Vicipaedia lawiki https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Media Specialis Disputatio Usor Disputatio Usoris Vicipaedia Disputatio Vicipaediae Fasciculus Disputatio Fasciculi MediaWiki Disputatio MediaWiki Formula Disputatio Formulae Auxilium Disputatio Auxilii Categoria Disputatio Categoriae Porta Disputatio Portae Adumbratio Disputatio Adumbrationis TimedText TimedText talk Modulus Disputatio Moduli Event Event talk 0 258 3967287 3967232 2026-06-29T12:51:14Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ (1K) 3967287 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:WasatchFault.JPG|thumb|Discipuli [[Defectio Wasatchensis|Defectionem Wasatchensem]]<!--Wasatch Fault--> prope [[Urbs Lacus Salsi|Urbem Lacus Salsi]] [[Uta]]e investigant.]] '''Geologia'''<ref>Vocabulum quod [[Ulysses Aldrovandus]] in testamento suo anno 1603 scripto primus invenit, quibusdam documentis suis "Geologia aut De fossilibus" ibi rubricatis: vide C. E. N. Bromehead, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/sdfe/pdf/download/eid/1-s2.0-S0016787845800251/first-page-pdf Geology in Embryo: up to 1600 A.D.]" in ''Proceedings of the Geologists' Association'' vol. 56 (1945) pp. 89-134 ad initium.</ref> (a [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graeco]] {{polytonic|γῆ}} 'terra' + {{polytonic|λόγος}} ({{Ill|lt=-logía|en|-logy}}) 'ratio') est {{Creanda|en|Natural science|Scientia naturalis|scientia naturalis}} quae investigationem [[Tellus|Telluris]] [[solidum|solidi]], [[lapis|lapidum]] in quibus terra consistit, et rationes quibus evolvitur comprehendit. Geologia {{Creanda|en|Histopry of earth|Historia Telluris|historiam Telluris}} conlustrat, quia prima praebet indicia [[tectonica laminarum|tectonicae laminarum]], [[evolutionaria vitae historia|evolutionariae vitae historiae]], et [[palaeoclimatologia|climatum priorum]]. Hodiernis temporibus, geologia [[commercium|commercio]] magni momenti pro [[explorator|exploratione]] [[fossile|mineralium]] et [[hydrocarboneum|hydrocarboneorum]] et pro aestimatione [[opes aquaticae|opum aquaticarum]]; magni momenti in publico pro praedicandis et intellegendis [[periculum naturale|periculis naturalibus]], remediatione difficultatum [[circumiecta naturalia|circumiectorum naturalium]], et patefactione priorum [[mutatio climatica|mutationum climatis]]; magni momenti in [[ingeniaria geotechnica]]; ac maior [[disciplina academica]] est. Geologia est etiam studium per delectationem exercitatum eorum, qui variis [[saxum|saxis]], [[minerale|mineralibus]], [[fossile|fossilibus]] et collegendis et collectis gaudent. ==Historia== [[Fasciculus:Giovanni Arduino geological section Valle dell'Agno.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Sectio terrae prope [[Vicetia]]m, res geologicas monstrans, scripta anno [[1758]] a [[Iohannes Arduino|Ioanne Arduino]], qui pater geologiae [[Italia|Italicae]] appellatur.]] [[Fasciculus:Geological map Britain William Smith 1815.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Gulielmus Smith (geologus)|Gulielmi Smith]] [[tabula geologica]] [[Anglia]]e, [[Wallia]]e, et [[Scotia]]e [[meridies|meridianae]]. Ea, anno [[1815]] perfecta, fuit prima tabula geologica [[magnitudo|magnitudinis]] [[civitas|nationalis]]<!--national-scale-->, et accuratissime sui temporis elaborata.<ref name=map>{{Cite book |isbn=0060931809 |author=Simon Winchester ; |year=[[2002]] |publisher=Perennial |location=Novi Eboraci|title=The map that changed the world: William Smith and the birth of modern geology}}.</ref>]] [[Fasciculus:Brunton.JPG|thumb|[[Compassatio]]{{dubsig}}<!--compass--> regularis Brunton Geo, latissime a geologis in tabulas et mensuras<!--surveys--> effectas adhibita.]] [[Fasciculus:USGS 1950s mapping field camp.jpg|thumb|Usitatus castra [[USGS]] agrorum mensuratorum [[decennium 196|decennio 196]].]] [[Fasciculus:PDA Mapping.jpg|thumb|Hodie, [[computatrum gestabile|computatra gestabilia]] [[GPS]] et [[programmatura computatralis]] [[systemata informationis geographicae|systematibus informationis geographicae]] praedita saepe in agris adhibentur ("[[digital geologic mapping]]").]] {{Main|Historia geologiae}}<br/> Studium physicae Telluris [[materia (physica)|materiae]] saltem ex [[Graecia antiqua]] venit. [[Aristoteles]] plurimas res geologicas in suis operibus tractavit (in Meteorologia IV notabiliter), attamen principium geologiae proprie cum [[Theophrastus|Theophrasto]] ([[372 a.C.n.|372]]–[[287 a.C.n.]]) ortum est, cuius opus ''Peri lithon'' ('De lapidibus') virtutes [[lapis|lapidum]] descripsit. Tempore [[Imperium Romanum|Romano]], [[Plinius Maior]] singula multorum [[minerale|mineralium]] et [[metallum|metallorum]] descripsit quae tunc in usu communi erant, et originem [[succinum|electri]] recte rettulit. Postquam scripserunt quidam [[scriptor]]es [[Lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] passim de rebus geologicis. Liber XIV ''[[Etymologiae|Etymologiarum]]'' [[Isidorus Hispalensis|Isidori Hispalensis]] nonnulla frustula de [[scientia (ratio)|scientia]] antiqua ''De lapidibus et metallis'' collegit. [[Beda]] venerabilis item notitiam eventuum geologicorum habuit, maxime in opere ''De natura rerum.'' Nonnulli eruditi putant geologiam hodiernam in [[Aetas Aurea Islamica|mundo Islamico mediaevali]] coepisse.<ref>[[Fielding H. Garrison]] in ''History of Medicine'' scripsit: "The Saracens themselves were the originators not only of algebra, chemistry, and geology, but of many of the so-called improvements or refinements of civilization, such as street lamps, window-panes, fireworks, stringed instruments, cultivated fruits, perfumes, spices, etc."</ref> [[Abū al-Rayhān al-Bīrūnī|Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni]] ([[973]]–[[1048]]) fuit unus ex primis [[Geographia in Islam mediaevali|geologis Islamicis]], inter cuius opera sunt primae mentiones [[geologia Indica|geologiae Indicae]], quae existimaverunt [[subcontinens Indicus|subcontinentem Indicum]] olim fuisse [[mare]].<ref name=Salam>[[Abdus Salam]] (1984), "Islam and Science." In ''Ideals and Realities: Selected Essays of Abdus Salam,'' 2nd ed., ed. C. H. Lai (Singapurae: World Scientific, 1987), pp. 179–213.</ref> [[Avicenna|Ibn Sina]] (Avicenna, [[981]]–[[1037]]), vir doctus, multiplices proposuit explanationes conformationis [[mons|montium]], originum [[terrae motus|terraemotuum]], et aliarum rerum quae in geologia hodierna multum valent atque fundamenta evolutionis huius [[scientia (ratio)|scientiae]] factae sunt.<ref>S. Toulmin et J. Goodfield, ''The Ancestry of science: The Discovery of Time'' (Londinii: Hutchinson & Co., 1965) p. 64.</ref> In [[Sinae (regio)|Sinis]], [[Shen Kua]] (1031–1095) [[polymathes]] coniecturam rationis conformationis terrestris excogitavit: ex observatione [[testa (anatomia)|testarum]] [[animal]]ium [[fossile|fossilium]] in [[stratum geographicum|strato]] geologico in [[mons|monte]] nonnulla centies milia passuum ab [[oceanus|oceano]] effossarum, concludit terram per erosionem montium et [[depositio (sedimentum)|depositionem]] [[limus|limi]] conformatam fuisse. Eodem tempore ([[saeculum 12|saeculo duodecimo]] maxime) in terris [[Christiani|Christicolarum]] cogitaverunt et scripserunt nonnulli scriptores de rebus eventibus causisque [[natura]]libus, quibus [[metallum|metalla]] et [[lapis|lapides]] connumerantur. [[Saeculum 13|Saeculo tredecimo]] [[floruit]] [[Albertus Magnus]], qui de [[natura|rebus naturalibus]] [[philosophia|philosophicisque]] in universum scripsit etiamque peritum metallis et lapidibus se exhibuit. Eodem tempore [[Paulus Tarantinus]], de [[regio]]ne [[Italia]]e meridianae, sub nomine [[lingua Arabica|Arabico]] ''Geber'' [[liber|librum]] perfectionis scripsit, qui in scientia [[alchimia]]e magnam auctoritatem diu habuit. ===Pericula naturalia=== {{Main|Periculum naturale}}<br/> Geologi et [[geophysica|geophysici]] pericula [[natura]]lia investigant ut meliores [[lex aedificationis|leges aedificationis]] et systemata monitionis ad prohibendum detrimentum possessionum et [[vita]]e sanciantur.<ref>[http://www.usgs.gov/hazards/ "USGS Natural Hazards Gateway,"] www.usgs.gov.</ref> Exempla gravium periculorum quae magni momenti in geologia (contra ea praecipue vel solum in [[meteorologia]] magni momenti) sunt: {{div col|2}} *{{Creanda|en|Sinkhole|Foramen conlapsum|Foramina conlapsa}} *[[Inundatio]]nes *[[Labina nivis]] *[[Liquefactio soli|Liquefactio]] *[[Migratio canalium fluminum]] et [[Avulsio (flumen)|avulsio]] *[[Mons ignifer|Montes igniferi]] *[[Subsidentia]] *[[Terrae lapsus]]et {{Creanda|en|Debris flow|Flumen detritus|flumina detritus}} *[[Terrae motus]] *[[Tsunami]] {{div col end}} ==Campi et disciplinae cognatae== {{div col|3}} *{{Creanda|en|Geological modeling|Formatio geologica}} *[[Geologia oeconomica]] **[[Fossio|Geologia fossionis]]<!--mining--> **[[Geologia petrolei]] *[[Geologia ingeniariae]] *[[Geologia circumiectus]] *[[Geoarchaeologia]] *[[Geochemia]] **[[Biogeochemia]] **[[Geochemia isotoporum]] *[[Geochronologia]] *[[Geodesia]] *[[Geographia]] *[[Geologia historica]] *[[Geologia structuralis]] *[[Geometallurgia]] *[[Geomicrobiologia]] *[[Geomorphologia]] *[[Geomythologia]] *[[Geophysica]] *[[Glaciologia]] *[[Hydrogeologia]] *[[Meteorologia]] *[[Mineralogia]] *[[Oceanographia]] **[[Geologia marina]] *[[Palaeoclimatologia]] *[[Palaeontologia]] **[[Micropalaeontologia]] **[[Palynologia]] *[[Petrologia]] *[[Petrophysica]] *[[Scientia telluris|Scientia terrestris]] *[[Sedimentologia]] *[[Seismologia]] *[[Scientia solorum]] **[[Edaphologia]] **[[Pedologia]] *[[Speleologia]] *[[Stratigraphia]] **[[Biostratigraphia]] **[[Chronostratigraphia]] **[[Lithostratigraphia]] *[[Tectonica laminarum]] *[[Vulcanologia]] {{div col end}} ==Geologia regionum== ===Montibus perpetuis=== *[[Geologia Alpium]] *[[Geologia Andium]] *[[Geologia Appalachianorum]] *[[Geologia Himalayae]] *[[Geologia Montium Saxosorum]] === Civitatibus === {{div col|3}} * [[Geologia Australiae]] ** [[Geologia Territorii Capitalis Australiae]] ** [[Geologia Tasmaniae]] ** [[Geologia Victoriae]] ** [[Yilgarn craton|Geologia Yilgarn Craton]] * [[Geologia Sinarum]] * [[Geologia Hongcongi]] * [[Geologia Europae]] ** [[Geologia Iberiae]] ** [[Geologia Islandiae]] ** [[Geologia Nederlandiae]] ** [[Geologia Norvegiae]] ** [[Geologia Sueciae]] *** [[Geologia Gotlandiae]] ** [[Geologia Britanniarum Regni]] *** [[Geologia Angliae]] **** [[Geologia Cestriae]] **** [[Geologia Corubiae]]<!-- ***** [[Geologia Lizard, Cornwall]]--> **** [[Geologia Dorset]] **** [[Geologia Gloucestershire]] **** [[Geologia Hampshire]] **** [[Geologia Sussexiae Orientalis]] **** [[Geologia Hertfordshire]] **** [[Geologia Salopiae]] **** [[Geologia Somerset]] **** [[Geologia Eboraci]] *** [[Geologia Scotiae]] **** [[Geologia Orkney]] *** [[Geologia Walliae]] *** [[Geologia Caesareae]]<!--Jersey--> *** [[Geologia Guernsey]] * [[Geologia Americae Australis]] ** [[Geologia Boliviae]] ** [[Geologia Tsiliae]] ** [[Geologia Columbiae]] ** [[Geologia Malvinarum]] * [[Geologia Indiae]]<!-- ** [[Sikkim#Geology|Geology of Sikkim]]--> * [[Geologia Iaponiae]] * [[Geologia Philippinarum]] * [[Geologia Novae Zelandiae]] * [[Geologia Vietnamiae]] * [[Geologia Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]] ** ''Geologia CFA civitate digesta'' *** [[Geologia Alabamae]] *** [[Geologia Connecticutae]] *** [[Geologia Delavariae]] *** [[Geologia Floridae]] *** [[Geologia Georgiae (civitas CFA)|Geologia Georgiae]] *** [[Geologia Idahi]] *** [[Geologia Illinoesiae]] *** [[Geologia Iovae]] *** [[Geologia Kansiae]] *** [[Geologia Massachusettae]] *** [[Geologia Minnesotae]] *** [[Geologia Novae Caesareae]] *** [[Geologia Oklahomae]] *** [[Geologia Oregoniae]] *** [[Geologia Pennsilvaniae]] *** [[Geologia Tennesiae]] *** [[Geologia Texiae]] *** [[Geology Virginiae Occidentalis]] ** ''Geologia CFA regione vel proprietate digesta'' *** [[Geologia Appalachianorum]] *** [[Geologia Boreoccidentis Pacifici]] *** [[Geologia regionis Bryce Canyon]]''(Uta)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Canyonlands]] ''(Uta)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Capitol Reef]] ''(Uta)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Vallis Mortis]] ''(California)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Grand Canyon]] ''(Arizona)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Grand Teton]] ''(Vyomina)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Lassen area]] ''(California)''<!-- *** [[Mount Adams (Washington)#Geology|Geology of Mount Adams]] ''(Washington)''--> *** [[Geologia Montis Shasta]]e (California) *** [[Geologia regionis Yosemite]] (California) *** [[Geologia regionis Zion et Kolob canyons]] (Uta) *** [[Geologia glacialis Fluminis Genesee]] (Novum Eboracum, Pennsylvania) {{div col end}} ===Corpora caelestia=== *[[Geologia Lunae]] *[[Geologia Martis]] *[[Geologia Mercurii]] *[[Geologia Veneris]] {{NexInt}} [[Fasciculus:Leica DMRX.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Microscopium petrographicum]].]] [[Fasciculus:GCRockfall.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Terrae lapsus]] in [[Valles Grandis|Valli Grande]].]] {{div col|2}} *[[Aevum geologicum]] *[[Gemma (lapis)|Gemma]] *[[Geogonia]] *[[Historia terrae]] *[[Marmor]] *[[Pangaea]] *[[Rhegolithus]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== [[Fasciculus:Orogenic wedge.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Descriptio cunei orogenici ([[Anglice]] signata).]] *[[Georgius Agricola|Agricola, Georgius]]. [[1980]]. ''Vom Berg- und Hüttenwesen.'' Monaci: DTV. ISBN 3423060867. *Aubouin, Brousse, et Lehman. [[1975]]. ''Précis de géologie.'' Lutetie: Dunod. *Bahlburg, Heinrich, et Christoph Breitkreuz. [[2003]]. ''Grundlagen der Geologie.'' Ed. secunda. Heidelberg: Spektrum. ISBN 3-8274-1394-X. *Cutler, Alan. [[2004]]. ''Die Muschel auf dem Berg.'' Monaci: Knaus. ISBN 3-8135-0188-4. *Faupl, Peter. [[2003]]. ''Historische Geologie.'' Ed. secunda. UTB 2149. Vindobonae: Facultas. ISBN 3825221490. *Daniel, J. Y., et al. [[1999]]. ''Sciences de la Terre et de l’univers.'' Lutetiae: Vuibert. *Henningsen, Dierk, et Gerhard Katzung. [[2002]]. ''Einführung in die Geologie Deutschlands.'' Ed. sexta. Heidelberg: Spektrum. ISBN 3-8274-1360-5. *Hölder, Helmut. [[1989]]. ''Kurze Geschichte der Geologie und Paläontologie.'' Berolini: Springer. ISBN 3-540-50659-4. *Labhart, Toni P. [[1988]]. ''Geologie: Einführung in die Erdwissenschaften.'' Bernae. ISBN 3-444-50063-7. *Martin, Pierre. [[2010]]. ''Géologie appliquée au BTP.'' Lutetiae: Eyrolles. *Moret, L. [[1962]]. ''Précis de géologie.'' Ed. quarta. Lutetiae: Masson et Cie. *Murawski, Hans, et Wilhelm Meyer. [[2004]]. ''Geologisches Wörterbuch.'' Heidelberg: Spektrum. ISBN 978-3-8274-1445-8. *Press, Frank, et Raymond Siever. [[2003]]. ''Allgemeine Geologie.'' Ed. tertia. Heidelber: Spektrum. ISBN 3-8274-0307-3. Editio prima: ''Understanding Earth'' (Novi Eboraci: Freeman). *Selley, Richard C., L. Robin M. Cocks, et Ian R. Plimer, eds. [[2005]]. ''Encyclopedia of geology.'' Amstelodami: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-636380-3. *Stanley, Steven M. [[2001]]. ''Historische Geologie.'' Ed. secunda. Heidelbergae: Spektrum. ISBN 3827405696. *Winchester, Simon. [[2002]]. ''The Map that Changed the World: William Smith and the Birth of Modern Geology.'' Novi Eboraci: Perennial. ISBN 0060931809. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Geology|geologiam}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110903064659/http://www.geologyforum.org/ Commune interretiale studiosis geologiae dicatum,] * [http://geology.com/ ''Earth Science News, Maps, Dictionary, Articles, Jobs,''] * [http://books.google.com/books?id=-AcKAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Charles+Lyell&ei=YMOLSa_GE4uiyATW_Zy6BQ&client=firefox-a#PPR5,M1 ''Elements of Geology'' Caroli Lyell,] * [http://books.google.com/books?id=O2YNAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Charles+Lyell&ei=YMOLSa_GE4uiyATW_Zy6BQ&client=firefox-a#PPR3,M1 ''Principles of Geology, or the Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants, Considered as Illustrative of Geology'' Caroli Lyell,] * [http://www.agu.org/ Situs domesticus] (American Geophysical Union) * [http://www.egu.eu/ Situs domesticus] (European Geosciences Union) * [http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/ Situs domesticus] (Geological Society of London) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111029134635/http://www.geosociety.org/ Situs domesticus] (Geological Society of America) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101128060025/http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/essays/Hutton.htm ''Theoria Telluris'' a Iacobi Hutton,] {{Scientiae naturales et artes mathematicae}} {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Geologia|!]] [[Categoria:Historia scientiae Telluris]] 6ic1j9x60utl79n58qgooxxmg120d2g 3967288 3967287 2026-06-29T12:52:14Z IacobusAmor 1163 /* Pericula naturalia */ Spatium 3967288 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:WasatchFault.JPG|thumb|Discipuli [[Defectio Wasatchensis|Defectionem Wasatchensem]]<!--Wasatch Fault--> prope [[Urbs Lacus Salsi|Urbem Lacus Salsi]] [[Uta]]e investigant.]] '''Geologia'''<ref>Vocabulum quod [[Ulysses Aldrovandus]] in testamento suo anno 1603 scripto primus invenit, quibusdam documentis suis "Geologia aut De fossilibus" ibi rubricatis: vide C. E. N. Bromehead, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/sdfe/pdf/download/eid/1-s2.0-S0016787845800251/first-page-pdf Geology in Embryo: up to 1600 A.D.]" in ''Proceedings of the Geologists' Association'' vol. 56 (1945) pp. 89-134 ad initium.</ref> (a [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graeco]] {{polytonic|γῆ}} 'terra' + {{polytonic|λόγος}} ({{Ill|lt=-logía|en|-logy}}) 'ratio') est {{Creanda|en|Natural science|Scientia naturalis|scientia naturalis}} quae investigationem [[Tellus|Telluris]] [[solidum|solidi]], [[lapis|lapidum]] in quibus terra consistit, et rationes quibus evolvitur comprehendit. Geologia {{Creanda|en|Histopry of earth|Historia Telluris|historiam Telluris}} conlustrat, quia prima praebet indicia [[tectonica laminarum|tectonicae laminarum]], [[evolutionaria vitae historia|evolutionariae vitae historiae]], et [[palaeoclimatologia|climatum priorum]]. Hodiernis temporibus, geologia [[commercium|commercio]] magni momenti pro [[explorator|exploratione]] [[fossile|mineralium]] et [[hydrocarboneum|hydrocarboneorum]] et pro aestimatione [[opes aquaticae|opum aquaticarum]]; magni momenti in publico pro praedicandis et intellegendis [[periculum naturale|periculis naturalibus]], remediatione difficultatum [[circumiecta naturalia|circumiectorum naturalium]], et patefactione priorum [[mutatio climatica|mutationum climatis]]; magni momenti in [[ingeniaria geotechnica]]; ac maior [[disciplina academica]] est. Geologia est etiam studium per delectationem exercitatum eorum, qui variis [[saxum|saxis]], [[minerale|mineralibus]], [[fossile|fossilibus]] et collegendis et collectis gaudent. ==Historia== [[Fasciculus:Giovanni Arduino geological section Valle dell'Agno.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Sectio terrae prope [[Vicetia]]m, res geologicas monstrans, scripta anno [[1758]] a [[Iohannes Arduino|Ioanne Arduino]], qui pater geologiae [[Italia|Italicae]] appellatur.]] [[Fasciculus:Geological map Britain William Smith 1815.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Gulielmus Smith (geologus)|Gulielmi Smith]] [[tabula geologica]] [[Anglia]]e, [[Wallia]]e, et [[Scotia]]e [[meridies|meridianae]]. Ea, anno [[1815]] perfecta, fuit prima tabula geologica [[magnitudo|magnitudinis]] [[civitas|nationalis]]<!--national-scale-->, et accuratissime sui temporis elaborata.<ref name=map>{{Cite book |isbn=0060931809 |author=Simon Winchester ; |year=[[2002]] |publisher=Perennial |location=Novi Eboraci|title=The map that changed the world: William Smith and the birth of modern geology}}.</ref>]] [[Fasciculus:Brunton.JPG|thumb|[[Compassatio]]{{dubsig}}<!--compass--> regularis Brunton Geo, latissime a geologis in tabulas et mensuras<!--surveys--> effectas adhibita.]] [[Fasciculus:USGS 1950s mapping field camp.jpg|thumb|Usitatus castra [[USGS]] agrorum mensuratorum [[decennium 196|decennio 196]].]] [[Fasciculus:PDA Mapping.jpg|thumb|Hodie, [[computatrum gestabile|computatra gestabilia]] [[GPS]] et [[programmatura computatralis]] [[systemata informationis geographicae|systematibus informationis geographicae]] praedita saepe in agris adhibentur ("[[digital geologic mapping]]").]] {{Main|Historia geologiae}}<br/> Studium physicae Telluris [[materia (physica)|materiae]] saltem ex [[Graecia antiqua]] venit. [[Aristoteles]] plurimas res geologicas in suis operibus tractavit (in Meteorologia IV notabiliter), attamen principium geologiae proprie cum [[Theophrastus|Theophrasto]] ([[372 a.C.n.|372]]–[[287 a.C.n.]]) ortum est, cuius opus ''Peri lithon'' ('De lapidibus') virtutes [[lapis|lapidum]] descripsit. Tempore [[Imperium Romanum|Romano]], [[Plinius Maior]] singula multorum [[minerale|mineralium]] et [[metallum|metallorum]] descripsit quae tunc in usu communi erant, et originem [[succinum|electri]] recte rettulit. Postquam scripserunt quidam [[scriptor]]es [[Lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] passim de rebus geologicis. Liber XIV ''[[Etymologiae|Etymologiarum]]'' [[Isidorus Hispalensis|Isidori Hispalensis]] nonnulla frustula de [[scientia (ratio)|scientia]] antiqua ''De lapidibus et metallis'' collegit. [[Beda]] venerabilis item notitiam eventuum geologicorum habuit, maxime in opere ''De natura rerum.'' Nonnulli eruditi putant geologiam hodiernam in [[Aetas Aurea Islamica|mundo Islamico mediaevali]] coepisse.<ref>[[Fielding H. Garrison]] in ''History of Medicine'' scripsit: "The Saracens themselves were the originators not only of algebra, chemistry, and geology, but of many of the so-called improvements or refinements of civilization, such as street lamps, window-panes, fireworks, stringed instruments, cultivated fruits, perfumes, spices, etc."</ref> [[Abū al-Rayhān al-Bīrūnī|Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni]] ([[973]]–[[1048]]) fuit unus ex primis [[Geographia in Islam mediaevali|geologis Islamicis]], inter cuius opera sunt primae mentiones [[geologia Indica|geologiae Indicae]], quae existimaverunt [[subcontinens Indicus|subcontinentem Indicum]] olim fuisse [[mare]].<ref name=Salam>[[Abdus Salam]] (1984), "Islam and Science." In ''Ideals and Realities: Selected Essays of Abdus Salam,'' 2nd ed., ed. C. H. Lai (Singapurae: World Scientific, 1987), pp. 179–213.</ref> [[Avicenna|Ibn Sina]] (Avicenna, [[981]]–[[1037]]), vir doctus, multiplices proposuit explanationes conformationis [[mons|montium]], originum [[terrae motus|terraemotuum]], et aliarum rerum quae in geologia hodierna multum valent atque fundamenta evolutionis huius [[scientia (ratio)|scientiae]] factae sunt.<ref>S. Toulmin et J. Goodfield, ''The Ancestry of science: The Discovery of Time'' (Londinii: Hutchinson & Co., 1965) p. 64.</ref> In [[Sinae (regio)|Sinis]], [[Shen Kua]] (1031–1095) [[polymathes]] coniecturam rationis conformationis terrestris excogitavit: ex observatione [[testa (anatomia)|testarum]] [[animal]]ium [[fossile|fossilium]] in [[stratum geographicum|strato]] geologico in [[mons|monte]] nonnulla centies milia passuum ab [[oceanus|oceano]] effossarum, concludit terram per erosionem montium et [[depositio (sedimentum)|depositionem]] [[limus|limi]] conformatam fuisse. Eodem tempore ([[saeculum 12|saeculo duodecimo]] maxime) in terris [[Christiani|Christicolarum]] cogitaverunt et scripserunt nonnulli scriptores de rebus eventibus causisque [[natura]]libus, quibus [[metallum|metalla]] et [[lapis|lapides]] connumerantur. [[Saeculum 13|Saeculo tredecimo]] [[floruit]] [[Albertus Magnus]], qui de [[natura|rebus naturalibus]] [[philosophia|philosophicisque]] in universum scripsit etiamque peritum metallis et lapidibus se exhibuit. Eodem tempore [[Paulus Tarantinus]], de [[regio]]ne [[Italia]]e meridianae, sub nomine [[lingua Arabica|Arabico]] ''Geber'' [[liber|librum]] perfectionis scripsit, qui in scientia [[alchimia]]e magnam auctoritatem diu habuit. ===Pericula naturalia=== {{Main|Periculum naturale}}<br/> Geologi et [[geophysica|geophysici]] pericula [[natura]]lia investigant ut meliores [[lex aedificationis|leges aedificationis]] et systemata monitionis ad prohibendum detrimentum possessionum et [[vita]]e sanciantur.<ref>[http://www.usgs.gov/hazards/ "USGS Natural Hazards Gateway,"] www.usgs.gov.</ref> Exempla gravium periculorum quae magni momenti in geologia (contra ea praecipue vel solum in [[meteorologia]] magni momenti) sunt: {{div col|2}} *{{Creanda|en|Sinkhole|Foramen conlapsum|Foramina conlapsa}} *[[Inundatio]]nes *[[Labina nivis]] *[[Liquefactio soli|Liquefactio]] *[[Migratio canalium fluminum]] et [[Avulsio (flumen)|avulsio]] *[[Mons ignifer|Montes igniferi]] *[[Subsidentia]] *[[Terrae lapsus]] et {{Creanda|en|Debris flow|Flumen detritus|flumina detritus}} *[[Terrae motus]] *[[Tsunami]] {{div col end}} ==Campi et disciplinae cognatae== {{div col|3}} *{{Creanda|en|Geological modeling|Formatio geologica}} *[[Geologia oeconomica]] **[[Fossio|Geologia fossionis]]<!--mining--> **[[Geologia petrolei]] *[[Geologia ingeniariae]] *[[Geologia circumiectus]] *[[Geoarchaeologia]] *[[Geochemia]] **[[Biogeochemia]] **[[Geochemia isotoporum]] *[[Geochronologia]] *[[Geodesia]] *[[Geographia]] *[[Geologia historica]] *[[Geologia structuralis]] *[[Geometallurgia]] *[[Geomicrobiologia]] *[[Geomorphologia]] *[[Geomythologia]] *[[Geophysica]] *[[Glaciologia]] *[[Hydrogeologia]] *[[Meteorologia]] *[[Mineralogia]] *[[Oceanographia]] **[[Geologia marina]] *[[Palaeoclimatologia]] *[[Palaeontologia]] **[[Micropalaeontologia]] **[[Palynologia]] *[[Petrologia]] *[[Petrophysica]] *[[Scientia telluris|Scientia terrestris]] *[[Sedimentologia]] *[[Seismologia]] *[[Scientia solorum]] **[[Edaphologia]] **[[Pedologia]] *[[Speleologia]] *[[Stratigraphia]] **[[Biostratigraphia]] **[[Chronostratigraphia]] **[[Lithostratigraphia]] *[[Tectonica laminarum]] *[[Vulcanologia]] {{div col end}} ==Geologia regionum== ===Montibus perpetuis=== *[[Geologia Alpium]] *[[Geologia Andium]] *[[Geologia Appalachianorum]] *[[Geologia Himalayae]] *[[Geologia Montium Saxosorum]] === Civitatibus === {{div col|3}} * [[Geologia Australiae]] ** [[Geologia Territorii Capitalis Australiae]] ** [[Geologia Tasmaniae]] ** [[Geologia Victoriae]] ** [[Yilgarn craton|Geologia Yilgarn Craton]] * [[Geologia Sinarum]] * [[Geologia Hongcongi]] * [[Geologia Europae]] ** [[Geologia Iberiae]] ** [[Geologia Islandiae]] ** [[Geologia Nederlandiae]] ** [[Geologia Norvegiae]] ** [[Geologia Sueciae]] *** [[Geologia Gotlandiae]] ** [[Geologia Britanniarum Regni]] *** [[Geologia Angliae]] **** [[Geologia Cestriae]] **** [[Geologia Corubiae]]<!-- ***** [[Geologia Lizard, Cornwall]]--> **** [[Geologia Dorset]] **** [[Geologia Gloucestershire]] **** [[Geologia Hampshire]] **** [[Geologia Sussexiae Orientalis]] **** [[Geologia Hertfordshire]] **** [[Geologia Salopiae]] **** [[Geologia Somerset]] **** [[Geologia Eboraci]] *** [[Geologia Scotiae]] **** [[Geologia Orkney]] *** [[Geologia Walliae]] *** [[Geologia Caesareae]]<!--Jersey--> *** [[Geologia Guernsey]] * [[Geologia Americae Australis]] ** [[Geologia Boliviae]] ** [[Geologia Tsiliae]] ** [[Geologia Columbiae]] ** [[Geologia Malvinarum]] * [[Geologia Indiae]]<!-- ** [[Sikkim#Geology|Geology of Sikkim]]--> * [[Geologia Iaponiae]] * [[Geologia Philippinarum]] * [[Geologia Novae Zelandiae]] * [[Geologia Vietnamiae]] * [[Geologia Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]] ** ''Geologia CFA civitate digesta'' *** [[Geologia Alabamae]] *** [[Geologia Connecticutae]] *** [[Geologia Delavariae]] *** [[Geologia Floridae]] *** [[Geologia Georgiae (civitas CFA)|Geologia Georgiae]] *** [[Geologia Idahi]] *** [[Geologia Illinoesiae]] *** [[Geologia Iovae]] *** [[Geologia Kansiae]] *** [[Geologia Massachusettae]] *** [[Geologia Minnesotae]] *** [[Geologia Novae Caesareae]] *** [[Geologia Oklahomae]] *** [[Geologia Oregoniae]] *** [[Geologia Pennsilvaniae]] *** [[Geologia Tennesiae]] *** [[Geologia Texiae]] *** [[Geology Virginiae Occidentalis]] ** ''Geologia CFA regione vel proprietate digesta'' *** [[Geologia Appalachianorum]] *** [[Geologia Boreoccidentis Pacifici]] *** [[Geologia regionis Bryce Canyon]]''(Uta)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Canyonlands]] ''(Uta)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Capitol Reef]] ''(Uta)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Vallis Mortis]] ''(California)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Grand Canyon]] ''(Arizona)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Grand Teton]] ''(Vyomina)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Lassen area]] ''(California)''<!-- *** [[Mount Adams (Washington)#Geology|Geology of Mount Adams]] ''(Washington)''--> *** [[Geologia Montis Shasta]]e (California) *** [[Geologia regionis Yosemite]] (California) *** [[Geologia regionis Zion et Kolob canyons]] (Uta) *** [[Geologia glacialis Fluminis Genesee]] (Novum Eboracum, Pennsylvania) {{div col end}} ===Corpora caelestia=== *[[Geologia Lunae]] *[[Geologia Martis]] *[[Geologia Mercurii]] *[[Geologia Veneris]] {{NexInt}} [[Fasciculus:Leica DMRX.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Microscopium petrographicum]].]] [[Fasciculus:GCRockfall.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Terrae lapsus]] in [[Valles Grandis|Valli Grande]].]] {{div col|2}} *[[Aevum geologicum]] *[[Gemma (lapis)|Gemma]] *[[Geogonia]] *[[Historia terrae]] *[[Marmor]] *[[Pangaea]] *[[Rhegolithus]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== [[Fasciculus:Orogenic wedge.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Descriptio cunei orogenici ([[Anglice]] signata).]] *[[Georgius Agricola|Agricola, Georgius]]. [[1980]]. ''Vom Berg- und Hüttenwesen.'' Monaci: DTV. ISBN 3423060867. *Aubouin, Brousse, et Lehman. [[1975]]. ''Précis de géologie.'' Lutetie: Dunod. *Bahlburg, Heinrich, et Christoph Breitkreuz. [[2003]]. ''Grundlagen der Geologie.'' Ed. secunda. Heidelberg: Spektrum. ISBN 3-8274-1394-X. *Cutler, Alan. [[2004]]. ''Die Muschel auf dem Berg.'' Monaci: Knaus. ISBN 3-8135-0188-4. *Faupl, Peter. [[2003]]. ''Historische Geologie.'' Ed. secunda. UTB 2149. Vindobonae: Facultas. ISBN 3825221490. *Daniel, J. Y., et al. [[1999]]. ''Sciences de la Terre et de l’univers.'' Lutetiae: Vuibert. *Henningsen, Dierk, et Gerhard Katzung. [[2002]]. ''Einführung in die Geologie Deutschlands.'' Ed. sexta. Heidelberg: Spektrum. ISBN 3-8274-1360-5. *Hölder, Helmut. [[1989]]. ''Kurze Geschichte der Geologie und Paläontologie.'' Berolini: Springer. ISBN 3-540-50659-4. *Labhart, Toni P. [[1988]]. ''Geologie: Einführung in die Erdwissenschaften.'' Bernae. ISBN 3-444-50063-7. *Martin, Pierre. [[2010]]. ''Géologie appliquée au BTP.'' Lutetiae: Eyrolles. *Moret, L. [[1962]]. ''Précis de géologie.'' Ed. quarta. Lutetiae: Masson et Cie. *Murawski, Hans, et Wilhelm Meyer. [[2004]]. ''Geologisches Wörterbuch.'' Heidelberg: Spektrum. ISBN 978-3-8274-1445-8. *Press, Frank, et Raymond Siever. [[2003]]. ''Allgemeine Geologie.'' Ed. tertia. Heidelber: Spektrum. ISBN 3-8274-0307-3. Editio prima: ''Understanding Earth'' (Novi Eboraci: Freeman). *Selley, Richard C., L. Robin M. Cocks, et Ian R. Plimer, eds. [[2005]]. ''Encyclopedia of geology.'' Amstelodami: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-636380-3. *Stanley, Steven M. [[2001]]. ''Historische Geologie.'' Ed. secunda. Heidelbergae: Spektrum. ISBN 3827405696. *Winchester, Simon. [[2002]]. ''The Map that Changed the World: William Smith and the Birth of Modern Geology.'' Novi Eboraci: Perennial. ISBN 0060931809. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Geology|geologiam}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110903064659/http://www.geologyforum.org/ Commune interretiale studiosis geologiae dicatum,] * [http://geology.com/ ''Earth Science News, Maps, Dictionary, Articles, Jobs,''] * [http://books.google.com/books?id=-AcKAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Charles+Lyell&ei=YMOLSa_GE4uiyATW_Zy6BQ&client=firefox-a#PPR5,M1 ''Elements of Geology'' Caroli Lyell,] * [http://books.google.com/books?id=O2YNAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Charles+Lyell&ei=YMOLSa_GE4uiyATW_Zy6BQ&client=firefox-a#PPR3,M1 ''Principles of Geology, or the Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants, Considered as Illustrative of Geology'' Caroli Lyell,] * [http://www.agu.org/ Situs domesticus] (American Geophysical Union) * [http://www.egu.eu/ Situs domesticus] (European Geosciences Union) * [http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/ Situs domesticus] (Geological Society of London) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111029134635/http://www.geosociety.org/ Situs domesticus] (Geological Society of America) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101128060025/http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/essays/Hutton.htm ''Theoria Telluris'' a Iacobi Hutton,] {{Scientiae naturales et artes mathematicae}} {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Geologia|!]] [[Categoria:Historia scientiae Telluris]] p3mfh29kf6cdrd5ps5khqainwlr1q9o 3967289 3967288 2026-06-29T13:05:00Z IacobusAmor 1163 + 3967289 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:WasatchFault.JPG|thumb|Discipuli [[Defectio Wasatchensis|Defectionem Wasatchensem]]<!--Wasatch Fault--> prope [[Urbs Lacus Salsi|Urbem Lacus Salsi]] [[Uta]]e investigant.]] '''Geologia'''<ref>Vocabulum quod [[Ulysses Aldrovandus]] in testamento suo anno 1603 scripto primus invenit, quibusdam documentis suis "Geologia aut De fossilibus" ibi rubricatis: vide C. E. N. Bromehead, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/sdfe/pdf/download/eid/1-s2.0-S0016787845800251/first-page-pdf Geology in Embryo: up to 1600 A.D.]" in ''Proceedings of the Geologists' Association'' vol. 56 (1945) pp. 89-134 ad initium.</ref> (a [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graeco]] {{polytonic|γῆ}} 'terra' + {{polytonic|λόγος}} 'ratio') est {{Creanda|en|Natural science|Scientia naturalis|scientia naturalis}} quae investigationem [[Tellus|Telluris]] [[solidum|solidi]], [[lapis|lapidum]] in quibus terra consistit, et rationes quibus evolvitur comprehendit. Geologia {{Creanda|en|Histopry of earth|Historia Telluris|historiam Telluris}} conlustrat, quia prima praebet indicia [[tectonica laminarum|tectonicae laminarum]], [[evolutionaria vitae historia|evolutionariae vitae historiae]], et [[palaeoclimatologia|climatum priorum]]. Hodiernis temporibus, geologia [[commercium|commercio]] magni momenti pro [[explorator|exploratione]] [[fossile|mineralium]] et [[hydrocarboneum|hydrocarboneorum]] et pro aestimatione [[opes aquaticae|opum aquaticarum]]; magni momenti in publico pro praedicandis et intellegendis [[periculum naturale|periculis naturalibus]], remediatione difficultatum [[circumiecta naturalia|circumiectorum naturalium]], et patefactione priorum [[mutatio climatica|mutationum climatis]]; magni momenti in [[ingeniaria geotechnica]]; ac maior [[disciplina academica]] est. Geologia est etiam studium per delectationem exercitatum eorum, qui variis [[saxum|saxis]], [[minerale|mineralibus]], [[fossile|fossilibus]] et collegendis et collectis gaudent. ==Historia== [[Fasciculus:Giovanni Arduino geological section Valle dell'Agno.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Sectio terrae prope [[Vicetia]]m, res geologicas monstrans, scripta anno [[1758]] a [[Iohannes Arduino|Ioanne Arduino]], qui pater geologiae [[Italia|Italicae]] appellatur.]] [[Fasciculus:Geological map Britain William Smith 1815.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Gulielmus Smith (geologus)|Gulielmi Smith]] [[tabula geologica]] [[Anglia]]e, [[Wallia]]e, et [[Scotia]]e [[meridies|meridianae]]. Ea, anno [[1815]] perfecta, fuit prima tabula geologica [[magnitudo|magnitudinis]] [[civitas|nationalis]]<!--national-scale-->, et accuratissime sui temporis elaborata.<ref name=map>{{Cite book |isbn=0060931809 |author=Simon Winchester ; |year=[[2002]] |publisher=Perennial |location=Novi Eboraci|title=The map that changed the world: William Smith and the birth of modern geology}}.</ref>]] [[Fasciculus:Brunton.JPG|thumb|[[Compassatio]]{{dubsig}}<!--compass--> regularis Brunton Geo, latissime a geologis in tabulas et mensuras<!--surveys--> effectas adhibita.]] [[Fasciculus:USGS 1950s mapping field camp.jpg|thumb|Usitatus castra [[USGS]] agrorum mensuratorum [[decennium 196|decennio 196]].]] [[Fasciculus:PDA Mapping.jpg|thumb|Hodie, [[computatrum gestabile|computatra gestabilia]] [[GPS]] et [[programmatura computatralis]] [[systemata informationis geographicae|systematibus informationis geographicae]] praedita saepe in agris adhibentur ("[[digital geologic mapping]]").]] {{Main|Historia geologiae}}<br/> Studium physicae Telluris [[materia (physica)|materiae]] saltem ex [[Graecia antiqua]] venit. [[Aristoteles]] plurimas res geologicas in suis operibus tractavit (in Meteorologia IV notabiliter), attamen principium geologiae proprie cum [[Theophrastus|Theophrasto]] ([[372 a.C.n.|372]]–[[287 a.C.n.]]) ortum est, cuius opus ''Peri lithon'' ('De lapidibus') virtutes [[lapis|lapidum]] descripsit. Tempore [[Imperium Romanum|Romano]], [[Plinius Maior]] singula multorum [[minerale|mineralium]] et [[metallum|metallorum]] descripsit quae tunc in usu communi erant, et originem [[succinum|electri]] recte rettulit. Postea quidam [[scriptor]]es [[Lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] passim de rebus geologicis scripserunt. Liber XIV ''[[Etymologiae|Etymologiarum]]'' [[Isidorus Hispalensis|Isidori Hispalensis]] nonnulla frustula de [[scientia (ratio)|scientia]] antiqua ''De lapidibus et metallis'' collegit. [[Beda]] venerabilis item notitiam eventuum geologicorum habuit, maxime in opere ''De natura rerum.'' Nonnulli eruditi putant geologiam hodiernam in {{Creamda|en|Islamic golden age|Aetas Aurea Islamica|mundo Islamico mediaevali}} coepisse.<ref>[[Fielding H. Garrison]] in ''History of Medicine'' scripsit: "The Saracens themselves were the originators not only of algebra, chemistry, and geology, but of many of the so-called improvements or refinements of civilization, such as street lamps, window-panes, fireworks, stringed instruments, cultivated fruits, perfumes, spices, etc."</ref> [[Abū al-Rayhān al-Bīrūnī|Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni]] ([[973]]–[[1048]]) fuit unus ex primis {{Creanda|en|Geography in medieval Islam|Geographia in Islam mediaevali|geologis Islamicis}}, inter cuius opera sunt primae mentiones [[geologia Indica|geologiae Indicae]], quae existimaverunt [[subcontinens Indicus|subcontinentem Indicum]] olim fuisse [[mare]].<ref name=Salam>[[Abdus Salam]] (1984), "Islam and Science." In ''Ideals and Realities: Selected Essays of Abdus Salam,'' secunda ed., ed. C. H. Lai (Singapurae: World Scientific, 1987), pp. 179–213.</ref> [[Avicenna]] ([[981]]–[[1037]]), [[vir doctus]], multiplices proposuit explanationes conformationis [[mons|montium]], originum [[terrae motus|terraemotuum]], et aliarum rerum quae in geologia hodierna multum valent et fundamenta evolutionis huius [[scientia (ratio)|scientiae]] factae sunt.<ref>S. Toulmin et J. Goodfield, ''The Ancestry of science: The Discovery of Time'' (Londinii: Hutchinson & Co., 1965) p. 64.</ref> In [[Sinae (regio)|Sinis]], [[Shen Kua]] (1031–1095) [[polymathes]] coniecturam rationis conformationis terrestris excogitavit: ex observatione [[testa (anatomia)|testarum]] [[animal]]ium [[fossile|fossilium]] in [[stratum geographicum|strato]] geologico in [[mons|monte]] nonnulla centies milia passuum ab [[oceanus|oceano]] effossarum, concludit terram per erosionem montium et [[depositio (sedimentum)|depositionem]] [[limus|limi]] conformatam fuisse. Eodem tempore ([[saeculum 12|saeculo duodecimo]] maxime) in terris [[Christiani|Christicolarum]] cogitaverunt et scripserunt nonnulli scriptores de rebus eventibus causisque [[natura]]libus, quibus [[metallum|metalla]] et [[lapis|lapides]] connumerantur. [[Saeculum 13|Saeculo tredecimo]] [[floruit]] [[Albertus Magnus]], qui de [[natura|rebus naturalibus]] [[philosophia|philosophicisque]] in universum scripsit etiamque peritum metallis et lapidibus se exhibuit. Eodem tempore [[Paulus Tarantinus]], de [[regio]]ne [[Italia]]e [[meridies|meridianae]], nomine [[lingua Arabica|Arabico]] ''Geber,'' [[liber|librum]] perfectionis scripsit, qui in scientia [[alchimia]]e magnam auctoritatem diu habuit. ===Pericula naturalia=== {{Main|Periculum naturale}} Geologi et [[geophysica|geophysici]] [[periculum|pericula]] [[natura]]lia investigant ut meliores [[lex aedificationis|leges aedificationis]] et systemata monitionis ad prohibendum detrimentum possessionum et [[vita]]e sanciantur.<ref>[http://www.usgs.gov/hazards/ "USGS Natural Hazards Gateway,"] www.usgs.gov.</ref> Exempla gravium periculorum quae magni momenti in geologia (contra ea praecipue vel solum in [[meteorologia]] magni momenti) sunt: {{div col|2}} *{{Creanda|en|Sinkhole|Foramen conlapsum|Foramina conlapsa}} *[[Inundatio]]nes *[[Labina nivis]] *[[Liquefactio soli|Liquefactio]] *[[Migratio canalium fluminum]] et [[Avulsio (flumen)|avulsio]] *[[Mons ignifer|Montes igniferi]] *[[Subsidentia]] *[[Terrae lapsus]] et {{Creanda|en|Debris flow|Flumen detritus|flumina detritus}} *[[Terrae motus]] *[[Tsunami]] {{div col end}} ==Campi et disciplinae cognatae== {{div col|3}} *{{Creanda|en|Geological modeling|Formatio geologica}} *[[Geologia oeconomica]] **[[Fossio|Geologia fossionis]]<!--mining--> **[[Geologia petrolei]] *[[Geologia ingeniariae]] *[[Geologia circumiectus]] *[[Geoarchaeologia]] *[[Geochemia]] **[[Biogeochemia]] **[[Geochemia isotoporum]] *[[Geochronologia]] *[[Geodesia]] *[[Geographia]] *[[Geologia historica]] *[[Geologia structuralis]] *[[Geometallurgia]] *[[Geomicrobiologia]] *[[Geomorphologia]] *[[Geomythologia]] *[[Geophysica]] *[[Glaciologia]] *[[Hydrogeologia]] *[[Meteorologia]] *[[Mineralogia]] *[[Oceanographia]] **[[Geologia marina]] *[[Palaeoclimatologia]] *[[Palaeontologia]] **[[Micropalaeontologia]] **[[Palynologia]] *[[Petrologia]] *[[Petrophysica]] *[[Scientia telluris|Scientia terrestris]] *[[Sedimentologia]] *[[Seismologia]] *[[Scientia solorum]] **[[Edaphologia]] **[[Pedologia]] *[[Speleologia]] *[[Stratigraphia]] **[[Biostratigraphia]] **[[Chronostratigraphia]] **[[Lithostratigraphia]] *[[Tectonica laminarum]] *[[Vulcanologia]] {{div col end}} ==Geologia regionum== ===Montibus perpetuis=== *[[Geologia Alpium]] *[[Geologia Andium]] *[[Geologia Appalachianorum]] *[[Geologia Himalayae]] *[[Geologia Montium Saxosorum]] === Civitatibus === {{div col|3}} * [[Geologia Australiae]] ** [[Geologia Territorii Capitalis Australiae]] ** [[Geologia Tasmaniae]] ** [[Geologia Victoriae]] ** [[Yilgarn craton|Geologia Yilgarn Craton]] * [[Geologia Sinarum]] * [[Geologia Hongcongi]] * [[Geologia Europae]] ** [[Geologia Iberiae]] ** [[Geologia Islandiae]] ** [[Geologia Nederlandiae]] ** [[Geologia Norvegiae]] ** [[Geologia Sueciae]] *** [[Geologia Gotlandiae]] ** [[Geologia Britanniarum Regni]] *** [[Geologia Angliae]] **** [[Geologia Cestriae]] **** [[Geologia Corubiae]]<!-- ***** [[Geologia Lizard, Cornwall]]--> **** [[Geologia Dorset]] **** [[Geologia Gloucestershire]] **** [[Geologia Hampshire]] **** [[Geologia Sussexiae Orientalis]] **** [[Geologia Hertfordshire]] **** [[Geologia Salopiae]] **** [[Geologia Somerset]] **** [[Geologia Eboraci]] *** [[Geologia Scotiae]] **** [[Geologia Orkney]] *** [[Geologia Walliae]] *** [[Geologia Caesareae]]<!--Jersey--> *** [[Geologia Guernsey]] * [[Geologia Americae Australis]] ** [[Geologia Boliviae]] ** [[Geologia Tsiliae]] ** [[Geologia Columbiae]] ** [[Geologia Malvinarum]] * [[Geologia Indiae]]<!-- ** [[Sikkim#Geology|Geology of Sikkim]]--> * [[Geologia Iaponiae]] * [[Geologia Philippinarum]] * [[Geologia Novae Zelandiae]] * [[Geologia Vietnamiae]] * [[Geologia Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]] ** ''Geologia CFA civitate digesta'' *** [[Geologia Alabamae]] *** [[Geologia Connecticutae]] *** [[Geologia Delavariae]] *** [[Geologia Floridae]] *** [[Geologia Georgiae (civitas CFA)|Geologia Georgiae]] *** [[Geologia Idahi]] *** [[Geologia Illinoesiae]] *** [[Geologia Iovae]] *** [[Geologia Kansiae]] *** [[Geologia Massachusettae]] *** [[Geologia Minnesotae]] *** [[Geologia Novae Caesareae]] *** [[Geologia Oklahomae]] *** [[Geologia Oregoniae]] *** [[Geologia Pennsilvaniae]] *** [[Geologia Tennesiae]] *** [[Geologia Texiae]] *** [[Geology Virginiae Occidentalis]] ** ''Geologia CFA regione vel proprietate digesta'' *** [[Geologia Appalachianorum]] *** [[Geologia Boreoccidentis Pacifici]] *** [[Geologia regionis Bryce Canyon]]''(Uta)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Canyonlands]] ''(Uta)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Capitol Reef]] ''(Uta)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Vallis Mortis]] ''(California)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Grand Canyon]] ''(Arizona)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Grand Teton]] ''(Vyomina)'' *** [[Geologia regionis Lassen area]] ''(California)''<!-- *** [[Mount Adams (Washington)#Geology|Geology of Mount Adams]] ''(Washington)''--> *** [[Geologia Montis Shasta]]e (California) *** [[Geologia regionis Yosemite]] (California) *** [[Geologia regionis Zion et Kolob canyons]] (Uta) *** [[Geologia glacialis Fluminis Genesee]] (Novum Eboracum, Pennsylvania) {{div col end}} ===Corpora caelestia=== *[[Geologia Lunae]] *[[Geologia Martis]] *[[Geologia Mercurii]] *[[Geologia Veneris]] {{NexInt}} [[Fasciculus:Leica DMRX.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Microscopium petrographicum]].]] [[Fasciculus:GCRockfall.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Terrae lapsus]] in [[Valles Grandis|Valli Grande]].]] {{div col|2}} *[[Aevum geologicum]] *[[Gemma (lapis)|Gemma]] *[[Geogonia]] *[[Historia terrae]] *[[Marmor]] *[[Pangaea]] *[[Rhegolithus]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== [[Fasciculus:Orogenic wedge.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Descriptio cunei orogenici ([[Anglice]] signata).]] *[[Georgius Agricola|Agricola, Georgius]]. [[1980]]. ''Vom Berg- und Hüttenwesen.'' Monaci: DTV. ISBN 3423060867. *Aubouin, Brousse, et Lehman. [[1975]]. ''Précis de géologie.'' Lutetie: Dunod. *Bahlburg, Heinrich, et Christoph Breitkreuz. [[2003]]. ''Grundlagen der Geologie.'' Ed. secunda. Heidelberg: Spektrum. ISBN 3-8274-1394-X. *Cutler, Alan. [[2004]]. ''Die Muschel auf dem Berg.'' Monaci: Knaus. ISBN 3-8135-0188-4. *Faupl, Peter. [[2003]]. ''Historische Geologie.'' Ed. secunda. UTB 2149. Vindobonae: Facultas. ISBN 3825221490. *Daniel, J. Y., et al. [[1999]]. ''Sciences de la Terre et de l’univers.'' Lutetiae: Vuibert. *Henningsen, Dierk, et Gerhard Katzung. [[2002]]. ''Einführung in die Geologie Deutschlands.'' Ed. sexta. Heidelberg: Spektrum. ISBN 3-8274-1360-5. *Hölder, Helmut. [[1989]]. ''Kurze Geschichte der Geologie und Paläontologie.'' Berolini: Springer. ISBN 3-540-50659-4. *Labhart, Toni P. [[1988]]. ''Geologie: Einführung in die Erdwissenschaften.'' Bernae. ISBN 3-444-50063-7. *Martin, Pierre. [[2010]]. ''Géologie appliquée au BTP.'' Lutetiae: Eyrolles. *Moret, L. [[1962]]. ''Précis de géologie.'' Ed. quarta. Lutetiae: Masson et Cie. *Murawski, Hans, et Wilhelm Meyer. [[2004]]. ''Geologisches Wörterbuch.'' Heidelberg: Spektrum. ISBN 978-3-8274-1445-8. *Press, Frank, et Raymond Siever. [[2003]]. ''Allgemeine Geologie.'' Ed. tertia. Heidelber: Spektrum. ISBN 3-8274-0307-3. Editio prima: ''Understanding Earth'' (Novi Eboraci: Freeman). *Selley, Richard C., L. Robin M. Cocks, et Ian R. Plimer, eds. [[2005]]. ''Encyclopedia of geology.'' Amstelodami: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-636380-3. *Stanley, Steven M. [[2001]]. ''Historische Geologie.'' Ed. secunda. Heidelbergae: Spektrum. ISBN 3827405696. *Winchester, Simon. [[2002]]. ''The Map that Changed the World: William Smith and the Birth of Modern Geology.'' Novi Eboraci: Perennial. ISBN 0060931809. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Geology|geologiam}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110903064659/http://www.geologyforum.org/ Commune interretiale studiosis geologiae dicatum,] * [http://geology.com/ ''Earth Science News, Maps, Dictionary, Articles, Jobs,''] * [http://books.google.com/books?id=-AcKAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Charles+Lyell&ei=YMOLSa_GE4uiyATW_Zy6BQ&client=firefox-a#PPR5,M1 ''Elements of Geology'' Caroli Lyell,] * [http://books.google.com/books?id=O2YNAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Charles+Lyell&ei=YMOLSa_GE4uiyATW_Zy6BQ&client=firefox-a#PPR3,M1 ''Principles of Geology, or the Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants, Considered as Illustrative of Geology'' Caroli Lyell,] * [http://www.agu.org/ Situs domesticus] (American Geophysical Union) * [http://www.egu.eu/ Situs domesticus] (European Geosciences Union) * [http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/ Situs domesticus] (Geological Society of London) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111029134635/http://www.geosociety.org/ Situs domesticus] (Geological Society of America) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101128060025/http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/essays/Hutton.htm ''Theoria Telluris'' a Iacobi Hutton,] {{Scientiae naturales et artes mathematicae}} {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Geologia|!]] [[Categoria:Historia scientiae Telluris]] k01gxt9k5bonzd8ez7rx90v5tsny21y 3 11442 3967336 3967281 2026-06-30T07:47:21Z Jondel 452 /* Pagina “Spider-Man” facta est adumbratio */ Reply 3967336 wikitext text/x-wiki Eheu, interlingua non possum uti, ac perfacile est lectu! Tecum loquar, arbitatro tuo, in latine, angice, aut hispanice, elegens de codice in meam paginam relicto linguas quibus possis loqui. Praeferro latine, aut anglice, ut possim loqui hispanice, ac non cum fluentia quam velim. Esto liberus mecum conloqui interlingua, modo non me expecta simile agere =]. Quaesitionem tuum in reddendo, latinam incepit discere in schola, praecipue ad Universitatem MariaeTerrae prope Vasingtoniam DC, ac lareatus sum, et nunc Latinitatem Unam doceo in schola publica. Liguistica maxime mihi placet, et latina modo est una praelatarum lingua mearum. De numeribus...bonus locus invenire numeros magnos est in Rebus Gestae [[Octavianus Augustus|Augusti]]. Apud Vicipaediam, utimur numeris arabicis in articulos scribendo. Sunt facliores legere, et parviores. Pax tibi, et mox conloquemur.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 02:17, 23 Februarii 2006 (UTC) :Non pote comprehender. I can't understand this yet. I 'll feed this to a machin translator.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 02:34, 23 Februarii 2006 (UTC) After careful examination I think I understand this. My (pathetic )translation:Hi! I don't use interlingua ac? but it is easy to read! Tecum? uh bleach...i give up..... returning to your question, I studied in school in University of Mary the Earth in Washington DC and I am larry now latin .....I am pleased with languges.. whatever... Rebus? With Wikipedia and a number of arabs i write in articles.They are facliores reading and small?parviores. Peace to your and mox? with talking? Wow, I can't use interlingua, but it sure is easy to read. I will speak with you, its your choice, in latin, english, or spanish, choosing from the list of languages you left in my profile that you are able to speak. I prefer latin or english, as I know spanish, but not with the fluency I'd like. Feel free to write to me in Interlingua, but dont expect me to do the same =]. In answering your question, I started to study Latin in school, specifically at the University of Maryland near DC, but I have graduated, and now teach Latin One in middle school. I love linguistics, and latin is among my favorite languages. ABout numbers...the best place to find examples of big numbers is in Augustus' ''Res Gestae''. At Vicipaedia, we use arabic numbers when writing articles. They are easier to read, and smaller. Peace, talk toy uo soon.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 03:23, 23 Februarii 2006 (UTC) ==Interlingua== Yes, it seems very easy to use, and if enough people knew it, would be a great lingua franca that people all over Europe could use. Its simplicity, however, is what I find, for lack of a better word, repulsive. It seems to me a forced mesh of languages that developed naturally, so it lacks all poeticality. Further, its grammar behaves differently than all languages it stemmed from (though admittedly, not unlike many of latin's descendants). What interests me about languages is the nuance, the turn of phrase, the intrinsic marks on a language's development as imposed by the collective psyche of its speakers. The other languages may be more difficult, but they are difficult for the reason that they were natural, and were learned as one lived, and not in the course of a day. With their difficulty comes the joy of poetry, and the pleasure of actually thinking the way someone else did, conceivably years after their languaged ceased to be used. I don't mean to slant interlingua, or you for studying it, it just seems that you are attracted to it for the very same reasons that I am not attracted to it.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 04:15, 23 Februarii 2006 (UTC) :On the difficulty of latin...I'm reminded of a line from Ovid: :Perfer et obdura, dolor hic tibi proderit olim :--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 05:58, 9 Martii 2006 (UTC) ::Bear and endure what was painful to you once and benefit/profit? (direct trans) proderit =>prodire -go forth ? --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 06:16, 9 Martii 2006 (UTC) :::Be tough and persevere...this pain will benefit you someday... (prodire literally to go forward, idiomatically benefit or be useful)--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 14:12, 9 Martii 2006 (UTC) == Article [[Philippinae]] == I think I understood your message in general, however, I have no idea of Interlingua. The word ''troppo'' seems to be important ... what does it mean? I had Latin in school for some years, but I've forgotten nearly everything. Luckily reading works in most cases. If you do not care that I do not understand Interlingua and just guess what you are meaning, you can write to me in Interlingua ... or Latin. ;-) For my answers you can choose between German, English and [[Perl]]. --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 19:03, 23 Februarii 2006 (UTC) Thanks for the translation to English. I could see: Interlingua's concept seems to work ... I guessed nearly all of the content :-) BTW, what about having some Babel templates on your user page? --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 22:05, 24 Februarii 2006 (UTC) :I placed the templates but there are none for [[interlingua]] and [[:en:tagalog]]?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 05:22, 28 Februarii 2006 (UTC) ==Emergency response== Yes, declensions are an ugly ugly beast. My only recommendation for understanding them, and then learning to use them, is perseverance and stiff drink...''very'' stiff. Honestly I don't know how the hell the Romans learned to use them thousands of years before whiskey was invented. It helps that the cases are named for what they mean... '''nomin'''ative is the naming case, '''gen'''itive is the case for ownership and belonging (genus, generate), '''dat'''ive is the indirect object case because it indicates recipient of action (from do, dare to give), '''accusa'''tive from accusare, '''ablat'''ive from ab+past participle of ferro, tuli, latus so the case of separation or carrying away, '''voca'''tive and '''loca'''tive kind of obvious. Just be glad it's not Estonian...they have 14-16 cases depending on whom you ask, not the 65-7 that Latin has. And btw...feel free to ask any more specific questions about declensions in Latin, or in any of several other languages.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 04:57, 27 Februarii 2006 (UTC) :Only when I can't find them in the online or hardprint dictionaries, latin aids etc. Gratias ago.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 06:39, 9 Martii 2006 (UTC) == utuntur == If you want a specific thing done, and are not just expressing your thoughts, please write in Latin, Spanish, Italian, or English...I get the gist of Interlingua, but not the nuance.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 03:14, 2 Martii 2006 (UTC) Utuntur is a form of utor, uti, usum est, to use. Ut is a particle and does not have any form other than ut. Delineatibus is not a word, as far as I know, delineatis is, being the ablative/dative plural perfect passive participle of delineo, delineare, delineavi, delineatum, which means the same thing as delineate in english, move from a line or path. As for dictionaries, I went through 3 copies of The New College Latin & English Dictionary by Bantam books during my undergraduate career. As for online, [http://catholic.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/words.exe? William Whitaker's Words] are awesome. Say you enter utuntur...you get ut.untur V 3 1 PRES IND 3 P utor, uti, usus sum V DEP [XXXAX] use, make use of, enjoy; enjoy the friendship of (with ABL); or for delineatibus Two words May be 2 words combined (delineati+bus) If not obvious, probably incorrect b.us N 4 1 NOM S C b.us N 4 1 VOC S C b.us N 4 1 GEN S C b.us N 4 1 NOM P C b.us N 4 1 VOC P C b.us N 4 1 ACC P C bus, bus N C [BAXDO] Early lesser ox, bull; cow; cattle (pl.); (odd form mostly in Varro); delineat.i VPAR 1 1 GEN S M PERF PASSIVE PPL delineat.i VPAR 1 1 GEN S N PERF PASSIVE PPL delineat.i VPAR 1 1 NOM P M PERF PASSIVE PPL delineat.i VPAR 1 1 VOC P M PERF PASSIVE PPL delineo, delineare, delineavi, delineatus V TRANS [XXXDO] lesser delineate; trace the outline of; (sketch out L+S); and for an English=>Latin dictionary try [http://catholic.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/lookdown.pl? Notre Dame's Page]. I don't know of a good Latin=>English dictionary online. But I would do little guessing at forms, guess at emasnings, but not forms.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 03:52, 2 Martii 2006 (UTC) == phillipines == what does this mean, in spanish or english? ''et primus praesidens fuit post patrem suum, cui nomen Diosdado Macapagal.'' :Uh, it was supposed to mean ' the first president after her father whose name is Diosdado Macapagal'. Bassically I wanted to say that her father was a president too. Paterned after George Bushs latin description of the same. :Is this grammatically correct? 'Olim praesidens Diosdado Macapagal filliae est.'( ?)--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 01:57, 7 Martii 2006 (UTC) ::No... That means either (since Diosdado doesnt decline) '''the president of the daughter is once Diosdado...''' or '''once the praesident is of the daughter of Diosdado...''' or something else that doesn't make sense. I'm sorry, let me revise, I didn't know what you wetre trying to say.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 02:03, 7 Martii 2006 (UTC) :Yeah...don't use J...juan is perfectly well latinized as Iohannes. I don't know what you mean by in San Juan Metro Manila... She was born in San Juan(a district in ), Metro Manila. Nevermind the 'san Juan'. I'll just remove this(not significant). About the president's daugher thing: Praesedens veteri Diosdado Macapagal filliae est. Question filliae is genitive here isn't it (genetive:of the)? 'natus est ' is wrong?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 02:17, 7 Martii 2006 (UTC) She's a girl...--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 02:26, 7 Martii 2006 (UTC) == superbus == It actually means proud...magnificus, fantasticus, miranda, something like that. Looks like a good site.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 06:34, 15 Martii 2006 (UTC) :For begginers (like me). Makes latin learning possible and even interesting(this is blasphemy)!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 07:37, 15 Martii 2006 (UTC) == idioms == I just stumbled upon the page looking at recent changes, and those were some phrases I knew off the top of my head, and didn't have to sit down and think about. I'll take another look tonight.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 04:02, 22 Martii 2006 (UTC) :Thanks. I made a correction (credere=> creare). Does nationalis decline like hostis? --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:18, 22 Martii 2006 (UTC) == hymnus nationalis == Nah. Nationalis for one is an adjective, not a noun. For two, I don't really think hostis or nationalis look plural. Further, it's hymnus, not hymno, hymno would be dative or ablative. 3rd declension adjectives have singular nominative in is, unless neuter, when they end in e. Hymnus nationalis is fine. Hymno nationali would be ablative singular, from or because of the national anthem. Nothing singular ends in i in nominative.----[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 01:16, 23 Martii 2006 (UTC) :Gratias ago. Gotta read that chapter on adjectives.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 01:19, 23 Martii 2006 (UTC) == studuntur est == What does this mean, out of curiosity? I read it as, '''it is, they are zealed after?''' Studere means to zeal, but, studuntur is not a form of that exists, in any verb that I know of.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 01:40, 28 Martii 2006 (UTC) :<s>Anglicized latin.</s> Don't be horrified. It 's my agenda for study. I try to memorize a few lines, phrases from model works. My method is a bit hard but it is easier for me to memorize sample sentences of grammar rules as a pattern then substitute different words; rather than memorize the grammar rule then calculate/formulate the sentence I would like to express. Worked well for me with Spanish and Japanese. Back to the question. It was supposed to mean: For study/Must study. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 02:05, 28 Martii 2006 (UTC) ::But where did you find something like studuntur est, from which to copy? And what, pray tell, is Anglicized at all about '''studuntur est'''? It is vulgarized, but in no way Anglicized. I'd memorize some patterns, were I you. '''Studendum/a'''(if you want to pluralize)''' est/sunt''', or '''studium dandum est''', I think you were after. Studeo, studere the verb, not studo, studere which has the definition I listed above.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 02:20, 28 Martii 2006 (UTC) :::Sorry again, I meant Latinized English. Studium dandum est seems fine.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 02:29, 28 Martii 2006 (UTC) == Aemilius Aguinaldo == There are more pictures there: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 20:22, 2 Maii 2006 (UTC) == Usor:Bocianski/experimentum == Hello, can you see that article and correct it? I don't know, how to name Kurówka River and Polish villages in Latino. In en-version and Polish version are also fotos, I don't know how to put in in article. [[Usor:Bocianski|Bocianski]] 07:01, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) :But I'm just a beginner in Latin! Most of my latin articles are copy and paste from similar ones. I think Kurówka River would be Fluvia Kurokae.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 07:11, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) ::Copy-paste, you say? Hm, well, and those villages and 1 town (Puławy)? What do you think about Garbovia, Markusovia, Pulawia? I have problem with Końskowola. Końskowola literaly in Polish language mean Will of Horse, but name (old version: Konińskawola) came from german "Woll" - (lat. liberta villa, see [[:en:Wola (settlement)]]) and owner's patronimic name Dzierslavus de Konin. [[Usor:Bocianski|Bocianski]] 07:22, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) And why Kurokae? ówka is sufiks added to Kurów. If Curovia, then Curoca or Curocae. This might be useful but you probably have this link already:[catholic.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/lookdown.pl Notre Dame English to Latin dictionary]. Will of the horse would be Voluntas Equus or Voluntas Equi? Liberta villa -> Vecus libertae (genitive) or Vecus Liberta(nominative agreeing with form of Vecus). Village of Konin->Vedus Coninsis. I usually check similar articles in English then go to the latin version. e.g. for University of Manila , I went to University of Harvard ->Latin version then copy , paste to Universitas Manilae then changed relevant info like dates etc. Of course I am studying latin on my own (Nominative, genitive, etc) and attempting to read classics.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 07:36, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) :No, I haven't seen this link at this moment. Copy-paste, I know it :) I learned latin little, but many years ago, so now I copy and paste. But I have good understanding. I think that, I'll leave my "experimentum" and will seek some historical names on old maps or documents. If you want, you can correct my "experimentum", if you have better informations. You can also to show it to somebody. Will be better waiting for good info than to product bad article. Can I request for something? Can you translate [[:en:Chrząchów]] and [[:en:Kurówka River]] to spain or japan and other yours languages? For pay back for it, I can translate something for you to polish from En, Ru or Fr. Maybe my active English isn't excellent, but my translation are good. Seeya, [[Usor:Bocianski|Bocianski]] 08:13, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) ::If you studied, then your latin should definitely be better than mine. I will look into your translation offers. See you.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 14:29, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) == Manilae == If it's "Manila University" i would say Maniliensis, but if it's the "University of Manila" I'd say Manilae.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 12:23, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) :Gratias ago. Confirms my translation.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 14:25, 12 Maii 2006 (UTC) == invitatio == Thanks for your emendations to my barbaric spanish!--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 12:52, 24 Maii 2006 (UTC) :Your welcome. Actually I still need a lot of Spanish to learn but I'm sure of my corrections.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 00:47, 25 Maii 2006 (UTC) == Perl == Unfortunately ;-) Wikipedia uses PHP. However, you can use [[Perl]] when you download a database dump (see [[Vicipaedia:Praefatio]]) or when you use the www-mediawiki-client from [[CPAN]], which - at the moment - does not work for the Latin WP because of a bug. I have made a script where I can make some investigations locally. I am using XML::Twig for parsing the XML dump. --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 20:07, 6 Iunii 2006 (UTC) gratias ago.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:36, 8 Iunii 2006 (UTC) == Word order == For many, that is the whole fun of latin. The poets used this to an awesome extent...for instance...a sentence like in pectore ferrum conditum vulnerato est, (in chest sword plunged wounded was, proper english word order: the sword was plunged in the wounded chest) where vulneratum modifies pectus, so that with the word order, it actually ''looks'' like the sword is "inside" the wounded chest. A very cool thing. Many neolatinists though default to a more sensible word order that fits the chomskyan programming their native language has imprinted upon their brain. Be bold, and creative with it, I say. The first site you sent me is sweet! You seem to find a dearth of those sites online, well done. But the second site...I'm not so sure why you sent that to me. The bible in english? No offense but that is hardly useful to me, and in my humble opinion, anyone else really. A silly little book it is, over which more people have been killed than anything else, that describes in one half the world of a backwards people and their wrathful god, and in the second half, god's schizophrenic realization that he should love his creations and the best way to do that is by sacrificing his only son, who really didn't have a whole lot useful to say either. Love thy neighbor sure, but if someone hits you on the cheek, hit him back...that makes much more sense to me. Further barely anything he said isn't covered by eastern philosophy, and by secular western philosophy, both before and after. The only creative thing he said was that the only way to the one true god was through him, and if you don't really like that one true god, it doesn't much help.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 13:24, 7 Iunii 2006 (UTC) :Of course I should add that these are my own views entirely, and I don't mean to slight anyone else's! =]--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 00:20, 8 Iunii 2006 (UTC) I have a knack cause I 'm trying to learn and can't help but search once in a while. Bible: Please look again [http://www.newadvent.org/bible/joh001.htm here] Well, this is vulgar latin. It probably can't compare with classical. Still , this vulgar latin is ''practical'' everyday latin that was meant to be used and spoken.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:42, 8 Iunii 2006 (UTC) In the beginning was the Word: and the Word was with God: and the Word was God.<br> In principio erat Verbum et Verbum erat apud Deum et Deus erat Verbum <br> 1:2. The same was in the beginning with God.<br> Hoc erat in principio apud Deum<br> 1:3. All things were made by him: and without him was made nothing that was made.<br> Omnia per ipsum facta sunt et sine ipso factum est nihil quod factum est <br> 1:4. In him was life: and the life was the light of men.<br> In ipso vita erat et vita erat lux hominum<br> 1:5. And the light shineth in darkness: and the darkness did not comprehend it.<br> Et lux in tenebris lucet et tenebrae eam non conprehenderunt<br> 1:6. There was a man sent from God, whose name was John.<br> Fuit homo missus a Deo cui nomen erat Iohannes<br> ::Aha! The link you sent the first time only had english, my mistakte. Yes that is actually pretty sweet, I've only read parts of the bible in latin. Thanks.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 13:12, 8 Iunii 2006 (UTC) No, it was my mistake sorry. Anyway, in learning a language, it is much easier for me to memorize phrases exemplifying the grammar then, sort of mental cut and paste with what you want to say rather than 'calculating ' the phrase according to grammar rules. I also memorize a few made up phrases using the grammar. Wonderful growth experience!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 23:22, 8 Iunii 2006 (UTC) == [[Oceania]] == Please, can you have a look at [[Oceania]], {{fn|Oceania}} and {{fn|Asia}}? Some nations are listed on both templates. Thanks! --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 19:47, 12 Iunii 2006 (UTC) Roland, it is hard to demarcate these countries(Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, etc) and may belong to both. Although , for example Australia is a separate continent, I sometimehttp://la.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/button_sig.png Your signature with timestamps see them participating in Asian events. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 05:10, 13 Iunii 2006 (UTC) :This is sometimes true for Australia/Austria, too ;-) Shouldn't we add a comment to those countries in the list which we put ''intentionally'' both into Oceania and Asia? Similar situation with some countries in Asia/Europe. --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 06:19, 13 Iunii 2006 (UTC) ::That would be informative and very good. Why not start with one and I will make the same comment on others.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:56, 15 Iunii 2006 (UTC) I will ask Ioshus if this is correct: ^&dagger;Etiam membrum Oceania/Asia est. (Also a member of Oceanico).--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:56, 15 Iunii 2006 (UTC) Roland 2 I've already started.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 00:10, 16 Iunii 2006 (UTC) :This looks nice! :-) --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 00:34, 16 Iunii 2006 (UTC) :: Thanks :D --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:29, 16 Iunii 2006 (UTC) :::I've put the footnote inside the frame ... hopefully even nicer ... or just revert it. ;-) --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 09:01, 16 Iunii 2006 (UTC) == De Vicipaedia Latina == Salve Jondel, Scribere volo relationem de Vicipaedia latina (pro commentario periodico nomine "vox latina"). Mihi gaudio est, si alias quaestiones respondere vis: *1) Quid est Vicipaedia? *2) Quomodo Vicipaedia differt ab lexicis aliis? *3) Quomodo Vicipaedia latina differt ab Vicipaediis aliarum linguarum? *4) a) Quomodo lemmata cum argumento falso vel ficto scripta prohiberi possunt? b) Quomodo lemmata in falsa lingua latina scripta prohiberi possunt? *5) Quam utilitatem Vicipaedia mihi dat? *6) Quas alias paginas latinas in interrete commendare potes? *7) Ullam quaestionem desideras? Aliquas annotationes facere vis? Gratias tibi ago pro labore tuo, --[[Usor:Lupambulus|Lupambulus]] 16:35, 15 Septembris 2006 (UTC) == Delenda == Do you want to delete [[Usor:Jondel/Gladiator(pellicula)]] or did you save it? It contains the <nowiki>{{delenda}}</nowiki> template ... --[[Usor:Rolandus|Rolandus]] 21:29, 3 Februarii 2007 (UTC) :Let me remove the delenda template. I was scared the article would be deleted so I made a personal copy.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 02:36, 4 Februarii 2007 (UTC) ::Ok! I assumed this ... --[[Usor:Rolandus|Rolandus]] 07:15, 4 Februarii 2007 (UTC) == possibility mood == You are thinking of mood, not tense. And yes and no . . . Latin has the subjunctive, which is often used to express possibility. This is called potential subjunctive in Latin. Your sentence, though, needs a little work: :''Forsan Philippinas est maniola indicatur a Ptolemeus.'' :"Perhaps the (accusative?) Phillippines is maniola, is indicated by Ptolemeus (nominative?)" Just correcting your sentence, we would have :''Forsan Phillippinae sint maniola a Ptolemeo indicata. '' Not knowing at all what maniola is might be a problem, but I would change it further, still. :''Fortasse Phillippinae sint maniola quam Ptolemeus descripsit.'' Just my two cents. Hope it helps! --[[Usor:Ioscius Rocchius|Ioscius]] <small>^{[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioscius Rocchius|(disp)]]}</small> 04:20, 10 Septembris 2007 (UTC) ::No no. accusative is only used for direct object. Here Phillippinae are the subject, so they must be in the nominative case, as I have changed. Similarly, "a" takes ablative, not nominative. --[[Usor:Ioscius Rocchius|Ioscius]] <small>^{[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioscius Rocchius|(disp)]]}</small> 13:29, 10 Septembris 2007 (UTC) :::Incidentally, his spelling seems to be variable in this conversation, but he usually answers to [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemaeus]]! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:02, 10 Septembris 2007 (UTC) Thank you. Ioscius and Andrew, you insights are very informative!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:47, 13 Septembris 2007 (UTC) ==Query== Jondel, I don't understand your addition to [[Lingua Cebuanensis]]: "Maxima loquentium linguarum incertum est nam, auctores hac prodidere." Can you tell me in English what you mean? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:00, 21 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) :(That Cebuano) is the most(maxima) of languages(linguarum genitive /plural) being spoken(loquentium - present participle/genitive) is uncertain (incertum est)but (nam) proponents(auctores) hac prodidere (are saying this)- (It is uncertain that Cebuano is the most spoken language, but some people are proposing/insisting this). This is paterned after "Forte an dolo principis incertum est sed utrum que prodidere. " which I read somewhere but memorized.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 14:25, 21 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) ::It's by Tacitus (ann. 15.38), whose prose is unfortunately both one of the best and the most difficult in Latin literature. ''Nam'' means <s>''therefore''</s> ''for'', and ''loquentium'' means ''of the speaking (not: spoken) ones'', ''loqui'' being a verbum deponens. What do you think of: ''Sunt qui contendant maximam populi partem hac lingua uti, quod pro certo autem probari non potest.'' ("There are some who claim that the majority of the people use this language, which, however, cannot be confirmed as certain.")--[[Usor:Ceylon|Ceylon]] 14:54, 21 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) :::Ceylon, its very good. Pardon me since I'm still a tironis(beginner) in latin. Btw, sorry about nam, I meant 'but' (sed?). I think I would like to use that. What tips would you have to learning latin? I'm trying to read the first year latin in my university library, although I'm an alumni already.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 15:10, 21 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) ::There are various ways to say ''but'': ''sed, autem, verum ...''. People usually start off with a primer (as you do) to learn the grammar, and then read Caesar's ''De bello Gallico'' and some Cicero (''In Verrem'' or ''Cato maior'') first. Alternatively, you might want to go for Livy or Seneca's ''Epistulae morales'', which might be more interesting, but also a little harder.--[[Usor:Ceylon|Ceylon]] 15:28, 21 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) :::Yikes! :{ I still have a long way to go. Btw, I was reading just yesterday that to use the indirect statements you would use accusative + infinitive which you showed (maximam-acc, uti-infinitive)very well. De bello Gallico, who doesn't know "Gallia est omnis divisa in partis tres.....". I'll make the Changes to the cebuano article later as you suggested.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 15:36, 21 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) ::An afterthought: An easy and interesting book to start reading Latin, especially in a Vicipaedia context, is ''Vitae excellentium imperatorum'' by Cornelius Nepos, which I am sure you can also find online (e.g. on the Perseus Project).--[[Usor:Ceylon|Ceylon]] 07:28, 22 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) :::Vehementer gaudeo. Gratias ago! I will look at this now. Cheers.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:23, 22 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC) ==Nexus, -us== Xaverius Jondel s.p.d. Vidi mutationem paginae Sichismus. Notate ''nexus'' est nomen [[Declinatio Quarta|declinationis quartae]], ita nominativus pluralis -us est. Vale--[[Usor:Xaverius|Xaverius]] 00:25, 16 Maii 2008 (UTC) :Jondel please note above that Nexus is a fourth declension noun!--[[Usor:Rafaelgarcia|Rafaelgarcia]] 01:49, 16 Maii 2008 (UTC) == Buon Natale == (merry Christmas) to you and thanks. I also appreciate much your work and wish you the best for 2009--[[Usor:Massimo Macconi|Massimo Macconi]] 18:16, 24 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :Felix Dies Natalis, amice! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 01:38, 25 Decembris 2008 (UTC) ::Gratias ago, amices. Same to you guys! ==Today's vandal== You're trying valiantly to repair the damage, amice, sed puto hunc scelestum esse celeriorem quam te! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 03:57, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :Thank you. Could you block him? I happen to be on my day off.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:05, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) ::No, I'm not a magistrate, so I don't have special powers. The magistrates must be sleeping. A perfect time for a vandal to get busy! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 04:06, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) ::: Ayyayy. Well maybe some tekkie magistrate could autoreverse all the vandals. Uh in the meantime..... we'll just have just have to dothis manually. Uhh I happen to be an administrator in a couple of other language wikis.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:12, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) ::::Maybe UV can do it. There might be a way to reverse them all at once. Surely there ''should'' be! Et gratias Iustino pro supplicio sumpto de hoc usore ignoto! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 04:18, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :::::I've blocked him, but I'm afraid I don't know how to autoreverse. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 04:19, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :::::: Gratias ad omnis(?? correct). Well,uh I think there is just a few vandals left to revert.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:26, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) ::::::: Omnibus. And you're welcome, tibi gratias for doing the grunt work. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 04:28, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :::::::: Gratias ad Iacobo , Iustino et mihi ( he he... ). --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 04:37, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :::::::::Meas gratias addere velim! Optime fecisti, Jondel. --[[Usor:Fabullus|Fabullus]] 07:29, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) ::::::::::Et ego. Dormiebam! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:30, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :::::::::::Ego quoque! --[[Usor:Amphitrite|Amphitrite]] 12:06, 29 Decembris 2008 (UTC) :::::::::::: Babae! Your welcome, etiam Fabullus, Andrew Dalby et Amphitrite.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 22:13, 30 Decembris 2008 (UTC) == Re: Lechus Walesa == Hello! Thank you so much for your help :) Best wishes, [[Usor:Patrol110|Patrol110]] 07:49, 22 Septembris 2009 (UTC) :You welcome! Anytime.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:23, 22 Septembris 2009 (UTC) == Res [[Savaria]]e == Martinus Jondel salutem plurimam dicit Ad primum tibi gratias ago permaximas pro emendationibus tuis, et scire debes me parvulum Anglice loqui posse. Mihi rogare licetne, num "Moravians" (qui a me [[Bohemia|Bohemicis]] comparati sunt) significationem aliam Latinam habet? Estne? In mea re, quod scripsisti, pagina disputationis, hoc est coaria in convertabo e Hungaria in Latinam. "Átmeneti morva uralom után 900 körül a várost elfoglalták a magyarok." Bohemico brevi tempore recto, circum 900 urbs a Hungaris occupata est. Vale --[[Usor:Martinus567|Martinus567]] 08:05, 12 Martii 2010 (UTC) :Salve Martine, ut vales? Tibi servire mihi placet. Ecce, timeo te dicere me modo esse sextam annos discendis latinitatis. Sentio me non magristum esse quem dicere latinam an non fuisset. :Rediens sententiam tuam, fortunas nobis est qua Medio Aevo(medivalis) Vaticanoque sunt fontes plurimus Moriviae aut aliis latinabus utroque interetilis. Iam dixi Savariae disputatione de Hoffman Vaticanaque. Iam scis situm hoffman. Nobis est [[Magna Moravia]] hic vicipedia. Significationem aliam Latinam habere non credo sed non est territorium adcurate idem! Nescio te respondere recte ideoneoque sed spero sic fecisse.Qui est coaria? Rursum rediens, ex pagina disputationis Savariae, istem Hungaria sententia translatio, credo esse:"Moravia circa 900 anno brevis temporis a/ab Hungaris occupata est." Qui opinas? Vale.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 07:38, 13 Martii 2010 (UTC) :Salve! Gratias, sic iam bene est.--[[Usor:Martinus567|Martinus567]] 11:15, 13 Martii 2010 (UTC) ::Babae!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 02:53, 15 Martii 2010 (UTC) == tuae emendationes - your corrections == [[Imago:Flag of Rome.svg|20px]] Martinus tibi, Jondel, s.p.d.! Quod tuas mutationes pertinet apud rem [[Savaria]] denominatam, probemata sunt: notus ac coitus ''non est'' [[nomen adiectivum]], sed [[nomen substantivum]]. hoc problema est etiam "cultum" pertinens. Valeto. [[Imago:English language.svg|20px]] Dear Jondel! As for your correction in my [[Savaria]], I mean that there are some problems. notus ac coitus ''is'nt'' adjectiv, but noun. this is same with the word "cultus". Goodbye! --[[Usor:Martinus567|Martinus567]] 12:50, 21 Aprilis 2010 (UTC) :But they are used as adjectives. e.g. they describe the subject.(?)--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 13:24, 21 Aprilis 2010 (UTC) ::[[Imago:Flag of Rome.svg|20px]] bene, emendavi, recte dixisti notum ac ciotum pertinens. Sed cultus (-ús m) non est declinationis secundae, hoc est non possumus e vocabulo "culta"m creare. ::[[Imago:English language.svg|20px]] Ok, I have corrected "notus ac coitus," but we cannot create the same with "cultus," because it belongs to a different declension. --[[Usor:Martinus567|Martinus567]] 18:31, 24 Aprilis 2010 (UTC) :::Bene. Gratias tibi aliquam novam latinium ego docui!(Ok. Thanks to you, I learned something new about latin!)--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 09:10, 25 Aprilis 2010 (UTC) == In response to your comment on my page == Hello! I can understand that completely - what I ''don't'' understand is why English titles are used for things (such as ''The Legend of Zelda'') which should be in Japanese (''Zeruda no Densetsu''). Japanese has about as much to do with Latin as English does, minus a few load-words, so I don't see why English is preferred when the English title is itself a translation [[Usor:Nikolaos|Nikolaos]] 01:23, 10 Iulii 2010 (UTC) :I see. Sorry I totally misunderstood. There is a 'movere' tab available which everyone should absolutely feel free to use. I can move it too if you want. 'Zeruda no Densetsu' ? By the way, I've lived in Japan for 12 years and frequently use Japanese in my daily job.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 00:55, 11 Iulii 2010 (UTC) == IEEE == Ciao. I did some corrections on your page IEEE: collegium is a neutre word therefore internationale non internationalis, in Novo Eboraco (because you are speaking about a static situation, if there were instead a movement "eo in Novum Eboracum")--[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 06:30, 9 Octobris 2010 (UTC) :Ciao. I highly appreciate your corrections. I 've learned to be careful with the agreement of using neutral verbs(conditum, collegium). Please, however, if the latin is not too horrible, don't rate it as "4" or at least give a clue on how it can be improved, grammar, adjective- noun agreement, etc. I also, do want to have great latin quality in the articles afterall. Gratias ago. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 06:37, 9 Octobris 2010 (UTC) ::Dear Jondel for propagationibus I agree with you perhaps a dative can be used as well as a genetive. I used however the genetive according to the use in Romance languages: le vie di diffusione, les voies de diffusion etc. I disagree instead with IEEE. Could you explain me what does it mean Commissiones Notabiles IEEE et formata suis? II have inserted a rate because I believe it will be useful so that people who can write a better Latin then mine (therefore I cant give more clues, I have the feeling the language is not correct, but unfortunately I am not able to correct it, I repeat my Latin is very poor) can correct further my/your pages, but I respect your point and I do not add again the rating. :::Ok. If you do feel it can be improved, do <u>please add the rating</u>. I guess I would like to see them improve but sometimes I feel this is the best that can be done. I fear when someone else "improves" the meaning gets lost. I worked as a professional translator for Japanese, Spanish and English. I am doing my best to improve my latin. The romance language I am very familiar with is Spanish. Commissiones Notabiles IEEE et formata suis: from English: Notable Committees and their formats (Many new technology specifications/formats are decided upon by these sub organizations of IEEE). --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:35, 9 Octobris 2010 (UTC) ::Dear Jondel I add a -2 rating (sorry for -4 but I have some problem in understandig the scale of judgement the descriptio of -3 seems to me more critical then -4) . For the sentence ''Notable Committees and their formats'' also in English it's difficult for me to understand its real meaning, I will ask therefore our friends in Taberna if they approve your translation or they believe it can be improved.I thank you for your work I believe you are doing a good job. I have always believed that in Latin adjectives (internationalis, -e) et verbs (conditus, a, um) must always agree with the name they have to do, isn't correct? Ciao--[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 09:02, 9 Octobris 2010 (UTC) :::Sub Collaborationes Pro Formatta? Thank you for the compliments. I admire your work as well. Yes, adjectives and the verb(conditus functioning as an adjective) must agree in gender.I've made changes in the meantime. Our Taberna friends are more than welcome to improve. Actually anybody as per wiki regulations. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 23:45, 9 Octobris 2010 (UTC) == Nagasacium - cupiditas == :tunc cupiditates novas Iaponiam ad bellos cum [[Sinae (regio)|Sericis]] anno 1895 et [[Russia|Sarmata]] anno [[1905]] duxerunt. Nam cupiditas, -is et ergo nominativus pluralis cupiditatES et verbum plurale duxERUNT--[[Specialis:Conlationes/62.202.2.151|62.202.2.151]] 08:41, 18 Octobris 2010 (UTC) ::Fas es; me dolet. Licet me emendem.Gratias vero ago. ::Iam emendationem fecisti, gratias ago.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:56, 18 Octobris 2010 (UTC) :::Errrr.... ''cupiditates nov'''AE'''''. bellum, belli, n, ergo ''ad bell'''a'''''. ''in bella'' etiam potius. -- [[Usor:Ioscius|Ioscius]] ^{'''[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioscius|∞]]'''} 09:37, 18 Octobris 2010 (UTC) ::::Hercle!! Rursum gratiam ago.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 09:50, 18 Octobris 2010 (UTC) ==De viro qui mavult sermonem Anglorum== Mi Jondel. Video [[Disputatio_Usoris:Dandv|disputationem tuam cum viro Dacoromanico]] de linguis francis, et nunc te scribo Latine, ne nos intellegat. Si vero is malefactor est, non licet nobis cum eo disputare. Iam Rafael noster hanc rem dixit in pagina disputationis sua. Si iste vir solum insidias creare vult, melior est si nos omnes eum ignoremus. Et tandem, video hanc rem et memoro [[Disputatio_Vicipaediae:Legatio_nostra#Proposal_to_close_Latin_Wikipedia|rem a SeaHen disputatam]]. Consilium meum tibi, simpliciter eum neglege.--[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 10:32, 11 Novembris 2010 (UTC) :Etiam, iste vir expectat argumentos creare (ut videmus in pagina sua: [[Usor:Dandv|Please direct flak to My English userpage]]. Certe si no malefactor, puto eum discordiae et dissentionis cultorem esse.--[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 10:38, 11 Novembris 2010 (UTC) :::Ita. Nobis malefactore non disputandum est. Hercle! Me dictis latinis elatus sum! Qualibet conor ne eum disputem aut tales malefactoribus et ut me monuisses gaudeo. Forsan aliquando opus est tibi me monere ne obliviscar sed per me ipsum ego memini conor serio. Nexo de SeaHenis me dato gaudeo et valde fruor. Non auctoritates latinitates esse bene scio et caveandum et cura nobis est. Novam latinam creare non velim sed progrediendum nobis est. Rafaeli me paenitet.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 16:35, 11 Novembris 2010 (UTC) == Hello, Mr. Jondel == Hi, my name is Erico, and I want to thank you by correcting my text (Past Masters). I know Latin is a very hard language, and my skills in this language is still far far away from perfection. I do not use Latin for writing since College times, only reading, so, sorry by the imperfections. So, one more time, thank you very much. Erico Molero. São Paulo, Brazil. :Exoptatus. Tueri si tibi palaceat norma et mores.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 06:08, 10 Decembris 2010 (UTC) == Latinitas templates == You mustn't remove them, Jondel, before the Latin has been improved. I agree with Erico above -- "Latin is a very hard language", and it is true, you know, that the Latin you write needs correction. It's true of all of us: why, you have corrected my Latin more than once :) We all need the advice of others. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 22:04, 28 Decembris 2010 (UTC) :How can you put templates asking for corrections if you don't know exactly what needs to be corrected? If you did know at least give guidance because I doo take the pain to improve on a permant level. With templates, very few would really make the effort to improve them too, if they are needed. Cur cura tibi est when it is highly possible few will read them anyway? When the articles get corrected they miss out on points which I feel need to be expressed. At leased I would request some pointers where grammar points need to be improved. I don't want to be presumptious but I feel I am doing my fairs shair of studies and I feel I am getting confident. I know you are way ahead of me but I do have years here since I first started. Why the templates? Does it really help? Many times the same idea was simply expressed in a different way but the original grammar was really correct and it jars me to see it changed. We don't have a standard. Show that certain grammar rules where broken and you can put those templates. In the meantime I am putting my outmust effort to perfect the grammar. Why does Latin have to be a "hard language"? That mindset is what is killing the language and preventing it's spread. If you feel the templates are required,let me at least check (at my level of latin) that there are no grammar rules broken, then if it is still needed perhaps a -2 would be ok.In good faith. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 13:53, 29 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::You know, really, that it doesn't work like that. It isn't personal. The aim is to have good pages, in Latin that all Latin readers can understand. If someone sees a page that needs changing, they may either change it themselves, or mark it as needing improvement. It isn't Jondel's page: they aren't criticising Jondel: they just think the page needs to be improved. When we write on Vicipaedia, we all expect this to happen. ::If someone writes an explanation on the talk page about what needed changing, that's a bonus! It helps us to learn! But you can't demand that this must happen every time. ::I'm sure you're getting better, and you will get better still each time you look at how your pages have been edited and try to understand the reasons. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:13, 29 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::::I want to learn but you have to show you want to learn as well. Can I ask, is the general opinion(maybe yours) is that for example, we can not use per + acc to mean 'by'? I feel that many are not looking beyond the other meanins or uses of particle words an grammar. e.g. per must only be used to mean "through" and never to mean "by" there are others. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 14:18, 29 Decembris 2010 (UTC) :::::You seem to be asking the same question on my userpage too. It isn't ideal to study one foreign language through another foreign language: as you will admit, you have problems with both English and Latin. Well, there are possibly one or two cases where Latin "per + acc." can be translated by English "by". But that doesn't help you. English is not relevant: you are writing Latin, and the real purpose is to write Latin that other people can understand. If in general you use "per + acc." to mean the same as English "by", people will not understand you. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:42, 29 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::::::Only sometimes may we use ''per'' to mean 'by'. Secundum Gildersleeve: "'''Per.''' Of Space, ''through&thinsp;;'' of Time, ''during&thinsp;;'' of Cause, ''owing to&thinsp;;'' of Instrument, ''by'' (both persons and things)&thinsp;; of Manner, ''by, in.''" None of these uses fits the use to which you tried to apply ''per&thinsp;:'' the agent of a passive verb, for which Latin uses ''a/ab/abs.'' Instrument, Manner, and Agency are different concepts in Latin; of course other languages may collapse them together, as English can with ''by.'' ¶ The reason people don't always give you specific advice is that doing so has costs that they choose not to pay. Writing this passage, for example, has deprived Vicipaedia of an article on an Oceanic orchid. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 14:46, 29 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::::::::It is rare but still correct. Please don't blame for lossing that article. I've lost a lot of precious articles on two different wikis(English and Spanish). The sentence which eludes me right now but I memorized by heart is "Re publica per me defensa nobis eorum benevolentiam conciliavit." From the grammar book I have 'per deos' by the gods, I will try to avoid usage in this way. I 'm sorry for any trouble. ad benevolentiam conciliemus. I have to go now.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 15:28, 29 Decembris 2010 (UTC) :::::::::Things that are "correct" for one author, period, style, or purpose might not be "correct" for another. What do you mean by the notion of "losing" articles? So far as one can tell, the articles you've worked on are still here. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 11:52, 30 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::::::::::Not. The articles were, according to them, not notable. Vicky Belo is a big celebrity here but when unacceptable as an Encyclopedia article at the Spanish. SSS-PC is a type of Operating System which got lost at the English. Also at the English, certain articles about Edgar Cayce where lost. I am very upset about those. Helveticus is upset that through me he lost an article. I'm upset that my articles have templates that are not in good latin when I'm pretty sure they are pretty good. I will try to stick to grammar forms which most are familiar with. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 12:06, 30 Decembris 2010 (UTC) :::::::::::"Here' = 'in Vicipaedia'. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 12:16, 30 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::::::::::::Ok. Anyway, there is no need to use 'per' in the instrumentative sense and will avoid it in this way. I would like to focus on contributing in the standard wiki-acceptable latin. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 12:25, 30 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::Dear Jondel, I'm sorry that I do not have always the time to check the vocabularies and the grammars and to make corrections. Therefore, having the feeling that a page (example [[Lobjan]]) needed some corrections, I made the first changes and then put the template. Frankly I do not believe that -2 was the right measure at the beginning, but, on reflection, I think -5 was too low[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 18:21, 29 Decembris 2010 (UTC) :::If you do not have the time then how do you know the Latin is bad? Where do you base it? I started out as a beginner but we (you too)both have many years now. I occasionally forget and make typographical mistakes but that is rare now.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 12:06, 30 Decembris 2010 (UTC) ::::Jondel, it is necessary to be prepared to learn from others. Of course it's difficult for you if you have to learn Latin through English, when English is not your mother tongue, but we are ready to help. Like Iacobus, I don't understand about the lost articles. I don't think your articles here on Vicipaedia have been deleted. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:17, 30 Decembris 2010 (UTC) I agree and I thank you for your kind patience. I would appreciate you guidance specially with the templates, specifically specific details, where those templates based if you have the time. This may demand too much time and effort but I will make efforts to learn them thoroughly. I occasionally commit typos and careless mistakes and will do my best to avoid.Best regards and Happy New Year LETS PARTYEEE!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 06:10, 1 Ianuarii 2011 (UTC) :Thanks for your new message, Jondel. I am glad to hear from you. Of course I will do my best to help. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:45, 6 Ianuarii 2011 (UTC) == Anonymous == I agree with you. In the future I will avoid to do corrections as anonimous [[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 20:59, 30 Decembris 2010 (UTC) == Balett == Amo hominibus adiuvare. In [http://books.google.hu/books?id=PvowPJUinyEC&pg=PR1&dq=contemporary+latin+dictionary&hl=hu&ei=5l0oTbbZOomU4AbevtHdCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=contemporary%20latin%20dictionary&f=false Smithi dictionario Anglolatino] dat verbum quoddam: pantomimus. Problema doleo nostrum esse, 1. [[pantomimus|pantomimum]] iam habemus, 2. pantomimus latinificatio (=latinizatio) est duarum rationum (forma antiqua ac hodierna), hocque in Vicipaedia, in encyclopaedia nostra, difficile habitum est. Melius esset, si ''balettum'' vel ''saltatio balletica'' nominarentur, fontem autem etiam ego non inveni. --[[Usor:Martinus Poeta Juvenis|Martinus Poeta Juvenis]] 13:01, 8 Ianuarii 2011 (UTC) :Gratias. Bene. Putabam in dictionario Russo-Latina vel Hungaria-Latina fuerit. Non est exactus sed magis adiuvat. Sententiam saltationem includendum est. Enim. Est utrumque saltatio et pantomimum. Est de origo latina vulgare 'ballo' invicem de Graeca. Opus est per normam inscribere[ "Ballet" est verbum anglice...]quod non in dictionario est pro Ballet. Post aliquis mutare potest ad ''saltatio balletica'' etc.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 13:19, 8 Ianuarii 2011 (UTC) : Me paenitet. Fas es! Videtur possumus uti pantomimus. dictionarios Anglolatinorum pleno habeo sed invenire non possum "Ballet". Gratias!!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 13:31, 8 Ianuarii 2011 (UTC) == Thanks == Thanks for your note on my page, Jondel -- I have replied now! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:54, 23 Februarii 2011 (UTC) :Great! Thanks. Wonderful discussion![[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 12:04, 1 Martii 2011 (UTC) == [[pediludium]] == Thanks for helping watch that page, but I strongly suspect the anonymous user who erased that paragraph is [[usor:Brandus]], responding to my comment that I wouldn't have advised him to put it up yet. He keeps acting on the page without letting me know what he's doing. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 06:56, 10 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :Your welcome. Is he your student? When my article is not ready,I ussually work on them in my own workspaces using this:<nowiki>[[/mynewlatinarticle]]</nowiki> at my agenda workspace. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 07:41, 10 Iunii 2011 (UTC) == Noli me tangere == Jondel, I am going to write an article about this Latin phrase. Can you explain to me -- if you know! -- why José Rizal's novel has this title? Does it reflect something in the story, or something about one of the characters? The reason isn't clear to me from the English page about the book. Thanks! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:51, 16 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :Salve Andrew. Rizal perceived Philippine society as being afflicted with a form of very delicate social cancer and alluded to the words of Jesus Christ to Mary Magdalene when he ressurected and before his ascension. Cheers.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 05:24, 17 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :The status quo(of the Spaniards), specially was something that wasnt to be touched or disturbed.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 05:28, 17 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::Thanks, Jondel, very interesting, I will add that information to my page. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:37, 22 Iunii 2011 (UTC) == Philippine provinces == Would you prefer that those "non-stipula" new pages be deleted, or would you like to improve them a bit? It's your choice, I think, Jondel! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:37, 22 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :Thanks. I would like to leave them until I can beef them up, only then would I like them removed. Of course, others are always welcome to add and improve. With the other provinces, please remove or delete them if the names are wrong. I will probably revert them to the original (English) name while trying to find latin sources. However as you can see, it takes too much time.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 12:44, 22 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ==Cursus electronicus== I would like to move this article to the above title as per above discussion. Feel free to do it or suggest a better title. Mutare velim ad titulum suprum. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:29, 17 Iulii 2011 (UTC) ::Dear Jondel there is a missunderstanding circuitus is a good translation for the new word circuit, circuito etc. , always from Castiglioni: :::circŭĭtŭs, ūs, m., 1 il girare intorno, giro: longo circuitu, con un lungo giro, CAES. e a.; pons magnum circuitum habebat, il ponte richiedeva un lungo giro, CAES. B. C. 1, 63, 2; milium amplius quinquaginta circuitu, con un giro, facendo un giro di più di 50 miglia, CAES. B. G. 1, 41, 4; rotazione degli astri, CIC. e a.; '''per meton., circuito, circonferenza, perimetro: vallum in circuitu XV milium, palizzata di 15 miglia di circonferenza, CAES. B. G. 2, 30, 2; minorem circuitum habebant, avevano un perimetro meno esteso, CAES. B. C. 3, 44, 5'''; ::is the word currens which does not exit. Therefore I wouldn't change the title of the page.--[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 08:36, 17 Iulii 2011 (UTC) :::aah, ok.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 08:45, 17 Iulii 2011 (UTC) == punctus == Dear Jondel, good point :-) ! You have done a very careful research. In any case I will ask to the other users to see what they think about it. Ciao--[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 18:49, 19 Iulii 2011 (UTC) :Great! I look forward to it!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 11:12, 20 Iulii 2011 (UTC) == natus loco nobili == I apologize for locu, the correct sentence is ''natus loco nobili'', nato da nobile famiglia or born in an aristocratic family) , CIC. Arch. 4; Div. 1, 89. I have not given to your last page any mark about the level of the Latin language. I have already noticed this is a behaviour you not apprecciate, from my point of view wrongly. Actually anybode of us could always ameliorate with judgement of the others, but I respect your choices. Ciao. --[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 17:03, 23 Octobris 2011 (UTC) == [[Hugo Eduardus Blair]] == UV didn't grade that article after you had worked on it, Jondel. He graded it before. There's a moral here (as Aesop might have said). Anyone can grade articles, including you. When you have improved a page, you yourself can revise the grading. I would advise you not to put {{fn|L1}} on such pages, because you will agree with me that you often make errors in Latin (as most of us do). I would advise you, when you have improved a page, to put the grade {{fn|L-1}} on it -- meaning, someone else needs to come and check this. On the [[Hugo Eduardus Blair]] page, which you have improved, there are some things you still need to work on. For example: * "Aliciae Vanderbilt Morris". I don't know whether you wanted to put her in the genitive or the dative, but, whichever it is, the word "conditrice" should be in the same case: it isn't yet. * The usual meaning of "ad" is not ''until'' (though it is a possible meaning). For ''until [someone's] death'' it is clearer to say "usque ad ... mortem". * "Erat" is not impossible in narrating someone's life, but it is a tense with a strong meaning (''he used to be'', ''he was being'', ''he was ... at the time when something else happened''). In general it's better to use the simple perfect tense ("fuit") for narrative. * I don't know what you mean by "fuit commissus". That is a very rare tense in Latin. "commissus est" is the perfect; "commissus erat" is the pluperfect. * "manus dextera" certainly won't do: we have to change that. The correct form is "dextra", but anyway I'm not aware that this phrase is used in Latin with the metaphorical sense known in English. Unless someone knows better, I'd change it to "primus adiutor" or something like that. It's no good asking me to do this all the time: I'm busy, I write Latin without checking grammars, and I don't enjoy telling other people why they are wrong. But I've done it this time ... All good wishes, Jondel :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:29, 25 Novembris 2011 (UTC) :Andrew, I thank you very much for your kind patience. I worry sometimes that some kind of obscure cult for latin may be growing here. I agree and see my mistakes. I do see "ad"+accusative used as 'until' when I read Classics, in fact a lot of "not usual" usages are plain. (I have one Loeb book of Cicero). I remember somebody correcting an article I wrote, to a "fuit +sus/(supine)" form and so I though it waS OK. The low ratings are discouraging. Thank you again. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 11:46, 25 Novembris 2011 (UTC) == fenestra == Gratias agō [[User:Leonellus Pons|vōbīs]]. [[Specialis:Conlationes/68.55.112.31|68.55.112.31]] 04:41, 2 Martii 2012 (UTC) :Libenter![[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:45, 2 Martii 2012 (UTC) == [[Siphonarius]] == Hi, Jondel. That new paragraph looked like machine translation to me -- it's a telltale sign when some words have not been translated because they were not in the database! So I have deleted it. Of course, if you want to work on it later, that's fine, and you can restore it from the history. OK? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:20, 23 Martii 2012 (UTC) :Ok and Good work Andrew! [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:45, 24 Martii 2012 (UTC) == Aliquod == Mea pagina usoris? Si ita, ¿por que, Jondel? Por que? [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 13:45, 25 Aprilis 2012 (UTC) :De que hablas?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 22:59, 25 Aprilis 2012 (UTC) == Rogatio == Salve, gratias vobis agere volo quia meum nuntium, quem rursus infra ostendeo, in taberna correxistis (modulum similem ac <nowiki>{{Quote}}</nowiki> nescio) : ____ Salve (errores erunt ! Eas corrigere potestis, gratissimus ero), volim solum scire an hic sint signa similia ac "Featured article" in en.wikipedia (exempli gratia). Quaesivi, non inveni. Gratias vobis ago, [[Usor:Fsojic|Fsojic]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Fsojic|disputatio]]) 21:39, 18 Iunii 2012 (UTC) :Corrigentes consiliorum meorum(Latina mea faltae multa etiam sunt. Quamquam velim suadere infra.... --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 03:56, 19 Iunii 2012 (UTC)): :::Salve (errores <s>erunt</s>sunt ! <u>Amabo vos</u> /Si vobis placeat<s>Eas</s> corrige<s>re potes</s>tis,<u>et </u> gratissimus <s>ero</s>, <s>ego</s>sim), :::<s>volim</s><u>Velim</u> solum scire an hic sint <s>signa</s><u>res</u> similia ac "Featured article" in en.wikipedia (exempli<u>a</u> gratia). Quaesivi, non <u>sed</u> inveni<u>vi</u>. ____ Sed quaedam rogationes habeo : Primo : ''Amabo vos corrigere'' aut ''Si vobis placeat corrigere'' dicere volebas ? Sed quid ''et'' addidistis ? Secundo : Quid ''ero'' abstulitis ut potius ''sim'' poneretis ? Tertio : Quid ''exempli gratia'' cum genitivo non servatis ? Quarto : ''invenire'' ad perfectum non est ''inveni'' ? ''venire, venio, veni, ventum'' ? Gratias vobis ago. [[Usor:Fsojic|Fsojic ~ Errores meos corrigatis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Fsojic|disputatio]]) 15:59, 19 Iunii 2012 (UTC) ::Salve Fsojic. Ut vales? Laetus te cognoscere. ::Clare erravi et spero ne offendas? ::Primo:Non agnovi futurm indicativum de ''esse". Me paenitet Possui ''et '', ut duos sensos clarandum disparet. ::Secundo: Non agnovi futurm indicativum de ''esse". Me paenitet. ::Tertio: Erravi. Me paenitet. Genitivo optimus est ut indicat norma. ::Quarto: Erravi. Non agnovi perfectum de invenire. "inveni" optimus est.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:09, 20 Iunii 2012 (UTC) == Responsum == Salve, Errores facimus omnes, primus ego ! Non offendor. Difficillimus est scribere loquique Latine, et saepe scribendi Italice (ὡς εἰκός ἐστιν, nam Francogallice loquor) cupido est mihi. Valete, [[Usor:Fsojic|Fsojic ~ Errores meos corrigatis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Fsojic|disputatio]]) 12:44, 20 Iunii 2012 (UTC) :En. Quam dificillimum scribere! De latina progressa, dico macte! Te exhortor. Mihi, conor fabulari posse latine. Etiam velim discere francogallice(et alias linguas). Nescio graece. Interpretes Iaponicis laetus sum.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:22, 21 Iunii 2012 (UTC) ::ὡς εἰκός ἐστιν ''naturaliter'' significat. Sed Graece scio haud egregie ! Cognoscere Graecam linguam anno solum extremo coepi. ::Etiam ego alias linguas discere velim, non solum quia pulchrum est, sed etiam quia [[linguae Indoeuropaeae|linguas Indoeuropaearum]] linguisticae studiosus sum (ut mea pagina videre potes). Idcirco ad Lituanam discendam ardeo. Nam ''Haec lingua dicitur quam antiquissima esse, nam hodie multae [[lingua Protoindoeuropaea|linguae protoindoeuropaeae]] radices et proprietates grammaticae manent in lingua Lithuanica''. ::Valete [[Usor:Fsojic|Fsojic ~ Errores meos corrigatis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Fsojic|disputatio]]) 10:52, 21 Iunii 2012 (UTC) :::Papae! Te hortor. Etiam gratias tibi,mihi permoto, incepi Graeca vetus discere!!. (nescio, sed sistam Graecem mox).--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 03:57, 26 Iunii 2012 (UTC) == About a category == Good day Jondel! ''Kumusta ka?'' I recently saw that ''ludus fornicalis'' changed to ''ludus porticuum'' and read the discussion page. I know I'm late. I also changed in the Pac-Man article that it is a ''ludus porticuum''. If we should have a category about arcade games here (it would be easier to find those things), should it be called ''Categoria:Ludi porticuum''? What do you think? [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 15:19, 26 Iunii 2012 (UTC). :Mabuti! Ikaw? Good day to you too! Categoria:Ludi porticuum would be great! Andrew Dalby suggests it would be good if a category have at least 3 members. It would be good to coordinate with him.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 23:28, 26 Iunii 2012 (UTC) ::I'd simply say, as advice, it's wiser not to create a category if you have no plans to increase the number of articles beyond 1 or 2. If you do intend to add some more, that's fine. We are all free to do what we want, but lots of Wikipedians adjust categories, and if the 1/2 articles in a category are removed from a category (for whatever reason) the category will be deleted and you will have wasted your time. ::It's also a good idea to begin an article on the topic, or at least to get agreement on the terminology, before creating the category. That's exactly what has happened here, which is perfect :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:53, 27 Iunii 2012 (UTC) :::Thank you Andrew, that is a good point, that it would be a waste without at least 2 articles, and getting an agreement and others.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:19, 11 Iulii 2012 (UTC) == technologia digitalis non digitale == There isn't noun adjective agreement in the term "technologia digitale" because technologia is feminine and digitale as written is neuter.--[[Specialis:Conlationes/118.160.22.1|118.160.22.1]] 03:30, 11 Iulii 2012 (UTC) :Thank you very much. I will make the changes.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 03:35, 11 Iulii 2012 (UTC) ::Hi, Jondel, I emptied and deleted "Categoria:Technologia digitale‎‎" because it was a redirect. The Wiki environment does not allow redirects of categories. The category simply has to be emptied and deleted. Happy editing! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:12, 11 Iulii 2012 (UTC) :::Ok. Thanks.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 09:18, 11 Iulii 2012 (UTC) ==Domesticum?== I don't understand why you made those moves without explanation. Why is "domesticus" a better adjective to use than "civilis"? In the case of [[Bellum Civile Graecum]] I have moved back again because the case seems obvious (to me): the Greek name is "''emphylios''" which means "within a people", not "within a house". In the case of [[Bellum Domesticum Russicum]] I didn't move back, but I think at the least you need to cite a source. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:54, 29 Iulii 2012 (UTC) :Ok. Let me cite the dictionary source John T(urenberg?) which I don't have now, for "Civil War" as "Bellum Domesticum". I would like to make similar changes to all (except the Bellum Civile Graecum) since Bellum Domesticum has more authoritive sources.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:58, 29 Iulii 2012 (UTC) ::It's true that "bellum domesticum" is used by Caesar at least once. But "Bellum Civile" is used by Caesar, Sallust, Cicero (often), Horace, Lucan and many others. Do you rate John T(urenberg?) higher than those? I've never heard of him (not that that means anything!) but Google doesn't seem to have heard of him either. Do we have the name right? Where or what is his dictionary? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:24, 29 Iulii 2012 (UTC) :::Vide ''[[De bello civili]],'' [[liber|librum]] [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesaris]], et ''De bello civili,'' [[poema]] [[Lucanus|Lucani]], and if those aren't "authoritative," what would be? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:27, 29 Iulii 2012 (UTC) I apologize. I do not know if they are more authoritive. The source I have for Bellum Domesticum-Civil War is the John Traupman dictionary, pp 154 and 698. :Oh, it's Traupman! No wonder I couldn't find Turenberg :) In general Wikipedia terms, I'd say, the usual kinds of dictionaries are "tertiary sources", rather like encyclopedias. They are better than nothing and a useful start, but they are not the most authoritative sources. :For Vicipaedia in particular, when we are looking for vocabulary, the best thing is to find how the words have already been used by writers in Latin. Some good dictionaries can help us do that, because they have references to texts, but it's important to use those clues, look beyond the dictionary and see how the words are really used. As you know, Jondel, a professional translator also must look beyond the dictionary. :In this case, it's true that a few Latin writers use the term "bellum domesticum", but much more rarely than "bellum civile", and it may be that they are trying to get across a particular viewpoint when they use it -- because "domus" means "house", so it's as if they are saying "war within the family" or "war at home". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:41, 30 Iulii 2012 (UTC) :::Andrew, I don't know if I can detach myself from My Precious, Gollum Edition John Traupman Dictionary but I know it can be done( detox chamber?, tossing the severed member holding the dictionary into the river of lava and fire?). Just kidding :). Seriously with Spanish (like how do you translate peer pressure, mall, etc) and Japanese (Japanese gambaru:work/fight hard?, domo( thank you, goodbye, feel good, etc)) the dictionary tends to be only a guide,i.e."tertiary sources". Trouble and confusion occurs when I rely too much on the dictionary. I agree with you. Sorry for the Traupman -Terenberg and bellum domesticum civile confusion. I can't help but mention though, that even in English <u>domestic</u> airports are not found in homes and there are no <u>domestic</u> flights direct to passengers' homes. But you don't have to worry about me changing Bellum Civile to Bellum Domesticum. I will strive very hard to get the most standard term in the future from the context of standard classical literature. It is great though that you and Iacobus(and others) are watching over direction of the Latin of vicipaedia though! [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 23:28, 30 Iulii 2012 (UTC) ::Domestic flights, yes, quite true, Jondel, good point! Language is infinitely inconsistent and infinitely interesting :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:58, 31 Iulii 2012 (UTC) :::The larger point is that because readers of reference works usually want to pop in, grab their information quickly, and bug out (if we may indulge not entirely obsolete slang), we should help them by deploying standard(ized) words and syntax. Since Cicero used ''bellum domesticum,'' it's an attested idiom, which accordingly has no reason not to occur here & there in our texts, but it's apparently not the ordinary, expected term (''bellum civile''), which—precisely because it's the ordinary, expected term!—should be the lemma and therefore the title of the article. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:57, 31 Iulii 2012 (UTC) ::::That is a very good point Iacobus! In fact with your (and all other magister's) guidance, I do hope to be able to write with standard words and phrases attested by 'standard' classic works and I do hope this will be a help to all readers.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 23:12, 31 Iulii 2012 (UTC) == [[Israel Academiae Scientiarum]] == ::Thank you ! . :) [[Usor:פארוק|פארוק]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:פארוק|disputatio]]) 05:38, 24 Augusti 2012 (UTC) :::Your welcome! :)[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 05:41, 24 Augusti 2012 (UTC) == Municipia Philippinarum == Hi, Jondel. I moved [[Abulug, Cagayan]] to [[Abulug]] and one other page similarly. I did this because I think we don't need to add the disambiguating word -- there is no other place with this name. If I'm wrong and we ''do'' need it after all -- it's up to you really -- our practice is to add it in parentheses, i.e. "Abulug (Cagayan)", so, if you prefer, go ahead and move again to that pagename. OK? I've suggested moving the category [[:Categoria:Municipium Philippinarum]] because our normal rule is to have category names in the plural. If you see any problem with that, please comment on the talk page -- Thanks -- [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:45, 3 Septembris 2012 (UTC) :I was merely following the schemas at the English wiki. I will follow your lead for Categories etc. I forgot about the plurarility norms, sorry.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 22:57, 3 Septembris 2012 (UTC) ::No problem. It's good to have the new pages! I will move the category. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:35, 4 Septembris 2012 (UTC) :::Ok.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:54, 4 Septembris 2012 (UTC) == Picture at [[:Categoria:Palladium]] == I removed the picture and instead put in a link to Commons, where all the pictures can be found. We don't usually illustrate categories -- better maybe to encourage readers to look at the page [[Palladium]]. I hope that's OK, Jondel. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:30, 18 Septembris 2012 (UTC) :No busted Aneurysms here, so, uh its ok.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:34, 18 Septembris 2012 (UTC) ::That's good. Have a nice day :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:37, 18 Septembris 2012 (UTC) :::Have a nice day too Andrew :)![[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:44, 18 Septembris 2012 (UTC) == De regibus Francorum == Thanks, Jondel! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:26, 3 Octobris 2012 (UTC) :Ow. Your welcome![[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:42, 3 Octobris 2012 (UTC) == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Donor information pages == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Donor information pages|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Donor information pages]] is available for translation. 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The page [[:meta:Wikimedia Blog/Drafts/Juan Ignacio Iglesias profile|Wikimedia Blog/Drafts/Juan Ignacio Iglesias profile]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Blog%2FDrafts%2FJuan+Ignacio+Iglesias+profile&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-10-29. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello friends, This is a translation of a profile for the Wikimedia Foundation blog of Juan Ignacio Iglesias of Argentina. </div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 23:34, 24 Octobris 2012 (UTC)</div> == I replied == ... on my talk page. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:03, 25 Octobris 2012 (UTC) == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai Appeal == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai Appeal|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai Appeal]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+Appeal&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+Appeal&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is medium. 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Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 16:55, 14 Novembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Thank you letter == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Thank you letter|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Thank you letter]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FThank+you+letter&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FThank+you+letter&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FThank+you+letter&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. 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Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 00:55, 4 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Highlights, October 2012 == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Wikimedia Highlights, October 2012|Wikimedia Highlights, October 2012]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+October+2012&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+October+2012&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Highlights%2C+October+2012&language=es translate to Spanish] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Please consider helping non-English-language Wikimedia communities to stay updated on the most important Wikimedia Foundation activities, MediaWiki development work and other international Wikimedia news from October. You are receiving this message because you signed up to the translation notification system. Questions about this system can be asked at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Translation_requests ], and you can manage your subscription at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup ].</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 01:16, 4 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Minamoto == Dear Jondel, I apologize but when I corrected your sentence I missunderstood what you wished to tell. In any case with the word cognatus of course, as you rightly say, with dative the problem is solved. Ciao --[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Helveticus montanus|disputatio]]) 13:33, 4 Decembris 2012 (UTC) == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-12. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Impact_Of_Wikipedia.webm If you have any questions, post: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fundraising_2012/Translation</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 17:53, 4 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Impact Of Wikipedia Video (subtitles)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FImpact+Of+Wikipedia+Video+%28subtitles%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-12. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Impact_Of_Wikipedia.webm If you have any questions, post: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fundraising_2012/Translation</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 19:11, 4 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-12. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 00:00, 5 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FPoongothai+video+%28captions%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-12. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:38, 5 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == The invisible wall == I mentioned it on my talk page. It surrounds categories that are biographies of real, single people. For that reason, it isn't possible to make "Gemini ficticii" etc. subcategories of "Gemini" -- because the "Gemini" are real people and the "Gemini ficticii" are not. Don't worry about it, but that's why I had to revert you. Instead, we can link the two categories with a "vide etiam", and that's what I will now do :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:32, 5 Decembris 2012 (UTC) :Why do they have to be different concepts? Gemini is /are about Geminis whether they are real or not. Geminis can be real they can be fictional. Gemini is a concept of twin. I do not see the logic and may open a debate at the taberna. We are probably the only wikipedia who makes that distinction. I can directly read and verify this in wikipedias of 7 languages, so can you in other languages that you know. This is ridiculous and seems cultic and obsessive! [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:39, 5 Decembris 2012 (UTC) ::It isn't cultic, it's practical ... Yes, by all means ask on the Taberna. I think UV will be able to explain more clearly than I can, but, if he doesn't comment, I'll have a go! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:45, 5 Decembris 2012 (UTC) :::Strangely, the [[Cynthia Crawford]] question is relevant ... her website says she is a twin but with no genetic relationship to the other twin. So, is she a real human, and is she a real twin? We are on the edge of madness here, Jondel ... :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:07, 5 Decembris 2012 (UTC) :::::If you would, fictional twin but not real twin, (--real person--) . This madness ! <s>This is SPARTAAAA!</s> Opus est mihi abire. Me paenitet ita nobis deliberandum est.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:15, 5 Decembris 2012 (UTC) == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Poongothai video (captions)]] is available for translation. 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Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 00:15, 6 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Highlights, November 2012 == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Wikimedia Highlights, November 2012|Wikimedia Highlights, November 2012]] is available for translation. 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You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FOrabile+Mudongo+video+%28captions%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FOrabile+Mudongo+video+%28captions%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FOrabile+Mudongo+video+%28captions%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-20. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 11:45, 13 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Erlan Vega video (captions) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Erlan Vega video (captions)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Erlan Vega video (captions)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FErlan+Vega+video+%28captions%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FErlan+Vega+video+%28captions%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FErlan+Vega+video+%28captions%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-20. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Editor video captions</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 17:06, 14 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Adrianne Wadewitz video (captions) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Adrianne Wadewitz video (captions)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Adrianne Wadewitz video (captions)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FAdrianne+Wadewitz+video+%28captions%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FAdrianne+Wadewitz+video+%28captions%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FAdrianne+Wadewitz+video+%28captions%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-24. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Impact_of_Wikipedia_Adrianne_Wadewitz.webm Video link for reference</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 15:19, 18 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Translation notification: Fundraising 2012/Translation/Howard Morland video (captions) == <div lang="la" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Latina, Japanese et Spanish on Meta. The page [[:meta:Fundraising 2012/Translation/Howard Morland video (captions)|Fundraising 2012/Translation/Howard Morland video (captions)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FHoward+Morland+video+%28captions%29&language=la translate to Latina] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FHoward+Morland+video+%28captions%29&language=ja translate to Japanese] * [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising+2012%2FTranslation%2FHoward+Morland+video+%28captions%29&language=es translate to Spanish] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2012-12-24. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AThe_Impact_of_Wikipedia_Howard_Morland.webm Video link for reference</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 13:05, 19 Decembris 2012 (UTC)</div> == Smartphone == Salve Jondel! Quum dictionarium meum non harum machinarum aetate ediderint, ecquidem publicum verbo 'smartphone' comparem commendare nequeo. Aliis vero Latinitatis hodiernae diurnis, sicut in [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/scientiae.php Ephemeride] verbum a te quaesitum reperietur: ''scopophonium'' (vide secundam notationem). --[[Usor:Martinus Poeta Juvenis|Martinus Vester]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Martinus Poeta Juvenis|disputatio]]) 18:40, 1 Ianuarii 2013 (UTC) :Gratias tibi ago Martinus!! Magnum auxilium est.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:31, 3 Ianuarii 2013 (UTC) Ave Jondel, auxiliandi causa sine tibi dicam, nisi fallor, lapsus esse ''scopophonium'' attamen ''sophophonum'' lectus esse in Ephemeris, et denuntiem etiam translatio a Élizabeth Antébi et Marie-France Saignes oblata pro verbo anglice "smartphone" in "Pullus Micolellus Latina lingua" "sollerterphonascum" fuisse. --[[Usor:Leonellus Pons|Leonellus Pons]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Leonellus Pons|disputatio]]) 15:25, 3 Ianuarii 2013 (UTC) :Ave Leonellus! Prosperus annus tibi! Optime monitus es mihi, gratias. Adeo, tibi, sollerterphonascum melius sit? Emendabo ita. Sed si vis, emenda si tibi placeat.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:15, 4 Ianuarii 2013 (UTC) :Aah! lapsus meus! Me paenitet![[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:00, 4 Ianuarii 2013 (UTC) == Nove == Salve, Jondel, in [[apostoli]]s siglum "<nowiki>{{dubsig}}</nowiki>" addideram formae ''nove'', quia, quid significet, non intellexi. Cum hoc siglum removisti, indicasti te, quid ''nove'' hic significet, intellegere. Velim, sodes, mihi dicas, quid ''nove'' hic tibi significare videatur. Quod scio, ''nove'' idem valet ac 'inusitate; insolito modo', sed in hunc contextum parum quadrare videtur. Num quid me fallit? [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 04:09, 1 Februarii 2013 (UTC) :Salve Neander. Certe dicere velim. Tibi, non te fallit. In isto contexto credo sit anglice "newly". Nunc in perseo(perseus) fontem licet mihi repperiam. Quamquam fons mea est Whitaker words. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:30, 1 Februarii 2013 (UTC) Sodes vide: http://athirdway.com/glossa/?s=novus (Sed adhunc reppero in perseo) En, tandem: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=novus&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059 Coniugatus mihi videtur (sed fontem non habeo) cum "denuo" et hispanice "denuevo". Laetus sum quod cures. Si tibi placeat muta.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:53, 1 Februarii 2013 (UTC) :Apud Cassell's legimus Anglicum ''newly'' Latine significare 'nuper, modo, recens', et Latinum ''nove'' Anglice significare 'in a new or unusual manner'; 'lately, recently'; 'lastly, in the last place'. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 05:13, 1 Februarii 2013 (UTC) ::Gloria ad Cassell's!! (Gratias tibi ago Iacobus!)[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 05:20, 1 Februarii 2013 (UTC) Iam Viator noster rem prudenter solvit. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 11:22, 1 Februarii 2013 (UTC) :Optime! --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:47, 1 Februarii 2013 (UTC) ==[[Mindanaum]]== Hi, Jondel. I found this Latin name for the island so I have moved the page and created a category. Hope that's OK by you? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:14, 25 Februarii 2013 (UTC) :Yes. Amazing work! It is soo hard to dig up those sources!! Great![[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:24, 25 Februarii 2013 (UTC) ::Since attestations exist, Vicipaedia probably has to cite them, but note the false linguistics involved in assuming that an ''-o'' that ends Austronesian words is equivalent to the Latin stem-vowel ''-o-'' (a sign of the second declension, supporting the nominative singular in ''-um''). A terminal Austronesian ''-o'' is usually an inseparable part of the root, which the transformation may damage beyond recognition: imagine the River ''Beck'' becoming the River ''Beum.'' Working backward from the Latin, how should we get ''Beck''—and not, say, ''Bear'' or ''Begg'' or ''Bell'' or ''Benn'' or ''Beth''—out of ''Beum''&thinsp;? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:48, 25 Februarii 2013 (UTC) :::I appreciate your looking into this Iacobus! I have to investigate this but I have soo little time lately.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:10, 1 Martii 2013 (UTC) ::::I've recently added a map picture, but couldn't translate "south-east". How do we say that in Latin? Of course feel free to change picture if you find a better one. ::::[[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 14:41, 1 Martii 2013 (UTC). :::::Stearn offers the phrase ''versus meridiem et orientem a loco dicto'' 'southeast of the place named'. Also, you'll find ''meridiorientalis'' and ''meridio-orientalis.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:52, 1 Martii 2013 (UTC) ::::::Thanks Donatallo and Iacobus. I would have said australis orientalis but meridiorientalis is probably better. I can barely do wikipedia now days. I might correct the picture description to say just south. regards.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:57, 1 Martii 2013 (UTC) :::::::Thanks Iacobus. Good to know. :::::::You're welcome Jondel. I've recently added more in [[Davao City]] (city lieing in Mindanao). Anybody who knows any name(s) in Latin? :::::::[[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 16:11, 1 Martii 2013 (UTC). ::::::::The adjective "Davaensis" (as you may know already) is attested in Catholic and taxonomic sources, but I haven't as yet encountered a noun. Considering what Iacobus rightly says, above, I would not care to invent one. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:54, 1 Martii 2013 (UTC) == Respublica Coreana? == Salve, Jondel! Nescio quid habeas in mente cum paene omnia verba e pagina [[Respublica Coreana|de Re Publica Coreana]] removeas. Pagina nunc in medio verbo "dan..." terminat. Num lapsus digitorum fuit? Nolo recensionem revertere nisi re vera error sit. [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 12:18, 11 Martii 2013 (UTC) :Nescio quod evinit, solum datas praesorum verti. Nam me paenitet. Licet mihi inspiciam nunc. Patientias tibi , omnibus, gratias .[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:26, 11 Martii 2013 (UTC) ::Bene est: fac omnia, quae necesse sit! [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 12:27, 11 Martii 2013 (UTC) :::Iam bene videtur. Me certiorem fecisti gratias tibi ago.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:33, 11 Martii 2013 (UTC) == salve == Salve Jondel! Quaeso ignoscas me absentem tibi non rescripsisse. --[[Usor:Martinus Poeta Juvenis|Martinus Vester]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Martinus Poeta Juvenis|disputatio]]) 11:45, 17 Aprilis 2013 (UTC) :Salve Martinus. Non molestia. Utinam valeas. Solum volui repperire vox pro "Credit card" quam iam repperi tandem in dictionario Traupman. Iam est res [[Tabella tributaria]]. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:59, 17 Aprilis 2013 (UTC) == The Others == Hello Jondel. :) Maybe you also watched the television series [[Lost]] long time ago. The article here says that "The Others" (the native of the island) speak Latin. Do you know anything of this? As you also have worked much about the Philippines, do you also know any Latin name for the neighbour island Sumatra? I came to this recently about Sumatra when I was working here about [[Pongo|orangutans]]. [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 23:39, 25 Maii 2013 (UTC). :Hi Donatello. Want to create an article about the others? This is from the English wiki:<nowiki>revealed that [[Jacob (Lost)|Jacob]] and [[Man in Black (Lost)|his brother]] were born to a woman named Claudia whose crew were shipwrecked on the island and spoke [[Latin]] (this also indicates that the episode was set many centuries ago, when this language was still in common usage). </nowiki>. There are episodes where they use latin like with that fertility doctor. Check out youtube. I do not know of any latin name for Sumatra. Check out Egger's ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum'' .[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:22, 26 Maii 2013 (UTC) :Check [http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=the+others+latin&oq=the+others+latin&gs_l=youtube.3...1270.3931.0.4951.16.12.0.4.4.0.88.918.12.12.0...0.0...1ac.1.11.youtube.yKkMiYD2FrQ this] out.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:26, 26 Maii 2013 (UTC) ::I see. :) Big thanks. -- [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 11:40, 26 Maii 2013 (UTC). :::Welcome :).[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:41, 26 Maii 2013 (UTC) ::::Hello again. :) They used the phrase ''si placet'', showing in the translation as 'please'. Do you know any Latin phrase for 'please' like that? I never heard that before. The translations are made by Lost, not the user, but the user putted the Latin text. ::::[[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 16:12, 2 Iunii 2013 (UTC). :::::Yes, 'please'.(Here, the equivalent 'amabo te' is used by others) Si tibi placet, yada yada. If it pleases you, yada yada. Was it that fertility doctor asking about Ricardo to the others? Please look up (Si tibi placet/placeat, if it pleases/would-please you vide )the etymology of 'please' in English, French and Latin. I learn by conversing with myself using the dictionary.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 09:13, 3 Iunii 2013 (UTC) ::::::I see. Thanks again. :) -- [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 14:35, 3 Iunii 2013 (UTC). :::::::While we were discussing this, at the same time coincidentaly I asked what [[:Disputatio_Categoriae:Signa_medica|stp]] means. Its a divine act of the sphaghetti monster!![[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:55, 4 Iunii 2013 (UTC) == Something more == Greetings again. Maybe you'll find this interesting: [http://www.pagef30.com/2010/04/final-fantasy-for-nes-now-available-in.html "Final Fantasy"] (the first game in its series; to NES) and [http://www.geekologie.com/2009/02/finally-zelda-ii-has-been-tran.php "Zelda II: The Adventure of Link"] (the second game in its series; to NES) in Latin. It can be interesting when Latin is used in popular culture. I've added these links to the articles about Final Fantasy (both in the game and the game series) and The Legend of Zelda (here only in the game series, then there are no article yet about the game). [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 11:30, 7 Iunii 2013 (UTC). :Mehercule! Wow. I haven't played computer games in a long time. I looked at the link. Hmm. Lets see.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:47, 7 Iunii 2013 (UTC) == [[Scientiae Baccalaureus]] == I added a "Non stipula" because there are a couple of things missing, Jondel, but I expect you're still at work -- that's fine, no problem -- take it away again :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:40, 15 Iunii 2013 (UTC) :Ok. Great. I will complete it now as best as I can. Regards.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 09:24, 17 Iunii 2013 (UTC) == [[Sabbatum]] == Yes, let's chill :) Do you want to do more today, Jondel, or shall I have a go? Maybe it's your bedtime! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:11, 15 Iulii 2013 (UTC) :I might be working some more. Although its past bedtime. Its great that you organize these issues. But honestly I'm grateful for Iacobus' inputs. (certainly no need to 'Restoring the general --yada yada waatever --' though)There is not much else I can say. Well I am indeed confused with the other Sabbath articles. I'm watching you tube now as well as browsing vicipedia, fixing stuff. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:36, 15 Iulii 2013 (UTC) == Categoriae Iaponenses == Hi, Jondel. Notice that I categorized some pages that were under [[:Categoria:Iaponia]] into subcategories that seemed more suitable. If I did anything silly, feel free to correct it or change back! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:29, 6 Augusti 2013 (UTC) :Great work! I'm a bit forgetful (and thus silly too! :) ). So I guess we'll have to bear with each other! Of course I will try to follow your lead.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:32, 6 Augusti 2013 (UTC) == Cybernetique == Hello Jondel. I wonder if this word is French. If so, it can be good to mention like this in these two articles and others: "...a physico mathematico Andreas Maria Ampère ''"cybernetique"'' (Francogallicee) in eius..." and "...primus sicut ''"cybernetique"'' (Francogallice) inlatus...". It will be good for the readers what language it belongs to. -- [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 15:26, 12 Augusti 2013 (UTC). :Good suggestion. I think I will do that now.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:54, 13 Augusti 2013 (UTC) == [[Tosa Inu]] == Greetings Jondel. :) You who know Japanese, could you help out about the Latin name written there? Does it corresponds to the Japanese name? -- [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 02:40, 18 Augusti 2013 (UTC). :'Inu' is dog. I have to look at Tosa and will do so now.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 17:48, 18 Augusti 2013 (UTC) == [[:simple:Shadow]] == Salve, Jondel. I read Latin better than I write it, so: What do you want me to fix in the article on ''simplewiki?'' [[Usor:StevenJ81|StevenJ81]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:StevenJ81|disputatio]]) 16:18, 20 Augusti 2013 (UTC) :Thanks for looking into this. The articles are supposed to be "simple" . (Licet mihi latinam :) ) Etiam mihi videtur scripta ab non nativa. Per exemplia gratia ,cur in gentium sit verbum "circuit"? Mihi nullo refert. Autem tu non sis obligatus emendare solum si velis. Fieri potest ego etiam emendam. Minime res emendari debet quo facilior intelligere omnibus maxime ab legentibus quorum lingua paterna non sit anglice. Gratias tibi ago. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:36, 20 Augusti 2013 (UTC) :Please feel free and you may have to remove things there that are not related to "Shadows" like circuit etc.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:39, 20 Augusti 2013 (UTC) ::I understand your point. I templated that page, and if someone else does not address it shortly I will. [[Usor:StevenJ81|StevenJ81]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:StevenJ81|disputatio]]) 20:08, 20 Augusti 2013 (UTC) == Alcoholici Anonymi == Multas gratias tibi propter tuam paginam de [[Alcoholici Anonymi|Alcoholicis Anonymis]], quia ego scio paucum de hac societate plusque de alia (de qua spero scribere tardiore tempore). [[Usor:Kraŭs|Kraŭs]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Kraŭs|disputatio]]) 12:22, 23 Augusti 2013 (UTC) :Gatias tibi ago. Autem magis meliore cupio quam fieri potest.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:44, 23 Augusti 2013 (UTC) == how are you? == Seing you here I hope you did not have problem with the typhon. Vale. [[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Helveticus montanus|disputatio]]) 14:16, 11 Novembris 2013 (UTC) :Thank you for your concern! What a horrible disaster! Equally strange, Manila where I live was totally safe! It was like an onrushing truck that suddenly veered away. A relative of mine has no roof in the province.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:21, 11 Novembris 2013 (UTC) == Help translating from english == Hello and thanks for you offer to help. Here is the article I want to translate. I tried to translate all the link that I found in your wiki. [[Usor:Xaris333/Nea Salamis Famagusta FC]]. The English article is [[:en:Nea Salamina Famagusta FC]]. [[Usor:Xaris333|Xaris333]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Xaris333|disputatio]]) 20:58, 6 Decembris 2013 (UTC) :Ok. I've started writing the article here:[[/SalaminaFootball]].[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 07:09, 8 Decembris 2013 (UTC) == Microwave oven == Hi Jondel. :) Maybe you can help with this; I do not really think that the Latin name ''[[Furnus brevibus undis agens]]'' for "microwave oven" we have as the article name is good. It's long and describing. This name might work instead in poetry. Maybe you are able to add another name? :) -- [[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 18:38, 18 Decembris 2013 (UTC). :I would like to work on this. Let look into my sources. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:28, 21 Decembris 2013 (UTC) == [[Satya Nadella]] == We conflicted, Jondel -- we were at work at the same moment. Please check that the result is OK by you! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:14, 17 Februarii 2014 (UTC) :Thanks, we'll do! Just a question Andhrae Pradesae with 'e' was meant to be locative?[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:18, 17 Februarii 2014 (UTC) ::It was meant to be genitive: Hyderabad of Andhra Pradesh, like Bethlehem of Judaea. But I wasn't sure whether to do it with this Indian name or not. When I saw that you took out the declension, I thought, maybe Jondel's right, it looks strange: so I left it your way and added "civitatis" to show the genitive. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:34, 17 Februarii 2014 (UTC) :::I was conforming to the ablative of '[https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satya_Nadella&diff=next&oldid=2702017 urbe]'. I would like show the gentive (with the 'e's) then, conforming to your above statement. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:50, 17 Februarii 2014 (UTC) == ''ut'' and ''ad'' == Salve Jondel! I wanted to explain why I made changes to your sentences with "ut" on [[Membrum]]. Using "ut" with just an infinitive is not usually possible. In order to say "they use the limbs to carry things", you have a choice between "ut + subjunctive" or "ad + gerund/gerundive". So "membris utantur ut res ferant" or "membris utantur ad res ferendas". Also, it's important to note that the verb "utor" takes the ablative, i.e. "re utor" and not "*res utor". Vale, [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 17:00, 22 Martii 2014 (UTC) :You are right on the usage of ut. Utor ussually is used with the ablative but not always. I've seen instances with accusative and genitve. Thanks for letting me know.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 18:37, 24 Martii 2014 (UTC) :: Jondel, you're right but notice that "''utor'' + accusative" is vulgar Latin (attested in archaic comedy [Plautus], rustic speech [sometimes exemplified by scriptores rerum rusticarum], some inscriptions, etc) but that's not the register we're supposed to follow. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 19:02, 25 Martii 2014 (UTC) ::: I will try to stick to using ablative with this case and indeed would like to use good latin.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:52, 26 Martii 2014 (UTC) == Membrum == Hi, Jondel. I'm sorry if my summarium seemed unhelpful -- I saw your reply! To explain more fully, I'm quite sure that Traupman did not write "articulatus extremus" (which was what you had put in the text, perhaps by mistake). And I'm sure he didn't write "articulus extremus", which was what you meant to write. That would mean "Outermost joint". It wouldn't be a correct equivalent for "membrum". OK, so what do you do? You want to cite Traupman, but you shouldn't attribute to him a phrase which is your own guesswork. I often have this same problem. This is my solution: I suggest it in case it helps you too. You cite your source in the footnote, and also -- in the footnote itself -- you put exactly what he wrote, in his original language, inside quote marks. This is exactly what I did this evening at [[Monasterium Sancti Georgii in Manganis]]. I devised a Latin name for it, based on two sources that give shorter names (also Latin). So, in footnotes 1 and 2, I give their exact texts, in quotes. That way, I am not being unfair to those sources. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:00, 24 Martii 2014 (UTC) :You are right. It is great that you take control of these matters Andrew. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 15:46, 25 Martii 2014 (UTC) :I am examining your exemple and will attempt the same.I really would like to address the issue that membrum is popular in the sense of 'organ'. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:18, 25 Martii 2014 (UTC) == [[Marius (persona ficticia)]] == Hi, Jondel Please look at this page again. I needed to revert some vandalism, so your latest changes were lost. They were very small, so I hoped you would forgive me ... :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:22, 25 Martii 2014 (UTC) :Uhh I will see what I can do. This is big article.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]])--- == "Welcome back" == If he's Kotter, I guess we must be the Sweathogs? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:29, 2 Aprilis 2014 (UTC) :Ha ha! :) Kotter was a founding member of the Sweathogs(original rejected high school student).eg You really are you own teacher and sweathog. We can't help but return to our (dysfunctional) roots. 'Welcome back Kotter' is just meant to be an expression.(From the title of the popular tv series back then)--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:36, 3 Aprilis 2014 (UTC) == thank you == [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Gesticulatoria_Nicaraguensis&diff=next&oldid=2774248 ^_^]... --[[Usor:SurdusVII|SurdusVII]] [[Disputatio Usoris:SurdusVII|''(LIS)'']] 10:03, 1 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :Your welcome, I', m glad you liked it. Btw, I am interested in learning sign language. Se habla espanol?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 10:48, 1 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::hola, no hablan mucho español, pero sé un nivel 1... :) --[[Usor:SurdusVII|SurdusVII]] [[Disputatio Usoris:SurdusVII|''(LIS)'']] 12:03, 1 Augusti 2014 (UTC) Vale. Que tenga suerte!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:51, 2 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :Jondel, you removed the Latinitas -5 at [[Lingua Gesticulatoria Portugallensis]]. I reverted you, because previously the sentence was just about meaningful, but after your edit it is not Latin at all, so -5 is the best I can say. What do you mean to say with "pro sermone 84.000 surditate Portugallia"? What is the word "surdate" that you have used on other similar pages? I'm puzzled. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:46, 3 Augusti 2014 (UTC) I'm sorry Andrew. surdate was supposed to be surditate. Pro sermone ...= in place of speech for 84.0000 deaf in Portugal. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:56, 3 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::This ''84.000 surditate'' does not mean '84,000 deaf [people]', and ''Portugallia'' does not mean 'in Portugal'. Little things matter. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:58, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) Do you think we can fix this?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:56, 3 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :Thanks, I get it. Unluckily "surditate" doesn't mean "for deaf" but "by deafness", and "Portugallia" doesn't mean "in Portugal" but just "Portugal". And we have to express "in place of speech" carefully if that is what we want to say, because this is a real language, not in place of a language. :I'm sure we can say something useful, yes! The trouble is, our contributor is not giving us a good basis. It's interesting that there are these sign languages, and it's interesting to know the number of deaf in each country, but that number doesn't have a simple relationship to the use of the language. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:46, 3 Augusti 2014 (UTC) Your welcome and thanks for looking into to these. To return, 'by deafness' is what is understood when we use the ablative. Can we assume the dative which has the same appearance/form to mean 'for the deaf'? --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:26, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :The dative singular of ''surditas'' does not have "the same appearance/form" as the ablative singular. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:58, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::I'm not sure if I'm understood. Isn't this form 'surditate' both dative and ablative? --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 03:06, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :::No, ''surditate'' is not dative. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:00, 21 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::In its dative sense, can't it mean 'for the deaf' ? --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 03:06, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :::It can mean 'for deafness'. 'For (the benefit of)' is one of the senses of the dative. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:00, 21 Augusti 2014 (UTC) Is it possible, in the other hand, to use hominibus surdium to mean the same? Thanks for looking into this Iacobus.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:26, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :No, it is not. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:58, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) About the numbers of deaf in each country, can I insert 100 hominibus surdium to mean 'for 100 deaf persons'? --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:26, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::No. The word ''hominibus'' and the nonword ''surdium'' obviously can't go together. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:00, 21 Augusti 2014 (UTC) I think hominibus can be left out since I read in a chapter of latin grammar that you can use the genitive characteristic directly and the 'person' 'friends' 'relatives' and 'people' are assumed. eg. I saw his relatives.= Vidi suorum. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:26, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) For the no. of deafs, I will try to check the sources and refer to the English wiki.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:49, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :You are right that adjectives and possessive pronouns can be used substantively, with "homines", "cognati", "amici", etc. implied. But this has nothing to do with the genitive. "He saw his people" = "Suos vidit". I don't think it's usual with ''eius/eorum'': "I saw his people" = <s>"Eius vidi"</s> "Cognatos eius vidi". You can also use the adjective ''surdus'', "deaf", as a substantive: "I gave books to a hundred deaf people" = "Centum surdis libros dedi". ''Surditas'' means "deafness", the condition, and its dative (which you can easily [[:en:wikt:surditas|look up]]) is ''surditati''. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 18:06, 21 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::If memory serves (and datives usually follow direct objects), in ''Centum surdis libros dedi'' the dative is being featured, so the sentence might be glossed 'It was to a hundred deaf people that I gave the books'. That's in isolation, of course; context might dictate otherwise. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:56, 21 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :::Hmm, [http://books.google.com/books?id=qngXAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA430 Gildersleeve] actually gives "indirect object, direct object' as the usual order, but anyway, in the case of this imaginary sentence, I'm fine with whatever interpretation the reader chooses. :) [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 16:43, 23 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::::Professor Gildersleeve was apparently wrong! Devine & Stephens, having crunched zillions of sentences, conclude: "A default order clearly emerges from the data. What is that default order? Conflating the various argument structures analyed[,] we come up with the following overall order :::::Subj DO IO/Obl Adj Goal/Source Nonref-DO V ::::or in English: Subject—Direct Object—Indirect Object or Oblique argument—Adjunct—Goal or Source argument—Nonreferential Direct Object—Verb" (''Latin Word Order,'' p. 79). Later, on the next page, they explain: "We note right away that, if we can identify the Latin inflected dative with the English prepositional recipient, the order of arguments and adjuncts is the same as in English." The first two (of seven) examples on the next page are "praedam militi (dedit) / (gave) the booty to the soldiers" [ecce typo (''militi'' pro ''militibus'')!] and "scribas anulis in contione (donarunt) / (presented) their scribes with rings in the assembly." (They don't point out that equally good Latin for the latter might be "anulos scribis in contione (donarunt).") For a feel for the linguistic analysis offered in this book, read this explanation of a larger version of the latter (which, btw, is simplified from Cicero, ''In Verrem,'' 2.3.185): "This says roughly that our generals as agents and their scribes as patients and gold rings as instruments and their respective assemblies as location are involved in a presentation relationship" (p. 83). :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:39, 23 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :::::Btw, D&S aren't being complete enough in speaking of identifying just "the Latin inflected dative with the English prepositional recipient." The second example quoted above, at least to my ears, involves the ablative plural (''anulis''), not the dative plural (also ''anulis''). But the discussion on p. 80 shows understanding of this, and the broader point remains: several sorts of arguments (including indirect objects and instruments) canonically go between the direct object and the verb. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:50, 23 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::::::Thanks, I'll have to read that! We can perhaps excuse Gildersleeve since he didn't distinguish referential from non-referential direct objects, though if I understand the term correctly, my ''libros'' is definitely referential, so it would more commonly come before the I.O., as you say. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 21:11, 23 Augusti 2014 (UTC) THANK YOU VERY MUCH for this discussion, Iacobus, Lesgles. It may take me a while (actually a very LONG time)to process this .[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 10:31, 24 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::: It may be rash to suggest that professor Gildersleeve was wrong. There are other studies (such as ''Word order between morphology and syntax'' by Chiara Polo, 2004: 222) that come up with the same conclusion. With all due respect to D&S's awesome book, let me pick up the authors' pithy statement that Latin word order is “grammatically free but pragmatically fixed" (p.29). Indeed, but given that Latin word order is syntactically variable, one wonders why the basic order is formulated in syntactic terms. It is the framework of generative grammar that leads to positing a basic word order for a free word order language and to dealing with exceptions in terms of "scramblings" and other more or less mystical movements. But many "deviations" are too numerous to be just deviations. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 18:59, 24 Augusti 2014 (UTC) == Superheroes == Hi, Jondel. Going through the recent pages, I see problems with some of these pages. # They contain hidden text. Why? When do you intend to remove it? Hidden text makes the editing screen confusing. It should normally be removed by the time you have finished your work on a page, except in special cases where it is intended to help other editors. # The external links seem to be to the DC Comics or Marvel Comics home page, not to anything specific about the hero concerned. This doesn't support your text. The result, when the hidden text is removed and the link doesn't help, is that the page may become a non-stipula. I am marking some as non-stipula, but you are of course very welcome to improve them, or to replace the Non-stipula with In-progressu if you are still at work on these pages. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:43, 21 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :Ok. Andrew, I will be working on removing them. Also if an article is about 2 sentences or less, I would be leaving a stipula notice.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:32, 22 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::The Non-stipula formula is precise about this: to qualify as a stipula, an article must have at least 200 characters, and it won't be a stipula if it has 199 characters but otherwise meets the stated criteria. For any text, you can find the number of characters after the word ''Magnitudo'' under the editbox (after you've clicked "Monstrare praevisum"). On my screen, such a number prints just above "Mutata tua statim visibilia erunt!"—but the location may differ on your screen. ¶ Strangely, considering that we're dealing with computerization here, the number of characters that the program produces under "Magnitudo" as just described differs a little from reality, but nobody has responded to my queries about this anomaly. On the practical consequences of having too many stipulas, see the new heading below. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:57, 15 Octobris 2014 (UTC) Hi, Jondel. I had a small problem with [[Fe del Mundo]] and [[Ram Bahadur Bomjon]]: no external source of information. I'm sure that you could add a link to an external source, or a reference to a book. Once that's done, you can take off the "Non stipula" tag! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:15, 15 Octobris 2014 (UTC) ::Ok. I will work on this.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 22:24, 17 Octobris 2014 (UTC) ==What's a stub?== How many characters does a short text need before it becomes unmarked as a stipula, and thus is promoted from the status of a stub to the status of an article? That is: what's the ''upper'' limit of a stipula? I'd suggest 2000 characters on average, or even 1750, but consensus may be lacking. A practical reason for concern over this question is that stubs reduce a wiki's so-called depth—a concept that Meta uses as a measure of quality: the greater the ratio of stubs to articles, the lower the quality of the enterprise. Compared with other wikis of about the same size, Vicipaedia scores unexpectedly low. This state of affairs must partly be due to thousands of stipula-marked articles produced by our European hamlet-loving contributors. For example: [[Cusinum]], from which I've recently removed the stipula mark because the text fills up a whole screen-page and therefore doesn't (subjectively) look like a stub on my screen. The way the quality-assessing game is played forces participants to be cautious about calling texts stubs. Every new article marked as a stub '''''reduces''''' the supposed '''''quality''''' of the enterprise. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:57, 15 Octobris 2014 (UTC) :Instead of an absolute number, perhaps some number on a sliding scale relating to the "ideal" size of a given topic would be more appropriate, but although we may have a (subjective) sense of these proportions, finding objective criteria might be impossible. For example, a 2000-character article on [[Bellum Orbis Terrarum|WWII]] would be woefully inadequate (we'd all surely agree), and such a text should indeed be marked as a stub, as might a 3000-character or even a 4000-character article on that topic, whereas the mere 751.3 characters of [[Caychax]]—a settlement consisting of ''twelve'' people!—might be more than anyone, except perhaps the residents of the locality, and their friends and relatives, would ever want to know, and so maybe that text (and numerous others not unlike it) should be considered an article, rather than a stub. Is there any obective way to make such distinctions? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:57, 15 Octobris 2014 (UTC) ::Perhaps a discussion better held at the Taberna? [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 16:09, 15 Octobris 2014 (UTC) :::OK, let's copy it there. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:22, 15 Octobris 2014 (UTC) == [[Daredevil]] == Hi, Jondel. Thanks for going back there. I now see some relevant stuff at Marvel, but the middle link (supposed to be "toonopedia") doesn't work yet :( [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:17, 2 Novembris 2014 (UTC) Your welcome. Likewise it is good you check up on this. There is a 1964 link at toonopedia. Let me fix that link. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:49, 3 Novembris 2014 (UTC) == [[Antivirus]] == It's fine to recreate the article, Jondel, but you have to make it up to stipula standard (at the very least, more text and an external source of information: an illustration if there is one) or it just gets deleted again in the end ... :( [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:12, 15 Novembris 2014 (UTC) :Well I was wondering about that. You know I made a request regarding its Latin at the Taberna. It seems to have been ignored. I will work to put up some more info and a source and possible an illustration. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:02, 15 Novembris 2014 (UTC) ::I was about to delete [[The Terminator (pellicula 1984)]], but seeing how much work you put into it, I thought I'd give you a last chance! All it needs to save it is an external source of some kind. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:43, 11 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) Ok Andrew.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 19:08, 11 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) == Attribution == Hi, Jondel. Please have look at the page [[Plasticitas]]. Where you write "Fons" with a link to en:wiki, I take it you mean this as an attribution -- that you have translated from en:wiki. Is that right? We just had a discussion on the Taberna about attribution: maybe you missed it. We all agreed that we would do it in one of two ways: either in the summarium, or by starting a talk page and putting the atttribution there. We don't do it on the page itself. At this stage, I suggest, you use the talk page method. It's really easy. Start the talk page and insert <nowiki>{{Attributio|en|Plasticity (physics)}}</nowiki>. OK? I'll leave it to you to do that. You also need to add some relevant external source or external link to this page, otherwise it is a "Non stipula". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:49, 6 Martii 2015 (UTC) ok.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 15:26, 6 Martii 2015 (UTC) == [[Mahathir Mohamad]] == Jondel, I'm looking at the page [[Mahathir Mohamad]]. On 24 February you added a "source" (fons) to it. It's a book published in 1969. How can it possibly be a source for the prime ministership of Mahathir Mohamad, which ran from 1981 to 2003? It looks as if you're writing pure nonsense there! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:50, 24 Martii 2015 (UTC) :It's OK, don't worry about it, I have added a bibliography from en:wiki now. Four books about Mahathir Mohamad! Not bad eh? I also added a bibliography to [[Plasticitas]] (see above) from the same so-generous source :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:52, 24 Martii 2015 (UTC) Not bad!Sorry about Mahathir. Anyway, it is good that you investigate these things. I'll be sure to place better sources.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:05, 25 Martii 2015 (UTC) == Translating the interface in your language, we need your help == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello Jondel, thanks for working on this wiki in your language. [http://laxstrom.name/blag/2015/02/19/prioritizing-mediawikis-translation-strings/ We updated the list of priority translations] and I write you to let you know. The language used by this wiki (or by you in your preferences) needs [[translatewiki:Translating:Group_statistics|about 100 translations or less]] in the priority list. You're almost done! [[Image:Translatewiki.net logo.svg|frame|link=translatewiki:|{{int:translateinterface}}]] Please [[translatewiki:Special:MainPage|register on translatewiki.net]] if you didn't yet and then '''[[translatewiki:Special:Translate/core-0-mostused|help complete priority translations]]''' (make sure to select your language in the language selector). With a couple hours' work or less, you can make sure that nearly all visitors see the wiki interface fully translated. [[User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 14:06, 26 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meta:Sandbox&oldid=12031713 --> == [[Ferdinandus Mendes Pinto]] == I'm happy you started this page. He is one of my favourite characters! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:55, 7 Iunii 2015 (UTC) :Thank you. Did you read Shogun by James Clavell? Im wondering if he based that portuguese shipment of guns and rifles in Japan on him. He was enslaved, escaped and shipwrecked many times. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 15:49, 7 Iunii 2015 (UTC) == Viscus/Viscera == Hello Jondel, best greetings and wishes from Bavaria. Although being very occupied I will try to contribute to this page started by you! But first of all the title should be o.k. I started a discussion page, let's see, if there will be contributions from good latinists. Certainly wrong is the title "Textus conexivus". To that page I started a discussion page as well. Have a good summer![[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 22:53, 8 Iunii 2015 (UTC) :Greetings from Pasay Philippines and thank you for your response. Did you know I was in Munchen/Munich as a reporter to the electronica expo? I really hope the textus can be solved.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 10:54, 9 Iunii 2015 (UTC) :Textus doesn't seem to be wrong.<ref>De Textus Langenscheidt Pocket Latin Dictionary pagina 465 Tissue- Textus. </ref>--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:06, 10 Iunii 2015 (UTC) Thank you for your help with viscera, textus and others.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:56, 12 Iunii 2015 (UTC) ==Fontes == <references/> == Hermes == Salve, ut paginam disputationis legas, te rogo. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 05:22, 24 Iunii 2015 (UTC) :Ave. Iam respondui. Soleo reddere ex wiki anglice. Cum cures tu vel aliquis emendet , me placet .--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:20, 24 Iunii 2015 (UTC) == Nicolaus Winton == Please. Could I suggest you two little things: 1) not ''in 2015'' or ''in 1924'' but ''anno 2015'' or ''anno 1924'' 2) in the Latin language we use few commas therefore I believe ''die 4 Iulii 2015'' it's better than ''4 Iulii, 2015'' [[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]]. Ciao ([[Disputatio Usoris:Helveticus montanus|disputatio]]) 06:58, 4 Iulii 2015 (UTC) ::Anglice quoque: "July 4, 2015" aut "4 July 2015," sed numquam "4 July, 2015." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:23, 4 Iulii 2015 (UTC) :Yes. It is very good you take time improve this. I will do my best to remember this. Like you and probably many here, we want to write many article but there is so little time and it is easy to forget. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 09:59, 4 Iulii 2015 (UTC) == Radiotherapia == Aliquas emendationes fecit. I've done some corrections, I hope you agree with them. Ciao from Switzerland Max--[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Helveticus montanus|disputatio]]) 06:59, 22 Augusti 2015 (UTC) :As long as you didn't delete content and the latin is decent I am rather appreciative of it. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 06:32, 23 Augusti 2015 (UTC) :Ciao from Pasay, the Philippines.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 06:58, 23 Augusti 2015 (UTC) == Injection, Syringe et Hypodermic needle == Dear Jondel, I have checked in [[Carolus Egger]], ''[[Lexicon Latinum hodiernum]]''' (the written edition, there is also a version on-line [[Lexicon recentis Latinitatis]],, but unfortunately I've not found an answer for these three words. I will try again on the internet. Ciao--[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Helveticus montanus|disputatio]]) 10:38, 23 Augusti 2015 (UTC) :I 've tried thanks anyway. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:00, 23 Augusti 2015 (UTC) ::From Traupman's dictionary: injection = ''iniectio'' and syringe = ''clyster''. ({{TraupmanLatinEng3}}) Hypodermic needle is not in there, but [https://books.google.com/books?id=5gFrbtTM4WMC&pg=PA49 here's] a source for ''acus subcutanea''. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 18:01, 23 Augusti 2015 (UTC) Are you OK with clyster? Do you know what else a 'clyster' refers to? I ' m hesitant.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 22:02, 23 Augusti 2015 (UTC) Thank you very much Lesgles and Helveticus. I will work on this soon.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 22:04, 23 Augusti 2015 (UTC) :If we want to avoid the association with enemas, [http://ruslat.info/display.php?action=view&id=17416&from=word=%F8%EF%F0%E8%F6|type=full|action=search this Russian-Latin dictionary] gives "iniector medicus" for ''syringe''. Otherwise, ''syringe'' comes from medieval Latin ''syringa'', which might be acceptable. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 18:46, 27 Augusti 2015 (UTC) Eugepage! Awesome Lesgles. I will be sure to put this in the notes.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 09:44, 29 Augusti 2015 (UTC) 'acus' is femine. I need to move the article to Acus hypodermica.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 07:30, 31 Augusti 2015 (UTC) == [[Fernão Pires de Andrade]] == Hi, Jondel. You need to go back to the page [[Fernão Pires de Andrade]] fairly quickly! # First, what is his name? Is it Fernão Pires de Andrade or Tomé Pires? Or if it's both, you have to explain. # Second, your footnote says "Madureira 1590-151". What does this mean? Is it a reference? What to? A source reference has to be something that other Wikipedians can follow up: they need to verify your work. # Third, you need to link the page to other wikis. The infobox (capsa) will not work until you do that. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:31, 2 Septembris 2015 (UTC) :My apologies Andrew. I got confused with the Pires name with Tome, started investigating, distracted and eventually forgot about the whole thing.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:15, 3 Septembris 2015 (UTC) ::It happens to me too! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:51, 3 Septembris 2015 (UTC) :] --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:17, 3 Septembris 2015 (UTC) == [[Arjunus]] == Hi, Jondel. I notice you removed the "dubsig" from the word "origa". I didn't put it there, but, speaking for myself, I don't know what the word means and don't really understand that sentence. Would you like to tell me in English what it's trying to say? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:22, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) :Perhaps the Whitaker dictionary is [http://129.74.15.137/cgi-bin/wordz.pl?keyword=origa wrong]? 'He was taught divine science by Krishna, god and charioteer.' --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:09, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) ::Yes, it's wrong, or it's favoring Vulgar Latin pronunciation. The Classical word is ''[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dauriga auriga].'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:17, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) :::Thank you Iacobus.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:54, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) :I will change this to auriga. origa is the old form.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:14, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) :::Yes, you're right, I didn't know that. "Auriga" makes things much clearer, thanks. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:24, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) ::::your welcome Andrew and thank you for pointing this out Andrew.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:54, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) ::You still haven't noticed that ''Krishnadeo'' isn't a word. Quite often in your texts, an obligatory space is missing. Does the device that you're using have a stuck spacebar? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:20, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) Sorry. I will be more careful.<s>Im fixing the deo thing now.</s>--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:47, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) Thanks for fixing Iacobus.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:50, 13 Octobris 2015 (UTC) == Capsae == Hi, Jondel. When adding a "capsa hominis" it's best to check whether it uses the same image that we already have. If so, look in Commons in case there is a different one we can use. Finally, if there is no other, our separate image should (nearly always) be deleted, because there is no reason to show the same image twice. I'm looking at [[Felix Houphouët-Boigny]] and [[Carolus Ginzburg]], for example. (There was a discussion and agreement on this soon after I created the formula, but I can't remember where the discussion is ...) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:56, 15 Novembris 2015 (UTC) :Great work! I will try to look into this. I guess the image shouldn't be shown twice. By the way, you live in France? Well it is good to see you active here and I guess not too adversely affected by bombings! Keep safe and keep up the good work!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:45, 17 Novembris 2015 (UTC) ::Thanks, Jondel! Sorry I missed this reply till now. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:15, 20 Novembris 2015 (UTC) == Gameta/gametus == Hello Jondel, I was looking for the Latin word for ''gamete'' when writing the page [[bryophyta]], and I found your page [[gameta]], which gives ''gameta'', ''gamete'' and ''gametus''. I only found ''gametus'' in the sources, so I used that. Do you have a source for ''gameta''? [[Usor:Bavo C. Jozef|Bavo C. Jozef]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bavo C. Jozef|disputatio]]) 16:59, 20 Novembris 2015 (UTC) ;One source :https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=uJcL_Uud0OkC&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=gameta+new+latin&source=bl&ots=Uzrd7aSmvx&sig=MCvq6yPAuhjgwmjRpNJ4Wp0Bink&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie0JzMtaHJAhWDE5QKHf59BKEQ6AEIQjAJ#v=onepage&q=gameta%20new%20latin&f=false :Please also try googling and searching for this.: 1885-90; < New Latin gameta < Greek gamet- (stem of gametḗ wife, gamétēs husband), derivative of gameîn to marry :I hope this helps.By the way, I would appreciate it if you could improve the page's latin.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:12, 21 Novembris 2015 (UTC) ::Thanks! I changed the word in [[bryophyta]] and I improved the Latin of [[gameta]] a bit. [[Usor:Bavo C. Jozef|Bavo C. Jozef]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bavo C. Jozef|disputatio]]) 15:45, 22 Novembris 2015 (UTC) == [[Taniguchi Kei|Kei Taniguchi]] == Hi, Jondel. Are you able to translate from Japanese to Latin? I ask because I might begin an article on the mountaineer Kei Taniguchi. There is no English article yet, but there is a Japanese one. I'll link to it and if you can add anything from it, great. This if I have time ... busy day ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:01, 25 Decembris 2015 (UTC) :I would love to translate it! At the moment I was gathering material for a future latin article of the Boxer Rebellion.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 10:21, 25 Decembris 2015 (UTC) {{Iubilaeum Vicipaedianorum}} [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:51, 1 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :Gratias tibi ago o Andrew.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 03:59, 2 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) ::Thanks and happy New Year again, Jondel. Sorry about the little formatting puzzle -- I didn't realise that including the section heading in the formula would have that effect on the edit button. We live and learn! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:35, 2 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :::No problem about the formatting. Hsppy New Year! I hope you will still monitor and try to improve the quality of the Latin in the articles. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:56, 4 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) == Four on the brink == Jondel, I deleted four more long-term Non-stipula pages that were yours, I think: [[Akim]], [[Dinalupihan]], [[Balanga]], [[Pilar]]. I will restore them to life right away if you want to work on them -- just ask. In general they want a bit more text and an external source. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:23, 9 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :Andrew, I appreciate your inform me on this. I would like to take you up on that, to restore them and I will in turn work on those resources. Right now I 'm focused on the Stigmata rewrite.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 19:02, 9 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ::OK, will do. Take your time. I don't think anyone else is deleting non-stipulae right now. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:52, 9 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :::Thank you so much!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 19:55, 9 Februarii 2016 (UTC) == We don't edit-war == Jondel, I've heard from more than one other editor that you remove Latinity markings without justification. I just saw that at [[Medicina succursoria]] you did it without making any improvement; yesterday I think, at [[Acus sarcinatoria]], you made the Latinity worse and then removed the mark. (Worse because "instrumentum tenuis" and "ab prisca tempora" cannot possibly be correct.) We don't edit-war on Vicipaedia: no one ever does, so if an editor puts a Latinity mark on a page another editor doesn't fight to remove it. Instead, the other editor looks to see what's wrong. But I think, too, you have to admit that you can't yet construct a grammatical Latin sentence without help: so you can't really judge that the Latinity is OK: so you shouldn't remove Latinity marks. Tell me if you think that's unfair! But no more edit wars. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:50, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ::It seems to me that this is a general principle: we shouldn't remove Latinitas rankings added by other editors (or at least by ''well-skilled'' other editors!) to pages that we've created. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:48, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :::Yes, I think that is a very good principle and I would agree that in future we should ''all'' follow it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:48, 14 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :I saw your note to Neander on my talk page. I was going to add this comment anyway: I'll add it now. You often ask other editors to indicate all the mistakes in your Latin texts. You can ask, and maybe they will help you! But think about it from the other point of view. It seems to me that you are saying: "I refuse to learn Latin from a textbook. I demand that you teach me." Again, tell me if that's unfair. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:57, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ::You are making this up Andrew. I routinely ask for help at the Taberna, which is always ignored. You are assuming edit war too soon. I made improvements. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 18:05, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ::I made an improvement.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 18:06, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :::No. I would agree that you took out two words. But you need to think seriously about the points I raise above. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:15, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) If you interpret me as saying "I refuse to learn Latin from a textbook", that comes from you, ok. I am not saying "I refuse to learn..." and have been open to the best of my knowledge and made appeals in on the taberna. I don't edit war, even at the English wiki. However, I need to keep progressing.I'm out for now.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 18:21, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ::I'd guess the background here is that it looks as if your texts haven't benefited from taking a course in which the grammar is presented in a standard way, with one thing leading to another in a pedagogically proven order, the result being a kind of grammatical Swiss cheese, in which you know some useful things well, but other useful things not at all. By removing rankings of –3, –4, and such, you're showing that you don't see your errors for what they are. I've occasionally tried to help by adding dubsigs. Of course, ideally each error should be explained to you, but volunteers like the rest of us seldom have the time to do that. It's what a teacher in an academic setting might do. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:36, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :Focus on this point, please, Jondel: "you can't really judge that the Latinity is OK: so you shouldn't remove Latinity marks". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:28, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ::Yes! But as I've suggested above, I think this point is pertinent not only here, but everywhere, and it could be elevated to a general principle, applicable to all people who create pages; however, the principle would need an exception to allow for correcting rankings wrongly added by unskilled writers (or even vandals), so I don't know how it would be enforced. :/ [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:54, 13 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :::We don't need to enforce (luckily) because we all follow rules! If such a case arose, I guess we'd merely ask a third editor to judge. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:48, 14 Februarii 2016 (UTC) Jondel, please, pay heed to Andrew's and Iacobus's wise words. Nobody wants to disparage you. The reason for Latinitas tags is "consumer guidance" — to indicate to the casual reader that (1.) the article in question is to be read with some benevolence because it may contain words or phrases that are alien to standard Latin, and (2.) the article is supposed to be corrected in the near future. I could't but rewrite the entire article, loosely basing the translation on the English source text. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 09:23, 14 Februarii 2016 (UTC) Neander, kindly stop saying things like this.' timeo ne bellum editorum mihi et Jondelio oriturum sit de medicina succursoria. 'Oh am I supposed to not be able to understand this because its in Latin? You are also being snobbish by not responding to my latin reply back at Andrew's discussion page, why here? Because you can all three of you can gang up on me? I did not edit war, because, as best as I could, made an improvement. The original at the time of the latinatis is different. I will accede and not change the Latinitas. However, allow to express that I do appreciate your presence, and also ask that you do your best to accommodate me. I don't want that you have to rewrite the articles. :There's no ganging up and certainly no snobbishness. It seems to me that Neander was spending some time working with you, and that he asked my advice because [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medicina_succursoria&diff=prev&oldid=3037369 this edit of yours] was so unhelpful that he did not know how best to continue. I responded as I did because I had also noticed [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acus_sarcinatoria&diff=next&oldid=3036904 this edit] from the day before, which struck me as similarly unhelpful. To answer your other comments as well as I can, there is no point in making the same argument in more than one place, and this is a good place for the discussion. I started in English here because I think that English is the easiest language between you and me. Neander had previously written in Latin on my page as he usually does: discussions in Latin are normal on Vicipaedia; English is also OK. There is no problem there, I think. :I am sorry if you disliked my comment "It seems to me that you are saying, 'I refuse to learn Latin from a textbook'" above, but I was simply speaking as I would between professionals -- you and I have both been translators -- inviting you to say if it was unfair. :I am really happy you've agreed not to change the Latinitas mark on pages you have created. I believe Iacobus's idea is good, and we should all follow the same practice. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:50, 14 Februarii 2016 (UTC) I appreciate your help, and Neander's and Iacobus and trying to fix these things. Could we chill out for a while? There is no need to stick to Latin, only not being well, snobbish.English is fine. Whatever the established language of communication, same as probably the English-French situation of where you live(France?). If I don't participate in the Latin discussions, many times its because I don't have anything to contribute. I will do my best to deepen my Latin.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:34, 14 Februarii 2016 (UTC) == Footnotes as [[Stigma (religio)]] == Hi, Jondel. I just saw this page with its huge number of footnotes. Footnotes need to be formatted better than that -- and if, knowing that, you choose not to have so many, that's just fine! If you look at the talk page, you'll see I've tried to explain how Wikipedia footnotes and external links should be formatted. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:10, 6 Martii 2016 (UTC) :And when many short footnotes occur, the layout may benefit from reducing the blank and vertical space by using two (or more) columns, begun as <nowiki>{{div col|2}} and ended as {{div col end}}.</nowiki> Several other ways are available to make columns, but these are the ones that may work best in most circumstances. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:17, 6 Martii 2016 (UTC) Noted. I will be working on this. Iacobus I think your dubsigs are excessive this time are they really required? --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 19:42, 6 Martii 2016 (UTC) == "in sitione britannica" == Hi, Jondel. In new pages I notice you often using the words "in sitione britannica". "Britannica" means British, but "in sitione" doesn't seem to mean anything. Trying to work out what you intended, my best guess is that you mean "at the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' site". Is that it? One possible format for citing the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' is what I've done at [[Ruth]]. It's appropriate to use the heading == Bibliographia == because this is a professional publication, though now only available on line. At any rate, you need to change your wording ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:46, 30 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) :You're right . I will do my best to root out these mistakes of 'sitione' . --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 15:22, 30 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) :Yes, it is what I meant, "at the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' site". I will be changing this to "Pagina Encyclopaediae Britannicae'' . --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 15:34, 30 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) ::Certainly, that expression makes good sense. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:48, 30 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) :::Generally, ''site'' refers to everything contained in a URL ending in dot-com, dot-org, and such, and a ''page'' is part of a site (in the URL, to the right of the com, org, etc.). Here, then, if the reference is to a particular article, it correctly refers to a ''page,'' which can be found on the encyclopedia's ''site.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:40, 30 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) ::::'Situs' would be recommended? Thanks again for pointing out that sitio means 'I thirst'.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 22:39, 30 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) == Rosa Viterbiensis == Gratias, Jondel. --[[Usor:Cláudio José Aarão Rangel|Cláudio José Aarão Rangel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Cláudio José Aarão Rangel|disputatio]]) 05:08, 8 Maii 2016 (UTC) :Me placet. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 05:25, 8 Maii 2016 (UTC) == Bibliography == I changed "bibliographia" to "nexus externi" because the links that appears under that sections are external links, not bibliography used in the article. My mother tongue is Spanish :). --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 13:00, 12 Iunii 2016 (UTC) :Pero porque es solo es-4 en su tabula, no es como materna? Entendido de bibliographia.Encantado a conocerle.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:08, 12 Iunii 2016 (UTC) == Share your experience and feedback as a Wikimedian in this global survey == <div class="mw-parser-output"> <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello! The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey. We want to know how well we are supporting your work on and off wiki, and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation. You have been randomly selected to take this survey as we would like to hear from your Wikimedia community. 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I've sort of lost steam with the latin wikipedia, but I'll be back, just like the Terminator.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 06:04, 9 Aprilis 2018 (UTC) == Reminder: Share your feedback in this Wikimedia survey == <div class="mw-parser-output"> <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Every response for this survey can help the Wikimedia Foundation improve your experience on the Wikimedia projects. So far, we have heard from just 29% of Wikimedia contributors. The survey is available in various languages and will take between 20 and 40 minutes to be completed. '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_5ABs6WwrDHzAeLr?aud=VAE&prj=we&edc=6&prjedc=we6 Take the survey now.]''' If you have already taken the survey, we are sorry you've received this reminder. We have design the survey to make it impossible to identify which users have taken the survey, so we have to send reminders to everyone. 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We have designed the survey to make it impossible to identify which users have taken the survey, so we have to send reminders to everyone. To opt-out of future surveys, send an email through EmailUser feature to [[:m:Special:EmailUser/WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]]. You can also send any questions you have to this user email. [[m:Community_Engagement_Insights/About_CE_Insights|Learn more about this survey on the project page.]] This survey is hosted by a third-party service and governed by this Wikimedia Foundation [[:foundation:Community_Engagement_Insights_2018_Survey_Privacy_Statement|privacy statement]]. </div> <span class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">[[m:User:WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]]</span>, 00:48, 20 Aprilis 2018 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:WMF Surveys@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_Engagement_Insights/MassMessages/Lists/2018/we6&oldid=17898672 --> == [[Fidelis Ramos]] == Hi, Jondel. I replaced the "ScDub" formula. There really is a problem. The first sentence says he was born in 1928, the second sentence says he was born in 1947. Both sentences have other information in them also, so just deleting a sentence may not be the right answer. It seems you wrote the page that way, so please have a look and correct it if you can. Thanks [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:31, 20 Iunii 2018 (UTC) :Ok Andrew. I will work on now. Thanks for the heads up!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:46, 20 Iunii 2018 (UTC) == Thanks == Dear Jondel, thanks for your noticing of my contributions to Vicipaedia. My Latin is still poor, but my ideas are fresh and I hope I can keep going with my translation suggestions in a overall manner. I already made my check also at Star Wars Episode 8 Page, as you requested. Once again, thanks for receiving well my suggestions and for welcoming me here, and don't be afraid to be creative :) [[Usor:EleassarBR|EleassarBR]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:EleassarBR|disputatio]]) 03:12, 23 Iunii 2018 (UTC) :Your welcome! Please keep up the good work and bear with other's zeal and enthusiasm!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:10, 23 Iunii 2018 (UTC) == Black Death == Hi Jondel. Forgive me for editing this page: you're working on it, but I just wanted to add a Latin name that I could verify ... and then I found a contemporary Latin source for the events and I didn't want to lose sight of it! But I haven't touched your text. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:17, 1 Iulii 2018 (UTC) :I really appreciate your concern. Let me work on it first then correct as you see fit. Latin sources are indeed necessary but I do hope we can progress fairly on this.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:24, 1 Iulii 2018 (UTC) == Tibi gratias uno ex ~250 editoribus principalibus medicis agimus! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> :''Te rogamus, ut iuves et convertas istud nuntium in propriam tuam linguam per [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Project_Med/The_Cure_Award meta]''. {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |Ecce '''Praemium Curandi 2018''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |Anno 2018 tute eras uno ex [[W:EN:Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine/Stats/Top medical editors 2018 (all)|~250 editoribus principalibus medicis]] trans quasque Vicipaediae linguas. Tibi gratias ''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]'' agimus propter tu ipse lubenter, complete, accurate, optume enim conlationes sanitarias atque subsidia publicitus offerebas. Nos profecto tibi et amplissimum operis tuis magni aestimamus! ''Wiki Project Med Foundation'' est [[meta:user group|grex usorum]] cum muneribus rationes sanitarias nostras emendatu. Respice ad '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|haec]]''' et interes, si voles, sine sumptibus sociatis. |} Gratias denuo agimus :-) -- [[W:EN:User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] cum cuncto grege apud '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]'''17:53, 28 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Medical_Editors_2018/la&oldid=18822372 --> == Sophrologia == Hi, Jondel. Nice to see you again. At [[Sophrologia]] I moved your comments in hidden text to [[Disputatio:Sophrologia#Stress und andere psychische Spannungen|the talk page]], where those two words ''laboriis animiis'' are already discussed. Hope that's OK. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:09, 11 Iulii 2019 (UTC) :I completely forgot to reply! Thanks for your welcome back. I will try to fix this(, aaaaaaaaaan not start something new until I finish the rest of what I started!!!!!) laboriiis etc.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 07:49, 23 Augusti 2019 (UTC) == Invitation to Rejoin the [https://mdwiki.org/wiki/WikiProjectMed:Translation_task_force Healthcare Translation Task Force] == [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|right|frameless|125px]] You have been a [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/prior/index.php medical translators within Wikipedia]. We have recently relaunched our efforts and invite you to [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php join the new process]. Let me know if you have questions. Best [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 12:34, 13 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_translators/10&oldid=25451576 --> == Pagina “[[Spider-Man]]” facta est [[Adumbratio:Spider-Man|adumbratio]] == <!-- Substitutio formulae {{Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione}} secundum recensionem 3952586 -->[[Imago:Information.svg|x25px|alt=Inspicienda]] Salve Jondel! Propter brevitatem, pagina a te creata “[[Spider-Man]]” nuper facta est [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|adumbratio]]—novus titulus est “[[Adumbratio:Spider-Man]]”. Si aucta erit, libenter in encyclopediam iterum accipietur. Si ulteriora de commentationibus creandis legere vis, [[Vicipaedia:Praefatio|nostrum enchiridion]] inspicere potes. Vale. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 05:28, 27 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :It seems that both pages now exist, [[Spider-Man]] and [[Adumbratio:Spider-Man]]. There's a warning about this fact at the head of "Spider-Man", but it doesn't tell me which page to edit if I want to correct the Latin! [[Usor:Andronikos Komnenos|Andronicus Comnenus]] 10:34, 29 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you for bringing this to my attention! Let me delete the Adumbratio.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:03, 29 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::Please correct at the Article itself. Why correct at the draft.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 07:47, 30 Iunii 2026 (UTC) onmjs8xr55fzqlfr35w1isl92foknw3 0 19551 3967303 3542541 2026-06-29T14:33:00Z LilyKitty 18316 de bibliotheca et satura 3967303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|1}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Iacobus Leopardius''',<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=OZMGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA128&dq=Jacobus+Leopardius&hl=it&ei=tfpCTOTdOIfQjAfy0Okk&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Jacobus%20Leopardius&f=false Comes Jacobus Leopardius Recanatensis'']</ref> nomine nativo ''Giacomo Taldegardo Francesco di Sales Saverio Pietro Leopardi'' (natus [[Helvia Recina|Helviae Recinae]] in [[Marchia Anconitana]], die [[29 Iunii]] [[1798]]; [[Neapolis|Neapoli]] die [[14 Iunii]] [[1837]] mortuus) fuit [[scriptor]], [[poeta]], [[philologia|philologus]] atque [[philosophus]] [[Italia|Italicus]] more [[Romanticismus|Romanticismo]] deinde [[aetas Illuminationis|Illuminatione]]. == Vita == Pater eius, Monaldus Leopardius comes, qui fuit poeta et studiosus, magnam [[bibliotheca]]m domi cumulavit, e qua Iacobus tam multa didicit ut [[paedagogia|paedagogi]] magistrique ei, decimum quintum annum agenti, se nulla ultra habere docenda dicerent. Nam [[Graece|Graecum]], [[Latine|Latinum]], [[Lingua Hebraica|Hebraicum]], [[Lingua Francogallica|Gallicum]] cognoscebat sermones atque [[philologia]]e, [[historia]]e et [[Scientia (ratio)|scientiae]] [[natura]]li studebat. Per septem sequentes annos Leopardius [[antiquitas|antiquis]] scriptoribus studuit et eos convertit in Italicum sermonem, septem didicit sermones, de [[astronomia]] scripsit, atque [[oda]]s lingua Graeca composuit, quas "Adespotas" nominavit, tam accuratas ut quidam peritus eas vere antiquas putaverit. Anno [[1816]] se transivisse ex eruditione ad [[u|pulchritudinem]] (''dall'erudizione al bello'') scripsit: his verbis Leopardius declaravit se ex studio ad poeticam transivisse qualitatis [[pessimismus|pessimismi]]. Hoc fere tempore prima idyllia (Italice ''idilli'') composuit; inter iis ''L'infinito'' (Latine ''[[infinitas|Infinitum]]''), quod est carmen breve sed praeclarum. Anno 1822 [[Roma]]m visere potuit, hospes familiae matris suae. Magna ei fuerat cupiditas cognoscendae Romae, sed urbs ei valde displicuit. Unus locus eius animum movit: sepulchrum poetae [[Torquatus Tasso|Torquati Tasso]] in [[Ianiculum|Ianiculo]] Monte. Postquam domum rediit, carmina pauca scripsit per nonnullos annos; composuit contra breves sermones, praecipue [[satura|satyricos]], quos ''Operette morali'' (''Opuscula moralia'') nomavit. Anno [[1825]] [[Mediolanum]] iit, ut ibi colligere et curare posset novam [[Cicero]]nis editionem. Similia negotia [[Bononia]]e, [[Florentia]]e, [[Pisae|Pisis]] obtinuit, ita ut sua pecunia vivere modeste posset, quoniam vita apud parentes in dies minus tolerabilis facta erat. Anno [[1828]] nova carmina composuit, quasi animus poetae renovatus esset: ''Il Risorgimento'' (''resurrectio'') et ''A Silvia'' (''Ad Silviam''). Eodem anno, valetudo et inopia Leopardium coegerunt ut Helviam Recinam rediret; vita in patris domo ei gravis fuit, at illo ipso tempore composuit praeclara carmina: ''Le ricordanze'' (''Recordationes''), ''Il sabato del villaggio'' (''Saturni dies pagi''), ''La quiete dopo la tempesta'' (''Quies post procellam''), ''Canto notturno di un pastore errante dell'Asia'' (''Cantus nocturnus pastoris errantis Asiani''). His carminibus memorias adulescentiae, animi demissionem post omnem spem ereptam expressit, cum certus nunc factus esset non solum sibi, sed hominibus cunctis natura nihil aliud parare nisi dolorem et mortem. Postquam Helviam Recinam rursus reliquit, aliquod tempus Florentiae vixit, tam difficili in condicione ut amici suo sumptu ei subvenirent. Florentiae cognovit Fanny Targioni Tozzetti, divitem et cultam dominam, in cuius amorem cecidit. Scripsit nonnulla carmina ad eam (nomine ''Aspasia'') dicata. Postremo, cum intellexisset mulierem amori non respondere, scripsit ''A se stesso'' (''Sibi ipsi''), amarum valde et desperatum carmen. Anno [[1833]] cum amico Antonio Ranieri [[Neapolis|Neapolim]] se convertit, sperans saluti suae urbis mite caelum prodesse posse; in parva domo apud [[Vesuvius|Vesuvium]] vixit extremos vitae suae annos, et composuit praeclarum carmen ''La Ginestra o il fiore del deserto'' ([[1836]]). Insequenti anno obiit die 14 Iunii, carmine ''Il tramonto della luna'' (''Luna occidens'') paucas ante horas scripto. Carminum Leopardi [[interpretatio|versiones]] [[lingua Latina|Latinae]] collecta et edita sunt anno 2005<ref>Leopardi G. Sul colle d’Antela: Canti ed altre poesie in traduzione latina e greca / Con introd. e a cura di E. Renna. Napoli, 2005.</ref>. {{NexInt}} *[[8081 Leopardi]] == Nexus externi == {{fontes biographici}} * Opera Iacobi Leopardi, http://www.liberliber.it/biblioteca/l/leopardi/ * ''[[Carmina (Iacobus Leopardi)|Carmina]] Iacobi Leopardi'', ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]])[http://books.google.com/books?id=AFo0AAAAMAAJ&dq=leopardi&as_brr=1 liber apud books.google.com] * ''Epistolario, con le inscrizioni greche triopee da lui tradotte e lettere di Pietro Giordani e ...1860'', ([[Lingua Italica|Italice]] scriptum, [[Lingua Latina|Latine]] ''Epistularium inscriptionibus Graecis triopaeis ab ipso conversis atque epistulis Petri Jordani et...1860'') [http://books.google.com/books?id=Y6rWW_1jZAsC&dq=leopardi+inscrizione&as_brr=1 liber apud books.google.com] == Notae == <references/> {{DEFAULTSORT:Leopardi, Iacobus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1798]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1837]] [[Categoria:Auctores Italiani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Italiae]] [[Categoria:Poetae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Iacobus Leopardius|!]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Homerici]] ma3j50wxo71i1c6egmb14z708iowrf8 0 19653 3967331 3698172 2026-06-29T19:06:35Z Pippobuono 54500 complementa 3967331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Rambervillers 88 église.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Ecclesia (aedificium)|Ecclesia]] [[Sancta Libaria|Sanctae Libariae]] dicata.]] '''Rambervilleriae'''<ref>{{Hofmannus}}</ref> seu '''Ramberti villa''' seu '''Ranberti villare'''<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 233.</ref>([[Francogallice]] : ''Rambervillers'') urbs et [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:5018}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. [[Fasciculus:Rambervillers 88 mairie.jpg|thumb|180px|left|[[Vici conciliabulum]].]] == Historia == Urbs a Ramberto de Mortagna condita est. == Cives noti == * [[Nicolaus Serarius]] (1555-1609), exegeta, Iesuita, et historicus, hic natus est. * Carolus Chassel (1615-1681), sculptor Regis [[Ludovicus XIV|Ludovici XIV]], hic natus est. * David Chassel (1622-1694), sculptor peritus Parisiis, hic natus est. * Dieudonné Coclet (1669-1743), pictor ornatus, hic natus est. * [[Nicolaus-Alexis Ondernard]] (1756-1831), sacerdos et praelatus, Episcopus [[Dioecesis Namurcensis|Namurcensis]], hic natus est. * [[Ioannes Iosephus Vaudechamp]] (1790-1864), pictor, hic natus est. * [[Antonius-Paulus Vaillant]] (1800-1884), medicus militaris, Praefectus Legionis Honoris, hic natus est. * [[Ludovicus Augustus Napoleon Rousseau]] (1812-1887), [[demarcho]] [[Yrsonnium|Yrsonnii]], hic natus et mortuus est. * [[Franciscus Eugenius Durupt]] (1847-1922), generalis et alumnus Sancti Cyri, hic natus est. * [[Alphonsus Cytère]] (1861-1941), machinator ceramicus Gallicus, Scholae Nancianae coniunctus, hic mortuus est. * [[Aemilius Lacourt]], presbyter, magister atque poeta [[Lingua Latina|Latinus]] natione [[Francia|Francogallus]] ([[1878]]-[[1971]]) * [[Birgitta Kernel]] (1959-), moderatrix televisionis et scriptrix, hic nata est. * [[Ioannes Petrus Vuillemin]] (natus anno 1967), episcopus auxiliaris [[Dioecesis Metensis|Metensis]] (2019-2023), deinde episcopus [[Dioecesis Cenomanensis|Cenomanensis]]. * [[Ioannes Baret]] (1972-), olim pedilusor, hic natus est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Rambervillers|Ramberti villam}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] 8cf4djqlo39k5srtmcvfj79ax9kdplq 0 24478 3967319 3922227 2026-06-29T16:44:47Z Ailamnos 165281 llustratio 3967319 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; empty-cells:show; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:0.5em; background:#FFFFFF;" |- id="K-id" !colspan="2"| [[Thora]] sive [[Pentateuchus]] |- | בְּרֵאשִׁית "in principio" || [[Liber Genesis]] |- | שְׁמוֹת "nomina" || [[Liber Exodus]] |- | וַיִּקְרָא "et vocavit" || Liber Leviticus |- | בְּמִדְבַּר "in deserto" || [[Liber Numeri]] |- | דְּבָרִים "verba" || [[Liber Deuteronomii]] |} [[Fasciculus:Book_of_Leviticus,_Mikraot_Gdolot,_Warsaw_edition,_1860,_Page_1.jpg|thumb|Liber Leviticus, [[Varsovia]]e 1860]] [[Fasciculus:LEV 8- High priest in robes and breastplate.jpg|thumb|[[Levi (tribus)|Levita]], administer cultus [[Templum Hierosolymitanum|templi Hierosolymitani]].]] '''Liber Leviticus''' est tertius [[Biblia|Bibliorum Sacrorum]] liber et simul [[Pentateuchus|Pentateuchi]] ([[Thora]]e). Multas gentis [[Israelitae|Israelitarum]] [[lex|leges]] continet, imprimis praecepta, quae illos [[sacerdos|sacerdotes]] attinent, qui ab [[Aaron]] prognati sunt ("Kohanim"). Quaestio, quis librum Levitici conscripsisset, multas et varias disputationes incitavit (vide: [[Thora]]). == Nomen == Liber Leviticus secundum primum libri verbum [[Hebraice]] {{lang|he|וַיִּקְרָ֖א}} ''wayyiqrā'', "vocavit autem", appellatur. Nomen Latinum ex voce [[Lingua Graeca|Graeca]] {{lang|grc|Λευιτικόν}}, "ad [[Levi (tribus)|tribum Levi]] pertinens" sive (το) Λευιτικόν (βιβλίον), "Liber Leviticus", minus apte datum esse videtur, cum liber imprimis Kohanim (id est sacerdotes) et officia eorum tractet, de [[Levi (tribus)|Levitis]] autem non nisi uno loco (Lev 25,32–34) mentio fit. == Breviarium == Liber Leviticus primum (cap. 1-7) praecepta ad varia sacra facienda, quae a sacerdotibus (Aaron et prognatis eius) perpetrantur. Praeterea officia sacerdotum describuntur. Consecratione Aaron filiorumque (cap. 8-10) in sacerdotes sacerdotium Israelitarum constituitur. ''Nadab'' et ''Abihu'', duo filii Aarons, qui graviter in sacris peccant, a Deo interficiuntur. Deinde (cap. 11-15) praecepta dantur, quae animalia "pura" et ad edendum apta sint, porro de puritate hominum in variis vitae conditionibus ([[nativitas]], [[menstruatio]], [[coitus]], [[morbus]]) agitur. In capitulus 13 et 14 copiose usus cum scabiosis explicatur. Ex nomine morbi Hebraico non clare liquet, qualis sit morbus, [[Hieronymus]] autem verbo "lepra" utitur (exempli gratia Lev 13,44-46): :''44 Vir maculatus est lepra, et sacerdos omnino decernet eum esse immundum; plaga est in capite eius. 45 Leprosus hac plaga percussus habebit vestimenta dissuta, comam capitis excussam, barbam contectam; clamabit: "Immundus! Immundus!". 46 Omni tempore, quo leprosus est immundus, immundus est et solus habitabit extra castra.'' In capitulo 16 [[Dies Expiationis]], festum omnium Israelitarum peccatis expiandis, instituitur. :''29 Eritque hoc vobis legitimum sempiternum: mense septimo, decima die mensis affligetis animas vestras nullumque facietis opus sive indigena sive advena, qui peregrinatur inter vos.'' :''30 In hac die expiatio erit vestri atque mundatio; ab omnibus peccatis vestris coram Domino mundabimini.'' :Etiam de duobus hircis mentio fit: Alter mactatur "Domino" "pro peccato populi", alter "statuitur vivus coram Domino in expiationem, ut emittatur ad Azazel in solitudinem" (Lev 16,9-10.15). "Posita utraque manu super caput eius, confiteatur Aaron super eum omnes iniquitates filiorum Israel et universa delicta atque peccata eorum; quae ponens super caput eius emittet illum per hominem paratum in desertum" ( Lev 16,15). In capitulis 17-26 corpus legum invenitur, quod in [[Scientia Biblica]] "Lex Sanctitatis" (Theodisce: "Heiligkeitsgesetz") appellatur,<ref>Nomen ab Augusto Klostermann datum est: Klostermann, A., Ezechiel und das Heiligkeitsgesetz, Zeitschrift für die lutherische Theologie und Kirche 38 (1877) 401-445.</ref> eo quod in "sanctitate" populi sive secessione eius a consuetudinibus aliorum populorum nititur: Populus Dei est, qui eum ex Aegypto eduxit: :''31 Custodite mandata mea et facite ea. Ego Dominus. 32 Ne polluatis nomen meum sanctum, ut sanctificer in medio filiorum Israel. Ego Dominus, qui sanctifico vos 33 et eduxi de terra Aegypti, ut essem vobis in Deum. Ego Dominus''. [[Fasciculus:Manuscript Illumination with Initial V, from a Bible MET DP102859 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Initium libri Levitici in manuscripto saeculi XII]] Lev 25 praecepta de [[Iobeleus|Iobeleo]] amplectitur, diei festi religionis Iudaicae et [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]]. Primus Iobeleus in Ecclesia Catholica Romana anno [[1300]] a [[Bonifacius VIII|Bonifacio VIII]] papa vi ac potestate nominis mutatis promulgatus est. == Commentarii libri Levitici<ref>Ex Vicipaedia Anglica sumpta, vox [[:en:Book of Leviticus]]</ref> == *Balentine, Samuel E (2002). Leviticus. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664237356. *Bamberger, Bernard Jacob The Torah: A Modern Commentary (1981), ISBN 0-8074-0055-6 *Gerstenberger, Erhard S (1996). Leviticus: A Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664226732. *Gorman, Frank H (1997). Divine Presence and Community: A Commentary on the Book of Leviticus. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802801104. *Grabbe, Lester (1998). "Leviticus". In John Barton (ed.). Oxford Bible Commentary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198755005. *Hartley, John E. (1992). Leviticus. Word. ISBN 0849902037. *Houston, Walter J (2003). "Leviticus". In James D. G. Dunn, John William Rogerson (ed.). Eerdmans Bible Commentary. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110. *Kleinig, John W (2004). Leviticus. Concordia Publishing House. ISBN 9780570063179. *Levine, Baruch A. (1989). JPS Torah Commentary: Leviticus. Jewish Publication Society. Archived from the original on 2016-08-05. Retrieved 2014-07-07. *Milgrom, Jacob (1998–2001). Leviticus 1–16, Leviticus 17–22, Leviticus 23–27. New Haven: Yale. *Milgrom, Jacob (2004). Leviticus: A Book of Ritual and Ethics. Minneapolis: Fortress. ISBN 9781451410150. *Watts, James W. (2013). Leviticus 1–10. Leuven: Peeters. ISBN 978-9042929845. *Wenham, Gordon (1979). The Book of Leviticus. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802825223. == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} *[[Aaron]] *[[Dies Expiationis]] *[[Levi (tribus)|Levitae]] *[[Templum Hierosolymitanum]] *[[Campana Libertatis]] == Nexus externus == *[http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_leviticus_lt.html Liber Leviticus in Nova Vulgata] *Klaus Grünwaldt: [https://www.bibelwissenschaft.de/wibilex/das-bibellexikon/lexikon/sachwort/anzeigen/details/leviticus/ch/f1c2fdc8b2ddf545136f169e5f399e9a/ Leviticus]. In: Michaela Bauks, Klaus Koenen, Stefan Alkier (ed.): Das wissenschaftliche Bibellexikon im Internet (WiBiLex), Stuttgardiae 2006 ss. {{Vetus Testamentum}} [[Categoria:Liber Leviticus|!]] f48qrgmzwh8yrul8znpz64n71wzfkgc 0 33154 3967310 3808672 2026-06-29T16:32:05Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Vita */ 3967310 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:John William Waterhouse - The Favorites of the Emperor Honorius - 1883.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Honorius (imperator)|Honorius]] [[imperator]] [[imperium Romanum|Romanus]] [[columbidae|columbidas]] delicias curabat. [[Pictura]] ab [[Ioannes Gulielmus Waterhouse|Ioanne Gulielmo Waterhouse]] anno [[1883]] picta.]] '''Flavius Honorius''' (natus [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] [[9 Septembris]] [[384]]; obiit [[Ravenna]]e [[15 Augusti]] [[423]]), fuit [[filius]] [[Theodosius I|Theodosii]], primi eius nominis Augusti, et [[Aelia Flaccilla|Aeliae Flaccillae]], eius primae [[uxor]]is. Ipse autem [[imperator|Augustus]] regnavit in [[Imperium Romanum Occidentale|imperii Romani parte ad occidentem solem vergenti]] ab anno [[395]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]]. == Vita == [[Fasciculus:Honorius - Miliariense - RIC 0369.1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Nummus]] argenteus cum effigie [[imperator]]is Honorii quasi ''Gloriae Romanorum'' concelebrati.]] Honorius [[puer]] undecim annos natus ad summam rerum cum ascendisset, imperii non capax ad nutum [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichonis]] [[magister militum|magistri militum]] soceri sui res publicas gessit, donec ille anno [[408]]. Ab inimicis imperatore non invito e medio sublatus est. Anno [[402]], sedem suam ad [[Mediolanum]] [[Ravenna]]m transtulit, quae urbs, [[palus|paludibus]] cincta, facilius defendi potuit. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Honorius|Honorium}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] et [[Flavius Bauto]]| annus= 386<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Euodius|Flavio Euodio]]| successores=[[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] III et [[Eutropius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] III et [[Flavius Abundantius]]; [[Eugenius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Eugenius Augustus]] | annus= 394<br />cum<br />[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesare Flavio Arcadio Augusto]] III| successores=[[Flavius Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius]] et [[Flavius Anicius Probinus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius]] et [[Flavius Anicius Probinus]]| annus= 396<br />cum<br />[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesare Flavio Arcadio Augusto]] IV| successores=[[Flavius Caesarius]] et [[Nonius Atticus]] }} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Caesarius]] et [[Nonius Atticus]] | annus= 398<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Eutychianus|Flavio Eutychiano]]| successores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]| annus= 402<br />cum<br />[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesare Flavio Arcadio Augusto]] V| successores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] et [[Flavius Rumoridus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] et [[Flavius Rumoridus]]| annus= 404<br />cum<br />[[Aristaenetus|Aristaeneto]]| successores=[[Flavius Anthemius]] et [[Flavius Stilicho]] II}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]| annus= 407<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] III| successores=[[Anicius Auchenius Bassus (consul 408)|Anicius Auchenius Bassus]] et [[Flavius Philippus (consul 408)|Flavius Philippus]] }} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Anicius Auchenius Bassus (consul 408)|Anicius Auchenius Bassus]] et [[Flavius Philippus (consul 408)|Flavius Philippus]] | annus= 409<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] III ; [[Constantinus III (imperator Romanus occidentalis)|Imp. Caesare Flavio Claudio Constantino Augusto]]| successores=[[Varanes]] et [[Tertullus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] IV ''(sine collega)''| annus= 412<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] V| successores=[[Heraclianus]] et [[Flavius Lucius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Constantius III|Flavius Constantius]] et [[Flavius Constans]] | annus= 415<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] VI| successores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] VII et [[Flavius Iunius Quartus Palladius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] VII et [[Flavius Iunius Quartus Palladius]]| annus= 417<br />cum<br />[[Constantius III|Flavio Constantio]] II| successores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] XII et [[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] VIII}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] XI et [[Constantius III|Flavius Constantius]] II| annus= 418<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] VIII| successores=[[Flavius Monaxius]] et [[Flavius Plinta]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Agricola (consul 421)|Flavius Agricola]] et [[Flavius Eustathius]]| annus= 422<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] X| successores=[[Flavius Avitus Marinianus]] et [[Flavius Asclepiodotus]] }} {{Imperatores Romani}} {{Lifetime|384|423|Honorius}} [[Categoria:Imperatores Romani]] [[Categoria:Theodosius I]] ghu37losvy7yk3csff54r0czm4dzwko 3967311 3967310 2026-06-29T16:34:08Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3967311 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:John William Waterhouse - The Favorites of the Emperor Honorius - 1883.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Honorius (imperator)|Honorius]] [[imperator]] [[imperium Romanum|Romanus]] [[columbidae|columbidas]] delicias curabat. [[Pictura]] ab [[Ioannes Gulielmus Waterhouse|Ioanne Gulielmo Waterhouse]] anno [[1883]] picta.]] '''Flavius Honorius''' (natus [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] [[9 Septembris]] [[384]]; obiit [[Ravenna]]e [[15 Augusti]] [[423]]), fuit [[filius]] [[Theodosius I|Theodosii]], primi eius nominis Augusti, et [[Aelia Flaccilla|Aeliae Flaccillae]], eius primae [[uxor]]is. Ipse autem [[imperator|Augustus]] regnavit in [[Imperium Romanum Occidentale|imperii Romani parte ad occidentem solem vergenti]] ab anno [[395]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]]. == Vita == [[Fasciculus:Honorius - Miliariense - RIC 0369.1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Nummus]] argenteus cum effigie [[imperator]]is Honorii quasi ''Gloriae Romanorum'' concelebrati.]] Honorius [[puer]] undecim annos natus ad summam rerum cum ascendisset, imperii non capax ad nutum [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichonis]] [[magister militum|magistri militum]] soceri sui res publicas gessit, donec ille anno [[408]] necaretur. Ab inimicis enim imperatore non invito e medio sublatus est. Anno [[402]], sedem suam ad [[Mediolanum]] [[Ravenna]]m transtulit, quae urbs, [[palus|paludibus]] cincta, facilius defendi poterat. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Honorius|Honorium}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] et [[Flavius Bauto]]| annus= 386<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Euodius|Flavio Euodio]]| successores=[[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] III et [[Eutropius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] III et [[Flavius Abundantius]]; [[Eugenius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Eugenius Augustus]] | annus= 394<br />cum<br />[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesare Flavio Arcadio Augusto]] III| successores=[[Flavius Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius]] et [[Flavius Anicius Probinus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius]] et [[Flavius Anicius Probinus]]| annus= 396<br />cum<br />[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesare Flavio Arcadio Augusto]] IV| successores=[[Flavius Caesarius]] et [[Nonius Atticus]] }} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Caesarius]] et [[Nonius Atticus]] | annus= 398<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Eutychianus|Flavio Eutychiano]]| successores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]| annus= 402<br />cum<br />[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesare Flavio Arcadio Augusto]] V| successores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] et [[Flavius Rumoridus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] et [[Flavius Rumoridus]]| annus= 404<br />cum<br />[[Aristaenetus|Aristaeneto]]| successores=[[Flavius Anthemius]] et [[Flavius Stilicho]] II}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]| annus= 407<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] III| successores=[[Anicius Auchenius Bassus (consul 408)|Anicius Auchenius Bassus]] et [[Flavius Philippus (consul 408)|Flavius Philippus]] }} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Anicius Auchenius Bassus (consul 408)|Anicius Auchenius Bassus]] et [[Flavius Philippus (consul 408)|Flavius Philippus]] | annus= 409<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] III ; [[Constantinus III (imperator Romanus occidentalis)|Imp. Caesare Flavio Claudio Constantino Augusto]]| successores=[[Varanes]] et [[Tertullus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] IV ''(sine collega)''| annus= 412<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] V| successores=[[Heraclianus]] et [[Flavius Lucius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Constantius III|Flavius Constantius]] et [[Flavius Constans]] | annus= 415<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] VI| successores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] VII et [[Flavius Iunius Quartus Palladius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] VII et [[Flavius Iunius Quartus Palladius]]| annus= 417<br />cum<br />[[Constantius III|Flavio Constantio]] II| successores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] XII et [[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] VIII}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] XI et [[Constantius III|Flavius Constantius]] II| annus= 418<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] VIII| successores=[[Flavius Monaxius]] et [[Flavius Plinta]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Agricola (consul 421)|Flavius Agricola]] et [[Flavius Eustathius]]| annus= 422<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] X| successores=[[Flavius Avitus Marinianus]] et [[Flavius Asclepiodotus]] }} {{Imperatores Romani}} {{Lifetime|384|423|Honorius}} [[Categoria:Imperatores Romani]] [[Categoria:Theodosius I]] hmf91vb73msbeby71wsyar8g6euikl1 3967312 3967311 2026-06-29T16:35:26Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Vita */ 3967312 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:John William Waterhouse - The Favorites of the Emperor Honorius - 1883.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Honorius (imperator)|Honorius]] [[imperator]] [[imperium Romanum|Romanus]] [[columbidae|columbidas]] delicias curabat. [[Pictura]] ab [[Ioannes Gulielmus Waterhouse|Ioanne Gulielmo Waterhouse]] anno [[1883]] picta.]] '''Flavius Honorius''' (natus [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] [[9 Septembris]] [[384]]; obiit [[Ravenna]]e [[15 Augusti]] [[423]]), fuit [[filius]] [[Theodosius I|Theodosii]], primi eius nominis Augusti, et [[Aelia Flaccilla|Aeliae Flaccillae]], eius primae [[uxor]]is. Ipse autem [[imperator|Augustus]] regnavit in [[Imperium Romanum Occidentale|imperii Romani parte ad occidentem solem vergenti]] ab anno [[395]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]]. == Vita == [[Fasciculus:Honorius - Miliariense - RIC 0369.1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Nummus]] argenteus cum effigie [[imperator]]is Honorii quasi ''Gloriae Romanorum'' concelebrati.]] Honorius [[puer]] undecim annos natus ad summam rerum cum ascendisset, imperii non capax ad nutum [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichonis]] [[magister militum|magistri militum]] soceri sui res publicas gessit, donec ille anno [[408]] necaretur. Ab inimicis enim imperatore non invito e medio sublatus est. Anno [[402]], sedem imperialem [[Mediolanum|Mediolano]] [[Ravenna]]m transtulit, quae urbs, [[palus|paludibus]] cincta, facilius defendi poterat. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Honorius|Honorium}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] et [[Flavius Bauto]]| annus= 386<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Euodius|Flavio Euodio]]| successores=[[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] III et [[Eutropius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] III et [[Flavius Abundantius]]; [[Eugenius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Eugenius Augustus]] | annus= 394<br />cum<br />[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesare Flavio Arcadio Augusto]] III| successores=[[Flavius Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius]] et [[Flavius Anicius Probinus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius]] et [[Flavius Anicius Probinus]]| annus= 396<br />cum<br />[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesare Flavio Arcadio Augusto]] IV| successores=[[Flavius Caesarius]] et [[Nonius Atticus]] }} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Caesarius]] et [[Nonius Atticus]] | annus= 398<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Eutychianus|Flavio Eutychiano]]| successores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]| annus= 402<br />cum<br />[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesare Flavio Arcadio Augusto]] V| successores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] et [[Flavius Rumoridus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] et [[Flavius Rumoridus]]| annus= 404<br />cum<br />[[Aristaenetus|Aristaeneto]]| successores=[[Flavius Anthemius]] et [[Flavius Stilicho]] II}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]| annus= 407<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] III| successores=[[Anicius Auchenius Bassus (consul 408)|Anicius Auchenius Bassus]] et [[Flavius Philippus (consul 408)|Flavius Philippus]] }} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Anicius Auchenius Bassus (consul 408)|Anicius Auchenius Bassus]] et [[Flavius Philippus (consul 408)|Flavius Philippus]] | annus= 409<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] III ; [[Constantinus III (imperator Romanus occidentalis)|Imp. Caesare Flavio Claudio Constantino Augusto]]| successores=[[Varanes]] et [[Tertullus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] IV ''(sine collega)''| annus= 412<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] V| successores=[[Heraclianus]] et [[Flavius Lucius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Constantius III|Flavius Constantius]] et [[Flavius Constans]] | annus= 415<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] VI| successores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] VII et [[Flavius Iunius Quartus Palladius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] VII et [[Flavius Iunius Quartus Palladius]]| annus= 417<br />cum<br />[[Constantius III|Flavio Constantio]] II| successores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] XII et [[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] VIII}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] XI et [[Constantius III|Flavius Constantius]] II| annus= 418<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] VIII| successores=[[Flavius Monaxius]] et [[Flavius Plinta]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Agricola (consul 421)|Flavius Agricola]] et [[Flavius Eustathius]]| annus= 422<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] X| successores=[[Flavius Avitus Marinianus]] et [[Flavius Asclepiodotus]] }} {{Imperatores Romani}} {{Lifetime|384|423|Honorius}} [[Categoria:Imperatores Romani]] [[Categoria:Theodosius I]] 4oeoc9dbxxf5x4udyy6yfacnvjman9d 3967313 3967312 2026-06-29T16:35:49Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3967313 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:John William Waterhouse - The Favorites of the Emperor Honorius - 1883.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Honorius (imperator)|Honorius]] [[imperator]] [[imperium Romanum|Romanus]] [[columbidae|columbidas]] delicias curabat. [[Pictura]] ab [[Ioannes Gulielmus Waterhouse|Ioanne Gulielmo Waterhouse]] anno [[1883]] picta.]] '''Flavius Honorius''' (natus [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] [[9 Septembris]] [[384]]; obiit [[Ravenna]]e [[15 Augusti]] [[423]]), fuit [[filius]] [[Theodosius I|Theodosii]], primi eius nominis Augusti, et [[Aelia Flaccilla|Aeliae Flaccillae]], eius primae [[uxor]]is. Ipse autem [[imperator|Augustus]] regnavit in [[Imperium Romanum Occidentale|imperii Romani parte ad occidentem solem vergenti]] ab anno [[395]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]]. == Vita == [[Fasciculus:Honorius - Miliariense - RIC 0369.1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Nummus]] argenteus cum effigie [[imperator]]is Honorii quasi ''Gloriae Romanorum'' concelebrati.]] Honorius [[puer]] undecim annos natus ad summam rerum cum ascendisset, imperii non capax ad nutum [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichonis]] [[magister militum|magistri militum]] soceri sui res publicas gessit, donec ille anno [[408]] necaretur. Ab inimicis enim imperatore non invito e medio sublatus est. Anno [[402]] sedem imperialem [[Mediolanum|Mediolano]] [[Ravenna]]m transtulit, quae urbs, [[palus|paludibus]] cincta, facilius defendi poterat. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Honorius|Honorium}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] et [[Flavius Bauto]]| annus= 386<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Euodius|Flavio Euodio]]| successores=[[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] III et [[Eutropius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] III et [[Flavius Abundantius]]; [[Eugenius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Eugenius Augustus]] | annus= 394<br />cum<br />[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesare Flavio Arcadio Augusto]] III| successores=[[Flavius Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius]] et [[Flavius Anicius Probinus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius]] et [[Flavius Anicius Probinus]]| annus= 396<br />cum<br />[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesare Flavio Arcadio Augusto]] IV| successores=[[Flavius Caesarius]] et [[Nonius Atticus]] }} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Caesarius]] et [[Nonius Atticus]] | annus= 398<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Eutychianus|Flavio Eutychiano]]| successores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]| annus= 402<br />cum<br />[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesare Flavio Arcadio Augusto]] V| successores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] et [[Flavius Rumoridus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] et [[Flavius Rumoridus]]| annus= 404<br />cum<br />[[Aristaenetus|Aristaeneto]]| successores=[[Flavius Anthemius]] et [[Flavius Stilicho]] II}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]| annus= 407<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] III| successores=[[Anicius Auchenius Bassus (consul 408)|Anicius Auchenius Bassus]] et [[Flavius Philippus (consul 408)|Flavius Philippus]] }} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Anicius Auchenius Bassus (consul 408)|Anicius Auchenius Bassus]] et [[Flavius Philippus (consul 408)|Flavius Philippus]] | annus= 409<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] III ; [[Constantinus III (imperator Romanus occidentalis)|Imp. Caesare Flavio Claudio Constantino Augusto]]| successores=[[Varanes]] et [[Tertullus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] IV ''(sine collega)''| annus= 412<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] V| successores=[[Heraclianus]] et [[Flavius Lucius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Constantius III|Flavius Constantius]] et [[Flavius Constans]] | annus= 415<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] VI| successores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] VII et [[Flavius Iunius Quartus Palladius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] VII et [[Flavius Iunius Quartus Palladius]]| annus= 417<br />cum<br />[[Constantius III|Flavio Constantio]] II| successores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] XII et [[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] VIII}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] XI et [[Constantius III|Flavius Constantius]] II| annus= 418<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] VIII| successores=[[Flavius Monaxius]] et [[Flavius Plinta]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Agricola (consul 421)|Flavius Agricola]] et [[Flavius Eustathius]]| annus= 422<br />cum<br />[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesare Flavio Theodosio Augusto]] X| successores=[[Flavius Avitus Marinianus]] et [[Flavius Asclepiodotus]] }} {{Imperatores Romani}} {{Lifetime|384|423|Honorius}} [[Categoria:Imperatores Romani]] [[Categoria:Theodosius I]] smly4nlrfmswkc4qg6v3twefb2qbnur 0 33172 3967315 3966872 2026-06-29T16:40:03Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Vita */ 3967315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa principis Vicidata}} '''Flavius Theodosius''' ([[Cauca]]e apud [[Segovia]]m natus die [[11 Ianuarii]] [[347]] – obiit in [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] die [[17 Ianuarii]] [[395]]), qui dicitur etiam ''Theodosius Magnus'', fuit [[imperator]], ultimus totius [[Imperium Romanum|Imperii Romani]] ab anno [[379]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]]. Edicta eius [[Christianismus|Christianismum]] solam religionem legitimam effecerunt et [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiam Catholicam]] plene comprobaverunt. Postea imperium inter liberos eius [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorium]] et [[Arcadius|Arcadium]] divisum est. == Vita == Theodosius natus est die 11 Ianuarii 347 [[Cauca]]e aut [[Italica]]e, [[Hispania]] magistratui militario [[Comes Theodosius|Flavio Theodosio]]. Cursum militarem diu egit multo vitae quoniam filius militis fuit. In expeditionem cum patre ad [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britannia]]m rebellionem supponere inter [[Magna Coniuratio|Magnam Coniurationem]]. Dux Moesiae erat in 374. Mox autem deinde pater eius supplicio capitis affectus est et demissus e gradu, rationibus adhuc obscuris. Sed fortasse est propter cladem et exstinctionem duorum legionum sub imperio sua a Sarmatis in sero 374. Hinc recessit ad Hispaniam. Post breve spatium obscuritatis et effugii ab insectatione inter discordia post mortem [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]], mox postea gradus pristinus ei redditus est. Theodosius factus est imperator Orientis post mortem [[Flavius Valens|Valentis]] [[Proelium Hadrianopolitanum|proelio Hadrianopolitano]] in 378 et par imperatoris Occidentis [[Gratianus|Gratiani]]. Gratianus eum promovit propter inopiam successoris Valentis et solus candidatus gentis Romanae. Post mortem [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniani II]] in 392 factus est solus imperator supremus, et institit filios ut successores, [[Arcadius]] in Oriente et [[Honorius]] in Occidente. == Christianismus Institutus est ut sola religio legitima == Multa erunt mutata de re religiosa et statu religionis in Imperio Romano dum Theodosius regnavit. Situs Christianismi, iam fautus et promotus ab imperatoribus abhinc Constantinus, provectus erit ad unam et solam religionem licitam Imperii. Item religiones gentiles et aliae, iam patientes varia edicta et decreta intendiora contra se, proscriptae erunt et illictae declari. Hic denique repugnationem Paganorum provocaverit et discordiam domesticam incitaverit. === Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum (381) === Theodosius in 381, edixit Christianismum, praesertim Christianismum [[Symbolum Nicaenum|Nicaenum]], imponendum per provincias imperii. Cum hoc reliquum subsidii imperatorii [[Religio Romana|Religioni Romanae]] abrogatum est et toleratio publica religionum deleta est. Nicaenus Christianismus solus legitimus factus est a Theodosio et Episcopis [[Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum|Concilio Constaninopolitano Primo]] unde haereses Christianas quoque damnatae sunt et sublatae. === Pugnae cum Paganis === Post edictum augens iracundia apud Paganis erat propter crescentes proscriptiones et insectationem contra eos. In 392, mortuus Valentinianus suspensus est quaestus domo suo. Magister Militum Valentiniani [[Abogastes]], miles Francus et Paganus, affirmavit istum esse suicidium. Plures suspiciones surrectae sunt cum [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenius]] ad imperatorem Occidentis provexit. Mox bellum civile inter Eugenium et Theodosium erupit. Bellum civile ad summam venit [[Proelium Fluminis Frigidi|Proelio Fluminis Frigidi]]. Hic fuit ultimum certamen maior inter Paganos et Christianos. Eventu Pagani devincti sunt et triumphus diuturnus Christianis. Imperium breviter unitum est postremo sub imperatore Christiano Theodosio. === Persecutio contra Paganismum === Christianismus effectus est sola religio legitima a Theosodio in 381. Hic signavit deminutionem et ruinam religionum [[Polytheismus|polytheisticarum]] ut sacrificium et veneratio aliorum deorum proscriptae sunt. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Theodosius I|Theodosium I}} * {{BBKL|t/theodosios_r_k_i|auctor=Josef Rist|commentatio=THEODOSIUS I, römischer Kaiser|tomus=11|columnae=989-994}} * [http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo1.htm De Imperatoribus Romanis, Theodosius I] [[Lingua Anglica|(Anglice)]] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Ausonius|Decimus Magnus Ausonius]] et [[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius]]| annus= 380<br />cum<br />[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesare Flavio Gratiano Augusto]] V| successores=[[Flavius Syagrius]] et [[Flavius Eucherius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] III et [[Eutropius]]| annus= 388<br />cum<br />[[Maternus Cynegius|Materno Cynegio]]| successores=[[Flavius Timasius]] et [[Flavius Promotus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]| annus= 393<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Abundantius|Flavio Abundantio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] III et [[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] II }} {{Imperatores Romani}} {{Imperatores Constantinopolitani}} [[Categoria:Imperatores Romani]] [[Categoria:Nati 347]] [[Categoria:Mortui 395]] [[Categoria:Theodosius I|!]] [[Categoria:Arcadius (imperator)]] {{Myrias|Homines}} ol3bilyojmsz5scxbja9yda8wpm179m 3967316 3967315 2026-06-29T16:42:33Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Vita */ 3967316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa principis Vicidata}} '''Flavius Theodosius''' ([[Cauca]]e apud [[Segovia]]m natus die [[11 Ianuarii]] [[347]] – obiit in [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] die [[17 Ianuarii]] [[395]]), qui dicitur etiam ''Theodosius Magnus'', fuit [[imperator]], ultimus totius [[Imperium Romanum|Imperii Romani]] ab anno [[379]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]]. Edicta eius [[Christianismus|Christianismum]] solam religionem legitimam effecerunt et [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiam Catholicam]] plene comprobaverunt. Postea imperium inter liberos eius [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorium]] et [[Arcadius|Arcadium]] divisum est. == Vita == Theodosius natus est die 11 Ianuarii 347 [[Cauca]]e aut [[Italica]]e, [[Hispania]] magistratui militario [[Comes Theodosius|Flavio Theodosio]]. Cursum militarem diu egit multo vitae quoniam filius militis fuit. In expeditionem cum patre ad [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britannia]]m rebellionem supponere inter [[Magna Coniuratio|Magnam Coniurationem]]. Dux Moesiae erat in 374. Mox autem deinde pater eius supplicio capitis affectus est et demissus e gradu, rationibus adhuc obscuris. Sed fortasse est propter cladem et exstinctionem duorum legionum sub imperio suo a [[Sarmatae|Sarmatis]] in sero 374. Hinc recessit ad Hispaniam. Post breve spatium obscuritatis et effugii ab insectatione inter discordia post mortem [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]], mox postea gradus pristinus ei redditus est. Theodosius factus est imperator Orientis post mortem [[Flavius Valens|Valentis]] [[Proelium Hadrianopolitanum|proelio Hadrianopolitano]] in 378 et par imperatoris Occidentis [[Gratianus|Gratiani]]. Gratianus eum promovit propter inopiam successoris Valentis et solus candidatus gentis Romanae. Post mortem [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniani II]] in 392 factus est solus imperator supremus, et institit filios ut successores, [[Arcadius]] in Oriente et [[Honorius]] in Occidente. == Christianismus Institutus est ut sola religio legitima == Multa erunt mutata de re religiosa et statu religionis in Imperio Romano dum Theodosius regnavit. Situs Christianismi, iam fautus et promotus ab imperatoribus abhinc Constantinus, provectus erit ad unam et solam religionem licitam Imperii. Item religiones gentiles et aliae, iam patientes varia edicta et decreta intendiora contra se, proscriptae erunt et illictae declari. Hic denique repugnationem Paganorum provocaverit et discordiam domesticam incitaverit. === Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum (381) === Theodosius in 381, edixit Christianismum, praesertim Christianismum [[Symbolum Nicaenum|Nicaenum]], imponendum per provincias imperii. Cum hoc reliquum subsidii imperatorii [[Religio Romana|Religioni Romanae]] abrogatum est et toleratio publica religionum deleta est. Nicaenus Christianismus solus legitimus factus est a Theodosio et Episcopis [[Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum|Concilio Constaninopolitano Primo]] unde haereses Christianas quoque damnatae sunt et sublatae. === Pugnae cum Paganis === Post edictum augens iracundia apud Paganis erat propter crescentes proscriptiones et insectationem contra eos. In 392, mortuus Valentinianus suspensus est quaestus domo suo. Magister Militum Valentiniani [[Abogastes]], miles Francus et Paganus, affirmavit istum esse suicidium. Plures suspiciones surrectae sunt cum [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenius]] ad imperatorem Occidentis provexit. Mox bellum civile inter Eugenium et Theodosium erupit. Bellum civile ad summam venit [[Proelium Fluminis Frigidi|Proelio Fluminis Frigidi]]. Hic fuit ultimum certamen maior inter Paganos et Christianos. Eventu Pagani devincti sunt et triumphus diuturnus Christianis. Imperium breviter unitum est postremo sub imperatore Christiano Theodosio. === Persecutio contra Paganismum === Christianismus effectus est sola religio legitima a Theosodio in 381. Hic signavit deminutionem et ruinam religionum [[Polytheismus|polytheisticarum]] ut sacrificium et veneratio aliorum deorum proscriptae sunt. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Theodosius I|Theodosium I}} * {{BBKL|t/theodosios_r_k_i|auctor=Josef Rist|commentatio=THEODOSIUS I, römischer Kaiser|tomus=11|columnae=989-994}} * [http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo1.htm De Imperatoribus Romanis, Theodosius I] [[Lingua Anglica|(Anglice)]] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Ausonius|Decimus Magnus Ausonius]] et [[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius]]| annus= 380<br />cum<br />[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesare Flavio Gratiano Augusto]] V| successores=[[Flavius Syagrius]] et [[Flavius Eucherius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] III et [[Eutropius]]| annus= 388<br />cum<br />[[Maternus Cynegius|Materno Cynegio]]| successores=[[Flavius Timasius]] et [[Flavius Promotus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]| annus= 393<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Abundantius|Flavio Abundantio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] III et [[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] II }} {{Imperatores Romani}} {{Imperatores Constantinopolitani}} [[Categoria:Imperatores Romani]] [[Categoria:Nati 347]] [[Categoria:Mortui 395]] [[Categoria:Theodosius I|!]] [[Categoria:Arcadius (imperator)]] {{Myrias|Homines}} hje71kvj5tbkjsfqsfy15h9wc8df3cw 3967317 3967316 2026-06-29T16:43:03Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Vita */ 3967317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa principis Vicidata}} '''Flavius Theodosius''' ([[Cauca]]e apud [[Segovia]]m natus die [[11 Ianuarii]] [[347]] – obiit in [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] die [[17 Ianuarii]] [[395]]), qui dicitur etiam ''Theodosius Magnus'', fuit [[imperator]], ultimus totius [[Imperium Romanum|Imperii Romani]] ab anno [[379]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]]. Edicta eius [[Christianismus|Christianismum]] solam religionem legitimam effecerunt et [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiam Catholicam]] plene comprobaverunt. Postea imperium inter liberos eius [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorium]] et [[Arcadius|Arcadium]] divisum est. == Vita == Theodosius natus est die 11 Ianuarii 347 [[Cauca]]e aut [[Italica]]e, [[Hispania]] magistratui militario [[Comes Theodosius|Flavio Theodosio]]. Cursum militarem diu egit multo vitae quoniam filius militis fuit. In expeditionem cum patre ad [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britannia]]m rebellionem supponere inter [[Magna Coniuratio|Magnam Coniurationem]]. Dux Moesiae erat in 374. Mox autem deinde pater eius supplicio capitis affectus est et demissus e gradu, rationibus adhuc obscuris. Sed fortasse est propter cladem et exstinctionem duarum legionum sub imperio suo a [[Sarmatae|Sarmatis]] in sero 374. Hinc recessit ad Hispaniam. Post breve spatium obscuritatis et effugii ab insectatione inter discordia post mortem [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]], mox postea gradus pristinus ei redditus est. Theodosius factus est imperator Orientis post mortem [[Flavius Valens|Valentis]] [[Proelium Hadrianopolitanum|proelio Hadrianopolitano]] in 378 et par imperatoris Occidentis [[Gratianus|Gratiani]]. Gratianus eum promovit propter inopiam successoris Valentis et solus candidatus gentis Romanae. Post mortem [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniani II]] in 392 factus est solus imperator supremus, et institit filios ut successores, [[Arcadius]] in Oriente et [[Honorius]] in Occidente. == Christianismus Institutus est ut sola religio legitima == Multa erunt mutata de re religiosa et statu religionis in Imperio Romano dum Theodosius regnavit. Situs Christianismi, iam fautus et promotus ab imperatoribus abhinc Constantinus, provectus erit ad unam et solam religionem licitam Imperii. Item religiones gentiles et aliae, iam patientes varia edicta et decreta intendiora contra se, proscriptae erunt et illictae declari. Hic denique repugnationem Paganorum provocaverit et discordiam domesticam incitaverit. === Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum (381) === Theodosius in 381, edixit Christianismum, praesertim Christianismum [[Symbolum Nicaenum|Nicaenum]], imponendum per provincias imperii. Cum hoc reliquum subsidii imperatorii [[Religio Romana|Religioni Romanae]] abrogatum est et toleratio publica religionum deleta est. Nicaenus Christianismus solus legitimus factus est a Theodosio et Episcopis [[Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum|Concilio Constaninopolitano Primo]] unde haereses Christianas quoque damnatae sunt et sublatae. === Pugnae cum Paganis === Post edictum augens iracundia apud Paganis erat propter crescentes proscriptiones et insectationem contra eos. In 392, mortuus Valentinianus suspensus est quaestus domo suo. Magister Militum Valentiniani [[Abogastes]], miles Francus et Paganus, affirmavit istum esse suicidium. Plures suspiciones surrectae sunt cum [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenius]] ad imperatorem Occidentis provexit. Mox bellum civile inter Eugenium et Theodosium erupit. Bellum civile ad summam venit [[Proelium Fluminis Frigidi|Proelio Fluminis Frigidi]]. Hic fuit ultimum certamen maior inter Paganos et Christianos. Eventu Pagani devincti sunt et triumphus diuturnus Christianis. Imperium breviter unitum est postremo sub imperatore Christiano Theodosio. === Persecutio contra Paganismum === Christianismus effectus est sola religio legitima a Theosodio in 381. Hic signavit deminutionem et ruinam religionum [[Polytheismus|polytheisticarum]] ut sacrificium et veneratio aliorum deorum proscriptae sunt. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Theodosius I|Theodosium I}} * {{BBKL|t/theodosios_r_k_i|auctor=Josef Rist|commentatio=THEODOSIUS I, römischer Kaiser|tomus=11|columnae=989-994}} * [http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo1.htm De Imperatoribus Romanis, Theodosius I] [[Lingua Anglica|(Anglice)]] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Ausonius|Decimus Magnus Ausonius]] et [[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius]]| annus= 380<br />cum<br />[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesare Flavio Gratiano Augusto]] V| successores=[[Flavius Syagrius]] et [[Flavius Eucherius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] III et [[Eutropius]]| annus= 388<br />cum<br />[[Maternus Cynegius|Materno Cynegio]]| successores=[[Flavius Timasius]] et [[Flavius Promotus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]| annus= 393<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Abundantius|Flavio Abundantio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] III et [[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] II }} {{Imperatores Romani}} {{Imperatores Constantinopolitani}} [[Categoria:Imperatores Romani]] [[Categoria:Nati 347]] [[Categoria:Mortui 395]] [[Categoria:Theodosius I|!]] [[Categoria:Arcadius (imperator)]] {{Myrias|Homines}} pu4knu3dupfbmrfhwslnx02ahkk8ry3 0 33478 3967314 2416877 2026-06-29T16:38:29Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Vita */ 3967314 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:Siliqua Eugenius- trier RIC 0106d.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Siliqua]] Eugenii]] '''Flavius Eugenius''' (natus die ignoto - necatus est die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]] apud [[rivus|rivum]] [[Frigidus|Frigidum]], hodie ''Hubelj'' ) fuit ab anno [[392]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]] [[usurpator]] contra [[imperator]]em [[Imperium Romanum|Romanum]] [[Theodosius I|Theodosium I]]. == Vita == Eugenius [[magister]] [[grammatica]]e ac [[rhetorica]]e et magister scriniorum ante purpuram vestitam fuerat. == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Eugenius}} * [http://www.roman-emperors.org/eugene.htm De Eugenio] in "''De Imperatoribus Romanis''" (pagina [[Anglice]] scripta a Walter E. Roberts) {{bio-stipula}} {{Imperatores Romani}} [[Categoria:Imperatores Romani]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Theodosius I]] 0kwplefh3igquw3tdgp8jhkrbahodsw 0 41444 3967299 3967170 2026-06-29T14:15:48Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De familia */ 3967299 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Commune pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est. Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit. == De familia == Filius ei [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] fuit et filia Galla nomine quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans. == Editiones == *[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi) ** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum) == Plura legere si cupis == * Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]", ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 * Ernestus Theodorus Schulze, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884 '''LATINE''' {{NexInt}} * [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]] == Nexus externi == *[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem] * [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus) * [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi] * [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) * {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]| annus= 391<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}} [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]] mun3abv3ek84qu0xs0dyflmkodn5f82 0 45275 3967343 3845659 2026-06-30T11:53:53Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ (10K) 3967343 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Hsiung-nu-Empire-max.png|right|thumb|Imperium Hsiungnuum (a saeculo III a.C.n. ad saeculum III p.C.n.).]] '''Xiongnu''' (indecl.; [[Sinice]] 匈奴), sive '''Hunni Asiatici,''' fuerunt vagae [[gens|gentes]] ex [[Asia Centralis|media Asia]] vel [[Sinae|Sinis]] [[septentrio|septentrionalibus]] exorientes, ut videntur [[Hunni]], contra quos [[imperium|imperia]] Sinensia [[bellum]] multos annos gessit, et contra quos [[Murus Sinicus|murum Sinicum]] aedificaverunt. == Origo == Antiquissimam Xiongnu patriam generaliter in regionem [[Ordos]]ianam{{dubsig}} imponunt. Xiongnu praecipue cum gentibus [[Turci]]cis posterioribus coniungunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080218111135/http://www.allempires.com/article/index.php?q=The_Gok_Turk_Empire Imperium Gocturcicum].</ref> Secundum historicum Sinensem [[Cienus|Cieni]], Xiongnu progenies fuit [[Chunweium]],{{dubsig}} unus filiorum extremi regis domus Hsiae [[Zies|Ziis]].{{dubsig}} Exsistentia [[dynastia Hsiae|dynastiae Hsiae]]{{dubsig}} non plene certa, sed indicia sua (velut pagi ex aetate dynastiae) adsunt.<ref>Borbála Obrusánszky: Hunni praeter Viam Negotii Sericarium, schola, 2007.</ref><ref>Cienus, ''Hunnorum antiquissima historia,'' p. 17.</ref> == Historia == Xiongnu a [[saeculum 4 a.C.n.|saeculo quarto a.C.n.]] fontibus Sinensibus reperiuntur.<ref>Borbála Obrusánszky, ''Hunnorum historia humani cultus civilisque,'' p. 18.</ref> E fontibus Sinensibus, scimus vim armorum Hsiung-nu [[saeculum 3 a.C.n.|saeculo tertio a.C.n.]] mire accrevisse. == Lingua == Lingua Xiongnu una quaestionum maxime dubiarum historiae et de hac re inter [[linguista|glottologos]] controversia est. == Notae == <references/> {{hist-stipula}} [[Categoria:Gentes Asiae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Turci]] {{Myrias|Historia}} 1au4r1xkwe2ss7g8180vyizym1zm4ds 0 69929 3967341 3959495 2026-06-30T11:40:30Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ (1K) 3967341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Sima Qian (painted portrait).jpg|thumb|Cienus.]] [[Fasciculus:Shiji.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Prima ''Shiji'' pagina.]] '''Cienus'''<ref>[[Martinus Martinius|Martini Martinii]], ''[[Historia Sinarum|Sinicae historiae]] decas prima: res a gentis origine ad Christum natum in extrema [[Asia]], sive magno Sinarum imperio gestas complexa'' (1658 aut 1659: 322): "Sub haec Cienus summus tribunorum militarium praefectus Lai amicus, documentum dedit quam periculosum iratos Principes alloqui. . . . Haec loquentem Imperator iratus duci in carcerem iubet multarique poena, quam Fuhing appellant, abscissis illis corporis partibus, quas natura velavit."</ref> ([[character Sinicus|litteris Sinensibus]] 司馬遷, [[Sinice]] ''Sīmǎ Qiān''; natus anno fere [[145 a.C.n.|145]] sive [[135 a.C.n.]]; mortuus anno [[86 a.C.n.]]), sive '''Tai Su Cum''',<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=BerpG7rz0_YC&lr=&as_brr=1&pg=RA4-PR3#v=onepage&q&f=false Confucius Sinarum philosophus],'' p. 36.</ref><ref>''[[iarchive:bim_eighteenth-century_the-morals-of-confucius-_confucius_1706/page/n17/mode/2up|The Morals of Confucius a Chinese Philosopher]],'' p. 2: "The Chinese that have interpreted these annals make no difficulty to avow, that whatever is writ concerning China before the reign of this emperor is fabulous and suspicious: and one of their most renown'd historians, named ''Taisucum.''"</ref> [[cognomentum Sinicum|cognomento]] 子長 '''Zǐcháng''', [[aulicus]], [[magnus chronographus]] (太史公, Tàishǐgōng), iuxta [[imperator]]em Sinensem [[Siganum|Sigani]] in [[urbs|urbe]] meruit. ''[[史記|Shiji]],'' eius [[liber]] [[historia|historicus]], iam a [[Sima Tan]] [[pater|patre]] coeptus erat, qui eodem officio functus est. Structura autem amplitudoque huius operis laudatissimi filio adscribuntur. == Vita == De origine et vita Cieni fere [[nihil]] scitur, nisi quod ipse ultimo historiae suae capitulo adiunxit, additis commentationibus et documentis paucis a successore [[Ban Gu]] collectis: hic enim omnes has res in historia sua ''[[前漢書|Qian Han shu]]'' anno circiter [[80]] recensuit. Cienus filius fuit [[Sima Tan]], qui [[Siganum|Sigani]] in urbe [[magnus chronographus]] (太史令) meruit iuxta domum regnantem [[domus Han|Han]]. Ille stirps fuit familiae aulicorum cuius origo ad [[saeculum 8 a.C.n.]] derivatur: aulici fuerunt domorum [[Zhou (familia)|Zhou]], [[Jin (domus)|Jin]], [[Qin (domus)|Qin]], et Han, sed ipse primus omnium proavorum, [[discipulus]] [[astronomus|astronomorum]] necnon [[philosophus|philosophorum]] [[Confucianismus|Confucianorum]] huic officio [[chronographia|chronographico]] (et praesertim [[astrologia|astrologico]]) anno circiter [[140 a.C.n.]] accedit et annos fere triginta tenuit. Patre non iam ad munus chronographicum promoto, Cienus natus est ad [[Hejin (Hancheng)|Longmen]], [[oppidum]] prope [[Hancheng]] urbem provinciae hodiernae [[Xensia]]e [[Serica (regio)|Sinarum]]. Tempore [[iuventus|iuventutis]] in [[mons|montibus]] supra [[flumen Flavum]] eminentibus se [[ovis|oves]] pascuisse studiaque perfecisse confitetur. [[Discipulus]] fuerit [[Confucianismus|Confucianistarum]] [[Kong Anguo]] (cuius opus ''[[尚書孔氏傳|Shangshu Kongshi Zhuan]]'' hodie deperditum perlegit) et [[Dong Zhongshu]] (scholiastae annalium "verum et autumnorum" ''[[春秋|Chūnqiū]]''). Etiam iuvenis in provincias Sinarum peregrinationem perfecit quam his fere verbis describit: :Ad [[meridies|meridiem]] versus ad flumina [[Flumen Caeruleum|Caeruleum]] et [[Flumen Huai|Huai]] pervenit, cavernam regis [[Yu (rex)|Yu]] petens montem [[Mons Xianglu|Kuaiji]] conscendit, montes [[Montes Jiuyi|novem]] perspexit (ubi traditur regem [[Shun (rex)|Shun]] [[sepultua|sepultum esse]]), via aquosa ad [[Yun (districtus)|Yun]] et [[Hunan|Xiang]] pergit, ad [[septentrio|boream]] versus fluminibus [[Flumen Wen|Wen]] et [[Flumen Si|Si]] transitis [[traditio]]nes urbium in civitatibus [[Qi (civitas)|Qi]] et [[Lu (civitas)|Lu]] investigavit, [[ritus]] a magistro [[Confucius|Kong]] (Confucio) traditos observavit, in certamine [[sagittarius|sagittario]] [[Mons Yi|montis Yi]] regionis [[Cou]] contendit, [[dolor]]es in Po, [[Xie (civitas)|Xie]], [[Xuzhou|Pengcheng]] passus est, per [[Liang (civitas)|Liang]] et [[Chu (civitas)|Chu]] domum rediit.<!-- Wen? Po? --> Sicut pater in aulam imperatoriam receptus (imperante [[Wu (imperator Han)|Wu]]), in expeditione militari ad [[regio]]nem [[Yunnan]] conquirendam profectus, inde cito regressus est patremque aegrotantem et mox moriturum repperit. Qui librum historicum, annalium verum et autumnorum continuationem, susceperat filiumque ad hoc opus perficiendum suasit. Cienus igitur anno [[109 a.C.n.]] laborare coepit. Patre mortuo, luctu post tres annos deposito, anno [[105 a.C.n.|105]] officium magni chronographi consiliariique ipse suscepit. Cum aliis eruditis ad calendarium reformandum delegatus erat quod die [[25 Decembris]] [[105 a.C.n.]] rite inauguratum est.<ref>[[Burton Watson]], ''Ssu-ma Chʻien, grand historian of China'' (Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 1958) [https://archive.org/stream/ssumachiengrandh012602mbp#page/n221/mode/2up pp. 209-210 nota 60].</ref> [[Li Ling]] et [[Li Guangli]], ducibus in partibus septentrionalibus anno fere [[99 a.C.n.]] contra [[Hunni|Hunnos]] ([[Xiongnu]]) malo successu pugnantibus et mox captis, Cienus ministrorum aulicorumque solus pro Li Ling oravit palam imperatori, qui valde iratus aulicum suum ad [[supplicium]] ultimum damnavit. Eo supplicio in [[castratio]]nem permutabili, Cienus talem mutilationem sibi reclamavit ut opus patris historicum usque ad finem conduxerit. In [[carcer]]e tres annos inclusus, anno [[96 a.C.n.|96]] liberatus, deinde inter [[eunuchus|eunuchos]] aulicos vivebat.<ref>Principalis huius vitae fons est "supplementum [[autobiographia|autobiographicum]]" capituli 130 operis ''[[史記|Shiji]]'' ([https://archive.org/stream/ssumachiengrandh012602mbp#page/n55/mode/2up versio Anglica]).</ref> == Opus == {{Vide-etiam|史記}} Opus igitur historicum, quod nomine [[史記]] (''Shiji'') cognoscimus, scilicet "opus chronographicum", iussu patris et ad annales anteriores continuandas scribere coepit, sed novo modo, [[biographia|biographiis]] multis tam principum quam aliorum comprehensis. Ita creavit universalis [[Sinae (regio)|Sinarum]] historia, quae res gestas per duo milia annorum et quingentos ab [[Huang (imperator Sinarum)|Huang]] ad [[Wu (imperator domus Han)|Wu]], [[auctor]]is coaevum, enarrat. Modum quem primus invenit posteriores ''[[纪传体|jizhuanti]]'' appellant. ''Shiji'' est opus classicum et [[Historiae Sinarum dynasticae|historiographiae Sinicae dynasticae]] fundamentum, a successoribus imitatum, quorum proximus fuit [[Ban Gu]], operis ''[[前漢書|Han shu]]'' auctor. {{NexInt}} * [[12620 Simaqian]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == {{Vide-etiam|Opus chronographicum#Bibliographia}} * Beasley, W. G.; [[E. G. Pulleyblank|Pulleyblank, E. G.]]. [[1961]]. ''Historians of China and Japan.'' Londinii: Oxford University Press. {{Ling|Anglice}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160321104903/https://www.questia.com/library/96362736/historians-of-china-and-japan Questia] * Bonnaud, Robert. [[2007]]. ''Victoires sur le temps: essais comparatistes; Polybe le Grec et Sima Qian le Chinois.'' Condeixa-a-Nova: La Ligne d'ombre. {{Ling|Francogallice}} * [[Eduardus Chavannes|Chavannes, Édouard]]. [[1895]]. "[[:fr:s:Mémoires historiques/Introduction/Chapitre 1/Se-ma Tsien|Vie de Se-ma Tsien]]." In Chavannes, É., interpr.: ''Se-ma Ts’ien: Mémoires historiques.'' Vol. 1. Lutetiae. {{Ling|Francogallice}} * Durrant, Stephen W. [[1995]]. ''The Cloudy Mirror: Tension and Conflict in the Writings of Sima Qian.'' Albany: State University of New York Press. {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Google Books|v-v6UhTMJRIC|Paginae selectae}} * Hardy, Grant Ricardo. [[1999]]. ''Worlds of Bronze and Bamboo: Sima Qian's Conquest of History''. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press. {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Google Books|BeVS1n4iTmcC|Paginae selectae}} * Knechtges, David R. [[2008]]. ""Key Words," Authorial Intent, and Interpretation: Sima Qian's Letter to Ren An". ''Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews''. 30: 75-84. {{Ling|Anglice}} [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3109448 JSTOR] * Конрад, Н. И. [[1965]]. "Полибий и Сыма Цянь". ''Вестник древней истории''. 1965/4: 3-25. {{Ling|Russice}} * — (versio Anglica). [[1967]]. "Polybius and Ssu-ma Ch’ien". ''Soviet Sociology''. 5.4: 37-58 * Кроль, Ю. Л. 1970. ''Сыма Цянь—историк''. Moscuae: Nauka. {{Ling|Russice}} * Martin, Thomas R. [[2009]]. "La natura “frammentaria” delle storie di Erodoto e di Sima Qian". In ''Tradizione e trasmissione degli storici greci frammentari''. Edizioni TORED. 695-729. {{Ling|Italice}} * Martin, Thomas R. [[2010]]. ''Herodotus and Sima Qian: the first great historians of Greece and China: a brief history with documents''. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, Bedford/St Martin's. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Mutschler, Fritz-Heiner. [[2006]]. "Tacitus und Sima Qian. Eine Annäherung". ''Philologus'' 150: 115-135 {{Ling|Theodisce}} * Mutschler, Fritz-Heiner. [[2007]]. "Sima Qian and his western colleagues: on possible categories of description". ''History and Theory'' 46: 194-200. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Mutschler, Fritz-Heiner. [[2007]]. "Tacitus und Sima Qian: Persönliche Erfahrung und historiographische Perspektive". ''Philologus'' 151: 127-152. {{Ling|Theodisce}} * Mutschler, Fritz-Heiner. [[2008]]. "Tacite (et Tite-Live) et Sima Qian: la vision politique d’historiens latins et chinois". ''Bulletin de l’Association Guillaume Budé'' 2008/2: 123-155. {{Ling|Francogallice}} * Померанцева, Л. Е. [[1979]]. ''Апология Сыма Цяня: письмо Сыма Цяню к Жэнь Аню''. Moscuae, 1979. {{Ling|Russice}} * Stuurman, Siep. [[2008]]. "Herodotus and Sima Qian: History and the Anthropological Turn in Ancient Greece and Han China". ''Journal of World History''. 19: 1-40. {{Ling|Anglice}} [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jwh/summary/v019/19.1.stuurman.html MUSE] * [[Burton Watson|Watson, Burton]]. 1958. ''Ssu-ma Chʻien, grand historian of China''. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press. {{Ling|Anglice}} [https://archive.org/details/ssumachiengrandh012602mbp Textus apud archive.org]. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sima Qian}Cienum}} {{Vicifons|zh:Author:司馬遷}} {{Vicicitatio|zh:司馬遷}} * [http://archive.org/stream/ssumachiengrandh012602mbp#page/n53/mode/2up Vita Sima Qian a se scripta, documentis aliis adiunctis] a Burton Watson versa. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Walter Scheidel, "[http://www.stanford.edu/~scheidel/acme.htm The Stanford Ancient Chinese and Mediterranean Empires Comparative History Project]." {{Ling|Anglice}} * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20041014190649/http://english.ccnt.com.cn/?catog=literature&file=040201&ads=service_001 Sima Qian and Records of the Historian]" apud ''China Culture Information.'' {{Ling|Anglice}} [[Categoria:Nati 145 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Mortui 86 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Astrologi]] [[Categoria:Auctores Sinici]] [[Categoria:Aulici]] [[Categoria:Autobiographi]] [[Categoria:Castrati]] [[Categoria:Historici Sinarum]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Sinarum]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Homines}} cht200oms5bzpbltfa736mea5j3niam 0 123776 3967330 3966941 2026-06-29T19:01:48Z Pippobuono 54500 nomen latine 3967330 wikitext text/x-wiki Hic est index [[commune|communium]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] praefecturae [[Francia|Francicae]], cui subsunt communia 515 numero. [[Fasciculus:Vosges-Position.png|thumb|Situs praefecturae]] [[Fasciculus: Senones vu du Petit Paris.jpg|thumb|Despectus in ''[[ Senones ]]'']] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88001 | 88270 | [[Les Ableuvenettes]] |- | 88002 | 88500 | [[Ahéville]] |- | 88003 | 88140 | [[Aingeville]] |- | 88004 | 88320 | [[Ainvelle (Vosegus)|Ainvelle]] |- | 88005 | 88110 | [[Allarmont]] |- | 88006 | 88500 | [[Ambacuria]] |- | 88007 | 88410 | [[Ameuvelle]] |- | 88008 | 88700 | [[Anglemont]] |- | 88009 | 88650 | [[Anould]] |- | 88010 | 88170 | [[Aouze]] |- | 88011 | 88380 | [[Arches (Vosegus)|Arches]] |- | 88012 | 88380 | [[Archettes]] |- | 88013 | 88170 | [[Aroffe]] |- | 88014 | 88430 | [[Arrentès-de-Corcieux]] |- | 88015 | 88300 | [[Attignéville]] |- | 88016 | 88260 | [[Attigny (Vosegus)|Attigny]] |- | 88017 | 88300 | [[Aulnois]] |- | 88018 | 88640 | [[Aumontzey]] |- | 88019 | 88300 | [[Autigny-la-Tour]] |- | 88020 | 88300 | [[Autreville (Vosegus)|Autreville]] |- | 88021 | 88700 | [[Autrey (Vosegus)|Autrey]] |- | 88022 | 88140 | [[Auzainvilliers]] |- | 88023 | 88500 | [[Avillers (Vosegus)|Avillers]] |- | 88024 | 88130 | [[Avrainville (Vosegus)|Avrainville]] |- | 88025 | 88630 | [[Avranville]] |- | 88026 | 88600 | [[Aydoilles]] |- | 88027 | 88330 | [[Badménil-aux-Bois]] |- | 88028 | 88460 | [[La Baffe]] |- | 88029 | 88240 | [[Bains-les-Bains]] |- | 88030 | 88270 | [[Bainville-aux-Saules]] |- | 88031 | 88170 | [[Balléville]] |- | 88032 | 88520 | [[Ban-de-Laveline]] |- | 88033 | 88210 | [[Ban-de-Sapt]] |- | 88106 | 88230 | [[Ban-sur-Meurthe-Clefcy]] |- | 88035 | 88640 | [[Barbey-Seroux]] |- | 88036 | 88300 | [[Barville (Vosegus)|Barville]] |- | 88037 | 88120 | [[Basse-sur-le-Rupt]] |- | 88038 | 88130 | [[Battexey]] |- | 88039 | 88500 | [[Baudricourt]] |- | 88040 | 88150 | [[Bayecourt]] |- | 88041 | 88270 | [[Bazegney]] |- | 88042 | 88700 | [[Bazien]] |- | 88043 | 88500 | [[Bazoilles-et-Ménil]] |- | 88044 | 88300 | [[Bazoilles-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88045 | 88300 | [[Beaufremont]] |- | 88046 | 88600 | [[Beauménil]] |- | 88047 | 88270 | [[Begnécourt]] |- | 88048 | 88370 | [[Bellefontaine (Vosegus)|Bellefontaine]] |- | 88049 | 88260 | [[Belmont-lès-Darney]] |- | 88050 | 88600 | [[Belmont-sur-Buttant]] |- | 88051 | 88800 | [[Belmont-sur-Vair]] |- | 88052 | 88260 | [[Belrupt]] |- | 88053 | 88210 | [[Belval (Vosegus)|Belval]] |- | 88054 | 88520 | [[Bertrimoutier]] |- | 88055 | 88450 | [[Bettegney-Saint-Brice]] |- | 88056 | 88500 | [[Bettoncourt]] |- | 88057 | 88490 | [[Le Beulay]] |- | 88058 | 88170 | [[Biécourt]] |- | 88059 | 88430 | [[Biffontaine]] |- | 88060 | 88500 | [[Blémerey (Vosegus)|Blémerey]] |- | 88061 | 88410 | [[Bleurville]] |- | 88062 | 88320 | [[Blevaincourt]] |- | 88063 | 88270 | [[Bocquegney]] |- | 88064 | 88600 | [[Bois-de-Champ]] |- | 88065 | 88260 | [[Bonvillet]] |- | 88066 | 88500 | [[Boulaincourt]] |- | 88068 | 88470 | [[La Bourgonce]] |- | 88069 | 88270 | [[Bouxières-aux-Bois]] |- | 88070 | 88130 | [[Bouxurulles]] |- | 88071 | 88270 | [[Bouzemont]] |- | 88073 | 88130 | [[Brantigny]] |- | 88074 | 88350 | [[Brechainville]] |- | 88075 | 88250 | [[La Bresse]] |- | 88076 | 88600 | [[Brouvelieures]] |- | 88077 | 88700 | [[Brû]] |- | 88078 | 88600 | [[Bruyères]] |- | 88079 | 88140 | [[Boloniacivilla]] |- | 88080 | 88700 | [[Bult]] |- | 88081 | 88540 | [[Bussang]] |- | 88082 | 88110 | [[Celles-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88083 | 88300 | [[Certilleux]] |- | 88084 | 88130 | [[Chamagne]] |- | 88085 | 88640 | [[Champdray]] |- | 88086 | 88600 | [[Ducis Campus|Champ-le-Duc]] |- | 88087 | 88000 | [[Chantraine (commune)|Chantraine]] |- | 88088 | 88240 | [[La Chapelle-aux-Bois]] |- | 88089 | 88600 | [[La Chapelle-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88090 | 88130 | [[Carpinia]] |- | 88091 | 88460 | [[Charmois-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88092 | 88270 | [[Charmois-l'Orgueilleux]] |- | 88093 | 88210 | [[Châtas]] |- | 88094 | 88330 | [[Châtel-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88095 | 88170 | [[Châtenois (Vosegus)|Châtenois]] |- | 88096 | 88410 | [[Châtillon-sur-Saône]] |- | 88097 | 88500 | [[Chauffecourt]] |- | 88098 | 88390 | [[Chaumousey]] |- | 88099 | 88150 | [[Chavelot]] |- | 88100 | 88500 | [[Chef-Haut]] |- | 88101 | 88460 | [[Cheniménil]] |- | 88102 | 88630 | [[Chermisey]] |- | 88103 | 88270 | [[Circourt]] |- | 88104 | 88300 | [[Circourt-sur-Mouzon]] |- | 88105 | 88410 | [[Claudon]] |- | 88107 | 88630 | [[Clérey-la-Côte]] |- | 88108 | 88240 | [[Le Clerjus]] |- | 88109 | 88120 | [[Cleurie]] |- | 88110 | 88700 | [[Clézentaine]] |- | 88111 | 88100 | [[Coinches]] |- | 88112 | 88490 | [[Colroy-la-Grande]] |- | 88113 | 88490 | [[Combrimont]] |- | 88114 | 88140 | [[Gundrecivilla]] |- | 88115 | 88430 | [[Corcieux]] |- | 88116 | 88310 | [[Cornimont]] |- | 88117 | 88170 | [[Courcelles-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88118 | 88630 | [[Coussey]] |- | 88119 | 88140 | [[Crainvilliers]] |- | 88120 | 88520 | [[La Croix-aux-Mines]] |- | 88121 | 88330 | [[Damas-aux-Bois]] |- | 88122 | 88270 | [[Damas-et-Bettegney]] |- | 88123 | 88320 | [[Damblain]] |- | 88124 | 88260 | [[Darney]] |- | 88125 | 88170 | [[Darney-aux-Chênes]] |- | 88126 | 88390 | [[Darnieulles]] |- | 88127 | 88700 | [[Deinvillers]] |- | 88128 | 88210 | [[Denipaire]] |- | 88129 | 88270 | [[Derbamont]] |- | 88130 | 88600 | [[Destord]] |- | 88131 | 88600 | [[Deycimont]] |- | 88132 | 88000 | [[Deyvillers]] |- | 88133 | 88000 | [[Dignonville]] |- | 88134 | 88000 | [[Dinozé]] |- | 88135 | 88460 | [[Docelles]] |- | 88136 | 88000 | [[Dogneville]] |- | 88137 | 88170 | [[Dolaincourt]] |- | 88138 | 88260 | [[Dombasle-devant-Darney]] |- | 88139 | 88500 | [[Dombasle-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88140 | 88140 | [[Dombrot-le-Sec]] |- | 88141 | 88170 | [[Dombrot-sur-Vair]] |- | 88144 | 88500 | [[Domèvre-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88142 | 88390 | [[Domèvre-sur-Avière]] |- | 88143 | 88330 | [[Domèvre-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88145 | 88600 | [[Domfaing]] |- | 88146 | 88800 | [[Domjulien]] |- | 88147 | 88390 | [[Dommartin-aux-Bois]] |- | 88148 | 88200 | [[Domnus Martinus (Romaricus Mons)]] |- | 88149 | 88260 | [[Dommartin-lès-Vallois]] |- | 88150 | 88170 | [[Dommartin-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88151 | 88270 | [[Donoparium]] |- | 88152 | 88600 | [[Dompierre (Vosegus)|Dompierre]] |- | 88153 | 88700 | [[Domptail]] |- | 88154 | 88630 | [[Domnum Remigium]] |- | 88155 | 88500 | [[Domvallier]] |- | 88156 | 88700 | [[Doncières]] |- | 88157 | 88220 | [[Dounoux]] |- | 88158 | 88510 | [[Éloyes]] |- | 88159 | 88650 | [[Entre-deux-Eaux]] |- | 88160 | 88000 | [[Spinalium]] |- | 88161 | 88260 | [[Escles]] |- | 88162 | 88260 | [[Esley]] |- | 88163 | 88130 | [[Essegney]] |- | 88164 | 88500 | [[Estrennes]] |- | 88165 | 88480 | [[Étival-Clairefontaine]] |- | 88166 | 88450 | [[Évaux-et-Ménil]] |- | 88167 | 88460 | [[Faucompierre]] |- | 88168 | 88700 | [[Fauconcourt]] |- | 88169 | 88600 | [[Fays (Vosegus)|Fays]] |- | 88170 | 88360 | [[Ferdrupt]] |- | 88171 | 88410 | [[Fignévelle]] |- | 88172 | 88600 | [[Fiménil]] |- | 88173 | 88130 | [[Florémont]] |- | 88174 | 88390 | [[Fomerey]] |- | 88175 | 88600 | [[Fontenay (Vosegus)|Fontenay]] |- | 88176 | 88240 | [[Fontenoy-le-Château]] |- | 88177 | 88530 | [[La Forge (Vosegus)|La Forge]] |- | 88178 | 88390 | [[Les Forges (Vosegus)|Les Forges]] |- | 88179 | 88320 | [[Fouchécourt (Vosegus)|Fouchécourt]] |- | 88180 | 88320 | [[Frain]] |- | 88181 | 88230 | [[Fraize]] |- | 88182 | 88490 | [[Frapelle]] |- | 88183 | 88630 | [[Frebécourt]] |- | 88184 | 88600 | [[Fremifontaine]] |- | 88185 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Grande]] |- | 88186 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Petite]] |- | 88187 | 88270 | [[Frénois (Vosegus)|Frénois]] |- | 88188 | 88160 | [[Fresse-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88189 | 88350 | [[Fréville (Vosegus)|Fréville]] |- | 88190 | 88440 | [[Frizon]] |- | 88192 | 88270 | [[Gelvécourt-et-Adompt]] |- | 88193 | 88520 | [[Gemaingoutte]] |- | 88194 | 88170 | [[Gemmelaincourt]] |- | 88195 | 88140 | [[Gendreville]] |- | 88196 | 88400 | [[Gérardmer]] |- | 88197 | 88120 | [[Gerbamont]] |- | 88198 | 88430 | [[Gerbépal]] |- | 88199 | 88320 | [[Gignéville]] |- | 88200 | 88390 | [[Gigney]] |- | 88201 | 88390 | [[Girancourt]] |- | 88202 | 88500 | [[Gircourt-lès-Viéville]] |- | 88203 | 88600 | [[Girecourt-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88205 | 88340 | [[Girmont-Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88206 | 88170 | [[Gironcourt-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88208 | 88410 | [[Godoncourt]] |- | 88209 | 88190 | [[Golbey]] |- | 88210 | 88270 | [[Gorhey]] |- | 88212 | 88350 | [[Grand (Vosegus)|Grand]] |- | 88213 | 88490 | [[La Grande-Fosse]] |- | 88215 | 88210 | [[Grandrupt]] |- | 88214 | 88240 | [[Grandrupt-de-Bains]] |- | 88216 | 88600 | [[Grandvillers]] |- | 88218 | 88640 | [[Granges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88219 | 88630 | [[Greux]] |- | 88220 | 88410 | [[Grignoncourt]] |- | 88221 | 88240 | [[Gruey-lès-Surance]] |- | 88222 | 88600 | [[Gugnécourt]] |- | 88223 | 88450 | [[Gugney-aux-Aulx]] |- | 88224 | 88330 | [[Hadigny-les-Verrières]] |- | 88225 | 88220 | [[Hadol]] |- | 88226 | 88270 | [[Hagécourt]] |- | 88227 | 88300 | [[Hagnéville-et-Roncourt]] |- | 88228 | 88330 | [[Haillainville]] |- | 88229 | 88300 | [[Harchéchamp]] |- | 88230 | 88700 | [[Hardancourt]] |- | 88231 | 88800 | [[Haréville]] |- | 88232 | 88300 | [[Harmonville]] |- | 88233 | 88270 | [[Harol]] |- | 88234 | 88240 | [[Harsault]] |- | 88235 | 88240 | [[Hautmougey]] |- | 88236 | 88240 | [[La Haye (Vosegus)|La Haye]] |- | 88237 | 88270 | [[Hennecourt]] |- | 88238 | 88260 | [[Hennezel]] |- | 88239 | 88130 | [[Hergugney]] |- | 88240 | 88600 | [[Herpelmont]] |- | 88241 | 88170 | [[Houécourt]] |- | 88242 | 88300 | [[Houéville]] |- | 88243 | 88700 | [[Housseras]] |- | 88244 | 88430 | [[La Houssière]] |- | 88245 | 88210 | [[Hurbache]] |- | 88246 | 88500 | [[Hymont]] |- | 88247 | 88150 | [[Igney (Vosegus)|Igney]] |- | 88248 | 88320 | [[Isches]] |- | 88249 | 88300 | [[Jainvillotte]] |- | 88250 | 88550 | [[Jarménil]] |- | 88251 | 88700 | [[Jeanménil]] |- | 88252 | 88260 | [[Jésonville]] |- | 88253 | 88000 | [[Jeuxey]] |- | 88254 | 88500 | [[Jorxey]] |- | 88255 | 88630 | [[Jubainville]] |- | 88256 | 88640 | [[Jussarupt]] |- | 88257 | 88500 | [[Juvaincourt]] |- | 88258 | 88320 | [[Lamarche]] |- | 88259 | 88300 | [[Landaville]] |- | 88260 | 88130 | [[Langley (Vosegus)|Langley]] |- | 88261 | 88600 | [[Laval-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88262 | 88600 | [[Laveline-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88263 | 88640 | [[Laveline-du-Houx]] |- | 88264 | 88270 | [[Légéville-et-Bonfays]] |- | 88265 | 88300 | [[Lemmecourt]] |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88266 | 88600 | [[Lépanges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88267 | 88260 | [[Lerrain]] |- | 88268 | 88490 | [[Lesseux]] |- | 88269 | 88400 | [[Liézey]] |- | 88270 | 88350 | [[Liffol-le-Grand]] |- | 88271 | 88800 | [[Lignéville]] |- | 88272 | 88410 | [[Lironcourt]] |- | 88273 | 88000 | [[Longchamp (Vosegus)|Longchamp]] |- | 88274 | 88170 | [[Longchamp-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88275 | 88490 | [[Lubine]] |- | 88276 | 88490 | [[Lusse]] |- | 88277 | 88110 | [[Luvigny]] |- | 88278 | 88170 | [[Maconcourt]] |- | 88279 | 88270 | [[Madecourt]] |- | 88280 | 88450 | [[Madegney]] |- | 88281 | 88270 | [[Madonne-et-Lamerey]] |- | 88282 | 88240 | [[Le Magny (Vosegus)|Le Magny]] |- | 88283 | 88140 | [[Malaincourt]] |- | 88284 | 88650 | [[Mandray]] |- | 88285 | 88800 | [[Mandres-sur-Vair]] |- | 88286 | 88130 | [[Marainville-sur-Madon]] |- | 88287 | 88320 | [[Marey (Vosegus)|Marey]] |- | 88288 | 88270 | [[Maroncourt]] |- | 88289 | 88320 | [[Martigny-les-Bains]] |- | 88290 | 88300 | [[Martigny-les-Gerbonvaux]] |- | 88291 | 88410 | [[Martinvelle]] |- | 88292 | 88500 | [[Mattaincourt]] |- | 88293 | 88630 | [[Maxey-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88294 | 88150 | [[Mazeley]] |- | 88295 | 88500 | [[Mazirot]] |- | 88296 | 88140 | [[Médonville]] |- | 88297 | 88600 | [[Méménil]] |- | 88298 | 88700 | [[Ménarmont]] |- | 88302 | 88160 | [[Le Ménil]] |- | 88300 | 88210 | [[Ménil-de-Senones]] |- | 88299 | 88500 | [[Mansile in Sanctesio]] |- | 88301 | 88700 | [[Ménil-sur-Belvitte]] |- | 88303 | 88630 | [[Midrevaux]] |- | 88304 | 88500 | [[Mirecurtium]] |- | 88305 | 88630 | [[Moncel-sur-Vair]] |- | 88306 | 88210 | [[Le Mont]] |- | 88309 | 88800 | [[Monthureux-le-Sec]] |- | 88310 | 88410 | [[Monthureux-sur-Saône]] |- | 88307 | 88320 | [[Mont-lès-Lamarche]] |- | 88308 | 88300 | [[Mont-lès-Neufchâteau]] |- | 88311 | 88240 | [[Montmotier]] |- | 88312 | 88170 | [[Morelmaison]] |- | 88313 | 88330 | [[Moriville]] |- | 88314 | 88320 | [[Morizécourt]] |- | 88315 | 88600 | [[Mortagne (Vosegus)|Mortagne]] |- | 88316 | 88140 | [[Morville (Vosegus)|Morville]] |- | 88317 | 88210 | [[Moussey (Vosegus)|Moussey]] |- | 88318 | 88700 | [[Moyemont]] |- | 88319 | 88420 | [[Moyenmoutier]] |- | 88320 | 88100 | [[Nayemont-les-Fosses]] |- | 88321 | 88300 | [[Neocastrum]] |- | 88322 | 88600 | [[La Neuveville-devant-Lépanges]] |- | 88324 | 88170 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88325 | 88800 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88326 | 88100 | [[Neuvillers-sur-Fave]] |- | 88327 | 88440 | [[Nomexy]] |- | 88328 | 88470 | [[Nompatelize]] |- | 88330 | 88260 | [[Nonville (Vosegus)|Nonville]] |- | 88331 | 88600 | [[Nonzeville]] |- | 88332 | 88800 | [[Norroy]] |- | 88333 | 88700 | [[Nossoncourt]] |- | 88334 | 88500 | [[Oëlleville]] |- | 88335 | 88500 | [[Offroicourt]] |- | 88336 | 88170 | [[Ollainville (Vosegus)|Ollainville]] |- | 88338 | 88700 | [[Ortoncourt]] |- | 88340 | 88700 | [[Padoux]] |- | 88341 | 88100 | [[Pair-et-Grandrupt]] |- | 88342 | 88330 | [[Pallegney]] |- | 88343 | 88800 | [[Parey-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88344 | 88350 | [[Pargny-sous-Mureau]] |- | 88345 | 88490 | [[La Petite-Fosse]] |- | 88346 | 88210 | [[La Petite-Raon]] |- | 88347 | 88270 | [[Pierrefitte (Vosegus)|Pierrefitte]] |- | 88348 | 88600 | [[Pierrepont-sur-l'Arentèle]] |- | 88349 | 88230 | [[Plainfaing]] |- | 88350 | 88170 | [[Pleuvezain]] |- | 88351 | 88370 | [[Plumberae]] |- | 88352 | 88300 | [[Pompierre]] |- | 88353 | 88260 | [[Pont-lès-Bonfays]] |- | 88354 | 88500 | [[Pont-sur-Madon]] |- | 88355 | 88330 | [[Portieux]] |- | 88356 | 88600 | [[Les Poulières]] |- | 88357 | 88500 | [[Poussay]] |- | 88358 | 88550 | [[Pouxeux]] |- | 88359 | 88600 | [[Prey (Vosegus)|Prey]] |- | 88360 | 88260 | [[Provenchères-lès-Darney]] |- | 88361 | 88490 | [[Provenchères-sur-Fave]] |- | 88362 | 88210 | [[Le Puid]] |- | 88363 | 88630 | [[Punerot]] |- | 88364 | 88500 | [[Puzieux (Vosegus)|Puzieux]] |- | 88365 | 88270 | [[Racécourt]] |- | 88366 | 88170 | [[Rainville (Vosegus)|Rainville]] |- | 88367 | 88700 | [[Rambervilleriae]] |- | 88368 | 88500 | [[Rancuria]] |- | 88369 | 88160 | [[Romarici campus]] |- | 88370 | 88270 | [[Radonis curtis]] |- | 88371 | 88220 | [[Rapo ad Silvas]] |- | 88372 | 88110 | [[Rapo ad Stationem]] |- | 88373 | 88110 | [[Raon-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88374 | 88130 | [[Rapey]] |- | 88375 | 88520 | [[Raves (Vosegus)|Raves]] |- | 88376 | 88300 | [[Ribovilla]] |- | 88377 | 88410 | [[Rainharii villa]] |- | 88378 | 88450 | [[Regney]] |- | 88379 | 88330 | [[Ranconis curtis]] |- | 88380 | 88640 | [[Rehaupal]] |- | 88381 | 88260 | [[Relangia]] |- | 88382 | 88500 | [[Rimacuria]] |- | 88383 | 88200 | [[Romarici Mons]] |- | 88386 | 88100 | [[Remomeix]] |- | 88385 | 88800 | [[Romulficuria]] |- | 88387 | 88170 | [[Ramaldi villa]] |- | 88388 | 88390 | [[Renauvoid]] |- | 88389 | 88500 | [[Reparium]] |- | 88390 | 88320 | [[Roberticuria]] |- | 88391 | 88120 | [[Rochesson]] |- | 88394 | 88320 | [[Romania ad Silvas]] |- | 88395 | 88700 | [[Rotmundum]] |- | 88398 | 88600 | [[Les Rouges-Eaux]] |- | 88399 | 88460 | [[Le Roulier]] |- | 88400 | 88500 | [[Ruvera in Sanctesio]] |- | 88401 | 88170 | [[Roverium (Vosegus)|Roverium]] |- | 88402 | 88700 | [[Rovilla ad Quercus]] |- | 88403 | 88500 | [[Roserota]] |- | 88404 | 88320 | [[Roseriae supra Mosunam]] |- | 88406 | 88130 | [[Rugney]] |- | 88407 | 88630 | [[Ruppes]] |- | 88408 | 88360 | [[Rupt-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88409 | 88120 | [[Saint-Amé]] |- | 88411 | 88260 | [[Sanctus Basolimons]] |- | 88412 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Benedictus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Benedictus]] |- | 88413 | 88100 | [[Sanctus Deodatus (urbs)|Sanctus Deodatus]] |- | 88410 | 88700 | [[Sancta Barbara (Vosegus)|Sancta Barbara]] |- | 88418 | 88700 | [[Sancta Helena (Vosegus)|Sancta Helena]] |- | 88424 | 88100 | [[Sancta Margareta (Vosegus)|Sancta Margareta]] |- | 88415 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam]] |- | 88416 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Genesius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Genesius]] |- | 88417 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Gorgonius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Gorgonius]] |- | 88419 | 88210 | [[Saint-Jean-d'Ormont]] |- | 88421 | 88410 | [[Sanctus Iulianus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Iulianus]] |- | 88423 | 88650 | [[Sanctus Leonardus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Leonardus]] |- | 88425 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Mauricius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Mauricius]] |- | 88426 | 88560 | [[Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88427 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Memmius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Memmius]] |- | 88428 | 88470 | [[Saint-Michel-sur-Meurthe]] |- | 88429 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Nabor (Vosegus)|Sanctus Nabor]] |- | 88430 | 88140 | [[Sanctus Audoenus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Audoenus]] |- | 88431 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Paulus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Paulus]] |- | 88432 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Petrimons]] |- | 88433 | 88500 | [[Sanctus Pancratius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Pancratius]] |- | 88434 | 88800 | [[Sancti Remigii Mons (Vosegus)|Sancti Remigii Mons]] |- | 88435 | 88480 | [[Sanctus Remigius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Remigius]] |- | 88436 | 88210 | [[Sanctus Stephanus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Stephanus]] |- | 88437 | 88270 | [[Sanctus Valerius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Valerius]] |- | 88438 | 88470 | [[La Salle (Vosegus)|La Salle]] |- | 88439 | 88390 | [[Sanchey]] |- | 88440 | 88170 | [[Sandaucuria]] |- | 88441 | 88260 | [[Sans-Vallois]] |- | 88442 | 88120 | [[Sapois (Vosegus)|Sapois]] |- | 88443 | 88300 | [[Sartes]] |- | 88444 | 88210 | [[Le Saulcy]] |- | 88445 | 88580 | [[Salicetum (Vosegus)|Salicetum]] |- | 88446 | 88140 | [[Salsurae (Vosegus)|Salsurae]] |- | 88447 | 88290 | [[Salsuriae]] |- | 88448 | 88140 | [[Seivilla]] |- | 88449 | 88130 | [[Saviniacum (Vosegus)|Saviniacum]] |- | 88450 | 88320 | [[Senagda]] |- | 88451 | 88210 | [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senonia]] |- | 88452 | 88260 | [[Senonges]] |- | 88453 | 88630 | [[Seromons]] |- | 88454 | 88600 | [[Sarcus (Vosegus)|Sarcus]] |- | 88455 | 88320 | [[Sirecuria]] |- | 88456 | 88320 | [[Serocourt]] |- | 88457 | 88630 | [[Seona (Vosegus)|Seona]] |- | 88458 | 88130 | [[Solicuria]] |- | 88459 | 88170 | [[Soncuria]] |- | 88460 | 88630 | [[Solicia]] |- | 88461 | 88140 | [[Serewavilla]] |- | 88462 | 88120 | [[Le Syndicat]] |- | 88463 | 88100 | [[Tinctorivus]] |- | 88464 | 88460 | [[Tendon (Vosegus)|Tendon]] |- | 88465 | 88150 | [[Tado]] |- | 88466 | 88800 | [[Tillia]] |- | 88467 | 88290 | [[Thiéfosse]] |- | 88468 | 88160 | [[Le Thillot]] |- | 88469 | 88500 | [[Tirocuria]] |- | 88470 | 88530 | [[Le Tholy]] |- | 88471 | 88410 | [[Les Thons]] |- | 88472 | 88260 | [[Thuillières]] |- | 88473 | 88320 | [[Tignécourt]] |- | 88474 | 88300 | [[Tellum (Vosegus)|Tellum]] |- | 88475 | 88320 | [[Toteleni curtis]] |- | 88476 | 88500 | [[Totoni villa]] |- | 88477 | 88350 | [[Trampodium]] |- | 88478 | 88300 | [[Tranculfi villa]] |- | 88479 | 88240 | [[Trémonzey]] |- | 88480 | 88130 | [[Ubexy]] |- | 88481 | 88220 | [[Uriménil]] |- | 88482 | 88140 | [[Eurivilla]] |- | 88483 | 88390 | [[Ursiniacum]] |- | 88484 | 88220 | [[Usminga]] |- | 88485 | 88140 | [[La Vacheresse-et-la-Rouillie]] |- | 88486 | 88120 | [[Vainiacum]] |- | 88487 | 88340 | [[Le Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88488 | 88270 | [[Valefridicurtis]] |- | 88489 | 88270 | [[Vallis Regia (Vosegus)|Vallis Regia]] |- | 88490 | 88800 | [[Vallis Regia Sicca]] |- | 88491 | 88260 | [[Tres Valesii]] |- | 88492 | 88230 | [[Le Valtin]] |- | 88493 | 88450 | [[Varmonzey]] |- | 88494 | 88500 | [[Vaubexy]] |- | 88495 | 88000 | [[Waldinivilla]] |- | 88496 | 88140 | [[Valdonis curtis (Vosegus)|Valdonis curtis]] |- | 88497 | 88330 | [[Wauxoncuria]] |- | 88498 | 88200 | [[Vecoux]] |- | 88499 | 88270 | [[Velotte-et-Tatignécourt]] |- | 88500 | 88310 | [[Ventron]] |- | 88501 | 88210 | [[Le Vermont]] |- | 88502 | 88600 | [[Vervezelle]] |- | 88503 | 88110 | [[Vexaincourt]] |- | 88504 | 88170 | [[Vicherey]] |- | 88505 | 88430 | [[Vienville]] |- | 88506 | 88210 | [[Vieux-Moulin (Vosegus)|Vieux-Moulin]] |- | 88507 | 88500 | [[Villers (Vosegus)|Villers]] |- | 88508 | 88270 | [[Ville-sur-Illon]] |- | 88509 | 88150 | [[Villoncourt]] |- | 88510 | 88320 | [[Villotte]] |- | 88511 | 88350 | [[Villouxel]] |- | 88512 | 88600 | [[Viménil]] |- | 88513 | 88450 | [[Vincey]] |- | 88514 | 88170 | [[Viocourt]] |- | 88515 | 88260 | [[Vioménil]] |- | 88516 | 88800 | [[Vittel]] |- | 88517 | 88260 | [[Viviers-le-Gras]] |- | 88518 | 88500 | [[Viviers-lès-Offroicourt]] |- | 88519 | 88470 | [[La Voivre (Vosegus)|La Voivre]] |- | 88520 | 88240 | [[Les Voivres]] |- | 88521 | 88700 | [[Vomécourt]] |- | 88522 | 88500 | [[Vomécourt-sur-Madon]] |- | 88523 | 88170 | [[Vouxey]] |- | 88524 | 88140 | [[Vrécourt]] |- | 88525 | 88500 | [[Vroville]] |- | 88526 | 88520 | [[Wisembach]] |- | 88527 | 88700 | [[Xaffévillers]] |- | 88528 | 88460 | [[Xamontarupt]] |- | 88529 | 88130 | [[Xaronval]] |- | 88530 | 88220 | [[Scatiniacum]] |- | 88531 | 88400 | [[Xonrupt-Longemer]] |- | 88532 | 88330 | [[Zincourt]] |} {{Indices communium praefecturarum Franciae}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi|!]] c13zts2lcw5qyheaqbogv62zc1un9s2 0 144316 3967305 3321222 2026-06-29T16:05:07Z LilyKitty 18316 de origine nominis 3967305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} <!-- Cave ne astronomicas huius textus mensuras emendes; e formula {{fn|Data Asteroidum 8000}} automatice inseruntur. --> {{Capsa asteroidis |Numerus = 8080 |Genus = Asteroides Cinguli Principalis |Epocha = {{#time:j xg Y| {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|epocha}} }} |Axis = {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|axis semimaior}} |Perihelion = {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|perihelion}} |Aphelion = {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|aphelion}} |Periodus = {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|periodus}} |Anomalia = {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|anomalia media}} |Inclinatio = {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|inclinatio}} |Nodus = {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|omega}} |Argumentum = {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|argumentum}} |Eccentricitas = {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|eccentricitas}} |Diametrum = {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|diametrum}} |Massa = |Densitas = |Rotatio h = |Rotatio m = |Tholen = {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|spectrum tholen}} |SMASS = {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|spectrum smass}} |Magnitudo = {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|magnitudo}} |Albedo = {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|albedo}} |Repertor = Centrum Investigationis pro Geodynamica et Astrometria |Repertorbrevis = Centri Investigationis pro Geodynamica et Astrometria |Repertor2 = |Repertorbrevis2 = |Repertor3 = |Repertorbrevis3 = |Repertor4 = |Repertorbrevis4 = ; |Dies = {{#time:j xg| {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|repertum}} }} |Annus = {{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|repertum}} }} |Designationes = 1987 WU2, 1958 QC, 1989 AS5 }} '''8080 {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|nomen}}''',<ref>[[Nomina asteroidum]] iussu [[Unio Astronomica Internationalis|Unionis Astronomicae Internationalis]] imposita sunt.</ref> olim designationibus '''1987 WU2''', '''1958 QC''', et '''1989 AS5''' agnitus, est [[asteroides]] [[Systema Solare|systematis solaris]] nostri, [[Asteroides Cinguli Principalis|asteroidibus Cinguli Principalis]] attributus. [[Astronomia|Astronomis]] terrestribus [[magnitudo absoluta|magnitudinem absolutam]] {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|magnitudo}} monstrat. Die [[{{#time:j xg| {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|repertum}} }}]] [[{{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|repertum}} }}]] a [[Centrum Investigationis pro Geodynamica et Astrometria|Centrum Investigationis pro Geodynamica et Astrometria]], astronomo apud [[Observatorium CERGA (Caussols)|Observatorium CERGA (Caussols)]] versato, repertus est.<ref>{{Harvard MPC Discovery Circumstances}}</ref> In honorem collegii semiconductrorum [[Intel]] nominatus fuit.<!-- Hic de origine nominis scribendum est. --> Rerum orbitalium ratio [[epocha (astronomia)|epocha]]e {{#time:j xg Y| {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|epocha}} }} constitit. Qua epocha 8080 {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|nomen}} per dies {{#expr: (365.25 * {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|periodus}}) round 0}} circa solem movebatur. Axem orbitalem habebat [[Unitas astronomica|unitatum astronomicarum]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|axis semimaior}} round 2}} et eccentricitatem {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|eccentricitas}} round 2}}, distans igitur a sole [[perihelion|quam minime]] unitatibus {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|perihelion}} round 2}}, [[aphelion|quam maxime]] unitatibus {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|aphelion}} round 2}}. [[Inclinatio orbitalis]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|inclinatio}} round 2}}[[gradus (mensura)|&deg;]] reperiebatur, [[anomalia media]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|anomalia media}} round 2}}&deg;. <!-- Discovered 1987 Nov. 17 at Caussols. The Intel 8080 microprocessor is the ancestor of a series of microprocessor chips going from the 8086, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486 to today's Pentium processors. Fundamental to the &quot;PC revolution&quot;, the 8080 did much to advance astronomy at amateur and professional observatories worldwide. NOTE: some special characters may not display properly (any characters within {} are an attempt to place the proper accent above a character) <b>Reference:</b> 20000124/MPCPages.arc <b>Last Updated:</b> 2009-05-11 --> ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus externi== {{NASA JPL|Data=[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=8080]}} {{systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Asteroides anno {{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 8000|8080|repertum}} }} reperti]] [[Categoria:Asteroides Cinguli Principalis]] 36a59tdcwwho4me4fj8bajsi04f1csm 0 159143 3967328 3714304 2026-06-29T17:41:29Z Ailamnos 165281 Ill. 3967328 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Vittskövle-fresco-Gud_skaber_af_øde_og_tomhed.jpg|thumb|300 px|[[Coelum|Coeli]] creator, ''[[Vittskövle]]'' [[ecclesia]] in [[Scania]]]] [[Fasciculus:Antiphonaire dominicain. Parties d'hiver et de printemps - btv1b530097575 (793 of 845).jpg|thumb|Hymnus ''Conditor alme siderum'' in antiphonario manuscripto iuxta ritum Ordinis Praedicatorum (1300)]] '''"Conditor alme siderum"''' est [[hymnus]] [[Divinum Officium|Liturgiae Horarum]], ad [[Vesperae|Vesperas]] [[Adventus|tempore Adventus]] cantandus. [[Compositor|Compositus]] est [[Saeculum 7|saeculo septimo]]. :Cónditor alme siderum<br> :aetérna lux credéntium<br> :Christe redémptor ómnium<br> :exáudi preces súpplicum. :Qui cóndolens intéritu<br> :mortis perire saeculum<br> :salvásti mundum languidum<br> :donas reis remedium. :Vergénte mundi véspere<br> :uti sponsus de thálamo<br> :egréssus honestissima<br> :Virginis matris cláusula. :Cuius forti poténtiae<br> :genu curvántur ómnia<br> :caeléstia, terréstia<br> :nutu faténtur súbdita. :Te, Sancte fide quáesumus,<br> :venture iudex sáeculi,<br> :consérva nos in témpore<br> :hostis a telo perfidi. :Sit, Christe rex piissime<br> :tibi Patríque glória<br> :cum Spíritu Paráclito<br> :in sempitérna sáecula.<br> :Amen. ==Nexus externus== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150629220715/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/GL116.mid Melodiae hymni] apud upload.wikiemdia.org {{musica-stipula}} {{Hymni et preces Christiani}} {{vicifons|Conditor alme siderum}} [[Categoria:Hymni Christiani]] pflsjttr9uproxkjbtn508p0zdqoiir 0 167465 3967293 3966862 2026-06-29T13:49:08Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Cursus honorum et sacerdotia */ 3967293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum,<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augustum]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent statuas in eius honorem ponendas.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2 et ''Epistula'' II.36. Cf {{CIL|6|2145}}.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex ultimis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatum Achaiae]] gerens provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis prohibens, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptio in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedium dirutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium epistularum secum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unius [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato mortuo erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Flaviano]] dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] nax6u4bp65qjfqflky16gcwigj3zcpz 3967294 3967293 2026-06-29T13:53:26Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Origines */ 3967294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gestos, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum,<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augustum]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent statuas in eius honorem ponendas.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2 et ''Epistula'' II.36. Cf {{CIL|6|2145}}.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex ultimis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatum Achaiae]] gerens provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis prohibens, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptio in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedium dirutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium epistularum secum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unius [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato mortuo erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Flaviano]] dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] 8y0rsydp998xzhtazcvd5mvqyyatmah 3967295 3967294 2026-06-29T13:54:43Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Origines */ 3967295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gestos, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiaque eadem patribus et filiis deinceps geri. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum,<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augustum]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent statuas in eius honorem ponendas.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2 et ''Epistula'' II.36. Cf {{CIL|6|2145}}.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex ultimis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatum Achaiae]] gerens provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis prohibens, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptio in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedium dirutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium epistularum secum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unius [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato mortuo erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Flaviano]] dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] m5phnqpxlhq96w3w2kyj631ig62nja1 3967296 3967295 2026-06-29T13:58:13Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Origines */ 3967296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadraginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gestos, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiaque eadem patribus et filiis deinceps geri. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadraginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum,<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augustum]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent statuas in eius honorem ponendas.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2 et ''Epistula'' II.36. Cf {{CIL|6|2145}}.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex ultimis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatum Achaiae]] gerens provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis prohibens, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptio in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedium dirutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium epistularum secum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unius [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato mortuo erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Flaviano]] dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] frmth2o3qrxapbz99tpgr52nru31aev 3967300 3967296 2026-06-29T14:21:09Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Favor gentilium Romanorum */ 3967300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadraginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gestos, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiaque eadem patribus et filiis deinceps geri. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadraginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum,<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augustum]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent statuas in eius honorem ponendas.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2 et ''Epistula'' II.36. Cf {{CIL|6|2145}}.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex ultimis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatum Achaiae]] gerens provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis prohibens, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptio in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedium dirutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefecturam praetorio]] gerens incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium epistularum secum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unius [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato mortuo erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Flaviano]] dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] p0nxzd67654v7zeh37xnuh9x26akcap 3967301 3967300 2026-06-29T14:22:38Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Bibliographia */ 3967301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadraginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gestos, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiaque eadem patribus et filiis deinceps geri. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadraginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum,<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augustum]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent statuas in eius honorem ponendas.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2 et ''Epistula'' II.36. Cf {{CIL|6|2145}}.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex ultimis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatum Achaiae]] gerens provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis prohibens, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptio in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedium dirutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefecturam praetorio]] gerens incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium epistularum secum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unius [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato mortuo erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Flaviano]] dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 necnon II.36 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] aau1h80x1qrf9vcyvt0e2l5sc1iw4o1 3967302 3967301 2026-06-29T14:23:04Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Bibliographia */ 3967302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Statue Base of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus.jpg|thumb|Elogium Praetextati in basi statuae ({{CIL|6|1778}}).]] '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] religionem avitam colentibus Romanam, quam conatus est a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scripta [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; quibus legendis intellegitur alterum altero familiarissime usum esse. Censebat praeterea [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in Praetextati comitibus morte eius allata, ut [[Hieronymus]] statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, tum cum perfectam eius imaginem fingere licebat. [[Zosimus]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] florens, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "[[Historia nova|Historiae novae]]" suae fuisse cultuum gentilium,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'', IV 3 3.</ref>, [[Ioannes Lydus|Iohannes vero Lydus]] (floruit [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadraginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duxisset, qui mos erat optimatibus Romanis illo tempore, eius annus natalis potest inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lydo, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gestos, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiaque eadem patribus et filiis deinceps geri. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque eius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadraginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Vettio Agorio Pretestato - fronte.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1779}}: stela funebris. ]] Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]<ref>{{CIL|6|102}}</ref>. Mortuo Praetextato, [[imperator]] petivit a [[Senatus Romanus|Senatu]] exemplar eius orationum,<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augustum]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent statuas in eius honorem ponendas.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2 et ''Epistula'' II.36. Cf {{CIL|6|2145}}.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex ultimis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatum Achaiae]] gerens provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis prohibens, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerens [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptio in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedium dirutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefecturam praetorio]] gerens incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium epistularum secum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unius [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato mortuo erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Flaviano]] dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] hospes convivarum eruditorum inducitur quos ut secum dissererent de antiquis moribus Romanis invitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * {{CIL|6|102}} {{CIL|6|1777}} {{CIL|6|1778}} {{CIL|6|1779}} {{CIL|6|1780}} {{CIL|6|1781}} {{CIL|6|2145}} {{CIL|15|7563}} {{AE|1928|48}} * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 necnon libro secundo 36 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus?uselang=de Vettium Agorium Praetextatum] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] kcs9o951zlnzshu3an7c9h1dei7wy1k 0 175504 3967333 3940492 2026-06-29T20:17:09Z ~2026-34651-68 211541 3967333 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Michael Winner, 2010 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Michael Winner anno [[2010]]]] '''Michael Winner''' ([[Londinium |Londinii]] die [[30 Octobris]] [[1935]]; ibidem mortuus die [[21 Ianuarii]] [[2013]]) fuit [[moderator cinematographicus]] et [[pellicula]]rum factor [[Regnum Unitum|Britannicus]]. == Pelliculae selectae== * [[1977]]: '' [[The Sentinel]]'' == Nexus externus== * {{Imdb name|0935382|Michael Winner}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1935|2013|Winner, Michael}} [[Categoria:Moderatores cinematographici Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Angliae]] pg3wfunpdxligltu3z9emmuut9n86bk 3967335 3967333 2026-06-30T04:02:44Z IacobusAmor 1163 3967335 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Michael Winner, 2010 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Michael Winner anno [[2010]].]] '''Michael Winner''' ([[Londinium |Londinii]] die [[30 Octobris]] [[1935]]; ibidem mortuus die [[21 Ianuarii]] [[2013]]) fuit [[moderator cinematographicus]] et [[pellicula]]rum factor [[Regnum Unitum|Britannicus]]. == Pelliculae selectae== * [[1977]]: '' [[The Sentinel]]'' == Nexus externus== * {{Imdb name|0935382|Michael Winner}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1935|2013|Winner, Michael}} [[Categoria:Incolae Angliae]] [[Categoria:Moderatores cinematographici Britanniae]] luqsbuoauniy3727qnony1q8rqi8d0n 0 207596 3967320 2699261 2026-06-29T16:46:25Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Vita et cursus honorum */ 3967320 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rufius Magnus Faustus Avienus Iunior''' (natus saeculo 5 [[Roma]]e<ref>[[Magnus Felix Ennodius|Ennodius]], Epistulae IX 32</ref>, mortuus post annum [[534]]) vir publicus Romanus sub regno [[Theodoricus (rex Ostrogothorum)|Theodorici]] regis fuit. == Familia == Pater eius [[Flavius Anicius Probus Faustus Iunior]] (consul [[490]]) erat, mater Stephania, cuius pater anno [[450]] consulatum gessit. Frater e patre fuit [[Flavius Ennodius Messala]], qui anno [[506]] consulatum gessit. Filius eius [[Flavius Rufius Gennadius Probus Orestes]] anno [[530]] consulatum gessit. == Vita et cursus honorum == De eius vita multa ex epitulis [[Magnus Felix Ennodius|Ennodii]] novimus. In [[Liguria]] institutionem accepit et linguam Graecam ut Latinam edidicit; forsitan discipulus Ennodii fuit<ref>op. cit. II 10 - 11</ref>. Anno [[502]] adhuc iuvenis consul erat, una cum [[Flavius Probo|Flavio Probo]]. Anno [[503]] morbo afflictus est<ref>loc. cit.</ref>. Anno [[507]]/[[508]] [[Ravenna]]e fuit cum parentibus. Anno [[512]] iterum Romae fuit, filiam gentis nobilis in matrimonium duceret. Anno ab [[Athalaricus (rex Ostrogothorum)|Athalarico]] rege [[Ostrogothi|Ostrogothorum]] [[527]]/[[528]] [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] nominatus est. Anno [[534]] litteras a [[Ioannes II|Ioanne II]] papa accepit. == Bibliographia == * Martindale, John R., John Morris, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, 1980, pp. 192-193. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Flavius Avienus Iunior]] et [[Flavius Pompeius]] | annus= 502<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Probus|Flavius Probo]]| successores=[[Flavius Volusianus]] et [[Flavius Dexicrates]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 5|saeculo 6}} [[Categoria:Senatores]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] cvjv346qonqpr2t4eftdsi3ai4ukpz7 3967321 3967320 2026-06-29T16:46:58Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Vita et cursus honorum */ 3967321 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rufius Magnus Faustus Avienus Iunior''' (natus saeculo 5 [[Roma]]e<ref>[[Magnus Felix Ennodius|Ennodius]], Epistulae IX 32</ref>, mortuus post annum [[534]]) vir publicus Romanus sub regno [[Theodoricus (rex Ostrogothorum)|Theodorici]] regis fuit. == Familia == Pater eius [[Flavius Anicius Probus Faustus Iunior]] (consul [[490]]) erat, mater Stephania, cuius pater anno [[450]] consulatum gessit. Frater e patre fuit [[Flavius Ennodius Messala]], qui anno [[506]] consulatum gessit. Filius eius [[Flavius Rufius Gennadius Probus Orestes]] anno [[530]] consulatum gessit. == Vita et cursus honorum == De eius vita multa ex epitulis [[Magnus Felix Ennodius|Ennodii]] novimus. In [[Liguria]] institutionem accepit et linguam Graecam ut Latinam edidicit; forsitan discipulus Ennodii fuit<ref>op. cit. II 10 - 11</ref>. Anno [[502]] adhuc iuvenis consul erat, una cum [[Flavius Probo|Flavio Probo]]. Anno [[503]] morbo afflictus est<ref>loc. cit.</ref>. Anno [[507]]/[[508]] [[Ravenna]]e fuit cum parentibus. Anno [[512]] iterum Romae fuit, filiam gentis nobilis in matrimonium duxit. Anno ab [[Athalaricus (rex Ostrogothorum)|Athalarico]] rege [[Ostrogothi|Ostrogothorum]] [[527]]/[[528]] [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] nominatus est. Anno [[534]] litteras a [[Ioannes II|Ioanne II]] papa accepit. == Bibliographia == * Martindale, John R., John Morris, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, 1980, pp. 192-193. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Flavius Avienus Iunior]] et [[Flavius Pompeius]] | annus= 502<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Probus|Flavius Probo]]| successores=[[Flavius Volusianus]] et [[Flavius Dexicrates]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 5|saeculo 6}} [[Categoria:Senatores]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] jtgolphn64h8qe9j8gq6m3c4qzhxih1 3967322 3967321 2026-06-29T16:47:50Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Vita et cursus honorum */ 3967322 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rufius Magnus Faustus Avienus Iunior''' (natus saeculo 5 [[Roma]]e<ref>[[Magnus Felix Ennodius|Ennodius]], Epistulae IX 32</ref>, mortuus post annum [[534]]) vir publicus Romanus sub regno [[Theodoricus (rex Ostrogothorum)|Theodorici]] regis fuit. == Familia == Pater eius [[Flavius Anicius Probus Faustus Iunior]] (consul [[490]]) erat, mater Stephania, cuius pater anno [[450]] consulatum gessit. Frater e patre fuit [[Flavius Ennodius Messala]], qui anno [[506]] consulatum gessit. Filius eius [[Flavius Rufius Gennadius Probus Orestes]] anno [[530]] consulatum gessit. == Vita et cursus honorum == De eius vita multa ex epitulis [[Magnus Felix Ennodius|Ennodii]] novimus. In [[Liguria]] institutionem accepit et linguam Graecam ut Latinam edidicit; forsitan discipulus Ennodii fuit<ref>op. cit. II 10 - 11</ref>. Anno [[502]] adhuc iuvenis consul erat, una cum [[Flavius Probo|Flavio Probo]]. Anno [[503]] morbo afflictus est<ref>loc. cit.</ref>. Anno [[507]]/[[508]] [[Ravenna]]e fuit cum parentibus. Anno [[512]] iterum Romae fuit, filiam gentis nobilis in matrimonium duxit. Ab [[Athalaricus (rex Ostrogothorum)|Athalarico]] rege [[Ostrogothi|Ostrogothorum]] anno [[527]]/[[528]] [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] nominatus est. Anno [[534]] litteras a [[Ioannes II|Ioanne II]] papa accepit. == Bibliographia == * Martindale, John R., John Morris, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, 1980, pp. 192-193. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Flavius Avienus Iunior]] et [[Flavius Pompeius]] | annus= 502<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Probus|Flavius Probo]]| successores=[[Flavius Volusianus]] et [[Flavius Dexicrates]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 5|saeculo 6}} [[Categoria:Senatores]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] 2fkbb022u60yzaks5798f8q2yocyi0a 0 212749 3967342 3516419 2026-06-30T11:45:46Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ 3967342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''纪传体''', quod verbum translitteratione Sinensi [[pinyin]] '''jìzhuàntǐ''' scribitur, sed [[lingua Iaponica|Iaponensi]]] [[Hepburn (translitteratio)|Hepburn]]<ref>Modus [[translitteratio]]nis quam [[Iacobus Curtis Hepburn]] excogitavit.</ref> '''kidentai''', est forma [[historiographia|historiae scribendae]] qua annales [[regnum|regnorum]] cum [[biographia|vitis hominum]] principalium et commentationibus praecipuis uno opere coniunguntur. Notio contraria est puri [[annales]] (Iaponice ''hennentai''). [[Rerum gestarum scriptor]] primus qui hac forma historiam suam confecerit est [[Cienus]], [[auctor]] operis ''[[Shiji]]'' [[saeculum 1 a.C.n.|saeculo primo a.C.n.]] ineunte compositi. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Hardy, Grant. [[1999]]. ''Worlds of Bronze and Bamboo: Sima Qian's Conquest of History.'' Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 15-16. {{Google Books|BeVS1n4iTmcC|Paginae selectae}}. {{Lit-stipula}} [[Categoria:Genera litterarum]] [[Categoria:Historiographia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Sinicae]] [[Categoria:Verba Sinica]] hu1leq0fh6gcjmmp0h0v33cv5908nkt 0 240497 3967307 3453770 2026-06-29T16:28:47Z Pippobuono 54500 capsa et opus 3967307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:%C3%89glise_paroissiale_Sainte-Libaire_de_Burey_en_Vaux.JPG |thumb|upright=0.8|left|Burey-en-Vaux: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sancta Libaria|Sanctae Libariae]] dicata.]] {{res|Burey-en-Vaux}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 153 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Mosa]] in regione orientali [[Lotharingia]] (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]]). {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Mosae|Indicem communium praefecturae Mosae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Burey-en-Vaux|Burey-en-Vaux}} {{INSEE commune|55088|de=Burey-en-Vaux}} * {{opus|url=http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=6299 |titulus=De hoc communi|domus editoria=cassini.ehess.fr}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Mosae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Mosae]] 0u7gwmncbmxrgixe6lxz0vyvizzqss3 0 248012 3967318 3463855 2026-06-29T16:44:16Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3967318 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Bellozanne-chapelle.JPG |thumb|250 px|Brémontier-Merval: [[aedicula]] [[Sancta Margarita|Sanctae Margaritae]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 76142.png|250 px|left|thumb|Brémontier-Merval: communis tabula]] '''Brémontier-Merval''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 480 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Sequana Maritima|Sequanae Maritimae]] in regione [[Normannia Superior]]i (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Normannia (regio Franciae)|Normannia]]). {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Sequanae Maritimae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Brémontier-Merval|Brémontier-Merval}} * {{INSEE commune|76142|de=Brémontier-Merval}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=5718 De hoc communi apud cassini.ehess.fr] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Sequanae Maritimae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Sequanae maritimae]] 38yyfxlmkia459hgnsxujcgnm3avlsz 0 261973 3967306 3933525 2026-06-29T16:07:49Z LilyKitty 18316 de impetu in Venetiolam anni 2026 et terrae motu Venetiolao anni 2026 3967306 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Juan Lovera 2012 005.jpg|thumb|''Die 5 Iulii 1811'' (pars). [[Pictura]] a [[Ioannes Lovera|Ioanne Lovera]] anno [[1811]] picta.]] Hic commentarius '''historiam Venetiolae''' tractat. Vide etiam [[historia Americae Australis|historiam Americae Australis]] et [[Historia Americae Latinae|historiam Americae Latinae]]. == Aevum prae-Columbianum in Venetiola == [[Fasciculus:palafito.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''[[Palafitum]]''<!--Hispanice palafito--> hodiernum, [[domus|domuum]] ab [[Americus Vespucius|Americo Vespucio]] visarum simile.]] [[Fasciculus:19 de abril.jpg|thumb|''Die 19 Aprilis 1810.'' Pictura a [[Ioannes Lovera|Ioanne Lovera]] anno [[1835]] picta.]] [[Fasciculus:Martin Tovar y Tovar 07.JPG|thumb|[[Iosephus Felix Rivas]].]] [[Fasciculus:El Libertador (Bolívar diplomático) 1860 000.jpg|thumb|[[Simon Bolívar]].]] [[Fasciculus:Jose Antonio Paez 000.jpg|thumb|''[[José Antonio Páez]].'' Imago a Martino Tovar y Tovar picta.]] [[Fasciculus:Martin Tovar y Tovar 20.JPG|thumb|''[[Antonius Guzmán Blanco]].'' Imago a Martino Tovar y Tovar anno [[1880]] picta.]] [[Fasciculus:AndresBello.jpg|thumb|[[Andreas Bello]], [[polymathes]] Venetiolanus.]] [[Archaeologia|Archaeologi]] indicia primorum incolarum [[regio]]nis Venetiolae invenerunt, quae sunt [[folium|foliiformia]] [[squama lithica|squamarum lithicarum]] [[instrumentum rusticum|instrumenta]], una cum instrumentis [[secare|secandi]] et [[rasor (archaeologia)|radendi]] in altis aggeribus fluviatilibus [[Flumen Pedregal|Fluminis Pedregal]] in Venetiola occidentali expositis. Artefacta [[Pleistocaenum|Pleistocaena exeuntia]] [[venatio]]nis, inter quae apices [[hasta]]rum, ex loco simili in Venetiola boreoccidentali El Jobo appellato veniunt. Quae per [[computatio radiocarbonica|compitationem radiocarbonicam]], ab 13&thinsp;000 ad 7000 a.C.n. supersunt. [[Taima-Taima]], Muaco [[flavus]], et El Jobo in Falcón sunt loci qui res archaeologicas ex illis temporibus retexerunt.<ref>Silverman et Isbell 2008:433–434.</ref> Hi greges cum [[Megatherium|megatheriis]], [[Glyptodontidae|glyptodontis]], [[toxodonta|toxodontis]], aliisque [[megafauna|megafaunis]] eodem tempore vixerunt. Archaeologi aevum Meso-Indicum ab 7000–[[5000 a.C.n.]] ad [[1000|1000 p.C.n.]] cognoscunt. Illo tempore, megafaunarum [[venatio et collectio|venatores et collectores]] alios [[victus]] petere coeperunt et eorum primas formas tribales constituerunt. Ex anno [[1000 a.C.n.]] fere, archaeologi mentionem aevi neo-Indiani faciunt, quod in aevo [[conquisitatores Hispani|victoriae Europaeae]] et deductionis [[colonia]]rum finivit. [[Saeculum 16|Saeculo sexto decimo]], cum [[colonizatio Americae Hispanica|colonizatio Hispanica]] in terris Venetiolanis incipiret, tota multitudo nonnullarum [[Indi Americani|gentium indigenarum]], sicut [[Mariches]] (proles [[gens Kalina|Caribes]]), defecerunt. [[Rerum gestarum scriptor]]es multas huius defectionis causas proposuerunt, inter quas sunt [[morbus|morbi]] Europaei et continua tribuum indigenarum [[genocidium|pernicies]] ad [[opes naturales]] magni in Europa aestimatas continendas. ''[[Cacique]]s'' ([[ductus|duces]]) vernaculares, sicut [[Guaicaipuro]] et [[Tamanaco]], impetus Hispanicos resistere conabantur, sed advenae eos demum subiecerunt. [[Rerum gestarum scriptor|Historici]] consentiunt inter se [[Didacus de Losada|Didacum de Losada]], conditorem [[Caracae|Caracarum]], Tamanaco ad ultimum de medio sustulisse. == Regnum Hispanicum == [[Christophorus Columbus]] orientale Venetiolae [[litus]] per [[navigationes Christophori Columbi|navigationem tertiam]] anno [[1498]] secutus est, sola ex eius navigationibus quattuor quae [[America Australis|Americam Australem]] [[continens|continentem]] attigit. Haec [[expeditio]] [[Cubagua]]m et [[Insula Margarita|Margaritam]], una insulas margaritas appellatas, ante litus boreorientale Venetiolae litus invenit. Aliae expeditiones Hispanicae, ad margaritiferas harum insularum [[Pinctada|ostreas]] obtinendas redientes, indigenas in [[servitus|servitutem]] redegerunt et [[margarita]]s tam acriter messuerunt quam margaritae una ex [[natura]]libus Imperii Hispanici in America opibus maxime aestimatis ab anno [[1508]] ad [[1531]] factae sunt, cum indigenae et ostreae devastarentur. Secunda expeditio Hispanica, ab [[Alonsus de Ojeda|Alonso de Ojeda]] ducta, qui secundum septentrionale Americae Australis litus anno [[1499]] [[navigatio|navigavit]], ''Venetiola'' ([[Hispanice]] '[[Venetia]] parva') [[nomen proprium]] [[Sinus Venetiolae|Sinui Venetiolae]] dedit, quia [[regio]] [[Venetiae|inclutae urbis Italicae]] similis videbatur. Hispanica Venetiolae continentalis [[colonia|colonizatio]] anno [[1522]] coepit. Hispania eius primam sedes perpetuam in America Australi in [[Cumaná]] urbe hodierna constituit. Tempore Hispanicorum advenientium, indigenae plerumque in [[commune|communibus]] parvorum gregum [[agricultura|agricolarum]] et [[venatio|venatorum]] habitabant, secundum litus, in [[mons|montibus]] [[Andes|Andibus]], et secundum [[Flumen Orinoco]]. [[Klein-Venedig]] ('[[Theodisce]], 'Venetia Parva') fuit pars [[colonizatio Americarum Germanica|colonizationis Americarum Germanicae]] maximi momenti, ab anno [[1528]] ad [[1546]], cum [[Welser]]i, [[familia]] [[argentaria]] ex [[Augusta Vindelicorum|Augustae Vindelicorum]], iura colonialia in [[Provincia Venetiolana]] pro [[aes alienum|aere alieno]] a rege [[Carolus V (imperator)|Carolo I Hispaniae]] debito obtinuit. Primum propositum fuit [[El Dorado]] invenire, [[urbs|urbem]] fabulosam. Primus dux facinoris fuit [[Ambrosius Ehinger]], qui [[Maracaibo]] anno [[1529]] condidit, sed ipso et tum [[Georgius de Speyer|Georgio de Speyer]] successore mortuis, [[Philippus de Hutten]] regiones interiores explorare perrexit, et ipso a [[caput (urbs)|capite]] provinciae absente, rex Hispanicus [[ius]] [[rector]]ris creati vindicavit. Cum enim ad [[Sancta Anna de Coro|Sanctam Annam de Coro]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]] anno [[1546]] redirent, [[Ioannes de Carvajal]] gubernator Hispanicus iussit ut Hutten et Bartholomaeus Welser IV necarentur. Postea, Rex Carolus cartam Welseranam abrogavit. Ante medium [[saeculum 16|saeculum sextum decimum]], non multo plus quam 2000 Europaeorum in terris Venetiolae hodierne degebant. [[Aurifodina]]e autem ad [[Yaracuy]] apertae ad [[servitus|servitutem]] constitutam duxerunt, solum indigenas primum, sed ad ultimum [[Africa]]nos importatos attingentes. Primae verae res prosperae [[oeconomia|oeconomicae]] [[pecus|pecore]] alendo innitebantur, multo adiutae a planitiebus [[poaceae|gramineis]] simpliciter ''[[Planities (Venetiola)|planities]]'' ([[Hispanice]] ''Los Llanos'') appellatis. [[Civilitas]] quae itaque oriebatur—paucis agrorum possessoribus Hispanicis armentariisque indigenis late diffugitis, [[equus|equis]] ab Hispanis introductis utentibus—[[feudalismus|feudalismum]] primitivum commemorat, sine dubio valens notio in Hispanica [[saeculum 16|saeculi sexti decimi]] [[cogitatio]]ne, quae (fortasse utilius) ad res oeconomicas attingens cum [[latifundium|latifundiis]] [[antiquitas|antiquis]] comparari potest. [[Saeculum|Saeculis]] [[saeculum 16|sexto decimo]] et [[saeculum 17|septimo decimo]], [[urbs|urbes]] quae Venetiolam hodiernam constituunt aliquantulum a rectoribus politicis neglegebantur. Viceregna [[Viceregnum Novae Hispaniae|Novae Hispaniae]] et [[Viceregnum Peruvianum|Peruvianum]] (in locis olim ab urbibus capitalibus [[Azteci|Aztecorum]] et [[Imperium Incarum|Incarum]] proprie occupatis) plus exspectationem propinquorum [[aurum|auri]] et [[argentum|argenti]] [[metallum|metallorum]]<!--mines--> quam remotarum Venetiolae [[societas humana|societatum]] agriculturalium habebant. Dicio terrarum Venetiolae inter haec viceregna bina vicissim mutabat. [[Saeculum 18|Saeculum duodevicensimo]], altera societas Venetiolana in litore orta est cum [[plantatio]]nes [[Theobroma cacao|cocaonis]] a multo maioribus servorum Africanorum importationibus cultae constitutae sunt. Permulti servi etiam in ''[[hacienda]]'' planitierum graminearum laborabant. Plurimi Amerindi qui iam supererant ad planities et loca virgultis obsita ad meridiem necessario migraverant, ubi solum [[frater (religiosus)|fratres]] Hispanici eos curaverunt—praecipue [[Franciscani]] et [[Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum|Capuccini]], qui [[grammatica]] et parva [[dictionarium|dictionaria]] nonnullarum earum linguarum compilaverunt. Eorum missio (nomen provinciae actionis horum fratrum) maximi momenti in Sancto Thomas in [[Regio Guayana|Regione Guayana]] orta est. [[Provincia Venetiolana]], quae in dicione [[Viceregnum Novae Granatae|Viceregni Novae Granatae]] (anno [[1717]] constituti) erat, [[Capitaneitas Generalis Venetiolae]]<!--?captaincy?--> anno [[1777]] facta est. Societas Guipuzcoana ([[Hispanice]] ''Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas''), monopolium [[commercium|mercatorium]] cum [[Europa]] tenens, [[oeconomia]]m Venetiolanam stimulavit, praecipue in [[Theobroma cacao|fabis cacaonis]] cultis, quae principalis exportatio Venetiolana factae sunt.<ref>Arcila Farias 1946.</ref> Venetiolanos enim [[portus]] [[commercium|commercio]] exteriori aperuit. Unice in [[America Latina]], Venetiola coniunctiones mercatorias cum Europa per [[insula]]s [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannicas]] et [[Francia|Francicas]] in [[Mare Caribicum|Mari Caribico]] habebat. [[Caracae]], paene furtive sed omnino [[lex|legitime]], arx [[educatio|eruditionis]] factae sunt: ex anno [[1721]], suam [[universitas|universitatem]] habebat, quae [[lingua Latina|Latinam]], [[medicina]]m, [[ars ingeniaria|artemque ingeniariam]] docebat, praeter [[humanitates]]. [[Andreas Bello]], alumnus clarissimus, maximus [[polymathes]] [[America Australis|Americanus Australianus]] suae aetatis erat. In [[Municipalitas Chacao|Chacao]], [[oppidum|oppido]] ad [[oriens|orientem]] Caracarum sito, [[floruit]] [[schola]] [[musica]] cuius rector, [[Iosephus Angelus Lamas]], nonnullas [[compositio]]nes paucas secundum summos [[saeculum 18|saeculi duodevicensimi]] [[canon]]es produxit. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} *[[Caicara del Orinoco]]<!-- *[[Civilitas Venetiolae]]--> *[[Colonizatio Americae Hispanica]] *[[Decretum Carmonianum]] *[[Grandis Columbia]] *[[Historia Americae Latinae]] *[[Historia Americae Australis]] *[[Historia Americarum]] *[[Historia Columbiae]] *[[Impetus Civitatum Foederatarum in Venetiolam anni 2026]] *[[Novae Gades]] *[[Taima-Taima]] *[[Terrae motus Venetiolanus anni 2026]]<!-- *[[First Republic of Venezuela]] *[[German colonization of the Americas]] *[[List of presidents of Venezuela]] *[[Second Republic of Venezuela]]--> {{div col end}} ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== *Arcila Farias, Eduardo. [[1946]]. ''Economia colonicla de Venezuela.'' *Boeckh, Andreas, ed. [[2011]]. ''Venezuela heute: Politik—Wirtschaft—Kultur.'' Francofurti: Vervuert. ISBN 978-3-86527-489-2. *Araujo, Orlando. [[1971]]. ''Venezuela: Die Gewalt als Voraussetzung der Freiheit.'' Francofurti: Suhrkamp. *Brito Figueroa, Federico. [[1966]]. ''Historia economica y social de Venezuela.'' 2 vol. Caracis. *Gil Fortoul, José. [[1967]]. ''Historia constitucional de Venezuela.'' Ed. 5a. 2 vol. Caracis: Piñango. *Johnson, John J. [[1968]], [[1992]]. ''Simón Bolívar and Spanish American Independence 1783–1830.'' Malabar Floridae: Krieger Publishing. ISBN 0-89464-687-7. *Morón, Guillermo. [[1964]]. ''A History of Venezuela.'' Londinii. *Silverman Helaine, et William Isbell, eds. [[2008]]. ''Handbook of South American Archaeology.'' Impressio 2a, emendata. ISBN 978-0-387-74906-8. *Tarver Denova, Hollis Micheal [sic], et Julia C. Frederick. [[2005]]. ''The history of Venezuela.'' Westport Connecticutae: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-33525-7. *Zeuske, Michael. [[2008]]. ''Von Bolívar zu Chávez: Die Geschichte Venezuelas.'' Turici: Rotpunktverlag. ISBN 978-3-85869-313-6. ==Nexus externi== *Latin American Network Information Center. [http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/venezuela/#history ''Venezuela: History.''] Austin: University of Texas. [[Categoria:Historia Venetiolae|!]] {{Myrias|Historia}} 0zlj3u6s6pq2vaehio78fqmn5f5wgwo 0 270117 3967337 3641180 2026-06-30T08:11:07Z OrdinariusFingius 207519 3967337 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Guo Xu album dated 1503 (2).jpg|thumb|Shennon in [[pictura]] Guo Xu anno [[1503]] facta.]] [[Fasciculus:Shennong2.jpg|thumb|Shennong in [[pictura muralis|pictura murali]] e [[domus Han|domu Han]].]] [[Fasciculus:Huang Di.png|thumb|Tabula tribuum et gregum tribuum in Sinis antiquis. Tribus Shennongiana in [[occidens|occidente]] videtur.]] [[Fasciculus:Worship at the Great Temple of Shennong-Yandi in Suizhou, Hubei.jpg|thumb|Homines Shennong in magno [[templum|templo]] Yandi Shennong (炎帝神农大殿) [[Suizhou]] in urbe [[Hubei]]ana venerantur.]] '''Xinnungus'''<ref>[[Martinus Martinius|Martini Martinii]], ''Sinicae historiae decas prima : res a gentis origine ad Christum natum in extrema Asia, sive magno Sinarum imperio gestas complexa'', [https://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuView?url=/mpiwg/online/permanent/library/6R9MRSH6/pageimg&start=21&pn=28&mode=imagepath p. 24].</ref> sive Xinum ([[Mandarinice]] 神農, simpliciter 神农, [[pinyin]] ''Shénnóng,'' Wade-Giles ''Shen-nung'' vel ''Shen Nung''),<ref>Etiam 炎帝 '''Yándì''' '[[imperator]] Yan', '''Wugushen''' (五穀神 'deus quinque granorum' et 'deus quinque frumentorum'), et '''Wuguxiandi''' (五穀先帝 'prima deitas granorum quinque') appellatus.</ref> varie '[[deus|deum]]-[[agricola]]m' et 'deum [[agricultura]]e' et 'deum [[rus]]ticum' [[significatio (linguistica)|significans]], est [[deitas]] in [[religio Sinica|religione Sinica]], [[heros culturae]] et opinabilis [[Sinae|Sinarum]] [[praehistoria|praehistoricarum]] rector. [[Nomen proprium]] ''Shennong'' etiam eius populum attingere potest, qui Shennong-shi ([[Mandarinice]] 神農, [[pinyin]] ''Shénnóngshì'' 'gens Shennongiana') appellatur. Homines hodierni Shennong venerantur patrem [[medicina Sinica|medicinae Sinicae]], qui praeterea [[ars|artem]] [[stylostixis]] introduxisse putatur. Ergo Yàowáng (藥王 '[[rex]] medicinae') aliquando appellatur.<ref>Yang, An, et Turner 2005: 195.</ref> {{NexInt}} *[[Hoangtius]] *[[Scriptuta ossium oraculorum]], [[systema scripturae]] *[[Sima Qian]] *[[Yan Huang Zisun]] ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== *Bagley, Robert. [[1999]]. Shang Archaeology. In ''The Cambridge History of Ancient China,'' ed. Michael Loewe et Edward Shaughnessy. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. *Christie, Anthony. [[1968]], [[1975]]. ''Chinese Mythology.'' Felthamiae Londinii: Hamlyn Publishing. ISBN 0600006379. *Forbes, Andrew, et David Henley. [[2011]]. ''China's Ancient Tea Horse.'' Cognoscenti. *Liu, L., et H. Xiu. [[2007]]. Rethinking Erlitou: legend, history and Chinese archaeology. ''Antiquity'' 81(314): 886–901. *Wu, K. C. [[1981]]. ''The Chinese Heritage.'' Novi Eboraci: Crown. ISBN 051754475. *Unschuld, Paul U. [[1986]]. ''Medicine in China: A history of Pharmaceutics.'' Berkeleiae: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520050259. *Yang, Lihui, Deming An, et Jessica Anderson Turner. [[2005]]. ''Handbook of Chinese mythology.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195332636. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Shennong}} *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glSlm80ZYxo Statua Shennong in ZhuZhou.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081219144345/http://140.111.1.40:80/yitia/fra/fra04111.htm Variationes litterae ''nóng.''] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716215655/http://the-tea-site.com/shen-nong.php "Shen Nong and Tea."] [[Categoria:Agriculturalismus]] [[Categoria:Cultura Sinica]] [[Categoria:Gentes Sericae]] [[Categoria:Historia Sericae]] [[Categoria:Historia Sinarum]] [[Categoria:Mythologia Sinica]] [[Categoria:Numerologia]] [[Categoria:Taoismus]]<!-- [[Category:28th-century BC people]] [[Category:27th-century BC people]] [[Category:Guqin players]]--> ak36wnqbwkwdnj67kuxmji6xna9mmy5 3967338 3967337 2026-06-30T08:11:41Z OrdinariusFingius 207519 3967338 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Guo Xu album dated 1503 (2).jpg|thumb|Shennon in [[pictura]] Guo Xu anno [[1503]] facta.]] [[Fasciculus:Shennong2.jpg|thumb|Shennong in [[pictura muralis|pictura murali]] e [[domus Han|domu Han]].]] [[Fasciculus:Huang Di.png|thumb|Tabula tribuum et gregum tribuum in Sinis antiquis. Tribus Shennongiana in [[occidens|occidente]] videtur.]] [[Fasciculus:Worship at the Great Temple of Shennong-Yandi in Suizhou, Hubei.jpg|thumb|Homines Shennong in magno [[templum|templo]] Yandi Shennong (炎帝神农大殿) [[Suizhou]] in urbe [[Hubei]]ana venerantur.]] '''Xinnungus'''<ref>[[Martinus Martinius|Martini Martinii]], ''Sinicae historiae decas prima : res a gentis origine ad Christum natum in extrema Asia, sive magno Sinarum imperio gestas complexa'', [https://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuView?url=/mpiwg/online/permanent/library/6R9MRSH6/pageimg&start=21&pn=28&mode=imagepath p. 24].</ref> sive '''Xinum''' ([[Mandarinice]] 神農, simpliciter 神农, [[pinyin]] ''Shénnóng,'' Wade-Giles ''Shen-nung'' vel ''Shen Nung''),<ref>Etiam 炎帝 '''Yándì''' '[[imperator]] Yan', '''Wugushen''' (五穀神 'deus quinque granorum' et 'deus quinque frumentorum'), et '''Wuguxiandi''' (五穀先帝 'prima deitas granorum quinque') appellatus.</ref> varie '[[deus|deum]]-[[agricola]]m' et 'deum [[agricultura]]e' et 'deum [[rus]]ticum' [[significatio (linguistica)|significans]], est [[deitas]] in [[religio Sinica|religione Sinica]], [[heros culturae]] et opinabilis [[Sinae|Sinarum]] [[praehistoria|praehistoricarum]] rector. [[Nomen proprium]] ''Shennong'' etiam eius populum attingere potest, qui Shennong-shi ([[Mandarinice]] 神農, [[pinyin]] ''Shénnóngshì'' 'gens Shennongiana') appellatur. Homines hodierni Shennong venerantur patrem [[medicina Sinica|medicinae Sinicae]], qui praeterea [[ars|artem]] [[stylostixis]] introduxisse putatur. Ergo Yàowáng (藥王 '[[rex]] medicinae') aliquando appellatur.<ref>Yang, An, et Turner 2005: 195.</ref> {{NexInt}} *[[Hoangtius]] *[[Scriptuta ossium oraculorum]], [[systema scripturae]] *[[Sima Qian]] *[[Yan Huang Zisun]] ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== *Bagley, Robert. [[1999]]. Shang Archaeology. In ''The Cambridge History of Ancient China,'' ed. Michael Loewe et Edward Shaughnessy. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. *Christie, Anthony. [[1968]], [[1975]]. ''Chinese Mythology.'' Felthamiae Londinii: Hamlyn Publishing. ISBN 0600006379. *Forbes, Andrew, et David Henley. [[2011]]. ''China's Ancient Tea Horse.'' Cognoscenti. *Liu, L., et H. Xiu. [[2007]]. Rethinking Erlitou: legend, history and Chinese archaeology. ''Antiquity'' 81(314): 886–901. *Wu, K. C. [[1981]]. ''The Chinese Heritage.'' Novi Eboraci: Crown. ISBN 051754475. *Unschuld, Paul U. [[1986]]. ''Medicine in China: A history of Pharmaceutics.'' Berkeleiae: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520050259. *Yang, Lihui, Deming An, et Jessica Anderson Turner. [[2005]]. ''Handbook of Chinese mythology.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195332636. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Shennong}} *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glSlm80ZYxo Statua Shennong in ZhuZhou.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081219144345/http://140.111.1.40:80/yitia/fra/fra04111.htm Variationes litterae ''nóng.''] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716215655/http://the-tea-site.com/shen-nong.php "Shen Nong and Tea."] [[Categoria:Agriculturalismus]] [[Categoria:Cultura Sinica]] [[Categoria:Gentes Sericae]] [[Categoria:Historia Sericae]] [[Categoria:Historia Sinarum]] [[Categoria:Mythologia Sinica]] [[Categoria:Numerologia]] [[Categoria:Taoismus]]<!-- [[Category:28th-century BC people]] [[Category:27th-century BC people]] [[Category:Guqin players]]--> i7buii5l20um4zs5w7irxpsgpy3ai8v 3967340 3967338 2026-06-30T11:15:20Z IacobusAmor 1163 Mos vicipaedianus 3967340 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Guo Xu album dated 1503 (2).jpg|thumb|Xinnungus in [[pictura]] in libro Guo Xu anno [[1503]] facta.]] [[Fasciculus:Shennong2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Xinnungus in [[pictura muralis|pictura murali]] e [[domus Han|domu Han]].]] [[Fasciculus:Huang Di.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Tabula tribuum et gregum tribuum in Sinis antiquis. Tribus Xinnungiana in [[occidens|occidente]] videtur.]] [[Fasciculus:Worship at the Great Temple of Shennong-Yandi in Suizhou, Hubei.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Homines Xinnungum in magno [[templum|templo]] Yandi Shennong (炎帝神农大殿) [[Suizhou]] in [[urbs|urbe]] [[Hubei]]ana venerantur.]] '''Xinnungus'''<ref>[[Martinus Martinius|Martini Martinii]], ''Sinicae historiae decas prima: res a gentis origine ad Christum natum in extrema Asia, sive magno Sinarum imperio gestas complexa,'' [https://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuView?url=/mpiwg/online/permanent/library/6R9MRSH6/pageimg&start=21&pn=28&mode=imagepath p. 24].</ref> ([[Mandarinice]] 神農, simpliciter 神农, [[pinyin]] ''Shénnóng,'' Wade-Giles ''Shen-nung'' vel ''Shen Nung''),<ref>Etiam 炎帝 ''Yándì'' '[[imperator]] Yan', ''Wugushen'' (五穀神 'deus quinque granorum' et 'deus quinque frumentorum'), et ''Wuguxiandi'' (五穀先帝 'prima granorum quinque deitas') appellatus.</ref> varie '[[deus|deum]]-[[agricola]]m' et 'deum [[agricultura]]e' et 'deum [[rus]]ticum' [[significatio (linguistica)|significans]], in [[religio Sinica|religione Sinica]] est [[deitas]] vel [[heros culturae]] et opinabilis [[Sinae|Sinarum]] [[praehistoria|praehistoricarum]] rector. ''Xinnungus,'' [[nomen proprium]], etiam eius [[populus|populum]] attingere potest, qui Xinnungi-si ([[Mandarinice]] 神農, [[pinyin]] ''Shénnóngshì'' '[[gens]] Xingunniana') appellatur. Homines hodierni Xinnungum venerantur patrem [[medicina Sinica|medicinae Sinicae]], qui praeterea [[ars|artem]] [[stylostixis]] introduxisse putatur. Ergo Yàowáng (藥王 '[[rex]] medicinae') aliquando appellatur.<ref>Yang, An, et Turner 2005: 195.</ref> {{NexInt}} *[[Hoangtius]] *[[Scriptuta ossium oraculorum]], [[systema scripturae]] *[[Sima Qian]] *[[Yan Huang Zisun]] ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== *Bagley, Robert. [[1999]]. "Shang Archaeology." In ''The Cambridge History of Ancient China,'' ed. Michael Loewe et Edward Shaughnessy. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. *Christie, Anthony. [[1968]], [[1975]]. ''Chinese Mythology.'' Felthamiae Londinii: Hamlyn Publishing. ISBN 0600006379. *Forbes, Andrew, et David Henley. [[2011]]. ''China's Ancient Tea Horse.'' Cognoscenti. *Liu, L., et H. Xiu. [[2007]]. "Rethinking Erlitou: legend, history and Chinese archaeology." ''Antiquity'' 81 (314): 886–901. *Unschuld, Paul U. [[1986]]. ''Medicine in China: A history of Pharmaceutics.'' Berkeleiae: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520050259. *Wu, K. C. [[1981]]. ''The Chinese Heritage.'' Novi Eboraci: Crown. ISBN 051754475. *Yang, Lihui, Deming An, et Jessica Anderson Turner. [[2005]]. ''Handbook of Chinese mythology.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195332636. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Shennong|Xinnungum}} *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glSlm80ZYxo Statua Xinnungi apud ZhuZhou.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081219144345/http://140.111.1.40:80/yitia/fra/fra04111.htm Variationes litterae ''nóng.''] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716215655/http://the-tea-site.com/shen-nong.php "Shen Nong and Tea."] [[Categoria:Agriculturalismus]] [[Categoria:Cultura Sinica]] [[Categoria:Gentes Sericae]] [[Categoria:Historia Sericae]] [[Categoria:Historia Sinarum]] [[Categoria:Mythologia Sinica]] [[Categoria:Numerologia]] [[Categoria:Taoismus]]<!-- [[Category:28th-century BC people]] [[Category:27th-century BC people]] [[Category:Guqin players]]--> i5kpzg8z8aa5tzkmn0t7mjwc27aa18z 0 274697 3967284 3967237 2026-06-29T12:39:49Z IacobusAmor 1163 Notae 3967284 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Textus correctus a Claude.ai: Emendationes grammaticae et orthographicae textus originalis de Antiquis ex opere televisifico "Stargate". Correctiones incluserunt casus, genera, numeros, et syntaxin Latinam appropriatam. --> {{Latinitas|-5}} In '''Antiqui'''{{dubsig}} (in sua lingua ''Anquietas'') sunt [[Species (taxinomia)|genus]] humanoidum in [[Stargate (series)|''Stargate'']] fictione. Hoc nomine in [[Via lactea|Via Lactea]] noti sunt, dum '''Maiores''' et '''Lantiani''' in Pegasi galaxia appellantur. Antiqui sunt una ex duabus partibus Alteranorum; altera est Ori, qui in ''[[Stargate SG-1]]'' posterius apparent. In ''Stargate'' universo, Antiqui sunt species maxime technologice progressa omnium notarum. Antiqui per decem milia annorum evolverunt et ad progressum [[Technologia|technologicum]] multo ante [[Gens humana|homines]] in [[Tellus (planeta)|Tellure]] pervenerunt. In Via Lactea et Pegasi galaxiis ante ascensionem habitaverunt. Notissimi sunt quod [[Stargate (machina)|Portas Stellares]] construxerunt; magnos anulos qui [[Foramen vermis|vermium foramina]] ad iter faciendum creant. Portae Stellares communiter a Terrae hominibus, [[Goa'uld|Goa'uldis]] et [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Wraith]] in ''Stargate'' seriebus televisificis ad Viam Lacteam et Pegasum explorandas utuntur. == Historia == === In Antiquis et Ori === Multis abhinc milibus annorum, prima hominum species ex evolutione orta, quae Alterani appellabantur (a [[Lingua Latina|Latinis]] ''alteri'', "alii", dicti, quamquam in canone ex Antiqua lingua ipsorum proficiscuntur), in longinqua et ignota galaxia vixerunt, dum gradatim ad ascensionem per evolutionem progrediebantur. Tempore procedente, hi, qui postea Ori atque Antiqui sunt vocati, in una societate morabantur neque inter se distinguebantur. Verum, exorta est dissensio philosophica. Progressu temporis, Ori in religione sua vehementius exarserunt, dum Antiqui potius scientiae favere coeperunt. Tandem adeo sententiae discrepabant, ut in duas factiones scissi inter se pugnare inciperent, quod in Oriorum conatu Antiquos delendi summum fastigium attigit. Proelium fugientes, Antiqui maluerunt galaxiam suam deserere novamque sedem quaerere. Ori autem, eorum discessu ad suos usus verso, in Libro Originis narraverunt Antiquos in monte infesto malum continuisse, quod, monte collapsu, sepultum esse.<ref name="The Fourth Horseman">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fourth_Horseman_(Stargate_SG-1) The Fourth Horseman]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Multo post tempore, teste Daniele Jackson, creditur Antiquos milia annorum post "magnum cingulum stellarum" invenisse, "Auallonia" (Via Lactea) dictum, ubi imperium suum condiderunt. Ibidem etiam ''Astria Porta'' construxerunt, quae per totam Viam Lacteam distributae sunt.<ref name="Avalon">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalon_(Stargate_SG-1) Avalon]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Insuper, Antiqui "naves seminales" miserunt, quibus Stargates ad alias galaxias disseminarent. Post eas missa est navis ''Fati'', quae in [[Cosmica radiatio micrometrica primordialis|Cosmica Radiatio Micrometrica Primordialis]] (Stargate Universi) exemplum ulterius investigaret. Inter planetas quos Antiqui inhabuerunt, erat Terra, quae ipsa ''Terra'' appellatur. Conditio Terrae in imperio Antiquorum ignota manet. Quoniam autem iste orbis primam Stargate habuit, postea in [[Antarctica]] reperta a [[Stargate SG-1|SG-1]], semper adfuisse videtur. Etiam cum genus humanum secundum in Terra denuo evolveretur, Terra fortasse inter vetustissimos planetas huius galaxiae fuit, si non vetustissimus.<ref name="Frozen">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_(Stargate_SG-1) Frozen]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Porro, cum oratio novem-chevron navis Fati solum a Terra (quasi ex loco originis) dari posset, licet Stargate ibi clausus esset, constat Terram maximi fuisse ponderis, fortasse etiam caput imperii. Praeterea, olim ibi fuit una e magnis Urbibus Navibus Antiquorum, Atlantis, quae postea in Pegasi Galaxiam translata est, unde, post cladem per [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Wraith]] illatam, Antiqui ad Terram reversi sunt.<ref name="Rising">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rising_(Stargate_Atlantis) Rising]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Inter ceteros planetas notos sunt Praclarush Taonas,<ref name="Lost City">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_City_(Stargate_SG-1) Lost City]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Dakara,<ref name="Reckoning">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reckoning_(Stargate_SG-1) Reckoning]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> et Valos Cor.<ref name="The Pegasus Project">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pegasus_Project_(Stargate_SG-1) The Pegasus Project]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Quamquam in aliam galaxiam exulati, Antiqui cum suis fratribus remotis, Oribus, tamen aliquamdiu communicaverunt, quod ex inventione machinationis, quae cogitationes per ingentem spatium transmittebat, patet, tum in Via Lactea tum in eorum galaxia.<ref name="Origin">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_(Stargate_SG-1) Origin]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Nihilominus, duae partes hostes acerrimae permanserunt. Tandem, Antiqui peste terribili perierunt, quae magnam partem culturae in Via Lactea ab eis aedificatae delevit.<ref name="Window of Opportunity">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_of_Opportunity_(Stargate_SG-1) Window of Opportunity]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Postea repertum est hanc pestem morbo similem esse quem Ori Priores in non credentes immittere solerent, unde Daniel Jackson coniecit Orios, antequam ascenderent, huius pestilentiae auctores fuisse.<ref name="The Powers That Be">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Powers_That_Be_(Stargate_SG-1) The Powers That Be]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Nonnulli Antiqui, tempore quodam iter in praeteritum facere conati, pestem fugere frustra temptaverunt. Multi alii, Via Lactea relicta, iter in Pegasi Galaxiam fecerunt. Creditur eos, qui in Via Lactea manserunt, aut ascendisse aut mortuos esse. Tamen Anubis narravit Antiquos vitam in Via Lactea, post pestem, rursus excitare voluisse instrumento Dakara Superweapon, quo facto, genus humanum in Terra postea effloruisset.<ref name="Threads">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threads_(Stargate_SG-1) Threads]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> === Pegasus Galaxia === Abhinc inter quinque et decem miliones annorum, nonnulli Antiqui e Terra recesserunt in navem suam, magnitudine civitatis, nomine "Atlantis," quae illo tempore in continente Antarctica posita erat. Causa discessionis eorum ignota manet, quamquam Daniel Jackson suspicatur eos, velut ceteros, effugisse pestem quae tum civilitatem eorum ad internecionem propellere videbatur. Alter ex Antiquis (a quibusdam investigatoribus postea "Ayiana" appellatus, quia in Antarctica perfecte conservatus inventus est) remansit. Cum Ayiana ipsa pestilentia Antiquorum infecta esset et, reviviscens, superesse visa sit, creditur hoc opinionem Jacksonianam confirmare. Postquam Antiqui in Pegasus Galaxiam pervenerunt, in tellure "Lantea" consederunt, seque "Lanteani" nominaverunt<ref name="The Defiant One">[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Defiant_One%23ep12 The Defiant One] ([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis_(season_1) Stargate Atlantis (season 1)])</ref>; nonnumquam etiam "Atlantei" appellati sunt a sociis Expeditionis Atlantis, qui et ipsi interdum ab incolis Pegasus "Atlantei" vocitantur. Cum initialiter incolarum rationalium vacuum videretur, Antiqui homines per novam galaxiam diffuserunt et Stargates disperserunt, novos planetas tutantes atque interdum habitantes, suam veram identitatem plerumque celantes. Homines a Lanteanis originem ducere se credebant eosque "Maiores" appellabant. Tandem offensi sunt organismo leech simili, "[[Wraith (species ficticia)|Iratus]]" dicto, quod eximia facultate sanandi et immunologica pollebat. Pascendo hominibus (atque per incrementa evolutionis) illud genus notitias geneticas ex eisdem assumpsit et sensim in lamia-similes [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Wraith]] evasit.<ref name="Instinct">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instinct_(Stargate_Atlantis) Instinct]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Etsi modus evolutionis eorum non plane clarus est, tamen Antiqui confessi sunt se quendam aditum praebuisse quo species illa oriri potuerit.<ref name="The Return">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Return_(Stargate_Atlantis) The Return]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Wraith, longissimo tempore progressi, societatem provectam sed violentam condiderunt, quod eorum ferox indoles atque pugnax animus cum immensa multitudine hominum coniunctus eos formidabiles adversarios effecit. Antiqui, cum primum Wraith conscios reperissent, sociam quandam legationem illuc miserunt, sed illae naves fraude oppressae et destructae sunt. Inde bellum coepit inter Antiquos et Wraith, et quamvis Antiqui scientia atque arte multo superiores essent, sola multitudine Wraith eos superaverunt. Post bellum per saecula actum, Wraith universos planetas Pegasus Galaxiae expugnaverunt nisi unam urbem arcemque eorum, Atlantis, cuius scuto potentissimo protegebatur. Antiqui Wraith impetus per complura saecula arcere potuerunt, sed tandem, defessis viribus, intra urbem se concluserunt et, cum scirent diutius obsidionem non posse sustinere, decreverunt se ex Pegasus Galaxia discessuros. Ultimis temporibus conati sunt desperatione magis audacia consilia adhibere, ut "Projectum Arcturus," qua inefficaciter nisus sunt nullam puncti industriam e natura rerum extrahere, sed calamitatem effecerunt, planeta Doranda una cum multis Antiquis everso.<ref name="Trinity">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_(Stargate_Atlantis) Trinity]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Paraverunt etiam nanita, quae Wraith in ipso cellularum gradu exstinguerent, his datis codicibus ferocibus quibus Wraith necari possent. Eadem nanita, in speciem humanam mutata, genus Asuranum creaverunt. Quamvis Antiqui eorum ferocitatem ex programmate tollere niterentur, cum intellexissent Asuranos numquam fideles fore, eos prope exstinxerunt. Ne tamen omnem memoriam eorum delerent, Antiqui in Atlantis indicia Asuranorum delevisse referuntur, excepta eorum porta stellari. Paucissimi naniti superfuerunt, qui, secunda evolutio facta, novam Asuranorum societatem iterum excitaverunt.<ref name="Progeny">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progeny_(Stargate_Atlantis) Progeny]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Creditur Asurani etiam nano-virus creavisse, quo genus humanum occiderent, sperantes Wraith cibariorum inopia vexari. Huiusce morbi exemplum, quod homines in hallucinationes agit et denique aneurysma cerebri generat, in laboratorio Atlantis reperiebatur. Ianus, quidam scientiarum peritus Antiquus, etiam instrumentum condidit "Attero" dictum, quod certa subspatii frequentia emissum naves Wraith in hyper-spatium intrare conantes frangeret. Demum, cum eadem frequentia explosiones in Stargates activis excitaret, illud consilium interdictum atque iussum est destruendum; Ianus autem, neglegentia officii, id non perfecit. Antiqui quoque rationes excogitaverunt, quibus se vel alios ad ascensionem celerius perducerent. Ante bellum ultimam desperationem attingeret, in quodam planeta hospitali, partem eius intra tempus-dilatationis agrum clauserunt, quo ibi degentes ad meditandum se conferrent in spem ascensionis, dum reliqua regio Wraith infestaretur.<ref name="Epiphany">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_(Stargate_Atlantis) Epiphany]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> In Atlantis quoque machinam "DNA Resequencer" exstruxerunt, qua hominum DNA ita mutaretur, ut ascendendi partes physiologicas expleret, sed varii exitus ex hoc incepto secuti sunt.<ref name="Tao of Rodney">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao_of_Rodney_(Stargate_Atlantis) Tao of Rodney]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Denique, intellecta belli fortuna adversa, qui nondum ascenderant Antiqui decreverunt ad Terram reverti, ubi olim per miliones annorum habitaverant. Dum profectionem parabant, Dr. Elizabeth Weir ex futuro in "Desultore" mutato apparuit. Summus Concilium Atlantis, ne historia plus turbaretur, Ianum, qui machinam illam construxerat, iussit memoriam eius corrumpere. Praeterea, Weir oblata est facultas cum Antiquis ad Terram redire; at illa in tempus suum redire non potuit. Ianus, tamen, ut urbem servaret, trium ZPMs seriem ita instituit, ut Weir postea in stasi cyclo eas regereret. Antiqui ergo urbem per Stargate deseruerunt, sperantes posteros suos tandem inventuros.<ref name="Before I Sleep">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Before_I_Sleep_(Stargate_Atlantis) Before I Sleep]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Nonnulli, qui in Pegasus Galaxia relictis fortunis manserunt, reliquam vitam cum hominibus degere aut ascendere potuerunt. Saltem unum coetum trium hominum conatum esse dicunt ad Terram reverti, cum navis eorum hyperpropulsione deleta esset, sublux vectura celeritatem lucis prope attingente (99.9%) usi, sed eorum eventus incertus permanet. === Redire ad lacteum === Post Antiquis reversus est in Terram, et invenitur tantum dura environment et primitiva habitatores. Creditum est, quod non erat spes restituendi eorum priores cultu. Sic et expandi ad longinqua terrarum et adiuvetur ut frequentare eos. Alii, esset abire in tellure per Stargate sita in Antarctica, forte quaerens vivere diebus eorum in remotis mundi in Via Lactea. Reliquum elegit solitudo, in qua ad meditandum et quaerere fractal. Hoc tandem ducunt ad spiritualem ascensionem aliqua. Illis Antiquis, qui mansit in Terra, et interbred cum homines pertransiit, in Antiquis Technicae Actus gene quippe homines de Terra, sicut eorum "Secundo Evolutione" tam dare, cultus ad homines. Sunt etiam laicorum culturae fundamenta per viam Indo-Europaeae linguae. Per hoc culturae et linguae hereditatem multi Romani fabulis erant etiam permoti Antiquis, ut fabula "Antiqua sunt, ascendit ad Caelos". Secundum fabularis, Romanos didicit quam aedificare itineribus "Antiqua Sunt," in imitationis "astria porta" constructum est ab antiquis.<ref name="The Fifth Race">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fifth_Race_(Stargate_SG-1) The Fifth Race]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Etenim, Daniel Jackson postea determinatur, quod Antiqua lingua quadam confusa similitudo [[Lingua Latina archaica|Vetus latina]]. Hoc erat primum inventa, cum Colonellus O'Neill totum database est Antiqua reconditorium scientia molestie in eius cerebro, post quam factus est impotens loquendo nihil aliud est, quam in Antiquis' lingua. Hanc vitalem intelligentiam, Dr. Jackson comparatur prius indecipherable Antiqua scripta, cum Vetus latina, factoring in millenniis de linguae egisse, et tandem potest producere eget translationibus multum. Post duos annos, Terra et a sinu circa spatium factus capti in repetita tempus ansa causatur a confusi sunt Antiqua tempus tellus. Tantum, O'Neill et Teal'c non erant afficitur, quia illi stabant iuxta consilium cum ansa coepit. Cum Dr. Jackson vulneribus ansam veniat, et non ad studium tempus tellus scriptis penitus ante eius memoria erat reset, solum electio erat enim, O'Neill et Teal'c discere Vetus latina/Antiqua lingua a Dr. Jackson in incrementum, gradus, usque dum didicit satis est reperire in natura fabrica. In Arthurian Fabulae erant etiam ostensum est moveri ab Antiquis, praesertim Antiquis Myrddin/[[Merlinus]], (dictus Moros, in Atlantis, ubi ipse virens Concilium ante Ascensionem), qui apparuit ascenderunt post reditum ex Atlantis, sed postea de-ascendit se ad creare telum qui potest perdere ascendit entia, quae speravit esset usus contra Ori. Merlini factus est Arthur' veneficus consiliarius in fabulae, et telum ipse succrevit factus est Sangraal vel Sancti Grail. Ipse etiam commissa sua secreta parva coetus nobiles, quae constabat ex [[Arthurus (rex)|Arthurus]] et Equites de [[Mensa Rotunda]]<ref name="Camelot">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelot_(Stargate_SG-1) Camelot]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Quidam ex Antiquis, scilicet qui reliquit Terram, posuit in Societatem Quatuor Magna Gentibus possidet in se, Nox, Furlings et Asgard. Simul, qui creavit "verum" universalis lingua. Secundum scripta inventa in Heliopolis, hoc morsus duravit saecula.<ref name="The Torment of Tantalus">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Torment_of_Tantalus_(Stargate_SG-1) The Torment of Tantalus]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> === Recenti historia === Post Antiquis' ascension et permansit opponere eorum priores nemesi, Ori, qui etiam pervenit Fractal. Quamvis duae factiones erant deadlocked in fortitudine, Ori adhuc flectitur in perditione in Antiquis, et semel, et pro omnibus. In Antiquis probabiliter outnumbered et Ori, ut in agmine ascendit Ori non erant swelled per novum ascendants, potius se maluit hoard industria et ex sua mortali cultores, fossura potentia, ex hoc secundo evolutione hominis creavit, in suo galaxia colligere satis viribus, tandem, impetum in Antiquis. In responsione, in Antiquis elegit abscondere sua secunda evolutione creavit in Lactea Via ab Ori cum sola causa protegens Via Lactea homines esse coerced in magnis religiosam servitutem Ori, et sic usus est, ut a resource pro Ori ad talem se. Ad hunc finem etiam fortasse adducti consociationis [[ignis]], centralis icon Ori religio, cum daemonum simulacri. Adhuc, et noluit accipere directa actio propter suum stricte sui impositarum edictum sui determinationem. est etiam verisimile est, quod in Antiquis cognovit lubrico fastigio adjectio ad posse per viam cultus `Demittit` et intelligi, quod erat periculum, in hoc fiducia, dans Ori et postea Adria infirmitate non obstante `Deus`, sicut virtutes. Plures sunt exempla "demittit" orans et gratias agens est Antiquis/Maiores in Pegasus Galaxia. Ut "Turrim", etiam Antiquis exul in tellure, ubi populus adorare ei, ut "Athar" ''[[Stargate Atlantis]]'' episode, "Sanctuary." Primo ascendit esse semper congressi per Tau'ri erat Oma Desala, cum [[Stargate SG-1|SG-1]] pervenit in tellure Kheb in eorum quaerere Shifu, iuvenis filius Apophis et Sha're. In suis manere, dolor inventa a [[Buddhismus|Buddhist templum]], ubi unus monachus apparuit mansionem. Monachus locutus est in riddles, sed locutus est de ente dicitur ''Oma Desala'', nomen Daniel Jackson interpretatur "Naturae". Tandem, cum quadrigis parabat ad defendendum templum ex pluribus Jaffa bellatores, Daniel inventa non corporali esse viventem in Kheb.<ref name="Maternal Instinct">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_Instinct_(Stargate_SG-1) Maternal Instinct]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Ipse tandem formavit alio vinculo cum Oma Desala, qui etiam auxiliatus est ei, ut ascendat in bis.<ref name="Meridian">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian_(Stargate_SG-1) Meridian]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Tribus post annis, Antiqua mulier, Ayiana, inventus gelida in Antarctica prope location of Antarctica Stargate. Illa revixit se cum acris, sed erat adhuc infectus peste, et mortuus est, lassus ex sanitatem SG-1, et alii ex Plaga. Videtur, esset relictus, in Antiquis quartus in Antarctica, portans in plaga, cum Atlantis reliqui Pegasus Galaxia. Cum Aurora genus fidelitas esset denudatum ab Daedalus, inter Pegasus et Via Lactea galaxia, in turba adhuc viveret. Ut navis erat permensus inter-galactic spatia inter Pegasus et Via Lactea Galaxies, prope [[Celeritas lucis|lucis celeritate]], nautas, nisi expertus, a paucis annis, quia tempus dilatationem effectum prope celeritas lucis iter, cum decedere Atlantis. Post cognita est, quod Atlantis superfuerant in Wraith, reposcis civitatem. Cum Asurans reversus est, et cepit civitatem, omnibus reliquis Antiquis erant. Post Daniel Jackson, et Vala Mal Doran imprudenter alerted Ori ad existentiam alius galaxia repleti homines, incipiens Ori incursio de Lactea Via, milia hominum erant conversi ad gravis Ori religio, pascens eos tantum magis potentia. Secundum Ori se, totam conversionem in Via Lactea, forte det illis satis vires perdere in Antiquis quondam peregrinus erat. Adhuc, maxime in Antiquis noluit intercedere, quamvis suum esse, est comminatus. Exceptiones etiam Morgan le Fey et Merlini. [[Stargate SG-1|SG-1]] tandem inventa Merlinus in stasis intra spelunca, in planeta sterilis. Erat et revixit per ipsum, et adiuuarent eos cum construens Sangraal, telum haberet disposuerat ad pugnam Ori. Quamvis ille ante mortuus potuit perficere consilium, ipse molestie necessaria notitia in a Armarium Scientiae.<ref name="The Quest">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quest_(Stargate_SG-1) The Quest]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Tandem, cum Sangraal erat completum, est Antiquis non intercedere divulgationem et licet ire ad Ori galaxia. In Sangraal fecit officium suum, et perdidit, quamvis Daniel Jackson, inquit, melius translationem esset "tollens ex vel neutralized", Ori.<ref name="Line in the Sand">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_in_the_Sand_(Stargate_SG-1) Line in the Sand]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Adria, de facto dux Ori exercitu ascendit, accipiens in plena pallio defunctorum Ori. Cum homines de Lactea Via, iter ad Ori galaxia, et reperta in Arca Veritatis, Adria virtus erat signanter reducitur, cum Arca solebat "ostendo" verum ad Doci, et postea omnes Priors in domum suam, galaxia, quae posset Morgan, qui fuit exul ab Aliis, ad dimicandum Adria in aeternum bellum. == Lingua et scribendi ratio == [[Fasciculus:Ancient_alpahabet.png|thumb|Scriptum et numeralis ratio de Antiquis.]] In Antiquis' [[lingua]] est praecursor [[Lingua Latina|latine]], sed tamen est distincta. Multa sunt similitudines inter duas linguas, et aliquis cum honestam scientiam linguae latinae, ut, dato tempore et usu, posse intelligere, Antiqua ut. In Antiqua lingua et scribendi ratio est quoque adsuesco assuesco per Ori , et eorum imitatores, qui in eadem ancestry. Cum [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Wraiths]] creata sunt ab [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Iratus]] absorbuit Antiqua [[DNA]], Wraiths' lingua esse videtur inde Antiqua lingua, et duo eadem scribendi ratio. In Wraiths' lingua est ergo relative facilis ad transferendum a peritis Antiquis oratoribus.<ref name="The Gift">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gift_(Stargate_Atlantis) The Gift]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> == Persona == Quamquam pleraque ex Antiquis perventum ad ascensionem diu ante aurora tempor nisl in Terra, Tau'ri venit in contactum cum Antiquis pluries, tum ascendit, et corporali forma. Maxime corporali Antiquis erant congressi in Pegasus Galaxia, ubi eorum imperio, concidisse, nisi quidam 10,000 annis. Item, quidam Antiquis auxiliatus homines in inferioribus planis esse ascendere, sicut Oma Desala auxiliatus Daniel Jackson. ==Notae== <references/> == Nexus externi == * [http://stargate.wikia.com/wiki/Ancients The Ancients] at ''Stargate'' Wiki * [http://www.stargate-sg1-solutions.com/wiki/Ancients The Ancients] at ''Stargate'' Wiki * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130127061001/http://gateworld.net/omnipedia/races/links/ancients.shtml The Ancients] at GateWorld Omnipedia * [[iarchive:Matthaeum-AncientTextStargate|"The Gospel of Matthew, translated into 'Ancient'"]] at Archive.org [[Categoria:Species e Stargate]] 4f7daizmjjnlanccbq5o29qjeh9og11 3967285 3967284 2026-06-29T12:40:22Z IacobusAmor 1163 IacobusAmor movit paginam [[Antiquitas (Stargate)]] ad [[Antiqui]]: Lemma (mos vicipaedianus) 3967284 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Textus correctus a Claude.ai: Emendationes grammaticae et orthographicae textus originalis de Antiquis ex opere televisifico "Stargate". Correctiones incluserunt casus, genera, numeros, et syntaxin Latinam appropriatam. --> {{Latinitas|-5}} In '''Antiqui'''{{dubsig}} (in sua lingua ''Anquietas'') sunt [[Species (taxinomia)|genus]] humanoidum in [[Stargate (series)|''Stargate'']] fictione. Hoc nomine in [[Via lactea|Via Lactea]] noti sunt, dum '''Maiores''' et '''Lantiani''' in Pegasi galaxia appellantur. Antiqui sunt una ex duabus partibus Alteranorum; altera est Ori, qui in ''[[Stargate SG-1]]'' posterius apparent. In ''Stargate'' universo, Antiqui sunt species maxime technologice progressa omnium notarum. Antiqui per decem milia annorum evolverunt et ad progressum [[Technologia|technologicum]] multo ante [[Gens humana|homines]] in [[Tellus (planeta)|Tellure]] pervenerunt. In Via Lactea et Pegasi galaxiis ante ascensionem habitaverunt. Notissimi sunt quod [[Stargate (machina)|Portas Stellares]] construxerunt; magnos anulos qui [[Foramen vermis|vermium foramina]] ad iter faciendum creant. Portae Stellares communiter a Terrae hominibus, [[Goa'uld|Goa'uldis]] et [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Wraith]] in ''Stargate'' seriebus televisificis ad Viam Lacteam et Pegasum explorandas utuntur. == Historia == === In Antiquis et Ori === Multis abhinc milibus annorum, prima hominum species ex evolutione orta, quae Alterani appellabantur (a [[Lingua Latina|Latinis]] ''alteri'', "alii", dicti, quamquam in canone ex Antiqua lingua ipsorum proficiscuntur), in longinqua et ignota galaxia vixerunt, dum gradatim ad ascensionem per evolutionem progrediebantur. Tempore procedente, hi, qui postea Ori atque Antiqui sunt vocati, in una societate morabantur neque inter se distinguebantur. Verum, exorta est dissensio philosophica. Progressu temporis, Ori in religione sua vehementius exarserunt, dum Antiqui potius scientiae favere coeperunt. Tandem adeo sententiae discrepabant, ut in duas factiones scissi inter se pugnare inciperent, quod in Oriorum conatu Antiquos delendi summum fastigium attigit. Proelium fugientes, Antiqui maluerunt galaxiam suam deserere novamque sedem quaerere. Ori autem, eorum discessu ad suos usus verso, in Libro Originis narraverunt Antiquos in monte infesto malum continuisse, quod, monte collapsu, sepultum esse.<ref name="The Fourth Horseman">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fourth_Horseman_(Stargate_SG-1) The Fourth Horseman]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Multo post tempore, teste Daniele Jackson, creditur Antiquos milia annorum post "magnum cingulum stellarum" invenisse, "Auallonia" (Via Lactea) dictum, ubi imperium suum condiderunt. Ibidem etiam ''Astria Porta'' construxerunt, quae per totam Viam Lacteam distributae sunt.<ref name="Avalon">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalon_(Stargate_SG-1) Avalon]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Insuper, Antiqui "naves seminales" miserunt, quibus Stargates ad alias galaxias disseminarent. Post eas missa est navis ''Fati'', quae in [[Cosmica radiatio micrometrica primordialis|Cosmica Radiatio Micrometrica Primordialis]] (Stargate Universi) exemplum ulterius investigaret. Inter planetas quos Antiqui inhabuerunt, erat Terra, quae ipsa ''Terra'' appellatur. Conditio Terrae in imperio Antiquorum ignota manet. Quoniam autem iste orbis primam Stargate habuit, postea in [[Antarctica]] reperta a [[Stargate SG-1|SG-1]], semper adfuisse videtur. Etiam cum genus humanum secundum in Terra denuo evolveretur, Terra fortasse inter vetustissimos planetas huius galaxiae fuit, si non vetustissimus.<ref name="Frozen">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_(Stargate_SG-1) Frozen]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Porro, cum oratio novem-chevron navis Fati solum a Terra (quasi ex loco originis) dari posset, licet Stargate ibi clausus esset, constat Terram maximi fuisse ponderis, fortasse etiam caput imperii. Praeterea, olim ibi fuit una e magnis Urbibus Navibus Antiquorum, Atlantis, quae postea in Pegasi Galaxiam translata est, unde, post cladem per [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Wraith]] illatam, Antiqui ad Terram reversi sunt.<ref name="Rising">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rising_(Stargate_Atlantis) Rising]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Inter ceteros planetas notos sunt Praclarush Taonas,<ref name="Lost City">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_City_(Stargate_SG-1) Lost City]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Dakara,<ref name="Reckoning">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reckoning_(Stargate_SG-1) Reckoning]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> et Valos Cor.<ref name="The Pegasus Project">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pegasus_Project_(Stargate_SG-1) The Pegasus Project]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Quamquam in aliam galaxiam exulati, Antiqui cum suis fratribus remotis, Oribus, tamen aliquamdiu communicaverunt, quod ex inventione machinationis, quae cogitationes per ingentem spatium transmittebat, patet, tum in Via Lactea tum in eorum galaxia.<ref name="Origin">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_(Stargate_SG-1) Origin]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Nihilominus, duae partes hostes acerrimae permanserunt. Tandem, Antiqui peste terribili perierunt, quae magnam partem culturae in Via Lactea ab eis aedificatae delevit.<ref name="Window of Opportunity">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_of_Opportunity_(Stargate_SG-1) Window of Opportunity]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Postea repertum est hanc pestem morbo similem esse quem Ori Priores in non credentes immittere solerent, unde Daniel Jackson coniecit Orios, antequam ascenderent, huius pestilentiae auctores fuisse.<ref name="The Powers That Be">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Powers_That_Be_(Stargate_SG-1) The Powers That Be]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Nonnulli Antiqui, tempore quodam iter in praeteritum facere conati, pestem fugere frustra temptaverunt. Multi alii, Via Lactea relicta, iter in Pegasi Galaxiam fecerunt. Creditur eos, qui in Via Lactea manserunt, aut ascendisse aut mortuos esse. Tamen Anubis narravit Antiquos vitam in Via Lactea, post pestem, rursus excitare voluisse instrumento Dakara Superweapon, quo facto, genus humanum in Terra postea effloruisset.<ref name="Threads">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threads_(Stargate_SG-1) Threads]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> === Pegasus Galaxia === Abhinc inter quinque et decem miliones annorum, nonnulli Antiqui e Terra recesserunt in navem suam, magnitudine civitatis, nomine "Atlantis," quae illo tempore in continente Antarctica posita erat. Causa discessionis eorum ignota manet, quamquam Daniel Jackson suspicatur eos, velut ceteros, effugisse pestem quae tum civilitatem eorum ad internecionem propellere videbatur. Alter ex Antiquis (a quibusdam investigatoribus postea "Ayiana" appellatus, quia in Antarctica perfecte conservatus inventus est) remansit. Cum Ayiana ipsa pestilentia Antiquorum infecta esset et, reviviscens, superesse visa sit, creditur hoc opinionem Jacksonianam confirmare. Postquam Antiqui in Pegasus Galaxiam pervenerunt, in tellure "Lantea" consederunt, seque "Lanteani" nominaverunt<ref name="The Defiant One">[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Defiant_One%23ep12 The Defiant One] ([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis_(season_1) Stargate Atlantis (season 1)])</ref>; nonnumquam etiam "Atlantei" appellati sunt a sociis Expeditionis Atlantis, qui et ipsi interdum ab incolis Pegasus "Atlantei" vocitantur. Cum initialiter incolarum rationalium vacuum videretur, Antiqui homines per novam galaxiam diffuserunt et Stargates disperserunt, novos planetas tutantes atque interdum habitantes, suam veram identitatem plerumque celantes. Homines a Lanteanis originem ducere se credebant eosque "Maiores" appellabant. Tandem offensi sunt organismo leech simili, "[[Wraith (species ficticia)|Iratus]]" dicto, quod eximia facultate sanandi et immunologica pollebat. Pascendo hominibus (atque per incrementa evolutionis) illud genus notitias geneticas ex eisdem assumpsit et sensim in lamia-similes [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Wraith]] evasit.<ref name="Instinct">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instinct_(Stargate_Atlantis) Instinct]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Etsi modus evolutionis eorum non plane clarus est, tamen Antiqui confessi sunt se quendam aditum praebuisse quo species illa oriri potuerit.<ref name="The Return">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Return_(Stargate_Atlantis) The Return]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Wraith, longissimo tempore progressi, societatem provectam sed violentam condiderunt, quod eorum ferox indoles atque pugnax animus cum immensa multitudine hominum coniunctus eos formidabiles adversarios effecit. Antiqui, cum primum Wraith conscios reperissent, sociam quandam legationem illuc miserunt, sed illae naves fraude oppressae et destructae sunt. Inde bellum coepit inter Antiquos et Wraith, et quamvis Antiqui scientia atque arte multo superiores essent, sola multitudine Wraith eos superaverunt. Post bellum per saecula actum, Wraith universos planetas Pegasus Galaxiae expugnaverunt nisi unam urbem arcemque eorum, Atlantis, cuius scuto potentissimo protegebatur. Antiqui Wraith impetus per complura saecula arcere potuerunt, sed tandem, defessis viribus, intra urbem se concluserunt et, cum scirent diutius obsidionem non posse sustinere, decreverunt se ex Pegasus Galaxia discessuros. Ultimis temporibus conati sunt desperatione magis audacia consilia adhibere, ut "Projectum Arcturus," qua inefficaciter nisus sunt nullam puncti industriam e natura rerum extrahere, sed calamitatem effecerunt, planeta Doranda una cum multis Antiquis everso.<ref name="Trinity">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_(Stargate_Atlantis) Trinity]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Paraverunt etiam nanita, quae Wraith in ipso cellularum gradu exstinguerent, his datis codicibus ferocibus quibus Wraith necari possent. Eadem nanita, in speciem humanam mutata, genus Asuranum creaverunt. Quamvis Antiqui eorum ferocitatem ex programmate tollere niterentur, cum intellexissent Asuranos numquam fideles fore, eos prope exstinxerunt. Ne tamen omnem memoriam eorum delerent, Antiqui in Atlantis indicia Asuranorum delevisse referuntur, excepta eorum porta stellari. Paucissimi naniti superfuerunt, qui, secunda evolutio facta, novam Asuranorum societatem iterum excitaverunt.<ref name="Progeny">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progeny_(Stargate_Atlantis) Progeny]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Creditur Asurani etiam nano-virus creavisse, quo genus humanum occiderent, sperantes Wraith cibariorum inopia vexari. Huiusce morbi exemplum, quod homines in hallucinationes agit et denique aneurysma cerebri generat, in laboratorio Atlantis reperiebatur. Ianus, quidam scientiarum peritus Antiquus, etiam instrumentum condidit "Attero" dictum, quod certa subspatii frequentia emissum naves Wraith in hyper-spatium intrare conantes frangeret. Demum, cum eadem frequentia explosiones in Stargates activis excitaret, illud consilium interdictum atque iussum est destruendum; Ianus autem, neglegentia officii, id non perfecit. Antiqui quoque rationes excogitaverunt, quibus se vel alios ad ascensionem celerius perducerent. Ante bellum ultimam desperationem attingeret, in quodam planeta hospitali, partem eius intra tempus-dilatationis agrum clauserunt, quo ibi degentes ad meditandum se conferrent in spem ascensionis, dum reliqua regio Wraith infestaretur.<ref name="Epiphany">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_(Stargate_Atlantis) Epiphany]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> In Atlantis quoque machinam "DNA Resequencer" exstruxerunt, qua hominum DNA ita mutaretur, ut ascendendi partes physiologicas expleret, sed varii exitus ex hoc incepto secuti sunt.<ref name="Tao of Rodney">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao_of_Rodney_(Stargate_Atlantis) Tao of Rodney]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Denique, intellecta belli fortuna adversa, qui nondum ascenderant Antiqui decreverunt ad Terram reverti, ubi olim per miliones annorum habitaverant. Dum profectionem parabant, Dr. Elizabeth Weir ex futuro in "Desultore" mutato apparuit. Summus Concilium Atlantis, ne historia plus turbaretur, Ianum, qui machinam illam construxerat, iussit memoriam eius corrumpere. Praeterea, Weir oblata est facultas cum Antiquis ad Terram redire; at illa in tempus suum redire non potuit. Ianus, tamen, ut urbem servaret, trium ZPMs seriem ita instituit, ut Weir postea in stasi cyclo eas regereret. Antiqui ergo urbem per Stargate deseruerunt, sperantes posteros suos tandem inventuros.<ref name="Before I Sleep">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Before_I_Sleep_(Stargate_Atlantis) Before I Sleep]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Nonnulli, qui in Pegasus Galaxia relictis fortunis manserunt, reliquam vitam cum hominibus degere aut ascendere potuerunt. Saltem unum coetum trium hominum conatum esse dicunt ad Terram reverti, cum navis eorum hyperpropulsione deleta esset, sublux vectura celeritatem lucis prope attingente (99.9%) usi, sed eorum eventus incertus permanet. === Redire ad lacteum === Post Antiquis reversus est in Terram, et invenitur tantum dura environment et primitiva habitatores. Creditum est, quod non erat spes restituendi eorum priores cultu. Sic et expandi ad longinqua terrarum et adiuvetur ut frequentare eos. Alii, esset abire in tellure per Stargate sita in Antarctica, forte quaerens vivere diebus eorum in remotis mundi in Via Lactea. Reliquum elegit solitudo, in qua ad meditandum et quaerere fractal. Hoc tandem ducunt ad spiritualem ascensionem aliqua. Illis Antiquis, qui mansit in Terra, et interbred cum homines pertransiit, in Antiquis Technicae Actus gene quippe homines de Terra, sicut eorum "Secundo Evolutione" tam dare, cultus ad homines. Sunt etiam laicorum culturae fundamenta per viam Indo-Europaeae linguae. Per hoc culturae et linguae hereditatem multi Romani fabulis erant etiam permoti Antiquis, ut fabula "Antiqua sunt, ascendit ad Caelos". Secundum fabularis, Romanos didicit quam aedificare itineribus "Antiqua Sunt," in imitationis "astria porta" constructum est ab antiquis.<ref name="The Fifth Race">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fifth_Race_(Stargate_SG-1) The Fifth Race]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Etenim, Daniel Jackson postea determinatur, quod Antiqua lingua quadam confusa similitudo [[Lingua Latina archaica|Vetus latina]]. Hoc erat primum inventa, cum Colonellus O'Neill totum database est Antiqua reconditorium scientia molestie in eius cerebro, post quam factus est impotens loquendo nihil aliud est, quam in Antiquis' lingua. Hanc vitalem intelligentiam, Dr. Jackson comparatur prius indecipherable Antiqua scripta, cum Vetus latina, factoring in millenniis de linguae egisse, et tandem potest producere eget translationibus multum. Post duos annos, Terra et a sinu circa spatium factus capti in repetita tempus ansa causatur a confusi sunt Antiqua tempus tellus. Tantum, O'Neill et Teal'c non erant afficitur, quia illi stabant iuxta consilium cum ansa coepit. Cum Dr. Jackson vulneribus ansam veniat, et non ad studium tempus tellus scriptis penitus ante eius memoria erat reset, solum electio erat enim, O'Neill et Teal'c discere Vetus latina/Antiqua lingua a Dr. Jackson in incrementum, gradus, usque dum didicit satis est reperire in natura fabrica. In Arthurian Fabulae erant etiam ostensum est moveri ab Antiquis, praesertim Antiquis Myrddin/[[Merlinus]], (dictus Moros, in Atlantis, ubi ipse virens Concilium ante Ascensionem), qui apparuit ascenderunt post reditum ex Atlantis, sed postea de-ascendit se ad creare telum qui potest perdere ascendit entia, quae speravit esset usus contra Ori. Merlini factus est Arthur' veneficus consiliarius in fabulae, et telum ipse succrevit factus est Sangraal vel Sancti Grail. Ipse etiam commissa sua secreta parva coetus nobiles, quae constabat ex [[Arthurus (rex)|Arthurus]] et Equites de [[Mensa Rotunda]]<ref name="Camelot">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelot_(Stargate_SG-1) Camelot]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Quidam ex Antiquis, scilicet qui reliquit Terram, posuit in Societatem Quatuor Magna Gentibus possidet in se, Nox, Furlings et Asgard. Simul, qui creavit "verum" universalis lingua. Secundum scripta inventa in Heliopolis, hoc morsus duravit saecula.<ref name="The Torment of Tantalus">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Torment_of_Tantalus_(Stargate_SG-1) The Torment of Tantalus]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> === Recenti historia === Post Antiquis' ascension et permansit opponere eorum priores nemesi, Ori, qui etiam pervenit Fractal. Quamvis duae factiones erant deadlocked in fortitudine, Ori adhuc flectitur in perditione in Antiquis, et semel, et pro omnibus. In Antiquis probabiliter outnumbered et Ori, ut in agmine ascendit Ori non erant swelled per novum ascendants, potius se maluit hoard industria et ex sua mortali cultores, fossura potentia, ex hoc secundo evolutione hominis creavit, in suo galaxia colligere satis viribus, tandem, impetum in Antiquis. In responsione, in Antiquis elegit abscondere sua secunda evolutione creavit in Lactea Via ab Ori cum sola causa protegens Via Lactea homines esse coerced in magnis religiosam servitutem Ori, et sic usus est, ut a resource pro Ori ad talem se. Ad hunc finem etiam fortasse adducti consociationis [[ignis]], centralis icon Ori religio, cum daemonum simulacri. Adhuc, et noluit accipere directa actio propter suum stricte sui impositarum edictum sui determinationem. est etiam verisimile est, quod in Antiquis cognovit lubrico fastigio adjectio ad posse per viam cultus `Demittit` et intelligi, quod erat periculum, in hoc fiducia, dans Ori et postea Adria infirmitate non obstante `Deus`, sicut virtutes. Plures sunt exempla "demittit" orans et gratias agens est Antiquis/Maiores in Pegasus Galaxia. Ut "Turrim", etiam Antiquis exul in tellure, ubi populus adorare ei, ut "Athar" ''[[Stargate Atlantis]]'' episode, "Sanctuary." Primo ascendit esse semper congressi per Tau'ri erat Oma Desala, cum [[Stargate SG-1|SG-1]] pervenit in tellure Kheb in eorum quaerere Shifu, iuvenis filius Apophis et Sha're. In suis manere, dolor inventa a [[Buddhismus|Buddhist templum]], ubi unus monachus apparuit mansionem. Monachus locutus est in riddles, sed locutus est de ente dicitur ''Oma Desala'', nomen Daniel Jackson interpretatur "Naturae". Tandem, cum quadrigis parabat ad defendendum templum ex pluribus Jaffa bellatores, Daniel inventa non corporali esse viventem in Kheb.<ref name="Maternal Instinct">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_Instinct_(Stargate_SG-1) Maternal Instinct]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Ipse tandem formavit alio vinculo cum Oma Desala, qui etiam auxiliatus est ei, ut ascendat in bis.<ref name="Meridian">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian_(Stargate_SG-1) Meridian]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Tribus post annis, Antiqua mulier, Ayiana, inventus gelida in Antarctica prope location of Antarctica Stargate. Illa revixit se cum acris, sed erat adhuc infectus peste, et mortuus est, lassus ex sanitatem SG-1, et alii ex Plaga. Videtur, esset relictus, in Antiquis quartus in Antarctica, portans in plaga, cum Atlantis reliqui Pegasus Galaxia. Cum Aurora genus fidelitas esset denudatum ab Daedalus, inter Pegasus et Via Lactea galaxia, in turba adhuc viveret. Ut navis erat permensus inter-galactic spatia inter Pegasus et Via Lactea Galaxies, prope [[Celeritas lucis|lucis celeritate]], nautas, nisi expertus, a paucis annis, quia tempus dilatationem effectum prope celeritas lucis iter, cum decedere Atlantis. Post cognita est, quod Atlantis superfuerant in Wraith, reposcis civitatem. Cum Asurans reversus est, et cepit civitatem, omnibus reliquis Antiquis erant. Post Daniel Jackson, et Vala Mal Doran imprudenter alerted Ori ad existentiam alius galaxia repleti homines, incipiens Ori incursio de Lactea Via, milia hominum erant conversi ad gravis Ori religio, pascens eos tantum magis potentia. Secundum Ori se, totam conversionem in Via Lactea, forte det illis satis vires perdere in Antiquis quondam peregrinus erat. Adhuc, maxime in Antiquis noluit intercedere, quamvis suum esse, est comminatus. Exceptiones etiam Morgan le Fey et Merlini. [[Stargate SG-1|SG-1]] tandem inventa Merlinus in stasis intra spelunca, in planeta sterilis. Erat et revixit per ipsum, et adiuuarent eos cum construens Sangraal, telum haberet disposuerat ad pugnam Ori. Quamvis ille ante mortuus potuit perficere consilium, ipse molestie necessaria notitia in a Armarium Scientiae.<ref name="The Quest">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quest_(Stargate_SG-1) The Quest]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Tandem, cum Sangraal erat completum, est Antiquis non intercedere divulgationem et licet ire ad Ori galaxia. In Sangraal fecit officium suum, et perdidit, quamvis Daniel Jackson, inquit, melius translationem esset "tollens ex vel neutralized", Ori.<ref name="Line in the Sand">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_in_the_Sand_(Stargate_SG-1) Line in the Sand]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Adria, de facto dux Ori exercitu ascendit, accipiens in plena pallio defunctorum Ori. Cum homines de Lactea Via, iter ad Ori galaxia, et reperta in Arca Veritatis, Adria virtus erat signanter reducitur, cum Arca solebat "ostendo" verum ad Doci, et postea omnes Priors in domum suam, galaxia, quae posset Morgan, qui fuit exul ab Aliis, ad dimicandum Adria in aeternum bellum. == Lingua et scribendi ratio == [[Fasciculus:Ancient_alpahabet.png|thumb|Scriptum et numeralis ratio de Antiquis.]] In Antiquis' [[lingua]] est praecursor [[Lingua Latina|latine]], sed tamen est distincta. Multa sunt similitudines inter duas linguas, et aliquis cum honestam scientiam linguae latinae, ut, dato tempore et usu, posse intelligere, Antiqua ut. In Antiqua lingua et scribendi ratio est quoque adsuesco assuesco per Ori , et eorum imitatores, qui in eadem ancestry. Cum [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Wraiths]] creata sunt ab [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Iratus]] absorbuit Antiqua [[DNA]], Wraiths' lingua esse videtur inde Antiqua lingua, et duo eadem scribendi ratio. In Wraiths' lingua est ergo relative facilis ad transferendum a peritis Antiquis oratoribus.<ref name="The Gift">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gift_(Stargate_Atlantis) The Gift]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> == Persona == Quamquam pleraque ex Antiquis perventum ad ascensionem diu ante aurora tempor nisl in Terra, Tau'ri venit in contactum cum Antiquis pluries, tum ascendit, et corporali forma. Maxime corporali Antiquis erant congressi in Pegasus Galaxia, ubi eorum imperio, concidisse, nisi quidam 10,000 annis. Item, quidam Antiquis auxiliatus homines in inferioribus planis esse ascendere, sicut Oma Desala auxiliatus Daniel Jackson. ==Notae== <references/> == Nexus externi == * [http://stargate.wikia.com/wiki/Ancients The Ancients] at ''Stargate'' Wiki * [http://www.stargate-sg1-solutions.com/wiki/Ancients The Ancients] at ''Stargate'' Wiki * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130127061001/http://gateworld.net/omnipedia/races/links/ancients.shtml The Ancients] at GateWorld Omnipedia * [[iarchive:Matthaeum-AncientTextStargate|"The Gospel of Matthew, translated into 'Ancient'"]] at Archive.org [[Categoria:Species e Stargate]] 4f7daizmjjnlanccbq5o29qjeh9og11 3967339 3967285 2026-06-30T09:02:47Z Jondel 452 /* Lingua et scribendi ratio */ 3967339 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Textus correctus a Claude.ai: Emendationes grammaticae et orthographicae textus originalis de Antiquis ex opere televisifico "Stargate". Correctiones incluserunt casus, genera, numeros, et syntaxin Latinam appropriatam. --> {{Latinitas|-5}} In '''Antiqui'''{{dubsig}} (in sua lingua ''Anquietas'') sunt [[Species (taxinomia)|genus]] humanoidum in [[Stargate (series)|''Stargate'']] fictione. Hoc nomine in [[Via lactea|Via Lactea]] noti sunt, dum '''Maiores''' et '''Lantiani''' in Pegasi galaxia appellantur. Antiqui sunt una ex duabus partibus Alteranorum; altera est Ori, qui in ''[[Stargate SG-1]]'' posterius apparent. In ''Stargate'' universo, Antiqui sunt species maxime technologice progressa omnium notarum. Antiqui per decem milia annorum evolverunt et ad progressum [[Technologia|technologicum]] multo ante [[Gens humana|homines]] in [[Tellus (planeta)|Tellure]] pervenerunt. In Via Lactea et Pegasi galaxiis ante ascensionem habitaverunt. Notissimi sunt quod [[Stargate (machina)|Portas Stellares]] construxerunt; magnos anulos qui [[Foramen vermis|vermium foramina]] ad iter faciendum creant. Portae Stellares communiter a Terrae hominibus, [[Goa'uld|Goa'uldis]] et [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Wraith]] in ''Stargate'' seriebus televisificis ad Viam Lacteam et Pegasum explorandas utuntur. == Historia == === In Antiquis et Ori === Multis abhinc milibus annorum, prima hominum species ex evolutione orta, quae Alterani appellabantur (a [[Lingua Latina|Latinis]] ''alteri'', "alii", dicti, quamquam in canone ex Antiqua lingua ipsorum proficiscuntur), in longinqua et ignota galaxia vixerunt, dum gradatim ad ascensionem per evolutionem progrediebantur. Tempore procedente, hi, qui postea Ori atque Antiqui sunt vocati, in una societate morabantur neque inter se distinguebantur. Verum, exorta est dissensio philosophica. Progressu temporis, Ori in religione sua vehementius exarserunt, dum Antiqui potius scientiae favere coeperunt. Tandem adeo sententiae discrepabant, ut in duas factiones scissi inter se pugnare inciperent, quod in Oriorum conatu Antiquos delendi summum fastigium attigit. Proelium fugientes, Antiqui maluerunt galaxiam suam deserere novamque sedem quaerere. Ori autem, eorum discessu ad suos usus verso, in Libro Originis narraverunt Antiquos in monte infesto malum continuisse, quod, monte collapsu, sepultum esse.<ref name="The Fourth Horseman">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fourth_Horseman_(Stargate_SG-1) The Fourth Horseman]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Multo post tempore, teste Daniele Jackson, creditur Antiquos milia annorum post "magnum cingulum stellarum" invenisse, "Auallonia" (Via Lactea) dictum, ubi imperium suum condiderunt. Ibidem etiam ''Astria Porta'' construxerunt, quae per totam Viam Lacteam distributae sunt.<ref name="Avalon">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalon_(Stargate_SG-1) Avalon]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Insuper, Antiqui "naves seminales" miserunt, quibus Stargates ad alias galaxias disseminarent. Post eas missa est navis ''Fati'', quae in [[Cosmica radiatio micrometrica primordialis|Cosmica Radiatio Micrometrica Primordialis]] (Stargate Universi) exemplum ulterius investigaret. Inter planetas quos Antiqui inhabuerunt, erat Terra, quae ipsa ''Terra'' appellatur. Conditio Terrae in imperio Antiquorum ignota manet. Quoniam autem iste orbis primam Stargate habuit, postea in [[Antarctica]] reperta a [[Stargate SG-1|SG-1]], semper adfuisse videtur. Etiam cum genus humanum secundum in Terra denuo evolveretur, Terra fortasse inter vetustissimos planetas huius galaxiae fuit, si non vetustissimus.<ref name="Frozen">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_(Stargate_SG-1) Frozen]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Porro, cum oratio novem-chevron navis Fati solum a Terra (quasi ex loco originis) dari posset, licet Stargate ibi clausus esset, constat Terram maximi fuisse ponderis, fortasse etiam caput imperii. Praeterea, olim ibi fuit una e magnis Urbibus Navibus Antiquorum, Atlantis, quae postea in Pegasi Galaxiam translata est, unde, post cladem per [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Wraith]] illatam, Antiqui ad Terram reversi sunt.<ref name="Rising">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rising_(Stargate_Atlantis) Rising]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Inter ceteros planetas notos sunt Praclarush Taonas,<ref name="Lost City">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_City_(Stargate_SG-1) Lost City]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Dakara,<ref name="Reckoning">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reckoning_(Stargate_SG-1) Reckoning]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> et Valos Cor.<ref name="The Pegasus Project">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pegasus_Project_(Stargate_SG-1) The Pegasus Project]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Quamquam in aliam galaxiam exulati, Antiqui cum suis fratribus remotis, Oribus, tamen aliquamdiu communicaverunt, quod ex inventione machinationis, quae cogitationes per ingentem spatium transmittebat, patet, tum in Via Lactea tum in eorum galaxia.<ref name="Origin">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_(Stargate_SG-1) Origin]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Nihilominus, duae partes hostes acerrimae permanserunt. Tandem, Antiqui peste terribili perierunt, quae magnam partem culturae in Via Lactea ab eis aedificatae delevit.<ref name="Window of Opportunity">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_of_Opportunity_(Stargate_SG-1) Window of Opportunity]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Postea repertum est hanc pestem morbo similem esse quem Ori Priores in non credentes immittere solerent, unde Daniel Jackson coniecit Orios, antequam ascenderent, huius pestilentiae auctores fuisse.<ref name="The Powers That Be">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Powers_That_Be_(Stargate_SG-1) The Powers That Be]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Nonnulli Antiqui, tempore quodam iter in praeteritum facere conati, pestem fugere frustra temptaverunt. Multi alii, Via Lactea relicta, iter in Pegasi Galaxiam fecerunt. Creditur eos, qui in Via Lactea manserunt, aut ascendisse aut mortuos esse. Tamen Anubis narravit Antiquos vitam in Via Lactea, post pestem, rursus excitare voluisse instrumento Dakara Superweapon, quo facto, genus humanum in Terra postea effloruisset.<ref name="Threads">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threads_(Stargate_SG-1) Threads]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> === Pegasus Galaxia === Abhinc inter quinque et decem miliones annorum, nonnulli Antiqui e Terra recesserunt in navem suam, magnitudine civitatis, nomine "Atlantis," quae illo tempore in continente Antarctica posita erat. Causa discessionis eorum ignota manet, quamquam Daniel Jackson suspicatur eos, velut ceteros, effugisse pestem quae tum civilitatem eorum ad internecionem propellere videbatur. Alter ex Antiquis (a quibusdam investigatoribus postea "Ayiana" appellatus, quia in Antarctica perfecte conservatus inventus est) remansit. Cum Ayiana ipsa pestilentia Antiquorum infecta esset et, reviviscens, superesse visa sit, creditur hoc opinionem Jacksonianam confirmare. Postquam Antiqui in Pegasus Galaxiam pervenerunt, in tellure "Lantea" consederunt, seque "Lanteani" nominaverunt<ref name="The Defiant One">[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Defiant_One%23ep12 The Defiant One] ([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis_(season_1) Stargate Atlantis (season 1)])</ref>; nonnumquam etiam "Atlantei" appellati sunt a sociis Expeditionis Atlantis, qui et ipsi interdum ab incolis Pegasus "Atlantei" vocitantur. Cum initialiter incolarum rationalium vacuum videretur, Antiqui homines per novam galaxiam diffuserunt et Stargates disperserunt, novos planetas tutantes atque interdum habitantes, suam veram identitatem plerumque celantes. Homines a Lanteanis originem ducere se credebant eosque "Maiores" appellabant. Tandem offensi sunt organismo leech simili, "[[Wraith (species ficticia)|Iratus]]" dicto, quod eximia facultate sanandi et immunologica pollebat. Pascendo hominibus (atque per incrementa evolutionis) illud genus notitias geneticas ex eisdem assumpsit et sensim in lamia-similes [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Wraith]] evasit.<ref name="Instinct">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instinct_(Stargate_Atlantis) Instinct]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Etsi modus evolutionis eorum non plane clarus est, tamen Antiqui confessi sunt se quendam aditum praebuisse quo species illa oriri potuerit.<ref name="The Return">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Return_(Stargate_Atlantis) The Return]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Wraith, longissimo tempore progressi, societatem provectam sed violentam condiderunt, quod eorum ferox indoles atque pugnax animus cum immensa multitudine hominum coniunctus eos formidabiles adversarios effecit. Antiqui, cum primum Wraith conscios reperissent, sociam quandam legationem illuc miserunt, sed illae naves fraude oppressae et destructae sunt. Inde bellum coepit inter Antiquos et Wraith, et quamvis Antiqui scientia atque arte multo superiores essent, sola multitudine Wraith eos superaverunt. Post bellum per saecula actum, Wraith universos planetas Pegasus Galaxiae expugnaverunt nisi unam urbem arcemque eorum, Atlantis, cuius scuto potentissimo protegebatur. Antiqui Wraith impetus per complura saecula arcere potuerunt, sed tandem, defessis viribus, intra urbem se concluserunt et, cum scirent diutius obsidionem non posse sustinere, decreverunt se ex Pegasus Galaxia discessuros. Ultimis temporibus conati sunt desperatione magis audacia consilia adhibere, ut "Projectum Arcturus," qua inefficaciter nisus sunt nullam puncti industriam e natura rerum extrahere, sed calamitatem effecerunt, planeta Doranda una cum multis Antiquis everso.<ref name="Trinity">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_(Stargate_Atlantis) Trinity]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Paraverunt etiam nanita, quae Wraith in ipso cellularum gradu exstinguerent, his datis codicibus ferocibus quibus Wraith necari possent. Eadem nanita, in speciem humanam mutata, genus Asuranum creaverunt. Quamvis Antiqui eorum ferocitatem ex programmate tollere niterentur, cum intellexissent Asuranos numquam fideles fore, eos prope exstinxerunt. Ne tamen omnem memoriam eorum delerent, Antiqui in Atlantis indicia Asuranorum delevisse referuntur, excepta eorum porta stellari. Paucissimi naniti superfuerunt, qui, secunda evolutio facta, novam Asuranorum societatem iterum excitaverunt.<ref name="Progeny">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progeny_(Stargate_Atlantis) Progeny]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Creditur Asurani etiam nano-virus creavisse, quo genus humanum occiderent, sperantes Wraith cibariorum inopia vexari. Huiusce morbi exemplum, quod homines in hallucinationes agit et denique aneurysma cerebri generat, in laboratorio Atlantis reperiebatur. Ianus, quidam scientiarum peritus Antiquus, etiam instrumentum condidit "Attero" dictum, quod certa subspatii frequentia emissum naves Wraith in hyper-spatium intrare conantes frangeret. Demum, cum eadem frequentia explosiones in Stargates activis excitaret, illud consilium interdictum atque iussum est destruendum; Ianus autem, neglegentia officii, id non perfecit. Antiqui quoque rationes excogitaverunt, quibus se vel alios ad ascensionem celerius perducerent. Ante bellum ultimam desperationem attingeret, in quodam planeta hospitali, partem eius intra tempus-dilatationis agrum clauserunt, quo ibi degentes ad meditandum se conferrent in spem ascensionis, dum reliqua regio Wraith infestaretur.<ref name="Epiphany">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_(Stargate_Atlantis) Epiphany]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> In Atlantis quoque machinam "DNA Resequencer" exstruxerunt, qua hominum DNA ita mutaretur, ut ascendendi partes physiologicas expleret, sed varii exitus ex hoc incepto secuti sunt.<ref name="Tao of Rodney">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao_of_Rodney_(Stargate_Atlantis) Tao of Rodney]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Denique, intellecta belli fortuna adversa, qui nondum ascenderant Antiqui decreverunt ad Terram reverti, ubi olim per miliones annorum habitaverant. Dum profectionem parabant, Dr. Elizabeth Weir ex futuro in "Desultore" mutato apparuit. Summus Concilium Atlantis, ne historia plus turbaretur, Ianum, qui machinam illam construxerat, iussit memoriam eius corrumpere. Praeterea, Weir oblata est facultas cum Antiquis ad Terram redire; at illa in tempus suum redire non potuit. Ianus, tamen, ut urbem servaret, trium ZPMs seriem ita instituit, ut Weir postea in stasi cyclo eas regereret. Antiqui ergo urbem per Stargate deseruerunt, sperantes posteros suos tandem inventuros.<ref name="Before I Sleep">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Before_I_Sleep_(Stargate_Atlantis) Before I Sleep]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> Nonnulli, qui in Pegasus Galaxia relictis fortunis manserunt, reliquam vitam cum hominibus degere aut ascendere potuerunt. Saltem unum coetum trium hominum conatum esse dicunt ad Terram reverti, cum navis eorum hyperpropulsione deleta esset, sublux vectura celeritatem lucis prope attingente (99.9%) usi, sed eorum eventus incertus permanet. === Redire ad lacteum === Post Antiquis reversus est in Terram, et invenitur tantum dura environment et primitiva habitatores. Creditum est, quod non erat spes restituendi eorum priores cultu. Sic et expandi ad longinqua terrarum et adiuvetur ut frequentare eos. Alii, esset abire in tellure per Stargate sita in Antarctica, forte quaerens vivere diebus eorum in remotis mundi in Via Lactea. Reliquum elegit solitudo, in qua ad meditandum et quaerere fractal. Hoc tandem ducunt ad spiritualem ascensionem aliqua. Illis Antiquis, qui mansit in Terra, et interbred cum homines pertransiit, in Antiquis Technicae Actus gene quippe homines de Terra, sicut eorum "Secundo Evolutione" tam dare, cultus ad homines. Sunt etiam laicorum culturae fundamenta per viam Indo-Europaeae linguae. Per hoc culturae et linguae hereditatem multi Romani fabulis erant etiam permoti Antiquis, ut fabula "Antiqua sunt, ascendit ad Caelos". Secundum fabularis, Romanos didicit quam aedificare itineribus "Antiqua Sunt," in imitationis "astria porta" constructum est ab antiquis.<ref name="The Fifth Race">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fifth_Race_(Stargate_SG-1) The Fifth Race]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Etenim, Daniel Jackson postea determinatur, quod Antiqua lingua quadam confusa similitudo [[Lingua Latina archaica|Vetus latina]]. Hoc erat primum inventa, cum Colonellus O'Neill totum database est Antiqua reconditorium scientia molestie in eius cerebro, post quam factus est impotens loquendo nihil aliud est, quam in Antiquis' lingua. Hanc vitalem intelligentiam, Dr. Jackson comparatur prius indecipherable Antiqua scripta, cum Vetus latina, factoring in millenniis de linguae egisse, et tandem potest producere eget translationibus multum. Post duos annos, Terra et a sinu circa spatium factus capti in repetita tempus ansa causatur a confusi sunt Antiqua tempus tellus. Tantum, O'Neill et Teal'c non erant afficitur, quia illi stabant iuxta consilium cum ansa coepit. Cum Dr. Jackson vulneribus ansam veniat, et non ad studium tempus tellus scriptis penitus ante eius memoria erat reset, solum electio erat enim, O'Neill et Teal'c discere Vetus latina/Antiqua lingua a Dr. Jackson in incrementum, gradus, usque dum didicit satis est reperire in natura fabrica. In Arthurian Fabulae erant etiam ostensum est moveri ab Antiquis, praesertim Antiquis Myrddin/[[Merlinus]], (dictus Moros, in Atlantis, ubi ipse virens Concilium ante Ascensionem), qui apparuit ascenderunt post reditum ex Atlantis, sed postea de-ascendit se ad creare telum qui potest perdere ascendit entia, quae speravit esset usus contra Ori. Merlini factus est Arthur' veneficus consiliarius in fabulae, et telum ipse succrevit factus est Sangraal vel Sancti Grail. Ipse etiam commissa sua secreta parva coetus nobiles, quae constabat ex [[Arthurus (rex)|Arthurus]] et Equites de [[Mensa Rotunda]]<ref name="Camelot">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelot_(Stargate_SG-1) Camelot]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Quidam ex Antiquis, scilicet qui reliquit Terram, posuit in Societatem Quatuor Magna Gentibus possidet in se, Nox, Furlings et Asgard. Simul, qui creavit "verum" universalis lingua. Secundum scripta inventa in Heliopolis, hoc morsus duravit saecula.<ref name="The Torment of Tantalus">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Torment_of_Tantalus_(Stargate_SG-1) The Torment of Tantalus]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> === Recenti historia === Post Antiquis' ascension et permansit opponere eorum priores nemesi, Ori, qui etiam pervenit Fractal. Quamvis duae factiones erant deadlocked in fortitudine, Ori adhuc flectitur in perditione in Antiquis, et semel, et pro omnibus. In Antiquis probabiliter outnumbered et Ori, ut in agmine ascendit Ori non erant swelled per novum ascendants, potius se maluit hoard industria et ex sua mortali cultores, fossura potentia, ex hoc secundo evolutione hominis creavit, in suo galaxia colligere satis viribus, tandem, impetum in Antiquis. In responsione, in Antiquis elegit abscondere sua secunda evolutione creavit in Lactea Via ab Ori cum sola causa protegens Via Lactea homines esse coerced in magnis religiosam servitutem Ori, et sic usus est, ut a resource pro Ori ad talem se. Ad hunc finem etiam fortasse adducti consociationis [[ignis]], centralis icon Ori religio, cum daemonum simulacri. Adhuc, et noluit accipere directa actio propter suum stricte sui impositarum edictum sui determinationem. est etiam verisimile est, quod in Antiquis cognovit lubrico fastigio adjectio ad posse per viam cultus `Demittit` et intelligi, quod erat periculum, in hoc fiducia, dans Ori et postea Adria infirmitate non obstante `Deus`, sicut virtutes. Plures sunt exempla "demittit" orans et gratias agens est Antiquis/Maiores in Pegasus Galaxia. Ut "Turrim", etiam Antiquis exul in tellure, ubi populus adorare ei, ut "Athar" ''[[Stargate Atlantis]]'' episode, "Sanctuary." Primo ascendit esse semper congressi per Tau'ri erat Oma Desala, cum [[Stargate SG-1|SG-1]] pervenit in tellure Kheb in eorum quaerere Shifu, iuvenis filius Apophis et Sha're. In suis manere, dolor inventa a [[Buddhismus|Buddhist templum]], ubi unus monachus apparuit mansionem. Monachus locutus est in riddles, sed locutus est de ente dicitur ''Oma Desala'', nomen Daniel Jackson interpretatur "Naturae". Tandem, cum quadrigis parabat ad defendendum templum ex pluribus Jaffa bellatores, Daniel inventa non corporali esse viventem in Kheb.<ref name="Maternal Instinct">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_Instinct_(Stargate_SG-1) Maternal Instinct]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Ipse tandem formavit alio vinculo cum Oma Desala, qui etiam auxiliatus est ei, ut ascendat in bis.<ref name="Meridian">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian_(Stargate_SG-1) Meridian]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Tribus post annis, Antiqua mulier, Ayiana, inventus gelida in Antarctica prope location of Antarctica Stargate. Illa revixit se cum acris, sed erat adhuc infectus peste, et mortuus est, lassus ex sanitatem SG-1, et alii ex Plaga. Videtur, esset relictus, in Antiquis quartus in Antarctica, portans in plaga, cum Atlantis reliqui Pegasus Galaxia. Cum Aurora genus fidelitas esset denudatum ab Daedalus, inter Pegasus et Via Lactea galaxia, in turba adhuc viveret. Ut navis erat permensus inter-galactic spatia inter Pegasus et Via Lactea Galaxies, prope [[Celeritas lucis|lucis celeritate]], nautas, nisi expertus, a paucis annis, quia tempus dilatationem effectum prope celeritas lucis iter, cum decedere Atlantis. Post cognita est, quod Atlantis superfuerant in Wraith, reposcis civitatem. Cum Asurans reversus est, et cepit civitatem, omnibus reliquis Antiquis erant. Post Daniel Jackson, et Vala Mal Doran imprudenter alerted Ori ad existentiam alius galaxia repleti homines, incipiens Ori incursio de Lactea Via, milia hominum erant conversi ad gravis Ori religio, pascens eos tantum magis potentia. Secundum Ori se, totam conversionem in Via Lactea, forte det illis satis vires perdere in Antiquis quondam peregrinus erat. Adhuc, maxime in Antiquis noluit intercedere, quamvis suum esse, est comminatus. Exceptiones etiam Morgan le Fey et Merlini. [[Stargate SG-1|SG-1]] tandem inventa Merlinus in stasis intra spelunca, in planeta sterilis. Erat et revixit per ipsum, et adiuuarent eos cum construens Sangraal, telum haberet disposuerat ad pugnam Ori. Quamvis ille ante mortuus potuit perficere consilium, ipse molestie necessaria notitia in a Armarium Scientiae.<ref name="The Quest">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quest_(Stargate_SG-1) The Quest]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Tandem, cum Sangraal erat completum, est Antiquis non intercedere divulgationem et licet ire ad Ori galaxia. In Sangraal fecit officium suum, et perdidit, quamvis Daniel Jackson, inquit, melius translationem esset "tollens ex vel neutralized", Ori.<ref name="Line in the Sand">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_in_the_Sand_(Stargate_SG-1) Line in the Sand]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1 Stargate SG-1]'')</ref> Adria, de facto dux Ori exercitu ascendit, accipiens in plena pallio defunctorum Ori. Cum homines de Lactea Via, iter ad Ori galaxia, et reperta in Arca Veritatis, Adria virtus erat signanter reducitur, cum Arca solebat "ostendo" verum ad Doci, et postea omnes Priors in domum suam, galaxia, quae posset Morgan, qui fuit exul ab Aliis, ad dimicandum Adria in aeternum bellum. == Lingua et scribendi ratio == [[Fasciculus:Ancient_alpahabet.png|thumb|Scriptum et numeralis ratio de Antiquis.]] In Antiquis' [[lingua]] est praecursor [[Lingua Latina|latine]], sed tamen est distincta. Multa sunt similitudines inter duas linguas, et aliquis cum honestam scientiam linguae latinae, ut, dato tempore et usu, posse intelligere, Antiqua ut. In Antiqua lingua et scribendi ratio est quoque adsuesco assuesco per Ori , et eorum imitatores, qui in eadem prosapia. Cum [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Wraiths]] creata sunt ab [[Wraith (species ficticia)|Iratus]] absorbuit Antiqua [[DNA]], Wraiths' lingua esse videtur inde Antiqua lingua, et duo eadem scribendi ratio. In Wraiths' lingua est ergo relative facilis ad transferendum a peritis Antiquis oratoribus.<ref name="The Gift">"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gift_(Stargate_Atlantis) The Gift]" (''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis Stargate Atlantis]'')</ref> == Persona == Quamquam pleraque ex Antiquis perventum ad ascensionem diu ante aurora tempor nisl in Terra, Tau'ri venit in contactum cum Antiquis pluries, tum ascendit, et corporali forma. Maxime corporali Antiquis erant congressi in Pegasus Galaxia, ubi eorum imperio, concidisse, nisi quidam 10,000 annis. Item, quidam Antiquis auxiliatus homines in inferioribus planis esse ascendere, sicut Oma Desala auxiliatus Daniel Jackson. ==Notae== <references/> == Nexus externi == * [http://stargate.wikia.com/wiki/Ancients The Ancients] at ''Stargate'' Wiki * [http://www.stargate-sg1-solutions.com/wiki/Ancients The Ancients] at ''Stargate'' Wiki * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130127061001/http://gateworld.net/omnipedia/races/links/ancients.shtml The Ancients] at GateWorld Omnipedia * [[iarchive:Matthaeum-AncientTextStargate|"The Gospel of Matthew, translated into 'Ancient'"]] at Archive.org [[Categoria:Species e Stargate]] g5hoinj8g9pzjg9y6hzgjzfujbyioq3 0 302464 3967304 3875563 2026-06-29T14:35:47Z LilyKitty 18316 de die decernandi 3967304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-5}} [[Fasciculus:Constitution of Ukraine.jpg|thumb|Constitutio Ucrainae]] '''Constitutio Ucrainae''' ([[lingua Ucrainica]]:Конституція України) est lex [[constitutio]]nis [[Ucraina]]e a.d. [[28 Iunii|V Kal. Iul.]] [[1996]] decreta. Dies V Kal. Iul., quo Constitutio Ucrainae creata est, dies festus publicus Ucrainae est. Post [[dissolutio Unionis Sovieticae|dissolutionem Unionis Sovieticae]], praeses [[Leonidas Kučma]] constitutionem democraticam decrevit. Ucraina ultima civitas inter [[priores res publicae Sovieticae]] quae propriam constitutionem accepit.<ref>[https://www.unian.info/society/1389415-ukraine-celebrating-20th-anniversary-of-constitution.html Ucraine celebrating 20th anniversary of constitution]</ref> A.d. VII Id. Feb. [[2019]], Verkhovna Rada, parliamentum Ucrainum mutationem Constitutionis admisit qua programma [[strategia]]e ad [[Unio Europaea|Unionem Europaeam]] et [[OTAN]] participandum postulatur.<ref>[https://www.unian.info/politics/10437570-ukraine-s-parliament-backs-changes-to-constitution-confirming-ukraine-s-path-toward-eu-nato.html Ukraine's parliament backs changes to Constitution confirming Ukraine's path toward EU, NATO]</ref> == Structura Constitutionis == Constitutio Ucrainae CLXI articulos et XV sectionibus divisiones continet. #Principia generalia #[[Iura humana]], libertas et officium #[[Comitia]] #Verkhovna Rada, parliamentum Ucrainum #[[Praeses]] Ucrainae #Consilium ministrorum Ucrainae et [[potestas exsecutiva]] #Officium procuratoris #[[Iudicium]] #Structura territoriarum Ucrainae #Autonomiae res publicae [[Crimea]]e #Rectio [[sui iuris]] ruralis #Iudicium Constitutionis Ucrainum #Introductio pro mutatione Constitutionis Ucrainae #Provisiones finales #Provisiones transitoriae == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == *[https://www.rada.gov.ua Constitutio Ucrainae] (Constitutio Ucrainae lingua Ucrainica) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20220226192429/https://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/constitutions/country/52/Ukraine/show Constitutio Ucrainae] (Constitutio Ucrainae Anglice) [[Categoria:Ucraina]] [[Categoria:Constitutiones]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1996]] 3fnicimwdtyqsifdx3rsw2r8r82cxef 0 324369 3967290 3967246 2026-06-29T13:30:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Descriptio */ 3967290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Vite perdite}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXXI reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 29-32 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo3.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Vite perdite me legi subdideram, minus licite dum fregi, quod voveram; sed ad vite vesperam corrigendum legi, quicquid ante perperam puerilis egi. Rerum exitus dum quero discutere, falsum penitus a vero discernere, falso fallor opere, bravium si spero me virtutum metere, vitia dum sero. Non sum duplici perplexus itinere, nec addidici reflexus a venere, nec fraudavi temere coniugis amplexus; Dalidam persequere, ne fraudetur sexus! Famem siliqua porcorum non abstulit, que ad lubrica errorum me contulit. sed scriptura consulit, viam intrem morum, que prelarga protulit pabula donorum. Dum considero, quid Dine contigerit, finem confero rapine quis fuerit; scio: vix evaserit mens corrupta fine, diu quam contraxerit, maculam sentine. Preter meritum me neci non dedero, si ad vomitum, quem ieci, rediero, nec a verbo aspero liberum me feci, servus si serviero vitiorum feci. Vie veteris immuto vestigia, ire Veneris refuto per devia: via namque regia curritur in tuto; si quis cedit alia, semper est in luto. Beli solium, Sinonis astutiam, confer Tullium, Zenonis prudentiam: nil conferre sentiam, his abutens bonis, ni fugando fugiam Dalidam Samsonis. Ergo veniam de rei miseria ut inveniam de Dei clementia: hec et his similia quod peregi, rei sola parcens gratia miserere mei!<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, quod [[Petrus Blesensis]] composuisse videtur, auctor [[Paenitentiam agere|paenitentiam]] agit de vita antea in vitiis et erroribus puerilibus consumpta. Ad vesperam vitae perveniens, peccator vult corrigere quicquid perperam egit, agnoscens se frustra bravium virtutum sperare si vitia serere non desinat. Haec reflexio [[moralitas|moralis]] initium capit a confessione [[Votum|voti]] fracti et subjectione legi mundanae perditae.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> Scriptor variis exemplis biblicis et mythologicis utitur ad pericula luxuriae et stultitiae demonstranda. Commemorat siliquas porcorum, allegoriam Filii Prodigi, quae famem spiritualem exstinguere non possunt, et casum [[Dina|Dinae]] ut corruptionis mentis exemplum. Auctor asseverat se velle viam Veneris refutare et “viam regiam” sequi, ne iterum servus fiat vitiorum faecis et sicut canis ad vomitum revertatur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> In conclusione, carmen docet mundanam prudentiam, eloquentiam [[Marcus Tullius Cicero|Tullii]], aut astutiam Sinonis nihil prodesse, nisi homo “Dalidam Samsonis” fugiat, scilicet illecebras carnis quae fortitudinem spiritualem destruunt. Unica spes in sola Dei gratia et clementia ponitur, unde poeta supplex postulat ut miseriae suae misereatur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> == Investigatio palaeographica musica == In examine codicum qui carmen “Vite perdite” continent, investigatio palaeographica praesertim in necessitudine inter monodiam codicis B (München, BSB, Clm 4660) et structuram poliphonicam codicis F (Firenze, Bibl. Laurenziana, Pluteus 29.1) versatur. Tenor enim {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|conductus|conductūs|en|qid=Q846748}} in codice Florentino inventus omnino cum melodia in codice B exarata congruit, quod unitatem melodicam inter varias traditiones manuscriptas demonstrat. Palaeographi autem notant in codice B praesentiam notationis cum “distropha” vel “strophico”, quae pausam vel caesuram in linea melodica vehementius effert, cum contra in versionis poliphonicis codicis F talis distinctio rhythmica minus appareat. Haec differentia paleographica suggerit monodiam B non sequi rigide leges mensurabiles poliphoniae, sed propriam logicam accentuativam servare.<ref name="examen-apium-vitae-perditae">{{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bianchini | nomen auctoris 1 = Michele | cognomen auctricis 2 = Maschera | nomen auctricis 2 = Roberta | titulus = Vite perdite | domus editoria = Centro Studi Ars Nova | url = https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/031vite.html | work = Examenapium | tempus recensionis = 2026-03-30 }}.</ref> Fenomenon quod dicitur “contrafactum” in hac melodia manifestum est, cum eadem structura neumatica inveniatur in operibus [[Petrus Blesensis|Petri Blesensis]], sed etiam in carminibus vernaculis sicut apud {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Peirulius|Peirulium|en|qid=Q2426784}} ({{barbarice|lingua=fr|Peirol}}) in codice G et Hugonem de Sancto Quintino in codicibus M et T. Ex parte paleographica, variatio in codice M, quae in vico “pastourelle” inscribitur, videtur imitari secundam vocem (duplum) conductūs Florentini, quod indicat quomodo scriptores medii aevi formulas melodicas inter textus Latinos et vulgares mutuo sumpserint. Tamen, dum in manuscriptis Latinis metrica stricta servatur, in transitione ad linguam Gallicam paleographia mutationem schematis metrici ostendit, ubi saltus quintae a Peirulio introductus formam archetypam commutavit.<ref name="examen-apium-vitae-perditae" /> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 0tt7f6t5a6albhortd80ny40l2q4ui6 3967291 3967290 2026-06-29T13:35:53Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Descriptio */ 3967291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Vite perdite}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXXI reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 29-32 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo3.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Vite perdite me legi subdideram, minus licite dum fregi, quod voveram; sed ad vite vesperam corrigendum legi, quicquid ante perperam puerilis egi. Rerum exitus dum quero discutere, falsum penitus a vero discernere, falso fallor opere, bravium si spero me virtutum metere, vitia dum sero. Non sum duplici perplexus itinere, nec addidici reflexus a venere, nec fraudavi temere coniugis amplexus; Dalidam persequere, ne fraudetur sexus! Famem siliqua porcorum non abstulit, que ad lubrica errorum me contulit. sed scriptura consulit, viam intrem morum, que prelarga protulit pabula donorum. Dum considero, quid Dine contigerit, finem confero rapine quis fuerit; scio: vix evaserit mens corrupta fine, diu quam contraxerit, maculam sentine. Preter meritum me neci non dedero, si ad vomitum, quem ieci, rediero, nec a verbo aspero liberum me feci, servus si serviero vitiorum feci. Vie veteris immuto vestigia, ire Veneris refuto per devia: via namque regia curritur in tuto; si quis cedit alia, semper est in luto. Beli solium, Sinonis astutiam, confer Tullium, Zenonis prudentiam: nil conferre sentiam, his abutens bonis, ni fugando fugiam Dalidam Samsonis. Ergo veniam de rei miseria ut inveniam de Dei clementia: hec et his similia quod peregi, rei sola parcens gratia miserere mei!<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, quod [[Petrus Blesensis]] composuisse videtur, auctor [[Paenitentia|paenitentiam]] agit de vita antea in [[Vitium (ethice)|vitiis]] et erroribus puerilibus consumpta. Ad vesperam vitae perveniens, peccator vult corrigere quicquid perperam egit, agnoscens se frustra bravium virtutum sperare si vitia serere non desinat. Haec reflexio [[moralitas|moralis]] initium capit a confessione [[Votum|voti]] fracti et subjectione legi mundanae perditae.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> Scriptor variis exemplis [[Biblia|biblicis]] et [[Mythologia|mythologicis]] utitur ad pericula luxuriae et stultitiae demonstranda. Commemorat siliquas [[Porcus|porcorum]], [[Allegoria|allegoriam]] Filii Prodigi, quae famem [[Spiritualitas|spiritualem]] exstinguere non possunt, et casum [[Dina|Dinae]] ut corruptionis mentis exemplum. Auctor asseverat se velle viam [[Venus (dea)|Veneris]] refutare et “viam regiam” sequi, ne iterum servus fiat vitiorum faecis et sicut canis ad [[Vomitus|vomitum]] revertatur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> In conclusione, carmen docet mundanam prudentiam, eloquentiam [[Marcus Tullius Cicero|Tullii]], aut astutiam [[Sinon|Sinonis]] nihil prodesse, nisi homo “Dalidam [[Samson|Samsonis]]” fugiat, scilicet illecebras carnis quae fortitudinem spiritualem destruunt. Unica spes in sola Dei gratia et clementia ponitur, unde poeta supplex postulat ut miseriae suae misereatur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> == Investigatio palaeographica musica == In examine codicum qui carmen “Vite perdite” continent, investigatio palaeographica praesertim in necessitudine inter monodiam codicis B (München, BSB, Clm 4660) et structuram poliphonicam codicis F (Firenze, Bibl. Laurenziana, Pluteus 29.1) versatur. Tenor enim {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|conductus|conductūs|en|qid=Q846748}} in codice Florentino inventus omnino cum melodia in codice B exarata congruit, quod unitatem melodicam inter varias traditiones manuscriptas demonstrat. Palaeographi autem notant in codice B praesentiam notationis cum “distropha” vel “strophico”, quae pausam vel caesuram in linea melodica vehementius effert, cum contra in versionis poliphonicis codicis F talis distinctio rhythmica minus appareat. Haec differentia paleographica suggerit monodiam B non sequi rigide leges mensurabiles poliphoniae, sed propriam logicam accentuativam servare.<ref name="examen-apium-vitae-perditae">{{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bianchini | nomen auctoris 1 = Michele | cognomen auctricis 2 = Maschera | nomen auctricis 2 = Roberta | titulus = Vite perdite | domus editoria = Centro Studi Ars Nova | url = https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/031vite.html | work = Examenapium | tempus recensionis = 2026-03-30 }}.</ref> Fenomenon quod dicitur “contrafactum” in hac melodia manifestum est, cum eadem structura neumatica inveniatur in operibus [[Petrus Blesensis|Petri Blesensis]], sed etiam in carminibus vernaculis sicut apud {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Peirulius|Peirulium|en|qid=Q2426784}} ({{barbarice|lingua=fr|Peirol}}) in codice G et Hugonem de Sancto Quintino in codicibus M et T. Ex parte paleographica, variatio in codice M, quae in vico “pastourelle” inscribitur, videtur imitari secundam vocem (duplum) conductūs Florentini, quod indicat quomodo scriptores medii aevi formulas melodicas inter textus Latinos et vulgares mutuo sumpserint. Tamen, dum in manuscriptis Latinis metrica stricta servatur, in transitione ad linguam Gallicam paleographia mutationem schematis metrici ostendit, ubi saltus quintae a Peirulio introductus formam archetypam commutavit.<ref name="examen-apium-vitae-perditae" /> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 2rv5hw0mxrcxff16jhbcdwvivhqdaii 3967292 3967291 2026-06-29T13:45:30Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Investigatio palaeographica musica */ 3967292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Vite perdite}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXXI reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 29-32 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo3.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Vite perdite me legi subdideram, minus licite dum fregi, quod voveram; sed ad vite vesperam corrigendum legi, quicquid ante perperam puerilis egi. Rerum exitus dum quero discutere, falsum penitus a vero discernere, falso fallor opere, bravium si spero me virtutum metere, vitia dum sero. Non sum duplici perplexus itinere, nec addidici reflexus a venere, nec fraudavi temere coniugis amplexus; Dalidam persequere, ne fraudetur sexus! Famem siliqua porcorum non abstulit, que ad lubrica errorum me contulit. sed scriptura consulit, viam intrem morum, que prelarga protulit pabula donorum. Dum considero, quid Dine contigerit, finem confero rapine quis fuerit; scio: vix evaserit mens corrupta fine, diu quam contraxerit, maculam sentine. Preter meritum me neci non dedero, si ad vomitum, quem ieci, rediero, nec a verbo aspero liberum me feci, servus si serviero vitiorum feci. Vie veteris immuto vestigia, ire Veneris refuto per devia: via namque regia curritur in tuto; si quis cedit alia, semper est in luto. Beli solium, Sinonis astutiam, confer Tullium, Zenonis prudentiam: nil conferre sentiam, his abutens bonis, ni fugando fugiam Dalidam Samsonis. Ergo veniam de rei miseria ut inveniam de Dei clementia: hec et his similia quod peregi, rei sola parcens gratia miserere mei!<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, quod [[Petrus Blesensis]] composuisse videtur, auctor [[Paenitentia|paenitentiam]] agit de vita antea in [[Vitium (ethice)|vitiis]] et erroribus puerilibus consumpta. Ad vesperam vitae perveniens, peccator vult corrigere quicquid perperam egit, agnoscens se frustra bravium virtutum sperare si vitia serere non desinat. Haec reflexio [[moralitas|moralis]] initium capit a confessione [[Votum|voti]] fracti et subjectione legi mundanae perditae.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> Scriptor variis exemplis [[Biblia|biblicis]] et [[Mythologia|mythologicis]] utitur ad pericula luxuriae et stultitiae demonstranda. Commemorat siliquas [[Porcus|porcorum]], [[Allegoria|allegoriam]] Filii Prodigi, quae famem [[Spiritualitas|spiritualem]] exstinguere non possunt, et casum [[Dina|Dinae]] ut corruptionis mentis exemplum. Auctor asseverat se velle viam [[Venus (dea)|Veneris]] refutare et “viam regiam” sequi, ne iterum servus fiat vitiorum faecis et sicut canis ad [[Vomitus|vomitum]] revertatur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> In conclusione, carmen docet mundanam prudentiam, eloquentiam [[Marcus Tullius Cicero|Tullii]], aut astutiam [[Sinon|Sinonis]] nihil prodesse, nisi homo “Dalidam [[Samson|Samsonis]]” fugiat, scilicet illecebras carnis quae fortitudinem spiritualem destruunt. Unica spes in sola Dei gratia et clementia ponitur, unde poeta supplex postulat ut miseriae suae misereatur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> == Investigatio palaeographica musica == In examine [[codex|codicum]] qui carmen “Vite perdite” continent, investigatio [[Palaeographia|palaeographica]] praesertim in necessitudine inter monodiam codicis B (München, BSB, Clm 4660) et structuram [[Polyphonia|polyphonicam]] codicis F (Firenze, Bibl. Laurenziana, Pluteus 29.1) versatur. Tenor enim {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|conductus|conductūs|en|qid=Q846748}} in codice [[Florentia|Florentino]] inventus omnino cum [[melodia]] in codice B exarata congruit, quod unitatem melodicam inter varias traditiones manuscriptas demonstrat. Palaeographi autem notant in codice B praesentiam [[Notatio musica|notationis]] cum “distropha” vel “strophico”, quae pausam vel caesuram in linea melodica vehementius effert, cum contra in versionibus polyphonicis codicis F talis distinctio [[Rhythmus|rhythmica]] minus appareat. Haec differentia palaeographica suggerit monodiam B non sequi rigide leges mensurabiles polyphoniae, sed propriam [[Logica|logicam]] [[Accentus|accentuativam]] servare.<ref name="examen-apium-vitae-perditae">{{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bianchini | nomen auctoris 1 = Michele | cognomen auctricis 2 = Maschera | nomen auctricis 2 = Roberta | titulus = Vite perdite | domus editoria = Centro Studi Ars Nova | url = https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/031vite.html | work = Examenapium | tempus recensionis = 2026-03-30 }}.</ref> [[Phaenomenon]] quod dicitur “contrafactum” in hac melodia manifestum est, cum eadem structura [[neuma|neumatica]] inveniatur in operibus [[Petrus Blesensis|Petri Blesensis]], sed etiam in carminibus vernaculis sicut apud {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Peirulius|Peirulium|en|qid=Q2426784}} ({{barbarice|lingua=fr|Peirol}}) in codice G et Hugonem de Sancto Quintino in codicibus M et T. Ex parte paleographica, variatio in codice M, quae in vico “pastourelle” inscribitur, videtur imitari secundam vocem (duplum) conductūs Florentini, quod indicat quomodo scriptores medii aevi formulas melodicas inter textus Latinos et vulgares mutuo sumpserint. Tamen, dum in manuscriptis Latinis [[Metrum (poësis)|metrica]] stricta servatur, in transitione ad linguam Gallicam paleographia mutationem schematis metrici ostendit, ubi saltus quintae a Peirulio introductus formam archetypam commutavit.<ref name="examen-apium-vitae-perditae" /> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] g4qecw5wj49lg0hzj0eegw9h1a0b01m 0 325879 3967297 3967212 2026-06-29T14:04:16Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De cursu honorum */ 3967297 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Diptych Nicomachi-Symmachi collated.jpg|thumb|Diptychum Symmachorum et Nicomachorum, quod matrimonium inter illas gentes fortasse celebrabat.]] '''Nicomachus Flavianus iunior''' ('''floruit''' exeunte quarto ineunte quinto saeculo) fuit senator Romanus qui ter [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] curavit. Homo litteratus quoque fuit qui [[Titus Livius|Titum Livium]] recensuit (eius nomen in subscriptione libri octavi legitur). Primo in patris vestigiis [[Paganismus|paganismo]] favit sed [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenio]] usurpatore, cui praefectus urbi fuit, victo necatoque, ne poenas defectionis [[Theodosius I|Theodosio]] daret aut [[cursus honorum]] omnino frangeretur ad [[christianismus|christianismum]] sese convertisse videtur<ref>Quod ex testimonio [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustini]] ducitur, ''[[De civitate Dei|De Civitate Dei]]'' V.26.</ref>. == De familia == Filius paganorum partium ducis [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] erat qui sese post cladem ad [[Frigidus (flumen)|Frigidum Flumen]] occidit ([[394]]). Filiam scriptoris [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], Gallam, uxorem duxit et multas epistulas a socero accepit<ref>''Epistulae'' VI.1-81.</ref> == De cursu honorum == Nicomachus iunior fuit consularis [[Campania (Italia)|Campaniae]] anno incerto ac deinde [[Fasti proconsulum Asiae|proconsul Asiae]] (382/3) e qua dignitate tamen pulsus est postquam [[centurio|centurionem]] verberavit. Theodosii iram metuens statim Romam rediit<ref>[[Libanius]], ''Oratio'' 28.5. Ad hunc eventum alludere videtur Symmachus lib.III ep.69.</ref>. Post intervallum honoribus carens ab usurpatore Eugenio praefectus Urbi anno [[392]] creatus est; eodem tempore pater praefectus Italiae erat et anno [[394]] [[Consul ordinarius|consul ordinarius]]. Qui tamen post Eugenium victum mortem sibi conscivit in consulatu. Nicomachus iunior [[salarium]] patri ob praefecturam datum rependere debuit, alio supplicio adfectus non visus fortasse quia conversionem ad Christianismum non aspernatus est. Post novum intervallum praefectus Urbi iterum annis 399/400 factus est atque etiam tertium anno 408 et postremo iam senex annis [[431]]/2 praefectus praetorio Italiae, Illyrici et Africae.<ref>{{CIL|6|1783}}. A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/344/mode/2up 345-347]</ref>. Inter magistratus plerumque [[Henna|Hennae]] in Sicilia in praedio suo morabatur. Ut eius maiores patrocinium [[Neapolis|Naepolitanorum]] civitatis curabat. == Notae == <references/> == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1783}} Dessau 8985 {{AE|1934|147}} *Symmachus, ''Epistulae'' VI.1-81 ad Nicomachum missae, sed etiam II.17 19 22 24, III.89, IV.19 47 51, VI.12, VII.104 == Plura legere si cupis == *Alan Cameron, ''The Last Pagans of Rome''. Oxford University Press, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=AIQ8DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.academia.edu/117724893/The_Last_Pagans_of_Rome_By_Alan_Cameron Recensio critica] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2011/2011.12.35 Altera recensio critica] * Robert Malcolm Errington, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436261 The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Michel Festy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_2004_num_148_2_22744 Les Nicomaques, auteurs de l'Histoire auguste. La jalousie des méchants]",''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 2004: 757-767 == Nexus externi == *[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/RE:Flavianus_15 Flavianus 15] in [[Paulys Real-Enzyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Proconsules Asiae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]] b0qjxxjmqvy2n6f63xq5hflsn9svbn7 3967298 3967297 2026-06-29T14:05:49Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De cursu honorum */ 3967298 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Diptych Nicomachi-Symmachi collated.jpg|thumb|Diptychum Symmachorum et Nicomachorum, quod matrimonium inter illas gentes fortasse celebrabat.]] '''Nicomachus Flavianus iunior''' ('''floruit''' exeunte quarto ineunte quinto saeculo) fuit senator Romanus qui ter [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] curavit. Homo litteratus quoque fuit qui [[Titus Livius|Titum Livium]] recensuit (eius nomen in subscriptione libri octavi legitur). Primo in patris vestigiis [[Paganismus|paganismo]] favit sed [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenio]] usurpatore, cui praefectus urbi fuit, victo necatoque, ne poenas defectionis [[Theodosius I|Theodosio]] daret aut [[cursus honorum]] omnino frangeretur ad [[christianismus|christianismum]] sese convertisse videtur<ref>Quod ex testimonio [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustini]] ducitur, ''[[De civitate Dei|De Civitate Dei]]'' V.26.</ref>. == De familia == Filius paganorum partium ducis [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] erat qui sese post cladem ad [[Frigidus (flumen)|Frigidum Flumen]] occidit ([[394]]). Filiam scriptoris [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], Gallam, uxorem duxit et multas epistulas a socero accepit<ref>''Epistulae'' VI.1-81.</ref> == De cursu honorum == Nicomachus iunior fuit consularis [[Campania (Italia)|Campaniae]] anno incerto ac deinde [[Fasti proconsulum Asiae|proconsul Asiae]] (382/3) e qua dignitate tamen pulsus est postquam [[centurio|centurionem]] verberavit. Theodosii iram metuens statim Romam rediit<ref>[[Libanius]], ''Oratio'' 28.5. Ad hunc eventum alludere videtur Symmachus lib.III ep.69.</ref>. Post intervallum honoribus carens ab usurpatore Eugenio praefectus Urbi anno [[392]] creatus est; eodem tempore pater praefectus Italiae erat et anno [[394]] [[Consul ordinarius|consul ordinarius]]. Qui tamen post Eugenium victum mortem sibi conscivit in consulatu. Nicomachus iunior [[salarium]] patri ob praefecturam datum rependere debuit, alio supplicio adfectus non visus fortasse quia conversionem ad Christianismum non aspernatus est. Post novum intervallum praefectus Urbi iterum annis 399/400 [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorio imperante]] factus est atque etiam tertium anno 408 et postremo iam senex annis [[431]]/2 praefectus praetorio Italiae, Illyrici et Africae.<ref>{{CIL|6|1783}}. A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/344/mode/2up 345-347]</ref>. Inter magistratus plerumque [[Henna|Hennae]] in Sicilia in praedio suo morabatur. Ut eius maiores patrocinium [[Neapolis|Naepolitanorum]] civitatis curabat. == Notae == <references/> == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1783}} Dessau 8985 {{AE|1934|147}} *Symmachus, ''Epistulae'' VI.1-81 ad Nicomachum missae, sed etiam II.17 19 22 24, III.89, IV.19 47 51, VI.12, VII.104 == Plura legere si cupis == *Alan Cameron, ''The Last Pagans of Rome''. Oxford University Press, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=AIQ8DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.academia.edu/117724893/The_Last_Pagans_of_Rome_By_Alan_Cameron Recensio critica] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2011/2011.12.35 Altera recensio critica] * Robert Malcolm Errington, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436261 The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Michel Festy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_2004_num_148_2_22744 Les Nicomaques, auteurs de l'Histoire auguste. La jalousie des méchants]",''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 2004: 757-767 == Nexus externi == *[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/RE:Flavianus_15 Flavianus 15] in [[Paulys Real-Enzyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Proconsules Asiae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]] 8tayoha81klc79qt6o8tccpekyg6h1x 3967308 3967298 2026-06-29T16:28:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3967308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Diptych Nicomachi-Symmachi collated.jpg|thumb|Diptychum Symmachorum et Nicomachorum, quod matrimonium inter illas gentes fortasse celebrabat.]] '''Nicomachus Flavianus iunior''' ('''floruit''' exeunte quarto ineunte quinto saeculo) fuit senator Romanus qui ter [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] curavit. Homo litteratus quoque fuit qui [[Titus Livius|Titum Livium]] recensuit (eius nomen in subscriptione librorum sexti, septimi, octavi legitur). Primo in patris vestigiis [[Paganismus|paganismo]] favit sed [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenio]] usurpatore, cui praefectus urbi fuit, victo necatoque, ne poenas defectionis [[Theodosius I|Theodosio]] daret aut [[cursus honorum]] omnino frangeretur ad [[christianismus|christianismum]] sese convertisse videtur<ref>Quod ex testimonio [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustini]] ducitur, ''[[De civitate Dei|De Civitate Dei]]'' V.26.</ref>. == De familia == Filius paganorum partium ducis [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] erat qui sese post cladem ad [[Frigidus (flumen)|Frigidum Flumen]] occidit ([[394]]). Filiam scriptoris [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], Gallam, uxorem duxit et multas epistulas a socero accepit<ref>''Epistulae'' VI.1-81.</ref> == De cursu honorum == Nicomachus iunior fuit consularis [[Campania (Italia)|Campaniae]] anno incerto ac deinde [[Fasti proconsulum Asiae|proconsul Asiae]] (382/3) e qua dignitate tamen pulsus est postquam [[centurio|centurionem]] verberavit. Theodosii iram metuens statim Romam rediit<ref>[[Libanius]], ''Oratio'' 28.5. Ad hunc eventum alludere videtur Symmachus lib.III ep.69.</ref>. Post intervallum honoribus carens ab usurpatore Eugenio praefectus Urbi anno [[392]] creatus est; eodem tempore pater praefectus Italiae erat et anno [[394]] [[Consul ordinarius|consul ordinarius]]. Qui tamen post Eugenium victum mortem sibi conscivit in consulatu. Nicomachus iunior [[salarium]] patri ob praefecturam datum rependere debuit, alio supplicio adfectus non visus fortasse quia conversionem ad Christianismum non aspernatus est. Post novum intervallum praefectus Urbi iterum annis 399/400 [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorio imperante]] factus est atque etiam tertium anno 408 et postremo iam senex annis [[431]]/2 praefectus praetorio Italiae, Illyrici et Africae.<ref>{{CIL|6|1783}}. A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/344/mode/2up 345-347]</ref>. Inter magistratus plerumque [[Henna|Hennae]] in Sicilia in praedio suo morabatur. Ut eius maiores patrocinium [[Neapolis|Naepolitanorum]] civitatis curabat. == Notae == <references/> == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1783}} Dessau 8985 {{AE|1934|147}} *Symmachus, ''Epistulae'' VI.1-81 ad Nicomachum missae, sed etiam II.17 19 22 24, III.89, IV.19 47 51, VI.12, VII.104 == Plura legere si cupis == *Alan Cameron, ''The Last Pagans of Rome''. Oxford University Press, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=AIQ8DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.academia.edu/117724893/The_Last_Pagans_of_Rome_By_Alan_Cameron Recensio critica] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2011/2011.12.35 Altera recensio critica] * Robert Malcolm Errington, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436261 The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Michel Festy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_2004_num_148_2_22744 Les Nicomaques, auteurs de l'Histoire auguste. La jalousie des méchants]",''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 2004: 757-767 == Nexus externi == *[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/RE:Flavianus_15 Flavianus 15] in [[Paulys Real-Enzyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Proconsules Asiae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]] gcns7y3x0m0sne8k8aah89smnhzbup0 0 325915 3967286 2026-06-29T12:40:22Z IacobusAmor 1163 IacobusAmor movit paginam [[Antiquitas (Stargate)]] ad [[Antiqui]]: Lemma (mos vicipaedianus) 3967286 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Antiqui]] p4hi3x7jzxcj85kkjaiyvteet1hqru7 0 325916 3967309 2026-06-29T16:29:08Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a documentatione francica 3967309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Eglise Rancourt (88).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Radonis curtis: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sancta Libaria|Sanctae Libariae]] dicata.]] {{res|Radonis curtis}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 231.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Rancourt'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 75 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Rancourt (Vosges)|Radonis curtem}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] d6m8e9bvpj5ch1h5p6g1zqt8gdfmbh9 0 325917 3967323 2026-06-29T16:50:47Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a documentatione francica 3967323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Ramonchamp, Eglise Saint-Remy-et-Saint-Blaise.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Romarici campus: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus|Sanctis]] [[Sanctus Remigius|Remigio]] [[Sanctus Blasius|Blasioque]] dicata.]] {{res|Romarici campus}} seu '''Ramocampus'''<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 276.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Ramonchamp'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:1815}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Cives notabiles == * [[Calixtus Deslon]] (1747-1819), praefectus equestris, participans in fugam [[Ludovicus XVI|Ludovici XVI]] apud [[Varennae (Mosa)|Varennas]], hic natus est. * Ioannes-Iosephus Brice (1835-?), gigas Vosegorum (2.45 m), hic natus est. * [[Adelpheus Peltre]] (1915-1944), magister scholarum et pugnator Resistentiae, hic in proelio mortuus est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Ramonchamp|Romarici campum}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] foh4yqotxktrjzbnakqyo1hqgbdfjwe 0 325918 3967324 2026-06-29T17:16:07Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a documentatione francica 3967324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Ramecourt bourg 2003.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Rancuria: despectus in vicum.]] {{res|Rancuria}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 235.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Ramecourt'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 144 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Ramecourt|Rancuriam}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] nx9fia5dr0qr8fc14wb4jnrwpqsikhp 1 325919 3967325 2026-06-29T17:17:56Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3967325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Ramecourt (Vosges)|237278132}} 2nkai5jpz9yslp47wjmx4zz49u6mydj 1 325920 3967326 2026-06-29T17:25:15Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3967326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Ramonchamp|237253690}} fvljtjqr36hef95y6fun3x9g8cq9m70 1 325921 3967327 2026-06-29T17:26:31Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3967327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Rancourt (Vosges)|237254388}} 7nhzcwgcmsd4khrnon1ts4le9tglsz8 0 325922 3967329 2026-06-29T19:00:10Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a documentatione francica 3967329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Rambervillers 88 église.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Ramberti villa: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sancta Libaria|Sanctae Libariae]] dicata.]] {{res|Ramberti villa}} seu '''Ranberti villare'''<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 233.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Rambervillers'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:5018}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Cives notabiles == * [[Nicolaus Serarius]] (1555-1609), exegeta, Iesuita, et historicus, hic natus est. * Carolus Chassel (1615-1681), sculptor Regis [[Ludovicus XIV|Ludovici XIV]], hic natus est. * David Chassel (1622-1694), sculptor peritus Parisiis, hic natus est. * Dieudonné Coclet (1669-1743), pictor ornatus, hic natus est. * [[Nicolaus-Alexis Ondernard]] (1756-1831), sacerdos et praelatus, Episcopus [[Dioecesis Namurcensis|Namurcensis]], hic natus est. * [[Ioannes Iosephus Vaudechamp]] (1790-1864), pictor, hic natus est. * [[Antonius-Paulus Vaillant]] (1800-1884), medicus militaris, Praefectus Legionis Honoris, hic natus est. * [[Ludovicus Augustus Napoleon Rousseau]] (1812-1887), [[demarcho]] [[Yrsonnium|Yrsonnii]], hic natus et mortuus est. * [[Franciscus Eugenius Durupt]] (1847-1922), generalis et alumnus Sancti Cyri, hic natus est. * [[Alphonsus Cytère]] (1861-1941), machinator ceramicus Gallicus, Scholae Nancianae coniunctus, hic mortuus est. * [[Birgitta Kernel]] (1959-), moderatrix televisionis et scriptrix, hic nata est. * [[Ioannes Petrus Vuillemin]] (natus anno 1967), episcopus auxiliaris [[Dioecesis Metensis|Metensis]] (2019-2023), deinde episcopus [[Dioecesis Cenomanensis|Cenomanensis]]. * [[Ioannes Baret]] (1972-), pedilusor olim, hic natus est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Rambervillers|Ramberti villam}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] s5kotie27rpaw5at3nocxz4deew7hul 3967332 3967329 2026-06-29T19:08:18Z Pippobuono 54500 pagina iam existit ! 3967332 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rambervilleriae]] s1v92x61dw2l6ocxqt1ktw92nxyfqdo 3967334 3967332 2026-06-29T23:33:52Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:De hac redirectione|De hac redirectione]]}} 3967334 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rambervilleriae]] {{De hac redirectione|olim=3967329}} b4n6ztv2eogijz8aj39w2qegkq042po