation_task_force Healthcare Translation Task Force] == [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|right|frameless|125px]] You have been a [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/prior/index.php medical translators within Wikipedia]. We have recently relaunched our efforts and invite you to [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php join the new process]. Let me know if you have questions. Best [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 12:34, 13 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_translators/10&oldid=25451576 --> == Pagina “[[Spider-Man]]” facta est [[Adumbratio:Spider-Man|adumbratio]] == <!-- Substitutio formulae {{Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione}} secundum recensionem 3952586 -->[[Imago:Information.svg|x25px|alt=Inspicienda]] Salve Jondel! Propter brevitatem, pagina a te creata “[[Spider-Man]]” nuper facta est [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|adumbratio]]—novus titulus est “[[Adumbratio:Spider-Man]]”. Si aucta erit, libenter in encyclopediam iterum accipietur. Si ulteriora de commentationibus creandis legere vis, [[Vicipaedia:Praefatio|nostrum enchiridion]] inspicere potes. Vale. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 05:28, 27 Iunii 2026 (UTC) bnwouvh1impa3qys9x1gtbqu612jwxn 0 15233 3966878 3755414 2026-06-26T18:07:11Z Niegodzisie 116883 /* Discographia */ 3966878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-4}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Madonna''' (nata ''Madonna Louise Ciccone'' [[Bay City (Michigania)|Bay City]] in [[Michigania]] [[dies|die]] [[16 Augusti]] [[1958]]) est [[cantrix]], [[actrix]], [[scriptrix]], [[moderatrix cinematographica]], [[redemptrix]], et [[philanthropista]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americana]]. == Vita == Madonnae pater, Silvius P. Ciccone, cuius genitores ex [[Italia]] ad Civitates Foederatas Americae migraverunt, apud fabricam machinatoris vitam egit; mater, Madonna L. Fortin, e [[Canada]] migravit. Secundum [[DNA]] probat, illic 'a familia iunctio ad {{creanda|en|Valdemar II of Denmark|Waldemarius II Victor}} (1170-1241), [[Dania|Danorum regem]] genus [[Ruricus]] dynastia (similis compositor [[Modestus Musorgskij]], alius Ruricus familia).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurovision.tv/story/one-big-family-how-it-is-all-connected|title=One Big Family: How it is all connected!|publisher=[[Eurovision]]|accessdate=2019-03-12}}.</ref><ref name="myheritage">{{cite web|url=https://www.myheritage.com/eurovision/blog/these-six-eurovision-winners-are-related-to-madonna/|title=These Eurovision Winners Are Related to Madonna|publisher=[[MyHeritage]]|accessdate=2019-06-03|date=2019-05-17|lang=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603174607/https://www.myheritage.com/eurovision/blog/these-six-eurovision-winners-are-related-to-madonna/|archivedate=2019-06-03}}.</ref> Madonna tertia natu est ex sex fratribus sororibusque. Cum illa sextum ageret annum, eius mater e [[cancro uberis]] periit. Iuvenis in schola Catholica Romana imbuta est. [[Mores|Moribus]] [[Christianismus|Christianis]] et a patre et a magistris docta est. Postquam ea musicam magnopere adfecit. In [[schola]] superiori, ea cursus in artibus coepit, quando ea dictatum in saltatione docta est. {?} In universitate, ea saltationem iterum studebat. Post scholam, ea [[Urbs Novum Eboracum|Novum Eboracum]] pervenit ut cursum in saltatione urgeret. Anno [[1979]], ea saltatricem Patricio Heranadez in eius "concertum"{{dubsig}} fit. Postquam it in ''[[The Breakfast Club]]'' cum amico [[Daniele Gilroy]] breviter cecinit. Anno [[1980]], Madonna Stephanum Bray cognovit, cum quo ea carmina scripsit et gregem [[Emmy (grex)|Emmy]] fundavit. Proximos duos annos, ea carmina sua in "clubis"{{dubsig}} Novi Eboraci cantavit promovitque. Anno [[1982]], Madonna conditionem cum [[Sire Records]] signavit ut primum singulum albumque conficeret. Primum singulum suum est ''[[Everybody]]'' 'Omnes'. == Discographia == ;Alba musica officinalia * [[1983]]: ''[[Madonna (album musicum)|Madonna]]'' ('Domnina') * [[1984]]: ''[[Like a Virgin]]'' ('sicut virgo') * [[1986]]: ''[[True Blue (album musicum Madonna)|True Blue]]'' ('re tristi' vel 'verum blue') * [[1989]]: ''[[Like a Prayer (album musicum)|Like a Prayer]]'' ('sicut votum') * [[1992]]: ''[[Erotica (album musicum Madonna)|Erotica]]'' ('erotica') * [[1994]]: ''[[Bedtime Stories (album musicum Madonna)|Bedtime Stories]]'' ('horae somni historiae') * [[1998]]: ''[[Ray of Light]]'' ('lux lucis') * [[2000]]: ''[[Music (album musicum Madonna)|Music]]'' ('musica') * [[2003]]: ''[[American Life]]'' ('vita Americana') * [[2005]]: ''[[Confessions on a Dance Floor]]'' ('confessionibus in choro area') * [[2008]]: ''[[Hard Candy (album musicum Madonna)|Hard Candy]]'' ('dulcis durus') * [[2012]]: ''[[MDNA (album musicum)|MDNA]]'' ('MDNA') * [[2015]]: ''[[Rebel Heart]]'' ('cor rebellis') * [[2019]]: ''[[Madame X]]'' ('domina X') * [[2026]]: ''Confession II'' == Carmina celeberrima == [[Fasciculus:Madonna Toronto Film Festival.jpg|thumb|upright|Madonna in prima actione pelliculae suae ''[[W.E.]]'' in ''[[Toronto International Film Festival]]'' [[Dies|die]] [[12 Septembris]] [[2011]].]] Numerus ones: [[Britanniarum Regnum]] (Official Charts) et/aut [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] (Billboard Hot 100): # 1984: ''[[Like a Virgin]]'' ('''non''' scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Sicut virgo') # 1985: ''[[Crazy for You]]'' ('''non''' scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Ad te insanis') # 1985: ''[[Into the Groove]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('In tempus') # 1986: ''[[Live to Tell]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Vivamus dicere') # 1986: ''[[Papa Don't Preach]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix '''non princeps'''; cantrix) ('Papa, nec perinde praedicant') # 1986: ''[[True Blue]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Verum caesitas') # 1986: ''[[Open Your Heart]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Aperi cor tuum') # 1987: ''[[La Isla Bonita]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Pulchra insula') # 1987: ''[[Who's That Girl]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Quis est, quod puella') # 1989: ''[[Like a Prayer]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Sicut orationis') # 1990: ''[[Vogue]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Consuetudo') # 1990: ''[[Justify My Love]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix '''non princeps'''; cantrix) ('Proba amorem meum') # 1992: ''[[This Used to Be My Playground]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Quod sit ad capti fodere cubilia') # 1994: ''[[Take a Bow]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Arcuo' sicut 'Laudamus te') # 1997: ''[[Love Won't Wait]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; '''non''' cantrix) ('Amor non stabit') # 1998: ''[[Frozen]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Glacialis') # 2000: ''[[American Pie]]'' ('''non''' scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('crustum Americanum') # 2000: ''[[Music (canticum Madonna)|Music]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Musica') # 2005: ''[[Hung Up]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Suspenderunt') # 2006: ''[[Sorry]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('Paenitet') # 2008: ''[[4 Minutes]]'' (scriptrix/compositrix; cantrix) ('IV minutes') feat. [[Iustinus Timberlake]] et [[Timbaland]] == Circuitus musici == [[Fasciculus:IDontGiveAMDNA.jpg|thumb|Madonna agit in eius itinere recentissimo ''MDNA Tour'', hic [[Barcino]]ne visa, [[Dies|die]] [[20 Iunii]] [[2012]].]] * [[1985]]: ''[[The Virgin Tour]]'' * [[1987]]: ''[[Who's That Girl World Tour]]'' * [[1990]]: ''[[Blond Ambition World Tour]]'' * [[1993]]: ''[[The Girlie Show World Tour]]'' * [[2001]]: ''[[Drowned World Tour]]'' * [[2004]]: ''[[Re-Invention World Tour]]'' * [[2006]]: ''[[Confessions Tour]]'' * [[2008]]-[[2009]]: ''[[Sticky & Sweet Tour]]'' * [[2012]]: ''[[MDNA Tour]]'' * [[2015]]-[[2016]]: ''[[Rebel Heart Tour]]'' * [[2019]]-[[2020]]: ''[[Madame X Tour]]'' == Pelliculae selectae == * [[1987]]: ''[[Who's That Girl (pellicula 1987)|Who's That Girl]]'' * [[1992]]: ''[[Shadows and Fog]]'' * [[1996]]: ''[[Evita (pellicula)|Evita]]'' == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Axelrod, Alan. [[2007]]. ''One thousand one people who made America.'' National Geographic Books. ISBN 978-1-4262-0052-6. * Bego, Mark. [[2000]]. Madonna: ''Blonde Ambition.'' Cooper Square Press. ISBN 978-0-8154-1051-5. * Bohem, David A. [[1990]]. ''Guinness Book of World Records 1990.'' Sterling Publications. ISBN 0-8069-5791-3. * Boteach, Shmuel. [[2005]]. ''Hating women: America's hostile campaign against the fairer sex.'' HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-078122-4. * Brackett, Nathan, et Christian Hoard. [[2004]]. ''The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.'' * Clerk, Carol. [[2002]]. ''Madonnastyle.'' Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-8874-9. * Cross, Mary [[2007]]. ''Madonna: A Biography.'' Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-.313-33811-6. * Erlewine, Stephen Thomas, Vladimir Bogdanov, et Chris Woodstra. [[2002]]. ''All music guide to rock: the definitive guide to rock, pop, and soul.'' Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 0-87930-653-X. * Fouz-Hernández, Santiago, et Freya Jarman-Ivens. [[2004]]. ''Madonna's Drowned Worlds.'' Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-3372-1. * Friskics-Warren, Bill. [[2006]]. I'll Take You There: Pop Music and the Urge for Transcendence (en inglés). Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0-8264-1921-6. * Gallo, Carmine. [[2006]]. ''10 Simple Secrets of the World's Greatest Business Communicators.'' Sourcebooks. ISBN 978-1-4022-0696-2. * George-Warren, Holly. [[1997]]. ''Madonna: The Rolling Stone Files.'' Hyperion Books. ISBN 0-7868-8154-2. * Glenday, Craig. [[2007]]. ''Guinness Book of World Records 2007.'' Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-58992-X. * Grant, Robert. [[2005]]. ''Contemporary Strategy Analysis.'' Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-1999-3. * Guilbert, Georges-Claude. [[2002]]. ''Madonna as postmodern myth.'' McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1408-1. * Guralnick, Peter, et Douglas Wolk. [[2000]]. ''Best Music Writing.'' Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80999-0. * Hoban, Phoebe. [[2004]]. ''Basquiat: A Quick Killing in Art.'' Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-303512-6. * Horton, Rosalind. [[2007]]. ''Women Who Changed the World.'' Quercus. ISBN 1-84724-026-7. * Kellner, Douglas. [[1995]]. ''Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Identity, and Politics Between the Modern and the Postmodern.'' Novi Eboraci: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-10570-6. * Kramarae, Cheris, et Dale Spender. [[2000]]. ''Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge.'' Novi Eboraci: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92091-4. * Metz, Allen, et Carol Benson. [[1999]]. ''The Madonna Companion: Two Decades of Commentary.'' Music Sales Group. ISBN 0-8256-7194-9. * Morton, Andrew. [[2002]]. ''Madonna.'' Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 0-312-98310-7. * O'Brien, Lucy. [[2007]]. ''Madonna: Like an Icon.'' HarperCollins. ISBN 0-593-05547-0. * Orgill, Roxanne. [[2001]]. ''Shout, Sister, Shout!: Ten Girl Singers who Shaped a Century.'' Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-689-81991-9. * Pitts, Michael. [[2004]]. ''Famous Movie Detectives.'' Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-3690-4. * Rettenmund, Matthew. [[1995]]. ''Madonnica: The Woman & The Icon From A To Z.'' Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 0-312-11782-5. * Robertson, Pamela. [[1996]]. ''Guilty Pleasures: Feminist Camp From Mae West to Madonna.'' Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-1748-7. * Rooksby, Rikky. [[2004]]. ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna.'' Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-9883-3. * Rust, Paula C. Rodriguez. [[2000]]. ''Bisexuality in the United States: A Social Science Reader.'' Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press. * Sexton, Adam. [[1993]]. ''Desperately Seeking Madonna: In Search of the Meaning of the World's Most Famous Woman.'' Delta Publishing Inc. ISBN 0-385-30688-1. * St. Michael, Mick. [[2004]]. ''Madonna talking: Madonna in Her Own Words.'' Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-418-7. * Streitmatter, Rodger. [[2004]]. ''Sex Sells!'' Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-4248-1. * Tassoni, Leo. [[1993]]. ''Madonna.'' Icaria Editorial. ISBN 9788474262070. * Thompson, Douglas. [[2002]]. ''Madonna: Queen of the world.'' John Blake. ISBN 9781904034100. * Taraborrelli, Randy J. [[2002]]. ''Madonna: An Intimate Biography.'' Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-2880-4. * Tetzlaff, David. [[1993]]. ''Metatextual Girl.'' Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-1396-1. * Victor, Barbara. [[2001]]. ''Goddess, Inside Madonna.'' Cliff Street Books. ISBN 0-06-019930-X. * Voller, Debbie. [[1999]]. ''Madonna: The Style Book.'' Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-7511-6. * Warren, Holly, Patricia Romanowski George, et Jon Pareles. [[2001]]. ''The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll.'' Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-0120-5. * Welton, Donn. [[1998]]. ''Body and flesh: a philosophical reader.'' Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 1-57718-126-3. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Madonna (entertainer)|Madonnam}} * [http://www.madonna.com/ Situs interretialis Madonnae proprius.] {{ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.youtube.com/user/madonna Trames Madonnae proprius.] ''[[YouTube]]'' * {{IMDb name|0000187|Madonna}} {{Lifetime|1958||Madonna}} <!--?--> {{Myrias|Homines}} [[Categoria:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Cantores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Cantores musicae popularis]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] [[Categoria:Photogenicae puellae Playboy]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Civitatum Foederatarum]] idoasx4scl3bn8so5r2hn0tp1uih0kt 0 17225 3966852 3883149 2026-06-26T15:54:54Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{colores2}} '''Color''' est [[proprietas physica|proprietas]] [[perceptio oculorum|perceptionis]] [[oculus|oculorum]], quae in [[homo sapiens|hominibus]] ad categorias ''[[ruber|rubram]],'' ''[[viridis|viridem]],'' ''[[caeruleus|caeruleam]],'' et alias appellatas spectat. Notio coloris ex [[spectrum lucis|spectro lucis]] (distributione potestatis [[lux|lucis]] contra [[unda|longitudinem undarum]] plerumque inter 400 [[nanometrum|nm]] et 700 [[nanometrum|nm]]) deducitur. ==Fontes== De nominibus colorum Latinis [[Antonius Thylesius|Antonius Thylesius Consentinus]] librum composuit. [[Biologia|Biologica]] [[species (taxinomia)|specierum]] [[binomen|binomina]] multas definitiones coloris continent, quae interdum systhematice describuntur.<ref>Gulielmi T. Stearn ''Botanical Latin: History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary,'' ed. tertia (Londinii: 1983), 410–420. Ioannis Lindley ''An Introduction to Botany'', vol. II (Londinii: 1848), 371 ({{Google Books|Cp8HAQAAIAAJ}}); {{Kirp|sub nominibbus colorum}}.</ref> ==Notae== <references /> ==Colores spectri lucis visibiles== {| class="wikitable toccolours" |+ ''''' |- ! style="text-align:left;" | color ! abbr="wavelength" | intervallum longitudinis undae ! abbr="frequency" | intervallum frequentiae |- align="center" ! style="text-align:left;" | [[ruber]] | style="background-color:#FF0000;color:white;" | ~ 625–740&nbsp;nm | style="background-color:#FF0000;color:white;" | ~ 480–405&nbsp;THz |- align="center" ! style="text-align:left;" | [[fulvus]] vel [[aurantius]] | style="background-color:#FF6600;color:white;" | ~ 590–625&nbsp;nm | style="background-color:#FF6600;color:white;" | ~ 510–480&nbsp;THz |- align="center" ! style="text-align:left;" | [[flavus]] vel [[luteus]] | bgcolor="#FFFF00" | ~ 565–590&nbsp;nm | bgcolor="#FFFF00" | ~ 530–510&nbsp;THz |- align="center" ! style="text-align:left;" | [[viridis]] | bgcolor="#00FF00" | ~ 500–565&nbsp;nm | bgcolor="#00FF00" | ~ 600–530&nbsp;THz |- align="center" ! style="text-align:left;" | [[caeruleus]] vel [[cyaneus]] | bgcolor="#00E0E0" | ~ 485–500&nbsp;nm | bgcolor="#00E0E0" | ~ 620–600&nbsp;THz |- align="center" ! style="text-align:left;" | [[indigoticus]] vel [[caeruleus Berolinensis]] | style="background-color:#0000FF;color:white;" | ~ 440–485&nbsp;nm | style="background-color:#0000FF;color:white;" | ~ 680–620&nbsp;THz |- align="center" ! style="text-align:left;" | [[violaceus]] vel [[purpureus]] | style="background-color:#8F00FF;color:white;" | ~ 380–440&nbsp;nm | style="background-color:#8F00FF;color:white;" | ~ 790–680&nbsp;THz |} ==Nexus interni== [[Fasciculus:Spectrum441pxWithnm.png|thumb|Totum spectrum aspectabile.]] {{div col|2}} *[[Arcus caelestis]] *[[Chromatographia]] *[[Colores primarii]] *[[Dichromatismus]] *[[Lux]] *[[Philosophia coloris]] *[[Physica]] *[[Physichromia]] *[[Prisma]] *[[Radiatio electromagnetica]] *[[Radiatio ultraviolacea]] *[[Synaesthesia]] *[[Undae]] {{div col end}} ==Bibliographia== [[Fasciculus:Colores urinarum.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|"Manuale quoddam duodecimi saeculi suadebat: 'Dum diu [[urina]]m inspicis, ad eius colorem, substantiam, quantitatemque, atque ad ea quae in ea sunt—ex quorum diversitate diversa [[morbus|morborum]] genera dignosces—animum advertas."<ref name="q911">{{cite web | title=Troubled Waters: Reading Urine in Medieval Medicine | website=The Public Domain Review | date=[[2023]]-04-19 | url=https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/troubled-waters/ | access-date=2025-03-27}}.</ref>]] *Braem, Harald. [[2003]] ''Die Macht der Farben.'' Langen/Müller. ISBN 3784471560. *Gekeler, Hans. [[1988]]. ''DuMont's Handbuch der Farbe (Systematik und Ästhetik).'' Coloniae: DuMont. ISBN 3770121112. *Gierling, Rolf. [[2006]]. ''Farbmanagement.'' Ed. tertia. Bonnae: MITP. ISBN 382661626X. *[[Goethe|Goethe, Ioannes Wolfgangus von]]. [[1810]]. ''Zur Farbenlehre.'' Tubingae: Cotta. *Heller, Eva, [[2000]]. ''Wie Farben auf Gefühl und Verstand wirken.'' Knaur, Droemer. ISBN 3426271745. *[[Ioannes Itten|Itten, Johannes]]. [[1970]]. ''Kunst der Farbe.'' Ravensburgi: Otto Maier. ISBN 347361551X. *[[Haroludus Küppers|Küppers, Harald]]. [[1982]]. ''Die Logik der Farbe.'' Ed. secunda. Theoretische Grundlagen der Farbenlehre. Monaci: Callwey. ISBN 3766706012. *Mayer, Horst O. [[2005]]. ''Einführung in die Wahrnehmungs-, Lern- und Werbepsychologie.'' Oldenbourg. ISBN 3486576755. *Ploß, Emil Ernst. [[1967]]. ''Ein Buch von alten Farben: Technologie der Textilfarben im Mittelalter mit einem Ausblick auf die festen Farben.'' Heidelberg et Berolini: Neudruck München. *Weingart, Petra E., et Rudolf Forster. [[2005]]. ''Ich und die Farbe sind eins.'' Hamburgi: Kovac. ISBN 3830018134. *Welsch, Norbert, et Claus Christian Liebmann. [[2004]]. ''Farben.'' Spektrum. ISBN 3-8274-1563-2. ==Nexus externi== * [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_gt-dV-jPhJcC/page/n3 Antonii Thylesii libellus de coloribus] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091016015726/http://pagesperso-orange.fr/fleursauvageyonne/flsv/Lex/Lexi4.htm De coloribus: lingua Latina et lingua Francogallica,] pagesperso-orange.fr * Ioannis Lindley ''An Introduction to Botany'', vol. II, Londinii 1848, p. 371. {{Google Books|Cp8HAQAAIAAJ}} (de coloribus biologiae) ==Exempla colorum== {{Exemplar coloris|[[Niger (color)|Niger]]|#000000}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Ater]]|#0D0D0D}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Pullus]]|#291705}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Canus]]|#808080}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Aquilus]]|#553A26}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Furvus]]|#2F2003}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Fuscus]]|#964B00}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Ravus]]|#C3B091}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Caeruleus Berolinus]]|#003264}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Lividus]]|#4682b4}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Caeruleus]]|#0066DD}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Caesius]]|#BDBBD7}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Smaragdus]]|#50C878}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Chlorus]]|#A3FF00}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Virens]]|#00A86B}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Viridis]]|#00AA00}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Glaucus]]|#2E8B57}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Venetus]]|#4F7942}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Roseus]]|#FF007F}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Fuchsia (color)|Fuchsianeus]]|#FF00FF}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Violaceus]]|#8B00FF}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Violeus]]|#991199}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Purpureus]]|#660099}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Rubidus]]|#B22222}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Rutilus]]|#DC143C}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Rufus]]|#E34234}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Sanguineus]]|#FF0000}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Puniceus]]|#FF0000}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Ruber]]|#FF0000}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Rubicundus]]|#FF2400}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Coccinus]]|#E32636}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Russus]]|#FF7518}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Fulvus]]|#FF7F24}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Luteus]]|#f4c430}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Flammeus]]|#FFBF00}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Aurum]]|#FFD700}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Flavus]]|#ffd35f}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Gilvus]]|#ffff00}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Auratus]]|#FFDF00}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Aureolus]]|#FBEC5D}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Eburneus]]|#FFDEAD}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Argenteus]]|#C0C0C0}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Niveus]]|#F0F8FF}} {{Exemplar coloris|[[Albus]]|#FFFFFF}} {{Colores}} {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Anthropologia}} [[Categoria:Colores|!]] [[Categoria:Qualia]] [[Categoria:Visus]]<!-- + Image processing--> nxqrhy31ol94no4lguv6qup52s11adw 0 17922 3966805 3966726 2026-06-26T12:27:59Z IacobusAmor 1163 multa contenta ex pagina removit, contenta nova: '{{Augenda|2026|6}} :''Ut legas de lingua in Francia adhibita, vide: ''[[Lingua Francogallica]] '''Lingua franca''' est [[lingua]] ultra multitudinem locutorum [[sermo patrius|nativorum eorumque]] moenia vel fines late adhibita.<!--RE VERA?--> {{NexInt}} *[[Lingua agendi]] *[[Lingua auxiliaris internationalis]] *[[Lingua constructa]] *[[Lingua creola]] *[[Lingua koine]] *[[Lingua pidgin]] *[[Lingua mundana]] == Nexus externi == * [https://...' 3966805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2026|6}} :''Ut legas de lingua in Francia adhibita, vide: ''[[Lingua Francogallica]] '''Lingua franca''' est [[lingua]] ultra multitudinem locutorum [[sermo patrius|nativorum eorumque]] moenia vel fines late adhibita.<!--RE VERA?--> {{NexInt}} *[[Lingua agendi]] *[[Lingua auxiliaris internationalis]] *[[Lingua constructa]] *[[Lingua creola]] *[[Lingua koine]] *[[Lingua pidgin]] *[[Lingua mundana]] == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060925132620/http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/lingua-franca.html Anglica-lingua universalis in interrete?] {{Ling|Anglice}} ==Bibliographia== *Heine, Bernd. [[1970]]. ''Status and Use of African Lingua Francas.'' ISBN 3-8039-0033-6. *Hall, Hall, Jr. [[1966]]. ''Pidgin and Creole Languages.'' Ithacae in Novo Eboraco: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-0173-9. *Kahane, Henricus Romanos. [[1958]]. ''The Lingua Franca in the Levant.'' {{ling-stipula}} [[Categoria:Linguae vehiculares|!]] rimglq3yynsknazvfgnuizqaz4c8i3p 0 21871 3966844 2784080 2026-06-26T15:39:29Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Eventa */ 3966844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{decennium|40|CCCXCIV}} == Eventa == * [[1 Ianuarii]] - [[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] III et [[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] II et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] consules magistratum coeperunt. * [[6 Septembris]] - [[Theodosius I]] imperator Romanus [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] imperatorem et [[Arbogastus|Arbogastum]] magistrum militum ad [[Frigidus|Frigidum]] flumen vicit et imperium Romanum ultimo tempore unificavit. == Nati == {{Nati desiderati}} == Mortui == * [[6 Septembris]] - [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]], [[grammatica|grammaticus]], [[historicus]] et [[vir publicus]] (natus anno [[334]]) * [[6 Septembris]] - [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenius]] imperator Romanus. kilizei0cey4n7v8pnjff5vna42nj89 0 23820 3966883 3795579 2026-06-26T18:53:50Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966883 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Commonwealth of Nations.svg|thumb|[[Civitas sui iuris|Civitates]] consortionis populorum.]] '''Consortio Populorum'''<ref>De nomine Latine decreto vide textum "Elizabeth II, Dei Gratia Britanniarum Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Regina, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor" [http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/britstyles.htm#1953 in hac pagina citatum].</ref> ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: ''Commonwealth of Nations''<ref>Verbum Anglicum ''Commonwealth,'' ad verbum 'bonum commune', significat '[[respublica]]'.</ref>) est foedus [[civitas sui iuris|liberarum civitatum]] quae negotia communia agere volunt. Hodie 56 civitates liberae sua sponte sese in eo adiunxerunt, quarum pleraeque [[Imperium Britannicum|Imperii Britannici]] pristini partes fecerant; quam ob rem ''British Commonwealth'' ("Consortio Britannica") foedus olim nominabatur. [[Consortionis Populorum Princeps|Caput Consortionis]] est [[Carolus III (rex Britanniarum)|Carolus III]] rex<ref> Post mortem [[Elizabeth II (regina Britanniarum)|Elisabetha II]] [[Regnum Britanniarum|Britanniarum]] regina die [[8 Septembris]] anno [[2022]]</ref> sed typum solum capitis, admodum sine [[auctoritas (ius)|auctoritate]]. Civitatibus in multis consortionis res publica sine [[monarcha]] stat; sed in civitatibus sedecim ([[regna Consortionis]] dicta) [[rex]] est Carolus III ille. Et hodie secretaria generalis est [[Patricia Scotland]] ab anno 2015. Consortionis una civitas sola a nexu cum Britannia numquam prius iuncta fuerat: [[Mozambicum]]. ==Structura == [[Fasciculus:Elizabeth II greets NASA GSFC employees, May 8, 2007 edit.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Elizabeth II (regina Britanniarum)|Elisabetha II]] [[Regnum Britanniarum|Britanniarum]] regina, ante [[Consortionis Populorum Princeps|caput Consortionis]].]] Sub formula [[Declaratio Londiniensis|Declarationis Londiniensis]], Elizabeth II, Britanniarum regina, erat caput Consortionis, titulus qui nunc commune cum {{Creanda|en|Commonwealth realms|regna Consortionis|regnis Consortionis}} tenetur.<ref name="Report of the CCM">{{cite web|url=http://www.thecommonwealth.org/shared_asp_files/GFSR.asp?NodeID=174532 |title=Report of the Committee on Commonwealth Membership |accessdate=[[29 Iunii]] [[2008]] |last=Patterson |first=Percival |authorlink=P. J. Patterson |date=[[24 Octobris]] [[2007]] |publisher=[[Secretariatus Consortionis]].}}</ref> Et missio Consortionis ad [[democratia]]m, [[regnum legis]] et [[iura humana]] promogendum et protegendum. ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== *Auplat, C. A. [[2003]]. ''Les ONG du Commonwealth contemporain: rôles, bilans et perspectives.'' Lutetiae: L'Harmattan. ISBN 2-7475-5513-5. *Mansergh, N. [[1982]]. ''The Commonwealth in the World.'' Toronti: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-2492-0. *McIntyre, W. D. [[2001]]. ''A Guide to the Contemporary Commonwealth.'' Londinii: Palgrave. ISBN 0-333-96310-5. *Moore, R. J. [[1988]]. ''Making the New Commonwealth.'' Oxoniae: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-820112-5. *Shaw, Timothy M. [[2008]]. ''Commonwealth: Inter- and Non-State Contributions to Global Governance.'' Londinii: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-35120-1; ISBN 978-0-415-35121-8. *Wheare, K. C. [[1960]]. ''The Constitutional Structure of the Commonwealth.'' Oxoniae: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-313-23624-0. ==Nexus externi== {{Pars vicificanda}} * [http://www.aclals.org Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies,] www.aclals.org * [http://www.thecommonwealth.org Commonwealth Secretariat,] www.thecommonwealth.org * [http://www.commonwealthfoundation.com Commonwealth Foundation,] www.commonwealthfoundation.com * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161008182920/http://thecommonwealthconversation.org/ The Commonwealth Conversation,] www.thecommonwealthconversation.org<!-- a global public consultation on the future of the Commonwealth, managed by The [[Royal Commonwealth Society]]--> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141219112623/http://www.commonwealthfriends.org/ Friends of the Commonwealth,] www.commonwealthfriends.org * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070211025238/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Gtgl1/GuideToGovernment/InternationalBodies/DG_4003092 The Commonwealth,] www.direct.gov.uk (situs publicus administrationis Britanniarum Regni) * [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page4678.asp The Commonwealth], www.royal.gov.uk (situs publicus Monarchiae Britannicae) * [http://www.commonwealth-of-nations.org/article.php The Commonwealth of Nations,] www.commonwealth-of-nations.org * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200820133134/https://www.thercs.org/ The Royal Commonwealth Society,] www.thercs.org * [http://canzuk.org The United Commonwealth Society,] canzuk.org * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051214065850/http://www2.sas.ac.uk/commonwealthstudies/index.htm University of London Institute of Commonwealth Studies,] sas.ac.uk * [http://www.globaled.org.nz/schools/pdfs/factsheets/Commonwealth.pdf What is the Commonwealth,] www.globaled.org.nz {{Consortio Populorum}} {{Reges Britanniarum}} {{Secretarii generales Consortionis Populorum}} [[Categoria:Consortio Populorum|!]] [[Categoria:Imperium Britannicum]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1949]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Societas}} 5dyesn55oe5wsxq3q6u56k1j6m3xezg 0 27524 3966983 3962612 2026-06-27T08:05:36Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}}{{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Athenaeus Marcianus Z 447 f 1r.png|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Athenaeus (Naucratites)|Athenaeus]], ''Deipnosophistae'': prima pagina textus nobis servati. [[Bibliotheca Marciana]] [[Venetaie|Venetiarum]] MS. Gr. Z. 447 f. 1r.]] {{Ores|Deipnosophistae}}<ref>“[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k87206050 Athenaei Naucratitis ... Deipnosophistarum libri]”: titulus versionis Latinae I. Dalecampii, 1583</ref> vel {{Ores|Dipnosophistae}}<ref>{{*Cfr}} “[https://archive.org/details/athenaeinavcrati03atheuoft Athenaeus: Dipnosophistae]”: frons editionis G. Kaibel, 1887</ref> (Δειπνοσoφισταί, scilicet “professores cenarum”) est dialogus [[Graece]] scriptus [[saeculum 3|saeculo III]] ineunte ab [[Athenaeus Naucratita|Athenaeo]] [[Naucratis|Naucratita]]. In hoc opere triginta personae, celebrantes [[Roma]]e festos dies quondam ''[[Parilia]]'' nuncupatos, de permultis rebus disserunt, luxuriis, [[amor]]ibus, [[musica]], facetiis, [[philologia]] Graeca, sed praesertim de [[cibum|cibo]], [[vinum|vino]], [[ebrietas|ebrietate]], [[cena|cenis]], [[convivium|conviviis]]. Citantur auctores fere 800, opera fere 2&nbsp;000 scriptorum Graecorum antiquorum maxima parte deperdita. ''Deipnosophistae'' in quindecim libros divisae sunt. Manuscriptus unus tantum hoc opus nobis praebet, videlicet [[Marcianus 447]] (“A” apud editores), e quo libri I et II, prima pars libri III, ultima libri XV pagina aliaequa paginae paucae deperditae sunt. Ea quae nobis desunt partim ex ''[[Deipnosophistarum epitome|epitoma Deipnosophistarum]]'' restitui possunt, recensione abbreviata saeculo XII composita res librorum quindecim comprehendente. == Res principales == Textus ''Deipnosophistarum'' epitomaeque secundum paginas editionis [[Isaacus Casaubonus|Casauboni]] (1598) citari solet. Numeri paginarum sectionesque a-f cuiusque paginae in marginibus editionum recentiorum fere omnium recitantur. {{div col|2}} * '''Liber I''': ''Epitome'' 1a-3f : praefatio; de forma operis * ''Epitome'' 3f-8e : de [[ganeo]]nibus * ''Epitome'' 8e-19a et 24b-25f : de vita heroum [[Homerus|Homericorum]] * ''Epitome'' 19a-23a : de [[ioculator]]ibus lusoribusque et [[saltatio|saltatoribus]] * ''Epitome'' 23a-24b : potare et comedere * ''Epitome'' 25f-34e; '''Liber II''': ''Epitome'' 35a-40f : de [[vinum|vino]] et ebrietate * ''Epitome'' 40f-47a : de [[aqua]] * ''Epitome'' 47a-49d : de [[epulum|epulis]] et [[triclinium|tricliniis]] * ''Epitome'' 49d-71f; '''Liber III''': ''Epitome'' 72a-73e, textus plenus 74a-85c : de [[fructus|fructibus]] [[holus|holeribus]]que * 85c-94b : de conchyliis * 94c-104c : de [[omasum (gastronomia)|omasis]] carnibusque variis * 104c-108f : de [[squillarum genus|cammaris]], [[iecur]]e, cibo marino * 108f-116a : de [[panis|pane]] * 116a-121e : de salsamentis * 121e-125f : de usu [[glacies|glaciei]] * 125f-127d : de [[placenta (libum)|placenta]] * '''Liber IV''': 128a-169b : de cenis [[Macedonia|Macedonum]] [[Graecia|Graecorum]] aliorumque * 169b-174a : de instrumento coquinario * 174a-185a : de instrumentis musicis * '''Liber V''': 186a-193c : de [[symposium|symposiis]] Homericis * 193c-211d : de conviviis Hellenisticis * 211d-222b : de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|luxus|luxu|fr|qid=Q10953913}} philosophorum * '''Liber VI''': 222a[bis]-228c : de [[piscatus|piscatoribus]] * 228c-234c : de instrumento cenatico * 234c-262a : de [[parasitus (Graecia antiqua)|parasitis]] * 262a-270e : de [[servitudo|servis]] * 270e-275b; '''Liber VII''': 275e-330c '''Liber VIII''': 330f-365a : de piscibus * '''Liber IX''': 366a-368f : de [[perna]] * 368f-376c et 384a-411a : de holeribus et carnibus animalium volatiliumque * 376c-383f : de [[coquus|coquis]] * '''Liber X''': 412a-448b : de ganeonibus potoribusque * 448b-459c : de [[aenigma]]tibus * '''Liber XI''': 459a[bis]-503f et ''Epitome'' 781c-784d : de vasis potoriis * 503f-509e : de [[Plato]]nis malitia * '''Liber XII''': 510a-554f : de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|luxus|luxu|fr|qid=Q10953913}} * '''Liber XIII''': 555a-572d : de [[mulier]]ibus * 572d-596f : de [[hetaera|hetaeris]] * 596f-601e et 610b-612f : de [[amor]]e * 601e-606b : de [[Homosexualitas|homosexualitate]] * 606b-610b : de amore animalium * '''Liber XIV''': 613a-616e : de iocis * 616e-639a : de [[musica]] * 639b-658e : de [[secunda mensa|secundis mensis]] * 658e-664f : de [[coquus|coquis]] * '''Liber XV''': 665a-670f : de [[cottabus|cottabo]] * 670f-686c : de [[corona|coronis]] * 686c-693f : de [[aroma]]tibus * 693f-699c : de [[scolion|scoliis]] * 699d-700e et ''Epitome'' 700f-702c : de [[taeda|taedis]] {{div col end}} == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Athenaeus Deipnosophists edited by Isaac Casaubon.jpg|thumb|Editio Casauboni anno 1657 reimpressa]] [[Imago:Deipnosophistae.tif|thumb|''Dipnosophistae'', 1535]] ; Editiones et versiones * 1514 : [[Marcus Musurus]], ed., ''Ἀθηναίου δειπνοσοφιστοῦ τὴν πολυμαθεστάτην πραγματείαν νῦν ἔξεστι σοι φιλόλογε ... ἐς γνῶσιν ἐλθεῖν''. Venetiis apud [[Aldus Manutius|Aldum]] et Andream socerum, 1514 ([[editio princeps]]); [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10195496-8 Textus] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10139384-1 aliud exemplar] * 1535 : [[Iacobus Bedrotus]], [[Christianus Herlinus]], edd., ''Ἀθηναίου δειπνοσοφιστῶν βίβλια πεντεκαίδεκα: Athenaei Dipnosophistarum, hoc est argute sciteque in convivio disserentium, lib. XV''. Basileae: apud I. Valderum, 1535 {{Ling|Graece}} [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11347990-8 Textus] apud Monacenses * 1556 : [[Natalis de Comitibus]], interpr., ''Athenaei Dipnosophistarum sive Coenae sapientium libri XV'' Natale de Comitibus Veneto nunc primum e Graeca in Latinam linguam vertente. Venetiis apud Andream Arrivabenum, 1556; Basileae: Henrichus Petrus, 1556; Parisiis: Franciscus Barptolomaeus Honoratus, 1556; Lugduni, 1556 {{Ling|Latine}} [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10139391-5 Editio Veneta] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10170016-6 Editio Parisiensis] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10170015-0 Editio Lugdunensis] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10994136-8 Editio Basiliensis] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10140574-7 Editio Veneta 1572] * 1583 : [[Iacobus Dalechampius]], interpr., ''Athenaei ... Deipnosophistarum libri quindecim'' in Latinum sermonem versi a Iacobo Dalechampio. Lugduni: A. de Harsy, 1583; ibidem 1597 {{Ling|Latine}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_F97OmyRmBFQC Editio 1583 apud Internet Archive] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10195500-7 apud Monacenses] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10139392-0 aliud exemplar] * 1598 : [[Isaacus Casaubonus]], ed.; [[Iacobus Dalechampius]], interpr., ''Athenaei Deipnosophistarum libri quindecim''. Heidelbergiae 1598 {{Ling|Graece|Latine}} [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10139387-7 Textus] ** ''Athenaei Deipnosophistarum libri quindecim'' ex editione [[Isaacus Casaubonus|Casauboni]] et interpretatione Dalechampii. Lugduni 1612 et 1657 {{Ling|Graece|Latine}} [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10209605-9 Editio 1612] [http://bvpb.mcu.es/es/consulta/registro.cmd?id=406751 Editio 1612 (imprime “''Objetos digitales''”)] [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ZvGCkzC6SkEC Editio 1657 apud Internet Archive] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10139388-3 apud Monacenses] * 1680 : [[Michael de Marolles]], interpr., ''Athénée: Les quinze lives des Deipnosophistes'' e versionibus Latinis Francogallice a Michaele de Marolles versi. Lutetiae: J. Langlois, 1680 {{Ling|Francogallice}} [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1230239 Textus interretialis] * 1789 : [[Lefebvre de Villebrune]], interpr., ''Banquet des savans par Athénée'' interpr. Lutetiae, 1789. 5 voll. {{Ling|Francogallice}} * 1801-1807 : [[Iohannes Schweighaeuser|J. Schweighäuser]], ed., ''Athenaei Naucratitae Deipnosophistarum libri XV''. Argentorati 1801-1807 {{Ling|Graece|Latine}} [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru01athe 1] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru02athe 2] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru03athe 3] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru04athe 4] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru05athe 5] * 1827 : [[Gulielmus Dindorf|G. Dindorf]], ed., ''Athenaei Deipnosophistarum libri XV''. Lipsiae 1827. {{Ling|Graece}} [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistae01athe 1] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistae02athe 2] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistae00athe 3] * 1840 : Giovanni Petrettini, interpr., ''Dei dipnosofisti di Ateneo tutto che risguarda alle belle arti ...'' (''Biblioteca greca delle belle arti'', vol. 2). Mediolani: Molina, 1840 {{Ling|Italiane}} {{Google Books|8PDFeX0VvYAC}} * 1854 : C. D. Yonge, interpr., ''The Deipnosophists or Banquet of the Learned of Athenaeus''. 3 voll. Londinii: Henry Bohn, 1854. {{Ling|Anglice}} [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Literature/Literature-idx?type=browse&scope=Literature.DeipnoSub Textus huius versionis] [http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/Literature.AthV1 v. 1] * 1858-1867 : [[Augustus Meineke|A. Meineke]], ed., ''Athenaei Deipnosophistae''. 3 voll. Lipsiae 1858-67. (''[[Bibliotheca Teubneriana]]'') {{Ling|Graece}} * 1887-1890 : [[Georgius Kaibel|G. Kaibel]], ed., ''Athenaei Naucratitae Deipnosophistarum libros XV''. Lipsiae: Teubner, 1887-90. 3 voll. (''[[Bibliotheca Teubneriana]]'') {{Ling|Graece}} [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k251078 Vol. 1] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k25111h 2] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k25112v 3] * 1924 : Thierry Sandre, interpr., ''Le Chapitre treize d'Athénée''. Ambianis: Malfère, 1924 {{Ling|Francogallice}} [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k329986c Textus] apud Gallica * 1927-1941 : [[Carolus Burton Gulick|C. B. Gulick]], ed. et interpr., ''Athenaeus: The Deipnosophists''. 7 voll. Cantabrigiae Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1927-1941. (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') 7 voll. {{Ling|Graece|Anglice}} [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Athenaeus/Introduction*.html Praefatio huius editionis apud LacusCurtius] * 1956 : A. M. Desrousseaux, ed. et interpr., ''Athénée de Naucratis: Les deipnosophistes: livres I et II''. Lutetiae: Les Belles Lettres, 1956. (''[[Collection Budé]]'') {{Ling|Graece|Francogallice}} * 1998-2001 : Claus Friedrich, interpr., T. Nothers, ed., ''Athenaios: Das Gelehrtenmahl''. 5 voll. Stutgardiae: Hiersemann, 1998–2001 * 2000- : Lucía Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén, ed. et interpr., ''Ateneo: Banquete de sofistas''. Vol. 1- . Matriti: Gredos, 1998- * 2001 : Luciano Canfora, ed.; R. Cherubina et al., interprr.; Christian Jacob, praefat., ''Ateneo: I deipnosofisti: I dotti a banchetto''. 4 voll. Romae: Salerno editrice, 2001 {{Ling|Graece|Italiane}} [http://www.plekos.uni-muenchen.de/2002/ratenaios.pdf recensio huius editionis] * 2006-2012 : {{ec|id=Olson, ed. (2006-2012)|c=[[S. Douglas Olson]], ed. et interpr., ''Athenaeus: The Learned Banqueters''. 8 voll. Cantabrigiae Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006-2012 (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') {{Ling|Graece|Anglice}}}} * 2009 : Benoit Louyest, ed., ''Mots de poissons: le Banquet des sophistes, livres 6 et 7''. Villeneuve d'Ascq: Septentrion, 2009 * 2018 : Sylvie Rougier-Blanc, ed., ''Athénée de Naucratis. Le banquet des savants, livre XIV: Spectacles, chansons, danses, musiques et desserts''. 2 voll. Burdigalae: Ausonius. ISBN 9782356132369 * 2019- : Douglas Olson, ed., ''Athenaeus Naucratites: Deipnosophistae'': volumina quinque quorum prima non iam prodit. Berolini: De Gruyter, 2019- (''[[Bibliotheca Teubneriana]]'') ; Commentarii * 1600 : [[Isaacus Casaubonus]], ''Animadversiones in Athenaei Deipnosophistas''. Lugduni 1600 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_EIEfx0tNQScC/ editio 1664]; [https://archive.org/details/b28771667_0001 editio 1796/1843 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/b28771667_0002 2] [http://www.archive.org/details/animadversionumi03casauoft 3] * 1801-1807 : J. Schweighäuser, ''Animadversiones in Athenaei Deipnosophistas''. Argentorati 1801-1807. [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru06athe 1] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru07athe 2] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru08athe 3] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru09athe 4] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru10athe 5] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru11athe 6] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru12athe 7] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru13athe 8] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru14athe 9 (indices)] ; Eruditio recentior * D. Ambaglio, “I Deipnosofisti di Ateneo e la tradizione storica frammentaria” in ''Athenaeum'' vol. 78 (1990) pp. 51-64 * Barry Baldwin, “Athenaeus and His Work” in ''Acta Classica'' vol. 19 (1976) pp. 21-42 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24591503 JSTOR] * Aurélien Berra, “[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/47107458.pdf Athénée et le style]” in Pierre Chiron, Carlos Lévy, edd., ''Les Noms du style dans l’Antiquité gréco-romaine'' (Lovanii: Peeters, 2010) pp. 253-278 * David Braund, John Wilkins, edd., ''Athenaeus and his world: reading Greek culture in the Roman Empire''. Exoniae: University of Exeter Press, 2000 * Jerzy Danielewicz, “Poetic Quotations and Discourse Strategies in Athenaeus” in ''Eos'' vol. 93 (2006) pp. 116-130 * I. Düring, “De Athenaei Dipnosophistarum indole atque dispositione” in ''Apophoreta Gotoburgensia Vilelmo Lundström oblata'' (Gothenburgi, 1936) pp. 226-270 * Robert J. Gorman, Vanessa B. Gorman, ''Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature''. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2014 * Catherine Grandjean, Anna Heller, Jocelyne Peigney, ''A la table des rois: luxe et pouvoir dans l'oeuvre d'Athénée''. Redonis: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2013. ISBN 978-2-7535-2888-8 * Madeleine Henry, “The Edible Woman: Athenaeus's Concept of the Pornographic” in Amy Richlin, ed., ''Pornography and Representation in Greece and Rome'' (Oxoniae, 1992) pp. 250-268 * Christian Jacob, “Ateneo, o il dedalo delle parole” in Luciano Canfora et al., edd., ''Ateneo: I deipnosofisti: i dotti a banchetto'' (Romae: Salerno editrice, 2001) vol. 1 pp. xi-cxvi * Christian Jacob, “La Citation comme performance dans les ''Deipnosophistes'' d'Athénée” in Catherine Darbo-Peschanski, ed., ''La Citation dans l'antiquité'' (Gratianopoli: Millon, 2004) pp. 147-174 * Christian Jacob, ''Faut-il prendre les Deipnosophistes au sérieux?'' Lutetiae: Les Belles Lettres, 2020 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2014/2014.01.33/ recensio versionis Anglicae antea divulgatae] * Jeroen Lauwers, “The Dictates of Language: Food, Words, and Narcissism in Athenaeus's Dinner of the Sophists” in ''Arethusa'' vol. 49 (2016) pp. 47-60 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26324670 JSTOR] * Dominique Lenfant, “Peut-on se fier aux “fragments” des historiens? L’exemple des citations d’Hérodote” in ''Ktema'' vol. 24 (1999) pp. 103-121 * {{ec|id=Lenfant, ed. (2005)|c= Dominique Lenfant, ed., ''Athénée et les fragments d'historiens: actes du colloque de Strasbourg (16-18 juin 2005)''. Lutetiae: De Boccard, 2007. ISBN 9782701802305 [http://dominiquelenfant.free.fr/pdf/2007.Lenfant.ATHENEE.pdf Textus] }} * Pauline A. Leven, “New Music and its Myths: Athenaeus' reading of the aulos revolution (‘Deipnosophistae’ 14.616E-617F)” in ''Journal of Hellenic Studies'' vol. 130 (2010) pp. 35-47 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41722529 JSTOR] * Lajos Nyikos, ''Athenaeus quo consilio quibusque usus subsidiis Dipnosophistarum libros composuerit''. Basileae, 1941; [https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=31405347364 De hoc libro]; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27676950 recensio apud JSTOR] * John Paulas, “How to Read Athenaeus' Deipnosophists” in ''American Journal of Philology'' vol. 133 (2012) pp. 403-439 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23269874 Textus] * Christopher Pelling, “Athenaeus and the Historians” (recensio operis {{qc|id=Lenfant, ed. (2005)}}) in ''Classical Review'' n.s. vol. 59 (2009) pp. 428-431 * Lucía Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén, “[https://www.academia.edu/23488226/Greek_and_Latin_in_the_late_second_and_early_tird_centuries_CE_Athenaeus_of_Naucratis_and_Claudius_Ael_ian_in_J_B_Torres_Guerra_ed_Utroque_sermone_nostr_o_Bilingüismo_social_y_literario_en_el_imperio_de_Roma_Pamplona_2011_ Greek and Latin in the late second and early third centuries CE: Athenaeus of Naucratis and Claudius Aelian]” in J. B. Torres Guerra, ed., ''Utroque sermone nostro: bilingüismo social y literario en el imperio de Roma'' (Pampelunae, 2011) pp. 83-98 * Renate Schlesier, “A Sophisticated hetaira at Table: Athenaeus’ Sappho” in Bruno Currie, Ian Rutherford, edd., ''The Reception of Greek Lyric Poetry in the Ancient World: Transmission, Canonization and Paratext'' (Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 2019) pp. 342-372 {{Google Books|1mzDDwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} * Yannick Scolan, ''Le Convive et le Savant. Sophistes, rhéteurs, grammairiens et philosophes au banquet, de Platon à Athénée''. Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2017 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2019_num_88_1_3957_t11_0295_0000_2 Recensio critica] * M. B. Trapp, recensio operis {{qc|id=Olson, ed. (2006-2012)}} vol. 1-2 in ''International Journal of the Classical Tradition'' vol. 16 (2009) pp. 116-120 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40388870 JSTOR] * John Wilkins, “Athenaeus the Navigator” in ''Journal of Hellenic Studies'' vol. 128 (2008) pp. 132-152 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40651727 JSTOR] * {{ec|id=Wilkins and Hill (1995)|c=John Wilkins, Shaun Hill, “The sources and sauces of Athenaeus” in John Wilkins, David Harvey, Mike Dobson, edd., ''Food in antiquity'' (Exoniae: Exeter University Press, 1995) pp. 429-438}} * Giuseppe Zecchini, ''La cultura storica di Ateneo''. Vita e pensiero, 1989. ISBN 8834303466 ; De singulis rebus fontibusque * W. G. Arnott, ed., ''Alexis: the fragments'' (Cantabrigiae, 1996) pp. 34–41 * W. G. Arnott, “On editing comic fragments from literary and lexicographical sources” in D. Harvey, J. Wilkins, edd., ''The Rivals of Aristophanes'' (Londinii: Duckworth, 2000) pp. 1–13 * Krystyna Bartol, “The Voice of Tradition: Representations of Homeric Singers in Athenaeus 1.14a-d” in ''Classical Quarterly'' n.s. vol. 57 (2007) pp. 231-243 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4493487 JSTOR] * Monica Berti et al., “Documenting Homeric Text Re-use in the ‘Deipnosophistae’ of Athenaeus of Naucratis” in ''Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies'' vol. 59 (2016) pp. 121-139 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44254157 JSTOR] * Ewen Bowie, “Athenaeus’ knowledge of early Greek elegiac and iambic poetry” in David Braund, John Wilkins, edd., ''Athenaeus and his world: reading Greek culture in the Roman Empire'' (Exoniae: University of Exeter Press, 2000) pp. 124–135 * Jean-Claude Carrière, “[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ista_0000-0000_2007_ant_1079_1_2668 Les citations de Xénophon dans le Banquet des sophistes d'Athénée]” in ''Troïka. Parcours antiques. Mélanges offerts à Michel Woronoff'' (''Collection de l'Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Antiquité'', 2007) pp. 219-240 * P. Cipolla, “Su alcuni citazioni Euripidee in Ate” in David Braund, John Wilkins, edd., ''Athenaeus and his world: reading Greek culture in the Roman Empire'' (Exoniae: University of Exeter Press, 2000) pp. 203–217 * Mark De Kreij, “Οὔκ ἐστι Σαπφοῦς τοῦτο τὸ ᾆσμα: Variants of Sappho's Songs in Athenaeus' Deipnosophistae” in ''Journal of Hellenic Studies'' vol. 136 (2016) pp. 59-72 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157493 JSTOR] * Robert J. Gorman, Vanessa B. Gorman, “The Tryphê of the Sybarites: A Historiographical Problem in Athenaeus” in ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'' vol. 127 (2007) pp. 38-60 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30033501 JSTOR] * R. Hawley, “Pretty, Witty and Wise: courtesans in Athenaeus' ''Deipnosophistai'' book 13” in ''International Journal of Moral and Social Sciences'' vol. 8 (1993) pp. 73-91 * D. Lenfant, “On Persian Tryphe in Athenaeus” in C. Tuplin, ed., ''Persian Responses'' (Swanseae, 2007) pp. 51-65 * Laura McClure, ''Courtesans at Table. Gender and Literary Culture in Athenaeus''. Novi Eboraci: Routledge, 2003 * Laura McClure, “Subversive Laughter: The Sayings of Courtesans in Book 13 of Athenaeus' Deipnosophistae” in ''American Journal of Philology'' vol. 124 (2003) pp. 259-294 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1561664 JSTOR] * Ivan Matijašić, “Herodotus in the Theatre at Alexandria? On Athenaeus 14.620d” in ''Journal of Hellenic Studies'' vol. 139 (2019) pp. 83-93 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26869549 JSTOR] * Lucía Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén, “[https://www.academia.edu/76083120/Autoridad_e_inspiración_en_época_imperial_análisis_de_algunos_pasajes_paralelos_en_Ateneo_y_Eliano Autoridad e inspiración en época imperial: análisis de algunos pasajes paralelos en Ateneo y Eliano]” in ''Fortunatae'' no. 32 (2020) pp. 643-663 * R. Quaglia, “Citazioni di Aristofane e della comedia in Ateneo” in ''Maia'' vol. 53 (2001) pp. 611–633 * Luciana Romeri, “Platon chez Athénée” in Catherine Darbo-Peschanski, ed., ''La Citation dans l'antiquité'' (Gratianopoli: Millon, 2004) pp. 175-188 * K. Sidwell, “Athenaeus, Lucian and fifth-century comedy” in David Braund, John Wilkins, edd., ''Athenaeus and his world: reading Greek culture in the Roman Empire'' (Exoniae: University of Exeter Press, 2000) pp. 136–152 * Michael Witty, “[https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.1080/08109028.2018.1443619 Athenaeus describes the most ancient intellectual property]” in ''Prometheus'' vol. 35 (2017) pp. 137–143 ; De dialogo personisque * Barry Baldwin, “The Minor Characters in Athenaeus” in ''Acta Classica'' vol. 20 (1977) pp. 37-48 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24591523 JSTOR] * Alessandra Lukinovich, “The play of reflections between literary form and the sympotic theme in the Deipnosophistae of Athenaeus” in Oswyn Murray, ed., ''Sympotica'' (Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1990) pp. 263-271 (''[https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/1991/1991.05.13/ This is apparently the first literary study of Athenaeus in over half a century]'', ait Richard Hamilton) * Luciana Romeri, ''Philosophes entre mots et mets: Plutarque, Lucien et Athénée autour de la table de Platon'' (Gratianopoli: Millon, 2002) pp. 278-290 ; De traditione et fortuna * W. G. Arnott, “Athenaeus and the Epitome: texts, manuscripts and early editions” in David Braund, John Wilkins, edd., ''Athenaeus and his world: reading Greek culture in the Roman Empire'' (Exoniae: University of Exeter Press, 2000) pp. 41-52 * Christopher Collard, “Athenaeus, the Epitome, Eustathius and Quotations from Tragedy” in ''Rivista di Filologia e di Istruzione Classica'' vol. 97 (1969) pp. 157–179 * Robert L. Fowler, “Paul Maas's Athenaeus” in ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' vol. 172 (2010) pp. 55-64 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20756785 JSTOR] * Benoît Louyest, “[https://journals.openedition.org/rursus/1045 L’épitomé du Banquet des sophistes d’Athénée: vers une étude comparative entre l’épitomé et le Marcianus]” in ''Rursus'' no. 8 (2012) * Massimiliano Ornaghi, “[https://www.academia.edu/26442861/Linceo_di_Samo_in_Ateneo_e_Ateneo_in_Suda_casi_di_amplificazione_della_tradizione_indiretta_in_QUADERNI_del_Dipartimento_di_Filologia_Linguistica_e_Tradizione_Classica_Augusto_Rostagni_N_S_2_2003_pp_49_79 Linceo di Samo in Ateneo e Ateneo in Suda: casi di amplificazione della tradizione indiretta]” in ''Quaderni del Dipartimento di Filologia Linguistica e Tradizione Classica “Augusto Rostagni”'' n.s. vol. 2 (2003) pp. 49-79 * Lucía Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén, “[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269110249_La_traduccion_del_banquete_de_los_eruditos_de_Ateneo_de_Naucratis La traducción del banquete de los eruditos de Ateneo de Náucratis]” in ''Vasos comunicantes'' no. 18 (2002) pp. 112-118 * Lucía Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén, “[https://web.archive.org/web/20160321230658/https://buleria.unileon.es/bitstream/handle/10612/954/Noriega%20Guillen.pdf?sequence=1 La reconstrucción del comienzo del Banquete de los eruditos a la luz de Ateneo V 186 E]” in J.-M. Nieto Ibáñez, ed., ''Lógos Hellenikós. Homenaje al Profesor Gaspar Morocho Gayo'', vol. I (Legione: Universidad de León, 2003) pp. 395-403 {{NexInt}} * [[Archeanassa]] * [[Deipnosophistarum epitome]] * [[Semper aliquid novi affert Africa]] == Nexus externi == {{Vide-etiam|Deipnosophistarum epitome#Nexus externi}} ; Libri manuscripti * [[Bibliotheca Marciana]] [[Venetiae|Venetiarum]]: MS. [https://library.princeton.edu/byzantine/manuscripts/30398 Marcianus 447] (catalogus apud Princetonienses) ** [http://www.internetculturale.it/jmms/iccuviewer/iccu.jsp?id=oai%3A193.206.197.121%3A18%3AVE0049%3ACSTOR.240.10151&mode=all&teca=marciana Series imaginum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240218182748/http://mss.bmlonline.it/s.aspx?Id=AWOItj97I1A4r7GxMMLN&c=Athenaeus#/oro/7 Codex B recentior] (Laurentianus plut. 60.1) * [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10721732b Codex D recentior] (Parisinus gr. 3056) * [https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=royal_ms_16_c_xxiv_fs001r.pdf Codex M recentior]{{Nexus deficit|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (BM Bibl. Regia 16 C XXXIV) * [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/cpgraec47/0007/image,info,thumbs Codex P recentior] (Palatinus Heidelbergensis gr. 47) * [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10722800x Codex Q recentior] (Parisinus gr. 1833) ; Eruditio * ''[https://www.digitalathenaeus.org/ Digital Athenaeus]'' ** [http://www.digitalathenaeus.org/tools/Casaubon-Kaibel_converter/ Convertor numerationum Casauboni et Kaibel] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130619213725/http://mercure.fltr.ucl.ac.be/HODOI/concordances/intro.htm#athenee Textus et subsidia] apud mercure {{Ling|Graece|Francogallice}} * Lucía Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén, ''[https://www.lnoriega.es/Ateneo.html Bibliografía sobre Ateneo de Náucratis]'' {{Penna}} [[Categoria:Cenae litterariae]] [[Categoria:Dialogi]] [[Categoria:Libri de re coquinaria]] [[Categoria:Libri philologici]] [[Categoria:Litterae Graecae aevi Romani]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 3]] ha40lshpl0wznentodvfnzxzbah053p 0 31887 3966981 3965283 2026-06-27T05:52:19Z Grufo 64423 Pars autotranslata plus quam septem dies in pagina mansit: deleo 3966981 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Queen 1984 0009.jpg|thumb|upright|Fridericus Mercury [[Francofurtum ad Moenum|Francoforti]] anno [[1984]].]] [[Fasciculus:Freddie Mercury signature.svg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Subscriptio]] Friderici Mercury.]] {{res|Fridericus Mercury}} (nomine nativo ફારોખ બલ્સારા‌ {{IAST|Farokha Balsārā}} [[Stone Town]] in antiquissimo urbis [[Zanzibara]]e vico die [[5 Septembris]] [[1946]] natus; propter [[SCDI]] [[Londinium|Londinii]] mortuus die [[24 Novembris]] [[1991]]), fuit [[cantor]] et [[musicus]], socius [[Queen]] [[grex musicus|gregis musici]].<ref name="inourstar.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.inoutstar.com/news/Freddie-Mercury-real-name-Farrokh-Bulsara-1876.html |title=Freddie Mercury (real name Farrokh Bulsara) Biography |publisher=Inout Star |accessdate=11 Iulii 2010}}.</ref> Clarissima suae [[vox|vocis]] potentia erat: ad tres [[octava]]s sine auxilio [[vocula falsa|voculae falsae]] pervenire poterat. In [[insula]] nativa et in [[India]] in [[religio]]ne [[Zoroastrismus|Zoroastriana]] eruditus est; annum autem septimum decimum agens, in [[Anglia]]m ad [[Felthamia]]m [[Middelsexia]]e, refugus cum parentibus migravit. {{NexInt}} *''[[Cirolana mercuryi]]'' == Notae == <references/> {{Anni vitae|1946|1991|Mercurius, Fridericus}} [[Categoria:Cantores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Homosexualitas]] [[Categoria:Incolae Angliae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Indiae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Zanzibarae]] [[Categoria:Socii Queen gregis]] {{Myrias|Homines}} hisajy6u6vghuypteil4nx09lm8po7r 0 32010 3966830 3709451 2026-06-26T15:04:49Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3966830 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == Fontes == * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] dny4qe1fyzjjmz22zc3ch7vgzapoe72 3966831 3966830 2026-06-26T15:06:32Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Lege etiam */ 3966831 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == Fontes == * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] hs7ssf2rbki6f2757ruwbzoynpr0qk9 3966832 3966831 2026-06-26T15:09:37Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Fontes */ 3966832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] 9fccrkqf0hiei327itbiw3o0bbuit0y 3966833 3966832 2026-06-26T15:11:36Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ 3966833 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] g4q9a4u0fq6v00g3nxi20dpry8siuqx 3966834 3966833 2026-06-26T15:11:48Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ 3966834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] fib6rjhj9o8anlxjoqv65x9nmk28yks 3966836 3966834 2026-06-26T15:13:21Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3966836 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] d1ctp09majqeyrpbs5zk5vilm71m5rx 3966842 3966836 2026-06-26T15:27:52Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3966842 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] 0389xlpv47085us65p091oja0zwbzc4 3966843 3966842 2026-06-26T15:38:51Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Familia */ 3966843 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit vicissim Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae (377), quaestor sacri palatii [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno 390 reconcilatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] Eugenium sequitur qui ei [[Consul|consulatum]] offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] nfrgtweh8vx2934sg47126d758s49r4 3966845 3966843 2026-06-26T15:40:09Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De cursu honorum */ 3966845 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit vicissim Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae (377), quaestor sacri palatii [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno 390 reconcilatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] sequitur qui ei [[Consul|consulatum]] offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] 5pweqnq8bc562jr9fe9i94v0wqwyhhh 3966846 3966845 2026-06-26T15:42:04Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ 3966846 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit vicissim Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae (377), quaestor sacri palatii [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno 390 reconcilatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] sequitur qui ei [[Consul|consulatum]] offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] c8n1impap0yk2m5fo8fggn8g6sanhb2 3966847 3966846 2026-06-26T15:43:17Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De cursu honorum */ 3966847 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit vicissim Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae (377), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno 390 cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui ei [[Consul|consulatum]] offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] ej37w2zfp7lit05ge1bqhb0mpmgdduv 3966848 3966847 2026-06-26T15:45:23Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De cursu honorum */ 3966848 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit vicissim Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae (377), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno 390 cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui ei [[Consul|consulatum]] offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus est. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] 35rol99vl9gb0xq0q6ec5ps7c9p2w3x 3966863 3966848 2026-06-26T16:13:05Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De cursu honorum */ 3966863 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit vicissim Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui ei [[Consul|consulatum]] offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus est. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] 3vztxmli0z27i4v58u6xhu9d1rp7xgz 3966865 3966863 2026-06-26T16:21:52Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De cursu honorum */ 3966865 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit vicissim Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui tolerantiam erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus est. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] i6szdg741192bec0mr7rm8o1h80npf4 3966866 3966865 2026-06-26T16:22:24Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De cursu honorum */ 3966866 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganesimus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit vicissim Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui [[Tolerantia|tolerantiam]] erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus est. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] j1wozlda9g8mpcxrpo9f8kcqk090spw 3966892 3966866 2026-06-26T19:45:28Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3966892 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganismus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit vicissim Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui [[Tolerantia|tolerantiam]] erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus est. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] kzbgubg7xqdakkd3ta2k4l1lhbja279 3966896 3966892 2026-06-26T19:48:56Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De cursu honorum */ 3966896 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganismus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit ex ordine Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui [[Tolerantia|tolerantiam]] erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus est. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] mw7wr4baap30z20dix4fn857m5kju73 3966897 3966896 2026-06-26T19:49:59Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De cursu honorum */ 3966897 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganismus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit ex ordine Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui [[Tolerantia|tolerantiam]] erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] hkzfudtljrpg6p4e3uw3xj6wvz5wc0j 3966898 3966897 2026-06-26T19:51:49Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Lege etiam */ 3966898 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganismus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit ex ordine Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui [[Tolerantia|tolerantiam]] erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus", ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus" in ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "{https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436262 Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] r0s09bqmvu7shkt8olbivobrnh8ostq 3966899 3966898 2026-06-26T19:52:49Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Lege etiam */ 3966899 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganismus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit ex ordine Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui [[Tolerantia|tolerantiam]] erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436364 Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "{https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436262 Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] a0nan4jlipcyt7bx2g81t8gvo3ziwip 3966900 3966899 2026-06-26T19:53:47Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Lege etiam */ 3966900 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganismus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit ex ordine Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui [[Tolerantia|tolerantiam]] erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436364 Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436261 The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "{https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436262 Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] orxkwvm43pjqq8gc6dmrf5lzddbda71 3966901 3966900 2026-06-26T19:54:48Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Lege etiam */ 3966901 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganismus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit ex ordine Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui [[Tolerantia|tolerantiam]] erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436364 Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436261 The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "{https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436262 Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=m1lfk9DCtIsC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] rb1k5cv8s2ckhrncsorg3f4ktiqa78j 3966902 3966901 2026-06-26T19:55:32Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Lege etiam */ 3966902 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganismus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit ex ordine Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui [[Tolerantia|tolerantiam]] erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436364 Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436261 The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436262 Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=m1lfk9DCtIsC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] szcjh96exp4h92e0rw02l3fcehtqfxe 3966903 3966902 2026-06-26T19:59:26Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Lege etiam */ 3966903 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganismus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit ex ordine Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui [[Tolerantia|tolerantiam]] erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436364 Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 *Iohannes Petrus Callu, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0223-5099_2006_ant_361_1_11710 Les préfectures de Nicomaque Flavien]", in ''Mélanges d’histoire ancienne offerts à William Seston'', 1974, pp. 73-80 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436261 The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436262 Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=m1lfk9DCtIsC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] pmkwguwoucyp066ivkl3ks8zkmrx7c8 3966904 3966903 2026-06-26T20:01:51Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Lege etiam */ 3966904 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganismus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit ex ordine Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui [[Tolerantia|tolerantiam]] erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436364 Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 *Iohannes Petrus Callu, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0223-5099_2006_ant_361_1_11710 Les préfectures de Nicomaque Flavien]", in ''Mélanges d’histoire ancienne offerts à William Seston'', 1974, pp. 73-80 *Émilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1953_num_22_2_3215 Flavius Vopiscus est-il Nicomaque Flavien ?]", ''L'Antiquité Classique'', 1953: 361-382 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436261 The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Thomas Grünewald, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436262 Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=m1lfk9DCtIsC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] eyxcj0gzx9op8odqmp4y075yt437pri 3966908 3966904 2026-06-26T20:08:15Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Lege etiam */ 3966908 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganismus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit ex ordine Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui [[Tolerantia|tolerantiam]] erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436364 Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 *Iohannes Petrus Callu, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0223-5099_2006_ant_361_1_11710 Les préfectures de Nicomaque Flavien]", in ''Mélanges d’histoire ancienne offerts à William Seston'', 1974, pp. 73-80 *Émilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1953_num_22_2_3215 Flavius Vopiscus est-il Nicomaque Flavien ?]", ''L'Antiquité Classique'', 1953: 361-382 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436261 The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. *Michel Festy, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436487 Le début et la fin des "Annales" de Nicomaque Flavien]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 1997: 465-478 * Thomas Grünewald, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436262 Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=m1lfk9DCtIsC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] hn9y1lm2nh3z0o45iw1ye4s6jjxd84d 3966909 3966908 2026-06-26T20:15:40Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Lege etiam */ 3966909 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganismus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. == Familia == Filius eius [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (praefectus)|Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] erat. == De cursu honorum == Fuit ex ordine Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui [[Tolerantia|tolerantiam]] erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus erat. == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436364 Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 *Iohannes Petrus Callu, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0223-5099_2006_ant_361_1_11710 Les préfectures de Nicomaque Flavien]", in ''Mélanges d’histoire ancienne offerts à William Seston'', 1974, pp. 73-80 *Émilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1953_num_22_2_3215 Flavius Vopiscus est-il Nicomaque Flavien ?]", ''L'Antiquité Classique'', 1953: 361-382 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436261 The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. *Michel Festy, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436487 Le début et la fin des "Annales" de Nicomaque Flavien]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 1997: 465-478 * Thomas Grünewald, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436262 Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=m1lfk9DCtIsC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] fb5noxz3sac95oc76vatpq7rxw4toor 0 33172 3966870 3602902 2026-06-26T16:49:39Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3966870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa principis Vicidata}} '''Flavius Theodosius''' ([[Cauca]]e apud [[Segovia]]m natus die [[11 Ianuarii]] [[347]] – obiit in [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] die [[17 Ianuarii]] [[395]]), qui dicitur etiam ''Theodosius Magnus'', fuit [[imperator]], ultimus totius [[Imperium Romanum|Imperii Romani]] ab anno [[379]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]]. Edicta eius [[Christianismus|Christianismum]] ut sola religio legitima effecerunt et [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiam Catholicam]] plene comprobaverunt. Postea imperium inter liberos eius [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorium]] et [[Arcadius|Arcadium]] divisum est. == Vita == Theodosius natus est die 11 Ianuarii 347 [[Cauca]] aut [[Italica]], [[Hispania]] magistratui militario [[Comes Theodosius|Flavio Theodosio]]. Cursum militarem diu egit multo vitae quoniam filius militis fuit. In expeditionem cum patre ad [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britannia]]m rebellionem supponere inter [[Magna Coniuratio|Magnam Coniurationem]]. Dux Moesiae erat in 374. Mox autem deinde pater eius supplicio capitis affectus est et demissus e gradu, rationibus adhuc obscuris. Sed fortasse est propter cladem et exstinctionem duorum legionum sub imperio sua a Sarmatis in sero 374. Hinc recessit ad Hispaniam. Post breve spatium obscuritatis et effugii ab insectatione inter discordia post mortem [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]], mox postea gradus pristinus ei redditus est. Theodosius factus est imperator Orientis post mortem [[Flavius Valens|Valentis]] [[Proelium Hadrianopolitanum|proelio Hadrianopolitano]] in 378 et par imperatoris Occidentis [[Gratianus|Gratiani]]. Gratianus eum promovit propter inopiam successoris Valentis et solus candidatus gentis Romanae. Post mortem [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniani II]] in 392 factus est solus imperator supremus, et institit filios ut successores, [[Arcadius]] in Oriente et [[Honorius]] in Occidente. == Christianismus Institutus est ut sola religio legitima == Multa erunt mutata de re religiosa et statu religionis in Imperio Romano dum Theodosius regnavit. Situs Christianismi, iam fautus et promotus ab imperatoribus abhinc Constantinus, provectus erit ad unam et solam religionem licitam Imperii. Item religiones gentiles et aliae, iam patientes varia edicta et decreta intendiora contra se, proscriptae erunt et illictae declari. Hic denique repugnationem Paganorum provocaverit et discordiam domesticam incitaverit. === Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum (381) === Theodosius in 381, edixit Christianismum, praesertim Christianismum [[Symbolum Nicaenum|Nicaenum]], imponendum per provincias imperii. Cum hoc reliquum subsidii imperatorii [[Religio Romana|Religioni Romanae]] abrogatum est et toleratio publica religionum deleta est. Nicaenus Christianismus solus legitimus factus est a Theodosio et Episcopis [[Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum|Concilio Constaninopolitano Primo]] unde haereses Christianas quoque damnatae sunt et sublatae. === Pugnae cum Paganis === Post edictum augens iracundia apud Paganis erat propter crescentes proscriptiones et insectationem contra eos. In 392, mortuus Valentinianus suspensus est quaestus domo suo. Magister Militum Valentiniani [[Abogastes]], miles Francus et Paganus, affirmavit istum esse suicidium. Plures suspiciones surrectae sunt cum [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenius]] ad imperatorem Occidentis provexit. Mox bellum civile inter Eugenium et Theodosium erupit. Bellum civile ad summam venit [[Proelium Fluminis Frigidi|Proelio Fluminis Frigidi]]. Hic fuit ultimum certamen maior inter Paganos et Christianos. Eventu Pagani devincti sunt et triumphus diuturnus Christianis. Imperium breviter unitum est postremo sub imperatore Christiano Theodosio. === Persecutio contra Paganismum === Christianismus effectus est sola religio legitima a Theosodio in 381. Hic signavit deminutionem et ruina religionum [[Polytheismus|Polytheisticarum]] ut sacrificium et veneratio aliorum deorum proscriptae sunt. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Theodosius I|Theodosium I}} * {{BBKL|t/theodosios_r_k_i|auctor=Josef Rist|commentatio=THEODOSIUS I, römischer Kaiser|tomus=11|columnae=989-994}} * [http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo1.htm De Imperatoribus Romanis, Theodosius I] [[Lingua Anglica|(Anglice)]] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Ausonius|Decimus Magnus Ausonius]] et [[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius]]| annus= 380<br />cum<br />[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesare Flavio Gratiano Augusto]] V| successores=[[Flavius Syagrius]] et [[Flavius Eucherius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] III et [[Eutropius]]| annus= 388<br />cum<br />[[Maternus Cynegius|Materno Cynegio]]| successores=[[Flavius Timasius]] et [[Flavius Promotus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]| annus= 393<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Abundantius|Flavio Abundantio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] III et [[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] II }} {{Imperatores Romani}} {{Imperatores Constantinopolitani}} [[Categoria:Imperatores Romani]] [[Categoria:Nati 347]] [[Categoria:Mortui 395]] [[Categoria:Theodosius I|!]] [[Categoria:Arcadius (imperator)]] {{Myrias|Homines}} tfwaaekqycnu897rdir297fw2zhlau7 3966871 3966870 2026-06-26T16:50:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Persecutio contra Paganismum */ 3966871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa principis Vicidata}} '''Flavius Theodosius''' ([[Cauca]]e apud [[Segovia]]m natus die [[11 Ianuarii]] [[347]] – obiit in [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] die [[17 Ianuarii]] [[395]]), qui dicitur etiam ''Theodosius Magnus'', fuit [[imperator]], ultimus totius [[Imperium Romanum|Imperii Romani]] ab anno [[379]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]]. Edicta eius [[Christianismus|Christianismum]] ut sola religio legitima effecerunt et [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiam Catholicam]] plene comprobaverunt. Postea imperium inter liberos eius [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorium]] et [[Arcadius|Arcadium]] divisum est. == Vita == Theodosius natus est die 11 Ianuarii 347 [[Cauca]] aut [[Italica]], [[Hispania]] magistratui militario [[Comes Theodosius|Flavio Theodosio]]. Cursum militarem diu egit multo vitae quoniam filius militis fuit. In expeditionem cum patre ad [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britannia]]m rebellionem supponere inter [[Magna Coniuratio|Magnam Coniurationem]]. Dux Moesiae erat in 374. Mox autem deinde pater eius supplicio capitis affectus est et demissus e gradu, rationibus adhuc obscuris. Sed fortasse est propter cladem et exstinctionem duorum legionum sub imperio sua a Sarmatis in sero 374. Hinc recessit ad Hispaniam. Post breve spatium obscuritatis et effugii ab insectatione inter discordia post mortem [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]], mox postea gradus pristinus ei redditus est. Theodosius factus est imperator Orientis post mortem [[Flavius Valens|Valentis]] [[Proelium Hadrianopolitanum|proelio Hadrianopolitano]] in 378 et par imperatoris Occidentis [[Gratianus|Gratiani]]. Gratianus eum promovit propter inopiam successoris Valentis et solus candidatus gentis Romanae. Post mortem [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniani II]] in 392 factus est solus imperator supremus, et institit filios ut successores, [[Arcadius]] in Oriente et [[Honorius]] in Occidente. == Christianismus Institutus est ut sola religio legitima == Multa erunt mutata de re religiosa et statu religionis in Imperio Romano dum Theodosius regnavit. Situs Christianismi, iam fautus et promotus ab imperatoribus abhinc Constantinus, provectus erit ad unam et solam religionem licitam Imperii. Item religiones gentiles et aliae, iam patientes varia edicta et decreta intendiora contra se, proscriptae erunt et illictae declari. Hic denique repugnationem Paganorum provocaverit et discordiam domesticam incitaverit. === Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum (381) === Theodosius in 381, edixit Christianismum, praesertim Christianismum [[Symbolum Nicaenum|Nicaenum]], imponendum per provincias imperii. Cum hoc reliquum subsidii imperatorii [[Religio Romana|Religioni Romanae]] abrogatum est et toleratio publica religionum deleta est. Nicaenus Christianismus solus legitimus factus est a Theodosio et Episcopis [[Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum|Concilio Constaninopolitano Primo]] unde haereses Christianas quoque damnatae sunt et sublatae. === Pugnae cum Paganis === Post edictum augens iracundia apud Paganis erat propter crescentes proscriptiones et insectationem contra eos. In 392, mortuus Valentinianus suspensus est quaestus domo suo. Magister Militum Valentiniani [[Abogastes]], miles Francus et Paganus, affirmavit istum esse suicidium. Plures suspiciones surrectae sunt cum [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenius]] ad imperatorem Occidentis provexit. Mox bellum civile inter Eugenium et Theodosium erupit. Bellum civile ad summam venit [[Proelium Fluminis Frigidi|Proelio Fluminis Frigidi]]. Hic fuit ultimum certamen maior inter Paganos et Christianos. Eventu Pagani devincti sunt et triumphus diuturnus Christianis. Imperium breviter unitum est postremo sub imperatore Christiano Theodosio. === Persecutio contra Paganismum === Christianismus effectus est sola religio legitima a Theosodio in 381. Hic signavit deminutionem et ruinam religionum [[Polytheismus|polytheisticarum]] ut sacrificium et veneratio aliorum deorum proscriptae sunt. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Theodosius I|Theodosium I}} * {{BBKL|t/theodosios_r_k_i|auctor=Josef Rist|commentatio=THEODOSIUS I, römischer Kaiser|tomus=11|columnae=989-994}} * [http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo1.htm De Imperatoribus Romanis, Theodosius I] [[Lingua Anglica|(Anglice)]] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Ausonius|Decimus Magnus Ausonius]] et [[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius]]| annus= 380<br />cum<br />[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesare Flavio Gratiano Augusto]] V| successores=[[Flavius Syagrius]] et [[Flavius Eucherius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] III et [[Eutropius]]| annus= 388<br />cum<br />[[Maternus Cynegius|Materno Cynegio]]| successores=[[Flavius Timasius]] et [[Flavius Promotus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]| annus= 393<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Abundantius|Flavio Abundantio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] III et [[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] II }} {{Imperatores Romani}} {{Imperatores Constantinopolitani}} [[Categoria:Imperatores Romani]] [[Categoria:Nati 347]] [[Categoria:Mortui 395]] [[Categoria:Theodosius I|!]] [[Categoria:Arcadius (imperator)]] {{Myrias|Homines}} i18ck4nam7h4u7r4296zbtmzoayvm1u 3966872 3966871 2026-06-26T16:51:42Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3966872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa principis Vicidata}} '''Flavius Theodosius''' ([[Cauca]]e apud [[Segovia]]m natus die [[11 Ianuarii]] [[347]] – obiit in [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] die [[17 Ianuarii]] [[395]]), qui dicitur etiam ''Theodosius Magnus'', fuit [[imperator]], ultimus totius [[Imperium Romanum|Imperii Romani]] ab anno [[379]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]]. Edicta eius [[Christianismus|Christianismum]] solam religionem legitimam effecerunt et [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiam Catholicam]] plene comprobaverunt. Postea imperium inter liberos eius [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorium]] et [[Arcadius|Arcadium]] divisum est. == Vita == Theodosius natus est die 11 Ianuarii 347 [[Cauca]] aut [[Italica]], [[Hispania]] magistratui militario [[Comes Theodosius|Flavio Theodosio]]. Cursum militarem diu egit multo vitae quoniam filius militis fuit. In expeditionem cum patre ad [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britannia]]m rebellionem supponere inter [[Magna Coniuratio|Magnam Coniurationem]]. Dux Moesiae erat in 374. Mox autem deinde pater eius supplicio capitis affectus est et demissus e gradu, rationibus adhuc obscuris. Sed fortasse est propter cladem et exstinctionem duorum legionum sub imperio sua a Sarmatis in sero 374. Hinc recessit ad Hispaniam. Post breve spatium obscuritatis et effugii ab insectatione inter discordia post mortem [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]], mox postea gradus pristinus ei redditus est. Theodosius factus est imperator Orientis post mortem [[Flavius Valens|Valentis]] [[Proelium Hadrianopolitanum|proelio Hadrianopolitano]] in 378 et par imperatoris Occidentis [[Gratianus|Gratiani]]. Gratianus eum promovit propter inopiam successoris Valentis et solus candidatus gentis Romanae. Post mortem [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniani II]] in 392 factus est solus imperator supremus, et institit filios ut successores, [[Arcadius]] in Oriente et [[Honorius]] in Occidente. == Christianismus Institutus est ut sola religio legitima == Multa erunt mutata de re religiosa et statu religionis in Imperio Romano dum Theodosius regnavit. Situs Christianismi, iam fautus et promotus ab imperatoribus abhinc Constantinus, provectus erit ad unam et solam religionem licitam Imperii. Item religiones gentiles et aliae, iam patientes varia edicta et decreta intendiora contra se, proscriptae erunt et illictae declari. Hic denique repugnationem Paganorum provocaverit et discordiam domesticam incitaverit. === Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum (381) === Theodosius in 381, edixit Christianismum, praesertim Christianismum [[Symbolum Nicaenum|Nicaenum]], imponendum per provincias imperii. Cum hoc reliquum subsidii imperatorii [[Religio Romana|Religioni Romanae]] abrogatum est et toleratio publica religionum deleta est. Nicaenus Christianismus solus legitimus factus est a Theodosio et Episcopis [[Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum|Concilio Constaninopolitano Primo]] unde haereses Christianas quoque damnatae sunt et sublatae. === Pugnae cum Paganis === Post edictum augens iracundia apud Paganis erat propter crescentes proscriptiones et insectationem contra eos. In 392, mortuus Valentinianus suspensus est quaestus domo suo. Magister Militum Valentiniani [[Abogastes]], miles Francus et Paganus, affirmavit istum esse suicidium. Plures suspiciones surrectae sunt cum [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenius]] ad imperatorem Occidentis provexit. Mox bellum civile inter Eugenium et Theodosium erupit. Bellum civile ad summam venit [[Proelium Fluminis Frigidi|Proelio Fluminis Frigidi]]. Hic fuit ultimum certamen maior inter Paganos et Christianos. Eventu Pagani devincti sunt et triumphus diuturnus Christianis. Imperium breviter unitum est postremo sub imperatore Christiano Theodosio. === Persecutio contra Paganismum === Christianismus effectus est sola religio legitima a Theosodio in 381. Hic signavit deminutionem et ruinam religionum [[Polytheismus|polytheisticarum]] ut sacrificium et veneratio aliorum deorum proscriptae sunt. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Theodosius I|Theodosium I}} * {{BBKL|t/theodosios_r_k_i|auctor=Josef Rist|commentatio=THEODOSIUS I, römischer Kaiser|tomus=11|columnae=989-994}} * [http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo1.htm De Imperatoribus Romanis, Theodosius I] [[Lingua Anglica|(Anglice)]] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Ausonius|Decimus Magnus Ausonius]] et [[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius]]| annus= 380<br />cum<br />[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesare Flavio Gratiano Augusto]] V| successores=[[Flavius Syagrius]] et [[Flavius Eucherius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] III et [[Eutropius]]| annus= 388<br />cum<br />[[Maternus Cynegius|Materno Cynegio]]| successores=[[Flavius Timasius]] et [[Flavius Promotus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]| annus= 393<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Abundantius|Flavio Abundantio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] III et [[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] II }} {{Imperatores Romani}} {{Imperatores Constantinopolitani}} [[Categoria:Imperatores Romani]] [[Categoria:Nati 347]] [[Categoria:Mortui 395]] [[Categoria:Theodosius I|!]] [[Categoria:Arcadius (imperator)]] {{Myrias|Homines}} akdssmzzcfoh9eu5cid5kwi70iurttt 0 36140 3966875 3592767 2026-06-26T17:15:53Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Conza della campania-panorama.jpg|thumb|Compsa]] '''Compsa'''<ref name="graesse">{{Graesse}}}</ref><ref name="Sacco" /><ref name="CathHier">Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|scnb|Archidioecesis Sancti Angeli de Lombardis-Compsana-Nuscana-Bisaciensis}}</ref><ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071224170930/http://digilander.libero.it/toponomastica/hirpinia.html https://web.archive.org/web/20071224170930/http://digilander.libero.it/toponomastica/hirpinia.html]</ref> {{victio|Compsa|ae|f}} (alia nomina: ''Consa''<ref name="Sacco">{{Sacco}}}</ref>) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Conza della Campania|Conza della Campania]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 1&nbsp;450 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Campania (Italia)|Campania]], in [[Provincia Abellinas|Provincia Abellinensi]] et in [[Hirpinia]] historica ac geographica regione situm. Incolae ''Compsani''<ref name="graesse" /><ref name="CathHier" /> (etiam: ''Consani'') appellantur. == Insignia == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' Fasciculus:Merito civile gold medal BAR.svg|''[[Urbs nomisma aureum civilis virtutis causa tributum]]'' </gallery> == Geographia == * [[Hirpinia]] (''terra'') == Clari cives == === Hic vixerunt === * [[Marcus Nummius Umbrius Primus Senecio Albinus]] == Aedificia egregia == * Ecclesia cumcathedralis Assumptionis B.M.V. == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == Compsa, cum [[Fanum Sancti Angeli de Langobardis|Fano Sancti Angeli de Langobardis]], [[Nuscum|Nusco]] et [[Bisacia]], [[sedes episcopalis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] cum [[Archiepiscopus|Archiepiscopo]] est. Nomen sedis episcopalis [[Archidioecesis Sancti Angeli de Lombardis-Compsana-Nuscana-Bisaciensis]]<ref name="CathHier" /> est. == Municipia finitima == * [[Andrecta]], * [[Cairanum (Campania)|Cairanum]], * [[Caput Sileris]], * [[Castrum Novum Compsanorum]] ([[Provincia Salernitana|SA]]) * [[Fanum Sancti Andreae Compsae]], * [[Morra]], * [[Petrapagana]] ([[Provincia Potentina|PZ]]), * [[Theora]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Campania (Italia)|Campaniam]] (''regionem''), * [[Provincia Abellinas|Provinciam Abellinatem (vel Abellinensem)]], * [[Hirpinia]]m (''terram''), * [[Abellinum]] (''urbem''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.comune.conzadellacampania.av.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Conza della Campania|Compsam}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Conza della Campania.png|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Abellinati. Imago:Cattedrale (Conza della Campania).jpg|Ecclesia cumcathedralis Assumptionis B.M.V. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Compsa| ]] fxprpvp319prirgukb5metbb1hhm4jh 0 37130 3966877 2492357 2026-06-26T17:39:26Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966877 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Concilium Lateranense Secundum ''' fuit [[Oecumenicum Concilium|oecumenicum concilium]] [[Ecclesia catholica|ecclesiae catholicae]]. Hoc concilium, a [[papa]] [[Innocentius II|Innocentio II]] mense Aprili [[1139]] convocato, ut [[schisma]]m cum [[antipapa]] [[Anacletus II|Anacleto II]] removeret, [[caelibatus|caelibatum]] [[presbyter]]orum inter alia decrevit. == Nexus externus == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100130105308/http://www.legionofmarytidewater.com/faith/ECUM10.HTM Concilium Lateranense Secondum] {{reli-stipula}} {{Oecumenica Concilia}} [[Categoria:Concilia Oecumenica]] inedvi8ssu5p0yqju6r0zyh6u1btdfp 0 37164 3966876 3799913 2026-06-26T17:37:41Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966876 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:San Giovanni in Laterano 2021.jpg|thumb|[[Basilica Sancti Ioannis in Laterano]].]] '''Concilium Lateranense Primum''' fuit [[oecumenicum concilium]] [[Ecclesia catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]], primum concilium in [[Europa Occidentalis|Europa Occidentali]] celebratum, atque a [[papa]] [[Callistus II|Callisto II]] anno [[1123]] convocatum, plerumque ut [[simonia]]m damnaret. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140814204744/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/lateran1.html Canones Concilii Lateranensis Primi] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080516071252/http://www.legionofmarytidewater.com/faith/ECUM09.HTM De Concilio Lateranensi Primo] {{reli-stipula}} {{Oecumenica Concilia}} [[Categoria:Concilia Oecumenica]] ow6j0yqk73k3f5plhqgm8k05480j3pd 0 42874 3966946 3782957 2026-06-26T23:49:11Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966946 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Claude Vignon - Croesus and Solon.jpg|thumb|upright=1|''Croesus et Solon.'' [[Pictura]] [[Claudius Vignon|Claudii Vignon]], [[1629]].]] '''Croesus''' ([[Graece]] Κροῖσος, natus circa annum [[595 a.C.n.]]; mortuus circa annum [[546 a.C.n.]]) patri [[Alyattes|Alyatti]] successit et fuit ab anno [[560 a.C.n.]] usque ad annum [[546 a.C.n.]] ultimus [[Lydia (regnum)|Lydiae]] [[rex]], qui [[divitiae|divitiis]] et liberalitate innotuit. [[Lingua|Linguis]] barbaris quoque [[proverbium|proverbiales]] sunt divitiae Croesi; exempli gratia, [[Francogallice]] ''riche comme Crésus'' idem valet atque praedives. == De gente == Mermnadarum regia gente ortus Croesus erat filius [[Alyattis II]] et mulieris [[Caria|Cariae]]. Semifrater{{dubsig}} ei fuit Pantaleon matre [[Ionia]] natus, quem [[regnum]] sibi vindicantem Croesus a patre successor designatus supplicio adfecit atque eius bona [[deus|deis]] devovit.<ref>[[Herodotus]] I.92. [[Plutarchus]], ''Moralia'' 401e.</ref> Ipsi Croeso duo filii fuerunt e quibus maior natu patre adhuc regnante casu infelici periit cum [[Aper|aprum]] venaretur.<ref>[[Herodotus]] I.34-46.</ref>, alter vero surdus mutusque ab infantia numquam ullam vocem emiserat<ref>Herodotus I.34 et 85.</ref> == De regno == [[Fasciculus:British Museum gold coin of Croesus.jpg|thumb|[[Nummus]] aureus Lydius, fortasse e tempore Croesi.]] Croesus non tantum in Lydia regnavit, sed exceptis [[Lycia]] et [[Cilicia]] tota Asia Minore occidentali citra flumen [[Halys|Halyn]] quo separabatur a [[Medi|Medis]] et Persis.<ref>Herodotus I.28.</ref> [[Ionia|Ionicas]] quoque [[urbs|urbes]] maritimas in [[litus|litore]] subegerat et stipendiarias fecerat quae [[miles|milites]] exercitui regio praestare debebant. Ita [[Thales Milesius|Thales Milesius]] expeditionis adversus [[Cyrus II (rex Persarum)|Cyrum]] particeps fuit.<ref>[[Herodotus]] I.74-75.</ref> Quam ob rem Herodotea [[historia]] [[bellum|bellorum]] inter [[Graeci|Graecos]] et barbaros a Croeso exordium cepit.<ref>I.6ː ''πρῶτος τῶν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν τοὺς μὲν κατεστρέψατο Ἑλλήνων ἐς φόρου ἀπαγωγήν.'' . . . ''Πρὸ δὲ τῆς Κροίσου ἀρχῆς πάντες Ἕλληνες ἦσαν ἐλεύθεροι''ː primus quem quidem noverimus nonnullos e Graecis subegit tributi imponendi causa. Ante Croesi regnum omnes Graeci liberi erant: ''Ἰωνίης τὴν πρώτην καταστροφὴν'' (I.92) illa eventa appellabat quae alioqui brevissime rettulit. Vide M. Lloyd, "̪[https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/5647/1/Lloyd%2C_Croesus%27_Priority.pdf "Croesus' priority: Herodotus 1.5.3,"]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Liverpool Classical Monthly'' 1984ː 11.</ref> Contra cum Graecis [[insula]]s circumiacentes incolentibus Croesus amicitiam [[commercium|commercii]] causa contraxit postquam eos subigere non posse perspexit.<ref>[[Herodotus]] I.27.</ref> Nam Lydorum [[mores]] a Graecis non multum differebant.<ref>[[Herodotus]] I.94 et VII.74.</ref> Ita rex Croesus magna oracula panhellenica studiose consultabat quotienscumque bellum incipere in animo habebat; [[Pythia|Pythiam]] [[Delphi (urbs Graeciae)|Delphis]], [[Amphiaraus|Amphiaraum]] in [[Boeotia]], [[Ammon|Ammonem]] in Libya, [[Branchidae|Branchidas]] [[Miletus|Milesios]] etc. quae magnificis donis postea extollebat.<ref>Herodotus I.46-52 et 93. Peter Thonemann, ''[https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/70C38FFC0B81B7EDC620820D933BB7A9/S0075426916000112a.pdf/croesus_and_the_oracles.pdf Croesus and the oracles]''; Journal of Hellenic studies, 2016 (136)ː 152–167. H.W. Park, "[https://search.proquest.com/openview/babd362cd013f5c7d4ea71db21a85c1b/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1819401 Croesus and Delphi]", ''Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies'' 1984ː 209-232.</ref> Item [[templum|templa]] illustria donis votivis ornabat, in primis tamen [[Templum Dianae Ephesium|Dianam Ephesiam]].<ref>Aenne Ohnesorg, ''Der Kroisos-Tempel : neue Forschungen zum archaischen Dipteros der Artemis von Ephesos'' (Vindobonae: 2007).</ref> curavit. Praedives enim erat ob metalla auri et argenti et commercium. Flumen [[Pactolus]] quoque qui prope [[Sardes]] fluebat scrupulos [[aurum|auri]] secum ferre dicebatur. Lydi inventores rei nummariae a multis aestimantur.<ref>[[Herodotus]] I.94.</ref> Regem Persarum tamen [[Cyrus II (rex Persarum)|Cyrum]] metuebat ne imperium suum ultra modum augeret. Quocirca societates cum [[Pharao|Pharaone]] [[Amasis II|Amasi]], cum [[Babylon|Babyloniis]] eorumque rege [[Nabonidus|Nabonido]]<ref>[[Herodotus]] I.77.</ref> et cum [[Lacedaemon|Lacedaemoniis]] (oraculo Delphico obsecutus<ref>Herodotus I.53-70.</ref>) inierat. Prior bellum inferre maluit, [[Astyages (rex Medorum)|Astyagem]] Medum, maritum sororis suae<ref>Herodotus I.74</ref>, a Cyro regno pulsum se ulcisci velle causatus<ref>[[Herodotus]] I.74-75</ref>. Haly flumine transgresso [[Cappadocia|Cappadociam]] invadit et eorum agros vastat. Exercitus Cyri Croeso obviam venit atque post primum proelium Lydii domum redire constituerunt. Cyrus eos confestim persecutus est atque altero proelio sub [[Sardis|Sardium]], regiae urbis, moenibus commisso vicit. Secundum Herodotum Cyrus equitatum, quo maxime pollebant Lydii, turbarat camelis adversus eos missis ː equi camelorum nec aspectus nec odoris patientes statim tergum vertere. Sardes obsessae sunt et iam quinto decimo die captae. Ideo tempus succurrendi sociis a rege vocatis defuit<ref>Herodotus I.83-84.</ref>. Ipsum Croesum utrum simul perierit an a Cyro servatus sit ut volebat historicus Herodotus et [[Xenophon]]<ref>''[[Cyropaedia]]'' VII.2.29 et 4.12-13. Apud Herodotum [[Cambyses II|Cambysen]], Cyri successorem, in Aegyptum adhuc sequitur.</ref> incertum est ː certe nihil amplius de eo accepimus praeter Graecas fabulas. Ita Lydia [[Satrapiae Imperii Achaemenidarum|satrapia]] [[Imperium Achaemenidarum|imperii Persici]] tum facta est. == De fabula philosophica == [[Fasciculus:Kroisos stake Louvre G197.jpg|thumb|Croesus in pyra sedens. [[Amphora]] [[Attica]] figuris rubentibus [[Vulci|Vulcis]] inventa. Quae pictura Herodoto paulo antiquior putatur in qua Croesus in rogum volens ascendisse videtur.]] Rex Croesus doctos homines ex omni Graecia libens invitabat atque magnifice habebat. Cum autem [[Solon]], Atheniensium legislator et unus e [[Septem sapientes|septem sapientibus]] ad se [[Sardis|Sardis]] venisset rex. postquam divitias ei ostendit, sapientem interrogavit quemnam omnium mortalium beatissimum iudicaret, sperans se ipsum responsurum. At Solon Tellum Atheniensem nominavit atque secundo loco [[Cleobis et Bito|Cleobin et Bitonem]]. Cum autem indignaretur Croesus quod se et divitias suas sprevisset, Solon talem rationem responsi sui reddidit ː neminem nisi mortuum beatum dici posse ; adeo inconstanter [[Fortuna (dea)|fortunam]] res humanas gubernare<ref>[[Herodotus]], ''[[Historiae (Herodotus)|Historiae]]'' I.30-33</ref> ǃ Ipsae res mox Croesum stultitiae coarguerunt qui filium infelici casu ab hospite Adrasto interfectum amisit et a [[Cyrus II (rex Persarum)|Cyro]] Persarum rege bello victus regno caruit. Cum iussu victoris in pyra sederet igne iam inlato dicti Solonis reminiscens eius nomen ter exclamavit, mirante Cyro quisnam esset quem invocaret. Illa clarissima fabula ab [[Herodotus|Herodoto]] narrata saepe apud auctores antiquos memorabatur et pictores inspiravit. Ostendit, quod Graecis antiquis cordi erat, quomodo dei ῦβριν<ref>Superbiam Latine dicere potes.</ref> (''hybrin'') humanam castigent et quam infida res sit fortuna. Itaque Cyrus re comperta de supplicio Croesi sententiam mutavit et veniam ei dedit ab illa fabula edoctus hominem se esse ut Croesum fortunae vicissitudinibus obnoxium<ref>[[Herodotus]] I.86.</ref>. Quin etiam consiliis Croesi infortunio sapientioris facti posthac libenter utebatur<ref>E.g. [[Herodotus]] ''[[Historiae (Herodotus)|Clio]]'' 207-208.</ref>. == Alia mirabilia == Alia mirabilia de Croeso referebat Herodotus. Cum iam in rogo sederet atque Cyrus sententiam mutasset nec homines ignem exstinguere iam possent, Croesus magna voce Apollinem deum invocavit cui magna dona fecerat et cuius ambiguo oraculo deceptus bellum Persis intulerat (nam deus responderat si Croesus bellum Cyro indixisset magnum imperium deletum iri<ref>[[Herodotus]] I.53 et 91.</ref>). Statim nubes in liquido caelo convenere et pluere coepit tam vehementer ut exstincto rogo mirabilis salus misero Croeso fieret<ref>[[Herodotus]] I.87.</ref>. Poeta [[Bacchylides]] aliter eandem rem cecinerat ː servitutem ut effugeret cum Sardes iam captas videret rex Croesus sponte sua cum filiabus et uxore in pyram conscendit. At Iuppiter pluendo incendium exstinxit et Apollo regem et filias apud [[Hyperborea|Hyperboraeos]] transtulit. Eandem fabulam atque Bacchylides pictor vasis [[Vulci|Vulcis]] reperti illustrasse videtur. Item Herodotus narrabat mutum surdumque filium Croesi Sardibus captis cum miles aliquis in patrem quem non agnoverat impetum faceret prima verba ingenti pavore elicita emisisse exclamansː "Noli regem Croesum interficere", ac in posterum sermone usum esse ut ceteri mortales. Quod Pythia olim de filio interrogata Croeso praedixerat cum eum monuit ne vocem filii audire cuperet ː nisi enim infelicissima die verba non facturum.<ref>[[Herodotus]] I.85.</ref> Numeris mystica et occulta significantibus utebatur ː Croesus bis septem annos regnavit, quattuordecim diebus captae sunt Sardes, quattuordecim adulescentes secum in rogo habuit. Quod fidem historicam narrationis eius dubiam nobis facit. In summa Croesus apud Herodotum [[Tragoedia|tragoediae]] heroi similior videtur, fato inexpiabili obnoxius ob scelus ante quintam subolem a [[Gyges|Gyge]] commissum qui regno alieno potitus erat dum fraude muliebri regem [[Candaules|Candaulem]] interficit<ref>[[Herodotus]] I.91.</ref>. Multa in illis fabulis a sacerdotibus Delphicis inventa videntur qui rationem aliquam reddere cogebantur cur rex tam pius fortuna ita contraria usus esset. == In litteris et artibus == [[Fasciculus:Francken Croesus showing his treasures.jpg|thumb|Cresus divitias suas Soloni ostendit ː tabula a Francisco Francken circa 1615 picta.]] Memoria Croesi apud antiquos Graecos vivax permanet, scilicet ob magnifica dona quae Delphis ostendebantur. Quinto saeculo a poetis [[Bacchylides|Bacchylide]] et [[Pindarus|Pindaro]]<ref>''Pythica'' I.94 ː ''οὐ φθίνει Κροίσου φιλόφρων ἀρετά''</ref> memoratur, ne de Herodoto loquar. Quarto saeculo a.C.n. [[Socrates|Socraticus]] discipulus [[Xenophon]] mythistoriam de educatione et vita Cyri II conscripsit, paene nullam fidem historicam praebentem, in quam Croesum de beata vita et divitiis cum Cyro disputantem induxit. Item [[Plutarchus]] et [[Lucianus]]<ref>''Charon'' est sermo in inferis habitus cuius personae sunt ː [[Charon (mythologia)|Charon]], Croesus, Solon, [[Mercurius (deus)|Mercurusque]].</ref> exemplo Croesi ad moralia proposita utuntur. Pictores aetatis modernae Croesum divitias Soloni ostendentem plerumque pinxerunt. Reinhard Keiser fabulam cantatam de Croesi fato (''Der hochmütige, gestürzte und wieder erhabene Croesus''<ref>Croesus superbus deiectus rursusque elatus.</ref>) in scaenam anno 1711 [[Hamburgum|Hamburgi]] primum produxit, quam anno 1730 magna ex parte reformavit. Multum placuit illo quidem tempore (Keiser magno favore frui solebat ut qui paene sexaginta fabulas cantatas composuisset) sed iamdiu oblivione obruta erat cum Renatus Jacobs anno 2000 illam docuit. Hodieque anno 2020 in theatris Francicis docetur. [[Fasciculus:Map of Lydia ancient times-la.svg|thumb|Fines Croesi regni.]] == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == * [[Bacchylides]] III.23-62. *[[Diodorus Siculus]] libro nono ''[[Bibliotheca historica (Diodorus)|Bibliothecae Historicae]]'', fragmenta, passim *[[Herodotus]], ''[[Historiae (Herodotus)|Clio]]'' 26-94 et 154-155 et 207-208. ''Thalia'' 34 et 36. [[Historiae (Herodotus)|Erato]] 37-38 et 125 *[[Plutarchus]], ''Solon'', 27. *[[Xenophon]], libro septimo ''[[Cyropaedia|Cyropaediae]]'' II.9-29 et IV.12-13 necnon libro octavo II.15-23. == Plura legere si cupis == [[Fasciculus:Reinhard Keiser - Croesus - title page of the libretto - Hamburg 1711.png|thumb|Reinhardi Keiser libellus anni 1711.]] === Latine === * Iacobus Klerk, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=2Q5TAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP3&dq=cyropaedia+dissertatio+academia&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q=cyropaedia%20dissertatio%20academia&f=false Dissertatio historica et literaria de vita Croesi quam Xenophon in Cyropaedia tradidit, ad fidem historicam exacta]'', Lugduni Batavorum, M. Cyfveer, 1825 * Ioannes Theodorus Voemel, ''Exercitatio chronologica de aetate Solonis et Croesi'', Francofurti : typis Broennerianis, 1832 === Barbare === * H.P. Borrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/42681074.pdf An inquiry into the early Lydian money, and an attempt to fix the classification of certain coins to Croesus]", ''The Numismatic Chronicle (1838-1842)'' ː 216-223 *JAS Evans, "What Happened to Croesus?", ''Classical Journal'' 74/1, 1978ː 33-40 *Irene Frings, ''Der Weise und der König. : Solon und Kroisos bei Herodot und Lukian'', Torun, 1996 (Xenia Toruniensia 2) * John Griffiths, ''Sardis in the age of Croesus'', University of Oklahoma Press, 1968 * Fritz Hellmann, ''Herodots Kroisos-logos'', Berolini, 1934 * Julia Kindt, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/505670 Delphic Oracle Stories and the Beginning of Historiography: Herodotus’ Croesus Logos]", ''Classical Philology'', 2006 ː 141-177 * Israel Munoz Gallarte, "[https://helvia.uco.es/bitstream/handle/10396/12134/27.%201Ploutarchos%2c%208%20%282010-2011%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Hérodote et Plutarque: concernant la rencontre entre Solon et Crésus, roi de Lydie]", ''PLOUTARCHOS'', 2010/2011 ː 117-132 * Albertus Radet, ''[https://archive.org/details/lalydieetlemond02radegoog/page/n7/mode/2up La Lydie et le monde grec au temps des Mermnades (687-546)]'', Parisiis, 1893 *RW Wallace, "Redating Croesus: Herodotean chronologies, and the dates of the earliest coinages", ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'', 2016 ː 168-181 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Croesus|Croesum}} * ''Ancient History Encyclopedia.'' [[2010]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101119122504/http://ancientopedia.com/croesus/ De Croeso.] * [https://www.livius.org/articles/person/croesus/ Croesus apud Livius.org.] * [https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/croesus Croesus apud Encyclopaediam Iranicam.] * Herodotus. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+1.6.1 De Croeso, 1.6–94.] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/ Perseus Project.] * Leloux, Kevin. [[2014]]. [https://www.academia.edu/10635667/Lalliance_lydo-spartiate_Kt%C3%A8ma_39_2014_p._271-288 "L'alliance lydo-spartiate." ''Ktèma'' 39: 271–88.] * Leloux, Kevin. [[2021]]. [https://www.academia.edu/61853262/Les_alliances_lydo_%C3%A9gyptienne_et_lydo_babylonienne_Gephyra_22_2021_p_181_207 "Les alliances lydo-égyptienne et lydo-babylonienne." ''Gephyra,'' 181–207.] * Lendering, Jona. [http://www.livius.org Livius], [https://web.archive.org/web/20130730202829/http://www.livius.org/men-mh/mermnads/croesus.htm De Croeso.] * Parada, Carlos. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120305023141/http://homepage.mac.com/cparada/GML/Croesus.html De vita Croesi.] * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00qm8zg "Gold Coin of Croesus."] [[Podcast]] [[BBC]] ex serie "A History of the World in 100 Objects." {{Myrias|Homines}} [[Categoria:Lydia]] [[Categoria:Reges]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 6 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 6 a.C.n.]] bai7bg1ir5k6ubtvt3p1yexhksyv17f 0 45106 3966894 3813916 2026-06-26T19:48:33Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 3966894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Firdusius''',<ref>"Imo Firdusius Parsismo addictus fuisse traditur" {{Google Books|SdNZAAAAcAAJ|p. xxxv}}.</ref> seu '''Ferdusius''',<ref>"Et si ad poëtas veniendum est, quidni edamus Ferdusium..."; ''Bibliotheca critica nova. Volumen II'' (Lugduni Batavorum, 1826): 210 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_critica_nova_Edentibus_I_Bak/q4UQAAAAIAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ferdusium&pg=PA210&printsec=frontcover].</ref> vulgo ''Firdausī'' (pleno nomine ''Abū al-Qāsim Manṣūr ibn Ḥasan al-Ṭūṣī''; natus circa annum [[940]]; mortuus [[1020]]) fuit [[poeta]] [[Irania|Persicus]], [[auctor]] [[poesis epica|carminis epici]] cuius titulus est ''[[Sahnamah|Šāhnāmah]]'', scilicet 'Liber regum'. Firdusius, filius hortarii cuiusdam, natus est in pago urbiculae [[Susia|Susiorum]] (Ṭūs) haud longe a [[Mashad|Mašhad]] iacentis in [[regio]]ne [[Chorasania]]. Ipse e patris negotio cognomen habuit ''firdausī'' "qui in paradiso, i.e. horto, laborat". [[Munus]] vatis sive poëtae petens, anno circiter [[977]] [[Alexandria Gasnensis|Alexandriam Gasnensem]] petivit ad aulam principis [[Mahmud (rex Ghaznavidarum)|Maḥmūd-i Ghaznavī]], qui eum continuare iussit [[carmen]] [[historia|historicum]] de [[imperator]]ibus et [[rex|regibus]] [[Persae|Persarum]], nuper a [[Daqiqi|Daqīqī]] inceptum et 2000 [[versus|versuum]] comprehendens. Princeps dicitur [[merces|mercedem]] promisisse ob mille versus mille [[aureum]], sed anno [[1011]], carmine iam ad numerum 120&thinsp;000 versuum extenso, conventum renegavisse; poëtam igitur, mercedem [[argentum|argenteum]] pro aureum despuentem, iratum ab aula exivisse. Mortuus est [[Annus Hegirae|anno Hegirae]] 411 ([[1020]] p.C.n.) annum fere octogesimum agens. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Alexander Rogers, interpr., ''The Sháh-Námah of Fardúsí''. Londinii: Chapman & Hall, 1907 {{Ling|Anglice}} [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282354 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * [[Eduardus Granville Browne|E. G. Browne]], ''Literary History of Persia''. 1998 reimpressum. ISBN 0-7007-0406-X * Jan Rypka, ''History of Iranian Literature''. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1968. ISBN 90-277-0143-1 == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110106124347/http://classics.mit.edu/Ferdowsi/kings.html ''Šāhnāmah'' partim ab Helena Zimmern versa] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 10|1020|Firdusius}} [[Categoria:Auctores Persici]] [[Categoria:Epici]] [[Categoria:Poetae Persiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Iraniae]] {{Myrias|Homines}} k8jo2sg1yz3wd1wqsu4gzv6antel9nw 0 45822 3966869 3966559 2026-06-26T16:43:56Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3966869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{Citatio|'' Super sepulchrum meum sola verba sint:dilexit veritatem '' <ref>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/marcbloch.html ''Testament of Marc Bloch'' apud www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org]</ref>| Ex testamento Marci Bloch}} ''' Marcus Bloch''' (6 Iulii 1886 Lugduni - 16 Iunii 1944 in [[Saint-Didier-de-Formans]] in [[Idanus (praefectura Franciae)|praefectura Idano]]) natus familia [[Iudaei|Iudaica]], fuit illustris [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] [[Francia|Francicus]], qui [[secundum bellum mundanum|secundo bello mundano]] cum [[motus rebellis Francicus|motu rebelli]] consociatus pro libertate pugnavit. Die [[16 Iunii]] [[1944]] a [[Nazista|nazistis]] supplicio affectus est. Die 23 Iunii 2026 in [[Pantheum]] cum uxore intravit<ref>[https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/a-la-une/marc-bloch-est-entre-au-pantheon-une-lecon-face-a-l-esprit-de-defaite-1782282248 La Nouvelle République] [https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2026/06/24/marc-bloch-fait-son-entree-au-pantheon-dans-un-emouvant-moment-de-communion-republicaine_6710059_823448.html Le Monde] [https://www.pantheonsorbonne.fr/sites/default/files/2026-06/20260623_Revue_De_Presse_sp%C3%A9ciale_Marc%20Bloch%20%281%29.pdf Variae relationes ][https://eduscol.education.gouv.fr/6971/marc-bloch-entre-au-pantheon Ministerium ab educatione]</ref>, monumentum quod Respublica Francica magnis viris suis dedicavit. == De historia noviter finita == Novum genus historiae excogitavit quae non in proeliis eventibusque magnis [[Chronologia|chronologice]] narrandis aut regibus ducibusque enumerandis consisteret sed totius societatis decursum describeret. Quocirca historiam 'hominum in tempore scientiam' esse finivit et [[Methodologia|methodos]] aliarum [[Scientia humana|scientiarum humanarum]] dictarum ([[Geographia|geographiae]], [[Anthropologia|anthropologiae]], [[Oeconomica|oeconomiae]], [[Sociologia|sociologiae]] etc.) in praeteritas aetates investigandas introduxit. Ita historiam [[rus|ruralem]] Medii Aevi sibi elegit. Velut vexillum illorum novorum historicorum fuit [[periodicum]] a Marco Bloch et [[Lucianus Febvre|Luciano Febvre]] anno [[1929]] creatum: ''Annales d'histoire économique et sociale'', ita ut huic proposito qui adhaerebant '[[Schola Annalium|schola Annalium]]' appellarentur<ref>André Burguière, ''L'Ecole des Annales: Une histoire intellectuelle'', Editions Odile Jacob, 2006. [https://books.google.fr/books?id=Ze8LC7w_jCoC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]</ref>. E Marco Bloch ortae sunt et [[historia oeconomica]] et [[Historia mentis persuasionum|historia mentis persuasionum]]. == De vita == Eius pater Gustavus Bloch e familia Iudaea Alsatica ortus qui, cum [[Alsatia]] Germaniae anno [[1871]] [[Annexatio|adnexa]] est, Franciam praeoptavit<ref>[https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/218089/374 Actus]</ref> et eo migravit, historiam antiquam professus est tam in [[Schola normalis superior (Lutetia)|Schola Normali Superiore]] quam in [[Universitas Parisiensis|universitate Parisiensi]]. E tali patre Marcus velut hereditatem suam et studium historiae et Franciae amorem accepit. Anno [[1904]] in Scholam Normalem Superiorem (ut pater) admissus et anno [[1908]] adgregatione historiae-geographiae laureatus deinde per annum in Germania studia continuavit, cuius scholae historicae fama tum late vigebat. Postea in [[Lyceum (schola)|lyceis]] docebat. [[Primum bellum mundanum|Primo bello mundano]] fortiter militavit et quater ob virtutem et periculum contemptum publice laudatus est. Anno [[1919]] Simonnam Vidal uxorem duxit quae tota vita cum eo collaboravit et mortuum in Pantheum comitata est. Sex liberos genuerunt. Circa idem tempus electus est inter novos professores qui [[Universitas Argentinensis|Universitatem Argentinensem]] a Germanis conditam Francice renovandam susciperent. Ibi historiam mediaevalem docebat. Anno [[1924]] primum [[magnum opus]] ''Les Rois thaumaturges'' publicat, historiam mentis persuasionum inaugurans et [[Methodus comparativa|methodo comparativa]] fretus. Anno 1929 cum Luciano Febvre periodicum novum ''Annales'' inscriptum creat. Anno [[1931]] in ''Les Caractères originaux de l'histoire rurale française'' plures [[Disciplina academica|disciplinas scientificas]] feliciter miscet. Simul vitam politicam spectat atque anno [[1934]] manifesto contra [[Fascismus|fascismum]] signum suum apposuit. Iam tum enim [[antisemitismus]] in Francia saevire coeperat. Anno 1936 ad [[Universitas Parisiensis|Universitatem Parisiensem]] transit ubi historiam oeconomicam docet. Non obstante aetate 53 annorum cum [[secundum bellum mundanum]] indicitur nomen suum sponte dat et proeliis interest (quintum laudatus est). Post brevem ex [[Dunquerca]] profugus in Anglia moram in Franciam redit sed statim cessatio belli nuntiatur. Cum familia in domum aestivalem [[Crosa (praefectura Franciae)|praefecturae Crosae]], in partem adhuc "liberam" Franciae, refugit. Bibliotheca quinque milium librorum Lutetiae relicta a nazistis direpta magna ex parte in Germaniam abiit. Etenim legibus antisemiticis obnoxius erat et eius bona publicata sunt. Ab anno [[1943]] rebellionis clandestinae Lugduni particeps fit sed mense Martio [[1944]] adprehensus saeviter cruciabatur. Die 16 Iunii cum aliis rebellibus necatur. Duo manuscripta relinquebat posthuma publicata: ''L'étrange défaite'' quo cladem Francicam mensium Maii et Iunii 1940 scrutabatur atque homines et doctrinas in culpa designabat et ''Apologie pour l'histoire ou Métier d'historien'' in quo de artis suae proposito meditabatur. Honoris causa nomen eius viis et plateis aut etiam scholis et collegiis inditum est. == Opera == * 1920 : ''Rois et Serfs'', dissertatio * 1924 : ''[[Les Rois thaumaturges]]'', Istra, 1924 [https://archive.org/details/blochlesroisthaumaturges/page/n9/mode/2up Archive.org] * 1931 : ''[[Les Caractères originaux de l'histoire rurale française]]'', Les Belles Lettres, 1931 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/bude_0004-5527_1931_num_33_1_6599 Auctoris adumbratio][https://www.persee.fr/doc/rnord_0035-2624_1932_num_18_72_1590_t1_0319_0000_1 Recensio critica] * 1939-1940 : ''[[La Société féodale]]'', 2 voll. * 1940 : ''[[L'Étrange Défaite]]'' * 1949 ([[Lucianus Febvre|Lucien Febvre]], ed.) : ''[[Apologie pour l'histoire (Bloch)|Apologie pour l'histoire ou Métier d'historien]]'' == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == ; Editiones operum * Etienne Bloch, ed., ''Marc Bloch: [[Apologie pour l'histoire (Bloch)|Apologie pour l'histoire ou Métier d'historien]]''''. Lutetiae: Armand Colin, 1993 * Bertrand Müller, ed., ''Marc Bloch, Lucien Febvre: correspondance. Vol. 1.: 1928-1933: la naissance des Annales''. Lutetiae: Fayard, 1994. ISBN 2-213-03060-X ; Biographica et critica * Olivier Dumoulin, ''Marc Bloch''. Lutetiae: Presses de Sciences Po, 2000. [https://shs.cairn.info/marc-bloch--9782724644258?lang=fr] * Carole Fink, ''Marc Bloch. Une vie au service de l'histoire''. Lugduni: Presses Universitaires de Lyon, 1997 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=r0OhddQ2zT8C&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] * Massimo Mastrogregori, ''Introduzione a Bloch''. Romae: Laterza, 2001. *Florian Mazel et Yann Potin, ''Marc Bloch. L'histoire en résistance'', Lutetiae, Le Seuil, 2026 [https://lamop.hypotheses.org/15886 Nuntius] * Ulrich Raulff, ''Marc Bloch. Un historien au XXe siècle''. Lutetiae: Editions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, 2006 * Peter Schöttler, ed., ''Marc Bloch - Historiker und Widerstandskämpfer''. Campus-Verlag, 1999 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marc_Bloch Marcum Bloch] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080804051421/http://cmb.ehess.fr/document49.html Marcus Bloch, historicus et miles libertatis], VIII Conférence Marc-Bloch, EHESS, Iunii anno 1986. * [http://www.marcbloch.fr Societas Marco Bloch dicata] * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110616122507/http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/bloch_marc/apologie_histoire/apologie_histoire.html Apologia pro historia]'' (anno [[1941]] opus postumum promulgatum anno [[1949]]) * "[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/ahess_1243-258x_1945_num_8_1_3141?luceneQuery=((%2B(bloch))+AND+(+%2Bpole%3A(revue)+%2Baccess_right%3A(free)+))+AND+(indexable_type%3Aarticlepag%3F)&words=bloch&words=revue&words=free&words=articlepag Testamentum spirituale Marci Bloch"] cum imagine photographica e periodico ''Annales'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Bloch, Marcus}} [[Categoria:Historici Franciae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Argentoratensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Parisiensis]] [[Categoria:Nati 1886]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1944]] [[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]] [[Categoria:Victimae Nazistarum]] [[Categoria:Alumni Scholae Normalis Superioris (Lutetia)]] 914wsfqawmh7cqlxyxwyqr07y3h7p2m 0 52784 3966954 3869679 2026-06-27T01:50:33Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966954 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:CSC-HEW-Cyclassics-2005.jpg|thumb|Curtius Asle Arvesen in [[HEW Cyclassics]] die [[31 Iulii]] [[2005]].]] [[Fasciculus:Kurt-Asle Arvesen.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Curtius Asle Arvesen die [[23 Septembris]] [[2007]].]] '''Curtius''', vulgo ''Kurt,'' '''Asle Arvesen''' (natus in vico [[Nesset]] die [[9 Februarii]] [[1975]]) est [[birotatio|birotarius]] [[Norvegia|Norvegicus]] qui pro [[Manus CSC Saxo Bank|Manu CSC Saxo Bank]] mercede certavit. Die [[16 Iulii]] [[2008]] is vicit undecimam [[Circuitus Franciae]] stationem, cursum ab [[oppidum|oppido]] [[Lannemezan]] ad [[urbs|urbem]] [[Fuxium]]. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.kurtaslearvesen.com Situs interretialis Arvesen proprius.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040125165656/http://www.team-csc.com/person_profiles.asp?p_id=23 Biographia apud situm publicum Manus CSC.] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9Rh-UJbBxE 1996 UCI Road World Under-23 Championships apud Youtube.] {{Lifetime|1975||Arvesen, Curtius-Asle}} [[Categoria:Birotarii Norvegiae]] [[Categoria:Qui stationem in Circuitu Franciae vicerunt]] [[Categoria:Qui stationem in Circuitu Italiae vicerunt]] i1b2brdnyy0fb2e2v9u4gu9odan6oa9 0 60082 3966886 3962552 2026-06-26T19:32:33Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 3966886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Index imperfectus}} {{A-Z}} == A == *{{ancora|Aaron Rascidus}}[[Aaron (calipha)|Aaron Rascidus]] (Hārūn ar-Rašīd) (763-809), calipha 786-809 *[[Abalphatus Asphahanensis]] (ʾAbū l-Fatḥ Maḥmud ibn Muḥammad ibn Qāsim ibn Fadl al-Isfahānī) (X saeculum) *[[Abbas Abdolmotalebi filius]] (al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib) (566 circa-653) *[[Abdaddar]]<ref name=":5" /> (ʿAbd al-Dār ibn Quṣayy) (...-...) *[[Abdala (emir Cordubae)|Abdala]] (ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad) (844-912) *[[Abdalla Abdolmotalebi filius]] (ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib) (545 circa-570) *[[Abdalozza]]<ref name=":5" /> (ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā ibn Quṣayy) (...-...) *Abdelrahmanus Algiami, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Djamius|Djamius]] *[[Abderrama I (emir Cordubae)|Abderrama I]] (ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muʿāwiya) (731-788) *[[Abderrama II (emir Cordubae)|Abderrama II]] (ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥakam) (788-852) *[[Abderrama III (emir Cordubae)|Abderrama III]] (ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh) (889-961) *[[Abderrama IV (calipha Cordubae)|Abderrama IV]] (ʿAbd al-Rahmān ibn Muḥammad) (?-1018) *[[Abderrama V (calipha Cordubae)|Abderrama V]] (ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Hishām) (1001-1024) *{{ancora|Abdilmelic}}[[Abdilmelic]] (ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān) (646-705) *{{ancora|Abdolmotalebus}}[[Abdolmotalebus Hascemi filius]] (ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāšim) (496 circa-578) *Abdolmotleb, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Abdolmotalebus|Abdolmotalebus Hascemi filius]] *[[Abdomenaphus Kosae filius]] (ʿAbd Manāf ibn Quṣayy) (430 circa-...) *[[Abdosciams]] (ʿAbd Šams ibn ʿAbd Manāf) (...-...) *[[Abenguefit]] (Ali Ibn al-Husain Ibn al-Wafid al-Lakhmi) (circa 997-1074) *[[Abenmoat]] (Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Muʿādh al-Jayyānī) (9899-1079) *[[Abimelech]] (ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān) (644 sive 647-705) *[[Abitalibus Abdolmotalebi filius]] (Abū Ṭālib bin ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib) (578 circa-619) *[[Abraham Mahometi filius]] (Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad) (630-632) *[[Abrahim]]<ref name=":1">''Monumenta Germaniae historica inde ab anno Christi quingentesimo usque ad annum millesimum et quingentesimum: Chronica minora saec. IV. V. VI. VII (Vol. 2)'' (Berolini, 1961): 366 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Monvmenta_Germaniae_historica_inde_ab_an/-100AQAAMAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=abrahim+maroan&pg=PA366&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (Ibrāhīm ibn al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik) (...-750) *{{ancora|Abubacer}}[[Abubacer]] (ʾAbū Bakr ʿAbdullah ibn ʿUṯmān) (573-634) *[[Abubacer Aben Tofail|Abubacer]] (ʾAbū Bakr Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Muḥammad ibn Ṭufayl) (1105-1185) *[[Abulcasis]] (Abū al-Qāsim al-Zahrāwi) (936 - 1013) *[[Abulfeda]] (Abū al-Fidāʾ) (1273-1331) *[[Abulola Moarrensis]] (Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī) (973-1057) *[[Acemus]]<ref>''Joh. Jacobi Hofmanni Lexicon universale, Vol. 1'' (Lugduni Batavorum, 1698): 148 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Joh_Jacobi_Hofmanni_Lexicon_universale_E/YXILPR8SjhAC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=acemus+ali&pg=PA148&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī) (625 circa-670) *[[Adhadeldaulatus]]<ref name=":8">''Prolégomènes des tables astronomiques d'Oloug-Beg'' (Lutetiae, 1853): 50 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Prol%C3%A9gom%C3%A8nes_des_tables_astronomiques/4UYF6_72TOsC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=samsameldaulato&pg=RA1-PR50&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (ʿAḍud al-Dawla) (936-983) *Aemina, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Amina Vahebi filia|Amina Vahebi filia]] *{{ancora|Aisa Abubecri filia}}[[Aisa Abubecri filia]] (ʿĀʾiša bint Abī Bakr) (614 circa-678) *Aischa,<ref name=":5">Ioseph Simonius Assemanus, ''Bibliotheca Orientalis Clementino-Vaticana, Tomi Tertii pars secunda'' (Romae, 1728): DLXXVIII [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_Orientalis_Clementino_Vatica/cUMm2nOd06sC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=aischa+mahometi+uxor&pg=PR578&printsec=frontcover].</ref> vide [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Aisa Abubecri filia|Aisa Abubecri filia]] *[[Alaminus]]<ref>''Joannis Philippi Vorburgici vulgo a Vorburg, praepositi monasterii Grandis Vallis, consiliarii Moguntini, et Herbipolensis Historiarum Volumen Decimum'' (Francofurti, 1659): 357 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/JOHANNIS_PHILIPPI_VORBURGICI_vulgo_A_VOR/3vgV7Q9fuTEC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=alaminus&pg=PA397&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (Abū Mūsā Muḥammad bin Hārūn al-Amīn) (787-813) *[[Albatenius]] (Muḥammad ibn Ǧābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī) (ca. 858 – 929) *[[Albirunius]] (Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī) (973-1048) *[[Alboacen]] (Abū al-Hasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb al-Māwardī) (972-1058) *[[Albohali Alghihac]] (Abu 'Ali al-Khayyat) (circa 770-835) *{{ancora|Albohazenhalius}}[[Albohazenhalius Abenragelis filius]] (Abū l-Ḥasan 'Alī ibn Abī l-Rijāl al-Shaybani) (XI saeculum) *[[Albubather]] (Abū Bakr al-Ḥasan ibn al-Khaṣīb al-Kūfī) (saec. IX) *[[Albumasar]] (Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad, Abū Maʿshar al-Balkhī) (787-886) *[[Albuzale]] (Abū al‐Ṣalt Umayya ibn ʿAbd al‐ʿAzīz ibn Abī al‐Ṣalt al‐Dānī al‐Andalusī) (1068 circa-1134) *[[Alcabitius]] (Abû al-Saqr al-Qabîsî 'Abd al-'Azîz ibn Uthmân) (?-967) *[[Alfraganus]] (Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Kaṯīr al-Farġānī) (saec. IX) *[[Algazelus]] (Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī) (1058-1111) *[[Algizar]] (Abū Ǧaʿfar Aḥmad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Abī Khālid ibn al-Ǧazzār) (895-979) *[[Algorismus]] (Muḥammad bin Mūsā Abū Ǧaʿfar al-Ḫwārizmi) (ca. 780 – ca. 835) *Alhaca I, vide [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Alhacen I|Alhacen I]] *Alhaca II, vide [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Alhacen II|Alhacen II]] *[[Alhacen I (emir Cordubae)|Alhacen I]] (Al-Hakam ibn Hishām) (770-822) *[[Alhacen II (calipha Cordubae)|Alhacen II]] (Al-Ḥakam II ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān) (915-976) *[[Alhazenus]] (Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham) (965-1039) *{{ancora|Ali Abbae}}[[Ali Abbae filius al-Maǧūsī]] (ʿAlī Ibn al-ʻAbbās al-Maǧūsī) (? - ca. 990) *{{ancora|Abenrudianus}}[[Ali Abenrudianus]] (Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Riḍwān al-Miṣrī) (988 circa-1061 circa) *{{ancora|Ali Abitalibi filius}}[[Ali Abitalibi filius]] (ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib) (599-661) *[[Alkindus]] (Abū Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn Isḥāq al-Kindī) (801-873), [[Philosophia|philosophus]] *[[Almamonus]] (al-Maʾmūn) (786-833) *[[Almansurus]] (Abū ʿĀmir Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī ʿĀmir) (938-1002) *[[Almundir (emir Cordubae)|Almundir]] (Al-Mundhir ibn Muhammad) (842-888) *[[Almuzahen]] (Sulaymān ibn al-Hakam al-Mustaʿīn) (?-1016) *[[Alnasserus]] (Muḥammad an-Nāṣir) (1182 circa-1213) *[[Alpetragius]] (Nur ed-Din al-Betrugi) (? - ca. 1204) *[[Alpharabius|Abunaser Alpharabius]] (Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn al-Farakh al-Fārābi) (ca. 872 – ca. 950) *Alphraganus, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Alfraganus|Alfraganus]] *[[Alwarekus]] (Abū ʿĪsā Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Warrāq) (...-861) *Alyx: vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Ali Abitalibi filius|Ali Abitalibi filius]] *[[Amadoddinus Ispahanensis]] (ʿImād al-Dīn al-Isfahānī) (1125-1201) *{{ancora|Amer}}[[Amer (calipha)|Amer]]<ref name=":2">''España sagrada, theatro geographico-historico de la Iglesia de España, Tomo VI'' (Matriti, 1751): 431 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Espa%C3%B1a_sagrada_theatro_geographico_hist/UTRTyqKNyFcC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=zoleiman+amer&pg=PA431&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Marwān) (680 circa-720) *[[Ametus filius Iosephi]] (Ahmed ibn Yūsuf ibn Ibrāhim al-Misrī ibn ad-Dāya) (839-912) *{{ancora|Amina Vahebi filia}}[[Amina Vahebi filia]] (Āmina bint Wahb) (549 circa-577 circa) *[[Anaritius]] (Abū l-ʿAbbās al-Faḍl ibn Ḥātim al-Nayrīzī) (865-922) *[[Antara]] (ʿAntarah ibn Šaddād al-ʿAbsīwas) (circa 525- circa 608) *[[Arzachel]] (Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī) (1029–1087) *Asadoddinus Shiracuh, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Siraconus|Siraconus]] *Atthomam, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Othmanus|Othmanus]] *Attuman, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Othmanus|Othmanus]] *[[Avempace]] (Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Yaḥya ibn aṣ-Ṣā’igh at-Tūjībī ibn Bājja) (1095-1138) *[[Avenzoar|Abumeron Avenzoar]] (Abū Marwān ʿAbd al-Malik Ibn Zuhr) (1073-1161) *[[Averroes]] (Abū l-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Rušd) (1126-1198) *[[Avicenna]] (Abū ‘Alī al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā) (980-1037) *[[Azizus Billah]] (al-ʿAzīz biʾllāh) (955-996) *[[Azophi]] (ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī) (903-986) == B == * [[Baibarsus]] (Baybars al-Bunduqdārī) (1223/1228-1277) * [[Ulug Beigus|Ulug Beius]] (Mīrzā Muhammad Tāriq bin Schāhruch Ulugh Beg) (1394-1449) * [[Bohadinus]] (Bahā' al-Dīn ibn Shaddād) (1145-1234) *[[Buhahylyha Bingezla]] (Abū ʿAlī Yahyā ibn ʿĪsā ibn Jazla al-Baghdādī) (XI saeculum) == C == *[[Caitbeius]] (Qāʾit Bāy) (1416/18-1496) *[[Calid filius Ysidri]] (Khālid ibn Yazīd) (? - 704) *[[Campson Gaurus]] (Qānṣūh al-Ghūrī) (1446-1516) *[[Chadidia Chowailidi filia]] (Khadījah bint Khuwaylid) (555?-619) *[[Ebn Chordadabah]]<ref name=":3">''Io. Friderici Weidleri Historia Astronomiae sive De Ortu et Progressu Astronomiae Liber Singularis'' (Vitembergae, 1741): 219 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Io_Friderici_Weidleri_Historia_astronomi/clw_AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Yakutus+quia&pg=PA219&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (Abū l-Qāsim ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Ḫordādhbeh) (820 circa-911) *[[Chowailidus Asadi filius]] (Khuwaylid ibn Asad) (...-585 circa) *[[Constabulus]] (Qusta ibn Luqa) (820-912) == D == *[[Diafarus Mahometi filius aṣ-Ṣādiq]] (Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad aṣ-Ṣādiq) (700?-765) *{{ancora|Djamius}}[[Djamius]] (Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī) (1414-1492) *{{ancora|Dreses}}[[Dreses]] (Muḥammad al-Idrīsī) (1100-1165) == E == * [[Ebenbitar]] (Ibn al-Baiṭār) (1190-1248) * Edrisius, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Dreses|Dreses]] * [[Edrisus Almamunus]]<ref name=":0">''Bibliotheca arabico-hispana escurialensis'' (Matriti, 1770): 223 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_arabico_hispana_escurialensi/jsDKc05YAsUC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=almamunus&pg=PA223&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (Idrīs al-Maʾmūn) (...-1232) * [[Elbochasim|Elbochasim Elimithar]] (Ibn Buṭlān) (1001-1066) *[[Georgius Elmacinus]] (Ǧirǧis ibn al-ʻAmīd Makīn) (1205-1273) *Emina,<ref name=":4">Johannes Henricus Hottingerus, ''Historia orientalis ex variis orientalium monumentis collecta'' (Tiguri, 1660): 18 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historia_orientalis/1a9CAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=phatimam+nuptam&pg=PA18&printsec=frontcover].</ref> vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Amina Vahebi filia|Amina Vahebi filia]] == F == *{{ancora|Fatima}}[[Fatima (Mahometi filia)|Fatima]] (Fāṭima bint Muḥammad) (605/615-632) *Ferdusius, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Firdusius|Firdusius]] *{{ancora|Firdusius}}[[Firdusius]] (Firdausī) (940-1920) *[[Armen Firman]] (Abū al-Qāsim ʿAbbās ibn Firnās) (810-887) == G == *Gaissus, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Giahsius|Giahsius]] *[[Geber]] (Ǧābir ibn Hayyān) (721-815) *[[Geber (al-Ishbili)|Geber]] (Ǧābir ibn Aflaḥ al-Ishbīlī) (XI saeculum-1150) *[[Gelaleddinus]]<ref name=":6">Christophorus Peichich, ''Mahometanus dogmatice, et catechetice in lege Christi, Alcorano suffragante, instructus'' (Tyrnaviae, 1717): 170 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mahometanus_dogmatice_et_catechetice_in/s85jAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Zainebam&pg=PA170&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (Ǧalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī) (1445 circa-1505) *{{ancora|Giahsius}}[[Giahsius]]<ref name=":6" /> (Ǧaḥš ibn Riyāb) (VII saeculum) *[[Gregorius Abulpharagius]] (Grīghōr Abū'l-Faraǧ) (1226-1286) == H == * Habdelmele, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Abdilmelic|Abdilmelic]] * Habubeccar, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Abubacer|Abubacer]] * [[Hafcetu Omaris filia]]<ref name=":7">Michaela di Cesare, ''The Pseudo-historical Image of the Prophet Muhammad in Medieval Latin Literature: A Repertory'' (2011): 129 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Pseudo_historical_Image_of_the_Proph/5Qs1vzdmmWYC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=zaineb+filia+gaissi&pg=PA129&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (Ḥafṣa bint ʿUmar) (605 circa-665) * [[Hafizus]] (Khwāja Šams al-Dīn Muḥammad Hāfiz-i Šīrāzī) (1325 circa-1389 circa) * Haly Abbas, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Ali Abbae|Ali Abbae filius al-Maǧūsī]] *Haly Albohazen, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Albohazenhalius|Albohazenhalius Abenragelis filius]] * Haly Rodoam, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Abenrudianus|Ali Abenrudianus]] * Hamer, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Amer|Amer]] * [[Hamdoulla Kazwinensis]]<ref name=":9">''Bibliotheca critica nova. Edentibus I. Bake, I. Geel, H. A. Hamaker, P. Hofman Peerl Kamp'' (Lugduni Batavorum, 1826): 210 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_critica_nova/NZFYAAAAMAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Raschideddinum&pg=PA210&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (Ḥamdallāh Mustawfī Qazvīnī) (1281-post 1339) * [[Harun Aluathecus]] (Abū Ǧaʿfar Hārūn ibn Muḥammad, qui dicitur al-Wāthiq biʾllāh) (812-847) * Harunus Raschidaeus, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Aaron Rascidus|Aaron Rascidus]] * {{ancora|Hascemus}}[[Hascemus]] (Hāšim ibn ʿAbd Manāf) (464 circa-497) * Haschim, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Hascemus|Hascemus]] *{{ancora|Hesciam}}[[Hesciam]] (Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Malik) (691-743) *{{ancora|Hind Abuimei filia}}[[Hind Abuimei filia]]<ref name=":7" /> (Hind bint ʾAbī ʾUmayya) (580 circa seu 596-680/683) *[[Hisam I (emir Cordubae)|Hisam I]] (Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Rahmān) (757-796) *[[Hisam II (emir Cordubae)|Hisam II]] (Hishām ibn al-Hakam) (965-1013) *[[Hisam III (emir Cordubae)|Hisam III]] (Hishām ibn Muḥammad) (975-1036) *Homar, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Omar|Omar]] *Humgebiba, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Rambla|Rambla]] *[[Husainus filius Alis]] (Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAliyy ibn ʾAbī Ṭālib) (626-680) == I == *[[Iahia Alnasseri filius]]<ref name=":0" /> (Abū Zakarīyā' Al-Mu`taṣim Yaḥyā ibn An-Nāṣir) (...-1236) *[[Iohannitius]] (Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq) (809-873) *[[Iohannes Damascenus]] (Yuḥannā ibn Sarjūn) (676-749) *[[Isaac Iudaeus]] (Isḥāq ibn Sulaymān al-Isrāʾīlī) *Izit Alulit,<ref name=":1" /> vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Y|Yzit III]] == K == * [[Ibn Khaldunus]] (''‘''Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Ḫaldūn al-Ḥaḍramī) (1332-1406) * [[Khondemirus]]<ref name=":9" /> (Ḫvānd Mīr) (1475-1534) * {{ancora|Kosa Chelabi filius}}[[Kosa Chelabi filius]]<ref name=":5" /> (Quṣayy ibn Kilāb) (400 circa-480) * Kudai,<ref name=":4" /> vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Kosa Chelabi filius|Kosa Chelabi filius]] == L == *[[Leo Africanus]] (Al-Hassan al-Wazzān al-Fāsī) (ante 1492 – post 1527) == M == * [[Machometus Bagdetinus|Machometus Bagdedinus]] (Muḥammad al-Baghdādī) (1050-1141) *[[Mahometus]] (Muḥammad) (ca. 570 – 632) *[[Mahometus Bucharius]] (Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Ibrāhīm b. al-Muġīra al-Buḫārī al-Ǧuʿfī) (810-870) *[[Maroan I]] (Marwān ibn Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-'As ibn Umayya ibn Abd Shams) (623-685) *[[Maroan II]] (Marwān ibn Muḥammad ibn Marwān) (688-750) *[[Mazalema]] (Maslama ibn ʿAbd al-Malik) (...-738) *[[Meledinus]] (Al-Kāmil Muḥammad) (1178-1238) *[[Messala]] (Mashā’allah Ibn Athārī al-Basrī) (VIII saeculum) *[[Methilem]] (Abu ’l-Qāsim Maslama ibn Aḥmad al-Faraḍī al-Ḥāsib al-Maj̲rīṭī al-Qurṭubī al-Andalusī) (circa 950-1007) *[[Mesue Maior]] (Yūḥannā ibn Māsawayh) (777-857) *[[Michael Syrus]] (Mīḫāʾīl al-Suryānī) (1126-1199) *[[Mirchondus]] (Mirḫond) (1433-1498) *Mirkhondus,<ref name=":9" /> vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Mirchondus|Mirchondus]] *[[Moabia I]] seu Mohabia (Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān) (602-680) *[[Moabia II]] seu Mohabia (Mu‘āwiyah ibn Yazīd) (664-684) *[[Moses Maimonides]] (Moše ben-Maimōn) (1135-1204) *[[Mostanser]] (al-Mustanṣir) (1192-1242) *[[Motasimus]] (al-Muʿtaṣim) (796-842) *[[Musa Alhadis]] (Abū Muḥammad Mūsā ibn al-Mahdī al-Hādī) (764-786) *[[Muslim Nisaburensis]] (Muslim Nīšāpūrī) (...-875) == N == * [[Negemedinus]] (Naǧm al-Dīn Ayyūb ibn Šāḏī) (...-1173) * [[Nizamius]] (Niẓāmī Ganjavī) (1141 circa-1209) * [[Noradinus (Saladini filius)|Noradinus]] (Nūr al-Dīn al-Malik al-ʾAfḍal) (1170-1225) * {{ancora|Nuraldinus}}[[Nuraldinus (dux)|Nuraldinus]] (Nūr al-Dīn Zangī) (1118-1174) * Nureddinus, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Nuraldinus|Nuraldinus]] == O == *{{ancora|Omar}}[[Omar]] vel Omar I vel Omar Magnus ('Umar ibn al-Ḫaṭṭāb) (ca. 582 - 644) *[[Omar Alfraganus Tiberiadis]] (Abû Hafs 'Umar ibn Farrukhân Tabarî) (...-circa 815) *[[Ommkelthuma Mahometi filia]] (Umm Kulthum bint Muḥammad) (603-630) *{{ancora|Othmanus}}[[Othmanus]] (ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān) (...-656) == P == * Phatima,<ref name=":4" /> vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Fatima|Fatima]] * [[Pseudo-Mesue]] (Yahyā ibn Masawaih al-Mardini) (...-1015) == R == * [[Rakia Mahometi filia]] (Ruqayya bint Muḥammad) (601-624) * [[Rambla]]<ref name=":7" /> (Ramla bint Abī Sufyān ibn Ḥarb) (589 circa/594-665) * [[Raschideddinus]]<ref name=":9" /> (Rašīd al-Dīn Fażl-Allāh al-Hamadānī) (1247-1318) *Rasis, vide; [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Rhazes|Rhazes]] *{{ancora|Rhazes}}[[Rhazes]] (Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyāʾ al-Rāzī) (865-925) *[[Romanus (poeta Persicus)|Romanus]] (Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī) (1207-1273) == S == *Saadi Schirasiensis, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Saadius|Saadius]] *{{ancora|Saadius}}[[Saadius]] (Saʿdī Šīrāzī) (1210-1291) *[[Saladinus]] (Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb) (1137-1193) *[[Samsemeldaulatus]]<ref name=":8" /> (Ṣamṣām al-Dawla) (963 circa-998) *[[Saphadinus]] (al-ʿĀdil Saif al-Dīn) (1143-1218) *[[Scharapheldaulatus]]<ref name=":8" /> (Šaraf al-Dawla) (960 circa-988/989) *[[Ioannes Serapio|Iohannes Serapion]] (Yahya ibn Sarāfyūn) (IX saeculum) *[[Serapion (iunior)|Serapion iunior]] (Ibn Sharabi) (...-...) *[[Shawerus]] (Šāwar ibn Mujīr al-Saʿdī) (...-1169) *{{ancora|Siraconus}}[[Siraconus]] (Asad al-Dīn Šīrkūh ibn Šāḏī) (...-1169) *[[Sorsanus]] (Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani) (...-1070) == T == * [[Taric Abenciet]] (Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād) (670 circa-720 circa) * [[Thalebiensis]] (Abū Isḥāq Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Nīsābūrī al-Thaʿlabī) (...-1035) * {{ancora|Thebit}}[[Thebit]] (Abū l-Ḥasan Thābit ibn Qurra) (826-901) * Thebitius,<ref>''Christophori Clavii Bambergensis Operum Mathematicorum Tomus Tertius'' (Moguntiae, 1611): 34 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/CHRISTOPHORI_CLAVII_BAMBERGENSIS_E_SOCIE/zMW1YvwoDE0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=thebitius&pg=PA34&printsec=frontcover].</ref> vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Thebit|Thebit]] *[[Alhagiag Bin Thalmus]] (Abū Isḥāq Yūsuf ibn Muḥammad ibn Ṭumlūs) (1134-1223) *[[Tusi]] (Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī) (1201-1274) == U == * [[Ulit I]] (al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān) (674-715) * [[Ulit II]] (al-Walīd ibn Yazīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik) (706-744) * Umarus, vide; [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Omar|Omar]] * Umecelme, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Hind Abuimei filia|Hind Abuimei filia]] == V == * {{ancora|Vahebus}}[[Vahebus Abdomenaphi filius]] (Wahb ibn ʿAbd Manāf) (VI saeculum) * [[Vigianus Cuhensis]]<ref name=":8" /> (Abū Sahl Wayjan ibn Rustam al-Kūhī) (940-1000) == W == * Wahebus, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Vahebus|Vahebus Abdomenaphi filius]] == Y == * [[Yakutus Alhamauaeus]]<ref name=":3" /> (Yāqūt al-Hamawī) (1179-1229) * Yscam, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Hesciam|Hesciam]] * [[Yzit I]] (Yazīd I ibn Muʿāwiya) (645-683) * [[Yzit II]] (Yazid II ibn 'Abd al-Malik) (690-724) * {{ancora|Yzit III}}[[Yzit III]] (Yazīd ibn al-Walīd) (701-744) == Z == * [[Zahara Chelabi filius]] (Zuḥrah ibn Kilāb) (...-...) * Zaineb Gaissi filia,<ref name=":7" /> vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Zeineba Giahsii filia|Zeineba Giahsii filia]] * {{ancora|Zamchascerius}}[[Zamchascerius]] (Abū l-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamaḫšarī) * Zamkhaschraeus, vide: [[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi#Zamchascerius|Zamchascerius]] * [[Zaphia Hai filia]] (Ṣafiyya bint Ḥuyayy) (610 circa/614-664/672) * [[Zebeida Giafaris filia]] (Zubayda bint Ǧaʿfar) (766-831) * {{ancora|Zeineba Giahsii filia}}[[Zeineba Giahsii filia]]<ref name=":6" /> (Zaynab bint Ǧaḥš) (590 circa-641) * [[Zodatuh]]<ref name=":7" /> (Sawdah bint Zamʿah) (590 circa-641 circa) * [[Zohair]] (Zuhayr ibn Abī Sulmā) (520/530-607 vel 609 circa) * [[Zoleiman]]<ref name=":2" /> (Sulaymān ibn ʿAbd al-Malik) (674-717) == Notae == <references/> ==Nexus interni== *[[Index formarum Latinarum nominum Arabicorum Persicorumque]] *[[Index nominum Latinorum hominum praeclarorum]] *[[Nomina Latina e lingua Arabica mutuata]] [[Categoria:Indices hominum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Arabicae|+]] [[Categoria:Litterae Persicae|+]] {{Nexus absunt}} lr5t8nh2ausx247x5v0t1hhu2uvzzf2 0 77746 3966804 3966730 2026-06-26T12:18:49Z IacobusAmor 1163 3966804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} '''Opus Fundatum Latinitas''' fuit [[institutum]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae]], anno [[1976]] apud [[Civitas Vaticana|Civitatem Vaticanam]] a [[Paulus VI|Paulo Papa VI]] conditum, studio et continuationi [[Latinitas viva|Latinitatis hodiernae]] dicatum. Divulgavit commentarios, qui inscribuntur ''[[Latinitas (periodicum)|Latinitas]]''; rexit [[Certamen Vaticanum]] litterarum Latinarum; praebuit [[Feriae Latinae|Ferias Latinas]]; edidit ''[[Lexicon recentis Latinitatis]]'', cuius versio parva interretialis reperitur titulo ''[[Parvum verborum novatorum lexicum]]''. Instituto [[Cletus Pavanetto]] praefuit. {{NexInt}} *[[Carolus Egger]] *[[Pontificia Academia Latinitatis]] ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/speeches/1976/documents/hf_p-vi_spe_19760630_fondazione-latinitas_lt.html Pauli VI summi pontificis chirographum ''Romani sermonis'', quo Opus Fundatum "Latinitas" conditum est] **[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/latinitas/documents/index_lt.htm Opus Fundatum Latinitas] **[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/latinitas/documents/rc_latinitas_20040602_commentarii-latinitas_lt.html Commentarii ''Latinitas''] **[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/latinitas/documents/rc_latinitas_20040601_lexicon_it.html ''Parvum verborum novatorum lexicum''] [[Categoria:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[Categoria:Civitas Vaticana]] [[Categoria:Academiae]] [[Categoria:Institutiones Latinae]] [[categoria:Opera fundata|Latinitas]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1976]] hzsy4ipe94p0na282jtbjxwyl82b4xi 0 80237 3966989 3928148 2026-06-27T09:00:20Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Oriental poppies gone wild - geograph.org.uk - 1397319.jpg|thumb|''[[Papaver somniferum]]'' [[opium]] producit, [[medicamen]] cuius [[homo|homines]] facillime dependentes fieri possunt.]] '''Dependentia''', plenius '''syndroma dependentiae'''<ref>"Syndroma dependentiae" (F10/F19.2) apud ''ICD-10'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20180417031356/http://www.batut.org.rs/download/MKB102010Knjiga1.pdf vide p. 309]</ref><ref>"drogomania": Mir (1970, 1986), in {{Morgan}}; "narcomania": Zlotnicki, Lex. Medicum (1971), in {{Morgan}}; "toxicomania": Latinitas, in {{Morgan}}.</ref> in [[psychiatria]] et [[medicina]] est status [[corpus|physicus]] aut [[psychologia|psychicus]] circa rem aut activitatem quandam implicatus, qui in homine producit [[mania (mens)|maniam]] eum impellentem ad satiendam cupidinem eius rei vel activitatis, saepe per [[mores]] irrationales et destructivas. Dependentia tam saepe manifestatur in dependentia physica seu [[toxicologia|toxicologica]] sicut [[narcomania]], [[alcoholismus]], [[tabacum]] et [[alea (modus ludendi)|alea]], quam in dependentia psychica sicut [[bulimia nervosa]], [[diaetomania]], [[pyromania]], [[nymphomania]], [[pornomania]], [[ludomania]], [[computatromania]] etc. Saepe autem et dependentiae psychicae habent aspectum physicum, quia activitates manicae et voluptabiles efficiunt, ut substantiae [[chemia|chemicae]] in [[cerebrum|cerebro]] producantur, ex quibus resultat{{dubsig}} dependentia physica. == Definitiones (ICD-10) == In ''mala substantiis pyschotropicis'' (capitulum F1 [[ICD-10]]) describendis [[ordo mundi sanitarius]] (OMS) inter alia inter ''intoxicationem/ebrietatem acutam'' et ''usum noxium''' et ''syndroma dependentiae'' distinguit. === Intoxicatio acuta / ebrietas acuta (subcap. F1x.0) === ''Acuta'' intoxicatio sive ebrietas statum ''brevem'' constituit, et de consuetudine relatio inter qualitatem et quantitatem substantiarum consumptarum psychotropicarum exstat et [[signum (medicina)|signa]] intoxicationis exstat. === Usus noxius (subcap. F1x.1) === Exemplum consumptionis, hoc sit regulariter vel constanter vel non constanter, iam ''damnum [[salus|salutis]]'' perfecit ita, ''ne'' criteria ''syndromatis dependentiae'' expleantur. === Syndroma dependentiae (subcap. F1x.2) === OMS sex [[criterion|criteria]]<ref>De verbo Graeco ''κριτήριον''; vel ''norma'' (Traupman).</ref> syndromatis dependentiae profert ([[ICD-10]]), a quibus minimum<!--?--> tria intra annum antecedentem demonstrari oportent: # Cupiditas magna sive quoddam genus necessitatis substantiarum psychotropicarum consumendi. # Vires gubernationis minutae ad consumptionis et initium et finiendum et magnitudo referentes # Syndroma abstrahendi corporalis cum consumptionis finiendo sive reductione # Tolerantiae demonstratio. Cuiusdem effectus consumptio augitur. # Neglectio progressiva aliarum voluptarum rationumque # Substantiae consumptio pendens quamquam sunt effectus damnosi praesentes, per exemplum morbi iecoris, cogitationis minutae. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == {{Wiktionary|addiction|dependentiam}} * Lemonick, M. D. [[2007]]. How We Get Addicted. ''Time'' 170(38), 16 Iulii.<!-- |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1640436,00.html|archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20100902001053/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1640436,00.html| archivedate= [[2 Septembris]] [[2010]][http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,20070716,00.html Cover 16 Iulii 2007].--> * {{Cite document |date=[[2008]] |author=Martin, P. |title=Sex, Drugs & Chocolate: The Science of Pleasure |place=Londinii |publisher=Fourth Estate |isbn=9780007127085}}. * {{Cite journal |date=[[5 Maii]] [[1997]] |author=Nash-Alice, M. J. |title=Addicted: Why do people get hooked? |journal=Time |issue=18 |pages=52–58 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986282,00.html}} * {{Cite book |year=[[2004]] |author= Weill, Andrew W. |title=From Chocolate to Morphine: Everything you need to know about mind-altering drugs |place=Bostoniae et Novi Eboraci |publisher=Houghton Mifflin|isbn=0618483799 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=p6zyPxi4PYoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22chocolate+to+morphine%22&q}}. * {{Cite document |date=[[2011]] |publisher=Addiction Search |title=Addiction, Rehabilitation and Recovery Article Topics |url=http://www.addictionsearch.com/addiction-topics/browse/ }} * {{Cite document |date=[[2012]] |publisher=Myaddiction |title=Online Addiction and Recovery Resource |url=http://myaddiction.com/}}. {{NexInt}} * [[Incitamentum]] * [[Medicamentum]] * [[Nucleus accumbens]] [[Categoria:Medicamenta]] [[Categoria:Medicina]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Biologia}} 64d8pdj18stywnn0f0ty4um9wnf78tg 0 80959 3966994 2632756 2026-06-27T10:08:15Z LilyKitty 18316 de eponymo 3966994 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Wilhelm Beer.jpg|thumb|Gulielmus Beer]] '''Gulielmus Beer''' ([[Berolinum|Berolini]] natus [[14 Ianuarii]] [[1797]]; ibidem mortuus die [[27 Martii]] [[1850]]), [[compositor]]is [[Iacobus Meyerbeer|Iacobi Meyerbeer]] frater, fuit [[argentarius]] et [[astronomus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]. Asteroides [[1896 Beer]] in eius honorem nominatus fuit. == Nexus externus == {{PND |119474735}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1797|1850|Beer, Gulielmus}} [[Categoria:Argentarii Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Astronomi Germaniae]] 41z0b13sr2poihfag71vs7gd0woiy4s 0 90991 3966802 3741759 2026-06-26T12:13:55Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Claudius Burlando''' ([[Genua]]e natus die [[27 Aprilis]] [[1954]]) est rerum politicarum peritus [[Italia|Italicus]] factionis [[Factio Democratica (Italia)|Democraticae]]. Fuit ab anno [[2005]] usque ad [[11 Iunii]] [[2015]] regionis [[Liguria]]e praeses. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100323161432/http://www.claudioburlando.it/ De Claudio Burlando] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160116142738/http://legxiv.camera.it/organiparlamentari/assemblea/contenitore_dati.asp?tipopagina=&deputato=d50154&source=%2Fdeputatism%2F240%2Fdocumentoxml.asp&position=Deputati%5CLa%20Scheda%20Personale&Pagina=Deputati%2FComposizione%2F01.camera%2Fnuovacomposizione%2Fdatpersonali2.asp%3Fdeputato%3Dd50154&nominativo=BURLANDO%20Claudio De Claudio Burlando] {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1954||Burlando, Claudius}} [[Categoria:Politici Italiae]] cyw4ba3v4igh9h8r19avp3lq5k926jl 0 99849 3966993 3315164 2026-06-27T10:06:30Z LilyKitty 18316 de origine nominis 3966993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} <!-- Cave ne astronomicas huius textus mensuras emendes; e formula {{fn|Data Asteroidum 1000}} automatice inseruntur. --> {{Capsa asteroidis |Numerus = 1896 |Genus = Asteroides Cinguli Principalis |Epocha = {{#time:j xg Y| {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|epocha}} }} |Axis = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|axis semimaior}} |Perihelion = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|perihelion}} |Aphelion = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|aphelion}} |Periodus = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|periodus}} |Anomalia = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|anomalia media}} |Inclinatio = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|inclinatio}} |Nodus = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|omega}} |Argumentum = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|argumentum}} |Eccentricitas = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|eccentricitas}} |Diametrum = |Massa = |Densitas = |Rotatio h = |Rotatio m = |Tholen = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|spectrum tholen}} |SMASS = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|spectrum smass}} |Magnitudo = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|magnitudo}} |Albedo = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|albedo}} |Repertor = Luboš Kohoutek |Repertorbrevis = L. Kohoutek |Repertor2 = |Repertorbrevis2 = |Repertor3 = |Repertorbrevis3 = |Repertor4 = |Repertorbrevis4 = ; |Dies = {{#time:j xg| {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|repertum}} }} |Annus = {{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|repertum}} }} |Designationes = 1971 UC1, 1938 QQ, 1949 TB }} '''1896 {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|nomen}}''',<ref>[[Nomina asteroidum]] iussu [[Unio Astronomica Internationalis|Unionis Astronomicae Internationalis]] imposita sunt.</ref> olim designationibus '''1971 UC1''', '''1938 QQ''', et '''1949 TB''' agnitus, est [[asteroides]] [[Systema Solare|systematis solaris]] nostri, [[Asteroides Cinguli Principalis|asteroidibus Cinguli Principalis]] attributus. [[Astronomia|Astronomis]] terrestribus [[magnitudo absoluta|magnitudinem absolutam]] {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|magnitudo}} monstrat. Die [[{{#time:j xg| {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|repertum}} }}]] [[{{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|repertum}} }}]] a [[Luboš Kohoutek]] in [[Observatorium Hamburgi|Observatorio Hamburgi]] versato repertus est.<ref>{{Harvard MPC Discovery Circumstances}}</ref> In honorem argentarii et astronomi [[Gulielmus Beer|Gulielmi Beer]] nominatus fuit.<!-- Hic de origine nominis scribendum est. --> Rerum orbitalium ratio [[epocha (astronomia)|epochae]] {{#time:j xg Y| {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|epocha}} }} constitit. Qua epocha 1896 {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|nomen}} per dies {{#expr: (365.25 * {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|periodus}}) round 0}} circa solem movebatur. Axem orbitalem habebat [[Unitas astronomica|unitatum astronomicarum]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|axis semimaior}} round 2}} et eccentricitatem {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|eccentricitas}} round 2}}, distans igitur a sole [[perihelion|quam minime]] unitatibus {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|perihelion}} round 2}}, [[aphelion|quam maxime]] unitatibus {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|aphelion}} round 2}}. [[Inclinatio orbitalis]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|inclinatio}} round 2}}[[gradus (mensura)|°]] reperiebatur, [[anomalia media]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|anomalia media}} round 2}}°. <!-- Discovered 1971-Oct-26 by Kohoutek, L. at Bergedorf <b>Reference:</b> DISCOVERY.DB <b>Last Updated:</b> 2003-08-29 --> == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{NASA JPL|Data=[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1896]}} {{systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Asteroides anno {{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1896|repertum}} }} reperti]] [[Categoria:Asteroides Cinguli Principalis]] pa2d9e8ujevay80813o3838zmzs8g09 0 104177 3966956 3934934 2026-06-27T03:24:47Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Videdis|Daphne}} [[Fasciculus:Giovanni Battista Tiepolo - Apollo and Daphne.jpg|thumb|''[[Apollo et Daphne|Apollo Daphnen venatur]].'' Tabula a [[Ioannes Baptista Tiepolo|Tiepolo]] picta, [[1744]].]] '''''Dafne''''' (titulus [[Italiane|Italianus]]; scil. 'Daphne') est primum [[musica|artificium musicum]] quod ex hodiernis normis [[aesthetica|aestheticis]] ad genus musicale vulgo in linguis modernis ''[[melodrama (musica)|opera]]'' appellatum referri possit.<ref name="js">[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1612-0124(191310%2F12)15%3A1%3C102%3A%22TFOAC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1 "'Dafne,' the First Opera: A Chronological Study.'']</ref><ref name="bc">[http://www.abc.net.au/tv/quest/txt/s1487531.htm ABC.net.au How the Quest Was Won.]</ref><ref name="ny">[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=travel&res=9801E4D61731F930A35756C0A96E958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fSubjects%2fO%2fOpera "Opera's 400th Birthday Is Celebrated in Vienna."] NYTimes.com.</ref> [[Iacobus Peri]] [[musica]]m circa annum [[1597]] composuit, apud [[libellus|libellum]] ab [[Octavius Rinuccini|Octavio Rinuccini]] scripto. ==Historia== ''Dafne'' multo minore [[orchestra]] utitur quam melodramata [[Claudius Monteverdi|Claudii Monteverdi]] annorum posteriorum, videlicet [[clavicymbalum|clavicymbalo]], [[testudo (instrumentum musicum)|testudine]],<!--better to use "luta" here? (see "archiluta" coming up)--> [[viola]] ([[Anglice]]: ''viol''), [[archiluta]], et triplice [[tibia (instrumentum musicum)|tibia]].<ref name="na">{{CathEnc|10657a}}</ref> Peri, novam illius temporis propensionem adhibens, [[cantus recitatorius|cantum recitatorium]], orationem [[melodia|melodicam]] in musica posita, ut principalem [[drama (fictio)|dramatis]] [[sonus|sonum]] instituit.<ref name="at">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120701051807/http://at.or.at/hans/misc/itp/newmediahistory/dafne.xhtml Iacobus Peri: Pagina ''Dafne'']</ref> [[Fabula]]m in qua [[Apollo]] [[deus]] [[Daphne (mythologia)|Daphnen]] [[nympha]]m adamat Peri pro litterato [[humanistae Renascentiae|humanistarum Renascentiae]] circulo [[Camerata Florentina]] appellato [[Florentia]]e inter [[1594]] et [[1597]] composuit, [[compositor]]e patronoque [[Iacobus Corsi|Iacobo Corsi]] adiuvante et fortasse conlaborante.<ref name="at" /><ref>William V. Porter, [http://www.jstor.org/pss/830682 "Peri and Corsi's 'Dafne': Some New Discoveries and Observations,"] ''Journal of the American Musicological Society,'' 18, 2 (Summer, 1965), 170–196.</ref> Veri simile est eam perfectam esse apud Palatium Corsi anno 1597 vel [[1598]].<ref name="nn">[http://www.nndb.com/people/694/000097403/ Pagina Iacobi Peri apud NNDB.]</ref> Hoc artificium, conatus ad revocandum [[theatrum Graeciae antiquae|drama Graecum]] ad vitam<ref name="na">{{CathEnc|10657a}}</ref> secundum eruditorum illius aetatis iudicia et sensus, ab artificiis quae [[Graecia antiqua|Graeci antiqui]] agnoscerent multo discrepabat<ref name="at"/>; omne autem [[ars|artis]] [[genus (ars)|genus]] novum genuit, quod proximos quadringenti annos perduraret. Plurimum huius artificii musicae deperditum est, contra suam in [[Europa]] tempore divulgationis gloriam, sed libellus, in 455 [[versus|versibus]] editus, iam exstat (et anno [[1608]] iterum in musica positus est, a [[Marcus da Gagliano|Marco da Gagliano]]). [[Domus Medices]], [[Florentia]]e familia regnans, tam voluptatem ex ''Dafne'' capiebat ut Peri proximum artificium dramaticum, ''[[Euridice (Peri)|Euridice]],'' inter nuptiales [[Maria Medices|Mariae Medicis]] et [[Henricus IV (rex Franciae)|Henrici IV Regis Franciae]] festivitates anno [[1600]] perfici sivit.<ref name="au">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070728091913/http://www.news.com.au/travel/story/0,23483,20827633-5010927,00.html News.com.au]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110714141031/http://www.musicwithease.com/opera-before-gluck.html "Opera Before Gluck"] apud MusicWithEase.com.</ref> {{NexInt}} *''[[Dafne (Gagliano)|Dafne]]'' (Gagliano) *''[[Dafne (Sagittarius)|Dafne]]'' (Sagittarius) ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus externus== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061001161535/http://www.pwcenter.org/files/works/StarryMessenger-FLEMING.pdf ''The Starry Messenger'' a Iustino Fleming,] ludus scaenicus qui ad primam ''Dafne'' productionem spectat [[Categoria:Apollo]] [[Categoria:Festivitates aularum Europaearum]] [[Categoria:Iacobus Peri]] [[Categoria:Litterae Italianae]] [[Categoria:Musica 1597]] [[Categoria:Opera deperdita]] [[Categoria:Operae]] [[Categoria:Operae in mythologia Graeco-Romana conditae]] [[Categoria:Operae pastorales]]<!-- + Italian-language operas--> mtkkpc33dvii3v5kgesazbups0j568w 0 107058 3966906 3714440 2026-06-26T20:06:43Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966906 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Kairo Hanging Church BW 1.jpg|thumb|upright|Coptica "[[Ecclesia suspensa]]" [[Cairus|Cairi]]]] Notio '''Copti'''<ref>Fons nominis Latini: [http://books.google.at/books?id=nRgQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=pars+coptorum+aegypti&source=bl&ots=bHvg9oPePx&sig=uVUoejEYkfXviK5FvanfAgSi7TE&hl=de&ei=kSWrTPm8F4THswbbu4jIBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Taki-eddini Makrizii: historia Coptorum Christianorum in Aegypto Arabice] (Versio Latina 1828)</ref> (e [[Lingua Graeca]]: αιγύπτιοι, „Aegyptii“) initio sine ullo religionis discrimine illos incolas [[Alexandria]]e et totius [[Aegyptus|Aegypti]] significavit, qui [[Lingua Aegyptiaca]] loquebantur. Ipsorum lingua ''ουΡεμενκημι ενΕχριστιανός (ou.Remenkīmi en.Ekhristianos'', ad litteram: Christiani Aegyptiaci) appellantur. [[Lingua Coptica]] e [[Lingua Aegyptiaca]] [[Saeculum 3|tertio saeculo]] nata est. Ex quo [[Lingua Arabica]] una cum [[Religio Islamica|religione Islamica]] in Aegypto praevalere coepit, notio tantum ad [[Religio Christiana|Christianos]] gente Aegyptiaca natos denotandos adhibetur. Maxima pars Coptorum in vita cottidiana Arabice loquitur, cum sit certa inter Coptos iuvenes renovatio linguae Copticae. [[Saeculum 20|Saeculo vicesimo]] multi Copti variis e causis patriam reliquerunt, ut gens Coptica hodie multis in terris invenitur. == Historia == {{Vide etiam|Ecclesia Orthodoxa Coptorum}} == Copti in Aegypto hodierna == Numerus Coptorum sive pars eorum inter incolas [[Aegyptus|Aegypti]] disputatur. Plerumque Copti 5–8 milliones esse aestimantur (6-10 % incolarum Aegypti)<ref>Harenberg Aktuell, p. 532: 94% Musulmani et 6% Christiani / Spiegel-dtv-Jahrbuch 2004, p. 54: 90% Musulmani et 9% Copti / [http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/01-Laender/Aegypten.html Notitiae ministerii a rebus exteris Germaniae]: 90% Musulmani et 6% Copti</ref>. Maior pars [[Ecclesia Coptica|Ecclesiis Coptorum]] adhaeret (plurimi [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa Coptorum|ecclesiae orientali-orthodoxae]], pauciores [[Ecclesia Catholica Coptorum|ecclesiae catholicae]]), reliqui sunt Christiani [[Ecclesiae Orthodoxae|graeco-orthodoxi]], [[Ecclesiae Catholicae Orientales|graeco-catholici]] et [[Protestantes]]. Tantum "Fischer Weltalmanach 2008"<ref>Fischer WA 1998, p. 58</ref> 12–15% incolarum Aegyptii Coptos esse aestimat. Copti se varie detrimentum accipere queruntur. Praecipue in Aegypto superiore saepe vi incendiisque vexantur: Anno [[2000]]/[[2001]] caedibus in ''El Kosheh'' factis 21 Copti et unus [[Musulmanus]] interfecti sunt<ref>Cf. [[:en:Kosheh Martyrs|Kosheh Martyrs]]</ref>, anno [[2002]] ob ecclesiae Copticae [[consecratio]]nem seditiones exortae sunt<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20041118021631/http://religion.orf.at/projekt02/news/0202/ne020211_aegypten_unruhen_fr.htm ORF-News] (Theodisce)</ref>, anno [[2006]], cum incursio in ecclesiam facta sit, [[Alexandria]]e unus Coptus interfectus, 17 autem sauciati sunt<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/0,1518,411657,00.html Spiegel-online (Theodisce)</ref>. Conversiones Coptorum ad [[Religio Islamica|religionem Islamicam]] (variis causis) saepius accidunt quam viceversa, num conversio ad [[Religio Christiana|Christianesimum]] manifeste prohibeatur vel etiam conversiones ad [[Religio Islamica|Islam]] cogantur, acriter disputatur<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4b6fe1cc0.pdf UNHCR-Australia] (pdf, responsio 26 Martii 2007)</ref>. Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2011]] unus et viginti homines interfecti sunt, cum [[Alexandria]]e ante templum Copticum autoraeda pyrobolis conferta dirupta est.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110106000718/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/function/0,,12356_cid_14746426,00.html</ref> Praeses Aegypti [[Hosni Mubarak]] insidias damnavit. Adel Labib, gubernator Alexandrinus, aggressionem globo tomocratico [[Alcaeda]]e imputavit.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110204143046/http://www.ftd.de/politik/international/:koptische-minderheit-mehr-als-20-tote-bei-anschlag-auf-aegyptische-christen/50210428.html</ref> == Copti noti == * [[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]] * [[Omar Sharif]] * [[Sinuthius III Papa]] == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Copts|Coptos}} * [http://www.egyptologyonline.com/coptic_egypt.htm Aegyptus Coptiaca] * [http://www.nzz.ch/nachrichten/international/zum_christentum_konvertierte_aegypter__eine_rare_spezies_1.549852.html NZZ online: De conversione in Aegypto hodierna] (Theodisce) == Nota == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> [[Categoria:Copti| ]] [[Categoria:Aegyptus]] [[Categoria:Oriens Christianus]] 097hlb030cvsjgffr8qssl3u0q2gkcn 0 107560 3966867 3861443 2026-06-26T16:28:28Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 7 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966867 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Estonia]] in [[comitatus]] ([[Estonice]]; ''maakonnad,'' [[Singularis|sing.]] ''maakond'') quindecim divisa est. Comitatus singuli a singulis [[gubernator]]ibus gubernantur, qui a [[gubernatio|gubernatione nationali]] designatur, cuius potestas localiter repraesentat. Eorum mandatum quinque annos velut praesides durat et funguntur basico munere, conexione inter regiones et comitatuum [[municipia Estoniae|municipia]] cum gubernatione nationali. [[Fasciculus:Comitatus Estonici.PNG|thumb|center|600px|[[Comitatus]] [[Estonia]]e cum suis [[caput (urbs)|capitibus]].]] Praecipuus comitatus in hac [[Regio Baltica|republica Baltica]] [[Harria|comitatus Harria]] seu [[Hargia]] est, ubi invenitur [[caput (urbs)|caput]] Estonicum, [[Castrum Danorum]] seu [[Revalia]] et ubi incolunt 38,8% incolarum in Estonia. Alii praecipui comitatus [[Pernavia (comitatus)|Pernavia]] seu Perona seu Pirnavia, [[Vironia Orientalis]] seu Viria Orientalis seu Wiria Orientalis eu Virlandia Orientalis et [[Tarbatum (comitatus)|Tarbatum]] seu Dorpatum sunt. In tabula inferiori ostenduntur Estonici comitatus quindecim cum suis capitibus. Praeter nomen [[lingua Latina|Latinum]] et [[lingua Estonica|Estonicum]], etiam additur nomen [[lingua Voruvica|Voruvicum]], quia lingua Voruvica est lingua regionalis et agnita in Estonia, et nomen [[lingua Russica|Russicum]], quia lingua Russica, quamquam nec officialis nec agnita lingua in Estonia, est maxima lingua minoritaria. {| class="wikitable sortable" |--- ! [[Insigne]] ! [[Comitatus]] (nomen Latinizatum aut [[Latine]]) ! [[Estonice]] ! [[Voruvice]] ! [[Russice]] ! [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] [[Latine]] |--- | [[Fasciculus:Hiiumaa_vapp.svg|25px]] || [[Daghoa]]<ref>[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0004a.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann]</ref> seu Dageden<ref>[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0191a.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann]</ref> || ''Hiiu maakond'' seu ''Hiiumaa'' || ''Hiio maakund'' || Хийумаа || [[Kertla]]<ref>[http://www.virtsu.ee/bka/kt/6/kohanim.html Kärdla ümbruse kohanimedest]</ref> seu Kertel<ref>[http://www.virtsu.ee/bka/kt/6/kohanim.html Kärdla ümbruse kohanimedest]</ref> |--- | [[Fasciculus:Viljandimaa_vapp.svg|25px]] || [[Fellinum (comitatus)|Fellinum]]<ref>[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0191a.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann]</ref> seu Vellinum<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251006070823/https://mmh.cz/lingua/lamj_la Lexicum nominum geographicorum latinorum]</ref> || ''Viljandi maakond'' seu ''Viljandimaa'' || ''Viländi maakund'' || Вильяндимаа || [[Fellinum]]<ref>[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0191a.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann]</ref> seu Vellinum<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251006070823/https://mmh.cz/lingua/lamj_la Lexicum nominum geographicorum latinorum]</ref> |--- | [[Fasciculus:Et-Harju maakond-coa.svg|25px]] || [[Harria]]<ref>Vide [[:en:Harju County|paginam Anglicam]]</ref> sive [[Hargia]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251006070823/https://mmh.cz/lingua/lamj_la ''Lexicum nominum geographicorum latinorum'']</ref> sive Haria<ref>[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0191a.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann]</ref> || ''Harju maakond'' sive ''Harjumaa'' || ''Harjo maakund'' || Харьюмаа || [[Castrum Danorum]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140902062356/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2F[[Tallinna]]</ref> seu Revalia<ref name="cz">https://web.archive.org/web/20251006070823/https://mmh.cz/lingua/lamj_la</ref> seu Lindanissa<ref name="cz"/> |--- | [[Fasciculus:Jogevamaa_coatofarms.png|25px]] || [[Iagiwa (comitatus)|Iagiwa]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B5geva#History Vicipaedia Anglica]</ref> || ''Jõgeva maakond'' seu ''Jõgevamaa'' || ''Jõgõva maakund'' || Йыгевамаа || [[Iagiwa]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B5geva#History Vicipaedia Anglica]</ref> |--- | [[Fasciculus:Et-Järva maakond-coa.svg|25px]] || [[Iervia]]<ref>[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0191a.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann]</ref><ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4rva_County Vicipaedia Anglica]</ref> || ''Järva maakond'' seu ''Järvamaa'' || ''Järvä maakund'' || Ярвамаа || [[Paide]] |--- | [[Fasciculus:Saaremaa_coatofarms.png|25px]] || [[Osilia]]<ref>[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0943b.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann]</ref> seu Latris<ref>[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0943b.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann]</ref> seu Oesel<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saare_County Vicipaedia Anglica]</ref> || ''Saare maakond'' seu ''Saaremaa'' || ''Saarõ maakund'' || Са́аремаа || [[Aresburgum]]<ref>[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof3/s0491a.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann]</ref> seu Kuressaare |--- | [[Fasciculus:Et-Pärnu maakond-coa.svg|25px]] || [[Pernavia (comitatus)|Pernavia]]<ref>[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0946b.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann]</ref> sive Perona<ref>[http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu#Ajalugu Vicipaedia Estonica]</ref> sive Pirnavia<ref>[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0836b.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann]</ref> || ''Pärnu maakond'' seu ''Pärnumaa'' || ''Pärno maakund'' || Пярнумаа || [[Pernavia]]<ref>[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0946b.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann]</ref> sive Perona<ref>[http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu#Ajalugu Vicipaedia Estonica]</ref> sive Pirnavia<ref>[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0836b.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann]</ref> |--- | [[Fasciculus:Põlvamaa_vapp.svg|25px]] || [[Polua (comitatus)|Polua]]<ref>[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Ducatuum_Livoniae_et_Curlandiae_Nova_Tabula,_1705.jpg Ducatuum Livoniae et Curlandiae Nova Tabula]</ref> || ''Põlva maakond'' seu ''Põlvamaa'' || ''Põlva maakund'' || Пылвамаа || [[Polua]]<ref>[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Ducatuum_Livoniae_et_Curlandiae_Nova_Tabula,_1705.jpg Ducatuum Livoniae et Curlandiae Nova Tabula]</ref> |--- | [[Fasciculus:Raplamaa_vapp.svg|25px]] || [[Rapala (comitatus)|Rapala]]<ref>[http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taani_hindamisraamat#Rapla_vald Vicipaedia Estonica]</ref>|| ''Rapla maakond'' seu ''Raplamaa'' || ''Rapla maakund'' || Рапламаа || [[Rapala]]<ref>[http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taani_hindamisraamat#Rapla_vald Vicipaedia Estonica]</ref> |--- | [[Fasciculus:Läänemaa vapp.svg|25px]] || [[Rotalia]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne_County Vicipaedia Anglica]</ref> seu Maritima<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne_County#History Vicipaedia Anglica]</ref> || ''Lääne maakond'' seu ''Läänemaa '' || ''Lääne maakund'' || Ляэнемаа || [[Hapsalia]]<ref name="googleit">[http://books.google.it/books?id=EdhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA257&lpg=PA257&dq=vesenberga&source=bl&ots=bfKAyA9pKR&sig=uCSv-wNGUxj1Id8HlUHf4CJgYic&hl=it&ei=tmy4TN3hIYObOtjXyeIM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEkQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=vesenberga&f=false Regnorum Sueciae, Gothiae... nova descriptio]</ref> sive Habsalia<ref name="googleit" /> seu Hapselia<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251006070823/https://mmh.cz/lingua/lamj_la Lexicum nominum geographicorum latinorum]</ref> |--- | [[Fasciculus:Tartumaa_vapp.svg|25px]] || [[Tarbatum (comitatus)|Tarbatum]]<ref>Vide [[:en:Bishopric of Dorpat|paginam Anglicam de Ecclesia Tarbatensi]]</ref> seu Dorpatum<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=EdhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA257&lpg=PA257&dq=vesenberga&source=bl&ots=bfKAyA9pKR&sig=uCSv-wNGUxj1Id8HlUHf4CJgYic&hl=it&ei=tmy4TN3hIYObOtjXyeIM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEkQ6AEwCQ#v=snippet&q=Dorpa&f=false Regnorum Sueciae, Gothiae ... descriptio nova]</ref> || ''Tartu maakond'' seu ''Tartumaa'' || ''Tarto maakund'' || Тартумаа || [[Tarbatum]]<ref>Vide [[:en:Bishopric of Dorpat|paginam Anglicam de Ecclesia Tarbatensi]]</ref> seu Dorpatum<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=EdhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA257&lpg=PA257&dq=vesenberga&source=bl&ots=bfKAyA9pKR&sig=uCSv-wNGUxj1Id8HlUHf4CJgYic&hl=it&ei=tmy4TN3hIYObOtjXyeIM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEkQ6AEwCQ#v=snippet&q=Dorpa&f=false Regnorum Sueciae, Gothiae ... descriptio nova]</ref> |--- | [[Fasciculus:Valgamaa_vapp.svg|25px]] || [[Valga (comitatus)|Valga]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valga,_Estonia#History Vicipaedia Anglica]</ref> || ''Valga maakond'' seu ''Valgamaa'' || ''Valga maakund'' || Валгамаа || [[Valga]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valga,_Estonia#History Vicipaedia Anglica]</ref> |--- | [[Fasciculus:Lääne-Virumaa_vapp.svg|25px]] || [[Vironia occidentalis]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251006070823/https://mmh.cz/lingua/lamj_la ''Lexicum nominum geographicorum latinorum'']</ref> sive Viria<ref name="Viria">[http://books.google.it/books?id=EdhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA257&lpg=PA257&dq=vesenberga&source=bl&ots=bfKAyA9pKR&sig=uCSv-wNGUxj1Id8HlUHf4CJgYic&hl=it&ei=tmy4TN3hIYObOtjXyeIM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEkQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=vesenberga&f=false ''Regnorum Sueciae, Gothiae... nova descriptio]</ref> seu Wiria<ref name="Viria" /> vel Virlandia occidentalis<ref name="Viria" /> || ''Lääne-Viru maakond'' seu ''Lääne-Virumaa'' || ''Õdagu-Viro maakund'' || Ляэне-Вирумаа || [[Tarvanpea]]<ref>[http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakvere_ajalugu#Keskaeg Vicipaedia Estonica]</ref> seu Wesenberga<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=EdhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA257&lpg=PA257&dq=vesenberga&source=bl&ots=bfKAyA9pKR&sig=uCSv-wNGUxj1Id8HlUHf4CJgYic&hl=it&ei=tmy4TN3hIYObOtjXyeIM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEkQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=vesenberga&f=false Regnorum Sueciae, Gothiae ... descriptio nova]</ref> |--- | [[Fasciculus:Ida-Virumaa_vapp.svg|25px]] || [[Vironia orientalis]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251006070823/https://mmh.cz/lingua/lamj_la ''Lexicum nominum geographicorum latinorum'']</ref> sive Viria<ref name="Viria"/> seu Wiria<ref name="Viria" /> vel Virlandia orientalis<ref name="Viria" /> || ''Ida-Viru'' seu ''Ida-Virumaa'' || ''Hummogu-Viro maakund'' || И́да-Ви́румаа || [[Gewi]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B5hvi Vicipaedia Anglica]</ref> |--- | [[Fasciculus:Võrumaa vapp.svg|25px]] || [[Voru (comitatus)|Voru]] || ''Võrumaa'' seu ''Võru maakond'' || ''Võro maakund'' || Вырумаа || [[Voru]] |} == Notae == <references /> {{Comitatus Estoniae}} [[Categoria:Comitatus Estoniae|!]] [[Categoria:Indices regionum et provinciarum|Estonia]] 8q29zilvi1gdo1pt3fuusvrjf42hope 0 107876 3966841 3965336 2026-06-26T15:26:18Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3966841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Macrobius and Eustachius.jpg|thumb|Macrobius opus suum Eustachio filio dat. Liber manu scriptus ''[[Somnium Scipionis|Somnii Scipionis]]'' cum commentario Macrobii anno circiter 1100 factus ([[Bibliotheca Britannica]])]] {{Videhom|Saturnalia}} '''''Saturnalia''''' est opus [[Latine]] [[saeculum 5|saeculo V]] medio ab [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosio Theodosio Macrobio]] scriptum. Forma habet seriei conviviorum ubi de [[Romani antiqui|antiquitatibus Romanis]] disseritur et praecipue de religione, de litteris, de poëta [[Vergilius|Vergilio]]. ''Saturnalia'' Macrobii, filio Eustathio dicata, in libros septem divisa sunt. Decius et Postumianus in dialogo exteriore rem introducunt de conviviis apud [[Vettius Agorius Praetextatus|Vettium Praetextatum]] habitis; quae convivia ad Postumianum ab Avieno et Eusebio olim narrata erant. Personae dialogorum interiorum, i.e. convivae cenarum singularum, sunt Vettius Praetextatus hospes, [[Avienus]], [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Aurelius Symmachus]], Caecina Albinus, [[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servius grammaticus]], Disarius medicus, Furius Albinus, Eustathius, [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Flavianus]], Euangelus, Horus. Fontes litterarii permulti in dialogis citantur, inter quas Vergilius, [[Varro Reatinus|Varro]], [[Ennius]], [[Cato maior|Cato]]. == Index librorum et capitulorum == * Praefatio * Liber I: 1-2. de [[Saturnalia|Saturnalibus]] apud Vettium Praetextatum celebratis; 3. de [[dies|die]] qua hora incepto; 4. de Saturnaliorum futurorum nuntiatu; 5. de verbis inusitatis; 6. de origine [[praetexta]]e; 7. de antiquitate Saturnaliorum; 8. de templo et mytho [[Saturnus (deus)|Saturni]]; 9. de mytho et nominibus [[Ianus|Iani]]; 10. de diebus Saturnaliorum; 11. de [[servus|servorum]] conditione; 12. de [[mensis|mensibus]] a [[Romulus|Romulo]] statutis; 13. de divisione anni et de intercalatione; 14. de calendario a [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesare]] et [[Augustus (imperator)|Augusto]] correcto; 15. de [[Kalendae|Kalendis]], [[Idus|Idibus]] et [[Nonae|Nonis]]; 16. de diebus mensium apud Romanos; 17. de origine deorum omnium, et imprimis [[Apollo|Apollinis]], e [[Sol]]e; 18-23. Dei alii Romani, Graeci et Mesopotameni eidem sunt ac Sol; 24. de eruditione [[Vergilius|Vergilii]] et de ordine librorum insequentium * Liber II: 1-7. de [[facetia|facetiis]] antiquorum, et praesertim [[Cicero]]nis, [[Augustus (imperator)|Augusti]], [[Iulia minor|Iuliae]] Augusti filiae; 8. [[Plato]] de usu vini * Liber III: 1-2. de Vergilio sacrorum descriptore; 3-4. de sacris, profanis, sanctis, religiosis; 5-6. de eruditione Vergilii in re sacrificiorum sacrorumque; 7. de profunditate Vergilii; 8. de lectionibus variis et falsis apud Vergilium; 9. de formulis ad tutelam divinam invocandam edictis; 10. de taurorum sacrificio; 11. de [[mulsum|mulsi]] sacrificio; 12. de [[Salii]]s; 13. de luxu [[Quintus Hortensius Hortalus|Hortensii]] aliorumque; 14. de [[saltatio]]ne et [[cantus|cantu]] apud antiquos indignis habitis; 15-16. de honore apud antiquos piscium et praesertim [[murena]]rum; 17. de legibus antiquorum [[lex sumptuaria|sumptuariis]]; 18. de generibus [[nux|nucum]]; 19-20. de varietatibus [[malus|malorum]] fructuumque aliorum * Liber IV: 1-6. de pathetico a Vergilio et in litteris aliorum expresso * Liber V: 1. de Vergilio oratore; 2. de Vergilio Graecorum secutore; 3-10. de ''[[Aeneis|Aeneide]]'' ex ''[[Ilias|Iliade]]'' et ''[[Odyssea]]'' versa; 11-13. de Vergilio [[Homerus|Homeri]] interprete nunc meliori, nunc peiori; 14. de Vergilio etiam in vitiis imitatore Homeri; 15-16. de catalogis carminum Homericorum et ''Aeneidos''; 17. de rebus a Vergilio e [[Pindarus|Pindaro]] et [[Apollonius Rhodius|Apollonio]] sumptis; 18-19. de rebus e poëtis obscurioribus sumptis; 20. de rebus [[Mysia|Mysiis]] e carminibus Homericis in ''[[Georgica (Vergilius)|Georgica]]'' Vergiliana conversis; 21. de nominibus poculorum Graecis; 22. de personis a Vergilio sumptis ex antiquissimis carminibus Graecis * Liber VI: 1-2. de rebus a Vergilio sumptis ex antiquis poëtis Latinis; 3. de rebus e carminibus Homericis a variis poëtis sumptis, postea a Vergilio adoptatis; 4-6. de verbis, epithetis, figuris e variis poëtis a Vergilio adoptatis; 7-9. de difficultatibus et crucibus operum Vergilianorum * Liber VII: 1. in cenis qua hora et quomodo licet de philosophia loqui; 2. de rebus quae gaudium et dolorem apud convivas excitant; 3. de [[scomma]]tibus; 4-5. de victu simplici et composito; 6-7. de vino necnon musto, de ebrietate mulierum ac seniorum, de calore et frigido; 8. de digestione facili et difficili; 9. de cerebello et sensu; 10. de calvitie et de voce virorum ac mulierum; 11. de rubescendo; 12-13. de potu et victu quaestiones variae; 14. de visu; 15. de stomacho, venis, pulmonibus; 16. de [[ovumne prius exstitit an gallina?|ovo prius exstante an gallina]] == Bibliographia == {{Vide-etiam|Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius#Bibliographia}} ; Editiones et versiones * 1969 : P. Davies, interpr., ''Macrobius: The Saturnalia''. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 1969 {{Ling|Anglice}} * 1967 : Nino Marinone, ed. et interpr., ''I Saturnali de Macrobio Theodosio''. Taurinis. 2a ed., 1977 {{Ling|Latine|Italiane}} * 2004 : C. Guittard, ed. et interpr., ''Macrobe: Les Saturnales, Livres I–III''. 2a ed. Lutetiae, 2004 {{Ling|Latine|Francogallice}} * 2008 : O. Schönberger, E. Schönberger, ''Tischgespräche am Saturnalienfest: Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius''. Würzburg, 2008 ; Eruditio * {{Fabricius Latina}} vol. 1 pp. 620-624 * Robert A. Kaster, ''Studies on the Text of Macrobius' Saturnalia''. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-19-975136-5 * A. La Penna, ''Studi sulla tradizione dei Saturnali di Macrobio'' in ''ASNP'' vol. 22 (1953) pp. 225-252 * G. Lögdberg, ''In Macrobii Saturnalia adnotationes''. Upsaliae, 1936 * P. Wessner, "[[:s:de:RE:Macrobius 7|Macrobius. 7]]" in {{PW}} vol. 14 pars 1 (1928) coll. 170-198 * G. Wissowa, ''De Macrobii Saturnaliorum fontibus capita tria''. Vratislaviae: apud G. Koebnerum, 1880 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb__2zRAAAAMAAJ/mode/2up Textus] {{NexInt}} * [[Porcus Troianus]] == Nexus externi == * [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Macrobius/Saturnalia/1*.html Textus] in libros singulos divisus {{Ling|Latine}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100130080231/http://pot-pourri.fltr.ucl.ac.be/files/AClassFTP/TEXTES/Macrobe/ Versio] {{Ling|Francogallice}} * ''[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11612/ Macrobii Theodosii Illustrissimi Saturnaliorum Libri VII]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'': liber manu scriptus saec. XV ([[Bibliotheca Laurentiana]] [[Florentia]]e) [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 5]] [[Categoria:Italiae scripta]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae aetatis Imperii]] [[Categoria:Cenae litterariae]] [[Categoria:Dialogi]] [[Categoria:Religio Romana]] [[Categoria:Saturnalia]] 2d2eks8uo5icduk7uxje33t3mrrd0w7 0 123776 3966814 3966503 2026-06-26T13:42:22Z Pippobuono 54500 nomen latine 3966814 wikitext text/x-wiki Hic est index [[commune|communium]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] praefecturae [[Francia|Francicae]], cui subsunt communia 515 numero. [[Fasciculus:Vosges-Position.png|thumb|Situs praefecturae]] [[Fasciculus: Senones vu du Petit Paris.jpg|thumb|Despectus in ''[[ Senones ]]'']] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88001 | 88270 | [[Les Ableuvenettes]] |- | 88002 | 88500 | [[Ahéville]] |- | 88003 | 88140 | [[Aingeville]] |- | 88004 | 88320 | [[Ainvelle (Vosegus)|Ainvelle]] |- | 88005 | 88110 | [[Allarmont]] |- | 88006 | 88500 | [[Ambacuria]] |- | 88007 | 88410 | [[Ameuvelle]] |- | 88008 | 88700 | [[Anglemont]] |- | 88009 | 88650 | [[Anould]] |- | 88010 | 88170 | [[Aouze]] |- | 88011 | 88380 | [[Arches (Vosegus)|Arches]] |- | 88012 | 88380 | [[Archettes]] |- | 88013 | 88170 | [[Aroffe]] |- | 88014 | 88430 | [[Arrentès-de-Corcieux]] |- | 88015 | 88300 | [[Attignéville]] |- | 88016 | 88260 | [[Attigny (Vosegus)|Attigny]] |- | 88017 | 88300 | [[Aulnois]] |- | 88018 | 88640 | [[Aumontzey]] |- | 88019 | 88300 | [[Autigny-la-Tour]] |- | 88020 | 88300 | [[Autreville (Vosegus)|Autreville]] |- | 88021 | 88700 | [[Autrey (Vosegus)|Autrey]] |- | 88022 | 88140 | [[Auzainvilliers]] |- | 88023 | 88500 | [[Avillers (Vosegus)|Avillers]] |- | 88024 | 88130 | [[Avrainville (Vosegus)|Avrainville]] |- | 88025 | 88630 | [[Avranville]] |- | 88026 | 88600 | [[Aydoilles]] |- | 88027 | 88330 | [[Badménil-aux-Bois]] |- | 88028 | 88460 | [[La Baffe]] |- | 88029 | 88240 | [[Bains-les-Bains]] |- | 88030 | 88270 | [[Bainville-aux-Saules]] |- | 88031 | 88170 | [[Balléville]] |- | 88032 | 88520 | [[Ban-de-Laveline]] |- | 88033 | 88210 | [[Ban-de-Sapt]] |- | 88106 | 88230 | [[Ban-sur-Meurthe-Clefcy]] |- | 88035 | 88640 | [[Barbey-Seroux]] |- | 88036 | 88300 | [[Barville (Vosegus)|Barville]] |- | 88037 | 88120 | [[Basse-sur-le-Rupt]] |- | 88038 | 88130 | [[Battexey]] |- | 88039 | 88500 | [[Baudricourt]] |- | 88040 | 88150 | [[Bayecourt]] |- | 88041 | 88270 | [[Bazegney]] |- | 88042 | 88700 | [[Bazien]] |- | 88043 | 88500 | [[Bazoilles-et-Ménil]] |- | 88044 | 88300 | [[Bazoilles-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88045 | 88300 | [[Beaufremont]] |- | 88046 | 88600 | [[Beauménil]] |- | 88047 | 88270 | [[Begnécourt]] |- | 88048 | 88370 | [[Bellefontaine (Vosegus)|Bellefontaine]] |- | 88049 | 88260 | [[Belmont-lès-Darney]] |- | 88050 | 88600 | [[Belmont-sur-Buttant]] |- | 88051 | 88800 | [[Belmont-sur-Vair]] |- | 88052 | 88260 | [[Belrupt]] |- | 88053 | 88210 | [[Belval (Vosegus)|Belval]] |- | 88054 | 88520 | [[Bertrimoutier]] |- | 88055 | 88450 | [[Bettegney-Saint-Brice]] |- | 88056 | 88500 | [[Bettoncourt]] |- | 88057 | 88490 | [[Le Beulay]] |- | 88058 | 88170 | [[Biécourt]] |- | 88059 | 88430 | [[Biffontaine]] |- | 88060 | 88500 | [[Blémerey (Vosegus)|Blémerey]] |- | 88061 | 88410 | [[Bleurville]] |- | 88062 | 88320 | [[Blevaincourt]] |- | 88063 | 88270 | [[Bocquegney]] |- | 88064 | 88600 | [[Bois-de-Champ]] |- | 88065 | 88260 | [[Bonvillet]] |- | 88066 | 88500 | [[Boulaincourt]] |- | 88068 | 88470 | [[La Bourgonce]] |- | 88069 | 88270 | [[Bouxières-aux-Bois]] |- | 88070 | 88130 | [[Bouxurulles]] |- | 88071 | 88270 | [[Bouzemont]] |- | 88073 | 88130 | [[Brantigny]] |- | 88074 | 88350 | [[Brechainville]] |- | 88075 | 88250 | [[La Bresse]] |- | 88076 | 88600 | [[Brouvelieures]] |- | 88077 | 88700 | [[Brû]] |- | 88078 | 88600 | [[Bruyères]] |- | 88079 | 88140 | [[Boloniacivilla]] |- | 88080 | 88700 | [[Bult]] |- | 88081 | 88540 | [[Bussang]] |- | 88082 | 88110 | [[Celles-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88083 | 88300 | [[Certilleux]] |- | 88084 | 88130 | [[Chamagne]] |- | 88085 | 88640 | [[Champdray]] |- | 88086 | 88600 | [[Ducis Campus|Champ-le-Duc]] |- | 88087 | 88000 | [[Chantraine (commune)|Chantraine]] |- | 88088 | 88240 | [[La Chapelle-aux-Bois]] |- | 88089 | 88600 | [[La Chapelle-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88090 | 88130 | [[Carpinia]] |- | 88091 | 88460 | [[Charmois-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88092 | 88270 | [[Charmois-l'Orgueilleux]] |- | 88093 | 88210 | [[Châtas]] |- | 88094 | 88330 | [[Châtel-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88095 | 88170 | [[Châtenois (Vosegus)|Châtenois]] |- | 88096 | 88410 | [[Châtillon-sur-Saône]] |- | 88097 | 88500 | [[Chauffecourt]] |- | 88098 | 88390 | [[Chaumousey]] |- | 88099 | 88150 | [[Chavelot]] |- | 88100 | 88500 | [[Chef-Haut]] |- | 88101 | 88460 | [[Cheniménil]] |- | 88102 | 88630 | [[Chermisey]] |- | 88103 | 88270 | [[Circourt]] |- | 88104 | 88300 | [[Circourt-sur-Mouzon]] |- | 88105 | 88410 | [[Claudon]] |- | 88107 | 88630 | [[Clérey-la-Côte]] |- | 88108 | 88240 | [[Le Clerjus]] |- | 88109 | 88120 | [[Cleurie]] |- | 88110 | 88700 | [[Clézentaine]] |- | 88111 | 88100 | [[Coinches]] |- | 88112 | 88490 | [[Colroy-la-Grande]] |- | 88113 | 88490 | [[Combrimont]] |- | 88114 | 88140 | [[Gundrecivilla]] |- | 88115 | 88430 | [[Corcieux]] |- | 88116 | 88310 | [[Cornimont]] |- | 88117 | 88170 | [[Courcelles-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88118 | 88630 | [[Coussey]] |- | 88119 | 88140 | [[Crainvilliers]] |- | 88120 | 88520 | [[La Croix-aux-Mines]] |- | 88121 | 88330 | [[Damas-aux-Bois]] |- | 88122 | 88270 | [[Damas-et-Bettegney]] |- | 88123 | 88320 | [[Damblain]] |- | 88124 | 88260 | [[Darney]] |- | 88125 | 88170 | [[Darney-aux-Chênes]] |- | 88126 | 88390 | [[Darnieulles]] |- | 88127 | 88700 | [[Deinvillers]] |- | 88128 | 88210 | [[Denipaire]] |- | 88129 | 88270 | [[Derbamont]] |- | 88130 | 88600 | [[Destord]] |- | 88131 | 88600 | [[Deycimont]] |- | 88132 | 88000 | [[Deyvillers]] |- | 88133 | 88000 | [[Dignonville]] |- | 88134 | 88000 | [[Dinozé]] |- | 88135 | 88460 | [[Docelles]] |- | 88136 | 88000 | [[Dogneville]] |- | 88137 | 88170 | [[Dolaincourt]] |- | 88138 | 88260 | [[Dombasle-devant-Darney]] |- | 88139 | 88500 | [[Dombasle-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88140 | 88140 | [[Dombrot-le-Sec]] |- | 88141 | 88170 | [[Dombrot-sur-Vair]] |- | 88144 | 88500 | [[Domèvre-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88142 | 88390 | [[Domèvre-sur-Avière]] |- | 88143 | 88330 | [[Domèvre-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88145 | 88600 | [[Domfaing]] |- | 88146 | 88800 | [[Domjulien]] |- | 88147 | 88390 | [[Dommartin-aux-Bois]] |- | 88148 | 88200 | [[Domnus Martinus (Romaricus Mons)]] |- | 88149 | 88260 | [[Dommartin-lès-Vallois]] |- | 88150 | 88170 | [[Dommartin-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88151 | 88270 | [[Donoparium]] |- | 88152 | 88600 | [[Dompierre (Vosegus)|Dompierre]] |- | 88153 | 88700 | [[Domptail]] |- | 88154 | 88630 | [[Domnum Remigium]] |- | 88155 | 88500 | [[Domvallier]] |- | 88156 | 88700 | [[Doncières]] |- | 88157 | 88220 | [[Dounoux]] |- | 88158 | 88510 | [[Éloyes]] |- | 88159 | 88650 | [[Entre-deux-Eaux]] |- | 88160 | 88000 | [[Spinalium]] |- | 88161 | 88260 | [[Escles]] |- | 88162 | 88260 | [[Esley]] |- | 88163 | 88130 | [[Essegney]] |- | 88164 | 88500 | [[Estrennes]] |- | 88165 | 88480 | [[Étival-Clairefontaine]] |- | 88166 | 88450 | [[Évaux-et-Ménil]] |- | 88167 | 88460 | [[Faucompierre]] |- | 88168 | 88700 | [[Fauconcourt]] |- | 88169 | 88600 | [[Fays (Vosegus)|Fays]] |- | 88170 | 88360 | [[Ferdrupt]] |- | 88171 | 88410 | [[Fignévelle]] |- | 88172 | 88600 | [[Fiménil]] |- | 88173 | 88130 | [[Florémont]] |- | 88174 | 88390 | [[Fomerey]] |- | 88175 | 88600 | [[Fontenay (Vosegus)|Fontenay]] |- | 88176 | 88240 | [[Fontenoy-le-Château]] |- | 88177 | 88530 | [[La Forge (Vosegus)|La Forge]] |- | 88178 | 88390 | [[Les Forges (Vosegus)|Les Forges]] |- | 88179 | 88320 | [[Fouchécourt (Vosegus)|Fouchécourt]] |- | 88180 | 88320 | [[Frain]] |- | 88181 | 88230 | [[Fraize]] |- | 88182 | 88490 | [[Frapelle]] |- | 88183 | 88630 | [[Frebécourt]] |- | 88184 | 88600 | [[Fremifontaine]] |- | 88185 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Grande]] |- | 88186 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Petite]] |- | 88187 | 88270 | [[Frénois (Vosegus)|Frénois]] |- | 88188 | 88160 | [[Fresse-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88189 | 88350 | [[Fréville (Vosegus)|Fréville]] |- | 88190 | 88440 | [[Frizon]] |- | 88192 | 88270 | [[Gelvécourt-et-Adompt]] |- | 88193 | 88520 | [[Gemaingoutte]] |- | 88194 | 88170 | [[Gemmelaincourt]] |- | 88195 | 88140 | [[Gendreville]] |- | 88196 | 88400 | [[Gérardmer]] |- | 88197 | 88120 | [[Gerbamont]] |- | 88198 | 88430 | [[Gerbépal]] |- | 88199 | 88320 | [[Gignéville]] |- | 88200 | 88390 | [[Gigney]] |- | 88201 | 88390 | [[Girancourt]] |- | 88202 | 88500 | [[Gircourt-lès-Viéville]] |- | 88203 | 88600 | [[Girecourt-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88205 | 88340 | [[Girmont-Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88206 | 88170 | [[Gironcourt-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88208 | 88410 | [[Godoncourt]] |- | 88209 | 88190 | [[Golbey]] |- | 88210 | 88270 | [[Gorhey]] |- | 88212 | 88350 | [[Grand (Vosegus)|Grand]] |- | 88213 | 88490 | [[La Grande-Fosse]] |- | 88215 | 88210 | [[Grandrupt]] |- | 88214 | 88240 | [[Grandrupt-de-Bains]] |- | 88216 | 88600 | [[Grandvillers]] |- | 88218 | 88640 | [[Granges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88219 | 88630 | [[Greux]] |- | 88220 | 88410 | [[Grignoncourt]] |- | 88221 | 88240 | [[Gruey-lès-Surance]] |- | 88222 | 88600 | [[Gugnécourt]] |- | 88223 | 88450 | [[Gugney-aux-Aulx]] |- | 88224 | 88330 | [[Hadigny-les-Verrières]] |- | 88225 | 88220 | [[Hadol]] |- | 88226 | 88270 | [[Hagécourt]] |- | 88227 | 88300 | [[Hagnéville-et-Roncourt]] |- | 88228 | 88330 | [[Haillainville]] |- | 88229 | 88300 | [[Harchéchamp]] |- | 88230 | 88700 | [[Hardancourt]] |- | 88231 | 88800 | [[Haréville]] |- | 88232 | 88300 | [[Harmonville]] |- | 88233 | 88270 | [[Harol]] |- | 88234 | 88240 | [[Harsault]] |- | 88235 | 88240 | [[Hautmougey]] |- | 88236 | 88240 | [[La Haye (Vosegus)|La Haye]] |- | 88237 | 88270 | [[Hennecourt]] |- | 88238 | 88260 | [[Hennezel]] |- | 88239 | 88130 | [[Hergugney]] |- | 88240 | 88600 | [[Herpelmont]] |- | 88241 | 88170 | [[Houécourt]] |- | 88242 | 88300 | [[Houéville]] |- | 88243 | 88700 | [[Housseras]] |- | 88244 | 88430 | [[La Houssière]] |- | 88245 | 88210 | [[Hurbache]] |- | 88246 | 88500 | [[Hymont]] |- | 88247 | 88150 | [[Igney (Vosegus)|Igney]] |- | 88248 | 88320 | [[Isches]] |- | 88249 | 88300 | [[Jainvillotte]] |- | 88250 | 88550 | [[Jarménil]] |- | 88251 | 88700 | [[Jeanménil]] |- | 88252 | 88260 | [[Jésonville]] |- | 88253 | 88000 | [[Jeuxey]] |- | 88254 | 88500 | [[Jorxey]] |- | 88255 | 88630 | [[Jubainville]] |- | 88256 | 88640 | [[Jussarupt]] |- | 88257 | 88500 | [[Juvaincourt]] |- | 88258 | 88320 | [[Lamarche]] |- | 88259 | 88300 | [[Landaville]] |- | 88260 | 88130 | [[Langley (Vosegus)|Langley]] |- | 88261 | 88600 | [[Laval-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88262 | 88600 | [[Laveline-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88263 | 88640 | [[Laveline-du-Houx]] |- | 88264 | 88270 | [[Légéville-et-Bonfays]] |- | 88265 | 88300 | [[Lemmecourt]] |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88266 | 88600 | [[Lépanges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88267 | 88260 | [[Lerrain]] |- | 88268 | 88490 | [[Lesseux]] |- | 88269 | 88400 | [[Liézey]] |- | 88270 | 88350 | [[Liffol-le-Grand]] |- | 88271 | 88800 | [[Lignéville]] |- | 88272 | 88410 | [[Lironcourt]] |- | 88273 | 88000 | [[Longchamp (Vosegus)|Longchamp]] |- | 88274 | 88170 | [[Longchamp-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88275 | 88490 | [[Lubine]] |- | 88276 | 88490 | [[Lusse]] |- | 88277 | 88110 | [[Luvigny]] |- | 88278 | 88170 | [[Maconcourt]] |- | 88279 | 88270 | [[Madecourt]] |- | 88280 | 88450 | [[Madegney]] |- | 88281 | 88270 | [[Madonne-et-Lamerey]] |- | 88282 | 88240 | [[Le Magny (Vosegus)|Le Magny]] |- | 88283 | 88140 | [[Malaincourt]] |- | 88284 | 88650 | [[Mandray]] |- | 88285 | 88800 | [[Mandres-sur-Vair]] |- | 88286 | 88130 | [[Marainville-sur-Madon]] |- | 88287 | 88320 | [[Marey (Vosegus)|Marey]] |- | 88288 | 88270 | [[Maroncourt]] |- | 88289 | 88320 | [[Martigny-les-Bains]] |- | 88290 | 88300 | [[Martigny-les-Gerbonvaux]] |- | 88291 | 88410 | [[Martinvelle]] |- | 88292 | 88500 | [[Mattaincourt]] |- | 88293 | 88630 | [[Maxey-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88294 | 88150 | [[Mazeley]] |- | 88295 | 88500 | [[Mazirot]] |- | 88296 | 88140 | [[Médonville]] |- | 88297 | 88600 | [[Méménil]] |- | 88298 | 88700 | [[Ménarmont]] |- | 88302 | 88160 | [[Le Ménil]] |- | 88300 | 88210 | [[Ménil-de-Senones]] |- | 88299 | 88500 | [[Mansile in Sanctesio]] |- | 88301 | 88700 | [[Ménil-sur-Belvitte]] |- | 88303 | 88630 | [[Midrevaux]] |- | 88304 | 88500 | [[Mirecurtium]] |- | 88305 | 88630 | [[Moncel-sur-Vair]] |- | 88306 | 88210 | [[Le Mont]] |- | 88309 | 88800 | [[Monthureux-le-Sec]] |- | 88310 | 88410 | [[Monthureux-sur-Saône]] |- | 88307 | 88320 | [[Mont-lès-Lamarche]] |- | 88308 | 88300 | [[Mont-lès-Neufchâteau]] |- | 88311 | 88240 | [[Montmotier]] |- | 88312 | 88170 | [[Morelmaison]] |- | 88313 | 88330 | [[Moriville]] |- | 88314 | 88320 | [[Morizécourt]] |- | 88315 | 88600 | [[Mortagne (Vosegus)|Mortagne]] |- | 88316 | 88140 | [[Morville (Vosegus)|Morville]] |- | 88317 | 88210 | [[Moussey (Vosegus)|Moussey]] |- | 88318 | 88700 | [[Moyemont]] |- | 88319 | 88420 | [[Moyenmoutier]] |- | 88320 | 88100 | [[Nayemont-les-Fosses]] |- | 88321 | 88300 | [[Neocastrum]] |- | 88322 | 88600 | [[La Neuveville-devant-Lépanges]] |- | 88324 | 88170 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88325 | 88800 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88326 | 88100 | [[Neuvillers-sur-Fave]] |- | 88327 | 88440 | [[Nomexy]] |- | 88328 | 88470 | [[Nompatelize]] |- | 88330 | 88260 | [[Nonville (Vosegus)|Nonville]] |- | 88331 | 88600 | [[Nonzeville]] |- | 88332 | 88800 | [[Norroy]] |- | 88333 | 88700 | [[Nossoncourt]] |- | 88334 | 88500 | [[Oëlleville]] |- | 88335 | 88500 | [[Offroicourt]] |- | 88336 | 88170 | [[Ollainville (Vosegus)|Ollainville]] |- | 88338 | 88700 | [[Ortoncourt]] |- | 88340 | 88700 | [[Padoux]] |- | 88341 | 88100 | [[Pair-et-Grandrupt]] |- | 88342 | 88330 | [[Pallegney]] |- | 88343 | 88800 | [[Parey-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88344 | 88350 | [[Pargny-sous-Mureau]] |- | 88345 | 88490 | [[La Petite-Fosse]] |- | 88346 | 88210 | [[La Petite-Raon]] |- | 88347 | 88270 | [[Pierrefitte (Vosegus)|Pierrefitte]] |- | 88348 | 88600 | [[Pierrepont-sur-l'Arentèle]] |- | 88349 | 88230 | [[Plainfaing]] |- | 88350 | 88170 | [[Pleuvezain]] |- | 88351 | 88370 | [[Plumberae]] |- | 88352 | 88300 | [[Pompierre]] |- | 88353 | 88260 | [[Pont-lès-Bonfays]] |- | 88354 | 88500 | [[Pont-sur-Madon]] |- | 88355 | 88330 | [[Portieux]] |- | 88356 | 88600 | [[Les Poulières]] |- | 88357 | 88500 | [[Poussay]] |- | 88358 | 88550 | [[Pouxeux]] |- | 88359 | 88600 | [[Prey (Vosegus)|Prey]] |- | 88360 | 88260 | [[Provenchères-lès-Darney]] |- | 88361 | 88490 | [[Provenchères-sur-Fave]] |- | 88362 | 88210 | [[Le Puid]] |- | 88363 | 88630 | [[Punerot]] |- | 88364 | 88500 | [[Puzieux (Vosegus)|Puzieux]] |- | 88365 | 88270 | [[Racécourt]] |- | 88366 | 88170 | [[Rainville (Vosegus)|Rainville]] |- | 88367 | 88700 | [[Rambervillers]] |- | 88368 | 88500 | [[Ramecourt (Vosegus)|Ramecourt]] |- | 88369 | 88160 | [[Ramonchamp]] |- | 88370 | 88270 | [[Rancourt (Vosegus)|Rancourt]] |- | 88371 | 88220 | [[Raon-aux-Bois]] |- | 88372 | 88110 | [[Raon-l'Étape]] |- | 88373 | 88110 | [[Raon-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88374 | 88130 | [[Rapey]] |- | 88375 | 88520 | [[Raves (Vosegus)|Raves]] |- | 88376 | 88300 | [[Ribovilla]] |- | 88377 | 88410 | [[Rainharii villa]] |- | 88378 | 88450 | [[Regney]] |- | 88379 | 88330 | [[Ranconis curtis]] |- | 88380 | 88640 | [[Rehaupal]] |- | 88381 | 88260 | [[Relangia]] |- | 88382 | 88500 | [[Rimacuria]] |- | 88383 | 88200 | [[Romarici Mons]] |- | 88386 | 88100 | [[Remomeix]] |- | 88385 | 88800 | [[Romulficuria]] |- | 88387 | 88170 | [[Ramaldi villa]] |- | 88388 | 88390 | [[Renauvoid]] |- | 88389 | 88500 | [[Reparium]] |- | 88390 | 88320 | [[Roberticuria]] |- | 88391 | 88120 | [[Rochesson]] |- | 88394 | 88320 | [[Romania ad Silvas]] |- | 88395 | 88700 | [[Rotmundum]] |- | 88398 | 88600 | [[Les Rouges-Eaux]] |- | 88399 | 88460 | [[Le Roulier]] |- | 88400 | 88500 | [[Ruvera in Sanctesio]] |- | 88401 | 88170 | [[Roverium (Vosegus)|Roverium]] |- | 88402 | 88700 | [[Rovilla ad Quercus]] |- | 88403 | 88500 | [[Roserota]] |- | 88404 | 88320 | [[Roseriae supra Mosunam]] |- | 88406 | 88130 | [[Rugney]] |- | 88407 | 88630 | [[Ruppes]] |- | 88408 | 88360 | [[Rupt-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88409 | 88120 | [[Saint-Amé]] |- | 88411 | 88260 | [[Sanctus Basolimons]] |- | 88412 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Benedictus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Benedictus]] |- | 88413 | 88100 | [[Sanctus Deodatus (urbs)|Sanctus Deodatus]] |- | 88410 | 88700 | [[Sancta Barbara (Vosegus)|Sancta Barbara]] |- | 88418 | 88700 | [[Sancta Helena (Vosegus)|Sancta Helena]] |- | 88424 | 88100 | [[Sancta Margareta (Vosegus)|Sancta Margareta]] |- | 88415 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam]] |- | 88416 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Genesius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Genesius]] |- | 88417 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Gorgonius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Gorgonius]] |- | 88419 | 88210 | [[Saint-Jean-d'Ormont]] |- | 88421 | 88410 | [[Sanctus Iulianus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Iulianus]] |- | 88423 | 88650 | [[Sanctus Leonardus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Leonardus]] |- | 88425 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Mauricius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Mauricius]] |- | 88426 | 88560 | [[Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88427 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Memmius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Memmius]] |- | 88428 | 88470 | [[Saint-Michel-sur-Meurthe]] |- | 88429 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Nabor (Vosegus)|Sanctus Nabor]] |- | 88430 | 88140 | [[Sanctus Audoenus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Audoenus]] |- | 88431 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Paulus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Paulus]] |- | 88432 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Petrimons]] |- | 88433 | 88500 | [[Sanctus Pancratius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Pancratius]] |- | 88434 | 88800 | [[Sancti Remigii Mons (Vosegus)|Sancti Remigii Mons]] |- | 88435 | 88480 | [[Sanctus Remigius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Remigius]] |- | 88436 | 88210 | [[Sanctus Stephanus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Stephanus]] |- | 88437 | 88270 | [[Sanctus Valerius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Valerius]] |- | 88438 | 88470 | [[La Salle (Vosegus)|La Salle]] |- | 88439 | 88390 | [[Sanchey]] |- | 88440 | 88170 | [[Sandaucuria]] |- | 88441 | 88260 | [[Sans-Vallois]] |- | 88442 | 88120 | [[Sapois (Vosegus)|Sapois]] |- | 88443 | 88300 | [[Sartes]] |- | 88444 | 88210 | [[Le Saulcy]] |- | 88445 | 88580 | [[Salicetum (Vosegus)|Salicetum]] |- | 88446 | 88140 | [[Salsurae (Vosegus)|Salsurae]] |- | 88447 | 88290 | [[Salsuriae]] |- | 88448 | 88140 | [[Seivilla]] |- | 88449 | 88130 | [[Saviniacum (Vosegus)|Saviniacum]] |- | 88450 | 88320 | [[Senagda]] |- | 88451 | 88210 | [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senonia]] |- | 88452 | 88260 | [[Senonges]] |- | 88453 | 88630 | [[Seromons]] |- | 88454 | 88600 | [[Sarcus (Vosegus)|Sarcus]] |- | 88455 | 88320 | [[Sirecuria]] |- | 88456 | 88320 | [[Serocourt]] |- | 88457 | 88630 | [[Seona (Vosegus)|Seona]] |- | 88458 | 88130 | [[Solicuria]] |- | 88459 | 88170 | [[Soncuria]] |- | 88460 | 88630 | [[Solicia]] |- | 88461 | 88140 | [[Serewavilla]] |- | 88462 | 88120 | [[Le Syndicat]] |- | 88463 | 88100 | [[Tinctorivus]] |- | 88464 | 88460 | [[Tendon (Vosegus)|Tendon]] |- | 88465 | 88150 | [[Tado]] |- | 88466 | 88800 | [[Tillia]] |- | 88467 | 88290 | [[Thiéfosse]] |- | 88468 | 88160 | [[Le Thillot]] |- | 88469 | 88500 | [[Tirocuria]] |- | 88470 | 88530 | [[Le Tholy]] |- | 88471 | 88410 | [[Les Thons]] |- | 88472 | 88260 | [[Thuillières]] |- | 88473 | 88320 | [[Tignécourt]] |- | 88474 | 88300 | [[Tellum (Vosegus)|Tellum]] |- | 88475 | 88320 | [[Toteleni curtis]] |- | 88476 | 88500 | [[Totoni villa]] |- | 88477 | 88350 | [[Trampodium]] |- | 88478 | 88300 | [[Tranculfi villa]] |- | 88479 | 88240 | [[Trémonzey]] |- | 88480 | 88130 | [[Ubexy]] |- | 88481 | 88220 | [[Uriménil]] |- | 88482 | 88140 | [[Eurivilla]] |- | 88483 | 88390 | [[Ursiniacum]] |- | 88484 | 88220 | [[Usminga]] |- | 88485 | 88140 | [[La Vacheresse-et-la-Rouillie]] |- | 88486 | 88120 | [[Vainiacum]] |- | 88487 | 88340 | [[Le Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88488 | 88270 | [[Valefridicurtis]] |- | 88489 | 88270 | [[Vallis Regia (Vosegus)|Vallis Regia]] |- | 88490 | 88800 | [[Vallis Regia Sicca]] |- | 88491 | 88260 | [[Tres Valesii]] |- | 88492 | 88230 | [[Le Valtin]] |- | 88493 | 88450 | [[Varmonzey]] |- | 88494 | 88500 | [[Vaubexy]] |- | 88495 | 88000 | [[Waldinivilla]] |- | 88496 | 88140 | [[Valdonis curtis (Vosegus)|Valdonis curtis]] |- | 88497 | 88330 | [[Wauxoncuria]] |- | 88498 | 88200 | [[Vecoux]] |- | 88499 | 88270 | [[Velotte-et-Tatignécourt]] |- | 88500 | 88310 | [[Ventron]] |- | 88501 | 88210 | [[Le Vermont]] |- | 88502 | 88600 | [[Vervezelle]] |- | 88503 | 88110 | [[Vexaincourt]] |- | 88504 | 88170 | [[Vicherey]] |- | 88505 | 88430 | [[Vienville]] |- | 88506 | 88210 | [[Vieux-Moulin (Vosegus)|Vieux-Moulin]] |- | 88507 | 88500 | [[Villers (Vosegus)|Villers]] |- | 88508 | 88270 | [[Ville-sur-Illon]] |- | 88509 | 88150 | [[Villoncourt]] |- | 88510 | 88320 | [[Villotte]] |- | 88511 | 88350 | [[Villouxel]] |- | 88512 | 88600 | [[Viménil]] |- | 88513 | 88450 | [[Vincey]] |- | 88514 | 88170 | [[Viocourt]] |- | 88515 | 88260 | [[Vioménil]] |- | 88516 | 88800 | [[Vittel]] |- | 88517 | 88260 | [[Viviers-le-Gras]] |- | 88518 | 88500 | [[Viviers-lès-Offroicourt]] |- | 88519 | 88470 | [[La Voivre (Vosegus)|La Voivre]] |- | 88520 | 88240 | [[Les Voivres]] |- | 88521 | 88700 | [[Vomécourt]] |- | 88522 | 88500 | [[Vomécourt-sur-Madon]] |- | 88523 | 88170 | [[Vouxey]] |- | 88524 | 88140 | [[Vrécourt]] |- | 88525 | 88500 | [[Vroville]] |- | 88526 | 88520 | [[Wisembach]] |- | 88527 | 88700 | [[Xaffévillers]] |- | 88528 | 88460 | [[Xamontarupt]] |- | 88529 | 88130 | [[Xaronval]] |- | 88530 | 88220 | [[Scatiniacum]] |- | 88531 | 88400 | [[Xonrupt-Longemer]] |- | 88532 | 88330 | [[Zincourt]] |} {{Indices communium praefecturarum Franciae}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi|!]] 35dzjhpdxwjqhxr4w34kizgshcudi65 3966941 3966814 2026-06-26T21:20:43Z Pippobuono 54500 nomina latina 3966941 wikitext text/x-wiki Hic est index [[commune|communium]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] praefecturae [[Francia|Francicae]], cui subsunt communia 515 numero. [[Fasciculus:Vosges-Position.png|thumb|Situs praefecturae]] [[Fasciculus: Senones vu du Petit Paris.jpg|thumb|Despectus in ''[[ Senones ]]'']] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88001 | 88270 | [[Les Ableuvenettes]] |- | 88002 | 88500 | [[Ahéville]] |- | 88003 | 88140 | [[Aingeville]] |- | 88004 | 88320 | [[Ainvelle (Vosegus)|Ainvelle]] |- | 88005 | 88110 | [[Allarmont]] |- | 88006 | 88500 | [[Ambacuria]] |- | 88007 | 88410 | [[Ameuvelle]] |- | 88008 | 88700 | [[Anglemont]] |- | 88009 | 88650 | [[Anould]] |- | 88010 | 88170 | [[Aouze]] |- | 88011 | 88380 | [[Arches (Vosegus)|Arches]] |- | 88012 | 88380 | [[Archettes]] |- | 88013 | 88170 | [[Aroffe]] |- | 88014 | 88430 | [[Arrentès-de-Corcieux]] |- | 88015 | 88300 | [[Attignéville]] |- | 88016 | 88260 | [[Attigny (Vosegus)|Attigny]] |- | 88017 | 88300 | [[Aulnois]] |- | 88018 | 88640 | [[Aumontzey]] |- | 88019 | 88300 | [[Autigny-la-Tour]] |- | 88020 | 88300 | [[Autreville (Vosegus)|Autreville]] |- | 88021 | 88700 | [[Autrey (Vosegus)|Autrey]] |- | 88022 | 88140 | [[Auzainvilliers]] |- | 88023 | 88500 | [[Avillers (Vosegus)|Avillers]] |- | 88024 | 88130 | [[Avrainville (Vosegus)|Avrainville]] |- | 88025 | 88630 | [[Avranville]] |- | 88026 | 88600 | [[Aydoilles]] |- | 88027 | 88330 | [[Badménil-aux-Bois]] |- | 88028 | 88460 | [[La Baffe]] |- | 88029 | 88240 | [[Bains-les-Bains]] |- | 88030 | 88270 | [[Bainville-aux-Saules]] |- | 88031 | 88170 | [[Balléville]] |- | 88032 | 88520 | [[Ban-de-Laveline]] |- | 88033 | 88210 | [[Ban-de-Sapt]] |- | 88106 | 88230 | [[Ban-sur-Meurthe-Clefcy]] |- | 88035 | 88640 | [[Barbey-Seroux]] |- | 88036 | 88300 | [[Barville (Vosegus)|Barville]] |- | 88037 | 88120 | [[Basse-sur-le-Rupt]] |- | 88038 | 88130 | [[Battexey]] |- | 88039 | 88500 | [[Baudricourt]] |- | 88040 | 88150 | [[Bayecourt]] |- | 88041 | 88270 | [[Bazegney]] |- | 88042 | 88700 | [[Bazien]] |- | 88043 | 88500 | [[Bazoilles-et-Ménil]] |- | 88044 | 88300 | [[Bazoilles-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88045 | 88300 | [[Beaufremont]] |- | 88046 | 88600 | [[Beauménil]] |- | 88047 | 88270 | [[Begnécourt]] |- | 88048 | 88370 | [[Bellefontaine (Vosegus)|Bellefontaine]] |- | 88049 | 88260 | [[Belmont-lès-Darney]] |- | 88050 | 88600 | [[Belmont-sur-Buttant]] |- | 88051 | 88800 | [[Belmont-sur-Vair]] |- | 88052 | 88260 | [[Belrupt]] |- | 88053 | 88210 | [[Belval (Vosegus)|Belval]] |- | 88054 | 88520 | [[Bertrimoutier]] |- | 88055 | 88450 | [[Bettegney-Saint-Brice]] |- | 88056 | 88500 | [[Bettoncourt]] |- | 88057 | 88490 | [[Le Beulay]] |- | 88058 | 88170 | [[Biécourt]] |- | 88059 | 88430 | [[Biffontaine]] |- | 88060 | 88500 | [[Blémerey (Vosegus)|Blémerey]] |- | 88061 | 88410 | [[Bleurville]] |- | 88062 | 88320 | [[Blevaincourt]] |- | 88063 | 88270 | [[Bocquegney]] |- | 88064 | 88600 | [[Bois-de-Champ]] |- | 88065 | 88260 | [[Bonvillet]] |- | 88066 | 88500 | [[Boulaincourt]] |- | 88068 | 88470 | [[La Bourgonce]] |- | 88069 | 88270 | [[Bouxières-aux-Bois]] |- | 88070 | 88130 | [[Bouxurulles]] |- | 88071 | 88270 | [[Bouzemont]] |- | 88073 | 88130 | [[Brantigny]] |- | 88074 | 88350 | [[Brechainville]] |- | 88075 | 88250 | [[La Bresse]] |- | 88076 | 88600 | [[Brouvelieures]] |- | 88077 | 88700 | [[Brû]] |- | 88078 | 88600 | [[Bruyères]] |- | 88079 | 88140 | [[Boloniacivilla]] |- | 88080 | 88700 | [[Bult]] |- | 88081 | 88540 | [[Bussang]] |- | 88082 | 88110 | [[Celles-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88083 | 88300 | [[Certilleux]] |- | 88084 | 88130 | [[Chamagne]] |- | 88085 | 88640 | [[Champdray]] |- | 88086 | 88600 | [[Ducis Campus|Champ-le-Duc]] |- | 88087 | 88000 | [[Chantraine (commune)|Chantraine]] |- | 88088 | 88240 | [[La Chapelle-aux-Bois]] |- | 88089 | 88600 | [[La Chapelle-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88090 | 88130 | [[Carpinia]] |- | 88091 | 88460 | [[Charmois-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88092 | 88270 | [[Charmois-l'Orgueilleux]] |- | 88093 | 88210 | [[Châtas]] |- | 88094 | 88330 | [[Châtel-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88095 | 88170 | [[Châtenois (Vosegus)|Châtenois]] |- | 88096 | 88410 | [[Châtillon-sur-Saône]] |- | 88097 | 88500 | [[Chauffecourt]] |- | 88098 | 88390 | [[Chaumousey]] |- | 88099 | 88150 | [[Chavelot]] |- | 88100 | 88500 | [[Chef-Haut]] |- | 88101 | 88460 | [[Cheniménil]] |- | 88102 | 88630 | [[Chermisey]] |- | 88103 | 88270 | [[Circourt]] |- | 88104 | 88300 | [[Circourt-sur-Mouzon]] |- | 88105 | 88410 | [[Claudon]] |- | 88107 | 88630 | [[Clérey-la-Côte]] |- | 88108 | 88240 | [[Le Clerjus]] |- | 88109 | 88120 | [[Cleurie]] |- | 88110 | 88700 | [[Clézentaine]] |- | 88111 | 88100 | [[Coinches]] |- | 88112 | 88490 | [[Colroy-la-Grande]] |- | 88113 | 88490 | [[Combrimont]] |- | 88114 | 88140 | [[Gundrecivilla]] |- | 88115 | 88430 | [[Corcieux]] |- | 88116 | 88310 | [[Cornimont]] |- | 88117 | 88170 | [[Courcelles-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88118 | 88630 | [[Coussey]] |- | 88119 | 88140 | [[Crainvilliers]] |- | 88120 | 88520 | [[La Croix-aux-Mines]] |- | 88121 | 88330 | [[Damas-aux-Bois]] |- | 88122 | 88270 | [[Damas-et-Bettegney]] |- | 88123 | 88320 | [[Damblain]] |- | 88124 | 88260 | [[Darney]] |- | 88125 | 88170 | [[Darney-aux-Chênes]] |- | 88126 | 88390 | [[Darnieulles]] |- | 88127 | 88700 | [[Deinvillers]] |- | 88128 | 88210 | [[Denipaire]] |- | 88129 | 88270 | [[Derbamont]] |- | 88130 | 88600 | [[Destord]] |- | 88131 | 88600 | [[Deycimont]] |- | 88132 | 88000 | [[Deyvillers]] |- | 88133 | 88000 | [[Dignonville]] |- | 88134 | 88000 | [[Dinozé]] |- | 88135 | 88460 | [[Docelles]] |- | 88136 | 88000 | [[Dogneville]] |- | 88137 | 88170 | [[Dolaincourt]] |- | 88138 | 88260 | [[Dombasle-devant-Darney]] |- | 88139 | 88500 | [[Dombasle-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88140 | 88140 | [[Dombrot-le-Sec]] |- | 88141 | 88170 | [[Dombrot-sur-Vair]] |- | 88144 | 88500 | [[Domèvre-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88142 | 88390 | [[Domèvre-sur-Avière]] |- | 88143 | 88330 | [[Domèvre-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88145 | 88600 | [[Domfaing]] |- | 88146 | 88800 | [[Domjulien]] |- | 88147 | 88390 | [[Dommartin-aux-Bois]] |- | 88148 | 88200 | [[Domnus Martinus (Romaricus Mons)]] |- | 88149 | 88260 | [[Dommartin-lès-Vallois]] |- | 88150 | 88170 | [[Dommartin-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88151 | 88270 | [[Donoparium]] |- | 88152 | 88600 | [[Dompierre (Vosegus)|Dompierre]] |- | 88153 | 88700 | [[Domptail]] |- | 88154 | 88630 | [[Domnum Remigium]] |- | 88155 | 88500 | [[Domvallier]] |- | 88156 | 88700 | [[Doncières]] |- | 88157 | 88220 | [[Dounoux]] |- | 88158 | 88510 | [[Éloyes]] |- | 88159 | 88650 | [[Entre-deux-Eaux]] |- | 88160 | 88000 | [[Spinalium]] |- | 88161 | 88260 | [[Escles]] |- | 88162 | 88260 | [[Esley]] |- | 88163 | 88130 | [[Essegney]] |- | 88164 | 88500 | [[Estrennes]] |- | 88165 | 88480 | [[Étival-Clairefontaine]] |- | 88166 | 88450 | [[Évaux-et-Ménil]] |- | 88167 | 88460 | [[Faucompierre]] |- | 88168 | 88700 | [[Fauconcourt]] |- | 88169 | 88600 | [[Fays (Vosegus)|Fays]] |- | 88170 | 88360 | [[Ferdrupt]] |- | 88171 | 88410 | [[Fignévelle]] |- | 88172 | 88600 | [[Fiménil]] |- | 88173 | 88130 | [[Florémont]] |- | 88174 | 88390 | [[Fomerey]] |- | 88175 | 88600 | [[Fontenay (Vosegus)|Fontenay]] |- | 88176 | 88240 | [[Fontenoy-le-Château]] |- | 88177 | 88530 | [[La Forge (Vosegus)|La Forge]] |- | 88178 | 88390 | [[Les Forges (Vosegus)|Les Forges]] |- | 88179 | 88320 | [[Fouchécourt (Vosegus)|Fouchécourt]] |- | 88180 | 88320 | [[Frain]] |- | 88181 | 88230 | [[Fraize]] |- | 88182 | 88490 | [[Frapelle]] |- | 88183 | 88630 | [[Frebécourt]] |- | 88184 | 88600 | [[Fremifontaine]] |- | 88185 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Grande]] |- | 88186 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Petite]] |- | 88187 | 88270 | [[Frénois (Vosegus)|Frénois]] |- | 88188 | 88160 | [[Fresse-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88189 | 88350 | [[Fréville (Vosegus)|Fréville]] |- | 88190 | 88440 | [[Frizon]] |- | 88192 | 88270 | [[Gelvécourt-et-Adompt]] |- | 88193 | 88520 | [[Gemaingoutte]] |- | 88194 | 88170 | [[Gemmelaincourt]] |- | 88195 | 88140 | [[Gendreville]] |- | 88196 | 88400 | [[Gérardmer]] |- | 88197 | 88120 | [[Gerbamont]] |- | 88198 | 88430 | [[Gerbépal]] |- | 88199 | 88320 | [[Gignéville]] |- | 88200 | 88390 | [[Gigney]] |- | 88201 | 88390 | [[Girancourt]] |- | 88202 | 88500 | [[Gircourt-lès-Viéville]] |- | 88203 | 88600 | [[Girecourt-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88205 | 88340 | [[Girmont-Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88206 | 88170 | [[Gironcourt-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88208 | 88410 | [[Godoncourt]] |- | 88209 | 88190 | [[Golbey]] |- | 88210 | 88270 | [[Gorhey]] |- | 88212 | 88350 | [[Grand (Vosegus)|Grand]] |- | 88213 | 88490 | [[La Grande-Fosse]] |- | 88215 | 88210 | [[Grandrupt]] |- | 88214 | 88240 | [[Grandrupt-de-Bains]] |- | 88216 | 88600 | [[Grandvillers]] |- | 88218 | 88640 | [[Granges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88219 | 88630 | [[Greux]] |- | 88220 | 88410 | [[Grignoncourt]] |- | 88221 | 88240 | [[Gruey-lès-Surance]] |- | 88222 | 88600 | [[Gugnécourt]] |- | 88223 | 88450 | [[Gugney-aux-Aulx]] |- | 88224 | 88330 | [[Hadigny-les-Verrières]] |- | 88225 | 88220 | [[Hadol]] |- | 88226 | 88270 | [[Hagécourt]] |- | 88227 | 88300 | [[Hagnéville-et-Roncourt]] |- | 88228 | 88330 | [[Haillainville]] |- | 88229 | 88300 | [[Harchéchamp]] |- | 88230 | 88700 | [[Hardancourt]] |- | 88231 | 88800 | [[Haréville]] |- | 88232 | 88300 | [[Harmonville]] |- | 88233 | 88270 | [[Harol]] |- | 88234 | 88240 | [[Harsault]] |- | 88235 | 88240 | [[Hautmougey]] |- | 88236 | 88240 | [[La Haye (Vosegus)|La Haye]] |- | 88237 | 88270 | [[Hennecourt]] |- | 88238 | 88260 | [[Hennezel]] |- | 88239 | 88130 | [[Hergugney]] |- | 88240 | 88600 | [[Herpelmont]] |- | 88241 | 88170 | [[Houécourt]] |- | 88242 | 88300 | [[Houéville]] |- | 88243 | 88700 | [[Housseras]] |- | 88244 | 88430 | [[La Houssière]] |- | 88245 | 88210 | [[Hurbache]] |- | 88246 | 88500 | [[Hymont]] |- | 88247 | 88150 | [[Igney (Vosegus)|Igney]] |- | 88248 | 88320 | [[Isches]] |- | 88249 | 88300 | [[Jainvillotte]] |- | 88250 | 88550 | [[Jarménil]] |- | 88251 | 88700 | [[Jeanménil]] |- | 88252 | 88260 | [[Jésonville]] |- | 88253 | 88000 | [[Jeuxey]] |- | 88254 | 88500 | [[Jorxey]] |- | 88255 | 88630 | [[Jubainville]] |- | 88256 | 88640 | [[Jussarupt]] |- | 88257 | 88500 | [[Juvaincourt]] |- | 88258 | 88320 | [[Lamarche]] |- | 88259 | 88300 | [[Landaville]] |- | 88260 | 88130 | [[Langley (Vosegus)|Langley]] |- | 88261 | 88600 | [[Laval-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88262 | 88600 | [[Laveline-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88263 | 88640 | [[Laveline-du-Houx]] |- | 88264 | 88270 | [[Légéville-et-Bonfays]] |- | 88265 | 88300 | [[Lemmecourt]] |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88266 | 88600 | [[Lépanges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88267 | 88260 | [[Lerrain]] |- | 88268 | 88490 | [[Lesseux]] |- | 88269 | 88400 | [[Liézey]] |- | 88270 | 88350 | [[Liffol-le-Grand]] |- | 88271 | 88800 | [[Lignéville]] |- | 88272 | 88410 | [[Lironcourt]] |- | 88273 | 88000 | [[Longchamp (Vosegus)|Longchamp]] |- | 88274 | 88170 | [[Longchamp-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88275 | 88490 | [[Lubine]] |- | 88276 | 88490 | [[Lusse]] |- | 88277 | 88110 | [[Luvigny]] |- | 88278 | 88170 | [[Maconcourt]] |- | 88279 | 88270 | [[Madecourt]] |- | 88280 | 88450 | [[Madegney]] |- | 88281 | 88270 | [[Madonne-et-Lamerey]] |- | 88282 | 88240 | [[Le Magny (Vosegus)|Le Magny]] |- | 88283 | 88140 | [[Malaincourt]] |- | 88284 | 88650 | [[Mandray]] |- | 88285 | 88800 | [[Mandres-sur-Vair]] |- | 88286 | 88130 | [[Marainville-sur-Madon]] |- | 88287 | 88320 | [[Marey (Vosegus)|Marey]] |- | 88288 | 88270 | [[Maroncourt]] |- | 88289 | 88320 | [[Martigny-les-Bains]] |- | 88290 | 88300 | [[Martigny-les-Gerbonvaux]] |- | 88291 | 88410 | [[Martinvelle]] |- | 88292 | 88500 | [[Mattaincourt]] |- | 88293 | 88630 | [[Maxey-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88294 | 88150 | [[Mazeley]] |- | 88295 | 88500 | [[Mazirot]] |- | 88296 | 88140 | [[Médonville]] |- | 88297 | 88600 | [[Méménil]] |- | 88298 | 88700 | [[Ménarmont]] |- | 88302 | 88160 | [[Le Ménil]] |- | 88300 | 88210 | [[Ménil-de-Senones]] |- | 88299 | 88500 | [[Mansile in Sanctesio]] |- | 88301 | 88700 | [[Ménil-sur-Belvitte]] |- | 88303 | 88630 | [[Midrevaux]] |- | 88304 | 88500 | [[Mirecurtium]] |- | 88305 | 88630 | [[Moncel-sur-Vair]] |- | 88306 | 88210 | [[Le Mont]] |- | 88309 | 88800 | [[Monthureux-le-Sec]] |- | 88310 | 88410 | [[Monthureux-sur-Saône]] |- | 88307 | 88320 | [[Mont-lès-Lamarche]] |- | 88308 | 88300 | [[Mont-lès-Neufchâteau]] |- | 88311 | 88240 | [[Montmotier]] |- | 88312 | 88170 | [[Morelmaison]] |- | 88313 | 88330 | [[Moriville]] |- | 88314 | 88320 | [[Morizécourt]] |- | 88315 | 88600 | [[Mortagne (Vosegus)|Mortagne]] |- | 88316 | 88140 | [[Morville (Vosegus)|Morville]] |- | 88317 | 88210 | [[Moussey (Vosegus)|Moussey]] |- | 88318 | 88700 | [[Moyemont]] |- | 88319 | 88420 | [[Moyenmoutier]] |- | 88320 | 88100 | [[Nayemont-les-Fosses]] |- | 88321 | 88300 | [[Neocastrum]] |- | 88322 | 88600 | [[La Neuveville-devant-Lépanges]] |- | 88324 | 88170 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88325 | 88800 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88326 | 88100 | [[Neuvillers-sur-Fave]] |- | 88327 | 88440 | [[Nomexy]] |- | 88328 | 88470 | [[Nompatelize]] |- | 88330 | 88260 | [[Nonville (Vosegus)|Nonville]] |- | 88331 | 88600 | [[Nonzeville]] |- | 88332 | 88800 | [[Norroy]] |- | 88333 | 88700 | [[Nossoncourt]] |- | 88334 | 88500 | [[Oëlleville]] |- | 88335 | 88500 | [[Offroicourt]] |- | 88336 | 88170 | [[Ollainville (Vosegus)|Ollainville]] |- | 88338 | 88700 | [[Ortoncourt]] |- | 88340 | 88700 | [[Padoux]] |- | 88341 | 88100 | [[Pair-et-Grandrupt]] |- | 88342 | 88330 | [[Pallegney]] |- | 88343 | 88800 | [[Parey-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88344 | 88350 | [[Pargny-sous-Mureau]] |- | 88345 | 88490 | [[La Petite-Fosse]] |- | 88346 | 88210 | [[La Petite-Raon]] |- | 88347 | 88270 | [[Pierrefitte (Vosegus)|Pierrefitte]] |- | 88348 | 88600 | [[Pierrepont-sur-l'Arentèle]] |- | 88349 | 88230 | [[Plainfaing]] |- | 88350 | 88170 | [[Pleuvezain]] |- | 88351 | 88370 | [[Plumberae]] |- | 88352 | 88300 | [[Pompierre]] |- | 88353 | 88260 | [[Pont-lès-Bonfays]] |- | 88354 | 88500 | [[Pont-sur-Madon]] |- | 88355 | 88330 | [[Portieux]] |- | 88356 | 88600 | [[Les Poulières]] |- | 88357 | 88500 | [[Poussay]] |- | 88358 | 88550 | [[Pouxeux]] |- | 88359 | 88600 | [[Prey (Vosegus)|Prey]] |- | 88360 | 88260 | [[Provenchères-lès-Darney]] |- | 88361 | 88490 | [[Provenchères-sur-Fave]] |- | 88362 | 88210 | [[Le Puid]] |- | 88363 | 88630 | [[Punerot]] |- | 88364 | 88500 | [[Puzieux (Vosegus)|Puzieux]] |- | 88365 | 88270 | [[Racécourt]] |- | 88366 | 88170 | [[Rainville (Vosegus)|Rainville]] |- | 88367 | 88700 | [[Rambervillers]] |- | 88368 | 88500 | [[Ramecourt (Vosegus)|Ramecourt]] |- | 88369 | 88160 | [[Ramonchamp]] |- | 88370 | 88270 | [[Rancourt (Vosegus)|Rancourt]] |- | 88371 | 88220 | [[Rapo ad Silvas]] |- | 88372 | 88110 | [[Rapo ad Stationem]] |- | 88373 | 88110 | [[Raon-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88374 | 88130 | [[Rapey]] |- | 88375 | 88520 | [[Raves (Vosegus)|Raves]] |- | 88376 | 88300 | [[Ribovilla]] |- | 88377 | 88410 | [[Rainharii villa]] |- | 88378 | 88450 | [[Regney]] |- | 88379 | 88330 | [[Ranconis curtis]] |- | 88380 | 88640 | [[Rehaupal]] |- | 88381 | 88260 | [[Relangia]] |- | 88382 | 88500 | [[Rimacuria]] |- | 88383 | 88200 | [[Romarici Mons]] |- | 88386 | 88100 | [[Remomeix]] |- | 88385 | 88800 | [[Romulficuria]] |- | 88387 | 88170 | [[Ramaldi villa]] |- | 88388 | 88390 | [[Renauvoid]] |- | 88389 | 88500 | [[Reparium]] |- | 88390 | 88320 | [[Roberticuria]] |- | 88391 | 88120 | [[Rochesson]] |- | 88394 | 88320 | [[Romania ad Silvas]] |- | 88395 | 88700 | [[Rotmundum]] |- | 88398 | 88600 | [[Les Rouges-Eaux]] |- | 88399 | 88460 | [[Le Roulier]] |- | 88400 | 88500 | [[Ruvera in Sanctesio]] |- | 88401 | 88170 | [[Roverium (Vosegus)|Roverium]] |- | 88402 | 88700 | [[Rovilla ad Quercus]] |- | 88403 | 88500 | [[Roserota]] |- | 88404 | 88320 | [[Roseriae supra Mosunam]] |- | 88406 | 88130 | [[Rugney]] |- | 88407 | 88630 | [[Ruppes]] |- | 88408 | 88360 | [[Rupt-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88409 | 88120 | [[Saint-Amé]] |- | 88411 | 88260 | [[Sanctus Basolimons]] |- | 88412 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Benedictus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Benedictus]] |- | 88413 | 88100 | [[Sanctus Deodatus (urbs)|Sanctus Deodatus]] |- | 88410 | 88700 | [[Sancta Barbara (Vosegus)|Sancta Barbara]] |- | 88418 | 88700 | [[Sancta Helena (Vosegus)|Sancta Helena]] |- | 88424 | 88100 | [[Sancta Margareta (Vosegus)|Sancta Margareta]] |- | 88415 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam]] |- | 88416 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Genesius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Genesius]] |- | 88417 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Gorgonius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Gorgonius]] |- | 88419 | 88210 | [[Saint-Jean-d'Ormont]] |- | 88421 | 88410 | [[Sanctus Iulianus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Iulianus]] |- | 88423 | 88650 | [[Sanctus Leonardus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Leonardus]] |- | 88425 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Mauricius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Mauricius]] |- | 88426 | 88560 | [[Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88427 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Memmius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Memmius]] |- | 88428 | 88470 | [[Saint-Michel-sur-Meurthe]] |- | 88429 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Nabor (Vosegus)|Sanctus Nabor]] |- | 88430 | 88140 | [[Sanctus Audoenus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Audoenus]] |- | 88431 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Paulus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Paulus]] |- | 88432 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Petrimons]] |- | 88433 | 88500 | [[Sanctus Pancratius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Pancratius]] |- | 88434 | 88800 | [[Sancti Remigii Mons (Vosegus)|Sancti Remigii Mons]] |- | 88435 | 88480 | [[Sanctus Remigius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Remigius]] |- | 88436 | 88210 | [[Sanctus Stephanus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Stephanus]] |- | 88437 | 88270 | [[Sanctus Valerius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Valerius]] |- | 88438 | 88470 | [[La Salle (Vosegus)|La Salle]] |- | 88439 | 88390 | [[Sanchey]] |- | 88440 | 88170 | [[Sandaucuria]] |- | 88441 | 88260 | [[Sans-Vallois]] |- | 88442 | 88120 | [[Sapois (Vosegus)|Sapois]] |- | 88443 | 88300 | [[Sartes]] |- | 88444 | 88210 | [[Le Saulcy]] |- | 88445 | 88580 | [[Salicetum (Vosegus)|Salicetum]] |- | 88446 | 88140 | [[Salsurae (Vosegus)|Salsurae]] |- | 88447 | 88290 | [[Salsuriae]] |- | 88448 | 88140 | [[Seivilla]] |- | 88449 | 88130 | [[Saviniacum (Vosegus)|Saviniacum]] |- | 88450 | 88320 | [[Senagda]] |- | 88451 | 88210 | [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senonia]] |- | 88452 | 88260 | [[Senonges]] |- | 88453 | 88630 | [[Seromons]] |- | 88454 | 88600 | [[Sarcus (Vosegus)|Sarcus]] |- | 88455 | 88320 | [[Sirecuria]] |- | 88456 | 88320 | [[Serocourt]] |- | 88457 | 88630 | [[Seona (Vosegus)|Seona]] |- | 88458 | 88130 | [[Solicuria]] |- | 88459 | 88170 | [[Soncuria]] |- | 88460 | 88630 | [[Solicia]] |- | 88461 | 88140 | [[Serewavilla]] |- | 88462 | 88120 | [[Le Syndicat]] |- | 88463 | 88100 | [[Tinctorivus]] |- | 88464 | 88460 | [[Tendon (Vosegus)|Tendon]] |- | 88465 | 88150 | [[Tado]] |- | 88466 | 88800 | [[Tillia]] |- | 88467 | 88290 | [[Thiéfosse]] |- | 88468 | 88160 | [[Le Thillot]] |- | 88469 | 88500 | [[Tirocuria]] |- | 88470 | 88530 | [[Le Tholy]] |- | 88471 | 88410 | [[Les Thons]] |- | 88472 | 88260 | [[Thuillières]] |- | 88473 | 88320 | [[Tignécourt]] |- | 88474 | 88300 | [[Tellum (Vosegus)|Tellum]] |- | 88475 | 88320 | [[Toteleni curtis]] |- | 88476 | 88500 | [[Totoni villa]] |- | 88477 | 88350 | [[Trampodium]] |- | 88478 | 88300 | [[Tranculfi villa]] |- | 88479 | 88240 | [[Trémonzey]] |- | 88480 | 88130 | [[Ubexy]] |- | 88481 | 88220 | [[Uriménil]] |- | 88482 | 88140 | [[Eurivilla]] |- | 88483 | 88390 | [[Ursiniacum]] |- | 88484 | 88220 | [[Usminga]] |- | 88485 | 88140 | [[La Vacheresse-et-la-Rouillie]] |- | 88486 | 88120 | [[Vainiacum]] |- | 88487 | 88340 | [[Le Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88488 | 88270 | [[Valefridicurtis]] |- | 88489 | 88270 | [[Vallis Regia (Vosegus)|Vallis Regia]] |- | 88490 | 88800 | [[Vallis Regia Sicca]] |- | 88491 | 88260 | [[Tres Valesii]] |- | 88492 | 88230 | [[Le Valtin]] |- | 88493 | 88450 | [[Varmonzey]] |- | 88494 | 88500 | [[Vaubexy]] |- | 88495 | 88000 | [[Waldinivilla]] |- | 88496 | 88140 | [[Valdonis curtis (Vosegus)|Valdonis curtis]] |- | 88497 | 88330 | [[Wauxoncuria]] |- | 88498 | 88200 | [[Vecoux]] |- | 88499 | 88270 | [[Velotte-et-Tatignécourt]] |- | 88500 | 88310 | [[Ventron]] |- | 88501 | 88210 | [[Le Vermont]] |- | 88502 | 88600 | [[Vervezelle]] |- | 88503 | 88110 | [[Vexaincourt]] |- | 88504 | 88170 | [[Vicherey]] |- | 88505 | 88430 | [[Vienville]] |- | 88506 | 88210 | [[Vieux-Moulin (Vosegus)|Vieux-Moulin]] |- | 88507 | 88500 | [[Villers (Vosegus)|Villers]] |- | 88508 | 88270 | [[Ville-sur-Illon]] |- | 88509 | 88150 | [[Villoncourt]] |- | 88510 | 88320 | [[Villotte]] |- | 88511 | 88350 | [[Villouxel]] |- | 88512 | 88600 | [[Viménil]] |- | 88513 | 88450 | [[Vincey]] |- | 88514 | 88170 | [[Viocourt]] |- | 88515 | 88260 | [[Vioménil]] |- | 88516 | 88800 | [[Vittel]] |- | 88517 | 88260 | [[Viviers-le-Gras]] |- | 88518 | 88500 | [[Viviers-lès-Offroicourt]] |- | 88519 | 88470 | [[La Voivre (Vosegus)|La Voivre]] |- | 88520 | 88240 | [[Les Voivres]] |- | 88521 | 88700 | [[Vomécourt]] |- | 88522 | 88500 | [[Vomécourt-sur-Madon]] |- | 88523 | 88170 | [[Vouxey]] |- | 88524 | 88140 | [[Vrécourt]] |- | 88525 | 88500 | [[Vroville]] |- | 88526 | 88520 | [[Wisembach]] |- | 88527 | 88700 | [[Xaffévillers]] |- | 88528 | 88460 | [[Xamontarupt]] |- | 88529 | 88130 | [[Xaronval]] |- | 88530 | 88220 | [[Scatiniacum]] |- | 88531 | 88400 | [[Xonrupt-Longemer]] |- | 88532 | 88330 | [[Zincourt]] |} {{Indices communium praefecturarum Franciae}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi|!]] k0625zw8tnqqf7v6nym55q4q3lfrfnw 0 127446 3966982 3940490 2026-06-27T06:34:04Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:De Architectura027.jpg|thumb|upright=1.75|Manuscriptum operis ''De architectura'' [[Vitruvius|Vitruviani]]. [[Charta pergamena]] anno fere 1390 scripta. Collectus Wolbert H. M. Vroom [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodamensis]]]] {{ores|De Architectura}} est opus solum nobis servatum auctoris Latini [[Marcus Vitruvius Pollio|M. Vitruvii Pollionis]], qui temporibus [[Augustus (imperator)|Augusti]] floruit Augustoque ipso librum suum dicavit. Opus libros decem continet, qui rationes architecturae disputant: {{Series versibus numeratis dissaepta|numeratio=I | [[Virtus|Virtutes]] architecti | [[Materia]]e aedificandi earumque usus | [[Templum|Templa]] generatim tractata atque aedes Ionicae | Ordines [[columna]]rum | Aedificia publica | [[Domus]] et villae | Supellex | Aedificatio in aqua | [[Horologium|Horologia]] | Tollenes et machinae belli }} Vitruvii de [[architectura]] fundamenta sunt: # [[firmitas]] → aedificium longe durandum est. # [[utilitas]] → aedificium usui aptum faciendum est. # [[venustas]] → aedificium pulchrum faciendum est. [[Fasciculus:Vitruvius ed. Como 1521 tp.jpg|thumb|Titulus operis [[Marcus Vitruvius Pollio|M. Vitruvii Pollionis]] ''De architectura'', Italiane a [[Caesar Caesarianus|Caesare Caesariano]] versi, [[Novum Comum|Comi]] anno [[1521]] primum editi ([[Institutum Getty]] [[Angelopolis|Angelopolitanum]])]] E Vitruvio, ut rectus et confectus architectus sit, studendum est ius, geometria, medicina etc. Opus Vitruvii praesertim mensurarum proportiones tractat, quibus observatis [[symmetria]] sequatur. Mensurae rectae ex partibus corporis hominis sicut ex pede, cubito digitoque, efficiuntur. Hae proportiones deinde ad aedificandum accommodantur, sicut ad partes columnarum. == Fortuna operis == Liber ''De architectura'' inscriptus post antiquitatem effectum magnum apud architectos habuit. Praesertim [[acustica architectonica|architecti renascentiae]] Vitruvianas aedificiorum perfectorum formas suas fecerunt easque ad nova aedificia aedificanda accommodaverunt. Praesertim grati fuerunt antiqui columnarum ordines. Libri legi possunt apud https://web.archive.org/web/20150402213303/http://architectura.cesr.univ-tours.fr/Traite/Auteur/Vitruve.asp?param == Bibliographia == ; Editiones et versiones * 1497: ''Hoc in volumine haec opera continentur. Cleonidae harmonicum introductorium, interprete Giorgio Valla Placentino; L. Vitruvii Pollionis De architectura libri decem ...'' Venetiis: per Simonem Papiensem dictum Bivilaquam [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008802205 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1511: [[Ioannes Iocundus]], ed., ''M. Vitruvius per Iocundum solito castigatior factus cum figuris et tabula ut iam legi et intellegi possit''. Venetiis: Tacuino [https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-rbsc_blc_m-vitruvius-per-Iocundum-solito_folioNA2517V71511b-2998 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [https://archive.org/details/mvitrvvivsperioc00vitr alius] * 1513: ''Vitruvius iterum et Frontinus a Iocundo revisi repurgatique quantum ex collatione licuit'' (Florentiae: sumptibus Philippi de Giunta) [https://archive.org/details/vitrvvivsitervme00vitr Textus] * 1521: [[Caesar Caesarianus]], interpr., ''Di Lucio Vitruvio Pollione De architectura libri decem, traducti de latino in vulgare, affigurati, commentati, et con mirando ordine insigniti''. Nel amoena et delectevole Citate de Como: per Magistro Gotardus da Ponte [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008262210 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1522: ''M. Vitruvii De architectura libri decem, nuper maxima diligentia castigati atque excusi ...'' Florentiae: per haeredes Philippi Iuntae [https://archive.org/details/mvitrvviidearchi00vitr Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1523: ''M. Vitruvii De architectura libri decem, summa diligentia recogniti atque excusi, cum nonnullis figuris nunquam antea impraessis; additis Iulii Frontini De aqueductibus libris''. Lugduni: Guill. Huyon [https://archive.org/details/vitrvviidearchit00vitr Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1536: Gianbatista Caporali, interpr., ''Vetruvio. Architettura con il svo comento et figvre''. In Perugia: nella stamparia del conte Iano Bigazzini [https://archive.org/details/vetrvvioconilsvo00vitr Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1543: Gualtherus H. Ryff, ed., ''M. Vitruvii viri suae professionis peritissimi De architectura libri decem ad Augustum Caesarem ...'' Argentorati, In officina Knoblochiana [https://archive.org/details/mvitrvviivirisva00vitr Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1547: Jan Martin, interpr., ''Architecture ou Art de bien bastir de Marc Vitruve Pollion''. Parisiis: Jacques Goujon [https://archive.org/details/architectureouar00vitr Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1552: [[Gulielmus Philander]], ed., ''M. Vitruvii Pollionis De architectura libri decem ad Caesarem Augustum''. Lugduni: apud Ioan. Tornaesium [https://archive.org/details/pollionisdearchi00vitr Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1556: Daniel Barbaro, interpr., ''I dieci libri dell'architettura di M. Vitruvio''. In Vinegia: per Francesco Marcolini [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125009320074 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1899: Valentinus Rose, ed., ''Vitruvii De architectura libri decem''. Lipsiae: Teubner [https://archive.org/details/vitruviidearchit00vitr_0 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1912: F. Krohn, ed., ''Vitruvii de Architectura''. Lipsiae: Teubner. [Textus] apud PHI. * 1931: Frank Granger, ed. et interpr., ''Vitruvius: On architecture''. Londinii: Heinemann. 2 voll. (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'')[https://archive.org/details/vitruviusonarchi00vitruoft/page/n9 vol. 1] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1985: [[Philippus Fleury]] (L. Callebat adiuvante), ed. interpr. et comment. ''Vitruve. De architectura. Livre X''. Lutetiae: [[Les Belles Lettres]], ([[Collection Budé]]). * 1990: Philippus Fleury, ed. interpr. et comment.''Vitruve. De architectura. Livre I''. Lutetiae: [[Les Belles Lettres]], ([[Collection Budé]]). * 1999: Ingrid Rowland, interpr., ''Vitruvius: Ten Books on Architecture''. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 1999 ; Eruditio * Bodo Ebhardt, ''Die Zehn Bücher der Architektur des Vitruv und ihre Herausgegeber seit 1484, mit einem Verzeichnis der vorhandenen Ausgaben und Erläuterungen nach der Sammlung solcher im Besitz des Verfassers''. Berolini: Burgverlag (1918) [https://archive.org/details/diezehnbcherde00ebhauoft Textus] * {{Fabricius Latina}} pp. 287-292 * Krimpen-Winckel, L. M., ''Ordinatio et dispositio: design and meaning in Pompeian private architecture'' Lugduni Batavorum: Leiden University, 2009 {{NexInt}} * [[Homo Vitruvianus]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|De Architectura|De Architecturam}} * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/vitruvius.html ''De architectura'' libri decem] apud [[The Latin Library]] * [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/home.html Textus] apud ''Lacus Curtius'' * [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0073 Textus cum versione Anglica] apud ''Perseus'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110523033534/http://agoraclass.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/intro.htm#vit ''De architectura'' I-IV, VII-VIII Latine et Francogallice] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110318004331/http://architectura.cesr.univ-tours.fr/Traite/Auteur/Vitruve.asp?param= De Vitruvio] [[Categoria:Augustus]] [[Categoria:Italiae scripta]] [[Categoria:Libri de architectura]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae aevi Augustani]] [[Categoria:Marcus Vitruvius Pollio]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 1 a.C.n.]] ez8u1r092gfw3nddwjzvmwcxtl5fh9d 0 128297 3966905 3795238 2026-06-26T20:06:28Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 De forma Latina praenominis apud Ephemeridem 3966905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Shirin Ebadi''', sive Latine '''Sirin''',<ref>{{Opus|cognomen 1=|nomen 1=|titulus=NUNTII HEBDOMADIS (07 - 13.11.2004). Breves|annus=2004|domus editoria=Ephemeris|url=http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2004/nuntii/eph21/index.php}}: “Diarium '''Sirin Ebadi''', cui mulieri Persae anno bis milesimo tertio premium Nobelianum pacis attributum est, in USA in lucem edi non potest,”.</ref> seu litteris Arabo-Persicis شیرین عبادی ''Šīrīn ʿIbādi'' (nata [[Ecbatana|Ecbatanis]] die [[21 Iunii]] [[1947]]) est [[causidicus|causidica]] et [[activismus|activista]] [[Irania|Iranica]] quae pro [[iurum humanorum defensor|iuribus humanis pugnat]]. Alumna est [[universitas Teheranensis|universitatis Teheranensis]] ubi aliquot annos docuit. Opera sua [[impubes|impuberum]] et [[iura mulierum|mulierum]] iuribus, [[ius ad asylum|iuri ad asylum]] et [[democratia]]e contra [[Irania]]e tyranniam dicata est. [[Praemium Nobelianum pacis componendae|Praemio Nobeliano Pacis Componendae]] ut prima [[femina]] [[religio Islamica|Islamica]] anno [[2003]] laudatur, homorarium suum tamen ab Iraniae auctoritatibus anno [[2009]] abductum est. [[Legio Honoris|Legionem Honoris]] accepit anno [[2006]] et [[exsilium]] in [[Londinium]] acquisit.{{dubsig}} == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} *[[Narges Mohammadi]] == Nexus externi == [[Fasciculus:Shirin Ebadi em coletiva de imprensa - Fronteiras do Pensamento São Paulo 2011 (5829157550).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Shirin Ebadi [[Paulopolis|Paulopoli]] in urbe anno [[2011]] de iuribus humanis promovendis loquens]] {{CommuniaCat|Shirin Ebadi}} * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2003/ De Schirin Ebadi] in pagina Nobeliano Pacis Praemio dicata {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Lifetime|1947||Ebadi, Shirin}} [[Categoria:Eruditi Iraniae]] [[Categoria:Causidici]] [[Categoria:Iura humana]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Pacis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Teheranensis]] 2a310dk147915a9hbojxyol9polxk8s 0 132029 3966887 3962853 2026-06-26T19:39:36Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} [[File:Capital punishment in the world purple-green.svg|thumb|500px| {{legend|#742881|Poena capitalis adhuc factitata}} {{legend|#c3a4cf|Poena capitalis in legibus servata sed non ultra factitata (ultimos deciem annos post quiddam decretum moratorium nulla poena capitalis sublata est)}} {{legend|#add4a0|Poena capitalis abrogata, nihilominus servata ad tempora peculiaria (e.g. [[bellum|belli]])}} {{legend|#1b7939|Poena capitalis omnino abrogata}}]] In aliquibus nationibus, praesertim ubi adhuc factitatur, usus [[poena capitalis|poenae capitalis]] est saepe [[disputatio|disputatus]] vel aliquando maxime [[controversia|controversus]]. == Argumenta [[philosophia|philosophica]] == === Pro === Defensores poenae capitalis eam dicunt fas esse crudelissimis in causis velut [[necator serialis|necatorum serialium]], [[Necator infantium|necatorum infantium]], [[nex cum supplicio facta|necis cum supplicio factae]]<!--"torture murder"-->, [[Tromocratia|facinorum tromocraticorum]]. Hoc argumentum valenter a [[Robert Blecker Wants Me Dead|Roberto Blecker]], [[ius|iuris]] [[professor]]e [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]], propositum,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110920225545/http://www.nyls.edu/faculty/faculty_profiles/robert_blecker.</ref> dicit enim poenam tam gravem debere esse quam facinus. Iniquum esse [[vita|vivos]] remanere eos, qui fecinora gesserint, aut quidem incarceratos. Etiam [[Immanuel Kantius]] poenam capitalem permisit. === Contra === Ei autem qui contra poenam capitalem sunt, eam pessimam esse transgressionem [[iura humana|iurum humanorum]] habent. [[Caesar Beccaria]] cum suo opus "''Dei dilitto e delle pene''" anno 1764 publicato poenam capitalem opposuit. [[Victor Hugo]], adhortatione die [[15 Septembris]] [[1848]] facta, inquit, "Poena capitalis signum illud speciale aeternumque est [[barbarismus|barbarismi]]."<ref group="c.">{{Ling|Francogallice}} "La peine de mort est le signe spécial et éternel de la barbarie."</ref> Etiam [[Fridericus Schleiermacher]] hanc opposuit. [[Narges Mohammadi]], laureatorix{{dubsig}} [[Praemium Nobelianum pacis|Praemii Nobeliani Pacis]] anno 2023, motum poenae capitalis abrogandae conata est. == Argumenta practica == === Res efficientes ad [[phyle]]m pertinentes in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] === Etsi [[duodecim]] centesimae civium Americanorum [[Afroamericani]] sunt, 34 centesimae eorum qui supplicium ex anno [[1976]] dederunt illius phylei sunt.<ref name=autogenerated2>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121203025340/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/046/2003 "United States of America: Death by discrimination: the continuing role of race in capital cases,"] Amnesty International].</ref> == Notae == <references/> === Latine conversa === <div class="references-small"><references group="c."/></div> [[Categoria:Ethica]] [[Categoria:Ius]] [[Categoria:Poena capitalis]] 3a1lv8r15z80ts1xl1k135912402bqy 0 135857 3966942 3945802 2026-06-26T21:21:07Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 3966942 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Esterno del teatro Ariston Festival di Sanremo 2026.jpg|thumb|[[Theatrum Ariston]], sedes feriarum Villae Matutiae, anno [[2026]].]] '''Feriae Villae Matutiae'''{{Convertimus}} ([[Italiane]] ''Festival di Sanremo''), rite '''Feriae Carminum Italianorum'''{{Convertimus}} (Italiane ''Festival della canzone italiana''), sunt certamina [[carmen|carminum]] et [[Honos|praemiorum]] populo gratissimae in [[Italia]], quae [[Villa Matutiae|Villae Matutiae]] in [[urbs|urbe]] [[Liguria|Ligustina]] quotannis ex anno [[1951]] habentur. Feriarum victor pro Italia apud [[certamen cantionum Eurovisionis]] canet. == Victores == * 1951: [[Nilla Pizzi]] - ''Grazie dei fiori'' * 1952: Nilla Pizzi - ''Vola colomba'' * 1953: [[Carola Boni]] et [[Flo Sandon's]] - ''Viale d'autunno'' * 1954: [[Georgius Consolini]] et [[Ludovicus Latilla]] - ''Tutte le mamme'' * 1955: [[Claudius Villa]] et [[Tullius Pane]] - ''Buongiorno tristezza'' * 1956: [[Franca Raimondi]] - ''Aprite le finestre'' * 1957: Claudius Villa et [[Nuntius Gallo]] - ''Corde della mia chitarra'' * 1958: [[Dominicus Modugno]] et [[Ioannes Dorelli]] - ''Nel blu dipinto di blu (Volare)'' * 1959: Dominicus Modugno et Ioannes Dorelli - ''Piove (Ciao ciao bambina)'' * 1960: [[Antonius Dallara]] et [[Renatus Rascel]] - ''Romantica'' * 1961: [[Betty Curtis]] et [[Lucianus Tajoli]] - ''Al di là'' * 1962: Dominicus Modugno et Claudius Villa - ''Addio addio'' * 1963: [[Antonius Renis]] et [[Aemilius Pericoli]] - ''Uno per tutte'' * 1964: [[Gigliola Cinquetti|Liliola Cinquetti]] et [[Patricia Carli]] - ''Non ho l'età (Per amarti)'' * 1965: [[Bobby Solo]] et [[New Christy Minstrels|Novi Musici Christiani]] - ''Se piangi se ridi'' * 1966: [[Dominicus Modugno]] et [[Gigliola Cinquetti|Liliola Cinquetti]] - ''Dio come ti amo'' * 1967: Claudius Villa et [[Iva Zanicchi]] - ''Non pensare a me'' * 1968: [[Sergius Endrigo]] et [[Robertus Carolus (cantor)|Roberto Carlos]] - ''Canzone per te'' * 1969: Bobby Solo et [[Iva Zanicchi]] - ''Zingara'' * 1970: [[Hadrianus Celentano]] et [[Claudia Mori]] - ''Chi non lavora non fa l'amore'' * 1971: [[Nada Malanima|Nada]] et [[Nicolaus Di Bari]] - ''Il cuore è uno zingaro'' * 1972: [[Nicolaus Di Bari]] - ''I giorni dell'arcobaleno'' * 1973: [[Iosephus Di Capri]] - ''Un grande amore e niente più'' * 1974: [[Iva Zanicchi]] - ''Ciao cara, come stai?'' * 1975: [[Gilda (cantrix)|Gilda]] - ''Ragazza del sud'' * 1976: Iosephus Di Capri - ''Non lo faccio più'' * 1977: [[Homo Sapiens (musica)|Homo Sapiens]] - ''Bella da morire'' * 1978: [[Matia Bazar]] - ''…E dirsi ciao!'' * 1979: [[Mino Vergnaghi]] - ''Amare'' * 1980: [[Salvator Cutugno]] - ''Solo noi'' * 1981: [[Alicia (cantrix)|Alicia]] - ''Per Elisa'' * 1982: [[Ricardus Fogli]] - ''Storie di tutti i giorni'' * 1983: [[Titiana Rivale]] - ''Sarà quel che sarà'' * 1984: [[Albanus Carrisi|Al Bano]] et [[Romina Power]] - ''Ci sarà'' * 1985: [[Ricchi e Poveri]] - ''Se m'innamoro'' * 1986: [[Eros Ramazzotti]] - ''Adesso tu'' * 1987: [[Ioannes Morandi]], [[Humbertus Tozzi]], [[Henricus Ruggeri]] - ''Si può dare di più'' * 1988: [[Maximus Ranieri]] - ''Perdere l'amore'' * 1989: [[Anna Oxa]] et [[Faustus Leali]] - ''Ti lascerò'' * 1990: [[Pooh]] et [[Dee Dee Bridgewater]] - ''Uomini soli'' * 1991: [[Ricardus Cocciante]] et [[Sarah Jane Morris]] - ''Se stiamo insieme'' * 1992: [[Lucas Barbarossa]] - ''Portami a ballare'' * 1993: [[Henricus Ruggeri]] - ''Mistero'' * 1994: [[Alexander Baldi]] - ''Passerà'' * 1995: [[Georgia (cantrix)|Georgia]] - ''Come saprei'' * 1996: [[Ron (cantor)|Ron]] et [[Tusca (musica)|Tusca]] - ''Vorrei incontrarti fra 100 anni'' (sed dicitur vero [[Elio e le Storie Tese]] gregem vicisse carmine ''La terra dei cachi'') * 1997: [[Jalisse]] - ''Fiumi di parole'' * 1998: [[Anna Eisabetha Minetti|Anna Elisabetha Minetti]] - ''Senza te o con te'' * 1999: [[Anna Oxa]] - ''Senza pietà'' * 2000: [[Piccola Orchestra Avion Travel|Parva Synphonia Itineris Aerei]] - ''Sentimento'' * 2001: [[Elisabetha Toffoli|Elisa]] - ''Luce (Tramonti a nord est)'' * 2002: [[Matia Bazar]] - ''Messaggio d'amore'' * 2003: [[Alexia (cantrix)|Alexia]] - ''Per dire di no'' * 2004: [[Marcus Masini]] - ''L'uomo volante'' * 2005: [[Franciscus Renga]] - ''Angelo'' * 2006: [[Iosephus Povia|Povia]] - ''Vorrei avere il becco'' * 2007: [[Simon Cristicchi]] - ''Ti regalerò una rosa'' * 2008: [[Ioannes Di Tonno]] & [[Dolores Ponce]] - ''Colpo di fulmine'' * 2009: [[Marcus Carta]] - ''La forza mia'' * 2010: [[Valerius Scanu]] - ''Per tutte le volte che'' * 2011: [[Robertus Vecchioni]] - ''Chiamami ancora amore '' * 2012: [[Emma Marrone|Emma]] - ''Non è l'inferno'' * 2013: [[Marcus Mengoni]] - '' L'essenziale'' * 2014: [[Arisa (cantrix)|Arisa]] - ''Controvento'' * 2015: [[Il Volo]] - ''Grande amore'' * 2016: [[Stadium (musica)|Stadium]] - ''Un giorno mi dirai'' * 2017: [[Franciscus Gabbani]] - ''Occidentalis's Karma'' * 2018: [[Ermal Meta]] et [[Fabrizio Moro|Fabricius Moro]] - ''Non mi avete fatto niente'' *2019: [[Mahmood]] - ''Soldi'' *2020: [[Diodatus (cantor)|Diodatus]] - ''Fai rumore'' *2021: [[Måneskin]] - ''Zitti e buoni'' *2022: [[Mahmood]] et [[Blanco]] - ''Brividi'' *2023: [[Marcus Mengoni]] - ''Due vite'' *2024: [[Angelina Mango]] - ''La noia'' *2025: [[Olly]] - ''Balorda nostalgia'' *2026: [[Salvator Da Vinci]] - ''Per sempre sì'' == Victores inter iuvenes cantores == * 1984: [[Eros Ramazzotti]] - ''Terra promessa'' * 1985: [[Cynthia Corrado]] - ''Niente di più'' * 1986: [[Lena Biolcati]] - ''Grande grande amore'' * 1987: [[Michael Zarrillo]] - ''La notte dei pensieri'' * 1988: [[Future (musica)|Futura]] - ''Canta con noi'' * 1989: [[Mietta]] - ''Canzoni'' * 1990: [[Marcus Masini]] - ''Disperato'' * 1991: [[Paulus Vallesi]] - ''Le persone inutili'' * 1992: [[Alexander Baldi]] et [[Francesca Alotta]] - ''Non amarmi'' * 1993: [[Laura Pausini]] - ''La solitudine'' * 1994: [[Andreas Bocelli]] - ''Il mare calmo della sera'' * 1995: [[Neri per Caso]] - ''Le ragazze'' * 1996: [[Syria (cantrix)|Syria]] - ''Non ci sto'' * 1997: [[Paula et Clara]] - ''Amici come prima'' * 1998: [[Anna Elisabetha Minetti]] - ''Senza te o con te'' * 1999: [[Alexander Britti]] - ''Oggi sono io'' * 2000: [[Jenny B]] - ''Semplice sai'' * 2001: [[Gazosa]] - ''Stai con me (Forever)'' * 2002: [[Anna Tatangelo]] - ''Doppiamente fragili'' * 2003: [[Dolcenera]] - ''Siamo tutti là fuori'' * 2004: [Praemium iuvenibus non tributum est] * 2005: [[Laura Bono]] - ''Non credo nei miracoli'' * 2006: [[Ricardus Maffoni]] - ''Sole negli occhi'' * 2007: [[Fabricius Moro]] - ''Pensa'' * 2008: [[Sonohra]] - ''L'amore'' * 2009: [[Arisa (cantrix)|Arisa]] - ''Sincerità'' * 2010: [[Tony Maiello|Antonius Maiello]] - ''Il linguaggio della resa'' * 2011: [[Raphael Gualazzi]] - ''Follia d'amore '' * 2012: [[Alexander Casillo]] - ''È vero (Che ci sei)'' * 2013: [[Antonius Maggio]] - ''Mi servirebbe sapere'' * 2014: [[Rochus Hunt]] - '' Nu juorno buono'' * 2015: [[Ioannes Caccamo]] - ''Ritornerò da te'' * 2016: [[Franciscus Gabbani]] - ''Amen'' * 2017: [[Lele ]] - ''Ora mai'' * 2018: [[Ultimus (cantor)|Ultimus]] - ''Il ballo delle incertezze'' * 2019: [Praemium iuvenibus non tributum est] *2020: [[Leo Gassman]] - ''Vai bene così'' *2021: [[Gaudianus (cantor)|Gaudianus]] - ''Polvere da sparo'' *2025: [[September (cantor)|September]] - ''Vertebre'' *2026: [[Nicolaus Filippucci]] - ''Laguna'' == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Festival DI Sanremo|Ferias Villae Matutiae}} * [http://www.sanremo.rai.it/ Situs interretialis] apud [[RAI]]. {{ling|Italiane}}. == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Liguria]] [[Categoria:Musica Italica]] [[Categoria:Villa Matutiae]] m0yl62b4kl0ahhoqhpwhr2pw3gqxde2 0 137788 3966879 3714315 2026-06-26T18:10:32Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | image =Confuciusornis_sanctus_(2).jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = Specimen ''Confuciusornis sancti'' cum pari [[penna caudalis|pennarum caudalium]] | fossil_range = {{fossil range|125|120|r=[[Cretaceum]] inferius}} | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Aves]] | ordo = †[[Confuciusornithiformes]] | familia = †[[Confuciusornithidae]] | genus = '''''†Confuciusornis''''' | authority = <small> Hou et al., 1995</small> | type_species = ''Confuciusornis sanctus'' | type_species_authority = Hou et al. [[1995]] | subdivision_ranks = [[Species (taxinomia)|Species]] | subdivision = {{bold species list |{{extinct}}C. sanctus|Hou et al., 1995 |{{extinct}}C. dui|Hou et al., 1999 |{{extinct}}C. feducciai|Zhang et al., 2009 |{{extinct}}C. jianchangensis|Li, Wang & Hou, 2010}} | synonyms = * ''[[Jinzhouornis]]''? <small>Hou ''et al.'', 2002</small> }} '''''Confuciusornis''''' est [[exstinctio|exstinctum]] [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] primitivarum{{dubsig}} [[aves|avium]] [[magnitudo|magnitudinis]] [[Corvus|corvorum]], ex [[Formatio Yixian|Formatione Yixian]] et [[Formatio Jiufotang|Formatione Jiufotang]] [[Sinae (regio)|Sinarum]] [[Cretaceum|Cretacei]] ineuntis abhinc [[annus|annorum]] 125 ad 120 milliones effossum. Sicut aves hodiernae, ''Confuciusornis'' [[rostrum]] sine [[dens|dentibus]] habuit, sed artissimae avium hodiernarum propinquae, sicut ''[[Hesperornis]]'' et ''[[Ichthyornis]],'' dentes habuerunt, quod significat, ad amissionem dentium attinens, ''Confuciusornem'' et aves [[vita|vivas]] in unum versisse.<!--occurred convergently--> ''Confuciusornis'' est antiquissima avis nota cui erat rostrum.<ref>M. Ivanov, S. Hrdlickova, et R. Gregorova, ''The Complete Encyclopedia of Fossils. Rebo Publishers'' (Nederlandia: 2001), p.. 312.</ref> Genus ex [[Confucius|Confucio]] ([[551 a.C.n.]]–[[479 a.C.n.]]) [[philosophia|philosopho]] [[Sinae (regio)|Sinico]] appellatur. ''Confuciusornis'' est [[unus|unum]] ex abundantissimis [[vertebrata|vertebratis]] Formatione Yixian inventis, et nonnulla centies<!--?-- =several hundred--> speciminum omnino articulatorum inveniuntur.<ref name="xu&norell2006">X. Xu et M. A. Norell, "Non-Avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China." ''Geological Journal'' 41 (2006):419–437.</ref> == Descriptio == [[Fasciculus:Confuciusornis SIZE.png|thumb|left|150px|Magnitudo ''Confuciusornis'' et [[homo]].]] [[Fasciculus:ConfusornisSanctus-PaleozoologicalMuseumOfChina-May23-08.jpg|thumb|[[Fossile]] ''C. sancti'' longas pennas alarum et caudae conservat.]] ''Confuciusorni'' fuit magnitudo [[Columbidae|columbae]] hodiernae. [[Latitudo alarum]] fuit usque ad 0.7 m, et pondus [[corpus (physica)|corporis]] usque ad 1.5 kg aestimatur, vel minus quam 0.2 kg. Avis ''C. feducciai'' fuit [[tres|tertia]] parte longior quam media ''C. sancti'' specimina. <!--PLUS IN EN:--> [[Fasciculus:Confuciusornis 4.png|thumb|125px|Adumbratio [[os (ossis)|ossium]] [[ala]]rum ''Confuciusornis'']] [[Fasciculus:Confuciusornis sanctus.jpg|thumb|200px|Specimina ''C. sanctus'' [[cauda|caudis]] brevibus praedita in [[CosmoCaixa Barcelona]]]] == Phylogenia == ''[[Changchengornis hengdaoziensis]],'' confuciusornithidis arte cognata, etiam in Formatione Yixian [[habitatio|habitavit]]. Ea etiam longas [[penna]]s [[cauda]]les in paribus habuit, sicut nonnullae evolutiores{{dubsig}}<!--more advanced--> [[Enantiornithes]]. ==Notae==<!-- BullAmMusNatHist242:1; JVertPaleontol22:49; Zool.J.Linn.Soc.131:123;131:169; ZoolScripta35:363 --> <references /> == Bibliographia == * Dalsätt, J., Z. Zhou, F. Zhang, et Per G. P. Ericson. [[2006]]. Food remains in ''Confuciusornis sanctus'' suggest a fish diet. ''Naturwissenschaften'' 93(9):444–446. {{DOI|10.1007/s00114-006-0125-y}} HTML abstractum. * Hou, L., Z. Zhou, Y. Gu, et H. Zhang. [[1995]]. [Descriptio ''Confuciusornis sancti'']. ''Chinese Science Bulletin'' 10:61–63. * Hou, L.-H., Z. Zhou, L. D. Martin, et A. Feduccia. [[1995]]. A beaked bird from the Jurassic of China. ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' 377:16–618. {{DOI|10.1038/377616a0}} HTML abstractum. * de Ricqlès, A. J., K. Padian, J. R. Horner, E.-T. Lamm, et N. Myhrvold. [[2003]]. Osteohistology of ''Confuciusornis sanctus'' (Theropoda: Aves). ''[[Society of Vertebrate Paleontology|Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology]]'' 23(2):373–386. [[Digital Object Identifier|DOI]]:10.1671/0272–4634(2003)023[0373:OOCSTA]2.0.CO;2 [http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1671%2F0272-4634(2003)023%5B0373%3AOOCSTA%5D2.0.CO%3B2 HTML abstractum.] * Mayr, G, B. Pohl, et D. S. Peters. [[2005]]. A well-preserved ''Archaeopteryx'' specimen with theropod features. ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' 310(5753):1483–1486. {{DOI|10.1126/science.1120331}} PMID 16322455 HTML abstractum. [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/310/5753/1483/DC1 Materies sustinens interretialis.] * Senter, Phil. [[2006]]. Scapular orientation in theropods and basal birds, and the origin of flapping flight. ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'' 51(2):305–313. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061109040544/http://www.app.pan.pl/acta51/app51-305.pdf PDF.] * Zhou, Z., et F. Zhang. [[2003]]. ''Jeholornis'' compared to ''Archaeopteryx'', with a new understanding of the earliest avian evolution. ''Naturwissenschaften'' 90:220–225. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071027072956/http://www.ivpp.ac.cn/pdf/magazine206.pdf PDF.] == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722071636/http://www.uua.cn/Aves/UploadFiles/200705/20070531095737385.jpg De fossile bene conservato generi ''Confuciusorni'' tributo, ex Formatione Jiufotang,] apud situm uua.cn {{avis-stipula}} [[Categoria:Confuciusornithiformes]] [[Categoria:Dinosauria Asiae]] [[Categoria:Genera animalium]] [[Categoria:Genera avium ex hominibus appellata|Confucius]] [[Categoria:Taxa Hou]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1995]] t8cz32kong2m9ri4c8i7mthkekor6bo 0 148581 3966815 3749179 2026-06-26T13:55:26Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966815 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Codex Aleppensis''' fuit usque ad annum [[1947]], cum laesus est, antiquissimum exemplar integrum [[Tanach|Bibliorum Hebraicorum]], quod textum a [[Textus Masoreticus|Masoretis]] elaboratum praebet. Nunc 295 ex pristinis 487 (secundum alios: 480) foliis continet et [[Hierosolyma|Hierosolymis]] in [[Museum Israelis|Museo Israelis]] in [[Sanctuarium Libri|Sanctuario Libri]] asservatur. Anno [[2016]], [[UNESCO]] codicem Aleppensem in [[memoria mundi|memoriam mundi]] regissit.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/unesco-adds-aleppo-codex-to-registry-of-world-treasures/ UNESCO adds Aleppo Codex to registry of world treasures]</ref> == Origo == Consonantes [[Codex|codicis]] circa annum [[920]] in vel prope [[Tiberias|Tiberiam]] (Israel) a librario ''Sch'lomo ben Buya'a'' exscriptae sunt. Tum textus ab [[Aaron ben Ascher|Aaron ben Mosche ben Ascher]] diligenter examinatus, vocalizatus et notis Masoreticis auctus est. Ben Ascher fuit ultimus et notissimus homo gentis Ben Ascher ex Tiberia, qui accuratissimam Masorae et igitur Veteris Testamenti lectionem elaboravit.<br /> Codex a prinicipio exemplari esse debebat. Solis sollemnitatibus [[Pascha]], [[Sollemnitas Hebdomadarum|Hebdomadarum]] et [[Sollemnitas Tabernaculorum|Tabernaculorum]] ex eo recitabatur; alias Bibliorum peritis quaestionibus solvendis servibat. == Quae post codicem laesum contineatur == Initium et finis manuscripti nec non singulae paginae mediae desunt. Textus hodiernus ultimo verbo versus Deuteronomii 28,17 (ומשארתך, "et pistrinum tuum") incipit. Sequuntur libri Iosue, Iudicum, 1. Samuelis, 2. Samuelis, 1. regum, 2. regum, Isaiae, Ieremiae, Ezechielis, Osee, Ioel, Amos, Michaeae, Nahum, Habacuc, Sophoniae, Zachariae, Malachiae, 1. Paralipomenon, 2. Paralipomenon, Psalmorum, Iob, Proverbiorum, Ruth, Cantici Canticorum. Ultimum folium verbis בנות ציון ("filiae Sion") in Cantico Canticorum 3,11 finitur. Desunt: Finis Cantici Canticorum, Ecclesiastes, Lamentationes, Esther, Daniel, Esdra, Nehemia. == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Codex Cairensis]] * [[Codex Leningradensis]] == Bibliographia == * Ernst Würthwein: ''Der Text des Alten Testaments. Eine Einführung in die Biblia Hebraica.'' 4. ed. aucta. Württembergische Bibelanstalt, Stuttgardiae 1974, ISBN 3-438-06006-X. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Aleppo Codex|Codicem Aleppensem}} * [http://aleppocodex.org The Aleppo Codex Website] Textus integer (situs adhuc in statu nascendi) * [https://www.mgketer.org/kazms The Aleppo Codex - Mikraot Gedolot Haketer] (Hebrew) * [http://www.jerusalem-crown.co.il/website/files/images/4-eng25.pdf The History and Authority of the Aleppo Codex], a Yosef Ofer (pdf, Anglice; 182 kB) * [http://www.jerusalem-crown.co.il/website/files/images/OFER%20eng%20pg%2051-59.pdf The Jerusalem Crown and Its Editorial Principles], a Yosef Ofer (pdf, Anglice; 119 kB) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040413213903/http://www.imj.org.il/eng/shrine/aleppo.html Israel Museum], Sanctuarium Libri, Anglice * [http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=89078&package_id=93753 Textus Codicis Aleppensis] Download gratis datum pro [[MyBible]] (Freeware) * [http://www.bible-researcher.com/aleppo.html Historia Codicis Aleppensis], Anglice [[Categoria:Codices Biblici]] [[Categoria:Museum Israelis]] [[Categoria:Memoria mundi]] [[Categoria:Halapia]] h4nt61emezmzm2pslvulvyg40sh5uxq 0 151897 3966853 3966462 2026-06-26T15:55:27Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Epigraphici */ 3966853 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Autel taurobolique Lyon.jpg|thumb|300px|Ara taurobolica Lugdunensis.]] '''Taurobolium''' tempore [[Imperium Romanum|imperii Romani]] fuit [[sacrificium]] tauri [[Cybele|Cybelae]]<ref>Hederich, Benjamin: [http://www.zeno.org/nid/20002799588 "Cybele"] - apud: ''Gründliches mythologisches Lexikon'', Lipsiae 1770, col. 823-832</ref> [[Attis|Attidique]] ab [[Galli (sacerdotes)|archigallo]] et sacerdotibus eius peractum. Genitalia ("''vires''") victimae eximebantur et deae consecrabantur. Genus quoddam initii etiam erat taurobolium et in memoriam facti '''tauroboliati''' - sic enim appellabantur qui taurobolium perceperant- aras inscriptas ponere consecrareque solebant. Tales arae non tantum Romae in fundamentis basilicae Sancti Petri (quae inaedificata est in ipso loco quo antiquum Phrygianum steterat) sed etiam passim in provinciis occidentalibus -exempli gratia [[Lactora|Lactorae]] et [[Lugdunum|Lugduni]] in [[Gallia]]- plurimae ab archaeologis repertae sunt<ref>In '''Italia''' [[Antium (Latium)|Antii]], [[Augusta Taurinorum|Augustae Taurinorum]], [[Beneventum|Beneventi]], [[Brundisium|Brundisii]], [[Forum Popilii (Caserta)|Fori Popilii]], [[Formiae|Formiis]], [[Gabii|Gabiis]], [[Lavinium|Lavinii]], [[Ostia|Ostiae]], [[Rufrae|Rufris]], [[Teate|Teate Marrucinorum]]. In '''Gallia''' [[Alba Helviorum|Albae Helviorum]], [[Arausio|Arausione]], [[Burdigala|Burdigalae]], [[Reius|Coloniae Reiorum]], [[Dea Augusta Vocontiorum|Deae Augustae Vocontiorum]], [[Divodurum|Divoduri]], [[Lactora|Lactorae]], [[Lugdunum|Lugduni]], [[Narbo|Narbone]], [[Tegna|Tegnae]], [[Valentia (Francia)|Valentiae]], [[Vasio|Vasione]], [[Vesulum|Vesuli]], [[Vesunna|Vesunnae]], [[Vintium|Vintii]]. In '''Hispania''' [[Corduba|Cordubae]], [[Emerita Augusta|Emeritae Augustae]], [[Ossonoba|Ossonobae]], [[Pax Iulia (districtus)|Pace Iulia]]. In '''Africa''' [[Carthago|Carthagine]], [[Diana Veteranorum|Dianae Veteranorum]], [[Mactar|Mactare]], [[Mila|Milae]], [[Thibilis|Thibile]], [[Tipasa|Tipasae]]. </ref>. ==De etymologia et historia appellationis== ''Taurobolium'' est nomen Graecum compositum ex tauro et βόλος (verbum : βάλλειν), quem latine interpretari possumus "''iactum"'', id est iactum plagarum vel laquei in praedam. Etenim in inscriptione [[Pergamum|Pergamensi]] secundi saeculi a.C.n. taurobolium videtur significasse genus quoddam venationis lusoriae, qua iuvenes tauros laqueis captare conantur, qui postea immolantur<ref>Duthoy 122-125.</ref>. In Italia hoc nomen primum legitur in inscriptione [[Puteoli|Puteolis]] reperta et ad annum 134 p.C. relata ; quae ad cultum deae Caelestis pertinet, quae fortasse eadem fuit atque [[Tanit]] [[Carthago|Carthaginiensis]]. Ab anno vero 160 (quo anno prima mentio servata de taurobolio in cultu [[Cybele|Cybelae]] facta est) usque ad annum [[395]] haec appellatio nisi in monumentis cultus [[Cybele|Magnae Matris]] non legitur. Nec in hoc taurobolio ulla vestigia venationis permanent, sed de mero sacrificio, ut videtur, agitur. ==De coniecturis eruditorum hominum== [[Fasciculus:Taurobolium.jpg|right|thumb|Taurobolium. Imago incisa circa 1780 secundum Prudentii carmen.]] Hunc ritum male novimus : itaque multa ac dissona coniecerunt eruditi et historici religionum, quorum alteri testimonia Christianorum auctorum sequuntur (in primis [[Prudentii Peristephanon|Prudentii]]), alteri aspernantur tamquam odio [[Gentilitas|paganorum]] in peius detorta : apud Prudentium enim taurobolium velut [[Baptismus|baptismum]] sanguineum (et diabolicum) repraesentatur. Qui hoc sacrificium [[Cybele|Matri deorum]] dedicat in fossam descendit ita ut per cratem aspergatur cruore supra immolati tauri. E quo sanguine purificationem quandam renovationemque sibi sperat. De duabus tantum e plurimis coniecturis infra loquemur : ===An taurobolium castrationi substitutum sit?=== [[Fasciculus:AutelTaurobolique-Lectoure-Empereur.jpg|thumb|Ara taurobolica pro salute Augg. Antonii [[Gordianus III|Gordiani Pii]] et Sabinae Tranquillinae in civitate [[Lactora|Lactoratum]] erecta.]] Sacerdotes Cybelae eunuchi erant, qui [[Galli (sacerdotes)|Galli]] vocabantur. Tempore [[Imperatores Romani|Romanorum imperatorum]] dux eorum, archigallus dictus, civis Romanus est cui eunuchum fieri non licet. Itaque nonnulli docti homines coniecerunt, quoniam genitalia sua deae consecrare archigallus non iam poterat, ideo genitalia tauri in illorum locum substituta esse, quae ratio fuisset taurobolii tunc instituti. Alii contra dicunt respondentes ita fieri non potuisse, quia persaepe feminae sunt quae taurobolia dedicant et percipiunt. Nec tamen hoc responsum rem decidit : nam iam a principio, tam Romae quam [[Pessinus|Pessinunte]], par sacerdotum, mas et femina<ref>[[Dionysius Halicarnassensis|Dion. Hal]]. ''Ant Rom''. II,19,4.</ref>, cultum Magnae Matris curabant. Si sacerdos mas sese ipse castrabat, quo ritu femina sese deae suae consecrarit, nescimus. Fortasse, ut quae genitalia sua offerre nequibat, iamdudum vires tauri Cybelae offerre solebat, quod tunc temporis imitari coepisset et archigallus mas. Non liquet. ===An per tempora taurobolium mutationes acceperit?=== Robertus Duthoy, qui verba variis temporibus in inscriptionibus usitata accurate ac studiose recensuit, coniecturam proposuit tamquam tria tempora in taurobolio explicando distinguenda essent : *primo ab anno circiter 160 usque ad annos 225/230 de mero sacrificio agitur, quod "pro salute" imperatoris et imperii, vel etiam nonnumquam dedicantis perficitur. Tum dedicans "facit" taurobolium. *sequitur tempus medium usque ad quartum saeculum. Tunc additur ritus traditionis : sacerdos tradit et dedicans "accipit" taurobolium. Duthoy putat vas plenum sanguinis, qui "''cernus''" in aris vocatur, sic traditum esse. *ultimo secunda parte quarti saeculi taurobolium ita perficitur ut a Prudentio in carmine describitur. Tum dedicans "percipit" taurobolium et tauroboliatus est. Pagani enim nonnulla ab adversariis Christianis mutuati essent et taurobolium lustratio quaedam et renovatio, baptismo quodam modo similis, facta est Quamvis Roberti Duthoy coniectura veri similis videri possit, tamen nec certa nec documentis satis probata est<ref>Opinionem contrariam profert Robertus Turcan in commentario ad [[Iulius Firmicus Maternus|Firmicum Maternum]] XXVII,8. Qui textus testari videtur iam prima parte quarti saeculi aspersionem sanguinis in tauroboio fuisse.</ref>. Nec enim probabilem rationem reddit cur iam ab initio taurobolia per plures dies, pervigilio<ref>Graece mesonuctium vel pannuchium dictum : {{CIL|13|1751}}) = [[Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque|CCCA]] V,386. Confer {{CIL|12|1782}}) = Dessau 04130.</ref> facto, durasse videantur, nec cur tam dispendiosis aris memoria eventus servata sit. Plurimi tauri Iovi Optimo Maximo immolabantur nec quotienscumque arae dicabantur. Sed haec hactenus : novi fontes desiderantur ad plura cognoscenda. == Notae == <references /> ==Fontes== ===Litterarii=== *''Carmen contra paganos'' (auctore ignoto) 57-62. *[[Historia Augusta|Historiae Augustae]] ''vita Heliogabali'' VII,1. *[[Iulius Firmicus Maternus]] ''De errore profanarum religionum'' XXVII,8 *[[Prudentii Peristephanon]] ''Carmen'' X, 1006-1050. ===Epigraphici=== *Robertus Duthoy, ''The taurobolium : its evolution and terminology'', Lugduni Batavorum, E.J.Brill, 1969. (Etudes préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'Empire romain ; t.10). [https://www.persee.fr/doc/assr_0003-9659_1971_num_32_1_1875_t1_0227_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Aemilius Espérandieu, ''Inscriptions antiques de Lectoure'', 1892. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-4874_1892_num_12_1_6764 Recensio critica] * M. J. Vermaseren, [[Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque|''Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque'']], Lugduni Batavorum, E.J. Brill, 1977-1989 (septem voluminibus). ISBN 9004053999. (Etudes préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'Empire romain ; t.50). * {{CIL|6|510}} = Dessau 4152, {{CIL|6|736}}, {{CIL|6|512}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{AE|1945|55}} {{AE|1955|180}} == Plura legere si cupis == *Neil Adkin, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24751564 Carmen contra paganos 63]", ''Wiener Studien'', 2004ː 219-223 *Lara Dubosson-Sbriglione, ''Le culte de la Mère des dieux dans l’Empire romain''. Stuttgart, Steiner, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2019_num_88_1_3957_t11_0372_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/asdi_1662-4653_2016_num_11_1_1072 Summarium dissertationis ab auctore factum (2016)] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335776233_Dubosson-Sbriglione_Lara_2018_Le_culte_de_la_Mere_des_dieux_dans_l'Empire_romain Altera recensio critica] *R. Duthoy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1966_num_35_2_3590 La Minerva Berecyntia des inscriptions tauroboliques de Bénévent (CIL IX. 1538-1542)]", ''L'Antiquité Classique'', 1966ː 548-561 *Max Gschaid, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41536520 Eine Bemerkung zum Taurobolium von Vesoul (Haute-Saône)]", ''Latomus'', 1993ː 112-116 *Clifford Herschel Moore, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/310309 On the Origin of the Taurobolium]", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 1906ː 43-48 *Neil McLynn, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1192656 The Fourth-Century "taurobolium"]", ''Phoenix'', 1996ː 312-330 *Danny Praet, "[https://www.academia.edu/9347458/Symbolisme_%C3%A9volution_rituelle_et_morale_dans_lhistoire_des_religions_le_cas_du_Taurobolium_dans_les_publications_et_la_correspondance_de_Franz_Cumont_et_dAlfred_Loisy Symbolisme, évolution rituelle et morale dans l'histoire des religions: le cas du Taurobolium dans les publications et la correspondance de Franz Cumont et d'Alfred Loisy]", ''Mythos. Rivista di Storia delle Religioni'', 2013/4ː 125-141. *Jeremy B. Rutter, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1086636 The Three Phases of the Taurobolium]", ''Phoenix'', 1968ː 226-249 * Francisca Van Haeperen, ''[https://books.openedition.org/ephe/1267 Étrangère et ancestrale,la Mère des dieux dans le monde romain]'', Publications de l’École Pratique des Hautes Études, 2019ː 99-148. == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Taurobolium taurobolium] spectant {{NexInt}} *[[Criobolium]] [[Categoria:Ritus Romani]] gpw060ol33qyv349f8137m9hvhij1jj 0 157717 3966837 3714152 2026-06-26T15:16:55Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa scholae Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Sidney Sussex Chapel.jpg|thumb|Sacellum Collegii Sidney Sussex]] '''Collegium Sidney Sussex''', vulgo ''Sidney Sussex College'', est collegium [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]] anno [[1596]] constitutum. == Bibliographia == * [[Montague Rhodes James]], ''A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge''. Cantabrigiae, 1895 [https://archive.org/details/b29003088 Textus] == Nexus externi == {{Coord|52|12|26|N|0|7|13|E|region:GB-CAM|display=title}} * [http://www.sid.cam.ac.uk Situs collegii] * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130415221800/http://confrat.soc.srcf.net/ Confraternitas Historica]": ''Sidney Sussex College History Society'' {{Collegia Universitatis Cantabrigiensis}} [[Categoria:Collegia Cantabrigiensia|Sidney Sussex]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1596]] oyyye9lqkiq0kfdlyfvy5djq6gmbiqa 1 160428 3966976 3652754 2026-06-27T05:29:55Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Disputationes redirectionem comitantes|Disputationes redirectionem comitantes]]}} 3966976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Disputationes redirectionem comitantes}} == De nomine == Salve! Nomen pro dolor falsum est. ''Spider-man'' est ''Spider-Man'', cum littera magna in ''man''. Aliquis ut nomen mutare potest? [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 14:36, 19 Iulii 2012 (UTC). :Me paenitet. Eram negligens.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:27, 20 Iulii 2012 (UTC) ==Nom. vs. Acc.== Re: "sit 'magnam curam' contra autem 'magna cura'?" Non ita, Donatello, quia 'magna cura' est phrasis subiectum. Nescio autem, an 'cura' re vera sit verbum iustum ad 'responsibility' Latine dicendum; equidem phrasin quasi "with great power come great worries" legerem. [[Usor:Mattie|Mattie]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Mattie|disputatio]]) 15:25, 19 Iulii 2012 (UTC) ::Intelligo. Gratias tibi. :) ::[[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 15:42, 19 Iulii 2012 (UTC). Ita. Iste translatia erat per google translate vel quidam rem. [[Usor:Dontuseurrealname|Dontuseurrealname]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Dontuseurrealname|disputatio]]) 02:44, 17 Novembris 2021 (UTC) a4lvuzbqrfpkg91y2xf6bvx3y8rf40q 0 167465 3966826 3966309 2026-06-26T15:01:15Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Origines */ 3966826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae.]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]. Post mortem Praetextati, [[imperator]] petivit [[Senatus Romanus|Senatui]] exemplarem eius orationum.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augusto]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent ut ei statuas ponerentur.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] 5qb4ynjrhd6dnrjk11tzr4hhlrb7r8j 3966839 3966826 2026-06-26T15:21:57Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3966839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae.]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}} ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]. Post mortem Praetextati, [[imperator]] petivit [[Senatus Romanus|Senatui]] exemplarem eius orationum.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augusto]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent ut ei statuas ponerentur.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] mxg2elkpbzlikglutjzv5go1x8kfyao 3966840 3966839 2026-06-26T15:24:13Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Cursus honorum et sacerdotia */ 3966840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae.]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]. Post mortem Praetextati, [[imperator]] petivit [[Senatus Romanus|Senatui]] exemplarem eius orationum.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augusto]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent ut ei statuas ponerentur.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] qpwqz6s43z3sac6cxzfdl9nlnx2cyki 3966851 3966840 2026-06-26T15:53:34Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3966851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]. Post mortem Praetextati, [[imperator]] petivit [[Senatus Romanus|Senatui]] exemplarem eius orationum.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augusto]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent ut ei statuas ponerentur.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] oyj95glavavvf2foxqtwkzs518ca0gx 3966854 3966851 2026-06-26T15:57:51Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Cursus honorum et sacerdotia */ 3966854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Post mortem Praetextati, [[imperator]] petivit [[Senatus Romanus|Senatui]] exemplarem eius orationum.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augusto]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent ut ei statuas ponerentur.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] t6wcrftarssxumhow90yyrbedm0mfr7 3966855 3966854 2026-06-26T16:00:18Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Cursus honorum et sacerdotia */ 3966855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augusto]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent ut ei statuas ponerentur.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] 6dwo40nke5srivezkro8no65ta1ddq7 3966856 3966855 2026-06-26T16:01:41Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Cursus honorum et sacerdotia */ 3966856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augustum]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent statuas in eius honorem ponendas.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] o5hfc0hn6z2kt85gvathucvzr3sq6fn 3966857 3966856 2026-06-26T16:01:58Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Cursus honorum et sacerdotia */ 3966857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum,<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augustum]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent statuas in eius honorem ponendas.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] ark157lv4bwgzqhneyhyw4br4xni4rr 3966858 3966857 2026-06-26T16:02:38Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Favor gentilium Romanorum */ 3966858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum,<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augustum]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent statuas in eius honorem ponendas.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex ultimis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] rnkriws6u2wjwms3cac1n5166ke12pr 3966859 3966858 2026-06-26T16:04:01Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Favor gentilium Romanorum */ 3966859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum,<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augustum]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent statuas in eius honorem ponendas.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex ultimis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatum Achaiae]] gerens provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis prohibens, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] 0s6l4m5thhmpth1s64f8l6w90767xcf 3966860 3966859 2026-06-26T16:05:32Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Favor gentilium Romanorum */ 3966860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum,<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augustum]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent statuas in eius honorem ponendas.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex ultimis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatum Achaiae]] gerens provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis prohibens, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptio in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedium dirutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] 4dntwrfhpb21ug8hopejfomg8tqihbe 3966861 3966860 2026-06-26T16:06:20Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Favor gentilium Romanorum */ 3966861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum,<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augustum]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent statuas in eius honorem ponendas.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex ultimis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatum Achaiae]] gerens provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis prohibens, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptio in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedium dirutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium epistularum secum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] tn0dvsxe1hymk5tzuh4l1vwv4ua8xu5 3966862 3966861 2026-06-26T16:09:12Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Favor gentilium Romanorum */ 3966862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum,<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augustum]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent statuas in eius honorem ponendas.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex ultimis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatum Achaiae]] gerens provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis prohibens, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptio in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedium dirutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium epistularum secum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unius [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato mortuo erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Flaviano]] dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] b9tgjxyzh5vblagz3nlyl3qfj4923mp 0 172585 3966957 3891198 2026-06-27T03:40:32Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966957 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Pulaya women.JPG|thumb|Mater cum filia [[genus (societas Indica)|generis]] Pulaya in [[Kerala]]]] '''Dalit''' est appellatio sui ipsius stirpis [[Autochthones|autochthonum]] [[India]]e, qui discriminatione [[Hinduismus|Induistica]] religione fulta ut [[tribus (India)|tribus]] '''Intactilium''' a generibus superioribus [[Linguae Indicae|Indoaryanorum]], qui Indiam occupaverant, segregati erant ac saepe usque ad hunc diem sunt. Notio ex verbo [[Lingua Sanscritica|Sanscritico]] दल् (dal) evoluta est; convertitur "fractus", "ruptus", "compressus", "fugatus", "conculcatus", "deletus", "propalam collocatus". In terris occidentalibus interdum etiam verbum ''[[Paria]]'' ad Dalit significandos adhibetur; [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] eos ''Harijan'' appellavit, quod saepe "liberi Dei" conversum est, accuratius autem "A [[Vishnu]] nati" valet. Quae appellatio a Dalit semper reiecta est, quod non liberi praesidio egentes, sed homines parium iurum essent. == Bibliographia == * Brigitte Voykowitsch: ''Dalits - Die Unberührbaren in Indien''. Editio Der Apfel, Vindobonae 2006, ISBN 3-85450-143-9 * Johannes Beltz: ''Mahar, Buddhist and Dalit. Religious Conversion and Socio-Political Emancipation''. Novi Dellii, Manohar 2005, ISBN 81-7304-620-4 * B. Das, J. Massey (ed.): ''Dalit Solidarity''. Dellii 1995 * N. Minz: ''A Search for a Common Ideology''. In: J.Massey (ed.): ''Indigenous People: Dalits - Dalit Issues in Today´s Theological Debate'', Dellii 1994 == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * Brigitte Voykowitsch: [https://web.archive.org/web/20130701072320/http://www.oeko-net.de/kommune/kommune10-00/zzdalis.htm ''„Die gebrochenen Menschen“. Kampf um Menschenrechte – die Dalits in Indien.''] (Theodisce) * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6050408.stm ''Dalits in conversion ceremony.''] BBC News, die 14 Octobris 2006 (Anglice) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080906190754/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/09/nepal7322.htm ''Discrimination against Dalits in Nepal.''] 2004, pagina [[Human Rights Watch]] (Anglice) {{stipula}} {{Myrias|Societas}} [[Categoria:Hinduismus]] [[Categoria:Cultura Indica]] [[Categoria:Gentes Asiae]] [[Categoria:Discriminatio]] o6998hbaotx1gs592si4bxvomppf3d3 4 174428 3966944 3966695 2026-06-26T22:44:51Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 /* 2026 */ 3966944 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{Compendia paginae|VP:N}} Contenta huius paginae in [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima|Pagina prima]] ostenduntur. NB: eodem tempore, quo hic nuntium quemque addis, eandem rem in pagina [[2026]] adde aut sub "Eventis" aut sub "Mortuis"</noinclude> ==2026== * 24 Iunii - [[Terrae motus Venetiolanus anni 2026|Terrae motus]] maior magnitudinis 7.5 in [[Venetiola]] centenos homines necat vel vulnerat multaque aedificia concidit. [[Fasciculus:Alan Greenspan color photo portrait.jpg|80 px|right|[[Alanus Greenspan]]]] * 22 Iunii: [[Alanus Greenspan]], pristinus praeses [[Systema aerarium foederale|systematis aerarii foederalis Americae]], centum annos natus moritur. * 12 Iunii: [[Elon Musk]] primus fit, qui {{num|1000000000000}} [[dollarium Civitatum Foederatarum|dollariorum Americanorum]] accumulaverit. [[Fasciculus:Leo XIV (june 2025).jpg|80px|right|[[Leo XIV]]]] * 25 Maii: ''[[Magnifica humanitas]]'', epistola encyclica [[Leo XIV|Leonis XIV]] prima, editur. * 15 Maii: Eruptio epidemiae ebolae e provincia Ituri [[Res publica democratica Congensis|Rei publicae democraticae Congensis]] refertur. Centeni homines illic et in [[Uganda]] in hunc morbum incidunt. * 3 Maii: Epidemia [[hantaviridae|hantavirus]] [[Andes|Andini]] ad [[quadragena]]m [[navis]] vectoriae ''Hondius'' ducit, tres mortui. [[Fasciculus:Sabastian Sawe (KEN) 2025.jpg|90px|right|Sebastianus Sawe]] * 26 Aprilis: [[Sebastianus Sawe]] Londinii primus homo [[Cursus Marathonius|cursum Marathonium]] minore tempore quam duabus horis perficit. [[Fasciculus:Artemis II patch.svg|90px|right|Emblema missionis cum nominibus astronautarum]] * 6 Aprilis: [[Programma Artemis|Artemis II]] cum quattuor astronautis Lunam circumvolat et 11 Aprilis feliciter in Tellurem revertitur. [[Fasciculus:Mojtaba Khamenei 2019.jpg|90px|right|Mojtaba Khamenei]] * 8 Martii: [[Mojtaba Khamenei|Mojtaba Husainus Khamenei]], [[Ali Khamenei|Alii]] necati filius, magnus dux [[Irania]]e eligitur. * 28 Februarii: Civitas [[Israël]] et [[Civitates Foederatae]] impetum [[bomba]]rum ad [[Irania]]m faciunt, illum impetum praeemptivum appellantes. * 21 Februarii: Bellum inter [[Afghania]] et [[Pakistania]] erumpit. [[Fasciculus:2026 Winter Olympics logo.svg|90px|right|[[Olympia hiemalia 2026]]]] * 6 Februarii: [[Olympia hiemalia 2026|Olympia hiemalia]] in [[Italia]] simul [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]], [[Cortina Ampecanorum|Cortinae Ampecanorum]], [[Pralatium|Pralatii]], [[Livignum|Livigni]] et [[Resinae|Ante Silvam]] patefiunt. * 2–6 Februarii: [[Curdistania Syriaca|Curdistaniam Syriacam]] [[Ahmedus Husainus al-Shara|rectio Damasci nova]] sibi adiungit. * 22 Ianuarii: [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] ab [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|Ordine Mundi Sanitarii]] se recedunt. * 15 Ianuarii: [[Vicipaedia]], anno 2001 a [[Iacobus Wales|Iacobo Wales]] et [[Laurentius Sanger|Laurentio Sanger]] condita, annum vicesimum quintum celebrat. * 6 Ianuarii: [[Leo XIV|Leo papa XIV]] [[Iubilaeum anni 2025]] claudit. [[Fasciculus:Nicolas Maduro on December 31, 2025 (cropped2).jpg|80px|right|[[Nicolaus Maduro]]]] * 3 Ianuarii: [[Nicolaus Maduro]] Venetiolae praeses a militibus [[CFA|Civitatum Foederatarum]] raptus est, [[Caracae]] multis ictibus affliguntur. e42n3esll9hoi3hi1dxvg9zkvmy8991 0 186204 3966822 3412478 2026-06-26T14:43:35Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3966822 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Nacktmull.jpg|thumbnail|''Heterocephalus glaber.'']] '''''Heterocephalus glaber''''' est [[rodentia|rodens]] quod cum sociis fodit [[Cuniculus (aedificium)|cuniculos]] qui possunt 5 chiliometra attingere.<ref name=selfish_gene>{{cite book|last=Dawkins|first=Richard|origyear=1976|year=2006|edition=30th anniversary|title=The Selfish Gene|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-286092-5}}</ref> In [[regio]]nibus [[Africa Orientalis|Africae Orientalis]] [[endemismus|endemicum]] est, sola [[species]] nunc in [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] '''''Heterocephalum''''' digesta.<ref name = MSW3>{{MSW3 Hystricognathi | id = 13400041 | pages = 1542}}.</ref> Is et ''[[Fukomys damarensis]]'' sunt sola [[mammalia]] [[eusocialitas|eusocialia]] nota.<ref name="O'Riain and Faulkes, (2008)">{{cite web |last1=O'Riain |first1=M. J. |last2=Faulkes |first2=C. G. |year=[[2008]] |title= African mole rats: eusociality, relatedness and ecological constraints. In J. Korb and J. Heinze (eds.), Ecology of Social Evolution, 207-223 |url= http://www.springerlink.com/content/q11245457q771m3t/}}.</ref> Ei sunt inusitatissimae proprietates quae eum in duris [[circumiecta|circumiectis]] subterraneis vigere sinunt; is est solum mammale quod [[thermoregulatio|se thermoconformat]]<!--thermoconformer-->,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livescience.com/16516-naked-mole-rat-genome-longevity.html |title=Naked Mole Rat Genome May Hold Key to Long Life &#124; Human Health & Longevity &#124; Cancer Resistance & Naked Mole Rat |publisher=LiveScience |date=[[12 Octobris]] [[2011]] |accessdate=[[23 Martii]] [[2013]]}}.</ref> in [[cutis|cute]] [[sensus|sensu]] [[dolor]]is caret, et humillimas [[celeritas|celeritates]]<!--rates--> [[respiratio (physiologia)|respiratorias]] et [[metabolismus|metabolicas]] habet. Membra omnis gregis pleraque sunt operarii et fere 75 in numero in singula colonia. Nonnulli sunt [[miles|milites]]; tamen laborant sicut operarii, [[cibus|cibum]] effodientes et colligentes. Quasi in gregibus multorum [[insecta|insectorum]], unicuique gregi sunt solum singula [[regina]] et circa tres [[mas|mares]]. Singuli sunt ab 8 ad usque 10 [[centimetrum|centimetra]] longi et vivunt usque 28 annos fere caeci. == Notae == <references /> {{mammalia-stipula}} [[Categoria:Mammalia Africae]] [[Categoria:Rodentia]] [[Categoria:Taxa Rüppell]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1842]] erraojl1wn8s298t86032e4vg93k0qr 3966823 3966822 2026-06-26T14:45:31Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3966823 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Nacktmull.jpg|thumbnail|''Heterocephalus glaber.'']] '''''Heterocephalus glaber''''' est [[rodentia|rodens]] quod cum sociis fodit [[Cuniculus (aedificium)|cuniculos]] qui possunt 5 chiliometra attingere.<ref name=selfish_gene>{{cite book|last=Dawkins|first=Richard|origyear=1976|year=2006|edition=30th anniversary|title=The Selfish Gene|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-286092-5}}</ref> In [[regio]]nibus [[Africa Orientalis|Africae Orientalis]] [[endemismus|endemicum]] est, sola [[species]] nunc in [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] '''''Heterocephalum''''' digesta.<ref name = MSW3>{{MSW3 Hystricognathi | id = 13400041 | pages = 1542}}.</ref> Is et ''[[Fukomys damarensis]]'' sunt sola [[mammalia]] [[eusocialitas|eusocialia]] nota.<ref name="O'Riain and Faulkes, (2008)">{{cite web |last1=O'Riain |first1=M. J. |last2=Faulkes |first2=C. G. |year=[[2008]] |title= African mole rats: eusociality, relatedness and ecological constraints. In J. Korb and J. Heinze (eds.), Ecology of Social Evolution, 207-223 |url= http://www.springerlink.com/content/q11245457q771m3t/}}.</ref> Ei sunt inusitatissimae proprietates quae eum in duris [[circumiecta|circumiectis]] subterraneis vigere sinunt; is est solum mammale quod [[thermoregulatio|se thermoconformat]]<!--thermoconformer-->,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livescience.com/16516-naked-mole-rat-genome-longevity.html |title=Naked Mole Rat Genome May Hold Key to Long Life &#124; Human Health & Longevity &#124; Cancer Resistance & Naked Mole Rat |publisher=LiveScience |date=[[12 Octobris]] [[2011]] |accessdate=[[23 Martii]] [[2013]]}}.</ref> in [[cutis|cute]] [[sensus|sensu]] [[dolor]]is caret, et humillimas [[celeritas|celeritates]]<!--rates--> [[respiratio (physiologia)|respiratorias]] et [[metabolismus|metabolicas]] habet. Membra omnis gregis pleraque sunt operarii et fere 75 in numero in singula colonia. Nonnulli sunt [[miles|milites]]; tamen laborant sicut operarii, [[cibus|cibum]] effodientes et colligentes. Ut in gregibus multorum [[insecta|insectorum]], unicuique gregi sunt solum singula [[regina]] et circa tres [[mas|mares]]. Singuli sunt ab 8 ad usque 10 [[centimetrum|centimetra]] longi et vivunt usque 28 annos fere caeci. == Notae == <references /> {{mammalia-stipula}} [[Categoria:Mammalia Africae]] [[Categoria:Rodentia]] [[Categoria:Taxa Rüppell]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1842]] 1edssp9yi4oleevc54o91kf5r4p2cle 0 189383 3966998 3755855 2026-06-27T11:46:14Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dioecesis Italica |Nomen_lat = Dioecesis Albae Pompeiensis |Nomen_ital = Diocesi di Alba |Ecclesia = Ecclesia Latina |Charta_Bistum = AlbaCN0001.jpg |Regio_ecclesiastica = [[Regio ecclesiastica Pedemontii|Pedemontana]] |Provincia_ecclesiastica = [[Archidioecesis Taurinensis|Taurinensis]] |Charta_Kirchenprovinz = Roman Catholic Diocese of Alba in Italy.svg |Charta2_Kirchenprovinz = Mappa diocesi Alba.png |Nom_episcopus = [[Marcus Brunetti]] |Auxiliarius = |Nom_emeritus = [[Sebastianus Dho]], <br>[[Iacobus Lanzetti]] |Nom_vic = |Nom_officialis = |Num_decanatuum = |Num_paroec =126 |Area =1.050 |Num_incol =130.800 |Temp_incol =2016 |Num_cath =125.700 |Temp_cath =2016 |Portio =96,1 |Erectio =[[saeculum 4|IV saeculus]] |Ritus =[[Ritus Romanus|Romanus]] |Ecclesia_cathedralis =S. Laurentii |Ecclesia_cumcathedralis = |Patroni =[[Guido Aquensis|S. Guido]] |Inscriptio_curs =Piazza Mons. Grassi 9, <br>12051 Alba [Cuneo], <br>Italia |Pagina_interret =http://www.diocesidialba.it/ www.diocesidialba.it/ }} '''Dioecesis Albae Pompeiensis'''<ref name="CathHier">Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|alba|Dioecesis Albae Pompeiensis}}</ref> ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''Diocesi di Alba'') est [[sedes episcopalis|sedes episcopalis]] [[Italia|Italiae]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]], in [[Regio ecclesiastica Pedemontii|Regione ecclesiastica Pedemontana]] sita, suffraganaea [[Archidioecesis Taurinensis|Archidioecesis Taurinensis]], cuius caput est [[Alba Pompeia]]. Dioecesi 126 [[paroecia]]e sunt. ==Episcopus== Dioecesis a [[Episcopus|episcopo]] S.E. [[Marcus Brunetti|Marco Brunetti]] regitur. ==Historia== Dioecesis Albae Pompeiensis iam [[saeculum 4|saeculo IV]] erecta est. ==Ecclesia cathedralis == * Ecclesia cathedralis S. Laurentii. {{NexInt}} * [[Pedemontium]] (''regionem''), * [[Alba Pompeia|Albam Pompeiam]] (''urbem''), * [[Archidioecesis Taurinensis|Archidioecesem Taurinensem]], * [[Dioeceses Italicae Ecclesiae Catholicae|Dioeceses Italicas Ecclesiae Catholicae]], * [[Regio ecclesiastica Pedemontii|Regionem ecclesiasticam Pedemontanam]]. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Diocese of Alba Pompeia|Dioecesem Albae Pompeiensis}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130504102426/http://diocesidialba.it/ Pagina dioeceseos] == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Template-Bishop.svg|Insigne Episcopi Marci. Fasciculus:Ecclesiastical province of Turin in Italy.svg|Provincia ecclesiastica Taurinensis. Fasciculus:Ecclesiastical region Piedmont in Italy.svg|Regio ecclesiastica Pedemontii. </gallery> == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> {{RC-stipula}} [[Categoria: Dioeceses Regionis Ecclesiasticae Pedemontii|Albae Pompeiensis]] [[Categoria:Alba Pompeia]] epih5tc2isq01e1nbiorcru7jkjjn9q 0 191067 3966807 3785153 2026-06-26T12:38:26Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966807 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Mairie_de_clamart.jpg|thumb|250px|Clemartium: vici conciliabulum]] [[Fasciculus: Clamart map.svg|left|thumb|250px|Clemartium: situs in regione [[Lutetia|Lutetiensi]]]] '''Clemartium''',<ref>"Les plus anciens monumens connus qui mentionnent ce village sont du XIe siècle, et le nomment Clamardum, Clemartium, Clamard ou Clamart" {{Google Books|9nkDAAAAYAAJ|vide p. 76}}</ref><ref>"Clamardum, Clamarcium": {{Graesse}}</ref> Francogallice ''Clamart'' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 52'546 incolarum (anno [[2010]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Alta Sequanae|Altorum Sequanae]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Francica]]. == Clari cives == * [[Alphonsus Daudet]] ([[1840]]-[[1897]]), scriptor * [[Michael Vitold]] ([[1914]]-[[1994]]), actor == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Altorum Sequanae|Indicem communium praefecturae Altorum Sequanae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Clamart |Clemartium}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120710095051/http://www.clamart.fr/ Clemartii pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|92023|de=Clamartio}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Altorum Sequanae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Altorum Sequanae]] 6esc4vfrvlnah29c92h5olemuzbmfug 0 192051 3966874 3714254 2026-06-26T17:00:43Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966874 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ladinia.svg|thumb|Vexillum ''[[Ladinia]]e'']] [[Fasciculus:Val di Fassa.jpg|thumb|Despectus ad Vallem Fasciae]] [[Fasciculus:Comunità TN - Posizione11.png|thumb|Collocatio finium Vallis Fasciae Communitatis in Provincia Libera Tridentina]] '''Communitas Fasciensis''' ('''C11''') (alia nomina: ''Communitas Vallis Fasciae'', ''Communitas Vallis Fassiae'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Comun General de Fascia|Comunità della Val di Fassa]]''; [[Dolomiana Latina lingua|Dolomianice]]: ''Comun General de Fascia'' ) est [[Vallis Communitates Tridentinae|Vallis Communitas]] et pars [[Provincia Libera Tridenti|Provinciae Liberae Tridenti]] (''[[Tridentinum]]''), in [[Regio Italiae|Regione Italiae]] [[Tridentinum-Alta Athesia/Tirolis Meridionalis|Tridentini-Altae Athesiae/Tirolis Meridionalis]] sita, cuius caput [[Pozza]]. Incolae ''Fasciani'' seu ''Fassiani'' appellantur. == Geographia == * [[Vallis Fasciensis]] ([[Vallis Fasciae]] seu [[Vallis Fassiae]]) , == Ethnographia == Gentes Fascianae [[Lingua Ladina (Dolomiana)|linguam ladinam]] loquuntur. == Municipia communitatis == Municipia communitatis '''6''' sunt. # '''[[Fanum Sancti Ioannis Fasciae]]''', # [[Campitellum]], # [[Canazzei]], # [[Mazzinum]], # [[Mohena]], # [[Sorraga]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Tridentinum-Athesia Superior/Tirolis Meridionalis]] (''regio''), * [[Libera Provincia Tridentina]] seu [[Tridentinum]] (''provincia et terra''), * [[Tridentum]] (''urbs''), * [[Communitates Vallis Tridentinae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004231949/http://www.c11.tn.it/comungeneraldefascia/index.shtml Pagina officialis] == Alia coepta Vici == {{communiaCat|Val di Fassa|Vallem Fasciae}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:ValleFassaposizione.png|Collocatio finium Vallis Fasciae. Imago:Valle San Nicolò 01.jpg|Vallis Sancti Nicolai. </gallery> {{Municipia ladinica Vallis Fasciae}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communitas Fasciensis|!]] ry8h5ludttnmal2fs6945jy5j8knmh9 0 198232 3966958 3882554 2026-06-27T03:58:29Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Damnatz''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]] est. Ad Damnatz etiam vici Barnitz, Jasebeck, Kamerun atque Landsatz pertinent. Damnatz pars communis generalis [[Elbtalaue (commune generale)|Elbtalaue]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:DamnatzChurch.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Damnatz]] Damnatz pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Damnatz ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Elbtalaue (commune generale)|Elbtalaue]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Damnatz adiuncti sunt. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140201101255/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5932/ Pagina communis generalis Elbtalaue de Damnatz scripta] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180309055357/http://www.damnatz-elbtalaue.de/ Pagina officialis Damnatz] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] crozcxc8wq9nojwxepr9k93wjp7gaca 0 200362 3966849 3714183 2026-06-26T15:49:29Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966849 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--{{Infobox Former Country :: BEHOLD A CHANCE FOR PROGRAMMING! |conventional_long_name = Colony of Virginia |common_name = Virginia |continent = North America |country = United States |era = |status = Colony |empire = British Empire |government_type = Constitutional monarchy |title_leader = [[List of English monarchs|King]] |leader1 = [[James I of England|James I]] (first) |year_leader1 = 1603&ndash;1625 |leader2 = [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]] (last) |year_leader2 = 1760&ndash;1776 |title_representative = [[List of colonial governors of Virginia|Governor]] |representative1 = [[Edward Maria Wingfield|Edward Wingfield]] (first) |year_representative1 = 1607 |representative2 = [[John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore|Lord Dunmore]] (last) |year_representative2 = 1771&ndash;1775 |event_start = [[Jamestown, Virginia|Founding]] |year_start = 1607 |event_end = [[United States Declaration of Independence|Independence]] |year_end = 1776 |date_end = |event1 = Began Royal Colony |date_event1 = |p1 = |s1 = Virginia |flag_s1 = Flag of Virginia.svg |s2 = Province of Carolina |flag_s2 = Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg |image_flag = |image_coat = VirginiaColonyArmsRetouch.png |image_map = Colonial VA.png |image_map2 = virginiacolony.png |image_map_caption = |capital = [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] (1607&ndash;1699)<br />[[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg]] (1699&ndash;1776) |common_languages = English |religion = [[Church of England|Anglicanism]] |currency = Pound sterling |legislature = [[House of Burgesses]] (1619&ndash;1776) }}--> [[Fasciculus:virginiacolony.png|thumb|300px|[[Tabula geographica]] Virginiae colonicae et coloniarum propinquarum.]] '''Colonia Virginia,''' etiam saepe '''Virginia Colonia''' et '''Provincia Virginia''' et aliquando '''Dominio et Colonia Virginia'''<ref>Et fortasse ''Provincia Virginiana'' et ''Dominio et Colonia Virginiana.''</ref> appellata, fuit [[Imperium colonicum Anglicum|colonia Anglica]] in [[America Septentrionalis|America Septentrionalis]] sita, quae breviter per [[saeculum 16|saeculum sextum decimum]], et tum continenter a [[1607]] usque ad [[Res Novae Americanae|Res Novas Americanas]] (ut [[colonia]] [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannica]] post [[1707]]<ref>The Royal Government in Virginia, 1624&ndash;1775, vol. 84, pars 1, Percy Scott Flippin, Wallace Everett Caldwell, p. 288</ref>) exsistitit. Nomen ''Virginia'' primum a [[Gualterius Raleigh|Gualterio Raleigh]] Equite et [[Elizabetha I|Regina Elizabeth I]] anno [[1584]] adhibitum est. Coloniae post [[Bellum Civile Anglicum]] medio [[saeculum 17|saeculo septimo decimo]] fuit [[nomen proprium|nomen]] '''Vetus Dominio''' ([[Anglice]] 'The Old Dominion'), a [[Carolus II (rex Angliae)|Rege Carolo II]] per ludibrium datum ob eius [[fides|fide]] manifesta [[monarchia]]e [[Anglia|Anglicae]] per aetetam [[Respublica Anglica|Reipublicae Angliae]] oblata. Colonia Virginia, [[libertas|libertate]] a [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannia]] anno [[1775]] declarata antequam [[Declaratio Libertatis Civitatum Americae Foederatarum|Declaratio Libertatis]] rite constituta est, [[Virginia|Respublica Virginiana]] facta est, una ex primis [[Tredecim Coloniae|civitatibus tredecim]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatum Foederatarum]], cum locutio ''The Old Dominion'' pro sua sententia publica sanciret. Post Civitates Foederatas constitutas, omnes [[Civitatum Foederatarum civitas|civitates]] [[Virginia Occidentalis]], [[Kentuckia]], [[Indiana]], et [[Illinoesia]], et partes [[Ohium|Ohii]] et [[Pennsylvania]]e [[occidens|occidentalis]], ex terris olim a Colonia Virginia circumdatis denique creatae sunt. <!--PLUS IN EN:--> {{NexInt}} *[[Coloniae Meridianae]] *[[Historia Virginiae]] *[[Imperium colonicum Anglicum]] *[[Index gubernatorum colonicorum Virginiae]]<!-- + *[[Former counties, cities, and towns of Virginia]]--> ==Adnotationes== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== * Heinemann, Ronald L., John G. Kolp, Anthony S. Parent Jr., et William G. Shade. [[2007]]. ''Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: A History of Virginia. 1607-2007'' (2007). ISBN 978-0-8139-2609-4. * Rubin, Louis D. ''Virginia: A Bicentennial History''. States and the Nation Series. (1977), popular * Wallenstein, Peter. ''Cradle of America: Four Centuries of Virginia History'' (2007). ISBN 978-0-7006-1507-0. ==Nexus externi== *[http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/timeline/colonial/virginia/virginia.html Evolutio Coloniae Virginianae, 1610–1630,] memory.loc.gov (Library of Congress) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090416122442/http://www.jamestown1607.org/ Iacobopolis Virginiae,] www,jamestown1607.org *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926034027/http://www.clairehope.btinternet.co.uk/PDFs/LinebaughRediker_seaventure.pdf "The Wreck of The ''Sea Venture,''] web.archive.org {{DEFAULTSORT:Virginia, Colonia}} [[Categoria:Virginia| ]] [[Categoria:Tredecim Coloniae]] [[Categoria:Britannica Americarum colonizatio]] <!-- [[Category:Former English colonies]] [[Category:Former British colonies]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1607]] [[Category:1607 establishments in Virginia|Colony of Virginia]] [[Category:1776 disestablishments in the United States]] [[Category:Colonial United States (British)]]--> 2fw9mkjva94uks84owevbjaqak8zfqy 0 207312 3966850 3894084 2026-06-26T15:50:55Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Coloniola (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Campanile Colognola ai Colli.JPG|thumb|Coloniola]] '''Coloniola'''<ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120228182529/http://www.italiapedia.it/ www.italiapedia.it]</ref> {{victio|Coloniola|ae|f}} (alia nomina: '' Coloniola ad Colles'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Colognola ai Colli|Colognola ai Colli]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Venetia (regio)|Venetia]] et in [[Provincia Veronensis|Provincia Veronensi]] situm. Incolae ''Coloniolenses'' appellantur. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Venetia (regio)|Venetia]] (''regio''), * [[Provincia Veronensis]], * [[Verona]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220104033618/https://www.comunecolognola.it/ Pagina officialis] {{CommuniaCat|Colognola ai Colli|Coloniolam}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of Colognola ai Colli (province of Verona, region Veneto, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Veronensi. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Veronae]] 5dl8hkr1nwiz200abbzorcknkptv1od 0 213786 3966864 3453158 2026-06-26T16:15:44Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966864 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Mairie_combr%C3%A9e.JPG |thumb|200 px|Combrée: [[vici conciliabulum]]]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 49103.png|thumb|left|250px| Combrée: communis tabula]] ''' Combrée ''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 2'792 incolarum (anno [[2011]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Cenomannica et Liger|Cenomannicae et Ligeris]] in regione [[Pagi Ligeris (regio Franciae)|Pagis Ligeris]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Cenomannicae et Ligeris|Indicem communium praefecturae Cenomannicae et Ligeris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat| Combrée | Combrée }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160606035756/http://www.combree.fr/index.html Combrée pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|49103|de=Combrée}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Meduanae et Ligeris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Meduanae et Ligeris]] gqgfc08v1dml0xek0g58twe60umm8jw 10 224032 3966821 3701583 2026-06-26T14:41:08Z Shiden 195398 3966821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa navigationis | titulus = Praesides Poloniae (1990–) | imago = {{Insigne|Polonia|scriptum=nil|amplitudo=55px|nexus=Polonia}} | corpus = [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]]&nbsp;1989&nbsp;• [[Lechus Wałęsa]]&nbsp;1990&nbsp;• [[Alexander Kwaśniewski]]&nbsp;1995&nbsp;• [[Lechus Kaczyński]]&nbsp;2005&nbsp;• [[Bronislaus Komorowski]]&nbsp;2010&nbsp;• [[Andreas Duda]]&nbsp;2015&nbsp;• [[Carolus Nawrocki]]&nbsp;2025 | sub = [[Opus:Geopoliticum|Opus geopoliticum]]&nbsp;• [[Porta:Unio Europaea|Porta Unionis Europaeae]]&nbsp;• [[Duces civitatum Europaearum hodiernarum]] | sub2 = [[Formula:Duces civitatum Unionis Europaeae|Duces civitatum Unionis Europaeae]]&nbsp;• [[Formula:Praesides ministrorum Poloniae|Primi ministri Poloniae]]}}<noinclude> [[Categoria:Formulae navigationis ducum civitatum|Polonia]] [[Categoria:Formulae Poloniam spectantes]] [[Categoria:Res politicae Polonicae|ß]] </noinclude> ripjixja5bzrv7edhw6ql0g44leddfs 0 224461 3966873 3714250 2026-06-26T16:58:56Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966873 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Community of Christ Temple located in Independence, Missouri.jpg|upright|frame|Templum Communitatis Christim [[Independentia (Missuria)|Independentiae]] [[Missuria]]e anno [[1994]] dicatum.]] [[Fasciculus:CommunityofChrist PeaceSeal.jpg|thumb|Sigillum communitatis in ostiis Templi Independentiae siti]] '''Communitas Christi,''' ab [[1872]] ad [[2001]] '''Ecclesia Iesu Christi Sanctorum Ultimorum Dierum Denuo Constituta''' appellata, est [[ecclesia]] internationalis in [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]]<ref name="coc_beliefs">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120802043956/http://www.cofchrist.org/ourfaith/faith-beliefs.asp "Faith and Beliefs"] (Community of Christ).</ref> mense Aprili [[1830]] constituta,<ref>[http://www.cofchrist.org/history/earlychurch.asp ''The Early Church (1830)''], Community of Christ website.</ref> quae pronuntiat suum finem esse "pronuntiare [[Iesus Christus|Iesum Christum]] et favere communitatibus gaudii, [[spes|spei]], [[amor]]is, et [[pax|pacis]]."<ref>[[Anglice]]: "to proclaim Jesus Christ and promote communities of joy, hope, love and peace."</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070223092214/http://www.cofchrist.org/ourfaith/mission.asp Community of Christ – Our Mission]</ref> Ecclesia circa 250&thinsp;000 sodalium in quinquaginta [[civitas sui iuris|civitatibus]] renuntiat.<ref>[http://www.cofchrist.org/news/GeneralInfo.asp#membership ''Community of Christ: General Denominational Information,''] www.cofchrist.org.</ref> Communitas Christi est pars [[motus Sanctorum Dierum Recentiorum]] a [[Iosephus Smith, Jr.|Iosepho Smith (filius)]] coepti, et in [[Restorationismus|Restorationisticis]] traditionibus conditi. Quamquam nonnullis modis Communitas Christi cum habitibus [[Protestantismus viae principalis|Protestantibus viae principalis]]<!--mainline Protestant--> Christianis congruit, multis modis [[theologia|theologice]] distincta est, tales proprietetes ut [[revelatio]] prophetica continuans.<ref>[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20131021170124/http://www.cofchrist.org/onlineresources/DocCovenants/section161.asp Section 161, Doctrine and Covenants], Community of Christ.</ref><ref>[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20131021170136/http://www.cofchrist.org/onlineresources/DocCovenants/section162.asp Section 162, Doctrine and Covenants], Community of Christ.</ref><ref name=D&C163>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100120112632/http://www.cofchrist.org/D%26C163/section163.asp ''Section 163'', Doctrine and Covenants], Community of Christ.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090609213722/http://www.cofchrist.org/presidency/sermons/_040509Veazey.asp ''Presidential Address of April 5, 2009''], Community of Christ.</ref> Communitas Christi usus plerumque non [[liturgia|liturgicos]] in [[Lectionarium Commune Retractatum|Lectionario Commune Retractato]] laxe conditos habet.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010618004526/http://www.cofchrist.org/worship/ Worship Commission]</ref> Ex praesidio [[Independentia (Missuria)|Independentiae]] [[Missuria]]e sito, ecclesia [[evangelismus|evangelismum]], ministrum [[pax|pacis]] et [[iustitia]]e, [[spiritualitas|spiritualitatem]] et [[integer vitae|integrum vitae]], et ministrationes iuvenibus et aliis rectas praecipue praebet.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010408022419/http://cofchrist.org/seek/min.asp "Community of Christ Ministries and Services,"], www.cofchrist.org.</ref> Doctrina communitatis "omnes vocari" ut "homines dignitatis" ad "partiendam [[pax|pacem]] [[Christus|Christi]]" exprimunt.<ref name="coc_beliefs"/> Inter civitates et territoria in quibus communitas rite constituitur sunt [[Africa Australis]], [[Argentina]], [[Australia]], [[Belgium|Belgio]], [[Bolivia]], [[Brasilia]], [[Britanniarum Regnum]], [[Canada]], [[Civitates Foederatae]], [[Columbia]], [[Corea]], [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Guama]], [[Guatemala]], [[Haiti]], [[Helvetia]], [[Hispania]], [[Honduria]], [[Hungaria]], [[Iamaica]], [[Iaponia]], [[India]], [[Insulae Caimanenses]], [[Kenya]], [[Liberia]], [[Litus Eburneum]], [[Malavium]], [[Mexicum]], [[Nederlandia]], [[Nigeria]], [[Norvegia]], [[Nova Caledonia]], [[Nova Zelandia]], [[Papua Nova Guinea]], [[Peruvia]], [[Philippinae]], [[Polynesia Francica]], [[Respublica Congensis]], [[Res publica democratica Congensis]], [[Respublica Dominicana]], [[Russia]], [[Salvatoria]], [[Taprobane]], [[Taivania]], [[Tsilia]], [[Ucraina]], [[Venetiola]], [[Viti]], [[Zambia]], et [[Zimbabua]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120730064939/http://www.cofchrist.org/directory/activedirectory.asp Community of Christ Directory], webpage.</ref> Aestimatur plus quam dimidium sodalium actuosorum ecclesiae lingua primaria praeter [[lingua Anglica|Anglicam]] uti.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070311083550/http://www.cofchrist.org/wc2004/legislation/G-1.asp "G-1 Prayers for the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper,"] www.cofchrist.org (2004 World Conference Legislation).</ref> {{NexInt}} * [[Fridericus M. Smith]]<!-- *[[Plano Stone Church]] *[[Restoration Branches]] *[[Community of Christ (differentiation from LDS Church)]]--> == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Bibliographia == * Bolton, Andrew, et Jane Gardner. [[2005]]. "The Sacraments: Symbol, Meaning and Discipleship." Herald House. ISBN 0-8309-1173-1. * Community of Christ. [[2003]]. "World Conference Resolutions: 2002 Edition." Herald House. ISBN 0-8309-1053-0. * Community of Christ. [[2004]]. "The Priesthood Manual, 2004 Edition." Herald House. ISBN 0-8309-1016-6. * Community of Christ. [[2005]]. "Church Administrators' Handbook: 2005 Edition." Herald House. ISBN 0-8309-1119-7. * Conrad, Larry W., et Paul Shupe. [[1985]]. An RLDS Reformation? Construing the Task of RLDS Theology. ''Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought'' 18(2):92–103. * Davis, Inez Smith. [[1981]]. ''The Story of the Church: A History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and of Its Legal Successor, the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.'' Ed. 12a. Herald House. ISBN 0-8309-0188-4. * Howard, Richard P. [[1992]]. ''The Church Through the Years.'' Herald House. Vol. 1, ''Beginnings to 1860.'' ISBN 0-8309-0556-1. Vol. 2, ISBN 0-8309-0629-0. * Launius, Roger D. [[1995]]. ''Joseph III: Pragmatic Prophet.'' University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06515-8. * Launius, Roger D. [[1998]]. The Reorganized Church, the Decade of Decision, and the Abilene Paradox. ''Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought'' 31(1):47–65. * Nieft, Jerry ed. [[2004]]. ''Walking with Jesus: A Member's Guide in the Community of Christ.'' Herald House. ISBN 0-8309-1105-7. * Russell, William D. [[1990]]. Defenders of the Faith: Varieties of RLDS Dissent. ''Sunstone'' 14(3):14–19. * Shields, Steven L. [[1990]]. ''Divergent Paths of the Restoration: A History of the Latter Day Saint Movement.'' Ed. 4a, rev. et augmentatus. Angelopoli: Restoration Research. ISBN 0-942284-00-3. ==Nexus externi==<!-- *{{Dmoz|Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Denominations/Latter_Day_Saints/Community_of_Christ/}}--> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140924145600/http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/D_1179.asp De Communitate Christi,] www.thearda.com (Association of Religion Data Archives) * [http://www.mydatabus.com/public/ricktopher/DoctrineandCovenants.pdf Editio ''Doctrine and Covenants,''] www.mydatabus.com (PDF)<!--includes appendix--> * [http://www.heraldhouse.org/ Situs Herald House,] www.heraldhouse (ecclesiae domus editoria) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070202040923/http://www.forefrontministries.org/forefront/ Situs ministeriorum iuvenum,] www.forefrontministries.org * [http://www.cofchrist.org Situs proprius,] www.cofchrist.org<!-- *[http://www.graceland.edu/show.cfm?durki=27 Community of Christ Seminary at Graceland University, official site] *[http://www.cofchrist.org/seek/history.asp Church history and records] *[http://www.outreach-international.org Outreach International, charity officially endorsed by Community of Christ] *[http://www.jwha.info John Whitmer Historical Association, a scholarly society focused on Community of Christ history] *[http://www.cofchristpeacekeepers.org/ Community of Christ site for ministry to active duty military]--> {{DEFAULTSORT:Communitas Christia}} [[Categoria:Communitas Christi| ]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1860]] [[Categoria:Missuria]]<!--melius: Independentia Missuriae--><!-- [[Category:Christian religious orders established in the 19th century]] [[Category:Josephite sects in the Latter Day Saint movement]] [[Category:Latter Day Saint movement in the United States]] [[Category:Organizations based in Missouri]] [[Category:Members of the National Council of Churches]] [[Category:Religious organizations established in 1830]] [[Category:Religious organizations established in 1860]]--> soomkh9wxhap2rol7mzsgwxntz4pg95 0 227559 3966818 3895863 2026-06-26T14:23:01Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966818 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Pansy aka.jpg|thumb|''[[Viola × wittrockiana]],'' usitatum cogitationis liberae signum.]] '''Cogitatio libera''' est [[sententia]] [[philosophia|philosophica]] quae ponit opiniones [[veritas|veritatem]] attingentes formari debere in [[logica]], [[ratio]]ne, et [[empirismus|empirismo]] conditas, contra [[auctoritas (ius)|auctoritatem]], [[traditio]]nem, vel alia [[dogma]]ta.<ref name="merriam-webster.com">[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/freethinker Definitio,] merriam-webster.com.</ref><ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/free+thought Definitio,] dictionary.com.</ref> Cognitiva cogitationis liberae adhibitio cogitare libere, et exercitatores cogitationis liberae cogitatores liberi appellantur.<ref name="merriam-webster.com"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091203102027/http://www.ffrf.org/nontracts/freethinker.php Nontracts,] Freedom From Religion Foundation.</ref> Cogitatio libera ponit homines notiones accipere non debere quae [[veritas]] propositas sunt sine [[scientia (ratio)|scientia]] et ratione consultata. Ergo, cogitatores liberi eorum opiniones iacere conantur in fundamentis factorum, [[ratio scientifica|rationis scientificae]], et principiorum [[logica]]e, ullius [[fallacia]]e vel effectus [[sapientia|sapienter]] circumscribentis [[argumentum ex auctoritate|auctoritatis]], [[praeiudicium confirmationis|praeiudicii confirmationis]], [[praeiudicium cognitivum|praeiudicii cognitivi]], [[sapientia usitata|sapientiae usitatae]]<!--conventional wisdom-->, [[cultura popularis|culturae popularis]], [[praeiudicium|praeiudicii]], [[sectarianismus|sectarianismi]], [[traditio]]nis, [[legendum urbanum|legendorum urbanorum]], et omnium dogmatum aliorum vacui. De [[religion]]e, cogitatores liberi habent indicia haud sufficientia exsistentiam sustinere rerum [[supernaturalia|supernaturalium]] esse.<ref>James Hastings, [http://books.google.com/books?id=ZAwwaxdKMNAC ''Encyclopedia of Religion.'']</ref> Dictum in "Clifford's Credo" [[Gulielmus Kingdon Clifford|Gulielmi Kingdon Clifford]], [[mathematicus|mathematici]] et [[philosophus|philosophi]] [[Britannia|Britannici]] [[saeculum 19|saeculi undevicensimi]], propositionem cogitationis liberae fortasse optime describit: "Falsus est, semper et ubique, et pro aliquo, aliquid sine indiciis haud sufficientibus credere."<ref>[[Anglice]]: "It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence."</ref><ref>William Kingdon Clifford, ''The Ethics of Belief'' (1879 [1877]).</ref> Etiam est significatio ''liberum examen'' nunc saepe in usu in [[Belgica]] ([[Batavice]] ''vrij onderzoek'', [[Francice]] ''libre examen''). Quam primo [[Angelus Politianus]] usus est, ad finem opinionis hominum describendi qui in [[Res publica litteraria|re publica litteraria]] numerabantur.<ref>Nicolaus Ioannis filius Balashov, Tiburtius Klaniczay, A. D. Mikahĭlov,''Littérature de la Renaissance : à la lumière des recherches'', anno 1978: "Rejetant tout dogmatisme et toute autorité, il (Angelus Politianus) déclarait, dans la préface des ''Mélanges'' : "Nous ne machinons pas d'intrigues, mais ''libero examine'', libera veritate fronte rem gessimus"."</ref> ''Liberum examen'' etiam erat praeceptum [[Academia Lugduno-Batava|Universitatis Lugduno-Batavae]].<ref>Annales Academici, 1859-1860, Lugduni-Batavorum, 1862, p. 171: "Ad ''liberum examen''! De hac formula nostra gloriantes, ius critices vindicantes, ad liberam inquisitionem et investigationem procedimus, semper hoc statuentes: aut omnia, aut nihil; aut tradita accipere sine critica, aut germani critici partes agentes omnem perquirere traditionem."</ref> Hodie in Belgica principium liberi examinis communitatem [[cosmotheoria|cosmotheoreticam]] [[laicismus|laicam]] dictam - etiam lege!<ref>Vide articulum 7 numerus 4 [https://web.archive.org/web/20190422171658/http://reflex.raadvst-consetat.be/reflex/pdf/Mbbs/2002/10/22/78188.pdf legi de die 21 Iunii 2002 de Consilio centrali communitatum cosmotheoreticarum non confessionalium Belgicae, de delegatibus institutisque quibus administrationem mandatur divitiarum communitatum cosmotheoreticarum non confessionalium agnitarum].</ref> - definit.<ref>Saeculis 19 ac 20 societas Belgica dissociatissima erat inter ''pilas'' (id est communitates) catholicam et laicam (quod pilarizatio (''verzuiling/pilarisation'') dicitur); etiam hodie nonnulli cultus religiosi communitasque laica dicta ac instituti sui pariter lege agniti sunt.</ref> ==Signum== [[Viola]] est usitatum et durabile liberae cogitationis signum, cuius usus [[litterae|litteris]] [[Unio Saecularis Americana|Unionis Saecularis Americanae]] exeunte [[saeculum 19|saeculo undevicesimo]] institutus est. [[Flos]] ille symbolicus, qui [[lingua Anglica|Anglice]] ''pansy'' sonat, sic explicari solet: ''Pansy'' a [[vocabulum|vocabulo]] [[Francice|Francico]] ''pensée'' 'cogitatum' originem ducit. Quod nomen ideo accepisse putatur, quia florem faciei humanae similem gerat, et a summa ad praecipitem [[aestas|aestatem]] cernuus quasi in cogitationem inclinatus nutet.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090511181526/http://ffrf.org/fttoday/1997/june_july97/gaylor.html A Pansy For Your Thoughts, by Annie Laurie Gaylor, Freethought Today, June/July 1997]</ref> ==Historia== Cogitatio critica in [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mediterraneo]] [[Hellenismus|Hellenistico]] [[floruit]], in repositoriis [[scientia (ratio)|scientiae]] et [[sapientia]]e in [[Hibernia]], et in [[civilizatio]]nibus [[Irania]]nis (exempli gratia, aetate [[Omar Khayyam]] (1048–1131) et eius [[Rubaiyat Omar Khayyam|''Rubaiyat'']] ([[poema]]tum non orthodoxorum [[Sufismus|Sufiorum]]), atque in aliis [[civilizatio]]nibus, sicut [[Sinae (regio)|Sinicis]] (exempli gratia, maritima domus [[Domus Song|Song Meridianae]] redintegratio, [[420]]–[[479]]),<ref>[http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Song/song.html Chinese History – Song Dynasty 宋] www.chinaknowledge.de.</ref> et per cogitatores [[haeresis|haereticis]] de [[alchemia]] et [[astrologia]] esoterica, ad [[Renascentia]]m et [[Reformatio]]nem. [[Franciscus Rabelaesus]], [[medicus]] et [[scriptor]] [[Francia|Francicus]], [[libertas|libertatem]] "rabelaesianam" et [[epulae|epulas]] et [[potio]]nem cecinit ([[verbum]] et [[symbolus|symbolum]] [[libertas|libertatis]] [[mens|mentis]]), simulationes<!--hypocrisies--> [[orthodoxia]]e [[conformismus|conformisticae]] in [[Thelema (Rabelaesus)|Thelema]] (a Graeco θέλημα 'voluntas') contemnens, sua [[abbatia]] [[utopia]]na, cuius [[sententia]] fuit ''Fac Quae Vis:'' <blockquote> [[Gargantua]] id sic constituerat. In omne eorum regimine et severissimo eorum ordinis vinculo, haec fuit sola [[sententia]] observanda, Fac Quae Vis; quia homines liberi . . . honeste se gerunt et flagitia evitant. Quod [[honor]]em appellant.<ref>[[Anglice]]: "So had [[Gargantua]] established it. In all their rule and strictest tie of their order there was but this one clause to be observed, Do What Thou Wilt; because free people . . . act virtuously and avoid vice. They call this honor."</ref> </blockquote> [[Gargantua|Pantagruel]], heros Rabelaesianus, cum ad "Oraculum Ampullae Divinae" iter fiat, vitale discit praeceptum uno [[vocabulum|vocabulo]]: ''bibe!'' Quod significat "Vita simplice frui, [[sapientia]]m et [[scientia (ratio)|scientiam]] disce, [[homo]] liber." Praeter [[verborum lusus]]<!--puns-->, [[ironia]]m, et [[satura]]m, prologus [[metaphora|metaphoricus]] Gargantuanus lectori dicit "[[Os (ossis)|Os]] frange, et medullam substantia plenam<ref>[[Francice]]: "la substantifique moëlle."</ref> exsorbe," [[nucleus|nucleum]] sapientiae. {{NexInt}} [[Fasciculus:Robert G. Ingersoll - Brady-Handy.jpg|thumb|[[Robertus G. Ingersoll]], cogitator liber [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanus]].<ref>Brandt et Larsen 2011.</ref>]] {{div col|cols=3}} *[[Aetas aurea cogitationis liberae]] *[[Aevum Illuminationis]] *[[Agnosticismus]] *[[Anarchismus]] *[[Anti-authoritarianismus]] *[[Apologetica]] *[[Atheismus]] *[[Cogitatio critica]] *[[Cynismus]] *[[Deismus]] *[[Dies cogitationis liberae]] *[[Evidentialismus]] *[[Humanismus saecularis]] *[[Individualismus]] *[[Infidelis]] *[[Robertus G. Ingersoll]] *[[Irreligio]] *[[Laicismus]] *[[Libertas sentiendi|Libertas cogitationis]] *[[Motus ethicus]] *[[Naturalismus (philosophia)]] *[[Nontheismus]] *[[Novacula de Ockham]] *[[Obiectivismus]] *[[Pantheismus pantheisticus]] *[[Pantheismus]] *[[Positivismus]] *[[Rationalismus]] *[[Saecularismus]] *[[Georgius Sand]] *[[Scepticismus]] *[[Scepticismus religiosus]] *[[Scientismus]] *''[[Secular Review]]'' *[[Theismus philosophicus]] *[[Thelema]] *[[Ioannes Toland]] *[[Universalismus Unitarianus]]<!-- *[[Freedom from Religion Foundation]] *[[Freethought Association of Canada]] *[[GAMPAC]] (Godless Americans PAC) *[[Internet Infidels]] *''[[Secular Thought]]'' *[[Spiritual but not religious]] *''[[The Freethinker (journal)]]'' *[[Camp Quest]] *[[Conflict thesis]] *[[Critical rationalism]] *[[Motus Brights]]--> {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== *Brandt, Eric T., et Timothy Larsen. [[2011]]. The Old Atheism Revisited: Robert G. Ingersoll and the Bible. ''Journal of the Historical Society'' 11(2):211–238. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5923.2011.00330.x/abstract Abstractum.] doi:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2011.00330.x. *Jacoby, Susan. [[2004]]. ''Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism.'' Novi Eboraci: Metropolitan Books. ISBN 0805074422. *Royle, Edward. [[1974]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20051030113212/http://www.secularism.org.uk/uploads/3542a971e965ac1647844952.pdf ''Victorian Infidels: The Origins of the British Secularist Movement, 1791–1866.''] Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0719005574. *Royle, Edward. [[1980]]. ''Radicals, Secularists and Republicans: Popular Freethought in Britain, 1866–1915.'' Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0719007836. *Tribe, David. [[1967]]. ''100 Years of Freethought.'' Londinii: Elek Books. ==Nexus externi== {{Wikisource|A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Freethinkers}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120806054320/http://www.youngfreethought.net/ Cogitatio libera iuvenis,] www.youngfreethought.net *[http://www.atheistfoundation.org.au/history.htm Historia cogitatio liberae,] www.atheistfoundation.org *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223100/http://humanists.ca/?page_id=72 Humanist Canada,] humanists.ca<!-- *{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Freethinker|year=1906 |short=x}}--> [[Categoria:Agnosticismus]] [[Categoria:Anarchismus]]<!--en:Anarchist theory--> [[Categoria:Atheismus]] [[Categoria:Deismus]] [[Categoria:Epistemologia]]<!--en:Epistemological theories + Epistemology of religion--> [[Categoria:Humanismus]] [[Categoria:Motus philosophici]] [[Categoria:Saecularismus]] [[Categoria:Scepticismus]]<!-- [[Categoria:Cogitatio libera| ]] [[Category:Criticism of religion]] [[Category:Disengagement from religion]]--> {{Myrias|Philosophia}} 40t09lc1xuojzbn88khcbfrzmbq17gm 0 228673 3966913 3962381 2026-06-26T20:34:56Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 3966913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} [[Fasciculus:Benedict Arnold.jpg|thumb|Benedictus Arnoldius dux militaris.]] '''Benedictus''' '''Arnoldius''',<ref>"Quantum perfidiæ fuit in traditore Arnoldio"; ''First Lessons in Latin'' (Philadelphiae, 1846): 121 [https://archive.org/details/firstlessonsinla00broo/page/116/mode/2up?q=Jacksonius].</ref><ref>Nathan Covington Brooks, ''Vitae virorum illustrium Americae, a Columbo ad Jacksonum'', Novi Eboraci 1864, p. 66 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Vitae_virorum_illustrium_Americae_a_Colu/88REAAAAIAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=BENEDICTUS+Arnoldius&pg=PA66&printsec=frontcover].</ref> vulgo ''Benedict Arnold'' (natus [[Nordovicum (Connecticuta)|Nordovici]] [[Connecticuta]]e die [[14 Ianuarii]] [[1741]]; mortuus die [[14 Iunii]] [[1801]]), fuit antea [[colonia]]rum [[Civitates Foederatae |Americanarum]] quae ab [[Imperium Britannicum|Imperio Britannico]] defecerant [[glossarium militare|dux militaris]], sed postea transiit ad adversarios Britannicos et nomen Arnoldii ergo in America [[vocabulum]] idem significans proditor factus est. ==Notae== <references /> ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Benedict Arnold|Benedictum Arnoldium}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [http://earlyamerica.com/review/fall97/arnold.htmlBiographia ''Archiving Early America.''] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.benedictarnold.org/Biographia ''Virtualology.com.'']{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/served/arnold.htmlBiographia ''USHistory.org.'']{{Ling|Anglice}} {{Lifetime|1741|1801|Arnold, Benedictus}} [[Categoria:Incolae Connecticutae]] [[Categoria:Milites Civitatum Foederatarum]] 8rww5xrg7l6061kwbh3adibgynt54d3 0 246242 3966835 3794279 2026-06-26T15:12:02Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa scholae Vicidata}} '''Collegium Sanctae Catharinae''' ([[Anglice]] ''Saint Catherine's College'') est [[collegium]] [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]], anno [[1962]] conditum. [[Architectus]] collegii fuit [[Arne Jacobsen]] [[Dania|Danensis]]. Inter alumnos numerantur [[Benazir Bhutto]], [[Petrus Mandelson]], et [[Ioannes Robertus Vane|Ioannes Vane]]. ==Nexus externi== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20161213003614/http://www.stcatz.ox.ac.uk/ Situs interretialis collegii proprius.] {{uni-stipula}} [[Categoria:Collegia Oxoniensia]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1962]] bpgb3ozzt9smy5ympf4qfcqz7qgjzwc 0 260976 3966955 3964458 2026-06-27T03:16:36Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa societatis | nomen = Dacia | imago = Dacia-Logo-2021.svg | de_imagine = Sigillum '''Daciae''' ab anno 2021 | fundatus = 1966 | praetorium = [[Mioveni]], [[Romania]] | dux = Lucas-Alexandre Menard | opus = [[autocinetum|autocineta]] | linguae = }} '''Automobile Dacia''' societas autocinetica [[Romania|Dacoromanica]] est. Hodie ad societatem [[Francia|Francicam]] [[Renault (societas autocinetica)|Renault]] pertinet. == Historia == Anno [[1966]] societas nomine "''Uzina de Autoturisme Pitești''" condita est, et anno [[1967]] prima autocineta societate Renault adiuvante aedificata sunt. Postea nomen antiquae civitatis [[Dacia]]e accepit, quo facto amor patriae ostenderetur. Annis [[1968]] - [[1971]] ''Dacia 1100'' -aemulationem ''Renault 8'', annis [[1969]] - [[1984]] ''Dacia 1300'' (i.e. ''Renault 12'') aedificatum est. Postquam regimen communistarum anno [[1989]] finitum est, Dacia non iam cum Renault collaboravit atque autocineta propria extruere coepit ut ''Dacia Nova'' ([[1995]] - [[2000]]). Anno [[1999]] Renault societatem Daciam partim et postea in toto empsit<ref>[http://www.daciagroup.com/en/news/news-in-brief/renault-and-dacia-for-15-years-in-prime-time daciagroup.com]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Hodie in diversis fabricis in [[Mioveni]] et [[Piteşti]] inter alia ''Dacia Logan'' et ''Dacia Sandero'' aedificantur<ref>[http://www.autosoviet.altervista.org/ENGLISH-automotorusse9-D(dacia).htm Historia Daciae fabricae apud www.autosoviet.altervista.org]</ref>. == Autocineta a fabrica Dacia aedificata == <gallery> Fasciculus:Dacia 1100.jpg|Dacia 1100 (1968 - 1971) Fasciculus:Dacia 1300 Poina Brasov.jpg|Dacia 1300 (1969 - 1984) Fasciculus:AutoDaciaBucarest.jpg|Dacia 1310 (1979 - 2004) Fasciculus:Dacia SupeRNova Rapsodie by Alofok.jpg|Dacia SupeRNova (2000 - 2003) Fasciculus:Dacia Solenza en Belgique.JPG|Dacia Solenza (2003 - 2005) Fasciculus:Dacia Sandero front 20090722.jpg|Dacia Sandero (ab anno 2008) Fasciculus:DaciaLogan.jpg|Dacia Logan (ab anno 2004) Fasciculus:Dacia Duster Laureate K9K 1.jpg|Dacia Duster (2010-2017) Fasciculus:2012-03-07 Motorshow Geneva 4252.JPG|Dacia Lodgy (2012-2022) Fasciculus:2012 Dacia Dokker.JPG|Dacia Dokker (2012-2020) </gallery> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Dacia (cars)|Daciam societatem autocinetorum}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200504125236/http://www.daciagroup.com/ Pagina Societatis Daciae] == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> [[Categoria:Societates fabricationis autocinetorum]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1966]] [[Categoria:Societates mercatoriae Romaniae]] nel23h7ehjffn6uizk71n1gp08phs16 0 261348 3966984 3912862 2026-06-27T08:12:02Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Delia Popescu''' (nata die [[22 Novembris]] [[1978]] [[Bucaresta]]e) rerum politicarum perita [[Romania|Dacoromanica]] est. == Munus == Popescu apud Universitatem Christianam Dimitrie Cantemir oeconomiae studebat et deinde in diversis magistratibus consilii ministrorum Romaniae operam dedit. == Ministra communicationis == Die [[10 Augusti]] [[2016]] [[Dacianus Cioloş]] primus minister Romaniae eam ministram communicationis et societatis informaticae nominavit<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170118123421/http://www.vrajitorul.us/delia-popescu-noul-ministrul-al-comunicatiilor-si-a-depus-juramantul-la-cotroceni/ vrajitorul.ro die 10 Augusti 2016]</ref>. Die [[4 Ianuarii]] [[2017]] cum toto consilio ministrorum se a magistratu recessit atque [[Augustinus Jianu]] eius successor nominatus est<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190113122446/https://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Politic/206153/cine-sunt-membrii-cabinetului-grindeanu.html?full wall-street.ro die 4 Ianuarii 2017]</ref>. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160810202240/https://www.mediasinfo.ro/ce-cv-are-delia-popescu-noul-ministru-al-comunicatiilor/2016/08/10/ biographia apud mediasinfo.ro] == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> {{Ministri communicationis et societatis informaticae Romanici}} {{Ministri Romanici Cioloş}} {{lifetime|1978||Popescu, Delia}} {{Nexus desiderati}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Christianae Dimitrie Cantemir]] [[Categoria:Ministri communicationis et societatis informaticae Romaniae]] 8v8njbgfcwmb69bsfin0qmm5l7qr3uy 0 266210 3966824 3962515 2026-06-26T14:51:42Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966824 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:François Barraud - Le Philateliste.jpg|thumb|''Philatelista.'' [[Pictura]] [[Franciscus Barraud|Francisci Barraud]] ([[1929]]).]] [[Fasciculus:Stamp Falkland Islands 1891 0.5p.jpg|thumb|Imago obliqua [[Victoria (regina Britanniarum)|Victoriae Reginae]] in pittaciis [[Imperium Britannicum|Imperii Britannici]] [[saeculum 19|saeculo undevicensimo]] exornare solebat, hic in semiasse [[Falklandia|Insularum Falklandiarum]] ([[1891]]).]] [[Fasciculus:Spring Stampex 2011 - from the back.jpg|thumb|Magna [[exhibitio pittaciorum]] ''bourse'' habens ubi collectores et [[negotium|negotiatores]] coeunt.]] '''Collectio pittaciorum''' est [[collectio]] [[pittacium cursuale|pittaciorum cursualium]] et rerum coniunctarum. Cum [[philatelia]] cognata est, quae est studium pittaciorum. Una est e gratissimis [[tellus|mundi]] populo avocamentis ex [[saeculum 19|saeculo undevicensimo]] exeunte, cum hodiernus [[cursus publicus]] rapide cresceret.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/15/business/delivery-isn-t-guaranteed-but-stamps-are-turning-profits.html?pagewanted=all |title=Delivery Isn't Guaranteed, but Stamps Are Turning Profits |publisher=[[New York Times]] |date=15 December 1996 |last=Vickers |first=Marcia }}</ref> Collectio pittaciorum facta est [[avocamentum]] collectorum paene perfectum quia pittacia nova semper distribuuntur cum quaeque [[civitas sui iuris|civitas]] suas proprietates per pittacia divulgare petiit. Quia nonnulla pittacia rara fiunt, internationalis pittaciorum [[mercatura]] viget.<!--While stamp collectors are of all ages, it has been particularly popular hobby among children, many of whom continued the hobby as adults.--> [[Niger As]], primum [[tellus|mundi]] pittacium cursuale, a [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regno]] anno [[1840]] distribui coepit. Iuvenem [[Victoria (regina Britanniarum)|Victoriam Reginam]] effinxit. Sine [[perforatio]]nibus (imperforatum) factum est, et ergo opus erat chartam pittaciorum [[forfex|forficibus]] secare. Exempla Nigri Assis non adhibita rarissima sunt, sed exempla adhibita quotidiana sunt, emique possunt pro $20 ad $200. == Collectores notabiles == [[Fasciculus:John Lennon's stamp collection.jpg|thumb|Album pittaciorum [[Ioannes Lennon|Ioannis Lennon]].]] Nonnulli [[monarcha]]e [[Europa]]ei pittacia assidue collegebant, inter quos [[Georgius V (rex Britanniarum)|Georgius V]] Britanniarum Regni et [[Carolus II (rex Romaniae)|Carolus II]] rex [[Romania]]e. Georgius V, qui unam possedit ex pretiosissimis pittaciorum collectionibus, praeses [[Societas Regia Philatelica|Societatis Regiae Philatelicae]] facta est. Eius collectio hereditate excepit [[Elizabeth II (regina Britanniarum)|Elizabeth II]] Regina, quae, quamquam non [[philatelista]] intentissima, collectionem curat tegminum<!--?cvers--> diei primi Britannicorum et [[Consortio Populorum|Consortionis Populorum]] quam anno [[1952]] coepit.<ref name=court>Courtney 2004:303.</ref> [[Fridericus Mercury]], [[cantor]] gregis [[Queen]], pittacia [[puer]] collegit; eius puerile pittaciorum album nunc in collectione [[Museum et Archivum Cursuale Britannicum|Musei et Archivi Cursualis Britannici]] conservatur.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://postalheritage.wordpress.com/2009/06/30/famous-philatelists/ |title=Famous Philatelists |publisher=The British Postal Museum & Archive}}.</ref> [[Ioannes Lennon]], socius gregis [[The Beatles]], etiam puer fuit collector pittaciorum; cuius album pittaciorum a [[Museum Cursuale Nationale|Museo Cursuali Nationali]] conservatur.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.postalmuseum.si.edu/lennon/ |title=John Lennon - The Lost Album |publisher=National Postal Museum}}.</ref> In [[America]], [[Franklinus D. Roosevelt]], tricensimus secundus [[praeses Civitatum Foederatarum]], insigniter fuit collector pittaciorum; cum praeses esset, nonnulla pittacia commemorativa Americana revera designavit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.postalmuseum.si.edu/museum/1d_FDR.html |title=FDR–Stamp Collecting President |publisher=National Postal Museum}}.</ref> [[Ayn Rand]] senex fuit collector studiosissima.<ref>"Why I Like Stamp Collecting", Minkus Stamp Journal, 1971 [https://web.archive.org/web/20120717222123/http://www.ellensplace.net/ar_stamp.html], cf. "The new Ayn Rand companion", Mimi Reisel Gladstein, p. 130, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999, ISBN 0-313-30321-5.</ref> Nonnulli [[oblectamentum|ludiones]] [[athleta]]eque [[famosus|famosi]] collectores sunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Cabeen, Richard McP. [[1979]]. ''SStandard Handbook of Stamp Collecting.'' Sicagi: Collectors Club of Chicago. ISBN 0-690-01773-1. * Courtney, Nicholas. [[2004]]. ''The Queen's Stamps: The Authorised History of the Royal Philatelic Collection.'' Londinii: Methuen. ISBN 0-413-77228-4. * Klug, Janet. ''Guide to Stamp Collecting''. Smithsonian/Collins. ISBN 0-06-134139-8 (Children's/Young Adult) * Nankivell, Edward J. [[1902]]. ''Stamp Collecting as a Pastime: Stanley Gibbons Philatelic Handbooks.'' Dodo Press. ISBN 1-4065-3058-1. [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18204/18204-h/18204-h.htm Situs interretialis.] * Phillips, Stanley. [[1983]]. ''Stamp Collecting: A guide to modern philately.'' Ed. retractata. Londinii: Stanley Gibbons. ISBN 0-85259-047-4. * Watson, James. ''How to start Stamp Collecting.'' Londinii: Stanley Gibbons. ISBN 0-85259-617-0. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Philately|philateliam}} * [http://learnaboutstamps.com LearnAboutStamps.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210518233038/https://philatalk.com/ PhilaTalk.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705214607/http://www.postalheritage.org.uk/history/downloads/BPMA_Info_Sheet_Caring_for_stamps_and_postal_history.pdf Caring for stamps & postal history] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120112035237/http://www.reinhardfischerauktionen.de/lexikon_e.htm Dictionarium Philatelicum.] Anglice, Theodisce, Francogallice. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180118211425/http://www.stampnews.com/ StampNews.com] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytGKRiXa9d4 ''Stamp Story.''] [[Pellicula]] anni [[1955]] de collectione pittaciorum [[Categoria:Collectio pittaciorum| ]] [[Categoria:Termini philatelici]] 3lf2pxzzt06dcbzwanli8ueu0la92vu 0 267698 3966985 3933528 2026-06-27T08:13:55Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Delicia''' ([[Hispanice]] ''Delcy'') '''Eloina Rodríguez Gómez''' ([[Caracae|Caracis]] die [[18 Maii]] [[1969]] nata), est [[iuris consulta]] et [[politica]] [[Venetiola]]e. A die [[14 Iunii]] [[2018]], [[praeses vicarius]] Venetiolae fuit, sed die [[3 Ianuarii]] 2026, Maduro praeside a [[Copiae militares Civitatum Foederatarum|militibus Civitatum Foederatarum]] rapto, potestatem praesidis accepit, contra [[colonialismus|colonialismum]] [[Donaldus Trump|Donaldi Trump]], qui dixit se [[petroleum]] Venetiolanum possidere velle.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crkr4y717k7o "Trump wants Venezuela's oil. Will his plan work?"]</ref> ==Vita== Delicia Rodríguez filia est Marxistae rerum novarum cupidi [[Georgius Antonius Rodríguez|Georgii Antonii Rodríguez]]. Alumna est [[Universitas Centralis Venetiolana|universitatis centralis Venetiolanae]] ubi postea docuit, insuper [[universitas Parisiensis X|universitatis Parisiensis X]] et [[Collegium Birkbeck|collegii Birkbeck]] [[Londinium|Londiniensis]]. A praeside [[Nicolaus Maduro|Nicolao Maduro]] die [[26 Decembris]] [[2014]] cancellaria i.e. ministra a rebus externis creata est, successor [[Raphael Ramírez|Raphaeli Ramírez Carreño]]. A quo officio die [[21 Iunii]] [[2017]] dimissionem petivit. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20141226220139/http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/actualidad/politica/perfil---delcy-eloina-rodriguez-asume-el-control-d.aspx Delcy Rodríguez asume el control de la política exterior venezolana]" in ''El Mundo'' (26 Decembris 2014) {{Ministri rerum externarum Venetiolani}} {{Lifetime|1969||Rodriguez, Delicia}} [[Categoria:Alumni Instituti Mechanicorum et Collegii Birkbeck]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Centralis Venetiolanae]] [[Categoria:Alumni universitatum et scholarum Parisiensium]] [[Categoria:Iuris consulti]] [[Categoria:Politici Venetiolae]] q5jznkghkqahi2r8uzmz9bajqprvzka 0 271430 3966924 3599304 2026-06-26T20:55:06Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966924 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cornelius''' ("Cor") '''van den Heuvel''' (natus [[Biddefordia (Cenomannica)|Biddefordiae]] [[Cenomannica]]e die [[6 Martii]] [[1931]]) est [[poeta]] [[haicu]]isticus, [[editor]], [[interpres]], et [[archivum|archivista]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanus]]. In Cenomannica et [[Nova Hantonia]] adolevit. [[Urbs Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]] cum Leonia "Leigh" Larrecq [[uxor]]e habitat. Tres annos in [[Classis Aeria Civitatum Foederatarum|Classi Aeria Civitatum Foederatarum]] meruit, et [[baccalaureatus|gradum baccalaureatum]] anno [[1957]] in [[Universitas Neo-Hantoniensis|Universitate Neo-Hantoniensi]] accepit. [[M. A.|Gradum M.A.]] in [[Universitas Neo-Eboracensis|Universitate Neo-Eboracensi]] anno [[1968]] accepit. In haicu [[Franciscopolis|Franciscopoli]] anno [[1958]] incidit cum [[Gary Snyder]] hoc [[genus (ars)|genus]] in [[acroasis|acroasi]] poetico commemoraret.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121221063306/http://www.haiku-hia.com/snk_HEUVEL_en.html Cor van den HEUVEL]( 26 Ianuarii 2013) in situ interretiali Haiku International Association proprio.</ref> Nonnullorum suorum haicu [[liber|libros]] protulit, inter quos unus de [[basipila]]. Editor fuit trium ''The Haiku Anthology'' editionum: primae a Doubleday [[1974]], secundae a Simon & Schuster [[1986]], tertiae a Norton anno [[1999]] prolatae. Operam ''[[Newsweek]]'' [[magazina]]e dedit usque ad [[1988]], cum in otium veniret. == Opera == * ''The Haiku Anthology'' (editor), editio 1a, Anchor Books, 1974, ISBN 9780385094740. * ''The Haiku Anthology'' (editor), editio 2a, Simon and Schuster, 1986, ISBN 0671628372. * ''The Haiku Anthology'' (editor), editio 3a, Norton, 1999, ISBN 0393321185. * ''Past Time: Baseball Haiku'' (editor, cum [[Iacobus Kacian|Iacobo Kacian]]), Red Moon Press, 1999, ISBN 9781893959071. * ''Play Ball: Baseball Haiku'' (auctor), Red Moon Press, 1999, ISBN 9781893959064. * ''Baseball Haiku'' (editor, cum Nanae Tamura), Norton, 2007, ISBN 9780393062199. * ''A Boy's Seasons: [[Haibun]] Memoirs,'' poemata autobiographica (auctor), Single Island Press, 2010, ISBN 9780974089584. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == * [https://www.amazon.com/Cor-van-den-Heuvel/e/B001IOFH78/ref=ntt_dp_epwbk_0 Autobiographia brevis.] Amazon.com. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121221063306/http://www.haiku-hia.com/snk_HEUVEL_en.html Biographia.] Haiku International Association. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060922112658/http://www.millikin.edu/haiku/writerprofiles/CorvandenHeuval.html"Writer Profile: Cor Van den Heuval" (sic).] Millikin University Haiku. {{Lifetime|1931||Van den Heuvel, Cornelius}} <!--classis aeria--> [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Neo-Eboracensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Neo-Hantoniensis]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Autobiographi]] [[Categoria:Editores]] [[Categoria:Incolae Cenomannicae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Novi Eboraci]] [[Categoria:Interpretes textuum Iaponicorum]] [[Categoria:Milites Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Poetae Civitatum Foederatarum]] 1brbz8m1dt2zgftvlvz6u3powz6xyj4 0 275686 3966890 3952825 2026-06-26T19:44:27Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Inveni formam Latinam nominis 3966890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Movenda|Djamius}} [[Fasciculus:Jami poet.jpg|thumb|Djamius.]] [[Fasciculus:Jami Rose Garden.jpg|thumb|Imago ex ''Roseto Piorum'' (1553), quae imago [[litterae Persicae|poesin Persicum]] et [[miniatura Persica|miniaturam Persicam]] miscet, ut in multis litterarum Persicarum operibus.]] [[Fasciculus:Youth and his father.jpg|thumb|"[[Iuvenis]] consilium [[pater|patris]] de [[amor]]e petit." Scaena ex ''Haft Awrang'' Jami, in [[fabula]] "Pater Amorem Filio Suadet." (Vide ''Nazar ila'l-murd,'' [[Institutum Smithsonianum]], [[Vasingtonia (DC)|Vasingtoniae]] D.C.).]] '''Nouroddinus Abdorrahmanus Djamius''',<ref>"Quo scribendi genere nemo maiorem sibi gloriam acquisivit Nouroddino Abdorrahmano Djamio, decimi quinti seculi poëta"; ''Bibliotheca critica nova. Volumen II'' (Lugduni Batavorum, 1826): 182 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_critica_nova_Edentibus_I_Bak/q4UQAAAAIAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Nouroddino+Djamio&pg=PA182&printsec=frontcover].</ref> vulgo ''Nur ad-Dīn Abd ar-Rahmān Jāmī'' ([[Persice]] نورالدین عبدالرحمن جامی),<ref>Etiam ''Mawlanā Nūr al-Dīn 'Abd al-Rahmān'' et ''Abd-Al-Rahmān Nur-Al-Din Muhammad Dashti'' appellatus.</ref> breviter Jāmī,{{FD ref}} et in [[Turcia]] '''Molla Cami''' (natus [[Minaret Jam|Jam]] in [[Maior Khorasan|Khorasan]]<ref>Hodierna [[Ghor provincia|provincia Ghor]] [[Afgania]]e.</ref> die [[7 Novembris]] [[1414]]; mortuus [[Herat]] in [[Maior Khorasan|Khorasan]]<ref>Hodierna [[Aria (regio Asiae)|provincia Heratensi]] [[Afgania]]e.</ref> die [[9 Novembris]] [[1492]]), fuit [[poeta]] [[Persae|Persicus]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Culture and Circulation: Literature in Motion in Early Modern India|date=2014|publisher=BRILL| isbn=9789004264489|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8pMXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR9&dq=Persian+polymath&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWv4npt83UAhUCUlAKHUnoCcU4ChDoAQgiMAA#v=onepage&q=Persian%20polymath&f=false|quote=worksof the Persian polymath ʿAbd al-RahmanJami (1414–1492) under the auspices of the Neubauer Collegium for ...}}.</ref> qui [[philologus]], [[peripatetici]], [[philosophia Islamica|philosophiae Islamica]] peritus et [[scriptor]] [[litterae|litterarum]] [[mystica|mysticarum]] [[eruditio]]ne innotuit. Praesertim fuit egregius [[schola]]e [[Ibn Arabi]] et [[sufismus|sufi]] [[Khwajagan|Khwājagānī]] poeta et [[theologus]], eloquentia et [[metaphysica]] [[misericordia]]e explicatione praeclarus.<ref>Rizvi.</ref><ref>Williams 1961.</ref> Eius opera populo gratissima sunt ''Haft Awrang, Tuhfat al-Ahrar, Layla wal Majnun, Fatihat al-Shabab, Lawa'ih, Al-Durrah al-Fakhirah.'' Jami octoginta septem [[liber|libros]] multasque [[epistula]]s scripsit. {{NexInt}} *[[Ghazal]] *[[Litterae Persiae]]<!-- * [[List of Persian poets and authors]] * [[Nazar ill'al-murd]]--> ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== *Browne, E. G. [[1998]]. ''Literary History of Persia''. ISBN 978-0-7007-0406-4. *Chopra, R. M. [[2014]]. ''Great Poets of Classical Persian.'' Colcatae: Sparrow Publications. ISBN 978-81-89140-75-5. *Erkinov Aftandi. [[1999]]. La querelle sur l`ancien et le nouveau dans les formes litteraires traditionnelles: Remarques sur les positions de Jâmi et de Navâ`i. ''Annali del`Istituto Universitario Orientale'' 59: 18–37. *Erkinov, Aftandil. [[2002]]. Manuscripts of the works by classical Persian authors (Hāfiz, Jāmī, Bīdil): Quantitative Analysis of 17th–19th c. Central Asian Copies. In ''Iran: Questions et connaissances. Actes du IVe Congrès Européen des études iraniennes organisé par la Societas Iranologica Europaea,'' Lutetiae, 6–10 Septembre 1999, vol. II: Périodes médiévale et moderne. Cahiers de Studia Iranica, 26, ed. M. Szuppe, 213–228. Lutetiae et Lugduni: Association pour l`avancement des études iraniennes-Peeters Press. *Jami. [[2010]]. [http://www.goldenelixir.com/press/suf_02_flashes_ebook.html ''Flashesof Light: A Treatise on Sufism.''] Golden Elixir Press. ISBN 978-0-9843082-2-4. Ebook. *Rizvi, Sajjad. The Existential Breath of al-rahman and the Munificent Grace of al-rahim: The Tafsir Surat al-Fatiha of Jami and the School of Ibn Arabi. ''Journal of Qur'anic Studies.'' *Rypka, Jan. [[1968]]. ''History of Iranian Literature.'' Reidel Publishing Company. OCLC 460598. ISBN 978-90-277-0143-5. *Shīrānī, Ḥāfiż Mahmūd. [[1944]]. Dībācha-ye awwal [Praefatio prima]. In ''Ḥifż ul-Lisān,'' ed. Ḥāfiż Mahmūd Shīrānī. Delli: Anjumman-e Taraqqi-e Urdū. *Williams, John. [[1961]]. ''Islam.'' Novi Eboraci: George Braziller. ==Nexus externi==<!-- {{wikisource author}} *{{Internet Archive author}} --> *[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/jami/jami.php De Jami.] Iran Chamber Society. *[http://beutel.narod.ru/write/yusuf.htm Jami's Yusuf and Zulaikha: A Study in the Method of Appropriation of Sacred Text.] *[http://www.kellscraft.com/SALAMANandABSAL/SALAMANandABSALContentPage.html ''Salaman and Absal,'' in Anglicum conversus ab Edward Fitzgerald, 1904.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140925190351/http://www.scribd.com/doc/30138421/deewan-e-Jami Persian deewan of Jami.] Inoneratus ab Javed Hussen. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909115246/http://www.maktabah.org/index.php/byauthor/383.html Onlinebooks by Jami.] maktabah.org] *{{Gutenberg author | id=Jami | name=Jami}} {{Lifetime|1414|1492|Jami}} [[Categoria:Auctores Persici]] [[Categoria:Epistolographi]] [[Categoria:Poetae Iraniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Iraniae]]<!-- [[Category:Sufi poets]] [[Category:People from Herat]]--> {{Myrias|Homines}} ef7vhdwjwc5vzb113d55ehi9xwgfw6h 0 275690 3966888 3960668 2026-06-26T19:41:03Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Inveni formam Latinam nominis 3966888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Movenda|Saadius}} [[Fasciculus:Sadi in a Rose garden.jpg|thumb|Saadius in [[rosa|roseto]]. Ex [[manuscriptum|manuscripto]] Mughal operis ''Gulistan'' (circa 1645).]] {{res|Abū-Muhammad Muslih al-Dīn bin Abdallāh Šīrāzī}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=el83fRv4GakC&pg=PA75&dq=magic+carpet+one+thousand+and+one+night&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8S9XT_HCMsXK0QWLpcHLDQ&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBQ#v=snippet&q=Saadi%20Shirazi&f=false|title=Kathryn Hinds, ''The City.'' Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2012-08-13}}.</ref> ([[Persice]] ابومحمد مصلح‌الدین بن عبدالله شیرازی), [[nomen litterarium|nomine litterario]]<!--pen-name--> '''{{res|Saadi}}us'''<ref>"[...] si sumtus et labores in '''Saädium''', Hafezum, Nizamium Djamiumque edendos vertendosque collati, huic uni, poëtarum Orientalium principi tributi fuissent?"; ''Bibliotheca critica nova. Volumen II'' (Lugduni Batavorum, 1826): 210-211 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_critica_nova_Edentibus_I_Bak/q4UQAAAAIAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Nizamium&pg=PA211&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (et {{res|Saadi Sirasiensis}}{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1='''Schirasiensis''', — {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Geitlin|Gabrielis Geitlin|fi|qid=Q5754980}} [https://books.google.ru/books?id=5H0UAAAAQAAJ ''Specimen academicum "Pendnâmeh" sive librum consiliorum Scheich Musliheddin Saadi Schirasiensis...'', Helsingforsiae 1835]; '''Shirazensis''', — [https://books.google.ru/books?id=9C9Z56i5jDoC&q=saadi+shirazensis#v=snippet&q=saadi%20shirazensis&f=false ''Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliae et Hiberniae...'', vol. I, 1697].|2=Q5754980}}, [[Persice]] سعدی شیرازی ''Saʿdi Šīrāzī'') notissimus, fuit [[poeta]] et [[auctor]] [[Persia|Persicus]]<ref>[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sadi-sirazi/''Encyclopedia Iranica'']: "SAʿDI, Abu Moḥammad Mošarref-al-Din Moṣleḥ b. ʿAbd-Allāh b. Mošarref Širāzi, Persian poet and prose writer (b. Shiraz, ca. 1210; d. Shiraz, d. 1291 or 1292), widely recognized as one of the greatest masters of the classical literary tradition."</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sadi/''Encylopaedia Britannica'']: "Saʿdī, also spelled Saadi, byname of Musharrif al-Dīn ibn Muṣlih al-Dīn, (born c. 1213, Shīrāz, Iran—died Dec. 9, 1291, Shīrāz), Persian poet, one of the greatest figures in classical Persian literature."</ref> [[aevum medium|aevi medii]]. Natus [[Sirasium|Sirasio]] in [[urbs|urbe]] [[Irania|Persica]] circa annum [[1208]]; ibidem mortuus est anno [[1291]] aut [[1292]]. [[Fasciculus:Sadi1.jpg|thumb|Prima pagina ''[[Bostan (liber)|Bustan]],'' e [[manuscriptum|manuscripto]] [[Imperium Mogolicum|Mogolicum]].]] [[Virtus|Virtute]] eius [[scriptura]]rum et profunditate eius [[cogitatio|cogitatorum]] [[theoria socialis|socialium]] [[philosophia moralis|moraliumque]] innotuit. Late habetur unus e maximis classicae [[traditio]]nis [[litterae|litterariae]] poetis; ergo eius [[epitheton]] inter eruditos [[lingua Persica|linguae Persicae]]: "Dominus [[oratio]]nis" (Persice استاد سخن), breviter "Dominus." ==Opera== ''[[Bustanum]]'' (''Hortus fructuum'') est poema Saadi principale, praecepta [[Sufismus|sufica]] docens. ''[[Gulistanum]]''<ref>[https://books.google.ru/books?id=13YIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA30&dq=gulistanum&hl=fr&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwighvuY87SAAxVxExAIHQE7AjsQ6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Codices Orientales Bibliothecae regiae Hafniensis'', pars I, 1846, p. 130]; [https://books.google.ru/books?id=avvwF-ppPo0C&pg=PA116&dq=gulistanum&hl=fr&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwighvuY87SAAxVxExAIHQE7AjsQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=gulistanum&f=false ''Journal d'Antoine Galland...'', vol. I, Lutetiae 1881, p. 116].</ref> (''Hortus florum, Terra florum'', vel ''Rosarium'', ut [[Georgius Gentius]] vertit), partim versibus, partim [[oratio soluta|oratione soluta]] anno 1258 compositus, proverbia multa et narrationes continet. Praeter ea opera lyrica permulta reliquit. [[Fasciculus:The Rose Garden - WDL.tiff|thumb|Exemplar operum Saadi Sirasiensis a [[Safvet beg Bašagić]] (1870–1934), erudito [[Bosnia]]co factum.]] ==Citationes== Praeterea citatus est in traditionibus [[cultura Occidentalis|Occidentalibus]]. [[Alexander Puskinus]], unus ex celeberrimis poetis [[Russia|Russicis]], Saadi sic citat in ''[[Евгений Онегин|Eugenio Onegin]]'' [[poema]]te suo: "ut iamdudum cecinit Saadi, 'nonnulli remotissimi, nonnulli mortui sunt.'"<ref>Textus [http://lib.ru/LITRA/PUSHKIN/ENGLISH/onegin_j.txtomnis poematis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} hic legi potest.</ref> ''Gulistanum'' nonnullas [[fabula]]s [[Ioannes de La Fontaine|Ioannis de la Fontaine]] movit. [[Beniaminus Franklinius]] in DLXXXVIII ''A Parable on Persecution'', uno e suis operibus, nonnullas [[parabola]]s e ''[[Bustanum|Bustano]]'' libro Saadiensi citat, fontem ut videtur ignorans.<ref>Yohannan 1977: xxv-xxvi.</ref> [[Radulphus Waldo Emerson]], qui scripturas Saadienses etiam legit (solum autem [[Anglice]]), opera Saadiensia cum [[Biblia Sacra|Bibliis Sacris]] pro [[sapientia]] et [[pulchritudo|pulchritudine]] [[narratio]]nis comparat.<ref>Milani 2004: 39.</ref> [[Baracus Obama]] [[praeses Civitatum Foederatarum]] primos cuiusdam poematis [[versus]] in salutatione [[Novus Annus|Novi Anni]] ad populos Iraniae die [[20 Martii]] [[2009]] sic citavit, "[[Vocabulum|Verba]] meminerimus quae a Saadi poeta abhinc permultos annos scripta sunt: '[[Liberi]] [[Adamus|Adami]] membra inter se sunt, ex una [[essentia]] creata.'"<ref>[[Anglice]]: "Let us remember the words that were written by the poet Saadi, so many years ago: 'The children of Adam are limbs to each other, having been created of one essence.'"</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/VIDEOTAPED-REMARKS-BY-THE-PRESIDENT-IN-CELEBRATION-OF-NOWRUZ/ |title=US President Obama's New Year's greeting to the people of Iran, March, 2009 |publisher=web.archive.org |date= |accessdate=2013-08-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328151311/http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/VIDEOTAPED-REMARKS-BY-THE-PRESIDENT-IN-CELEBRATION-OF-NOWRUZ/ |archivedate=28 Martii 2009}}.</ref> ==Versio Latina== ''Gulistanum'' {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Gentius||d|qid=Q59532832}}<ref>[https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=9&page=146&view=imagePane&accessor=accessor_index De Gentio] {{ling|Nederlandice}}</ref> Latine vertit et edidit anno 1651. ==Opera selecta== *[[1981]]. ''Aus dem Diwan.'' Ed. Annemarie Schimmel. Stutgardiae: Reclam. ISBN 3-15-007944-6. *[[1990]]. ''Saadi’s Bostan.'' Osnabrück: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 3-7648-0592-7. *[[2001]]. ''Saʿdi der Weise: Die Lieder und Sprüche des Saʿdi.'' Kelkhamiae: Yinyang-Media-Verlag. ISBN 3-9806799-6-9. *[[2004]]. ''Hundertundeine Geschichte aus dem Rosengarten: Ein Brevier orientalischer Lebenskunst.'' Monaci et Turici: Piper. ISBN 3-492-24334-7. ==Mausoleum== <gallery> Fasciculus:Saadi Tomb.jpg|[[Mausoleum]] Saadii [[Shiraz]] in urbe [[Irania]]e Fasciculus:Sa'die 10.jpg|[[Opus tesellatum]] in mausoleo Fasciculus:Saadi tomb.jpg|[[Sepulcrum]] Saadii in mausoleo Fasciculus:Tomb of Sheikh Saadi by Eugène Flandin.jpg|Sepulcrum Sheikh Saadii ab [[Eugenius Flandin|Eugenio Flandin]], 1851 Fasciculus:Tomb of Saadi by Pascal Coste.jpg|Sepulcrum Saadii a [[Pascal Coste]], 1867 Fasciculus:Tomb of Persian poet Sadi of Shiraz2.jpg|Sepulcrum Saadii e caelo, 20 Aprilis 2014 Fasciculus:Tomb of Persian poet Sadi of Shiraz1.jpg|Aditus ad sepulcrum Saadii, die 20 Aprilis 2014 </gallery> ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== *Browne, E. G. [[1998]]. ''Literary History of Persia.'' 4 vol. ISBN 0-7007-0406-X. *Chopra, R. M. [[2014]]. "Great Poets of Classical Persian." Colcatae: Sparrow Publications. ISBN 978-81-89140-75-5. *Katouzian, Homa. [[2006]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190826175640/http://library.globalchalet.net/Authors/Poetry%20Books%20Collection/Sa%27di%20-%20The%20Poet%20of%20Life,%20Love%20and%20Compassion.pdf ''Sa'di, the Poet of Life, Love and Compassion.''] Studium Saadi et eorum operum. ISBN 1-85168-473-5. *Milani, A. [[2004]]. ''Lost Wisdom.'' Vasingtoniae. ISBN 0-934211-90-6. *Rypka, Jan. [[1968]]. ''History of Iranian Literature.'' Reidel Publishing Company. OCLC 460598. ISBN 90-277-0143-1. *[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/saadi/saadi.php Persian Language & Literature: Saadi Shirazi.] *Thackston, W. M. [[2008]]. ''The Gulistan of Sa'di.'' Textus Persicus et Anglicus. ISBN 978-1-58814-058-6. *Wikens, G, M. [[1985]]. ''The Bustan of Sheikh Moslehedin Saadi Shirarzi.'' In Anglicum conversus, cum textu primo. Iranian National Commission for Unesco, No. 46. *Yohannan, J. D. [[1977]]. ''Persian Poetry in England and America: A Two Hundred Year History.'' Novi Eboraci: Caravan Books. ISBN 978-0882060064. ==Nexus externi== {{Wikiquote|Saadi|Saadium}} {{CommuniaCat|Sa'di|Saadium}}<!-- *{{Internet Archive author |sname=Saadi Shirazi}} *{{Librivox author |id=8917}}--> *[https://books.google.ru/books?id=q71EAAAAcAAJ Musladini ''Sadi Rosarium Politicum, Sive Amoenum Sortis Humanae Theatrum''] (Georgii Gentii versio Latina) *[https://archive.org/details/bustansadi00edwagoog ''The Bustan of Saadi.''] Editio Anglica ab A. Hart Edwards, 1911. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110604055327/http://classics.mit.edu/Sadi/gulistan.html ''The Gulistan of Sa'di.''] *''[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/saadi/books/bostan_saadi.pdf ''The Bustan of Saadi.''] Iran Chamber, *[http://www.anobanini.ir/travel/fa/fars/1386/10/post_6.php Photographema sepulcri Saadi.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140909185833/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/221/ "Verses in Persian and Chaghatay."] *[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2423 Ghazal Saadi.]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20170331115933/http://danamotor.ir/lightbox.php?med=Ax_Persian_Arts_Iranian_Carpet_Oneness_of_Mankind_Rug_Dialogue_Among_Civilizations_UN_North_Delegates_Lounge_United_Nations_2005-425935761773400.jpg&lang=en Photographema tapetae quae ''Bani Adam'' continet, Consociationi Nationum concessae.] Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20181106234957/http://www.payvand.com/news/05/aug/1234.html ''Payvand News,'' 24 Augusti 2005.] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OcQHSg_YZ6I ''Bani Adam'' Persice recitatum ab Amir H. Ghaseminejad.] *[http://ganjoor.net/saadi/golestan/dibache/ Introductio ad ''Golestan'' Persice recitatum ab Hamidreza Mohammadi.] {{Lifetime|1208|saeculo 13|Saadi}} [[Categoria:Auctores Persici]] [[Categoria:Incolae Iraniae]] [[Categoria:Poetae Iraniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Iraniae]]<!-- [[Category:Sufi poets]] [[Category:Iranian Sufis]] [[Category:Sufi fiction]]--> {{Myrias|Homines}} e825xdffqq9ldr6tk1ifyiga55ba8gb 3966893 3966888 2026-06-26T19:45:56Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 3966893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Movenda|Saadius}} [[Fasciculus:Sadi in a Rose garden.jpg|thumb|Saadius in [[rosa|roseto]]. Ex [[manuscriptum|manuscripto]] Mughal operis ''Gulistan'' (circa 1645).]] {{res|Abū-Muhammad Muslih al-Dīn bin Abdallāh Šīrāzī}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=el83fRv4GakC&pg=PA75&dq=magic+carpet+one+thousand+and+one+night&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8S9XT_HCMsXK0QWLpcHLDQ&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBQ#v=snippet&q=Saadi%20Shirazi&f=false|title=Kathryn Hinds, ''The City.'' Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2012-08-13}}.</ref> ([[Persice]] ابومحمد مصلح‌الدین بن عبدالله شیرازی), [[nomen litterarium|nomine litterario]]<!--pen-name--> '''{{res|Saadius}}'''<ref>"[...] si sumtus et labores in '''Saädium''', Hafezum, Nizamium Djamiumque edendos vertendosque collati, huic uni, poëtarum Orientalium principi tributi fuissent?"; ''Bibliotheca critica nova. Volumen II'' (Lugduni Batavorum, 1826): 210-211 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_critica_nova_Edentibus_I_Bak/q4UQAAAAIAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Nizamium&pg=PA211&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (et {{res|Saadi Sirasiensis}}{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1='''Schirasiensis''', — {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Geitlin|Gabrielis Geitlin|fi|qid=Q5754980}} [https://books.google.ru/books?id=5H0UAAAAQAAJ ''Specimen academicum "Pendnâmeh" sive librum consiliorum Scheich Musliheddin Saadi Schirasiensis...'', Helsingforsiae 1835]; '''Shirazensis''', — [https://books.google.ru/books?id=9C9Z56i5jDoC&q=saadi+shirazensis#v=snippet&q=saadi%20shirazensis&f=false ''Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliae et Hiberniae...'', vol. I, 1697].|2=Q5754980}}, [[Persice]] سعدی شیرازی ''Saʿdi Šīrāzī'') notissimus, fuit [[poeta]] et [[auctor]] [[Persia|Persicus]]<ref>[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sadi-sirazi/''Encyclopedia Iranica'']: "SAʿDI, Abu Moḥammad Mošarref-al-Din Moṣleḥ b. ʿAbd-Allāh b. Mošarref Širāzi, Persian poet and prose writer (b. Shiraz, ca. 1210; d. Shiraz, d. 1291 or 1292), widely recognized as one of the greatest masters of the classical literary tradition."</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sadi/''Encylopaedia Britannica'']: "Saʿdī, also spelled Saadi, byname of Musharrif al-Dīn ibn Muṣlih al-Dīn, (born c. 1213, Shīrāz, Iran—died Dec. 9, 1291, Shīrāz), Persian poet, one of the greatest figures in classical Persian literature."</ref> [[aevum medium|aevi medii]]. Natus [[Sirasium|Sirasio]] in [[urbs|urbe]] [[Irania|Persica]] circa annum [[1208]]; ibidem mortuus est anno [[1291]] aut [[1292]]. [[Fasciculus:Sadi1.jpg|thumb|Prima pagina ''[[Bostan (liber)|Bustan]],'' e [[manuscriptum|manuscripto]] [[Imperium Mogolicum|Mogolicum]].]] [[Virtus|Virtute]] eius [[scriptura]]rum et profunditate eius [[cogitatio|cogitatorum]] [[theoria socialis|socialium]] [[philosophia moralis|moraliumque]] innotuit. Late habetur unus e maximis classicae [[traditio]]nis [[litterae|litterariae]] poetis; ergo eius [[epitheton]] inter eruditos [[lingua Persica|linguae Persicae]]: "Dominus [[oratio]]nis" (Persice استاد سخن), breviter "Dominus." ==Opera== ''[[Bustanum]]'' (''Hortus fructuum'') est poema Saadii principale, praecepta [[Sufismus|sufica]] docens. ''[[Gulistanum]]''<ref>[https://books.google.ru/books?id=13YIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA30&dq=gulistanum&hl=fr&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwighvuY87SAAxVxExAIHQE7AjsQ6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Codices Orientales Bibliothecae regiae Hafniensis'', pars I, 1846, p. 130]; [https://books.google.ru/books?id=avvwF-ppPo0C&pg=PA116&dq=gulistanum&hl=fr&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwighvuY87SAAxVxExAIHQE7AjsQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=gulistanum&f=false ''Journal d'Antoine Galland...'', vol. I, Lutetiae 1881, p. 116].</ref> (''Hortus florum, Terra florum'', vel ''Rosarium'', ut [[Georgius Gentius]] vertit), partim versibus, partim [[oratio soluta|oratione soluta]] anno 1258 compositus, proverbia multa et narrationes continet. Praeter ea opera lyrica permulta reliquit. [[Fasciculus:The Rose Garden - WDL.tiff|thumb|Exemplar operum Saadi Sirasiensis a [[Safvet beg Bašagić]] (1870–1934), erudito [[Bosnia]]co factum.]] ==Citationes== Praeterea citatus est in traditionibus [[cultura Occidentalis|Occidentalibus]]. [[Alexander Puskinus]], unus ex celeberrimis poetis [[Russia|Russicis]], Saadium sic citat in ''[[Евгений Онегин|Eugenio Onegin]]'' [[poema]]te suo: "ut iamdudum cecinit Saadi, 'nonnulli remotissimi, nonnulli mortui sunt.'"<ref>Textus [http://lib.ru/LITRA/PUSHKIN/ENGLISH/onegin_j.txtomnis poematis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} hic legi potest.</ref> ''Gulistanum'' nonnullas [[fabula]]s [[Ioannes de La Fontaine|Ioannis de la Fontaine]] movit. [[Beniaminus Franklinius]] in DLXXXVIII ''A Parable on Persecution'', uno e suis operibus, nonnullas [[parabola]]s e ''[[Bustanum|Bustano]]'' libro Saadiensi citat, fontem ut videtur ignorans.<ref>Yohannan 1977: xxv-xxvi.</ref> [[Radulphus Waldo Emerson]], qui scripturas Saadienses etiam legit (solum autem [[Anglice]]), opera Saadiensia cum [[Biblia Sacra|Bibliis Sacris]] pro [[sapientia]] et [[pulchritudo|pulchritudine]] [[narratio]]nis comparat.<ref>Milani 2004: 39.</ref> [[Baracus Obama]] [[praeses Civitatum Foederatarum]] primos cuiusdam poematis [[versus]] in salutatione [[Novus Annus|Novi Anni]] ad populos Iraniae die [[20 Martii]] [[2009]] sic citavit, "[[Vocabulum|Verba]] meminerimus quae a Saadi poeta abhinc permultos annos scripta sunt: '[[Liberi]] [[Adamus|Adami]] membra inter se sunt, ex una [[essentia]] creata.'"<ref>[[Anglice]]: "Let us remember the words that were written by the poet Saadi, so many years ago: 'The children of Adam are limbs to each other, having been created of one essence.'"</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/VIDEOTAPED-REMARKS-BY-THE-PRESIDENT-IN-CELEBRATION-OF-NOWRUZ/ |title=US President Obama's New Year's greeting to the people of Iran, March, 2009 |publisher=web.archive.org |date= |accessdate=2013-08-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328151311/http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/VIDEOTAPED-REMARKS-BY-THE-PRESIDENT-IN-CELEBRATION-OF-NOWRUZ/ |archivedate=28 Martii 2009}}.</ref> ==Versio Latina== ''Gulistanum'' {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Gentius||d|qid=Q59532832}}<ref>[https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=9&page=146&view=imagePane&accessor=accessor_index De Gentio] {{ling|Nederlandice}}</ref> Latine vertit et edidit anno 1651. ==Opera selecta== *[[1981]]. ''Aus dem Diwan.'' Ed. Annemarie Schimmel. Stutgardiae: Reclam. ISBN 3-15-007944-6. *[[1990]]. ''Saadi’s Bostan.'' Osnabrück: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 3-7648-0592-7. *[[2001]]. ''Saʿdi der Weise: Die Lieder und Sprüche des Saʿdi.'' Kelkhamiae: Yinyang-Media-Verlag. ISBN 3-9806799-6-9. *[[2004]]. ''Hundertundeine Geschichte aus dem Rosengarten: Ein Brevier orientalischer Lebenskunst.'' Monaci et Turici: Piper. ISBN 3-492-24334-7. ==Mausoleum== <gallery> Fasciculus:Saadi Tomb.jpg|[[Mausoleum]] Saadii [[Shiraz]] in urbe [[Irania]]e Fasciculus:Sa'die 10.jpg|[[Opus tesellatum]] in mausoleo Fasciculus:Saadi tomb.jpg|[[Sepulcrum]] Saadii in mausoleo Fasciculus:Tomb of Sheikh Saadi by Eugène Flandin.jpg|Sepulcrum Sheikh Saadii ab [[Eugenius Flandin|Eugenio Flandin]], 1851 Fasciculus:Tomb of Saadi by Pascal Coste.jpg|Sepulcrum Saadii a [[Pascal Coste]], 1867 Fasciculus:Tomb of Persian poet Sadi of Shiraz2.jpg|Sepulcrum Saadii e caelo, 20 Aprilis 2014 Fasciculus:Tomb of Persian poet Sadi of Shiraz1.jpg|Aditus ad sepulcrum Saadii, die 20 Aprilis 2014 </gallery> ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== *Browne, E. G. [[1998]]. ''Literary History of Persia.'' 4 vol. ISBN 0-7007-0406-X. *Chopra, R. M. [[2014]]. "Great Poets of Classical Persian." Colcatae: Sparrow Publications. ISBN 978-81-89140-75-5. *Katouzian, Homa. [[2006]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190826175640/http://library.globalchalet.net/Authors/Poetry%20Books%20Collection/Sa%27di%20-%20The%20Poet%20of%20Life,%20Love%20and%20Compassion.pdf ''Sa'di, the Poet of Life, Love and Compassion.''] Studium Saadi et eorum operum. ISBN 1-85168-473-5. *Milani, A. [[2004]]. ''Lost Wisdom.'' Vasingtoniae. ISBN 0-934211-90-6. *Rypka, Jan. [[1968]]. ''History of Iranian Literature.'' Reidel Publishing Company. OCLC 460598. ISBN 90-277-0143-1. *[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/saadi/saadi.php Persian Language & Literature: Saadi Shirazi.] *Thackston, W. M. [[2008]]. ''The Gulistan of Sa'di.'' Textus Persicus et Anglicus. ISBN 978-1-58814-058-6. *Wikens, G, M. [[1985]]. ''The Bustan of Sheikh Moslehedin Saadi Shirarzi.'' In Anglicum conversus, cum textu primo. Iranian National Commission for Unesco, No. 46. *Yohannan, J. D. [[1977]]. ''Persian Poetry in England and America: A Two Hundred Year History.'' Novi Eboraci: Caravan Books. ISBN 978-0882060064. ==Nexus externi== {{Wikiquote|Saadi|Saadium}} {{CommuniaCat|Sa'di|Saadium}}<!-- *{{Internet Archive author |sname=Saadi Shirazi}} *{{Librivox author |id=8917}}--> *[https://books.google.ru/books?id=q71EAAAAcAAJ Musladini ''Sadi Rosarium Politicum, Sive Amoenum Sortis Humanae Theatrum''] (Georgii Gentii versio Latina) *[https://archive.org/details/bustansadi00edwagoog ''The Bustan of Saadi.''] Editio Anglica ab A. Hart Edwards, 1911. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110604055327/http://classics.mit.edu/Sadi/gulistan.html ''The Gulistan of Sa'di.''] *''[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/saadi/books/bostan_saadi.pdf ''The Bustan of Saadi.''] Iran Chamber, *[http://www.anobanini.ir/travel/fa/fars/1386/10/post_6.php Photographema sepulcri Saadi.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140909185833/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/221/ "Verses in Persian and Chaghatay."] *[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2423 Ghazal Saadi.]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20170331115933/http://danamotor.ir/lightbox.php?med=Ax_Persian_Arts_Iranian_Carpet_Oneness_of_Mankind_Rug_Dialogue_Among_Civilizations_UN_North_Delegates_Lounge_United_Nations_2005-425935761773400.jpg&lang=en Photographema tapetae quae ''Bani Adam'' continet, Consociationi Nationum concessae.] Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20181106234957/http://www.payvand.com/news/05/aug/1234.html ''Payvand News,'' 24 Augusti 2005.] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OcQHSg_YZ6I ''Bani Adam'' Persice recitatum ab Amir H. Ghaseminejad.] *[http://ganjoor.net/saadi/golestan/dibache/ Introductio ad ''Golestan'' Persice recitatum ab Hamidreza Mohammadi.] {{Lifetime|1208|saeculo 13|Saadi}} [[Categoria:Auctores Persici]] [[Categoria:Incolae Iraniae]] [[Categoria:Poetae Iraniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Iraniae]]<!-- [[Category:Sufi poets]] [[Category:Iranian Sufis]] [[Category:Sufi fiction]]--> {{Myrias|Homines}} sbiy4nsegbfn1xbbwj1jsvr19vjz2e1 1 283747 3966987 3963866 2026-06-27T08:37:53Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Alibi contributa est|Alibi contributa est]]}} 3966987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Disputationes redirectionem comitantes}} {{Alibi contributa est|Ammianus Marcellinus|2026-06-07 14:24:15|3955314|3963844|3963853}} == Pagina contribuenda == Credo hanc paginam contribuendam esse quod nulla nova addit paginae [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]]. Ammianus tantum Rerum gestarum libros scripsit, ergo pagina operis huius non opus est. Omnia quae dicere oportet de opere Ammani in pagina scriptoris dici potest, ut res non duplicentur. Vicipaedia Anglica vel Germanica duas paginas non habent, sed modo paginam Ammiani. --[[Usor:Spurius Minucius|Spurius Minucius]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Spurius Minucius|disputatio]]) 20:33, 13 Octobris 2019 (UTC) :Nemo disputavit. Hodie autem, pagina satis longa, bona bibliographia subiecta, rationem contributionis duarum paginarum aegre accipio. Vicipaedia Anglica hodie paginas separatas habet. Ergo formulam removeo. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:43, 30 Decembris 2020 (UTC) ::Nova ratio supervenit: pagina de Ammiano inter 10,000 enumeratur. Hac ratione, optimis auguriis, illa pagina de libro plene disserit. Moleste ergo paginam separatam retinuimus, quam hodie in paginam "[[Ammianus Marcellinus]]" contribuo. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:07, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC) 1wu54l3zxd06t852eir6a49n2xau2zq 0 286758 3966912 3962548 2026-06-26T20:29:23Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 3966912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Index imperfectus}} == Tabula == {| border="border" class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Nomen ! Translitteratio ! Forma Latina ! Fontes |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|هارون}} | Hārūn | [[Aaron (calipha)|Aaron]] | |- |style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|أبو الفتح}} | ʾAbū l-Fatḥ |Abalphatus |([https://books.google.it/books?id=36sxAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Abalphatus+Asphahanensis&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjvk_a16L7sAhVjxoUKHRoaDjMQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Abalphatus%20Asphahanensis&f=false pag. 3]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|عباس}} | ʿAbbās | Abas; Abbas (-ae); Abbasus | ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Sam_L_B_a_Puffendorf_De_jure_natur%C3%A6_et/iI9nAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Abas+rex+Persiae&pg=PA840&printsec=frontcover pag. 840]); {{GB|sLjRDNIuOHYC|pag. 9 (nom.)}}, {{GB|CE5PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 10 (gen.)}}; ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Italicae_historiae_scriptores_ex_bibliot/oW9QcOzUJPUC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Abbasus+Mahometi&pg=PA123&printsec=frontcover pag. 123]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|عبدالله}} | ʿAbdallah, ʿAbdullah | [[Abdalla]]; Abdella; Abdulla | {{GB|tA1cAAAAQAAJ|pag. 207}}; ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Patrologiae_cursus_completus/IijHqvoSMfYC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=abdella+alascemi&pg=PA1277&printsec=frontcover pag. 1278]); {{GB|2LwIQ16JhBwC|pag. 425}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|عبد الرحمن}} |ʿAbd al-Raḥmān |Abdarramanus; [[Abderramanus]]; [[Nouroddinus Abdorrahmanus Djamius|Abdorrahmanus]] |{{GB|o0hTAAAAcAAJ|pag. 128}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|عبد العزيز}} | ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz | Abdelazizus | {{GB|ZK7UAAAAMAAJ|pag. 691}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|عبد القادر}} |ʿAbd al-Qādir |Abdelcader; Abdelcaderus | {{GB|gwqdVFX_jScC|pag. 207}}; {{GB|MrVO0Tk-erQC|pag. 172}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|عبد الكريم}} |ʿAbd al-Karīm |Abdelcarimus | {{GB|o0hTAAAAcAAJ|pag. 162}} |- | style="text-align: right;" | {{lang|ar|عبد المجيد}} |ʿAbd al-Maǧīd |Abdelmagidus |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_arabico_hispana_Escurialensi/DaEDob3f6IwC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=abdelmagidus&pg=PA196&printsec=frontcover pag. 196]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|عبد الملك}} |ʿAbd al-Malik |Abdelmalechus; Abdelmelicus, [[Abdilmelic]] | {{GB|o0hTAAAAcAAJ|pag. 162}}; {{GB|cUMm2nOd06sC|pag. CCCCLII}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|عبد الواحد}} |ʿAbd al-Wāhid |Abdeluahedus | {{GB|o0hTAAAAcAAJ|pag. 162 (gen.)}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|عبد السلام‎}} | ʿAbd al-Salām | Abdeslamus | ([https://web.archive.org/web/20121013192243/http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=72180&is_real_user=1 nomen biol., gen.]) |- | style="text-align: right;" | {{lang|ar|عبد الحميد}} |ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd |Abdulhamidus |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Georg_Elmacini_Historia_Saracenica/-e5VAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=abdulhamidus&pg=PA116&printsec=frontcover pag. 116]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|أبو بكر}} | ʾAbū Bakr | [[Abubacer (nomen)|Abubacer, Abubecer (-cri)]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|أبو القاسم‎}} | ʾAbū al-Qāsim |Abulcasimus, Abulcassem |{{GB|omtJAAAAcAAJ|pag. 254}}; {{GB|gwqdVFX_jScC |pag. 402}} |- |style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|أبو العلاء}} | ʾAbū al-ʿAlāʾ |[[Abulola Moarrensis|Abulola]] | |- |style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|أبو الفداء‎}} | ʾAbū al-Fidāʾ |Abulpheda | {{GB|o0hTAAAAcAAJ|pag. 173}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|أبو نصر}} | ʾAbū Nasr |[[Alpharabius|Abunaser]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|أبي طالب}} | ʾAbī Ṭālib | Abi-Talibus; Abitalibus | {{GB|1QsZAAAAYAAJ|pag. 615 (gen.)}}; {{GB|-WUoAAAAYAAJ|pag. 18 (gen.)}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|أحمد}} | ʾAhmad | [[Ahmedus|Ahmedus (Achmetes, Acomathes)]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|عائشة}} | ʿĀʾišah | Aisa; Aischa | {{GB|XdjQ0580RYYC| pag. 246}}; ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_orientalis_Clementino_Vatica/WSNcO4fCjN0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Emina+Mahometi&pg=PR578&printsec=frontcover pag. DLXXVIII]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|علاء الدين}} | Alāʼ ad-Dīn |Aladinus |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/An_Essay_on_the_Revelation_of_Saint_John/X8FORYwWUjkC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Aladinum&pg=PA179&printsec=frontcover pag. 179 (acc.)]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|أبو الحسن علي}} | Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī |Albohazenhalius |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogue_livres_bibliotheca_Heinsiana_s/lsQ9AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Albohazenhalius&pg=PA343-IA1&printsec=frontcover pag. 4]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|أبو الحسن}} | Abū Al-Ḥasan |Alboacen |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ferdinandum_sive_Hispaniam_a_Mauris_libe/3HuRFA67bWwC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Alboacen+rex&pg=PA155&printsec=frontcover pag. 155]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|الحكم}} | Al-Hakam |Alhacen |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Fratis_Rogeri_Bacon_Ordinis_Minorum_Opus/AWRZAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Alhacen+quia&pg=PA400&printsec=frontcover pag. 400]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|الحسن }} | Al-Ḥasan |[[Alhazenus]] | |- | style="text-align: right" |{{lang|ar|علي}} | ʿAlī | [[Ali (nomen)|Ali]] (gen. ''Alis'', acc. ''Alim'') | |- | style="text-align: right" |{{lang|ar|عماد الدين}} |ʿImād al-Dīn |[[Amadoddinus Ispahanensis|Amadoddinus]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|آمنة‎}} | ʾĀminah | Amena; Amina; Emina | ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historia_orientalis/1a9CAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=avum+maternum&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover pag. 19] ); {{GB|cJtCAAAAcAAJ|pag. 19 (nom. et acc.)}}; ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_orientalis_Clementino_Vatica/WSNcO4fCjN0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Emina+Mahometi&pg=PR578&printsec=frontcover pag. DLXXVIII]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|أمين‎}} | ʾAmīn | Aminus | {{GB|o0hTAAAAcAAJ|pag. 212}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|عنترة‎}} |ʿAntarah |[[Antara]] | |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|أنور‎}} |ʾAnwar |Anvarus |([http://www.alcuinus.net/ephemeris/archi2011/nuntius.php?id=742 Ephemeris]) |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|أنور‎}} |ʾAsad al-Dīn |Asadoddinus |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Anti_Jacobin_Review_and_Magazine_Or/IwNdAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Nureddinus&pg=PA177&printsec=frontcover pag. 177]) |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|عزيز‎}} |ʿAzīz |Azizus |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Oriens_Christianus_In_Quatuor_Patriarcha/nAJhAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=azizus+Billa+%C3%86gypti&pg=PA473&printsec=frontcover pag. 474]) |- |style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|بهاء الدين}} |Bahāʾ al-Dīn |Bohadinus |{{GB|tsgGAAAAcAAJ|pag. 310}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|خديجة}} | Ḫadīǧah | [[Chadidia|Chadidia, Chadigia]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|خليفة}} |Ḫalīfah |[[Chalifa (nomen)|Chalifa]] | |- |style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|خويلد}} |Ḫuwaylid |Chowailidus | {{GB|CjpIAQAAMAAJ| pag. 461 (gen.)}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|جعفر}} | Ǧaʿfar | [[Diafarus|Diafarus, Giafarus]] | |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|إدريس}} |ʾIdrīs |Edrisus, [[Idris]] |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_arabico_hispana_escurialensi/jsDKc05YAsUC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=almamunus&pg=PA223&printsec=frontcover pag. 223]) |- |style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|إلياس}} |Ilyās |[[Elias]] | |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|حوّاء}} |Ḥawwāʾ |[[Eva (nomen)|Eva]] | |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|فخر الدين}} |Faḵr al-Dīn |Fachreddinus; Fakhreddinus |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_orientalis_Clementino_Vatica/oJ8Mb8wQi5MC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fachreddinus&pg=PA318&printsec=frontcover pag. 318]); ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Magazin_f%C3%BCr_die_neue_Historie_und_Geogr/Dg0UAAAAQAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fakhreddinus&pg=PA156&printsec=frontcover pag. 156 (acc.)]) |- | style="text-align: right;" |فاروق |Fārūq |Faruk |([https://arxlatina.org/pegmata/periodica/almaroma/AlmaRoma.1936.ann23.fasc05.Mai.avent.pdf pag. 87]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|فاطمة‎}} | Fāṭimah | [[Fatima (nomen)|Fatima]]; Phatima | ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historia_orientalis/1a9CAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=phatimam+nuptam&pg=PA18&printsec=frontcover pag. 18 (acc.)]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|فيصل‎}} | Fayṣal | Feisalus | ([https://www.gbif.org/species/1733281 nomen biol., gen.]) |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|فيصل‎}} |Farhād |Ferhadus |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_critica_nova_Edentibus_I_Bak/q4UQAAAAIAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=schirina+ferhado&pg=PA208&printsec=frontcover pag. 208]) |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|فؤاد‎}} |Fuʾād |[[Fuad]] | |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|جحش}} |Ǧaḥš |Gaissus; Giahsius |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Pseudo_historical_Image_of_the_Proph/5Qs1vzdmmWYC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=zaineb+filia+gaissi&pg=PA129&printsec=frontcover pag. 129 (gen.)]); ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mahometanus_dogmatice_et_catechetice_in/s85jAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=filiam+Giahfij&pg=PA170&printsec=frontcover pag. 170 (gen.)]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|جابر}} |Jābir, Ǧābir |[[Geber]] | |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|جلال الدين}} |Ǧalāl al-Dīn |Gelaleddinus |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mahometanus_dogmatice_et_catechetice_in/s85jAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=zainebam+gelaleddinus&pg=PA171&printsec=frontcover pag. 171]) |- |style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|جرجس}} | Ǧirǧis |[[Georgius Elmacinus|Georgius]] | |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|جمال الدين}} |Ǧamāl al-Dīn |Giamaliddinus |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_codicum_manuscriptorum_bibliot/vEIbwH0CTnMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Giamaliddinus+ebn+autem&pg=PA243&printsec=frontcover pag. 243]) |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|حبيب}} |Ḥabīb |Habibus |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historia_Saracenica_Arabic%C3%A8_Latin%C3%A8/yYFjAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=habibus&pg=PA167&printsec=frontcover pag. 167]) |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|حافظ}} |Ḥāfiẓ |[[Hafizus]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|حليمة}} | Ḥalīmah | Halima | {{GB|ElTbFCfUQ-0C| pag. 11}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|حمد/حامد‎}} | Ḥamad/Ḥāmad/Ḥāmid | Hamadus; Hamedus; Hamidus | {{GB|iZtCAAAAcAAJ|pag. 597 (gen.)}}; {{GB|IbpfAAAAcAAJ|pag. 93 (gen.)}}; {{GB|GO5XAAAAcAAJ|pag. 346}} |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|حمدالل}} |Ḥamdallāh |Hamdoulla |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_critica_nova/-s1PAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Hamdoullam+Kazwinensem&pg=RA2-PA210&printsec=frontcover pag. 210 (acc.)]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar| حمید‎}} | Ḥamīd | Hamidus | {{GB|GO5XAAAAcAAJ|pag. 346}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|حسان}} | Ḥasān | [[Hasanus]] | {{GB|i4NKAAAAcAAJ|pag. 11}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|حكيمة‎}} | Ḥakīmah | Hekima | {{GB|0-tXAAAAcAAJ|pag. 17}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|حسين}} | Ḥusayn | [[Husainus]] | |- |style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|يَعْقُوب}} |Yaʿqūb |[[Iacobus]] | |- | style="text-align: right;" | {{lang|ar|ياسر}} |Yāsir |Iaser; Yasser |([http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2004/homines/homo_nov/index.php Ephemeris]); ([http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2006/nuntius.php?id=75 Ephemeris]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|إبراهيم}} | ʾIbrāhīm | Ibrahimus, [[Ibraimus (sultanus Ottomanicus)|Ibraimus]]<br>([[Abraham|patriarcha biblicus coranicusque]]: ''Abraham(us)'') | {{GB|mmlMAAAAcAAJ|pag. 30}} |- |style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|يزيد}} |Yazīd |Iezidus |{{GB|b9eXXxB3nz0C|pag. 240}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|يحيى‎}} | Yaḥyā | Ioannes, Iahia | {{GB|u71JAAAAcAAJ|pag. 557}} |- |style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|أيّوب}} |Ayyūb |[[Iob (nomen)|Iob(us)]] | |- |style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|يونس}} |Yūnus |[[Ionas (nomen)|Ionas]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|يوسف‎}} | Yūsuf, Yūsif | [[Mulai Iosephus|Iosephus]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|عيسى}} | ʿĪsā | Isa ([[Iesus|Iesus Nazarenus]]: ''Iesus'') | {{GB|UkxAAAAAYAAJ|pag. 11}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|إسحاق}} | ʾIsḥāq |[[Isaacus (Islamus)|Isaacus]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|إسماعيل}} | ʾIsmāʿīl |[[Ismael (Islamus)|Ismael]] | |- |style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|ياسمين}} | Yāsmīn | [[Jasmina]] | |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|كمال الدين}} |Kamāl al-Dīn |Kamaleddinus; Kemaleddinus |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dizionario_e_bibliografia_della_musica_d/BEeGoSBNEHkC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Kamaleddinus&pg=PA473&printsec=frontcover pag. 473]); ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Carmen_Abu_ltajjib_Ahmed_ben_Alhosian_Al/IMFIAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Kemaleddinus&pg=PA23&printsec=frontcover pag. 25]) |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|كمال}} |Kamāl |Kamalus |([https://ephemerisnuntii.eu/leolat/DE%20TERRA%20SANCTA.pdf pag. 9]) |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|كريم}} |Karīm |[[Karimus]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|قاسم}} | Qāsim | Kasimus; Casimus | {{GB|t4ZSvha8NTYC|pag. 27 (gen.)}}; {{GB|0-tXAAAAcAAJ|pag. 17 (acc.)}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|خالد}} | Ḫālid | Khaledus | {{GB|RyI1AQAAMAAJ|pag. 531}} |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|قصي}} |Quṣayy |Kosa; Kudai |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Chronicon_orientale_Petrirahebi_%C3%86gyptii/COpl0aT69-AC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Kofa+Chelabi&pg=RA1-PA244&printsec=frontcover pag. 244]); ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_orientalis_Clementino_Vatica/pb1JAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Kudai+Hafcem&pg=PR575&printsec=frontcover pag. DLXXV]) |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|ليلى}} |Laylā |[[Leila Hatami|Leila]]; Leyla |([http://www.alcuinus.net/ephemeris/archi2008/nuntius.php?id=466 Ephemeris]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|محمودة‎}} | Maḥmūdah | Mahmuda | {{GB|0-tXAAAAcAAJ|pag. 17}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|محمود‎}} | Maḥmūd | [[Mahmudus (nomen)|Mahmudus]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|مسعود}} | Masʽud | [[Masudus]] | {{GB|5d8WUJOyxagC|pag. 244}}; {{GB|5d8WUJOyxagC|pag. 27}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|مروان}} |Marwān |[[Maroan I|Maroan(us)]]; Marvanus; Meruan (-is) | {{GB|sQVAAAAAcAAJ|pag. 88}}; {{GB|9P0-AAAAcAAJ|pag. 226}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|معاوية}} |Muʿāwiyah |[[Moabia]]; Mohabia | |- |style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|معمر}} |Muʿammar |[[Mu'ammar al-Qaddhāfī|Muammar (-is)]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|مراد}} | Murād | [[Muradus]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|موسى}} | Mūsā | Musa ([[Moyses|propheta]]: ''Mo(y)ses'') | {{GB|6kVUl4sctFUC|pag. 176}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|مسلم}} | Muslim | Muslimus | {{GB|vGY-AAAAYAAJ|pag. 174}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|مصطفى}} | Muṣṭafā | [[Mustapha]] | |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|نادر}} |Nādir |[[Nadir (nomen)|Nadir(us)]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|نجم الدين}} | Naǧm al-Dīn | Negemedinus | {{GB|csU_AQAAMAAJ|pag. 739}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|نور الدين}} |Nūr al-Dīn |[[Noradinus]]; [[Norandinus et Lucina|Norandinus]]; [[Nouroddinus Abdorrahmanus Djamius|Nouroddinus]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|عمر}} | ʿUmar | [[Omar (nomen)|Omar(us)]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|أم كلثوم}} | Umm Kulthūm | Ommkelthuma |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Magazin_f%C3%BCr_die_neue_Historie_und_Geogr/Dg0UAAAAQAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=ommkelthuma&pg=PA17&printsec=frontcover pag. 17]) |- | style="text-align: right;" | {{lang|ar|أسامة}} |ʾUsāma |Osama (-ae) |([http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2011/nuntius.php?id=709 Ephemeris]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|عثمان}} | ʿUṯmān | Osman; Osmanus; [[Ottomanus (nomen)|Ottomanus]] | ([http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof3/s0492a.html pag. 492]); {{GB|-3tUAAAAcAAJ|pag. 1355}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|بطرس}} | Buṭrus | Petrus | ([https://de.pons.com/übersetzung/arabisch-deutsch/بطرس dict.]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|راشد/رشيد}} | Rāshid/Rashīd | Rasiidus; [[Rascidus]] | ([https://archive.org/details/JacobiBruckeriHistoriaCritica3/page/n31/mode/2up pag. 20]), {{GB|c9IBSzYZZAAC|pag. 12 (gen.)}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|رقية}} | Ruqayyah | Rakia<ref>Fortasse etiam - et melius - ''Rucaia'' vel ''Rucaiia'', sed adhuc solum in contextibus [https://books.google.com/books?id=mtp6pQsKUHcC&pg=PA302&dq=rucaia Hispanico] et [https://books.google.com/books?id=9LVCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA140&dq=rucajja Theodisco] invenitur.</ref> | {{GB|XdjQ0580RYYC| pag. 246}} |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|راشد الدين}} |Rašīd al-Dīn |Raschideddinus |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_critica_nova/NZFYAAAAMAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Raschideddinum&pg=PA210&printsec=frontcover pag. 210 (acc.)]) |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|رضا}} |Riḍā |Reza; Riza |([https://arxlatina.org/pegmata/periodica/almaroma/AlmaRoma.1926.ann13.fasc01.Ian.tusc.pdf pag. 12]); ([https://arxlatina.org/pegmata/periodica/almaroma/AlmaRoma.1941.ann28.fasc10.Oct.avent.pdf pag. 106]) |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|رستم}} |Rustum |[[Rustamus]] | |- | style="text-align: right" |{{lang|ar|صدام}} |Saddām |[[Saddamus Husseinus|Saddamus]] | |- | style="text-align: right" |{{lang|ar|سعيد}} | ‏Saʿīd | Saidus | {{GB|A1TeY4pDod4C|pag. 185}} |- | style="text-align: right" |{{lang|ar|سعیدة}} | ‏Saʿīdah | Saida | {{GB|qxHuz1B2TeoC|pag. 584}} |- | style="text-align: right" |{{lang|ar|صلاح الدين‎}} |Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn |[[Saladinus (nomen)|Saladinus]] | |- | style="text-align: right" |{{lang|ar|سلمان}} | ‏Salmān | Salmanus | [https://books.google.com/books?id=D8Y7AAAAcAAJ&pg=RA2-PA61&dq=salmanus (pag. 61]), {{GB|1JNSAAAAcAAJ|pag. 32 (gen.)}} |- | style="text-align: right" |{{lang|ar|سيف الدين}} |Saif al-Dīn |[[Saphadinus]] | |- | style="text-align: right" |{{lang|ar|شربل}} | Šarbil | [[Sarbelius Makhlouf|Sarbelius]] | |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|شیرین}} |Šīrīn |Schirina; [[Sirin Ebadi|Sirin]] |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_critica_nova_Edentibus_I_Bak/q4UQAAAAIAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=schirina+ferhado&pg=PA208&printsec=frontcover pag. 208]) |- | style="text-align: right" |{{lang|ar|سليم}} | ‏Salīm | [[Selimus]]; Selinus | ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Della_Libraria_Vaticana_ragionamenti_di/rrHbUmC8AOMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Selinvm+Tyrannvm+tvrcarvm&pg=PA55&printsec=frontcover pag. 55]) |- | style="text-align: right;" | {{lang|ar|سرحان}} |Sirḥān |Sirhanus |([https://web.archive.org/web/20221012045553/http:/ephemeris.alcuinus.net/leonina/EL%20113.pdf pag. 23]) |- | style="text-align: right" |{{lang|ar|سليمان}} | ‏Sulaymān | [[Suleimanus]]; cf. [[Salomon]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|طاهر}} | Ṭāhir | Taherus | {{GB|6kVUl4sctFUC| pag. 178}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|تميم}} |Tamīm |[[Tamimus Hamidi filius gentis Ṯānī|Tamimus]] | |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|طارق}} | Ṭāriq | [[Taric Abenciet|Taric]]; Taricus | {{GB|XVxBAAAAcAAJ| pag. 5}} |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|وهب}} |Wahb |Vahebus; Wahebus |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_Orientalis_Clementino_Vatica/cUMm2nOd06sC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=vahebi+filia&pg=PR578&printsec=frontcover pag. DLXXVIII (gen.)]); ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historia_orientalis/1a9CAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=avum+maternum&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover pag. 19 (acc.)]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|زيد/زايد}} | Zayd/Zāyid | Zaidus | {{GB|Hi9dAAAAcAAJ| pag. 36}} |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|زينب}} | Zaynab | Zainaba; Zaineba; Zeineba | {{GB|XdjQ0580RYYC| pag. 246}}; ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mahometanus_dogmatice_et_catechetice_in/s85jAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Zainebam&pg=PA170&printsec=frontcover pag. 170]); ([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Alcorani_textus_universus/CQdRAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=uxorem+tuam+Zeinebam&pg=RA4-PA51&printsec=frontcover pag. 51]) |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|زبيدة}} |Zubayda |Zebeida |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ex_historia_romano_germanica_primitiae_s/nb6PZziskn8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=cognominabatur+zebeida+giafaris&pg=RA2-PA154&printsec=frontcover pag. 154]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|fa|جم}} | Ǧem ([[Turcice]]: Cem) | Zezimus, [[Zizimus (nomen)|Zizimus]] |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Orationes_triginta_sex/vZREAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Zezimus&pg=PA149&printsec=frontcover pag. 149]) |- | style="text-align: right" | {{lang|ar|زياد}} | Ziyād | Ziadus | {{GB|-e5VAAAAcAAJ| pag. 60}} |- | style="text-align: right;" |{{lang|ar|زليخا}} |Zulayḵā |Zuleikha |([https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_critica_nova_Edentibus_I_Bak/q4UQAAAAIAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Iosephi+Zuleikhae&pg=PA185&printsec=frontcover pag. 185 (gen.)]) |- |} == Notae == <references/> == Nexus interni == *[[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi]] [[Categoria:Indices nominum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Arabicae]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Arabica|!]] l7fmhv43xmfzbpawf7como6b0kubb31 0 295665 3966937 3943573 2026-06-26T21:17:37Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 3966937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Madame}}, alias {{res|Francisca Calearo}}, vulgo ''Francesca Calearo'' (nata [[Vicetia|Vicetiae]] die [[16 Ianuarii]] [[2002]]), est cantrix atque [[Recitatio rapiana|recitatrix rapiana]] [[Italia|Italica]]. ''[[Sciccherie]]'' carmine ex anno 2018 innotuit, [[Feriae Villae Matutiae|Festivali Villae Matutiae]] anno 2021 ''[[Voce]]'' carmen cantans interfuit,<ref>"[https://www.ansa.it/sanremo_2021/notizie/artisti/2021/02/27/madame-a-sanremo-con-voce-e-rap-della-rockstar-celentano_5481a60b-a3e3-4dd5-b2e0-a2a7e842d51f.html Madame, a Sanremo con Voce e rap della rockstar Celentano]", in ''ANSA,'' 27 Februarii 2021. {{Ling|Italice}}</ref> et denuo anno 2023 cum carmine ''[[Il bene nel male]]''.<ref>"[https://tg24.sky.it/spettacolo/musica/approfondimenti/madame-sanremo-2023-testo-canzone-il-bene-nel-male Sanremo 2023, Madame con Il bene nel male. Il testo della canzone]", in ''Sky TG24,'' 8 Februarii 2023. {{Ling|Italice}}</ref> Cum [[Angelina Mango]] scripsit textum carminis ''[[La noia]]'', quae editionem anni 2024 Feriarum Villae Matutiae vicit.<ref>"[https://www.vicenzatoday.it/attualita/festival-di-sanremo-vince-angelina-mango-e-anche-madame.html Festival di Sanremo, vince Angelina Mango... e anche Madame]", in ''VicenzaToday,'' 11 Februarii 2024. {{Ling|Italice}}</ref> == Vita privata == Studuit [[Vicetia|Vicetiae]], apud [[Lyceum (schola)|lyceum]] scientiarum humanarum [[Iosephus Fogazzaro|Iosepho Fogazzaro]] dicatum, ubi amicitiam fecit cum cantore [[Sangiovanni]] (vere Ioannes Petrus Damian).<ref>"[https://tv.fanpage.it/sangiovanni-e-madame-come-si-sono-conosciuti-e-che-rapporto-hanno-oggi/ Sangiovanni e Madame: come si sono conosciuti e che rapporto hanno oggi]", in ''Fanpage.it,'' 14 Aprilis 2021. {{Ling|Italice}}</ref> Vicetiae etiam [[Suorum carminum actor|auctorem suorum carminum]] [[Ioannes Maria Volpato|Ioannem Mariam Volpato]] (seu simpliciter Ioannes Maria) cognovit.<ref>"[https://www.cosmopolitan.com/it/lifestyle/musica/a45942707/gianmaria-madame-io-ti-conosco-testo-canzone/ Gianmaria con Madame in "Io ti conosco": «Per lei provo cose uniche»]", in ''Cosmopolitan Italia,'' 25 Novembris 2023. {{Ling|Italice}}</ref> Ea se [[bisexualitas|bisexualem]] in conloquio interrogatorio concessa, secundum [[diarium]] ''[[La Repubblica|Repubblica]].''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/dossier/spettacoli/sanremo-2021/2021/03/04/news/sanremo_2021_madame-290364346/|title=Sanremo 2021, Madame: "Il pudore è solo chiusura mentale I piedi nudi? Per comodità”|author=Silvia Fumarola|date=2021-03-04|accessdate=5 Martii 2021}} in ''[[Corriere della Sera]]''. {{Ling|Italice}}</ref> == Agnitiones == * [[Feriae Villae Matutiae]] anno 2021: ** Praemium Lunezia pro virtute musica litteralique cum suo carmine ''"Voce"'' ** Praemium Sergio Bardotti dicatum pro optimo scripto cum suo carmine ''"Voce"''. *Feriae Villae Matutiae anno 2024: Praemium Ioanni Carolo Bigazzi dicatum pro optima musica cum carmine ''La noia'' [[Angelina Mango|Angelinae Mango]] == Opera sua == [[Fasciculus:Madame during an interview for Radio Bruno in 2021.png|thumb|Madame (2021)]] === Alba === * 2021 - ''Madame'' * 2023 - ''L'amore'' * 2026 - ''Disincanto'' === Carmina === ==== Ut prima artifex ==== * 2018 – ''Anna'' * 2018 – ''Sciccherie'' * 2019 – ''17'' * 2019 – ''La promessa dell'anno'' * 2020 – ''Baby'' * 2020 – ''Sentimi'' * 2020 – ''Spaccato'' <small>(cum Don Joe et Dani Faiv)</small> * 2020 – ''Nuove strade'' <small>(cum Ernia, Gaia, Samurai Jay et Rkomi)</small> * 2020 – ''Clito'' * 2021 – ''Il mio amico'' <small>(cum Fabri Fibra)</small> * 2021 – ''Voce'' * 2021 – ''Marea'' * 2022 – ''L'eccezione'' * 2023 – ''Il bene nel male'' * 2022 – ''Aranciata'' * 2026 – ''Disincanto'' * 2026 – ''OK'' * 2026 – ''Rosso come il fango'' * 2026 – ''M'ama non m'ama'' ==== Ut hospita artifex ==== * 2019 – ''Mira'' <small>(Ensi cum Madame)</small> * 2020 – ''Fck U'' <small>(Psicologi cum Madame)</small> * 2020 – ''Defuera'' <small>(DRD cum Ghali, Madame et Marracash)</small> * 2020 – ''Euforia'' <small>(Chris Nolan cum Tedua, Madame, Aiello et Birthh)</small> === Auxilia === * 2019 – ''.Rosso'' <small>(cum Night Skinny et Rkomi)</small> * 2019 – ''Madame - L'anima'' <small>(cum Marracash)</small> * 2020 – ''Fuoriluogo'' <small>(cum Ernia)</small> * 2020 – ''Weekend'' <small>(cum Slait, Lazza et Massimo Pericolo)</small> * 2020 – ''Alibi'' <small>(cum Mecna)</small> * 2020 – ''Non è vero niente'' <small>(Negramaro cum Madame)</small> * 2021 – ''Acqua'' <small>(cum Mace et Rkomi)</small> * 2021 – ''Tu mi hai capito'' <small>(cum Sfera Ebbasta)</small> * 2023 – ''Too Late'' <small>(Nitro cum Madame)</small> * 2023 – ''Io ti conosco'' <small>(Ioannes Maria cum Madame)</small> * 2024 – ''Ho fatto un sogno'' <small>(cum Tananai et Rose Villain)</small> * 2026 – ''Volevo capire'' <small>(cum Marracash)</small> == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externus== {{CommuniaCat|Madame (singer)|Madame}}{{Lifetime|2002||Madame}} [[Categoria:Cantores Italiae]] [[Categoria:LGBT]] [[Categoria:Rapiani]] [[Categoria:Provincia Vicetina]] s172nzshnl5oev08gsp3n2dprtvuhw6 0 310288 3966868 3812318 2026-06-26T16:41:18Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3966868 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2009-0301-NOLA-001-CommandersPalace.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|''Commander's Palace'' anno 2009 pictum]] '''''Commander's Palace''''', e nomine Anglice verso conditoris [[Petrus Camarda|Petri Camarda]] filiique [[Aemilius Commander|Aemilii Commander]] nominatum, est popina [[Nova Aurelia|Novae Aureliae]]. Anno [[1893]] constituta est sub directione Aemilii; quo anno [[1906]] [[tuberculosis|tuberculosi]] mortuo, frater Petrus deinde gessit. Ella Brennan ab anno [[1974]] popinam direxit: illis annis [[Paulus Prudhomme]] archimagirus ibi operam dedit. == Bibliographia == * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120106025222/http://www.nola.com/175years/index.ssf/2011/09/1880_humble_beginnings_for_a_l.html 1880: Humble beginnings for Commander's Palace, a landmark New Orleans restaurant]" in ''New orleans Times-Picayune'' (14/16 Septembris 2011){{ec|id=Kennon (2019) |c= "Commander's Palace (1893)") in Alexandra Kennon, ''Classic Restaurants of New Orleans'' (Charleston Carolinae Meridianae: American Palate, 2019) pp. 55-74 }} * {{ec|id= McCaffety (2002)|c= Kerri McCaffety, ''Etouffee, Mon Amour: The Great Restaurants of New Orleans'' (Pelican Publishing Company, 2002. ISBN 1-56554-926-0) pp. 42-47 }} == Nexus externi == * Greg Beaman, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20150208103119/http://ourhousestories.com/emile-commander-before-the-palace/ Emile Commander: Before the Palace]" apud ''Our House Stories'' * Marla Norman-Freytag, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20141111005127/http://travelcuriousoften.com/may14-feature2.php Commander's Palace: CIA of the South]" apud ''Travel Curious Often'' [[Categoria:Popinae Novae Aureliae]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1896]] hmk2f4u6qiouqqhw9b880q6g9j1t0rf 2 314478 3966948 3953826 2026-06-27T01:00:15Z Grufo 64423 3966948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Notae caducae | titulus = Memoranda | pagina = /notae }} [[Specialis:Praefixa/{{FULLPAGENAME}}/|Subpaginae]]: * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Facienda|Facienda]] * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Experimenta|Experimenta]] * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Tabularium|Tabularium]] * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Lorem ipsum|Lorem ipsum]] * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Annotationes|Annotationes]] == Alia == * [[:Categoria:Categoriae exploratoriae]] * <code>[https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki-extensions-Scribunto/blob/6d93921797f12b82dea25f3a9ce40cd3008a66f0/includes/Engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mw.lua#L208-L511 newFrame]</code> * <code>[https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki-extensions-Scribunto/blob/703942affa454493cfcc240d41eeb81ac10c9c03/includes/Engines/LuaCommon/LuaEngine.php#L687-L689 newChildFrame]</code> * [[phab:T405104|Consider linting/deprecating blank template parameter names – Phabricator]] * {{Nexus planus | 1 = //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=intitle%3Acategory&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearch-current=%7B%22fields%22%3A%7B%22intitle%22%3A%22category%22%7D%7D&ns8=1 | 2 = Nomina categoriarum systematis Vicipaediae Anglicae }} * [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/design-tokens/color.html Color _ Codex] * {{Nexus cum parametris | search = intitle:category | profile = advanced | fulltext = 1 | advancedSearch-current = {"fields":{"intitle":"category"}<nowiki />} | ns8 = 1 | 1 = Specialis:Quaerere | 2 = Nomina categoriarum systematis Vicipaediae Latinae }} * {{Nexus cum parametris | 1 = Specialis:Quaerere | 2 = Paginae documentationis quae &#123;&#123;Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae&#125;&#125; requirunt | search = insource:/\{{!}}\s*!\s*\]\]/i | limit = 500 | offset = 0 | ns10 = 1 | sort = last_edit_desc | sort = last_edit_desc | searchToken = d52ms0m5mhbjrlausqohxllfv }} * {{Nexus cum parametris | search = insource:/\<ref[^>\/]*\>[^<]*\{\{safesubst:/i | sort = last_edit_desc | profile = advanced | limit = 500 | fulltext = 1 | ns0 = 1 | ns1 = 1 | ns10 = 1 | ns100 = 1 | ns101 = 1 | ns11 = 1 | ns118 = 1 | ns119 = 1 | ns12 = 1 | ns13 = 1 | ns14 = 1 | ns15 = 1 | ns2 = 1 | ns3 = 1 | ns4 = 1 | ns5 = 1 | ns6 = 1 | ns7 = 1 | ns8 = 1 | ns828 = 1 | ns829 = 1 | ns9 = 1 | 1 = Specialis:Quaerere | 2 = Annotationes cui est <code>safesubst:</code> }} * {{Nexus cum parametris | search = insource:/\<ref[^>\/]*\>[^<]*\{\{subst:/i | sort = last_edit_desc | profile = advanced | limit = 500 | fulltext = 1 | ns0 = 1 | ns1 = 1 | ns10 = 1 | ns100 = 1 | ns101 = 1 | ns11 = 1 | ns118 = 1 | ns119 = 1 | ns12 = 1 | ns13 = 1 | ns14 = 1 | ns15 = 1 | ns2 = 1 | ns3 = 1 | ns4 = 1 | ns5 = 1 | ns6 = 1 | ns7 = 1 | ns8 = 1 | ns828 = 1 | ns829 = 1 | ns9 = 1 | 1 = Specialis:Quaerere | 2 = Annotationes cui est <code>subst:</code> }} == De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum == * [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio” – Phabricator]] * [[phab:T419100|Pass the target of the redirect as $1 to MediaWiki:Move-redirect-text – Phabricator]] * [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] * [[MediaWiki:Editnotice-0]] * [[Specialis:Nexus ad paginam/Alkinum]] * [[MediaWiki:Hf-nsheader-Adumbratio]] * [[MediaWiki:Top-notice-ns-118]] * [[MediaWiki:Draft header]] * [[MediaWiki:Namespacenotice-118]] Alia: * [[Mw:Manual:Interface/Edit notice]] * [[Mw:Manual:Interface/Sitenotice]] * [[Mw:Extension:PageNotice]] * [[phab:T430383|Introduce a parser function that allows editors to define a maximum cache validity interval for a page – Phabricator]] tlalxizflncr7axgajqwnq1fdyfyu1s 0 315223 3966935 3962362 2026-06-26T21:14:59Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 3966935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Index imperfectus}} == Tabula == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="border" !Nomen in ''hiragana'' !Translitteratio !Forma Latina !Fontes |- | あきひと |''Akihito'' |[[Akihitus]] | |- |ありつね |''Aritsune'' |[[Arituneus Mizuno|Arituneus]] | |- |ありえもん |''Ariemon'' |Ariyemon |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecvtionis_adversvs_Christia/vRyN1WeBlcAC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ariyemon&pg=PA85&printsec=frontcover pag. 85]) |- |れんざえもん |''Renzaemon'' |Benzayemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Thomas+Benzayemon&pg=PA43&printsec=frontcover p. 43]) |- |ぶえもん |''Buemon'' |Buyemon |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Buyemon+Iaponiae&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover p. 20]) |- |かくざえもん |''Kakuzaemon'' |Cacuzaiemon; Cacuzayemon |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Laurentius+Cacuzaiemon&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover pag. 20]); (<small>RDM</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Relationes_de_morte_novem_Christianorum/CFlnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Cacuzayemon&pg=PA16&printsec=frontcover p. 16]) |- |かくすけ |''Kakusuke'' |Cacusuque |(<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Cacusuque&pg=PA482&printsec=frontcover pag. 482]) |- |かひょうえ |''Kahyōe'' |Cafioius |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Thomas+Cafioius&pg=PA82&printsec=frontcover pag. 82]) |- |かげかつ |''Kagekatsu'' |Caguecatsu |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Caguecatsu+Queixin&pg=PA4&printsec=frontcover pag. 4]) |- |かんびょうえ |''Kanbyōe'' |Cambioie; Cambioius |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Cambioie+Iaponiae&pg=PA5&printsec=frontcover pag. 5]); (<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioannes+Cambioius&pg=PA101&printsec=frontcover pag. 101]) |- |かんすけ |''Kansuke'' |Cansuques |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_religiosorum_Societatis_Iesu_q/GcT6x9g1q3MC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Petrus+Canfuques&pg=PA104&printsec=frontcover pag. 104]) |- |かんしち |''Kanshichi'' |Canxichi |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=ioannes+canxichi&pg=PA46&printsec=frontcover pag. 46]) |- |かんざえもん |''Kanzaemon'' |Canzayemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=canzayemon+dominicus&pg=PA50&printsec=frontcover pag. 50]) |- |かえもん |''Kaemon'' |Cayemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Leo+Cayemon&pg=PA8&printsec=frontcover pag. 8]) |- |きゅうえもん |''Kyūemon'' |Chiemon; Kyemon |(<small>AOM</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Acta_Ordinis_Fratrum_Minorum/eTI2AQAAMAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=lucas+Chiemon&pg=RA1-PA144&printsec=frontcover pag. 144]); (<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=kyemon+lucas&pg=PA25&printsec=frontcover pag. 25]) |- |しんすけ |''Shinsuke'' |Chinsuqui; Scinsuke; Xinsucus; Xinsukè; Xinsuque; Xinsuqui; Xinsuquius |(<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Paulus+Chinsuqui&pg=RA1-PA5&printsec=frontcover pag. 5]); (<small>MI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mortes_Illvstres_Et_Gesta_Eorvm_De_Socie/eTplAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Scinsuk%C3%A8&pg=PA383&printsec=frontcover pag. 383]); (<small>HSJ2</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historia_Societatis_Iesu/FKhFAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Rinxeum+Tozum&pg=PA81&printsec=frontcover pag. 81]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Paulus+Xinfuk%C3%A8&pg=PA45&printsec=frontcover pag. 45]); (<small>SRCE</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Sac_rituum_congregatione_eminentissimo_r/SNS26RKBFtgC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=xinsuque&pg=RA2-PA36&printsec=frontcover pag. 36]); (<small>MMN</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ioan_Euseb_Nierembergii_P_Marcellus_Mast/fxNSAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=XLVII+PAVLVS&pg=PA284&printsec=frontcover pag. 284]); (<small>PLD</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Paciecide/W98MAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=paciecide+Xinsuquius&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover pag. 19]) |- |きゅうざえもん |''Kyūzaemon'' |Chiusayemon |(<small>RM</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Rerum_memorabilium_in_regno_Japoniae_ges/7LsTPHqocE8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=fayemon+Matthias&pg=PA93&printsec=frontcover pag. 93]) |- |きざえもん |''Kizaemon'' |Chizaimon; Chizayemon; Kizayemon |(<small>AOM</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Acta_Ordinis_Fratrum_Minorum/eTI2AQAAMAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Michael+Chizaimon&pg=RA1-PA144&printsec=frontcover pag. 144]); (<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Chizayemon&pg=RA1-PA5&printsec=frontcover pag. 5]); (<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Kizayemon&pg=PA34&printsec=frontcover pag. 34]) |- |しょうざぶろう |''Shōzaburō'' |Chizoburus |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Chizoburus&pg=PA82&printsec=frontcover pag. 82]) |- |ちょうびょうえ |''Chōbyōe'' |Chobioye |(<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=arachi+chobioye&pg=RA1-PA5&printsec=frontcover pag. 5]) |- |こえもん |''Koemon'' |Choiemon; Choyemon |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Choiemon+Iaponiae&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover pag. 20]); (<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Choyemon&pg=PA34&printsec=frontcover pag. 34]) |- |こざえもん |''Kozaemon'' |Chosaiemon |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=chosaiemon&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover pag. 19]) |- |ちゅうざえもん |''Chūzaemon'' |Chusaiemon; Chusaiemonus |(<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Chusaiemon&pg=RA2-PA220&printsec=frontcover pag. 220]); (<small>MI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mortes_Illustres_Et_Gesta_Eorum_De_Socie/eTplAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Chufaiemonus&pg=PA369&printsec=frontcover pag. 369]) |- |じんたろう |''Jintarō'' |Cintarus |(<small>HI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettera_annua_del_Giappone_dell_anno_162/hzwxyhoUHjoC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Cintarus&pg=PA36&printsec=frontcover pag. 36]) |- |こひょうえ |''Kohyōe'' |Cofioius; Kohioye |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Dominicus+Cofioius&pg=PA103&printsec=frontcover pag. 103]); (<small>N</small> [https://www.cultodivino.va/content/dam/cultodivino/rivista-notitiae/1980/notitiae-17-(1981)/Notitiae-177-1981.pdf pag. 227]) |- |ごんろく |''Gonroku'' |Corrocu; Gonrocu; Gonrocus; Gonrocuus |(<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_Apud_Iaponios_Triumphis_S/aBJUAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=corrocu+safioie&pg=PA392&printsec=frontcover pag. 392]); (<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Gonrocu+gubernatoris&pg=PA79&printsec=frontcover pag. 79]); (<small>TP</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Trinum_perfectum_via_veritas_vita_Seu_Se/P_XcjbqWZjsC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Gonrocus&pg=PA193&printsec=frontcover pag. 193]); (<small>MI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mortes_Illvstres_Et_Gesta_Eorvm_De_Socie/nC3o9TJPwJwC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Feiz%C3%B2+Ioannes&pg=PA370&printsec=frontcover pag. 370]) |- |こういち |''Kōichi'' |[[Coychi]] | |- |くひょうえ |''Kuhyōe'' |Cuffioje; Cufioius; Cufioye; Cufioyus |(<small>AOM</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Acta_Ordinis_Fratrum_Minorum/eTI2AQAAMAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Franciscus+Cuffioje&pg=RA1-PA144&printsec=frontcover pag. 144]); (<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Petrus+Cufioius&pg=PA82&printsec=frontcover pag. 82]); (<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Cufioye&pg=PA25&printsec=frontcover pag. 25]); (<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Iacobus+Nacaximus+Cufioyus&pg=PA92&printsec=frontcover pag. 92]) |- |くろうびょうえ |''Kurōbyōe'' |Curobioye; Kurobioye |(<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=curobioye&pg=PA24&printsec=frontcover pag. 24]); (<small>N</small> [https://www.cultodivino.va/content/dam/cultodivino/rivista-notitiae/1980/notitiae-17-(1981)/Notitiae-177-1981.pdf pag. 227]) |- |くろえもん |''Kuroemon'' |Curoyemon |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Curoyemon&pg=PA73&printsec=frontcover pag. 73]) |- |くえもん |''Kuemon'' |Cuyemon |(<small>FEIF</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Fasciculus_e_Iapponicis_floribus_suo_adh/ALBO9zYMg7UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Paulus+Cuyemon&pg=PT39&printsec=frontcover pag. 39]) |- |だんえもん |''Dan'emon'' |Danyemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Danyemon&pg=PA11&printsec=frontcover pag. 44]) |- |だいはち |''Daihachi'' |Daifaccius, Dayfachius |(<small>TLAD</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Tragoediae_Ludis_Autumnalibus_Datae/LwhXAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 pag. 302]); (<small>RUP</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Respondent_ultima_primis_sive_Protasius/-S9JAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Dayfachius&pg=PP10&printsec=frontcover scena IV]) |- |でんしろう |''Denshirō'' |Densciro; Denxiro |(<small>MI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mortes_Illvstres_Et_Gesta_Eorvm_De_Socie/eTplAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Densciro+Mata-+fayemonio&pg=PA428&printsec=frontcover pag. 428]); (<small>MMN</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/P_Marcellvs_Mastrillvs_Neapolitanvs_Soci/4yRoAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Denxiro&pg=PA292&printsec=frontcover pag. 292]) |- |でんざえもん |''Denzaemon'' |Densamonus; Denzaiemon |(<small>PLD</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Paciecide/W98MAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Densamonus&pg=PA198&printsec=frontcover pag. 198]); (<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Denzaiemonem&pg=RA2-PA227&printsec=frontcover pag. 227]) |- |でんじ |''Denji'' |Denxi |(<small>SRCE</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Sac_rituum_congregatione_eminentissimo_r/SNS26RKBFtgC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Iacobus+Denxi&pg=PA8&printsec=frontcover pag. 8]); (<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Jacobus++Denxi&pg=RA1-PA2&printsec=frontcover pag. 2]) |- |はちろう |''Hachirō'' |Fachirò |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fachir%C3%B2&pg=PA104&printsec=frontcover pag. 104]) |- |はちぞう |''Hachizō'' |Fachizò; Fachizus |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fachiz%C3%B2&pg=PA41&printsec=frontcover pag. 41]); (<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Laurentius+Fachizus&pg=PA75&printsec=frontcover pag. 75]) |- |はんすけ |''Hansuke'' |Fansuque |(<small>RM</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Rerum_memorabilium_in_regno_Japoniae_ges/0Qf7B97H27MC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fanfuque+Ludouicus+Omure&pg=PA112&printsec=frontcover pag. 212]) |- |はんえもん |''Han'emon'' |Fanyemonus |(<small>HI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettera_annua_del_Giappone_dell_anno_162/hzwxyhoUHjoC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fanyemoni&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover pag. 29]) |- |はんざえもん |''Hanzaemon'' |Fanzayemon |(<small>RM</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Rerum_memorabilium_in_regno_Japoniae_ges/7LsTPHqocE8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fanzayemon&pg=PA70&printsec=frontcover pag. 70]); (<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=N.+Fanzayemon&pg=PA34&printsec=frontcover pag. 34]) |- |はざぶろう |''Hanzaburō'' |Fanzaburò |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Gafpar+Fanzabur%C3%B2&pg=PA72&printsec=frontcover pag. 72]) |- |はえもん |''Haemon'' |Fayemon |(<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fayemon&pg=PA363&printsec=frontcover pag. 363]) |- |はざぶろ |''Hasaburō'' |Fazamburo; Fazamburus |(<small>IUPI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Idea_christianae_fortitudinis_in_Iusto_U/O_NEAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fazamburo+Brunmair&pg=PA15&printsec=frontcover pag. 13]); (<small>MI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mortes_illustres_et_gesta_eorum_de_Socie/lK9IAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fazamburus+ir%C3%A2+fuccenfus&pg=PA214&printsec=frontcover pag. 214]) |- |ヘいさく |''Heisaku'' |Feisacu; Feisacus |(<small>FEIF</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Fasciculus_e_Iapponicis_floribus_suo_adh/ALBO9zYMg7UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioannes+Feifacu&pg=PT46&printsec=frontcover pag. 46]); (<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Feisacus+laquichius&pg=PA101&printsec=frontcover pag. 101]) |- |ヘいぞう |''Heizō'' |Feizò |(<small>MI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mortes_Illvstres_Et_Gesta_Eorvm_De_Socie/nC3o9TJPwJwC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Feiz%C3%B2+Ioannes&pg=PA370&printsec=frontcover pag. 370]) |- |ひこすけ |''Hikosuke'' |Ficosukè; Ficosuque |(<small>FEIF</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Fasciculus_e_Iapponicis_floribus_suo_adh/ALBO9zYMg7UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Mathia+Ficofuke&pg=PT56&printsec=frontcover pag. 56]); (<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_religiosorum_Societatis_Iesu_q/GcT6x9g1q3MC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Matthias+Ficosuque&pg=PA24&printsec=frontcover pag. 24]) |- |ひこえもん |''Hikoemon'' |Ficoyemon |(<small>RDM</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Relationes_de_morte_novem_Christianorum/CFlnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Michael+Ficoyemon&pg=PA4&printsec=frontcover pag. 4]) |- |ひこざえもん |''Hikozaemon'' |Ficozaiemon; Ficozayemon |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Iacobus+Ficozaiemon&pg=PA103&printsec=frontcover pag.103]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Iacobus+Ficozayemon&pg=PA62&printsec=frontcover pag. 62]) |- |ひこじろう |''Hikojirō'' |Ficoyo |(<small>FEIF</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Fasciculus_e_Iapponicis_floribus_suo_adh/ALBO9zYMg7UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Gaspar+Ficoyo&pg=PT18&printsec=frontcover pag. 18]); (<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Gaspar+Ficoyo&pg=RA1-PA1&printsec=frontcover pag. 1]) |- |ひでより |''Hideyori'' |Fide-Jori; Fide-Jorius; Fidejori; Fidejorus; Fidery; Fideyori; [[Fideyorus|Fideyor(i)us]]; Findeyori; Findeyorus |(<small>HEC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_ecclesiasticae_compendium_prae/TFadBTWWukAC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fide-Jori&pg=PA131&printsec=frontcover pag. 131]); (<small>HI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Claudii_Fleurii_Abbatis_Historia_ecclesi/znS43wNTLOwC?hl=it&gbpv=1 pag. 428]); (<small>IHE</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/R_P_Clari_Vascotti_Institutiones_histori/kP7EqsTRZMcC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=taikosama+imperium+fidejori&pg=PA273&printsec=frontcover pag. 273]); (<small>IVIDE</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ingeniosa_vindicta/h5REAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fidejorum&pg=PP4&printsec=frontcover pag. 1]); (<small>MRAP</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Viri_quondam_illustris_Hermanni_Conringi/599KMb3jkXEC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fidery&pg=PA508&printsec=frontcover pag. 508]); (<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fideyori+dicebatur&pg=PA372&printsec=frontcover pag. 372]); (<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Findeyori+Filius&pg=PA16-IA2&printsec=frontcover pag. 2]); (<small>MI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mortes_Illvstres_Et_Gesta_Eorvm_De_Socie/eTplAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Findeyoro+Safioyo&pg=PA275&printsec=frontcover pag. 275]) |- |ひでかね |''Hidekane'' |Findecanus |(<small>RIIR</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Rebvs_In_Iaponiae_Regno_Post_Mortem_T/dTplAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Findecanus&pg=PA54&printsec=frontcover pag. 54]) |- |ひでひら |''Hidehira'' |Findefira |(<small>GFR</small> [https://archive.org/details/gloriosusfrancis00mari/page/534/mode/2up?q=Findefira pag. 534]) |- |ひでただ |''Hidetada'' |Fide-Tadda; Fidetadda |(<small>HEC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_ecclesiasticae_compendium_prae/TFadBTWWukAC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fide-Tadda&pg=PA131&printsec=frontcover pag. 131]); (<small>IHE</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/R_P_Clari_Vascotti_Institutiones_histori/kP7EqsTRZMcC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fidetadda+vascotti&pg=PA273&printsec=frontcover pag. 273]) |- |ひでなお |''Hidenao'' |Findenanus |(<small>DRI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_rebus_iaponicis/pn1kAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Findenanus&pg=PA532&printsec=frontcover pag. 532]) |- |ヘいきち |''Heikichi'' |Fioquichius |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecvtionis_adversvs_Christia/vRyN1WeBlcAC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Fioquichius&pg=PA103&printsec=frontcover pag. 103]) |- |いえやす |''Ieyasu'' |Geiasus; Gieiasus; [[Ieiasus]] |(<small>DRI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_rebus_iaponicis/pn1kAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Geiasus+Daifulama&pg=PA980&printsec=frontcover Index rerum]); (<small>DRI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_rebus_Japonicis_Indicis_et_Peruanis_e/L4mCvYrr_K8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Gieiafus&pg=PA545&printsec=frontcover pag. 545]) |- |げんざえもん |''Genzaemon'' |Genzayemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Andreas+Genzayemon&pg=PA51&printsec=frontcover pag. 51]) |- |じんぞう |''Jinzō'' |Ginzò |(<small>FEIF</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Fasciculus_e_Iapponicis_floribus_suo_adh/ALBO9zYMg7UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Petrus+Ginz%C3%B2&pg=PT56&printsec=frontcover pag. 56]) |- |じろうびょうえ |''Jirōbyōe'' |Girobioye; Iirobioye |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Girobioye&pg=PA56&printsec=frontcover pag. 56]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Antonius%20lirobioye&pg=PA37&printsec=frontcover pag. 37]) |- |じろえもん |''Jirōemon'' |Giroyemon; Jiroyemon |(<small>AL</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Adversus_Latinorum_de_cultus_religiosi_o/tylLAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Giroyemon+Caravallius&pg=PA288&printsec=frontcover pag. 288]); (<small>MB152</small> [https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Barb.or.152 littera 3]) |- |げんごろう |''Gengorō'' |Goengoro; Guengorus |(<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Thomas+Goengoro&pg=RA1-PA2&printsec=frontcover pag. 2]); (<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=thomam+tuengorum&pg=RA2-PA87&printsec=frontcover pag. 87]); (<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=thomam+guengorum&pg=PA17&printsec=frontcover pag. 17]) |- |ごひょうえ |''Gohyōe'' |Gofioye |(<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Gofioye+Ioannes&pg=PA516&printsec=frontcover pag. 516]) |- |ごえもん |''Goemon'' |Goiemon |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_religiosorum_Societatis_Iesu_q/GcT6x9g1q3MC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=goiemon&pg=PA101&printsec=frontcover pag. 101]) |- |ごんない |''Gonnai'' |Gonajus |(<small>HSJ2</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_quinta_to/wJScgg9re0QC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=saitum+gonajum&pg=PA682&printsec=frontcover pag. 682]) |- |ごんえもん |''Gon'emon'' |Goniemon; Gognemon |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=goniemon&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover pag. 20]); (<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Leonem+Gognemon&pg=PA48&printsec=frontcover pag. 48]) |- |ござえもん |''Gozaemon'' |Gonzaiemon; Gozayemon |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=gonzaiemon+narratio&pg=PA101&printsec=frontcover pag. 101]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ludouicus+Gozayemon&pg=PA61&printsec=frontcover pag. 61]) |- |ごろうびょうえ |''Gorōbyōe'' |Gorobioye |(<small>N</small> [https://www.cultodivino.va/content/dam/cultodivino/rivista-notitiae/1980/notitiae-17-(1981)/Notitiae-177-1981.pdf pag. 227]) |- |ごろすけ |''Gorosuke'' |Gorosuque |(<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Gorosvqve&pg=PA361&printsec=frontcover pag. 362]) |- |ごろうえもん |''Gorōemon'' |Goroyemon |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Goroyemon+Cataxima&pg=PA72&printsec=frontcover pag. 72]) |- |ごろうざえもん |''Gorōzaemon'' |Gorozaimon; Gorozayemon |(<small>MGJ</small> [https://www2.uibk.ac.at/downloads/Periochen/A_Feldkirch/1669_Fk22_Minami_Gorozaimon_Johannes_Japon.Feldkirch.pdf pag. 2]); (<small>FEIF</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Fasciculus_e_Iapponicis_floribus_suo_adh/ALBO9zYMg7UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioannes+gorozayemon&pg=PT48&printsec=frontcover pag. 48]) |- |げんしろう |''Genshirō'' |Guenxirò |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Guenxiro&pg=PA48&printsec=frontcover pag. 48]) |- |げんえもん |''Gen'emon'' |Guenyemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Guenyemon&pg=PA58&printsec=frontcover pag. 58]) |- |やきち |''Yakichi'' |Iaquichi |(<small>CSRSE</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Congregatione_sacrorum_rituum_siue_emine/k5LH05G3KMQC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Iaquichi&pg=RA1-PA8&printsec=frontcover pag. 8]) |- |やすけ |''Yasuke'' |Iasuques |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Iafuques&pg=PA97&printsec=frontcover pag. 97]) |- |やしちろう |''Yashichirō'' |Iaxichireus |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Petrus+Iaxichireus&pg=PA102&printsec=frontcover pag. 102]) |- |やざえもん |''Yazaemon'' |Iazaiemon; Yazayemon |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=iazaiemon&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover pag. 19]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Yazayemon&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover pag. 52]) |- |いちびょうえ |''Ichibyōe'' |Ichibioius |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=ichibioius+quoque&pg=PA7&printsec=frontcover pag. 7]) |- |いちざえもん |''Ichizaemon'' |Ichizaiemon; Ichizeiemon; Schizaimon; Ychizayemon |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ichizaiemon+combuftus+Ifabella&pg=PA105&printsec=frontcover pag. 105]); (<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ichizeiemon&pg=PA82&printsec=frontcover pag. 82]); (<small>HI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/HISTORIA_IAPONENSIS_ANNI_M_DC_XXIV/tSU4_EDri-UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=schizai-+monis&pg=PA39&printsec=frontcover pag. 39]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ychizayemon&pg=PA60&printsec=frontcover pag. 61]) |- |えもん |''Emon'' |Iemon |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Iemon+Iaponiae&pg=PA46&printsec=frontcover pag. 46]) |- |えものすけ |''Emonosuke'' |Iemonosuque |(<small>PCYC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ponencias_Comunicaciones_Y_Conclusiones/PZ28Kxx4mHIC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Xurinosuque&pg=PA288&printsec=frontcover pag. 288]) |- |えんぽう |''Enpō'' |Iempo; Yempo |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Simon+Iempo+Iaponiae&pg=PA14&printsec=frontcover pag. 14]); (<small>FEIF</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Fasciculus_e_Iapponicis_floribus_suo_adh/ALBO9zYMg7UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Simonem+Yemp%C3%B2&pg=PA104-IA3&printsec=frontcover pag. 104]) |- |じひょうえ |''Jihyōe'' |Iifioye |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=iifioye+Ychiz%C3%A0+Nizayemon&pg=PA40&printsec=frontcover pag. 40]) |- |じんびょうえ |''Jinbyōe'' |Iimbioye |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Simeon+limbioye&pg=PA39&printsec=frontcover pag. 39]) |- |じんえもん |''Jin'emon'' |Iinyemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Petro+Yafioye&pg=PA56&printsec=frontcover pag. 56]) |- |よひょうえ |''Yohyōe'' |Iofioius; Yofioye |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioannes+Ienegura&pg=PA90&printsec=frontcover pag. 90]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Gregorius+Yofioye&pg=PA60&printsec=frontcover pag. 60]) |- |よえもん |''Yoemon'' |Ioiemon; Yoiemon |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioiemon&pg=PA104&printsec=frontcover pag. 104]); (<small>RM</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Rerum_memorabilium_in_regno_Japoniae_ges/7LsTPHqocE8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Yoiemon+Thomas&pg=PA109&printsec=frontcover pag. 109]) |- |よさく |''Yosaku'' |Iosacu |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Thomas+iofaeu&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover pag. 20]) |- |よそびょうえ |''Yosobyōe'' |Iosobioie |(<small>RM</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Rervm_memorabilivm_in_regno_Iaponi%C3%A6_ges/NtlibTzZ8u4C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Iofobioie+Ioachimus&pg=PA93&printsec=frontcover pag. 93]) |- |よしのぶ |''Yoshinobu'' |Ioxinobu; [[Ioxinobus]]; [[Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus|Yoxinobus]] |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=deuani&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover pag. 52]) |- |ゆざえもん |''Yuzaemon'' |Iuzayemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Antonius+Iuzayemon&pg=PA54&printsec=frontcover pag. 54]) |- |じゅざぶろう |''Juzaburō'' |Iuzaburo |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Paulus+Anazaua+Iuzaburo&pg=PA36&printsec=frontcover pag. 36]) |- |かねとし |''Kanetoshi'' |Kanetoshus |([http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2005/biographiae/mishima/index.php Ephemeris]) |- |きみたけ |''Kimitake'' |[[Kimitakus Hiraoka|Kimitakus]] | |- |きさく |''Kisaku'' |Kisacu; Kisacus; Quisaco; Quisacu; Quisacus |(<small>MI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mortes_illustres_et_gesta_eorum_de_Socie/Aqm2XVn1e-4C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioannes+Kisacv&pg=PA383&printsec=frontcover pag. 383]); (<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Rinxeum+Tozum&pg=RA2-PA242&printsec=frontcover pag. 242]); (<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioannes+Quisaco&pg=RA1-PA5&printsec=frontcover pag. 5]); (<small>MMN</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ioan_Euseb_Nierembergii_P_Marcellus_Mast/fxNSAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=XLVIII+IOANNES&pg=PA284&printsec=frontcover pag. 284]); (<small>PLD</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Paciecide/W98MAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=paciecide+Xinsuquius&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover pag. 19]) |- |きざえもん |''Kizaemon'' |Kizayemon; Quizaiemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogvs_Regvlarivm_Et_Secvlarivm_Qui_i/L25DAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Mathias+Kizayemon&pg=PA34&printsec=frontcover pag. 34]); (<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=quizaiemon&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover pag. 19]) |- |まごえもん |''Magoemon'' |Magoyemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Paulus+Magoyemon&pg=PA47&printsec=frontcover pag. 47]) |- |まござえもん |''Magozaemon'' |Magozaiemon; Mangozaiemon; Magozayemon; Mongazaiemon |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Micha%C3%ABl+Magozaiemon&pg=PA102&printsec=frontcover pag. 102]); (<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=sazaiemon&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover pag. 20]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Michael+Magozayemon&pg=PA62&printsec=frontcover pag. 62]); (<small>HI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettera_annua_del_Giappone_dell_anno_162/hzwxyhoUHjoC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=mongazaiemon&pg=PA6&printsec=frontcover pag. 6]) |- |まごびょうえ |''Magobyōe'' |Mangobioye |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Mangobioye&pg=PA49&printsec=frontcover pag. 49]) |- |まごすけ |''Magosuke'' |Mangosuque |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=mangofu&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover pag. 124]) |- |まさかつ |''Masakatsu'' |Masakatsus |([http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2005/biographiae/mishima/index.php Ephemeris]) |- |まさむね |''Masamune'' |Masamunus; [[Massamune]]; Massamunes; Massamunus; Massomune |(<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=masamunus&pg=RA2-PA75&printsec=frontcover pag. 75]); (<small>GFR</small> [https://archive.org/details/gloriosusfrancis00mari/page/560/mode/2up?q=IdateMafamune%2C pag. 560]); (<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Daisem+Iaponiae+Massa-munus&pg=PA32&printsec=frontcover pag. 32]); (<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Massomune&pg=PA50&printsec=frontcover pag. 50]) |- |またびょうえ |''Matabyōe'' |Matabioye |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Matabioye&pg=PA42&printsec=frontcover pag. 42]) |- |またごろう |''Matagorō'' |Matagorus |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Paulus+Matagorus&pg=PA37&printsec=frontcover pag. 37]) |- |またざえもん |''Matazaemon'' |Matasayemon; Matasayemonius; Matazaiemon; Matazayemon |(<small>MMN</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/P_Marcellvs_Mastrillvs_Neapolitanvs_Soci/4yRoAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Denxiro&pg=PA292&printsec=frontcover pag. 292]); (<small>MI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mortes_Illvstres_Et_Gesta_Eorvm_De_Socie/eTplAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Densciro+Mata-+fayemonio&pg=PA428&printsec=frontcover pag. 428]); (<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=matazaiemon&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover pag. 19]); (<small>FEIF</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Fasciculus_e_Iapponicis_floribus_suo_adh/ALBO9zYMg7UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Francifcus+Matazaye&pg=PT39&printsec=frontcover pag. 39]) |- |みちこ |''Michiko'' |[[Michika]] | |- |もひょうえ |''Mohyōe'' |Mofioye |(<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Bartholomaeus+Mofioye&pg=RA1-PA2&printsec=frontcover pag. 2]) |- |もごえもん |''Mogoemon'' |Mogoyemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Michael+Mogoyemon&pg=PA47&printsec=frontcover pag. 48]) |- |もえもん |''Moemon'' |Moiemon; Moyemon |(<small>HI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettera_annua_del_Giappone_dell_anno_162/hzwxyhoUHjoC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Alexius+Moiemon&pg=PA30&printsec=frontcover pag. 30]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Conda+moyemon&pg=PA66&printsec=frontcover pag. 66]) |- |もざえもん |''Mozaemon'' |Mozayemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=ignatius+concrematus+Tzungari&pg=PA44&printsec=frontcover pag. 44]) |- |むつひと |''Mutsuhito'' |[[Mutshuistus]] | |- |のぶなが |''Nobunaga'' |Nabunanga; [[Nobunanga]]; Nubunanga |(<small>BDJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Brevis_Descriptio_Japaniae_Insulae_ac_re/TRRUAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Nabunangam&pg=PA38-IA1&printsec=frontcover pag. 38]); (<small>IPMB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ioannis_Petri_Maffeii_Bergomatis_e_Socie/R6ipkftCkH8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Nubunang%C3%A6&pg=PA550&printsec=frontcover pag. 550]) |- |ないぜん |''Naizen'' |Naisenus; Naiysen |(<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=ad+eas+voces+Naisenus&pg=RA2-PA245&printsec=frontcover pag. 245]); (<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioannes+Naiysen&pg=RA1-PA5&printsec=frontcover pag. 5]) |- |にえもん |''Niemon'' |Niyemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioachimus+Niyemon&pg=PA39&printsec=frontcover pag. 39]) |- |にざえもん |''Nizaemon'' |Nizayemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioachimus+Niyemon&pg=PA39&printsec=frontcover pag. 40]) |- |けんしん |''Kenshin'' |Queixin |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Caguecatsu+Queixin&pg=PA4&printsec=frontcover pag. 4]) |- |けんすけ |''Kensuke'' |Quensuque |(<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Quensuque&pg=PA512&printsec=frontcover pag. 512]) |- |きびょうえ |''Kibyōe'' |Quibioyus |(<small>HSJ2</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_Societatis_Jesu_pars_sexta/RmB_J2nrtv8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Micha%C3%ABl+xozaburus&pg=PA424&printsec=frontcover pag. 424]) |- |きヘいじ |''Kiheiji'' |Quifeyius |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Quifeyius+,+lance%C3%A2+confossus+,&pg=PA103&printsec=frontcover pag. 103]) |- |きゅうびょうえ |''Kyūbyōe'' |Quiubioye |(<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Quensuque&pg=PA512&printsec=frontcover pag. 512]) |- |きえもん |''Kiemon'' |Quiemon; Quiemonus |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Quiemon&pg=PA54&printsec=frontcover pag. 54]); (<small>PLD</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Paciecide/W98MAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=352+paciecide&pg=PA451&printsec=frontcover pag. 452]) |- |きんたろう |''Kintarō'' |Quintaro |(<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Quintaro+Ludouicus+Iamaguchi&pg=PA515&printsec=frontcover pag. 515]) |- |りひょうえ |''Rihyōe'' |Rifioie; Rifioye |(<small>RM</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Rerum_memorabilium_in_regno_Japoniae_ges/7LsTPHqocE8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Rifioie+Linus&pg=PA108&printsec=frontcover pag. 108]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Leo+Rifioye+obtruncatus&pg=PA27&printsec=frontcover pag. 27]) |- |りんせい |''Rinsei'' |Rinxaeus; Rinxei; Rinxeius; Rinxeus; Rinzei |(<small>PLD</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Paciecide/W98MAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Rinx%C3%A6i&pg=PA164&printsec=frontcover pag. 164]); (<small>MMN</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ioan_Euseb_Nierembergii_P_Marcellus_Mast/fxNSAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Petrvs+Rinxei&pg=PA284&printsec=frontcover pag. 284]); (<small>PLD</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Paciecide/W98MAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=paciecide+Rinxwus+.+Dum&pg=PA162&printsec=frontcover pag. 162]); (<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Rinxeum+Tozum&pg=RA2-PA242&printsec=frontcover pag. 242]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Petrus+Rinzei&pg=PA45&printsec=frontcover pag. 45]) |- |りょかん |''Ryōkan'' |Riocan |(<small>MI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mortes_Illvstres_Et_Gesta_Eorvm_De_Socie/eTplAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Riocan+Amacus%C3%A2+Fingensis&pg=PA427&printsec=frontcover pag. 427]) |- |りゅうさ |''Ryūsa'' |Riusa |(<small>DRI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_rebus_Japonicis_Indicis_et_Peruanis_e/L4mCvYrr_K8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioachimus+Riusa&pg=PA144&printsec=frontcover pag. 144]) |- |ろくびょうえ |''Rokubyōe'' |Rocubioye |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Rocubioye&pg=PA68&printsec=frontcover pag. 68]) |- |ろくえもん |''Rokuemon'' |Rocoyemon; Rocuiemon; Rocuiemonus; [[Faxecura Rocuyemon|Rocuyemon]] |(<small>GFR</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Gloriosus_Franciscus_redivivus_sive_Chro/cfCq2mLSBBAC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Rocoyemonem+fic+vocatum&pg=PA548&printsec=frontcover pag. 548]); (<small>IUPI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Idea_christianae_fortitudinis_in_Iusto_U/O_NEAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=thomas+Schlichtinger&pg=PA13&printsec=frontcover pag. 13]); (<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Acafoxius&pg=RA2-PA113&printsec=frontcover pag. 113]) |- |ろくざえもん |''Rokuzaemon'' |Rocuzayemon; Rokuzayemon |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Rocuzayemon&pg=PA60&printsec=frontcover pag. 60]); (<small>N</small> [https://www.cultodivino.va/content/dam/cultodivino/rivista-notitiae/1980/notitiae-17-(1981)/Notitiae-177-1981.pdf pag. 227]) |- |さびょうえ |''Sabyōe'' |Sabioye |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioannes+sabioye&pg=PA54&printsec=frontcover pag. 54]) |- |さぶろうびょうえ |''Saburōbyōe'' |Saburobioie |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Saburobioie&pg=PA24&printsec=frontcover pag. 24]) |- |さぶろうえもん |''Saburōemon'' |Saburoiemon |(<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Michael+Nacaxima&pg=RA2-PP2&printsec=frontcover pag. 266]) |- |さくびょうえ |''Sakubyōe'' |Sacubyoius |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Sacubyoius+natusMeaci+Feiz%C3%B2&pg=PA79&printsec=frontcover pag. 79]) |- |さくえもん |''Sakuemon'' |Sacuyemon |(<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Sacuyemone+Ximabavanos&pg=RA2-PA255&printsec=frontcover pag. 255]) |- |さくぞう |''Sakuzō'' |Sacuzò |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=gaspar+Sacuz%C3%B2&pg=PA61&printsec=frontcover pag. 61]) |- |さくざえもん |''Sakuzaemon'' |Sacuzaiemon |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Sacuzaiemon&pg=PA113&printsec=frontcover pag. 113]) |- |さだまつ |''Sadamatsu'' |Sadamataeus; Sadamathaeus; Sadamatzu; Sadamatzus; Sandamatsu; Sandamatzu |(<small>HSJ2</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_quinta_to/wJScgg9re0QC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=sadamataeus+Fasami&pg=PA80&printsec=frontcover pag. 80]); (<small>PLD</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Paciecidos_libri_duodecim_Decantatar_cla/cmYIjWMGu7UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Sadamath%C3%A6us&pg=PA184&printsec=frontcover pag. 184]); (<small>MI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mortes_Illustres_Et_Gesta_Eorum_De_Socie/eTplAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Gaspari+Sadamatzu&pg=PA382&printsec=frontcover pag. 382]); (<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Sadamatzus&pg=RA2-PA239&printsec=frontcover pag. 239]); (<small>MI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mortes_Illustres_Et_Gesta_Eorum_De_Socie/eTplAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Gafpar+Sandamatsu&pg=PA369&printsec=frontcover pag. 369]); (<small>AES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ad_Evangelia_Sanctorum_temporis_commenta/CH5BAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Gaspar+Sandamatzu&pg=PA449&printsec=frontcover pag. 449]) |- |さひょうえ |''Sahyōe'' |Safiogius; Safioie; Safioye; Safioyus |(<small>PLD</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Paciecide/W98MAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Safiogius+illinc&pg=PA46&printsec=frontcover pag. 46]); (<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Safioie&pg=PA122&printsec=frontcover pag. 122]); (<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apud_Iaponios_triumphis_s/M_3dynNC9EQC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Safioye&pg=PA422&printsec=frontcover pag. 422]); (<small>MI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mortes_Illvstres_Et_Gesta_Eorvm_De_Socie/eTplAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Findeyoro+Safioyo&pg=PA275&printsec=frontcover pag. 275]) |- |さいごう |''Saigō'' |Saigo(nis) |([http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2008/nuntius2.php?id=313 Ephemeris]) |- |さんぺい |''Sanpei'' |Sampei |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Michael+Sampei&pg=PA72&printsec=frontcover pag. 72]) |- |さんぽう |''Sanpō'' |Sampò; Zampo |(<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Petro+Sampo&pg=RA2-PA98&printsec=frontcover pag. 98]); (<small>IPS</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Imago_primi_saeculi_Societatis_Iesu_a_Pr/qu96aXgmp4oC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Petrum+Zampo&pg=PA528&printsec=frontcover pag. 528]) |- |さだゆう |''Sadayū'' |Sandaius; Sandayu; Sandayus |(<small>PLD</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Paciecide/W98MAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=352+paciecide&pg=PA451&printsec=frontcover pag. 452]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=sandayu+petrus&pg=PA40&printsec=frontcover pag. 40]); (<small>IPS</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Imago_primi_saeculi_Societatis_Iesu_a_Pr/qu96aXgmp4oC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=sandayus+Onda+gladio&pg=PA529&printsec=frontcover pag. 529]) |- |さんじゅうろう |''Sanjūrō'' |Saniurò |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Saniur%C3%B2&pg=PA56&printsec=frontcover pag. 56]) |- |さんきち |''Sankichi'' |Sanquichi |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Paulus+Sanquichi&pg=PA28&printsec=frontcover pag. 28]); (<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Paulus+Sanquichi&pg=RA1-PA2&printsec=frontcover pag. 2]) |- |さえもん |''Saemon'' |Sayemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Sayemon&pg=PA58&printsec=frontcover pag. 58]) |- |さざえもん |''Sazaemon'' |Sazaiemon; Sazayemon |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=sazaiemon&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover pag. 20]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Petrus+Sazayemon&pg=PA34&printsec=frontcover pag. 34]) |- |しんぞう |''Shinzō'' |[[Scinzus Abe|Scinzus]] | |- |しょうえもん |''Shōemon'' |Shoyemon; Xoyemon |(<small>N</small> [https://www.cultodivino.va/content/dam/cultodivino/rivista-notitiae/1980/notitiae-17-(1981)/Notitiae-177-1981.pdf pag. 227]); (<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_religiosorum_Societatis_Iesu_q/GcT6x9g1q3MC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Sebastianus+Quitayama+Xoyemon&pg=PA85&printsec=frontcover pag. 85]) |- |しんたろう |''Shintarō'' |Sintarus |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Sintarus&pg=PA66&printsec=frontcover pag. 66]) |- |そうびょうえ |''Sōbyōe'' |Sobioye |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Didacus+Sasaki&pg=PA67&printsec=frontcover pag. 67]) |- |そうかん |''Sōkan'' |Socan |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Socan+Xofachi&pg=PA46&printsec=frontcover pag. 46]) |- |そうはん |''Sōhan'' |Sofan |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Sofan+Feisacu&pg=PA46&printsec=frontcover pag. 46]) |- |そえもん |''Soemon'' |Soiemon; Soyemon |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ignatius+Soiemon&pg=PA36&printsec=frontcover pag. 36]); (<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Joannes+Soyemon&pg=RA1-PA2&printsec=frontcover pag. 2]) |- |すけじろう |''Sukejirō'' |Suchegirus; Suqueixein; Suquexirus |(<small>AS</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Acta_sanctorum/S089AQAAMAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Petrus+SUCHEGIRus&pg=PA597&printsec=frontcover pag. 597]); (<small>AJP</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Analecta_juris_pontificii/TKwLAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Suqueixein+analecta&pg=RA3-PA1085-IA6&printsec=frontcover pag. 1066]); (<small>AS</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Acta_sanctorum/S089AQAAMAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Suquexirus&pg=PA746&printsec=frontcover pag. 746]) |- |すけはち |''Sukehachi'' |Sukefachi |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioannes+sukefachi&pg=PA50&printsec=frontcover pag. 50]) |- |すけだゆう |''Sukedayū'' |Sukendayus; Sukendaynus |(<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Sukendayus&pg=RA2-PA116&printsec=frontcover pag. 116]); (<small>TP</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Trinum_perfectum_via_veritas_vita_Seu_Se/P_XcjbqWZjsC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=kendaynus&pg=PA193&printsec=frontcover pag. 193]) |- |すけえもん |''Sukeemon'' |Sukeyemon; Suqueiemon; Suqueyemon |(<small>FEIF</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Fasciculus_e_Iapponicis_floribus_suo_adh/ALBO9zYMg7UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ludouicus+Sukeye&pg=PT47&printsec=frontcover pag. 47]); (<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=leo+suqueiemon&pg=RA1-PA2&printsec=frontcover pag. 2]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Suqueyemon&pg=PA28&printsec=frontcover pag. 28]) |- |すみただ |''Sumitada'' |[[Sumitanda|Sumitanda, X(i)umitanda]] | |- |すけざえもん |''Sukezaemon'' |Suquezaiemon |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_Persecutionis_adversus_christia/StkoiSVysfkC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Suquezaie&pg=PA103&printsec=frontcover pag. 103]) |- |すけぞう |''Sukezō'' |Suquezò |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Micha%C3%ABl+Ruffina+eius+vxor&pg=PA102&printsec=frontcover pag. 102]) |- |たこすけ |''Takosuke'' |Tacosuque |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Tacofuque&pg=PA88&printsec=frontcover pag. 88]) |- |たひょうえ |''Tahyōe'' |Tafioye |(<small>RM</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Rerum_memorabilium_in_regno_Japoniae_ges/7LsTPHqocE8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=moto+Tafioye&pg=PA108&printsec=frontcover pag. 108]) |- |たえもん |''Taemon'' |Taiemon; Tayemon |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_religiosorum_Societatis_Iesu_q/GcT6x9g1q3MC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Taiemon&pg=PA7&printsec=frontcover pag. 7]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ninda+Tayemon&pg=PA66&printsec=frontcover pag. 67]) |- |たろびょうえ |''Tarōbyōe'' |Tarobioye |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Tarobioye&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover pag. 20]) |- |たろざえもん |''Tarozaemon'' |Tarosayemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Tarosayemon&pg=PA12&printsec=frontcover pag. 12]) |- |たろすけ |''Tarosuke'' |Tarosuque |(<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=tarosvqve&pg=PA399&printsec=frontcover pag. 399]) |- |たろうえもん |''Tarōemon'' |Taroyemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Mathias+Taroyemon&pg=PA42&printsec=frontcover pag. 42]) |- |たざえもん |''Tazaemon'' |Tazayemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Iofephus+Firoxe+Tazayemon&pg=PA67&printsec=frontcover pag. 67]) |- |とびょうえ |''Tobyōe'' |Tobioius; Tobioye |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Tobioium&pg=PA127&printsec=frontcover pag. 127]); (<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Tobioye&pg=PA42&printsec=frontcover pag. 42]) |- |とくあん |''Tokuan'' |Tocuan |(<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Andreas+Tocuan&pg=RA1-PA1&printsec=frontcover pag. 1]) |- |とうえもん |''Tōemon'' |Toiemon; Toyemon |(<small>RM</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Rerum_memorabilium_in_regno_Japoniae_ges/7LsTPHqocE8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=vxor+Lucia,+Rufina&pg=PA109&printsec=frontcover pag. 109]); (<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Alter+Toyem%C3%B3n&pg=PA363&printsec=frontcover pag. 363]) |- |とうきちろう |''Tōkichirō'' |[[Toquixirus]] | |- |とらのすけ |''Toranosuke'' |Toranusuque |(<small>DRI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_rebus_Japonicis_Indicis_et_Peruanis_e/L4mCvYrr_K8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=quod+autem+ad+toranusuque&pg=PA355&printsec=frontcover pag. 355]) |- |とうぞう |''Tōzō'' |Tosso; Tozo; Tozus |(<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Michael+Tosso&pg=RA1-PA5&printsec=frontcover pag. 5]); (<small>BSSI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_scriptorum_Societatis_Iesu_p/C1pEAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Michael+Tozo&pg=PA579&printsec=frontcover pag. 579]); (<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Rinxeum+Tozum&pg=RA2-PA242&printsec=frontcover pag. 242]) |- |とうしろう |''Tōshirō'' |Toxiró |(<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Toxir%C3%B3&pg=PA512&printsec=frontcover pag. 512]) |- |せいすけ |''Seisuke'' |Xeisuque |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Sat%C3%B2+Xeifuque&pg=PA37&printsec=frontcover pag. 37]) |- |せいざえもん |''Seizaemon'' |Xeizayemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Mancius+Xeizayemon&pg=PA64&printsec=frontcover pag. 64]) |- |しちびょうえ |''Shichibyōe'' |Xichibioye |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Iacobus+Xichibioye&pg=PA45&printsec=frontcover pag. 45]) |- |しちろうびょうえ |''Shichirōbyōe'' |Xichirobioye |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Mathias+Xichirobioye+capite&pg=PA11&printsec=frontcover pag. 11]) |- |しちえもん |''Shichiemon'' |Xichiyemon |(<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Bartholomaeus+Xichiyemon&pg=RA1-PA3&printsec=frontcover pag. 3]) |- |しちざえもん |''Shichizaemon'' |Xichizaiemone |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Xichizaiemone&pg=PA37&printsec=frontcover pag. 37]) |- |しんびょうえ |''Shinbyōe'' |Ximbioye |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogvs_Regvlarivm_Et_Secvlarivm_Qui_i/L25DAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ludouicus+Ximbioye&pg=PA48&printsec=frontcover pag. 48]) |- |しんごろう |''Shingorō'' |Xingorò |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Xingor%C3%B2&pg=PA46&printsec=frontcover pag. 46]) |- |しんげん |''Shingen'' |Xinguen |(<small>IPMB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ioannis_Petri_Maffeij_Bergomatis_e_socie/bLbkAWxDoeMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Xinguen&pg=PT467&printsec=frontcover pag. 467]) |- |しのくろ |''Shinokuro'' |Xinocurus |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Xinocurus&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover pag. 20]) |- |しんえもん |''Shin'emon'' |Xinyemon |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Paulus+Xinyemon&pg=PA102&printsec=frontcover pag. 102]); (<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Leonis+Xinyemon&pg=PA145&printsec=frontcover pag. 145]) |- |しんしろう |''Shinshirō'' |Xinxiro |(<small>RM</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Rerum_memorabilium_in_regno_Japoniae_ges/7LsTPHqocE8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Xinxiro+Thomam&pg=PA108&printsec=frontcover pag. 109]) |- |しんざぶろう |''Shinzaburō'' |Xinzaburus |(<small>HN</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historia_naturae_maxime_peregrinae_libri/iaZpDtLxxfgC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Xinzaburus&pg=PT23&printsec=frontcover pag. 384]) |- |しんざえもん |''Shinzaemon'' |Xinzayemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Conda+moyemon&pg=PA66&printsec=frontcover pag. 67]) |- |しきぶ |''Shikibu'' |Xiquibu |(<small>NPAC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Nixifori+Xiquibu&pg=PA15&printsec=frontcover pag. 15]) |- |しちろう |''Shichirō'' |Xiquirò |(<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Thomas+Xiquir%C3%B2&pg=RA1-PA4&printsec=frontcover pag. 4]) |- |しろうざえもん |''Shirōzaemon'' |Xirosaiemon |(<small>LAI</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Xirosaiemon&pg=PA125&printsec=frontcover pag. 124]) |- |しょうびょうえ |''Shōbyōe'' |Xobioie; Xobioye |(<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=dominicus+xobioie&pg=PA26&printsec=frontcover pag. 26]); (<small>FEIF</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Fasciculus_e_Iapponicis_floribus_suo_adh/ALBO9zYMg7UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Michael+Xobioye&pg=PT12&printsec=frontcover pag. 12]) |- |しょうはち |''Shōhachi'' |Xofachi |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Socan+Xofachi&pg=PA46&printsec=frontcover pag. 46]) |- |しょうじろう |''Shōjirō'' |Xogiro |(<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioannes+Xogiro+Faramodo&pg=PA479&printsec=frontcover pag. 479]) |- |しょういち |''Shōichi'' |Xoichi |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioachimus+Xoichi&pg=PA57&printsec=frontcover pag. 57]) |- |しょうきちろう |''Shōkichirō'' |Xokichirò |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Paulus+Xokichir%C3%B2&pg=PA72&printsec=frontcover pag. 72]) |- |しょうけん |''Shōken'' |Xoquen |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Xoquen&pg=PA40&printsec=frontcover pag. 40]) |- |しょうすけ |''Shōsuke'' |Xosuque |(<small>CAIT</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Xofuque&pg=PA487&printsec=frontcover pag. 487]) |- |しょううん |''Shōun'' |Xoum |(<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Joannes+Xoum&pg=RA1-PA1&printsec=frontcover pag. 1]) |- |しょうざぶろう |''Shōzaburō'' |Xozaburus |(<small>HSJ2</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_Societatis_Jesu_pars_sexta/RmB_J2nrtv8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Micha%C3%ABl+xozaburus&pg=PA424&printsec=frontcover pag. 424]) |- |しゅんぽう |''Shunpō'' |Xumpò; Xumpus |(<small>JB</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Michael+Xump%C3%B2&pg=RA1-PA3&printsec=frontcover pag. 3]); (<small>HSJ</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Acafoxius&pg=RA2-PA113&printsec=frontcover pag. 113]) |- |しゅりのすけ |''Shurinosuke'' |Xurinosuque |(<small>PCYC</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ponencias_Comunicaciones_Y_Conclusiones/PZ28Kxx4mHIC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Xurinosuque&pg=PA288&printsec=frontcover pag. 288]) |- |やひょうえ |''Yahyōe'' |Yafioye |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Petro+Yafioye&pg=PA56&printsec=frontcover pag. 56]) |- |やすえもん |''Yasuemon'' |Yasuyemon |(<small>MB152</small> [https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Barb.or.152 littera 4]) |- |いちご |''Ichigo'' |Ychygo |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Matth%C3%A6us+Ychygo&pg=PA41&printsec=frontcover pag. 41]) |- |いちぞう |''Ichizō'' |Ychizò |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Michael+Ychiz%C3%B2&pg=PA45&printsec=frontcover pag. 45]) |- |ようこ |''Yōko'' |Yokoa |([http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2005/biographiae/mishima/index.php Ephemeris]) |- |よりとも |''Yoritomo'' |[[Yoritomus]] | |- |よさざえもん |''Yosazaemon'' |Yosazayemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Thomas+Yofazayemon&pg=PA54&printsec=frontcover pag. 54]) |- |よしちろう |''Yoshichirō'' |Yoxichirò |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=gafpar+Yoxichiro&pg=PA73&printsec=frontcover pag. 73]) |- |よしえもん |''Yoshiemon'' |Yoxiyemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/IlxS0zUZc_UC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Yoxiyemon&pg=PA66&printsec=frontcover pag. 66]) |- |よざえもん |''Yozaemon'' |Yozayemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Simon+Yozayemon&pg=PA40&printsec=frontcover pag. 40]) |- |ゆきお |''Yukio'' |[[Yukius]] | |- |ゆえもん |''Yuemon'' |Yuyemon |(<small>CRES</small> [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Yuyemon&pg=PA50&printsec=frontcover pag. 50]) |} == Elenchus fontium == * '''BDJ''': ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Brevis_Descriptio_Japaniae_Insulae_ac_re/TRRUAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv= Brevis Descriptio Japaniae Insulae ac rerum quarundam in ea morabilium a patribus societatii Jesu gestarum succincta narratio]'', Coloniae Agrippinae 1582. * '''IPMB''': Ioannes Petrus Maffeius, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ioannis_Petri_Maffeii_Bergomatis_e_Socie/R6ipkftCkH8C?hl=it&gbpv=1 Ioannis Petri Maffeii Bergomatis e Societate Iesu, Historiarum Indicarum libri XVI. Selectarum item ex India Epistolarum eodem interprete Libri IIII]'', Ludguni 1589. * '''RIIR''': Alexander Valignanus, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Rebvs_In_Iaponiae_Regno_Post_Mortem_T/dTplAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 De Rebus In Iaponiae Regno, Post Mortem Taicosamae, Iaponici Monarchae, gestis Epistolae Duae Ad R. P. Claudium Aquavivam Societatis Praepositum Generalem]'', Moguntiae 1603. * '''DRI''': Ioannes Hayus, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_rebus_iaponicis/pn1kAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 De rebus Iaponicis Indiciis et Peruanis epistolae recentiores]'', Antverpiae 1605. * '''RDM''': ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Relationes_de_morte_novem_Christianorum/CFlnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 Relationes de morte novem Christianorum Japonensium qui pro fide catholica in regno Fingensi, Sassumano, et Firandensi occubuerunt]'', Moguntiae 1612. * '''CAIT''': Nicolaus Trigautius, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Christianis_apvd_Iapanios_trivmphis_s/HjBYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 De Christianis apud Iaponios triumphis sive de gravissima ibidem contra Christi fidem persecutione exorta anno MDCXII usq. ad annum MDC XX libri quinq.]'', Monachii 1623. * '''GFR''': Marinus de Orscelar, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Gloriosus_Franciscus_redivivus_sive_Chro/cfCq2mLSBBAC?hl=it&gbpv=1 Gloriosus Franciscus redivivus sive Chronica observantiae strictioris, reparatae, reductae, ac reformatae]'', Ingolstadii, 1625. * '''RM''': ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Rerum_memorabilium_in_regno_Japoniae_ges/7LsTPHqocE8C?hl=it&gbpv=1 Rerum memorabilium in regno Japoniae gestarum litterae an. M.DC.XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. Societatis Jesu]'', Antverpiae 1625. * '''HI''': Ioannes Giram, Mutius Vitellescus, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettera_annua_del_Giappone_dell_anno_162/hzwxyhoUHjoC?hl=it&gbpv=1 Historia laponensis anni M.DC.XXIV. Continens felicem Christianæ Fidei progressum, et varia Iaponensium Christianorum pro Fide certamina. Ex literis R. P. Ioannis Froes Giram datis ad adm. R. Patrem in Christo P. Mutium Vitellescum Societ. Iesu. Præposit. Generalem. Ex Italico idiomate in Latinum translata]'', Moguntiae 1628. * '''LAI''': ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/LKk1AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Litterae+Annvae+Iaponiae+Anni+M.DC.XXIV.&pg=PP1&printsec=frontcover Litterae Annuae Iaponiae Anni M.DC.XXIV. Datae Ad Admodum R. P. Mutium Vitelleschi Societatis Iesu Praepositum Generalem. Ex Italico In Latinum Translatae, Nunc Primum In Lucem Edita]'', Dilingae, 1628. * '''HN''': Ioannes Eusebius Nierembergius, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historia_naturae_maxime_peregrinae_libri/iaZpDtLxxfgC?hl=it&gbpv=1 Historia naturæ, maxime peregrinæ libris XVI distincta]'', Antverpiae 1635. * '''NPAC''': Christophorus Ferreira, Mutius Vitellescus, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Narratio+persecVtionis+adversus+christianos&pg=PA48&printsec=frontcover Narratio persecutionis adversus christianos excitatae in variis Japoniae regnis ann. MDCXXVIII, MDCXXIX, MDCXXX]'', Antverpiae 1635. *'''IPS''': ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Imago_primi_saeculi_Societatis_Iesu_a_Pr/qu96aXgmp4oC?hl=it&gbpv=1 Imago primi saeculi Societatis Iesu a Prouincia Flandro-Belgica eiusdem Societatis repraesentata]'', Antverpiae 1640. *'''BSSI''': Philippus Alegambe, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Bibliotheca_scriptorum_Societatis_Iesu_p/C1pEAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 Bibliotheca scriptorum Societatis Iesu post excusum anno M.DC.VIII. catalogum R. P. Petri Ribadeneirae]'', Antverpiae 1643. * '''CRES''': Antonius Franciscus Cardim, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_regularium_et_secularium_qui_i/F4Mk53VDH4EC?hl=it&gbpv=1 Catalogus regularium et secularium qui in Iapponiae Regnis usque a fundata ibi a S. Francisco Xaverio gentis apostolo ecclesiae ab Ethnicis in odium Christianae fidei sub quatuor tyrannis violenta morte sublati sunt]'', Romae 1646. * '''FEIF''': Antonius Franciscus Cardim, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Fasciculus_e_Iapponicis_floribus_suo_adh/ALBO9zYMg7UC?hl=it&gbpv=1 Fasciculus e Iapponicis floribus, suo adhuc madentibus sanguine, compositus a P. Antonio Francisco Cardim è Societate Iesu]'', Romae 1646. * '''AES''': Antonius de Escobar et Mendoza: ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ad_Evangelia_Sanctorum_temporis_commenta/CH5BAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 Ad Evangelia Sanctorum temporis commentarii panegyrici moralibus illustrati]'', Lugduni, 1648. * '''MMN''': Ioannes Eusebius Nierembergius, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/P_Marcellvs_Mastrillvs_Neapolitanvs_Soci/4yRoAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 P. Marcellus Mastrillus Neapolitanus Societatis Iesu]'', Dilingae 1648. * '''MI''': Philippus Alegambe, Ioannes Nadasi, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Mortes_Illvstres_Et_Gesta_Eorvm_De_Socie/eTplAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 Mortes illustres et gesta eorum de Societate Iesu]'', Romae 1657. * '''IUPI''': Iosephus Franck, [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Idea_christianae_fortitudinis_in_Iusto_U/O_NEAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 ''Idea christianae fortitudinis in Iusto Ucondono principe Iaponico exhibita''], Monachii 1663. * '''AL''': Ioannes Dallaeus, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Adversus_Latinorum_de_cultus_religiosi_o/tylLAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 Adversus Latinorum de cultus religiosi objecto traditionem disputatio]'', Genevae 1664. * '''MGJ''': ''[https://www2.uibk.ac.at/downloads/Periochen/A_Feldkirch/1669_Fk22_Minami_Gorozaimon_Johannes_Japon.Feldkirch.pdf Minami Gorozaimon Joannes nobilissimus Iapon a fide Christiana in idololatriam prolapsus, et ab hac denuo expeditus, gladio, eiusque filius Ludovicus cruci adiudicatus]'', Campitempli 1669. * '''CSRSE''': ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Congregatione_sacrorum_rituum_siue_emine/k5LH05G3KMQC?hl=it&gbpv=1 Congregatione sacrorum rituum siue eminentissimo, ac reuerendissimo d.card. Azzolino Iapponen. Canonizationis seu declarationis Martyrij Venerabilium Servorum Dei Fratr. Alphonsi Navarrette Ordinis Prædicatorum, Petri de Zuniga Ordinis Eremitarum S. Augustini, & Caroli Spinulæ Societatis Iesu...]'', Romae 1677. * '''SRCE''': ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Sac_rituum_congregatione_eminentissimo_r/SNS26RKBFtgC?hl=it&gbpv=1 Sac. rituum congregatione eminentissimo, & reuerendiss. domino card. Colloredo Iapponen. Beatificationis, & canonizationis, seu declarationis martyrij ven. seruorum Dei Alphonsi Nauarrettæ Ordinis Prædicatorum]'', Romae 1690. * '''RUP''': ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Respondent_ultima_primis_sive_Protasius/-S9JAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 Respondent ultima primis sive Protasius, Arimae regulus]'', Augustae Vindelicorum 1698. * '''TP''': Michaël a Sancta Catharina, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Trinum_perfectum_via_veritas_vita_seu_se/G5ZTVCtM-TgC?hl=it&gbpv=1 Trinum perfectum, via, veritas, vita, seu semita salutis tripartita docens, et ducens de via purgativa per veritatem illuminativam ad vitam unitivam]'', Augustae Vindelicorum 1710. * '''HSJ''': Iosephus Juvencius, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_societatis_Jesu_pars_VI_BSB_Cl/klRrlGOZ7L0C?hl=it&gbpv=1 Historiae societatis Jesu pars VI]'', 1710. ** '''HSJ2''': Iosephus Juvencius, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_Societatis_Jesu_pars_sexta/RmB_J2nrtv8C?hl=it&gbpv=1 Historiae Societatis Jesu pars sexta]'', Romae 1859. *'''MRAP''': Hermannus Conrigius, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Viri_quondam_illustris_Hermanni_Conringi/599KMb3jkXEC?hl=it&gbpv=1 Multorum regum ac principum consiliarii, Operum. Tomus IV]'', Brunsvigae 1730. *'''TLAD''': Antonius Claus, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Tragoediae_Ludis_Autumnalibus_Datae/LwhXAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 Tragoediae ludis autumnalibus datae]'', Augustae Vindelicorum 1741. *'''IVIDE''': ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ingeniosa_vindicta/h5REAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 Ingeniosa vindicta in dramate exhibita à suprema grammatica]'', Constantiae 1746. *'''HE''': ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Claudii_Fleurii_Abbatis_Historia_ecclesi/znS43wNTLOwC?hl=it&gbpv=1 Claudii Fleurii abbatis Historia Ecclesiastica]'', Tomus LX, Augustae Vindelicorum 1779 * '''AJP''': [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Analecta_juris_pontificii/i5wsAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 ''Analecta juris pontificii''], vol. III, Romae 1861. * '''AS''': ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Acta_sanctorum/S089AQAAMAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 Acta sanctorum. Ed. novissima]'', Tomus primus, Lutetiae 1863. * '''JB''': [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Japonen_beatificationis_seu_declarationi/VK5cAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 ''Japonen. beatificationis seu declarationis martyrii ac miraculorum vel signorum ven. servorum Dei Alphonsi Navarrete ... Petri de Avila ... Petri de Zuniga ... Caroli Spinulae ... Ioachimi Firayama seu Diaz, Luciae Fleites et sociorum''...], 1866. * '''PLD''': Bartholomaeus Pereira, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Paciecide/W98MAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 Paciecidos Libri Duodecim]'', Lutetiae 1887. * '''IHE''': [https://www.google.it/books/edition/R_P_Clari_Vascotti_Institutiones_histori/kP7EqsTRZMcC?hl=it&gbpv=1 ''R.P. Clari Vascotti Institutiones historiae ecclesiasticae novae foederis, tomus II''], Vindobonae 1888. * '''AOM''': ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Acta_Ordinis_Fratrum_Minorum/eTI2AQAAMAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 Acta Ordinis Minorum]'', Quaracchi 1889. * '''HEC''': Henricus Gulielmus Wouters, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_ecclesiasticae_compendium_prae/TFadBTWWukAC?hl=it&gbpv=1 Historiae ecclesiasticae compendium, praelectionibus publicis accommodatum et in tomos tres distributum]'', Tomus tertius, Lovanii 1894. * '''MB152''': Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, ''[https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Barb.or.152 Manuscriptus Barb.or.152]''. Transcriptiones apud textum Iaponicum ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C/aTtJAAAAMAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ioannes+Yasuyemon&pg=PP382&printsec=frontcover 史學雜誌]'', vol. 12, 1901. {{Ling|Iaponice}} * '''PCYC''': Asociacion de Hidalgos a Fuero de España, ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ponencias_Comunicaciones_Y_Conclusiones/PZ28Kxx4mHIC?hl=it&gbpv=1 Ponencias, Comunicaciones y Conclusiones del I Congreso Italo-español de Historia Municipal y de la V Asamblea de la Asociacion de Hidalgos]'', Matriti 1958. {{Ling|Hispanice|Italice}} * '''N''': Sacra Congregatio pro Sacramentis et Cultu Divino, Sectio pro Cultu Divino, ''[https://www.cultodivino.va/content/dam/cultodivino/rivista-notitiae/1980/notitiae-17-(1981)/Notitiae-177-1981.pdf Notitiae]'', n. 177, Civitatis Vaticanae 1981. {{NexInt}} * [[Index formarum Latinarum nominum Arabicorum Persicorumque]] * [[Index formarum Latinarum nominum Islandicorum]] == Nexus externi == *De nominibus Iaponicis beatorum 188 martyrum Iaponiae, vide [https://www.causesanti.va/it/santi-e-beati/188-martiri-giapponesi.html paginam eorum] apud situm interretiale [[Dicasterium de Causis Sanctorum|Dicasterii de Causis Sanctorum]]. {{Ling|Italice}} [[Categoria:Indices nominum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Iaponicae]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Iaponica|!]] e3eou2icfupt81g0sy5uml389z4ah1v 0 317811 3966819 3965719 2026-06-26T14:31:40Z Shiden 195398 3966819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Carolus Thaddeus Nawrocki''', vulgo plenius ''Karol Tadeusz Nawrocki'' ([[Gedanum|Gedani]] natus est die 3 Martii 1983), [[politicus]] [[historicus]]que [[Polonia]]e est. Quintus Instituti Nationalis Memoriae praeses fuit. A die 6 Augusti 2025 septimus [[Praeses Poloniae|praeses]] patriae. Eius pater, Ricardus (1949-2008), tornator, eius mater, Elisabeth (nata 1959), ligatrix librorum fuit. Carolus Nawrocki sororem habet, Ninam, quae pistor dulciarius est.<ref>[https://gdansk.gedanopedia.pl/gdansk/?title=NAWROCKI_KAROL_TADEUSZ,_prezydent_Polski Res.]</ref> == Vita propria == [[File:President_Donald_Trump_meets_with_and_poses_for_a_photo_with_Polish_presidential_candidate_Karol_Nawrocki_in_the_Oval_Office_(54491923778).jpg|thumb|right|[[Donaldus Trumpius]] et Carolus Nawrocki in [[Cancellaria Oblonga|Cancellariam Oblongam]] conveniunt, Kalendis Maiis anni 2025]] Ex die 22 Maii 2010 Carolus Nawrocki Marthae (nomen virginale Smoleń) maritus est. Habent filios Danielum et Antonium et filiam Catherinam. Carolus Nawrocki [[Catholicismus|catholicus]] est. Die 15 Novembrii 2013 gradum doctoris humanitatum adeptus est studiis nominatis "Resistentia Socialis contra Imperium Communistarum in Palatinatum Elbingum, 1976–1989 (Opór społeczny wobec władzy komunistycznej w województwie elbląskim (1976-1989)".<ref>https://bip.ug.edu.pl/st-tyt_nauk/33097/karol_tadeusz_nawrocki</ref> In prima computatione vocum die 18 Maii 2025 Nawrocki accepit 5 790 804 voces (29,54% omnium) obtinens secundam positionem. Eo ipso Nawrocki et Raphael Trzaskowski (31,36%) transivere in alteram computationem. Computatione altera die 1 Iunii 2025 praeses electus est accipiens 10 606 877 (50,89%). == Praeses Reipublicae Polonae == Die 6 Augusti 2025 iusiurandum dedit ante Conventum Nationalem in Seimo et summum imperium Exercitus Reipublicae Polonae accepit.<ref>https://tvn24.pl/polska/karol-nawrocki-prezydentem-kiedy-obejmie-urzad-ile-trwa-kadencja-oto-najwazniejsze-terminy-st8492131</ref> Die 3 Sempembrii 2025, Carolus Nawrocki a [[Donaldus Trumpius|Donaldo Trumpio]] accipitur. Die 5 Sempembrii 2025, Carolus Nawrocki papam [[Leo_XIV|Leonem XIV]] visitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Praesides Poloniae}} {{CommuniaCat|Karol Nawrocki|Carolum Nawrocki}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1983||Nawrocki, Carolus}} [[Categoria:Duces civitatum]] [[Categoria:Historici Poloniae]] [[Categoria:Politici Poloniae]] ai89qj9uz8vilflt1waun9z875fo3ob 3966838 3966819 2026-06-26T15:19:08Z Shiden 195398 3966838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Carolus Thaddeus Nawrocki''', vulgo plenius ''Karol Tadeusz Nawrocki'' ([[Gedanum|Gedani]] natus est die 3 Martii 1983), [[politicus]] [[historicus]]que [[Polonia]]e est. Quintus Instituti Nationalis Memoriae praeses fuit. A die 6 Augusti 2025 septimus [[Praeses Poloniae|praeses]] patriae. Eius pater, Ricardus (1949-2008), tornator, eius mater, Elisabeth (nata 1959), ligatrix librorum fuit. Carolus Nawrocki sororem habet, Ninam, quae pistor dulciarius est.<ref>[https://gdansk.gedanopedia.pl/gdansk/?title=NAWROCKI_KAROL_TADEUSZ,_prezydent_Polski Res.]</ref> == Vita propria == [[File:President_Donald_Trump_meets_with_and_poses_for_a_photo_with_Polish_presidential_candidate_Karol_Nawrocki_in_the_Oval_Office_(54491923778).jpg|thumb|right|[[Donaldus Trumpius]] et Carolus Nawrocki in [[Cancellaria Oblonga|Cancellariam Oblongam]] conveniunt, Kalendis Maiis anni 2025]] Ex die 22 Maii 2010 Carolus Nawrocki Marthae (nomen virginale Smoleń) maritus est. Habent filios Danielum et Antonium et filiam Catherinam. Carolus Nawrocki [[Catholicismus|catholicus]] est. Die 15 Novembrii 2013 gradum doctoris humanitatum adeptus est studiis nominatis "Resistentia Socialis contra Imperium Communistarum in Palatinatum Elbingum, 1976–1989 (Opór społeczny wobec władzy komunistycznej w województwie elbląskim (1976-1989)".<ref>https://bip.ug.edu.pl/st-tyt_nauk/33097/karol_tadeusz_nawrocki</ref> In prima computatione vocum die 18 Maii 2025 Nawrocki accepit 5 790 804 voces (29,54% omnium) obtinens secundam positionem. Eo ipso Nawrocki et Raphael Trzaskowski (31,36%) transivere in alteram computationem. Computatione altera die 1 Iunii 2025 praeses electus est accipiens 10 606 877 (50,89%). == Praeses Reipublicae Polonae == Die 6 Augusti 2025 iusiurandum dedit ante Conventum Nationalem in Seimo et summum imperium Exercitus Reipublicae Polonae accepit.<ref>https://tvn24.pl/polska/karol-nawrocki-prezydentem-kiedy-obejmie-urzad-ile-trwa-kadencja-oto-najwazniejsze-terminy-st8492131</ref> Die 3 Sempembrii 2025, Carolus Nawrocki a [[Donaldus Trumpius|Donaldo Trumpio]] accipitur. Die 5 Sempembrii 2025, Carolus Nawrocki papam [[Leo_XIV|Leonem XIV]] visitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Karol Nawrocki|Carolum Nawrocki}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{Praesides Poloniae}} {{Lifetime|1983||Nawrocki, Carolus}} [[Categoria:Duces civitatum]] [[Categoria:Historici Poloniae]] [[Categoria:Politici Poloniae]] 0ajg7q4njdmr8pbecnxz4l91mz3n4sl 10 320378 3966952 3951246 2026-06-27T01:13:38Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3966952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Substitutio quae suam transclusionem protrahit|...}} {{Formula transitoria}} Numero in tertium argumentum posito ({{para|3}}), haec [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutio]] legit per quantas recensiones quidam vicitextus ({{para|1}}) exhibendus sit et totiens eum ostendit. Nam quotienscumque recensio divulgatur, totiens talis numerus una unitate deminuitur, donec, zero facto, substitutio de pagina detrahitur. Si secundum argumentum datur, quum omnes recensiones exhaurientur ipsum substituetur perenne in locum primi argumenti. Si tamen quartum argumentum non est vacuum, mechanema morabitur donec argumentum denuo a Vicipaediano fiet vacuum. == De usu == ; Syntaxis : <code>&#123;&#123;'''subst:totiens caduca deinde perennia'''&#124;''&#91;Vicitextus caducus&#93;''&#124;''&#91;Vicitextus perennis&#93;''&#124;''&#91;Quotiens caducus sit ostendendus&#93;''&#124;''&#91;Mora&#93;''&#125;&#125;</code> {{vsep}} Tertium argumentum omissum idem est ac {{para|3|1}}. Exempla: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres}} *:: ↳ (vicitextus in paginā divulgatus) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres||0}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres||0}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ *:: ↳ (vicitextus in paginā divulgatus) [nihil] * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres||17}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres||17}} *:: ↳ (vicitextus in paginā divulgatus) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres||16}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres|Aliud|17|abcd}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres|Aliud|17|abcd}} *:: ↳ (vicitextus in paginā divulgatus) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres|Aliud|17|abcd}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres|Aliud|0}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ Aliud *:: ↳ (vicitextus in paginā divulgatus) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>Aliud</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres|Aliud}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres|Aliud}} *:: ↳ (vicitextus in paginā divulgatus) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres|Aliud|0}}</syntaxhighlight> == De argumentis == <templatedata>{ "description": "Haec substitutio legit per quantas recensiones quidam vicitextus (|1=) exhibendus sit et totiens eum ostendit.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Vicitextus caducus", "description": "Vicitextus totiens ostendendus quotiens argumentum ‘|3=’ statuit", "type": "content", "required": false, "example": "Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres" }, "2": { "label": "Vicitextus perennis", "description": "Vicitextus relictus postquam numerus recensionum (‘|3=’) exhaustus erit", "type": "content", "required": false, "example": "Aliud" }, "3": { "label": "Quotiens", "description": "Quotiens vicitextus caducus sit ostendendus", "type": "number", "required": false, "example": "17" }, "4": { "label": "Mora", "description": "Usque dum hoc argumentum non est vacuum, tertium argumentum non deminuitur", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "mora" } } }</templatedata> == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[:Categoria:Formulae condicionales]] * {{Fn|Caduca deinde perennia}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae condicionales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Metaformulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> gl23ia2xf1rk2qlr2s817gdd7dtr8si 3966953 3966952 2026-06-27T01:17:18Z Grufo 64423 /* De usu */ 3966953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Substitutio quae suam transclusionem protrahit|...}} {{Formula transitoria}} Numero in tertium argumentum posito ({{para|3}}), haec [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutio]] legit per quantas recensiones quidam vicitextus ({{para|1}}) exhibendus sit et totiens eum ostendit. Nam quotienscumque recensio divulgatur, totiens talis numerus una unitate deminuitur, donec, zero facto, substitutio de pagina detrahitur. Si secundum argumentum datur, quum omnes recensiones exhaurientur ipsum substituetur perenne in locum primi argumenti. Si tamen quartum argumentum non est vacuum, mechanema morabitur donec argumentum denuo a Vicipaediano fiet vacuum. == De usu == ; Syntaxis : <code>&#123;&#123;'''subst:totiens caduca deinde perennia'''&#124;''&#91;Vicitextus caducus&#93;''&#124;''&#91;Vicitextus perennis&#93;''&#124;''&#91;Quotiens textus caducus sit ostendendus&#93;''&#124;''&#91;Mora&#93;''&#125;&#125;</code> {{vsep}} Tertium argumentum omissum idem est ac {{para|3|1}}. Exempla: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres}} *:: ↳ (vicitextus in paginā divulgatus) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres||0}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres||0}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ *:: ↳ (vicitextus in paginā divulgatus) [nihil] * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres||17}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres||17}} *:: ↳ (vicitextus in paginā divulgatus) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres||16}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres|Aliud|17|abcd}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres|Aliud|17|abcd}} *:: ↳ (vicitextus in paginā divulgatus) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres|Aliud|17|abcd}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres|Aliud|0}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ Aliud *:: ↳ (vicitextus in paginā divulgatus) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>Aliud</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres|Aliud}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres|Aliud}} *:: ↳ (vicitextus in paginā divulgatus) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:totiens caduca deinde perennia|Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres|Aliud|0}}</syntaxhighlight> == De argumentis == <templatedata>{ "description": "Haec substitutio legit per quantas recensiones quidam vicitextus (|1=) exhibendus sit et totiens eum ostendit.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Vicitextus caducus", "description": "Vicitextus totiens ostendendus quotiens argumentum ‘|3=’ statuit", "type": "content", "required": false, "example": "Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres" }, "2": { "label": "Vicitextus perennis", "description": "Vicitextus relictus postquam numerus recensionum (‘|3=’) exhaustus erit", "type": "content", "required": false, "example": "Aliud" }, "3": { "label": "Quotiens", "description": "Quotiens vicitextus caducus sit ostendendus", "type": "number", "required": false, "example": "17" }, "4": { "label": "Mora", "description": "Usque dum hoc argumentum non est vacuum, tertium argumentum non deminuitur", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "mora" } } }</templatedata> == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[:Categoria:Formulae condicionales]] * {{Fn|Caduca deinde perennia}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae condicionales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Metaformulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> tk8n2yt7ebpkvpie660babjfbzivzgr 14 320958 3966950 3951235 2026-06-27T01:12:41Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3966950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Categoria formularum | Substitutio quae suam transclusionem protrahit | descriptio = Formulae hic numeratae sunt [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutiones]] speciales quae quotienscumque substituuntur totiens se ipsas denuo transcludunt mutatas. }} {{Videantur etiam|Auxilium:Substitutio|Categoria:Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant}} [[Categoria:Formulae|quae suas transclusiones mutant substitutionem protrahendo]] 2ut7mf6180lax06iohycw8e6iwkpdyz 10 321239 3966951 3951250 2026-06-27T01:13:12Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3966951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis|proprietas=distributa}} {{Substitutio quae suam transclusionem protrahit|...}} [[Auxilium:Substitutio|Substitutiones]] {{Fsn|abacus++}} et {{Fsn|++abacus}} quendam numerum totiens augent aut deminuunt quotienscumque pagina divulgatur. == De usu == === De substitutione {{[[Template:abacus++|subst:abacus++]]}} === {{Compendia substitutionis|abacus}} ; Syntaxis : <code>&#123;&#123;'''subst:abacus++'''&#124;''&#91;numerus labens&#93;''&#124;''&#91;gradus incrementi&#93;''&#125;&#125;</code> {{Vsep}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:abacus++}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{abacus++|1}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:abacus++|1}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:abacus++|0}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{abacus++|1}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:abacus++|1}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:abacus++|13}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{abacus++|14}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:abacus++|14}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:abacus++|13|5}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{abacus++|18|5}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:abacus++|18|5}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:abacus++|13|-2}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{abacus++|11|-2}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:abacus++|11|-2}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{nihil|{{subst:abacus++|26}}}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{nihil|{{abacus++|27}}}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{nihil|{{safesubst:abacus++|27}}}}</syntaxhighlight> === De substitutione {{[[Template:++abacus|subst:++abacus]]}} === ; Syntaxis : <code>&#123;&#123;'''subst:++abacus'''&#124;''&#91;numerus labens&#93;''&#124;''&#91;gradus incrementi&#93;''&#125;&#125;</code> {{Vsep}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:++abacus}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{++abacus|1}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:++abacus|1}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:++abacus|0}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{++abacus|1}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:++abacus|1}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:++abacus|13}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{++abacus|14}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:++abacus|14}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:++abacus|13|5}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{++abacus|18|5}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:++abacus|18|5}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:++abacus|13|-2}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{++abacus|11|-2}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:++abacus|11|-2}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{nihil|{{subst:++abacus|26}}}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{nihil|{{++abacus|27}}}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{nihil|{{safesubst:++abacus|27}}}}</syntaxhighlight> == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[:Categoria:Substitutiones quae suas transclusiones protrahunt]] * {{Fn|Caduca deinde perennia}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae mathematicae|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 8z5fy3ki9y6e2w582r4ukbz6uk21vu4 10 321250 3966949 3957697 2026-06-27T01:11:48Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3966949 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{<noinclude />{<noinclude />safesubst:Index paginarum quotidianarum {{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}##{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}<!-- ###################################################################### SCRIBE NOVAS PAGINAS HIC INFRA Omnes paginae a te promotae *semper summae parti indicis* addendae sunt (etiam quum commentationes antiquissimas inseras). Si plures paginas addis, tibi suademus ut recentiores earum ante vetustiores disponas (ordo tamen haud stricte tibi servandus est). SYNTAXIS: Pagina // Descriptio // Imago NOTA BENE: Paginae iam promotae non sunt delendae! Tantummodo adde paginas novas hic subter, *nihil ex indice detrahens*. NOTA BENE: Si currentem ordinem mutare vis, a te petimus ut recensionem vacuam primum divulges. ############################################################ -->{{safesubst:<noinclude />!}} promovendae {{safesubst:<noinclude />=}} {{{promovendae}}} {{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}?#{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}<!-- ###################################################################### NOLI HIC SUBTER SCRIBERE! Partes hic subter *non sunt* manu recensendae. Quotienscumque hanc paginam divulgabitur, nostrum mechanema ordinem sponte dabit. ########################################################################### -->{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params| all_sorted| with_name_matching|^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d$| setting|h/i/p/fn| {{safesubst:<noinclude />!}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />!}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />=}} | | list }}{{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}tabularium{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}{<noinclude />{<noinclude />safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params{{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}self<noinclude />}<noinclude />}<noinclude />{{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}labens{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}{{safesubst:<noinclude />#time:Ymd|now|la}}{{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}longevitas{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params|new| pulling|promovendae| reinterpreting|promovendae|trim_all|splitter_string| |setter_string|| with_value_not_matching||strict| count }}{{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}1{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}{<noinclude />{<noinclude />{<noinclude />1{{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}<noinclude />}<noinclude />}<noinclude />}<noinclude />}<noinclude />}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio|contenta={{Formula machinaria}}}}</noinclude> 0esjdfr926sxu1u90royhf886kmplpy 0 324368 3966959 3957262 2026-06-27T04:05:43Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3966959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Dum iuventus floruit}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXX reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 29-32 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo3.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Dum iuventus floruit, licuit et libuit facere, quod placuit, iuxta voluntatem currere, peragere carnis voluptatem. Amodo sic agere, vivere tam libere, talem vitam ducere viri vetat etas, perimit et eximit leges assuetas. Etas illa monuit, docuit, consuluit, sic et etas annuit: «nichil est exclusum!» omnia cum venia contulit ad usum. Volo resipiscere, linquere, corrigere, quod commisi temere; deinceps intendam seriis, pro vitiis virtutes rependam.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, cuius auctor [[Petrus Blesensis]] esse videtur, [[poëta]] de transitu a facilitate iuventutis ad severitatem maturitatis vel senectutis meditatur. Initio carminis, memoria tempus praeteritum revocatur, cum [[iuventus]] “floruit” et omnia vitia seu voluptates carnis non solum libebant, sed etiam secundum leges aetatis licebant. Haec aetas iuvenilis inducitur qualis magistra quae “nihil exclusum” esse docebat, omnia ad usum et delectationem libere concedens.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> Argumentum deinde ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tempus praesens||en|qid=Q193168}} vertitur, ubi status virilis pristinam vivendi licentiam non iam permittit. “Viri aetas” eam libertatem vetat qua antea fruebatur, veteres consuetudines legesque iuventutis perimens. Carmen igitur morale est de necessitate mutationis vitae, ubi impulsus carnis sub iugo rationis et aetatis gravioris cadere debent.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> In ultima parte, auctor propositum suum explicat: “resipiscere” cupit, id est ad sanam mentem redire, et ea quae temere commisit corrigere. Haec conversio morum non est tantum negatio praeteriti, sed activa commutatio, qua poëta vitiis virtutes rependere vult, deinceps rebus seriis et honestis intendens. Carmen sic conclusionem [[ethica]]m praebet, typicam litteris paraeneticis medii aevi.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen, inter annos [[1170]] et [[1180]] compositum, plerumque Petro Blesensi attribuitur. In textu auctor de moribus disputat, praesertim de necessitate qua vir aetate provectus sese ad virtutes [[religio Christiana|Christianas]] colendas conferre debet. Argumentum igitur in eo vertitur, ut homo delicias mundanas lusingasque terrenas, quibus iuventus studere solet, posthabeat atque ad vitam spiritualem se convertat. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 243</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] bmgzewf8roxr9o6xnsxmiulyb7k3g5w 3966995 3966959 2026-06-27T11:21:02Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Investigatio critica */ 3966995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Dum iuventus floruit}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXX reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 29-32 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo3.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Dum iuventus floruit, licuit et libuit facere, quod placuit, iuxta voluntatem currere, peragere carnis voluptatem. Amodo sic agere, vivere tam libere, talem vitam ducere viri vetat etas, perimit et eximit leges assuetas. Etas illa monuit, docuit, consuluit, sic et etas annuit: «nichil est exclusum!» omnia cum venia contulit ad usum. Volo resipiscere, linquere, corrigere, quod commisi temere; deinceps intendam seriis, pro vitiis virtutes rependam.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, cuius auctor [[Petrus Blesensis]] esse videtur, [[poëta]] de transitu a facilitate iuventutis ad severitatem maturitatis vel senectutis meditatur. Initio carminis, memoria tempus praeteritum revocatur, cum [[iuventus]] “floruit” et omnia vitia seu voluptates carnis non solum libebant, sed etiam secundum leges aetatis licebant. Haec aetas iuvenilis inducitur qualis magistra quae “nihil exclusum” esse docebat, omnia ad usum et delectationem libere concedens.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> Argumentum deinde ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tempus praesens||en|qid=Q193168}} vertitur, ubi status virilis pristinam vivendi licentiam non iam permittit. “Viri aetas” eam libertatem vetat qua antea fruebatur, veteres consuetudines legesque iuventutis perimens. Carmen igitur morale est de necessitate mutationis vitae, ubi impulsus carnis sub iugo rationis et aetatis gravioris cadere debent.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> In ultima parte, auctor propositum suum explicat: “resipiscere” cupit, id est ad sanam mentem redire, et ea quae temere commisit corrigere. Haec conversio morum non est tantum negatio praeteriti, sed activa commutatio, qua poëta vitiis virtutes rependere vult, deinceps rebus seriis et honestis intendens. Carmen sic conclusionem [[ethica]]m praebet, typicam litteris paraeneticis medii aevi.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen, inter annos [[1170]] et [[1180]] compositum, plerumque Petro Blesensi attribuitur. In textu auctor de moribus disputat, praesertim de necessitate qua vir aetate provectus sese ad virtutes [[religio Christiana|Christianas]] colendas conferre debet. Argumentum igitur in eo vertitur, ut homo delicias mundanas lusingasque{{dubsig}} terrenas, quibus iuventus studere solet, posthabeat atque ad vitam [[Spiritualitas|spiritualem]] se convertat. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 243</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] lprz7e1xe8m6onvi2kqieeh68jjve4h 3966996 3966995 2026-06-27T11:24:00Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Bibliographia */ 3966996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Dum iuventus floruit}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXX reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 29-32 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo3.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Dum iuventus floruit, licuit et libuit facere, quod placuit, iuxta voluntatem currere, peragere carnis voluptatem. Amodo sic agere, vivere tam libere, talem vitam ducere viri vetat etas, perimit et eximit leges assuetas. Etas illa monuit, docuit, consuluit, sic et etas annuit: «nichil est exclusum!» omnia cum venia contulit ad usum. Volo resipiscere, linquere, corrigere, quod commisi temere; deinceps intendam seriis, pro vitiis virtutes rependam.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, cuius auctor [[Petrus Blesensis]] esse videtur, [[poëta]] de transitu a facilitate iuventutis ad severitatem maturitatis vel senectutis meditatur. Initio carminis, memoria tempus praeteritum revocatur, cum [[iuventus]] “floruit” et omnia vitia seu voluptates carnis non solum libebant, sed etiam secundum leges aetatis licebant. Haec aetas iuvenilis inducitur qualis magistra quae “nihil exclusum” esse docebat, omnia ad usum et delectationem libere concedens.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> Argumentum deinde ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tempus praesens||en|qid=Q193168}} vertitur, ubi status virilis pristinam vivendi licentiam non iam permittit. “Viri aetas” eam libertatem vetat qua antea fruebatur, veteres consuetudines legesque iuventutis perimens. Carmen igitur morale est de necessitate mutationis vitae, ubi impulsus carnis sub iugo rationis et aetatis gravioris cadere debent.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> In ultima parte, auctor propositum suum explicat: “resipiscere” cupit, id est ad sanam mentem redire, et ea quae temere commisit corrigere. Haec conversio morum non est tantum negatio praeteriti, sed activa commutatio, qua poëta vitiis virtutes rependere vult, deinceps rebus seriis et honestis intendens. Carmen sic conclusionem [[ethica]]m praebet, typicam litteris paraeneticis medii aevi.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen, inter annos [[1170]] et [[1180]] compositum, plerumque Petro Blesensi attribuitur. In textu auctor de moribus disputat, praesertim de necessitate qua vir aetate provectus sese ad virtutes [[religio Christiana|Christianas]] colendas conferre debet. Argumentum igitur in eo vertitur, ut homo delicias mundanas lusingasque{{dubsig}} terrenas, quibus iuventus studere solet, posthabeat atque ad vitam [[Spiritualitas|spiritualem]] se convertat. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 243</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} == Nexus externi == *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PL80FJ2POO4 Carmen audiendum] {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 2qzkil3wfpbalmt81xgci4maexiktf2 0 325341 3966960 3962734 2026-06-27T04:43:03Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Pagina autotranslata|Pagina autotranslata]]}} 3966960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata|fons=[[:en:Fundatio OpenStreetMap]]—conferantur [https://en-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OpenStreetMap_Foundation?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=la pagina Anglica ''Google'' translata]] et [[Special:PermanentLink/3962734|forma labens paginae]]|tempus=20260627044303}} {{Pagina non annexa}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Fundatio OpenStreetMap''' (abbreviata '''OSMF''') est [[organizatio]] non lucrativa cuius propositum est progressionem notitiarum geospatialium libere iterum adhibendarum sustinere et permittere. Anno [[2006]] condita, arcte cum incepto OpenStreetMap coniungitur, quamquam eius constitutio non impedit quominus alia incepta sustineat. ==Historia== Fundatio OpenStreetMap in [[Anglia]] et [[Cambria]] die 22 mensis Augusti anni 2006 ut societas cautione limitata registrata est. Anno 2007, primam conferentiam de Statu Tabulae Geographicae [[Mancunium|Mancunii]] habuit. Mense Octobri anni 2009, fundatio nuntiavit socios suos, non omnes contributores OpenStreetMap, suffragaturos esse de mutanda licentia datorum OpenStreetMap ex Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike ad Open Database License.<ref name="Bégin">{{Cite journal|title=Contributors' enrollment in collaborative online communities: the case of OpenStreetMap|first1=Daniel|last1=Bégin|first2=Rodolphe|last2=Devillers|first3=Stéphane|last3=Roche|journal=[[International Journal of Geographical Information Science]]|publisher=Taylor & Francis|volume=32|issue=8|date=2018|pages=1611–1630|doi=10.1080/10095020.2017.1370177}}</ref> Anno 2014, fundatio sodales societatum in categoria "socii consociati" (sine suffragio) accipere coepit. Sodales societatum initiales fuerunt Geofabrik, Geotab, Naver, NextGIS, et Mapbox.<ref>https://blog.openstreetmap.org/2014/07/20/welcome-corporate-members/</ref><ref>https://nextgis.com/blog/osm-foundation/</ref> Anno 2017, fundatio sponsoribus societatum cuiusdam gradus locum in consilio consultorio dare coepit.<ref>https://venturebeat.com/ai/openstreetmap-invites-companies-to-pay-up-to-20000-a-year-to-support-the-wikipedia-for-maps</ref> Anno 2018, GlobalLogic in conatu coordinato ad operarios ut sodales individuales inscribendos implicata est.{{Citatio desiderata}} Programma sodalitatis contribuentium activorum mense Augusto anni 2020 introductum est. Secundum hoc, contributores activi OpenStreetMap per editionem (saltem 42 dies activos in ultimo periodo unius anni) vel actiones extra interrete sodalitatem gratuitam petere possunt. Ius suffragii habebunt ad sodales consilii eligendos.{{Citatio desiderata}} Iunio mense anni 2021, fundatio declaravit effectus Brexit se impulisse ut reditum in Unionem Europaeam considerarent propter problemata cum iuribus datorum, difficultates in statu caritatis pro fundatione obtinendo, et crescente difficultate utendi PayPal et argentaria in Regno Unito. Fundatio locum novae sedis suae nondum nuntiavit. Mense Februario anni 2024, candidati ad migrationem sunt [[Belgica]] et [[Luxemburgum]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/jun/30/openstreetmap-looks-to-relocate-to-eu-due-to-brexit-limitations</ref> Ante finem anni 2022, fundatio 18 sodalitates locales toto orbe terrarum, inter quas OSM Austria, agnoverat, incrementum regionale et participationem communitatis adiuvans.{{Citatio desiderata}} {{Notae|30em}} [[Categoria:OpenStreetMap]] 2asacyf1yku6koiu4jjwwhplc9tzus0 3966961 3966960 2026-06-27T04:43:19Z Grufo 64423 3966961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata|fons=[[:en:Fundatio OpenStreetMap]]—conferantur [https://en-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OpenStreetMap_Foundation?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=la pagina Anglica ''Google'' translata] et [[Special:PermanentLink/3962734|forma labens paginae]]|tempus=20260627044303}} {{Pagina non annexa}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Fundatio OpenStreetMap''' (abbreviata '''OSMF''') est [[organizatio]] non lucrativa cuius propositum est progressionem notitiarum geospatialium libere iterum adhibendarum sustinere et permittere. Anno [[2006]] condita, arcte cum incepto OpenStreetMap coniungitur, quamquam eius constitutio non impedit quominus alia incepta sustineat. ==Historia== Fundatio OpenStreetMap in [[Anglia]] et [[Cambria]] die 22 mensis Augusti anni 2006 ut societas cautione limitata registrata est. Anno 2007, primam conferentiam de Statu Tabulae Geographicae [[Mancunium|Mancunii]] habuit. Mense Octobri anni 2009, fundatio nuntiavit socios suos, non omnes contributores OpenStreetMap, suffragaturos esse de mutanda licentia datorum OpenStreetMap ex Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike ad Open Database License.<ref name="Bégin">{{Cite journal|title=Contributors' enrollment in collaborative online communities: the case of OpenStreetMap|first1=Daniel|last1=Bégin|first2=Rodolphe|last2=Devillers|first3=Stéphane|last3=Roche|journal=[[International Journal of Geographical Information Science]]|publisher=Taylor & Francis|volume=32|issue=8|date=2018|pages=1611–1630|doi=10.1080/10095020.2017.1370177}}</ref> Anno 2014, fundatio sodales societatum in categoria "socii consociati" (sine suffragio) accipere coepit. Sodales societatum initiales fuerunt Geofabrik, Geotab, Naver, NextGIS, et Mapbox.<ref>https://blog.openstreetmap.org/2014/07/20/welcome-corporate-members/</ref><ref>https://nextgis.com/blog/osm-foundation/</ref> Anno 2017, fundatio sponsoribus societatum cuiusdam gradus locum in consilio consultorio dare coepit.<ref>https://venturebeat.com/ai/openstreetmap-invites-companies-to-pay-up-to-20000-a-year-to-support-the-wikipedia-for-maps</ref> Anno 2018, GlobalLogic in conatu coordinato ad operarios ut sodales individuales inscribendos implicata est.{{Citatio desiderata}} Programma sodalitatis contribuentium activorum mense Augusto anni 2020 introductum est. Secundum hoc, contributores activi OpenStreetMap per editionem (saltem 42 dies activos in ultimo periodo unius anni) vel actiones extra interrete sodalitatem gratuitam petere possunt. Ius suffragii habebunt ad sodales consilii eligendos.{{Citatio desiderata}} Iunio mense anni 2021, fundatio declaravit effectus Brexit se impulisse ut reditum in Unionem Europaeam considerarent propter problemata cum iuribus datorum, difficultates in statu caritatis pro fundatione obtinendo, et crescente difficultate utendi PayPal et argentaria in Regno Unito. Fundatio locum novae sedis suae nondum nuntiavit. Mense Februario anni 2024, candidati ad migrationem sunt [[Belgica]] et [[Luxemburgum]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/jun/30/openstreetmap-looks-to-relocate-to-eu-due-to-brexit-limitations</ref> Ante finem anni 2022, fundatio 18 sodalitates locales toto orbe terrarum, inter quas OSM Austria, agnoverat, incrementum regionale et participationem communitatis adiuvans.{{Citatio desiderata}} {{Notae|30em}} [[Categoria:OpenStreetMap]] ra5ioyxha3io5khc8ssu94om0a1ehp4 0 325401 3966962 3963037 2026-06-27T04:46:05Z Grufo 64423 Minima 3966962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|Matthias Sagmeister}} (natus die [[19 Ianuarii]] [[1930]] Lessach in [[salisburgum (provincia)|provincia Salisburgensi]], mortuus die [[18 Septembris]] [[2022]]) fuit [[austria|Austriacus]] sacerdos catholicus<ref>[https://res.icar-us.eu/index.php/Sagmeister,_Matthias_(1930-2022) Sagmeister apud ''Regesta Ecclesiastica Salisburgensia'']</ref> necnon theologicorum magister. Anno 1955 venit [[Salafelda]]m ut parocho succurreret. Pater eius Michael Sagmeister annis inter 1934 et 1938 senator in curia provinciae Salisburgensis fuit.<ref>[https://www.salzburg.gv.at/fileadmin/Dateien/Politik/Landtag/Abgeordnete_1918-1938.pdf "Abgeordnete zum Salzburger Landtag 1918-1938"] - apud: ''salzburg.gv.at,'' p. 9 (PDF)</ref> ==Vita== Natus est in praedio rustico ''Lenzbauer''<ref>[https://www.urlaubambauernhof.at/de/hoefe/lenzbauer-lessach periegetica praesentatio praedii] - apud: ''urlaubambauernhof.at''</ref> et octo fratres sororesque habuit. Postquam examen maturitatis in Collegio Borromaeo [[salisburgum|Salisburgensi]] sustinuit, seminarium clericorum eiusdem urbis intravit ad studia philosophiae theologiaeque. Ordinatio sacerdotalis die 10 Iulii 1955 facta est in ipsa [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Salisburgensis|Ecclesia cathedrali]]. Ex autumno anni 1955 capellanus Salafeldae operam dedit, in principio praesertim in cura pastorali iuvenum. Mense Novembris anni 2015 in loco natali suo sexagesimum anniversarium ordinationis sacerdotalis celebravit una cum Raimundo Sagmeister (qui docens universitarius rude donatus; ille econtra iubilaeum quadragesimum habuit). Matthias Sagmeister variis honoribus ecclesiasticis et saecularibus affectus est. Sepulcrum eius in coemeterio Salafeldensi invenitur. ====Sagmeister artifex==== In vico natali annis 1950 regens gregis cantorum parvi fuit, qui optimus inter pusillos totius Austriae choros ecclesiasticos haberetur.<ref>https://www.lessach.at/Kirchenchor_Lessach_11</ref><ref>[https://www.chorverbandsalzburg.at/ueber-uns/mitglieds-choere/detail?tx_svkteam_memberlist%5Baction%5D=single&tx_svkteam_memberlist%5Bcontroller%5D=Member&tx_svkteam_memberlist%5Bmember%5D=fe6e6144f0ee61bd9af2bd6dec8b3cc7&cHash=e21c8bf188f82ad825d1d8f5cf969072 Foederis choralis Salisburgensis membra]</ref> Salafeldae iam duobus annis post, anno 1958, chorum ''Singkreis Saalfelden'' instituit.<ref>Quae turba anno 2016 extincta est, ut turba nova ''Aperto'' sectura esset. Notationis libellos diu Sagmeister et Lina Oberreiter conficere soliti erant.</ref> Ab anno 1956 etiam religiosorum doctor creatus est a novo gymnasio Salafeldensi necnon curator animarum in finitimo hospitio scholastico degentium. Quo munere functus est usque annum 1990, cum otium cum dignitate accepit. Semper apertus erat novitatibus theologicis et liturgicis et musicae sacrae, dummodo dignitas ne minueretur. Magnus eius amor musicae sacrae etiam in eo apparuit, quod suffragatus est consiliis instaurandorum [[organum (instrumentum musicum)|organorum]] emendatorum in oratoriis Gerlingen (tribus quidam Salafeldensis) et Lessach necnon in [[Ecclesia parochialis Salafeldensis|fano decanorum Salafeldensium]] ipso. Demonstrationi tibiarum novarum resonantium ipse interfuit. Ut Godofredus Plohovich, magister et musicographus, ita Sagmeister per plura decennia vitam culturalem Salafeldensem valde ditavit; moderator erat duorum chororum Salafeldae. Annis inter 1993 et 2008 praeterea exercuit gregem cantorum minorem, nomine ''Liturgischer Consort''.<ref>[http://www.consort-saalfelden.at/ paginae domesticae ''consort-saalfelden.at'']</ref> Alius grex ab eo peculiariter curatus ''Consortium Ambisonticum'' nuncupatus est. ==Honores et praemia== *Michael-Haydn-Becher (pro meritis in musica ecclesiastica; dedit Archiepiscopatus Salisburgensis) * Ehrenzeichen in Gold (dedit municipium Salafeldense) * Verdienstzeichen in Gold (dedit chororum unitas ''Chorverband Salzburg'')<ref>Annemarie Klappacher: [https://www.pfarre-saalfelden.at/fileadmin/user_upload/subportale/Pfarre_Saalfelden/PDFs/Pfarrbrief/002_Pfarrbrief_Maerz_2020.pdf "90. Geburtstag von Prof. Matthias Sagmeister"] - apud: litteras parochiales ''Pfarrbrief Saalfelden,'' mensis Martii 2020, p. 9</ref> ==Nexus externi== * [https://www.sn.at/salzburg/chronik/trauer-um-matthias-sagmeister-128104444 "Trauer um Matthias Sagmeister"] - apud: ''Salzburger Nachrichten,'' 8 Octobris 2022 (editio regionis Tamsweg) *[https://wiki.sn.at/wiki/Matthias_Sagmeister "Matthias Sagmeister"] - apud: ''SalzburgWiki'' *Christoph Aglassinger: [https://www.zeitzeugen-saalfelden.at/film/8 "Knabenchor und Singkreis und noch viel mehr Gesang"] - colloqium percontaticum cum puero cantore, 2017, apud: ''zeitzeugen-saalfelden.at'' (inde a min. 3:10 res de domino Sagmeister) *[https://www.gymnasium-saalfelden.at/aktuelles/2022/09/unsere-schulgemeinschaft-trauert-um-unseren-ehemaligen-kollegen-matthias-sagmeister "Unsere Schulgemeinschaft trauert um unseren ehemaligen Kollegen Matthias Sagmeister"] - gymnasiarchorum nuntius funebris, die 21 Septembris 2022 (cum photographia) *[https://www.marterl.at/suche/detail-1?oid=1944&cHash=f14a5a58fce5a8447fd13ffbd40763fb Sagmeister cum studio in artificiis religiosis] - apud: ''marterl.at'' ==Notae== <references/> {{lifetime|1930|2022|Sagmeister, Matthias}} [[categoria:Musici Austriae]] [[categoria:Presbyteri catholici]] [[categoria:Salafelda]] [[categoria:Magistri]] [[categoria:Nati 1930]] [[categoria:Mortui 2022]] [[categoria:Maecenates]] [[categoria:Organistae]] mgena70c1rlpx8fcjyu68g39b3p903c 0 325470 3966963 3963819 2026-06-27T04:55:25Z Grufo 64423 Ubi potui correxi 3966963 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Smalltalk_Balloon.svg|thumb|upright|[[Logotypus]].]] {{res|Smalltalk}} est [[Lingua programmationis]] [[pProgrammatio ad res directa|ad res directa]], quae primum [[decennium 198|decennio 198]] ad usum [[paedagogia|paedagogicum]] parata est, sed postea in [[commercium|rebus mercatoriis]] locum invenit. Ab [[Alanus Kay|Alano Kay]] apud Xerox PARC opera dans condita est. In Smalltalk, [[Programma computatrale|programmata]] ex obiectis opacis et atomicis construuntur, quae sunt exempla instantiarum in classibus reposita. Haec obiecta per transmissionem nuntiorum in ambitu machinae virtualis inter se communicant. Parvus numerus obiectorum, quae primitiva appellantur, dum currunt redefiniri non possunt, quare interdum extra ambitum Smalltalk ipsum definiuntur. == Salve munde! == <syntaxhighlight lang="smalltalk"> Transcript show: 'Salve munde!'; nl. </syntaxhighlight> == Nexus externi == {{Wikibooks|Smalltalk Programming|Smalltalk}} *[https://archive.org/download/smsemantics.-dc-jun-73/SMSEMANTICS.DC_Jun73.pdf Smalltalk per se ipsum illustrata, semantice descripta anno 1973] *[http://stephane.ducasse.free.fr/FreeBooks.html Libri Smalltalk in rete gratuiti] [[Categoria:Linguae programmationis]] [[Categoria:Programmatio ad res directa]] 1t4fqmdq9jsx8t3gvmmzgesersohq4x 3966964 3966963 2026-06-27T04:55:36Z Grufo 64423 3966964 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Smalltalk_Balloon.svg|thumb|upright|[[Logotypus]].]] {{res|Smalltalk}} est [[Lingua programmationis]] [[programmatio ad res directa|ad res directa]], quae primum [[decennium 198|decennio 198]] ad usum [[paedagogia|paedagogicum]] parata est, sed postea in [[commercium|rebus mercatoriis]] locum invenit. Ab [[Alanus Kay|Alano Kay]] apud Xerox PARC opera dans condita est. In Smalltalk, [[Programma computatrale|programmata]] ex obiectis opacis et atomicis construuntur, quae sunt exempla instantiarum in classibus reposita. Haec obiecta per transmissionem nuntiorum in ambitu machinae virtualis inter se communicant. Parvus numerus obiectorum, quae primitiva appellantur, dum currunt redefiniri non possunt, quare interdum extra ambitum Smalltalk ipsum definiuntur. == Salve munde! == <syntaxhighlight lang="smalltalk"> Transcript show: 'Salve munde!'; nl. </syntaxhighlight> == Nexus externi == {{Wikibooks|Smalltalk Programming|Smalltalk}} *[https://archive.org/download/smsemantics.-dc-jun-73/SMSEMANTICS.DC_Jun73.pdf Smalltalk per se ipsum illustrata, semantice descripta anno 1973] *[http://stephane.ducasse.free.fr/FreeBooks.html Libri Smalltalk in rete gratuiti] [[Categoria:Linguae programmationis]] [[Categoria:Programmatio ad res directa]] 4qu8nppw7b372gx7pzva3zo9q128q6f 3966965 3966964 2026-06-27T04:55:57Z Grufo 64423 3966965 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Smalltalk_Balloon.svg|thumb|upright|[[Logotypus]].]] {{res|Smalltalk}} est [[Lingua programmationis]] [[programmatio ad res directa|ad res directa]], quae primum [[decennium 198|decennio 198]] ad usum [[paedagogia|paedagogicum]] parata est, sed postea in [[commercium|rebus mercatoriis]] locum invenit. Ab [[Alanus Kay|Alano Kay]] apud Xerox PARC opera dans condita est. In Smalltalk, [[Programma computatrale|programmata]] ex obiectis opacis et atomicis construuntur, quae sunt exempla instantiarum in classibus repositarum. Haec obiecta per transmissionem nuntiorum in ambitu machinae virtualis inter se communicant. Parvus numerus obiectorum, quae primitiva appellantur, dum currunt redefiniri non possunt, quare interdum extra ambitum Smalltalk ipsum definiuntur. == Salve munde! == <syntaxhighlight lang="smalltalk"> Transcript show: 'Salve munde!'; nl. </syntaxhighlight> == Nexus externi == {{Wikibooks|Smalltalk Programming|Smalltalk}} *[https://archive.org/download/smsemantics.-dc-jun-73/SMSEMANTICS.DC_Jun73.pdf Smalltalk per se ipsum illustrata, semantice descripta anno 1973] *[http://stephane.ducasse.free.fr/FreeBooks.html Libri Smalltalk in rete gratuiti] [[Categoria:Linguae programmationis]] [[Categoria:Programmatio ad res directa]] 4i2s63jrcdtad16kevh8xnbu5a80zuz 0 325475 3966966 3963738 2026-06-27T05:02:09Z Grufo 64423 Formulam {{[[Formula:Capsa tabellaria|Capsa tabellaria]]}} in locum tabellae substitui; minora 3966966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Camillus Sesto | : [[Fasciculus:Camilo Sesto.jpg|240px|Camillus Sesto]] | Nomen nativum: Camillus Blanes Cortés | Natus: [[16 Septembris]] [[1946]]<br />Alcoi, Hispania | Mortuus: [[8 Septembris]] [[2019]] (72 annos natus)<br />Matriti, Hispania | Societates musicae: Movieplay<br />Ariola<br />BMG<br />Elica Records<br />Universal<br />Sony Music }} {{res|Camillus Blanes Cortés}}, nomine scaenico {{res|Camillus Sesto}} (Alcoi natus die 16 Septembris 1946; Matriti mortuus die 8 Septembris 2019), fuit cantor, compositor et productor musicalis Hispanicus.<ref>https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/camilo-sesto-obituary-8529409/</ref> Cursus eius laudem internationalem annis 1970 et 1980 consecutus est. Plus quam centum miliones discorum vendidit et quinquaginta duos carmina numero uno in variis terris habuit. Carmina Hispanice, Anglice, Italice, Lusitane, Germanice, Valentine, et Iaponice cecinit.<ref>https://premioslatino.es/camilo-sesto-hubiera-sido-premio-latino-de-oro-a-la-trayectoria/</ref> Compositor et productor pro aliis artificibus, velut [[Michael Bosé]], laboro. Hereditas eius musica diffusa est gratias innumeris versionibus ab artificibus variis linguis et generibus peractis. {{tp|Museum Camilo Sesto (2026)}} In testamento suo, omnia bona sua personalia et praemia ad museum Alcoii creandum legavit. Hoc spatium duo milia rerum continebit et archivum erit ubi cursus eius physice documentabitur. == Discographia == === Greges === * 1964: ''[[Los Dayson]]'' * 1966: ''[[Los Botines]]'' === Alba musicalia === * 1970: ''[[Llegará el verano/Sin dirección]]'' * 1971: ''[[Algo de mí]]'' * 1972: ''[[Sólo un hombre]]'' * 1973: ''[[Algo más (álbum de Camilo Sesto)|Algo más]]'' * 1974: ''[[Camilo (álbum)|Camilo]]'' * 1975: ''[[Amor libre (álbum)|Amor libre]]'' * 1975: ''[[Jesucristo Superstar (álbum de Camilo Sesto)|Jesucristo Superstar]]'' * 1976: ''[[Memorias (álbum de Camilo Sesto)|Memorias]]'' * 1976: ''[[Look in the eye]]'' * 1977: ''[[Rasgos (álbum de Camilo Sesto)|Rasgos]]'' * 1977: ''[[Entre amigos (álbum de Camilo Sesto)|Entre amigos]]'' * 1978: ''[[Sentimientos (álbum de Camilo Sesto)|Sentimientos]]'' * 1979: ''[[Horas de amor (álbum)|Horas de amor]]'' * 1980: ''[[Amaneciendo]]'' * 1981: ''[[Más y más (álbum de Camilo Sesto)|Más y más]]'' * 1982: ''[[Camilo (álbum en inglés)|Camilo]]'' (Anglice) * 1983: ''[[Con ganas]]'' * 1984: ''[[Amanecer/84]]'' * 1985: ''[[Tuyo (álbum de Camilo Sesto)|Tuyo]]'' * 1986: ''[[Agenda de baile]]'' * 1991: ''[[A voluntad del cielo]]'' * 1992: ''[[Huracán de amor]]'' * 1994: ''[[Amor sin vértigo]]'' * 2002: ''[[Alma (álbum de Camilo Sesto)|Alma]]'' (cum Isabel Patton) * 2003: ''[[Alma (álbum de Camilo Sesto)|Alma]]'' (editio secunda, cum Andrea Bronston) * 2010: ''[[Todo de mí]]'' (duo disci compacti et DVD. In vivo diebus 1 et 2 Octobris Matriti) === Alba selecta === * 1982: ''[[Muy Personal (álbum de Camilo Sesto)|Muy Personal]]'' * 1997: ''[[Camilo Superstar]]'' * 2004: ''[[Camilo Sesto Nº 1]]'' * 2005: ''[[Jesucristo Superstar (álbum de Camilo Sesto)|Jesucristo Superstar]]'' (editio tricessimi anniversarii) * 2016: ''[[Camilo 70]]'' (album selectum, septuaginta anni Camilli Sesto) * 2018: ''[[Camilo Sinfónico]]'' * 2022: ''[[Camilo Forever]]'' * 2025: ''[[Camilo Love Sound Typhoon]]'' (In vivo Osacae '85) == Notationes == {{reflist}} == Nexus externi == * [https://camilosestooficial.com/ Situs interretialis officialis] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sesto, Camillus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1946]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Cantores Hispaniae]] [[Categoria:Cantores musicae popularis]] ab01ynmd3eyvo3y4zeehmnoickd54i9 0 325602 3966967 3964764 2026-06-27T05:06:17Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Lit-stipula|Lit-stipula]]}} 3966967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Gesta Theodorici - Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus (c 485 - c 580).jpg|thumb|Cassiodorus senator (imago aevi posterioris)]] {{ires|Historiae Ecclesiasticae Tripartitae epitome}} est opus [[res gestae|historicum]] a [[Cassiodorus|Cassiodori]] senatoris [[Epiphanius Scholasticus|Epiphanio]]que scholastico scriptum. Fons fuit opusculi [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanis]], titulo ''[[De origine actibusque Romanorum (Iordanes)|De origine actibusque Romanorum]]. == Bibliographia == * Lieve Van Hoof, Peter Van Nuffelen, "The Historiography of Crisis: Jordanes, Cassiodorus and Justinian in mid-sixth-century Constantinople" in ''Journal of Roman Studies'' vol. 107 (2017) pp. 275-300; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26576052 JSTOR] {{Lit-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 6]] [[Categoria:Italiae scripta]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] [[Categoria:Libri historici]] [[Categoria:Cassiodorus]] mwz8qx0rtl02razt65jmafxseune7im 0 325604 3966968 3964857 2026-06-27T05:06:50Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Lit-stipula|Lit-stipula]]}} 3966968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Gesta Theodorici - Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus (c 485 - c 580).jpg|thumb|Cassiodorus senator (imago aevi posterioris)]] {{ires|Historia Gothorum}} est opus historicum [[Cassiodorus|Cassiodori]] senatoris, medio saeculo VI scriptum, hodie deperditum. Partim in libro ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum]]'' [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanis]] servatam esse censetur: ei autem tres dies tantum licuit opus Cassiodori perlegere.<ref>"triduanam lectionem": [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]], ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum]]'' 2.</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{ec|id= Barnish (1984)|c= S. J. B. Barnish, "The genesis and completion of Cassiodorus' Gothic History" in ''Latomus'' vol. 43 (1984) pp. 336–361; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41533110 JSTOR] }} * Dennis R. Bradley, ""In Altum Laxare Vela Compulsus": The 'Getica' of Jordanes" in ''Hermes'' vol. 121 (1993) pp. 211-236; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4476955 JSTOR] * Brian Croke, “Cassiodorus and the Getica of Jordanes” in ''Classical Philology'' vol. 82 (1987); [https://www.jstor.org/stable/270102 JSTOR] * Peter Heather, "Cassiodorus and the Rise of the Amals: Genealogy and the Goths under Hun Domination" in ''Journal of Roman Studies'' vol. 79 (1989) pp. 103-128; [https://doi.org/10.2307/301183 JSTOR] * {{Creanda|it|Arnaldo Momigliano|Arnaldus Momigliano|Arnaldo Momigliano}}, "Cassiodorus and Italian culture of his time" in ''Proceedings of the British Academy'' vol. 41 (1955) pp. 207-245 {{Lit-stipula}} [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 6]] [[Categoria:Italiae scripta]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] [[Categoria:Libri historici]] [[Categoria:Cassiodorus]] [[Categoria:Libri deperditi]] 66vatwm31xrsa5suyouvouzcfkdk1t2 0 325613 3966969 3964891 2026-06-27T05:07:11Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Lit-stipula|Lit-stipula]]}} 3966969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Gesta Theodorici - Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus (c 485 - c 580).jpg|thumb|Cassiodorus senator (imago aevi posterioris)]] {{ires|Ordo generis Cassiodororum}} est opusculum quod [[Cassiodorus]] senator ipse scripsisse censetur de operibus litterariis sui ipsius [[Boethius|Boethii]]que et familiae Cassiodororum. Textus primum repperit [[Alfredus Holder]], qui {{Creanda|de|Hermann Usener|Hermannus Usener|Hermanno Usener}} ad edendum divulgandumque transmisit. Propter hoc textus nonnumquam "Anecdoton Holderi" nuncupatur. Usener opusculum anno fere 522 scriptum esse censuit, Iacobus O'Donnell autem annis 527/533, S. J. B. Barnish anno fere 537. == Bibliographia == ;Editiones * {{ec|id= Usener (1877)|c= {{Creanda|de|Hermann Usener|Hermannus Usener|Hermann Usener}}, ''Anecdoton Holderi''. Bonnae, 1877; [https://archive.org/details/anecdotonholder00unkngoog/page/n4/mode/2up Textus] }} * James J. O'Donnell, [https://faculty.georgetown.edu/jod/texts/cassbook/toc.html ''Cassiodorus.''] University of California Press, Berkeleiae 1979: vide appendicem I. ;Eruditio * {{ec|id= Barnish (1984)|c= S. J. B. Barnish, "The genesis and completion of Cassiodorus' Gothic History" in ''Latomus'' vol. 43 (1984) pp. 336–361; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41533110 JSTOR] }} * François Dolbeau, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rht_0373-6075_1985_num_12_1982_1263 Un nouveau témoin fragmentaire de l'Anecdoton Holderi]" in ''Revue d'Histoire des Textes'' vol. 12/13 (1982/1983) pp. 397-400 * Alain Galonnier, ''Anecdoton Holderi, ou, Ordo generis Cassiodororum: éléments pour une étude de l'authenticité boécienne des Opuscula sacra''. == Nexus externi == * [https://faculty.georgetown.edu/jod/texts/cassbook/appendix1.html Textus Latinus commentario munitus] (opus Iacobi O'Donnell) {{Lit-stipula}} [[Categoria:Cassiodorus]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 6]] [[Categoria:Libri bibliographici]] [[Categoria:Italiae scripta]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] laiu8sxloqjy6kokfxf0pvcvpuc7zbj 0 325631 3966970 3965060 2026-06-27T05:18:50Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Pagina polienda|Pagina polienda]]}} 3966970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina polienda}} {{Titulus italicus}} {{ores|De Canaria et insulis reliquis ultra Hispaniam in Oceano noviter repertis}} est tractatus in prosa [[Lingua Latina|Latina]] a [[Ioannes Boccaccio|Ioanne Boccaccio]] circa annum [[1342]] compositus. Textus notitias de [[Canariae Insulae|Canariis Insulis]] continet, ex epistula a mercatoribus Florentinis [[Hispalis|Hispali]] degentibus transmissa.<ref name="bocchi_la">{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Bocchi | nomen auctoris = Andrea | cognomen redactoris 1 = Ferracin | nomen redactoris 1 = Antonio | cognomen redactoris 2 = Venier | nomen redactoris 2 = Matteo | titulus = Appunti di lettura sul De Canaria | contextus = Giovanni Boccaccio: tradizione, interpretazione e fortuna. In ricordo di Vittore Branca | lingua = it | annus = 2014 | paginae = 189—198 | domus editoria = Forum | locus = [[Utinum|Utini]] | url = https://www.academia.edu/3675695/Appunti_di_lettura_sul_De_Canaria_ | url contextus = https://forumeditrice.it/percorsi/scienze-bibliografiche/libri-biblioteche/giovanni-boccaccio-tradizione-interpretazione-e-fortuna/appunti-di-lettura-sul-de-canaria | isbn = 978-88-8420-976-4 | tempus inspectionis = 2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Initium == Textus his verbis incipit, datam et fontem epistolarem indicans: epistula, Hispali die XV mensis Novembris anni MCCCXLI signata, a mercatoribus Florentinis Florentiam missa erat, rem gestam navium regis [[Alphonsi IV Portugalliae]] narrans.<ref name="ciampi_la">{{cite web |autor=Ciampi, Sebastiano |title=Monumenti d'un manoscritto autografo di Gio. Boccacci da Certaldo |url=https://archive.org/details/monumentidunman00firegoog |sitioweb=Internet Archive |year=1827 |language=it |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Adverbium ''noviter'' in title ostendit textum circa tempus expeditionis compositum esse.<ref name="ciampi_la" /> == Historia == Mense Iulio anni 1341 ex Olisipone expeditio trium navium, [[Alphonso IV Portugalliae|rege Alphonso IV Portugalliae]] auctore, profecta est, duce Florentino Angiolino del Tegghia de' Corbizzi et duce Genuensi [[Nicoloso da Recco]], cum remigibus Italicis, Lusitanis et Castellanis mixtis.<ref name="conquista_la">{{cite web |title=Conquest of the Canary Islands |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands |sitioweb=Wikipedia (Anglice) |language=en |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Expeditio per quinque menses in archipelago navigavit, tredecim insulas in tabulas redegit et cum quattuor indigenis Olisiponem rediit.<ref name="conquista_la" /> Nicoloso da Recco rem gestam familiaribus suis narravit; haec notitia ad mercatores Florentinos Hispali degentes pervenit, qui eam per epistulam ad societatem bancariam [[Bardi (gens)|Bardorum]] miserunt.<ref name="retranslating_la">{{cite web |title=A new approach to retranslating: (Re)translations of the chronicles of the discovery and conquest of the Canary Islands |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369927723_A_new_approach_to_retranslating_Retranslations_of_the_chronicles_of_the_discovery_and_conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands |sitioweb=ResearchGate |year=2023 |language=en |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Boccaccio, qui hanc epistulam nactus est, eam in Latinum classicum vertit et in volumen ''De Canaria'' incluit.<ref name="retranslating_la" /> Textus unico codice autographo, qui [[Zibaldone Magliabechiano]] appellatur (Banco Rari 50, [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Centralis Florentiae]]), servatur.<ref name="tesi_la">{{cite web |autor=Bocchi, Andrea |title="De Canaria ed insulis reliquis ultra Ispaniam in Occeano noviter repertis" di Giovanni Boccaccio: edizione critica, traduzione e commento |url=https://etd.adm.unipi.it/t/etd-11272013-193812/ |sitioweb=Archivio digitale delle tesi, Università di Pisa |year=2013 |language=it |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Hic codex miscellanea textuum Latinorum, plerique historici, ex auctoribus classicis et mediaevaliibus collecta est, cuius tempora controversa sunt: sectio ultima ex causis internis ad annum 1356 refertur, sectiones priores vero inter finem decennii XXX saeculi XIV et medium decennium L eiusdem saeculi collocantur.<ref name="enteboccaccio_la">{{cite web |title=Firenze Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - Banco Rari 50 |url=https://www.enteboccaccio.it/s/ente-boccaccio/item/2719 |sitioweb=Ente Nazionale Giovanni Boccaccio |language=it |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Structura == Textus in capita numerata formaliter non dividitur. In duas partes distinguitur: pars prior fontem epistolarem explanat, pars altera insulas et incolas describit.<ref name="bocchi_la" /><ref name="tesi_la" /> Genus dicendi breve et directum est, adfine stylo relationum mercatoriarum illius aetatis.<ref name="cronicas_la">{{cite web |title=Giovanni Boccaccio y el redescubrimiento de Canarias |url=https://www.cronicasdelanzarote.es/opinion/alfonso-licata/giovanni-boccaccio-redescubrimiento-canarias/20231230102356330687.html |sitioweb=Crónicas de Lanzarote |year=2023 |language=es |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Analysis philologica codicis octavo fasciculo [[Zibaldone Magliabechiano|Zibaldonis Magliabechiani]], in quo ''De Canaria'' inscripta est, praecipue incumbit, cum variis indiciis ad chronologiam et modum compositionis Boccaccii pertinentibus.<ref name="tesi_la" /> == Materia == Textus insulas ab expeditione anni 1341 visas describit. Prima insula saxosa et silvestris esse dicitur, incolae sine agricultura, armenta alentes, nec vestimentis usi nisi pellibus quibusdam.<ref name="cronicas_la" /> Haec descriptio cum descriptione insulae quam textus «Canaria» appellat—hodierna [[Gran Canaria]]—contrarium facit, cuius incolae laudabilius depinguntur.<ref name="cheremone_la">{{cite web |title=de canaria |url=https://cheremone.wordpress.com/2019/03/23/de-canaria/ |sitioweb=Cheremone |year=2019 |language=it |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Incolae Magnae Canariae, [[Guanchi]] dicti, candida cute et capillis longis flavisque praediti describuntur, qui cantu et saltatione delectabantur.<ref name="bocchi_la" /> His matrimonium, numerorum systema et fanum in oppido ab expeditionariis visitato tribuuntur.<ref name="cronicas_la" /> Boccaccio eos cum populis Occidentis Christiani comparat atque dicit eos «more Gallico saltare» et linguam eorum «sicut Italicam» suavem esse.<ref name="cronicas_la" /> Inter fontes classicos qui textum conformaverunt eminet ''[[Naturalis Historia]]'' [[Plini Maioris]], cuius usus varius et inconstans in studiis philologicis notatur ac de datione operis disceptatur.<ref name="tesi_la" /> Traditio geographica antiqua has insulas ''Insulae Fortunatae'' nomine noverat; Plinius (VI, 61) earum nomen «Canaria» a canum multitudine magna derivabat.<ref name="cheremone_la" /> ''De Canaria'' a criticis habetur primus textus Europaeus qui systematicam descriptionem incolarum [[Insularum Canariarum]] praebet.<ref name="naturalis_la">{{cite web |title=La primera imagen de las Islas Canarias en la Naturalis Historia |url=https://riull.ull.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/915/4046/F_25_(2014)_12.pdf |sitioweb=Repositorio Institucional, Universidad de La Laguna |year=2014 |language=es |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Iacobus Coleman in analysi omnium operum Boccaccii mixturam fontium mercatoriarum et classicorum in textu ostendit, cum elaboratione mythorum Aetatis Aureae ab auctoribus ut [[Ovidius]], [[Vergilius]], [[Horatius]], [[Seneca (philosophus)|Seneca]], [[Iuvenalis]] et [[Boethius]] sumptorum.<ref name="kirkham_la">{{cite web |title=Boccaccio: A Critical Guide to the Complete Works (recensio) |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/684754 |sitioweb=Modern Philology, University of Chicago Press |year=2016 |language=en |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Notae == {{reflist}} [[Categoria:Opera Iohannis Boccaccii]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae medii aevi]] [[Categoria:Insulae Canariae]] [[Categoria:Saeculum XIV]] 9csnt3vqlz83jtnl8pmgju19wc9kzmx 0 325687 3966971 3966222 2026-06-27T05:22:48Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Pagina polienda|Pagina polienda]]}} 3966971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina polienda}} {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Facies septentrionalis Castelli Posidonis.]] {{res|Castellum Posidonis}}{{FD ref}} ([[Francogallice]] ''Château de la Borde'' et ex anno [[2025]] ''Château Poséidon'') est [[castellum]] stilo [[Neo-Renaissance]]{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 19| saeculo undevicensimo]] aedificatum et in [[commune|communitate]] [[Val-Fouzon]] situm, in praefectura [[Inger (praefectura Franciae)|Ingeris]] in [[regio]]ne [[Centrum et Vallis Ligeris|Centro et Valle Ligeris]]. Quod castellum est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castellum situm est [[La Borde]] in commune [[Varennes-sur-Fouzon]], quae est commune delegata intra novum commune Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castellum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto Alfred Dauvergne factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. == Series Dominorum == Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede lactariae et caseificii interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum Coulommiers apparet Historia interretialis loci caseificii. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in Caudéran natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yves Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Maria de Dieuleveult (1911–1997). </ref>Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent <ref>Verin|2025</ref>. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thomas Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. Annis 2025 et 2026 domum custodes penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Aedificia Franciae]] [[Categoria:Castella]] [[Categoria:Confecta saeculo 19]] [[Categoria:Inger (praefectura Franciae)]] b6t5i037akotmub8ky3u785ywskaybv 0 325696 3966803 3966729 2026-06-26T12:15:29Z IacobusAmor 1163 3966803 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Seekirchen (Pfarrkirche - Friedhof - Kollegiatstift - 2).jpg|thumb|Conventus collegialis apud [[Seekirchen]]; habitatio Iosephi Haslinger usque 1988.]] {{res|Iosephus Haslinger}} ([[Theodisce]] ''Josef''; natus die [[10 Decembris]] [[1904]] apud [[Sankt Georgen an der Gusen]] in [[Austria Superior]]e<ref>Personalschematismus der Erzdiözese Salzburg 1995. Eigenverlag des Erzbischöflichen Ordinariates Salzburg. Salzburg 1995, p. 408.</ref>; mortuus in Bad Mühllacken<ref>[[Lentia]]e, secundum [https://www.dioezese-linz.at/dl/nursJmoJmOmJqx4KJKJKJNmLn/Linzer_Dioezesanblatt_1994_04_01_pdf ''Linzer Diözesanblatt''] - 1 Aprilis 1994, p. 52-53</ref> die [[24 Februarii]] [[1994]]) fuit [[presbyter|parochus]] et [[missionarius]] [[Austria|Austriacus]]. ==Vita== Haslinger Collegium Aloisianum [[lentia|Lentiense]] frequentavit et maturitatis examen [[Liesing (Vindobona)|Kalksburg (Liesing)]] in vico Vindobonensi habuit<ref>[https://eplus.uni-salzburg.at/theologische/content/titleinfo/12185017 Iosephi Haslinger promissa de cursibus universitariis sequendis] - apud: ''Archivum universitarium Iuvavense''; 1930-34.</ref>. Tunc ex autumno 1929 [[philosophia]]e et [[theologia]]e in [[universitas Salisburgensis|Alma Matre Paridiana]] studuit. Quibus annis in collegio sacerdotali vitam degebat. Die [[13 Iulii]] [[1933]] in [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Salisburgensis| Ecclesia Cathedrali Iuvavensi]] sacerdotalis ordinatio eius facta est. Capellanus creatus est in Berndorf{{FD ref}} (1934-37) et Sankt Johann im Pongau{{FD ref}} necnon secretarius Sodalitatis Universitariae Catholicae. Tunc beneficiatus fuit in Hopfgarten{{FD ref}} (in [[Tirolis (civitas Austriae)|Tiroli]]). Die [[9 Ianuarii]] [[1939]] [[nazismus|socialistae nationales]] eius veniam [[religio]]sorum in scholis docendorum ademerunt.<ref>AT-AES 2.17.1 12/10 (Rp2) - elenchus clericorum a scholis expulsorum (in Archidioesesi Iuvavensi).</ref> Die autem [[17 Martii]] [[1939]], cum [[puer]]i et [[puella]]e mox communicaturi confessionem dedissent, agentes in rebus [[Gestapo]] eum comprehenderunt. Anno [[1941]] exeunte, denique Haslinger [[carcer]]e liberatus est. Causa abductionis fuerat homilia die [[25 Martii]] [[1939]] ex ambone habita de falsis prophetis<ref>''Attendite a falsis prophetis, qui veniunt ad vos in vestimentis ovium, intrinsecus autem sunt lupi rapaces.'' - Matth 7,15.</ref> quae in contumeliam regentium haberi potuit.<ref>AT-AES 19/3, [[Andreas Rohracher|Andreae Rohracher]] archiepiscopi Iuvavensis elenchus de sacerdotibus qui annis inter 1938 et 1945 ex causis politicis persecutionem perpessi sint.</ref><ref>AT-AES 2.17.A2.1.527, epistula [[Paulus Rusch|Paulo Rusch]] episcopo Aenipontano die 19 Maii 1939 data; Haslinger post [[secundum Bellum Mundanum|bellum pancosmicum]] scriptis rationem de omnibus istis rebus reddens in "Krieg gegen Gott wird zum Krieg gegen Menschen."</ref> Tunc capellanus fuit in parochiis Unternberg, Böckstein, Hopfgarten et Goldegg. Annis inter 1949 et 1962 in [[Civitas Bahiensis|Civitate Bahiensi]] missionarii munere functus est.<ref>In Brasilia autem eum ''Iosephum Leopoldum'' nuncupaverunt.</ref> In patriam reversus Haslinger animas in nosocomio Sancti Ioannis ([[Salisburgum|Iuvavi]]) curavit antequam parochus in Straßwalchen (1962-64) et catechizans in Seekirchen fieret. Annis 1969 et 1970 subsidiarius in Elixhausen fuit. Saepe iter fecit cum peregrinantibus, qui loca apparitionis Mariae visitabant. Anno 1988, sorore decessa, in gerontocomium catholicum ad Bad Mühllacken transeundum erat; nonnullos annos illinc Lentiam petebat ad missas celebrandas in fano Fratrum Minorum. Tumba eius in canonicorum sepulcreto in Seekirchen invenitur. Anno 1987, quando spes erat de aliquo consensu perpetrando inter [[Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Pii X|Fraternitatem Sacerdotalem Sancti Pii X]] et [[sancta Sedes|Sanctam Sedem]], [[marcellus Lefebvre|Marcellum Lefebvre]] Iuvavi convenit (in sacramento confirmationis dando) eumque [[Anisia]]e revisit.<ref>[https://fsspx.at/de/events/52-jahrestag-des-ersten-besuches-von-erzbischof-lefebvre-oesterreich-47973 "52. Jahrestag des ersten Besuches von Erzbischof Lefebvre in Österreich"] - apud: ''fsspx.at'' - cum photographia</ref><ref>Iosephus Haslinger: [https://fsspx.at/de/news/vor-40-jahren-wurde-der-erste-oesterreicher-unserer-bruderschaft-zum-priester-geweiht-26263 nuntius de primitiis sacerdotis Ioannis Walderdorff] - apud: ''Salzburger Nachrichten,'' 22.7.1981</ref> Haslinger quoque in [[latinitas viva|Latinitate viva]] provehenda operam dabat. In pluribus septimanis [[Opus Fundatum Latinitas|Operis Fundati Latinitas]], quae ''Feriae Latinae'' inscribebantur, adfuit et moderatori auxiliabatur. Haslinger linguas Anglicam, Francicam, Graecam, Hebraicam, Hispanicam, Italicam, Latinam, Lusitanicam callebat. == Fontes == * Rinnerthaler, Alfred: "Aus der Chronik des Vikariates und der Pfarre Elixhausen" - apud: Robert Wintersteiger kaj Gertraud Lürzer: ''Chronik der Gemeinde Elixhausen,'' Gemeinde Elixhausen 1991, p. 83 * [https://res.icar-us.eu/index.php/Haslinger,_Josef_(1904-1994) "Haslinger, Josef (1904-1994)"] - apud: ''Regesta Ecclesiastica Salisburgensia (RES) *[https://wiki.sn.at/wiki/Josef_Haslinger_(Priester) "Haslinger, Josef (Priester)"] - apud: ''SalzburgWiki'' ==Notae== <references /> {{Lifetime|1904|1994|Haslinger, Iosephus}} [[Categoria:Incarcerati]] [[Categoria:Incolae Austriae]] [[Categoria:Latinitas viva]] [[Categoria:Missionarii]] [[Categoria:Presbyteri catholici]] 123vr17vesvmxhzywbfilyootgm44h7 118 325741 3966972 3966698 2026-06-27T05:26:30Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Spider-Man]] ad [[Adumbratio:Spider-Man]]: Locus opportunior 3966698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2026|6}} {{Vicificanda}} '''Spider-Man''' est charachter fictionis creatus a Stan Lee et Steve Ditko in societate [[Marvel Comics|Marvel Comicis]]. == Referentia == *[https://www.screendaily.com/news/sony-shows-first-chunks-of-new-spider-man-and-resident-evil-films-at-cineeurope/5217931.article De Spider-Man ex ScreenDaily creatus a Stan Lee et Steve Ditko pro societate Marvel Comicis] {{dubcat}} {{Nexus absunt}} 5g06e66aimv7g9y2p9b3d66xj1fwp1s 3966974 3966972 2026-06-27T05:27:24Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Adumbratio|Adumbratio]]}} 3966974 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Adumbratio}}</noinclude> {{res|Spider-Man}} est charachter fictionis creatus a Stan Lee et Steve Ditko in societate [[Marvel Comics|Marvel Comicis]]. == Referentia == *[https://www.screendaily.com/news/sony-shows-first-chunks-of-new-spider-man-and-resident-evil-films-at-cineeurope/5217931.article De Spider-Man ex ScreenDaily creatus a Stan Lee et Steve Ditko pro societate Marvel Comicis] {{dubcat}} {{Nexus absunt}} 7f5etwfn291yy1zevz1w14omz4fifi7 3966986 3966974 2026-06-27T08:25:35Z Grufo 64423 -{{dubcat}}; -{{Nexus absunt}} (pagina facta esta adumbratio) 3966986 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Adumbratio}}</noinclude> {{res|Spider-Man}} est charachter fictionis creatus a Stan Lee et Steve Ditko in societate [[Marvel Comics|Marvel Comicis]]. == Referentia == *[https://www.screendaily.com/news/sony-shows-first-chunks-of-new-spider-man-and-resident-evil-films-at-cineeurope/5217931.article De Spider-Man ex ScreenDaily creatus a Stan Lee et Steve Ditko pro societate Marvel Comicis] 7e5w7vqfx7pz70l4w0qtn3y4rrs039l 0 325764 3966827 3966700 2026-06-26T15:02:25Z Esor Crustulorum 211384 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354230887|Trumbull, Connecticut]]" 3966827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=Trumbull, Connecticut|settlement_type=[[New England town|Town]]|image_skyline=Fairchild Library Nichols Connecticut.JPG|image_caption=The Fairchild Nichols Memorial Library|image_flag=Trumbull flag.gif|image_seal=Trumbullseal.jpg|motto={{force singular}} Pride in our Past, Faith in our Future|image_map={{switcher|[[File:Fairfield County Connecticut incorporated and unincorporated areas Trumbull highlighted.svg|230px|frameless|alt=Trumbull's location within Fairfield County and Connecticut]]|&nbsp;[[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield County]] and Connecticut|[[File:Greater Bridgeport incorporated and unincorporated areas Trumbull highlighted.svg|250px|frameless|alt=Trumbull's location within the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region and the state of Connecticut]]|&nbsp;[[Greater Bridgeport Planning Region, Connecticut|Greater Bridgeport Planning Region]] and Connecticut|default=1}}|image_map1={{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=280|frame-height=200|frame-coord=SWITCH:{{coord|qid=Q755134}}###{{coord|qid=Q779}}###{{coord|41|13|59|N|73|13|6|W}}|zoom=SWITCH:10;6;3|type=SWITCH:shape-inverse;point;point|marker=city|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|id2=SWITCH:Q755134;Q779;Q30|type2=shape|fill2=#ffffff|fill-opacity2=SWITCH:0;0.1;0.1|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|stroke-opacity2=SWITCH:0;1;1|switch=Trumbull;Connecticut;the United States}}|coordinates={{coord|41|13|59|N|73|13|6|W|region:US-CT|display=inline,title}}|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=United States|subdivision_type1=[[U.S. state|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Connecticut]]|subdivision_type2=[[List of counties in Connecticut|County]]|subdivision_name2=[[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield]]|subdivision_type3=[[Councils of governments in Connecticut|Region]]|subdivision_name3=[[Greater Bridgeport Planning Region, Connecticut|CT Metropolitan]]|established_title=Settled|established_date=1639 as [[Stratford, Connecticut|Stratford]]|established_title2=Incorporated|established_date2=1797 as Trumbull|government_type=[[Mayor-council|First selectman-Town council]]|leader_title=First Selectman|leader_name=Vicki Tesoro (D)|leader_title1=Town Council|leader_name1=Michael Buswell (R)<br />Mary Isaac (D)<br />Dede Robinson (R)<br />Bill Mecca (D)<br />Nicole Satin (D)<br />Donna Seidell (R)<br />Kevin Shively (D)<br />Thomas Whitmoyer (D)<br />Tony Scinto (R)<br />Jason Marsh (D)<br />Stephen Choi (R)<br />Alissa Hall (D)<br />Kelly Mallozzi (D)<br />Dawn Cantafio (D)<br />Joy Colón (D)<br />Lissette Colon (R)<br />Ashley Gaudiano (D)<br />Olga Leiva (R)<br />Stephen Lemoine (R)<br />Christopher DeCruze (R)<br />Carl Massaro, Jr. (R)|unit_pref=Imperial|area_total_km2=60.9|area_total_sq_mi=23.5|area_land_km2=60.3|area_land_sq_mi=23.3|area_water_km2=0.6|area_water_sq_mi=0.2|elevation_m=81|elevation_ft=266|population_total=36827|population_as_of=2020|population_density_sq_mi=1580.6|timezone=[[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]|utc_offset=−5|timezone_DST=[[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]|utc_offset_DST=−4|postal_code_type=[[ZIP Code]]|postal_code=06611|area_codes=[[Area codes 203 and 475|203/475]]|blank_name=[[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]|blank_info=09-77200|blank1_name=[[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID|blank1_info=0213518|website={{URL|http://www.trumbull-ct.gov/}}|footnotes=}} '''Trumbull''' est [[Oppidum Novae Angliae|oppidum]] in Comitatu Fairfield, Connecticut, in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]]. Hoc oppidum urbibus Bridgeport et Shelton, ac oppidis Stratford, Fairfield, Easton et Monroe adiacet. Numerus incolarum in censu anni 2020 36,827 fuit.<ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US0900177200|title=Census – Geography Profile: Trumbull town, Fairfield County, Connecticut|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref> Regio Trumbull per milia annorum sedes gentis Indorum Paugussett Collis Auerei erat, antequam vicus Anglicus anno 1639 conderetur. == Loci cultus == * Ecclesia Christi et Coemeterium Tashuae * Ecclesia Sanctae Catharinae Senensis (Trumbull, Connecticuta) * [[Ecclesia Sanctae Theresiae (Trumbull, Connecticuta)]] * Ecclesia Armenica Sanctae Ascensionis <ref>{{Cite web|title=Armenian Church of the Holy Ascension {{!}} Trumbull {{!}} Church guide 2025|url=https://churchesinusa.com/church/armenian_church_of_the_holy_ascension/342234585904789/}}</ref> [[Categoria:Condita 1639]] [[Categoria:Condita 1797]] a7zfytsztr4w0a2zkwye80yegj9oako 3966828 3966827 2026-06-26T15:02:49Z Esor Crustulorum 211384 Abrogans recensionem 3966827 ab usore [[User:Esor Crustulorum|Esor Crustulorum]] ([[User talk:Esor Crustulorum|Disputatio]] | [[Special:Contributions/Esor Crustulorum|conlationes]]) 3966828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Trumbull}} est [[Oppidum Novae Angliae|oppidum]] in Comitatu Fairfield, Connecticut, in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]]. Hoc oppidum urbibus Bridgeport et Shelton, ac oppidis Stratford, Fairfield, Easton et Monroe adiacet. Numerus incolarum in censu anni [[2020]] {{num|36827}} fuit.<ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US0900177200|title=Census – Geography Profile: Trumbull town, Fairfield County, Connecticut|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref> Regio Trumbull per milia annorum sedes gentis Indorum Paugussett Collis Aurei erat, antequam vicus Anglicus anno [[1639]] conderetur. {{Notae}} == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Condita 1639]] [[Categoria:Condita 1797]] iwo74vb10q4kj9s61zjmivm0itl4sq8 3966829 3966828 2026-06-26T15:04:15Z Esor Crustulorum 211384 3966829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Trumbull}} est [[Oppidum Novae Angliae|oppidum]] in Comitatu Fairfield, Connecticut, in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]]. Hoc oppidum urbibus Bridgeport et Shelton, ac oppidis Stratford, Fairfield, Easton et Monroe adiacet. Numerus incolarum in censu anni [[2020]] {{num|36827}} fuit.<ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US0900177200|title=Census – Geography Profile: Trumbull town, Fairfield County, Connecticut|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref> Regio Trumbull per milia annorum sedes gentis Indorum Paugussett Collis Aurei erat, antequam vicus Anglicus anno [[1639]] conderetur. == Loci Sancti == * [[Christ Church and Tashua Burial Ground|Ecclesia Christi et Coemeterium Tashuae]] * [[St. Catherine of Siena Church (Trumbull, Connecticut)|Ecclesia Sanctae Catharinae Senensis (Trumbull, Connecticuta)]] * [[Ecclesia Sanctae Theresiae (Trumbull, Connecticuta)]] * Ecclesia Armenica Sanctae Ascensionis <ref>{{Cite web|title=Armenian Church of the Holy Ascension {{!}} Trumbull {{!}} Church guide 2025|url=https://churchesinusa.com/church/armenian_church_of_the_holy_ascension/342234585904789/}}</ref> {{Notae}} == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Condita 1639]] [[Categoria:Condita 1797]] 7au5bcq2uhb0ibozvfbqxryle6bvl9n 0 325796 3966806 3966719 2026-06-26T12:32:38Z IacobusAmor 1163 3966806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} [[Fasciculus:Faure Requiem Manuscript.gif|thumb|Gabrielis Fauré “Requiem” sic [[manuscriptum|manu scripsit]].]] [[Fasciculus:P1030416 Paris VIII église de la Madeleine orgue de tribune rwk.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Organum (instrumentum musicum)|Organum]] apud [[Ecclesia Sanctae Mariae (Lutetia)|Ecclesiam Sanctae Mariae Lutetiae]] ubi “Requiem” musica Gabrielis Fauré primum concenta est.]] {{lores|Requiem}} in [[re minus|re minore]], opus 48, est [[musica liturgica]] pro defunctis, [[requiem]] appellata, a [[Gabriel Fauré|Gabriele Fauré]] inter annos [[1887]] et [[1890]] composita, primum autem die [[16 Ianuarii]] [[1888]] apud [[Ecclesia Sanctae Mariae (Lutetia)|Ecclesiam Sanctae Mariae]] [[Lutetia]]e concenta. Saepe inter tria magna generis requiem opera musica numeratur.<ref>Alia sunt [[Requiem (Mozartus)|Requiem]] a [[Wolfgangus Amadeus Mozartus|Wolfgango Amadeo Mozarto]] et [[Messa da Requiem]] a [[Iosephus Verdi|Iosepho Verdi]] composita.</ref> == Structura musicae == # Introitus et [[Kyrie]] # Offertorium # [[Sanctus]] # Pie Iesu # [[Agnus Dei]] # Libera me # In paradisum == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{Partitura apud Petrucci|Requiem, Op.48 (Fauré, Gabriel)|Requiem opus 48 a Gaburiel Fauré}} [[Categoria:Musica classica]] [[Categoria:Musica ecclesiastica]] [[Categoria:Musica 1888]] nbqrwr91rk9ysn1ufn3zwhqhyap5pip 0 325805 3966801 3966723 2026-06-26T12:07:13Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ 3966801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2026|6}} {{Pagina non annexa}} [[Fasciculus:SouthernBreakneckPondonNipmuckTrailfacingnorth.jpg|thumb|Australis Stagni Cervicifragii pars in Semita Nipmuck, ad [[septentrio]]nem spectans, ultimo [[hiems|hiemis]] die.]] '''Stagnum Cervicifragii'''{{FD ref}} est [[lacus]] iugerorum nonaginta et duo<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ctfishfinder.com/breakneck-pond-15-location.html|title=Breakneck Pond Fishing}}</ref> in Silva Civitatis Nipmuck Unione in vico [[Connecticuta|Connecticutensi]] situs. Exigua lacus pars intra fines [[Sturbrigia]]e in [[Massachusetta]] extenditur. Maxima lacus altitudo est duodecim pedes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cteco.uconn.edu/map_catalog/maps/lake/bathymetry/Bathymetry_Breakneck_Pond.pdf|title=Archived copy}}.</ref> Omne lacus [[litus]] incultum est. [[Vehiculum|Vehicula]] et [[naviculae]] [[motor]]iae ibi vetantur. Aditus ad lacum est per semitas ex Saepto Civitatis Bigelow Hollow, et in tribus locis circum lacum ponere [[tabernaculum|tabernacula]] licet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ct.gov/dep/lib/dep/stateparks/maps/big_nipm.pdf|title=Archived copy}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ct.gov/dep/lib/dep/stateparks/maps/backpacking/BigelowBreakneckCampsite.pdf|title=Archived copy}}.</ref> Est etiam terminus septentrionalis Nipmuck Semitae. ==Notae== <references/>{{dubcat}} oev45o8paj0007rh3o4ktyxwgxdic4y 0 325807 3966808 2026-06-26T13:26:48Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3966808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Regnévelle, Église Saint-Roch.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Rainharii villa: [[ecclesia (aedificium)| ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Rochus|Sancto Rocho]] dicata.]] {{res|Rainharii villa}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 232.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Regnévelle'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 122 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Regnévelle|Rainharii villam}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] 486izwduh722e0fzkzslsyytdb18h43 1 325808 3966809 2026-06-26T13:28:44Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3966809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Regnévelle|237278140}} q5onty08ql24kcj1rrh1mnoio6p1o2i 0 325809 3966810 2026-06-26T13:33:02Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3966810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:REBEUVILLE.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Ribovilla: despectus in vicum cum [[ecclesia (aedificium)| ecclesia]] [[Martinus Turonensis|Sancto Martino]] dicata.]] {{res|Ribovilla}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 256.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Rebeuville'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 294 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Rebeuville|Ribovillam}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] 74adsf0jr7rqxdbrmmdzxadvziedinm 1 325810 3966811 2026-06-26T13:34:39Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3966811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Rebeuville|237267763}} rjo8xe9ifvcmv4zakbr7acft1mum76n 0 325811 3966812 2026-06-26T13:40:11Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3966812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Raves, Chapelle Saint-Étienne.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Raves: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|capella]] [[Sanctus Stephanus|Sancto Stephano]] dicata.]] {{res|Raves}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 481 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Raves (Vosges)|Raves}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] piyttd3yrnken9mwak9esjgyy1i1hg9 1 325812 3966813 2026-06-26T13:42:05Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3966813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Raves|237267619}} 7qc9beo4rate2co24aihce884p5pudr 0 325813 3966816 2026-06-26T14:19:08Z Esor Crustulorum 211384 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1300895308|Pinewood Lake]]" 3966816 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Lacus Pinewood''' est lacus naturalis situs ad caurum Collis Mischae in regione Districtus Historici Nichols Farms in oppido [[Trumbull, Connecticuta|Trumbull, Connecticutae]]. == Societas Lacus Pinei == Lacus Pineus cum aedificiis adiacentibus centrum est communitatis recreationis privatae, cui accessus publicus interdictus est. Praeter lacum, Societas Lacus Pinei curat aedes sodalitatis, plura navium receptacula, duos aggeres, litus commune, et plures areas aditiales inter domos lacum attingentes interpositas. [[Fasciculus:Pinewood_Lake_Clubhouse.JPG|left|thumb|Aedes sodalitatis Societatis Lacus Pinei]] [[Fasciculus:Pinebrook_Cabins.JPG|right|thumb|Casae rusticae circa annum 1931]] == Historia == Regio Lacus Pinei olim erat habitatio Mischae, sodalis Gentis Indorum Paugussett Collis Aurei. Lacus naturalis postea "Old Farm Pond" ab Anglis, qui saeculo XVII regionem incoluerunt, appellatus est. Old Farm Pond circiter 1150 pedes longus et 775 pedes maxima latitudine patebat. Hoc stagnum a rivis Booth Hill Brook et Bears Den Brook, qui circiter 1550 pedes supra stagnum confluebant, alebatur. [[Categoria:Historia theatri]] hz4do6b7gm2x6sm9vdnbgibi8djiqzz 3966817 3966816 2026-06-26T14:19:38Z Esor Crustulorum 211384 mutatio nominis 3966817 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Lacus Pineus''' est lacus naturalis situs ad caurum Collis Mischae in regione Districtus Historici Nichols Farms in oppido [[Trumbull, Connecticuta|Trumbull, Connecticutae]]. == Societas Lacus Pinei == Lacus Pineus cum aedificiis adiacentibus centrum est communitatis recreationis privatae, cui accessus publicus interdictus est. Praeter lacum, Societas Lacus Pinei curat aedes sodalitatis, plura navium receptacula, duos aggeres, litus commune, et plures areas aditiales inter domos lacum attingentes interpositas. [[Fasciculus:Pinewood_Lake_Clubhouse.JPG|left|thumb|Aedes sodalitatis Societatis Lacus Pinei]] [[Fasciculus:Pinebrook_Cabins.JPG|right|thumb|Casae rusticae circa annum 1931]] == Historia == Regio Lacus Pinei olim erat habitatio Mischae, sodalis Gentis Indorum Paugussett Collis Aurei. Lacus naturalis postea "Old Farm Pond" ab Anglis, qui saeculo XVII regionem incoluerunt, appellatus est. Old Farm Pond circiter 1150 pedes longus et 775 pedes maxima latitudine patebat. Hoc stagnum a rivis Booth Hill Brook et Bears Den Brook, qui circiter 1550 pedes supra stagnum confluebant, alebatur. [[Categoria:Historia theatri]] 3x0a9cezutsmalygm1ln8d6bcfnf47b 3966820 3966817 2026-06-26T14:32:01Z Esor Crustulorum 211384 3966820 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Lacus Pineus''' est [[lacus]] naturalis situs ad caurum Collis Mischae in regione Districtus Historici Nichols Farms in oppido [[Trumbull, Connecticuta|Trumbull, Connecticutae]]. == Societas Lacus Pinei == Lacus Pineus cum aedificiis adiacentibus centrum est communitatis recreationis privatae, cui accessus publicus interdictus est. Praeter lacum, Societas Lacus Pinei curat aedes sodalitatis, plura [[Navis|navium]] receptacula, duos [[Moles (agger)|aggeres]], litus commune, et plures aditus inter domos ad lacum pertinentes interpositos. [[Fasciculus:Pinewood_Lake_Clubhouse.JPG|left|thumb|Aedes sodalitatis Societatis Lacus Pinei]] [[Fasciculus:Pinebrook_Cabins.JPG|right|thumb|Casae rusticae circa annum 1931]] == Historia == Regio Lacus Pinei olim erat habitatio Mischae, sodalis Gentis Indorum Paugussett Collis Aurei. Lacus naturalis postea "Old Farm Pond" ab Anglis, qui saeculo XVII regionem incoluerunt, appellatus est. Old Farm Pond circiter 1150 pedes longus et 775 pedes maxima latitudine patebat. Hoc stagnum a rivis Booth Hill Brook et Bears Den Brook, qui circiter 1550 pedes supra stagnum confluebant, alebatur. [[Categoria:Historia theatri]] 6unun39o7yul805pe0xrs46itbw6qh8 3966978 3966820 2026-06-27T05:34:04Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Vicificanda|Vicificanda]]}} 3966978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Lacus Pineus''' est [[lacus]] naturalis situs ad caurum Collis Mischae in regione Districtus Historici Nichols Farms in oppido [[Trumbull, Connecticuta|Trumbull, Connecticutae]]. == Societas Lacus Pinei == Lacus Pineus cum aedificiis adiacentibus centrum est communitatis recreationis privatae, cui accessus publicus interdictus est. Praeter lacum, Societas Lacus Pinei curat aedes sodalitatis, plura [[Navis|navium]] receptacula, duos [[Moles (agger)|aggeres]], litus commune, et plures aditus inter domos ad lacum pertinentes interpositos. [[Fasciculus:Pinewood_Lake_Clubhouse.JPG|left|thumb|Aedes sodalitatis Societatis Lacus Pinei]] [[Fasciculus:Pinebrook_Cabins.JPG|right|thumb|Casae rusticae circa annum 1931]] == Historia == Regio Lacus Pinei olim erat habitatio Mischae, sodalis Gentis Indorum Paugussett Collis Aurei. Lacus naturalis postea "Old Farm Pond" ab Anglis, qui saeculo XVII regionem incoluerunt, appellatus est. Old Farm Pond circiter 1150 pedes longus et 775 pedes maxima latitudine patebat. Hoc stagnum a rivis Booth Hill Brook et Bears Den Brook, qui circiter 1550 pedes supra stagnum confluebant, alebatur. [[Categoria:Historia theatri]] bjh9xssdpxikncvn79lymo0vcs8n5eg 0 325814 3966825 2026-06-26T14:58:47Z Esor Crustulorum 211384 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359174641|St. Theresa Church (Trumbull, Connecticut)]]" 3966825 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ecclesia Sanctae Theresiae''' est ecclesia [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholica Romana]] in [[Trumbull, Connecticuta]] in Dioecesi Bridgeportensis. Ea Ecclesia Mater Trumbullensis appellatur. Tribus milibus et centum familiis ad ecclesiam pertinentibus, maxima omnium in oppido est. == Historia == Parochia Sanctae Teresiae die IV mensis Octobris anno [[1934]] a Mauritio F. McAuliffe, Episcopo Hartfordiensi, condita est. Conscius necessitatum spiritualium incolarum Trumbullensis, Episcopus ecclesiam Sanctae Teresiae primam ecclesiam Catholicam in oppido fecit, eamque in honorem [[Teresia Lexoviensis|Teresiae Lisieux]], Floris Parvi Iesu, dedicavit. Episcopus McAuliffe ecclesiam originalem parvam albamque die XXII mensis Septembris anno [[1935]] dedicavit. Ecclesia vetus, secundum classicum exemplar colonicum Novae Angliae, fere quadringentos homines capere poterat. Anno [[1960]], Episcopus Laurentius J. Shehan potestatem dedit ad aedificandam ecclesiam novam (quae usque adhuc stat), e granito et lapide calcareo factam, quae ab Episcopo Gualtero W. Curtis Kalendis Aprilibus anni [[1962]] dedicata est. Litteris gratulationis ab Episcopo Lori acceptis, Iubilaeum Adamantinum anno [[2009]] celebratum est. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Bridgeport|url=http://216.47.165.199/homily.10.3.09.shtml|access-date=2025-02-01}}</ref> Kalendis Octobribus, anno [[2017]], Sacellum [[Nostra Domina Fatimensis|Dominae Nostrae Fatimae]] perpetuae [[Adoratio Eucharistica|adorationi eucharisticae]] dedicatum est, quod nocte dieque semper apertum manet. mxako7925gq9g6p56svejrytuba0ily 3966943 3966825 2026-06-26T22:06:19Z IacobusAmor 1163 Categoriae carent &c. 3966943 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ecclesia Sanctae Theresiae''' est [[ecclesia]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholica Romana]] [[Trumbull (Connecticuta)|Trumbull]] in [[Dioecesis Bridgeportensis|Dioecesi Bridgeportensis]] sita. Quae ecclesia Mater Trumbullensis appellatur. Tribus milibus et centum familiis ad ecclesiam pertinentibus, maxima omnium in [[oppidum|oppido]] est. == Historia == Parochia Sanctae Teresiae die [[4 Octobris]] anno [[1934]] a Mauritio F. McAuliffe, Episcopo Hartfordiensi, condita est. Conscius necessitatum spiritualium incolarum Trumbullensis, episcopus ecclesiam Sanctae Teresiae primam ecclesiam Catholicam in oppido fecit, eamque in honorem [[Teresia Lexoviensis|Teresiae Lexoviensis]], Floris Parvi Iesu, dedicavit. Episcopus McAuliffe ecclesiam originalem parvam albamque die [[22 Septembris]] anno [[1935]] dedicavit. Ecclesia vetus, secundum classicum [[Nova Anglia|Novae Angliae]] exemplar colonicum, fere quadringentos homines capere poterat. Anno [[1960]], Episcopus Laurentius J. Shehan potestatem dedit ad aedificandam ecclesiam novam (quae usque adhuc stat), e [[granitum|granito]] et [[lapis calcareus|lapide calcareo]] factam, quae ab Episcopo Gualtero W. Curtis Kalendis Aprilibus anni [[1962]] dedicata est. Litteris gratulationis ab Episcopo Lori acceptis, iubilaeum adamantinum anno [[2009]] celebratum est.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Bridgeport|url=http://216.47.165.199/homily.10.3.09.shtml|access-date=2025-02-01}}.</ref> Kalendis Octobribus, anno [[2017]], Sacellum [[Nostra Domina Fatimensis|Dominae Nostrae Fatimae]] perpetuae [[Adoratio Eucharistica|adorationi eucharisticae]] dedicatum est, quod nocte dieque semper apertum manet. ==Notae== <references/> {{dubcat}} rzrvdjh57hx314xsip82tm5ibhop9to 3966945 3966943 2026-06-26T23:32:35Z Bartholomite 116968 3966945 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:St. Theresa Church Trumbull CT.jpg|thumb|Ecclesia Sanctae Theresiae]] [[Fasciculus:Church Altar.jpg|thumb|Ecclesiae altar]] {{res|Ecclesia Sanctae Theresiae}} est [[ecclesia]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholica Romana]] [[Trumbull (Connecticuta)|Trumbull]] in [[Dioecesis Bridgeportensis|Dioecesi Bridgeportensis]] sita. Quae ecclesia Mater Trumbullensis appellatur. Tribus milibus et centum familiis ad ecclesiam pertinentibus, maxima omnium in [[oppidum|oppido]] est. == Historia == Parochia Sanctae Teresiae die [[4 Octobris]] anno [[1934]] a Mauritio F. McAuliffe, Episcopo Hartfordiensi, condita est. Conscius necessitatum spiritualium incolarum Trumbullensis, episcopus ecclesiam Sanctae Teresiae primam ecclesiam Catholicam in oppido fecit, eamque in honorem [[Teresia Lexoviensis|Teresiae Lexoviensis]], Floris Parvi Iesu, dedicavit. Episcopus McAuliffe ecclesiam originalem parvam albamque die [[22 Septembris]] anno [[1935]] dedicavit. Ecclesia vetus, secundum classicum [[Nova Anglia|Novae Angliae]] exemplar colonicum, fere quadringentos homines capere poterat. Anno [[1960]], Episcopus Laurentius J. Shehan potestatem dedit ad aedificandam ecclesiam novam (quae usque adhuc stat), e [[granitum|granito]] et [[lapis calcareus|lapide calcareo]] factam, quae ab Episcopo Gualtero W. Curtis Kalendis Aprilibus anni [[1962]] dedicata est. Litteris gratulationis ab Episcopo Lori acceptis, iubilaeum adamantinum anno [[2009]] celebratum est.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Bridgeport|url=http://216.47.165.199/homily.10.3.09.shtml|access-date=2025-02-01}}.</ref> Kalendis Octobribus, anno [[2017]], Sacellum [[Nostra Domina Fatimensis|Dominae Nostrae Fatimae]] perpetuae [[Adoratio Eucharistica|adorationi eucharisticae]] dedicatum est, quod nocte dieque semper apertum manet. ==Notae== <references/> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint Theresa Church (Trumbull, Connecticut)|Ecclesiam Sanctae Theresiae}} {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Ecclesiae Civitatum Foederatarum]] 9onyvvw528nl5gjiz2w04px7106wyl5 0 325815 3966880 2026-06-26T18:28:56Z Esor Crustulorum 211384 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1240878452|Unity Burial Ground]]" 3966880 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Unity_Burial_Ground_sign.JPG|left|thumb|Signum Coemeterii Unitatis]] [[Fasciculus:Unity_Burial_Ground_1730.JPG|right|thumb|Coemeterium Unitatis anno 1730 conditum]] '''Coemeterium Unitatis''' est [[sepulcretum]] situm in fine austro-orientali Campi Albi in parte Nichols in [[Trumbull, Connecticuta]]. Situm est paulum ad septentrionem versus a loco in quo prima domus conventus in paroechia Unitatis aedificata erat, iuxta Viam Camporum Alborum. Sepulcretum anno [[1730]] conditum est. Prima sepultura ibi fuit parvi pueri septem annorum, Samuel Bennitt, anno [[1731]] ante diem XI Kalendas Iulias. Sunt plus 110 cippi, 90 saxa campestria [[Inscriptio|inscriptione]] carentia, et 241 sepulcra cognita; pleraque autem saxa prisca orientem spectant. Hoc insolitum est, cum usus communis sit saxa ad viam ponere. Novissima sepultura cognita fuit Caroli E Booth Iunioris ante diem XVI Kalendas Septembres [[1935]]. pb2ib5cm6potekyr8gu7yn75k89gsdc 3966881 3966880 2026-06-26T18:40:46Z Esor Crustulorum 211384 3966881 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Unity_Burial_Ground_sign.JPG|left|thumb|Signum Coemeterii Unitatis]] [[Fasciculus:Unity_Burial_Ground_1730.JPG|right|thumb|Coemeterium Unitatis anno 1730 conditum]] '''Coemeterium Unitatis''' est [[sepulcretum]] situm in fine austro-orientali Campi Albi in parte Nichols in [[Trumbull, Connecticuta]]. Situm est paulum ad septentrionem versus a loco in quo prima domus conventus in paroechia Unitatis aedificata erat, iuxta Viam Camporum Alborum. Sepulcretum anno [[1730]] conditum est. Prima sepultura ibi fuit parvi pueri septem annorum, Samuel Bennitt, anno [[1731]] ante diem XI Kalendas Iulias.<ref>[http://www.ctgenweb.org/county/cofairfield/pages/cemetery/cm_trmbll/trumbull_unity.htm Unity Burying-Place, Trumbull, Fairfield Co., CT.]</ref><ref>Orcutt, Vol. 2 p. 1019</ref> Sunt plus 110 cippi, 90 saxa campestria [[Inscriptio|inscriptione]] carentia, et 241 sepulcra cognita; pleraque autem saxa prisca orientem spectant. Hoc insolitum est, cum usus communis sit saxa ad viam ponere.<ref>They Face the Rising Sun, E. Merrill Beach, Pequot Press, 1971, pages 1-5.</ref> Novissima sepultura cognita fuit Caroli E Booth Iunioris ante diem XVI Kalendas Septembres [[1935]]. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == * Reverend Samuel Orcutt, [https://archive.org/stream/ahistoryoldtown01conngoog#page/n5/mode/2up A History of the Old Town of Stratford and the City of Bridgeport, Connecticut, Volume 2], Fairfield Historical Society, 1886 jr2ks6smhahudr4774lzykenzj51yf2 3966882 3966881 2026-06-26T18:43:47Z Esor Crustulorum 211384 3966882 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Unity_Burial_Ground_sign.JPG|left|thumb|Signum Coemeterii Unitatis]] [[Fasciculus:Unity_Burial_Ground_1730.JPG|right|thumb|Coemeterium Unitatis anno 1730 conditum]] '''Coemeterium Unitatis''' est [[sepulcretum]] situm in fine austro-orientali Campi Albi in parte Nichols in [[Trumbull, Connecticuta]]. Situm est paulum ad septentrionem versus a loco in quo prima domus conventus in paroechia Unitatis aedificata erat, iuxta Viam Camporum Alborum. Sepulcretum anno [[1730]] conditum est. Prima sepultura ibi fuit parvi pueri septem annorum, Samuel Bennitt, anno [[1731]] ante diem XI Kalendas Iulias.<ref>[http://www.ctgenweb.org/county/cofairfield/pages/cemetery/cm_trmbll/trumbull_unity.htm Unity Burying-Place, Trumbull, Fairfield Co., CT.]</ref><ref>Orcutt, Vol. 2 p. 1019</ref> Sunt plus 110 cippi, 90 saxa campestria [[Inscriptio|inscriptione]] carentia, et 241 sepulcra cognita; pleraque autem saxa prisca orientem spectant. Hoc insolitum est, cum usus communis sit saxa ad viam ponere.<ref>They Face the Rising Sun, E. Merrill Beach, Pequot Press, 1971, pages 1-5.</ref> Novissima sepultura cognita fuit Caroli E Booth Iunioris ante diem XVI Kalendas Septembres anno [[1935]]. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == * Reverend Samuel Orcutt, [https://archive.org/stream/ahistoryoldtown01conngoog#page/n5/mode/2up A History of the Old Town of Stratford and the City of Bridgeport, Connecticut, Volume 2], Fairfield Historical Society, 1886 qfzpzjwhtxrllyk2woswxfjenswvl84 3966979 3966882 2026-06-27T05:34:24Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Vicificanda|Vicificanda]]}} 3966979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Unity_Burial_Ground_sign.JPG|left|thumb|Signum Coemeterii Unitatis]] [[Fasciculus:Unity_Burial_Ground_1730.JPG|right|thumb|Coemeterium Unitatis anno 1730 conditum]] '''Coemeterium Unitatis''' est [[sepulcretum]] situm in fine austro-orientali Campi Albi in parte Nichols in [[Trumbull, Connecticuta]]. Situm est paulum ad septentrionem versus a loco in quo prima domus conventus in paroechia Unitatis aedificata erat, iuxta Viam Camporum Alborum. Sepulcretum anno [[1730]] conditum est. Prima sepultura ibi fuit parvi pueri septem annorum, Samuel Bennitt, anno [[1731]] ante diem XI Kalendas Iulias.<ref>[http://www.ctgenweb.org/county/cofairfield/pages/cemetery/cm_trmbll/trumbull_unity.htm Unity Burying-Place, Trumbull, Fairfield Co., CT.]</ref><ref>Orcutt, Vol. 2 p. 1019</ref> Sunt plus 110 cippi, 90 saxa campestria [[Inscriptio|inscriptione]] carentia, et 241 sepulcra cognita; pleraque autem saxa prisca orientem spectant. Hoc insolitum est, cum usus communis sit saxa ad viam ponere.<ref>They Face the Rising Sun, E. Merrill Beach, Pequot Press, 1971, pages 1-5.</ref> Novissima sepultura cognita fuit Caroli E Booth Iunioris ante diem XVI Kalendas Septembres anno [[1935]]. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == * Reverend Samuel Orcutt, [https://archive.org/stream/ahistoryoldtown01conngoog#page/n5/mode/2up A History of the Old Town of Stratford and the City of Bridgeport, Connecticut, Volume 2], Fairfield Historical Society, 1886 ee6o0ld2lbilmg7lygc9zqchiieirf6 0 325816 3966884 2026-06-26T19:00:09Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3966884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Rapey, Mairie.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Rapey: [[vici conciliabulum]].]] {{res|Rapey}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 24 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Rapey|Rapey}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] fv1scngf8ngh6xf79528kf1xjqhk7nd 1 325817 3966885 2026-06-26T19:01:30Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3966885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Rapey|237278138}} kwvqcet79h2jnyfzpujqdcuvim6z6nn 0 325818 3966889 2026-06-26T19:41:19Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Saadi]] 3966889 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Saadi]] s212kzbgxs0ii1czbw19cn9majf2yyp 0 325819 3966891 2026-06-26T19:44:52Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Jami]] 3966891 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Jami]] behmwr7r0m13xnlkvnnr5uj8c8wv5ti 0 325820 3966895 2026-06-26T19:48:52Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Firdusius]] 3966895 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Firdusius]] 05tnnuyasjfwu9erl1aczqdq2fwqz7s 0 325821 3966907 2026-06-26T20:06:52Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Shirin Ebadi]] 3966907 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Shirin Ebadi]] s66p80aqqtdehy38b5r3m3mxl6gp6wf 0 325822 3966910 2026-06-26T20:26:34Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3966910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Raon-sur-Plaine, Église Saint-Mansuy.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Raon-sur-Plaine: via ad [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesiam]] [[Sanctus Mansuetus|Sancti Mansueti]] dicatam.]] {{res|Raon-sur-Plaine}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 135 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Civis notabilis == * [[Alphonsus Antoine]] (1890–1969), dux exercitus Francici, pugnator resistentiae, et peritus communicationum, hic natus est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Raon-sur-Plaine|Raon-sur-Plaine}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] phpb062zi9t9ts4ndkr4i8ngsqfritd 1 325823 3966911 2026-06-26T20:28:07Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3966911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Raon-sur-Plaine|237278135}} 4vqyobecpea094cgtswa33h4fgl54zl 0 325824 3966914 2026-06-26T20:38:34Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 . 3966914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} '''Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus''',<ref>“Cum Xogun mandasset plurimos Christianos in Iendo affici supplicio, versabatur in eius aula Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus”; Ioannes Giram, Mutius Vitellescus, ''Historia laponensis anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Moguntiae, 1628): 29 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettera_annua_del_Giappone_dell_anno_162/hzwxyhoUHjoC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Yoxinobus&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover].</ref> sive '''Ioxinobu Xataquedone''',<ref>“Anno 1623, sæniente adeò in Christianos Xoguno, erat in eodem palatio Ioxinobu Xataquedone Regni Deuani Toparcha”; ''Litterae Annuae Iaponiae Anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Dilingae, 1628): 52 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=deuani&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover].</ref> vel '''Sataquedonus'''<ref>Iulius Cordara, ''Historiae Societatis Jesu pars sexta, complectens res gestas sub Mutio Vitellescho'' (Romae, 1750): 405 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_Societatis_Jesu_pars_sexta_com/HSTpfEfoAkEC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Sataquedonus&pg=PA405&printsec=frontcover].</ref> ([[Iaponice]] 佐竹 義宣 ''Satake Yoshinobu,'' natus [[17 Augusti]] [[1570]]; mortuus [[5 Martii]] [[1633]]), fuit [[daimyo]] atque dux militum [[Iaponia|Iaponensis]]. == Biographia == Filius primogenitus [[Samuraeus|samuraei]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Satake Yoshishige||ja|qid=Q1133798}} fuit;<ref name=":0">Franciscus Iosephus Schütte, ''Monumenta historica Japoniae I: Textus catalogorum Japoniae aliaeque de personis domibusque S.J. in Japonia informationes et relationes, 1549-1654'' (Romae, 1975): 930 [https://archive.org/details/mhsi111/page/930/mode/2up?q=Satake].</ref> mater erat filia ducis militaris {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Date Harumune||ja|qid=Q5227524}}, qui [[avus]] [[Idates Massamunes|Idatis Massamunis]] fuit, igitur Yoxinobus erat [[Cosinus (familia)|cosinus]] Massamunis. Anno 1589 dux familiae Satake factus est, atque primus daimyo regionis [[Cubota|Cubotae]] fuit. Foedus cum [[Quambacus|quambaco]] [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] (postea Taicosama) in obsidione apud Odawara fecit. Xadaquedonus fuit inter duces exerciti optimissimos quambaci, cum [[Ieiasus|Tokugawa Ieiaso]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Maeda Toshiie||ja|qid=Q1196817}}, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Shimazu Yoshihiro||ja|qid=Q1156288}}, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Mōri Terumoto||ja|qid=Q1142657}}, ac {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Uiesuqui Caguecatsu||ja|qid=Q1376605}}, (qui [[Diadochi Taicosamae|diadochi]] Taiconis fuerunt). Ante {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proelium in campo Sekigahara|proelio in campo Sekigahara|ja|qid=Q234188}}, Xadaquedonus possidebat feudum in provinciis Hitachi, Kazusa atque Shimōsa.<ref name=":0" /> Mortuo Taicosama, Yoxinobus foedus cum [[Gibunoscius|Gibunoscio]] (iam daimyo Taiconis) ante proelium apud Sekigahara fecit, igitur punitus est a victore Ieiaso, novo xoguno Iaponiae, qui eum misit in dominio Cubotae, in [[provincia Deuana]]. Anno 1603, Xadaquedonus in dominio Cubotae pervenit atque seditionem [[Ronini|roninorum]] in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Onodera Yoshimichi||ja|qid=Q7094442}}, fidelium vicit. Post cladem anteriorem, Yoxinobus [[Familia Toyotomi|familiam Toyotomi]] prodidit quia pro [[Tokugawa Bakufu|nova rectione Tokugawarum]] pugnavit in [[obsidione Ozacae]], atque impetum fecit in duces [[Fideyorius|Fideyorii]] ut [[Kimura Shigenari]] ac [[Gotō Matabei]]. Yoxinobus Shōdō-in, filiam Nasu Suketane, uxorem duxit. Post eam mortem novum coniugium iniit cum filia domini Tagaya Shigetsune, e dominio [[Shimotsuma]]. In dominio Cubotae, Xadaquedono duce, [[martyres]] [[Christiani]] persecuti sunt, exempli causa Ludovicus Tarolus (vel Tarogi) atque Matthaeus Xigyemon (sive Xichiemon), qui [[Percussio securi|obtruncati]] sunt anno 1624, atque Monica (ut videtur ipsa ''Nixinomarundono'' apud fontes [[Italice|Italicas]], e titulo 西の丸殿, ''Nishi-no-Maru-dono''),<ref>''Lettere annue del Giappone dell'anno MDCXXII e della Cina del 1621 & 1622 al molto Rev. in Christo P. Mutio Vitelleschi, Preposito Generale della Compagnia di Giesu'' (Romae, 1627): 148 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettere_annue_del_Giappone_dell_anno_MDC/7jCJOKeVr1wC?hl=it&gbpv=1]. {{Ling|Italice}}</ref> [[ancilla]] secundae uxoris Yoxinobi, quae decollata est eodem anno.<ref>''Litterae Annuae Iaponiae Anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Dilingae, 1628): 55 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_annuae_Japoniae_anni_1624_ex_it/oyVVAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=tarogi+xichiemon&pg=PA55&printsec=frontcover].</ref><ref>Sebastianus Cramoisy et Franciscus Solier, ''Histoire ecclesiastique des isles et royaumes du Iapon'' (Lutetiae, 1629): 817 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Histoire_ecclesiastique_des_isles_et_roy/LIlcUeRqp9QC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=xataquedono&pg=PA817&printsec=frontcover]. {{Ling|Francogallice}}</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Satake Yoshinobu|Yoxinobum Xadaquedonum}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1593|1615}} [[Categoria:Incolae Iaponiae]] ccjc6yhf2uyq9bxg8rmmhpmoqkxnwtb 3966980 3966914 2026-06-27T05:37:45Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3966980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus}},<ref>“Cum Xogun mandasset plurimos Christianos in Iendo affici supplicio, versabatur in eius aula Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus”; Ioannes Giram, Mutius Vitellescus, ''Historia laponensis anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Moguntiae, 1628): 29 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettera_annua_del_Giappone_dell_anno_162/hzwxyhoUHjoC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Yoxinobus&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover].</ref> sive {{res|Ioxinobu Xataquedone}},<ref>“Anno 1623, sæniente adeò in Christianos Xoguno, erat in eodem palatio Ioxinobu Xataquedone Regni Deuani Toparcha”; ''Litterae Annuae Iaponiae Anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Dilingae, 1628): 52 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=deuani&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover].</ref> vel {{res|Sataquedonus}}<ref>Iulius Cordara, ''Historiae Societatis Jesu pars sexta, complectens res gestas sub Mutio Vitellescho'' (Romae, 1750): 405 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_Societatis_Jesu_pars_sexta_com/HSTpfEfoAkEC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Sataquedonus&pg=PA405&printsec=frontcover].</ref> ([[Iaponice]] 佐竹 義宣 ''Satake Yoshinobu,'' natus [[17 Augusti]] [[1570]]; mortuus [[5 Martii]] [[1633]]), fuit [[daimyo]] atque dux militum [[Iaponia|Iaponensis]]. == Biographia == Filius primogenitus [[Samuraeus|samuraei]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Satake Yoshishige||ja|qid=Q1133798}} fuit;<ref name=":0">Franciscus Iosephus Schütte, ''Monumenta historica Japoniae I: Textus catalogorum Japoniae aliaeque de personis domibusque S.J. in Japonia informationes et relationes, 1549-1654'' (Romae, 1975): 930 [https://archive.org/details/mhsi111/page/930/mode/2up?q=Satake].</ref> mater erat filia ducis militaris {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Date Harumune||ja|qid=Q5227524}}, qui [[avus]] [[Idates Massamunes|Idatis Massamunis]] fuit, igitur Yoxinobus erat [[Cosinus (familia)|cosinus]] Massamunis. Anno 1589 dux familiae Satake factus est, atque primus daimyo regionis [[Cubota|Cubotae]] fuit. Foedus cum [[Quambacus|quambaco]] [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] (postea Taicosama) in obsidione apud Odawara fecit. Xadaquedonus fuit inter duces exerciti optimissimos quambaci, cum [[Ieiasus|Tokugawa Ieiaso]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Maeda Toshiie||ja|qid=Q1196817}}, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Shimazu Yoshihiro||ja|qid=Q1156288}}, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Mōri Terumoto||ja|qid=Q1142657}}, ac {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Uiesuqui Caguecatsu||ja|qid=Q1376605}}, (qui [[Diadochi Taicosamae|diadochi]] Taiconis fuerunt). Ante {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proelium in campo Sekigahara|proelio in campo Sekigahara|ja|qid=Q234188}}, Xadaquedonus possidebat feudum in provinciis Hitachi, Kazusa atque Shimōsa.<ref name=":0" /> Mortuo Taicosama, Yoxinobus foedus cum [[Gibunoscius|Gibunoscio]] (iam daimyo Taiconis) ante proelium apud Sekigahara fecit, igitur punitus est a victore Ieiaso, novo xoguno Iaponiae, qui eum misit in dominio Cubotae, in [[provincia Deuana]]. Anno 1603, Xadaquedonus in dominio Cubotae pervenit atque seditionem [[Ronini|roninorum]] in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Onodera Yoshimichi||ja|qid=Q7094442}}, fidelium vicit. Post cladem anteriorem, Yoxinobus [[Familia Toyotomi|familiam Toyotomi]] prodidit quia pro [[Tokugawa Bakufu|nova rectione Tokugawarum]] pugnavit in [[obsidione Ozacae]], atque impetum fecit in duces [[Fideyorius|Fideyorii]] ut [[Kimura Shigenari]] ac [[Gotō Matabei]]. Yoxinobus Shōdō-in, filiam Nasu Suketane, uxorem duxit. Post eam mortem novum coniugium iniit cum filia domini Tagaya Shigetsune, e dominio [[Shimotsuma]]. In dominio Cubotae, Xadaquedono duce, [[martyres]] [[Christiani]] persecuti sunt, exempli causa Ludovicus Tarolus (vel Tarogi) atque Matthaeus Xigyemon (sive Xichiemon), qui [[Percussio securi|obtruncati]] sunt anno 1624, atque Monica (ut videtur ipsa ''Nixinomarundono'' apud fontes [[Italice|Italicas]], e titulo 西の丸殿, ''Nishi-no-Maru-dono''),<ref>''Lettere annue del Giappone dell'anno MDCXXII e della Cina del 1621 & 1622 al molto Rev. in Christo P. Mutio Vitelleschi, Preposito Generale della Compagnia di Giesu'' (Romae, 1627): 148 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettere_annue_del_Giappone_dell_anno_MDC/7jCJOKeVr1wC?hl=it&gbpv=1]. {{Ling|Italice}}</ref> [[ancilla]] secundae uxoris Yoxinobi, quae decollata est eodem anno.<ref>''Litterae Annuae Iaponiae Anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Dilingae, 1628): 55 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_annuae_Japoniae_anni_1624_ex_it/oyVVAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=tarogi+xichiemon&pg=PA55&printsec=frontcover].</ref><ref>Sebastianus Cramoisy et Franciscus Solier, ''Histoire ecclesiastique des isles et royaumes du Iapon'' (Lutetiae, 1629): 817 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Histoire_ecclesiastique_des_isles_et_roy/LIlcUeRqp9QC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=xataquedono&pg=PA817&printsec=frontcover]. {{Ling|Francogallice}}</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Satake Yoshinobu|Yoxinobum Xadaquedonum}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1593|1615}} [[Categoria:Incolae Iaponiae]] t2ybqdzabbkszeez8b3aq1ew147j6s3 0 325825 3966915 2026-06-26T20:40:48Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 , 3966915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Disnomen}} {{Nomen|genus=Masculinum|origo=Iaponica|significatio="qui gloriam extendit" et aliae|imago=Tokugawa Yoshinobu by oil painting.jpg|capitulum=[[Ioxinobus Tokugawa]], ultimus xogun dynastiae Tokugawarum}} '''Ioxinobus''',<ref>“[...] licet tota civitas Cubota, ipse etiam Tonus '''Ioxinobus''' omni conatu contenderent, id sibi persuadere, non tamen se vel latum unguem à fide Christi abscessurum”; Ioannes Giram, Mutius Vitellescus, ''Historia laponensis anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Moguntiae, 1628): 30 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettera_annua_del_Giappone_dell_anno_162/hzwxyhoUHjoC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Yoxinobus&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover].</ref> seu '''Yoxinobus''',<ref>“Cum Xogun mandasset plurimos Christianos in Iendo affici supplicio, versabatur in eius aula Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus”; Ioannes Giram, Mutius Vitellescus, ''Historia laponensis anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Moguntiae, 1628): 29 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettera_annua_del_Giappone_dell_anno_162/hzwxyhoUHjoC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Yoxinobus&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover].</ref> sive '''Ioxinobu'''<ref>“Anno 1623, sæniente adeò in Christianos Xoguno, erat in eodem palatio Ioxinobu Xataquedone Regni Deuani Toparcha”; ''Litterae Annuae Iaponiae Anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Dilingae, 1628): 52 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=deuani&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (indeclinabile), vulgo ''Yoshinobu'', est [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Iaponice|Iaponicum]] (in alphabeto [[hiragana]] よしのぶ scriptum).<ref name=":0" /> Inter varias uniones, praenomen e [[kanji]] 栄 (''yoshi'', id est 'gloria'), seu 吉 (''yoshi'', id est 'bona fortuna') atque 伸 (''nobu'', 'extendere) derivatur.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. "[https://www.behindthename.com/name/yoshinobu Yoshinobu]". {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Homines == * [[Ioxinobus Ishii]] * [[Ioxinobus Minowa]] * {{Creanda|ja|武田義信|Takeda Yoxinobus}}, filius Takedae Xinguen * {{Creanda|ja|徳川慶喜|Ioxinobus Tokugawa}} * [[Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus]] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] altl0doorw7evuwlda0otm47osiwing 3966936 3966915 2026-06-26T21:15:38Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 3966936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Disnomen}} {{Nomen|genus=Masculinum|origo=Iaponica|significatio="qui gloriam extendit" et aliae|imago=Tokugawa Yoshinobu by oil painting.jpg|capitulum=[[Ioxinobus Tokugawa]], ultimus xogun dynastiae Tokugawarum}} '''Ioxinobus''',<ref>“[...] licet tota civitas Cubota, ipse etiam Tonus '''Ioxinobus''' omni conatu contenderent, id sibi persuadere, non tamen se vel latum unguem à fide Christi abscessurum”; Ioannes Giram, Mutius Vitellescus, ''Historia laponensis anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Moguntiae, 1628): 30 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettera_annua_del_Giappone_dell_anno_162/hzwxyhoUHjoC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Yoxinobus&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover].</ref> seu '''Yoxinobus''',<ref>“Cum Xogun mandasset plurimos Christianos in Iendo affici supplicio, versabatur in eius aula Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus”; Ioannes Giram, Mutius Vitellescus, ''Historia laponensis anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Moguntiae, 1628): 29 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettera_annua_del_Giappone_dell_anno_162/hzwxyhoUHjoC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Yoxinobus&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover].</ref> sive '''Ioxinobu'''<ref>“Anno 1623, sæniente adeò in Christianos Xoguno, erat in eodem palatio Ioxinobu Xataquedone Regni Deuani Toparcha”; ''Litterae Annuae Iaponiae Anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Dilingae, 1628): 52 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=deuani&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (indeclinabile), vulgo ''Yoshinobu'', est [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Iaponice|Iaponicum]] (in alphabeto [[hiragana]] よしのぶ scriptum).<ref name=":0" /> Inter varias uniones, praenomen e [[kanji]] 栄 (''yoshi'', id est 'gloria'), seu 吉 (''yoshi'', id est 'bona fortuna') atque 伸 (''nobu'', 'extendere') derivatur.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. "[https://www.behindthename.com/name/yoshinobu Yoshinobu]". {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Homines == * [[Ioxinobus Ishii]] * [[Ioxinobus Minowa]] * {{Creanda|ja|武田義信|Takeda Yoxinobus}}, filius Takedae Xinguen * {{Creanda|ja|徳川慶喜|Ioxinobus Tokugawa}} * [[Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus]] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] as4om45cjzuo67iahtsnja5emt7a2ad 0 325826 3966916 2026-06-26T20:41:19Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Ioxinobus]] 3966916 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ioxinobus]] [[Categoria:Nominum redirectiones]] rw549i83efdh0k78xhyca6mhhk9qsmu 0 325827 3966917 2026-06-26T20:41:32Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Ioxinobus]] 3966917 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ioxinobus]] [[Categoria:Nominum redirectiones]] rw549i83efdh0k78xhyca6mhhk9qsmu 0 325828 3966918 2026-06-26T20:41:59Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Ioxinobus]] 3966918 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ioxinobus]] [[Categoria:Nominum redirectiones]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Iaponica]] ij1cunmadcag24vunebkylty68ryoox 0 325829 3966919 2026-06-26T20:42:39Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus]] 3966919 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus]] r7j1ibbts2ifbcizbjuvs4bogharqy1 0 325830 3966920 2026-06-26T20:42:55Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus]] 3966920 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus]] r7j1ibbts2ifbcizbjuvs4bogharqy1 0 325831 3966921 2026-06-26T20:43:18Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus]] 3966921 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus]] r7j1ibbts2ifbcizbjuvs4bogharqy1 0 325832 3966923 2026-06-26T20:48:59Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Mishima Yukio]] 3966923 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mishima Yukio]] jtw7d0bxcgnzly0qh20px4c4vk2f4e2 0 325833 3966925 2026-06-26T20:57:27Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Yukio Goto]] 3966925 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yukio Goto]] 9m624mjovf4sb8srghqma727trqixys 0 325834 3966926 2026-06-26T20:57:44Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Hatoyama Yukio]] 3966926 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Hatoyama Yukio]] 5qcfq1d72vqkbpmbfe1o3txechjda5r 0 325835 3966927 2026-06-26T20:58:00Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Yukio Shimomura]] 3966927 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yukio Shimomura]] 0a1hfw5ktd1zuoaowqxh8s736o52vs5 0 325836 3966928 2026-06-26T20:58:13Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Yukio Tsuda]] 3966928 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yukio Tsuda]] 8m3u3e11oj8fugrhu1zslkkfyhzlibg 0 325837 3966929 2026-06-26T20:58:39Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 . 3966929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Disnomen}} {{Nomen|genus=Masculinum|origo=Iaponica|significatio="heros felicitatis" et aliae|imago=Hashi-Yukio-2.jpg|capitulum=[[Yukius Hashi]], actor et cantor Iaponicus}} '''Yukius''',<ref>{{Opus|cognomen 1=Ciarrocchi|nomen 1=Victorius|titulus=DE YUKIO MISHIMA (14.01.1925 - 25.11.1970)|annus=2005|domus editoria=Ephemeris|url=http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2005/biographiae/mishima/index.php}}: “Etiam aliqui homines litterarum Iaponicarum parum aut nihilum docti forsitan quis fuerit Kimitakus Hiraoka, cui nomen vulgatius '''Yukius Mishima''', haud ignorent”.</ref> vulgo ''Yukio'', est [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Iaponice|Iaponicum]] (in alphabeto [[hiragana]] よしのぶ scriptum).<ref name=":0" /> Inter varias uniones, praenomen e [[kanji]] 幸 (''yuki'', id est 'felicitas'), atque 雄 (''o'', 'heros') sive 男 (''o'', 'vir') derivatur.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. "[https://www.behindthename.com/name/yukio Yukio]". {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Homines == * {{Creanda|ja|枝野幸男|Yukius Edano}} * [[Yukius Goto]] * {{Creanda|ja|橋幸夫|Yukius Hashi}} * [[Yukius Hatoyama]] * [[Yukius Mishima]] * [[Yukius Shimomura]] * [[Yukius Tsuda]] == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[5513 Yukio]], asteroides [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] 75v89jha52jovnv782hn0ji2sd3rtiu 3966931 3966929 2026-06-26T21:00:26Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 3966931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Disnomen}} {{Nomen|genus=Masculinum|origo=Iaponica|significatio="heros felicitatis" et aliae|imago=Hashi-Yukio-2.jpg|capitulum=[[Yukius Hashi]], actor et cantor Iaponicus}} '''Yukius''',<ref>{{Opus|cognomen 1=Ciarrocchi|nomen 1=Victorius|titulus=DE YUKIO MISHIMA (14.01.1925 - 25.11.1970)|annus=2005|domus editoria=Ephemeris|url=http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2005/biographiae/mishima/index.php}}: “Etiam aliqui homines litterarum Iaponicarum parum aut nihilum docti forsitan quis fuerit Kimitakus Hiraoka, cui nomen vulgatius '''Yukius Mishima''', haud ignorent”.</ref> vulgo ''Yukio'', est [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Iaponice|Iaponicum]] (in alphabeto [[hiragana]] ゆきお scriptum).<ref name=":0" /> Inter varias uniones, praenomen e [[kanji]] 幸 (''yuki'', id est 'felicitas'), atque 雄 (''o'', 'heros') sive 男 (''o'', 'vir') derivatur.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. "[https://www.behindthename.com/name/yukio Yukio]". {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Homines == * {{Creanda|ja|枝野幸男|Yukius Edano}} * [[Yukius Goto]] * {{Creanda|ja|橋幸夫|Yukius Hashi}} * [[Yukius Hatoyama]] * [[Yukius Mishima]] * [[Yukius Shimomura]] * [[Yukius Tsuda]] == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[5513 Yukio]], asteroides [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] 8tw605b3mqjxebtovjgmcy8yyj70qtj 0 325838 3966930 2026-06-26T20:59:02Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Yukius]] 3966930 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yukius]] [[Categoria:Nominum redirectiones]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Iaponica]] ogiovqug9l450kofnh536x7htoz4iaq 0 325839 3966932 2026-06-26T21:01:30Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3966932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Raon-l'Etape-Eglise Saint-Luc (2).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Rapo ad Stationem: via ad [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesiam]] [[Sanctus Lucas|Sancto Lucae]] dicata.]] {{res|Rapo ad Stationem}} seu '''Rado''' seu '''Ravonum'''<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 236.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Raon-l'Étape'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:5886}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Cives notabiles == * [[Iosephus Iulianus Souhait]] (1759-1842), causidicus, sodalis parlamenti, hic natus est. * [[Iacobus Mellez]] (1804-1866), medicus, qui bona sua Officio Auxilii Publici et orphanotrophio Raponis ad Stationem legavit, civis honorarius oppidi factus, hic natus est. Valetudinarium Raponis ad Stationem nomen Doctoris Jacques Mellez assumpsit anno 2004. * [[Ioannes Iosephus Marchal]] (1822-1892), episcopus Catholicus, Episcopus [[Dioecesis Bellicensis-Arsensis|Bellicensis]] et postea Archiepiscopus [[Archidioecesis Bituricensis|Bituricensis]], hic natus est. * [[Paulus Descelles]] (1851-1915), pictor, hic natus est. * [[Alfredus Renaudin]] (1861-1944), pictor, La Neuveville-lès-Raon<ref>Hoc pristinum commune anno 1947 Raponi ad Stationem coniunctum est.</ref> natus est. * [[Ioannes Crouzier]] (1899-1970), politicus, hic natus est. * [[Alanus Schneider]] (1955-), cantor pro pueris, hic natus est. * [[Alain Devaquet]] (1942-2018), chemicus et politicus, hic natus est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Raon-l'Étape|Raponem ad Stationem}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] hn2ms5zu818grd5q2f69kr7cn2ecdyi 0 325840 3966933 2026-06-26T21:01:43Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Mishima Yukio]] 3966933 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mishima Yukio]] jtw7d0bxcgnzly0qh20px4c4vk2f4e2 1 325841 3966934 2026-06-26T21:04:32Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3966934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Raon-l'Étape|237367455}} qwd3ulbeqfhj6kywwywu51840l63qfo 0 325842 3966938 2026-06-26T21:17:52Z ~2026-36983-83 211443 Redirigens ad [[Madame]] 3966938 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Madame]] 8o925hbt43d69btrwptgfs6bsyeou8w 0 325843 3966939 2026-06-26T21:18:58Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3966939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Raon-aux-Bois, Eglise Saint-Amé2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Rapo ad Silvas: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Amatus|Sancto Amato]] dicata.]] {{res|Rapo ad Silvas}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 236.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Raon-aux-Bois'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:1202}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Cives notabiles == * [[Claudius Iosephus Ferry]] (1756-1845), legatus ad Conventum Nationalem, hic natus est. * [[Iulianus Absalon]] (1980-), ciclista in birota montana trans campum, hic crevit. * [[Remigius Absalon]] (1984-), cursor in birota montana, hic crevit. * [[Estella Vuillemin]] (1984-), ciclista, hinc oriunda est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Raon-aux-Bois|Raponem ad Silvas}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] kn0mey6oyiqatyjoitifwjls4nuhipa 1 325844 3966940 2026-06-26T21:20:29Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3966940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Raon-aux-Bois|237267567}} 4zinoueswgrh8tsx9cxihcrebncgcvt 0 325845 3966973 2026-06-27T05:26:30Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Spider-Man]] ad [[Adumbratio:Spider-Man]]: Locus opportunior 3966973 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Adumbratio:Spider-Man]] {{De hac redirectione}} 7jmx69g9zoipxjzcb3y24mcfp1g8k42 3 325846 3966977 2026-06-27T05:33:00Z Grufo 64423 {{subst:salve/s}} 3966977 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Substitutio formulae {{Salve}} secundum recensionem 3960139 hic incipit -->== Salve, Esor Crustulorum! == Gratus aut grata in Vicipaediam Latinam acciperis! Ob [[Specialis:Conlationes/Esor Crustulorum|contributa tua]] gratias agimus speramusque te delectari posse et manere velle. Cum nostra Vicipaedia parva humilisque sit, paucae et exiguae sunt paginae auxilii, a quibus hortamur te ut incipias: * [[Vicipaedia:Praefatio|Ops nexusque usoribus novis]] ({{Nexus ad alias linguas de opibus nexibusque pro usoribus novis}}) * [[Vicipaedia:De orthographia|De orthographia]] ({{Nexus ad alias linguas de fontibus nominum Latinorum}}) * [[Usor:Iustinus/Translator's Guide|Enchiridion interpretis]] ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]] scriptum) * [[Vicipaedia:Taberna|Taberna]] * [[Lexica Neolatina]] * [[Vicipaedia:Lexica Latina interretialia|Lexica Latina interretialia]] * [[Vicipaedia:Fontes nominum Latinorum|Fontes nominum Latinorum]] ({{Nexus ad alias linguas de orthographia}}) * [[Vicipaedia:Fontes nominum locorum|Fontes nominum geographicorum]] * [[Vicipaedia:Index formularum|Index formularum]] Si plura de [[mos|moribus]] et institutis Vicipaedianis scire vis, tibi suademus, roges in nostra [[Vicipaedia:Taberna|Taberna]], vel roges unum ex [[Vicipaedia:Magistratus|magistratibus]] directe. In paginis encyclopaedicis mos noster non est nomen dare, sed in paginis disputationis memento editis tuis nomen [[Vicipaedia:Subscriptio|subscribere]], litteris impressis <code>--~~<nowiki />~~</code>, quibus insertis nomen tuum et dies apparebit. Quamquam vero in paginis ipsis nisi lingua Latina uti non licet, in paginis disputationum qualibet lingua scribi solet. Quodsi quid interrogare velis, vel [[Vicipaedia:Taberna|Taberna]] vel [[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|pagina disputationis mea]] tibi patebit. Ave! Spero te “Vicipaedianum” aut “Vicipaedianam” fieri velle!<!-- Substitutio formulae {{Salve}} hic finit --> --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 05:32, 27 Iunii 2026 (UTC) 7yjivud8k1imcirf6ahmbell3njxi5w 1 325847 3966988 2026-06-27T08:37:57Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Huic contributa est|Huic contributa est]]}} 3966988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Huic contributa est|Res gestae (Ammianus)|2026-06-07 14:24:15|3955314|3963844|3963853}} b601lefdrygn4h5pi42hdg4x4fvuof2 0 325848 3966997 2026-06-27T11:39:35Z LilyKitty 18316 Paginam instituit, scribens '[[Fasciculus:M 7.2 - 24 km ENE of San Felipe, Venezuela.png|thumb|Primus terrae motus magnus Venetiolani magnitudine 7.2 die 24 Iunii 2026]] [[Fasciculus:M 7.5 - 23 km SE of Yumare, Venezuela.png|thumb|Secundus teerae motus magnus Venetiolani magnitudine 7.5 die 24 Inii 2026]] '''Terrae motus Venetiolanus anni 2026''' est series [[terrae motus|terrae motorum]] magnorum quae die [[24 Iunii]] [[2026]] in regione septemtrionali et centrali [[Venetiola]] fit, prumu...' 3966997 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:M 7.2 - 24 km ENE of San Felipe, Venezuela.png|thumb|Primus terrae motus magnus Venetiolani magnitudine 7.2 die 24 Iunii 2026]] [[Fasciculus:M 7.5 - 23 km SE of Yumare, Venezuela.png|thumb|Secundus teerae motus magnus Venetiolani magnitudine 7.5 die 24 Inii 2026]] '''Terrae motus Venetiolanus anni 2026''' est series [[terrae motus|terrae motorum]] magnorum quae die [[24 Iunii]] [[2026]] in regione septemtrionali et centrali [[Venetiola]] fit, prumus [[scala Richteriana|magnitudine]] 7.2 in Yaracuy deinde secundus motus magnitudine 7.5 fuit, a quo plus quam 920 homines necati<ref>[https://https://www.dw.com/en/venezuela-earthquakes-search-intensifies-for-hundreds-trapped/live-77699720 Venezuela earthquake: Race to save those trapped]</ref> et plus multos homines [[vulnus|vulnera]] sunt, atque plus quam 14,000 homines iam dispariti sunt ratione hae calamitatis.<ref>[https://reuter.com/buisiness/environment/thousands-fread-dead-after-two-major-earthquakes-strikes-venezuela-2026-6-25/ Venezuela races to rescue hundreds trapped in rubble after major twin earthquakes]</ref> [[Delicia Rodríguez]] praeses temporaria Venetiola stutum emergentiae cum [[lex militaris|lege militari]] declavit. Communitas internationalis sicut [[Unio Europaea]] et [[Nationes Unitae]]<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/25/Venezuela-earthquakes-live-two-powrful-quakes-shake-a-american-country Venezuela earthquakes updates:At least 188 killed, 1.500 injured]</ref> [[auxilium humanitarium]] dare opus dixit cum [[solidaritas|solidaritate]]. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|2026 Velezela earthquakes|Terrae motus Venetiolanus anni 2026}} [[Categoria:Venetiola]] [[Categoria:Terrae motus]] [[Categoria:2026]] 2hlmso3dmovsldifmjn3i31ii7fpb1q 3966999 3966997 2026-06-27T11:56:39Z LilyKitty 18316 corrigendum 3966999 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:M 7.2 - 24 km ENE of San Felipe, Venezuela.png|thumb|Primus terrae motus magnus Venetiolani magnitudine 7.2 die 24 Iunii 2026]] [[Fasciculus:M 7.5 - 23 km SE of Yumare, Venezuela.png|thumb|Secundus teerae motus magnus Venetiolani magnitudine 7.5 die 24 Inii 2026]] '''Terrae motus Venetiolanus anni 2026''' est series [[terrae motus|terrae motorum]] magnorum quae die [[24 Iunii]] [[2026]] in regione septemtrionali et centrali [[Venetiola]] fit, prumus [[scala Richteriana|magnitudine]] 7.2 in Yaracuy deinde secundus motus magnitudine 7.5 fuit, a quo plus quam 920 homines necati<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/venezuela-earthquakes-search-intensifies-for-hundreds-trapped/live-77699720 Venezuela earthquake: Race to save those trapped]</ref> et plus multos homines [[vulnus|vulnera]] sunt, atque plus quam 14,000 homines iam dispariti sunt ratione hae calamitatis.<ref>[https://www.reuter.com/business/environment/thousands-feared-dead-after-two-major-earthquakes-strikes-venezuela-2026-6-25/ Venezuela races to rescue hundreds trapped in rubble after major twin earthquakes]</ref> [[Delicia Rodríguez]] praeses temporaria Venetiola stutum emergentiae cum [[lex militaris|lege militari]] declavit. Communitas internationalis sicut [[Unio Europaea]] et [[Nationes Unitae]]<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/25/venezuela-earthquakes-live-two-powerful-quakes-shake-s-american-country Venezuela earthquakes updates:At least 188 killed, 1.500 injured]</ref>, civitates [[America Australis|Americae Australis]], [[America Centralis|Centralis]] et [[Civitas Vaticana]]<ref>[https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-06/pope-sends-aid-to-earthquake-struck-venezuela.html Pope Leo sends aid to earthquake-struck Venezuela]</ref> [[auxilium humanitarium]] dare opus dixit cum [[solidaritas|solidaritate]]. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|2026 Venezela earthquakes|Terrae motus Venetiolanus anni 2026}} [[Categoria:Venetiola]] [[Categoria:Terrae motus]] [[Categoria:2026]] se3j8swmxojxlq96795fo9uhtwa48pt